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[[Category:Template]] 1ret2ltnamunlvxx34h40pi9xcb8kc8 10 468 22695 2842 2011-01-26T23:53:00Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; [[Category:Template]] c2nwkh1leis1wo8uyanvsrxy1q0c6n3 4 591 2965 2004-03-09T16:51:22Z 81.5.166.191 wikitext text/x-wiki <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=HomePage" class='internal' title ="Special:Allpages">HomePage</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Main Page</td></tr> </table> lfai5vr1e11e0qck5kr643t0xt0pszl 0 775 83828 82763 2022-05-19T00:28:33Z BevoLJ 10818 - error "default" in photo options wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubulika y'u Rwanda<br />République du Rwanda<br />Republic of Rwanda<br />Jamhuri ya Rwanda'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda</span>]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda|<span style="color:grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda</span>]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | |} [[File:EZMJ0xXUcAAn0Ph.jpg|thumb|Kigali Arena]] [[File:Rwanda (rw) pronunciation.ogg|thumb|Rwanda (rw) pronunciation]] [[File:Kigali_convention.jpg|thumb|Kigali convention]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Arena|thumb|Aho u Rwanda rugeze mu iterambere]] = Intangiriro = U Rwanda ni [[igihugu]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, munsi y’Umurongo wa [[Koma y’isi]]. Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda witwa [[Kigali]]. Iki gihugu gikunze kwitwa icy'imisozi igihumbi gikoresha indimi enye: I[[kinyarwanda]], I[[gifaransa]], I[[cyongereza]], [[Igiswahili|Ikiswahili]]. Ururimi rw’Igihugu ni Ikinyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda burigenga, ubuyobozi bufite intego igamije guteza imbere abaturage, kandi imiyoborere y'igihugu ntabwo ishingiye ku idini. [[Ibirango by’igihugu]] cy’u Rwanda ni [[ibendera|i]]<nowiki/>nkingi, ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko z' ubuyobozi, intego n’indirimbo y’Igihugu. [[Intego ya Repubulika|Intego y'Umutegetsi]] ni [[Ubumwe]], [[Umurimo]], [[Gukunda Igihugu]]. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni [[Rwanda Nziza]]... == [[Amateka]] == == "Ubumenyi bw'isi" == [[File:Map of Rwanda.png|300px|Map of Rwanda]] Ni igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, kiri muri Afurika yo hagati mu karere bita ak’ibiyaga bigari. U Rwanda rufite [[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] bitanu, ibiyaga makumyabiri na bitatu n’imigezi myinshi, imwe akaba ariyo soko y’uruzi rwa [[Nili|Nil.]] U Rwanda rufite ubuso bwa 26,338 km² ubutaka bukaba bwihariye 24,948 km² amazi agafata 1,390 km². Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 11,533,446 (National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, 2016), ubwo rero ni abantu 438 kuri buri km², u Rwanda rubarirwa mu bihugu bituwe cyane kurusha ibindi muri Afurika. [[File:Rwanda Gitarama landscape.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Imipaka n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi bikurikira ni 893 km: [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo (290km), [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba (217km), [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru(169km) na [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (217km). U Rwanda rufite ibihe by’imvura bibiri Itumba-kuva Gashyantare kugera muri Gicurasi, Umuhindi-kuva muri Nzeli kugera muri Mutarama. Mu misozi ibihe biri mu rugero hajya haba ubutita rimwe na rimwe hakaza n’urubura rw’imbonekarimwe. Igihugu gifite imiterere y’ubutaka itandukanye yiganjemo ibirunga mu majyaruguru kikaba gikikijwe [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n’ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiyaga_cya_Kivu]] mu burengerazuba. Parike National y’ibirunga iri mu birunga mu misozi miremire n’amashyamba biri mu majyaruguru, iyo pariki ifite ingangi zizwi cyane kw’isi nk'inyamaswa nini cyane zizwi ku kwita ku miryango yazo. Hari inyamaswa nini n’into, naho ikiyaga cya Kivu mu burengerazuba kikaba gifite umusenyi mwiza mu nkengero zacyo ku Kibuye, Kivu ikaba itatswe n’uturwa twinshi. Ahantu ha mbere haciye bugufi mu Rwanda ni mu kibaya cya Rusizi kikaba kiri ku butumburuke bwa metero 950 uhereye ku nyanja. Naho ahantu harehare cyane gusumba ahandi ni ikirunga cya Kalisimbi gifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 4,519. MUDASIRU Pariki Nasiyonali * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] * [[Pariki y'Akagera]] * [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]][[File:Tour_du_Rwanda_2020.png|thumb|Tour du Rwanda 2020]] == Intara == Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kigabanyijemo intara 4 n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Intara zigabanyijemo uturere, imijyi, imirenge n’utugari. Umujyi wa Kigali ugabanyijemo uturere 3, imirenge n’utugari. Kugeza muri [[2005]], U Rwanda rwari rugabanyijemo intara cumi n’ebyiri (12) na Komini ijana na cumi n’esheshatu (116). Izi zari: Umujyi wa Kigali,9 Intara ya Kigali Ngali,10 Intara ya Gitarama,11 Intara ya Butare,12 Intara ya Gikongoro,13 Intara ya Cyangugu,14 Intara ya Kibuye,15 Intara ya Gisenyi,16 Intara ya Ruhengeri,17 Intara ya Byumba,18 Intara y’Umutara,19 Intara ya Kibungo. Ariko ibi byarahindutse kuva ku itariki ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[2006]]. Muri porogaramu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage no kuvugurura ubutegetsi muri rusange mu gihugu, ubutegetsi bwite bwa leta bwagabanyijwe mu matsinda matoya u Rwanda 13rugabanywamo intara eshanu (5) zagabanyijwemo nazo [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|uturere]] mirongo itatu (30). Uturere natwo tugabanyijwemo imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu (416) n’[[utugali]] ibihumbi bibiri n’ijana mirongo ine n’umunani (2148). Igihugu cy’u Rwanda kigabanyijemo Intara enye ( 4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali. Amazina, umubare n’ibyicaro by’Intara n’iby’Umujyi wa Kigali bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Intara n’Uturere</span>]] {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akaere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y’Uburengerazuba]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} [[Dosiye:Rwandan children at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|200px|<span style="color:grey;">''Volcans National Park''</span>]] == [[Iyobokamana]] == [[Dosiye:RwamaganaChurch.jpg|thumb|left|100px|]] [[Abanyarwanda]] benshi ni abayoboke b’amadini 2 akomeye ariyo [[Ubukirisitu]] ([[Abagatolika]], [[Abaporoso]], [[Abapresibuteliyani]] n’[[abangilikani]]) n’[[ubuyislamu]], n'[[Abahamya ba Yehova]] [[Kiliziya]] cyane cyane [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] niyo yashinze imizi mu Rwanda. Abanyarwanda benshi ni abagatolika. Rero Kiliziya ifite uruhare runini mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Hari andi madini nayo y’abakirisitu mu Rwanda, ariko ntabwo akomeye nka Kiliziya Gatorika. Iri dini niryo rya mbere ryinjiye mu Rwanda riyobowe na Musenyeri Hirth wo mu muryango w’Abapadiri bera27mu w’1900. abapadiri bera bazanywe mu Rwanda n’abadage, bayobora icyo gihe bategekaga u Rwanda, u Burundi na tanzaniya y’icyo gihe. Abadage barindaga abapadiri bera bizera ko naho bazashyigikira ubutegetsi bw’Abadage (irohat) mu Rwanda. Ibarura ry’abaturage rya 2002 ryagaragaje ko amadini ahagaze mu buryo bukurikira muri iki gihe: Abagatolika (49,5%), Abaporotesitanti bari mu madini atandukanye (27,2%), Abadivantisite (12,2%);Abahamya ba Yehova Andi madini ya gikirisito (4%), Abatagira idini (3,6%) N’Abayisilamu (1,8%), indi myemerere 1,7%. Iri barura riragaragaza ko 98,3% by abatuye u Rwanda biyemerera ko bafite idini babarizwamo. Ibi biratwereka ko amadini ari rumwe mu nzego z’imiyoborere ihuza abantu benshi kuko amenshi muri ayo madini atandukanye cyane n’idini gakondo kuko yo ahuza abayoboke bayo kandi akabaha gahunda y’imitekerereze ndetse n’imyitwarire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == [[Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] == [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|KAGANE]] [[Ibendera]] ry’Igihugu rigizwe n’amabara atatu: icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. == [[Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] == [[File:EZMJ0xXUcAAn0Ph.jpg|thumb|kigali Arena imwe munzu mberambyombyi ziri muri Kigali]] Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugizwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi abenshi mu bahinzi batunzwe n’ibyo bahinga. Ubukungu bukaba buhura n’icyibazo cy’uko abantu ari benshi kurusha ubutaka buhari. Kuba u Rwanda rudakora ku nyanjya bikaba byongera ibyo bibazo kubera ko bituma igihugu kitagera ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyangwa kibagerayo bigoranye. Ibihingwa ngengabukungu bya mbere ni ikawa, icyayi n’ibireti. Ibi n’ibyamasoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gihugu, ibihingwa bihaboneka muri byo ni ibitoki, imyumbati, amasaka, imboga, n’ibirayi. Ariko ntibihagije ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda ibindi bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ibindi byongera ku ntungamubiri ku banyarwanda ni amatungo- inka, ihene n’intama.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006]</ref> [[Dosiye:Kigali skyline closeup.jpg|thumb|amagorofa ari m'umurwa rwagati]] == Ubutegetsi bwite bw’igihugu == Muri [[politiki]], u Rwanda rwayoborwaga n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mbere yuko rukolonizwa n’Ababirigi kugeza rubonye ubwigenge ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962. Ni repubulika iyoborwa na perezida ikaba inagendera kuri demokarasi y’amashyaka menshi. Itegekonshinga rishya ryemejwe ku itariki ya [[26 Gicurasi]] [[2003]]. Umukuru w’Igihugu ni Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] naho Umukuru wa Guverinoma ni Minisitiri w’Intebe Édouard Ngirente. Guverinoma ishyirwaho na Perezida. == Amashyaka ya Politiki == [[Dosiye:Kagame.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Kagame</span>]] U Rwanda ni igihugu kigendera kuri [[demokarasi]] y’amashyaka menshi. Amashyaka ya politike mu gihugu n’abayayobora ni aya: [[Parti Démocratique Chrétien]] (PDC) iyobowe na [[Alfred Mukezamfura]] ; [[Parti Social Démocratique]] (PSD) iyobowe na [[Vincent Biruta]] ; [[Union Démocratique du Peuple Rwandais]] (UDPR) iyobowe na [[Adrien Rangira]] ; [[Mouvement Démocratique Républicain]] (MDR) yasheshwe ikaba yarayoborwaga na [[Kabanda Célestin]] ; [[Parti Démocratique Islamique]] (PDI) iyobowe na [[André Bumaya]] ; [[Parti Libéral]] (PL) iyobowe na [[Prosper Higiro]] ; na [[Front Patriotique Rwandais]] (FPR) iyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]]. Hari n’andi mashyaka yahagaritswe kubera ko atemewe n’amategekop. Ayo ni [[Parti Socialiste Rwandais]] (PSR), na [[Parti pour le Progres et la Concorde]] (PPC) na Parti pour le Renouveau Démocratique === Amashyaka yo mu wa 1959 === Ayo mashyaka ari ukubiri: hari ayo bamwe bita "partis nationaux", ni ukuvuga amashyaka yari afite abayoboke benshi, yari asakaye mu gihugu cyangwa mu duce tunini, akagira n'uburyo bugaragara bwo kwamamaza ibitekerezo byayo n'abayobozi batwaye bagaragara. Tuvuge ayo mashyaka ayo ari yo n'igihe yavukiye: <ref>[http://www.grandslacs.net/doc/2529.pdf Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda, Kigali, Kanama 1999] </ref> :1. '''APROSOMA''' [[Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse]] 15/02/1959 :2. '''UNAR''' [[Union Nationale Rwandaise]] 13/09/1959 :3. '''RADER''' [[Rassemblement Democratique Rwandaise]] 14/09/1959 :4. '''PARMEHUTU''' [[Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation des Bahutu]] 09/10/1959 Hari n'andi mashyaka akabakaba makumyabiri ataragize uburemere byayo tumaze kuvuga. Ndetse urebye neza, amwe n'amwe muri ayo mashyaka mato yegamiye ayo ane manini. Ayo mashyaka matoya ni aya: :1) '''ABAKI''' [[Alliance des Bakiga]] :2) '''ABESC''' [[Association des Bahutu evuluant pour la suppression des castes]] :3) '''ACR''' [[Association des Cultivateurs du Rwanda]] :4) '''APADEC''' [[Association du Parti Democrate Chretien]] :5) '''APROCOMIN''' [[Association des Commerçants Indigenes]] :6) '''AREDETWA''' [[Association pour le Relevement Democratique des Batwa]] :7) '''ARUCO''' [[Alliance du Ruanda - Urundi et du Congo]] :8) '''ASSERU''' [[Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda]] :9) '''MOMOR''' [[Mouvement Monarchiste Rwandais]] :10) '''MUR''' [[Mouvement pour 1'Union Rwandaise]] :11) '''PAMOPRO''' [[Parti Monarchiste Progressiste]] :12) '''PSCR''' [[Parti Social Chrétien du Rwanda]] :13) '''UAARU''' [[Union des Aborozi Africains du Rwanda]] :14) '''UMAR''' [[Union des Masses Rwandaises]] :15) '''UNAFREUROP''' [[Union Afro-Europeenne]] :16) '''UNINTERCOKI''' [[Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga]] == == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki y’Amajyamabere y’u Rwanda]] (BRD) * [[Ofisi y’Ubukerarugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali mu Rwanda]] (ORTPN) * [[Perezidansi ya Repubulika]] * [[Ibiro Bikuru by’Ishoramari rya Leta n’Inkunga Ituruka Hanze y’Igihugu]] (CEPEX) * [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ishoramari n'Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Mahanga]] (RIEPA) * [[Urugaga Nyarwanda rw’Abikorera ku Giti cyabo]] (RPSF) [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|BANKI Y' UBUCURUZI MU RWANDA]] == Amabanki == * Banque de Kigali (BK) * Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) * I&M bank Rwanda * Compagnie Générale de Banque (COGEBANQUE) * Banque Commerciale du Rwanda (BCR) * Ecobank Rwanda * Banque de l'Habitat du Rwanda (BHR) * Banque Populaire du Rwanda (BPR) * Urwego Opportunity Microfinance Bank (UOMB) * BANCOR SA * Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA *Kenya commercial bank (KCB) *Equity bank *Urwego Opportunity Bank(UOB) *Zigama CSS *Co-operative Bank Rwanda == Sosiyete Sivile mu Rwanda == [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumbnail|[[:en:One Laptop per Child|OLPC]] classroom teaching]] Iki gice kiraganira kuri sosiyete sivile yo mu Rwanda, ariko irashimangira ku mateka yayo, uko iteye, n’amashami yayo aba mu Rwanda. Iki gice kiranagaragaza imibereho ya sosiyete sivile, imigenderane ifitanye na leta y'u Rwanda ndetse n’abaterenkunga, ingorane ihura nazo. Iki gice kandi kiranagaragaza imbogamizi uwo muryango uhura nazo. Urebye ibibazo uyu muryango uhura nabyo mu byerekeye kumvisha akamaro kawo, ni umuryango w’ubukorerabushake ufata umwanya hagati y’umuryango nyarwanda na leta. Hari amashyirahamwe atandukanye yigenga, yashizweho n’abantu ku giti cyabo kugira ngo babungabunge amahame n’imico yabo. Ubundi inshingano z’uwo muryango ni kuwinjizamwo imiryango y’abakozi bo mu nzego zose, baba abunganira (avocats), za kiriziya, koperative, amashyirahamwe y’abana n’abagore n’andi mashyirahamwe ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> * [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] * [[Avega Agahozo]] * [[Haguruka]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.presidency.gov.rw/ * http://www.livinginkigali.com {{Afurika}} {{commons|category:Rwanda}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] 54wq4v6k4bjg6i6x1hxlfrtec4024m4 4 779 83252 82742 2022-05-10T10:39:47Z MediaWiki message delivery 4287 /* 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates */ new section wikitext text/x-wiki * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. == The To-Do - List== # Translating the Main Page into Kinyarwanda. # after 1: starting of writing articles -> transations from English and French. # all files transmitting to [[commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. == Very important Links== == External Help== * [[User:Joschy|Joschy]] will help in questions about Wikipedia. ==Bot policy== Hello. To facilitate [[m:steward|steward]] granting of bot access, I suggest implementing the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] on this wiki. In particular, this policy allows stewards to automatically flag known interlanguage linking bots (if this page says that is acceptable), which form the vast majority of such requests. The policy also enables [[m:Bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] on this wiki (if this page says that is acceptable), which are trusted bots that will be given bot access on every wiki that allows global bots. This policy makes bot access requesting much easier for local users, operators, and stewards. To implement it we only need to create a redirect to this page from [[Project:Bot policy]], and add a line at the top noting that it is used here. Please read the text at [[m:Bot policy]] before commenting. If you object, please say so; I hope to implement in one week if there is no objection, since it is particularly written to streamline bot requests on wikis with little or no community interested in bot access requests. [[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] 16:56, 9 June 2009 (UTC) == Localized logo == Hello! The Wikimedia Foundation recently <span class="plainlinks">[http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ updated]</span> the official Wikipedia globe. We realize that a lot of projects have never had a localized logo in their native language, so we are making sure that we create logos for every Wikipedia project that we have. The only issue is: we can't figure out what should be on your localized logo. <tt>:-)</tt> Could you please provide a translation for the following? * Wikipedia * The Free Encyclopedia Please put the translation on my [[m:User talk:Cbrown1023|Meta talk page]]. Thank you! '''[[User:Cbrown1023|<span style="color:green">Cbrown1023</span>]]''' '''<small>[[User talk:Cbrown1023|<span style="color:#002bb8">discussion</span>]]</small>''' 00:55, 25 May 2010 (UTC) ==Wikimania Scholarships== The call for applications for Wikimania Scholarships to attend Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk, Poland (July 9-11) is now open. The Wikimedia Foundation offers Scholarships to pay for selected individuals' round trip travel, accommodations, and registration at the conference. To apply, visit the [[wm2010:Main Page|Wikimania 2010]] [[wm2010:Scholarships|scholarships information page]], click the secure link available there, and fill out the form to apply. For additional information, please visit the Scholarships information and FAQ pages: * [[wm2010:Scholarships|Scholarships]] * [[wm2010:Scholarships/FAQ|Scholarships FAQ]] Yours very truly, [[m:User:Cary Bass|Cary Bass]]</br> Volunteer Coordinator</br> Wikimedia Foundation ==Fundraising time is around the corner!== Hello Wikimedians, my name is Deniz and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between the Kinyarwanda community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort, we recognize that banner messages that perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. <Br> I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project, helping to translate and localize messages into Kinyarwanda and suggesting messages that would appeal to Kinyarwanda readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].<br>Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser.<br> Please translate this message into Kinyarwanda if you can and post it below. Thank you! --[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 17:12, 10 September 2010 (UTC) ===Fundraising 2010: Beat Jimmy Challenge=== The Fundraising Committee is issuing all interested community members a challenge: [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 we want you to beat Jimmy]. The appeal from Jimmy Wales and the corresponding banner have been tested head-to-head with other successful banners, and the results are clear: it's our best performing message... by a lot. This year we have a lofty fundraising goal; we need all of our banners to bring in donations like the Jimmy Appeal, but no one wants to keep the Jimmy banner up for two months. We want to run donor quotes, and other wonderful ideas, but we have to have banners that work as well as or better than the Jimmy appeal. We've just released the highlights from a [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010#Focus_Group donor focus group], and the results of our [http://www.uggsoutletugg.com uggs outlet]. With one month to the launch of the fundraiser, the messages we test must be driven by data from our tests and surveys - we can no longer rely on instinct alone. We've redesigned our fundraising meta pages with the Jimmy challenge; check out the survey results and propose/discuss banners that reflect these findings. Add the banners you think will 'beat Jimmy' [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages/BeatJimmy here] to be tested '''Tuesday October 12''' against Jimmy. -[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 21:54, 6 October 2010 (UTC) == Call for image filter referendum == The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account. Further details and educational materials will be available shortly. The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party. Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly. Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]]. For the coordinating committee,<br /> [[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]<br /> [[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]<br/> [[m:User:Risker|Risker]]</br> [[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]<br/> [[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]<br/> [[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]] <!-- EdwardsBot 0090 --> == [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] == * Bot : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] * Operator : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] * Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic * Programming Language(s) : Python (pywikipedia), daily update * Function Summary : Interwiki * Already has a bot flag (Y/N) : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here] * Function Details : just using the standard interwiki.py I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki. Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] <!-- Interwiki --> [[eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]] == Terms of Use update == ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use. The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] 01:15, 27 October 2011 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --> == Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.'' *Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects? *Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors? *Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world? The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships, Wikimedia Foundation]] 03:03, 22 December 2011 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --> == Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta == Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis. As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org]. For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]]. The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in: * [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.] * New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css. * The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link. * Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer. * Better timezone recognition in user preferences. * Improved diff readability for colorblind people. * The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension). * More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists). * Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language. * Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language. * Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18. Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis. '''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account. You should avoid using the same password as you use here. — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16:31, 15 January 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --> == MediaWiki 1.19 == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. 15:17, 12 February 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --> == Update on IPv6 == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled. What this means for your project: *At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form "<code>2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334</code>". See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.) *In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. *We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration. --[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:20, 2 June 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --> == 2011 Picture of the Year competition == <small>[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]</small> Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view! Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]]. About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance. See you on Commons! --[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:37, 5 June 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --> == Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' Hi, As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led "[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]" (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]]. Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15. --[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:23, 19 July 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --> == More opportunities for you to access free research databases == The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias. There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias. Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries. There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]]. * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]''' is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries. There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available. All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits. Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]]. You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors. Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]]. Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]). Go sign up :) --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:23, 16 August 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --> == Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.'' The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the "request for comment", program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.) Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]02:11, 6 September 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --> == Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them. The project is divided into three phases and "we are getting close to roll-out the first phase". The phases are: # language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article) # infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data) # lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified) It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:36, 10 September 2012 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --> == Upcoming software changes - please report any problems == [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] <div dir=ltr> ''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)'' All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code. This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] & [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]). Please watch for problems with: * revision diffs * templates * CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts) * bots * PDF export * images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes * the CologneBlue skin If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]]. You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated. Thanks! With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster. [[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 03:11, 16 October 2012 (UTC) P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]]. <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --> == Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed == ''Please translate for your local community'' Hello All, The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars) By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :) If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)! Thanks!<br /> [[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]<br /> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:17, 17 October 2012 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --> == Be a Wikimedia fundraising "User Experience" volunteer! == Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)** By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!! Thanks! [[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]<br/> Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation : Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 21:15, 8 January 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 331 --> == Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. == (Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&iso=20130122T17&ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement]. If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. Thank you for your help and your understanding. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small>. 15:39, 19 January 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --> == Picture of the Year voting round 1 open == Dear Wikimedians, Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open. We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria: :# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. :# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&wiki=&event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool]. :# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]). Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors. For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final. In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year. To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]]. Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''. Thanks,<br /> the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee<br /> <small>This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[User:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[User talk:Rillke|talk]]) 23:58, 22 January 2013 (UTC)</small> == Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' *Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website? *Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding? *Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals? Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals. The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information. Thanks! --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:49, 30 January 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --> == Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. [[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6. === What is Wikidata? === Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later. === What is going to happen? === Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article. === Where can I find more information and ask questions? === Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. === I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata === To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]]. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:16, 21 February 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --> PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA == Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)</small> Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called "Lua" is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates. If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&min=00&sec=0&day=20&month=03&year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia & America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=03&year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa & America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]]. If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions. [[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 20:19, 13 March 2013 (UTC) <small>([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished. '''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?''' Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:chief executive officer}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p169}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2]. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:10, 5 April 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --> == [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] == <small>(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)</small> <small>[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]</small> Hello! There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process. We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity. All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed. Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] <small>(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)</small> 05:16, 24 April 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --> == Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here == [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]]. A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed. '''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?''' You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now. '''How will this work?''' There are two ways to access the data: * Use a parser function like <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki> in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]]. * For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]]. We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use <nowiki>{{#property:headquarter location}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{#property:p159}}</nowiki>. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]]. '''Where can I test this?''' You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here. '''Where can I find more information and ask questions?''' We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]]. '''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata''' To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together. --[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:20, 24 April 2013 (UTC) <small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --> == [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]]. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 04:06, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --> == [en] Change to section edit links == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> The default position of the "edit" link in page section headers is going to change soon. The "edit" link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it. Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time. [[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta. Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links. <small>(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 18:55, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --> == Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions == <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" ><big>Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|<span style="color:#268bd2;">Tech news</span>]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.</big> ''Please inform other users about these changes.''</div> <div style="width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;" class="plainlinks" > ;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)'' * The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685] * VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * A new extension ("TemplateData") was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7] * The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] * The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4] ;Future software changes: * The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the "single user login" (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html] * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called "Flow", is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html]. * The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html] </div> <div style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;">'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC) </div> <div style="float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; "><span style="color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;">Important note:</span> This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians. '''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]]. You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC)</div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --> == Trademark discussion == Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]]) <!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --> == Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher. Come and Sign up! == [[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. I want to alert you to our latest donation. *'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library. *Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account. *'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]''' Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:18, 16 June 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --> == Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) == My apologies for the incorrect link: You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:52, 16 June 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --> == [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <small>(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)</small> Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].——[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|<span style="color:green;font-family:Neuropol">cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|<sup style="color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Chat]]<sub style="margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior">Automation</sub> 04:57, 23 June 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis. Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 12:54, 4 July 2013 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --> == Pywikipedia is migrating to git == Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this. [[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/23/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] <small>(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).</small> 13:43, 23 July 2013 (UTC) <!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --> == VisualEditor and your Wikipedia == ''(Please translate this message)'' Greetings, The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language. We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process. If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&action=translate&group=ext-visualeditor here]. You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate. This account is free and easy to create. If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]]. You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki. We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:12, 30 July 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --> == HTTPS for users with an account == Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]]. If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the <code>#wikimedia-operations</code> channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to <code>https@wikimedia.org</code>. [[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 19:37, 20 August 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --> == [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]] First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community. The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the "community logo" (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission. Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) <small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)</small>. 03:07, 24 September 2013 (UTC) <small>(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --> == [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] == [[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]] ''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)'' Greetings! [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve. There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked: *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate *[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]]. This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia. You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link. :*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]] Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:10, 4 October 2013 (UTC) :<small>(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])</small> <!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --> == Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]]. This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo. The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community. We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it. Thanks, [[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] & [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:47, 8 October 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --> == Introducting Beta Features == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)'' We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone. Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive. Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013. Here are the first features you can test this week: * [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen * [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages * [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] — make text more readable (coming Thursday) Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]]. After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future. Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think! [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC) :<small>Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])</small>, 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC) </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --> == Call for comments on draft trademark policy == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy. The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]]. We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation. Thanks, <br /> [[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] & [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] </div> <!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --> ==VisualEditor coming to this wiki== Hello. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message! VisualEditor is coming to this project on December 2, 2013. VisualEditor is software in development to allow people to edit pages in MediaWiki without needing to learn wikitext syntax (like typing <nowiki>[[</nowiki> to start a link). It is already available and in use on some Wikipedia projects. Please see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ]] for more information. When this software arrives, you will have the option to use it or to use the current wikitext editor. When you press “edit”, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press “edit source”. For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. We hope that this software will be useful to people in your community, and we can really use your help to make it better! Please let us know if you find any problems. If you're willing and able, please [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/How to report a bug|report the issue in bugzilla]] in the [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&format=guided "VisualEditor" product]. If you would prefer not, please explain the issue you found on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on mediawiki.org. Once VisualEditor is made available, if there are any urgent problems, like an unexpected bug suddenly causing widespread severe problems, please e-mail James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org for immediate attention. We would also appreciate help with translation with the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. To translate the user interface, start by creating an account at [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3AFirstSteps&type=on TranslateWiki]. Once your account request is approved, all you need to do is select your language from [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc this list]. This will give you a list of individual lines and paragraphs. The English original will be on one side, with the option to “edit” on the other. Pressing “edit” will open an edit window where you can work. The User Guide is another important document. To translate this, simply go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select “translate this page”. Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. If you want to help with translations and would like to talk about how, please leave a message for me on my talk page. Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Mdennis (WMF)|talk]]) 19:36, 19 November 2013 (UTC) == Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? == ''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.'' The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]]. Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. [[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]]. All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository. You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]], this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members. We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 06:47, 16 January 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&oldid=7105580 --> == Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery. You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&oldid=7490703 --> == Amendment to the Terms of Use == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 22:00, 21 February 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7499312 --> == Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]] ''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.'' Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects: *[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers) *[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials) *[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel) '''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! Hope to have your participation, --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 February 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&oldid=7675744 --> == Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing, we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 March 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7592057 --> == Changes to the default site typography coming soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default "Vector" skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: * '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live * '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live This change is very similar to the "Typography Update" Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. For more information: * [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]] * [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions * [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org -- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=7990801 --> == Media Viewer == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, my apologies for writing in English. I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future. Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 May 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> </br> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == Media Viewer is now live on this wiki == <br> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]] Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community, The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already. If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on "Disable Media Viewer" at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]]. Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español]. We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 June 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&oldid=8631315 --> == VisualEditor global newsletter—June 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> This is a <u>one-time mailing</u> to projects that may need this information. Future newsletters will be available as '''opt-in only'''. To receive future newsletters (about one per month), please '''add your page to the subscribers' list at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter]]. You're welcome to translate to your language.''' <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;"></div> <div style="width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;"></div> <br /> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Formatting.png|alt=The character formatting menu|centre|frameless|316x316px]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> The character formatting menu, or "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-style-tooltip}}" menu lets you set bold, italic, and other text styles. "Clear formatting" removes all text styles and removes links to other pages. Do you think that clear formatting should remove links? Are there changes you would like to see for this menu? [[:mw:Thread:VisualEditor/Feedback/Clearing formatting_and_links|Share your opinion at MediaWiki.org]]. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> ''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is mostly working to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.'' * They have moved the "{{int:visualeditor-dialog-command-help-title}}" link out of the "{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}" menu, into the "{{int:visualeditor-help-tool}}" menu. Within dialog boxes, buttons are now more accessible (via the Tab key) from the keyboard. * You can now '''see the target of the link''' when you click on it, without having to open the inspector. * The team also expanded '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal/TemplateData|TemplateData]]''': You can now add a parameter type  "<code>date"</code> for dates and times in the [[w:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] format, and  "<code>boolean"</code> for values which are true or false. Also, templates that redirect to other templates (like <code><nowiki>{{citeweb}}</nowiki></code> → <code><nowiki>{{cite web}}</nowiki></code>) now get the TemplateData of their target ([[bugzilla:50964|bug 50964]]). You can test TemplateData by editing [[:mw:Template:Sandbox/doc]]. * Category: and File: pages now display their contents correctly after saving an edit ([[bugzilla:65349|bug 65349]], [[bugzilla:64239|bug 64239]]) * They have also improved '''reference editing''': You should no longer be able to add empty citations with VisualEditor (bug 64715), as with references. When you edit a reference, you can now empty it and click the "use an existing reference" button to replace it with another reference instead.  * It is now possible to edit '''inline images''' with VisualEditor. Remember that inline images cannot display captions, so existing captions get removed. Many other bugs related to images were also fixed. * You can now add and edit <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>__DISAMBIG__</nowiki></code> in the "{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}" menu, rounding out the full set of page options currently planned. * The tool to insert '''special characters''' is now wider and simpler.</div> === Looking ahead === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The VisualEditor team has posted a draft of their goals for the next fiscal year. You can read them and suggest changes [[:mw:Wikimedia Engineering/2014-15 Goals#Editing|on MediaWiki.org]]. The team posts details about planned work on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor's roadmap]]. You will soon be able to '''drag-and-drop text''' as well as images. If you drag an image to a new place, it won't let you place it in the middle of a paragraph. All dialog boxes and windows will be simplified based on user testing and feedback. The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''autofill features''']]''' for citations'''. <mark>Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.</mark> Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed. The designers are also working on support for '''viewing and editing hidden HTML comments''' and '''adding rows and columns to tables'''. </div> === Supporting your wiki === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Please read [[:mw:VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor/Citation tool]] for information on configuring the new '''citation template menu''', labeled "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}". This menu will not appear unless it has been configured on your wiki. If you speak a language other than English, '''we need your help with translating [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]]'''. The guide is out of date or incomplete for many languages, and what's on your wiki may not be the most recent translation. Please [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Getting_started_with_translations|contact us]] if you need help getting started with translation work on MediaWiki.org. VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects. If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] or file an enhancement request in Bugzilla. Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on '''Saturday, 19 July 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=21&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=07&year=2014 21:00 UTC]''' (daytime for the Americas and Pacific Islands) or on '''Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 9:00 UTC]''' (daytime for Europe, Middle East, Asia). If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] (or at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only). Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:33, 25 June 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter_2&oldid=9006419 --> == Updates related to VisualEditor == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''Please help translate this message in your language. Thanks :) '' Hi, everybody. This is a reminder that we invite you to discuss VisualEditor's recent development and plans ahead during the '''[[:m:IRC office hours|next office hours]]''' with James Forrester (Product Manager): *[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 Thursday, August 14, 9:00 UTC]; *[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=09&year=2014 Thursday, September 18, 16:00 UTC]. If you are not able to attend but have a question for James, you can leave your question [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|at mediawiki.org]] or on my talk page <u>by the day before</u>, and I will try to get a response. We plan to continue these monthly sessions as long as there is community interest, and to announce them through the '''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|VisualEditor global newsletter]]''' as well (please subscribe your talk page there to get the latest news about the software). Most of the VisualEditor team will be at '''[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimania in London]''' in August! You'll be able to meet the developers during the Hackaton or at the following sessions: *[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_%E2%80%94_helping_users_edit_more_easily VisualEditor — helping users edit more easily], Saturday, August 9; *[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds VisualEditor — engineering against the odds], Sunday, August 10. WMF community liaisons will share a booth with community advocates at the Community Village and look forward to talking to you there. Thanks for your attention! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)]] 16:02, 31 July 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=9365654 --> == VisualEditor global newsletter—July and August 2014 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|200px]] ''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is currently working mostly to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.'' [[File:VisualEditor - Link editing inline box.png|thumb|Dialog boxes in VisualEditor have been re-designed to use action words instead of icons. This has increased the number of [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Translate the VisualEditor interface|items that need to be translated]]. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] is also being updated. |alt=Screenshot of VisualEditor's link tool|240px]] The biggest visible change since the last newsletter was to the dialog boxes. '''The design for each dialog box and window was simplified.''' The most commonly needed buttons are now at the top. Based on user feedback, the buttons are now labeled with simple words (like "Cancel" or "Done") instead of potentially confusing icons (like "<" or "X"). Many of the buttons to edit links, images, and other items now also show the linked page, image name, or other useful information when you click on them. * '''Hidden HTML comments''' (notes visible to editors, but not to readers) can now be read, edited, inserted, and removed. A small icon (a white exclamation mark on a dot) marks the location of each comments. You can click on the icon to see the comment. * You can now '''drag and drop text''' and templates as well as images. A new placement line makes it much easier to see where you are dropping the item. Images can no longer be dropped into the middle of paragraphs. * '''All references and footnotes ('''<code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code>''' tags) are now made through the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" menu''', including the "{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-reference-tooltip}}" (manual formatting) footnotes and the ability to re-use an existing citation, both of which were previously accessible only through the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu. The "{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-referencelist-tooltip}}" is still added via the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu. * When you add an image or other media file, you are now prompted to add an '''image caption''' immediately. You can also replace an image whilst keeping the original caption and other settings. * All tablet users visiting the '''mobile web''' version of Wikipedias will be able to opt-in to a version of VisualEditor from 14 August. You can test the new tool by choosing the beta version of the mobile view in the Settings menu. * The '''link tool''' has a new "Open" button that will open a linked page in another tab so you can make sure a link is the right one. * The '''"Cancel" button''' in the toolbar has been removed based on user testing. To cancel any edit, you can leave the page by clicking the Read tab, the back button in your browser, or closing the browser window without saving your changes. </div> === Looking ahead === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The team posts details about planned work on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']]''' for citations''' soon. <mark>Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.</mark> Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed. The designers are also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables'''. Work to support '''Internet Explorer''' is ongoing. </div> === Feedback opportunities === <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The Editing team will be making two presentations this weekend at '''Wikimania''' in London. The first is with product manager James Forrester and developer Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_helping_users_edit_more_easily|Saturday at 16:30]]. The second is with developers Roan Kattouw and Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds|Sunday at 12:30]]. There is a '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Translathon|VisualEditor Translation Sprint]]''' going on during Wikimania; whether you're in London or not, any contributions are welcome! Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|'''VisualEditor feedback page''']] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|'''office hours discussion''']] on Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014 09:00 UTC] (daytime for Europe, Middle East and Asia) or on Thursday, 18 September 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&min=00&sec=0&day=14&month=08&year=2014http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=09&year=2014 16:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Europe). If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only or at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] for any project. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 14:40, 9 August 2014 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=9366342 --> == Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions == The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, "superprotect" status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it. If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org. * [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]] * [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org] -- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 August 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JurgenNL@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Process ideas for software development == <div class=”mw-content-ltr”> ’’My apologies for writing in English.’’ Hello, I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects? We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well. I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta. Kind regards, -- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 August 2014 (UTC) <small>--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=9313374 --> == Grants to improve your project == :''Apologies for English. Please help translate this message.'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you. *'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 2 September 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=9730503 --> == VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]] VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update. Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on. If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org. Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 September 2014 (UTC). PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor. </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/All_Wikipedias&oldid=9829651 --> == VisualEditor News #8—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:TemplateData GUI editor with two parameters.png|alt=|centre|frameless|230x230px]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> TemplateData is a separate program that organizes information about the parameters that can be used in a template. VisualEditor reads that data, and uses it to populate its simplified template dialogs. With the new TemplateData editor, it is easier to add information about parameters, because the ones you need to use are pre-loaded. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] for more information about adding TemplateData. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing]] team has reduced technical debt, simplified some workflows for template and citation editing, made major progress on Internet Explorer support, and fixed [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=349619&order=priority%252Cbug_severity&product=VisualEditor&query_format=advanced&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-14&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-21&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-28&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-04&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-11&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-18&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-25&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-02 over 125 bugs and requests]. Several performance improvements were made, especially to the system around re-using references and reference lists. Weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. There were three issues that required urgent fixes: a deployment error that meant that many buttons didn't work correctly (bugs [[bugzilla:69856|69856]] and [[bugzilla:69864|69864]]), a problem with edit conflicts that left the editor with nowhere to go ([[bugzilla:69150|bug 69150]]), and a problem in Internet Explorer 11 that replaced some categories with a link to the system message [[MediaWiki:Badtitletext]] ([[bugzilla:70894|bug 70894]]) when you saved. The developers apologize for the disruption, and thank the people who reported these problems quickly. === Increased support for devices and browsers === '''Internet Explorer 10 and 11 users now have access to VisualEditor'''. This means that about 5% of Wikimedia's users will now get an "Edit" tab alongside the existing "Edit source" tab. Support for Internet Explorer 9 is planned for the future. '''Tablet users''' browsing the site's mobile mode now have the option of using a mobile-specific form of VisualEditor. More editing tools, and availability of VisualEditor on smartphones, is planned for the future. The '''mobile version of VisualEditor''' was tweaked to show the context menu for citations instead of basic references ([[bugzilla:68897|bug 68897]]). A bug that broke the editor in iOS was corrected and released early ([[bugzilla:68949|bug 68949]]). For mobile tablet users, three bugs related to scrolling were fixed ([[bugzilla:66697|bug 66697]], [[bugzilla:68828|bug 68828]], [[bugzilla:69630|bug 69630]]). You can use VisualEditor on the mobile version of Wikipedia from your tablet by clicking on the cog in the top-right when editing a page and choosing which editor to use. === TemplateData editor === '''The tool for editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to 30 more Wikipedias this week.''' Other Wikipedias and some other projects may receive access next month. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template page or a subpage, and then click the "{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}" button at the top. Read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]]. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template. === Other changes === Several interface '''messages and labels were changed''' to be simpler, clearer, or shorter, based on feedback from translators and editors. The formatting of dialogs was changed, and more changes to the appearance will be coming soon, when VisualEditor implements the new MediaWiki theme from Design. (A preview of the theme is [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|available on Labs]] for developers.) The team also made some improvements for users of the '''Monobook''' skin that improved the size of text in toolbars and fixed selections that overlapped menus. VisualEditor-MediaWiki now supplies the <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">mw-redirect</code> and <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">mw-disambig</code> class on '''links to redirects and disambiguation pages''', so that user gadgets that colour in these types of links can be created. '''Templates' fields can be marked as '<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">required</code>' '''in TemplateData. If a parameter is marked as required, then you cannot delete that field when you add a new template or edit an existing one ([[bugzilla:60358|bug 60358]]). Language support improved by making annotations use bi-directional isolation (so they display correctly with cursoring behaviour as expected) and by fixing a bug that crashed VisualEditor when trying to edit a page with a <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">dir</code> attribute but no <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">lang</code> set ([[bugzilla:69955|bug 69955]]). === Looking ahead === The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon, perhaps in late October. The team is also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables''', and early work for this may appear within the month. <mark>Please comment on the design [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Table editor#Design Workflow for comments|at Mediawiki.org]].</mark> In the future, real-time collaborative editing may be possible in VisualEditor. Some early preparatory work for this was recently done. === Supporting your wiki === At Wikimania, several developers gave presentations about VisualEditor. A translation sprint focused on improving access to VisualEditor was supported by many people. '''Deryck Chan''' was the top translator. Special honors also go to '''संजीव कुमार (Sanjeev Kumar)''', '''Robby''', '''Takot''', '''Bachounda''', '''Bjankuloski06''' and '''Ата'''. A [[mw:VisualEditor/Translathon#Highlights from the Translathon|summary]] of the work achieved by the translation community is available. Thank you all for your work. This was the first translatable VisualEditor newsletter, so thanks to everybody who made this possible! If it hasn't been delivered in your language, and you'd like to help with translations in the future, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span>, so that you will be notified when the next issue is due. VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects. If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]</span> or file an [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&component=General enhancement request in Bugzilla]. Please join the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on Saturday, 18 October 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&min=00&sec=0&day=18&month=10&year=2014 18:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Africa and Europe) and on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&iso=20141119T16&p1=1440 16:00 UTC] on [[:w:IRC|IRC]]. ''Give feedback on VisualEditor at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]] Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!'' —<span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 09:49, 13 October 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=10123380 --> == Meta RfCs on two new global groups == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello all, There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]]. We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated. It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]]. Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:05, 26 October 2014 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ajraddatz@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=10024331 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for: *'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias: **[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] **[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles *'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 November 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=9909230 --> == Global AbuseFilter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]". Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on "[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]" as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]]. Thanks, [[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]</div> — 17:36, 14 November 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Glaisher@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_AbuseFilter/2014_announcement_distribution_list&oldid=10495115 --> == VisualEditor News #9—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - moble tablet switching.png|alt=Screenshot on an iPad, showing how to switch from one editor to the other|centre|frameless|230x230px]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> VisualEditor is also available on the mobile version of Wikipedia. Log in and click the pencil icon to open the page you want to edit. Click on the gear-shaped settings button in the upper-right corner to pick which editor to use. Choose "{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-visual-editor}}" to use VisualEditor, or "{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-source-editor}}" to use the wikitext editor. It will remember whether you used wikitext or VisualEditor, and use the same editor the next time you edit an article. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. Not all features are available on the mobile website. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=355757&product=VisualEditor&query_format=advanced&resolution=FIXED&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-09&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-16&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-23%20%281.25wmf5%29&target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-29%20%281.25wmf6%29 bugs and requests], and worked on support for editing tables and for using non-Latin languages. Their weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. Informal notes from the recent quarterly review were posted [[m:WMF_Metrics_and_activities_meetings/Quarterly_reviews/Editing/October_2014|on Meta]]. === Recent improvements === Basic support for '''inserting tables''' and changing the number of rows and columns in them was just introduced to Wikipedias. Advanced features, like dragging columns to different places, will be added later. To help editors find the most important items more quickly, some items in the toolbar menus are now hidden behind '''a "{{int:Ooui-toolbar-more}}" item''', such as "{{int:Visualeditor-annotationbutton-underline-tooltip}}" in the styling menu. The French Wikipedia should see '''better search results''' for links, templates, and media because the [[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch|new search engine]] was turned on for everyone there. This change is expected at the Chinese and German Wikipedias this week, and the following week at the English Wikipedia. The "pawn" system has been mostly replaced. Bugs in this system sometimes added a chess pawn character to wikitext. The replacement provides better support for '''non-Latin languages''', with full support hopefully coming soon. VisualEditor is now provided to editors who use '''Internet Explorer''' 10 or 11 on desktop and mobile devices. Internet Explorer 9 is not supported yet. The '''keyboard shortcuts''' for items in the toolbar menus are now shown in the menus. VisualEditor will replace the existing design with a '''new theme''' from the [[mw:Design|User Experience/Design group]]. The appearance of dialog boxes has already changed in the mobile version. The appearance on desktops will change soon. You are welcome to compare [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old "Apex" design]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new "MediaWiki" theme]] which will replace it. Several bugs were fixed for internal and external links. Improvements to MediaWiki's search solved an annoying problem: If you searched for the full name of the page or file that you wanted to link, sometimes the search engine could not find the page. A link inside a template to a local page that does not exist will now show red, exactly as it does when reading the page. Due to an error, for about two weeks this also affected all external links inside templates. Opening an auto-numbered link node like [http://example.com] with the keyboard used to open the wrong link tool. These problems have all been fixed. === TemplateData === '''The tool for quickly editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on Thursday, 6 November.''' This tool was already available on the biggest 40 Wikipedias, and now all wikis will have access to it. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template or a subpage, and then click the "{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}" button at the top. Read [[mw:Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] to learn more about it. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template. You can use the '''new autovalue setting''' to pre-load a value into a template. This can be used to substitute dates, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=632356794&oldid=632356402 this example], or to add the most common value for that parameter. The autovalue can be overridden by the editor, by typing something else in the field. In TemplateData, you may '''define a parameter as "required"'''. The template dialog box in VisualEditor will warn editors if they leave a "required" parameter empty, and they will not be able to delete that parameter. If the template can function without this parameter, then please mark it as "{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-suggested}}" or "{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-optional}}" in TemplateData instead. === Looking ahead === The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon. The appearance of the media search dialog will improve, to make picking between possible images easier and more visual. The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] is being updated to add information about editing tables. The translations of the user guide for most languages except Spanish, French, and Dutch are significantly out of date. '''Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&action=page&filter= complete the current translations]''' for users who speak your language. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Whatamidoing_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new Talk to us] if you need help exporting the translated guide to your wiki. '''You can influence VisualEditor's design'''! Tell the VisualEditor team what you want changed during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next sessions are on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&iso=20141119T16&p1=1440 16:00 UTC] and on Wednesday 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&min=00&sec=0&day=7&month=1&year=2015 22:00 UTC]. You can also share your ideas at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]] Also, '''user experience researcher''' [[:mw:User:ARipstra (WMF)|Abbey Ripstra]] is looking for editors to show her how they edit Wikipedia. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for the research program] if you would like to hear about opportunities. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you! —<span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 23:29, 14 November 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&oldid=10491257 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books *[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals *[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs *[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 December 2014 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10542996 --> == VisualEditor News #10—2014 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}width:230px;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] [[File:VisualEditor table editing add and remove columns.png|230x230px|center|frameless|alt=Screenshot showing how to add or remove columns from a table]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size:90%;"> Basic table editing is now available in VisualEditor. You can add and remove rows and columns from tables at the click of a button. [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div> </div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on table editing and performance. Their weekly status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. '''VisualEditor was deployed to several hundred remaining wikis''' as an opt-in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] at the end of November, except for most Wiktionaries (which depend heavily upon templates) and all Wikisources (which await integration with [[mw:Extension:Proofread Page|ProofreadPage]]). === Recent improvements === Basic support for '''editing tables''' is now available. You can add and delete tables, add and remove rows and columns, set or remove a caption for a table, and merge cells together. To change the contents of a cell, double-click inside it. More features will be added in the coming months. In addition, VisualEditor now ignores broken, invalid <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">rowspan</code> and <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">colspan</code> elements, instead of trying to repair them. You can now use '''find and replace''' in VisualEditor, reachable through the tool menu or by pressing <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">^ Ctrl</code></kbd>+<kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">F</code></kbd> or <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">⌘ Cmd</code></kbd>+<kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">F</code></kbd>. You can now create and edit simple <code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki><blockquote></nowiki></code> paragraphs for quoting and indenting content. This changes a "{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-paragraph}}" into a "{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-blockquote}}". Some '''new keyboard sequences''' can be used to format content. At the start of the line, typing "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">* </code>" will make the line a bullet list; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">1.</code>" or "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">#</code>" will make it a numbered list; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">==</code>" will make it a section heading; "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">: </code>" will make it a blockquote. If you didn't mean to use these tools, you can press undo to undo the formatting change. There are also two other keyboard sequences: "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code>" for opening the link tool, and "<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code>" for opening the template tool, to help experienced editors. The existing standard keyboard shortcuts, like <kbd><code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">^ Ctrl</code></kbd>+<code class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">K</code> to open the link editor, still work. If you add a category that has been redirected, then VisualEditor now adds its target. Categories without description pages show up as red. You can again create and edit '''galleries''' as wikitext code. === Looking ahead === The current VisualEditor design will be replaced with a '''new theme''' designed by the [[mw:Design|User Experience group]]. The new theme will be visible for desktop systems at mediawiki.org in late December and on other sites in early January. (You can see a developer preview of [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old "Apex" theme]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new "MediaWiki" one]] which will replace it.) The Editing team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' in January. Planned changes to the media search dialog will make choosing between possible images easier. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. * Translations of the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] for most languages are outdated. Only Ukrainian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Dutch translations are nearly current. Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete the current translations] for users who speak your language. * Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Wednesday, 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&min=00&sec=0&day=7&month=1&year=2015 22:00 UTC]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 18:59, 26 December 2014 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10823356 --> == VisualEditor News #1—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]] Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appearance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]]. The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor ready for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. <mark>There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). </mark> Tell Vice President of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other team members which bugs and features are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor ready for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. Due to some breaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in early January. The teams apologize for the problem. === Recent improvements === The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design team. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been released, and these also affect the appearance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action: * starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: <span style="background-color: #015ccc; color:white"> blue </span>, * takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation: <span style="background-color: #008c6d; color:white"> green </span>, * might remove or lose your work, like removing a link: <span style="background-color: #a7170f; color:white"> red </span>, or * is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window: <span style="color: 757575"> gray </span>. The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) '''Search and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].) Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the "Article Incubator" or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. === Looking ahead === The Editing team will soon add '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for each website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections. We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you speak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Please contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. === Let's work together === *Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. *Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&language=&action=page&filter= complete translations of the user guide] for users who speak your language. *Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&p1=224&ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to learn more about this initiative. *Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=19&month=2&year=2015 19:00 UTC]. *Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 18:30, 5 February 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=10839689 --> == [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]] Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment! Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:33, 1 March 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11428885 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals *[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature *[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 March 2015 (UTC) :''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=10785744 --> == Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content == This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31. All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge! :*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]] ''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:02, 4 March 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=11457822 --> == SUL finalization update == <div class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 March 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/Everyone_but_meta_and_de&oldid=11538208 --> == Stewards confirmation rules == Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know & be able to participate. Best regards, --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]</small> 16:13, 10 April 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MF-Warburg@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11737694 --> == VisualEditor News #2—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source: [[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]] Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results. Click the green "Insert" button to accept its results and add them to the article: [[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]] After inserting the citation, you can change it. Select the reference, and click the "Edit" button in the context menu to make changes. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&p1=224&am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC). You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. === Recent improvements === VisualEditor is now substantially faster. In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%. The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias. The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website. Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates. If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki. The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users. After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March. This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese. These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] ("IMEs”). Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users. The design for the image selection process is now using a "masonry fit" model. Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|"packed" mode in image galleries]]. This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images. You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page. The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the "context menu". It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename. The team has also added an explicit "Edit" button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item. '''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings. Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734]) === Looking ahead === The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors. The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666]) === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * Can you translate from English into any other language? Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&x=D&group=ext-visualeditor-ve&suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language. [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * File requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div> 19:48, 10 April 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=11742174 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] == ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]] Greetings, I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process. This year, elections are being held for the following roles: ''Board of Trustees''<br/> The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''<br/> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''<br/> The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=11918510 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled. The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12082785 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences (200 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]''' — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 May 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12114173 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] == [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]] ''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting. The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> -Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])<br/> Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]] ''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12206621 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <small>Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.</small><br /> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then "Pywikipediabot") was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as "rewrite", now called "core") was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core. If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem. There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break. Thank you,<br /> The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12271740 --> == Content Translation beta-feature is now available == Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. To start translating: # Please enable the Beta feature in your preferences and check the box for Content Translation. # Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. # Click on the blue button to create a new translation. # A dialog will be displayed. In the From section select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on Translate to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. # You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The left column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the right column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc. # After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia by using the publish button that appears. In case the article gets created by another user while you were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace. # The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101669 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read the information available in the [[:mw:Content_translation/Documentation/User_guide|User Guide]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would really appreciate if this message can be translated to reach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. --[[User:Runab WMF|Runab WMF]] ([[User talk:Runab WMF|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2015 (UTC) == VisualEditor News #3—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> The link tool has been re-designed: <br><br> [[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]] <br> There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages. [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design. Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase. During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not. The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits. Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''. Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May. All citations are now created inside a single tool. Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}). The cite button is now labeled with the word "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}" rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, "{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}", for the submit button. The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing. It now has two separate sections: one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages. Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector. ([[phab:T98085|T98085]]) The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor. Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list. Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]]. Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]]) Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''. When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on "{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}" each time they want to add another parameter. ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', "{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}", for template parameters. This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]]) The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme. In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars. Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled. The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''. If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug. * If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. * If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. *The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related "translathon" for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! — <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]</span> </div>10:44, 13 June 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12206605 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor & Francis]]''' — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts & Humanities and Biological, Environment & Earth Sciences. (30 accounts) *'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]''' — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present. (100 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts) '''New French-Language Branch!''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts). * '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) — Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts). * '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials (1000 accounts). Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC) :''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=12455967 --> == HTTPS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. Hi everyone. Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals. [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified. Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions. /[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]] </div> 22:01, 19 June 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&oldid=12471979 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]] [[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]] There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side) This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) & [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:37, 24 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12485605 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:42, 31 July 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == What does a Healthy Community look like to you? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]] Hi, <br> The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community. Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship! Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]] === Why get involved? === '''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn? <br/> Share your views on this matter that affects us all! <br> '''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' === More information === * All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. * <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"> All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at <nowiki>23:59</nowiki> UTC''' </span> * <big> Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' </big> * URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign * Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org <br> Happy editing! <br> <br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:59, 1 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=12909005 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12. We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]]. A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how. How to use it, once it is enabled: * Parser function: <nowiki>{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}</nowiki> to get the capital from the item about Germany * Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]] Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12981073 --> == Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> (Sorry for writing in English) Hi everyone, As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier. Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 August 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&oldid=12983468 --> == VisualEditor News #4—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click. Select the relevant text. Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> Click the button. VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices. === Wikimania === The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">जनक राज भट्ट</span> (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''. For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%). For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%'''). There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%). [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia. The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]]. So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool. To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]]. Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete. VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software. === Future changes === The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link. When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box. If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link. If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not. This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not. On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term. New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting. You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]]. The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice between the two editing environments. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help. * If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. * Please file requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div> —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:28, 14 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12980645 --> == VisualEditor News #4—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click. Select the relevant text. Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> Click the button. VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.<br><br> [[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]] <br> You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices. === Wikimania === The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''<span lang="ne" dir="ltr">जनक राज भट्ट</span> (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''. For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%). For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%'''). There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%). [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative. === Recent improvements === '''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia. The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]]. So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool. To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]]. Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete. VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software. === Future changes === The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link. When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box. If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link. If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not. This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not. On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors. A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term. New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting. You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]]. The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice between the two editing environments. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help. * If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change. * Please file requests for language-appropriate "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}" and "{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}" icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. * The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. * The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC). Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div> —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:05, 15 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=12980645 --> == How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Hello, The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project. Ways to participate: *Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]]. *Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]]. *Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]]. Feedback is welcome in any language. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> 23:08, 18 August 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13196071 --> == Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site == Hi all, We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission. Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/ Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog]. Thanks, [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 September 2015 (UTC) ''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])'' <!-- Message sent by User:Slaporte (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Slaporte_(WMF)/Announcing_public_policy_site&oldid=13439030 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 September 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == Open call for Individual Engagement Grants == ''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.'' Greetings! The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] Thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:56, 4 September 2015 (UTC) ([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) <small>This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].</small> <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13476366 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete * '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access "clipping" feature (1000 accounts) * '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development (50 accounts) * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' - one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) * '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts) *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]''' - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors) Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC) :''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=13664781 --> == Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! == (Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.) '''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline. If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] *[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] *[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:02, 22 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=13754911 --> == Reimagining WMF grants report == ''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)'' Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated! '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes| A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available. Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]]. With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:56, 28 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&oldid=13850666 --> == VisualEditor News #5—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> You can use the visual editor on smartphones and tablets.<br><br>[[File:Switching edit modes to VisualEditor on Mobile web.png|alt=Screenshot showing the menu for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]<br> Click the pencil icon to open the editor for a page. Inside that, use the gear menu in the upper right corner to "{{int:mobile-frontend-editor-switch-visual-editor}}". The editing button will remember which editing environment you used last time, and give you the same one next time. The desktop site will be switching to a system similar to this one in the coming months. <br><br>You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs, added new features, and made some small design changes. They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages like Japanese and Arabic, making it easier to edit on mobile devices, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading. === Recent improvements === '''Educational features:''' The first time ever you use the visual editor, it now draws your attention to the {{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-link-tooltip}} and {{Int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}} tools. When you click on the tools, it explains why you should use them. ([[Phab:T108620|T108620]]) Alongside this, the welcome message for new users has been simplified to make editing more welcoming. ([[Phab:T112354|T112354]]) More in-software educational features are planned. '''Links:''' It is now easier to understand when you are adding text to a link and when you are typing plain text next to it. ([[Phab:T74108|T74108]], [[Phab:T91285|T91285]]) The editor now fully supports ISBN, PMID or RFC numbers. ([[Phab:T109498|T109498]], [[Phab:T110347|T110347]], [[Phab:T63558|T63558]]) These [[:en:Help:Magic_links|"magic links"]] use a custom link editing tool. '''Uploads:''' Registered editors can now '''upload images''' and other media to Commons while editing. Click the new tab in the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}} {{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-media-tooltip}}" tool. You will be guided through the process without having to leave your edit. At the end, the image will be inserted. This tool is limited to one file at a time, owned by the user, and licensed under Commons's standard license. For more complex situations, the tool links to more advanced upload tools. You can also drag the image into the editor. This will be available in the wikitext editor later. '''Mobile:''' Previously, the visual editor was available on the mobile Wikipedia site only on tablets. Now, editors can use it on all devices regardless of size if they wish. ([[Phab:T85630|T85630]]) Edit conflicts were previously broken on the mobile website. Edit conflicts can now be resolved in both wikitext and visual editors. ([[Phab:T111894|T111894]]) Sometimes templates and similar items could not be deleted on the mobile website. Selecting them caused the on-screen keyboard to hide with some browsers. Now there is a new "{{int:Visualeditor-contextitemwidget-label-remove}}" button, so that these things can be removed if the keyboard hides. ([[Phab:T62110|T62110]]) You can also edit table cells in mobile now. '''Rich editing tools:''' You can now add and edit '''sheet''' '''music''' in the visual editor. ([[Phab:T112925|T112925]]) There are separate tabs for advanced options, such as MIDI and Ogg audio files. ([[Phab:T114227|T114227]], [[Phab:T113354|T113354]]) When editing '''formulæ''' and other blocks, errors are shown as you edit. It is also possible to edit some types of '''graphs'''; adding new ones, and support for new types, will be coming. On the '''English Wikipedia''', the visual editor is now automatically available to anyone who creates an account. The preference switch was moved to the normal location, under [[Special:Preferences]]. === Future changes === You will soon be able to '''switch from the wikitext to the visual editor''' after you start editing. ([[phab:T49779|T49779]]) Previously, you could only switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor. Bi-directional switching will make possible a '''single edit tab.''' ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) This project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab, similar to the system already used on the mobile website. The "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. === Let's work together === * Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]]. This feedback page uses [[mw:Flow|Flow]] for discussions. * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]). * Local admins can [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]. If you need help, then please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki. * The weekly task triage meetings are open to volunteers. Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration, though. Instead, go to Phabricator and "associate" the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you! </div>—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 18:18, 30 October 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=14334116 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome. The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on. For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist. While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23. We're looking forward to hearing your ideas! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Community Tech Team via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:57, 9 November 2015 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14554458 --> == Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details. If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as "ambassador"''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members. [[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:48, 10 November 2015 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14347818 --> == Harassment consultation == {{int:Please-translate}} The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.) ::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]] :Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]] <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&oldid=14684364 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] == ''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.'' Hi everyone, This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki. As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators. We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community. Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible. (Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.) Thank you for your participation! ''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]] <!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=14758733 --> == Community Wishlist Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome. We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted. Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the <nowiki>{{Support}}</nowiki> tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14. The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think! Community Tech via </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:39, 1 December 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&oldid=14913494 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts * [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish) * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles * [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC) :''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=14689842 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.'' [[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]] As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday! People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts. Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas: * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility. * '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message! Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed. If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]]. Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!<br /> -The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team ''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 December 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15158198 --> == VisualEditor News #6—2015 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button. Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing. [[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]<br> If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: <br><br>[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]] The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. <br><br>You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading. === Recent improvements === You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing. The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code. You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols. === Future changes === The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab, like the system already used on the mobile website. ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]]) Initially, the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors. Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about "{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}". The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016: [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. The developers would like to know how well it works. Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using. In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]]) === Testing opportunities === * Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org]. You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences. <mark>Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]</mark> (type "single edit tab" in the question about other areas you're interested in). The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome. The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are: ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}, ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and ** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}. (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor. None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.) * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?</mark> Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]). If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:06, 25 December 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15165847 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! == :{{int:Please-translate}} A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th. To apply, visit the page below: :*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships] [[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15209973 --> == 2016 WMF Strategy consultation == :{{int:Please-translate}} Hello, all. The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.) Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]]. Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :) If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org. I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:07, 18 January 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&oldid=15253743 --> == Kinyarwanda is missing == Kinyarwanda is missing from this page:<br /> https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language<br /> More than 100 languages are now listed.<br /> Thank you, [[User:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[User talk:Varlaam|talk]]) 00:21, 31 January 2016 (UTC) == VisualEditor News #1—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/February|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Among experienced editors, the visual editor's table editing is one of the most popular features. [[File:VisualEditor table menu move column.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up menu for column operations in a table|centre|frameless|230x230px]] If you select the top of a column or the end of a row, you can quickly insert and remove columns and rows. Now, you can also rearrange columns and rows. Click "Move before" or "Move after" to swap the column or row with its neighbor. You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Indic, and Han scripts, and improving the single edit tab interface. === Recent changes === You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing. This function is available to nearly all editors at most wikis except the Wiktionaries and Wikisources. Many local '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor have been redirected to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. You can now re-arrange columns and rows in '''tables''', as well as copying a row, column or any other selection of cells and pasting it in a new location. The '''formula editor''' has two options: you can choose "Quick edit" to see and change only the LaTeX code, or "Edit" to use the full tool. The full tool offers immediate preview and an extensive list of symbols. === Future changes === The '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' project will combine the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab. This is similar to the system already used on the mobile website. ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) Initially, the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. Your last editing choice will be stored as an account preference for logged-in editors, and as a cookie for logged-out users. Logged-in editors will have these options in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]]: * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}, * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and * {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}. (This is the state for people using the visual editor now.) The visual editor uses the same search engine as [[Special:Search]] to find links and files. This search will get better at detecting typos and spelling mistakes soon. These improvements to search will appear in the visual editor as well. The visual editor will be offered to all editors at most [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next few months. This will affect the following languages, amongst others: [[:w:ja: |'''Japanese''']], [[:w:ko:|'''Korean''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']]. === Let's work together === * Please try out the newest version of the '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' on [[test2wiki:Special:Random|test2.wikipedia.org]]. You may need to restore the default preferences (at the bottom of [[test2wiki:Special:Preferences]]) to see the initial prompt for options. Were you able to find a preference setting that will work for your own editing? Did you see [[:c:File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|the large preferences dialog box]] when you started editing an article there? * <mark>Can you read and type in Korean, Arabic, Japanese, Indic, or Han scripts?</mark> Does typing in these languages feels natural in the visual editor? Language engineer [[:mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs to know. Please see the instructions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test]] if you can help. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. * Learn how to improve the "automagical" [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language! Join the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2016-February/084840.html Tech Talk about "Automated citations in Wikipedia: Citoid and the technology behind it"] with Sebastian Karcher on 29 February 2016. If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 19:21, 26 February 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15385167 --> == Completion suggestor == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> == Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March== Hello! {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos. Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language. To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.</div> - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 March 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&oldid=15420104 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}'' Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from: * '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts. * '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. '''Non-English''' *'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts. *'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts. '''Expansions''' *'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts. *'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts. Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 March 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].'' :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15424370 --> == Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]] With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 March 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15490024 --> == Server switch 2016 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas. This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.<br/> On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT). If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April. No non-essential code deployments will take place. This test was originally planned to take place on March 22. April 19th and 21st are the new dates. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. They will post any changes on that schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 21:08, 17 April 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&oldid=15533827 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]]. This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 April 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun == Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 June 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Compact Links coming soon to this wiki == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki, which you may already seen in the latest issue of [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the coming week for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]]. Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 14:01, 24 June 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15721303 --> == Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today == {{int:Please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]] [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]]. From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -> Appearance -> Languages'' The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English). Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-04:21, 28 June 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&oldid=15728024 --> == Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content! Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 July 2016 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=15542536 --> == Editing News #2—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/June|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> It's quick and easy to insert a references list. [[File:VisualEditor References List Insert Menu-en.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with many items|center|frameless|150px]] Place the cursor where you want to display the references list (usually at the bottom of the page). Open the "{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}" menu and click the "{{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}" icon (three books). If you are using several groups of references, which is relatively rare, you will have the opportunity to specify the group. If you do that, then only the references that belong to the specified group will be displayed in this list of references. Finally, click "{{int:visualeditor-dialog-action-insert}}" in the dialog to insert the {{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}. This list will change as you add more footnotes to the page. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Arabic and Indic scripts, and adapting the visual editor to the needs of the Wikivoyages and Wikisources. === Recent changes === The visual editor is now available to all users at most [[Wikivoyage:|Wikivoyages]]. It was also enabled for all contributors at the French Wikinews. The '''[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' feature combines the "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" and "{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}" tabs into a single "{{int:vector-view-edit}}" tab. It has been deployed to several Wikipedias, including Hungarian, Polish, English and Japanese Wikipedias, as well as to all Wikivoyages. At these wikis, you can change your settings for this feature in the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. The team is now reviewing the feedback and considering ways to improve the design before rolling it out to more people. === Future changes === The "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[M:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next few months. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including: [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']] and others. The team is working with the volunteer developers who power Wikisource to provide the visual editor there, for opt-in testing right now and eventually for all users. ([[phab:T138966|T138966]]) The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. It will look like the visual editor, and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices around September 2016. You can read about this project in a [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> * Learn how to improve the "automagical" [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[w:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language! Watch the [[Mw:Citoid/Zotero's Tech Talk|Tech Talk by Sebastian Karcher]] for more information. If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]], 17:20, 3 July 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15741003 --> == Open call for Project Grants == [[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]] {{int:Please-translate}}: :Greetings! The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers. :Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space. :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab :*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session :*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] :Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]] :With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:25, 5 July 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15504704 --> == Save/Publish == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” will be used when you create a new page. “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens. If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishpage “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Publishchanges “'''<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>'''”]. The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&namespace=8&message=Savearticle “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “<bdi>{{int:Savearticle}}</bdi>” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem. Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishpage}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{int:Publishchanges}}</nowiki></code> to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “<bdi>{{int:Publishpage}}</bdi>” and “<bdi>{{int:Publishchanges}}</bdi>”. Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested. </div> [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 August 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15790914 --> == New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:38, 30 August 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15804509 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 September 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=15903627 --> == Grants to improve your project == ''{{int:Please-translate}}:'' Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit before the October 11 deadline. If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today! Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well. Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request. *'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]''' *'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] *'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]] [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:10, 30 September 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&oldid=15939807 --> == Creative Commons 4.0 == Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]. ''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:34, 6 October 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=15962252 --> == Editing News #3—2016 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]] Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move. Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown). Choose either "Move before" or "Move after" to move the column, or "Move above" or "Move below" to move the row. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor. They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support. === Recent changes === *You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] *Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon. Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861] A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089] *Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page. If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267] *At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages. Go to the Insert menu and choose the "Maps" item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps] *The "Save" button now says "Save page" when you create a page, and "Save changes" when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033] In the future, the "{{int:Savearticle}}" button will say "{{int:Publishpage}}". This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems. More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]]. *Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing. You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image. Use the "Options" tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037] === Future changes === The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|"Phase 6" Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']]. The team is working on a modern wikitext editor. The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools. This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016. You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. === Let's work together === * Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates? <mark>Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor? Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].</mark> *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 17:49, 15 October 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=15960088 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: *'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy *'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities *'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals *'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals *'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics '''Expansions''' *'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added *'''[[:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence & Security Studies collection Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today! <br>--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 November 2016 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=15939318 --> == Password reset == ''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]'' We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords. Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue. In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords. Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:59, 13 November 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == Adding to the above section (Password reset) == Please accept my apologies - that first line should read "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&language=&action=page&filter= Help with translations!]". [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 November 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&oldid=16060701 --> == New way to edit wikitext == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]]. We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it. Consequently, we've planned a "wikitext mode" for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext. All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to "{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}". The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do. This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]]. You may write comments in any language. Thank you. </div> [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 December 2016 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=15942009 --> == Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard. The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far: * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016) ** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016) ** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017) ** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017 * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017) ** Introduction of williamsworks * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017) ** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland * [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017) ** Tracks A & B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 February 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16297862 --> == Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page. Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017) ** Development of documentation for Tracks A & B * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017) ** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017) ** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]]. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 March 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16350625 --> == We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> : ''This message, "[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]", was sent through multiple channels by [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians: Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation. There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]]. This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years? We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]] Sincerely, Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), & the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]</div></div> 05:09, 18 March 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16453957 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]] On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21. The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members. The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' * April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period''' * April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions''' * May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period''' * May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking''' * May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal''' In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles: * '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''' ** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]]. * '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)''' ** One position is being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 April 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16441214 --> == Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test. This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''. On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div>[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:33, 11 April 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16545942 --> == Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android. While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results. We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism. We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities. As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks! -[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 April 2017 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&oldid=16580284 --> == New Page previews feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> New Page previews feature [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} Hello, The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017. A quick note on the implementation: * For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page. * For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview. * For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. Thank you, [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 April 2017 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&oldid=16616381 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from: * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's'' * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences * '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine '''Expansions''' * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added * '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor & Francis|Taylor & Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 May 2017 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=16557812 --> == [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.'' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons. The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. On behalf of the Elections Committee,<br/> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br/> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]</div> 19:14, 3 May 2017 (UTC)'' <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16683836 --> == Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16712264 --> == Editing News #1—2017 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can review your changes visually? [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose "{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}". In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]] The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool. === Recent changes === *A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices. The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. * A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode. You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. More features will be added to this later. In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350] * The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] * You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356] * The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417] * The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the "hamburger" icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a "Templates used on this page" feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009] * You can now create <code><nowiki><chem></nowiki></code> tags (sometimes used as <code><nowiki><ce></nowiki></code>) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365] * Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989] * The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) . The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626] * A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page. This has been fixed. The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217] * There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations: <code>Control</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a PC, or <code>Command</code>+<code>Shift</code>+<code>K</code> on a Mac. It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is <code>Control</code>+<code>K</code> or <code>Command</code>+<code>K</code> respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299] === Future changes === * The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool. It will highlight matching pairs of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags and other types of wikitext syntax. You will be able to turn it on and off. It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] * The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors. The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]]. The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read. The labels will remain the same. You can test the new button by editing a page and adding <code>&ooui=1</code> to the end of the URL, like this: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&ooui=1 The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849] * The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year. It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors. See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 18:05, 12 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=16160401 --> == Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia == Hello, I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary. One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites. The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature. We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes. You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding. Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&oldid=16766491 --> == RevisionSlider == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. </div> [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=16715712 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]'' [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]] The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts. You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you. Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]] On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate. ''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''</div> 21:08, 16 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16773425 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].'' On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]]. ''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''<br /> The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees, and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. '''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).''' '''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to. The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments. The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. * May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations''' * May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period''' * May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions''' * June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period''' * June 12–14 – '''Vote checking''' * June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results''' More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]]. Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, <tt dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5">board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org</tt>. On behalf of the Election Committee,<br /> [[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]<br /> [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation ''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''</div> 21:05, 23 May 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=16804695 --> == Accessible editing buttons == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface. The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets. You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&ooui=1 new] versions now. Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors. <gallery mode="nolines" caption="Comparison of old and new styles" heights="240" widths="572"> File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change </gallery> However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets. Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system. <mark>If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts. Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.</mark> This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''. Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.</div> [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:22, 10 July 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16980876 --> == Page Previews (Hovercards) update == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello, A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months. We are finally ready to deploy the feature. Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. Thank you again. </div>[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:32, 20 July 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&oldid=17019707 --> == RfC regarding "Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation" == There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding "[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]" Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 September 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&oldid=17234819 --> == Discussion on synced reading lists == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Discussion on synced reading lists''' Hello, [[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way. To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones). This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. === Background === In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow "syncing" of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a "must have" for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow. Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future. === Why not watchlists === Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways: * Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes. * Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. ** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints. * By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki. * Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term. [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. Thank you </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 September 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=16981815 --> == Changes to the global ban policy == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) 00:34, 12 November 2017 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17241561 --> == New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers''' The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]]. Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback. The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued. For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens. The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 November 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&oldid=17448927 --> == Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships == Hi all, We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.''' Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]]. To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply''' It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages! Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 December 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17300722 --> == User group for Military Historians == Greetings, "Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 December 2017 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&oldid=17565441 --> == Editing News #1—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?'''<div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page? [[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]] Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff. This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence. If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for "{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}", you will have a new option. It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page. This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit. [[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]] Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs. In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted. Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side. [[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article. Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]] This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff. The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor. </div></div> Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]]. Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool. ===Recent changes=== *The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices. It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools. The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments. They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing. The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January. Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor. Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits. More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]]. *The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor. It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor. When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs. You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for "Visual diffs". The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508] *[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246] *The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates. It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up. <mark>Your wiki can have this service. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]</mark>. ===Let's work together=== *The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]]. *Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors. If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]]. *The <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens. This makes footnotes easier to read. You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&priority=10&parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597] *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] </div> 20:56, 2 March 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == AdvancedSearch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! </div> [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 May 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=17995461 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool '''Expansions''' * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment] * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 May 2018 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18064061 --> == Global preferences are available == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:19, 10 July 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=17968247 --> == New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''({{int:please-translate}})'' Hi all! To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Common.css</code> and <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Vector.js</code> which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.) A new user group, <code dir="ltr">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code>, has been created. Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with <code dir="ltr">.css</code> or <code dir="ltr">.js</code> that is either in the <code dir="ltr">MediaWiki:</code> namespace or is another user's user subpage). You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]]. Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats). This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment). Thanks! <br/><span dir="ltr">[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 July 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small></span> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tgr/massmessage-T139380-ifadmin&oldid=18255968 --> == Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now == ''({{int:please-translate}})'' <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi all, as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the <code>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]</code> ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug. Thanks!<br /> [[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 August 2018 (UTC) <small>(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18258712 --> == Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]] • {{int:please-translate}} The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''. On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' /<span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])</span> </div></div> 13:33, 6 September 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18333489 --> == Editing News #2—2018 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] '''Did you know?''' <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? [[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]] Tap on the pencil icon to start editing. The page will probably open in the wikitext editor. You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar. Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing. [[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] Remember to publish your changes when you're done. You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.</div></div> Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing. === Recent changes === *The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]]. *The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website. New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles. You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]]. *The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]]. *The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]]. If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar. You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]]. *The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds). *The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images. It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/] === Let's work together === * The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website. <mark>Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.</mark> *The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week. *If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&action=edit&section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} —[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 14:17, 2 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=17790200 --> == Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web''' {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]] Hello, In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct. What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the "Learn more" link to get more information. For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]]. If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Community Wishlist Survey vote == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Hey everyone, The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. <span dir=ltr>/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]</span></div></div> 18:13, 22 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18543269 --> == Advanced Search == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].</div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 November 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&oldid=18363910 --> == New Wikimedia password policy and requirements == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]]. These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length. These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} </div> [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 December 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]] Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.''''' Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page. To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]] There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love! Kind regards, [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]] Imagine... the sum of all love! </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:13, 27 December 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == FileExporter beta feature == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Logo for the beta feature FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]] A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature. The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 January 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=18782700 --> == No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div> 18:54, 16 January 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets7&oldid=18789239 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 February 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18639017 --> == New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013) * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor & Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 March 2019 (UTC) :''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''<br> :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=18873404 --> == Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 10:56, 8 April 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18979889 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request == {{int:please-translate}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 April 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=18998727 --> == Editing News #1—July 2019 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] <big>'''Did you know?'''</big> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device? Every article has a pencil icon at the top. Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing. '''<big>Edit Cards</big>''' [[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].''' </div></div> Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter. Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more. All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]]. Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you: <strong>Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?</strong> If you are interested, we would value your input! You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. <em>Follow these instructions and share your experience:</em> <strong>[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].</strong> === Recent releases === The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]]. The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]] #* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits. #* The team studied this with an A/B test. [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing. # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]] #* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing. Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor. === New and active projects === This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles. You can try this feature now. <em>Go here to see how:</em> [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 <em>Try Edit Cards</em>]]. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks: ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?'' We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use. The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools. === Looking ahead === * '''Wikimania:''' Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019. They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]]. Talk to the team about how editing can be improved. * '''Talk Pages:''' In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis. === Learning more === The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 18:32, 23 July 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=19175117 --> == Update on the consultation about office actions == Hello all, Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust & Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation. For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation. Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust & Safety team]] 08:03, 16 August 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=19175143 --> == New tools and IP masking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hey everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling. We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment. You can post in your language if you can't write in English. [[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]</div></div></div> 14:18, 21 August 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&oldid=19315232 --> == The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="plainlinks"> Hello, In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to "re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)". Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust & Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. How can you help? * Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset); * Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or * Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans. We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation! </div> </div>-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 September 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=19302497 --> == Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups. So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes. We would like individual feedback on the following: * Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered * Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know * Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project: * Make it easier for readers to focus on the content * Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing) * Put things in logical and useful places * Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps * Eliminate clutter * Plan for future growth As well as the following constraints: * Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves * Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain * No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 07:18, 16 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&oldid=19462890 --> == Beta feature "Reference Previews" == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page. Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]]. As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]]. </div> -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19478814 --> == Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]]. === Help === <strong>What talk page interactions do you remember?</strong> Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else? Whatever your story is, we want to hear it! Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page. <mark>Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the <strong>[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]</strong>.</mark> The team wants your examples. These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage. === Talk pages project === The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools. The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. The team needs and wants your help at this early stage. They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>"Getting involved"</strong>]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate. === Mobile visual editor === The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices. The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ==== [[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link. The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]] * On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor. * There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links. There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]]. * Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ==== [[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor. The old system had two different toolbars. Now, all the buttons are together. [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]] * In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar. Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor. ** <em>One toolbar:</em> All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar. Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things. **<em>New navigation:</em> The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed. **<em>Seamless switching:</em> an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes. * Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]]. === Wikimania === The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden. They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]]. They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors. You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]]. === Looking ahead === * <strong>Talk Pages Project:</strong> The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes. The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>Getting involved</strong>]]. * <strong>Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:</strong> The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|<strong>VisualEditor as mobile default project page</strong>]]. * <strong>Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:</strong> This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations. The Editing team hopes to share results in November. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|<strong>Edit Cards project page</strong>]]. – [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 11:12, 29 October 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/5&oldid=19500851 --> == Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project == Hello The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement. To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating! -- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 January 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19738989 --> == Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages == ''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment. We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 February 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=19845780 --> == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 19:25, 8 April 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox2&oldid=19967064 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> 20:33, 17 June 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=20184653 --> == Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign == Hello Wikipedians, This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 June 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hasley@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=20190228 --> == Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos == [[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]] This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 July 2020 (UTC) ''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community'' <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&oldid=20232618 --> == Feedback on movement names == {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented. Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki. Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 July 2020 (UTC) ''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].'' <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20238830 --> == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="rw" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]] Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors. Since then, editors have achieved many milestones: * More than <strong>50 million edits</strong> have been made using the visual editor on desktop. * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]]) </div> 12:55, 9 July 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=20232673 --> == Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi all, It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new. This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 <ref>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]</ref> after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world. The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language. As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation <ref>[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]</ref>. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams. It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project. We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions. There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list <ref>[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]</ref>. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path. Yours, Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) <references/> </div> <small>Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 July 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&oldid=20265921 --> == The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''<br> At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects. The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]]. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&language=en&action=page&filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] 16:42, 22 July 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Message_to_small_and_medium_sized_wikis/List&oldid=20303398 --> == Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. How does it work? Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link "Move file to Wikimedia Commons" on the local file page. Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: </div>[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 August 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=20343133 --> == Important: maintenance operation on September 1st == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. '''Please share this information with your community.''' </div></div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 13:49, 26 August 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20384955 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]. A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! <br>--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 September 2020 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=20418180 --> == Invitation to participate in the conversation == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020. The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta. Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 September 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&oldid=20440292 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Please-translate}} {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations. There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 21:22, 29 September 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&oldid=20492309 --> == Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 October 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&oldid=20519859 --> == feedback for the call about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric == hello User:Elitre (WMF),well noted the comments will be shared asap == Important: maintenance operation on October 27 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> -- <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])</span> 17:11, 21 October 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20519839 --> == Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] </div> 22:10, 5 November 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20564572 --> ==choosing the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project== hello [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]], if individual choices are welcome i choose Wikifunctions [[User:Ndahiro derrick|Ndahiro derrick]] ([[User talk:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 16:27, 11 November 2020 (UTC) == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open! This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better. The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals! </div> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</span> 18:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> ''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!'' As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article. Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki. This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond. Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015. If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks! [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 November 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&oldid=20728482 --> == 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello all, The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools! You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 December 2020 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20734978 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2021 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]] '''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.''' In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones. We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]''' We are waiting for your votes. Thank you! </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 00:52, 15 December 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&oldid=20689939 --> == Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event == <div class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]] ''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}'' [[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. ''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 January 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&oldid=21014617 --> == Project Grant Open Call == This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.<br> This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.<br> For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building. We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:<br> * Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal: * [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application<br> * General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants <br> * [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]<br> Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.<br> We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!<br> Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 January 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=20808431 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects! :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> --12:57, 1 February 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21022367 --> == Feminism & Folklore 1 February - 31 March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. Feminism and Folklore team, [[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 February 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=20421065 --> == Wikifunctions logo contest == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]</div> 01:47, 2 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21087740 --> == Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> === Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 === {{int:please-translate}} The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']]. ==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ==== The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment. To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]]. ==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ==== From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable. To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]]. -- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 5 April 2021 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/5&oldid=21302202 --> == Line numbering coming soon to all wikis == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]] From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]]. </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21329014 --> == Suggested Values == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones. More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]]. </div> [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=21361904 --> == Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 == Hello there, We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries. The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages. Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons. The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]]. Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query. Kind regards,<br/> [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]<br/> Communication Manager<br/> Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign<br/> <small>Message delivered by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:24, 2 May 2021 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=21414265 --> == Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 == <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 1, June 2021'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]</span> ---- Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC. Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]]. You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> * '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]]) * '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]]) * '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]]) * '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]]) * '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])</div> --[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:06, 11 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&oldid=21578291 --> == Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions == [[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]] Dear all, Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021. '''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]]. Below are some links to guide you through; * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]] * [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]] * [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]] Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. '''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. '''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have. Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]] Best regards, [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:18, 16 June 2021 (UTC) On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21597568 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="rw" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Urutonde rwo kwiyandikisha kuriyi nkuru yindimi nyinshi]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=igipimo cya Abaterankunga bato barangiza gutanga igitekerezo kuri Wikipedi zose|thumb|296x296px|Iyo abashya bafite igikoresho cyo Gusubiza bakagerageza kohereza kurupapuro rwibiganiro, barushijeho kohereza igitekerezo neza. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]] Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, itsinda ryandika ryakoze ubushakashatsi bunini bwa [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying| Igikoresho cyo gusubiza]]. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukumenya niba Igikoresho cyo Gusubiza cyafashije [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary | abanditsi bashya]] kuvugana kuri wiki. Intego ya kabiri kwari ukureba niba ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze bakoresheje igikoresho gikeneye guhindurwa kenshi kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe na page ya wikitext isanzwe. Ibyavuyemo by'ingenzi ni : * Abanditsi bashya bafite mu buryo bwikora ("default on") gikoresho cyo Gusubiza bari [$raporo bafite amahirwe menshi yo] kohereza igitekerezo kurupapuro rwibiganiro. * Ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe nigikoresho cyo gusubiza nabyo byari [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ amahirwe make yo] gusubizwa inyuma kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe mu guhindura urupapuro rwibiganiro. Ibi byagezweho biha ikizere itsinda ryoguhindura ko igikoresho gifasha. <strong>Kureba imbere</strong> Itsinda rirateganya gukora igikoresho cyo Gusubiza kuri buri wese nka hitamo-kuvamo(opt-out) mu mezi ari imbere. Ibi bimaze kuba kuri Wikipedias yicyarabu, Ceki, na Hongiriya. Intambwe ikurikira ni [[phab:T280599 | gukemura ikibazo cya tekiniki]]. Hanyuma, bazakoresha igikoresho cyo Gusubiza mbere ku [[phab:T267379 | ma Wikipediya yagize uruhare mubushakashatsi]]. Nyuma yibyo, bazabishyira, mubyiciro, kurindi Wikipediya hamwe na Wiki yose yakiriwe na WMF. Urashobora gufungura "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures | muri Beta Ibiranga]] ubungubu. Nyuma yo kubona igikoresho cyo gusubiza, urashobora guhindura ibyo ukunda igihe icyo aricyo cyose muri [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]]) </div> 14:14, 24 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=21624491 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. <!-- They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --> Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. *There will be code freezes for the week of June 28. Non-essential code deployments will not happen. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21463754 --> == New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]] [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' - Persian language e-books * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik & Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login! We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]]. Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]! --The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 August 2021 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=21851699 --> == Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="content"/>The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021. These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input. Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities. There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: :[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August) :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC & 14:00 UTC :[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC & 15:00 UTC Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]]. Please let me know if you have any questions.<section end="content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:19, 17 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895766 --> == Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end == Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board. 6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]]. Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better. 10:03, 2 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=21895840 --> == The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hello everyone, We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well. Summary: <div style="font-style:italic;"> We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]]. </div> === Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year === In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published. However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]]. We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist. === Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities === We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes. === A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet === We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe. We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon! === Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase === If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes! === Feedback === * What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages? * How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]] * What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022? * What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022? Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings. </div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result == Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support: *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]] *[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month. Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]]. Best, [[Umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/>Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021. The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation. English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months. We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]: * Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) * Are ready to find compromises. * Focus on inclusion and diversity. * Have knowledge of community consultations. * Have intercultural communication experience. * Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. * Have experience negotiating with different parties. The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place. Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.<section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22002240 --> == Server switch == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September). *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div></div> [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 00:45, 11 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Talk to the Community Tech == [[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello! As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join''']. '''Agenda''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022 * Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes * Questions and answers '''Format''' The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English. We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting. '''Invitation link''' * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online] * Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390 * One tap mobile ** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York) ** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose) * [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location] See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 03:03, 11 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=21980442 --> == Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter == Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 02:40, 30 September 2021 (UTC) == Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections. '''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.''' The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021. Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates> Learn about the Drafting Committee: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee> We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at <https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/> Read the full announcement: <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> '''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' <https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections> Best, Movement Strategy & Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation <section end="announcement-content"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22185710 --> == Hura nabagize Komite ishinzwe gutegura amabwiriza mashya == :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Ibijya namatora ya komite itegura ndetse no guhitamo byo byageze kumusozo. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|Ibyavuye mumatora byaratangajwe]]. abagera kuri 1018 baratoye kugirango haboneke barindwi bajya muri komite: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''. * Umuryango wa Wikimedia ufite [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] babiri: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''. Komite izemezwa vubaha hanyuma itangire gukora akazi kayo, Komite ishobora gushyiraho abantu bagera kuri batatu mu kugirango hatabaho icyuho haba mu guhagararirwa gutandukanye no mu bumenyi butandukanye Niba ubyifuza mu kuba wagira icyo wungura muri gahunda ya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] , wakurikira amakuru agezweho [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] ushobora no kujya muri group [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group]. Turabashimira , biturutse mu ikipe y ingamba z'umuryango n'imiyoborere.--[[Umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 1 November 2021 (UTC) == Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content /> :''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022. While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback: * What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board? * What involvement should candidates have during the election? While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions. '''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?''' Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday. Best, Movement Strategy and Governance<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> {{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 December 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22502754 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]]. You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... Thank you. '''Feminism and Folklore Team''', [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] --05:49, 11 January 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&oldid=22574381 --> == Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ucoc-newsletter"/> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 5, January 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates. <div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]]) *'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])</div><section end="ucoc-newsletter"/> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''. The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations. The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].''' To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].''' The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].''' Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance<br/> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:55, 4 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22704115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work. The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=22796821 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">{{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team, We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc. We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language. Best wishes, '''International Team'''<br /> '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:50, 22 February 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == Coming soon == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> === Several improvements around templates === Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki: * Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]), * Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]), * and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right). All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. </div> - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=22907463 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki. There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss: * A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants. * The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022. You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance <br /> Wikimedia Foundation <br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22916674 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]]. You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Sincerely, Movement Strategy and Governance Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22962850 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" />Hello! The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about "Regional and Thematic Hubs". The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9. The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''. Best regards, [[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]<br />Movement Strategy <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:31, 10 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]] International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. ([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram]) The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]] A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]]. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 14 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=22754428 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello everyone, Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''. Thank you, From the Community Development team<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=22974079 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]] [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on <b>31 March 2022 11:59 UTC</b>. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as <i>folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more</i> Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. We look forward for your immense co-operation. Thanks Wiki Loves Folklore international Team [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:29, 26 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&oldid=23060054 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Greetings, The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work. The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org Best regards, Movement Strategy and Governance<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23079949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="msg-newsletter"/> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size:200%;">'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''</span><br> <span style="font-size:120%; color:#404040;">'''Issue 6, April 2022'''</span><span style="font-size:120%; float:right;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]</span> ---- Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics. This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter. </div><div style="margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;"> *'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]]) *'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]]) *'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]]) *'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]]) *'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]]) *'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]]) </div><section end="msg-newsletter"/> </div> Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23184989 --> == New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello Wikimedians! [[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]] [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/: * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development * '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today! <br>--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 April 2022 (UTC) :<small>This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].</small> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&oldid=23036656 --> == Coming soon: Improvements for templates == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <!--T:11--> [[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]] Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon: The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]] In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. * [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]] Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages! </div> -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Mata 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=23222263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Editing news 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages. New editors are more successful with this new tool. You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]]. Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test. You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=22019984 --> == 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']] The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees. The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees. The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team. ;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]]. Thank you for your support, Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> 10:39, 10 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23215441 --> bjietx5mfc2gd7swfr3zje4cgbdlehc 14 1542 67147 63463 2013-03-14T05:42:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6895644]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 10 1643 70135 68597 2015-08-03T05:29:13Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q4847311]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div name="Deletion notice" class="boilerplate metadata" id="delete" style="margin: 0 5%; padding: 0 7px 7px 7px; background: #fee; border: 1px solid #999999; text-align: left; font-size:95%;"> This page should be deleted. Reason: '''{{{1}}}''' If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|its talk page]]. 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This category is used by [[m:Steward requests/Speedy deletions]] until local administrators are available. To propose a page for deletion, add '''<nowiki>{{delete|</nowiki>''your reason for deletion''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>'''. If the page contains spam, blank it first. [[Category:Wikipedia]] i7cz9vfhclcbyeqb8mpyy91kfl3gw5r 14 1645 67862 64576 2013-04-13T10:24:15Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 12 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4966679]] wikitext text/x-wiki Wikipedia [[Category:Categories]] i1di4o19t11ij9ycb0om96ksv5jnohf 0 1649 77280 75611 2021-08-09T20:00:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bibiliya Ntagatifu</span>]] Igitabo cya '''Bibiliya''' cyangwa '''Bibiliya Ntagatifu''' ni [[igitabo]] cyaturutse ku [[Imana|Mana]]<ref>[https://www.jw.org/rw/isomero/ibitabo/bibiliya-kwiga/bibiliya-ni-iki/ Bibiliya ni igitabo cyaturutse ku Mana (jw.org)]</ref>. Ubwo igitekerezo cy'imibereho ya Kirisito ari ukuzuza ubuhanuzi, igitekerezo cy'imibereho ye cyanditswe mbere y'uko avuka. Ubuhanuzi bwo mu '''[[Isezerano rya Kera]]''' bushyira ahagaragara imibereho ya Kirisito , urupfu no kuzuka kwe mbere y'uko bibaho. '''[[Isezerano Rishya]]''' ni igitekerezo cy'imibereho ye nk'uko byari byarahanuwe. Abahanuzi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera babayeho hagati y'imyaka magana atanu, n'igihumbi na magana atanu mbere y'ivuka rya Kirisito , bavuze ingingo nyinshi zifatika zerekeye imibereho ya [[Mesiya]]. Bibiliya iboneka yose uko yakabaye cyangwa ibice byayo mu ndimi zisaga 2.300, kandi ibyo byatumye igera ku bantu basaga 90 ku ijana by’abatuye isi. Ugeranyije , buri cyumweru hatangwa za Bibiliya zisaga miliyoni! Hacapwe kopi zibarirwa muri za miriyari 3.9 . Giha intera nini cyane mu gukundwa, gusomwa, kugurwa no kwandikwa cyane kurenza ibindi byose biri kuri uru rutonde. Hacapwe ibitabo bigera kuri miriyari 3 na miriyoni 9 by’icyo gitabo kitwa Bibiliya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibitabo icumi bya mbere bisomwa kandi bikunzwe cyane kurenza ibindi ku isi |url=http://news.igihe.net/news-7-38-11663.html |accessdate=2011-04-06 |archive-date=2011-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405235329/http://news.igihe.net/news-7-38-11663.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. Bibiliya ku murongo wa interineti == Ibitabo byo muri Bibiliya == [[File:Crucifix,_Rosary_and_Holy_Bible_with_Apocrypha_NRSV.png|thumb|Crucifix, Rosary and Holy Bible with Apocrypha NRSV]] === Ibitabo by’[[Isezerano rya Kera]] === Ibitabo bitanu bibanza bya Bibiliya byitwa, iby’amategeko, kuko birimo amategeko Imana yahaye [[aba Isirayeli]] ikoresheje [[Mose]], nubwo harimo n’inkuru yuko byagenze. Mose niwe wa byanditse. * '''[[Igitabo cy’Itangiriro]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cyo Kuva]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cyo Kubara]]''' * '''[[Gutegekwa kwa Kabiri]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yosuwa]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cy’Abacamanza]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Rusi]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Samweli]]''' * '''[[Ibitabo by’Abami]]''' === Ibitabo by’[[Isezerano Rishya]] === Ibitabo bitanu byambere mw’Isezerano rishya. Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana bitwereka imiryango n’ubuzima bwa Yesu Kristo, igitabo gikurikiraho aricyo Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa gikbiyemo amateka y’Itorero rya mbere. Tugiye kwiga kur’ibi bitabo by’amateka mw’Isezerano rishya. * '''[[Igitabo cya Matayo]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Mariko]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Luka]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yohana]]''' * '''[[Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abaroma]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abefeso]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Tito]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Filimoni]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Yakobo]]''' * '''[[Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Petero]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yuda]]''' * [[Ibyahishuwe]] * [[Zaburi]] * [[Yobu]] * [[Yesaya]] * [[Ezekiyeli]] * [[igitabo cya Daniyeli|Daniyeli]] * [[Imigani]] * [[Ibyahishuwe]] * [[Itangiriro]] * [[Umubwiriza]] * [[1 Abakorinto]] * [[2 Abakorinto]] * [[1 Timoteyo]] * [[2 Timoteyo]] * [[1 Petero]] * [[2 Petero]] == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110618071147/http://barnabasafrica.com/kinyarwanda-language/all-the-books-of-the-bible-kinyarwand.html barnabasafrica.com] * [https://www.jw.org/rw/isomero/bibiliya/ Bibiliya​—Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya] * [https://www.jw.org/sgn-rw/ibyasohotse/bibiliya/nwt/ Bibiliya​—Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya (Ururimi rw'amarenga yo mu Rwanda)] [[Category:Bibiliya| ]] [[Category:Ibitabo]] cg5xto23y4oduxpopssa2s4q4t4pspn 0 1650 76352 73146 2021-07-23T18:30:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:St. Wolfgang kath. Pfarrkirche Pacher-Altar Taufe 01.jpg|thumb|yezu]] '''Yezu Kirisitu''' cyangwa '''Yesu Kirisitu''' , '''Yesu Kirisito''' , '''Yezu Kirisito''' ; '''Yesu Krisitu''' cyangwa '''Yezu Krisitu''' , '''Yesu Krisito''' , '''Yezu Krisito''' yavukiye i [[Betlehemu]] muri [[Isirayeli]], abyarwa na nyina Mariya twita [[Bikiramariya]]. Muri [[Kiriziya gatolika]] bibutsa umwanya ukomeye wa Bikiramariya mu mibereho yacu ya buri munsi. Bikiramariya ni umubyeyi w'Imana, ahora iruhande rwa muntu, mu masengesho no mu bikorwa. Niyo mpamvu Bikiramariya yagiye yegera abemera akabaha ijambo ribafasha mu nzira ituma isi irushaho kuba nziza. [[File:Christ Carrying the Cross 1580.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Yezu Kirisitu</font>]] [[File:La Résurrection du Christ 1560 Véronèse.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Umuzuko wa Yezu Kirisitu]] [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] g0hyy5mzd75w462g80l938jk1o36ghl 0 1651 81458 81372 2022-01-31T10:53:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LL-Q5684097_(hav)-Christophe_Barume_Masirika_(Lyokoï)-afurika.wav|thumb|LL-Q5684097 (hav)-Christophe Barume Masirika (Lyokoï)-afurika]] [[File:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Afurika</span>]] Umugabane w’'''Afurika''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]].Ndetse ukaba umugabane wa kabiri m'[[ubunini]] ndetse no guturwa n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] benshi ku isi nyuma ya [[Aziya]] <ref>http://igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibidukikije/item/550-afurika-ibihugu-binini-bigize-umugabane-wa-afurika</ref>. Afurika ifite [[ubuso]] bwa 30.3 million km², ikaba igizwe n'ibihugu 54 (mirongo itanu na bitanu), ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri [[Biliyali]] 1.3(2018). kandi ukikijwe n'i[[nyanja]] ya [[Atalantika]], iy'[[Ubuhinde]] ndetse n'iya [[Dosiye:Africa-148873_1280.png|thumb|Africa-148873 1280]] [[Mediterane.]] == Notes == <references/> {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika|!]] 4gjmb8mx0jpd0klzeezp7yig0z3104c 0 1652 83607 83606 2022-05-14T21:35:23Z 50.224.90.98 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nigeriya</font>]] [[File:Nigeria (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nigeriya</font>]] [[File:National_Church_of_Nigeria_in_Abuja_22.jpg|thumb|National Church of Nigeria in Abuja 22]] [[File:Mountains_in_Nigeria_07.jpg|thumb|Mountains in Nigeria 07]] '''Nijeriya''' cyangwa '''Nigeriya''', '''Repubulika ya Nijeriya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Federal Republic of Nigeria'' ; izina mu [[kigibo]] : ''Njíkötá Óchíchìiwù Naíjíríà'' ; izina mu [[gifurahe]] : ''Republik Federaal bu Niiseriya'' ; izina mu [[kiyoruba]] : ''Àpapọ̀ Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Nàìjíríà'' ; izina mu [[gihawusa]] : ''Jamhuriyar Tarayiar Nijeriya '') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeriya witwa [[Abuja]]. Indimi nkuru za Nijeriya ni [[ikigibo]], [[ikiyoruba]], [[igihawusa]], n’[[icyongereza]]. Nijeriya yabayemo ibihugu byinshi by’abasangwabutaka mbere y’abakoloni n’ubwami kuva mu kinyagihumbi cya kabiri mbere ya Yesu, aho umuco wa Nok mu kinyejana cya 15 mbere ya Yesu wabaye ubumwe bwa mbere muri icyo gihugu. Intara ya kijyambere yatangiriye ku bukoloni bw’Abongereza mu kinyejana cya 19, ifata imiterere y’akarere kayo hamwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Nijeriya y'Amajyepfo na Protekate ya Nijeriya y'Amajyaruguru mu 1914 na Lord Lugard. Abongereza bashizeho inzego z’ubuyobozi n’amategeko mu gihe bakurikiza amategeko ataziguye binyuze mu batware gakondo bo mu karere ka Nijeriya. Nijeriya yabaye federasiyo yigenga ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1960. Yahuye n’intambara y’abenegihugu kuva 1967 kugeza 1970, ikurikirwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gisivili bwatowe binyuze mu nzira ya demokarasi hamwe n’igitugu cya gisirikare, kugeza igihe habaye demokarasi ihamye mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 1999; amatora yo mu 2015 bwari bwo bwa mbere perezida uriho atsinzwe amatora. Nijeriya ni igihugu cy’amahanga yose gituwe n’amoko arenga 250 avuga indimi 500 zitandukanye, zose zikaba zifite imico itandukanye. [11] [12] Amoko atatu manini ni Hausa mu majyaruguru, Yoruba mu burengerazuba, na Igbo mu burasirazuba, hamwe hamwe akaba arenga 60% by'abaturage bose. Ururimi rwemewe ni Icyongereza, rwatoranijwe kugirango rworohereze ubumwe bwindimi kurwego rwigihugu. Itegekonshinga rya Nijeriya riharanira ubwisanzure mu idini [16] kandi rikaba rifite bamwe mu baturage b’abayisilamu n’abakirisitu benshi ku isi, icyarimwe. Nijeriya igabanijwemo kabiri hagati y’abayisilamu, baba mu majyaruguru n’abakristu, baba mu majyepfo; amadini y'abasangwabutaka, nk'aya kavukire yo mu bwoko bwa Igbo na Yoruba, ari mbarwa. Nijeriya nimbaraga zo mukarere muri Afrika, imbaraga zo hagati mububanyi n’amahanga, kandi ni imbaraga zigaragara ku isi. Ubukungu bwa Nijeriya ni bunini muri Afurika, ku mwanya wa 25 ku isi ku musaruro rusange, na 25 muri PPP. Nijeriya bakunze kwita Igihangange cya Afurika bitewe n’abaturage benshi n’ubukungu [19] kandi ifatwa nkisoko rigenda ryiyongera na Banki yisi. Icyakora, igihugu kiri hasi cyane ku rutonde rw’iterambere ry’abantu kandi gikomeza kuba kimwe mu bihugu byononekaye cyane ku isi. [20] Nijeriya ni umunyamuryango washinze Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika kandi ni umunyamuryango w’imiryango mpuzamahanga, harimo Umuryango w’abibumbye, Umuryango w’ibihugu bigize Umuryango, NAM, [22] Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba, na OPEC. Numunyamuryango witsinda rya MINT ridasanzwe ryibihugu kandi ni kimwe mubukungu bukurikira.[[File:Air_Nigeria_Boeing_737-300_Iwelumo.jpg|thumb|Air Nigeria Boeing 737-300 Iwelumo]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] deht7fwll28fhzu364aqw7wv08r83vx 0 1653 81622 73028 2022-01-31T11:18:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Nederilande</span>]] [[File:EU-Netherlands.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Nederilande</span>]] '''Ubuholandi''' cyangwa '''Ubuhorandi''', '''Nederilande''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]] : ''Nederland'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]].umurwa mukuru w'ubuholandi ni [[:en:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]] [[File:Amsterdam_Centraal_2016-09-13.jpg|thumb|Amsterdam Centraal 2016-09-13]] [[File:Hortus_Botanicus_Amsterdam._(actm.).jpg|thumb|Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam. (actm.)]] [[File:Goingarijp._(actm)_02.jpg|thumb|Goingarijp. (actm) 02]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ubuholandi]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8n8d9kduojbm1be0xszvopfwwqwq7yq 0 1655 81368 78446 2022-01-21T19:34:15Z НСНУ 10569 Ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mainzer_Adam_und_Eva.jpg|thumb|213x213px|Adamu na Eva ni abantu bavugwa muri bibiliya yera bahoze batuye mu bwami bwa edeni]] ''Iy'ingingo iragaruka kunkuru ndetse no kwishusho rusange rya bibiliya. Kubindi bikoreshwa, Ukeneye ibisobanuro byimbitse ndetse no gusobanukirwa birushijeho, reba [[Adamu na Eva.]]'' Adamu ni ishusho mu gitabo cy'Itangiriro muri [[Bibiliya]] y'Igiheburayo, no muri Korowani no mu myizerere ya gikristo. Dukurikije imigani y'irema [1] y'amadini ya Aburahamu, niwe muntu wa mbere. Mu Itangiriro na Korowani, Adamu n'umugore we birukanwe mu busitani bwa Edeni bazira kurya imbuto z'igiti cy'ubumenyi bw'icyiza n'ikibi. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kurema no gusobanura Bibiliya buvuga ko Adamu ari umuntu wamateka. Ibimenyetso bya siyansi ntibishyigikira igitekerezo cy'uko abantu bose bakomoka ku muntu umwe. [[Dosiye:Open bible isaiah.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] Ijambo adam rikoreshwa kandi muri Bibiliya nk'izina, umuntu ku giti cye nk '"umuntu" kandi mu buryo rusange nk "abantu". Adamu wo muri Bibiliya (umuntu, abantu) yaremewe kuva adamah (isi), kandi Itangiriro 1-8 ryerekana uruhare runini rwubucuti hagati yabo, kuko Adamu yatandukanijwe nisi kubwo kutumvira kwe. ==Indanganturo (Reference)== Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam [[Ikiciro:Isezerano rya Kera]] tj00icb2g6n41mwxf6fu3b1o5272bu7 0 1657 78009 72806 2021-08-20T01:59:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latin Cross.svg|right|thumb|250px|Kristendomu]] [[File:Church_of_All_Saints,_Odiham_1.JPG|thumb|Church of All Saints, Odiham 1]] [[File:Duisburg,_Wegekreuz_Huckingen,_2012-03_CN-01.jpg|thumb|Duisburg, Wegekreuz Huckingen, 2012-03 CN-01]] '''Ubukirisitu''' cyangwa '''Ubukirisito''' cyangwa '''Kristendomu''' (Bakristo) Ubukirisitu ni imyemerere y'ibya Yezu Kirisitu cyangwa Yesu Kirisito. Uwemera ibyo akabikurikiza bamwita '''umukirisitu''' == Amwe mu mateka y'ivuka ry'Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda == Ubufatanye bw’itorero [[Peresibiteriyene]] mu Rwanda n’andi matorero ya gikirisito mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Χριστός Παντοκράτωρ (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Σκοπός) - Pantokrator (Agios Nikolaos, Skopos, Greece).jpg|thumb|427x427px|Jesus]] Nk’uko byemezwa na twagirayesu na Butselaar, gushaka imibanire myiza n’andi matorero byatangiye n’ivuka ryayo mu 1907 nka kimwe mu biranga [[EPR]]. Kuri ibyo, abamisiyoneri bo muri Usambaro bagiranye umubano n’Abamisiyoneri Gatulika b’Abapadiri bera, Abamisiyoneri b’Ababirigi bagiranye umubano na ''Church Missionary Society'' (CMS) kimwe mubikorwa bari bahuriyeho ni uguhindura inyandiko ntagatifu mu rurimi rw’[[ikinyarwanda]]. Ubufatanye n’imibanire myiza hagati y’amatorero y’Abaporetesitanti mu Rwanda byatumye habaho Inama y’Abaporitesitanti mu Rwanda, Ishami ry’ivugabutumwa ry’abaporotesitanti riri i Butare, byatumye itorero peresibiteriyene rigira uruhare rufatika mu bikorwa byinshi biranga iryo huriro. == == * [[Ubugatolika]] * [[Ubuporotesitanti]] [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] 6k9p4ns07icloxrgv2h60ojrh5yqjig 0 1662 4558 2006-06-08T12:10:00Z SteveRwanda 68 Redirecting to [[Adamu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adamu]] f1j3rxwn2viwpnv9hf3xe8ryglmbd5n 0 1663 82070 81439 2022-02-18T11:17:48Z BNR1990 10662 . wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abatutsi (intore)</span>]] [[File:Fernand Allard l'Olivier - Les Lévriers de Musinga.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abatutsi (intore)</span>]] '''Abatutsi''' ni ubwoko bwanyafurika bubarizwa mugice cy'uburasirazuba , bukaba bwiganje mu [[Rwanda]] no mu [[Burundi]], ariko buboneka no mu bindi [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Culture.jpg|thumb|Intore za Batutsi ]] bihugu bya Afurika yo hagati nka Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo na Tanzaniya. Abatutsi bivugwa ko aribo baje nyuma mu karere k’[[ibiyaga bigari]]. N’aborozi b’inka bakaba ari 21% b’abatuye u Rwanda n’Uburundi. Bagaragaraga nk’imfura bakaba banashoboye gutegeka akarere igihe kirekire bakanakundwa nabose == Notes == <references group="A" /> == == http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Intore [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Abatutsi| ]] [[Category:Umuryango]] dat65u6runxx4n5borfdq3j6mokaaxh 0 1664 16419 16395 2011-01-05T22:57:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyarwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyarwanda]] 4ixiukbuxqxzuon6smmox88h8vb82jg 0 1665 18277 16442 2011-01-10T20:23:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikirundi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikirundi]] cyrmvjohyo26fg9zx13lghpbhaneej4 0 1666 79507 78834 2021-10-14T04:24:30Z Wizzito 10213 nabi ishusho wikitext text/x-wiki '''Interahamwe''' wari Umutwe w'urubyiruko rw' [[abahutu]] b'abahezanguni bari mu Ishyaka rya MRND mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu gihe cya [[itsembabwoko ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], Interahamwe zishe [[abatutsi]], [[abahutu]] n'[[twa|abatwa]] batavugaga rumwe nazo barenga miriyoni. Interahamwe zise abatutsi inyenzi n’inzoka, naho abahutu n'abatwa batavuga rumwe nazo babita ibyitso by'abatutsi. Bamwe mu bari bagize uyu mutwe baracyihisha mu mashyamba ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse no mu bindi bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, abandi batashye mu Rwanda baraburanishwa, bamwe barafungwa, abandi basubizwa mu buzima busanzwe. [[Dosiye:U.S._Army_Soldiers_operate_Engagement_Skills_Trainer_weapons_with_Brian_Garcia,_left,_MMAjunkie_radio_host,_Lorenz_Larkin,_center,_UFC_welterweight_fighter,_and_Ben_Rothwell,_right,_UFC_heavyweight_fighter,_at_Joint_Base_(cropped).jpg|thumb|interahamwe zo mu mashyamba manini]] [[Dosiye:Fighters_sign.jpg|thumb|Ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'interahamwe zo mu mashyamba.]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 9xvy652g78f3sgjq5m01nr7x8qn3k7v 0 1779 76421 76171 2021-07-25T20:40:38Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Burundian_performers_with_drums.jpg|thumb|Abarundi n'umuco wabo.]] '''Abarundi''' ni abanyagihugu b’i[[burundi]]. Abantu beza bafise inyifato nziza. niwaba wifuza kubamenya rwose urakubitirayo wirabire. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|thumb|Ibendera ryi Burundi]] Ubwo bumwe bwari ubw’Abarundi bose: '''[[Abahutu]]''' , '''[[Abatutsi]]''' n''''[[Abatwa]]'''. [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Umuryango]] 6gk5gy36ocrdra95qif18on8cuvbz81 0 1781 16606 16604 2011-01-06T21:39:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uburundi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburundi]] rv3kqclh2a6pgzercre2j741yure0pn 14 1782 67158 63462 2013-03-14T05:44:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6884236]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] 1myglhe3q5gt91nds7cot1m183cr26z 0 1783 76964 64586 2021-08-04T22:42:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Streichhölzer BW 2017-07-26 17-32-21.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|germany symbols]] '''Ikidage''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw'[[Abadage]]. == Amagambo n'Interuro mu Kidage == * amakuru = Wie geht es dir / Was gibt's Neues? * amakuru ni meza = Mir geht es gut / Uns beiden geht es gut (Mu bwinshi) * Muraho / Wiriwe = Guten Tag * ndagukunda = Ich liebe dich. * urukundo = Lieben * murakoze = Danke * vuba = schnell * bite = Wie gehts? * kuririmba = singen * kurya = essen * icyayi = Tee * amafaranga = Geld * umudage = Deutscher * ubudage = Deutschland * Umugabo = ein Mann * Umugore = eine Frau * Umwana = ein Kind == Wikipediya mu kidage == * http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite [[Category:Indimi z’ikidage]] [[Category:Abadage]] cp5d5wjwsoyjf2oipm7k0qhpqsg6vgr 0 1784 79540 78427 2021-10-21T12:29:43Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Germany_(WFB_2004).gif with [[File:Flag_of_Germany_(2004_World_Factbook).gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Germany map.gif|thumb|ikarita y'ubudage]] '''Abaturage''' b'[[Ubudage]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Germany]] == == * [[Jenoside y’Abayahudi]] [[Category:Abadage| ]] [[Category:Umuryango]] nomcztzxf1mlzmr82w1gdkss7doqyl5 0 1785 81618 78948 2022-01-31T11:17:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubudage</span>]] [[File:EU-Germany.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubudage</span>]] '''Ubudage''' (izina mu [[kidage]] : ''Deutschland'' cyangwa ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubudage witwa [[Berlin]]. Igihugu cyo mu [[Uburayi|Burayi]] bw’iburengerazuba. Ubudage ituwe n'abantu 82 175 684 birenga (2016). [[Dosiye:Reloj Mundial, Berlín, Alemania, 2016-04-22, DD 46-48 HDR.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Berlin mu budage]] == == * [[Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ubudage]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5wf5t6ibm2dhigzsv1zy5io4oxhfnyu 0 1786 81363 81301 2022-01-21T19:21:30Z НСНУ 10569 /* Urutonde rw’ibihugu */ Masedoniya ya Ruguru wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Europe_satellite_globe.jpg|thumb|Uburayi]] [[Dosiye:Rue des Marchands depuis le Koïfhus (Colmar) (4).jpg|thumb|Colmar, [[Ubufaransa]]]] Umugabane w’'''Uburayi''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]]. == Urutonde rw’ibihugu == * [[Alubaniya]] * [[Azeribayijani]] * [[Andora]] * [[Arumeniya]] * [[Belarusi]] * [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] * [[Buligariya]] * [[Cekiya]] * [[Danimarike]] * [[Esipanye]] * [[Esitoniya]] * [[Finilande]] * [[Geworigiya]] * [[Giburalitari]] * [[Hongiriya]] * [[Ibirwa bya Farowe]] * [[Ikerene]] * [[Ikigereki]] * [[Irilande]] * [[Isilande]] * [[Kazakisitani]] * [[Korowatiya]] * [[Lativiya]] * [[Lituwaniya]] * [[Liyeshitensiteyine]] * [[Lugizamburu]] * [[Malita]] * [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] * [[Molidova]] * [[Monako]] * [[Montenegoro]] * [[Mutagatifu Marino]] * [[Nederilande]] * [[Noruveje]] * [[Ositiriya]] * [[Polonye]] * [[Porutigali]] * [[Romaniya]] * [[Seribiya]] * [[Shipure]] * [[Silovakiya]] * [[Siloveniya]] * [[Suwede]] * [[Turukiya]] * [[Ububiligi]] * [[Ubudage]] * [[Ubufaransa]] * [[Uburusiya]] * [[Ubusuwisi]] * [[Ubutaliyani]] * [[Ubwongereza]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi|!]] b9tcz2k8injtlne6151fjvz2ew2go8l 14 1788 65645 64590 2013-03-11T10:41:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1983866]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Iyobokamana]] kbhjrhfwdbswrm8pwv693iix0dety7n 0 1792 77823 71957 2021-08-18T00:10:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|200px]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|thumb|rwanda]] Perezida wa [[Rwanda|Repubulika y'u Rwanda]]. {| class="wikitable" |- |colspan="5" align=center|'''Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda''' |- |align=center|'''Izina''' |align=center|'''Took office''' |align=center|'''Left office''' |- |[[Dominique Mbonyumutwa]] |[[28 Mutarama]] [[1961]] |[[26 Ukwakira]] [[1961]] |- |[[Grégoire Kayibanda]] |[[26 Ukwakira]] [[1961]] |[[5 Nyakanga]] [[1973]] | |- |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |[[24 Ukuboza]] [[1978]] |[[6 Mata]] [[1994]] | |- |[[Théodore Sindikubwabo]] |[[9 Mata]] [[1994]] |[[19 Nyakanga]] [[1994]] | |- |[[Pasteur Bizimungu]] |[[19 Nyakanga]] [[1994]] |[[23 Werurwe]] [[2000]] | |- |[[Paul Kagame]] |[[24 Werurwe]] [[2000]] |(maintenant) | |} [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda| ]] 7zx0arjenphh5blye147orq36vk0uvn 0 1794 79522 79521 2021-10-18T17:15:40Z 217.113.250.48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paul Kagame MSC 2017.jpg|alt=|thumb|Paul Kagame (2018)]] [[File:Paul_Kagame_with_Obamas.jpg|thumb|Paul Kagame with Obamas]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |[[Dosiye:President Donald Trump shakes hands with Rwandan President Paul Kagame.jpg|frameless]]Paul Kagame |- ! colspan="2" | Perezida wa 3 w'u Rwanda |- |Igihe cyo gukora |Kuva muri Werurwe 24 , 2000 |- | Ababanjirije |[[Pasteur Bizimungu]] |- | Uzasimbura | |- |Minisitiri w’intebe |[[Louise Musihikabo]] |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yihariye |- |Amazina | |- |Ivuka |Nk'uko Ukwakira 23 nk'uko 1957 (imyaka 63)<br> Ruhango ([[Gitarama]] Ntara, [[Rwanda-Urundi]]) |- |Urupfu | |- | Imva | |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Ururimi kavukire |[[Kinyarwanda]] |- | Iyobokamana |[[Kiliziya Gatolika]] |- | Ishyaka rya politiki |[[Imbere yo gukunda igihugu]] |- ! colspan="2" |Umuryango |- | Uwo mwashakanye |[[Jeannette Kagame]] |- | Abahungu |Ivan Kagame<br> Ange Kagame<br> Ian Kagame<br> Brian Kagame |- ! colspan="2" |Uburezi |- | Yize muri |Kaminuza ya Makerere |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yumwuga |- | Umwuga |umunyapolitiki |- | Imyaka irakora |1990-2000 |- | Ishami rya gisirikare |Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda |- | Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- |Amakimbirane |* Umudari wa Kagera (Uganda) * Iteka rya Repubulika ya Seribiya * Iteka ry'abapayiniya bo muri Liberiya <small>(2009)</small> * Umusaraba Mukuru w'itegeko ry'igihugu cya Bénin <small>(2010)</small> |- |Urubuga |paulkagame.com |- |Itandukaniro | |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272580 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|ibendera ry'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|ikiranga ntego cy'u Rwanda]] '''Paul Kagame''' ni [[Perezida]] wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda|5]] wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]] kuva 2000. Paul Kagame yavukiye ku wa [[23 Ukwakira]] [[1957]] m'umujyi wa [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] mu ntara y’Amajyepfo, mu cyahoze ari Komine [[Tambwe]] ,yari imwe mu zari zigize Perefegitura ya [[Gitarama]]. [[File:Paul_Kagame.jpg|thumb|Paul Kagame ari kumwe na George W.Bush]] Kagame ndetse n'umuryango we baje guhungira mugihugu cy'[[Ubugande|uBugande]] ,Mu gihe ivanguramoko ryibasiraga abo mu bwoko bw’ umuryango wa Paul Kagame uri mu miryango yatotejwe maze abasaga ibihumbi 100 bakava mu byabo bagahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi. Mu mwaka w’1959,<ref>http://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/Menya-byimbitse-amateka-y-ubuzima-bwa-Perezida-Kagame-wizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-61</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/imyaka-20-irashize-paul-kagame-atorewe-kuyobora-u-rwanda</ref>. Kagame yavukiye mu muryango w'abatutsi mu majyepfo y'u Rwanda. Igihe yari afite imyaka ibiri, Impinduramatwara yo mu Rwanda yarangije ibinyejana byinshi byiganjemo abatutsi; umuryango we wahungiye muri Uganda , aho yamaze ubuzima bwe bwose. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Kagame yarwanye mu ngabo z’inyeshyamba za Yoweri Museveni , aba umusirikare mukuru wa Uganda nyuma yuko intsinzi ya gisirikare ya Museveni imujyanye kuri perezidansi ya Uganda . Kagame yinjiye mu Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR), rwateye u Rwanda mu 1990; umuyobozi Fred Rwigyema yapfuye hakiri kare mu ntambara maze Kagame yigarurira. Kugeza mu 1993, FPR yagenzuye agace gakomeye mu Rwanda no guhagarika imirwanobyaganiriweho. Mu iyicwa rya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana yari ingingo guhera Jenoside, aho abahutu b'intagondwa bishe bagera 500.000 miliyoni imwe Abatutsi n'Abahutu batari intagondwa. Kagame yongeye intambara y'abenegihugu, arangiza itsembabwoko itsinze igisirikare. Muri visi-perezida, Kagame yagenzuraga ingabo z’igihugu kandi akomeza kubahiriza amategeko, mu gihe abandi bayobozi batangiye kubaka igihugu. Abasirikare benshi ba FPR bakoze ubwicanyi bwo guhana; ntivugwaho rumwe niba Kagame yarateguye ibi, cyangwa nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kubihagarika. Inkambi z'impunzi z'Abahutu zashinzwe muri Zayire no mu bindi bihugu, zagenzurwaga na jenoside(abitabiriye jenoside) bakangisha umutekano u Rwanda. FPR yibasiye inkambi mu buryo butarobanuye mu 1996, ihatira impunzi nyinshi gutaha, ariko inyeshyamba zikomeza gutera u Rwanda. Igitero cyagabwe ku nkambi z'impunzi cyahitanye abantu bagera ku 200.000. Raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yerekana ko ibyo bitero bishobora kuba bihwanye na jenoside, bikaba bishobora gutuma Paul Kagame aba umunyabyaha w’intambara. Mu rwego rwo gutera, Kagame yateye inkunga intambara ebyiri z’inyeshyamba zitavugwaho rumwe muri Zayire. Inyeshyamba zishyigikiwe n'u Rwanda na Uganda zatsinze intambara ya mbere (1996–97), zishyiraho Laurent-Désiré Kabila kuba perezida mu cyimbo cy'umunyagitugu Mobutu maze ahindura igihugu nka Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC). muintambara ya kabiri yatangiye mu 1998 kurwanya Kabila, nyuma umuhungu we Joseph , nyuma y’uko guverinoma ya DRC yirukanye ingabo z’u Rwanda na Uganda mu gihugu. Intambara yaje kwiyongera mu ntambara yo ku mugabane wa Afurika yakomeje kugeza amasezerano y'amahoro yo mu 2003 no guhagarika intambara. Nka perezida, Kagame yashyize imbere iterambere ry’igihugu, atangiza gahunda yo guteza imbere u Rwanda nkigihugu cyinjiza amafaranga hagati muri 2020. Kuva mu 2013, iki gihugu kiratera imbere cyane ku bipimo ngenderwaho, birimo ubuvuzi n’uburezi; kwiyongera kwumwaka hagati ya 2004 na 2010 wagereranije 8% kumwaka. Kagame yagiranye umubano mwiza n’umuryango w’iburasirazuba bwa Afurikana Amerika; umubano we n'Ubufaransa wari mubi kugeza mu 2009. Umubano na DRC ukomeje kuba mubi nubwo intambara yo mu 2003 yahagaritswe; imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu na raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yashyizwe ahagaragara ivuga ko u Rwanda rushyigikiye inyeshyamba ebyiri muri iki gihugu, Kagame arabihakana. Ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse kwishyura inkunga muri 2012 nyuma yibi birego. Kagame arazwi cyane mu Rwanda hamwe na bamwe mu babikurikiranira hafi; imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu imushinja gukandamiza politiki. Yatsinze amatora mu 2003, hashingiwe ku itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe muri uwo mwaka, atorerwa manda ya kabiri mu 2010. {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagame, Paul}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] {{Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda}} == Reba == [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 72le88qvz6s9dstwpfk1jd6lftuffpc 14 1798 65379 64593 2013-03-11T10:22:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2945159]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki This is the highest level of Wikipedias Categories. Please Watch the following picture for more information about the Cat-Tree. [[File:Cat-Tree-rw-WP.PNG|800px|thumb|There are Problems now. Please look at the [[Category talk:Categories|talk]] of this Cat.]] 98hvemk7tiw1cqxeqw5bvwts5d5us5p 14 1799 19083 13572 2011-01-13T21:54:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] d6c15qxugp2w8do1tk900iv9e1xhhk8 14 1800 67715 64594 2013-04-13T08:27:28Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5460710]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 14 1802 67780 64595 2013-04-13T09:47:45Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4587662]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 4 1803 65711 64596 2013-03-11T10:47:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4039395]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki This site is the election - site of administrators. Administrators can delete pages, block pages and Users, too. So, do not abuse those features! == Candidates == === 1. User: === <!--- Why do you want to elect this User?---> ==== Pro ==== ==== Contra ==== [[Category:Wikipedia]] 92s0tv932ich24knt3qwi8peasn5qi0 0 1808 77809 13247 2021-08-17T23:08:42Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nta mugabo umwe''' (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Unus testis, nullus testis'' ) Umugani w'umugenurano uvugwa bashaka kwerekana ko abantu bagomba gufatanya cyangwa gushyira hamwe ngo bagere ku kintu cy'ingenzi. Mu gushyigikira ingingo zimwe zivugwa mu Nyandiko y’ibirego, Urugereko rwasanze rwarashyikirijwe ubuhamya bw’umugabo umwe, noneho havuka ikibazo cyo kumenya niba imvugo izwi cyane mu miryango remezo y’amategeko nshinjabyaha akomoka ku baromani n’abanyaburayi, ariyo ''Unus testis, nullus testis'' (Nta mugabo umwe) yakurikizwa. Iyo mvugo isobanura ko kugira ngo ubuhamya bw’umugabo umwe bushobore kwemerwa, bugomba kugira ikindi kibushyigikira. [[Dosiye:John Banovich, Ubumwe Center, Rwanda, Africa, 2017 8878.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|abashyize hamwe]] afymttlxp69n8u6g7wsirtrbiphc8v6 0 1809 82027 77065 2022-02-15T14:24:19Z TUYISINGIZE Nazard 10655 NYANGUFI na Bakuru be igice cya 1 na 2 wikitext text/x-wiki UMWANDIKO NYANGUFI NA BAKURU BE IGICE CYA 1 Umugabo yari afite umugore maze babyarana abana barindwi b’abahungu, uwipfura yarageze nko mukigero cy’imyaka icumi. Umwuga w’uwo mugabo wari kwasa inkwi akazigurisha udufaranaga two kumutunga we n’abiwe bose, barabakene cyane bagahora bafite umutima uhagaze kuko batashoboraga kubona igitunga abo bana uko ari barindwi kandi nta numwe wari ugejeje igihe cyo kwirwanaho. Icyarushagaho kubatera agahinda, nuko uwo mwaana wabo w’umuhererezi yahoraga abatera impungenge, ntagire ikintu kimushimisha agahora yigunze kandi ntavuge. Iyo yakoraga igikorwa cyiza giturutse ku Mutima mwiza yari yarivukaniye, we yibwiraga ko akoze ikintu kidatunganye. yari mugufi cyane kuburyo yavutse areshya n’urutoki rw’igikumwe maze bakurizaho ku mwita nyangufi. Uwo mwana bari baramwishyize mu mutwe bose ikibi cyose gikozwe muri urwo rugo akaba ariwe kitirirwa nyamara ariko niwe warushaga bakurube ubwenge n’ubwitonzi ndetse no guteganaya, ntiyarashamadutse, yavugaga make ariko akumva menshi. Bukeye amapfa aratera inzara irabiyogoza rwose muri icyo gihugu, murumva namwe umuntu wari ufite abana barindwi ko yari akomerewe cyane. Kubahahira ntibyari bimworoheye ariko akomeza kugerageza agezaho abura ibibahaza kubera igiciro cyari cyazamutse muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’inzara yari yaraje ari kirimbuzi. Umugabo amaze gushoberwa yigira inama yo guta abo bana mu ishyamba. Inama amaze kuyuzuza ntiyayihisha umugore we ahubwo ayihisha abana be, mu ijoro araye ari bujye guta abo bana muri rya shyamba, umugabo akangura umugore we kugirango amugire inama yari yungutse ku kibazo bari bamaze iminsi bibazacyerekeye uko bakwiye gutunga abo bana. Ubwo ariko abana bari baryamye kare, umugore amaze gukanguka, umugabo amubwirana agahinda kanini ati” umva rero mugore wanjye, urabona neza ko tutagishoboye gutunga bariya bana, none niyemeje ko ejo nzajaya kubata muri ryashyamba njya nasamo inkwibazagenda baribwe n’inyamaswa hekugirango nzabone inzara ibanyicira mu maso ibyo biztworohera cyane kuko mugihe bazaba bahugiye mu guhambira inkwi tuzabihisgha maze tugahindukira batatureba.” Ntimuyobewe rero impuhwe z’ababyeyi umugore yamaze kumva ayo magambo maze akubitwa n’inkuba maze asubiza umugabo we ati”ubwose ibyo uvuze ni ibikuvuye ku Mutima?cyangwa se hari ukunda wabaye? Ntanisoni biguteye? Ibyo bisubize aho ubikuye,wowe se ko uri mukuru hari aho wabibonye?niwowe ugiye kuzaba nyamuhamba babona”?. Umugabo he kugirango yumve neza igisubizo cya kibyeyi umugore amuhaye,atangira ku mutwama avuga ati”umva nawe ubwenge bw’abagore! Ubwose abo bana urabona tuzabatungisha iki?njyewe ntakundi, natekereje byarangiye, ndetse byuka witegure nawe kuko tujyana singiye kuzabona abana banjye bapfa urwagashinyaguro”. Umugabo akomeza kumvsha umugore we ko badashobora kubona icyatunga abo bana,ariko biba ibyubusa. Umugore yari umutindi nyakujya, ariko umutima we wakibyeyi ntutume yemera kwijugunyira ibibondo. Umugore akomeza kwiyumvira atekereza ukuntu inzara izamwicira abana mu maso,atekereje agahinda bizamutera, nawe yemera igitekerezo cy’umugabo we. Nuko ajya kuryama ariko amarira amuzenaga mu maso, ubwoariko nyangufi ibyo ababyeyi be bari barimo yari yabimenye kare. Yari umwana uzi ubwenge butanagaje kandi ntiyagiraga ikintu nakimwe kimutera ubwoba. Ymaze kumvira kuburiri bwe ibyo se avugana na nyina, abuka buhoro maze ajaya munsi y’intebe se yakundaga kwicara ho kugirango ashobore kumva ibyo bavuga, yamaze kubyumva neza asubira ku buriri ariko ntiyarushya agoheka ahubwo arara atekereza uko agomba kubigenza kugirango we nabakuru be bazashobore kwikura muri iryo shyama. Mumuseso wakare abyuka ajaya ku nkombe y’umugezi wari hafi y’iwabo atoragura utubuye twera atwuzuza umufuka we maze agaruka I muhira. Ntibyatinze buba buracyeye neza nuko wamugabo abyutsa umugore we n’abana ariko akaba yanogeje umugambi wo kubabwira ko noneho bari bumuhaerekeze bajyana kumutwaza inkwi mu ishyamaba. Nuko arabyuka nabo barabyuka arababwira ati”uyu munsi muramperekeza na nyoko, kugirango mu ntwaze inkwi. Umwe arazana izo ashoboye hanyuama tuzishyire hamwe hanyuma tuzigurishe amafaranga,noneho ahari yaba menshi tukayahahisha ibidutunga nibura icyumweru. Abana babyunvise bishimira kujya kureba aho hantu hakure barikumwe n’ababyeyi babo, nuko baherako baboneza iy’I shyamba ariko Nyangufi yirinda kugira icyo abwira bakuru be mubyo yari yumvise. NYANGUFI NA BAKIRU BE 2 Nuko basesera muri rya shyamaba, iryo shyamaba ryari inzitane kuburyo ntamuntu washoboraga kubona undi iyo yabaga amusizeho intambwe nk’icumi, ariko nyina waba bana we yasaga nuwa ciye kuko yarazi ibigiye kubabaho kandi adashoboye kubakiza cyangwa se ngo ababurire. Binjira mu ishyanba nibwo nyangufi yatangiye kugenda anaga twa tubuye aho se abanyujije, barinda kugera mu ishyamba rwagati. Se atangira gutema ibiti no kubisatura yereka abana hirya ye gato aho barunda imyase, nuko abana batangira gutunda inkwi bazirunda no gushaka imigozi yo kuzihambira. Uko bazitunda bazihambira niko Se na Nyina bakomezaga gucengera mu ishyamba hirya kugirango babone uburyo bwo kubibeta no gusubira I muhira. Abana bakomeza kurunda inkwi no kuzihambira,bigeze aho baza gukebuka aho ababyeyi babo bari ntibagira numwe babona. Nuko batangira guhamagara se na nyina bataka cyane, ngo bitabwe nande? Abana batangira kugira ubwoba bwinshi bakeka ko inyamaswa zaba zabaririye aba byeyi none nabo zikaba zigiye ku barya bari bihebye basigaye mu kangara tete. Ariko Nyangufi arabihorera bakomeza gusakuza barira kuko yari yizeye inzira iza kubasubiza I muhira kandi akaba azi neza ibyo ababyeyi babo bamaze kubakorera. Bigezaho abwira bakuru be abahumuriza ati”bavandimwe mwigira ubwoba,data na mama badusize hano baritahira ariko ni muhumure ndabageza I muhira mu nkurikire gusa”. Nuko abajya I mbere bakurikira hahandi yagiye anaga utubuye,bagiye kubona babona bageze I muhira, bakuru be baratangara bakavuga bamushimagiza bati uri akagabo sha. Naho we kubera ko yitonda cyane kandi akamenyakwiyoroshya mbese ntashake kumenya ko azi ubwenge arababwira ati” sijye ahubwo ni amahirwe tugize” abivuga amwenyura. Abana ntibahereyeko binjira munzu bagumye ku muryango bagumya bumva ibyo ababyeyi bavuga. Ubwo umugabo n’umugore we bakigera mu rugo umuntu ukomeye kuri uwo musozi yari yabishyuye amafaranga yari abamazemo igihe kirerekire. Uwomwenda ntibari bakiwutekereza bari barakuyeyo amaso, ayo mafaranga ntiyarabakijije ariko bamaze kuyabona baranezerwa cyane kuko inzara yari imaze kubarembya. Ako kanya Nyamugabo yohereza umugore we kugura inyama. Kubere ko bari bamaze igihe kinini batarya, umugore agura inyama nyinshi kuburyo abantu babiri batashoboraga kuzirya ngo bazimare, “ngo inyota ntindi igufunguza uwutari bumare” nuko umugore arateka amaze guhisha bararya birabasegeka nuko inyama zose zisigarira aho dore ko udaheruka kurya niyo abibonye atabishobora. Bamaze kwegura amabondo, wamugore aravuga ati “babana bacu iyo baba aha, baba bariye izi nyama zose zisigaye kandi zari kubahaza ndetse zikanasigara. Mbese nk’ubu aba banyagwa barihehe? Yewe uwapfa kunyereka nyangufi”. Nuko yungamo abwira umugabo ati “sinakubwiye ko tuzicuza hanyuma nk’ubu aba bana bamerewe bate muri ryashyamaba! Uziko uri inyamaswa muzindi wowe watinyutse kujugunya urubyaro rwawe kariya kageni? Ese nkubu niba bakiriho baratuvuga iki?..rero nanjye ngo bakiriho! Naruha mama naruha.   Nuko wamugabo ntiyaba agishoboye kwihanaganira ayo magambo y’umugore kuko yakomezaga kumuhamya icyaha ngo niwe washatse ko bata abana babo mu ishyamaba. Niko kumubwira amucyaha ati “niwongera kuvuga ayo magambo ndagukubita. Umugore akomeza kurira cyane ahamagara abana avuga ati “abana banjye weee!!!! Abana banjye weee!!!! Abana banjye weee!!!! Ageze aho sinzi uko yaje kuvuga cyane ati “abana banjye barihe weee!!!!” Abana uko bakabaye ku muryango bavugira icyarimwe bati “erega turi hano” Nuko nyina ashiduka ubwo yiruka afite ubwuzu bwinshi agana ku muryango maze aherako akingura akimara kubabona abahoberera icyarimwe ababwira ati “mbega ukuntu nishimiye kongera kubabona ndabibona murananiwe cyane kandi inzara yabishe maze abwira nyangufi ati “mbega umusatsi wawe!! nuko wahindutse? ngwino ngusokoze. Amaze kuwusokoza ahamagara abana maze bararya banezerewe, arko se yari yabuze ahantu yakwirwa. Hashize akanya maze yikura mwisoni ati “mwari mwagiye hehe mwabigoryi mwe mubonye igihe twabashakiye tukababura tukarenda kwiyizira twibwirango mwatashye. Abana bacisha make bakomeza kurya bafite umunezero, maze batangira kubatekerereza ukuntu bagize ubwoba basigaye muri ryashyamba bonyine. Icyaje kuba kibi nuko ibyo byishimo byashiranye nayamafaranga, ntibyateye kabiri amafaranga amaze gushira ababyeyi bongeye guta abana babo mu ishyamaba ariko noneho mu ryakure cyane. ''UMWANDITSI TUYISINGIZE Nazard'' ''0781945496'' == Umuvugo wa Nyakayonga ka Musare == Posted by DUSAMANA J.Claude phone:0788995492,0728995491 from École des sciences louis de monfort de Nyanza. Naje kubara inkuru yaraye i Murori kwa Nyiramuyaga na Muhaya Murorwa yacyuye amahano za busunzu zirayishoka ikabamburwa n’ibihunyira Ruhangwambone rwa Ruhoramumagambo, umuswa urayanitse mu kigunda, yapfuye urwa Ruvuzo yo yigeraga Mfizi ya Makuka ikayigerera i Buringeri yacitse nka Mushunguzi yaguye mu rukobo nk’impabe, yatsinzwe nka Karihejuru Naje ntabara impuha: impundu ziravuga umurenge mu mirambi ya Kigali ziranamije ku Muturagasani. kandi mbara inkuru ntikuke y’uko wakukiye Muteri, Mutabazi, ugatema ibyaro amajosi. Ngiyo ya Sugi Irasogombwa amahanga, irahinga iz’amakeba nkavuga imyasiro Wasiye Nyamiringa, Mirindi ya Rumeza, wayambikiye agashungo iyo ngoma yawe. Nimuyihe rugari Yibonereho Ruhangwambone Nyibaze ay’icyo kirara kitagira umuraza mu mirambi ya Rubaho, cyaroye kikica umukenya kitaramara kabiri kimbwire undi waryiswe iryo zina, akaba umuhutu, akaba umutunzi, akazisazira nyuma. Nandetse we Ruhangwambone rwa Ruhuzambone uba udateze amarengero ugacurisha imihoro? Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho Ruhangwambone! Nyibaze: ko amazina yari menshi, mukurora ukisunga iriheze rya Ruhararaburozi rwa Mpinga? Yo muguha impaka uwatwambuye Yuhi, [[Dosiye:Folk_Tales_from_Tibet_-_One_of_the_Story-tellers,_with_his_Family_and_Servants.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwiza abantu bohambere bakurikiragamo inkuru igihe babaga bagiye kuyibaganirira.]] imvano yava ku ki? Ntizi ko Rugaju ari we waduteye imbehoy'isuri maze tugasanganwa Imana ibura mwabo ikabona twebwe? Iyacu ni Rubanguka rwacyamuye ibihugu, ni we Rugira wahonokaga mu Buhinda. Na none niberwe ayigire intindo ayitegeke nka Rwuma maze ive mu rweguriro zirishe; nirembe ayigire insezo ayisenyere ijabiro ijabo rishire izaze akuya kayirenze yicuza ayo yakoze; ikungagizwa mu myiri bayinyaze! Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho Ruhangwambone! Izaza yumva amatare ayivuga mu mutwe mu mpinga ya Butare amatwi yazibiranye mu minyago, Mutukura itekanye na Mukeshajabiro. Nimuyihe rugari yibonbereho Ruhangwambone! Izaza ishorejwe amacumu mu mpinga ya Gatsibo amacumu yabaye inkwaruro; mazi ishime ko itagira ubwami i Bwangaguhuma kwa Gahaya: ubwo yisunze izina ritagira amarengero amajyo azayibera amabuye. Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho Ruhangwambone: Izaza yumva insengo zivuga iwacu mu ngoro umuryasenge uyirya yabuze amaboko yo kwishima mu gihumbi: izaba yayakonje Mutukura, yayageretse ku ya Mutega w'inkanda! Ruhangwambone nimuyihebe nta nkandagiro ikizeye! Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho Ruhangwambone! Mbese wowe ntiwahagiye ku y’i Butembambuto kwa Mataremato, yaje gutegura ino Matungo ayigira intindo? Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho Ruhangwambone! Mbese wowe ntiwahagiye ku y’i Buvuganyanzara kwa Kivugabagore yahanzwe no kuvuga rimwe akarimi kayo kagwa mu matsa? Uzarebe aho izingiye mizinge: ntikizirikana ay’imusizi mba ndi ishami ryabyaye Nyirarugaju? Nimuyihe rugari yibonereho ruhangwambone! Mbese wowe ntiwahagiye ku y’i Busobanyamakaraza kwa Gisababahutu? Iri ni ishavu ringana aya mazi rikayirara mu muroha yarahebye n’abayiyagira ngo bayihe ubuhura! Igumye iganye na Ntega: Bateze inyenga. Rero simbeshya ni ko ntanga abagabo benshi ba Mikore. Rukabuza arumva na Nkozimyambi. Sinzakaraba no kwa Rujyo. Makomere arabizi na Makuba na Rukaniramiheto Simbeshya uzahagira ku rw’i Bumpaka uzatwika ari umugero Rugina ikarwubika rugahinduka Umugina. Posted by DUSABIMANA J.Claude phone:0788995492,0728995491 from Ecole des sciences louis de monfort de Nyanza. bh29oae0hqmeis0e2bnqx113g6pnq5l 14 1810 67440 58599 2013-04-02T18:51:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8767306]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuvanganzo]] g6mzxds2z71dbx1oekowoaa9anotqap 14 1811 6923 4913 2008-05-12T12:08:25Z 82.198.250.77 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] cyubahiro mss[[Media:Example.ogg]] lrryj4jzkd3gnv4umluquhdulvmcgmt 14 1812 4920 4914 2006-08-03T23:34:26Z Nzeyimana 76 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigani]] j5linc8sx283xa8xxn57775lv97uu90 14 1813 4915 2006-08-03T23:31:37Z Nzeyimana 76 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigani]] j5linc8sx283xa8xxn57775lv97uu90 14 1814 78615 68204 2021-08-25T17:25:59Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q6022691]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuvanganzo]] g6mzxds2z71dbx1oekowoaa9anotqap 14 1815 67439 17530 2013-04-02T18:51:47Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8662578]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuvanganzo]] g6mzxds2z71dbx1oekowoaa9anotqap 14 1816 4923 2006-08-03T23:36:39Z Nzeyimana 76 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 14 1817 4924 2006-08-03T23:37:35Z Nzeyimana 76 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 1818 77628 4934 2021-08-14T16:25:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibisakuzo]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Traditional_Dancers_19.jpg|thumb|Abanyarwanda bohambere ibyishimo byabo byari kubyina no gusakuzanya ndetse noguca imigani migufi]] Iki ni igisakuzo cyane cyane cy'abana bato: <pre> Usakuza: Sakwe Sakwe Usubiza: Soma Usakuza: Nyiramakangaza ngo mutahe Igisubizo: Imbeho ku rugi </pre> g7xis2nqd0fczmlrsve8wvobfkxqsop 0 1819 76990 4931 2021-08-05T00:23:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:ibisubizo_by'ibisakuzo]] [[Dosiye:Imbyino gakondo z' iwacu.jpg|center|thumb|igisakuzo]] Igisubizo cy'igisakuzo '''[[Nyiramakangaza ngo mutahe]]''' p4nsz4jw71timdibp9x6f0aj5t7tb9l 0 1821 77623 4929 2021-08-14T15:48:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:Ibisubizo_by'ibisakuzo]] [[Dosiye:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_man_spring_bij_het_hoogspringen_2.20_m_Rwanda_TMnr_60033970.jpg|thumb|Abanyarwanda bohambere barangwaga n'umuco ndetse bakigisha abana ibintu bitandukaanye birimo ibisakuzo ndetse n'imigani migufi yigishwaga abana]] Igisubizo cy'igisakuzo [[Zigariste amahembe ntiwamenya iyo nyoko yakowe]] ienir90lbq3ax7l4zvyy5glkpt51ygf 14 1822 4930 2006-08-03T23:46:52Z Nzeyimana 76 wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:ibisakuzo]] 79v27n1fx0suponp8w911ojxnjn00py 0 1824 78014 4933 2021-08-20T02:11:30Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[category:ibisubizo_by'ibisakuzo]] Igisubizo cy'igisakuzo '''[[Nagutera icyo utazi utabonye]]''' [[Dosiye:Kuboha 5.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|umukecuru aducira imigani]] mjh5hw197ppjukwvu5e3e8m9lb2j6tc 0 1825 76960 64597 2021-08-04T22:21:10Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sacred Heart Of Jesus Roman Catholic Church.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|urusengero]] "'''Idini ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri'''" ni [[idini]] ryigenga ryashingiwe i Beyijingi (Beijing) mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] mu mwaka w'1917. Riri mu rwego rw'amadini y'abaporoso b'[[abakirisitu]] yaje mu ntangiriro z'1900. Iri dini rifite uyu munsi abayoboke miliyoni imwe n'igice (miliyoni 1,5) mu isi yose. Imyizerere y'iri dini ishingiye kuri [[penekositi]], ukwizera gutangwa n'umwuka wera. Iri dini ntabwo ryizihiza [[Noheli]]. [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] j5odxy263dz30f8hhpuw3kotwobx1f0 14 1829 64598 60328 2013-03-07T16:43:43Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 178 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1410960]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|right|100px|Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Amerika ya Ruguru]] lwopfui6gnlkreucvucl7nei2ele3mf 14 1903 15488 15487 2011-01-01T12:59:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Indimi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Indimi]] 2ti97pae505w5lzcgjl23v7wv6ihs13 0 1971 76313 76053 2021-07-22T22:23:16Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nederlands-Kinyarwanda''' [[Dosiye:Latin_dictionary.jpg|thumb|Inkoranyamagambo y'ikinyarwanda]] [[Dosiye:Sulkhan-Saba_Orbeliani_格鲁吉亚语字典.jpg|thumb|Inkoranyamagambo]] == Intangiriro == Iyi nkoranya yatunganyijwe na [[Habumuremyi Emmanuel]]. Ni agace gato k'umushinga wo gutunganya Inkoranyamagambo y'[[Ikinyarwanda]] n'Icyongereza yiswe "[[Iriza-Starter]]" iboneka kuri [https://archive.org/details/IrizaKinyarwandaEngishAndEnglishKinyarwandaDictionary Archive.org] na [[https://www.webonary.org/kinyarwanda/|Webonary.org/kinyarwanda]]. Turizera ko iyi nkoranya izafasha benshi mu bashaka kwiga [[Ikinyarwanda]] cyangwa se [[igiholandi]]. Ubwo dutegereje ko muzajya mutugezaho ibitekerezo n'ibyifuzo. ====Amagambo atangirwa na A==== *'''aaien''' V. gukuyakuya; gukaresa *'''aamborstigheid''' N. asima *'''aan''' ADV. ugana; kwa; i; ahagama *'''aanbidden''' V. gusingiza *'''aanbiddinggkutiutiu''' N. ibisingizo *'''aanbieden''' N. igitambo *'''aanbinden''' V. gutangira *'''aanbreken van de dag''' N. umuseso *'''aandacht''' ADJ. icyitonderwa; icyo kwitondera; icyo kwitwararika *'''aan de overkant van''' (adverb) ahateganye na; aharebana na [[Dosiye:Proverb_dictionaries.jpg|thumb|Ibitabo bikubiyemo amagambo menshi asobanuye mu indimi zose]] *'''aandienen''' V. kumenyekanisha *'''aandoening''' N. indwara *'''aangenaam''' ADJ. cyiza *'''aangezien''' (adverb) kuko; kubera ko; kubera *'''aanhalen''' V. gukuyakuya; gukaresa *'''aan het einde''' (adverb) inyuma *'''aan hun'''''' PRON. bo *'''aan jou'''''' PRON. mwe *'''aan ons'''''' PRON. twe *'''aanreiken''' V. gutanga; guha *'''aanvliegen''' V. kuguruka *'''aanvoerder''' N. umuyobozi *'''aanwijzing''' N. ibwiriza *'''aan ze'''''' PRON. bo *'''aardrijkskunde''' N. ubumenyi bw'isi *'''aarzelen''' V. gushidikanya *'''aarzeling''' N. ishidikanya; ugushidikanya *'''abacus''' N. ikibarisho *'''abattoir''' N. ibagiro *'''abnormaal''' ADJ. kidasanzwe *'''academie''' N. kaminuza *'''accident''' N. impanuka *'''acht''' ADJ. icyitonderwa; icyo kwitondera; icyo kwitwararika *'''acht ''' ADJ. umunani *'''achtergrond''' N. indiba; intango *'''achterlijf''' N. inda; umudigi *'''adelaar''' N. kagoma *'''adoration''' N. ibisingizo *'''afgetrokken''' N. umunyamazinda *'''afgezonderd''' ADJ. zihariye; cyihariye; yihariye *'''afkorten''' V. guhina; gutubya *'''afkorting''' N. impine *'''afleggen''' V. kureka; kuzibukira; guta; guhara *'''afleren''' V. kwigisha *'''afschaffen''' gusenya; gusesa; gukuraho *'''afschaffing''' N. iseswa *'''afstand''' N. isuhuka; ita; isiga; itererana; ihana *'''afwennen''' V. kwigisha *'''afzonderlijk''' ADJ. zihariye; cyihariye *'''agent''' N. umupolisi *'''aids''' N. sida; icyago cya sida; icyorezo cya sida *'''akkerbouw''' N. ubuhinzi *'''ambitie''' N. umuhate; ishyaka *'''ananas''' N. inanasi *'''arend''' N. kagoma *'''artsenij''' N. umuti *'''attentie''' ADJ. icyitonderwa; icyo kwitwararika; icyo kwitondera *'''auto''' N. imodoka ====Amagambo atangirwa na B==== *'''baan''' N. umuhanda *'''baas''' N. umuyobozi *'''badpak''' N. umwenda wo kogana *'''bagage''' N. umutwaro; umuzigo *'''bakken''' V. guteka *'''bananenbier''' N. urwagwa *'''bandiet''' N. ibandi; umujura; umunyoni *'''bank ''' N. banki *'''bars''' ADJ. igihubutsi *'''bedanken ''' V. gushimira *'''bedaren''' V. gushira ubukana; guhinduka umunyantege nke; gucika intege; gucogora *'''bedeesd''' ADJ. ufite ipfinwe; ufite amasoni *'''bederven''' V. gutetesha *'''bedriegen''' V. kubeshya *'''beginnen''' V. gutangira *'''behaaglijk''' ADJ. cyiza *'''bej ''' (adverb) kwa *'''bejaard ''' ADJ. usheshe akanguhe; umusaza; ushaje; ugeze mu zabukuru *'''bekend ''' ADJ. ikimenyabose; icyamamare; icyogere *'''bekoelen ''' V. gucika intege; guhinduka umunyantege nke; kugabanya ubukana; gucogora *'''bekorten ''' V. guhina; gutubya *'''bekwaam ''' ADJ. ushoboye; gishoboye *'''bekwaamheid ''' N. ubushobozi; ububasha *'''beminnen ''' N. urukundo *'''Bent u mevrouw Janssens? ''' Waba uri madamu Janssens? *'''Bent u ziek? ''' Urarwaye? *'''beoordelen ''' N. umucamanza *'''bepaling ''' N. ibisabwa; ibyo ugomba kuba wujuje; ibyangombwa bisabwa kuzuzwa *'''berechten ''' N. umucamanza *'''beroerd ''' ADJ. kibi *'''bestuurder ''' N. umushoferi *'''bet ''' N. uburiri *'''betalen ''' V. kwishyura; kuriha *'''bevangen ''' ADJ. ufite amasoni; wamwaye; ufite ipfunwe *'''bevelen ''' V. gushyira ku murongo *'''bezem ''' N. umweyo; umukubuzo *'''bh ''' N. isutiye; ishindiriya *'''bidden ''' V. gusenga *'''bieden ''' V. gutanga; kugabira *'''bier ''' N. inzoga *'''bijdrage ''' N. umusanzu *'''bijeenkomen ''' V. guhura *'''bijna ''' (adverb) hafi *'''bijten ''' V. kuruma; kurya *'''binden ''' V. guhambira; kuboha; kuzirika *'''bioscoop ''' N. sinema *'''blad ''' N. ikinyamakuru *'''blauw ''' ADJ. ibara ry'ubururu; ubururu *'''blijdschap ''' N. ibyishimo; umunezero *'''blijken ''' V. kugaragara; gutunguka *'''blik ''' N. umukebe *'''blinken ''' N. gushashagirana *'''blo ''' ADJ. wamwaye; wakozwe n'isoni; ufite ipfunwe *'''bloed ''' N. amaraso *'''bloem ''' N. ururabo; ururabyo; ikimuri *'''blouse ''' N. ikizibaho *'''blozend ''' N. umutuku *'''bodem ''' N. indiba; intango *'''boek ''' N. igitabo *'''boekenwinkel ''' N. iguriro ry'ibitabo *'''boekwinkel ''' N. iguriro ry'ibitabo *'''boel ''' N. imbaga; inteko *'''boer ''' N. umuhinzimworozi *'''boezem ''' N. ibere *'''borst ''' N. ibere *'''borstelen ''' N. uburoso *'''bos ''' N. ishyamba *'''breken ''' N. kumena; kujanjura; kujanjagura; gusatagura *'''brief ''' N. ibaruwa; urwandiko; ibarwa *'''broek ''' N. ipantaro; ipatalo *'''broer ''' N. musaza (wa); umuvandimwe; umuvandimwe (wa) *'''brood ''' N. umugati *'''bruiloft ''' N. ubukwe *'''bruiloftsfeest ''' N. ubukwe *'''burger ''' N. umwenegihugu; umuturage *'''burgerlijk ''' N. umusivili *'''bus ''' N. bisi; otobisi ====Amagambo atangirwa na C==== *'''cadeau''' N. impano; kado *'''café''' N. akabari; kafe *'''capabel''' ADJ. gishoboye; ushoboye *'''ceintuur'''N. umukandara *'''cessie''' N. isuhuka; ita; isiga; itererana *'''chef''' N. umuyobozi; umutware; shefu *'''Christus''' N. Kirisitu; Kirisito *'''civiel''' N. umusivili *'''colbertjas''' N. ikoti *'''computer''' N. [[mudasobwa]] *'''concessie''' N. isuhuka; ita; isiga; itererana; ihana *'''conclusie''' N. umusozo; umwanzuro *'''conditie''' N. ibisabwa; ibya ngombwa; ibyo usabwa kuba wujuje; ibyo ugomba kuba wujuje *'''condoom''' . agakingirizo; kondomu; gapoti; kapote *'''conducteur''' N. umushoferi *'''consigne''' N. ibwiriza *'''couplet''' N. igitero; igitero cy'indirimbo ====Amagambo atangirwa na D==== *'''daar (adverb) kubera ko; kubera; kuko *'''dag''' N. umunsi; Dag''' N. Waramutse?, Waraye? *'''damp''' N. igihu *'''decreteren''' N. iteka *'''de mijne''' PRON. zanjye *'''diabetes''' N. diyabete; indwara y'igisukari; diyabeti *'''dialect''' N. ururimi rw'akarere *'''diamond''' N. diyama *'''die''' ADJ. uriya; iriya; kiriya *'''dinsdag''' N. kuwa kabiri *'''directeur ''' N. umuyobozi; diregiteri; deregiteri *'''dit''' PRON. ino; iyi *'''dit hier''' PRON. ino; iyi *'''dit is normaal (verb transitive) birasanzwe *'''dochter ''' N. umukobwa; umukobwa wa *'''doden''' V. kwica *'''doen ''' V. gukora *'''domicilie''' N. intaho; ubuturo *'''donderdag''' N. kuwa kane *'''doodgaan''' V. gupfa; gutabaruka; kwitaba imana *'''doordat (adverb) kuko; kubera ko; kubera *'''doos''' N. agasanduka *'''drek1''' N. amase *'''drek2''' N. amabyi; amazirantoki *'''drinken''' V. kunywa *'''drol1''' N. amase *'''drol2''' N. amabyi; amazirantoki *'''drom''' N. imbaga; inteko *'''dubben''' V. gushidikanya *'''dwergachtig''' N. igikuri *'''dwingen ''' V. guhata; gushyiraho imbaraga ====Amagambo atangirwa na E==== *'''echec''' N. ugutsindwa *'''echoën''' N. nyiramubande *'''echtbreekster''' N. indaya; indayi; ihabara *'''echtbreker''' N. umusambanyi; umugabo w'umusambanya; umugabo uca inyuma uwo bashakanye *'''echtbreuk''' N. ubusambanyi *'''echtelieden''' N. ikintu kigizwe n'ibintu bibiri *'''echter (adverb) nyamara; gusa *'''echtgenoot''' N. umugabo washatse *'''echtgenote''' N. umugore washatse *'''echtpaar''' N. ikintu kigizwe n'ibintu bibiri *'''echtscheiding''' N. itandukana ry'abashakanye; gatanya; itana *'''echtverbintenis''' N. ugushyingirwa; ubushyingirwe *'''economie''' N. ubukungu; umutungo *'''economisch''' ADJ. cy'ubukungu; kijyanye n'iby'ubukungu *'''eczeem''' N. ibishishi *'''edelen''' N. ubukomangoma *'''edelgesteente''' N. umutako *'''edelman''' N. igikomangoma *'''edik''' N. vinegere *'''eed''' N. indahiro *'''eed van trouw''' N. icyubahiro (gihabwa abakuru, Imana, abitabye Imana) *'''eega''' N. umugabo; umugore *'''eekhoorn''' N. inkima *'''eelt''' N. ikigori *'''een hinderlaag leggen''' V. guca igico *'''Een huis kopen ukugura inzu; kugura inzu *'''eerste''' ADJ. aha mbere; aka mbere; icya mbere; irya mbere; iya mbere; ubwa mbere; ukwa mbere; urwa mbere; uwa mbere *'''eerste les Isomo rya mbere *'''eeuwig (adverb) iteka; iteka ryose; ubuziraherezo *'''eksteroog''' N. ikigori *'''elektriciteit''' N. amashanyarazi *'''elf''' N. cumi na rimwe *'''en (conjunction) na *'''erfelijkheid''' N. akoko *'''eten''' V. kurya; gufungura *'''evalueren ''' N. gusuzuma; kugenzura *'''examen''' N. ikizamini; ibazwa; ikizami *'''ezel''' N. indogobe ====Amagambo atangirwa na F==== *'''faam''' N. impuha; igihuha *'''fabel''' N. umugani *'''fabriceren''' V. gukora; gutunganyiriza mu ruganda *'''fabriek''' N. uruganda; izine *'''familie''' N. umuryango; famiye *'''fiducie''' N. ukwemera; ukwizera; ibyiringiro; amiringiro *'''film''' N. filimi; senema; sinema *'''fles''' N. icupa *'''floers''' N. igihu *'''fluit''' N. umwironge; umwirongi *'''fraaiheid''' N. ubwiza ====Amagambo atangirwa na G==== *'''gaan ''' V. kujya *'''ganieten ''' V. gushimisha *'''gapen''' V. kwayura *'''gauw''' (adverb) vuba; vuba vuba; hutihuti *'''gebieder''' N. umuyobozi *'''geel''' ADJ. umuhondo; ibara ry'umuhondo *'''geen''' PRON. nta : Geen geluk Nta mahirwe *'''geestelijke''' N. umupadiri; umupasitoro; umupasiteri; umupasitori *'''geheiligd''' ADJ. gitagatifu; cyera *'''geitenmelk ''' N. amahenehene; amata y'ihene *'''geloof''' N. ukwemera; amiringiro; ibyiringiro; ukwizera *'''geluk ''' N. amahirwe; ishaba *'''gemakkelijk''' ADJ. cyoroshye; woroshye; yoroshye; bworoshye *'''gemeen''' ADJ. intabwa; cyatereranywe; cyasizwe *'''geneesmiddel''' N. umuti *'''genoeglijk''' ADJ. cyiza *'''geografie''' N. ubumenyi bw'isi *'''getrouwd''' ADJ. washyingiwe : Mijn zoon is nu getrouwd. Umuhungu wanjye ubu yarashyingiwe. *'''geven''' V. gutanga; guha *'''gevolgtrekking''' N. umusozo; umwanzuro *'''geweifel''' N. ishidikanya; ugushidikanya *'''gewijd''' ADJ. gitagatifu; cyera *'''gezang''' N. indirimbo *'''gezin''' N. umuryango *'''glijden ''' V. kunyerera *'''God''' N. Imana *'''goed''' ADJ. mwiza; ryiza; cyiza; nziza; rwiza; keza; bwiza; kwiza Goedendag''' N. Waramutse?, Bwakeye?, Mwabonye Matara atabara?, Mwaraye? *'''goedemorgen''' N. Waramutse?; Waraye? *'''gordel''' N. umukandara *'''goud ''' N. zahabu; inzahabu *'''griep''' N. ibicurane *'''groen''' ADJ. icyatsi; ibara ry'icyatsi; icyatsi kibisi *'''groep ''' N. itsinda; agatsiko; igurupe *'''grond''' N. indiba; intango *'''groot''' ADJ. kinini; cyagutse; kigaye *'''grote stad''' N. umujyi *'''gulden''' N. zahabu; inzahabu ====Amagambo atangirwa na H==== *'''haar''' N. umusatsi; ubwoya *'''haardos''' N. umusatsi; ubwoya *'''half''' N. igice; kimwe cya kabiri *'''haliotis''' N. ikinyamushongo *'''handtasje''' N. agasakoshi; agasakoshi k'abadamu; agakapu; agakapu ko mu ntoki *'''hangen ''' V. kumanika; kubamba *'''hapering''' N. ishidikanya; ugushidikanya *'''hart''' N. umutima *'''hebben ''' V. kugira; -fite : Zij hebben kinderen. Bafite abana. *'''hechte samenwerking ''' N. umubano mwiza *'''Heeft u dan geen werk?''' PHR. Ni ukuvuga ko nta kazi ugira? *'''Heeft u ook een kind? ''' PHR. Nawe ufite umwana? *'''heffen ''' V. guterura *'''heilig''' ADJ. gitagatifu; cyera *'''heilige''' N. umutagatifu *'''held''' N. intwari *'''helpen''' V. gufasha *'''hemd ''' N. ikanzu *'''hemel''' N. ijuru *'''heros''' N. intwari; ingangare *'''het mijne''' PRON. zanjye *'''Het verbaast me dat hij afwezig is ''' PHR. Birantangaje kuba adahari *'''hier''' PRON. hano; aha *'''hierheen''' PRON. hano; aha *'''Hij is aan het eten Ari kurya *'''hoe''' PRON. gute?; -te? *'''Hoe gaat het met u?''' PHR. Amakuru yawe? *'''Hoe gaat het met uw zoon?''' PHR. Amakuru y'umuhungu wawe? *'''Hoe laat is het nu?''' PHR. Ubu ni saa ngahe? *'''Hoe maakt u het?''' PHR. Amakuru?; Amakuru ki? *'''Hoe maakt uw zoon het?''' PHR. Amakuru y'umuhungu wawe? *'''Holland''' N. Ubuholandi *'''Hollander''' N. umuholandi *'''hond ''' N. imbwa *'''hondje ''' N. akabwa; ikibwana *'''honds''' ADJ. igihubutsi *'''honing''' N. ubuki; umutsama *'''hoofdkussen''' N. umusego *'''hoofdpijn''' N. indwara y'umutwe *'''hoop''' N. imbaga; inteko *'''hoorn''' N. ihembe *'''houden van''' N. urukundo *'''huis''' N. umuryango *'''huis ''' N. inzu : Heeft u een huis? Ufite inzu?; urugo *'''huisdeur''' N. umuryango w'inzu *'''huisgezin''' N. umuryango *'''huiswaarts''' N. imuhira; mu rugo *'''Hutu''' N. umuhutu *'''huwelijksweken''' N. ukwezi kwa buki ====Amagambo atangirwa na I==== *'''ichneumon''' N. umukara; umutereri *'''idee''' N. igitekerezo *'''identiek''' ADJ. bihuye; bihuje; bisa; buhuje kamere *'''identificeren''' V. kuvumbura *'''ideologie''' N. ingengabitekerezo *'''ijver''' N. ishyaka; umuhate *'''Ik heb en huis maar ik heb geen wagen Mfite inzu ariko singira imodoka *'''Ik heb geen schulden Singira imyenda (amadeni) *'''immoreel''' ADJ. intabwa; cyatereranywe; cyatawe *'''in de morgen''' (adverb) mbere ya saa sita; mugitondo *'''influenza''' N. ibicurane *'''inkorten''' V. guhina; gutubya *'''instructie''' N. ibwiriza *'''interessant''' ADJ. gishamaje *'''inzittende''' N. umugenzi *'''Is uw dochter ook ziek? Umukobwa awawe na we ararwaye? *'''Is u ziek? Urarwaye? ====Amagambo atangirwa na J==== *'''ja (adverb) yego *'''jammer''' ADJ. bibabaje : Dat is jammer! Birababaje! *'''jij''' PRON. wowe *'''jongen''' N. umuhungu *'''jou''' PRON. wowe *'''journaliste''' N. umunyamakuru *'''juffrouw''' N. madamazela; umukobwa ====Amagambo atangirwa na K==== *'''kaart''' N. ikarita *'''kaas''' N. foromaji *'''kakken''' V. kwituma; kunnya; gusarana *'''kanarie''' N. inyoni *'''kapotje''' N. agakingirizo; kapote; gapoti; kondomu *'''kapster''' N. umwogoshi; kimyozi *'''karpet''' N. umukeka; umusambi; itapi *'''Kent hij de directeur van de bank? Uzi umuyobozi wa banki? *'''kerk''' N. urusengero; kiliziya *'''Kerstfeest''' N. Noheri *'''keuken ''' N. igikoni; icyikoni *'''keuring''' N. ikizamini; ikizami; ibazwa *'''keutel1''' N. amase *'''keutel2''' N. amabyi; amazirantoki *'''kiezen ''' V. guhitamo *'''kijken ''' V. kureba; kurora *'''kijker''' N. ijisho *'''kinderen (pl noun) abana *'''klas''' N. ishuri *'''klasse''' N. ishuri *'''kleding ''' N. umwenda *'''kleed''' N. itapi; umusambi; umukeka *'''kleinmaken''' V. guca bugufi; kutiremereza; kwiyoroshya *'''klimmen ''' V. kurira *'''kloppen''' V. gukomanga *'''knapheid''' N. ubwiza *'''knorren''' V. kugona; gufurura *'''komen kuza; kugaruka *'''kool''' N. ishu *'''kop ''' N. umutwe w'inyamaswa *'''kopen''' V. kugura *'''korte jas ''' N. ikoti *'''kous ''' N. isogisi *'''krant''' N. ikinyamakuru *'''kruis ''' N. umusaraba *'''kundig''' ADJ. gishoboye; ushoboye *'''kundigheid''' N. ubushobozi; ububasha *'''kwaad''' ADJ. kibi *'''kwaal''' N. indwara *'''kwalijk''' ADJ. kibi ====Amagambo atangirwa na L==== *'''lamp''' N. itara; itadowa *'''landkaart''' N. ikarita *'''lawaai''' N. urusaku; isahaha *'''lekker ''' ADJ. cyiza; kinoze *'''lerares''' N. umwarimu; umwigisha; umurezi *'''les''' N. isomo; icyigwa; inyigisho *'''lid ''' N. umuyoboke *'''lied ''' N. indirimbo *'''liefhebben''' N. urukundo *'''liefkozen''' V. gukuyakuya; gukaresa *'''likdoorn''' N. ikigori *'''links (adverb) ibumoso *'''lucht1''' N. ijuru *'''lucht2''' N. umwuka *'''lui''' ADJ. umunebwe; inyanda *'''luiheid''' N. ubunebwe; ubunyanda *'''luwen''' V. gucika intege; kugabanya ubukana; gucogora ==== Amagambo atangirwa na M==== *'''ma''' N. mama; mawe *'''maag''' N. igifu *'''maagdelijk''' ADJ. isugi *'''maak''' V. gukora *'''maan ''' N. ukwezi *'''maand''' N. ukwezi *'''maandag''' N. kuwa mbere *'''maandelijks (adverb) buri kwezi *'''maar''' (conjunction) nyamara; gusa *'''maar''' (adverb) ariko *'''maart''' N. ukwezi kwa gatatu; Werurwe *'''macaroni''' N. makaroni *'''maffen''' V. gusinzira *'''mais''' N. ikigori *'''maïs''' N. ikigori *'''maken''' V. gukora; guhanga ikintu *'''mam''' N. mama; mawe *'''mamma''' N. mama; mawe *'''mammie''' N. mama; mawe *'''man ''' N. umugabo *'''margarine''' N. marigarine *'''massa''' N. imbaga; inteko *'''mat''' ADJ. urushye; kirushye *'''medicijn''' N. umuti *'''mediteren''' V. kuzirikana *'''meisje''' N. umukobwa *'''meisjesschool''' N. ishuri ry'abakobwa *'''melig''' ADJ. kiruhije; kiruhanije *'''meneer ''' N. bwana : Wie is die meneer daar? Uriya mugabo ni nde? *'''menigte''' N. imbaga; inteko *'''mes''' N. icyuma; umushyo; indiga *'''mevrouw''' N. umugore; madamu *'''middag''' N. saa sita z'amanywa *'''mijn ''' ADJ. cyanjye; wanjye; ryanjye; yanjye; rwanjye; kanjjye; bwanjye; kwanjye *'''mijn vrouw umugore wanjye; umufasha wanjye''' *'''Mijn zoon is niet thuis Umuhungu wanjye ntari mu rugo''' *'''mijn zoon is ook in bed umuhungu wanjye na we ari mu buriri''' *'''mik''' N. umugati *'''minuscuul''' N. igikuri *'''misschien''' (adverb) ahari; umenya; umenya ahari; birashoboka ko *'''mist''' N. igihu *'''moe''' ADJ. urushye; kirushye *'''mooi''' ADJ. cyiza; nziza : De familie Van Dam heeft een mooi huis. Umuryango wa Van Dam ufite inzu nziza. *'''multinational''' ADJ. mpuzamahugu *'''multipliceren''' (verb); gukuba *'''muskiet''' N. umubu; umuryasenge *'''muskietengaas''' N. inzitiramubu *'''muskietennet''' N. inzitiramubu *'''muur ''' N. urukuta rw'amatafari ==== Amagambo atangirwa na N==== *'''naamgever''' N. sogokuru; sekuru *'''naar''' (adverb) ugana; werekeza; mu : '''''Ik ga naar Nederland'''. Ngiye mu Buholandi''.; i : '''''Ik ga naar Amsterdam.''' Ngiye i Amusiteridamu.''; muri : '''''Ik ga nooit naar een café'''. Sinjya njya mu kabari.'' *'''Naar het station Werekeza kuri sitasiyo''' *'''naar huis''' (adverb) imuhira; mu rugo *'''nadenken''' V. kuzirikana *'''n.b.''' N. icyitonderwa *'''Nederlands ''' N. igiholandi : Ik versta geen Nederlands. Sinumva igiholandi. *'''nee''' (adverb) oya; ntibishoboka; ihi!; u u! *'''neus ''' N. izuru *'''nevel''' N. igihu *'''niemand''' ADJ. nta (muntu) *'''niet''' ADJ. nta *'''nieuwigheid''' N. amakuru *'''nieuws''' N. amakuru *'''nieuwsgierig''' ADJ. umunyamatsiko *'''nieuwtje''' N. amakuru *'''noen''' N. saa sita z'amanywa *'''nors''' ADJ. igihubutsi *'''noten ''' N. icyitonderwa *'''nu''' (adverb) ubu : Nu is er een film. Ubu hari filimi yerekanwa.; nonaha *'''nurks''' ADJ. igihubutsi *'''Nyiginya ''' N. umunyiginya ==== Amagambo atangirwa na O==== *'''oeffening ''' N. umwitozo *'''of''' (adverb) cyangwa *'''offeren''' N. igitambo *'''olifant''' N. inzovu *'''omdat''' (adverb) kuko; kubera ko; kubera *'''onaardig''' ADJ. igihubutsi *'''onbestaanbaar''' ADJ. kidashoboka *'''onderbroek ''' N. ikabutura *'''ondergrond''' (noun); indiba; intango *'''onderlijf''' N. inda; umudigi *'''onderwijzeres''' N. umwarimu; umwigisha; umurezi *'''onderzoek''' N. ikizami; ikizamini; ibazwa *'''ongeluk''' N. impanuka *'''ongeval''' N. impanuka *'''onmogelijk''' ADJ. kidashoboka *'''ontlasting1''' N. amase *'''ontlasting2''' N. amabyi; amazirantoki *'''ontlasting hebben''' V. kunnya; kwituma; gusarana *'''ontvanger ''' N. umukoreshakoro; porosobuteri *'''onzedelijk''' ADJ. intabwa; cyatereranywe; cyatawe *'''oog''' N. ijisho *'''ooglid''' N. urugohe; ingohe *'''oom''' N. marume; nyokorome; nyirarume *'''oor''' N. ugutwi *'''oordelen''' N. umucamanza *'''oorlogsfilm''' N. filimi y'intambara *'''op de achtersteven''' (adverb) igice kigana inyuma h'ubwato cyangwa indege *'''opgeven''' V. kureka; kuzibukira; guta; guhara *'''opofferen''' N. igitambo *'''oppas''' N. umurezi w'abana; umuyaya *'''opperste''' ADJ. umukuru *'''oud''' ADJ. gishaje; ushaje; rishaje *'''overal''' (adverb) aho ariho hose; ahantu hose *'''overerfelijkheid''' N. akoko *'''overhandigen''' N. ikiganza *'''overhemd ''' N. ikanzu *'''overlijden''' V. gupfa; gutabaruka; kwitaba imana ==== Amagambo atangirwa na P==== *'''paar ''' N. bike; ikaramu *'''pak ''' N. igipfunyika; ivarisi *'''pakje''' N. igipfunyika; ipaki *'''paraplu ''' N. umutaka *'''passagier''' N. umugenzi *'''pastoor''' N. umupadiri; umusaseridoti; umupasitoro; umupasitori; umupasiteri *'''pastor''' N. umupadiri; umupasiteri; umupasitoro; umupasitori; umuherezabitambo *'''paus''' N. Papa; Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika *'''peet''' N. sogokuru; sekuru *'''peetvader''' N. sogokuru; sekuru *'''peinzen''' V. kuzirikana *'''penis''' N. ubugabo; imboro; igitsina cy'umugabo *'''peter''' N. sogokuru; sekuru *'''pimpelen''' V. kunywa *'''plaat ''' N. ishusho *'''poederwolk ''' N. umucucu; umukungugu *'''poepen''' V. kwituma; kunnya; gusarana *'''politie''' N. polisi; umupolisi *'''politieagent''' N. umupolisi *'''politiebureau''' N. ibiro bya polisi *'''politiepost''' N. ibiro bya polisi *'''praten''' V. kuvuga *'''prevalent''' ADJ. umukuru *'''prijs''' N. igiciro *'''prijsgeven''' V. kureka; kuzibukira; guta; guhara; guhana *'''probleem''' N. ikibazo; ingorane *'''psalm''' N. zaburi ==== Amagambo atangirwa na R==== *'''raam ''' N. idirishya *'''recht''' N. itegeko *'''reis1''' N. urugendo; uruzinduko *'''reis2''' N. uruzinduko; uruzindu; urugendo *'''restaurant ''' N. uburiro; resitora *'''reticule''' N. agasakoshi; agashakoshi ko mu ntoki; agakapu k'abadamu; agakapu *'''riem''' N. umukandara *'''rijst ''' N. umuceri *'''rok ''' N. ijipo; ingutiya *'''roken''' V. kunywa itabi *'''ronken''' V. kugona; gufurura *'''rood''' ADJ. umutuku; ibara ry'umutuku *'''route''' N. umuhanda *'''rover''' N. ibandi; umujura; umunyoni ==== Amagambo atangirwa na S==== *'''saai ''' ADJ. kiruhije; kiruhanije *'''sacraal ''' ADJ. gitagatifu; cyera *'''salade''' N. salade *'''salaris ''' N. umushahara; igihembo *'''samenkomen''' V. guhura *'''schaduwen ''' N. umurizo *'''schapenmelk ''' N. amatamatama; amata y'intama *'''schoen ''' N. urukweto; ikirato *'''schooljuffrouw''' N. umwarimu; umwigisha; umurezi *'''schoonheid''' N. ubwiza *'''schoonmoeder ''' N. mabukwe; nyokobukwe; nyirabukwe *'''schoorvoeten''' V. gushidikanya *'''schouwburg ''' N. inzu y'amakinamico *'''schrijven''' V. kwandika *'''schuieren''' N. uburoso *'''sigaret''' N. isegereti; itabi; isigara *'''sjaal''' N. fulari *'''slaatje''' N. salade *'''slachterij''' N. ibagiro *'''slachthuis''' N. ibagiro *'''slapen ''' V. gusinzira *'''slecht ''' ADJ. kibi *'''snorken''' V. kugona; gufurura *'''snorren''' V. gushaka; gushakisha; gushakashakisha *'''snurken''' V. kugona; gufurura *'''sokken''' N. isogisi *'''soon''' N. umuhungu; umuhungu wa *'''spelen''' V. gukina *'''springen''' V. gusimbuka *'''staan''' V. guhagarara; kuba uhagaze *'''staatsburger''' N. umuturage; umuturagihugu; umwenegihugu *'''stadhuis''' N. hoteli yo mu mujyi : Mijn dochter werkt nu op het stadhuis. Ubu umukobwa wanjye akorera muri hoteli yo mu mujyi. *'''stamvader''' N. umukurambere *'''stand''' N. ishuri *'''station''' N. gare; ikigo bategeramo imodoka *'''steen''' N. ibuye; itafari *'''sterven''' V. gupfa; kwitaba imana; gutabaruka *'''stoppen''' V. guhagarika *'''straat''' N. umuhanda; ibarabara *'''strelen''' V. gukuyakuya; gukaresa *'''struikrover''' N. ibandi; umujura; umunyoni *'''student''' N. umunyeshuri *'''studie''' V. kwiga *'''suikerziekte''' N. diabeti; indwara y'igisukari; diyabete *'''superieur''' ADJ. umukuru ==== Amagambo atangirwa na T==== *'''taai''' ADJ. kiruhije; kiruhanije *'''taak ''' N. umurimo; ikiraka *'''taal''' N. ururimi *'''taalleraar''' N. umwarimu w'indimi *'''tafel ''' N. ameza *'''tak''' N. ishami *'''tand''' N. iryinyo *'''tandenborstel''' N. uburoso bw'amenyo *'''tandpasta''' N. umuti w'amenyo; kologati *'''tapijt''' N. itapi; umusambi *'''tas''' N. igikapu; umufuka *'''tasje''' N. agakapu; agakapu ko mu ntoki; agasakoshi; agasakoshi k'abadamu *'''taxi ''' N. tagisi *'''teen''' N. ino *'''telegram''' N. telegaramu *'''televisie ''' N. televiziyo *'''telraam''' N. ikibarisho *'''temperatuur''' N. igipimo cy'ubushyuhe; ubushyuhe bw'ahantu *'''theelepeltje''' N. akayiko *'''tien''' ADJ. icumi *'''tijd ''' N. igihe : Hej heeft geen tijd. Nta gihe afite. *'''tijdelijk''' ADJ. by'igihe gito; mu gihe cyagateganyo *'''timide''' ADJ. umunamasoni; ufite ipfunwe; wamwaye *'''timmerman''' N. umubaji *'''tocht''' N. uruzindu; uruzinduko; urugendo *'''toegeving''' N. itererana; isuhuka; ita; isiga *'''toer''' N. uruzindu; urugendo; uruzinduko *'''toerisme''' N. ubukerarugendo *'''toerist''' N. umukerarugendo *'''tong''' N. ururimi *'''tongval''' N. ururimi rw'akarere *'''toonbeeld''' N. urugero *'''treden''' V. gutambuka; kugenda *'''trekken''' V. gukurura *'''trip''' N. urugendo; uruzindu; uruzinduko *'''Tutsi''' N. umututsi *'''Twa''' N. umutwa *'''twee ''' Num. kabiri; babiri; ibiri; abiri; bibiri; ebyiri; bubiri; tubiri *'''tweede''' ADJ. wa kabiri; ba kabiri; ya kabiri; rya kabiri; cya kabiri; bya kabiri; za kabiri; rwa kabiri; ka kabiri; twa kabiri; bwa kabiri; kwa kabiri; ha kabiri ==== Amagambo atangirwa na U==== *'''u''' PRON. wowe *'''uier''' N. icebe *'''uit de mode''' ADJ. kitagezweho; kitajyanye n'igihe *'''uitgesloten''' ADJ. kidashoboka *'''uitkijken naar''' V. gushaka; gushakisha; gushakashakisha *'''uitspraak''' N. imivugirwe; inoboramvugo *'''uit vrije wil''' (adverb) n'ubushake *'''uitzien naar''' V. gushaka; gushakisha; gushakashakisha *'''universiteit''' N. kaminuza *'''uur''' N. isaha *'''uw''' ADJ. cyawe; wawe; ryawe; yawe : Waar is uw wagen? Imodoka yawe iri he?; bwawe; kwawe; hawe *'''uw dochter umukobwa wawe?''' *'''uw zoon umuhungu wawe''' ====Amagambo atangirwa na V==== *'''vagina''' N. igituba; igitsina cy'umugore *'''vallen''' V. kugwa; kwitura hasi; gutembagara *'''van''' PRON. cya; wa; ya; rwa; bwa; kwa; ha *'''vandaag''' (adverb) uyu munsi; none *'''vannacht''' (adverb) iri joro *'''varen''' V. kugashya; kuvugama *'''vechten''' V. kurwana; gusekurana *'''veel''' (adverb) cyane; bikabije *'''veranda''' N. urubaraza; ibaraza *'''verdwijnen''' V. kuzimira; kubura; kurenga; guhenengera *'''vergaderen''' V. guhura *'''vergallen''' N. uburozi *'''vergemakkelijken''' V. korohereza *'''vergeten''' V. kwibagirwa; kugira amazinda *'''vergeven''' N. uburozi *'''vergiftigen''' N. uburozi *'''verjaardag''' N. umunsi ngarukamwaka; aniveriseri *'''verlichten''' V. korohereza *'''verliezen''' V. kubura; gutakaza *'''vermenigvuldigen''' V. gukuba *'''vermijden''' V. kwirinda; kwihunza *'''vermoeid''' ADJ. urushye; kirushye *'''vermoeiend''' ADJ. kiruhije; kiruhanije *'''vernederen''' V. guca bugufi; kutiremereza; kwiyoroshya *'''vernedering''' V. ugucisha bugufi; uguca bugufi; ukutikuza; ukwiyoroshya *'''verootmoedigen''' V. kwiyoroshya; guca bugufi; kutiremereza *'''verootmoediging''' N. ugucisha bugufi; uguca bugufi; ukwiyoroshya *'''verordenen''' N. iteka *'''verplichting tot bijbetaling ''' N. imisanzu y'inyongera *'''verstrooid''' N. umunyamazinda *'''vertrouwen''' N. ukwemera; ukwizera; amiringiro; ibyiringiro *'''verzekeraar ''' N. umwishingizi *'''vijf''' ADJ. gatanu; batanu; itanu; atanu; bitanu; eshanu; butanu; dutanu; hatanu *'''vijfde''' ADJ. uwa gatanu; iya gatanu; aba gatanu; irya gatanu; aya gatanu; icya gatanu; ibya gatanu; iza gatanu; urwa gatanu; ubwa gatanu; ukwa gatanu; aha gatanu; utwa gatanu *'''Vijf over half vier Saa cyenda n'iminota mirongo itatu n'itanu''' *'''vinden''' V. kubona; kuvumbura *'''vinger''' N. urutoki; ikidori *'''vissen''' N. ifi; isamake *'''visser''' N. umurobyi *'''visverkoper''' N. umurobyi *'''Vlaams''' N. igifulama; ururimi rw'igifulama *'''Vlaanderen''' N. Akarere gatuwe n'abafurama; Fulandere *'''Vlaming''' N. Umufulama *'''vloerkleed''' N. itapi; umusambi; umukeka; umukeka *'''voetbal''' N. umupira w'amaguru; futuboro *'''vogel''' N. inyoni *'''volontair''' N. umukorerabushake; umukoranabushake *'''von''' PRON. za *'''voorbeeld''' N. urugero *'''voor de middag (adverb) mbere ya saa sita *'''voor eeuwig''' (adverb) iteka; iteka ryose; ubuziraherezo *'''voorvader''' N. umukurambere *'''voorwaarde''' N. ibisabwa; ibyo usabwa kuba wujuje; ibyo ugomba kuba wujuje *'''voorzaat''' N. umukurambere *'''vragen''' V. gusaba; kubaza *'''vriendin''' N. inshuti *'''vriezen''' V. guhinduka ubutita; gukonja *'''vrijdag''' N. kuwa gatanu *'''vrijwilliger''' N. umukorerabushake; umukoranabushake *'''vroeg ''' (adverb) kare; hakiri kare *'''vuil ''' ADJ. cyanduye; wanduye *'''vuur''' N. ishyaka; umuhate *'''vuur ''' N. umuriro ====Amagambo atangirwa na W==== *'''waar''' ADJ. hehe?; he? *'''Waarin staat dat?''' Biri mu ki? *'''Waarmee komt hij?''' Aje n'iki? *'''waarom''' ADJ. kubera iki? *'''Waarom ga je zo vroeg?''' PHR. Kuki ugiye kare? *'''Waarop wacht ze?''' PHR. Ategereje iki? *'''Waarover spreken ze?''' PHR. Baravuga iki? *'''wagen''' N. imodoka *'''wassen''' V. koga; gukaraba; kwiyuhagira *'''water ''' N. amazi *'''Wat wenst u?''' PHR. Ushaka iki?; Murashaka iki? *'''Weet u wat dat woord betekent?''' PHR. Muzi icyo iri jambo risobanura? *'''weg''' N. umuhanda *'''wenkbrauw''' N. igitsike *'''wereldstad''' N. umujyi *'''werk ''' N. akazi *'''Misschien is er geen werk.''' PHR. Hashobora kuba nta kazi gahari.; umurimo *'''werpen''' V. kujugunya; kunaga *'''weten''' V. kumenya; -zi; kuba uzi ikintu *'''wijn ''' N. divayi; vino *'''wijten''' V. kwitirira; guhamya *'''wijzen''' V. kwerekana; kugaragaza *'''willen''' V. gushaka; kwifuza *'''winnen''' V. gutsinda; kuronka; gutsindira *'''woensdag''' N. kuwa gatatu *'''wonen ''' V. kuba; gutura *'''woonplaats''' N. intaho; ubuturo *'''worden''' V. guhinduka; kuvamo; kuvukamo *'''woud''' N. ishyamba ====Amagambo atangirwa na Y==== *'''yoga''' N. yoga; umukino wa yoga *'''yoghurt''' N. yawurute ====Amagambo atangirwa na Z==== *'''zak''' N. igikapu; umufuka *'''zakdoek''' N. umushwara; umuswaro *'''zang''' N. indirimbo *'''zeggen''' V. kuvuga; kugamba *'''Ze is thuis''' Ari mu rugo; Ari imuhira *'''zenden''' V. kohereza *'''Ze werkt nu heel goed''' Muri iki gihe akora neza *'''Ze zijn weer an het drinken''' Bongeye bari kunywa. *'''ziekte''' N. indwara *'''zien''' V. kureba; kubona *'''zijn''' V. kuba *'''ik ben''' ndi *'''je bent''' *'''jij bent''' *'''u bent''' uri *'''hij is''' *'''ze is''' *'''zij is''' *'''het is''' ni *'''we zijn''' *'''wij zijn''' turi *'''jullie zijn''' muri *'''ze zijn''' *'''zij zijn ''' ni *'''zingen''' V. kuririmba *'''zitten''' V. kwicara; kuba wicaye *'''zoeken''' V. gushaka *'''zondag''' N. ku cyumweru *'''zonneschijn''' N. izuba *'''zuipen''' V. kunywa *'''zullen''' V. gushaka *'''zusje''' N. mushiki; mushiki (wa) *'''zwart''' ADJ. ibara ry'umukara; umukara; umukara tsiriri *'''zwemmen''' V. koga *'''zwijgen''' V. guceceka; gucweza; kuryumaho [[Category:Kinyarwanda]] b8qec12mxaw7d4attsxiwklw6y7zq0c 0 2005 82752 73397 2022-05-03T01:54:20Z BevoLJ 10818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tanzaniya</font>]] [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|thumb]] [[File:Tanzania in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tanzaniya</font>]] '''Tanzaniya''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Yunze Ubumwe ya Tanzaniya''' (izina mu [[giswayili]]: ''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''United Republic of Tanzania'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba. [[Umujyi]] mukuru wa Tanzaniya witwa [[Dodoma]]. Tanzaniya (/ ˌtænzəˈniːə /, [14] [15] [icyitonderwa 2] Igiswahiri: Agace k'ibiyaga bigari. Irahana imbibi na Uganda mu majyaruguru; Kenya mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba; Ibirwa bya Comoro n'Inyanja y'Ubuhinde mu burasirazuba; Mozambique na Malawi mu majyepfo; Zambiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba; n'u [[Rwanda]], u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba. Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, umusozi muremure wa Afurika, uri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Tanzaniya. Ibisigazwa byinshi by’ibinyabuzima byavumbuwe muri Tanzaniya, nk’ibinyabuzima bya Pliocene bimaze imyaka miriyoni 6. Ubwoko bwa Australopithecus bwabaye muri Afrika yose hashize imyaka 4 kugeza kuri 2; n'ibisigazwa bya kera cyane byo mu bwoko bwa Homo tubisanga hafi y'Ikiyaga cya Olduvai. Nyuma yo kuzamuka kwa Homo erectus mu myaka miriyoni 1.8 ishize, ikiremwamuntu cyakwirakwiriye ku Isi Kera, nyuma mu Isi Nshya na Ositaraliya munsi y’ubwoko bwa Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens nayo yarengeje Afurika kandi ikurura ubwoko bwa kera bwakera nubwoko bwikiremwamuntu. Amwe mu moko ya kera azwi akiriho, Hadzabe, asa nkaho yakomotse muri Tanzaniya, kandi amateka yabo yo mu kanwa aributsa abakurambere bari barebare kandi babaye aba mbere mu gukoresha umuriro, imiti, kandi babaga mu buvumo, nka Homo erectus cyangwa Homo heidelbergensis wabaga mu karere kamwe mbere yabo. Nyuma mu gihe cy'Amabuye na Bronze, abimukira mbere ya kera muri Tanzaniya barimo abavuga Cushitike y'Amajyepfo bimukiye mu majyepfo bava muri Etiyopiya y'ubu; na Nilote y'Amajyepfo, harimo na Datoog, wakomotse mu karere gahana imbibi na Sudani y'Amajyepfo na Etiyopiya hagati y’imyaka 2.900 na 2.400 ishize. [16]: urupapuro rwa 18 Izi ngendo zabaye mu gihe kimwe no gutura kwa Mashariki. Bantu ukomoka muri Afrika yuburengerazuba mu kiyaga cya Victoria no mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Nyuma yaho bimukiye mu bindi bihugu bya Tanzaniya hagati yimyaka 2.300 na 1.700 ishize. [16] Ubutegetsi [[Abadage|bw'Abadage]] bwatangiriye ku mugabane wa Tanzaniya mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 igihe Ubudage bwashingaga Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubudage. Ibyo byakurikiwe n’ubutegetsi bw’Abongereza nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, umugabane w’igihugu wategekwaga nka Tanganyika, hamwe na Archipelago ya Zanzibar hasigaye ububasha bw’abakoloni. Nyuma y'ubwigenge bwabo mu 1961 na 1963, izo nzego zombi zishyize hamwe mu 1964 zishyiraho Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya. Ibihugu byari byinjiye mu muryango w’Ubwongereza mu 1961 kandi Tanzaniya iracyari umunyamuryango wa Commonwealth nka repubulika imwe. Umuryango w'abibumbye wavuze ko abaturage ba Tanzaniya mu mwaka wa 2018 bagera kuri miliyoni 56.31, ukaba ari muto ugereranije na Afurika y'Epfo, bityo kikaba igihugu cya kabiri gituwe cyane giherereye mu majyepfo ya Ekwateri. [7] Abaturage bagizwe n’amoko agera ku 120, [20] y’indimi, n’amadini. Igihugu cyigenga cya Tanzaniya ni repubulika ishingiye ku itegekonshinga rya perezida kandi kuva mu 1996 umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Dodoma aho ibiro bya perezida, Inteko ishinga amategeko, na minisiteri zimwe na zimwe biherereye. Dar es Salaam, ahahoze ari umurwa mukuru, igumana ibiro byinshi bya leta kandi niwo mujyi munini mu gihugu, icyambu gikuru, ndetse n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kiyoboye. [18] [22] [23] Tanzaniya ni igihugu cy’ishyaka rimwe gifite ishyaka rya demokarasi Chama Cha Mapinduzi ku butegetsi. Tanzaniya ni imisozi kandi ifite amashyamba menshi mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, aho umusozi wa Kilimanjaro uherereye. Bitatu mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika biri muri Tanzaniya. Mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba hari ikiyaga kinini cya Afurika, ikiyaga kinini cya Afurika, n'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, ikiyaga kinini cyane cyo ku mugabane wa Afurika, kizwiho amoko yihariye y'amafi. Mu majyepfo hari ikiyaga cya Malawi. Inkombe y'iburasirazuba irashyushye kandi itoshye, hamwe na Zanzibar Archipelago ku nkombe gusa. Agace ko kubungabunga Menai Bay ni agace kanini ka Zanzibar karinzwe. Isumo rya Kalambo, riherereye ku mugezi wa Kalambo ku mupaka wa Zambiya, ni isumo rya kabiri ridasubirwaho muri Afurika. [[Ubukirisitu]] ni ryo dini rinini muri Tanzaniya, ariko kandi hari umubare munini w'Abayisilamu n'Aba Animiste. Indimi zirenga 100 zivugwa muri Tanzaniya, kikaba igihugu gitandukanye cyane mu ndimi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Igihugu ntigifite ururimi rwemewe, [27] nubwo ururimi rwigihugu ari Igiswahiri. Igiswahiri gikoreshwa mu mpaka z’abadepite, mu nkiko zo hasi, no mu rwego rwo kwigisha mu mashuri abanza. Icyongereza gikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga, muri diplomasi, mu nkiko zisumbuye, no mu rwego rwo kwigisha mu mashuri yisumbuye ndetse n’ayisumbuye, [26] nubwo guverinoma ya Tanzaniya iteganya guhagarika icyongereza nkururimi rwibanze rw’inyigisho ariko bizaboneka nk amasomo atabishaka. Abagera kuri 10 ku ijana by'Abanyatanzaniya bavuga Igiswahiri nk'ururimi rwa mbere, naho abagera kuri 90 ku ijana bavuga ururimi rwa kabiri.[[File:Dar_es_salaam_City.jpg|thumb|Dar es salaam City]] [[File:Bank_of_Tanzania_golden_hour.jpg|thumb|Bank of Tanzania golden hour]] [[File:Anglican_Cathedral_of_Holy_Spirit_in_Dodoma.jpg|thumb|Anglican Cathedral of Holy Spirit in Dodoma]] * [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]][[File:Roundabout_in_Dodoma_Region.jpg|thumb|Roundabout in Dodoma Region]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Tanzaniya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ge1u1q4q26j2fnpa1scpb99mdg4kf83 0 2010 78297 64600 2021-08-24T01:36:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jacob wrestling the angel 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yakobo</font>]] '''Yakobo''', Umuhungu wa Izaki. Akaba yarabyaye abana 12, ariyo miryango 12 y'[[Abisraeli]]. [[Dosiye:Christmas Bible.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Iyobokamana]] comc6uwgb69b5ivlrd29i1rod5602ld 0 2024 77807 77340 2021-08-17T13:15:52Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kigali_Convention_Centre.jpg|Kigali_Convention_Centre.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: Found on the following website dated 2018-09-28 and stated "", copyr wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EZMJ0xXUcAAn0Ph.jpg|thumb|inzu mberabyombi ya kigali arena|alt=|left]] Kigali ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni umujyi uherereye hagati mu gihugu ukaba ufite abaturage 1,095,000 (mu mwaka wa 2019) Ni wo mujyi nkingi w'ubukungu n' umuco by'igihugu. Imihanda yose yo mu gihugu ni ho itangirira akaba ari yo nkingi ya transiporo. Ibiro bya za Ministeri, n'ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mugi. 70% by'umugi ni uduce tw'icyaro. == Amateka == Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. Umurwa mukuru , akaba ari naho umwami yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukur w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', —aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo . Nubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya Genocide, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[File:KN3_Road_Deloitte_Kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru]] [[File:Kigali airport - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1).jpg|thumb|ikibuga cy'indega cya kanombe- Flickr - Dave Proffer (1)]][[File:Suburban_Sprawl_in_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali]] == Imiyoboro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] jtonq87cgkc5e8xdmn0vg5lmysx2pnm 4 2037 6056 5827 2007-11-16T13:40:44Z Drini 132 wikitext text/x-wiki == Pages locked from recreation == <small>1.3 : [en] '''Administrators:''' add a new line here to stop pages being created : [es] '''Administradores:''' añadan una nueva línea para evitar que una página vuelva a ser creada : [nl] '''Beheerders:''' voeg hier een nieuwe regel toe om het aanmaken van pagina's te voorkomen : [it] '''Amministratori:''' aggiungete una riga qui per impedire la creazione di altre pagine : [de] '''Administratoren:''' hier eine neue Zeile hinzufügen, um das Neueinstellen einer Seite zu verhindern :[ms] '''Penyelia:''' sila tambah baris baru untuk menghalang laman tersebut dicipta <small>(Jika sudah mempunyai laman ini dengan tajuk berbeza, sila alihkannya ke sini)</small> </small> ====bot entries ==== * {{:*}} * {{:Can not be against traditional law}} * {{:divergent money}} * {{:divergent money and power}} * {{:divergent moneyaction}} * {{:eu american japon language friendship}} * {{:english usa divergent friendship}} * {{:get europe and usa science kind}} * {{:Get power and money divergent}} * {{:get science kind}} * {{:survival of all human up to divergent}} * {{:National science2}} * {{:National science3}} * {{:National science4}} * {{:National science5}} * {{:National science6}} == index.php == * {{:Talk:Main page/}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/w/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki Talk:Ipb cant unblock/w/w/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki talk:Ipb already blocked/wiki/MediaWiki talk:Ipb already blocked/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki talk:Ipb already blocked/wiki/MediaWiki talk:Ipb already blocked/w/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/index.php}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/w/index.php}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/w/w/index.php}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:Talk:Main Page/w/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:Main Page/index.php}} * {{:Main Page/w/index.php}} * {{:Main 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invalid/wiki/MediaWiki talk:Ipb expiry invalid/w/w/w/index.php}} * {{:MediaWiki talk:Ipb expiry invalid/wiki/MediaWiki talk:Ipb expiry invalid/w/w/w/w/index.php}} 2y3r6gmrok85jwcnw8038oo0aogmq7s 0 2038 77918 77916 2021-08-18T16:16:39Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|thumb|]] '''Ikinyobwa''': [[amata]], [[ikivuguto]], [[amazi]], [[ikyeri]], [[icyayi]], [[ikawa]], [[umutobe w'imbuto]], [[coca]] == Amazi ==[[File:A Rwandan Child Drinking.png|thumb|A Rwandan Child Drinking]] amazi ni ingezi mubuzima bwumuntu bwa burimunsi kuko atuma umubiri urushaho guhumeka wayakoresha woga ufura uteka nibindi[[Dosiye:AMATA.jpg|thumb|AMATA]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibinyobwa| ]] rpsn4f7725tezcsw76fd8eyb9yx8w2j 14 2043 65407 64517 2013-03-11T10:23:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6543743]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikinyobwa]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] b41euj9ci7k8fah2nktsk8z17qn93w2 0 2046 76838 64603 2021-08-02T18:55:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Orange juice 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umutobe w’imbuto</font>]] [[Dosiye:Papya_Juice_Kerala_20190519_163359.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umutobe w’imbuto</font>]] '''Umutobe w’[[imbuto]]''' Imitobe y’imbuto, niba usanzwe unywa imitobe y’imbuto gerageza kuyifungura kugirango ugabanye isukari nyinshi; nyuma y’icyumweru uzaba umaze kumenyera uburyohe butarengereye. [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] 0qbmaa0q5akfy3prrp6uog8sp706ho2 14 2050 68189 67972 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5645580]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ikiribwa]] [[Category:Categories]] [[tt:Төркем:Azıq-tölek]] l1xff371l4m0jg6hw0ghm5d5eckgwe1 0 2053 76844 70197 2021-08-02T19:19:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Table salt with salt shaker V1.jpg|thumb|Umunyu]] [[Dosiye:Salinas_del_Carmen_01.jpg|thumb|Umunyu]] '''Umunyu''' Imyunyu ngugu kimwe na za vitamini ni ingenzi ku buzima bw’umuntu. Imyunyu ngugu yihariye 4% by’uburemere bw’umubiri w’umuntu. Imwe muri yo igomba kuboneka buri munsi kandi ku rugero ruhagije. Aho twavuga nka [[sodiyumu]] (umunyu), [[potasiyumu]], [[kalisiyumu]], [[feri]], [[manyeziyumu]] na [[fosifori]]. Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga ngo ubusanzwe umubiri ukenera umunyu kugira ngo ugire uruhare mu kuringaniza ubwinshi bw’amazi mu mubiri (''régulation de l’eau''). Umubiri wongera kandi gukenera umunyu mu mikorere y’imyakura no mu mikorerere myiza y’inzira zijyana ubutumwa ku bwonko. Aha gatatu umunyu wongera gukenerwa mu mubiri ni mu mikorere myiza y’inyama zitwikiriye amagufwa. Umunyu wo mu gikoni uba ugizwe n’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu (Na+) n’uwa ''chlore'' (Cl-). Aya makuru kandi avuga ko ubwinshi bw’umunyu ngugu wa sodiyumu bushobora guteza ibibazo bitari bike mu mubiri. Aha bavuga ko iyo ukabije kuba mwinshi ushobora gutuma habaho ubwiyonegre bw’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu buryo butunguranye kandi ukaba wanakwangiza impyiko mu gihe ukabije kuba mwinshi. Uyu munyu kandi mu gihe uhuye n’amazi bikagera ku mubiri bishobora kwangiza uruhu. Aha bavuga ko bikunze kubaho mu gihe umunyu uhuye n’icyuya cyabaye amazi. Iyi mvange kandi yangiza amaso, ariko mu gihe kitari kinini. Iyi myunyu kandi mu gihe igeze mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ishobora kuyangiza rimwe na rimwe igatera inkorora cyangwa guhumeka nabi. Aha bavuga ko ari bibi cyane ko umunyu wagera mu maso kuko ushobora gutera ubuhumyi buhoraho. [[Category:Imyunyu| ]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] d852fiu4jfbmkjwjjwdoon49z62njzh 0 2054 75615 75614 2021-06-03T11:17:38Z Ji-Elle 2552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bananas on countertop.JPG|thumb|Imineke]] [[File:GUSHARIRA URUTOKI.jpg|thumb|Gusharira.]] '''Umuneke''' (ubuke: '''Imineke''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Musa'') ni [[igiti]], [[urubuto]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] fqe8s6gqkv9259n72lo1gmihta6zhwt 0 2067 72792 72791 2020-08-04T13:29:10Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karisimbi2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusozi wa Karisimbi </font>]] [[File:Suburb of Kigali with Mt Kigali in the background.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusozi wa Kigali</font>]] [[File:UMUSOZI_WA_HUYE_(_HUYE_MOUNTAIN).jpg|thumb|UMUSOZI WA HUYE ( HUYE MOUNTAIN)]] '''Umusozi''' == Imisozi y’u Rwanda == * [[File:Bimwe_mu_birunga_byo_mu_rwanda_bifite_ibi_kugasongero.jpg|thumb|Bimwe mu birunga byo mu rwanda bifite ibi kugasongero]] *[[Umusozi wa Gitwa]] * [[Umusozi wa Huye]] * [[Umusozi wa Kabatwa]] * [[Umusozi wa Karisimbi]] * [[Umusozi wa Matiritiri]] * [[Umusozi wa Munagana]] * [[Umusozi wa Murambi]] * [[Umusozi wa Nyabihu]] * [[Umusozi wa Ruheru]] * [[Umusozi wa Ryamondi]] * [[Umusozi wa Rebero]] (1809m) * [[Umusozi wa Kigali]] * [[Umusozi wa Rebero]] (1809m) * [[Umusozi wa Kigali]] (1856m) * [[Umusozi wa Jali]] (2042m) * [[Umusozi wa Shyorongi]] (1737 m) == Imisozi y’Amahanga == * [[Imisozi ya Ararati]] cyangwa [[Umusozi wa Ararati]] (5165m) * [[Umusozi wa Arafat]] * [[Umusozi wa Sinayi]] * [[Umusozi wa Siyoni]] [[File:MtSinaiJune2006.JPG|alt=|left|thumb|UMUSOZI WA SINAYI]] [[Category:Imisozi]] 90z25wkc70p1la0p5zhuwyu0269bzm7 0 2069 76441 65572 2021-07-26T13:42:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brun ris.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuceli</font>]] [[File:Koeh-232.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Oryza sativa''</font>]] '''Umuceli''' cyangwa '''Umuceri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Oryza'') bawutera aho amazi ali mu bibaya, aliko si mu mugezi hagati. iyo weze barawusarura, bakawuhura, bakawugosora. umuceli weze neza urererana. iyo bamaze kuwugosora, bawuhunika mu magunira, bakawubika ahameze, neza, ukaba wahamara igihe kirekire utononekaye. [[Dosiye:Woman_at_work,_Gujarat.jpg|thumb|Umugore urimo kubagara umuceli]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] 88l5ejasuwmpvif3fxn852u65n2p3h7 0 2071 77303 76270 2021-08-09T20:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bezau-Alpe_Stongen-04ASD.jpg|thumb|Bezau-Alpe Stongen-04ASD]] [[File:Irish Goat.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ihene</span>]] [[Dosiye:Goats head to head.jpg|thumb|ihene ziri kurwana]] '''Ihene''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Capra aegagrus hircus'') ni [[itungo]]. Dore ihene ya sehene. kariya kana mubona, ni sehene uyiragiye. ayiragira neza, yataha bakayimukamira. amata yayo bayita amahenehene. Aha bavuga ko ihene ishobora kurisha ibyatsi byinshi bitandukanye mu gihe kimwe. Uko kurisha mu rwuri ihene irisha ibyatsi bitandukanye, bityo zikaba ishobora no kurya imwe mu mirama y’ibiti yatakaye ku butaka bikaza kuzita mu mahurunguru. Izo mbuto zaciye mu nda y’ihene zihakura ubushobozi bwo guhita zimera mu butaka zihuye nabwo. Mu gihe biriwe n’amatungo cyane cyane bikiri bito ntibiba bigisakaje utubuto twabyo, dutuma bihora bizamuka mu murima mbere y’uko icyo gihingwa kizamuka. Aha basanga ihene ari ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyo byatsi, kandi ahanini usanga zo zibishobora kurusha andi matungo akenshi. [[File:Suckling goat.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umwana w’ihene</span>]] == Amoko y' ihene == * [[Ihene y’Ankara]] == Mu Rwanda == '''Ubworozi bw’ihene''' bugamije cyane cyane kongera umusaruro w’inyama. Mu mwaka wa 2003 niho hatangijwe igikorwa cyo kuzana mu [[Rwanda]] amasekurume y’ihene z’ubwoko bwa Boer, zivuye mu gihugu cy’Afurika y’epfo, hagamijwe kuvugurura ubwoko bw’ihene busanzwe bw’inyarwanda. Ubu tukaba tumaze kugeza mu Rwanda amasekurume 697. Ifoto iri kuri page ikurikira irerekana ubwo bwoko n’amasekurume yamaze kugera mu Rwanda hagati ya 2003 na 2008.<ref>http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/ReportGirinkaApril2009.pdf </ref> == Isi == {| class="<ref> FAOSTAT 2008 http://faostat.fao.org/default.aspx</ref>" |- ! Ahantu/Igihugu!! Total Animaux (millions) !! Amata y'ihene (MT) !! Inyama y’ihene (million MT) |- | '''Isi''' || ----- || 15.2 || 4.8 |- | '''Afurika''' || 294.5 || 3.2 || 1.1 |- | Nijeriya || 53.8 || N/A || 0.26 |- | Sudani || 43.1 || 1.47 || 0.19 |- | '''Aziya''' || 511.3 || 8.89 || 3.4 |- | Afuganisitani || 6.38 || 0.11 || 0.04 |- | Ubuhinde || 125.7 || 4.0 || 0.48 |- | Bangaladeshi || 56.4 || 2.16 || 0.21 |- | Ubushinwa || 149.37 || 0.26 || 1.83 |- | Arabiya Sawudite|| 2.2 || 0.076 || 0.024 |- | '''Amerika''' || 37.3 || 0.54 || 0.15 |- | Megizike || 8.8 || 0.16 || 0.04 |- | L. Z. U. z’Amerika || 3.1 || N/A || 0.022 |- | '''Europe''' || 17.86 || 2.59 || 0.012 |- | Ubwongereza || 0.09 || N/A || N/A |- | Ubufaransa || 1.2 || 0.58 || 0.007 |- | '''Oseyaniya''' || 3.42 || 0.0004 || 0.018 |} == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111107173829/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/511/2587 Kugaburira ihene zikamwa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110918140606/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/511/2589 Indwara zihene ikamwa] [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] gpbsh0e5yaabispv7d2dvx3azbglxuu 0 2085 10449 5775 2010-05-03T09:54:56Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Burayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burayi]] 1ludo7ehiwfq58vknvee29p6j23nspm 0 2087 9874 8152 2010-01-18T00:55:46Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ububiligi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ububiligi]] e804fgkhyxxrskn8xrilvdiuaruhj25 0 2089 81633 78012 2022-01-31T11:20:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubushinwa</span>]] [[File:China in its region (claimed hatched).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubushinwa</span>]] '''Ubushinwa''' ([[igishinwa]] : 中国), cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Rubanda y’Ubushinwa''' ([[igishinwa]] : 中华人民共和国), ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Dosiye:Themenwelt China Town.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|china town]] [[File:Landgericht_Berlin,_Littenstraße,_Eingangshalle_(2),_160906,_ako.jpg|thumb|Landgericht Berlin, Littenstraße, Eingangshalle (2), 160906, ako]] [[File:Badaling_China_Great-Wall-of-China-01.jpg|thumb|Badaling China Great-Wall-of-China-01]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Ubushinwa| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rcxgpky3fvqtzzqfwi89pypr794ej1z 0 2091 81638 78017 2022-01-31T11:20:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubwongereza</span>]] [[File:Europe-UK.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubwongereza</span>]] '''Ubwongereza''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''United Kingdom'' cyangwa ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. Ubwongereza (UK) bugizwe n'ibihugu cg intara zigenga enye: England, Scotland, Wales na Northen Ireland. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w'Ubwongereza ni London. Imijyi yo mu Ubwongereza ni Manchester, Liverpool n'ibindi. Ifaranga rikoreshwa mu bwongereza ni 'Pound'. Ubwongereza ituwe n'abantu 65 648 000 birenga (2016). [[Dosiye:Tower Bridge from London City Hall 2015.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Tower Bridge]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ubwongereza| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] brdz98y4c2yt809t516mpzqzhse0r3l 0 2093 82102 81619 2022-02-20T18:59:24Z Le Braddock 10671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubufaransa</span>]] [[File:EU-France.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubufaransa</span>]] [[Dosiye:Louise Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun - Marie-Antoinette de Lorraine-Habsbourg, reine de France et ses enfants - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|410x410px|Louise Elisabeth]] '''Ubufaransa''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''France'' cyangwa ''République française'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubufaransa witwa [[Paris]]. [[Abafaransa]] bashaka ko isi yose ivuga [[Igifaransa]]. Ubufaransa ituwe n'abantu 67 595 000 birenga (2016). [[Dosiye:Tour Saint-Jacques au crépuscule.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Tour Saint-Jacque]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ubufaransa| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qiprz4a2ubfhixv8s0gjq7wmx50lc1i 0 2094 16493 16268 2011-01-06T13:45:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubugereki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugereki]] 761dxgaaj09loc7twr926omn5ljlh6b 0 2095 9875 8153 2010-01-18T00:56:13Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] l32ei7qco6ylzffafmr0cd7u9016wfc 0 2096 81621 78007 2022-01-31T11:18:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubuhinde</span>]] [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubuhinde</span>]] '''Ubuhinde''' cyanghwa '''Ubuhindi''' (izina mu [[gihindi]]: '''भारत गणराज्य''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Dosiye:India-0037 - Flickr - archer10 (Dennis).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|India]] [[Category:Ubuhinde| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0d2qle94c5sxf240ajxqkjrrty8slv0 14 2097 70464 67721 2016-03-12T23:04:10Z Culex 5680 redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Aziya]] i94pg8exsmnthr67n1inwv1wgz8hkde 14 2110 67435 62655 2013-04-02T18:48:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 84 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7216461]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 0 2111 69164 69158 2015-02-09T16:29:15Z Mathonius 2140 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/A. Jassin Doe|A. Jassin Doe]] ([[User talk:A. Jassin Doe|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US-hoosier-family.jpg|thumb|Miryango]] '''Miryango''' Umuryango wawe ni abantu mufitanye isano rya hafi. uwo mwashakanye, abana bawe, ababyeyi bawe n'abo muvukana. Abandi bantu mufitanye isano ku ruhande rw'ababyeyi bombi nabo bashobora kubarirwa mu muryango. * [[Data]] * [[Mama]] [[Category:Miryango]] 5euld3yo8oxn0jfjvypcrd21te5wtei 10 2121 68191 64618 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567048]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''sk'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Tento redaktor má '''[[:Category:User sk|slovenčinu]]''' ako '''[[:Category:User sk-N|materinský jazyk]]'''.[[Category:User sk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sk-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> 0sw5tgqwsxwcrqycckbf7kkpbu69oro 14 2122 64619 62465 2013-03-07T18:03:15Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 148 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395301]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''sk'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Títo redaktori majú '''[[:Category:User sk|slovenčinu]]''' ako '''[[:Category:User sk-N|materinský jazyk]]'''.[[Category:User sk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sk|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <br><br><br> [[Category:User sk|N]] os084bjdpwbnrcqdp16tk13e1ioqm5n 14 2123 67850 64620 2013-04-13T10:15:21Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6394960]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sk]] cnigthyds9erbcpop0qbfi8txj2inf3 10 2126 65459 64223 2013-03-11T10:25:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 97 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5461875]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="white-space: font-size:{{{size|110%}}};padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em; font-family: {{{font-family|'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Arial Unicode MS', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif}}};" dir="{{{dir|ltr}}}" >{{{IPA|/jidiʃ lɛbt/}}}</span> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> </noinclude> f5lhi4k6owpdo4zw77j7oahyt6z2ofc 10 2127 65458 64228 2013-03-11T10:25:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 106 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5462840]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:{{{size|12pt}}};padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em; font-family: {{{font-family|'Times New Roman'}}};" dir="{{{dir|rtl}}}" >{{{yid|ײִדיש לעבט}}}</span> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> </noinclude> dhd0m1177wm6kf9rpb2qo67oajvu04c 10 2130 65710 64621 2013-03-11T10:46:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5461620]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| name="userboxes" id="userboxes" style="float: {{{align|right}}}; 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text-align: center" colspan="10" | {{{footer|[[:Category:Lugha za watumiaji|Tafuta lugha za watumiaji]]}}}--> |}<noinclude> [[Category:Template]] </noinclude> 7tajwl7fdx26d08f5b8w57jn3965hwb 4 2131 68080 45174 2013-05-31T23:49:50Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[udm:Wikipedia:Вавилон]] (missing) wikitext text/x-wiki [[af:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[als:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[an:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ang:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:بابل]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Babel]] [[az:Vikipediya:Babil]] [[bar:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[be:Вікіпедыя:Babel]] [[be-x-old:Вікіпэдыя:Бабілёнская вежа]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Вавилон]] [[br:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Babel]] [[cr:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Babylón]] [[cu:Википє́дїꙗ:Вавѷлѡнъ]] [[cv:Википеди:Вавилон]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Babel]] [[da:Hjælp:Babel]] [[de:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[dsb:Wikipedija:Babel]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Βαβέλ]] [[en:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Babelejo]] [[es:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Babel]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:بابل]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Babylon]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Málkassi]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Babel]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Babel]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Babel]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Baibéal]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[got:Wikipedia:Babilu]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:כישורי שפה]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:बेबल]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[hsb:Wikipedija:Babel]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Bábel]] [[id:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[io:Wikipedio:Babel]] [[is:Wikipedia:Málkassi]] [[it:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ja:Wikipedia:バベル]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ბაბილონი]] [[km:វិគីភីឌា:បាបេល]] [[ko:위키백과:바벨]] [[ksh:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Babel]] [[ky:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Babel formulae]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[lbe:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[li:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ln:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[lt:Vikipedija:Babelis]] [[lv:Vikipēdija:Babel]] [[map-bms:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mg:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mk:Википедија:Вавилон]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Babel]] [[na:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nah:Huiquipedia:Babel]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nds-nl:Wikipedie:Babel]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[no:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[os:Википеди:Вавилон]] [[pdc:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Wieża Babel]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[qu:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Babel]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[ru:Википедия:Вавилон]] [[sc:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Babeli]] [[sh:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Babylon]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Babilon]] [[so:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sr:Википедија:Шаблони/Језичке кутијице]] [[su:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[szl:Wikipedyjo:Babel]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:บาเบล]] [[tpi:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Babil]] [[tw:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Вавилон]] [[uz:Vikipediya:Bobil]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Ngôn ngữ sử dụng]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[war:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[wuu:Wikipedia:巴别]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:באבעל]] [[zh:Wikipedia:巴別]] [[zh-classical:維基大典:Babel]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:Babel]] [[zu:Wikipedia:Babel]] haj8gexgwawhziszbc17xsbdhanzn3l 10 2132 64622 64250 2013-03-07T18:04:15Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 243 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5544939]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyongereza|en]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 40cry8k3ln5etm4adljmels7w802b9g 10 2133 67446 64268 2013-04-02T18:53:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 20 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7235204]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igiswahili|sw]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Mtumiaji huyu aweza kushiriki kwa '''[[:Category:User sw|Kiswahili]]''' cha kiwango cha '''[[:Category:User sw-3|juu]]'''.[[Category:User sw|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sw-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> qh4zxtcl5nbk4s560mtzgjptlqc7orw 10 2141 22689 8773 2011-01-26T23:50:55Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame" style="-moz-border-radius:1em; background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; padding:.4em; text-align:left"> <div class="NavHead" style="-moz-border-radius-topright:1em; -moz-border-radius-topleft:1em; background:#ffffff; border-bottom:1px solid #BBBBBB; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:100%; padding-bottom:.2em; padding-top:.2em; padding:.3em">Wikipedia in other languages </div> <div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:90%"> Wikipedias with more than 500,000 articles: <br> [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]]&nbsp;· [[:en:|English]]&nbsp;· [[:fr:|Français (French)]]&nbsp;· [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]]&nbsp;· [[:nl:|Nederlands]]&nbsp;· [[:ja:|&#26085;&#26412;&#35486; (Japanese)]]&nbsp;· [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]]&nbsp; </div> <div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:90%"> Wikipedias with more than 100,000 articles: <br> [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]]&nbsp;· [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]]&nbsp;· [[:cs:|&#268;esk&#225; (Czech)]]&nbsp;· [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]]&nbsp;· [[:zh:|&#20013;&#25991; (Chinese)]]&nbsp;· [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]]&nbsp;· [[:eo:|Esperanto]]&nbsp;· [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]]&nbsp;· [[:no:|Norsk (Norwegian)]]&nbsp;· [[:pt:|Português (Portoguese)]]&nbsp;· [[:ro:|Rom&#226;n&#259; (Romanian)]]&nbsp;· [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]]&nbsp;· [[:sk:|Slovencina (Slovak)]]&nbsp;· [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]]&nbsp;· [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]]&nbsp;· [[:tr:|T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e (Turkish)]]&nbsp;· [[:uk:|&#1059;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1111;&#1085;&#1089;&#1100;&#1082;&#1072; (Ukranian)]]&nbsp;· [[:vo:|Volapük]]&nbsp; </div> <div class="NavContent"> <div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:90%"> Wikipedias with more than 50,000 articles: <br> [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]]&nbsp;· [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]]&nbsp;· [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]]&nbsp;· [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]]&nbsp;· [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]]&nbsp;· [[:ht:|Krèyol ayisyen (Haitian)]]&nbsp;· [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]]&nbsp;· [[:he:|&#1506;&#1489;&#1512;&#1497;&#1514; (Hebrew)]]&nbsp;· [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lituanian)]]&nbsp;· [[:new:|नेपाल भाषा (Newar / Nepal Bhasa)]]&nbsp;· [[:simple:|Simple English]]&nbsp;· [[:sl:|Sloven&#353;&#269;ina (Slovenian)]]&nbsp;· [[:sr:|Cрпски (Serbian)]]&nbsp;· [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]]&nbsp; </div> <div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:90%"> Other African-language Wikipedias that are not among large ones: <br> [[:aa:|Afar]]&nbsp;· [[:af:|Afrikaans]]&nbsp;· [[:ak:|Akan]]&nbsp;· [[:am:|አማርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:bm:|Bamanankan]]&nbsp;· [[:ny:|Chi-Chewa]]&nbsp;· [[:sn:|chiShona]]&nbsp;· [[:tum:|chiTumbuka]]&nbsp;· [[:ee:|Ɛʋɛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ff:|Fulfude]]&nbsp;· [[:ki:|Gĩkũyũ]]&nbsp;· [[:ha:|هَوُسَ]]&nbsp;· [[:ig:|Ìgbo]]&nbsp;· [[:xh:|isiXhosa]]&nbsp;· [[:zu:|isiZulu]]&nbsp;· [[:kr:|Kanuri]]&nbsp;· [[:rn:|Kirundi]]&nbsp;· [[:sw:|Kiswahili]]&nbsp;· [[:kg:|Kongo]]&nbsp;· [[:kj:|Kuanyama]]&nbsp;· [[:ln:|Lingala]]&nbsp;· [[:lg:|Luganda]]&nbsp;· [[:mg:|Malagasy]]&nbsp;· [[:mt:|Malti]]&nbsp;· [[:om:|Oromoo]]&nbsp;· [[:ng:|Oshiwambo]]&nbsp;· [[:hz:|Otsiherero]]&nbsp;· [[:sg:|Sängö]]&nbsp;· [[:st:|seSotho]]&nbsp;· [[:tn:|Setswana]]&nbsp;· [[:ss:|SiSwati]]&nbsp;· [[:so:|Soomaaliga]]&nbsp;· [[:ti:|ትግርኛ]]&nbsp;· [[:ve:|Tshivenda]]&nbsp;· [[:tw:|Twi]]&nbsp;· [[:wo:|Wolof]]&nbsp;· [[:ts:|Xitsonga]]&nbsp;· [[:yo:|Yorùbá]]&nbsp;· </div> </div> </div></div><div align="center" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:85%">'''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list of Wikipedias]]'''</span></div> [[Category:Template]] 9rbu7fas0a97bhrb5gfakawa78jmgxp 10 2150 68196 64623 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4299475]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="messagebox plainlinks" |align="center"|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.png|50px]] |align="left" width="100%"|'''This user account is a [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot]] operated by [[:{{{site|en}}}:User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[:{{{site|en}}}:User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]).''' It is not a [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]], but rather an automated or semi-automated account for making repetitive edits that would be extremely tedious to do manually. <br> <small>''Administrators: if this bot is malfunctioning or causing harm, please [{{fullurl:Special:Blockip|wpBlockAddress={{PAGENAMEE}}&wpBlockExpiry=indefinite&wpAnonOnly=0&wpEnableAutoblock=0&wpCreateAccount=0&wpBlockReason=Bot%20malfunctioning:%20}} block it].''</small> |}{{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia bots|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}} 7lw8lbpitzixfiy8a30d1k0vzz1d1ru 0 2151 81894 81893 2022-02-04T08:33:56Z 99.236.82.98 Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|220x220px|Nyamata Memorial Site 13]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1) - cropped.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa genocide ku Gisozi]] '''Itsembabwoko ry'u Rwanda ry'1994''' cyangwe '''Itsembabwoko ry’1994''', '''Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994''', '''Itsembabwoko ry’Abatutsi''', '''jenoside mu Rwanda'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref>, '''Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994''', '''Jenoside y’Abatutsi yo mu 1994''' ryari iyicwa ry'[[Abatutsi]] ndetse nabamwe m'[[Abahutu]] banze kwifatanya n'abandi mu bwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi. Ub'ubwicanyi mu buryo bweruye bwatangiye kuva itariki ya [[06 Mata]] [[1994]] kugeza Nyakanga 1994. Mu masaha y' mugoroba, ubwo indege yaritwaye uwari umukuru w'igihugu [[Perezida]] [[Habyarimana Yuvenari]] yaraswaga n'abantu bataramenyekana, ingabo nyinshi zatangiye kwica Abatutsi. Minisitiri w'Intebe, [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] ari mubiswe mbere kubera kutemeranya n'umugambi wo gutsembatsemba . Benshi batangiwe kwicwa,abandi batangira guhungira mu bice bari bazi bazaboneramo ubwihisho nko mu nsengero,mu mashuri na mu mavuriro ariko biba ibyubusa kuko interahamwe zatangiye kubicira aho hantu. Abatutsi biswe 'inyenzi'. Mirisiya imwe yari [[Interahamwe]], kandi indi yari [[Impuzamugambi]]. Nyamara, abantu benshi ntibari mu mirisiya bica inshuti n'abaturanyi babo. Kw'itariki ya [[04 Nyakanga]] 1994, Inkotanyi bageze i [[Kigali]]. Abantu gahumbagiza bicwa. [[File:Secretary_Kerry_Pauses_for_a_Moment_of_Silence_at_a_Series_of_Mass_Graves_at_Gisozi_Memorial_Center_(30326384025).jpg|thumb|Secretary Kerry Pauses for a Moment of Silence at a Series of Mass Graves at Gisozi Memorial Center (30326384025)]] Uyu munsi, [[Kagame Pawuro]],muyobozi w'Inkotanyi, Ijambo genocide rimaze imyaka 62. Ryahimbwe mu 1994 na Raphael Lemkin, Umuyahudi w’Umunya pologne w’inzobere mu by’amategeko wari warimukiye muri Amerika. Yari arimo agerageza kwerekana igerageza ry’abanazi bo mu Budage ryari rimariye ku icumu abayahudi n’abanyarumaniya i burayi. Icyi gisobanuro rero cyemejwe neza imyaka ine nyuma n’Umuryango w’abibumbye muri “Convention yo gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yo mu w’1948” ikaba yariswe convention ya Genocide. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> [[File:Mémorial_Rwanda,_Genève_8_avril_2019-17.jpg|thumb|KWIBUKA byabereye i Genève 8 avril 2019-17]] == Amafilimi ya sinema == * [[Hotel Rwanda]] == Ibitabo == <small> * AFRICAN RIGHTS, Rwanda: Death, Despair and Defiance (Revised Edition), London: African Rights, 1995. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * AFRICAN RIGHTS, Rwanda: Not So Innocent – When Women Become Killers, London: African Rights, 1995. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, Rwanda: Government Supporters and Regular Troops Have Committed Massacres all over the Country, London: Amnesty International, May, 1994. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * ANYIDOHO, Henry Kwami, Guns Over Kigali – The Rwandese Civil War – 1994: A Personal Account, Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1998. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * BERRY, John A. and Carol Pott Berry (eds.), Genocide in Rwanda: A Collective Memory, Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1999. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * DESTEXHE, A., Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century, London and New Haven, Connecticut: Pluto Press, 1995. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * GATWA, Tharcisse, The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises 1900 – 1994, Milton Keynes, UK: Regnum Books International and Paternoster, 2005. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * GOUREVITCH, Philip, We Wish to Inform you that Tomorrow we Will be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda, London: Picador, 1999. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * GUILLEBAUD, Meg, Rwanda: The Land God Forgot? – Revival, Genocide & Hope, Mill Hills; London and Grand Rapids, Michigan: Monarch Books, 2002. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, Rwanda/Zaire: Rearming with Impunity – International Support for Perpetrators of Rwandese Genocide, New York, Human Rights Watch, May, 1995. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, The Aftermath of Genocide in Rwanda: Absence of Prosecution, Continued Killings, New York: Human Rights Watch, September, 1994. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/AFRICA, Genocide in Rwanda (Volume 6 No. 4), New York: Human Rights Watch, April/May, 1994. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * INTERNATIONAL PANEL OF EMINENT PERSONALITIES and ORGANISATION OF AFRICAN UNITY, Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide, Addis Ababa: Organisation of African Unity, 2000. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * JENNINGS, Christian, Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness, London: Phoenix, 2000. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * KEENE, F., Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey, London: Viking, 1995. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * MAMDANI, Mahmood, When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda, Kampala and Dar es Salaam: Fountain Publishers Ltd., and E & D Limited, 2001. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * PRUNIER, Gerard, The Rwanda Crisis: History of Genocide, Kampala: Fountain Publishers Ltd., 2001. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * RUDASINGWA, Theogene, Rwanda: Background to Genocide, Oxford and London: Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF), 1994. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * SELLSTOM, T. and L. Wohlgemuth, The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute, 1997. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> * SEMUJANGA, Josias, Origins of Rwanda Genocide, New York: Humanity Books, 2003. <span style="color:grey;"> (mu Cyongereza) </span> </small> == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == {{Commonscat|Rwandan Genocide}} * http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Welcome_to_Genocide_Archive_Rwanda * http://rwandinfo.com/kinya/category/jenoside/ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110203123219/http://www.yale.edu/gsp/kinyarwanda/index.html www.yale.edu Umushinga kw’Itsembambatsemba ryo mu Rwanda] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 6dho5x3a7a18lid9bskauzyuveme1ho 10 2152 64625 64247 2013-03-07T18:04:50Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 229 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5543187]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyongereza|en]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> tbk9u9hvh4ce1ht57kn88nm3to2rmid 0 2153 78018 64626 2021-08-20T02:37:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+[[Dosiye:Panorama Rosarium Uetersen Hochzeitsinsel HP 16685-86.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|uetersen]]<big><big>'''{{PAGENAME}}'''</big></big><br />''Rosenstadt Uetersen'' |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Uetersen Wappen.png|100px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Lage des Kreises Pinneberg in Deutschland.png|right|100px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Uetersen Stadtwerkehaus.jpg|250px]] |} '''Uetersen''' (ˈyːtɐzən) ni umujyi w'u [[Ubudage]]. [[Category:Ubudage]] n34qr0uvkrmaa2q1o625mj9xancz23e 14 2163 70741 67877 2016-10-31T00:01:45Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q1410828]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] ifdlqc7m79ogt4645vo578x862txtoc 0 2164 79049 71069 2021-08-30T21:09:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jardim Botanico night Curitiba Brasil.jpg|310px|right|thumb| Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] [[File:Brasão de Armas do Município de Curitiba.png|70px|left]] '''Curitiba''' [kuɾi'tʃibɐ] ni umujyi w'u [[Burezile]]. [[Dosiye:Flag map of Brazil.png|center|thumb|320x320px|Brasil]] == Links == * http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curitiba Commons:Curitiba] [[Category:Imijyi y’u Burezile]] [[Category:Burezile]] b5kf6wbqlyk6m40yzvq5bmtp950ar3i 4 2169 65409 64629 2013-03-11T10:23:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4994060]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Special:Statistics]] * [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia statistics] ** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaRW.htm rw.wikipedia statistics – tables] ** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/ChartsWikipediaRW.htm rw.wikipedia statistics – charts] * [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wikimedia Wikipedia Interactive Statistics] ** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/data/full/sites/wiki/rw.csv rw.wikipedia statistics – tables] ** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wiki/rw rw.wikipedia statistics – charts] * <u>THEwikiStics</u>: [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikipedia/rw/ Page Hits toplist] <small>(compare [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/ traffic] | [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/searches.htm searches])</small> * [http://technorati.com/search/rw.wikipedia.org Technorati] * [http://www.attentionmeter.com/?d1=rw.wikipedia.org AttentionMeter] * [http://popuri.us/?u=http%3A%2F%2Frw.wikipedia.org popuri.us]<!-- or: socialmeter.com --> * [http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=rw.wikipedia.org Netcraft statistics] her9uwhk6tw6ofanrx9jpa0svwyp7po 0 2171 81617 72958 2022-01-31T11:17:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Ububiligi</span>]] [[File:LocationBelgium.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Ububiligi</span>]] [[File:De_Molen_(windmill)_and_the_nuclear_power_plant_cooling_tower_in_Doel,_Belgium_(DSCF3859).jpg|thumb|De Molen (windmill) and the nuclear power plant cooling tower in Doel, Belgium (DSCF3859)]] [[File:State_Coat_of_Arms_of_Belgium.svg|thumb|State Coat of Arms of Belgium]] '''Ububiligi''' cyangwa '''Ububirigi''' , '''Igihugu cy’Ububirigi''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]] : ''Koninkrijk België'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Royaume de Belgique'' ; izina mu [[kidage]] : ''Königreich Belgien'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Ububiligi witwa [[Buruseli]]. Ububiligi ituwe n'abantu 11 250 585 birenga (2016). == == * [[Kongo mbiligi]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ububiligi| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jqgd3enlnr7fk9pq25g64mi9w9eaipt 0 2176 77819 77630 2021-08-17T23:53:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_President_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye u Rwanda ari umuperezida gatanu kuva mu 1994 -2000]] '''Pasteur Bizimungu''' ([[1950]] &ndash; ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda|5]] (19 Nyakanga 1994 &ndash; 23 Werurwe 2000) wa Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]]. Nyuma yo kuva kubutegetsi yahise afungwa nyuma yo guhabwa imbabazi na leta y'u [[Rwanda]] iyobowe na perezida [[Paul Kagame]] ntawongeye ku menya amakuru ye ubu nitangaza makuru mu Rwanda nta narimwe rigira icyo ri muvugaho yibera iwe igikondo uwazaturusha amakuru kubihereranye nawe yazayatubwira. [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|ibendera rya kera]] {{Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bizimungu, Pasteur}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mbzy0amxvk2w2r3dt3taaw2r1nxg303 10 2186 7136 2008-06-05T13:02:34Z 62.94.37.216 New page: <includeonly>{{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | {{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}/{{{1}}} | &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;<span lang="{{{1}}}">{{#if: {{{2|}}}|[[{{{2}}}/{{... wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | {{#if: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}/{{{1}}} | &nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;<span lang="{{{1}}}">{{#if: {{{2|}}}|[[{{{2}}}/{{{1}}}|{{#language:{{{1}}}}}]]| [[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}/{{{1}}}|{{#language:{{{1}}}}}]]}}</span>|<span></span>}}</includeonly><noinclude> == Template == ''This sub-template doesn't display properly when not included. 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[[Category:Language templates]] </noinclude> bysw8u207d27uyxli63jcego52n4ut9 0 2210 81727 77152 2022-01-31T11:34:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Esipanye</span>]] [[File:EU-Spain.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Esipanye</span>]] [[Dosiye:Iglesia de San Miguel, Jerez de la Frontera, España, 2015-12-07, DD 99-101 HDR.JPG|thumb|esipanye]] '''Esipanye''' cyangwa '''Hisipaniya''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]]: ''España'' cyangwa ''Reino de España'') n’[[igihugu]] i [[Burayi]]. Umurwa mukuru w’Esipanye ni [[Madrid]]. Ururimi ruvugwa muri icyo gihugu ni [[cyesipanyole]]. Esipanye iherereye n'ibihugu by'[[Ubufaransa]] mu majyaruguru na [[Porutigali]] i burengerazuba n'inyanja ya Mediteraneya mu majyepfo n'i burasirazuba. Ifaranga rikoreshwa aho, nko mu bihugu byinshi by'i Burayi ni iyero (€). Ni igihugu gisurwa n'abakerarugendo benshi, cyane cyane i Malaga, Bariselone na Valencia. Esipanye ituwe n'abantu 47 007 367 birenga (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² [[File:Alcazaba_1,_Almeria,_Spain.jpg|thumb|Alcazaba 1, Almeria, Spain]] 505,990. [[File:Escudo_de_España_(mazonado).svg|thumb|Escudo de España (mazonado)]] [[File:Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_47.jpg|thumb|Palacio de Comunicaciones - 47|alt=|left|280x280px]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Esipanye]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 47b0mp74zdx9tufvphc6bowk5g48eer 0 2225 78101 77250 2021-08-21T00:08:42Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:IGF Rio 2007.png‎| thumb | right | 300px | Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti, Riyo do Janeyiro 2007]] '''Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti''' ('''IGF''') ni urubuga ruhurirwamo n'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye bafite aho bahurira n'ibikorwa bya IG baganira cyane ku bibazo by'ingamba za politiki y'[[Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti]]<ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org/ Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Ishyirwaho rya IGF ryatangajwe ku mugaragaro n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru w'[[umuryango w'Abibumbye]] muri Nyakanga 2006 nyuma ritangira gukora mu Ukwakira/Ugushyingo 2006. ==Imiterere n'Imikorere== Ishyirwaho ry'Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti was first recommended in the report of the [[Itsinda Rikurikirana iby'Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti]] following a series of open consultations. This report was one of the inputs to the second phase of the [[World Summit on the Information Society]] in Tunis in 2005, which formally called for the creation of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) and set out its mandate.<ref>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.html Tunis Agenda for the Information Society, para 72]</ref> Nyuma y'inama yari igamije kwegera uwo ariwe wese ufite icyo yamara muri iki gikorwa yahamagajwe muri Gashyantare 2006, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa ONU yashyizeho Itsindangishwanama, MAG mu magambo ahinnye, n'Ubunyamabanga buhoraho n'inkingishingiro za IGF. These organizational divisions should not be considered concrete since the organizational structures will continue to be adjusted and to be changed until they fit into the needs of the members. ===Itsindangishwanama rigizwe n'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye bashishikajwe n'iki kibazo - MAG === Itsindangishwanama, now referred to as the MAG (Itsindangishwanama rigizwe n'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye bashishikajwe n'iki kibazo) was set up by the former Umunyamabanga Mukuru of the United Nations, Mr [[Kofi Annan]] on Gicurasi 17, 2006<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release By the UN<!--Bot generated title--> |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sga1006.doc.htm |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226000307/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sga1006.doc.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. The MAG was originally made up of 46 Members from international [[government]]s, the commercial private sector and public civil society, including [[academic]] and [[technical]] communities, and was chaired by [[Nitin Desai]], the Secretary-General’s Special Adviser for the World Summit on the Information Society. All stakeholders participate as equals. The purpose for which the MAG was set up was to assist the Umunyamabanga Mukuru in convening the Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti. On August 20, 2007 the mandate of the MAG was renewed<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release by the UN<!--Bot generated title--> |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/pi1791.doc.htm |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805005418/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/pi1791.doc.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> with a new structure of 47 members, and a Co-Chairmanship by Nitin Desai<ref name=autogenerated2>[http://www.intgovforum.org/ADG_members.htm List of Itsindangishwanama Members<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, and Burezili (Brazil)ian diplomat Hadil da Rocha Vianna<ref name=autogenerated2 />.The mandate of the MAG was further extended in Mata 30, 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release By The UN<!--Bot generated title--> |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/pi1829.doc.htm |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917230048/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/pi1829.doc.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> with a renewed one third of its members within each stakeholder group and Nitin Desai serving as the sole Chairman<ref name=autogenerated2 />. MAG iterana inshuro eshatu buri mwaka - muri Gashyantare, Gicurasi no muri Nzeri. All three meetings take place in Jeneve kuri Paledenasiyo (Palais des Nations) and they are preceded by open consultations meeting. Amakuru arambuye ku mahame y'imikorere ya MAG n'ibishingirwaho mu gutoranya abayigize bikubiye muri the summary report of its Gashyantare meeting available at [http://www.intgovforum.org/AGD/MAG.Summary.28.02.2008.pdf]<ref>www.intgovforum.org</ref> '''Ivugururwa ry'ubunyamuryango bwa MAG''' Ibiro by'Umuryango w'Abibumbye biri i Jeneve mu Busuwisi, ku wa 22 Kanama 2008, byavuguruye ubunyamuryango bwa MAG mu rwego rwo gutegura inama ku Rubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti izabera Hiderabadi (Hyderabad) mu Buhindi (India). A total of 50 members, 17 among them new have been appointed, which represents 1/3 of its membership. Nitin Desai continues to be the Chairman for Itsindangishwanama. (Source: UN Department of Public Information, United Nations Office in Jeneve. Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access)ed online at:[http://www.unog.ch/unog/website/news_media.nsf/(httpNewsByYear_en)/417AFED5138FD8E5C12574AD002E6C13?OpenDocument]<ref>Renewal of MAG</ref> ===Ubunyamabanga=== Ubunyamabanga, bufite icyicaro ku biro by'Umuryango w'Abibumbye biri i Jeneve mu Busuwisi, assists and coordinates the work of the MAG, Itsindangishwanama rigizwe n'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye bashishikajwe n'iki kibazo. The Ubunyamabanga is headed by Markus Kummer with the designation of Executive Coordinator and Chengetai Masango is Programme and Technology Manager. The Ubunyamabanga also hosts fellowships.<ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org/about.htm About<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, Markus Kummer has also been involved with the WGIG as its Executive Coordinator of the Ubunyamabanga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.wgig.org/about.html |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514002402/http://www.wgig.org/About.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. ==Amateka n'ishyirwaho ry'Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti== ===Gukurikirana imyanzuro yavuye muri WSIS=== Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) is considered an important development of the Inama mpuzamahanga kubyerekeye Umuryango Ukungahaye ku Makuru (WSIS). This important outcome was reaffirmed by paragraphs 37 and 38 of the Tunis 2005 Commitment. Paragraph 37 states that <i>“…goals can be accomplished through the involvement, cooperation and partnership of governments and other stakeholders, i.e. the private sector, civil society and international organizations, and that international cooperation and solidarity at all levels are indispensable if the fruits of the Information Society are to benefit all.”</i><ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/7.html World Summit on the Information Society. [2005]. The Tunis Commitment [online]. Available from: http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/7.html<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Corollary to this commitment, paragraph 38 states, too, that all efforts from here on <i>“should not stop with the conclusion of the Summit…emergence of the global Information Society to which we all contribute provides increasing opportunities for all our peoples and for an inclusive global community…we must harness these opportunities today and support their further development and progress.”</i><ref>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/7.html Ibid.<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Inama Mpuzamahanga y'i Tunisi yo mu mwaka w'2005 made significant headway when the mandate of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) was formulated. In paragraph 72 of the Tunis Agenda, the UN Secretary-General was asked to convene a meeting hagamijwe ku the new multi-stakeholder Urubuga, otherwise known as the IGF. In this mandate, different stakeholders are encouraged to strengthen engagement, particularly those from developing countries. In paragraph 72(h), the mandate focused on capacity-building for developing countries and the drawing out of local resources.<ref>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.pdf World Summit on the Information Society. [2005]. Tunis Agenda for the Information Society [online]. Available from: http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/tunis/off/6rev1.pdf<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> This particular effort, for instance, has been reinforced through <i>Diplo Foundation’s</i> Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti Kongerera Ubushobozi Abakoresha Interinet (Capacity Building) Programme (IGCBP) that allowed participants from different regions to benefit from valuable resources with the help of regional experts in IG. <ref>[http://www.diplomacy.edu/ig Read further on Diplo's "Activities" on "Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti" available from: http://www.diplomacy.edu/ig <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The involvement of different stakeholders in the policy framework of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) is a re-affirmation of commitment as per paragraph 39 of the Tunis Commitment. In this particular context, there is a deep resolve to <i>“…develop and implement an effective and sustainable response to the challenges and opportunities of building a truly global Information Society that benefits all our peoples.”</i> <ref name=autogenerated1 /> During the OECD Civil Society-Organized Labour Urubuga held last Kamena 16, 2008, in Seoul, Korea, Ambassador David A. Gross of the US Department of State talked about the transformation of the Internet in the social lives of people. He believed that this transformation made an impact in the free flow of information that politically drives challenges. Ambassador Gross commented on the 2005 WSIS because of the powerful language used on paragraph 4 of the Tunis agenda that reiterated on Kuba buri wese ashobora kuyagiraho uruhare (Openness). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Read further on the community blog of Diplo Foundation, specifically on OECD impressions: http://www.diplomacy.edu/ig/communityblog.asp<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.diplomacy.edu/ig/communityblog.asp |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003034020/http://www.diplomacy.edu/ig/communityblog.asp |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ===Ishyirwaho rya IGF=== A multi-stakeholder’s approach was reiterated in ubuhuzabikorwa bwa international activities for the IGF. This adaptation was set from paragraphs 29 to 35 of the Tunis agenda. These stakeholders were defined as coming from governments, the private technical and economic sector, civil society, intergovernmental organizations, and international organizations. In paragraph 32, the UN Secretary-General was commended for his efforts in establishing the Itsinda Rikurikirana iby' Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti (WGIG). The suggested need of an organization like Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) was first pointed out in the WGIG Report. After reaching a clear consensus among its members the WGIG proposed in paragraph 40 of the Report that : <blockquote>''"(t)he WGIG identified a vacuum within the context of existing structures, since there is no global multi-stakeholder Urubuga to address Internet-related public policy issues. It came to the conclusion that there would be merit in creating such a space for dialogue among all stakeholders. This space could address these issues, as well as emerging issues, that are cross-cutting and multidimensional and that either affect more than one institution, are not dealt with by any institution or are not addressed in a coordinated manner”.''</blockquote> Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) was one of four proposals made in the report. The idea of the Urubuga was also proposed by Argentina, as stated in its proposal <ref>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs2/pc3/working/dt18.html Argentina´s Urubuga Proposal in WSIS]</ref> made during the last Prepcom 3 in Tunis: <blockquote>''"(t)In order to strengthen the global multistakeholder interaction and cooperation on public policy issues and developmental aspects relating to Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti we propose a Urubuga. This Urubuga should not replace existing mechanisms or institutions but should build on the existing structures on Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti, should contribute to the sustainability, stability and robustness of the Internet by addressing appropriately public policy issues that are not otherwise being adequately addressed excluding any involvement in the day to day operation of the Internet. It should be constituted as a neutral, non-duplicative and non-binding process to facilitate the exchange of information and best practices and to identify issues and make known its findings, to enhance awareness and build consensus and engagement. Recognizing the rapid development of technology and institutions, we propose thkuri Urubuga mechanism periodically be reviewed to determine the need for its continuation.”''</blockquote> The convening of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) was announced on 18 Nyakanga 2006, with the inaugural meeting of the Urubuga being held in [[Athens, Greece]] from 30 October to 2 Ugushyingo 2006. ===Kwegerana no kujya inama=== <i>HAbayeho amanama abiri yo kwegerana no kujya inama hagamijwe gutumiza IGF bwa mbere:</i> [1] Kuva ku wa 16 – 17 Gashyantare 2006 – Inama ya mbere yo kwegerana no kujya inama yabereye i Jeneve. The transcripts of the two-day consultations are available in Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) site. <ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org 16 Gashyantare 2006 transcripts are available from: http://intgovUrubuga.org/contributions/IGF-1-0216.txt and http://intgovUrubuga.org/contributions/IGF-1-021606pm.txt <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org 17 Gashyantare 2006 transcripts are available from: http://intgovUrubuga.org/contributions/UN-IGF-AM-2-17-06.txt and http://intgovUrubuga.org/contributions/UN-IGF-PM-2-17-06.txt <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [2] Ku wa 19 Gicurasi 2006 – Inama ya kabiri yo kwegerana no kujya inama was open to all stakeholders and was coordinated for the preparations of the inaugural IGF meeting. The meeting chairman was <i> Nitin Desai </i> who is the Umuryango w'abibumbye Secretary-General's Special Adviser for Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti. <ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org A summary of contributions is available from http://intgovUrubuga.org/Summary%20of%20discussions.htm <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <i>Inama ya kabiri ya IGF </i> Consultations held in Jeneve last Gicurasi 23, 2007 were open to all stakeholders. This consultation was part of a cluster of related events of the WSIS that took place last 15-25 of Gicurasi 2007. <ref>[http://www.itu.int/wsis/follow-up/index.html Read further on the WSIS related events available from: http://www.itu.int/wsis/follow-up/index.html <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> An Itsindangishwanama was also facilitated for Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) meeting in Riyo do Janeyiro, Burezili (Brazil). Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) open Consultations held last 3 September 2007 was held in Jeneve. <ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org/IGF-03Sept07Consultation.txt Transcript for 3 September 2007 open consultations is available from: http://www.intgovforum.org/IGF-03Sept07Consultation.txt <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> For further information, a summary of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) consultations and meetings can be found below: {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |+ ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Date ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Event |- |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | 16 - 18 Ugushyingo 2005 | Second Phase of the [[WSIS]] in [[Tunis]] |- | 16 – 17 Gashyantare 2006 | First Round of Consultations |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | 2 Werurwe 2006 | Ishingwa ry'Ubunyamabanga bwa IGF |- | 19 Gicurasi 2006 | Second Round of Consultations |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | 22 – 23 Gicurasi 2006 | Establishment and First Meeting of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) Itsindangishwanama |- | 18 Nyakanga 2006 | Convening of the IGF |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | 7 – 8 Nzeri 2006 | Inama ya Kabiri of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) Itsindangishwanama |- | 30 Ukwakira – 2 Ugushyingo 2006 | Inaugural Meeting of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) in [[Athens]] |- |12 - 15 Ugushyingo 2007 |Inama ya Kabiri of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) in [[Riyo do Janeyiro]], [[Burezili (Brazil)]] |- | 13 Gicurasi 2008 | Open Consultations |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | 14-15 Gicurasi 2008 | Inama y'Itsindangishwanama rya IGF rigizwe n'abantu b'ingeri zinyuranye bashishikajwe n'iki kibazo('''MAG''') |+ |} Inama ya gatatu ya IGF izabera i [[Hiderabadi]], mu [[Buhinde]] kuva ku wa 3-6 Ukuboza 2008. Guverinoma ya [[Misiri]] yemeye kuzategura inama ya IGF yo mu 2009, mu gihe Guverinima ya [[Lituwaniya]] na [[Azerubayija]] zikiri gupiganirwa gutegura no kwakira inama yo mu 2010. ==Inshingano n'Ibyitezwe kuvamo== The mandate of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) is principally that of a discussion Urubuga for facilitating dialogue between the participants. Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) Gicurasi "identify emerging issues, bring them to the attention of the relevant bodies and the general public, and, where appropriate, make recommendations", but does not have any direct decision-making authority<ref>[http://www.intgovforum.org/mandate.htm Mandate<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. == Ibikorwa kuri IGF == The following activities take place kuri IGF: inama nyunguranabitekerezo, Best Practice Urubugas, Open Urubugas and meetings of the Dynamic Coalitions. The main themes of IGF are: Kuba buri wese ashobora kuyagiraho uruhare (Openness), Umutekano w'amakuru yo kuri Interineti (Security), Kuhasanga amakuru anyuranye (Diversity) and Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access). A new theme was introduced in IGF Burezili (Brazil): critical Internet resources being one of the most debatable topics in the IG field kuri moment. === Amatsinda y'abibumbiye hamwe === The most tangible results of the first IGF in [[Athens]] are a number of so-called ''Dynamic Coalitions''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dynamic Coalitions<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.intgovforum.org/Dynamic%20Coalitions.php |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2009-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212120241/http://intgovforum.org/Dynamic%20Coalitions.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. These coalitions are relatively informal, issue-specific groups consisting of stakeholders that are interested in the particular issue. Most coalitions allow participation of anyone interested in contributing. Thus, these groups gather not only academics and representatives of governments, but also members of the civil society interested in participating on the debates and engaged in the coalition's works. Kugeza ubu, Amatsinda y'abibumbiye hamwe akurikira yamenyeshejwe kandi azwi n'Ubunyamabanga bwa IGF: * Abibumbiye guhagarika ubutumwarwivanga [http://stopspamalliance.org/] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye gusuzuma iby'Ubushimusinkoranabuhanga [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518172016/http://wiki.igf-online.net/wiki/Privacy] * Itsinda rya IGF ry'abibumbiye kwiga ku Mahame ngengabwisanzure (IGF DCOS) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516180028/http://igf-dcos.org/] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye guteza imbere ukugera ku ikoranabuhanga no gufungurira amarembo ibice biherereye kure y'imijyi, ibyaro n'imiryango ituye itatanye [https://web.archive.org/web/20080807162511/http://www.pacificit.org/dc] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye gusuzuma iby'itike y'uburenganzira kuri Interineti [http://www.internet-bill-of-rights.org/en/] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye kwiga kurunyurane rw'indimi [http://maayajo.org/spip.php?article27] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye gukurikirana ibya A2K@IGF [http://www.a2k-igf.org/] * Uburenganzira bwo kwisanzura mu kuvuga ibyo utekereza n'Ubwisanzure bw'Itangazamakuru kuri Interineti (FOEonline) [http://foeonline.wordpress.com/] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye kureba ibyo gukorera hamwe igikorwa runaka hakoreshejwe interineti [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724100448/http://wiki.igf-online.net/wiki/IGF-OCDC] * Gender and Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti (GIG) * Umurongo w'amahame ngenderwaho kuri interineti * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye ku mutekano w'abana bakoresha interineti * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye ku "Kugera ku isoko y'amakuru n'Ubumuga" [http://www.itu.int/Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access)ibility/DC] * Itsinda ry'abibumbiye gusuzuma ibyo kwiga hakoreshejwe interineti === Inama nyunguranabitekerezo === Mu 2007, IGF yakoresheje amanama nyunguranabitekerezo [http://www.intgovforum.org/Rio_Schedule_final.html] which attracted great interest of the public. In particular, the theme of child protection was one of the topics that raised much participation. Ku bireba umwaka w'2008 Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) page stipulates that inama nyunguranabitekerezo[http://www.intgovforum.org/workshop_info.htm] can be proposed on the draft main session headings: * Universalization of the Internet - How to reach the next billion (Expanding the Internet) * Ibiciro bito bituma umuntu agira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru yifuza * Ikoreshandimi zitandukanye * Implications for development policy * Imicungire ya Interineti (Ugukoresha Interineti) * Critical Internet resources * Arrangements for Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti * Global cooperation for Internet Umutekano w'amakuru yo kuri Interineti (Security) and stability * Taking stock and the way forward * Ibibazo bishya bivuka The following inama nyunguranabitekerezo have been proposed as of 15 Gicurasi 2008, according to the Workshop page[http://www.intgovforum.org/inama nyunguranabitekerezo_08/wrkshplist.php]. These proposals will be reviewed, an attempt will be made to merge propositions into a manageable number of inama nyunguranabitekerezo. <center> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |+ ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Number Proposed ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Workshop Theme |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>15</center> | Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access) |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>9</center> | Kuhasanga amakuru anyuranye (Diversity) |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>15</center> | Kuba buri wese ashobora kuyagiraho uruhare (Openness) |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>21</center> | Umutekano w'amakuru yo kuri Interineti (Security) |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>13</center> | Critical Internet Resources |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>9</center> | Development |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>6</center> | Kongerera Ubushobozi Abakoresha Interinet (Capacity Building) |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>17</center> | Ibindi |} </center> A revision of the Process and programme of the Hyderabad meeting is available at www.intgovforum.org. == IGF ya I yabereye Atene (Athens) mu 2006 == Urubuga rwa interineti ruduha amakuru ashimishije arebana n'uburyo inama ya mbere ya IGF yateguwe kugeza ibaye.<ref>Twagusabaga kurusura aha hakurikira http://www.igfgreece2006.gr/</ref> == Inama ya II ya IGF yabereye i Riyo do Janeyiro mu 2007 == Icyo gihe hari ibikorwa 84 byaberaga igihe kimwe n'amasesiyo y'ingenzi, organized under the 5 main themes: (i) critical internet resources; (ii) Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access); (iii) Kuhasanga amakuru anyuranye (Diversity); (iv) Kuba buri wese ashobora kuyagiraho uruhare (Openness) and (v) Umutekano w'amakuru yo kuri Interineti (Security). There were 36 inama nyunguranabitekerezo, 23 best practices Urubugas, 11 dynamic coalitions meetings, 8 Urubuga rwaguye n'ibikorwa 6 byigaga ku bindi bibazo (nk'Inama ya Giganetithe (Giganet Symposium)<ref>{{Cite web |title=GigaNet - Global Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti Academic Network - IGLOO<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.igloo.org/giganet |accessdate=2008-09-12 |archive-date=2008-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927164719/http://www.igloo.org/giganet |deadurl=yes }}</ref>) <ref name=autogenerated3>http://www.intgovforum.org/Rio_Meeting/Chairman%20Summary.FINAL.16.11.2007.pdf</ref> The host webpage keeps video and audio records from main sessions and some parallel events such as inama nyunguranabitekerezo, best practices and open Urubugas, as well as the tool for translation into Arabic.<ref>Please see http://www.igfBurezili (Brazil)2007.br/</ref> Regarding the participation by region, around 35% of the attendees came from the Latin America and Caribbean of which 29% were from the host country (Burezili (Brazil)). There are also some interesting statistics such as<ref>Full information available at http://www.intgovforum.org/rio_stats.htm</ref>: <center> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" |+ ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Region ! style="background: #ddffdd;"|Participation |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Latin America and Caribbean</center> | 35% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Western Europe</center> | 20% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>North America</center> | 13% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Asia</center> | 13% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Africa</center> | 10% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Eastern Europe</center> | 7% |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | <center>Oceania</center> | 2% |} </center> === Amanama y'ingenzi === The main sessions were developed according the 5 themes chosen for this year: Critical Internet Resources, Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access), Kuhasanga amakuru anyuranye (Diversity), Kuba buri wese ashobora kuyagiraho uruhare (Openness) and Umutekano w'amakuru yo kuri Interineti (Security). Please see below the summary of the main sessions: ==== Opening Ceremony/Opening Session ==== The multistakeholder approach were highlighted by many speakers and panelists during the Opening Session, including the message from the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, which was read by the UN Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, M. Sha Zukang. M. Ban Ki-Moon assures that it is not a UN goal to take over Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti but only offers an opportunity to get together people with the same interest in a global reach. <ref> Available at: http://www.intgovforum.org/Rio_Meeting/IGF2-opening-12NOV07.txt (page 1)</ref> M. Sha Zukang concludes thkuri IGF was a unique experience because “it brings together people who normally do not meet under the same roof”. <ref>Available at: http://www.intgovforum.org/Rio_Meeting/IGF2-opening-12NOV07.txt (page 2)</ref> Development were also a key discussion in IGF-RIO, as the theme chosen for this meeting, including the breaking of digital divide, which becomes the theme for the next IGF: ''Internet for All.'' The nature and prospective of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti (IGF) were also discussed, as the Chairman properly summarizes<ref name=autogenerated3 />: <blockquote> ''“Abantu benshi bitabiriye ubwo butumire bavuga ko IGF atari gusa urubuga rwo kuganira, ahubwo ari n'umuyoboro ushobora gutiza umurindi ihinduka ry'ingenzi ku rwego rw'ibanze mu rwego rwo kongerera abaturage ubushobozi, build capacity and skills enable the Internet`s expansion, thereby contributing to economic and social development.''"</blockquote> ==== Amakuru y'abasesenguzi b'ibya Interineti ==== ==== Kugera ku makuru ==== ==== Ibitekerezo binyuranye ==== ==== Ubwisanzure ==== ==== Umutekano ==== ====Taking Stock and the Way Forward ==== ====Ibibazo bishya byo kwigwaho==== This session aims to identify key issues in Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti that should be addressed in the Urubuga. Ingorane ya mbere yabaye gutoranya zimwe mu ngingo zo kwigaho, bitewe n'uko hari ibitekerezo binyuranye bitashoboragwa kwigwaho ku buryo burambuye n'itsinda rimgana uko. There were four themes proposed: (i) '''demand and supply side initiatives''' (by Robert Pepper). He brought into debate the economic concept of demand and supply applied to Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti. On the demand side, there were interesting proposals, such as the need for educating trough capacity-building Internet users, the ability of people controlling their web ID (part of educating the usage in Internet), local content in local languages (enforcing local community) and improving public policies (but not over regulating, such as prohibiting or limiting Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access) to VoIP, which can suppress the demand). On the supply side, there were the common concern of extending Internet users/Kugira ubushobozi bwo kugera ku makuru wifuza (Access), but also considering ''“the opportunities created by the release of spectrum through the switch to digital broadcasting were highlighted. Some speakers suggested that such spectrum could be used to support new broadband networks and support new investment and innovative services, while Ibindis held the view that this would not be a sustainable solution.”'' <ref name=autogenerated3 /> (ii) '''ibibazo mbonezamubano, ibijyanye n'umuco na politiki bya Web 2.0''' (bizakorwa na Andrew Keen); (iii) '''kugera ku isoko y'amakuru''' (by'umwihariko muri Afurika, bizakorwa na Nii Quaynor) na (iv) '''guhanga ibishya, ubushakashatsi n'amajyambere''' (bizakorwa Robert Kahn). AnIbindi challenge was to discuss emerging issues in a global Urubuga with different perspectives, for example, developed and developing countries realities; democratic and non-democratic political regimes, etc. ==== Igice gisoza ==== == Inama za IGF mu gihe kizaza == 2008 Inama ya gatatu ya IGFizabera i Hiderabadi, mu Buhindi kuva ku wa 3-6 Ukuboza 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090505134825/http://igf2008.in/]<br> 2009 Guverinoma ya Misiri yemeye kuzategura inama ya IGF yo mu 2009 IGF. <br> 2010 Guverinima ya Lituwaniya na Azerubayija ziri gupiganirwa gutegura no kwakira inama yo mu 2010. ==Inyandiko zifashishijwe== {{reflist}} ==Imiyoboro ikugeza kuyandi masite== *[http://www.intgovforum.org Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090505134825/http://igf2008.in/ IGF - Hiderabadi (Hyderabad) 2008] *[http://www.igfBurezili (Brazil)2007.br IGF - Burezili (Burezili (Brazil)) 2007] *[http://www.igfgreece2006.gr IGF - Ubugereki (Greece) 2006] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140517105111/http://igf-online.net/ IGF - Site y'Abanyamuryango] *[http://ipjustice.org/wp/campaigns/igf/ IP - Urubuga rwa IGF ku butabera] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081215181646/http://www.diplomacy.edu/Conferences/IG/default.asp Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti: Ibigomba gukorwa]. An international conference organised by DiploFoundation discusses the objectives, multi-stakeholder composition, organisation and relevance of Urubuga ku micungire n'imiyoborere ya Interineti. *Ibyavugiwe mu nama mpuzamahanga:[https://web.archive.org/web/20081029174058/http://www.diplomacy.edu/Conferences/MSD/papers/kurbalija.pdf "Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti and Multistakeholder Diplomacy"]byakozwe na Jovan Kurbalija. The presentation reflects on the diplomatic dimension of internet management, the multistakeholder composition and inter-professional dimension of the Itsinda Rikurikirana iby' Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti (WGIG). [[Category: Imicungire n'Imiyoborere ya Interineti]] [[Category: Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] == Notes == <references/> fe714bdwfgffxfhtmpmbhct9dt8wt0y 10 2234 84042 65559 2022-05-19T05:58:52Z BevoLJ 10818 fixing Inyandikorugero:Navbox to module wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> tqodcaa2vvhehqaod229udlla0wimek 10 2235 65558 22700 2013-03-11T10:32:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5406543]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{nodiv|}}}|<!--then: -->&nbsp;<span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; {{{fontstyle|}}}; {{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}} {{{style|}}}">|<!--else: --><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; {{{fontstyle|}}}; {{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}} {{{style|}}}"><!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{mini|}}}{{{miniv|}}}{{{plain|}}}{{{viewplain|}}}|<!--equals:-->1|<!--then: -->|<!--else: -->This box:&nbsp;<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{miniv|}}}{{{viewplain|}}}|<!--equals:-->1|<!--then: -->[[Template:{{{1}}}|<span title="View this template" style="{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}">{{#if:{{{viewplain|}}}|view|v}}</span>]]|<!--else: -->[[Template:{{{1}}}|<span title="View this template" style="{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}">{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|v|view}}</span>]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&nbsp;[[Template talk:{{{1}}}|<span style="color:#002bb8;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}" title="Discussion about this template">{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|d|talk}}</span>]]&nbsp;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&nbsp;[{{fullurl:{{ns:10}}:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} <span style="color:#002bb8;{{{fontstyle|}}};{{#if:{{{fontcolor|}}}|color:{{{fontcolor}}};}}" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">{{#if:{{{mini|}}}|e|edit}}</span>]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nodiv|}}}|<!--then: --></span>&nbsp;|<!--else: --></div><!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> </noinclude> [[Category:Template]] 53lsqqqk044uclm74kmffwwnzda8983 10 2236 70136 68282 2015-08-03T05:29:23Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6807116]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda |title = [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] |image = [[Image:Flag of Rwanda.svg|30px|right|Flag of Rwanda]] |list1 = [[Dominique Mbonyumutwa]] • [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] • [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] • [[Théodore Sindikubwabo]] • [[Pasteur Bizimungu]] • [[Paul Kagame]] }} [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Template]] 7w7nfjfxnjqevwivhtih49vvtu51rt8 10 2238 64636 64256 2013-03-07T18:08:24Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 241 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5547114]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Icyongereza|en]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-N|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 5lr8alybkd9zm97rphoip7ewk6lgj61 14 2239 67807 64637 2013-04-13T09:54:08Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6398678]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 0 2297 77471 76894 2021-08-11T02:27:08Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda''' ('''NUR''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; cyangwa '''UNR''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Université nationale du Rwanda'' ; izina mu cyongereza : ''National University of Rwanda'') ni yo Kaminuza nini mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibarizwa kuri 2° 36′ 58″ S, 29° 44′ 34″ E mu mujyi wa [[Butare]]. Yashinzwe mu [[Dosiye:Université_nationale_du_Rwanda_à_Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda|181x181px]] mwaka w’1963, ishingwa na guverinoma y’u Rwanda ku bufatanye n’abakristu b’abadominikani bo mu mujyi wa [[Québec]] mu gihugu cya [[Kanada]]. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda_-_LOGO_B_RV.png|thumb|167x167px|Ikirango cya Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda kivuguruye ]] Ikimara gushingwa, iyi kaminuza yatangiranye [[amashami]] (''facultés'') atatu gusa, ari yo: Ishami ry’ubuganga; Ishami rijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’umuryango (''sciences sociales'') n’Ishami nderabarezi (''science de l'éducation''). Yatangiranye kandi abanyeshuli 51 n’abarimu 16. Muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo muw’1994]], iyi kaminuza yaguyemo inzirakarengane nyinshi ndetse ikurizamo no gufunga, ifungura mu mwaka w’1995. Ikimara gufungura, ururimi rw’uburezi rwahise ruba [[icyongereza]], kigakoreshwa hamwe n’[[igifaransa]]. Mu mwaka w’2005, uburere bwatangwaga muri kaminuza bwibanze ku bumenyi-ngiro (''science'') n’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’ubumenyamuntu (''humanités''), bikigishwa mu rurimi rw’igifaransa n’icyongereza. Guhera mu mwaka w’2005, abanyeshuli bigaga muri iyi kaminuza babarirwaga kuri 8221, naho abarimu bakaba 425. Dore amatariki y’ingirakamaro n’ibikorwa byabayeho muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda: *Kuwa 3 Ugushyingo 1963: iyi kaminuza yafunguwe ku mugaragaro. *Kuwa 12 Gicurasi 1964: hatowe itegeko rishyiraho iyi kaminuza. *1966: hashinzwe ikigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi ku nkunga ya UNDP ifatanije na UNESCO. Iki kigo cyari kigamije guhugura no kuzamura ubumenyi bw’abarimu bigishaga mu mashuli yisumbuye. *1967: iyi kaminuza yaraguwe hagamijwe kuyegereza abaturage ngo ibafashe. *1972: hashyizweho ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi gishingiye kuri pharmacy mu ishami ry’ubuganga. Iri shami ryatangiye gukora ku buryo bwigenga guhera mu mwaka w’1980. *Gicurasi 1973: kaminuza y’u Rwanda yashyizeho amahugurwa animbitse ku nzobere z’abubatsi, ishyiraho n’imbanzirizamushinga ku bukanishi buhanitse bw’ibikoresho by’umuriro (électro mécanique). *Ukwakira 1973: hafunguwe ishami ry’amategeko ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Instelling Antwerpen. *1974: mu ishami ry’ubumenyi-ngiro hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngufu z’amashanyarazi. Iri shami ryatangiye kwigenga mu mwaka w’1997 *Kuwa 13 Kamena 1979: hashinzwe ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (agronomie) mu ishami ry’umumenyi-ngiro. *Kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1981: akminuza y’u Rwanda yafunguye ishami mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, iba igize amashami abiri. Nyuma y’imyaka mike, ishami ry’amategeko ryimukiye i Mburabuturo. *Ugushyingo 1988: hijihijwe imyaka 25 kaminuza y’u Rwanda yari imaze ishinzwe. Hashyizweho kandi ikigo cy’ubutegetsi n’amategeko (Institut Supérieur de l'Administration Publique-ISAP), ku bufatanye n’umuryango Konrad Adanauer. *Mata-Nyakanga 1994: abarezi n’abanyeshuli batari bake bazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Hangiritse kandi ibikoresho bitandukanye, inyubako, n’ibindi. Ibi byatumye kaminuza ihita ifungwa. *Mutarama 1995: kampisi ya Ruhengeri n’ishami ry’amategeko byimukiye ku cyicaro gikuru cya kaminuza i Butare. Kuri iyi tariki kandi ni ho kaminuza yongeye gufungurwa, maze amashami n’amashuli yose byimurirwa i Butare. Muri uyu mwaka, kaminuza yari iteganijwe gutangirana abanyeshuli 1600, ariko itangirana 4500. Aha ni naho icyongereza cyatangiye kuba ururimi rw’uburezi. *Kuwa 2 Mata 1996: hashyizweho ishuli ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga (ESTI). *1997: hashyizweho umwaka w’indimi (igifaransa n’icyongereza) ku banyeshuli bose batangira umwaka wa mbere muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda.[[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda_headquarters.jpg|thumb|Ibiro bikuru bya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda by'ubatse mu mujyi wa Kigali nyuma kwimurwa i Butare ubwo Kaminuza yahurizwaga hamwe ikitwa UR.]] *1998: hatangijwe icyiciro gihanitse (doctorat) mu ishami ry’ubuganga. *Kuwa 15 Kamena 1998: hashyizweho komisiyo ishinzwe ubushakashatsi. *Mu mpera z’umwaka w’1998: ishami ry’ubumenyi n’iry’ubumenyi-ngiro yarateranijwe abyara ishami ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga. *1999: hashinzwe ishami ryigisha gukemura amakimbirane. *Kuwa 27 Ukwakira 1999: hashinzwe ihuriro ryo kurwanya SIDA muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda. *Ukuboza 1999: hashinzwe iahami rya kaminuza ry’indimi, ryari rifite intego yo guteza imbere indimi n’umuco mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubumwe bw’igihugu, ubwiyunge n’amahoro. Iri shami kandi ryari ritegerejwe guteza imbere umuco nyarwanda mu mahanga. *Mata 2000: hashinzwe ishuli ry’ubuzima (Santé publique) *Kanama 2000: ishuli ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ryahindutse ishuli ry’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere igihugu muri uru rwego. *Kuwa 3 Ugushyingo 2002: hashyizweho alumni ya kminuza y’u Rwanda. *Kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2005: hashyizweho ku mugaragaro ishami rihanitse (post-graduate) mu ishuli ry’ubuganga. *Kuwa 18 Ugushyingo 2005: hashinzwe ku mugaragaro “Radio Salus.” == Colleges == <!--aya makuru ashobora kuvugururwa--> == Amashami == Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ifite amashami 9, ari yo: # Ishami ry’ubuganga (''médecine'') # Ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (''agriculture'') # Ishami ry’indimi, itangazamakuru n’ubumenyamuntu # Ishami ry’ubumenyi-ngiro # Ishami ry’amategeko # Ishami ry’ubumenyi # Ishami ry’ubukungu n’icungamari # Ishami ry’indimi ritegura abanyeshuli (''Fondation compétence linguistique'') # Ishuli ry’ubuzima (''Santé publique'') [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 7mceogzfmqhfz1yfji31uohpz9wts27 0 2319 78945 75620 2021-08-30T05:38:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki kubaza bitera kumenya. urugero: Ese hari ikibazo wumva ufite? [[Dosiye:QuestionMark.jpg|center|thumb|ikibazo cyose gisozwa niki cyimenyetso]] bko2hpvbw7h1evhw6jidiwgvyacw9bn 14 2330 65556 64639 2013-03-11T10:31:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5568721]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki Itsembabwoko = Jenoside ''Itsemba'' (from the verb ''gutsemba'' - to exterminate, to massacre) and ''ubwoko'' (ethnic group, clan) Compare to ''Itsembatsemba'' (mass killing). Also ''ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu'' OR ''ibyaha ku kiremwamuntu'' (crimes against humanity) and ''ibyaha by’ intambara'' (war crimes) [[Category:Amateka]] 4w952t15oebs0eephwv3z0wj479xzgs 0 2337 81360 78057 2022-01-21T19:16:08Z НСНУ 10569 Masedoniya ya Ruguru, Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ISO_3166-1_Numeric_map.svg|thumb|Ikarita yerekana ibihugu biri k'urutonde rwa ISO 3166-1 ]] Urutonde rw’ibihugu ISO 3166-1 <br /> [[Dosiye:Europe_ISO_3166-1.svg|thumb|Europe ISO 3166-1]] [[Dosiye:Oceania_ISO_3166-1.svg|thumb|Oceania ISO 3166-1]] <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! izina ! itegekongenga<br /> Alpha-2 ! itegekongenga<br /> Alpha-3 ! itegekongenga<br /> ry’umubare ! itegekongenga<br /> [[ISO 3166-2]] |- | [[Afuganisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AF|<tt>AF</tt>]] || <tt>AFG</tt> || <tt>004</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AF]] |- | [[Afurika y’Epfo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ZA|<tt>ZA</tt>]] || <tt>ZAF</tt> || <tt>710</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ZA]] |- | [[Aligeriya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DZ|<tt>DZ</tt>]] || <tt>DZA</tt> || <tt>012</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DZ]] |- | [[Alubaniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AL|<tt>AL</tt>]] || <tt>ALB</tt> || <tt>008</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AL]] |- | [[Andora]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AD|<tt>AD</tt>]] || <tt>AND</tt> || <tt>020</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AD]] |- | [[Angola]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AO|<tt>AO</tt>]] || <tt>AGO</tt> || <tt>024</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AO]] |- | [[Angwiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AI|<tt>AI</tt>]] || <tt>AIA</tt> || <tt>660</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AI]] |- | [[Antarigitika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AQ|<tt>AQ</tt>]] || <tt>ATA</tt> || <tt>010</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AQ]] |- | [[Antigwa na Baribuda]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AG|<tt>AG</tt>]] || <tt>ATG</tt> || <tt>028</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AG]] |- | [[Arabiya Sawudite]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SA|<tt>SA</tt>]] || <tt>SAU</tt> || <tt>682</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SA]] |- | [[Arijantine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AR|<tt>AR</tt>]] || <tt>ARG</tt> || <tt>032</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AR]] |- | [[Aruba]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AW|<tt>AW</tt>]] || <tt>ABW</tt> || <tt>533</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AW]] |- | [[Arumeniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AM|<tt>AM</tt>]] || <tt>ARM</tt> || <tt>051</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AM]] |- | [[Azeribayijani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AZ|<tt>AZ</tt>]] || <tt>AZE</tt> || <tt>031</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AZ]] |- | [[Bahamasi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BS|<tt>BS</tt>]] || <tt>BHS</tt> || <tt>044</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BS]] |- | [[Bahirayini]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BH|<tt>BH</tt>]] || <tt>BHR</tt> || <tt>048</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BH]] |- | [[Bangaladeshi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BD|<tt>BD</tt>]] || <tt>BGD</tt> || <tt>050</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BD]] |- | [[Barubadosi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BB|<tt>BB</tt>]] || <tt>BRB</tt> || <tt>052</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BB]] |- | [[Belarusi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BY|<tt>BY</tt>]] || <tt>BLR</tt> || <tt>112</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BY]] |- | [[Belize]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BZ|<tt>BZ</tt>]] || <tt>BLZ</tt> || <tt>084</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BZ]] |- | [[Bene]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BJ|<tt>BJ</tt>]] || <tt>BEN</tt> || <tt>204</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BJ]] |- | [[Berimuda]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BM|<tt>BM</tt>]] || <tt>BMU</tt> || <tt>060</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BM]] |- | [[Boliviya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BO|<tt>BO</tt>]] || <tt>BOL</tt> || <tt>068</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BO]] |- | "Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba" | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BQ|<tt>BQ</tt>]] || <tt>BES</tt> || <tt>535</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BQ]] |- | [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BA|<tt>BA</tt>]] || <tt>BIH</tt> || <tt>070</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BA]] |- | [[Botswana]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BW|<tt>BW</tt>]] || <tt>BWA</tt> || <tt>072</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BW]] |- | [[Buligariya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BG|<tt>BG</tt>]] || <tt>BGR</tt> || <tt>100</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BG]] |- | [[Burezile]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BR|<tt>BR</tt>]] || <tt>BRA</tt> || <tt>076</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BR]] |- | [[Burukina Faso]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BF|<tt>BF</tt>]] || <tt>BFA</tt> || <tt>854</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BF]] |- | [[Buruneyi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BN|<tt>BN</tt>]] || <tt>BRN</tt> || <tt>096</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BN]] |- | [[Butani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BT|<tt>BT</tt>]] || <tt>BTN</tt> || <tt>064</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BT]] |- | [[Cade]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TD|<tt>TD</tt>]] || <tt>TCD</tt> || <tt>148</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TD]] |- | [[Cekiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CZ|<tt>CZ</tt>]] || <tt>CZE</tt> || <tt>203</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CZ]] |- | [[Danimarike]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DK|<tt>DK</tt>]] || <tt>DNK</tt> || <tt>208</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DK]] |- | [[Dominika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DM|<tt>DM</tt>]] || <tt>DMA</tt> || <tt>212</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DM]] |- | [[Ekwadoro]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#EC|<tt>EC</tt>]] || <tt>ECU</tt> || <tt>218</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:EC]] |- | [[Eritereya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ER|<tt>ER</tt>]] || <tt>ERI</tt> || <tt>232</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ER]] |- | [[Esipanye]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ES|<tt>ES</tt>]] || <tt>ESP</tt> || <tt>724</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ES]] |- | [[Esitoniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#EE|<tt>EE</tt>]] || <tt>EST</tt> || <tt>233</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:EE]] |- | [[Etiyopiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ET|<tt>ET</tt>]] || <tt>ETH</tt> || <tt>231</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ET]] |- | [[Fiji]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FJ|<tt>FJ</tt>]] || <tt>FJI</tt> || <tt>242</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FJ]] |- | [[Filipine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PH|<tt>PH</tt>]] || <tt>PHL</tt> || <tt>608</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PH]] |- | [[Finilande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FI|<tt>FI</tt>]] || <tt>FIN</tt> || <tt>246</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FI]] |- | [[Gabo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GA|<tt>GA</tt>]] || <tt>GAB</tt> || <tt>266</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GA]] |- | [[Gambiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GM|<tt>GM</tt>]] || <tt>GMB</tt> || <tt>270</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GM]] |- | [[Gana]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GH|<tt>GH</tt>]] || <tt>GHA</tt> || <tt>288</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GH]] |- | [[Gerenada]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GD|<tt>GD</tt>]] || <tt>GRD</tt> || <tt>308</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GD]] |- | [[Geworugiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GE|<tt>GE</tt>]] || <tt>GEO</tt> || <tt>268</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GE]] |- | [[Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GS|<tt>GS</tt>]] || <tt>SGS</tt> || <tt>239</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GS]] |- | [[Giburalitari]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GI|<tt>GI</tt>]] || <tt>GIB</tt> || <tt>292</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GI]] |- | [[Gineya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GN|<tt>GN</tt>]] || <tt>GIN</tt> || <tt>324</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GN]] |- | [[Gineya-Biso]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GW|<tt>GW</tt>]] || <tt>GNB</tt> || <tt>624</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GW]] |- | [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GQ|<tt>GQ</tt>]] || <tt>GNQ</tt> || <tt>226</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GQ]] |- | [[Giyana]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GY|<tt>GY</tt>]] || <tt>GUY</tt> || <tt>328</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GY]] |- | [[Goronulande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GL|<tt>GL</tt>]] || <tt>GRL</tt> || <tt>304</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GL]] |- | [[Guyane Nyamfaransa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GF|<tt>GF</tt>]] || <tt>GUF</tt> || <tt>254</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GF]] |- | [[Gwadelupe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GP|<tt>GP</tt>]] || <tt>GLP</tt> || <tt>312</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GP]] |- | [[Gwami]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GU|<tt>GU</tt>]] || <tt>GUM</tt> || <tt>316</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GU]] |- | [[Gwasi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GG|<tt>GG</tt>]] || <tt>GGY</tt> || <tt>831</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GG]] |- | [[Gwatemala]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GT|<tt>GT</tt>]] || <tt>GTM</tt> || <tt>320</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GT]] |- | [[Hayiti]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HT|<tt>HT</tt>]] || <tt>HTI</tt> || <tt>332</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HT]] |- | [[Helena Ntagatifu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SH|<tt>SH</tt>]] || <tt>SHN</tt> || <tt>654</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SH]] |- | [[Hondurasi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HN|<tt>HN</tt>]] || <tt>HND</tt> || <tt>340</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HN]] |- | [[Hongiriya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HU|<tt>HU</tt>]] || <tt>HUN</tt> || <tt>348</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HU]] |- | [[Hongo Kongo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HK|<tt>HK</tt>]] || <tt>HKG</tt> || <tt>344</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HK]] |- | [[Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TF|<tt>TF</tt>]] || <tt>ATF</tt> || <tt>260</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TF]] |- | [[Ibirwa Bito Bikikije Leta Zunze Ubumwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#UM|<tt>UM</tt>]] || <tt>UMI</tt> || <tt>581</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:UM]] |- | [[Ibirwa by’Alande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AX|<tt>AX</tt>]] || <tt>ALA</tt> || <tt>248</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AX]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Farowe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FO|<tt>FO</tt>]] || <tt>FRO</tt> || <tt>234</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FO]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Folukilande]] cyangwa [[Ibirwa bya Maluvinasi|Maluvinasi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FK|<tt>FK</tt>]] || <tt>FLK</tt> || <tt>238</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FK]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Kayimani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KY|<tt>KY</tt>]] || <tt>CYM</tt> || <tt>136</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KY]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Koko]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CC|<tt>CC</tt>]] || <tt>CCK</tt> || <tt>166</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CC]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Kuke]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CK|<tt>CK</tt>]] || <tt>COK</tt> || <tt>184</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CK]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Marishali]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MH|<tt>MH</tt>]] || <tt>MHL</tt> || <tt>584</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MH]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MP|<tt>MP</tt>]] || <tt>MNP</tt> || <tt>580</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MP]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Norufoluki]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NF|<tt>NF</tt>]] || <tt>NFK</tt> || <tt>574</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NF]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Solomoni]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SB|<tt>SB</tt>]] || <tt>SLB</tt> || <tt>090</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SB]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TC|<tt>TC</tt>]] || <tt>TCA</tt> || <tt>796</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TC]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Virigini bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VI|<tt>VI</tt>]] || <tt>VIR</tt> || <tt>850</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VI]] |- | [[Ibirwa bya Virigini Nyongereza]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VG|<tt>VG</tt>]] || <tt>VGB</tt> || <tt>092</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VG]] |- | [[Icyirwa Hadi n’Ibirwa MakeDonalidi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HM|<tt>HM</tt>]] || <tt>HMD</tt> || <tt>334</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HM]] |- | [[Ikerene]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#UA|<tt>UA</tt>]] || <tt>UKR</tt> || <tt>804</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:UA]] |- | [[Ikirwa cya Bouve]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BV|<tt>BV</tt>]] || <tt>BVT</tt> || <tt>074</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BV]] |- | [[Ikirwa cya Man]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IM|<tt>IM</tt>]] || <tt>IMN</tt> || <tt>833</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IM]] |- | [[Ikirwa cya Noheli]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CX|<tt>CX</tt>]] || <tt>CXR</tt> || <tt>162</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CX]] |- | [[Indonesiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ID|<tt>ID</tt>]] || <tt>IDN</tt> || <tt>360</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ID]] |- | [[Irake]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IQ|<tt>IQ</tt>]] || <tt>IRQ</tt> || <tt>368</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IQ]] |- | [[Irani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IR|<tt>IR</tt>]] || <tt>IRN</tt> || <tt>364</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IR]] |- | [[Irigwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#UY|<tt>UY</tt>]] || <tt>URY</tt> || <tt>858</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:UY]] |- | [[Irilande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IE|<tt>IE</tt>]] || <tt>IRL</tt> || <tt>372</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IE]] |- | [[Isilande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IS|<tt>IS</tt>]] || <tt>ISL</tt> || <tt>352</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IS]] |- | [[Isirayeli]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IL|<tt>IL</tt>]] || <tt>ISR</tt> || <tt>376</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IL]] |- | [[Jamayika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#JM|<tt>JM</tt>]] || <tt>JAM</tt> || <tt>388</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:JM]] |- | [[Jersey]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#JE|<tt>JE</tt>]] || <tt>JEY</tt> || <tt>832</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:JE]] |- | [[Jibuti]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DJ|<tt>DJ</tt>]] || <tt>DJI</tt> || <tt>262</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DJ]] |- | [[Kambodiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KH|<tt>KH</tt>]] || <tt>KHM</tt> || <tt>116</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KH]] |- | [[Kameruni]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CM|<tt>CM</tt>]] || <tt>CMR</tt> || <tt>120</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CM]] |- | [[Kanada]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CA|<tt>CA</tt>]] || <tt>CAN</tt> || <tt>124</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CA]] |- | [[Kapu Veri]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CV|<tt>CV</tt>]] || <tt>CPV</tt> || <tt>132</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CV]] |- | [[Katari]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#QA|<tt>QA</tt>]] || <tt>QAT</tt> || <tt>634</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:QA]] |- | [[Kazakisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KZ|<tt>KZ</tt>]] || <tt>KAZ</tt> || <tt>398</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KZ]] |- | [[Kenya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KE|<tt>KE</tt>]] || <tt>KEN</tt> || <tt>404</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KE]] |- | [[Kiba]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CU|<tt>CU</tt>]] || <tt>CUB</tt> || <tt>192</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CU]] |- | [[Kiribati]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KI|<tt>KI</tt>]] || <tt>KIR</tt> || <tt>296</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KI]] |- | [[Kirigizasitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KG|<tt>KG</tt>]] || <tt>KGZ</tt> || <tt>417</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KG]] |- | [[Kolombiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CO|<tt>CO</tt>]] || <tt>COL</tt> || <tt>170</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CO]] |- | [[Komore]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KM|<tt>KM</tt>]] || <tt>COM</tt> || <tt>174</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KM]] |- | [[Kongo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CG|<tt>CG</tt>]] || <tt>COG</tt> || <tt>178</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CG]] |- | [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KP|<tt>KP</tt>]] || <tt>PRK</tt> || <tt>408</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KP]] |- | [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KR|<tt>KR</tt>]] || <tt>KOR</tt> || <tt>410</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KR]] |- | [[Korowatiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#HR|<tt>HR</tt>]] || <tt>HRV</tt> || <tt>191</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:HR]] |- | [[Kosita Rika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CR|<tt>CR</tt>]] || <tt>CRI</tt> || <tt>188</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CR]] |- | [[Kote Divuwari]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CI|<tt>CI</tt>]] || <tt>CIV</tt> || <tt>384</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CI]] |- | [[Koweti]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KW|<tt>KW</tt>]] || <tt>KWT</tt> || <tt>414</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KW]] |- | "Curaçao" | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CW|<tt>CW</tt>]] || <tt>CUW</tt> || <tt>531</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CW]] |- | [[Lativiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LV|<tt>LV</tt>]] || <tt>LVA</tt> || <tt>428</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LV]] |- | [[Lawosi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LA|<tt>LA</tt>]] || <tt>LAO</tt> || <tt>418</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LA]] |- | [[Lesoto]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LS|<tt>LS</tt>]] || <tt>LSO</tt> || <tt>426</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LS]] |- | [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#US|<tt>US</tt>]] || <tt>USA</tt> || <tt>840</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:US]] |- | [[Libani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LB|<tt>LB</tt>]] || <tt>LBN</tt> || <tt>422</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LB]] |- | [[Liberiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LR|<tt>LR</tt>]] || <tt>LBR</tt> || <tt>430</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LR]] |- | [[Libiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LY|<tt>LY</tt>]] || <tt>LBY</tt> || <tt>434</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LY]] |- | [[Lituwaniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LT|<tt>LT</tt>]] || <tt>LTU</tt> || <tt>440</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LT]] |- | [[Liyeshitensiteyine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LI|<tt>LI</tt>]] || <tt>LIE</tt> || <tt>438</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LI]] |- | [[Lugizamburu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LU|<tt>LU</tt>]] || <tt>LUX</tt> || <tt>442</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LU]] |- | [[Madagasikari]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MG|<tt>MG</tt>]] || <tt>MDG</tt> || <tt>450</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MG]] |- | [[Makawo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MO|<tt>MO</tt>]] || <tt>MAC</tt> || <tt>446</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MO]] |- | [[Malawi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MW|<tt>MW</tt>]] || <tt>MWI</tt> || <tt>454</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MW]] |- | [[Malesiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MY|<tt>MY</tt>]] || <tt>MYS</tt> || <tt>458</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MY]] |- | [[Mali]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ML|<tt>ML</tt>]] || <tt>MLI</tt> || <tt>466</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ML]] |- | [[Malidivezi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MV|<tt>MV</tt>]] || <tt>MDV</tt> || <tt>462</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MV]] |- | [[Malita]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MT|<tt>MT</tt>]] || <tt>MLT</tt> || <tt>470</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MT]] |- | [[Maritike]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MQ|<tt>MQ</tt>]] || <tt>MTQ</tt> || <tt>474</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MQ]] |- | [[Maroke]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MA|<tt>MA</tt>]] || <tt>MAR</tt> || <tt>504</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MA]] |- | [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MK|<tt>MK</tt>]] || <tt>MKD</tt> || <tt>807</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MK]] |- | [[Mayanimari]] (Burma) | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MM|<tt>MM</tt>]] || <tt>MMR</tt> || <tt>104</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MM]] |- | [[Mayoti]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#YT|<tt>YT</tt>]] || <tt>MYT</tt> || <tt>175</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:YT]] |- | [[Megizike]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MX|<tt>MX</tt>]] || <tt>MEX</tt> || <tt>484</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MX]] |- | [[Mikoronesiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FM|<tt>FM</tt>]] || <tt>FSM</tt> || <tt>583</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FM]] |- | [[Misiri]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#EG|<tt>EG</tt>]] || <tt>EGY</tt> || <tt>818</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:EG]] |- | [[Molidova]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MD|<tt>MD</tt>]] || <tt>MDA</tt> || <tt>498</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MD]] |- | [[Monako]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MC|<tt>MC</tt>]] || <tt>MCO</tt> || <tt>492</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MC]] |- | [[Mongoliya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MN|<tt>MN</tt>]] || <tt>MNG</tt> || <tt>496</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MN]] |- | [[Monserati]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MS|<tt>MS</tt>]] || <tt>MSR</tt> || <tt>500</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MS]] |- | [[Montenegoro]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ME|<tt>ME</tt>]] || <tt>MNE</tt> || <tt>499</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ME]] |- | [[Morise]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MU|<tt>MU</tt>]] || <tt>MUS</tt> || <tt>480</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MU]] |- | [[Moritaniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MR|<tt>MR</tt>]] || <tt>MRT</tt> || <tt>478</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MR]] |- | [[Mozambike]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MZ|<tt>MZ</tt>]] || <tt>MOZ</tt> || <tt>508</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MZ]] |- | [[Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#KN|<tt>KN</tt>]] || <tt>KNA</tt> || <tt>659</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:KN]] |- | [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Leta)|Mutagatifu Lusiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LC|<tt>LC</tt>]] || <tt>LCA</tt> || <tt>662</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LC]] |- | [[Mutagatifu Marino]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SM|<tt>SM</tt>]] || <tt>SMR</tt> || <tt>674</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SM]] |- | [[Mutagatifu Petero na Mikeloni]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PM|<tt>PM</tt>]] || <tt>SPM</tt> || <tt>666</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PM]] |- | [[Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VC|<tt>VC</tt>]] || <tt>VCT</tt> || <tt>670</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VC]] |- | "Saint Barthélemy" | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BL|<tt>BL</tt>]] || <tt>BLM</tt> || <tt>652</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BL]] |- | "Saint Martin (French part)" | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#MF|<tt>MF</tt>]] || <tt>MAF</tt> || <tt>663</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:MF]] |- | "Sint Maarten (Dutch part)" | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SX|<tt>SX</tt>]] || <tt>SXM</tt> || <tt>534</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SX]] |- | [[Namibiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NA|<tt>NA</tt>]] || <tt>NAM</tt> || <tt>516</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NA]] |- | [[Nawuru]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NR|<tt>NR</tt>]] || <tt>NRU</tt> || <tt>520</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NR]] |- | [[Nepali]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NP|<tt>NP</tt>]] || <tt>NPL</tt> || <tt>524</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NP]] |- | [[Nigeri]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NE|<tt>NE</tt>]] || <tt>NER</tt> || <tt>562</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NE]] |- | [[Nijeriya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NG|<tt>NG</tt>]] || <tt>NGA</tt> || <tt>566</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NG]] |- | [[Nikaragwa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NI|<tt>NI</tt>]] || <tt>NIC</tt> || <tt>558</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NI]] |- | [[Niyuwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NU|<tt>NU</tt>]] || <tt>NIU</tt> || <tt>570</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NU]] |- | [[Noruveje]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NO|<tt>NO</tt>]] || <tt>NOR</tt> || <tt>578</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NO]] |- | [[Nuveli Kalidoniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NC|<tt>NC</tt>]] || <tt>NCL</tt> || <tt>540</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NC]] |- | [[Nuveli Zelande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NZ|<tt>NZ</tt>]] || <tt>NZL</tt> || <tt>554</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NZ]] |- | [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AE|<tt>AE</tt>]] || <tt>ARE</tt> || <tt>784</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AE]] |- | [[Omani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#OM|<tt>OM</tt>]] || <tt>OMN</tt> || <tt>512</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:OM]] |- | [[Ositaraliya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AU|<tt>AU</tt>]] || <tt>AUS</tt> || <tt>036</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AU]] |- | [[Ositiriya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AT|<tt>AT</tt>]] || <tt>AUT</tt> || <tt>040</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AT]] |- | [[Pakisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PK|<tt>PK</tt>]] || <tt>PAK</tt> || <tt>586</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PK]] |- | [[Palawu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PW|<tt>PW</tt>]] || <tt>PLW</tt> || <tt>585</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PW]] |- | [[Palestine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PS|<tt>PS</tt>]] || <tt>PSE</tt> || <tt>275</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PS]] |- | [[Panama]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PA|<tt>PA</tt>]] || <tt>PAN</tt> || <tt>591</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PA]] |- | [[Papuwa Nuveli Gineya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PG|<tt>PG</tt>]] || <tt>PNG</tt> || <tt>598</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PG]] |- | [[Paragwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PY|<tt>PY</tt>]] || <tt>PRY</tt> || <tt>600</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PY]] |- | [[Peru]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PE|<tt>PE</tt>]] || <tt>PER</tt> || <tt>604</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PE]] |- | [[Piticayirine]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PN|<tt>PN</tt>]] || <tt>PCN</tt> || <tt>612</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PN]] |- | [[Polinesiya Nyamfaransa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PF|<tt>PF</tt>]] || <tt>PYF</tt> || <tt>258</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PF]] |- | [[Polonye]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PL|<tt>PL</tt>]] || <tt>POL</tt> || <tt>616</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PL]] |- | [[Porutigali]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PT|<tt>PT</tt>]] || <tt>PRT</tt> || <tt>620</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PT]] |- | [[Puwerito Riko]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#PR|<tt>PR</tt>]] || <tt>PRI</tt> || <tt>630</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:PR]] |- | [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CD|<tt>CD</tt>]] || <tt>COD</tt> || <tt>180</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CD]] |- | [[Repubulika ya Dominikani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DO|<tt>DO</tt>]] || <tt>DOM</tt> || <tt>214</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DO]] |- | [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CF|<tt>CF</tt>]] || <tt>CAF</tt> || <tt>140</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CF]] |- | [[Reyiniyo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#RE|<tt>RE</tt>]] || <tt>REU</tt> || <tt>638</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:RE]] |- | [[Romaniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#RO|<tt>RO</tt>]] || <tt>ROU</tt> || <tt>642</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:RO]] |- | [[Rwanda]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#RW|<tt>RW</tt>]] || <tt>RWA</tt> || <tt>646</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:RW]] |- | [[Sahara y’Uburengerazuba]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#EH|<tt>EH</tt>]] || <tt>ESH</tt> || <tt>732</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:EH]] |- | [[Saluvadoro]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SV|<tt>SV</tt>]] || <tt>SLV</tt> || <tt>222</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SV]] |- | [[Samowa Nyamerika]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#AS|<tt>AS</tt>]] || <tt>ASM</tt> || <tt>016</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:AS]] |- | [[Samowa y’Uburengerazuba]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#WS|<tt>WS</tt>]] || <tt>WSM</tt> || <tt>882</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:WS]] |- | [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ST|<tt>ST</tt>]] || <tt>STP</tt> || <tt>678</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ST]] |- | [[Senegali]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SN|<tt>SN</tt>]] || <tt>SEN</tt> || <tt>686</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SN]] |- | [[Seribiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#RS|<tt>RS</tt>]] || <tt>SRB</tt> || <tt>688</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:RS]] |- | [[Seyishele]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SC|<tt>SC</tt>]] || <tt>SYC</tt> || <tt>690</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SC]] |- | [[Shili]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CL|<tt>CL</tt>]] || <tt>CHL</tt> || <tt>152</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CL]] |- | [[Shipure]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CY|<tt>CY</tt>]] || <tt>CYP</tt> || <tt>196</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CY]] |- | [[Silovakiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SK|<tt>SK</tt>]] || <tt>SVK</tt> || <tt>703</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SK]] |- | [[Siloveniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SI|<tt>SI</tt>]] || <tt>SVN</tt> || <tt>705</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SI]] |- | [[Singapore]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SG|<tt>SG</tt>]] || <tt>SGP</tt> || <tt>702</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SG]] |- | [[Siri Lanka]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#LK|<tt>LK</tt>]] || <tt>LKA</tt> || <tt>144</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:LK]] |- | [[Siriya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SY|<tt>SY</tt>]] || <tt>SYR</tt> || <tt>760</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SY]] |- | [[Sivalibadi na Jani Mayeni]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SJ|<tt>SJ</tt>]] || <tt>SJM</tt> || <tt>744</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SJ]] |- | [[Siyera Lewone]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SL|<tt>SL</tt>]] || <tt>SLE</tt> || <tt>694</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SL]] |- | [[Somaliya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SO|<tt>SO</tt>]] || <tt>SOM</tt> || <tt>706</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SO]] |- | [[Sudani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SD|<tt>SD</tt>]] || <tt>SDN</tt> || <tt>736</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SD]] |- | [[Surinamu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SR|<tt>SR</tt>]] || <tt>SUR</tt> || <tt>740</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SR]] |- | [[Suwede]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SE|<tt>SE</tt>]] || <tt>SWE</tt> || <tt>752</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SE]] |- | [[Eswatini]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#SZ|<tt>SZ</tt>]] || <tt>SWZ</tt> || <tt>748</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:SZ]] |- | [[Tajikisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TJ|<tt>TJ</tt>]] || <tt>TJK</tt> || <tt>762</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TJ]] |- | [[Tanzaniya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TZ|<tt>TZ</tt>]] || <tt>TZA</tt> || <tt>834</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TZ]] |- | [[Tayilande]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TH|<tt>TH</tt>]] || <tt>THA</tt> || <tt>764</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TH]] |- | [[Tayiwani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TW|<tt>TW</tt>]] || <tt>TWN</tt> || <tt>158</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TW]] |- | [[Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IO|<tt>IO</tt>]] || <tt>IOT</tt> || <tt>086</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IO]] |- | [[Timoro-Lesite]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TL|<tt>TL</tt>]] || <tt>TLS</tt> || <tt>626</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TL]] |- | [[Tirinida na Tobago]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TT|<tt>TT</tt>]] || <tt>TTO</tt> || <tt>780</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TT]] |- | [[Togo]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TG|<tt>TG</tt>]] || <tt>TGO</tt> || <tt>768</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TG]] |- | [[Tokelawu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TK|<tt>TK</tt>]] || <tt>TKL</tt> || <tt>772</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TK]] |- | [[Tonga]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TO|<tt>TO</tt>]] || <tt>TON</tt> || <tt>776</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TO]] |- | [[Tunisiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TN|<tt>TN</tt>]] || <tt>TUN</tt> || <tt>788</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TN]] |- | [[Turukimenisitani]] cyangwa [[Turikimenisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TM|<tt>TM</tt>]] || <tt>TKM</tt> || <tt>795</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TM]] |- | [[Turukiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TR|<tt>TR</tt>]] || <tt>TUR</tt> || <tt>792</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TR]] |- | [[Tuvalu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#TV|<tt>TV</tt>]] || <tt>TUV</tt> || <tt>798</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:TV]] |- | [[Ububiligi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BE|<tt>BE</tt>]] || <tt>BEL</tt> || <tt>056</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BE]] |- | [[Ubudage]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#DE|<tt>DE</tt>]] || <tt>DEU</tt> || <tt>276</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:DE]] |- | [[Ubufaransa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#FR|<tt>FR</tt>]] || <tt>FRA</tt> || <tt>250</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:FR]] |- | [[Ubugande]] cyangwa '''Yuganda''' | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#UG|<tt>UG</tt>]] || <tt>UGA</tt> || <tt>800</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:UG]] |- | [[Ubugereki]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GR|<tt>GR</tt>]] || <tt>GRC</tt> || <tt>300</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GR]] |- | [[Ubuhinde]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IN|<tt>IN</tt>]] || <tt>IND</tt> || <tt>356</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IN]] |- | [[Ubuholandi]] (Nederilande) | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#NL|<tt>NL</tt>]] || <tt>NLD</tt> || <tt>528</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:NL]] |- | [[Uburundi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#BI|<tt>BI</tt>]] || <tt>BDI</tt> || <tt>108</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:BI]] |- | [[Uburusiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#RU|<tt>RU</tt>]] || <tt>RUS</tt> || <tt>643</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:RU]] |- | [[Ubushinwa]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CN|<tt>CN</tt>]] || <tt>CHN</tt> || <tt>156</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CN]] |- | [[Ubusuwisi]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#CH|<tt>CH</tt>]] || <tt>CHE</tt> || <tt>756</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:CH]] |- | [[Ubutaliyani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#IT|<tt>IT</tt>]] || <tt>ITA</tt> || <tt>380</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:IT]] |- | [[Ubuyapani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#JP|<tt>JP</tt>]] || <tt>JPN</tt> || <tt>392</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:JP]] |- | [[Ubwongereza]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#GB|<tt>GB</tt>]] || <tt>GBR</tt> || <tt>826</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:GB]] |- | [[Uzubekisitani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#UZ|<tt>UZ</tt>]] || <tt>UZB</tt> || <tt>860</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:UZ]] |- | [[Vanuwatu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VU|<tt>VU</tt>]] || <tt>VUT</tt> || <tt>548</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VU]] |- | [[Vatikani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VA|<tt>VA</tt>]] || <tt>VAT</tt> || <tt>336</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VA]] |- | [[Venezuwela]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VE|<tt>VE</tt>]] || <tt>VEN</tt> || <tt>862</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VE]] |- | [[Viyetinamu]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#VN|<tt>VN</tt>]] || <tt>VNM</tt> || <tt>704</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:VN]] |- | [[Walisi na Fatuna]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#WF|<tt>WF</tt>]] || <tt>WLF</tt> || <tt>876</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:WF]] |- | [[Yemeni]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#YE|<tt>YE</tt>]] || <tt>YEM</tt> || <tt>887</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:YE]] |- | [[Yorudani]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#JO|<tt>JO</tt>]] || <tt>JOR</tt> || <tt>400</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:JO]] |- | [[Zambiya]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ZM|<tt>ZM</tt>]] || <tt>ZMB</tt> || <tt>894</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ZM]] |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2#ZW|<tt>ZW</tt>]] || <tt>ZWE</tt> || <tt>716</tt> || [[ISO 3166-2:ZW]] |} * '''AN''' [[Antiye za Nederilande]] * '''KO''' [[Kosovo]] * '''TB''' [[Tibeti]] * '''ZR''' [[Zayire]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[sv:ISO 3166#ISO 3166-1-koder]] 11fih88tquojq5usax1gmoypox71u1o 4 2338 8873 2009-06-14T13:45:38Z Rubin16 756 Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] 0clnpin4b1nc4vfkmzne4uoaylneggd 10 2340 65452 64224 2013-03-11T10:25:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 274 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4844001]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Redirectltr.png|#REDIRECT ]]<span class="redirectText" id="softredirect">[[{{{1}}}]]</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%; padding-left:52px;">This page is a [[:w:Wikipedia:Soft redirect|soft redirect]].</span> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> </noinclude> aehfilkwikq2l18hh6g3wzbijf56529 0 2357 81563 77903 2022-01-31T11:09:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 031209-0044 Artocarpus altilis.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Urubuto rw’umugati</span>]] Ubwoko '''Ururabo rw’umugati''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Artocarpus'') ruboneka mu moko arenga 60 y’icyatsi kibisi buboneka ahantu hashyushye mu muryango wa [[Morase]] (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Moraceae''; bitanga imbuto ziribwa zifite intete nyinshi mo imbere). Biboneka muri [[Aziya y’Amajyepfo]] y’iburasirazuba no mu birwa by’inyanja ya [[Pasifika]]. Ubundi bwoko nka ''Artocarpus altilis'' ([[Urubuto rw’umugati]]), ''Artocarpus integer'' ([[Cempedak]]), ''Artocarpus heterophyllus]'' ([[Urubuto rwa Yakobo]]) n’ ''Artocarpus odoratissimus'' ([[Marang]]) nabyo ni ibinyamuryango by’urubuto rw’umugati. [[Dosiye:Artocarpus_altilis_കടപ്ലാവ്.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Urubuto rw’umugati</span>]] ==References== *[http://www.kpr.sk/botanix/rw/index.php?text=1-urubuto-rw-umugati-artocarpus-odoratissimus-marang Urubuto rw’umugati Artocarpus odoratissimus, Marang] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] cs6ef85wyfv7m9urq2hcvtpvf835cmb 0 2358 77168 64642 2021-08-08T03:26:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG 7633.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igiti cy’Ubuhinde </font>]] [[Dosiye:Pongamia Pinnata.jpg|thumb|''Pongamia pinnata'' ]] '''Igiti cy’Ubuhinde''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Millettia pinnata , Pongamia pinnata'' ), ni [[igiti]] gitakaza amababi mu gihe cy’urugaryi, kikagira uburebure buri hagati ye metero 15 kugeza kuri 25, gisa n’ibiti byo mu muryango w’amafabase (''Fabaceae''). Kigira hejuru hanini n’indabyo ntoya z’umweru, igitaka cyangwa ikigina. Gikomoka mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], ariko kigahingwa muri [[Aziya]] y’Amajyapfo y’uburasirazuba. <ref>http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=4-igiti-cy-ubuhinde-pongamia-pinnata</ref> == Amafoto == <gallery> File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7634.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7631.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. Image:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) leaves in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 6663.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. Image:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) trunk in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 6660.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. Image:DerrisPinnataFl.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. Image:DerrisPinnata.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. File:Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) in Hyderabad W IMG 7115.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. File:Pongamia pinnata (Karanj) near Hyderabad W IMG_7629.jpg|''Pongamia Pinnata'', [[Ubuhinde]]. </gallery> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] lqfz5mo87a7sgjimyp20ahl1cm5l2cl 14 2359 64643 60318 2013-03-07T18:10:52Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457109]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Eukaryotes]] [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] s8ig7g5unn8vxmt6l169bhbumlf2ueq 0 2372 78981 77829 2021-08-30T09:42:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationItaly.png|right|200px]] [[Dosiye:Pigazzano_paese.JPG|thumb|umujyi wa Pigazzano]] '''Pigazzano''' ni umujyi w'u [[Ubutariyani]], [[Uburayi]]. [[Dosiye:Estación Central, Berlín, Alemania, 2016-04-21, DD 43-45 HDR.JPG|center|thumb|320x320px|europe city night]] [[Dosiye:Reloj Mundial, Berlín, Alemania, 2016-04-22, DD 46-48 HDR.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|umujyi]] [[Category:Ubutariyani]] 219qzkznimsp0g0k8xqoyv0pqjshbw7 12 2376 49544 49543 2012-03-31T23:29:21Z Mathonius 2140 this can't be right wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[af:Wikipedia:Hulp]] [[als:Wikipedia:Hilfe]] [[am:እርዳታ:ይዞታ]] [[ang:Help:Innoþ]] [[ar:مساعدة:محتويات]] [[an:Wikipedia:Aduya]] [[ast:Aida:Conteníos]] [[gn:Pytyvõ:Pytyvõhára]] [[ay:Ayuda:Contents]] [[az:Kömək:Mündəricat]] [[bn:সাহায্য:সূচী]] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Bo̍k-lio̍k]] [[map-bms:Wikipedia:Bantuan]] [[ba:Wikipedia:Белешмә]] [[be:Даведка:Змест]] [[be-x-old:Дапамога:Зьмест]] [[bs:Pomoć:Sadržaj]] [[br:Skoazell:Skoazell]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Първи стъпки]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Ajuda]] [[cs:Nápověda:Obsah]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Cymorth]] [[da:Hjælp:Forside]] [[de:Wikipedia:Hilfe]] [[nv:Anáʼálwoʼ:Bee hadítʼéhígíí]] [[dsb:Pomoc:Pomoc]] [[et:Juhend:Sisukord]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Βοήθεια]] [[es:Ayuda:Contenidos]] [[eo:Helpo:Enhavo]] [[eu:Laguntza:Edukiak]] [[fa:راهنما:فهرست]] [[fo:Hjálp:Innihald]] [[fr:Aide:Sommaire]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Help]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Cabhair]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Axuda]] [[ko:위키백과:도움말]] [[hy:Օգնություն:Գլխացանկ]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:सहायता]] [[hsb:Wikipedija:Pomoc]] [[hr:Pomoć:Sadržaj]] [[io:Helpo:Helpo]] [[ilo:Help:Dagiti Linaon]] [[id:Bantuan:Isi]] [[ia:Adjuta:Contento]] [[os:Википеди:Æххуыс]] [[is:Hjálp:Efnisyfirlit]] [[it:Aiuto:Aiuto]] [[he:עזרה:תפריט ראשי]] [[kn:ಸಹಾಯ:ಪರಿವಿಡಿ]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:დახმარება]] [[kk:Анықтама:Мазмұны]] [[kw:Wikipedia:Gweres]] [[ky:Help:Contents]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Msaada wa kuanzisha makala]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Alîkarî]] [[lad:Ayudo:Contents]] [[lo:ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ:ເນື້ອໃນ]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Praefatio]] [[lv:Palīdzība:Īsa lietošanas pamācība]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Hëllef]] [[lt:Pagalba:Turinys]] [[li:Wikipedia:Gebroekersportaol]] [[ln:Bosálisi:Contents]] [[lmo:Wikipedia:Jütt]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Segítség]] [[mk:Помош:Содржина]] [[ml:സഹായം:ഉള്ളടക്കം]] [[mt:Għajnuna:Kontenut]] [[mi:Whakamārama:Kuputohu]] [[mr:विकिपीडिया:सहाय्य पृष्ठ]] [[arz:مساعدة:محتويات]] [[ms:Bantuan:Kandungan]] [[my:Help:Contents]] [[nl:Portaal:Hulp en beheer]] [[nds-nl:Hulpe:Wikipedie]] [[ne:Help:सहायता विषयसूचि]] [[new:ग्वाहालि:धलःपौ]] [[ja:Help:目次]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Ajùto]] [[no:Hjelp:Portal]] [[nn:Hjelp:Innhald]] [[oc:Ajuda:Somari]] [[uz:Vikipediya:Yordam]] [[pa:ਮਦਦ:ਵਿਸ਼ਾ-ਵਸਤੂ]] [[km:ជំនួយ:មាតិកា]] [[pms:Agiut:Agiut]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Hülp]] [[pl:Pomoc:Spis treści]] [[pt:Ajuda:Página principal]] [[ksh:Wikipedia:Hilfe]] [[ro:Ajutor:Cuprins]] [[rm:Agid:Cuntegn]] [[qu:Wikipidiya:Yanapana]] [[ru:Википедия:Справка]] [[se:Help:Contents]] [[sa:उपकारः:सहाय्य]] [[sco:Help:Contents]] [[stq:Hälpe:Hälpe]] [[sq:Ndihmë:Përmbajtja]] [[scn:Aiutu:Cuntinuti]] [[simple:Help:Contents]] [[sk:Pomoc:Obsah]] [[sl:Pomoč:Vsebina]] [[szl:Pomoc:Půmoc]] [[ckb:یارمەتی:ناوەڕۆک]] [[sr:Помоћ:Садржај]] [[sh:Help:Contents]] [[su:Wikipedia:Pitulung]] [[fi:Ohje:Sisällys]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hjälp]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Tulong]] [[ta:விக்கிப்பீடியா:உதவி]] [[tt:Ярдәм:Eçtälek]] [[te:సహాయం:సూచిక]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ความช่วยเหลือ]] [[to:Help:Contents]] [[tr:Yardım:İçindekiler]] [[tw:Help:Contents]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Довідка]] [[ur:معاونت:فہرست]] [[ug:ياردەم:Contents]] [[vi:Trợ giúp:Mục lục]] [[fiu-vro:Oppus:Abi]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Aidance]] [[zh-classical:Help:凡例]] [[vls:Ulpe:Wikipedia]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:הילף אינהאַלט]] [[zh-yue:Help:目錄]] [[diq:Help:Contents]] [[zh:Help:目录]] ktnpx3cedytyo3e1gsafv0er3c1tqgd 10 2413 22684 9705 2011-01-26T23:48:38Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sister | position = {{{position|}}} | project = commons | text = [[Wikimedia Commons]] has media related to: '''''[[Commons:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]''''' }}<noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> [[Category:Template]] gey6tepm1opxb9ytrwwv24gyhatih8e 10 2414 22685 9706 2011-01-26T23:49:04Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{high-risk| 170,000+ }} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template is part of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects|sister projects]]. 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The default positioning of the link-box is to the right-side. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Interwiki link templates|Commons]] [[Category:Wikimedia Commons templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Template]] [[af:Sjabloon:Commons]] [[als:Vorlage:Commons]] [[ar:قالب:كومنز]] [[ast:Plantilla:Commons]] [[az:Şablon:Commons]] [[zh-min-nan:Template:Commons]] [[be:Шаблон:Commons]] [[be-x-old:Шаблён:Commons]] [[bar:Vorlage:Commons]] [[bs:Šablon:Commons]] [[bg:Шаблон:Общомедия]] [[ca:Template:Commons]] [[cs:Šablona:Commons]] [[cy:Nodyn:Comin]] [[da:Skabelon:Commons]] [[de:Vorlage:Commons]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Commons]] [[es:Plantilla:Commons2]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Commons]] [[et:Mall:Commons]] [[eu:Txantiloi:Commons]] [[fa:الگو:انبار]] [[fr:Modèle:Commons]] [[fy:Berjocht:Commons]] [[ga:Teimpléad:Cómhaoin]] [[gl:Template:Commons]] [[ko:틀:Commons]] [[hsb:Předłoha:Commons]] [[hr:Predložak:Commons]] [[io:Template:Commons]] [[ilo:Template:Commons]] [[id:Templat:Commons]] [[ia:Patrono:Commons]] [[iu:Template:Commons]] [[ik:Template:Commons]] [[is:Snið:Commons]] [[it:Template:Commons]] [[he:תבנית:Commons]] [[kn:ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Commons]] [[ku:Şablon:Commons]] [[la:Formula:Communia2]] [[lv:Veidne:Commons]] [[lb:Template:Commons]] [[lt:Šablonas:Commons]] [[li:Sjabloon:Commons]] [[hu:Sablon:Commons]] [[mk:Шаблон:Commons]] [[ms:Templat:Commons]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Commons]] [[ja:Template:Commons]] [[ka:თარგი:Commons]] [[ml:ഫലകം:Commons]] [[no:Mal:Commons]] [[nn:Mal:Commons]] [[oc:Modèl:Commons]] [[nds:Vörlaag:Commons]] [[pa:ਨਮੂਨਾ:ਕਾਮਨਜ਼]] [[pl:Szablon:Commons]] [[pt:Predefinição:Commons]] [[ro:Format:Commons]] [[ru:Шаблон:Commons]] [[sq:Stampa:Commons]] [[scn:Template:Commons]] [[simple:Template:Commons]] [[sk:Šablóna:Commons]] [[sl:Predloga:Zbirka]] [[sr:Шаблон:Commons]] [[sh:Template:Commons]] [[fi:Malline:Commons]] [[su:Citakan:Commons]] [[sv:Mall:Commons]] [[tl:Template:Commons]] [[tt:Ürnäk:Commons]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Commons]] [[tr:Şablon:Commons]] [[wa:Modele:Commons]] [[uk:Шаблон:Commons]] [[ur:سانچہ:Commons]] [[zh-yue:Template:同享]] [[zh:Template:Commons]] </includeonly> 3hagbzbsgovib3vkc07ec06ob1u9zip 10 2415 22694 9707 2011-01-26T23:52:45Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{side box |position = {{{position|}}} |image = <!-- -->{{#switch:{{{image|}}} |none= |=[[Image:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{project|}}}}} |commons = Commons-logo.svg |meta|metawiki|m = Wikimedia Community Logo.svg |wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg |wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Wikiquote-logo-en.svg |wikipedia|wp|w = Wikipedia-logo-en.png |wikisource|source|ws|s = Wikisource-logo.svg |wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = Wiktionary-logo-en.svg |wikinews|news|wnw|n = Wikinews-logo.svg |wikispecies|species = Wikispecies-logo.svg |wikiversity|wvy|v = Wikiversity-logo.svg |mediawiki|mw = Mediawiki.png |#default = Wikimedia-logo.svg }}|40px|link={{#switch:{{lc:{{{project}}}}} |commons = commons |meta|metawiki|m = meta |wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = b |wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = q |wikipedia|wp|w = w |wikisource|source|ws|s = s |wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = wikt |wikinews|news|wnw|n = n |wikispecies|species = species |wikiversity|wvy|v = v |mediawiki|mw = mw |#default = }}:{{{1|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Search {{#switch:{{lc:{{{project}}}}} |commons = Wikimedia Commons |meta|metawiki|m = Meta |wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = Wikibooks |wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Wikiquote |wikipedia|wp|w = Wikipedia |wikisource|source|ws|s = Wikisource |wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = Wiktionary |wikinews|news|wnw|n = Wikinews |wikispecies|species = Wikispecies |wikiversity|wvy|v = Wikiversity |mediawiki|mw = MediaWiki |#default = sister project }}]] |{{{image}}} }}<!-- --> |text = {{{text}}} |below = {{{below|}}} |imageright = {{{imageright|}}} }}<noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> [[Category:Template]] huabk4opnyjhh1g2j4lmtqf8b3ovzj5 10 2416 68283 9708 2013-08-17T22:30:34Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8213590]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-risk| 210,000+ }} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is a meta-template used for creating interwiki links to other [[WP:sister projects|sister projects]] of wikipedia. 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Further, this usage should be avoided in article space, as it would lead to inconsistency, and reduce the usefulness of these templates. === See also === *{{tlx|side box}} <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Interwiki link templates| ]] [[Category:Exclude in print|{{PAGENAME}}]] </includeonly> jn9e0bdegxq09gl2hz0i860k6ptrgfe 10 2417 22692 9709 2011-01-26T23:51:54Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{position|}}}}}|left|-left}}" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; {{{style|}}}"> <tr> {{#switch:{{{image|}}} |<!--BLANK-->|none={{td}} |#default=<td class="mbox-image">{{{image}}}</td> }} <td class="mbox-text" style="{{{textstyle|}}}"> {{{text}}} </td> {{#if:{{{imageright|}}} | <td class="mbox-imageright">{{{imageright}}}</td> }} </tr> {{#if:{{{below|}}} | <tr><td colspan={{#if:{{{imageright|}}}|3|2}} class="mbox-text" style="{{{textstyle|}}}"> {{{below}}} </td></tr> }} </table><noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> [[Category:Template]] 0oljr2u5fpxmtmzuk1cjyuk3bkwsqji 10 2418 83833 68284 2022-05-19T00:41:41Z BevoLJ 10818 - count wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-risk}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template is a meta-template that can be used to create nicely-styled floating content boxes. === Usage === *{{para|text}} &ndash; the text to display in the box *{{para|image}} &ndash; a full image tag (or other content) *{{para|imageright}} &ndash; a full image tag (or other content) to display in a separate table cell on the right of the box *{{para|position}} &ndash; if set to <code>left</code>, floats the box on the left side of the page rather than the right *{{para|style}} &ndash; styles to apply to the box *{{para|textstyle}} &ndash; styles to apply to the text cells only *{{para|below}} &ndash; content to appear in a separate row underneath the main cell (and spanning the entire width of the box) === See also === *{{tlx|mbox}} <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Side box]] [[Category:Template]] [[be-x-old:Шаблён:БакавыБлёк]] </includeonly> mlrwiahrutyjwz14c1uv4kzxuy1hums 0 2423 73064 73063 2020-08-13T17:36:01Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg|right|100px]] [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Silovakiya</font>]] [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Silovakiya</font>]] '''Silovakiya''' (izina mu [[gisilovaki]] : ''Slovensko'' cyangwa ''Slovenská republika'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Bratislava,_Hrad,_Slovensko.jpg|thumb|Bratislava, Hrad, Slovensko]] [[File:Grasalkovicov_palac_bratislava_Slovakia.jpg|thumb|Grasalkovicov palac bratislava Slovakia]] [[File:Oščadnica,_Slovakia_-_chapel.JPG|thumb|Oščadnica, Slovakia - chapel]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Silovakiya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4wcjrrnn2pd5acy2vkvrxorc1chlurz 0 2424 9849 2010-01-17T17:53:32Z Kprwiki 902 moved [[Espanye]] to [[Esipanye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Esipanye]] k4pbrqsjc5f0s3ualmx8zlv4o3sztpx 0 2425 78006 74033 2021-08-20T01:52:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubugereki</span>]] [[File:Location Greece EU Europe.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubugereki</span>]] '''Ubugereki''' cyangwa '''Ubugiriki''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: ''Ελλάδα'' cyangwa ''Ελληνική Δημοκρατία'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. Ubugereki ituwe n'abantu 10 955 000 birenga (2015). [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubugereki witwa [[Athina]]. [[Dosiye:Athen BW 2017-10-09 14-25-08.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|athina]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mik72lv53fxdcxat2kkhobhd7b72cvj 0 2426 9856 2010-01-17T17:58:24Z Kprwiki 902 moved [[U Bubiligi]] to [[Ububiligi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ububiligi]] e804fgkhyxxrskn8xrilvdiuaruhj25 0 2427 9859 2010-01-17T17:58:50Z Kprwiki 902 moved [[U Buholandi]] to [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] l32ei7qco6ylzffafmr0cd7u9016wfc 0 2429 73066 73065 2020-08-13T17:44:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg|right|120px]] [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Siloveniya</font>]] [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Siloveniya</font>]] '''Siloveniya''' (izina mu [[kinyasiloveniya]] : ''Slovenija'' cyangwa ''Republika Slovenija'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Medlog_Slovenia.jpg|thumb|Medlog Slovenia]] [[File:Staircase_of_the_National_Museum_of_Slovenia.jpg|thumb|Staircase of the National Museum of Slovenia]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Siloveniya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] c9pvevl2alvibi644q5pev1iv2yi5lr 0 2430 81658 73832 2022-01-31T11:23:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Cekiya</span>]] [[File:EU-Czechia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Cekiya</span>]] '''Cekiya''' (izina mu [[giceke]]: ''Česko'' cyangwa ''Česká republika'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 10,610,947 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 78,866. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Cekiya witwa [[Praha]]. [[File:Czech-2013-Prague-Vyšehrad-Tomb_of_Břetislav_Benda.jpg|thumb|Czech-2013-Prague-Vyšehrad-Tomb of Břetislav Benda]] [[File:Myslivny_bozi_dar_lake.jpg|thumb|Myslivny bozi dar lake]] [[File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic_(Presidential_version).svg|thumb|Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic (Presidential version)]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Cekiya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] j692g8ovc7khovkveacb76iyi1qvak1 0 2431 81624 78974 2022-01-31T11:18:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bulugariya</span>]] [[File:EU-Bulgaria.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bulugariya</span>]] '''Buligariya''' cyangwa '''Bulugariya''' (izina mu [[kibulugariya]]: ''България'' cyangwa ''Република България'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Buligariya witwa [[Sofiya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 7,101,859 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 110,994. [[File:20100213_Zlatograd_Bulgaria_3.jpg|thumb|20100213 Zlatograd Bulgaria 3]] [[Dosiye:Party House by night, Sofia (by Pudelek, cropped by ArionEstar).JPG|center|thumb|420x420px|Night Sofia]] [[Dosiye:AlexanderNevskyCathedral-Sofia-6.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|AlexanderNevskyCathedral-Sofia]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Bulugariya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nmrabmj10pibvlohtdbsq5n9249mv4p 0 2432 81740 73819 2022-01-31T11:36:40Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EU-Finland.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Finilande</span>]] [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|thumb|150px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Finilande</span>]] [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|thumb|]] [[File:Koli National Park in Northern Karelia.jpg|thumb|Pielinen]] '''Finilande''' (izina mu [[gifinilande]]: ''Suomi''; izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Finland'') n’igihugu cy'amajyaruguru muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Finilande witwa [[Helsinki]]. [[File:Makasiinit_tulessa.jpg|thumb|Makasiinit tulessa]] {{Commons|Category:Finland}} {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Finilande| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] avu2min65m9825vken3a8swxlps15v7 0 2433 81728 81314 2022-01-31T11:34:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Esitoniya</span>]] [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|thumb]] [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Esitoniya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Drone video of Estonia 2021.webm|thumb|Esitoniya 2021]] '''Esitoniya''' (izina mu [[cyesitoniya]] na [[kivoro]]: ''Eesti'' cyangwa ''Eesti Vabariik'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. Esitoniya ituwe n'abantu 1.318.705 birenga (2018). [[Umurwa]] mukuru w'Esitoniya witwa [[Tallinn]]. [[File:Jänese_raudteesild.JPG|thumb|Jänese raudteesild]] [[File:Viru_Bog,_Parque_Nacional_Lahemaa,_Estonia,_2012-08-12,_DD_60.JPG|thumb|Viru Bog, Parque Nacional Lahemaa, Estonia, 2012-08-12, DD 60]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Esitoniya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 7345ps9c43e85csnr591ycd4w2dsg6z 0 2434 79102 71315 2021-08-31T07:46:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EU-Denmark.svg|thumb|Danimarike]] [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|right|thumb|150px|Danimarike]] '''Danimarike''' n’igihugu muri [[Uburayi]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 5,748,769 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 42,931. [[Dosiye:Flag of Europe.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|uburayi]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Danimarike| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cibv0af8fv7satm456tw0q7c8g9r44u 14 2435 64653 63512 2013-03-07T18:13:45Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 199 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4026570]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 7xhd8c6u7k4kk2xidcydinaw8wxfx1x 0 2436 77186 77185 2021-08-09T03:26:33Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beit-Oren תערוכת צילומים – בית אורן שלי (13).JPG|thumb|Ikimera]] [[Dosiye:Hortensia-1.jpg|thumb|ikimera gifite amababi]] [[Dosiye:Bigleaf Hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla 'Tokyo Delight' Pink 3008px.jpg|thumb|ikimera gifite indabo]] '''Ikimera''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Plantae'') ni ikimera kizima, igice cyacyo, umurama cyangwa igice gituma cyororoka, == Mu Rwanda == U [[Rwanda]] rucumbikiye ibimera by’amoko menshi anyuranye kubera urusobe rw’imiterere y’igihugu n’urw’ikirere ruhanitse kuva mu burengerazuba kugera mu burasirazuba. Ibimera bito bizamura amazi mu miheha yabyo (plantes vasculaires) bibarirwa hafi mu moko 3000 aturuka mu turere dutandukanye bitewe n’imiterere nyabuzima y’ahantu. Amoko hafi 280 y’ibimera bigira uburabyo bituruka mu Rwanda abonwa nk’akomoka muri Albertine Rift. Muri ayo moko cyimeza, hafi 20 yihariwe n’u Rwanda, amoko 50 aboneka gusa mu Rwanda no muri Kongo y’Uburasirazuba ,naho amoko 20 yabonetse gusa mu Rwanda no mu Burundi. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera| ]] 1rgln41wvyxa19dzft83pifrrm7zbux 10 2460 67883 64376 2013-04-14T23:02:27Z Addbot 3734 Replaced content with "|<noinclude> </noinclude> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> [[kg:Template:!-]] </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki |<noinclude> </noinclude> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> [[kg:Template:!-]] </noinclude> 6qd1ac51po1sc7lc7uy0pp898a44lva 0 2489 79512 79510 2021-10-15T14:15:17Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Perezida w'u Rwanda[[Dosiye:Grégoire Kayibanda (cropped).jpg|thumb]] |- | colspan="3" |1961-1973 |- !Ababanjirije | colspan="2" |[[Dominique Mbonyumutwa]] |- !Uzasimbura | colspan="2" |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Nka maypole 1 nka 1924 Musambira (Rwanda) |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |Nko ku ya 15 Ukuboza nka 1976 (52 ans) Kabgayi |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Indwara |- !Ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Gatolika |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |politiki |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |[[Parmehutu]] |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yinshinjabyaha |- !Ikirego cy'inshinjabyaha | colspan="2" |gukoresha nabi ububasha |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557995 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} [[Dosiye:Gaspard Cyimana, Gregoire Kayibanda, Soapy Williams, and John Kennedy.jpg|thumb]] '''Gregoire Kayibanda''' ([[1 Gicurasi ]] [[1924]] – [[15 Ukuboza]] [[1976]]), wafashe ubutegetsi ku itariki ya [[26 Ukwakira]] [[1961]] ni [[Perezida]] wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda|2]] Ukwakira 1961 &ndash; 5 Nyakanga 1973) w’u [[Rwanda]] kuva rwabona ubwigenge yakuwe mu butegetsi kugeza akuwe ku butegetsi Kuri [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. == Imyaka yo hambere hamwe n'uburere == Grégoire Kayibanda yavukiye i Tara, mu Rwanda. Yaturutse mu majyepfo y’igihugu kandi akomoka mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. == guverinoma == Abenshi mu bahutu bari bamaze igihe kinini banga ubutegetsi buri mu maboko ya rubanda rugufi. Abunganira Abahutu bashishikarijwe na Kiliziya Gatolika , hamwe n'Ababiligi b'Ababirigi (barushagaho kugira uruhare muri Kongo). Inshingano z'umuryango w’abibumbye, itsinda ry’abatutsi n’abatuye mu Bubiligi zagize uruhare mu mvururu ziyongera mu mibereho no muri politiki. Gregoire Kayibanda, Umuhutu wo mu bwoko, yayoboye umutwe w'Abahutu. Yashinze ishyaka rya politiki rya Parmehutu ( ''Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu'' ; Ishyaka rya ''Emancipation'' Movement Party), yandika "Manifeste y'Abahutu" mu 1957. Itsinda ryahise riba igisirikare. Mu gusubiza, mu 1959 yashinze ishyaka ry’abatutsi UNAR, rigizwe n’abashakaga ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda n’Uburundi bushingiye ku bwami buriho. Iri tsinda naryo ryahise rihinduka igisirikare. Intonganya zatangiye hagati ya UNAR na Parmehutu. Kwiyamamaza kwa Kayibanda kwagejeje ku bahutu ku butegetsi bwa mbere mu Rwanda. Kayibanda yari Perezida w'u Rwanda kuva 1962 kugeza ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973, ubwo yahirikwaga na Minisitiri w’ingabo, Jenerali Juvénal Habyarimana mu butegetsi bwa gisirikare. N'ubwo bivugwa ko nta maraso afite, biturutse ku guhirika ubutegetsi, bivugwa ko abantu 55, cyane cyane abakozi ba Leta, abanyamategeko cyangwa abacuruzi bafitanye isano n'ubutegetsi bwabanje, bishwe. Imiryango yabantu yakiriye amafaranga yo kwishyura guceceka kwabo. Guverinoma nshya yafunze Kayibanda n'umugore we ahantu hihishe (bivugwa ko ari inzu hafi ya Kabgayi), aho bivugwa ko bishwe n'inzara. [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] fcd1qjww9l9poji6bnkdv55jr7vkv8g 0 2496 74032 68332 2020-12-05T02:43:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:P46.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikigereki</span>]] '''Ikigereki''' cyangwa '''Ikigiriki''' (izina mu kigereki : ''ελληνική γλώσσα'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Ubugereki]] na [[Shipure]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ell''' (indimi: grc, pnt,...). == Alfabeti y’kigereki == Igifero kigizwe n’inyuguti 24 : α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ (ς) τ υ φ χ ψ ω :inyajwi 7 : α ε η ι ο υ ω :indagi 17 : β γ δ ζ θ κ λ μ ν ξ π ρ σ (ς) τ φ χ ψ <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[Α]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Β]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Γ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Δ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ε]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ζ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Η]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Θ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ι]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Κ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Λ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Μ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ν]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ξ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ο]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Π]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ρ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Σ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Τ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Υ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Φ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Χ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ψ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ω]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|α||align="center"|β||align="center"|γ||align="center"|δ||align="center"|ε||align="center"|ζ||align="center"|η||align="center"|θ||align="center"|ι||align="center"|κ||align="center"|λ||align="center"|μ||align="center"|ν||align="center"|ξ||align="center"|ο||align="center"|π||align="center"|ρ||align="center"|σ/ς||align="center"|τ||align="center"|υ||align="center"|φ||align="center"|χ||align="center"|ψ||align="center"|ω |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu kigereki == * '''Χαίρεται''' – Muraho * '''Πώς είστε;''' – Amakuru? * '''Πολύ καλά''' – Ni meza * '''Ναι''' – Yego * '''Όχι''' – Oya * '''Με λένε ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''άνθρωπος''' – umuntu * '''άνδρας''' – umugabo * '''γυναίκα''' – umugore * '''ζώο''' – inyamaswa * '''φυτό''' cyangwa '''φυτεύω''' – ikimera * '''σκύλος''' – imbwa * '''πουλί''' – inyoni * '''ψάρι''' – ifi * '''γάτα''' – ipusi * '''φίδι''' – inzoka * '''άλογο''' – ifarashi * '''κότα''' – inkoko * '''δέντρο''' – igiti * '''καρπός''' – imbuto == Imibare == * '''ἒνα''' cyangwa '''ένα''' – rimwe * '''δύο''' – kabiri * '''τρία''' – gatatu * '''τέσσερα''' – kane * '''πέντε''' – gatanu * '''ἓξι''' cyangwa '''έξι''' – gatandatu * '''ἑπτά''' cyangwa '''εφτά''' – karindwi * '''ὀκτώ''' cyangwa '''οχτώ''' – umunani * '''ἐννέα''' cyangwa '''εννιά''' – icyenda * '''δέκα''' – icyumi xpmendes@hotmail.com 1rptqfeo6x6vu3qjb455a141pv16dqh 0 2497 10442 2010-05-03T01:30:37Z Ionius Mundus~rwwiki 69 moved [[Uburayi]] to [[Burayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burayi]] 1ludo7ehiwfq58vknvee29p6j23nspm 14 2534 64658 62527 2013-03-07T18:30:35Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 136 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456631]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 2535 81455 76515 2022-01-31T10:52:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aepyceros melampus.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">impara</span>]] [[File:Botswana Nxai Pan NP Impala Male.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">impara</span>]] '''Impara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Aepyceros melampus'') [[Dosiye:Impala-drinking.jpg|thumb|Impala ari kunywa amazi]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] 17wl9mnfav494u9l499n910c3lfzkhs 0 2536 10760 10759 2010-07-01T15:39:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Impara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Impara]] 4kyn1cv6grz1qynffd3v516y3hlened 0 2537 81557 78721 2022-01-31T11:08:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cameroon Clawless Otter area.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igihura</span>]] '''Igihura''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Aonyx capensis congicus'') [[Dosiye:Aonyx_Congicus.jpg|thumb|Igihura]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] f0ifdg7jne4hd6uuxk5q4mlml824d0e 0 2538 10764 10763 2010-07-01T15:43:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihura]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihura]] ps0a2lqmnfgnchhw0pcet6rik1ibaet 0 2539 81573 65461 2022-01-31T11:10:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Porcupine bushmeat in Cameroon.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">igishegeshi</span>]] '''Igishegeshi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Atherurus africanus'') [[Category:Inyamabere]] ju5gm40ffyp7y3gd8bjn5qi3wr5ecew 0 2540 10766 2010-07-01T15:46:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igishegeshi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igishegeshi]] 3lz9tj3l0qh89s2yv1sd50ipov8loqe 0 2541 81646 78989 2022-01-31T11:22:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Side-striped Jackal.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">nyiramuhari</span>]] '''Nyiramuhari''', '''Imbwebwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Canis adustus'') [[Dosiye:Side-striped jackal (Canis adustus) - Murchison Falls National Park.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Imbwebwe]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] bv97qo20clrn5xdytjoiwomyyc44dvt 0 2542 10770 2010-07-01T15:53:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nyiramuhari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyiramuhari]] a7ggxgpy1e6ezftnsqg327q6tctpmgf 0 2543 10771 2010-07-01T15:54:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nyiramuhari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyiramuhari]] a7ggxgpy1e6ezftnsqg327q6tctpmgf 0 2544 82257 76292 2022-03-12T12:07:33Z 115.178.196.180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male Lion on Rock.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">intare ♂</font>]]'''Intare''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Panthera leo'') ni [[inyamaswa]] ikaze. [[Category:Inyamabere]] 435ysjvxu3pf19irzq34p4kyx7icl9o 0 2545 10773 2010-07-01T16:00:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intare]] grhc53ad1g2rkou7rv04oopk9gwow35 0 2548 76521 70544 2021-07-27T11:39:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Patas Monkey Jr.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">inguge (''Erythrocebus patas'')</font>]] [[File:Mandril.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">inguge (''Mandrillus sphinx'')</font>]] '''Inguge''' Dore amwe mu moko y’inguge ziri muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]]: [[icyondi]] (''Cercopithecus lhoesti''), [[igihinyage]], [[inkomo]] (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzori''), [[inkima]] (''Cercopithecus mitis doggetti & kandti'' ), [[inyenzi]], [[impundu]] (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii''). [[Dosiye:20160802_-_Rhesus_macaque_-_Mount_Popa,_Myanmar_-_7178.jpg|thumb|Inguge]] == Amoko == * ''Cercopithecus aethiops '' ([[inkendi]]) * ''Cercopithecus albigena johnostonii'' ([[igishabaga]]) * ''Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti'' ([[umukunga]]) * ''Cercopithecus hamlyni'' ([[igihinyage]]) * ''Cercopithecus lhoesti'' ([[icyondi]]) * ''Cercopithecus mitis doggetti'' & ''kandti'' ([[inkima]]) * ''Colobus angolensis adolfi-friederici'' ([[inkomo]]) * ''Gorilla gorilla beringei'' ([[ingagi]]) * ''Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii'' ([[impundu]]) * ''Papio anubis'' ([[inkoto]]) [[Category:Inyamabere]] krnxz91n8ocfwphc1b576y7gcql1m2e 0 2549 76737 74074 2021-07-31T21:44:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mulemba.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">umuvumu</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ficus_thonningii,_stam,_Waterberg.jpg|thumb|Imizi y'igiti cyumuvumu]] '''Umuvumu''' cyangwa '''Igitoma''' , '''Gasuru''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus thonningii'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 4wtqmmem6nl3vbw6yiy14xjzj1rgdl6 0 2550 10779 2010-07-01T16:32:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuvumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuvumu]] 09wzw4oku720lz362z55vg3hiw2ke3v 14 2551 67159 64200 2013-03-14T05:45:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7145412]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 14 2552 67751 67712 2013-04-13T09:15:08Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 179 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7157802]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] mqanx0u9zpvsp7lrrlyax7wmeh3j8mi 14 2553 13361 12490 2010-12-25T10:55:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Amafi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Amafi]] ryazruj6kwax4ts8ej9qbidqtwbxlvm 14 2554 65670 64666 2013-03-11T10:44:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456850]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Aves}} [[Category:Inyamaswa]] mb9pn3smz0z94cipf93z90nokm23cl9 0 2555 76125 76124 2021-07-18T20:17:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Female pair.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Isake n’inkokokazi</span>]] '''Inkoko''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Gallus gallus domesticus'') ni [[itungo]]. '''Isake''' (ubuke: '''Amasake''') = inkoko y’igitsina gabo. '''Inkoko z’amagi''' '''Inyama y’inkoko''' == Mu Rwanda == '''[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]''' bugamije kongera inyama n’amagi. Kubera indwara y’ibicurane by’ibiguruka, ituragiro rya Rubirizi, ari naryo ritanga icyororo cy’inkoko mu [[Rwanda]] ryafunzwe kuva muri 2006 kugeza mu mpera za 2007. Mu ntangiro za 2008 niho iryo turagiro rya Rubirizi ryongeye gufungura no kuzana imishwi iturutse mu mahanga, yo korora no kuvanaho icyororo cy’inkoko z’amagi n’inyama. Uyu mwaka wagiye kurangira aborozi b’inkoko bamaze kugezwaho imishwi 46,048 y’ubwoko bw’inkoko zitera amagi n’izitanga inyama. N’ubwo ituragiro ryari rifunze, aborozi b’inkoko bakomeje gutumiza imishwi hanze y’igihugu ([[Uganda]], [[Kenya]]) ku buryo muri 2008 hatumijwe imishwi 329,000 n’[[amagi]] 1,200,000. Umusaruro ukaba utangiye kongera kugaragara ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.<ref>http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/ReportGirinkaApril2009.pdf </ref> [[Dosiye:Chickens_and_Rooster_in_Eggi.jpg|thumb|Chickens and Rooster in Eggi]] [[Dosiye:Gallo_giallo.JPG|thumb|Gallo giallo]] == [[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda|Imigani migufi]] == *Nta nkokokazi ibika isake ihari. == == *[[Amagi]] *[[Indwara z’inkoko]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Inyoni]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] pshiolwjzvtpazs7zedjewkpm5hvgcf 0 2556 78718 64668 2021-08-26T07:35:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chameleon - Tanzania - Usambara Mountains.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">''Kinyongia multituberculata''</font>]] [[Dosiye:BennyTrapp_Chamaeleo_chamaeleon_Samos_Griechenland.jpg|thumb|Uruwumvu]] '''Uruwumvu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Chamaeleo'') [[Category:Ibikururanda]] 6s4stsudzx4iutx6ng0zvp73mm980ms 0 2557 76531 65671 2021-07-27T13:20:15Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Common eland mara.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">itamu (''Taurotragus oryx'')</font>]] '''Itamu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Taurotragus oryx, Tragelaphus oryx'' ) [[Dosiye:Taurotragus_oryx_qtl2.jpg|thumb|Itamu (Taurotragus)]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] bigb14hb0bb2mw2i73h851rtpat9wx6 0 2558 10802 2010-07-02T11:13:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itamu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itamu]] t0nbhdjv7ggik5qolq03voery9mgyy7 0 2559 10803 2010-07-02T11:14:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itamu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itamu]] t0nbhdjv7ggik5qolq03voery9mgyy7 0 2560 76516 65598 2021-07-27T11:26:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tragelaphus scriptus (male).jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="grey">impongo ♀ gore (''Tragelaphus scriptus'')</font>]] '''Impongo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Tragelaphus scriptus'') [[Dosiye:Bushbuck_(Tragelaphus_scriptus)_male_(33144828435).jpg|thumb|Impongo]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] pg3n4n5a3kekzx3nhygoz4rs3s7yyq3 0 2561 10805 2010-07-02T11:22:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Impongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Impongo]] nhjqb4q6ty2nwcozns2csnaeeh729zh 0 2562 76529 65599 2021-07-27T13:13:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sitatunga, Zoo, Budapest.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">inzobe ♂(''Tragelaphus spekii'')</font>]] [[File:Sitatunga crop.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">inzobe ♀(''Tragelaphus spekii'')</font>]] '''Inzobe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Tragelaphus spekei'') [[Dosiye:Sitatunga_at_Oji_Zoo.JPG|thumb|Inzobe]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] dron50uvujqbfk2dbtictoem1h740ha 0 2563 77314 76363 2021-08-09T20:18:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rinder.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Inka</span>]] [[File:CH cow 2.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Inka</span>]] [[Dosiye:Veau Inyambo.jpg|thumb|inyambo]] '''Inka''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Bos primigenius taurus'' ♀) ni [[itungo]]. '''Inyana''' (izina mu [[Cyongereza]] ''calf'') == Mu Rwanda == ''Kubungabunga ubwoko bw’inka z’inyambo'': Nk’uko bigaragara gahunda z’ubworozi zose zigamije kongera umusaruro (''intensification'') hakoreshejwe amoko y’amatungo atanga umusaruro mwinshi ku butaka buto. Ibi birasaba kubangurira ku bwinshi inka z’inyarwanda hafi ya zose ku bwoko bw’amata (''Friesian, Jersey'') muri gahunda yo kongera umukamo. Inka y’inyarwanda izwi kuba igira umukamo muto, ariko nanone izwiho kugira inyama nziza (''less cholesterol'') ari nacyo gituma mu bihugu byinshi batangiye kujya bayitwaraho icyororo. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga izo nka z’inyambo, kugira ngo ubwo bwoko butazazima, hashyizweho amashyo atatu (3) y’Inyambo z’amashashi 600 zatoranyijwe muri Uganda, zikaba zororewe Gako mu Bugesera na Karama muri Nyagatare. Ifoto ikurikira iragaragaza amashashi y’inyambo yororewe mu rwuri rwa Karama. ''Guteza imbere ubworozi bw’inka z’inyama'' : Ubworozi bw’inka z’inyama nabwo ntabwo bwibagiranye. Aborozi batuye mu Murenge wa Ndego mu Karere ka Kirehe, batangiye guhuza ubutaka bwabo, bagamije kugira inzuri nini zakororerwaho inka z’inyama. Leta izabafasha kubona icyororo cy’izo nka, byaba ari ukuzigura mu mahanga cyangwa hakoreshwa intanga (ndetse n’insoro) z’ubwoko bwa [[Bonsmara]] na [[Brahaman]] zamaze kugurwa no kugezwa mu Gihugu n’izindi zose zishobora gutumizwa hanze. Abikorera ku giti cyabo nabo Leta irabashishikariza korora ibimasa bivuye mu ma farms y’inka zitanga amata, bakabibyibushya ku buryo byatanga inyama.<ref>http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/ReportGirinkaApril2009.pdf </ref> == Indwara z’inka == Indwara z’inka muri rusange ziterwa n’udukoko nka virusi, bacteria n’ibihumyo. Hano hari zimwe mundwara zifata inka: '''Uburenge''' : Iyi ndwara iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi. Ituma itungo ricika integer rikagira n’umuriro. Ifata ururimi, iminwa, igikanu, amaguru, amacebe n’amabere akagira ububabare. ''Kuyigenzura'' : Ukongera isuku no gukingira. Akenshi kuyihagarika biragora iyo yagaragaye. Kubera ibyo, ni byiza kwica izarwaye. '''Indwara ya tuberculosis''' : Ni indwara iramba iterwa na bacteri. Yi ndwara irakaze cyane kuko n’abantu bayandura bayikuye kunka inyuze mu mata no kubikomoka ku mata. ''Kuyigenzura'' : Gufata ingamba zo gushyira mu kato no gupima bihoraho iyi ndwara. Amatungo adwaye agomba gushyirwa mukato kandi akabagwa. Gutera imiti yica udukoko buri gihe. '''Indwara ya lung plague''' (''pleuropneumonia'') : Ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi ituma itungo rikorora rigacika integer mbere y’uko ripfa. Ishobora kugenzurwa ushyira amatungo adwaye ukwayo. '''Indwara ya Rinderpest''' (''cattle plague'') : Ni indwara ikaze iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi. Ibimenyetso harimo kutamera neza mu gifu bigatera guhitwa, umuriro mwinshi, gusohora imyanda ivanze n’amaraso no gucika integer muri rusange ku matungo. ''Kuyigenzura'' : Ishobora kuvurwa ukoresha urukingo rwo kwirinda no gushyira amatungo adwaye ukwayo. '''Indwara y’inzoka''' : Murizo harimo flukes, inzoka zo mumazi n’inzoka zo kubutaka. Ibimenyetso harimo kutarya. ''Kuyigenzura'' : Guhora wica inzoka. Isuku nziza. Guhindura aho kororera. '''Indwara y’umusinziro''' (Trypanosomiasis) : Iyi ndwara iterwa n’isasi yitwa tsetse. Udukoko dushwanyaguza ingingo zo mu maraso. Ibimenyetso harimo muri rusange gucika intege n’umuriro mwinshi. Kuyirinda bishobora wica amasasi ya tsetse no gukingira. Ishobora kugenzurwa ushyira amatungo adwaye ukwayo no kuyabaga. '''Udukoko tubeshwaho n’inyamanswa''': Utu dukoko duto dutwara indwara ariko udukoko dukaze ni nka ikirongwe,amasazi, n’inda. Ikirongwe nicyo kiboneka cyane kandi gitera cyane umuriro. Uburyo butatu bwo kugenzura udukoko: Kugira aho ziba hasukuye. Kogesha amatungo amazi yica udukoko. Guhozaho umwotsi wirukana udukoko. == Ikiraro cy’inka ==[[File:Baby cow was born.jpg|thumb|Baby cow was born]] Ikiraro ni ingenzi ku matungo n’uburyo bwo korora bwerekana ubwoko bazifashisha. Ubwoko bw’ibiraro burimo ibice bitatu hari aho bubaka hato hagatanga umusaruro mwinshi, aharinganiye n’ahanini ariko hatanga umusaruro muke. Ubwoko bubiri bwambere busaba kubaka ikiraro gifite igisenge n’uruzitiro, mugihe ubwoko bwa gatatu budasaba ikiraro kubera ko ureka ubushyo buke bwakijyambere cyangwa ntabwo babureka bukarisha mu gisambu. Ikibitandukanya ni igihe amatungo amara ari hanze y’ikiraro. == Amafoto == <gallery perrow="4"> Image:CH cow 2.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Braunvieh </span> Image:Hereford bull large.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Hereford </span> Image:Brahman Baby.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Brahman</span> Image:Simmentaler Fleckvieh.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Simmental</span> Image:Koe in weiland bij Gorssel.JPG|<span style="color:grey;">Holstein</span> Image:Angus cattle 17.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Angus</span> Image:Maremma_z01.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Maremma</span> Image:Longhorns 037.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Longhorns</span> </gallery> == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * https://web.archive.org/web/20110718175441/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/category/topics/agriculture/livestock-farming/cattle-keeping [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] 3nf6orji3xz9u16sleomc6fnz5b3r6w 0 2564 10813 2010-07-02T12:05:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ihene]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ihene]] l2nuwjtrw4psjqytj09d08dmgn6s27j 0 2565 10816 2010-07-02T12:08:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuceli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuceli]] 86hmnn9lz14370lz2wxb8afxje3skuz 0 2566 10819 2010-07-02T12:10:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuneke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuneke]] miu1u2m32lp1k69j4fedmqpoq7ccrjo 0 2567 10821 2010-07-02T12:12:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuceli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuceli]] 86hmnn9lz14370lz2wxb8afxje3skuz 0 2568 76839 64673 2021-08-02T19:00:05Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sugar 2xmacro.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">isukari</font>]] [[Dosiye:Brown_sugar_crystals.JPG|thumb|Isukari]] '''Isukari''' == Isukari yo mu Nganda == '''Isukari yo mu Nganda''' : Abashinzwe kumenya impamvu zitera indwara z’ibyorezo basanze ko zifitanye isano no gukoresha isukari, nyuma basanga ububi bw’isukari butagarukiye aho, ahubwo isukari ishobora no gutera kanseri yo mu mura, mu gifu, n’iyo mu munwa wa nyababyeyi (inkondo ya nyababyeyi). [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 5nj8urrhamn5wasgbu0i2i94v9d6nv2 0 2569 81529 76385 2022-01-31T11:03:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coturnix coturnix eggs.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Amagi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Different colored chicken eggs-01ASD.jpg|thumb|amabara atandukanye y`amagi]] '''Igi''' (ubuke: '''Amagi''' ) Kurya amagi menshi, kenshi, ni ukuvuga ngo urengeje amagi 3 mu cyumweru, na byo [[Dosiye:Gyps_fulvus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.77.5.jpg|thumb|Igi]] bishobora gutera [[kanseri y’amabere]], mu gifu, ibihaha, urwagashya, umura, agahu koroheye ko muri nyababyeyi gategura ururenda rurinda nyababyeyi no mu mirera ntanga y’abagore. Abayarya cyane bakunda kurwara uruhu, ubugora, kwishimagura, imvuvu, kuribwa mu nda, imvururu mu mara, impiswi, ubuhwima. Iyo igi rihuye n’amatoto y’inkoko rikimara guterwa rihura na microbe yitwa ''Salmonella'' itera kuribwa mu mara na tifoyide. Amagi afite umunyu mwinshi agakena muri [[potasiyumu]], ni cyo gituma akwiriye kwirindwa n’abarwaye indwara y’umutima. Amagi atera kanseri yo mu maraso cyane ku bagore, ni na yo atera [[kanseri]] yo mu gifu. Si byiza kuyaha umwana utari wuzuza umwaka. [[Category:Inyoni]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 64akvapsahomv6i96bkh0bp2z8nbl95 0 2571 78762 64675 2021-08-26T12:01:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Imbuto]] [[Dosiye:Fruits_and_Vegetables_in_Boquete,_Panama.jpg|thumb|Imbuto]] '''Umwungo''' (''ubuke'': '''Imbuto''' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''fruit'') ni [[ikimera]]. *[[Umutobe w'imbuto]] [[Category:Imbuto| ]] 2156j70o360pv7ikz4wd0nz1ejcxoiq 0 2572 72275 64676 2020-05-14T05:45:15Z Ji-Elle 2552 +pict wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FD 1.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umugati</font>]] [[File:L'embarcadere de GANVIER.jpg|thumb|Umugati ([[Bene]])]] '''Umugati''' Mbere yo gutangira ibiryo uramutse uriye umugati, ukawuhekenya neza byagabanya inzara wari ufite bigatuma urya bike. [[Category:Ibiribwa]] f2sxf49nmgov0hfbahxbqzcgjne8xzq 0 2573 76840 70565 2021-08-02T19:04:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FoodMeat.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inyama</font>]] [[Dosiye:Topside_steak.jpg|thumb|Inyama]] '''Inyama''' Ubushakashatsi bunyuranye bumaze gukorwa bumaze kwerekana ko inyama zifite uruhare runini mu gutera [[kanseri]] : yo mu bwonko, ibihaha, igifu, impyiko, uruhago, nyababyeyi, imiyobora ntanga, prostate, n’izindi zitavuzwe. Umuntu uriye ikilo 1 cy’inyama zokeje aba yinjije benzopirene itera kanseri ingana n’iy’umuntu wanyoye imiti 600 y’itabi (''cigarettes'') kandi kanseri ikomoka mu nyama yongerwa n’uko zatetswe cyane no kotswa, rero umuntu ategewe hose.Icyiza ni ugukoresha ibimera birimo :imboga ,imbuto ibinyampeke n'ibinyamisongwe n'ibindi tutarondoye kuko aribyo bifasha umubiri bikawongerera ibivumbikisho kandi ugakunda kunywa amazi nibura ibirahuri 6-8 ku munsi. == Amoko == * Inyama y'[[inka]] * inyama y’[[ihene]] * inyama y’[[intama]] * inyama y’[[ingurube]] * inyama y’[[inkoko]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] alndrv12v4847ypyuza0xsfoa6010wy 0 2574 81690 64678 2022-01-31T11:28:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyperus papyrus6.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urufunzo</span>]] '''Urufunzo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cyperus papyrus'') [[Category:Ibimera]] symjaj165h9ex4g76qty6pdlwqz1b7i 0 2575 10831 2010-07-02T12:34:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urufunzo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urufunzo]] b3l9n0dohmtbz8228ie05wn5x4xzilp 0 2576 78712 76357 2021-08-26T07:12:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gemeine Viehbremse Tabanus bromius 1.jpg |thumb|260px|<font color="grey">Isazi ♀</font>]] [[Dosiye:Fly BN3Q1808.jpg|thumb|isazi]] [[Dosiye:Housefly_on_a_leaf_crop.jpg|thumb|isazi ku gihingwa cyibabi]] '''Isazi''' (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Tabanus'') ni [[inyamaswa]]. [[Category:Inyamaswa]] 2wy47270nby0itwjzwvbw6fa7k65ch0 0 2577 10833 2010-07-02T12:39:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isazi]] 4hl12h6c71votszxgra7vn5vz95ulxa 0 2579 73527 72706 2020-10-03T21:12:20Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KayesBaobab.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Adansonia''</font><ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KayesBaobab.jpg</ref>]] [[File:Baobab and elephant, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Adansonia digitata''</font>]] [[File:Quercus ilex rotundifolia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Quercus ilex''</font>]] [[File:Ibiti_birebire_bya_Nyungwe.jpg|thumb|Ibiti birebire bibarizwa muri pariki ya Nyungwe]] == Intangiriro == '''Igiti''' (Ubwinshi: '''Ibiti''') kiri mu muryango w’ibinyabuzima. Kiramera, kigakura, kikaba cyarabya, cyakwera imbuto, hanyuma kikazasaza. Cyakora ntigishobora kwiyimura aho kiri. Igiti kigizwe n’imizi, n’igihimba, n’amashami, n’amababi, n’indabyo zibyara imbuto. Imizi ifatisha igiti mu butaka, ikabuvanamo ibigitunga. Igihimba gitangirira ku butaka kigakura kijya hejuru. Igiti gihumekera mu mababi. Aho ibiti biri ari byinshi bahita ishyamba. Bavuga ko amashyamba akurura imvura akanarwanya isuli. == Akamaro k'igiti == Ibiti bigira akamaro kenshi: hari ibyera imbuto: nk’amacunga, [[ipapayi|amapapayi]], [[indimu]], amatunda, [[marakuja]], za [[avoka]], imyembe n’ibindi byinshi. Hari n’ibyubakishwa amazu n'amateme; hakaba n’ibisaturwamo imbaho, zikabazwamo ibikoresho by’amoko menshi, hakaba n’ibicanwa. Hari n'ibiti bitanga igicucu kuburyo abagenzi bashobora kwikinga izuba baruhuka bamara gutora akabaraga bagakomeza urugendo. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti| ]] 572y9jc7pwdgb20pcm17s9uz7v5wi49 14 2580 65609 64181 2013-03-11T10:36:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6641172]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] sq904dz9gkd8hdn26lod08x89g9sbgu 0 2581 81550 64681 2022-01-31T11:07:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Annona reticulata Blanco1.197-cropped.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Umutima w'imfizi''</span>]] '''Umutima w'imfizi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Annona reticulata'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] ayrxdnghk48hr16pnxn4jbogd4i4ov3 0 2582 10843 2010-07-03T05:19:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umutima w'imfizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutima w'imfizi]] 6mxogzey8lvn5ozp0bpfvr78aatzwzf 0 2583 81549 78818 2022-01-31T11:07:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CDC cherimoya.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Seremoliya''</span>]] '''Seremoliya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Annona cherimola'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Starr_070308-5406_Annona_cherimola.jpg|thumb|Seremoliya]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 74takmwrxt1fnyysgj1k80s27s4l21s 0 2584 76532 76287 2021-07-27T13:30:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Apple mango and cross section edit1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Umwembe''</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mango 'Julie' Fruits.jpg|thumb|umwembe ku giti]] '''Umwembe''' (izina ry’ubu [[Dosiye:Mangoes_during_the_end_of_Autumn_season_in_Hyderabad_(2).jpg|thumb|Umwembe ku giti]] menyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Mangifera indica'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]] rufitiye umubiri akamaro kuko ukungahaye kuri [[vitamini C]] ikenerwa mu gukora poroteyini z’ingenzi ku menyo, imikaya, amagufwa, imiyoboro y’amaraso, mu gukiza ibisebe, ikanagira uruhare mu gukora indurwe y’umwijima kandi ikanafasha mu ikoreshwa ry’umunyu ngugu wa fer wongera amaraso mu mubiri. == Amoko == *[[Umwembe wa Kalimantana]] '''Imyembe ihumura neza''' (Fragrant Mango, ''Mangifera odorata'') ni ubwoko bw’imyembe izwi na benshi, akenshi yera mu Majyepfo y’Uburasirazuba bwa [[Aziya]]. Ni ikimanyi hagati y’umwembe ukunze guhingwa na benshi (''Mangifera indica'') n’umwembe witwa '''Umwembe w’ifarashi''' (Horse Mango, ''Mangifera foetida''). <ref>http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=7-imyembe-yo-muri-indoneziya</ref> == Notes == <references group="u" /> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=179&cat=39&storyid=4919 Umwembe ukungahaye kuri vitamini C] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 7cjgum14zxsjkah0rfcoyama0dciogb 14 2585 67148 63283 2013-03-14T05:43:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 129 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7134786]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] sq904dz9gkd8hdn26lod08x89g9sbgu 0 2586 10851 2010-07-03T05:33:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Seremoliya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Seremoliya]] n9i0aajn6939n0lwtaorvasijquu7cq 0 2587 76404 76403 2021-07-25T13:25:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Psidium guajava fruit.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Amapera ''</span>]] [[Dosiye:Guava_01.jpg|thumb|Ipera]] '''Amapera''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Psidium guajava'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Fresh_Guava.jpg|thumb|Amapera ]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] g4u4sjeths19lvvqtcfluzaumsakgef 0 2588 81413 76697 2022-01-28T16:53:40Z Iifar 9348 better pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Avoka''</span>]] [[Dosiye:Persea_americana_fruit_2.JPG|thumb|avoka eshatu mu giti]] '''Avoka''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Persea gratissima'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] l84ubudh38wg6xwj6qmwizoecwkmsjh 0 2589 10855 2010-07-03T05:40:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Avoka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Avoka]] sz2bdmef2jpeddwjbnqucjul04jyjp4 0 2590 10856 2010-07-03T05:41:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amapera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amapera]] q9egte09h2qdhelif2y5s7em14sf05s 14 2592 67804 64686 2013-04-13T09:53:54Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5626683]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 14 2593 67801 64687 2013-04-13T09:52:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5626526]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|en]] bj1ae7t85z6yp3j25w2nqy29oqatqrs 10 2594 68190 68066 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567952]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Igiturukiya|tr]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Bu kullanıcının '''[[:Category:User tr-N|ana dili]]''' '''[[:Category:User tr|Türkçe]]''' 'dir.</td> </tr></table></div> [[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] 4ska1tavbluv56tc5bt9huioefgtq92 14 2595 67859 54927 2013-04-13T10:22:14Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 149 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6592500]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User tr]] jjn9uwmdmklfcmobkzu7gxlgnfzj61m 14 2596 67857 62552 2013-04-13T10:19:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 167 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6592099]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|tr]] 84ktc91koqpiso86jzb7fxdf3cbku5n 14 2597 68195 68067 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4655215]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedia]] 925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7 10 2600 68194 64690 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5627529]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float: left; border:solid {{{1|#6ef7a7}}} 1px; margin: 1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width: 238px; background: {{{2|#c5fcdc}}};" | style="width: 45px; height: 45px; background: {{{1|#6ef7a7}}}; text-align: center; font-size: {{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}}pt; color: {{{id-fc|black}}};" | '''{{{3|[[Chinese language|zh]]}}}''' | style="font-size: {{{info-s|8}}}pt; padding: 4pt; line-height: 1.25em; color: {{{info-fc|black}}};" | {{{4|&#36889;&#20491;&#29992;&#25142;&#30340;'''[[:Category:User zh-N|&#27597;&#35486;]]'''&#26159;'''[[:Category:User zh|&#20013;&#25991;]]'''。<br />&#36825;&#20010;&#29992;&#25143;&#30340;'''[[:Category:User zh-N|&#27597;&#35821;]]'''&#26159;'''[[:Category:User zh|&#20013;&#25991;]]'''。}}} |}</div> [[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User zh-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] aigxje554qqi58o4v5pvx2qruwj60tl 14 2601 64691 62047 2013-03-07T18:46:55Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 144 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5626544]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|zh]] cfgxppnhfm7v8i5tovl2kt468evsec8 14 2602 64692 62474 2013-03-07T18:47:17Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5626667]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User zh]] kfmh94irzrlyu2oaeu7k2o31f2plics 10 2603 68192 64693 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611811]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ukrainian language|uk]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | '''[[:Category:User uk|Українська мова]]''' для цього користувача є '''[[:Category:User uk-N|рідною]]'''.[[Category:User uk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User uk-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> l4gzi89hmndkvqe76gesovkbqwclvje 14 2604 64694 62467 2013-03-07T18:47:39Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 154 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610209]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|uk]] 00aqh4b1catjke4thbdj0ov87uxo6v3 14 2605 64695 62469 2013-03-07T18:47:50Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 144 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610348]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User uk]] 3c0o4ds23dma536dckwxylqxb0g3i4g 10 2606 68188 64696 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5643379]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник владеет '''[[:Category:User ru|русским]]''' почти как '''[[:Category:User ru-4|родным]]'''.[[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> kceuif3qbbbyt3qfqbscqgyic7bkx45 14 2607 67844 67683 2013-04-13T10:09:53Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 200 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587145]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ru]] 5qu609atoytnorye0zpahy5rmwnb6ek 14 2608 67846 63155 2013-04-13T10:12:26Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 125 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587196]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ru]] 14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60 10 2609 64697 64245 2013-03-07T18:48:13Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 200 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541627]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikidage|de]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-1|grundlegende]] [[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''. [[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User de-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> btwlsqbfhxhtdtkmvma9oy45iqbm55e 14 2610 67796 64698 2013-04-13T09:52:33Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6395874]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|de]] esn75t7rjdvczob6negemlumt1kajfg 14 2611 67797 64699 2013-04-13T09:52:36Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6396155]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User de]] t9ds7mfsg19mvfrctu6odx7j06cdst4 10 2612 68187 42199 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14388632]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikinyarwanda|rw]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Nshobora kugiramo '''[[:Category:User rw-1|uruhare]] n'[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' giciriritse. [[Category:User rw|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User rw-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> lkra3lta6gttwh5ckqpkhzb4ap55gkr 14 2613 65420 51882 2013-03-11T10:24:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587257]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User rw}} [[Category:Wikipedians by language|rw]] 8dok3tix97w2yeh9fhabgcqcg000ka2 14 2614 65419 51113 2013-03-11T10:24:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587263]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User rw-1}} [[Category:User rw]] ddob7osx6vnibp1quyrrr2yhro7e7kf 14 2615 67805 64700 2013-04-13T09:53:59Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6398355]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 10 2616 68186 64701 2013-08-01T18:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567018]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Italian language|it]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-3|avanzato]]'''.[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 9v6hgg5xn1irxb1xfk86adxnrzvgwu6 14 2617 67829 64702 2013-04-13T09:57:05Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6445580]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|it]] 6a4cd7vvcq690eev5l36n30in83lynk 14 2618 67831 64703 2013-04-13T09:57:13Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6445794]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User it]] ngkybv5r1mn3pguas20nafxcspzad18 14 2619 65430 64704 2013-03-11T10:24:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6445964]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User it]] ngkybv5r1mn3pguas20nafxcspzad18 10 2620 68223 67891 2013-08-01T18:40:31Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6967673]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr > <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''pt'''</td > <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Este usuário tem como língua '''[[:Category:User pt-N|materna]]''' o '''[[:Category:User pt|português]]'''.</td > </tr ></table ></div> <includeonly> [[Category:User pt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User pt-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] </includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:User pt|*]] </noinclude> t3u8dzeccz6cbp29rnsbf532h9bgczs 14 2621 67843 61636 2013-04-13T10:08:00Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 149 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6586898]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|pt]] 9jl0489gz3sta0ldih6n84xcf55i7wx 14 2622 67143 62457 2013-03-14T05:36:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6586965]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pt]] jd534kd21yawxmao6lx3iwjjgjqqjzr 10 2623 64705 64345 2013-03-07T19:01:51Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 180 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611824]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesipanyole|es]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-2|intermedio]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 14igmje35511vdtfydlidv1vilgqayj 14 2624 67810 64706 2013-04-13T09:54:26Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6399850]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|es]] t5l6ggv72t9ljdmdxnoje89wxx0hz7o 14 2625 67812 64707 2013-04-13T09:54:39Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 9 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6400255]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User es]] 2k46im3mug50pxi8pb0rzy84gayf4dn 10 2626 64708 64261 2013-03-07T19:02:24Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 203 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5548625]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igifaransa|fr]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-1|élémentaire]]''' de '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''.[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 0g9e1p47ldgk6dlom2446g0n0pre0ir 14 2627 67820 64709 2013-04-13T09:55:00Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6402996]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|fr]] gttdybv6g9hzghv0h9sd6t63j8yhtfk 14 2628 67821 64710 2013-04-13T09:55:03Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5614597]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fr]] ibzb2u788qzqbo56xzma7346i3p2gi0 10 2629 68214 64711 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567988]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Italian language|it]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-1|semplice]]'''.[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> nql20exrtajqjduhqut8lqtyqfa5kx4 14 2630 67830 64712 2013-04-13T09:57:09Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6445707]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User it]] ngkybv5r1mn3pguas20nafxcspzad18 14 2631 67863 64713 2013-04-13T10:24:18Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4615183]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedia]] 925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7 10 2632 64714 64483 2013-03-07T19:03:57Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 202 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567997]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igifaransa|fr]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cet utilisateur a pour '''[[:Category:User fr-N|langue maternelle]]''' le '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''. [[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> oa0a41ixhktb4tux09mg5m58jvpxvlz 14 2633 67822 64715 2013-04-13T09:55:11Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6403760]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fr]] ibzb2u788qzqbo56xzma7346i3p2gi0 10 2634 68213 64716 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566835]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Croatian language|hr]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ovaj suradnik govori '''[[:Category:User hr|hrvatski]]''' kao '''[[:Category:User hr-N|materinski jezik]]'''.[[Category:User hr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User hr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> kq63qc7pwr3n2bmupbbs6xhdo2tyr13 14 2635 67824 64717 2013-04-13T09:55:16Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6407881]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|hr]] 3vex4ghg13hldzslzf8cu3dygutbs8t 14 2636 67825 64718 2013-04-13T09:55:18Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6408224]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User hr]] b8qt56l855peny7085hneozykseimt3 10 2637 68221 67884 2013-08-01T18:40:31Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6967995]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник владеет '''[[:Category:User ru|русским языком]]''' на '''[[:Category:User ru-1|начальном уровне]]'''. [[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> hv35k4403z9e5waedti98vtq667fr3k 14 2638 64719 64532 2013-03-07T19:05:01Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 159 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6474435]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ru]] 14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60 10 2639 68226 64720 2013-08-01T18:40:32Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5743436]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | '''[[:Category:User ru|Русский язык]]''' — '''[[:Category:User ru-N|родной]]''' для этого участника.[[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> d4xq5vzy8r0wos60gtp02u99jliu9nb 14 2640 67847 67690 2013-04-13T10:13:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 154 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587224]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ru]] 14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60 4 2643 78284 11111 2021-08-24T00:25:30Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wikipedia|thumb]] ==Administrators== There are no local admins! If you need help with administrative tasks, ask a [[:m:Global sysops|global sysop]] or a [[:m:Stewards|steward]]. [[Dosiye:Wikimedia|thumb]] garhh1ytf9makywuxnv6350mspxqvj5 4 2644 11112 2010-07-29T14:52:42Z Fr33kman 1303 redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Wikipedia:Administrators]] mvap5oca6rpdkledgi4ab4onfl4ot28 10 2668 64721 64244 2013-03-07T19:05:24Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 216 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541223]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Ikidage|de]]'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer spricht '''[[:Category:user_de|Deutsch]]''' als '''[[:Category:User de-N|Muttersprache]]'''.[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> pdwzbzz9qsev6rnnoj1d5cgvxzgvfha 0 2691 81433 76338 2022-01-31T10:48:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - A Calling (1896).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umwana </span>]] [[File:Children in Namibia(1 cropped).jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abana</span>]] '''Umwana''', urubyaro cyangwa se na none [[Dosiye:A_abana_04.jpg|thumb|Abana]] abakomoka ku [[umuntu|muntu]]. [[Ikiciro:Abana]] kwzo7xll7nruigapmgcvl9eubtrgiy6 8 2708 63359 57973 2013-02-07T01:52:31Z Pgehres (WMF) 2464 Updating sidebar link to use subst:CONTENTLANGUAGE wikitext text/x-wiki //donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_rw.wikipedia.org&uselang=rw agd8pzq6mhop9q8nkft09qjfbhw5rkz 14 2710 67739 64723 2013-04-13T09:01:56Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4619]] wikitext text/x-wiki <font color="green">'''Bare'''</font> (sg) / <font color="green">'''Imibare'''</font> (pl) = ''mathematics'' [[Category:Ubumenyi]] fqxcgx5ea7oz5o82fm1ezcexq3z4uma 14 2711 16052 13565 2011-01-04T02:40:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Ubumenyi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Ubumenyi]] kssjui0chz0er3ogf37h48wcou12n3y 0 2712 78420 64724 2021-08-24T22:16:01Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font:10em verdana; background:#ccc;"| 0 |- |} [[Dosiye:Number zero.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|zeru]] '''Ubusa''' / '''Obusa''' / '''Zeru ni umubare wuzuzanya nindi mibare''' [[Category:Imibare]] f6wcu33sp86dfqpzzt95hr3epkg3fuj 0 2713 12167 2010-11-27T23:32:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubusa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubusa]] b15qfyk3z6xcdl1820y3bd1lgc9grxx 0 2714 12168 2010-11-27T23:32:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubusa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubusa]] b15qfyk3z6xcdl1820y3bd1lgc9grxx 0 2715 78421 64725 2021-08-24T22:22:28Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chinese number one.jpg|thumb|rimwe]] '''Rimwe''' / '''Limwe ni umubare wunganira indi mibare (1).''' [[Category:Imibare]] mmpr8zzdrreoocgcq92h0rikw7un0xw 0 2716 78423 64726 2021-08-24T22:34:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Number-two.JPG|thumb|kabiri]] '''Kabiri''' / '''Kabili''' [[Category:Imibare]] l05cl3qht18rb9f01pi6jiucv0eiihu 0 2717 12172 2010-11-27T23:38:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kabiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kabiri]] 4lwu4f7wlr4h27ahsx651dcnhu9oyl8 0 2718 12174 2010-11-27T23:41:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rimwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rimwe]] 4f5x35hyjuqrqppakz11742wojdtecs 0 2721 81647 76180 2022-01-31T11:22:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat_types_3.jpg|thumb|right|<span style="color:grey;">Imbwa</span>]] [[File:Agents de sécurité au défilé avec les chiens.jpg|thumb|Imbwa ([[Kameruni]])]] Imbwa yo mu rugo (Canis familiaris iyo ifatwa nk'ubwoko butandukanye cyangwa Canis lupus familiaris iyo ifatwa nk'ubwoko bw'impyisi) ni inyamaswa z’inyamabere zororerwa mu muryango Canidae. Nibice bigize ibisimba bisa nimpyisi, kandi ni inyamanswa nyinshi zo ku isi. Imbwa hamwe nimpyisi yumukara isigaye ni mushiki wa tagisi kuko impyisi ya kijyambere ntaho ihuriye cyane nimpyisi yororerwa bwa mbere, bivuze ko umukurambere wimbwa yazimye. Imbwa niyo bwoko bwa mbere bwororerwa mu rugo, kandi bwororerwa mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kubera imyitwarire itandukanye, ubushobozi bwo kumva, n'ibiranga umubiri. Kuba bamaranye igihe kirekire n'abantu byatumye imbwa zihuza bidasanzwe imyitwarire yabantu, kandi zirashobora gutera imbere mumirire ikungahaye kuri krahisi yaba idahagije kubindi binyobwa. Imbwa ziratandukanye cyane muburyo, ubunini, n'amabara. Bakora imirimo myinshi kubantu, nko guhiga, kuragira, gukurura imizigo, kurinda, gufasha abapolisi nabasirikare, kubana, ndetse, vuba aha, gufasha abamugaye, ninshingano zo kuvura. Izi ngaruka kumuryango wabantu zabahaye sobriquet y "inshuti magara yumun.== == Amoko y'imbwa == [[File:Beagle puppy Cadet 2.jpg|thumb|Ibibwana Beagle]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Inyamabere]] mwmw08awkj1gsyy61aqunub38aet8du 0 2722 12344 2010-12-06T21:03:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Imbwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imbwa]] 09bzf4dhnmnf08sf7hy3v0cf6hxzvvl 0 2723 12345 2010-12-06T21:09:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubusa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubusa]] b15qfyk3z6xcdl1820y3bd1lgc9grxx 0 2724 70605 70603 2016-07-27T05:48:10Z 2602:30A:2C48:EB10:A5F9:9AA8:9393:FDE4 Redirected page to [[Rimwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rimwe]] 4f5x35hyjuqrqppakz11742wojdtecs 0 2725 70606 70604 2016-07-27T05:48:18Z 2602:30A:2C48:EB10:A5F9:9AA8:9393:FDE4 Redirected page to [[Kabiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kabiri]] 4lwu4f7wlr4h27ahsx651dcnhu9oyl8 14 2728 67448 57125 2013-04-02T18:53:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8791262]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] 0t9xmlj5v8uoh2hx8exk5mvzvj4u1wq 14 2730 64728 62194 2013-03-07T19:06:42Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 173 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4103183]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 0 2734 79551 79176 2021-10-21T21:05:45Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Correction of some errors wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Facebook.svg|thumb|250px|]] [[Dosiye:Facebook_f_logo_(2019).svg|thumb|Ikirangantego cya Facebook (2019)]] '''Facebook''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://news.igihe.org/ikoranabuhanga_news.php?groupid=1&news_cat_id=1&news_id=8394 |accessdate=2010-12-23 |archive-date=2010-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210161948/http://news.igihe.org/ikoranabuhanga_news.php?groupid=1&news_cat_id=1&news_id=8394 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Nyuma y’aho mu minsi ishize abakoresha Facebook batangiye kubona ko ingano y’inyuguti umuntu yanditse cyangwa izo abandi banditse zagabanutse, bamwe bakagira ngo ni ikibazo cy’imashini bakoresha cyangwa browser (Mozilla, IE, 360, Google Chrome,…) bakoreramo. [[Dosiye:People using cellphones on a street in New York.jpg|center|thumb|368x368px|kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagize isi bakoresha facebook]] Nyuma y’aho ibibajijwe kenshi biciye kuri [[Twitter]] rero, Facebook yasohotse itangazo nayo ibicishije kuri Twitter, aho yavuze ko uko kugabanya ingano y’inyuguti (''font size'') biri mu rwego rwo gukomeza guhindura uburyo iyo site iteye n’ibyo igeza ku bakunzi bayo kugirango serivisi zayo zikomeze kubanogera. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Interineti]] agfh1h6yvnd1dkn7lxbclh54ri1x7ru 0 2735 77907 77347 2021-08-18T14:49:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Reffye mitrailleuse Le General Hanicque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mitarayeze</font>]] [[File:Mitrailleuse mg 3458.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mitarayeze</font>]] [[Dosiye:Casing.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Mitarayeze</font>]] '''Mitarayeze''' (''mitrailleuse'') ni yo yari igezweho mu gihe cy’intambara ya mbere y’isi. Icyo gihe inganda zashyize ingufu mu gucura ibikoresho by’intambara muri rusange, ariko bakaba bari bamaze imyaka 50 bari mu kugerageza niba babigeraho. Guhera mu 1914, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga byakoreshejwe bidasubirwaho mu nzego nyinshi, cyane cyane izifite aho zihurira n’imirwano. Inganda zicura ibyuma n’ikoreshwa ry’ubumara byatumye abahanganye ku rugamba bagira ingufu mu kwirinda umwanzi. Ka [[gerenade]] (''grenade'') kari gasigaye ari ako kwitwaza mu kwikiza umwanzi ku buryo butunguranye. Igihe iyi ntambara yabaga havumbuwe ibintu byinshi, harimo igisasu kiremereye cyarashwe mu 1915; canons antiaériens, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kuyobya ibisasu n’indege biri mu kirere; kuyobora indege ziri mu kirere; itumanaho hagati y’abari ku rugamba n’abayobozi babo, n’ibindi; ariko nyine ibyo byose bikajyana no gutwara ubuzima bw’abantu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://news.igihe.org/ikoranabuhanga_news.php?groupid=1&news_cat_id=24&news_id=8356 |accessdate=2010-12-23 |archive-date=2010-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122134111/http://news.igihe.org/ikoranabuhanga_news.php?groupid=1&news_cat_id=24&news_id=8356 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Notes == <references group="i" /> [[Category:Intwaro]] 8wmmd0w5ezlo9lzqtro68y2wyuohdiu 0 2736 76163 76083 2021-07-19T21:34:46Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Pariki ya Gishwati iherereye hagati yakarere ka nyabihu na ngororero, iri shyamba ribitse inyamanswa nyishi ndetse n inyoni ziguruka , [[Dosiye:Sunrisenyungwe.jpg|thumb|Sunrisenyungwe]] hamwe ningagi nkeya {{Infobox protected area|name=Gishwati Forest Reserve|location=[[Rwanda]]|world_heritage_site=|governing_body=|visitation_year=|visitation_num=|established=|area=|coordinates=|nearest_city=|relief=|alt_name=|map_width=|map_caption=Location within [[Rwanda]]|map_alt=|map=Rwanda|photo_width=|photo_caption=The Hills of Gishwati, 2004|photo_alt=|photo=Collines de Gishwati 3.JPG|url=}}'''Ishyamba rya Gishwati''' ni ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ryitaweho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'ikiyaga cya Kivu]] . aya mashyamba yatangiye kwitambwaho kuva mumwaka 1978, kandi amashyamba menshi yabayeho kuva muwa 1986. gaye gusa agace gato kazengurutse amashyamba kavukire, 1,500 acres (6.1 km yishyamba ryumwimerere 250.000. Uretse igihombo ukomeye wa rw'ibinyabuzima, ku karere bimwe biboneka isuri no kwangirika no n'inkangu . Ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mumyaka mike ishize byongereye amashyamba kavukire asigaye kuri 2,500 acres (10 km . Inzu nini yicyayi ifata ibice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru ya reuge. Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryahoze ari igice kimwe muri gahunda igoye y’amashyamba yimvura anyuze hagati ya Afrika. rikunze kuba riherereye hakurya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] ihuza amashyamba y'imvura yo muri Kongo, n'amajyepfo igahuza [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] . iyi miterere y’amashyamba yacitsemo ibice kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no gutema amashyamba. [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda]] ryateje ikibazo aho impunzi zahunze kandi abaturage bariyongera uko abantu bavanywe mu byabo; icyakora ako gace kari karahuye n’imyaka yo guteshwa agaciro mbere ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda. Aka gace karangiritse kubera ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi kugeza igihe butatanga umusaruro. Isuri, inkangu, kugabanuka kw'amazi, n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka byari byaturutse ku iyangirika ry'ubutaka. Gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati (GACP) yatangiye mu 2007 ku bufatanye na perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], na Great Ape Trust, yashinzwe n’umugiraneza Ted Townsend. Iyi gahunda yatangiranye igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho parike y’igihugu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati no guhagarika kwangirika vuba. Mu 1930 Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryatwaye hegitari 70.000 ariko ryatakaje hafi 90 ku ijana by'igifuniko cyaryo, iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kugarura igihombo gikomeye ako gace kamaze kubona mu myaka icumi ishize bityo ikibanza kikaba Ishyamba ry'amizero. Mu mwaka wa 2011, GACP yasimbuwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’u Rwanda uzwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’amashyamba, kuri ubu ucunga amashyamba ya Gishwati (GFR). Kuva ishyamba ry'amizero ryabaho habayeho kwiyongera kwa 67 ku ijana by'ubunini bw'ishyamba rya Gishwati. Abaturage ba chimpanzee baho bariyongereye kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoreshejwe muri reuge. Gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati yatangiriye ku cyizere cy'uko mu nzira guverinoma y'u Rwanda izafata ako gace ikayigira parike y'igihugu. Bimwe mubikorwa bya leta no gutangaza amakuru byerekana ko GFR izamurwa muri parike yigihugu mugihe cya vuba. ishyamba rya gishwati 1986 kugeza muwa 2001 Kubera gutema amashyamba ya Gishwati, gutakaza cyane ibinyabuzima byatumye. Fauna yonyine yagabanutseho 99.7%. Ibimera bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabaturage kavukire nabyo byagabanutse cyane. Imbuto zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 93.3%, imboga zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 99,6%, naho imiti yo mu gasozi ikoreshwa n’abaturage kavukire yagabanutseho 79.9%. Ishyamba ry’amashyamba ryanditseho amoko 58 y’ibiti n’ibiti, harimo ibiti byinshi by’imvukira n’imigano. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku bijyanye no gukwirakwiza karuboni y’ishyamba bwerekanye ko Macaranga kilimandscharica ari ubwoko bw’ibiti bikunze kugaragara mu bice by’ishyamba bitigeze bihungabana. Uturere twahungabanije amashyamba ahura nubuzima bushya byerekana ubukoloni bwa Carapa grandiflora, Entandrophagrama excelsum, na Symphonia globulifera . Ibindi bimera byabigenewe birimo ibiti binini byimeza nubururu bwubururu. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuboneka mubigega. Haboneka amoko ane ya primates, [[Impundu|Chimpanzee y'Iburasirazuba]] (Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii), inkende ya zahabu, [[Inkima|inkende y'ubururu]], [[Icyondi|n'inguge ya L'Hoest]] (izwi kandi ku nguge yo ku misozi). Nubwo atari guhera 2002, ubwoko bwa gatanu bwibinyabuzima, colobus yumukara numweru byavuzwe ko yabonetse. Muri iki gihe habarurwa amashyamba 20 yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 54% mubunini bwabaturage kuva kuri chimps 13 muri 2008, igihe GACP yatangiraga. Harimo impinja eshanu. Ikigereranyo cy'ubucucike bw'ibyari bya chimpanzee wasangaga 1.473 kuri km2 na Dr. Plumptree. Izindi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zirimo inzuzi zitukura ( Potamochoerus porcus ), duiker yimbere yumukara (Cephalophus nigrifrons ), hyrax yo mu majyepfo ( Dendrohyrax arboreus ), serval ( Felis serval ), na Felis aurata . Fauna Ibindi basanga ni amoko 84 ya inyoni, harimo Woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculidae ), White-headed Woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus bollei ), Old World Warblers ( Sylviidae ), na Mountain Yellow Warbler ( Iduna similis ). Igikeri cyamashyamba yijimye hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamasaro ni bumwe mubuzima bwa amphibian buboneka mwishyamba. Ku bijyanye n’ibikururuka, inzoka nini zo mu biyaga binini n’amoko menshi ya chameleone nayo iboneka mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. Itsinda rito ryitaruye rya chimpanzees yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rituye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati, ahantu hashobora kuba uburiri bwikizamini kuburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage bari baragabanutse kugera ku banyamuryango cumi na batatu kandi bari hafi kurimbuka. Hagati ya 2008 na 2011 abaturage biyongereyeho mirongo ine na batandatu ku ijana bagera ku banyamuryango cumi n'icyenda ku bw'imbaraga za guverinoma y'u Rwanda na gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati . Imbaraga nkizashyizweho kugirango zifashe inguge nini za Gishwati zirashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha inguge nini kwisi. Ishyamba rya Gishwati nubuzima bwibihumbi magana byabanyarwanda batuye hafi ya Gishwati. Ishyamba rifasha kubungabunga uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bikarinda kwangirika. Mu bihe biri imbere irashobora guha ubukungu bwu Rwanda inyungu ziva mu bidukikije binyuze mu binyabuzima biboneka muri ako karere. [[Dosiye:Vitoria_-_Campas_de_Olárizu_01.jpg|thumb|170x170px|Pariki ya Nyungwe ]] [[Dosiye:Birds_in_Darwin,_Australia.jpg|thumb|Inyoni zo muri pariki ya Nyungwe]] pnuephc6xuydl7m2xcjnso4z9dbbmol 0 2737 81660 77161 2022-01-31T11:24:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Smit.Cercopithecus L'Hoesti.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Icyondi</span>]] [[File:Cercopithecus lhoesti distribution.svg|left|100px|]] [[Dosiye:L'Hoest's monkey (Cercopithecus lhoesti).jpg|thumb|''Cercopithecus lhoesti'']] '''Icyondi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cercopithecus lhoesti'') [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] ni hamwe mu hantu hake ku isi hakiboneka ubu bwoko bw’[[inguge]], ushobora kuzisanga hafi y’umuhanda ahegereye Uwinka. [[Category:Inyamabere]] f16xdma3c8rq5xg3q1gt37aymg25q5j 0 2738 12622 2010-12-23T02:46:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyondi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyondi]] 9zzyvg0k3xqgkqt5pkixe4mim9bl27o 0 2739 81671 76526 2022-01-31T11:25:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Colobus angolensis.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inkomo</span>]] '''Inkomo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Colobus angolensis'') Ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] niryo ryonyine ku mugabane w’[[Afurika]] ribonekamo izi [[nguge]] mu matsinda manini, agizwe n’[[inguge]] 350. [[Dosiye:Pair_of_Colobus_angolensis_at_Lowry_Park_Zoo.JPG|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Inkomo ebyiri</span>]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] px2ma0ojyldns9cuu3g5l0v4s293v1c 0 2740 12627 2010-12-23T02:56:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkomo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkomo]] 2kxlm9xsue8ccab0imb5wpa2fi3ezec 0 2741 12632 2010-12-23T03:05:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inguge]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inguge]] f2ox36giz99g3839f1yg1g2sitovx61 0 2742 81659 78720 2022-01-31T11:24:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cercopithecus hamlyni.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igihinyage</span>]] [[File:Cercopithecus hamlyni booms - journal.pone.0044271.s015.ogg|thumb]] '''Igihinyage''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cercopithecus hamlyni''): Iyi [[nguge]] ihunga abantu ntipfa kuboneka. Iboneka muri Kongo yo haagti, mu burasirazuba bwo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira demokarasi ya Congo]], u [[Rwanda]] n’[[Uburundi]]. [[Dosiye:Arriere-cercopithecus-hamlyni.jpg|thumb|Igihinyage]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] 2vwxmv3xh78dx4zz4tqaapda3iikhco 0 2743 81661 76525 2022-01-31T11:24:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BlueMonkey.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inkima</span>]] '''Inkima''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cercopithecus mitis doggetti'' & ''kandti'') N’ubwo ziboneka mu matsinda hamwe zitwa kandi ''Monas'', zimwe ziboneka ziri kumwe n’izindi nk’[[Inkomo]], [[Inyenzi]] cyangwa [[Ibishabaga]]. [[Dosiye:Blue_Monkey_-_Mount_Meru_-_Tanzania_(43401331024).jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Inkima</span>]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] 3f17a4zpqql6usf8qx65fg01j2t0kbi 0 2744 12635 2010-12-23T03:12:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkima]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkima]] 9oae69vq2q1y4sj3vkuctzl59qhevnl 0 2745 12636 2010-12-23T03:12:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkima]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkima]] 9oae69vq2q1y4sj3vkuctzl59qhevnl 0 2746 76527 76499 2021-07-27T13:11:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:9858Cockroaches of the Philippines on green walls 08.jpg|thumb|313x313px|ikinyenzi]] '''Inyenzi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ?) : Izi [[nguge]] zibera mu biti ziboneka mu bice by’Uwinka. [[Dosiye:Cockroach_August_2012-2.jpg|thumb|Ikinyenzi]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] cty9u0l3pnrp5mtg2m1tohmb1xbrv21 0 2747 76517 64736 2021-07-27T11:30:20Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gombe Stream NP Mutter und Kind.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Impundu </font>]] '''Impundu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii'' ) Niyo [[nguge]] nini iba muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]]. Habonekamo izigera kuri 500, Umugide (cyangwa uyobora ba mukerarugendo), ashobora kugufasha kuzimenya n’ibiziranga. [[Dosiye:Igitera_at_Nyungwe_forest.jpg|thumb|Impundu ku ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] f4gatzec5i8nsaf31b0kxkdhlhzwgxm 0 2748 12643 2010-12-23T03:19:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Impundu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Impundu]] 0orajt2poirr8vujelw8xlt92pkwrgw 14 2749 67733 64737 2013-04-13T08:50:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1456677]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 2750 12657 2010-12-23T03:47:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihinyage]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihinyage]] h8b6i7b5251l0tpj4gl947zj69spbhj 0 2751 78745 74075 2021-08-26T10:07:02Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Erythrina abyssinica1MTFL.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuko</span>]] [[Dosiye:Erythrina_abyssinica.jpg|thumb|Umuko]] '''Umuko''' cyangwa '''Umurinzi''' (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Erythrina abyssinica'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. Iki giti ngo kimaze imyaka myinshi cyane muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], ndetse kandi gikungahaye ku buvuzi butangaje kuko kibasha kuvura indwara zitandukanye zirimo; Imitezi, Ubushye, Kuribwa mu ngingo, Ibikomere, Ibisebe, Mburugu n’Uburwayi bwo mu ngingo. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> == Notes == <references group="i" /> [[Category:Ibimera]] 4d550vmp94xxli6fb49oozrsid910l8 0 2752 12698 2010-12-23T13:33:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuko]] mvhy39zsfbozeq9ewzfd6nzwm1fvhnc 0 2753 77218 21010 2021-08-09T18:02:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuturirwa_2.jpg|thumb|Umuturirwa ]] '''Umuturirwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Zanthoxylum gilletti, Fagara macrophylla'') Iki giti mureba hano nacyo kiboneka muri iyi [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] gikungahaye mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye zirimo; Ibicurane, Maraliya, Igituntu, Ibibyimba, n’Uburwayi bw’amenyo. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] jz1e8ne3j43vhux7dmiphgpfbiuomok 0 2754 12701 2010-12-23T13:48:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuturirwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuturirwa]] 4k1dlxwdjv6p1qmm2mmeg7bangx9kxx 0 2755 12702 2010-12-23T13:48:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuturirwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuturirwa]] 4k1dlxwdjv6p1qmm2mmeg7bangx9kxx 0 2756 81673 68692 2022-01-31T11:26:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Crassocephalum crepidioides 16.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Crassocephalum crepidioides''</span>]] '''Isununu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Crassocephalum vitellium'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. Nkurikije uko nabonye iki giti n’ukuntu nabonye gikungahaye ku buvuzi cyane cyane mu bibazo bikunze gusenya ingo, reka nsabe abagabo batandukanye bazanyarukire yo maze bihere ijisho wenda hari icyo byabamarira. Iki giti ngo kivura cyangwa kigabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso mu mubiri, ariko cyane cyane ngo mu kuvura ubugumba bw’abagabo kirebaho, mbese ngo iyo umugabo agikoresheje yari ingumba; Ikibazo cye gisigara ari amateka. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> == Notes == Hari kandi n`isununu z`uburwayi umuntu arwara nko kuntoki ku isura,kubirenge n`ahandi hose k`umubiri. <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] gg9cwb9iwq0e7tfoj71ehbu7sr3aiyw 0 2757 12704 2010-12-23T13:54:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isununu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isununu]] qcdwdgjbeoaw2s88kmb3ga4ao0kl684 0 2758 77987 77919 2021-08-20T01:01:23Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugote''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Syzygium guineese'') [[Dosiye:SyzygiumSamarangense.jpg|thumb|313x313px|Umugote]] Iki giti nacyo ngo ni ubukombe muri Parike itagira uko isa ya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]], kivura indwara ebyiri arizo Amibe ndetse n’amarozi. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Some wildlife from Nyugwe forest crossing the road, cfrt 0783095816.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Nyugwe]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] p0uxs8bhc4m7hv0qpxsm5mt2nd005o8 0 2759 12707 2010-12-23T13:57:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugote]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugote]] etb0r3wo3x8ekt091l2o8oe0aul6i62 0 2760 77421 67137 2021-08-10T02:51:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|nyugwe]] '''Umusengesi''' (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Myrcia sphaerocarpa , Myrcia salicifolia'' ) Umusengesi nacyo ni ikindi giti gifite akamaro kigaragara muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]], iki giti kandi kivura amarozi yo mu bwoko butandukanye, kandi ngo kuri ba bandi igifu cyabujije amahwemo babonye umuti wacyo hehe no kongera ku kirwara. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] nclfkx1brl9ovqifkjkw7zo5pmeyl0u 0 2761 12710 2010-12-23T14:02:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusengesi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusengesi]] ntw1vig3ksj6vqarxj1cqglivg1gz01 0 2762 12711 2010-12-23T14:02:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusengesi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusengesi]] ntw1vig3ksj6vqarxj1cqglivg1gz01 0 2763 68058 64740 2013-05-14T17:03:51Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q959738]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prunus sappling.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umwumba</font>]] '''Umwumba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Prunus africana'' ) ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. Iki giti ni umwe mu miti ikomeye cyane ihagaragara muri iyi [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Pariki]] kuko kivura indwara zitandukanye zirimo Umuriro, Igifu, [[Kanseri ya Prostate]], Inkorora ndetse na [[Diyabete]]. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] 7kd3dzbn3wzlflgnvpah8jc9kazgtro 0 2764 12714 2010-12-23T14:11:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwumba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwumba]] fb5qxak4hth49q4giw99sg52qbjdwdh 0 2765 81736 64741 2022-01-31T11:36:03Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ficus natalensis.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Imvuvumu</span>]] '''Imvuvumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Ficus natalensis'' ) Umuti ukomoka kuri iki giti ni ingenzi cyane kuko ngo uwawunyoye atandukana n’indwara zimwe na zimwe zigize akaraha kajyahe zirimo Ibicurane, Inkorora, Ibisebe ndetse kandi ngo kuri ba bantu banyara ku buriri kuva bafite ukwezi kumwe kugeza ku myaka isaga mirongo itatu, iyo banyweye ku muti ugikomokaho biba birangiye, hehe no kongera kunyara ku buriri. <ref>http://igihe.com/news-2-2-9182.html</ref> [[File:Ficus natalensis spec.JPG|left|200px|<span style="color:grey;">Imvuvumu</span>]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] 5aup6ep4d6hy1era92jkuokafy4pdog 0 2767 12721 2010-12-23T14:19:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Imvuvumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imvuvumu]] 3n1y7l1nqi2nvl8v90ietl0vd4h7o1o 0 2769 78349 65406 2021-08-24T08:01:05Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Lotusi y’ubuhinde </font>]] [[File:Lotus Nelumbo nucifera Flower Close 2048px.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Lotusi y’ubuhinde </font>]] [[Dosiye:Nelumbo_nucifera_002.JPG|thumb|Lotusi y’ubuhinde]] '''Lotusi y’ubuhinde''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Nelumbo nucifera'') ni [[igiti]] cyiza kiba mu mazi, kikagira amababi y’icyatsi areremba hejuru y’amazi. Indabo z’ikigina ziboneka ku nti nazo ziri hejuru y’amazi. Ururabo rwa Lotusi y’ubuhinde rufatwa nk’ikintu gitagatifu n’abanyedini rya Buda mu misengere yabo. Igiti cyose kiribwa n’abantu, bigatuma kenshi intete n’imizi (inguli) zakoreshejwe mu mitekere yak era muri aziya y’amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba. Lotusi y’ubuhinde ni igiti cyahingwa ahantu hose kimwe no guhinga lili y’amazi ihumura. Ntibikomeye gutera iki gihingwa mu bihe byacu, ugomba gusa kumenya uko ubikora. <ref>http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=3-lotusi-y-ubuhinde-nelumbo-nucifera</ref> == Notes == <references group="i" /> [[Category:Ibimera]] 63w9psgki7jo9z3aw2bl1l5ht9wumir 0 2770 12725 2010-12-23T14:35:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Lotusi y’ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lotusi y’ubuhinde]] dydtyhqxhuc9ipp5kxhjs4qtcyqs6ec 0 2771 19146 12729 2011-01-14T01:24:23Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] qnw6f9a7z6iehhvd7grj4za68hbikvd 0 2772 81531 77830 2022-01-31T11:04:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pinus kesiya Blanco2.453.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amahwa ya Kasi</span>]] '''Amahwa ya Kasi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pinus kesiya'' ) ni igiti gikura vuba cyo muri [[Aziya]], kitajya kiboneka hanze y’aho gihinze. Ibiti bigira uburebure buri hagati ya metero 30 na 35 n’igihimba gishobora kugera kuri metero 1 y’umubyimba. Buri shami rigira amahwa atatu, rimwe rimwe rifite hafi ya santimetero 15 na 20 z’uburebure. Imbuto z’ibi biti (mu ishusho ry’umutemeri) zigira uburebure buri hagati ya santimetero 5 kugera ku 9 noneho intete zikagira hagati ya santimetero 1,5 kugera kuri 2,5. Inkomoko y’amahwa ya Kasi ni mu karere ka [[Himalaya]]: uhereye mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bw’ubuhinde (muri iki gihe hakurwa imbaho gusa mu misozi ya Kasi na naga, muri leta ya Megalayi na Manipuru), mu [[Bushinwa]] (Mu ntara ya Yunani), Buruma (Miyanimari), amajyaruguru ya [[Tayilani]], [[Lawosi]], [[Viyetinamu]] (Layi Cawu, Langi soni, Cawo Bangi, Kuwangi Ninihi) no muri [[Filipine]] (Luzoni). Amahwa yo muri Filipine aboneka mu bwoko bwa ''Pinus insularis''. Mu Bushinwa haboneka ubundi bwoko bwitwa [[amahwa ya Yunani]] (''Pinus yunanensis''). <ref>http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=5-amahwa-ya-kasi-pinusi-kesiya</ref> [[Dosiye:Dülmen, Leuste, Bäume im Nebel -- 2020 -- 5042 (bw).jpg|center|thumb|380x380px|Pinus]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] q4pq5bsna7jderlanc3pg69ys5dabi4 0 2773 12736 2010-12-23T14:54:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amahwa ya Kasi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amahwa ya Kasi]] r7hozu2sj928z71549ch2zi8a0swrbx 0 2774 64744 58488 2013-03-07T19:31:09Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1779784]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mangifera casturi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umwembe wa Kalimantana</font>]] '''Umwembe wa [[Kalimantana]]''' (izina mu [[kilatini]] ''Mangifera casturi'') cyangwa uzwi aho ukomoka ku izina rya Kasturi ni igiti cy’imbuto kiboneka mu karere gashyuha kandi gahehereye kigira hagati ya metero 10 na 30 z’uburebure kikaba ari karande muturere dukeya cyane twegereye [[Banjarimasini]] ho mu Majyepfo ya [[Indoneziya]]. Kuri ubu zigenda zicika mubiti byishyamba bitewe no gutemwa kw’ibiti kutubahirije amatregeko. Nyamara kiracyaterwa kenshi muri iki gice, kubera impumuro nziza y’imbuto zacyo. <ref>http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=8-umwembe-wa-kalimantana-kalimantan-mango-kasturi-mangifera-casturi</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] 9yhh9rzmj6o094vj36zdgtiurcu7ydh 0 2775 12739 2010-12-23T15:00:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwembe wa Kalimantana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwembe wa Kalimantana]] 09hq4bvws2icj2bk2lnos4uw0xdyjif 0 2776 81790 79456 2022-01-31T11:44:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male gorilla in SF zoo.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi (gabo)</span>]] [[File:Gorilla mother and baby at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi (gore)</span>]] [[File:Gorilla gorilla skull.jpg|thumb|upright 1.2| <span style="color:grey;">gabo na gore</span>]] [[File:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female with baby.jpg|thumb|Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female with baby]]'''Ingagi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Gorilla'') Kwiga iby’inguge ni ugusesengura ubuzima bw’inguge. Iri ni ishami ry’ibinyabuzima rikaba rifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibijyanye no kwiga imiterere y’ikiremwa-muntu. Ubu ni ubumenyi bw’inguge ku [[Umuntu|muntu]] w’iki gihe (''genus Homo'') cyane cyane umuntu wo mu gihe tugezemo (''Homo sapiens''). Ubwo bumenyi bubumbira hamwe kwiga ibisamuntu, birimo abakurambere ba muntu hamwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’inguge zo muri [[Afurika]]. Ubumenyi bwo kwiga inguge bugezweho ni ubuhanga buhambaye. Ubwo bumenyi buhera ku kwiga imiterere y’abakurambere b’inguge hamwe, aho zikunze kwibera, ibijyanye n’imitekerereze yazo n’imivugire yazo. Ibi byafashije cyane mu kurushaho ku kumenya ibanze ry’imyifatire y’umuntu n’ibijyanye n’iyo myifatire ku bakurambere ba muntu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kubungabunga ingagi |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article61 |accessdate=2011-01-18 |archive-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119174234/http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article61 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Amoko menshi y’ [[inguge]] hari byinshi ahuriyeho n’ abantu ariko ingagi zo ni akarusho! Ibirenge n’intoki byazo biteye nk’iby'abantu kurusha ubundi bwoko bwose bw’inguge ; ingagi zimara igihe kinini ku butaka kurusha izindi nguge zose, niyo mpamvu ibirenge byazo bishobora kugenda nta kibazo. Ibi ubibonera cyane ku ngagi zo mu birunga.<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-1258.html Ingagi zo mu Birunga: inyamaswa zifite byinshi zihuriyeho n\'abantu]</ref> == Abaturage == Umubare munini w’izo ngagi uba mu gace k’Afurika yo hagati mu karere k’ibirunga byo mu Rwanda, Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo na Uganda. Abayobozi b’ibi bihugu bafatanije n’imiryango iharanira gusigasira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bakaba barakoze ibarura ryasanze muri 2011 hazaba hari ingagi zigera kuri 480 mu gihe muri 2003 zanganaga na 380. Iyi mibare ikaba ituma ku isi yose ubu habarirwa ingagi zigera kuri 786. Uyu mubare nk’uko ubuyobozi bw’i’bihugu bibamo ingagi bubivuga ukaba wariyongereye bitewe n’ingamba zafashwe zo kurwanya abahiga inyamaswa. Ibi bikiyongera no ku kurwanya itwika ry’amashyamba.<ref>http://www.intege.com/ingagi.html</ref> == Amoko == * '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' cyangwa [[Ingagi zo mu misozi]] (''Gorilla beringei''): Zigera kuri cumi n’ebyiri ndetse n’izindi nyamaswa, izo ngagi n’inyamaswa zari mu ishyamba ry’ibirunga zahunze umuriro wari umaze igihe uri gukongeza inkengero z’ishyamba z’ibirunga ku ruhande rw’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na [[Uganda]], izo ngagi rero ngo zahisemo kugana ku ruhande rwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] kuko ariho zari zizeye umutekano kuko ho nta muriro wahageraga. * '''[[Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba]]''' (''Gorilla gorilla'') == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://news.igihe.org/ubukerarugendo_news.php?groupid=2&news_cat_id=40&news_id=9021 Ingagi zo mu karere k’Ibirunga ziyongereyeho 26,3%] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-7-11-555.html Rwanda : Urupfu rwa TITUS Umwami w’Ingagi muri Parike y’Ibirunga] * [http://igihe.com/news-2-95-4770.html Igihombo gikomeye: Urupfu rw’ingagi eshanu mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda] [[Category:Inyamabere]] kr6erbrwbmtv0fscwv6s1fiewg89ldh 0 2777 15667 12745 2011-01-02T03:42:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba]] ry9n340zyk23t2vuzi4vci1fvh1jxb8 0 2778 81871 79450 2022-02-03T08:05:04Z 197.157.145.26 /* Ubukerarugendo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mountain gorilla from Susa Group in Karisimbi thicket of Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Mountain gorilla from Susa Group in Karisimbi thicket of Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera]] [[Dosiye:Virunga National Park-119501.jpg|thumb|pariki y`ibirunga]] === '''Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga''' === '''Pariki y’Ibirunga'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amapariki |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article56 |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304182336/http://rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article56 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>, '''Pariki y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingagi zo mu Birunga zariyongereye |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |accessdate=2011-01-02 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305234747/http://rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>, '''Pariki Nasiyonali y’Ibirunga'''<ref>[http://www.primature.gov.rw/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=873&Itemid=95 Politiki y’Igihugu y’Ibidukikije]</ref>. Pariki iri mu majyaruguru y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bw'u Rwanda. Iyi Pariki ni nayo ibonekamo [[Ingagi zo mu misozi]] (''cyangwa'' zo mu birunga). Yemejwe bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1925. Muri icyo gihe yari agace gato hagati y’ibirunga bya Kalisimbi, Bisoke na Mikeno. Niyo [[pariki]] nkuru y’igihugu yashinzwe bwa mbere muri [[Afurika]].[[File:Mountain Gorilla in Volcanoes Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mountain Gorilla in Volcanoes Park, Rwanda]] == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa 1929 iyo pariki yongerewe ubunini kuko yahise ifata ubutaka bw’ U [[Rwanda]] ndetse na Congo Mbiligi ariyo [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] uyu munsi. Icyo gihe iyi pariki yahise igira ubuso bungana na 8090 km² , ibyo byakozwe mu rwego rwo kuyihinduramo Parc Albert yacungwaga n’abakoloni b’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] dore ko ari nabo bakoronizaga ibyo bihugu byombi.[[File:Mountain Sabyinyo.jpg|thumb|Mountain Sabyinyo]] Nyuma y’uko Congo ibonye ubwingenge mu 1960 ndetse n’U Rwanda mu 1962, Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga yahise icikamo ibice bibiri, buri gihugu kigira agace gicunga, ku ruhande rw’U Rwanda iyo pariki yahise itangira kugabanuka ubunini kuko abaturage batangiye kuyisatira bashaka aho gutura no guhinga.[[File:Monkey mother with her baby.jpg|thumb|Monkey mother with her baby]] == Ubushakashatsi == Mu mwaka wa 1967 iyi pariki yabaye intangiriro y’ubushakashatsi ku ngagi bw’ Umunyamerikakazi wabaye ikirangirire mu bushakashatsi bw’ibidukikije, Diana Fossey. Akigera muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga yahise atangiza ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi yise Karisoke Research Centre, hagati ya Karisimbi na Bisoke. Guhera ubwo, igihe cye kinini yagifataga muri pariki, kandi akeshwa kuba yarahesheje agaciro [[ingagi]] zo mu Rwanda, asaba ko zitabwaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga.<ref>https://www.go2africa.com/destinations/volcanoes-national-park/why-go</ref> Diana Fossey yiciwe mu rugo iwe mu mwaka w’1985, azize abashimusi batazwi yari amaze igihe akumira, ahambwa muri pariki y’Ibirunga hafi y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi yari yarashinze. Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga yaje kubamo umutekano mucye ubwo intambara yatangiraga hagati y’abahoze ari ingabo z’U Rwanda n’ingabo za [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR- Inkotanyi]], ku buryo mu mwaka wa 1992 hagabwe igitero ku cyicaro gikuru cy’iyo pariki biza gutuma ibikorwa bya ba mukerarugendo ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bwakorerwaga muri iyo parike bihagarara. Ibikorwa by’umutekano mucye byarakomeje bitewe n’abahoze mu ngabo zatsinzwe bacengeraga baturutse muri Congo ihana imbibe n’U Rwanda mu majyaruguru. Ibyo bikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi byahagaze mu 1999 bihoshejwe burundu n’ingabo z’igihugu cy’U Rwanda.<ref>https://www.viator.com/Kigali-attractions/Volcanoes-National-Park/d22362-a20609</ref> == Ibinyabuzima == [[File:Male gorilla in SF zoo.jpg|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ingagi (gabo)</font>]] Iyi pariki irimo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima nk’[[ibimera]] ndetse n’inyamaswa. Ibimera bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’ubutumburuke. Hari ishyamba ry’imisozi migufi (igice cyaryo kinini cyarahinzwe). Hagati ya metero 2400 na 2500 z’ubutumburuke, hari ishyamba ryo mu bwoko bwa Neoboutonia, naho ku butumburuke bwa metero 2500 kugeza kuri 3200 hari ishyamba ry’urugano rwo mu bwoko bwa Arundinaria alpine, riri ku buso bubarirwa kuri 30% bya pariki yose.<ref>https://www.andbeyond.com/destinations/africa/rwanda/volcanoes-national-park/</ref> == Ubuso == Ku butumburuke bwa metero 2600 kugera kuri 3600, ahanini ku bice by’imisozi bikonja byo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba, hari ishyamba ryo mu bwoko bwa ''Hagenia-Hypericum'', ribarirwa kuri 30% bya pariki yose. Iri shyamba ni rimwe mu mashyamba manini muri Afurika rifite ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa ''Hagenia abyssinica''. [[Ibimera]] byo ku butumburuke bubarirwa hagati ya metero 3500 na 4200, rigaragaramo cyane ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa ''Lobelia wollastonii'', ''L. lanurensis'' na ''Senecio erici-rosenii'', rikaba ribarirwa ku bugari bwa 25% bya pariki yose. Kuva kuri metero 4300 kugeza kuri 4200 z’ubutumburuke, ibyatsi ni byo bihagaragara. Hagaragara kandi igisambu cy’ibyatsi binini ndetse n’icy’ibito, ishyamba risanzwe n’ibiyaga bito, ariko ibi byose bibarirwa ku buso buto. == Ubukerarugendo == Mu rwego rw’ isi, iyi pariki izwi cyane ku ngagi zo mu misozi (''Gorilla beringei''). ari nazo zituma isurwa cyane kurwego rushimishije ikinjiza n' amadevize menshi, Izindi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zigaragara muri iyi pariki ni: Inguge zo mu bwoko bwa [[inkima]] (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti''); [[inzovu]] (''Loxodonta africana''); impyisi z’amabara zo mu bwoko bwa ''Crocuta'' na [[impongo]] (''Tragelaphus scriptus''). Iyi pariki kandi irimo inzovu n’ubwo ari nke. Harimo amoko 178 y’[[inyoni]], byibura 13 muri yo na 16 y’ibisanira byayo akaba ari yo aboneka cyane mu birunga no mu misozi ya Rwenzori.[[File:Mount Rubavu.jpg|thumb|Mount Rubavu]] == Imibare == Muri Pariki Nasiyonali y’Ibirunga usangamo 245 y’[[ibimera]] harimo amoko 13 ya zirinzwe mu rwego mpuzamahanga, 115 y’[[inyamaswa]] zonsa harimo Ingagi zo mu misozi zirenze 650, amoko 187 y’[[inyoni]], amoko 27 y’[[ibikururanda]] n’[[imitubu]], n’amoko 33 y’[[udukoko]]. == Reba imiyoboro == <references/> [[Category:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] rkocie11pthnqts30cyo1dmitax2sos 14 2780 65683 64747 2013-03-11T10:45:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5601572]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] [[Category:Kamere]] sl1v6zqxetw6zp6q26ryet8ea0opuvv 14 2781 67445 61553 2013-04-02T18:52:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7213753]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amapariki]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] hk8ldmnh47kqhhzi0quxbrcxo7qb5yh 14 2782 21112 13378 2011-01-21T05:13:47Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Pariki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki]] n0j7rua1ckrdxog7pc3o5w1pvy1g70b 10 2783 68197 64748 2013-08-01T18:40:26Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538169]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikinyafurikansi|af]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hierdie gebruiker het 'n '''[[:Category:User af-1|basiese]]''' begrip van '''[[:Category:User af|Afrikaans]]'''.[[Category:User af|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User af-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> <noinclude> e6b9ovm443h67l5vjfnwxz3b72nr7gt 14 2784 65681 64749 2013-03-11T10:45:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6386161]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|af]] 8o00ick6cdjv16pdzew7wxzbx3ak6ge 14 2785 65680 64750 2013-03-11T10:45:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6386298]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User af]] i8rsh29xvxp6qpqd6vi38v5wbfu8d51 10 2786 68248 64751 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538181]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Alemannic language|als]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dä User verfüegt über '''[[:Category:User als-1|Basis]]-[[:Category:User als|Kenntnis vom Alemannische]]'''.[[Category:User als|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User als-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> [[als:Vorlage:User gsw-1]] [[he:תבנית:User als-1]] [[nds-nl:Mal:Gebruker gsw-1]] [[rm:Template:User gsw-1]] </noinclude> j34hv7rl5e2y97bbxtgo70hv9rgsbk0 14 2787 64752 64548 2013-03-07T19:32:38Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6386843]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|als]] m7iuj1atgoipd6v88oa0opq2pp46iez 14 2788 67784 64753 2013-04-13T09:50:44Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6386903]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User als]] ays9ef8hkpwvwx4jat5qtl3rczfbg5k 10 2789 68198 64754 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538250]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#f0f8ff;border:solid #c0c8ff 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#c0c8ff;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyarabu|ar]]-1''' | style="font-size:11pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="ar" dir="rtl" | هذا المستخدم يعرف '''[[:Category:User ar-1|مبادئ]]''' '''[[:Category:User ar|&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;]]'''. |} [[Category:User ar|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ar-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] </div> nfflwgdapq59gybmk4mb2ilhid7jc4t 14 2790 67785 64755 2013-04-13T09:50:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6387736]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ar]] lezitv1ev4pmdebndwqo57puxqdvk0g 14 2791 67786 64756 2013-04-13T09:50:48Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6388033]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ar]] c96oo82nd0s4xrqd78kwri5gpdf6f0w 10 2792 64757 60111 2013-03-07T19:34:22Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 57 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538253]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyasuturiya|ast]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Esti usuariu pue contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User ast-1|básicu]]''' d''''[[:Category:User ast|asturianu]]'''.[[Category:User ast|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ast-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> d58dd0q68wiqsjjeyv5nu2g4ere51bf 14 2793 64758 62395 2013-03-07T19:34:33Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6388988]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ast]] 85k0tsjos0jr8pmn1kqsym547o3n29x 14 2794 64759 62394 2013-03-07T19:34:44Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6389064]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ast]] i35wry0gm79tb2xy4iofep9lfrt59n9 10 2795 68205 64760 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538288]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikinyazeribayijani|az]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="az" | '''Bu istifadəçinin ana dili Azərbaycan dilidir |} [[Category:User az|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User az-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] </div> 3o874taexf16szegphwezdzqhj0mhnx 14 2796 67787 64761 2013-04-13T09:50:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6389459]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|az]] 0z5yntx6me4a6ftp6mdbt38vco1j7cl 14 2797 67788 64762 2013-04-13T09:50:53Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6389733]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User az]] jic1sjfvolvwbela35lxr4qy4cieft1 10 2798 70137 64763 2015-08-03T05:29:33Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5538308]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Austro-Bavarian|bar]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dea Benutzer redt '''[[:Category:User bar-1|a weng]]''' '''[[:Category:User bar|Boarisch]]'''.[[Category:User bar|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User bar-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 7ztqvdu690xdpkmma252j85idrno8na 14 2799 65573 64764 2013-03-11T10:32:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6389907]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|bar]] 1av3jfmbnr7xybxqn79md2t4laacgvi 14 2800 65593 64765 2013-03-11T10:35:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6389977]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User bar]] i5crmv66t47ipf05zj7ac0rk4k9mpm5 10 2801 64766 64241 2013-03-07T19:36:03Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540401]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikibelarusiya|be]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Гэты ўдзельнік/гэтая ўдзельніца ведае '''[[:Category:User be|беларускую]]''' мову на '''[[:Category:User be-2|сярэднім]]''' узроўні. [[Category:User be|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User be-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div><noinclude> </noinclude> r4rxcwolppyvzt2fbj8z0va9l6fi3ga 14 2802 64767 62399 2013-03-07T19:36:14Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6390410]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|be]] d4oz4uvyvwz18ph7mfe5tf2s0mlh0ko 14 2803 64768 62398 2013-03-07T19:36:25Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6390583]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User be]] ncafij28dotd1t69o1y4ftcrlk5v0kk 10 2804 68200 64769 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540459]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:1px solid #C0C8FF;margin:1px"> {|cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt"|'''[[Ikibulugariya|bg]]-1''' |style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"|Този потребител има '''[[:Category:User bg-1|начални познания]]''' по '''[[:Category:User bg|български език]]'''.[[Category:User bg|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User bg-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> [[Category:User bg]] [[Category:User bg-1]] 1zxdltppdwk99c33b4wrgscocfv830v 14 2805 67789 64770 2013-04-13T09:50:54Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6390878]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|bg]] 1hbdufyugn0iikr083mn83yad8v1t4j 14 2806 67790 64771 2013-04-13T09:50:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6390982]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User bg]] f4yt2ea7xw439awlq3nbp09tdx88n70 10 2807 64772 64240 2013-03-07T19:37:11Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 118 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5539064]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igikatalani|ca]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Aquest usuari pot contribuir amb un nivell '''[[:Category:User ca-1|bàsic]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ca|català]]'''.[[Category:User ca|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ca-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> atfqpqylevtau6vm5ut9zpyiiwtafia 14 2808 67791 64773 2013-04-13T09:50:56Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6392510]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ca]] 8isdelat74zwld065c5z2ws9cnxicbo 14 2809 64774 61851 2013-03-07T19:37:39Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 112 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6392641]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ca]] n3io8aiau0q6764vwfbw88gwdkdor48 10 2810 64775 64378 2013-03-07T19:37:50Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 76 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5539067]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igikatalani|ca]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | El nivell d'aquest usuari correspon al d'un '''[[:Category:User ca-4|parlant natiu]]''' del '''[[:Category:User ca|català]]'''. [[Category:User ca|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ca-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> q9dxootwc6m28mu0mfzagueycoso5x1 14 2811 67793 64776 2013-04-13T09:51:42Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6392901]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ca]] n3io8aiau0q6764vwfbw88gwdkdor48 10 2812 68203 64777 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540442]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Czech language|cs]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tento uživatel má '''[[:Category:User cs-1|základní]]''' znalosti '''[[:Category:User cs|češtiny]]'''.[[Category:User cs|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cs-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 4g9w44qe9xw4bvgopx9bqba7cw90x2a 14 2813 67794 64778 2013-04-13T09:51:48Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6394014]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|cs]] jbhfqvciay4moknbk8hojnchms1gvut 14 2814 64779 62403 2013-03-07T19:38:50Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6394133]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User cs]] iflq7x62pofvzfdv1o5oa3bza75m9eq 10 2815 68206 64780 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538459]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne bruger har '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]''' som '''[[:Category:User da-N|modersmål]]'''.[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> bhpsk049np18elca77nx8pnmko3l2an 14 2816 64781 60058 2013-03-07T19:39:12Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395210]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|da]] cn32yu8cqs8y6w7q41wjzcl6zsg2xfj 14 2817 64782 64558 2013-03-07T19:39:22Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395628]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User da]] ib5i4d2fsn7ffug8kpsmur7dglfu42h 10 2818 68201 64783 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5540417]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne bruger har et '''[[:Category:User da-1|grundlæggende]]''' kendskab til '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]'''.[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> dral3awbf0lie1q3qxib82r3zg8dnlo 14 2819 64784 61856 2013-03-07T19:40:01Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395327]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User da]] ib5i4d2fsn7ffug8kpsmur7dglfu42h 10 2820 68202 64785 2013-08-01T18:40:27Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538452]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne brugers kendskab til '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]''' er på '''[[:Category:User da-2|mellemniveau]]'''.''[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> jnao8c3pvzdj5e0ak7n0f3u3lqc874h 14 2821 64786 60160 2013-03-07T19:40:23Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395420]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User da]] ib5i4d2fsn7ffug8kpsmur7dglfu42h 14 2822 67800 64787 2013-04-13T09:52:50Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6396835]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User de]] t9ds7mfsg19mvfrctu6odx7j06cdst4 10 2823 64788 64259 2013-03-07T20:00:23Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 188 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5547386]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikidage|de]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-2|fortgeschrittene]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> nja0g93ibc4nmm3shvj3gfk2chxnobg 14 2824 67798 64789 2013-04-13T09:52:42Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6396356]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User de]] t9ds7mfsg19mvfrctu6odx7j06cdst4 10 2825 68207 64790 2013-08-01T18:40:28Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5542609]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikidage|de]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Dieser Benutzer hat '''[[:Category:User de-3|sehr gute]]''' '''[[:Category:User de|Deutschkenntnisse]]'''.[[Category:User de|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User de-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 6tmeghzoc2ogzbzkrx16mrtpjro9lnx 14 2826 67799 64791 2013-04-13T09:52:45Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6396530]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User de]] t9ds7mfsg19mvfrctu6odx7j06cdst4 10 2827 68208 64792 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541806]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Greek language|el]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Αυτός ο χρήστης έχει ως '''[[:Category:User el-N|μητρική γλώσσα]]''' την '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνική]]'''. [[Category:User el|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User el-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> dtfk5mzh5cqp6vmfg4xjxm00imbyfon 14 2828 64793 64554 2013-03-07T20:01:46Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 119 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6397340]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|el]] e4inls0ycc4zkpw2mq665hvh8uto4ao 14 2829 64794 62408 2013-03-07T20:01:58Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6397808]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User el]] 3gd757sy0czbcmpsmeiu5t0zff6ygfp 10 2830 68286 64795 2013-08-17T22:31:10Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5544909]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Greek language|el]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Αυτός ο χρήστης μπορεί να συνεισφέρει σε '''[[:Category:User el-1|βασικού]]''' επιπέδου '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνικά]]'''.[[Category:User el|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User el-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 5ryycsyhiukqonqhn4un1wduvyilyh2 14 2831 64797 64550 2013-03-07T20:02:19Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6397465]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User el]] 3gd757sy0czbcmpsmeiu5t0zff6ygfp 10 2832 64798 64248 2013-03-07T20:02:30Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 219 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5544913]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyongereza|en]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> s2sjheanbnl7gook58lfl55loqab9l7 14 2833 67803 64799 2013-04-13T09:53:40Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6398142]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 10 2834 64800 64254 2013-03-07T20:02:53Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 213 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5546014]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyongereza|en]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute at a '''[[:Category:User en-4|near native]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> <noinclude> </noinclude> 1k0h0cmn4n4ax5dhjthsmxhlsetf9i0 14 2835 67806 64801 2013-04-13T09:54:05Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5626440]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 10 2836 64802 64237 2013-03-07T20:03:15Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 148 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538312]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesiperanto|eo]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ĉi tiu uzanto povas komuniki per '''[[:Category:User eo-1|baza]]''' nivelo de '''[[:Category:User eo|Esperanto]]'''.[[Category:User eo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User eo-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 0zj9kbno9fb00r0btw6k0hli5oiv8oq 14 2837 67808 64803 2013-04-13T09:54:13Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6398969]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|eo]] riafblbc3tcfjg7fpvi3ienfjd4kwwj 14 2838 64804 60102 2013-03-07T20:03:38Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 134 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6399191]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User eo]] 2dhzp15uecuzpmst0f9hlko1ai20q15 10 2839 64805 64253 2013-03-07T20:04:12Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 140 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5546003]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesiperanto|eo]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ĉi tiu uzanto povas komuniki per '''[[:Category:User eo-2|meza]]''' nivelo de '''[[:Category:User eo|Esperanto]]'''.[[Category:User eo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User eo-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 5bb90jkz1ag10zfkbg0nbpsbdqnvh8u 14 2840 64806 62410 2013-03-07T20:04:23Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6399325]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User eo]] 2dhzp15uecuzpmst0f9hlko1ai20q15 10 2841 64807 64243 2013-03-07T20:04:34Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 145 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541209]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesiperanto|eo]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ĉi tiu uzanto povas komuniki per '''[[:Category:User eo-3|alta ]]''' nivelo de '''[[:Category:User eo|Esperanto]]'''.[[Category:User eo|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User eo-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 1i652c645qsryxarrpnh4u4hivze2a2 14 2842 67809 64808 2013-04-13T09:54:17Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6399466]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User eo]] 2dhzp15uecuzpmst0f9hlko1ai20q15 10 2843 64809 64246 2013-03-07T20:05:10Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 169 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5542595]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Icyesipanyole|es]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | La '''[[:Category:User es-N|lengua nativa]]''' de este usuario es el '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> niuq1dc0q37aowvyb2f016wotvh15n5 14 2844 64810 64358 2013-03-07T20:05:21Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 156 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6400684]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User es]] 2k46im3mug50pxi8pb0rzy84gayf4dn 10 2845 68178 64811 2013-07-27T17:47:23Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[stq:Foarloage:Benutser es]] (strongly connected to [[rw:Template:User es]]) wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesipanyole|es]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> gd898kkhexod84ra1l82lv2wg5fnggg 14 2846 67811 64812 2013-04-13T09:54:32Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6400064]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User es]] 2k46im3mug50pxi8pb0rzy84gayf4dn 10 2847 64813 64330 2013-03-07T20:05:58Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5547092]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesipanyole|es]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-4|casi nativo]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 99wft5100sei9zhhpx9bfubk19jgl7c 14 2848 64814 62412 2013-03-07T20:06:09Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 116 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6400524]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User es]] 2k46im3mug50pxi8pb0rzy84gayf4dn 10 2849 68209 67914 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6585261]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesipanyole|es]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario puede contribuir con un nivel '''[[:Category:User es-3|avanzado]]''' de '''[[:Category:User es|español]]'''.[[Category:User es|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User es-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 69dffq7h2kabo615z1q48kcxh9oz0an 14 2850 67813 64815 2013-04-13T09:54:41Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6400397]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User es]] 2k46im3mug50pxi8pb0rzy84gayf4dn 10 2851 68287 64816 2013-08-17T22:31:21Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541798]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icyesitoniya|et]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | See kasutaja suudab '''[[:Category:User et|eesti keeles]] kaastööd teha '''[[:Category:User et-1|algaja]]''' tasemel. '''[[Category:User et|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User et-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> rupb75lb8sn2wzl00upr6ucwcxuod43 14 2852 64817 62413 2013-03-07T20:07:00Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6400850]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|et]] 0hsrj4dij9siidt923jnbbhb24xy6bo 14 2853 67814 64818 2013-04-13T09:54:44Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6400946]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User et]] 1aeas5rzixv23hacc8pblhrm4tp43al 10 2854 68211 64819 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541790]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Basque language|eu]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Erabiltzaile hau '''[[:Category:User eu-N|euskaldun zahar]]'''ra da ('''[[:Category:User eu|euskara]]''' du ama-hizkuntza).[[Category:User eu|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User eu-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 0rvxgs7x1ykxs8rxqdb0f0kjnf9w0uf 14 2855 64820 60153 2013-03-07T20:07:35Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 82 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6401254]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|eu]] hd9235zpd8zpomfwkbqc7rfzjgm1wfg 14 2856 64821 63465 2013-03-07T20:07:46Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 65 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6374771]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User eu]] 48awqu1ddaer4ejtz3w7mrnp4dmbch3 10 2857 64822 64446 2013-03-07T20:07:56Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 51 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5541782]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Basque language|eu]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Erabiltzaile honek '''[[:Category:User eu-4|euskaldun zahar]]'''ren maila du '''[[:Category:User eu|euskara]]'''z.[[Category:User eu|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User eu-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> ngb2j2xamcrmsuylhimbvsv9283f0c7 14 2858 64823 62411 2013-03-07T20:08:07Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 50 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6401415]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User eu]] 48awqu1ddaer4ejtz3w7mrnp4dmbch3 10 2859 64824 64264 2013-03-07T20:08:18Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5547900]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Persian language|fa]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="fa" dir="rtl" | '''[[:Category:User fa|&#1601;&#1575;&#1585;&#1587;&#1740;]]''' &#1586;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606; &#1605;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585;&#1740; &#1575;&#1740;&#1606; &#1705;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576;&#1585; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;. |} [[Category:User fa|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fa-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] <noinclude> </noinclude> </div> gga5r12udnbajs9uqeb1x086qoq929l 14 2860 67815 64825 2013-04-13T09:54:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6401631]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|fa]] qcyee87g37y7d07c83nchilm0e8ysdk 14 2861 67817 64826 2013-04-13T09:54:50Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6401949]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fa]] ll6q2si50zpeldcrssbfagug2gc5ove 10 2862 65437 64827 2013-03-11T10:25:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5545992]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#f0f8ff;border:solid #c0c8ff 1px;margin:1px;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#c0c8ff;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Persian language|fa]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="fa" dir="rtl" | &#1583;&#1575;&#1606;&#1588; '''[[:Category:User fa|&#1601;&#1575;&#1585;&#1587;&#1740;]]''' &#1575;&#1740;&#1606; &#1705;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576;&#1585; &#1583;&#1585;&#1587;&#1591;&#1581; '''[[:Category:User fa-1|&#1605;&#1576;&#1578;&#1583;&#1740;]]''' &#1575;&#1587;&#1578; |} [[Category:User fa|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fa-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] <noinclude></noinclude> </div> 0qesp5ujnzsetxzch3dirrgt6axlki7 14 2863 67816 64828 2013-04-13T09:54:48Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6401750]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fa]] ll6q2si50zpeldcrssbfagug2gc5ove 10 2864 64829 64252 2013-03-07T20:09:13Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 111 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5546040]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Igifinilande|fi]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Tämä käyttäjä puhuu '''[[:Category:User fi|suomea]]''' '''[[:Category:User fi-N|äidinkielenään]]'''.[[Category:User fi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fi-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> jdwlbksi9mndr50cfq5iiej21r7ielb 14 2865 67818 64830 2013-04-13T09:54:52Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6402086]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|fi]] csrf71tpb8msr6ky3dn3easjtlkglu7 14 2866 64831 61284 2013-03-07T20:09:34Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6402462]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fi]] 410jmkgxlse685r376gmzamkpqx9j26 10 2867 64832 64260 2013-03-07T20:09:45Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5548415]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igifinilande|fi]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tämä käyttäjä osaa '''[[:Category:User fi|suomea]] [[:Category:User fi-1|vähän]]'''.[[Category:User fi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fi-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> rzna4yp92cp37gh1nuc41kvptp5sp1o 14 2868 67819 64833 2013-04-13T09:54:54Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6402191]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fi]] 410jmkgxlse685r376gmzamkpqx9j26 10 2869 68212 64834 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567947]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igifaransa|fr]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-2|moyen]]''' en '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''. [[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 9aqo79ly8qsb35rodnevdrkazqd1bmr 14 2870 64835 64547 2013-03-07T20:10:18Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 184 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6403269]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fr]] ibzb2u788qzqbo56xzma7346i3p2gi0 10 2871 68210 64836 2013-08-01T18:40:29Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566692]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Galician language|gl]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuario pode contribuir cun nivel '''[[:Category:User gl-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User gl|galego]]'''.[[Category:User gl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User gl-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> ru8zihfjtam8r1uecnr0x4wdh5c5e99 14 2872 64837 62418 2013-03-07T20:30:09Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6405202]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|gl]] kn7d6il67uywvknaa3cwtenqu2btoen 14 2873 64838 62416 2013-03-07T20:30:19Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 52 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6405266]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User gl]] 3vnxzvhjhhg0egucf7jk9xbngupim4w 10 2874 64839 64340 2013-03-07T20:30:30Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 74 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567022]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:13pt;" | '''[[Ancient Greek language|grc-1]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | ὅδε ἐνκυκλοπαιδειουργὸς '''[[:Category:User grc|ὀλίγον]]''' '''[[:Category:User grc-1|ἀρχαίως Ἑλληνιστὶ]]''' γράφειν οἷος τ' ἐστίν. [[Category:User grc|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User grc-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> dixedir1kpw7h6e0k1j4jzicm5y3h4b 14 2875 64840 62417 2013-03-07T20:30:41Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6405884]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|grc]] afve1owis1kurrd7f5f7wy0yl2j9h2o 14 2876 64841 62640 2013-03-07T20:30:52Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6405987]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User grc]] e68ej6xx7fk72idpdgayo1bfnls16xg 10 2877 64842 64289 2013-03-07T20:31:02Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 44 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5569637]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;height:45px;background:#D0F8FF;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:13pt;line-height:1.2em;" | '''gsw<br />1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:3pt;line-height:1.15em;" | Dä Benutzer redet '''[[:Category:User gsw-1|es bizzeli]] [[:Category:User gsw|Schwizerdütsch]]'''. [[Category:User gsw|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User gsw-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> tel3qi4f2299kc1yyucz259ng9ec9c6 14 2878 65553 64843 2013-03-11T10:31:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6406191]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|gsw]] kxqphvlyue06wlq4vevkyzil13iq4et 14 2879 67823 64844 2013-04-13T09:55:14Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6229772]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User gsw]] 85433o5wfaip30ar509e4n52vk9kd6y 10 2880 70138 64845 2015-08-03T05:29:43Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5566857]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt" | '''[[Hebrew language|he]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" dir="rtl"| משתמש זה מסוגל לתרום ברמה '''[[:Category:User he-1|בסיסית]]''' של '''[[:Category:User he|עברית]]'''. [[Category:User he|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User he-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> ro676azsdqf2pr2zr3wrlz9egudnj7x 14 2881 64846 61101 2013-03-07T20:31:59Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6406833]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|he]] gs8p021dmrof25gxp2fuqoozmqv3gk0 14 2882 64847 60142 2013-03-07T20:32:10Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6406932]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User he]] 9t2wtcnkmhhg3pf5whcbdy3jdu5yj56 10 2883 64848 64286 2013-03-07T20:32:21Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566852]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:12pt" | '''[[Hebrew language|he]]-2''' | style="text-align:right;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" dir="rtl" | &#1502;&#1513;&#1514;&#1502;&#1513; &#1494;&#1492; &#1502;&#1505;&#1493;&#1490;&#1500; &#1500;&#1514;&#1512;&#1493;&#1501; &#1489;&#1512;&#1502;&#1492; '''[[:Category:User he-2|&#1489;&#1497;&#1504;&#1493;&#1504;&#1497;&#1514;]]''' &#1513;&#1500; '''[[:Category:User he|&#1506;&#1489;&#1512;&#1497;&#1514;]]'''. [[Category:User he|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User he-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> [[os:Шаблон:User he-2]] </noinclude> 2oick0gl49otrmh7fpmu4irszlgqbwf 14 2884 64849 62049 2013-03-07T20:32:32Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6407012]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User he]] 9t2wtcnkmhhg3pf5whcbdy3jdu5yj56 10 2885 64850 64486 2013-03-07T20:32:42Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566819]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''hi-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">यह सदस्य '''[[:Category:User hi|हिन्दी]]''' भाषा का''' [[:Category:User hi-1|प्रारंभिक]]''' ज्ञान रखते हैं।[[Category:User hi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User hi-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] </tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> m3e53tv9j5tj3rbtr9dc2076h03bpnh 14 2886 64851 63566 2013-03-07T20:32:53Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5664827]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|hi]] fs3gq69y9w6v8nix1x6gjs4sslaphbo 14 2887 64852 62420 2013-03-07T20:33:04Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 59 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6407303]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User hi]] 1eofxzlusuw2fihq8zix8cp6qqxdx0y 10 2888 68219 64853 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567991]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Croatian language|hr]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ovaj suradnik posjeduje '''[[:Category:User hr-1|osnovno znanje]]''' '''[[:Category:User hr|hrvatskog]]''' jezika. [[Category:User hr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User hr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> a8pdoda09xcmyujqur5frmw29kcxi8w 14 2889 64854 62422 2013-03-07T20:33:27Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6407984]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User hr]] b8qt56l855peny7085hneozykseimt3 0 2890 76961 28935 2021-08-04T22:24:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] ''Journal Officiel de la République du Rwanda'') [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|ikirangantego]] Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]] isohoka buri wa mbere w’[[icyumweru]]. == Ifatabuguzi == Amafaranga y’ifatabuguzi ry’umwaka wose, ayo kugura inomero imwe n’ayo kwandikishamo inyandiko arihirwa mu Kigo cy’[[Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]] (RRA); uwishyuye yerekana urupapuro yishyuriyeho kugira ngo serivisi ishinzwe Igazeti ya Leta imukorere icyo yishyuriye. Ifatabuguzi ry’umwaka wose rirangirana n’umwaka wishyuriwe kandi kwishyura bigakorwa mbere y’ukwezi kwa Mutarama k’umwaka ufatirwa ifatabuguzi. Abishyura batinze barakirwa bagahabwa numero zasohotse batarafata ubuguzi, iyo zihari, zaba zarashize ntibagire icyo babaza. [[Category:Igazeti]] [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] 6vr6300um6fxaxp96gifc6qc8bykke0 14 2891 67737 64855 2013-04-13T08:59:12Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6161946]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibinyamakuru]] lnirkn885lrq6tqz0m6kevt96wfnhox 0 2892 76959 64856 2021-08-04T22:17:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] '''icyumweru''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''week'' ; izina mu Gifaransa ''semaine'' ) == Iminsi y'imibyizi == * [[Ku wa mbere]] * [[Ku wa Kabiri]] * [[Ku wa gatatu]] * [[Ku wa kane]] * [[Ku wa gatanu]] * [[Ku wa gatandatu]] * [[Ku cyumweru]] [[Category:Icyumweru]] [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] dpcloxhbqbr44pqeydustmkf5x41csm 0 2893 76986 64857 2021-08-05T00:11:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Carver College Annual Catalogue (1959-1960) - DPLA - 1fe1c0d683eeece20e42584623ba9a04 (page 8).jpg|center|thumb|346x346px|karindali]] '''Iminsi y'imibyizi''' cyangwa '''Iminsi y'icyumweru''' * [[Ku wa mbere]] * [[Ku wa Kabiri]] * [[Ku wa gatatu]] * [[Ku wa kane]] * [[Ku wa gatanu]] * [[Ku wa gatandatu]] * [[Ku cyumweru]] [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi| ]] n41mxuyx6kyog8gikprr9pks96wfbw3 14 2894 67742 64858 2013-04-13T09:04:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5612236]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Iminsi]] q37bukq5bn3dhlxwtrmb7uc8uuz4nay 14 2895 67736 64859 2013-04-13T08:59:09Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5915079]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihe]] av89etwhnicmw0vasg0kk9g95jvgjo5 14 2896 65613 64860 2013-03-11T10:37:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4049213]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 14 2897 67438 59951 2013-04-02T18:51:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8364508]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihe]] av89etwhnicmw0vasg0kk9g95jvgjo5 0 2898 77378 64861 2021-08-10T01:15:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa mbere''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Monday'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Lundi'' ) [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa mbere ugize icyumweru kuri karindari. [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] 2jmviyuaf01byom6v2j53jg59qrcegd 0 2899 77377 64862 2021-08-10T01:11:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa Kabiri''' (izina mu Cyongereza 'Tuesday'' ; izina mu Gifaransa '' Mardi'' ) '' [[Dosiye:Carver College Annual Catalogue (1959-1960) - DPLA - 1fe1c0d683eeece20e42584623ba9a04 (page 8).jpg|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa kabiri utangira icyumweru. ''[[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]]'' 9fe7mj8qaxxsvmzzzw1mfclss318a5w 0 2900 77379 64863 2021-08-10T01:17:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa gatatu''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''Wednesday'' ; izina mu Gifaransa ''Mercredi'' ) [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa gatatu w'icyumweru kuri karindari [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] ezk7bpjf0b5nfp2j8rvpky21zytvcb9 0 2901 77380 64864 2021-08-10T01:19:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa kane''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''Thursday'' ; izina mu Gifaransa ''Jeudi'' ) [[Dosiye:Carver College Annual Catalogue (1959-1960) - DPLA - 1fe1c0d683eeece20e42584623ba9a04 (page 8).jpg|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa kane ugize icyumweru kuri karindari. [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] 4ztlh29z90h6abrn07s4kvlksl555la 0 2902 77381 64865 2021-08-10T01:21:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa gatanu''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Friday'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] ''Vendredi'' ) [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa gatanu igize icyumweru kuri karindari. [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] j6iiv3fv9z08q79w8mcxjzm3tzou20m 0 2903 77382 64866 2021-08-10T01:23:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ku wa gatandatu''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''Saturday'' ; izina mu Gifaransa ''Samedi'' ) [[Dosiye:Carver College Annual Catalogue (1959-1960) - DPLA - 1fe1c0d683eeece20e42584623ba9a04 (page 8).jpg|thumb|karindari]] ni umunsi wa gatandatu ugize icyumweru kuri karindari. [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] czgjjcq4e2pvnwta1j3fl80ufrlku7s 0 2904 77383 77031 2021-08-10T01:25:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sunday School. Pentecostal..jpg|thumb|sunday ]] [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|thumb|karindari]] '''Ku cyumweru''' ([[Icyongereza]]: ''Sunday''; [[Igifaransa]]: ''Dimanche'') ni umunsi wa karindwi ugize icyumweru. [[Category:Iminsi y'imibyizi]] iktdgl0sx9o90dfnogcaxz8cn1k9ytl 0 2905 81426 81425 2022-01-31T02:32:04Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ukwezi.jpg|thumb|Ukwezi]] [[Dosiye:Full moon partially obscured by atmosphere.jpg|thumb|Ukwezi]] [[file:moon decrescent symbol (fixed width).svg|48px|☾]] '''Ukwezi''' kutumulikira nijoro. (Ikimenyetso: [[file:moon decrescent symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|☾]]) Iyo ukwezi kwazoye tubona kungana n’izuba. Mu by’ukuli nta mahuliro rwose, ndetse isi ali yo ntoya ku zuba irakuruta cyane. Igishobora gutangaza ni uko kumulika, kandi ubwako kutagira urumuli. Ubundi ukwezi ni umubumbe wazimye, wikaraga mu kirere. Kujya kumera nk’isi, kuko na yo ali umubumbe wikaraga mu kirere; ikibitandukanya ni uko ibifite ubuzima bituye ku isi: [[abantu]], [[inyamaswa]] n’[[ibimera]]. == Amezi == # [[Mutarama]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa mbere'' # [[Gashyantare]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa kabiri'' # [[Werurwe]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa gatatu'' # [[Mata]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa kane'' # [[Gicurasi]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa gatanu'' # [[Kamena]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa gatandatu, impeshyi'' # [[Nyakanga]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa karindwi'' # [[Kanama]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa munani'' # [[Nzeri]] / [[Nzeli]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa cyenda'' # [[Ukwakira]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa cumi'' # [[Ugushyingo]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe'' # [[Ukuboza]] cyangwa ''ukwezi kwa cumi n'abiri'' [[Category:Amezi| ]] [[Ikiciro:Imibumbe]] r1jmv7cxcv8mwu7ckm79zeh60u9v4sf 14 2906 15207 15206 2010-12-30T19:45:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Amezi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Amezi]] beymbsck366g2kj1ll31biexgzpcasb 0 2907 77415 65465 2021-08-10T02:45:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Janvier.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa mbere</font>]] [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|karindari]] '''Mutarama''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''January'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] ''Janvier'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa mbere''' [[Category:Mutarama| ]] 99ssacnd8mqayjfgzhgkgnojmx4y28i 0 2908 12922 2010-12-23T20:55:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mutarama]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutarama]] r2n1i016jbq63p6ti9oyba8vduxxsuk 0 2909 81753 78026 2022-01-31T11:38:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry février.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">ukwezi kwa kabiri</span>]] '''Gashyantare''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''February'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Février'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa kabiri''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calenda]] [[Category:Gashyantare| ]] 4s1zl10v038nhaw2a7rs2rcdrrjlbbf 0 2910 12924 2010-12-23T20:57:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gashyantare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gashyantare]] bnwymvt19togdd8eielju8fyvn2ft34 0 2911 78025 64871 2021-08-20T02:53:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry mars.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa gatatu</font>]] '''Werurwe''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''March'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Mars'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa gatatu''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] [[Category:Werurwe| ]] t3b1nvhi403efojny2cx6pqdh04fpbv 0 2912 12929 2010-12-23T21:04:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Werurwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Werurwe]] 6id5zajruu2b4mw467jf3ye79uwesfl 0 2913 64872 63482 2013-03-07T20:36:45Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 203 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q118]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry avril.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa kane</font>]] '''Mata''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''April'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Avril'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa kane''' [[Category:Mata| ]] rh1bbe05ed7h15i3ul9mpdy75pko3v8 0 2914 12931 2010-12-23T21:09:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mata]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mata]] bkwbuj7lvpoyxfatvtq0iwrq0shjrwr 0 2915 81766 78024 2022-01-31T11:40:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry mai.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">ukwezi kwa gatanu</span>]] '''Gicurasi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''May'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Mai'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa gatanu''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] [[Category:Gicurasi| ]] q97glwkoadwm614dzdnyvc58rjli69p 0 2916 12933 2010-12-23T21:12:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gicurasi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gicurasi]] 39g27xnagl5fqszwiaqyuzwqkhvao3k 0 2917 78023 64874 2021-08-20T02:49:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry juin.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa gatandatu</font>]] '''Kamena''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''June'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Juin'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa gatandatu, impeshyi''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] [[Category:Kamena| ]] ricdo81gno2qh3km5vh3mt25go8vs7a 0 2918 12935 2010-12-23T21:16:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kamena]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kamena]] 07132blzm32cl99cqrtfxyipw4oag3s 0 2919 77811 64875 2021-08-17T23:16:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry juillet.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa karindwi</font>]] '''Nyakanga''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''July'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Juillet'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa karindwi''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|ukwakarindwi]] [[Category:Nyakanga| ]] mfufn345q4cwwfw65e0hckgu17vvyv6 0 2920 12937 2010-12-23T21:22:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nyakanga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyakanga]] ebui8ld1hbbq4vvxvvdk53xqy9lrupw 0 2921 78027 65696 2021-08-20T03:00:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry aout.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa munani</font>]] '''Kanama''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''August'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Août'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa munani''' , '''ukwezi k’umunani''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|karindali]] [[Category:Kanama| ]] 7njt6f3nqj2uxmldn9rr0fneonhx00l 0 2922 12939 2010-12-23T21:28:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kanama]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanama]] dxfhk3klgz7d9r11axpjond9u5mbx0q 0 2923 12941 2010-12-23T21:29:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kanama]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanama]] dxfhk3klgz7d9r11axpjond9u5mbx0q 0 2924 77813 72263 2021-08-17T23:25:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry septembre.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa cyenda</font>]] '''Nzeri''' cyangwa '''Nzeli''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''September'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Septembre'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa cyenda''' , '''ukwezi kw’icyenda''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|nzeri]] [[Category:Nzeri| ]] ljsv3h3w2h3tosqt6t1m1lylp4wyy8b 0 2925 12943 2010-12-23T21:32:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nzeri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nzeri]] kfsd6kep3fv4rw3wgdxsffsw1yiz1m0 0 2926 12944 2010-12-23T21:32:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nzeri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nzeri]] kfsd6kep3fv4rw3wgdxsffsw1yiz1m0 0 2927 12945 2010-12-23T21:32:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nzeri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nzeri]] kfsd6kep3fv4rw3wgdxsffsw1yiz1m0 0 2928 78021 65695 2021-08-20T02:43:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry octobre.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa cumi</font>]] '''Ukwakira''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''October'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Octobre'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa cumi''' , '''ukwezi kw’icumi''' [[Dosiye:Julian to Gregorian Date Change.png|center|thumb|480x480px|calender]] [[Category:Ukwakira| ]] cy6o6h04w10ekiw4fxp15xbyeiq4vvg 0 2929 12947 2010-12-23T21:35:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ukwakira]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukwakira]] qtfpjge1fogzt7zxq0y4dyrrt8z57f0 0 2930 12948 2010-12-23T21:35:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ukwakira]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukwakira]] qtfpjge1fogzt7zxq0y4dyrrt8z57f0 0 2931 78019 64879 2021-08-20T02:39:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry novembre.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe</font>]] '''Ugushyingo''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''November'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Novembre'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa cumi na kumwe''' , '''ukwezi kwa cumi na rimwe''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] [[Category:Ugushyingo| ]] 0zg070hsep7f27hgxvu60y54pigv0tk 0 2932 15447 12950 2011-01-01T01:19:54Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ugushyingo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ugushyingo]] 3u6cp2e2yebrm1mq9coeepaf4mezh4p 0 2933 15448 12951 2011-01-01T01:20:01Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ugushyingo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ugushyingo]] 3u6cp2e2yebrm1mq9coeepaf4mezh4p 0 2934 78020 65578 2021-08-20T02:41:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry décembre.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ukwezi kwa cumi n'abiri</font>]] '''Ukuboza''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''December'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Décembre'' ) cyangwa '''[[ukwezi]] kwa cumi n'abiri''' , '''ukwezi kwa cumi na kabiri''' [[Dosiye:2014-2015 SAU25 School Year.pdf|center|thumb|414x414px|calender]] [[Category:Ukuboza| ]] 1mmn831jxd2niin4dpuybv5ef79t28u 0 2935 12953 2010-12-23T21:42:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ukuboza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukuboza]] cyx68jf9q4wmfvhxr18o0h3jn74s98p 0 2936 12954 2010-12-23T21:42:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ukuboza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukuboza]] cyx68jf9q4wmfvhxr18o0h3jn74s98p 0 2937 64881 59712 2013-03-07T20:38:25Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 150 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q573]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A day panorama - digital art.jpg|thumb|600px|<font color="grey">Umunsi</font>]] '''Umunsi''' * [[iminsi y'imibyizi]] [[Category:Iminsi]] czw9xmbf3oprbbi8qvnrsz30vesukfn 0 2938 83348 81694 2022-05-11T16:59:48Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikigapkigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cécile Kayirebwa''' (yavutse kuwa 22 Ukwakira 1946) ni Umwanditsi, umusizi, n'umuririmbyikazi w'umunyarwanda.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/cecile-kayirebwa-aritegura-gushyira-hanze-igitabo-cye-cya-mbere-yise-wowe-utuma-mpimba-kizaba-gikubiyemo-ibisigo-bye/</ref> [[Dosiye:Cecile_Kayirebwa.jpg|thumb|Cecile Kayirebwa]] == Ubuzima bwite == '''Cecile Kayirebwa''' ni umuvukarwanda wa mbere werekanyeko umuziki utazanywe mu [[Rwanda]] n’abazungu. Yamenyekanishije ubwiza bw’umuziki gakondo w’u Rwanda mu mahanga kandi kugeza n’ubu ntawe uramuhiga, Ariganwa ariko ntarashyikirwa. Cécile Kayirebwa yavutse muri 1946 I [[Kigali]]. Kuri iki gihe,abantu bari babayeho mu mahoro nubwo u Rwanda rwari ku ngoyi y’umukoloni. Se yayoboraga chorale ya paroisse akanigisha abana be indirimbo mu kinyarwanda n’ikilatini. Ageze muri secondaire yabaye umwe mu bashinze ''Rwandan Song and Dance Circle'' ; Ni bwo yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo gakondo atangira no guhimba ize bwite yishimisha, azitura inshuti ze cyangwa azinyujije kuri Radio [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://rushyashya.net/cecile-kayirebwa-aritegura-gushyira-hanze-igitabo-cye-cya-mbere-yise-wowe-utuma-mpimba-kizaba-gikubiyemo-ibisigo-bye/</ref> Akazi ke nka ''assistante sociale'' katumye ahura n’abantu bo mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu n’ubwiza bw’umuco gakondo n’ubuvanganzo bitandukanye. Yatangiye gukorana n’abaririmbyi n’abacuranzi cyane cyane ab’inanga. Nk’umuntu ujijutse, yatangiye kubona ko umuziki gakondo nyarwanda ushobora kuzatakaza agaciro, afata icyemezo cyo kuwuteza imbere no kuwumenyekanisha hose utarazimira. *[[1973]] : Ibintu byatangiye kumera nabi mu gihugu Cécile n’umugabo we bahungira mu Bubiligi aho akiri kugeza n’ubu ; kubona impapuro z’icumbi (les papiers de séjour) ntibyamworoheye. Yanahuye n’ivangura (''racisme'') ; *Hagati ya 1975 na 1980, yashinze itorero Inyange ryari rigizwe n’abagabo n’abagore. Nibwo twavuga ko yatangiye gutekereza ku kuririmba nk’umwuga ; *Muri 1981 nibwo yasohoye cassette ya mbere yari yarakorewe mu Bubiligi. Iyi yaje gukurikirwa n’izindi muri 1983 na 1986; *Hagati aho ariko muri [[1983]] yari yaratangiye kwiga ibyerekeye n’umuziko gakondo wa kinyarwanda muri Musée Royal d’ Afrique Centrale (Tervuren) ; naho muri 1984 yatangiye gukorana na groupe Bula Sangoma kugeza na n’ubu ; *1986 ; yakinnye muri film ‘’Umulisa’’ *Muri 1987 yazenguritse u Rwanda na Uganda ari kumwe na Orchestre Ingeli yitabira n’ibirori byo kwibuka Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa byari byateguwe n’abanyarwanda babaga mu Busuwisi ; *[[1988]]: yumvise ko nyina arwaye cyane ahita agaruka mu Rwanda ariko atinzwa mu nzira bituma asanga umukecuru yarangije kuvamo umwuka ; *Mu 1990 yasohoye cassette ye ya kane ’’Ubumanzi ‘’ yakunzwe bitangaje, anakora tournée y’amezi ane anakora ibitaramo byo gufasha imfubyi n’abarwaye SIDA ; *Muri 1994 nibwo yasohoye album ya nyayo yitwa ‘’Rwanda’’ mu nzu yitwa Globestyle yari ikubiyemo zimwe mu ndirimbo za cassette zabanje ; N’ubwo yakoze iki gikorwa kitoroshye ariko yababajwe cyane n'ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda aho Interahamwe zicaga abatutsi n'abahutu bashira mu gaciro mugihe FPR-Inkotanyi zari zatangije intambara yo kubohoza i gihugu. Kayirebwa nawe yatakaje abantu benshi yari azi. Ikindi ni uko muri iyi album yaririmbaga ubwiza bw’u Rwanda nk’igihugu abana bacyo bagomba kwitangira no kubanamo mu mahoro. Muri iyi album harimo indirimbo nka Rwanamiza,Tarihinda,Kana,Inkindi,Mundeke Mbaririmbire,Urusamaza,Rubyiruko,Umulisa,Cyusa,Ndare na Umunezero.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=cecile+kayirebwa+amateka+&rlz=1C1SQJL_enRW929RW929&sxsrf=ALiCzsZJpTafqyqiIz4TYRd_jVeeFU8-rQ%3A1652288306012&ei=Mut7YowdtoC6vg_us7P4CQ&ved=0ahUKEwiM_q7M9df3AhU2gM4BHe7ZDJ8Q4dUDCA0&uact=5&oq=cecile+kayirebwa+amateka+&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABMggIIRAWEB0QHjoHCAAQRxCwAzoHCAAQsAMQQzoFCAAQgAQ6BggAEBYQHjoECAAQEzoICAAQFhAeEBNKBAhBGABKBAhGGABQ-AJYyBJg_RRoAXABeACAAd4DiAHvFpIBBTMtNy4xmAEAoAEByAEGwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz</ref> Nyuma ya 1994 cecile Kayirebwa yagaragaye nk'umuntu waririmbaga indirimbo zikurura amacakubiri mu banyarwanda. Izo ndirimbo zirimo amarenga acibwa aganisha mu kunnyega abahutu bivanze n'agasuzuguro no kurata abatutsi mu buryo bwuzuyemo ubwishongozi n'ubwirasi. Zimwe muri izo ndirimbo harimo "Inzovu", "Ubumanzi", "Ngire nte?" na Mpore wararaye". Umuco w'ivangura wakomeje kuranga Kayirebwa, watumye mu itorero rye hatarangwamo umuhutu n'umwe. Ikindi cyavuzwe kuri Kayirebwa ni ugucuruza abangavu b'abanyarwanda mu bihugu by'i Burayi bagakoreshwa nk'indaya. Ibi byatumye abanyarwanda benshi bamuzinukwa, bigera aho mu mwaka wa 2012, byandikwa ko ari kwanduranya mu zabukuru, aho yaregaga ibitangazamakuru byo mu Rwanda ko ngo bicuranga indirimbo ze batamwishyuye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.ireme.net/habayeho-gutsindagurana-hagati-yumuhanzi-kayirebwa-namaradiyo-yajyanye-mu-nkiko/ |accessdate=2013-09-07 |archive-date=2013-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003210940/http://www.ireme.net/habayeho-gutsindagurana-hagati-yumuhanzi-kayirebwa-namaradiyo-yajyanye-mu-nkiko/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Muri ayo mahari, Kayirebwa yanarezemo isosiyeti ya RwandaAir ko ngo icuranga indirimbo ze nta ruhushya mu ngendo z'indege zayo zerekeza muri Nigeria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.rwandan-flyer.com/blog/lire-article-417104-9776674-after_rwandans_medias__the_rwanda_singer_cecile_ka.html |accessdate=2013-09-07 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515132827/http://www.rwandan-flyer.com/blog/lire-article-417104-9776674-after_rwandans_medias__the_rwanda_singer_cecile_ka.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *[[1998]]: yitabiriye “Fespad” ya mbere i Kigali *[[1999]]: yitabiriye “Robben Island Event” I Cap muri Afurika y’epfo. *[[2001]]: yitabiriye « Holocaust Memorial Event » i London anasohora “Rwanda Rugali” *[[2002]]: yasohoye album ye ya 2 “Amahoro” ahita anakora tournée muri Amerika ya ruguru (USA, Canada); *[[2005]]: yasohoye CD,”Ibihozo’’ *[[2006]]: Yaririmbye soundtrack ya film “Shooting Dogs” mu muziki wahimbwe na Dario Marianelli. == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20171119051132/http://africanmusiciansprofiles.com/CecileKayirebwa.htm <span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span> [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] [[Category:Abagore]] 4wevutdsfci23qtvahbtyd4vxkxom8c 14 2939 64882 61651 2013-03-07T20:38:47Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 190 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8255]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons|Category:Music}} [[Category:Umuryango]] [[Category:Ubugeni]] rgag29z9hxb5xa20gp9r24tvstfmb4s 0 2940 12967 2010-12-23T22:43:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Cécile Kayirebwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cécile Kayirebwa]] n216mie0tul7114s8y8jc1x50zzbn12 0 2941 78199 77351 2021-08-23T14:44:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nativity tree.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Noheli</font>]] [[Dosiye:Wraxall_2013_MMB_A3_Christmas.jpg|thumb|Noheli]] '''Noheli''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Christmas'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Noël'' ) Ijambo Noheli rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Igifaransa “Noël”, naryo ryakomotse mu [[Kilatini]] “Natalis” bivuze “amavuka”. Mu Cyongereza Noheli ikaba “Christmas”. Mu Cyongereza, iri jambo ni inyunge (''compound'') aho rigizwe na “Christ” na “Mass”, aho rikomoka ku cyongereza cya kera “Christemass” nabyo biva ku cya kera cyane “Cristes mæsse” ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu 1038. Naryo rikaba rikomoka mu Kigereki n’Ikilatini, aho "Cristes" bikomoka ku Kigereki “Christos” na"mæsse" rikava ku Lilatini “missa”. Mu bihugu bindi bigira umubare muto w’[[Abakristu]], naho ngo ntibibuza ko uyu munsi wa Noheli uba ari konji. Igihugu nka [[Korea]], ahagaragara umubare muke w’Abakristu, ngo usanga bizihiza Noheli ku buryo budasanzwe, kuko mu gihugu hose uhasanga imitako y’uyu munsi. Ibihugu bitizihiza umunsi wa Noheli ni nk’igihugu cy’[[Ubushinwa]] (havuyemo [[Hongo Kongo]] na [[Macao]]), [[Ubuyapani]], [[Arabiya Sawudite]], [[Aligeriya]], [[Tayilande]], [[Nepali]], [[Irani]], [[Turukiya]] na [[Koreya ya Ruguru]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amateka ya Noheli, ivuka rya Yesu/Yezu Kristu, Mugabo Lambert |url=http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=145&cat=3&storyid=4076 |accessdate=2010-12-23 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728134032/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=145&cat=3&storyid=4076 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Notes == <references group="i" /> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.igihe.com/news-9-18-1737.html Amateka ya Noheli] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728164303/http://shiyarwanda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=607:1&catid=70:1&Itemid=99 Abakristu bo mu Rwanda bijihije umunsi mukuru wa Noheli] [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] ams24oxddrs6e46o2m5e1v34sche33x 14 2942 67392 64884 2013-03-17T06:31:21Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[tl:Kategorya:Pananampalataya]] (strong connection between (2) [[rw:Category:Iyobokamana]] and [[tl:Kategorya:Relihiyon]]) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons|Category:Religion}} [[Category:Umuryango]] iebdvrlbk5piy05o5y1vl2eh8rnufix 14 2943 64885 62923 2013-03-07T20:39:36Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 191 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1410903]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] ifdlqc7m79ogt4645vo578x862txtoc 0 2944 77840 68160 2021-08-18T01:06:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Juvénal Habyarimana (1980).jpg|thumb|habyarimana Juvenal]] '''Revolusiyo ya kabiri ya 1973''' <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 www.kituochakatiba.org Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu]</ref> yatangiranye n’ihirikwa ku butegetsi bwa. Perezida [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] na Général [[Juvénal Habyalimana]], Umukuru w’Ingabo z’Igihugu akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo muri Gouvernement ye akanaba n’umuhutu mugenzi we. Kayibanda n’abajyanama be bakomeye bahise bafungishwa ijisho. Yishwe n’inzara imyaka itatu ishize. Urebye Habyalimana yakomeje umugambi wari warateguwe na mugenzi we wamubanjirije. Gutoteza no guheza [[abatutsi]], mu kuyobya uburari ahisha igisirikare cye kugirango yemeze abantu ubutegetsi bwe nk’umusivili, habyalimana yahimbye ishyaka rye Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le Développement (MRND) mu [[1975]]. ibi byahurije hamwe ingufu za Revolution ya kabiri mu Rwanda. Imyaka itatu nyuma yahoo mu [[1978]] habyalimana atangaza ko ishyaka rye ariryo shyaka ryonyine rya politike mu Rwanda. Habyarimana yagumye ku butegetsi mu Rwanda imyaka ikurikiyeho 21 kugeza ku italiki ya [[6 Mata]] [[1994]]. [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Politiki]] [[Dosiye:Gaspard Cyimana, Gregoire Kayibanda, Soapy Williams, and John Kennedy.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|kayibanda]] == Notes == <references/> 59yaccbvsyo91ihrv56fxfkqcf4z8hi 0 2945 81440 78438 2022-01-31T10:50:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Batwa2.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutwa</span>]] [[File:Batwa women in Burundi.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Abatwakazi</span>]] '''Abatwa''' bakaba bari mu bwoko bw’abo bita aba ''pygmés''. Ni bagufi mu gihagararo bakaba banabarwa mu bantu batuye bwa mbere mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari byo muri Afurika yo hagati nkuko ubasanga i [[Burundi]], [[RDC]] no mu [[Rwanda]]. Abatwa bakaba bafitanye isano n’andi moko y’[[abapygmés]] bo muri ako karere. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|thumb|Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] N’ubwo Abatwa bavuga i[[kinyarwanda]] nk’[[abahutu]] n’[[abatutsi]], banenwa n’abandi baturage nkaho ntacyo bavuze. Abatwa ni 3% y’abaturage b’uRwanda kandi bakaba bafite uruhare ruto cyane muri [[politiki]] y’igihugu.<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2012 – Gashyantare, 2013] </ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Umuryango]] 1l7mlmgv7yl8zob57ln9k0catfhgswi 0 2946 81666 77499 2022-01-31T11:25:09Z Minorax 8248 /* External links */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:University_of_Dar_es_Salaam_(2823305408).jpg|thumb|187x187px|Prof. '''Chris Maina Peter''' ni umwarimu muri kaminuza nkuru ya Dar es salaam muri Tanzania.]] Prof. '''Chris Maina Peter''' ([[14 Mata]] [[1954]]) ni Umwarimu w’Amategeko akaba ariwe ukuriye Komite ishinzwe gufasha mu by’amategeko muri Kaminuza ya [[Dar es Salaam]]. Niwe umaze gusimburwa ku mwanya w’inama y’ubutegetsi ya Kituo Cha katiba akanaba umwe mu bari bagize inama y’ubuetegetsi ya Kituo Cha Katiba. Niwe wari ayoboye Misiyo yo mu Rwanda; YAnditse ku burenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu n’amategekonshinga mu karere k’Iburasirazuba. Imirimo ye irimo ''The Goldenberg Affair in Kenya: A Peoples’ Opinion'' (''With Justice Samuel Wako Wambuzi and Prof. Joseph Oloka-Onyango''), 2005; Constitutionalism & Transition: African and Eastern European Perspectives (''wWith Prof. Joseph Oloka-Onyango''), 2004; ''Constitutional Review Process in Kenya: A Report of a Fact-Finding Mission'' (Compiled and Edited with Prof. Edward F. Ssempebwa), 2003 and ''Constitutionalism in East Africa: Progress, Challenges and Prospects'' (''With Kivutha Kibwana and Nyangabyaki Bazaara''). Iyi mirimo yose yakozwe mu rwego rwa Kituo Cha Katiba. <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> [[Dosiye:Nkrumah_Hall,_University_of_Dar_es_Salaam.jpg|thumb|176x176px|Inzu mberabyombi ya kaminuza ya Dar es salaam izwi nka Nkrumah Hall.]] == Notes == <references/> == External links == *[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/elections2007/Peter.pdf Curriculum Vitae, Prof. Chris Maina Peter (Tanzania)] <span style="color:grey;">(mu Cyongereza)</span> *[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/.../ChrisMainaPeter.pdf Advance Unedited Version, Mr. Chris Maina Peter (Tanzania)] <span style="color:grey;">(mu Cyongereza)</span> [[Category:Abagabo]] 7apjcanv6w5e063c5bwi5r5eht41r0i 0 2947 79154 77509 2021-08-31T09:13:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Data_Journalism_day.jpg|thumb|Umuryango w'abanyamakuru mu gihugu cya Uganda aho Edith Kibalama yahoze akora umwuga w'ubunyamakuru.|168x168px]] [[Dosiye:Makerere_University_Jinja_Campus.jpg|thumb|Edith Kibalama yize muri kaminuza ya Uganda izwi ku izina Makerere |157x157px]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|uganda]] '''Edith Kibalama''' ni Umuyobozi wa Porogaramu muri [[Kituo Cha Katiba]]. Ni Umunyamatageko wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ubizobereyemo akaba afite LL.B na LL.M yakuye muri [[Kaminuza ya Makerere]], [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]. Yakoze ubushakashatsi anagira uruhare mu bintu by’itegekanshinga n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu muri Uganda no mu karere ka [[Afurika y’Iburasirazuba]]. Ibitabo yanditse zirimo “Opening up into a ''Cul-de-Sac'': The State of Constitutionalism in Uganda in 2002,” in JJUUKO, Frederick (ed.), ''Constitutionalism in East Africa: Progress, Challenges and Prospects in 2002'', Kampala: Fountain Publishers and Kituo Cha Katiba, 2005; and “Affirmative Action and the Status of Women in Uganda,” Volume 6 No. 1 ''East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights'' (HURIPEC – Makerere University Kampala, Uganda). <ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Abagore]] hyqjxoi6eiknr7va5de5wnjrur1ka8p 14 2948 65444 60306 2013-03-11T10:25:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6697530]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuzima]] jm9f4puqss3kf4lmmxdid9g65e0qj0h 0 2949 77139 72712 2021-08-08T01:32:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Political Map of Africa.svg|thumb|africa]] '''Kituo Cha Katiba''' (KcK)<ref>[http://www.kituochakatiba.org/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=1199&Itemid=36 Ugushakisha Ukuri n’Ubumuntu, Kituo Cha Katiba, Nyakanga, 2004 – Gashyantare, 2006] </ref> yatangijwe mu mwaka wa 1997 itangirana umugambi wo kwinjiza amatwara yo gukora amategeko nshinga na n’imiyoborere ya [[demokarasi]] mu karere ka [[afurika]] y’iburasirazuba. KcK itanga ubwisanzure ku baharanira inyungu zitandukanye, abari mu by’amashuri n’abanyapolitiki mu kwitabira ibiganiro, mu bitekerezo byo kwisuzuma ku bibazo by’ingutu bitandukanye bifite akamaro muri iki gihe. Imurongo wa KcK n’uguharanira ko imiryango itegamiye kuri leta yakwitabira imitunganyirize y’imiyoborere ikanigisha umuco wa [[demokarasi]] ihuje n’ibyifuzo n’ibyo rubanda rusanzwe rukeneye kandi ikanakrurikirana y’uko imiyoborere ya demokarasi ikoreshwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi,guhera mu rugo, bigakomereza ku kazi, mu kagali, lmu gihugu no muri Afurika yo hagati muri rusange. KcK iyoborwa n’inama y’ubutegetsi igizwe n’banya [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya]] ndetse na [[Zanzibar]]. Ubunyamamabanga bwayo ubu ubukaba bukorera I [[Kampala]] muri Uganda. Muri iyi myaka itatu ishize, KcK yakoze misiyo z’ubushakashatsi muri Zanzibar, Kenya na Uganda. Misiyo yo muri Kenya yari iyobowe n’Umukuru wa komisiyo ya Uganda ishinzwe ivugurura ry’Itegekonshinga, Prof. [[Frederick Ssempebwa]], Misiyo yo muri Uganda yari iyobowe n’uwari Umujyanama w4umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Liberia, Prof. [[Haroub Othman]] wo muri Zanzibar; Miyiyo yo muri Zanzibar yari iyobowe na Hon. [[Abubaker Zein]], umwe mu bagize komisiyo yo kuvugurura itegekonshinga rya Kenya.Raporo z’izo misiyo zose zarafashije cyane mu mirimo irimo gukorwa yo guteza imbere Amategeko nshinga. Misiyo yo mu Rwanda nayo yari muri urwo rwego. Abagize misiyo bwa mbere baje mu [[Rwanda]] kva ku itariki ya 21 kugeza ku ya 26 Kamena 2004. Misiyo ikurikira yabaye kuva ku itariki ya 20 kugeza ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2004.Impanvu ya misiyo ya kabiri yari iyo kuganira nabo bireba bose misiyo ya mbere itari yabashije kubona ku nshuro ya mbere, cyane cyane imiryango ishinigye ku kwemera n’izindi minisiteri z’ifatizo. Misiyo yo kwimenyereza no kubonana n’abantu batandukanye yari yakozwe ishingiye kuko uretse ko hari imipakaisanzwe, u Rwanda rwari rumwe na Afurika y’iburasirazuba, urebeye ku misanire y’imico, indimi n’imigenzo y’abatuye Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’abanyarwanda. Kubera izo mpanvu, ibibazo by’u Rwanda ni ibibazo bya Afurika y’I Ubrasirazuba bikbba bikeneye igisubizo kimwe nka Afurika y’I burasirazuba. Icya kabiri, uhereye kuko u Rwanda rwari rugiye kwinjira mu muryango w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bye Kenya, Uganda na Uganda mu byo bise ''East African Community'' (EAC, [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]]), KcK nk’umwe mu bafatanyije na EAC n’indi miryango itari iya leta (ONG), yumvise ari inshingano zayo gushyira u Rwanda muri gahunda zayo. Icya gatatu, [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] yazahaje cyane abaturage b’u Rwanda inasiga ingaruka zikomeye mu mibereho y’[[abanyarwanda]]. Nubwo habayeho imbaraga zishimishije mu gusana u Rwanda nk’igihugu, KcK yasanze ari ngombwa gushimangira kurushaho umugambi wo kurusana. == Notes == {{Reflist}} == External links == *http://www.kituochakatiba.org/ [[Category:Sosiyete Sivili]] [[Category:Sosiyete Sivili mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Amashyirahamwe]] cfyole4z0a8rsztnjmspv0zxfngtxah 0 2950 15119 13060 2010-12-30T16:10:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 2951 13062 2010-12-24T15:53:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kituo Cha Katiba]] nzo23dkwcp1ln3i0bs4qrrbabpkfb4k 14 2952 67164 63258 2013-03-14T05:46:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 19 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7129776]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 0 2953 13077 2010-12-24T16:32:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rwanda]] 9fduurtag5zrw1wpogm3ledlqjjer8c 0 2954 15443 13097 2011-01-01T01:19:14Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] can0wf4pooo9uf64o4vgid0afft7qgo 14 2956 64887 62349 2013-03-07T21:00:34Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 136 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4095812]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 0 2957 79311 74043 2021-08-31T21:38:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Honduras (2008 Olympics).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Hondurasi</span>]] [[File:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Hondurasi</span>]] '''Hondurasi''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Hondurasi''' ni igihugu cyo muri [[Amerika]] yo hagati gifite ubuso bungana na km2 112 492 ndetse n’abaturage bagera kuri 7.792.854. Abaturage bacyo ni ubwoko bw’[[Abamestizos]] bagera kuri 98%, na ba kavukire bagera kuri 7% (ari bo [[Abamisikitos]], [[Abapech]], [[Abajikakis]], ndetse n’[[Abarenkas]]) n’abirabura bagera kuri 2% ; ndetse n’abera bagera kuri 1%. Ururimi rukoreshwa muri rusange ni [[Icyesipanyole]], nkuko hari n’izindi ndimi za kavukire. Idini ikomeye cyane ni iya Gaturika y’i Roma 85%, hagakurikiraho 10%, n’utundi tutsiko natwo tugize 5%. [[Dosiye:Panorama de Santa Rita, Yoro, Honduras.jpg|center|thumb|520x520px|citizen]] Ubutumwa bw’Ivugurura bwageze muri Hondurasi mu mwaka 1960 ari na bwo mwene data Silivestre Cabanillas ndetse n’abandi babwiririshaga ubutumwa ibitabo bahatangizaga uwo murimo. Mu mwaka wa 1963 itorero ryahawe ibyangombwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta yaho, kandi uhereye ubwo, ni bwo Honduras yahindutse umubibyi w’imbuto muri Amerika yo hagati yose. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fi0rvt8azk9766gmn0kzd5l81nl3sx9 0 2958 77824 65707 2021-08-18T00:13:43Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:White House.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Perezidansi y’Amerika</font>]] '''Perezidansi y’Amerika''' cyangwa '''Perezidansi ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''White House'' ) Iyo nzu mwumva bita “White House”, tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda ni ukuvuga Ingoro y’umweru. Ni ingoro irimo ibiro n’ahantu ubaye Perezida wese wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] (USA) agomba gukorera akanaturamo we n’umuryango we. Iriya ngoro iri mu mujyi wa Washington DC (''District of Columbia'') irimo n’ibiro by’abandi bakozi bakora muri Perezidansi, ibibuga, ubusitani, pisine, aho barebera amacinamico, amafirimi n’ibindi byiza byinshi. Ku isi yose babona iyo ngoro nk’ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ubutegetsi bwa USA n’igitinyiro cy’igihugu urebye ukuntu umutekano wayo ucunzwe dore ko hari impuguke zivuga ko hari ibyogajuru bikora gusa akazi ko gucunga umutekano wayo. [[File:White House lawn.jpg|thumb|left|400px|<font color="grey">Perezidansi y’Amerika</font>]] [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|thumb|american flag]] Amateka y’iriya nzu atangirana n’igihe Perezida wa mbere wa USA, Bwana [[George Washington]] yajyaga ku butegetsi mu [[1789]]. Icyo gihe yakoreraga muri Hotel 2 zari mu Mujyi wa [[New York]]. Izo hotel ni iyitwaga [[Samuel Osgood]], yayibayemo kuva muri Mata 1789 kugeza muri Gashyantare [[1790]] ndetse n’indi yitwaga [[Alexander Macomb]] yakoreyemo kuva muri Gashyantare ukageza muri Kanama 1790. Mu kuboza 1790, perezida George Washington yasinye itegeko ry’Inteko ryavugaga ko icyicaro cy’ubutegetsi cya Leta ya USA kigomba kuba mu mujyi wa [[Philadelphia]] by’agateganyo mu gihe cy’imyaka 10. Ubwo bateganyaga ko iyo myaka ihagije kugira ngo icyicaro gikuru cya Leta y’Amerika kibe kirangiye kuzura i Washington DC. Umujyi wa Philadelphia wamukodeshereje Hotel yihariye yo gukoreramo yitwaga Robert Morris. Kuva muri Nzeri 1970 kugeza mu Werurwe 1979 perezida George Washington yabaye muri Hotel yitwaga Market Street. Iyo Hotel ngo yaje kuyikorera ivugurura ryamuhaye igitekerezo cy’uko White House izaba isa. George Washington afatanyije n’umuhanga we wari ushinzwe gutunganya imijyi witwa Pierre L’Enfant nibo bahisemo aho White House(Perezidansi y’Amerika) yubatse ubu ngubu. <ref>[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=9&cat=14&storyid=143 Perezidansi y'Amerika (White House) irengeje imyaka 200!, Sibo Martin] </ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika]] 4mm8snez85igxdzzb9kgi778828wwt2 0 2959 14469 13118 2010-12-29T01:30:51Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Perezidansi y’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Perezidansi y’Amerika]] 1k654kb6bgb5pkw5uy7zgb8ubzrggho 14 2960 13124 13123 2010-12-24T19:05:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] re96fb2ka94nq79ifyqid0jou0o6osi 14 2961 65646 64890 2013-03-11T10:41:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5755299]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 0 2962 79003 77570 2021-08-30T11:49:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:WikiLeaks-humor.png|thumb|WikiLeaks]] Inyandiko zigera ku 250 000 [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] zandikiye cyangwa zandikiwe n’ibihugu byo hanze zimwe muri zo zikubiyemo amabanga ya diplomatie akomeye zashyizwe ahagaragara n’urubuga rwa [[internet]] WikiLeaks kuri iki Cyumweru, ku buryo hari amwe mu mabanga akomeye yashyizwe ku karubanda, nk’igihe [[Arabia Saudite]] yandikiraga Leta Zunze Ubumwe izisaba kugaba igitero kuri [[Iran]]. Amakuru dukesha AFP aratumenyesha ko White House yamaganye ishyirwa ahagaragara ry’izo nyandiko ivuga ko rishobora guteza akaga, ivuga ko iki gikorwa cya WikiLeaks gishobora guteza ibibazo ku bantu bamwe na bamwe bishobora no kubaviramo kwicwa. Ibinyamakuru byinshi bikomeye byo ku isi nta yindi nkuru ikomeye iri kuvugwa kurenza igikorwa cya WikiLeaks. Ikinyamakuru New York Times cyo cyatangaje ko izo nyandiko zigaragaza ku buryo busesuye imiterere y’ibivugirwa hanze y’amanama hagati ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu, ndetse n’imikorere ya za ambasade za Amerika ku isi yose. <ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-7-26-8829.html Urubuga WikiLeaks rwongeye gushyira Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu bibazo] </ref> [[Dosiye:OccupyWallStreet_WikiLeaks_Truck.jpg|thumb|134x134px|Imodoka itwara inyandiko (WikiLeaks Truck)]] Mu Nyanja y’u [[Buhinde]] hakambitse abasirikare b’Abafaransa bashinzwe gukurikiranira hafi u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n’ibihugu birukikije, ubu bukaba ari bumwe mu buryo bushya bwashyiriweho gukurikiranira hafi ibihugu bya [[Afurika]], nk’uko byashyizwe ahagaragara n’urubuga Wikileaks rukomeje kumena hanze amabanga ya bimwe mu bihugu by’ibihangange ku isi, by’umwihariko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Igikorwa kizwi giheruka cyakozwe n’ingabo z’[[Abafaransa]] mu Rwanda ni “Opération Turquoise” mu 1994 ubwo ingabo z’Abafaransa zigera ku 2550 zambukaga zikinjira mu Rwanda zinyuze mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda bavuga ko bari bagamije kurinda abaturage b’abasivile, ariko icyegeranyo cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’u Rwanda muri Kanama 2008 cyiswe “Raporo Mucyo” cyabigaragaje ukundi kuko cyashinje izo ngabo kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bw’Abatutsi ndetse no gufata abagore b’Abatutsikazi bari barokotse ku ngufu.<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-7-11-9871.html Wikileaks: Igisirikare cy’u Bufaransa nacyo ngo gikurikiranira hafi u Rwanda] </ref> == Notes == <references/> == External links == * [http://www.wikileaks.ch WikiLeaks] [[Category:Interineti]] ln63pcnzqr5yjitgfnnimjpdmk2z542 14 2963 68761 37726 2014-04-18T16:05:12Z Glaisher 3907 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/122.110.181.214|122.110.181.214]] ([[User talk:122.110.181.214|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Kmoksy|Kmoksy]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Interineti]] 4uwkxtjhw3bjcq4sk4m4lp6i19ronl8 14 2965 64892 63587 2013-03-07T21:01:30Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 203 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457595]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 0 2967 72811 72286 2020-08-04T14:48:50Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Football iu 1996.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umupira w’amaguru</font>]] [[File:La mejor Hinchada de Futbol Argentino.jpg|thumb|250px|Mu mupira w'amaguru, intego y'ibanze y'abafana ni ugushishikariza ikipe yabo mugihe cy'umukino]] [[File:Boys_playing_street_football_in_Egypt.jpg|thumb|Boys playing street football in Egypt]] [[File:Football_Playing.jpg|thumb|Football Playing]] '''Umupira w’amaguru''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Football'' ) ni [[umukino]]. Muri iki gihe hari byinshi bivugwa ku buryo amategeko y’umupira w’amaguru asigaye ateye, ibi akenshi bigaragara iyo igitego cyanzwe, nibwo abafana bava ku kibuga bijujuta bikomeye cyane bavuga ko bibwe, maze bakishyiriramo abasifuzi nyamara abasifuzi baba barengana kuko akenshi iyo babonye ibyabereye mu kibuga neza bitabacitse baba bakurikije amategeko ya [[FIFA]] nkuko abivuga. Iyo witegereje neza ukareba itegeko rya 11 rivuga amakosa, hari byinshi ritwereka nko mu gika cyaryo cya mbere aho basobanura ikosa icyo ari cyo. Abantu bakunda umupira w’amaguru. Uko bigenda ahantu hose ku isi hari ''coach'' (umutoza) ushinzwe ibyo mu kibuga hakaba ''Team manager'' (umyobozi ushinzwe kumenya ibibazo by’abakinnyi ndetse n’uburyo bahagaze ku mikinire), ''coach'' (umutoza) afite ushinzwe kumenya ''Forme manager'' (ushinzwe kumenya uko abakinnyi bahagaze) z’abakinnyi akamenya ni ba ''coach'' (umutoza) atanga imyitozo, akanahuza ''coach'' (umutoza) na ''Direction'' (ubuyobozi) nk’iyo hari ikibazo. Ariko mu guhamagara abakinnyi ni ''coach'' (umutoza) ubahamagara, ariko ''team manager'' (ushinzwe kureba uburyo abakinnyi bahagaze) aba yararangije kumubwira abafite ''forme'' (abahagaze neza), donc (ni ukuvuga) by’umvikana ko ari ibintu bitatu bitandukanye kandi ''team manager'' (ushinzwe abakinnyi) hari n’abatamushaka bagashyiraho ''directeur technique'' (umuyobozi ushinzwe tekinike). [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru| ]] bmhrnu5d29hff6ce2ox1o5ceym2kj7k 0 2969 76913 76667 2021-08-03T05:58:43Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Rayon_sport_.jpg|Rayon_sport_.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], found elsewhere on the web and unlikely to be own work ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]). wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rayon Sport Uniform.JPG|thumb|Rayon sport]] '''Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda''' <ref>http://www.igihe.com/news-16-54-9316.html</ref><ref>http://www.izuba.org.rw/index.php?issue=389&article=14005</ref> (izina mu Cyongereza ''Primus National Football League'') amwe mu makipe ayikina: 1.APR FC<ref>http://www.igihe.rw/imikino/football/article/apr-fc-ishobora-gukorera-umwiherero-muri-maroc</ref> 2.Rayon Sport<ref>https://mail.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-igiye-kuyoborwa-n-abantu-29-barimo-na-murenzi-abdallah </ref> 3.Muhanga FC <ref>http://en.igihe.com/sports/as-muhanga-stun-police-fc-as-apr-fc-are-crowned</ref> 4.Police FC<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/police-fc</ref> 5.Mukura Victory Sport<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/mukura-coach-suspended-amidst-relegation-battle</ref> 6.Marine FC<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/premier-league-marines-targets-top-five-finish</ref> 7.Musanze FC<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/musanze-fc</ref> 8.As Kigali<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/jimmy-mulisa-yamaze-kwerekeza-muri-as-kigali</ref> 9.Kiyovu Sport<ref>http://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nyirinkindi-saleh-mu-muryango-usohoka-muri-kiyovu-sports</ref> 10.Gasogi FC <ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/gasogi-united-fc-ya-knc-igiye-kugura-ikipe-mu-cyiciro-cya-kabiri</ref> == Notes == <references/> == Links == * [http://ferwafa.com/ ferwafa.com] [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] 5o8c68l2994w1zjkzk2z0lj2vwpx0gv 0 2970 13170 2010-12-24T21:27:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] 8o0zi9qiqqfl6uofn85u1osyen64n9f 0 2972 78921 76889 2021-08-29T12:23:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda FA.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya FERWAFA </span>]] [[Dosiye:Iranzi amavubi 2016.jpg|thumb|Iranzi]] '''Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru mu Rwanda''' (FERWAFA) ni ishyirahamwe ry’[[umupira w’amaguru]]. [[Dosiye:Rwanda.jpg|alt=ferwafa|center|thumb|720x720px|Ferwafa]] [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] ra4eup6vndwxoaa5seuaom9rthlwhiz 0 2974 15628 13180 2011-01-02T00:56:59Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda]] 7atp8hgtx2dwdxvcne70pxwiziu4vtf 0 2975 77568 77556 2021-08-13T17:24:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coach_McKinstry_with_Rwanda_National_Team,_Sept_2015.jpg|thumb|Umutoza McKinstry watoje ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda , Sept 2015]] Ikipe nkuru y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya ruhago, iri mu nshingano za Federasiyo y'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda kandi ikaba imwe mu zigize Federasiyo Nyafurika y'umpira w'amaguru muri Afrika. Amavubi ahanini yitoreza muri stade Amahoro iherereye i Kigali, mu murwa mukuru w' u Rwanda. [[Dosiye:Iranzi_amavubi_2016.jpg|thumb|201x201px|Umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu amavubi Iranzi amavubi 2016]] == Amateka == Amavubi yitabiriye bwa mbere amarushanwa y'igikombe Nyafurika cya ruhago muri 2004 .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3438195.stm|title=Rwanda's football mercenaries|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|date=28 January 2004|access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref> . Umukino wa mbere Amavubi yaguye miswi na Guinea <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3433831.stm|title=Rwanda snatch dramatic point|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|date=28 January 2004|access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref> igitego kimwe kuri kimwe, nyuma yaje gutsindwa na Tunisia ibitego bibiri kuri kimwe, ndetse itsinda Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo igitego kimwe ku busa. Nyamara ibyo ntibyari bihagije ngo u Rwanda rukomeze kuko rwaje gusezererwa<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3448083.stm|title=Rwanda dumped out|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|date=31 January 2004|access-date=18 January 2013}}</ref>. == Amazina == Mu mikino ya FIFA u Rwanda rugaragazwa n'ijambo: "'''RWA".''' Iri jambo rikoreshwa kandi na [[FIFA]], [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ndetse na [[Council for East and Central Africa Football Associations|CECAFA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=rwa/countryInfo.html|title=Member Association&nbsp;– Rwanda|website=FIFA.com|publisher=FIFA|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref> U Rwanda rwakunzwe kurangwa kandi n'ijambo: "'''RR'''," bisobanuye, ''Repubulika y'u Rwanda'' cyangwa ''République du Rwanda mu'' rurimi rw'igifaransa. == Ibikombe == * '''[[CECAFA Cup|Igikombe cya CECAFA]]''': ** Umwanya wa mbere (1): [[1999 CECAFA Cup|1999]] ** Bageze kuri finali (6): [[2003 CECAFA Cup|2003]], [[2005 CECAFA Cup|2005]], [[2007 CECAFA Cup|2007]], [[2009 CECAFA Cup|2009]], [[2011 CECAFA Cup|2011]], [[2015 CECAFA Cup|2015]]. == Amarushanwa == === Ubwitabire mu gikombe cy'Isi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="9" |[[FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup record]] ! rowspan="39" width="1%" | ! colspan="6" |[[FIFA World Cup qualification|FIFA World Cup Qualification record]] |- !Year !Round !Position !{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}}* !{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} |- |[[1930 FIFA World Cup|1930]] | colspan="8" rowspan="13" |''Ntibitabiriye amarushanwa'' | colspan="6" rowspan="13" |''Banze kwitabira amarushanwa'' |- |[[1934 FIFA World Cup|1934]] |- |[[1938 FIFA World Cup|1938]] |- |[[1950 FIFA World Cup|1950]] |- |[[1954 FIFA World Cup|1954]] |- |[[1958 FIFA World Cup|1958]] |- |[[1962 FIFA World Cup|1962]] |- |[[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966]] |- |[[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]] |- |[[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]] |- |[[1978 FIFA World Cup|1978]] |- |[[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]] |- |[[1986 FIFA World Cup|1986]] |- |[[1990 FIFA World Cup|1990]] | colspan="8" |''Bavuye mu marushanwa'' | colspan="6" |''Bavuye mu marushanwa'' |- |[[1994 FIFA World Cup|1994]] | colspan="8" |''Ntibitabiriye amarushanwa'' | colspan="6" |''Banze kwitabira amarushanwa'' |- |[[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] | colspan="8" rowspan="6" |''Ntibujuje ibisabwa ngo bitabire amarushanwa'' |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |5 |- |[[2002 FIFA World Cup|2002]] |2 |0 |1 |1 |2 |4 |- |[[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] |12 |2 |3 |7 |10 |17 |- |[[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010]] |10 |3 |2 |5 |8 |11 |- |[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]] |8 |1 |3 |4 |7 |13 |- |[[2018 FIFA World Cup|2018]] |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |4 |- |[[2022 FIFA World Cup|2022]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" |''Ntibiramenyekana'' | colspan="6" rowspan="2" |''Ntibiramenyekana'' |- |[[2026 FIFA World Cup|2026]] |- |'''Total''' | |'''0/21''' | | | | | | |'''36''' |'''6''' |'''9''' |'''21''' |'''29''' |'''54''' |} [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] 078yfq9h3lxn1uee84x74hst2f00a4a 0 2977 76903 76647 2021-08-03T05:57:47Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Inama_y'abaministiri.jpg|Inama_y'abaministiri.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], found elsewhere on the web and unlikely to be own work ([[:c:COM: wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inama y'Abaminisitiri''' y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe na Minisitiri w’intebe, abaminisitiri, abaminisitiri ba leta , n’abandi banyamuryango batowe na Perezida. Abagize Inama y'Abaminisitiri batoranijwe mu mitwe ya politiki hashingiwe ku myanya bafite mu mutwe w’abadepite, ariko abagize Guverinoma ntibashobora kuba muri uwo mutwe wabadepite. [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_Joint_Press_Statements,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018_(2).JPG|thumb|Minisiteri, Shri Narendra Modi na Peresida w'u Rwanda, H.E Paul Kagame i Kigali, Rwanda on July 23, 2018 ]] [[Dosiye:Rt.Hon._Dr._Edouard_Ngirente_-_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|323x323px|Rt.Hon. Dr. Edouard Ngirente - Minisitiri w'u Rwanda kuva 2017]] [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_delegation_level_talks,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018_(1).JPG|thumb|Inama y'abaminisitiri yateraniye i Kigali, Rwanda iyobowe na Perezida Paul Kagame July 23, 2018 ]] == Uburinganire == Mu 2018 inama y'Abaminisitiri yari igizwe na 50% byabagore, bityo u Rwanda hamwe na Etiyopiya biba ibihugu bibiri bya Afurika byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabo. Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] yagabanije umubare w’abaminisitiri uva kuri 31 ugera kuri 26 mu Kwakira 2018. == Abagize Guverinoma == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Ibiro ! scope="col" |Minisiteri ! scope="col" |Umuyobozi ! scope="col" |Italiki yinjiriyeho mu biro |- |Perezida |[[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Office of the President of Rwanda]] |'''[[Paul Kagame]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Werurwe 2000 |- |[[Prime Minister of Rwanda|Minisitiri w'intebe]] |OPM |'''[[Édouard Ngirente|Edouard Ngirente]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Kanama 2017 |- |Minisitiri w'Inzego z'Ibanze n'Imiyoborere myiza |Minaloc |'''Anastase Shyaka''' | style="text-align: right" |Ukwakira 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi |Minagri |'''[[Mukeshimana Gérardine|Gérardine Mukeshimana]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Nyakanga 2014 |- |Minisitiri w'Ububanyi n'Amahanga |Minaffet |'''[[Vincent Biruta]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Ugushyingo 2019 |- |Minisitiri w'Imari n'igenamigambi |Minecofin |'''Uzziel Ndagijimana''' | style="text-align: right" |Mata 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'Ingabo |MOD |'''Maj. Gen. Albert Murasira''' | style="text-align: right" |Ukwakira 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'Ubutabera |Minijust |'''Johnston Busingye''' | style="text-align: right" |Gicurasi 2013 |- |Minisitiri w'Ubuzima |MOH |'''Daniel Ngamije''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2020 |- |Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika |Minipresirep |'''[[Judith Uwizeye]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Kanama 2017 |- |Minister of Cabinet Affairs |Minicaaf |'''Inès Mpambara''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2020 |- |Minisitiri w'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda |Minicom |'''[[Soraya Hakuziyaremye]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Ukwakira 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'Uburezi |Mineduc |'''Valentine Uwamariya''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2020 |- |Minisitiri w'Ibikorwa Remezo |Mininfra |'''[[Claver Gatete]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Mata 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'Ibidukikije |MoE |'''Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya''' | style="text-align: right" |Kanama 2017 |- |Minisitiri wa Siporo |Minisports |'''[[Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Ugushyingo 2019 |- |Minisitiri w'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho no guhanga udushya |Minict |'''[[Paula Ingabire]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Ukwakira 2018 |- |Minisitiri w'urubyiruko |Miniyouth |'''[[Rosemary Mbabazi]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Kanama 2017 |- |Minisitiri w'Umurimo n'Abakozi ba Leta |Mifotra |'''Fanfan Rwanyindo Kayirangwa''' | style="text-align: right" |Kanama 2017 |- |Minisitiri w'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango |Migeprof |'''Jeannette Bayisenge''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2020 |- |Minister of Emergency Management |Minema |'''Marie-Solange Kayisire''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2020 |- |Umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u Rwanda |RDB |'''[[Clare Akamanzi]]''' | style="text-align: right" |Gashyantare 2017 |- |Permanent Representative to the United Nations |Minaffet |'''Valentine Rugwabiza''' | style="text-align: right" |Ukwakira 2016 |} == Abaminisitiri ba Leta == {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" |Ibiro ! scope="col" | Umuyobozi ! scope="col" | Itariki yinjiriyeho mu biro |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubuhinzi (Minagri) | Jean Chrysostome NGABITSINZE | style="text-align: right" | 2016 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco (MYCULTURE) | Edouard Bamporiki | style="text-align: right" | Ku ya 05 Ugushyingo 2019 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Amashuri Abanza n'Ayisumbuye (Mineduc) | Gaspard Twagirayezu | style="text-align: right" | Gashyantare 2020 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Inzego z'ibanze ashinzwe imibereho myiza (Minaloc) | Ignancienne Nyirarukundo | style="text-align: right" | Ku ya 05 Ugushyingo 2019 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubutabera ashinzwe ibibazo by’itegeko nshinga (Minijust) | Solina Nyirahabimana | style="text-align: right" | Gashyantare 2020 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo ashinzwe ingufu n’amazi (Mininfra) | TBA | style="text-align: right" | Ukwakira 2018 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta w’ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutwererane mu karere n’ibikorwa bya EAC (Minaffet) | Manase Nshuti | style="text-align: right" | Gicurasi 2020 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Ibikorwa Remezo ushinzwe gutwara abantu (Mininfra) | TBA | style="text-align: right" | Kanama 2017 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubuzima ashinzwe ubuzima rusange n’ubuvuzi bwibanze (MOH) | Tharcisse Mpunga | Gashyantare 2020 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imari ashinzwe igenamigambi ry'ubukungu (Minecofin) | Claudine Uwera | 24 Nyakanga 2014 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imari ashinzwe ikigega cy'igihugu (Minecofin) | Richard Tusabe | Gashyantare 2020 |- | Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe uburezi ushinzwe ICT & TVET (Mineduc) | Claudette Irere | Gashyantare 2020 |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/New-faces-and-experience-in-Kagame-government/4552908-4814894-a872raz/index.html Hanze y'abasirikare barinda: Isura nshya n'uburambe muri guverinoma ya Kagame] Kuva 20 Ukwakira 2018. [[Category:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] dgd0r71a6lpserp7ke83sci0phg44yl 0 2978 76132 75310 2021-07-18T21:40:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. '''Agnes Matilda Kalibata''' () ni Umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere mubijyanye n'ubuhinzi ndetse akaba yari minisitiri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’[[Ubworozi]] w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda kuva muri 2008 kugeza 2014<ref>[http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&Itemid=276&lang=rw Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources] </ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/12/un-under-fire-over-choice-of-corporate-puppet-as-envoy-at-key-food-summit</ref> Muri 2014, Kalibata yatorewe kuyobora Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) umuryango nyafurika ugamije kurwanya ubucye bw'imirire ndetse n'iterambere ry'abahinzi mu bihugu 11 by'Afurika.<ref>https://agra.org/zt_team/dr-agnes-kalibata-2/</ref> [[Dosiye:Agnes_Karibata.jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata]] [[File:Agnes_Kalibata_2019_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata 2019 (cropped)]] *[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalibata, Agnes Matilda}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagore]] bjn98o3al8hvsrh4d7p5j40w4ugo8ey 14 2980 65561 64202 2013-03-11T10:32:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 53 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6528290]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] 5ar2kdzld2xg5l0ubygds22ur5psz71 0 2981 13216 2010-12-24T23:31:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] 1utodu1ht55jbe1e9dqycaxrzi7b1b8 0 2982 13217 2010-12-24T23:32:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] 1utodu1ht55jbe1e9dqycaxrzi7b1b8 0 2983 81521 76384 2022-01-31T11:02:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iverson dribbling.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Allen Iverson</span>]] [[Dosiye:Allen_Iverson_headshot.jpg|thumb|Allen Iverson ]] '''Allen Iverson''' ([[7 Kamena]], [[1975]] - ), umukinnyi wamamaye cyane muri shampiyona y’[[umupira w’agatebo]] yo muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], biravugwa ko kuri ubu yaba ari kugana mu bukene bukabije nyuma y’aho aviriye muri [[NBA]] akajya gukina muri [[Turukiya]] mu ikipe [[Beşiktaş Cola Turka]]. Amakuru dukesha Philadelphia Inquirer aratumenyesha ko n’ubwo Iverson kuri ubu ari muri iyo kipe Beşiktaş, ntibiyibuza gutsindwa umusubizo, mu gihe ubwo yasinyishwaga contrat yo kuyikinamo, yaba abayobozi, abafana cyangwa abakinnyi bayikinamo, bose bari biruhukije bumva ko babonye Mesiya. <ref>http://www.igihe.com/news-16-55-8819.html</ref> == Notes == <references group="Allen Iverson" /> [[Category:Umupira w’agatebo]] 88eg9al4qf5ph7dnyf45sptv54l90oo 0 2984 79289 78148 2021-08-31T21:08:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:African_child_sports.jpg|thumb|Joseph Habineza yitabye Imana kuwa 20 /08/2021(dead)]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|300x300px|Rwanda]] '''Joseph Habineza''' () Minisitiri wa [[Siporo]] n’[[Umuco]] ( cyangwa w’Umuco na Siporo ; [[MINISPOC]] mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]) muri Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]]. == == *[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri]] == Imiyoboro == *[http://igihe.wikirwanda.org/news.php?groupid=7&news_cat_id=11&news_id=10659 Uwari Minisitiri wa Siporo n’ Umuco Joseph Habineza yatangaje impamvu z’ ukwegura kwe] {{DEFAULTSORT:Habineza, Joseph}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] p9dn6fo7qj8yh3xkdcuxg5o53xnu1ep 0 2985 13227 2010-12-25T00:04:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Joseph Habineza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Joseph Habineza]] 4g8xpoutzss3t3iyfmk5adxqlb0cq4f 0 2986 19147 13241 2011-01-14T01:24:37Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] qnw6f9a7z6iehhvd7grj4za68hbikvd 14 2988 78612 67941 2021-08-25T17:25:50Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9160442]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 14 2989 67740 62506 2013-04-13T09:02:09Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 20 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6890417]] wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 2990 13286 2010-12-25T08:07:57Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Artocarpus]] to [[Ururabo rw’umugati]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ururabo rw’umugati]] ciiatcgefm28lycteqaqouvm4zr29ha 0 2992 81564 76740 2022-01-31T11:09:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Artocarpus altilis (fruit).jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Urubuto rw’umugati</span>]] [[Dosiye:Floraison_d'un_arbre_à_pain_02.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Urubuto rw’umugati</span>]] '''Urubuto rw’umugati''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Artocarpus altilis'') ni ubwoko bw’ibiti bifitanye isano ya bugufi umunyinya. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] jdvj4rgash95onwuohnreidexbmqiy7 0 2993 13294 2010-12-25T08:19:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urubuto rw’umugati]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urubuto rw’umugati]] n53jzugo6jz0mddqtlu8vuhbqj7zpcr 0 2994 81565 76710 2022-01-31T11:09:33Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Artocarpus heterophyllus 1.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Igifenesi </span>]] '''Igifenesi''' cyangwa '''Urubuto rwa Yakobo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'' ) ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Artocarpus_heterophyllus_22zz.jpg|thumb|Ibifenesi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 1zf3duc2qx60nw8ewcib1a8to39tnkq 0 2995 28405 13298 2011-03-29T18:13:18Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Igifenesi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifenesi]] 6phemsnndkgmq1glyjspnnz2njcvkh8 0 2996 76711 74111 2021-07-31T20:13:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Durians.jpg|thumb|260px|<font color="greey">Cempedak</span>]] '''Cempedak''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Artocarpus integer'' ) ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Cempedak_3.jpg|thumb|Cempedak ]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] ezjgkb38ij02t4f42q2n1k1quhpwhit 0 2997 13301 2010-12-25T08:28:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Cempedak]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cempedak]] 8w3cs1qpg617ld4nflxzo5mzy2z89co 0 3000 81711 76712 2022-01-31T11:32:07Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Durio kutej F 070203 ime.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Duriyani</span>]] '''Duriyani''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Durio'' ) ni [[igiti]], [[urubuto]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. Durian ni urubuto rutera abavietnam ishema cyane. [[Dosiye:D101_and_random_stock.jpg|thumb|Duriyani]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] ioqlhl0iov155thaen4dogqxvf5rrys 0 3001 13311 2010-12-25T08:43:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Duriyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Duriyani]] gjnk26czxoxor51igcc2pplzwuja2g2 0 3002 76720 64903 2021-07-31T20:44:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rhapidophyllum hystrix.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Rhapidophyllum hystrix</font>]] [[Dosiye:Rhapidophyllum_hystrix_USDA1.jpg|thumb|Rhapidophyllum hystrix]] '''''Rhapidophyllum hystrix''''' ni kimwe mu bwoko bw’amamesa bwihanganira cyane ubukonje. Hari ubwoko bumwe gusa mu bwoko bwa ''Rhapidophyllum''. Ahantu aya mamesa akunda kwibera ni ahantu hatoshye mu gace k’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]]. Ikindi kandi yishimira ubukonje bwo hasi bwa dogere 20 munsi ya zero, ni igihingwa cyaba ahantu hose ku isi cyanecyane i [[Burayi]]. Ni ubwoko kukomeye bw’amamesa, bugira uburebure hagati ya metero 1 kugera kuri 3 kikagira amahwa menshi akurura ku ruti. '''Rapidofilumu Hisitirikisi''' ni amamesa agira uduti turandaranda tukagira utubumbe ku ruhu, utu duti twinshi tugenda twihuza tugafatana tugakora uruti rw’umubyimba ugenda uhindagurika. Nyuma y’igihe, uru ruti rufatanye cyane ruvamo igihimba kidashobora kwinjirwa mo amazi. <ref>[http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=2-amamesa-yihanganira-ubukonje-rhapidophyllum-hystrix-amamesa-afite-amahwa Amamesa yihanganira ubukonje Rhapidophyllum hystrix (Amamesa afite amahwa)]</ref> [[File:Rhapidophyllum Strongbad1982.jpg|left|thumb|250px]] == Notes == <references group="i" /> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 0q2nq7mrrze220lpp3lz8aczv3yi2qs 14 3003 65592 64904 2013-03-11T10:35:09Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1410688]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 14 3004 64905 53974 2013-03-07T21:04:05Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 54 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1410641]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 14 3005 64906 63560 2013-03-07T21:04:16Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5550747]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuti]] iga13yufkamuhm3oe9bc6yvcrwhnad1 14 3006 64907 62175 2013-03-07T21:04:27Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 138 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4103249]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 0 3007 77141 28930 2021-08-08T01:39:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ikambere.JPG|thumb|250px]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda flag.jpg|thumb|rwanda]] '''Ikambere''' (izina mu Gifaransa ''Journal interne de l’Institut des Musées Nationaux du Rwanda'') == External links == *http://museum.gov.rw/newsletter/issues/ [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] lwg3h6z11tqnmnqwhzxq8i8v9l77xoj 0 3008 28988 13335 2011-03-31T21:59:28Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] gpbgfrgokzlbahperjgip69kaamb0xv 0 3009 28989 13337 2011-03-31T21:59:33Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] gpbgfrgokzlbahperjgip69kaamb0xv 0 3011 77258 77011 2021-08-09T19:53:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ഞാറുനടീൽ.jpg|thumb|UBUHINZI]] '''AMIS''' cyangwa '''amis''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''AMIS, Agriculture Management Information System '' ) ni uburyo ikaba n'urubuga rwo guhererekanya amakuru ku bantu bose bari mu buhinzi n'ubworozi. == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110216014950/http://www.amis.minagri.gov.rw/rw/content/uburyo-bwo-gukusanya-no-gukwirakwiza-amakuru-ajyanye-nubuhinzi-nubworozi amis.minagri.gov.rw] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] i2bakq12x3w4fs7qw15fn1npdxq2cp4 14 3012 67779 64908 2013-04-13T09:47:40Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5658978]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 3013 76718 64909 2021-07-31T20:39:27Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Parajubaea torralyi - Royal Botanical Garden, Madrid.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Parajubaea torallyi''</font>]] [[Dosiye:Parajubaea_torallyi_-_Savill_Garden_-_Windsor_Great_Park,_England_-_DSC06120.jpg|thumb|Parajubaea torallyi ]] '''''Parajubaea torallyi''''' ni imikindo myiza cyane kandi ibasha guhangana no kwihanganira ibihe bibi cyane. Icyakora, ihingwa gake cyanye hanze y’ubuturo bwayo kimeza na abanyabusitani bitewe nimbuto zayo nini cyane (bivugako ubwikorezi bwacyo bwo mu bwato buhenze), ubuturo bwayo kimeza ni [[Boliviya]]. Ni kimeza muri Boliviya, gikura muduce twumagaye kandi dufite ivumbi ryinshi, hagati y’ibibabaya by’ Ubuhinde k’ubutumburuke bwa metero 2700 na 3400 uvuye kubutumburuke bw’inyanja. Niyompamvu, iyi mikindo, aricyo kimera cyambere kwisi gishobora gukurira ku ubutumburuke burebure cyane aho ariho hose ku Isi. Ni gakeya cyane Ubushyuhe bujya hejuru ya 20 °C kandi akenshi usanga kuri ubu butumburuke nijoro haba hari ibihu byinshi cyane. Ubushyuhe usanga bugera hasi ya 7 ni ukuvuga –7 °C mugihe cy’ukwezi kwa [[Nyakanga]] na [[Kanama]] (Igihe cy’impeshyi) kandi igipimo cy’imvura mugihe cy’umwaka kingana gusa na metero 550 ni ukuvuga 550 m. <ref>[http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/rw/index.php?text=6-imikindo-parajubaea-torallyi Imikindo Parajubaea torallyi]</ref> == Notes == <references group="i" /> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 1oyjhbp7af6t86ps6havuraggxz0or0 14 3016 67157 60334 2013-03-14T05:44:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 134 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7132780]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 3017 77306 70714 2021-08-09T20:14:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zea_mays_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-283.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikigori</font>]] '''Ikigori''' (''ubuke'': '''Ibigori''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Zea mays'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Maize'' cyangwa ''Corn'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Maïs'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. Abahinzi bo mu murenge wa Gashali ho mu Karere ka Karongi mu ntara y’iburengerazuba, bararira ayo kwarika kubera ko imbuto y’indobanure y’ibigori bateye mbere itabashije kuva mu butaka kubera imvura yabaye nkeya muri ako gace ko mu cyahoze ari Superefegitura ya Birambo. Twibutse ko intungamubiri ziri mu bigori ubariye ku magarama 100 ari izi zikurikira : amazi angana na garama 10,3. Garama 362 za [[kalisiyumu]], Karoli muri garama 100 zingana na 8,1. Harimo kandi amagarama 76,9 by’ibinyasukari, gararama 3,6 bya Lipide, gr 6,16 bya Vitamine A, 0,385 bya vitamine B1 NA Miligarama 0,201 za B2, miligarama 3,632 za vitamine B3 na PP, Miligarama 241 za acide gras, miligarama 304 z’umunyu ngugu na7,3 gr za Fibre, 6gr z’umunyu ngugu wa Feri, 3,5garama za [[Potasiyumu]], 2,87 garama za [[manyeziyumu]], 127gr za [[sodiyumu]] na 35garama za [[fosifori]]. Ikigori ni kimwe mu binyampeke bigaragara mu ifunguro ry’ibanze rya hafi kandi rifatiye runini umubiri w’umuntu. Nk’uko urubuga rwa interineti Doctissimo.fr rubivuga, ngo icyo kiribwa kigirira akamaro gakomeye umubiri w’umuntu, kuko gikungahaye ku bitera imbaraga byinshi n’ibyubaka umubiri biringaniye. Inzobere mu mbonezamirire zo mu kigo cya Mississippi zivuga ko icyo gihingwa gikize cyane kuri “Amido”ndetse kikaba gifite inkomoko muri Korombiya aho abaturage baho ba kera bagifataga nk’ikiribwa cy’ibanze. [[File:Corncobs.jpg|thumb|250px|left|<font color="grey">Ibigori</font>]] [[File:Zea mays fraise MHNT.BOT.2011.18.21.jpg|250px|thumb|''Zea mays "fraise"'']] [[File:Dent Corn 'Oaxacan Green' (Zea mays) MHNT 2.jpg|thumb|250px|''Zea mays "Oaxacan Green"'']] [[File:Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.1.jpg|thumb|250px|''Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese''']] Icyo kiribwa cyaje gukwirakwira muri [[Afurika]], i [[Burayi]] n’ahandi, kikaba cyarafashe umwanya ukomeye mu binyampeke byahingwaga icyo gihe nk’ingano ndetse n’uburo aho ibyo binyampeke byavagamo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye nk’igikoma, ubugali n’ibindi. Kurya cyane icyo kinyampeke udakuraho ariko ngo si byiza kuko bishobora gutera indwara ya “Pelle-agra” ni ukuvuga indwara y’uruhu iterwa no kubura Vitamine PP. Ibyo ariko ngo bikaba biterwa n’ubutamenya bushingiye ku buryo icyo kinyampeke cyakagombye gukoreshwa. Ubundi ifu y’icyo kinyampeke ngo ikennye kuri proteyine za ngombwa umubiri ukeneye ariko ushobora kuba wazikura mu bindi biribwa ndetse bitanahenze bityo ibyo bikaba byaherekeza ifunguro ryiganjemo ibigori. Ariko kandi bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rimaze gutera imbere igihingwa cy’ibigori ngo gisigaye kivangwa n’ibindi biribwa bityo ngo bigatanga indyo nziza kandi ikize ku ntungamubiri zose. Icyo gihe ikigori kiribwa gitetse, cyangwa bakifashisha ifarini yacyo aho bakoramo amoko menshi anyuranye y’ibiribwa rimwe na rimwe babanje kubicisha mu mavuta. Ikindi kandi hashobora kwifashishwa ifu igashyirwa hejuru y’inyama maze ukabishyira mu mavuta nk’uko biri mu muco gakondo w’Abanyamerika bafite inkomoko mu Buhinde. == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728134018/http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=141&cat=35&storyid=3949 Ikigori : Ingirakamaro mu bitunga umubiri] [[Category:Ibigori]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] l2lenznxsm7p2on9qh8qv5m7aupb9o4 0 3018 13365 2010-12-25T11:06:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigori]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigori]] ncfhysxeyq0dc5umkn127jy1c5wa558 0 3019 79147 72206 2021-08-31T09:03:22Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Caucasian man masturbating.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kwikinisha (Gabo)</font>]] [[Dosiye:Male_masturbation.svg|thumb|kwikinisha]] Iri jambo '''Kwikinisha''' bamwe bita gutina, kwitinanga, gutinura n’andi mazina mu [[gifaransa]] no mu [[cyongereza]] ni “Masturbation”. Rikomoka ku [[kigereki]] “μεζεα” risomwa ngo “mezea” rigasobanura Imboro mu bwinshi. Rikomoka kandi ku [[kilatini]] “manus” bivuga “ukuboko” na “turbare” bisobanura “kubuza amahoro”. Mu by’ukuri rero ijambo “masturbation” risobanura “kubuza imboro amahoro ukoresheje intoki”. == Imiyoboro == * [http://igihe.com/news-8-14-6276.html Ingaruka z 'uburwayi Buterwa no Kwikinisha (Masturbation)] * [http://ubugorozi.org/kin/index.php?start_from=13&ucat=&archive=&subaction=&id=&zimab Ingaruka z’uburwayi buterwa no Kwikinisha (Masturbation)] [[Category:Ubuzima]] 2ijk6ngbbyjprqimlkwtf4sygir6808 0 3020 81532 78659 2022-01-31T11:04:25Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sukh Chayn Landscape.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pariki</span>|link=Special:FilePath/Sukh_Chayn_Landscape.jpg]] [[File:Erm16.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pariki</span>]] [[File:Imparage.jpg|thumb|Imparage muri pariki ya Akagera]] '''Pariki''' ni icyanya [[bamukerarugendo]] bakunze gusura bitewe n'uburyo [[urusobe]] rw'i[[binyabuzima]] biba bibungabunzwe. == Pariki Nasiyonali z'u Rwanda == u Rwanda rugizwe na pariki nasiyonali eshatu arizo : *[[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Giraffes.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Akagera]][[Pariki y'Akagera]] *[[Dosiye:Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ikiraro cyo muri Nyungwe]][[Pariki ya Nyungwe]][[Dosiye:Ibirunga.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Mu birunga]] *[[Pariki y’ Igihugu y’ Ibirunga]] [[Category:Amapariki| ]] kcojk63gn2geia4pjshjv4to1xj8l83 14 3021 67430 62163 2013-04-02T18:45:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 59 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8264680]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 3023 13390 2010-12-25T12:01:21Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Amapariki]] to [[Pariki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki]] n0j7rua1ckrdxog7pc3o5w1pvy1g70b 0 3024 64913 62726 2013-03-07T21:05:47Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 189 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q397]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rome Colosseum inscription 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"> Mu ururimi rw’kilatini</font>]] '''Ikilatini''' (izina mu kilatini ''Lingua Latīna'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwavugwaga kera zo mu bice by'amajyepfo yo mu [[Burayi]],mu karere ka [[Latium]] mu gihugu kigari cya [[Roma]] ya kera. Ubu ni mu '''Butaliyani'''. Uru rurimi ni rwaje kubyara indimi nyinshi harimo '''igifaransa''', '''igisipanyola''', '''igitaliyani''' n'izindi... Ubu ntirukivugwa uretse ko hari ibitabo byinshi kandi byuzuye ubuhanga byanditswe mu kilatini bikiboneka. N'ubwo rutagikoreshwa ariko, hari umwihariko kuri Leta ya [[Vatikani]] na [[Kiliziya Gatolika]]: nirwo rurimi rwa leta rukoreshwa mu nyandiko mpamo. Ibyo byabaye umuco kuva mu bisekuru byo hambere na n'ubu niko bikimeze biturutse ku mateka ya Kiliziya imaze gushinga imizi mu murwa w'abaromani. '''Igifaransa''' nicyo rurimi rwa '''dipolomasi''' muri leta ya Vatikani n'ubwo hari ababangukirwa n' '''igitaliyani'''. Ntago ikilatini ari ururimi rwera ku bagatolika nk'uko hari bamwe babigoreka. Ndetse nyuma ya Konsili ya Kabiri ya Vatikani, amasengesho, missa byahinduwe mu ndimi abakirisitu gakondo babasha kuvuga. Bityo na hano iwacu mu Rwanda byinshi byahinduwe mu kinyarwanda. == Amagambo n'interuro mu kilatini == * '''Heus / Ave''' – Ndakuramukije -Ndakuramutsa * '''Salve''' – Komera - Ramba - Sugira (Ndakuramukije -Ndakuramutsa) ; nayo ikoreshwa mu gusuhuzanya * '''Quomodo vales? / Quid agis?''' – Amakuru? * '''Bene valeo ''' – Ni meza (ndaho, meze neza) * '''Quid est nomen tibi?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Nomen mihi est ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Sic''' – Yego * '''?''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''ūnus''' – rimwe * '''duo''' – kabiri * '''trēs''' – gatatu * '''quattuor''' – kane * '''quīnque''' – gatanu * '''sex''' – gatandatu * '''septem''' – karindwi * '''octō''' – umunani * '''novem''' – icyenda * '''decem''' – icumi == Alfabeti ya Kilatini == <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="26" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="26" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Wikipediya mu kilatini == * http://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] [[Category:Ubugatolika]] 5kq53l3m5ncwc18jvxyfs745914nrbr 14 3025 67703 38072 2013-04-11T04:30:40Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9702951]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] h8mblmsfn5w4hepjapl4dpxu780ks0r 0 3026 79453 78696 2021-09-27T22:40:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LakeKivu satellite.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Kivu</font>]] [[File:Childhood_by_lake_Kivu.jpg|alt=|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu, boats.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[Dosiye:A young man jogging on Lake Kivu public beach.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Kivu]] '''Ikiyaga cya Kivu''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ikiyaga cya Kivu |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article60 |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119171936/http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article60 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ni [[ikiyaga]] kiruta andi mazi yose y’u [[Rwanda]]. Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo byegereye ikigo cyita ku ngagi cyo mu Ruhengeri. Ibyo biyaga bidakunze kwitabwaho, bifite amazi menshi y’urubogobogo, bikikijwe n’imisozi hamwe n’amasumo maremare. Hafi yabyo hakaba ibirunga bigaragaza uburanga bw’agahebuzo. [[File:Lake Kivu.jpg|thumb|left|200px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Kivu (Bukavu)</font>]] Kure y’ibyo by’ibanze ba mukerarugendo bashobora kunaga akajisho ku biyaga by’u Rwanda bibafasha kumenya imibereho y’abakurambere b’[[abanyafurika]]. Aho niho abasare bavugamo amato akoze ku buryo bwa gakondo. Ababyeyi bambaye imyenda y’amabara menshi batumura agatabi mu nkono z’itabi z’ibiti. Abacuranzi bakirigita iningiri (gitari gakondo). Ikindi kandi ubuzima bw’inyoni nabwo buteye amabengeza: Ibishuhe byambuka binyerera ku mazi magari, Imisambi itinyitse n’amakamba yayo isokoza amababa yayo mu bishanga byo hafi aho, naho Umwami w’abarobyi ari we Nyiramurobyi aba yibereye ku nkombe nk’umutako. [[File:Lake Kivu shore at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|left|200px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Kivu (Gisenyi)</font>]] Mu nkengero zayo hari imijyi itatu ariyo: [[Gisenyi]], [[Kibuye]] na [[Cyangugu]]. Iyo mijyi ihuzwa n’umuhanda utoroshye w’ibitaka uzengurutse icyo kiyaga wahuranya mu mirima y’imyaka no mu mashyamba atoshye mu kugaragaza isuku hejuru y’amazi y’urubogobogo. Kuhatemberera ni rwo rugendo rwa gakondo rubaho muri [[Afurika]] yose. Hari n’ingendo z’amato zihuza iyo migi itatu. [[File:Lake Kivu shoreline at Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Kivu (Gisenyi)</font>]] Gisenyi ari nawo mujyi urusha amajyambere iyo migi yindi y’ubukerarugengo, wibereye hafi ku buryo kujyayo uturutse muri [[Pariki y’ibirunga]] bitwara igihe gito kiri munsi y’isaha ku modoka. Uwo mujyi wibereye ku nkengero z’umucanga, ukikijwe n’imikindo ihuhera hamwe n’amahoteli yubatswe kera mu gihe cy’ubukoroni zerakana ishusho y’ikirere cyiri hafi y’imirongo ngengamirasire koko. Ku Kibuye, mu majyepfo yacyo, imirimo y’aba Mukerarugendo ishingiye cyane cyane ku macumbi agezweho yubatse ku nkengero ku misozi itwikiriwe n’amahwa nk’uko bimeze ku misozi ya Alpe. Umujyi wa Cyangugu wo utandukanye n’iyo ya mbere. Uri hafi y’ishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] aho [[ubukerarugendo]] butandukanye buteye imbere bitewe n’imiterere yaho ifite utudendezi twiganje mu bibaya. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibiyaga]] [[Category:Rwanda]] twizeyimana methode sr1xtp6yzdqh9ii3hzok5wit9abs3d8 0 3027 15445 13402 2011-01-01T01:19:30Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 5r6uku6jf34180d9umo93esay93rt3j 0 3028 15446 13403 2011-01-01T01:19:46Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 5r6uku6jf34180d9umo93esay93rt3j 0 3029 78691 78690 2021-08-26T03:46:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LakeMuhaziNASA.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Muhazi</font>]] [[File:SeedsOfPeace2.jpg|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikiyaga cya Muhazi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Canoe on Lake Muhazi, Rwanda, Africa.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] [[Dosiye:Muhazi Beach Resort.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] [[Dosiye:Muhazi beach Resort.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] '''Ikiyaga cya Muhazi''' ni ikiyaga cya kabiri mu bunini mu Rwanda, kikaba giherereye mu ntara y'amajyaruguru ashyira uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. iki kiyaga kandi kikaba gikora kuri pariki y'akagera y'u Rwanda. n'ikiyaga kigira amahumbezi kizengurutswe n'imisozi n'utunyoni twiza turirimba neza mu matwi ya muntu.<ref>https://dtravela.com/blog/rw/Lake-Muhazi</ref> [[Dosiye:Lake_Muhazi.jpg|thumb|Lake Muhazi]] == Amateka == [[Category:Ibiyaga]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] cib24z6f7adr7dkqvu5xweatfqq3hw0 14 3030 67443 58069 2013-04-02T18:52:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7272198]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] rueioindpcc2i5fo9bcpmlx45ctyr2x 14 3031 67735 67693 2013-04-13T08:59:05Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 107 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7217348]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 7xhd8c6u7k4kk2xidcydinaw8wxfx1x 0 3032 65679 64916 2013-03-11T10:45:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q87982]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GreatLakesAfrica.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibiyaga Bigari</font>]] [[File:Location GreatLakes-Africa.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">A - [[Lake Albert (Africa)|Albert]]<br />Y - [[Lake Kyoga|Kyoga]]<br />E - [[Lake Edward|Edward]]<br />K - [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]]<br />V - [[Lake Victoria|Victoria]]<br />T - [[Lake Tanganyika|Tanganyika]]<br />M - [[Lake Malawi|Malawi]]</font>]] '''Ibiyaga Bigari''' * [[Ikiyaga cya Victoria]] (Ikiyaga cya Vigitoriya) * [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] * [[Ikiyaga Malawi]] * [[Ikiyaga Turkana]] * [[Ikiyaga Albert]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * [[Ikiyaga Edward]] [[Category:Ibiyaga]] iymfbj2ex8r9t0xon53g5x668omdf31 0 3033 13425 2010-12-25T13:06:27Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ibiyaga bigari]] to [[Ibiyaga Bigari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibiyaga Bigari]] 9coaqixrcscvxy6tl986jlku5jhh44j 0 3034 79454 78722 2021-09-27T23:26:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PeopleBirding.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kwitegereza inyoni</font>]] [[Dosiye:Birdwatching_India_07.JPG|thumb|Kwitegereza inyoni]] '''Kwitegereza inyoni''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwitegereza inyoni |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article62 |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120165916/http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article62 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kuba U Rwanda ruherereye mu kibaya kigari cya Albertine, rukagira amashyamba menshi hamwe n’imisozi miremire bituma haba ibidukikije bikurura [[ubukerarugendo]]. Nubwo ari ruto (hafi 250 kms kuva iburasirazuba – iburengerazuba, kuri 150km kuva amajyaruguru-amajyepfo) rubarirwamo amoko arenga 670 y’inyoni, ukanahasanga kandi nanone inyoni nyinshi ziboneka gusa mu bibaya bya Albertine kurusha ibindi bihugu byose byo hanze uretse [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. [[File:Inyoni nziza zo muri Parke y&#039;Akagera, ifoto ya 0785474017.jpg|thumb|Inyoni nziza zo muri Parke y&#039;Akagera, ifoto ya 0785474017]] Ibishanga n’ibiyaga byo muri [[pariki y’Akagera]] icumbikiye imisambi y’agahebuzo, kandi ni hamwe mu hantu ishobora kuboneka ku buryo bworoshye. Byongeye kandi, mu kagera uhasanga urwunge rw’amoko menshi y’minyinya n’urufunzo, hamwe n’inyoni zifite mu maso hatukura, iminwa miremire, izifite iminwa y’umweru cyangwa y’umukara zibera mu kiganiro cy’ubucuti; izifite imirizo y’umweru cyangwa igaye, n’izindi nyinshi. Amacumbi ry’Akagera ririmo kuvugururwa, uretse hari n’ayandi yacumbikirwamo mu gihe cyo gusura iyo Pariki. Ni urugendo rw’ingirakamaro gusura inyoni ntoya zifite amashyo yo kuzishyigikira y’inyamabere nini zirimo imvubu, [[inzovu]] na [[twiga]]. Mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, mu masaha make uvuye mu Kagera, [[Pariki y’Ishyamba]] rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] ni icyanya kigari cy’Ishyamba ry’isugi, rimwe mu mashyamba magari ya kimeza muri Afurika ryiberamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni harimo amoko 27 y’umwihariko w’ako gace. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Inyoni]] eiidqh562v7oyedtb642n8mqwsjlqlo 0 3036 75417 75416 2021-04-30T20:29:41Z Claude Nizeyimana 9185 Add an image wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stilts fishermen Sri Lanka 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[File:Pátzcuaro-Trad-Fishing-3.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[File:BD-fishermen.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[File:Vissersboot(01).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Uburobyi''' Ubworozi bw’[[amafi]] n’uburobyi <ref>[http://www.rarda.gov.rw/spip.php?article25 Ubworozi n’uburobyi bw’amafi ]</ref> [[File:Clupea harengus Gervais.flipped.jpg|thumb|Clupea harengus Gervais.flipped]] Kuva mu mwaka w’2000, umusaruro w’amafi wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro kugera mu mwaka wa 2004. Mu mwaka w ‘2005, umusaruro wagabanutseho gato. Mu gihe cyakurikiyeho, kuva mu mwaka wa 2006, kubera ko hakozwe ibikorwa byinshi bigamije kongera umusaruro w’[[amafi]], umusaruro wagiye uzamuka buri mwaka ku buryo bukurikira: muri 2000 habonetse toni 6996, muri 2001 habonetse toni 7 308, muri 2002 habonetse toni 7 600, muri 2003 habonetse toni 7 600, muri 2004 habonetse toni 8 126, muri 2005 habonetse toni 8 089, muri 2006 habonetse toni 8 300, muri 2007 habonetse toni 8 900, muri 2008 habonetse toni 11 682, muri 2009 habonetse toni 10835 [[File:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Abarobyi mu kiyaga cya Kivu mu Rwanda]] Imbonerahamwe igaragaza uko umusaruro w’amafi wagiye wiyongera 2000-2009: {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Umwaka |Umusaruro, toni |Ikinyuranyo, toni |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |2000 |6996 | |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |2001 |7308 |312 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |2002 |7600 |292 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |2003 |7600 |0 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |2004 |8126 |526 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |6 |2005 |8089 | -37 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |7 |2006 |8300 |211 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |8 |2007 |8900 |600 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |9 |2008 |11682 |2782 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |10 |2009 |10835 | -847 |- bgcolor="#dddddd" | |Igiteranyo | |3839 |} Harwanyijwe isuri ku misozi yegereye ibiyaga, hashyizweho abarinzi b’ibiyaga na za komite zo kubungabunga uburobyi zigizwe n’abarobyi ubwabo, hatanzwe amahugurwa menshi n’ingendoshuri ku bakora umurimo w’uburobyi n’ubworozi bwo mu mazi bigamije kubongerera ubushobozi kugirango bashobore kuzamura umusaruro uturuka kuri uwo murimo. Hakozwe inyigo yo gutunganya no gucunga neza ibiyaga 17 by’imbere mu gihugu. Inyigo yakozwe yagaragaje ko uburobyi bwonyine budashobora guhaza abaturarwanda ku mafi uko byagenda kose, akaba ariyo mpamvu u [[Rwanda]] rugomba gushyira ingufu nyinshi mu bworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi, mu bidendezi no mu bigobe by’ibiyaga mu buryo bushoboka bwose hakoreshejwe imbuto y’amafi nziza itanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi vuba. Ni muri urwo rwego hashyizweho ishami rya gatatu ry’Umushinga PAIGELAC rizakorera mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo n’iy’Iburengerazuba, rikazateza imbere by’umwihariko ubworozi bw’amafi mu byuzi no mu bidendezi muri izo ntara zombi. [[File:Fisherman riding a traditional boat.jpg|thumb|Umurobyi atwaye ubwato bwa gakondo]] Hakurikijwe iyo nyigo, haguzwe imbuto y’amafi ya ''Oreochromis niloticus'' (''Tilapia nilotica'') imu gihugu cya Uganda, ikaba yarakuwe mu kiyaga cya Albert. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ubworozi]] [[Category:Amafi]] nlekqopb3b80hkiw9tv6jtrv6inl3pk 0 3037 76215 75806 2021-07-20T20:35:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Arkhangelskaia oblast Plesetskiy Raion.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''Umugezi''' (Izina mu Cyongereza ''Stream'' ) [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo_River_and_its_surrounding_mountain_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda]] * [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] * [[Umugezi wa Sebeya]] *Umugezi wa Akanyaru *Umugezi wa Mwogo [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 2z4mzj8pj915s2ytdlsn31a5v08sl5f 0 3038 81739 77289 2022-01-31T11:36:31Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sanzio 01 Plato Aristotle.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Plato n’Aristo</span>]] [[File:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Filozofi''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''Phylosophy'' ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Gusobanukirwa n’ikibazo cy’ingenzi cya Filozofi gitandukanya [[abafilozofe]] (''Philosophers'') kikabaha n umurongo wo kumva no gusobanura ibintu. Uyobora ikiganiro akwiye kumenya ko abahugurwa batinya Filozofi ariko bakaba bifuza kuyimenya. Niyo mpamvu akwiye kubaza ibibazo byoroshye agahera kubyo bazi kandi bivugiye, agana ku bishya. N’ubwo ubumenyi bwa mbere ku isi bwari Filozofi, kandi n’ubu Filozofi akaba ari imwe mu nyigisho zigwa, abanyarwanda benshi bayitwara nk’isomo rikomeye cyane. Bumva Filosofi ari inyigisho ikwiye guhabwa abahanga kabuhariwe, ndetse n’uwayize bamureba nk’umuntu wasarishijwe n’ubwenge bwinshi buvangitiranye. Hari n’aho usanga abafilozofe bitwa abasazi, ibizongwe, n’andi mazina mu by ukuri asesereza. Filozofi ni ubumenyi bw’isi (''Universe'') n amategeko ayigenga. Isi igizwe na kamere (''nature''), umuryango w’abantu (''society'') n’igitekerezo (''thought''). Filozofi rero ni ubumenyi busubiza ibibazo byose umuntu yibaza kuri kamere, umuryango w’abantu n’igitekerezo. Kubera ariko ko umuntu ariwe usumba byose, Filozofi ni ubumenyi bwose ku muntu n ibimukikije. Filozofi isobanura imibanire y abantu n’ibintu, abantu n’abandi n’ibintu n’ibindi. Kugira ngo isi irusheho gusobanuka, Filozofi yagabanijwemo ibice binyuranye by ubumenyi, buri gice kikigwa mu buryo bunonosoye. Ibyo bice ni nka: ''Physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, biology, psychology, sociology , etc''. Mu by ukuri, ibyo byose hamwe n’ubundi bumenyi, bigize ubumenyi bugari bwitwa Filosofi. == Inkomoko ya filozofi == Umuntu yagize ubushake bwo gusobanukirwa isi kuva amaze kuba umuntu. Ubwo nibwo yatangiye kwibaza ku : :Inkomoko y ubuzima :Inkomoko y umuntu :Iherezo ry umuntu (uko bigenda iyo apfuye) :Akamaro (''purpose'') ko kubaho n ibindi. Abantu ba mbere babonaga umuntu avuka, agakura, agasaza, akarwara, agapfa n’ibindi, bakabyibazaho bikabashobera. Babonaga imvura igwa, izuba riva, inkuba ikubita, imigezi itemba n’ibindi byinshi nabyo bakabyibazaho ariko bikababera urujijo. Ibi byatumye batinya ibintu bimwe ndetse batangira kubisenga. Ikintu cyose batashoboraga gusobanukirwa bavugaga ko ubwo hagomba kuba hari ikintu gifite ububasha buhanitse, kigomba kuba kigenga ibyo byose. Ubwo nibwo kwemera imana byavutse. Nibwo kandi havutse Imana nyinshi bitewe n’akarere abantu babagamo n’ingorane bahuraga nazo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.( Imana y uburumbuke, Imana y’izuba, Iy’imvura, n’izindi ) == Icyitonderwa == Umuntu yavuga ko ibibazo abantu ba mbere bibazaga n’ibisubizo batangaga atari Filozofi kuko Filozofi yibaza ku kibazo mu buryo bucukumbuye, igatanga ibisobanuro birambuye, binonosoye kandi bitanga umurongo (''detailed and systematic''). Ndetse no kuba abantu bibaza ibibazo bitandukanye kandi bagatanga ibisubizo bitandukanye, nabyo ntibibagira abafilozofe. Umufilozofe ni umuntu ufite ubuhanga bwo gusesengura ibibazo rusange biri muri kamere, umuryango w’abantu n’igitekerezo mu buryo burambuye kandi bunonosoye, agashyiraho n’umurongo wo kubisobanura. N ubwo rero abantu nka ba NYIRABIYORO bibazaga bati : « ko mbona bucya bukira amaherezo azaba ayahe? » ntabwo byabagize abafilozofe. Iyo umwana yibaza aho aca iyo avuka ntabwo aba yabaye umufilozofe. Gushyirwa ku murongo kwa Filozofi (''Systematisation'') byatangiye kera nko mu myaka 2500-3000 ishize (''Ancient ages/Antiquités''). Filozofi nka system yatangiye kubaho mu bihugu byari biteye imbere kurusha ibindi icyo gihe mu buryo bwo kuyobora igihugu (''political organization''), ubukungu (''Economy''), imibanire (''social'') n’umuco (''culture''). Ibyo bihugu byari bimaze kugira Leta (''State'') n’inzego z’ubusumbane mu baturage (''class differentiation''). Ibyo bihugu ni nka : [[Misiri]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Ubuhindi]], ariko cyane [[Ubugereki]]. == Ikibazo cy ingenzi cya filozofi == Igisubizo babonera icyo kibazo ni cyo kibatandukanya, kikabaha n umurongo wo gutekerezamo no gusobanura isi n’ibiyirimo byose. Icyo kibazo ni: :Ni iki cy’ibanze : ukubaho cyangwa gutekereza ? (''Being or thinking'')? :Iki bibazo gishobora kubazwa mu bundi buryo bukurikira: :Ni iki cy’ibanze : ''Matter/matière'' cyangwa consciousness/conscience ? :Hari n’akandi kabazo (''sub-question'') gashamikiye kuri icyo cy’ingenzi, nako gatandukanya :Abafilozofe. Ako kabazo ni : Isi ishobora kumenyekana ? (''Is the world knowable?'') :Abafilozofe bagabanyijwemo impande ebyiri bitewe n’igisubizo babonera icyo kibazo ndetse n’ako kabazo kagishamikiyeho. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Filozofi| ]] tmqt7gw9ty7d97zq1gqfwpcw8nuweos 14 3039 67728 64921 2013-04-13T08:45:33Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1983674]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 3040 77240 72485 2021-08-09T19:29:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruwenpflanzen.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Isi</font>]] [[File:Herds Maasai Mara.JPG|thumb|250px]] '''Ubuzima''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hoh rain forest trees.jpg|thumb|left|200px]] Muri ayo mazi y imishyuhira harimo imyuka nka NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, ''etc''. Iyo myuka yashongeye mu mazi biravanga, CO<sub>2</sub> iragabanuka, za ''Glucides'' (amasukari) ziriyongera. Ayo masukari yaje kwivanga na ''Oxygène'' bibyara ''Alcool, Aldéhydes, cétones'' na ''Acides Organiques''. Byaje kuvamo NH<sub>3</sub>, ''Acides Aminés'', ''protéines'' bitinze biza gufatana n [[imyunyu]] (''sels'') havuka igitonyanga cyitwa Coocervate gifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura no kumira utuntu duto turi mu mazi. [[File:Waitakere Piha n.jpg|thumb|left|200px]] Nyuma y imyaka 4 000 000 000 Coocervate yabyaye ''Protozoaires'' (''organismes unicellulaires'') nka ''algues bleues, Virus, Amibes, Bactéries, etc''., n ubu ziriho. Izi ''protozoaires'' zaje kubyara ''Metazoa'' (''organisme pluricellulaire'') ziba zikanabyarira mu mazi, izishobora kuba kubutaka ariko zigatera amagi mu mazi, izishobora kuba no kubyarira kubutaka etc. Intambwe yanyuma yabaye urwego rwitwa Mamalia (''Mammifères'') zifite ubushyuhe (''températures'') budahinduka, zitwita zikonsa urub ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ubuzima| ]] d1tooh4jsdhc9u6k9lg0k3bi6abjilo 14 3042 67753 64923 2013-04-13T09:18:11Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1458521]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] [[Category:Imibumbe]] d9xb8caz1uipfwkdsdqp8yrwrgfmqp7 0 3043 82341 81428 2022-03-25T04:55:25Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|thumb|Umubumbe w'Isi]] [[file:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso cy Isi (🜨)]] '''Isi'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Abemera ''Materialism'' bavuga ko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko isi, ikirere, izuba n inyenyeri byose bigizwe na ''Eléments'' zigera kuri 103 kandi kera cyane bikaba byari byibumbiye hamwe mu gacu (''Disc'') kaje guturitswa n ubushyuhe bugaturutsemo, havamo [[amabango]] (''Etoiles'') yagurukiye ahantu hatandukanye. Bitewe n aho buri bango ryagiye (''températures'') amabango amwe yabaye solides, liquides cyangwa gaz. Iryo turika ryitwa ''le Big Bang'' ryaba ryarabaye mu myaka 5 000 000 000 ishize. [[Wand]] Ibango ryitwa Isi ryari rigizwe ahanini n urusobe rw imyuka yiganjemo [[amazi]] (H<sub>2</sub>O) agera kuri 84,4% ryatangiye kuzenguruka ibango ryitwa izuba maze iyo si igenda itakaza imyuka n amazi bijya hagati yayo n izuba, bityo ikirere (hagati y isi n izuba) cyuzuye iyo myuka kiba kirabonetse. Uko isi yagiye yegerana kuruhu rwayo hagiye hakonja naho mu nda harushaho gushyuha bituma ibiyigize bishonga (''en fusion'') maze byipanga hakurikije uburemere (''densité'') ibiremereye cyane bijya hasi ibyoroshye bijya ku ruhu. Kubera ubushyuhe, imyuka ntiyihanganiye kuguma imbere y urwo ruhu, ahubwo yaturikije uruhu rw isi yigira hanze mu [[kirere]] (''Atmosphère''). Nyuma y imyaka 150 000 000, iyo myuka yabyaye igihu cyagiye gikonja kibyara imvura yaguye imyaka ibihumbi, amazi yuzura mu binogo byasizwe na wa mwuka wapfumuye uruhu rw isi, bityo havuka inyanja n ibiyaga ari nabyo byabaye isoko y ubuzima. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Isi]] em2bgxtflnlz5v74kroagbb6b0jzvlb 0 3046 77326 71609 2021-08-09T20:22:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Corpses in the courtyard of Nordhausen concentration camp.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</font>]] [[File:Buchenwald Slave Laborers Liberation.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</font>]] '''Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi''' <ref>http://www.irdp.rw/docs/jenoside.pdf</ref> cyangwa '''Jenoside y’Abayahudi''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> (izina mu [[kiyahudi]] '''שואה''') Leta y’[[Abadage]] (''Großdeutsches Reich'') yakoze gahunda yo kurimbura imbaga y’[[abayahudi]] igeze kuri 6.000.000 hagati ya [[1938]] na [[1946]]. Bishe n [[abanazi]] n abandi babafashije mu Budage no mu Burayi bwose bwari bwigaruriwe na leta ya [[Hitler]]. Irondakoko ryibasiye abayahudi bita ''antisémitisme'' ni ryo rikuru cyane ryabaye mu madini, mu bukungu, muri politike no mu muco. Leta ya Hitler niyo yarigize ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Batangira kwirukanwa mu Budage, bamwe barahava. Abasigaye baricwa mu bihugu byose byari byatsinze : ''Pologne, Autriche, URSS, France, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Grèce, Yougoslavie'' n’ahandi. Jenoside y’Abayahudi yitwa ''shoah'' (שואה) bivuga gutsembwatsembwa (''destruction totale, destruction absolue, catastrophe écrassante''). Hari n’igihe bakoresha ijambo ''Holocauste'' , bivuga gutangwaho igitambo (une immolation entièrement consommée). Ayo magambo ariko ashobora no gukoreshwa ku zindi jenoside zabaye ahandi. Abayahudi ndetse n’abandi bishwe n’abanazi bagiye bakusanyirizwa mu bigo, byitwa ''camps de concentration'' . Ariko hari n’ibindi byitwaga ibigo by imirimo (''camps de travail''), hakaba ibindi byitwaga iby imfungwa z’intambara (''camps pour prisonniers de guerre''), ndetse habaga n’ibyo bitaga iby’agateganyo (''camp de transit''). Hakaba ariko cyane cyane ibigo by’urupfu (''camps d extermination ou de la mort''). Byose hamwe byari hafi 30. Ibizwi cyane ni Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Mauyhausen, Auschwitz, Birkenan, Chelmo, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobidor, Na Majdaneki. [[File:Slave laborers at Buchenwald.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</font>]] Urupfu rw umwihariko rw’abayahudi ni ukwicishwa uburozi bwa Gaz Bafungiranaga abayahudi mu bikamyo bifungiranye hose, cyangwa mu byumba binini bifungiranye hose, bakoherezamo uburozi bw’umwuka wa GAZ (''Zyklon B'') Bagapfa nyuma y’iminota 15-20. Abayahudi bicanywe n’abandi bantu batari abayahudi, bamwe bazize ibyo bakoraga, abandi kubera ibyo bangaga gukora cyangwa gusa kubera icyo baricyo. Abo ni nk’abakomunisti, abasosiyalisti, abaliberali, abasendikalisti, abitwa « homosexuels », abo mw idini rya « Témoins de Jéhovah », abitwa « Tsiganes ». Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni imfungwa z’intambara z’abasovietike : hishwe hafi 3.300.000. Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni aba SLAVES bo muri U.R.S.S. no muri Pologne : hishwe hamwe hagati ya 19.000.700 na 24.000.000 y’abaturage . Abantu bose bazize jenoside y’abanazi bageze kuri 26.000.000, harimo 6.000.000 z abayahudi, hagati ya 500.000 na 1.000.000 y’abaTsiganes n abandi bagizwe cyane cyane n’abaslaves. == Notes == <references/> [[gory:Abayahudi]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] 9n4go4iizp96fpl1a3bzgdzm9qe8qe6 14 3047 64926 61520 2013-03-07T21:30:17Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 146 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457756]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 3048 81672 79047 2022-01-31T11:26:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Nicolas Copernic</span>]] [[Dosiye:Nicolaus_Copernicus._Reproduction_of_line_engraving.jpg|thumb|Nicolaus Copernicu]] '''Nicolas Copernic''' ([[19 Gashyantare]] [[1473]] - [[24 Gicurasi]] [[1543]]), akoresheje ibyuma, yahinyuje igitekerezo cyari cyarabaye nk’ihame, cyavugaga ko izuba ariryo rihindukira mu mpande y’[[isi]]. Yavumbuye imyihindukirize y’amasi muri ''Solar system /Système solaire'' kuri yo ubwayo no mu mpande z’izuba. [[Dosiye:Jewel of the Solar System.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Solar]] [[Category:Abagabo]] qt2we2ea1guer49rzb7p5zee3gy0dga 0 3049 13521 2010-12-26T00:16:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nicolas Copernic]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nicolas Copernic]] asviztqz45ve5u4gqk8nclw9md9swoa 0 3050 81748 79155 2022-01-31T11:37:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg|thumb|220px|<span style="color:grey;">Galileo Galilei</span>]] [[File:Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition.jpg|thumb|220px|]] [[Dosiye:Monumento_a_Galileo_Galilei_-_Pisa.jpg|thumb|Monumento a Galileo Galileya]] '''Galileo Galilei''' cyangwe '''Galilée Galileo''' ([[15 Gashyantare]] [[1564]] - [[24 Mutarama]] [[1642]]), yahinduye igitekerezo cyari cyiganje icyo gihe cyemeza ko isi ishashe kandi idashobora kunyeganyega. Yavumbuye ko isi yibumbye, ko kandi yihindukiraho ubwayo (''diurnal movement/mouvement diurne''). [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abataliyani]] 5dxwo4hmpz7ikr92qm7y0co5k06lz09 0 3051 13524 2010-12-26T00:24:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Galileo Galilei]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Galileo Galilei]] ed4ivlf4p99zs01183fpr1e42cw4o8r 0 3052 81704 76460 2022-01-31T11:31:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Frans Hals - Portret van René Descartes.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">René Descartes</span>]] '''René Descartes''' ([[31 Werurwe]] [[1596]] - [[11 Gashyantare]] [[1650]]), yemeza ko matter iriho bidashingiye ku bumenyi cyangwa ku gushaka kwacu (''objective reality''). Kandi ko umuntu ashobora kuba yayigabanya ku buryo butagira iherezo. Yemeraga ko uduce twa matter (particules) duhora tugendagenda in motion/en mouvement kandi ko tudashobora kuzimangana, (''indestructibles/industructibles''). Yemeraga kandi ko na Roho ibaho, Descartes yari objective idealist. Muri icyo gihe [[Filozofi]] yateye imbere cyane cyane mu [[Budage]] (''classic Germany philosophy/Philosophie classique allemande''). Nicyo gihe [[Dosiye:René_Descartes.jpg|thumb|René Descartes]] [[abafilozofe]] bateje imbere cyane cyane igitekerezo mu bumenyi bw’isi n ibiyirimo. [[Category:Abafilozofe]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] tpj1g9vzgbzyl2ppcy1mv7eijy6sodm 0 3053 13529 2010-12-26T00:32:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[René Descartes]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[René Descartes]] t99t7kg0k7t6uznm3pilujlc8mnzrv2 14 3054 72685 64930 2020-07-28T14:05:09Z Deborahjay 6702 move to lower-level category; sort to display by F wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Filozofi]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe ku kazi bakora|F]] iyq8g8sqxl2en8rs3s6u6qnz6eyb55z 14 3055 73349 65555 2020-09-25T10:09:41Z Deborahjay 6702 category; lower-level category; sort to display alphabetically wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe k'ubwenegihugu|Faransa]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] 6nnpuy38admp91qwabytylmglklczqt 14 3056 64932 62282 2013-03-07T21:31:22Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3919890]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 14 3057 73347 64933 2020-09-25T10:04:48Z Deborahjay 6702 lower-level category; sort to display alphabetically wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubudage]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe k'ubwenegihugu|Dage]] ixzjur8e54i2yki97lnntzipcjh2u1b 0 3058 81719 76456 2022-01-31T11:33:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Immanuel Kant (painted portrait).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Emmanuel Kant</span>]] '''Emmanuel Kant''' (izina mu [[Kidage]]: ''Immanuel'' ; [[22 Mata]] [[1724]] - [[12 Gashyantare]] [[1804]]), yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko [[imirasire y'izuba]] yavuye mu gicu cy’umwuka bitewe n’imbaraga kamere zari muri icyo gicu. Kant kandi yemeraga ko matter iriho bitaduturutseho, kandi ko kumenya matter ku bwacu bidashoboka. [[Dosiye:Kant_gemaelde_1.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Emmanuel Kant</span>]] [[Category:Abafilozofe]] [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9pin3jkzt9ruon80zbaxx1waxzn14wo 0 3059 13542 13541 2010-12-26T01:02:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Emmanuel Kant]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Emmanuel Kant]] 1jh75jp1br0bcle2injaaer98i27jwf 0 3060 13543 2010-12-26T01:03:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Emmanuel Kant]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Emmanuel Kant]] 1jh75jp1br0bcle2injaaer98i27jwf 0 3061 13546 2010-12-26T01:20:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikidage]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikidage]] h2zd8tt3uitnadeg8a004np1x3srt5p 0 3062 78327 77734 2021-08-24T02:38:25Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:De_triomf_van_Mordechai,_RP-P-OB-79.jpg|thumb|Umwami Salom uvugwa muri Bibiliya yera]] '''Şalom''' (soma «shalom» ; izina mu [[kiyahudi]] '''שָׁלוֹם''') ni [[ikinyamakuru]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Category:Ibinyamakuru muri Turukiya]] rreg9luni07mi496vt088zzhju6qvkl 0 3063 81756 76457 2022-01-31T11:39:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hegel portrait by Schlesinger 1831.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</span>]] '''Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel''' ([[27 Kanama]] [[1770]] - [[14 Ugushingo]] [[1831]]), yemeraga ko [[Dosiye:Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg|thumb|Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] igitekerezo aricyo cyatanze matter kubaho, kandi ko aricyo nkomoko y’ibintu byose biri mu isi (kamere, umuntu naza ''phenomena''). Icyo Hegel yarushije abandi ba ''Idealists'' bamubanjirije ni uko we yemeraga ko igitekerezo cyagiye gihinduka gifata isura zinyuranye, imiterere n’ibindi, biturutse ku makimbirane yari akubiye muri icyo gitekerezo kuva kibayeho. Hegel yavugaga ko urwego rusumba izindi zose mw’ihindagurika ry’igitekerezo ari umutimanama w’umuntu. N’ubwo Hegel yari ''Idealist'' niwe mufilozofe wa mbere wavumbuye ko iterambere rishingiye ku makimbirane, ariko yemeza ko ibyo bishoboka ku gitekerezo gusa (''Absolute Ideal/L idéal absolu''). Yabonaga iterambere ry’igitekerezo naho umuntu akaba akambaro kacyo gusa. Hegel niwe wabanje kuzana [[Filozofi]] y’impinduka y’ibintu (''Dialectics/dialectique''). [[Category:Abafilozofe]] [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abagabo]] g33sy4lfim345u49i3ysue08vyzrjov 0 3064 13556 2010-12-26T01:53:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] nqugb37p4qvb3znpp8fjha9blnz77cx 0 3065 81735 79182 2022-01-31T11:35:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Feuerbach Ludwig.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ludwig Feuerbach</span>]] '''Ludwig Feuerbach''' cyangwe '''Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach''' ([[28 Nyakanga]] [[1804]] - [[13 Nzeli]] [[1872]]), niwe wa mbere wagize igitekerezo cy’uko mu bintu byose byigwa na [[Filozofi]], umuntu ariwe wa mbere kuko ariwe mukuru w’ibintu byose bigize [[kamere]] (''nature''). Yaneguye cyane igitekerezo cya Hegel cya ''Absolute Ideal'' , yerekana ko ''Absolute Ideal'' ya Hegel ari ubwenge bw’umuntu Hegel yatandukanyije na nyirabwo, abuhindura akantu gafite ubuzima gatozi, ngo maze karangije kihinduramo isi. Yagaragaje kandi ko igitekerezo gishingiye kuri matter kandi ko kitahinduka hatariho matter. Ludwig yari ''materialist''. Yemeje kandi ko umuntu ari we urema [[Imana]], Imana itarema umuntu. Kuri we ngo iyo umuntu ananiwe kumenya, gusobanura, gukora no gutunganya ibyo yagombaga, yihangira ikindi kintu aturizamo, agashyira mu maboko ibyo byose byamunaniye, bityo akiha ''Morale'' ko icyo yahanze (Imana) ari cyo kizabitunganya mu gihe gikwiye. [[Dosiye:Understanding Trauma - Learning Brain vs Survival Brain.webm|center|thumb|420x420px|Survival Brain]] [[Dosiye:Ludwig_Feuerbach.jpg|thumb|Ludwig Feuerbach]] [[Category:Abafilozofe]] [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mw4ja2c63pigqo9n0kxmt8r2s8v3kg2 0 3066 13561 2010-12-26T02:21:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] 6zs0ail66t4k4vd3qatmsqhtiykpr41 0 3067 13564 2010-12-26T02:23:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] 6zs0ail66t4k4vd3qatmsqhtiykpr41 14 3068 65447 64938 2013-03-11T10:25:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4049293]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 3069 81366 78433 2022-01-21T19:28:22Z НСНУ 10569 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seal Of The President Of The United States Of America.svg|200px|right]] [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|American Flag ]] '''Abaperezida ba [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]''' cyangwa '''Abaperezida b’Amerika''' [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|#]] [[he:נשיא ארצות הברית#רשימת הנשיאים]] {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" |+ |- bgcolor="#cccccc" ! # !! Izina rya Perezida !! Imyaka y’ubuperezida !!Ishyaka aturukamo |- | align="center" | 1 ||[[George Washington]]||[[File:Portrait of George Washington.jpeg|60px]] [[1789]] - [[1797]]|| Not Party |- bgcolor="#E6E6AA" | align="center" | 2 ||[[John Adams]]||[[File:john adams.jpg|60px]] [[1797]] - [[1801]]|| Federalist |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | align="center" | 3 ||[[Thomas Jefferson]]||[[File:Jefferson-peale.jpg|60px]] [[1801]] - [[1809]]|| Democratic-Republican |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | align="center" | 4 ||[[James Madison]]||[[File:James madison.jpg|60px]] [[1809]] - [[1817]]|| Democratic-Republican |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | align="center" | 5 ||[[James Monroe]]||[[File:James Monroe 02.jpg|60px]] [[1817]] - [[1825]]|| Democratic-Republican |- bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | align="center" | 6 ||[[John Quincy Adams]]||[[File:John Quincy Adams.jpeg|60px]] [[1825]] - [[1829]]|| Democratic-Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | align="center" | 7 ||[[Andrew Jackson]]||[[File:AndrewjacksonHD.jpg|60px]] [[1829]] - [[1837]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | align="center" | 8 ||[[Martin Van Buren]]||[[File:martin van buren.jpg|60px]] [[1837]] - [[1841]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | align="center" | 9 ||[[William Henry Harrison]]||[[File:William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin,_1835.jpg|60px]] [[1841]] - [[1841]] <br /> (yapfuye akiri Perezida) || Whig |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 10 ||[[John Tyler]]||[[File:JtylerCopperplate.png|60px]] [[1841]] - [[1845]]|| Whig |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 11 ||[[James Knox Polk]]||[[File:Polkpolk.jpg|60px]] [[1845]] - [[1849]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 12 ||[[Zachary Taylor]]||[[File:Zachary Taylor 2.jpg|60px]] [[1849]] - [[1850]]|| Whig |- bgcolor="#FFFFCC" | 13 ||[[Millard Fillmore]]||[[File:Millard Fillmore.jpg|60px]] [[1850]] - [[1853]]|| Whig |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 14 ||[[Franklin Pierce]]||[[File:Pierce.jpg|60px]] [[1853]] - [[1857]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 15 ||[[James Buchanan]]||[[File:Buchanan.jpg|60px]] [[1857]] - [[1861]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 16 ||[[Abraham Lincoln]]||[[File:Abraham Lincoln head on shoulders photo portrait.jpg|60px]] [[1861]] - [[1865]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 17 ||[[Andrew Johnson]]||[[File:Andrew Johnson.jpg|60px]] [[1865]] - [[1869]]|| Democrat / National Union |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 18 ||[[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Simpson Grant]]||[[File:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|60px]] [[1869]] - [[1877]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 19 ||[[Rutherford B. Hayes|Rutherford Birchard Hayes]]||[[File:Rbhayes.jpg|60px]] [[1877]] - [[1881]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 20 ||[[James Garfield|James Abram Garfield]]||[[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|60px]] [[1881]] - [[1881]] <br /> (yapfuye akiri Perezida) || Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 21 ||[[Chester A. Arthur|Chester Alan Arthur]]||[[File:Chester Arthur.jpg|60px]] [[1881]] - [[1885]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 22 ||[[Grover Cleveland|Stephen Grover Cleveland]]||[[File:Grover Cleveland Portrait.jpg|60px]] [[1885]] - [[1889]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 23 ||[[Benjamin Harrison]]||[[File:Benjamin Harrison Portrait.jpg|60px]] [[1889]] - [[1893]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 24 ||[[Grover Cleveland|Stephen Grover Cleveland]]||[[File:President Grover Cleveland.jpg|60px]] [[1893]] - [[1897]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 25 ||[[William McKinley]]||[[File:Mckinley.jpg|60px]] [[1897]] - [[1901]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 26 ||[[Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.]]||[[File:President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg|60px]] [[1901]] - [[1909]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 27 ||[[William Howard Taft]]||[[File:William Howard Taft, Bain bw photo portrait, 1908.jpg|60px]] [[1909]] - [[1913]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 28 ||[[Woodrow Wilson|Thomas Woodrow Wilson]]||[[File:President Woodrow Wilson portrait December 2 1912.jpg|60px]] [[1913]] - [[1921]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 29 ||[[Warren G. Harding|Warren Gamaliel Harding]]||[[File:Warren G Harding portrait as senator June 1920.jpg|60px]] [[1921]] - [[1923]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 30 ||[[Calvin Coolidge|John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.]]||[[File:Calvin Coolidge photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg|60px]] [[1923]] - [[1929]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 31 ||[[Herbert Hoover|Herbert Clark Hoover]]||[[File:President Hoover portrait.jpg|60px]] [[1929]] - [[1933]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 32 ||[[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]||[[File:FDR in 1933.jpg|60px]] [[1933]] - [[1945]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 33 ||[[Harry S. Truman]]||[[File:Harry S Truman, bw half-length photo portrait, facing front, 1945.jpg|60px]] [[1945]] - [[1953]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 34 ||[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight David Eisenhower]]||[[File:Eisenhower official.jpg|60px]] [[1953]] - [[1961]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 35 ||[[John F. Kennedy|John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]||[[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|60px]] [[1961]] - [[1963]] <br /> (yapfuye akiri Perezida) || Democrat |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 36 ||[[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Baines Johnson]]||[[File:Lbj2.jpg|60px]] [[1963]] - [[1969]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 37 ||[[Richard Nixon|Richard Milhous Nixon]]||[[File:Nixon 30-0316a.jpg|60px]] [[1969]] - [[1974]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 38 ||[[Gerald R. Ford|Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.]]||[[File:Gerald Ford.jpg|60px]] [[1974]] - [[1977]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 39 ||[[Jimmy Carter|James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr.]]||[[File:Jimmy Carter.jpg|60px]] [[1977]] - [[1981]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 40 ||[[Ronald Reagan|Ronald Wilson Reagan]]||[[File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg|60px]] [[1981]] - [[1989]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 41 ||[[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]]||[[File:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait.jpg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[1989]] - 20 Mutarama [[1993]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 42 ||[[Bill Clinton|William Jefferson Clinton]]||[[File:Bill Clinton.jpg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[1993]] - 20 Mutarama [[2001]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 43 ||[[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]]||[[File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[2001]] - 20 Mutarama [[2009]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 44 ||[[Barack Obama|Barack Hussein Obama Jr.]]||[[File:Official portrait of Barack Obama.jpg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[2009]] - 20 Mutarama [[2017]]|| Democrat |- bgcolor="#FFE8E8" | 45 ||[[Donald Trump]]||[[File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[2017]] - 20 Mutarama [[2025]]|| Republican |- bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 46 ||[[Joe Biden.]]||[[File:Joe Biden official portrait 2013 cropped.jpg|60px]] 20 Mutarama [[2021]] - 20 Mutarama [[2025]]|| Democrat |} 2fxb6l3e8n843l61phfrttdizv6spha 14 3070 67163 60852 2013-03-14T05:46:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 106 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130129]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] hcr6bm0um8lousnfoqq04ddc36kseeb 14 3071 39577 14955 2011-09-03T00:46:36Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[eo:Kategorio:Prezidentoj]] (deleted), [[ru:Категория:Президенты]] (deleted), [[be:Катэгорыя:Прэзыдэнты краін]] (missing) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[az:Kateqoriya:Prezidentlər]] [[bg:Категория:Президенти]] [[cs:Kategorie:Prezidenti]] [[de:Kategorie:Staatspräsident]] [[en:Category:Presidents]] [[fi:Luokka:Presidentit]] [[id:Kategori:Presiden]] [[ko:분류:대통령]] [[lv:Kategorija:Valsts prezidenti]] [[nl:Categorie:President]] [[nn:Kategori:Presidentar]] [[no:Kategori:Presidenter]] [[pl:Kategoria:Prezydenci państw świata]] [[sq:Category:Kryetarë]] [[zh:Category:总统]] gymsku9sh2t5qklwks7h4pz1dnghe7l 0 3074 81590 78888 2022-01-31T11:13:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Barack Obama</span>]] [[Dosiye:Barack_Obama_-_2008.jpg|thumb|Barack Obama - 2008]] [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america]] '''Barack Obama''' cyangwa '''Barack Hussein Obama''' ([[4 Kanama]] [[1961]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|44]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Barack Obama ukomoka ku mubyeyi w’umunya [[Kenya]] n’uw’umunyamerika yakuriye muri [[Hawai]] ndetse no muri [[Indoneziya]], yabaye umukorarabushake muri [[Chicago]], uwunganira abandi mu manza, akaba yaraje kuba senateur wa [[Illinois]], Barack Obama yabaye ku mugarago perezida wa leta zunze ubumwe z’America ku italiki ya [[20 Mutarama]] [[2009]]. Uru ni urugendo rwe kuva muri senat ya leta ye ya Illinois kugera abaye perezida wa leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. [[File:Barack_Obama_Kohl_Center.jpg|thumb|Barack Obama Kohl Center]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.igihe.com/news-3-3-26.html Barack Obama Perezida wa 44 wa Leta Zunze ubumwe z`America] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] lfgimxwoukt41zsck6a34v7k8pcylff 14 3075 65560 64941 2013-03-11T10:32:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5838566]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 0 3076 81365 81344 2022-01-21T19:25:20Z НСНУ 10569 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="ttygtyyyrutufjfifjfjdjdjdjrjrhrhrururururfufutjgryuruururrey">Ibendera rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika</font>]] [[File:United States (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika</font>]] '''Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika''' mu mvugo ya rubanda abenshi bakunze kuvuga '''Amerika''' (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''America'') cyangwa '''Leta Zunze Ubumwe''' (izina mu Cyongereza: ''United States''). Ni leta zunze ubumwe zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Kuva muri 1959 igizwe na leta 50. Icyo gihugu kihariye 40 kw'ijana by'ubutaka bw'Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kikaba ari n'icya gatatu mu bunini kw'isi (nyuma y'[[Uburusiya]] na [[Kanada]]). Leta Zunze Ubumwe zavutse mu ntara 13 z'ubukonde bw'Abongereza. Muri leta 50 ziyigize 48 ziri ku murwa wa Amerika, [[Alaska]] na [[Hawaii]] biri kure kimwe n'ibindi birwa by'intara zegereye mu bya [[politiki]] (urugero [[Puwerito Riko]] na [[Gwami]]). Mu mwaka wa 1776 niho izo ntara zibohoje. [[Dosiye:Capitol washington dc.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|washington dc]] Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zituwe nabimukira bakomoka mu bihugu by'i Burayi n'abakomoka ku bantu bazanywe ari abacakara bazanywe gukorera Abanyaburayi mbere y'uko habaho inganda. Ba kavukire baho hasigaye bake bakomoka ku bacitse kw'icumu ry'imirwano hagati y'abimukira na ba kavukire gakondo. Kubera ubwiyagure bw'igihugu mu gice cy'uburengerazuba no kuzamuka mu by'inganda, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zazamutse vuba mu gaciro mu bindi bihugu mu kinyejana cya 19 nicya 20. Nyuma yo gutsindwa kw'ironda koko ryo mu [[Burayi]] (intambara yiswe iya kabiri y'isi yose) no gusenyuka kwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe bw'[[Abasowijeti]], Leta Zunze Ubumwe nizo zonyine leta [[nyiri ububasha]] (s''uperpower'') yasigaye kw'isi. <gallery perrow="3" widths=200px> Image:US_Capitol_dome_Jan_2006.jpg|US Capitol dome Jan 2006 Image:Las_Vegas_(Nevada,_USA),_The_Strip_--_2012_--_6232.jpg|Las Vegas (Nevada, USA), The Strip -- 2012 -- 6232 Image:Los_Angeles_(California,_USA),_South_Olive_Street_--_2012_--_4847.jpg||Los Angeles (California, USA), South Olive Street -- 2012 -- 4847 Image:San_Diego_(California,_USA),_Embarcadero_--_2012_--_5444.jpg|San Diego (California, USA), Embarcadero -- 2012 -- 5444 Image:President_Barack_Obama_with_full_cabinet_09-10-09.jpg|President [[Barack Obama]] with full cabinet 09-10-09 Image:Apollo 15 flag, rover, LM, Irwin cropped.jpg Image:Castillo de Disneyland.jpg Image:Golden Gate Bridge Clear.JPG Image:Lexington Battle Green, Lexington MA.jpg </gallery> == Kandi == * [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] * [[Perezidansi y'Amerika]] [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] hcl6o20n18q7zsltp97k2kyygp285lk 0 3077 13610 2010-12-26T04:42:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 0 3078 13611 2010-12-26T04:42:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 0 3080 13633 2010-12-26T11:42:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 14 3083 67380 59943 2013-03-16T01:17:45Z Vagrand 3765 wikidata.org/wiki/Q7395388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Afurika]] d335jm3arc1lgp8lv69x17oe02vj360 14 3084 64943 63031 2013-03-07T21:33:24Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 150 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4026633]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 14 3086 67142 61839 2013-03-14T05:36:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 20 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6945457]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Rwanda]] bi8skp4i0adapjo4kt3ea6dkz6yeidp 0 3087 81342 81341 2022-01-12T13:54:09Z 216.106.91.5 /* Ingombajwi */ Reverted back to original wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] [[File:WIKITONGUES- Daisy speaking Kinyarwanda.webm|thumb|Ikinyarwanda]] '''Ikinyarwanda''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Abanyarwanda]] n'abavuga Ikinyarwanda badatuye u Rwanda. Ikinyarwanda kivugwa mu Rwanda no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Ibindi bihugu bikikije u Rwanda bifite indimi zijya gusa n'Ikinyarwanda: Ikinyarwanda gisa n’[[Kirundi|Ikirundi]], ururimi rw’i [[Burundi]], rukanasa n’Igiha cyo muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''kin'''. Ikinyarwanda gifite umwanya ukomeye mu mibereho y’Abanyarwanda. Ni rwo rurimi ruha Abanyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kuranga isi, kugaragaza imbamutima, gushyikirana baganira, bungurana ibitekerezo no kugezanyaho ubutumwa. Ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda rufite uruhare rukomeye mu guhamya Umunyarwanda udafite isoni n’ubwoba by’umuco we kandi utisuzugura. Umuco w’u Rwanda ukeneye abawurinda n’abawubungabunga ngo hato imico y’amahanga itawumira. Iyo nshingano rero ni iy’Abanyarwanda ubwabo. Inzira ya mbere iriho ni ukwigisha Ikinyarwanda. Ku wa 21 Werurwe buri mwaka, u Rwanda rwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w'Ururimi Kavukire ari rwo: Ikinyarwanda. [[Ikinyanduga]] si cyo Kinyarwanda cyonyine, uretse ko abapadiri bashatse kwandika Ikinyarwanda bahera ku Kinyanduga, kuko abacyanditse bari i Kabgayi. Kwigisha Ikinyarwanda bihamye rero ni ugushimangira Ubunyarwanda. Ni ugushyikiriza umwana w’u Rwanda ibyo abakurambere bahanze bakabisigira Umunyarwanda wese ho umurage. Bityo kwiga Ikinyarwanda bikaba guhura n’ibyo kibumbatiye: uko giteye, ubugeni gihetse, umuco n’imyumvire y’Abanyarwanda. Ibi bisobanura ko kwigisha Ikinyarwanda ari ugufasha umwana w’u Rwanda kugicengera ari mu miterere yacyo no bwiza bwacyo: uko cyemerera ukivuga gutaka imvugo ye. Kwigisha Ikinyarwanda rero bikwiye kuba umwanya wo guha Umunyarwanda ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kumirwa n’amahanga, ibyiza agisangamo akabyamamaza, ibyo anenga akabikosora, akagikungahaza ngo gihangane n’iterambere isi ihorana. Ikinyarwanda kandi gifitemo amagambo menshi asa nayo mu rurimi rwitwa Ikizulu rw'abirabura bo muri Afurika y'Epfo,urugero; umuntu, abantu, ingwe, amazi, umutwaro, ingata, inyama, inyoni, iminwa, marume, umukwe, abatwa.[[File:Kuragira.jpg|thumb|Kuragira]] == Urutonde rw'inyuguti z’Ikinyarwanda == Ikinyarwanda kigizwe n'inyuguti 24: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Izi nyuguti 24 zirimo ibice 2: :Inyajwi 5: a e i o u :Ingombajwi (indagi) 19: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w y z <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="28" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- | colspan="28" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> Indagi zivamo ibihekane bigizwe n'inyuguti ebyiri, eshatu, ndetse hari n'ibigizwe n'inyuguti 4 bikongerwaho nabyo buri gihe inyajwi kugirango bivugike neza. :Urugero: Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingwombajwi ebyiri '''''nd,''''' wakongeraho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka ''nd'''a,''' nd'''e,''' nd'''i,''' nd'''o,''' nd'''u''''' ukandika ijambo indege. :Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingombajwi eshatu '''''ndw''''' kongera ho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka ''ndw'''a,''' ndw'''e,''' ndw'''i,''' ndw'''o,''' ndw'''u''''' ukandika ijambo indwara. :Ibihekane bigizwe n'ingombajwi enye '''''nshy''''' kongera ho inyajwi (a e i o u) bigahinduka ''nshy'''a,''' nshy'''e,''' nshy'''i,''' nshy'''o,''' nshy'''u''''' ukandika ijambo inshyushyu. == Ingombajwi == {| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ![[Ingombajwi y’inyaminwa|inyaminwa]] ![[Ingombajwi y’inyamwinyo|inyamwinyo]] ![[Ingombajwi y’inyeshinya|inyesongashinya]] !"Postalveolar" ![[Ingombajwi y’inyarusenge|inyarusenge]] ![[Ingombajwi y’incarusenga|incarusenga]] !"Labiovelar" !"Glottal" |- !Inturike |p b | |t d | |c ɟ |k ɡ | | |- ![[Ingombajwi y’inkubyi|inkubyi]] | |f v |s z |ʃ ʒ |ç | | |h |- ![[Ingombajwi y’inturike nkubyi|inturike nkubyi]] | | |ts |tʃ | | | | |- ![[Ingombajwi y’inyamazuru|inyamazuru]] |m | |n | |ɲ |ŋ | | |- !"Approximant" | | | | |j | |w | |- !"Tap or Flap" | | |ɾ | | | | | |} == Inyajwi == {| class="IPA wikitable" |- ! ! [[Inyajwi y’imbere|imbere]] ! "Back" |-align=center !"Close" | i | u |-align=center !"Close-mid" | e | o |- |-align=center ![[Inyajwi y’inyatu|inyatu]] |colspan=2| a |} == == {| class="wikitable"umusumari ! || umugereka || ubuke || urugero |- | I || ''(u)mu-'' || ''(a)ba-'' ||umuntu/ abantu |- | II || ''(u)mu-'' || ''(i)mi-'' ||umurima/ imirima |- | III || ''(i)(ri)-'' || ''(a)ma-'' ||iriba/ amariba |- | IV || ''(i)ki-'' or ''(i)gi-'' || ''(i)bi-'' ||ikiganza/ ibiganza |- | V || ''(i)n-'' || ''(i)n-'' ||indimu (imwe)/ indimu (ebyiri) |- | VI || ''(u)ru-'' || ''(i)n-'' ||urugero/ ingero |- | VII || ''(a)ka-'' || ''(u)tu-'' ||akarabo/ uturabo |- | VIII || ''(u)bu-'' || ''(u)bu-'' ||ubute/ ubute (?) |- | IX || ''(u)ku-'' || ''(a)ma-'' ||ukuguru/ amaguru |- | X || ''(a)ha-'' || ''(a)ha-'' ||ahantu (hamwe)/ abantu (henshi) |} == == {| classe="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" | "Class" ! colspan="2" | ubumwe ! colspan="2" | ubwinshi |- !indomo !Ikinyazina ngenera !indomo !Ikinyazina ngenera |- ! 1 | umu || wa || aba || ba |- ! 2 | umu || wa || imi || ya |- ! 3 | i, in || ya || i, in || za |- ! 4 | iki || cya || ibi || bya |- ! 5 | i(ri) || rya || ama || ya |- ! 6 | uru || rwa || in || za |- ! 7 | aka || ka || utu || twa |- ! 8 | ubu || bwa || ama || ya |- ! 9 | uku || kwa || ama || ya |- ! 10 | aha || ha || || |} == == {|class=wikitable ! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! || || |- |1 (ubumwe)|| umu || mu || wa || uyu || uwo || uriya || wa || n, u, a || n, ku, mu |- |1 (ubwinshi)|| aba || ba || ba || aba || abo || bariya || ba || tu, mu, ba || tu, ba, ba |- |2 (ubumwe)|| umu || mu || wa || uyu || uwo || uriya || wa || u || wu |- |2 (ubwinshi)|| imi || mi || ya || iyi || iyo || iriya || ya || i || yi |- |3 (ubumwe) || i, in || n || ya || iyi || iyo || iriya || ya || i || yi |- | 3 (ubwinshi) || i, in || n || za || izi || izo || ziriya || za || zi || zi |- |4 (ubumwe) || iki || ki || cya || iki || icyo || kiriya || cya || ki || ki |- | 4 (ubwinshi) || ibi || bi || bya || ibi || ibyo || biriya || bya || bi || bi |- |5 (ubumwe) || i || ri || rya || iri || iryo || ririya || rya || ri || ri |- | 5 (ubwinshi) || ama || ma || ya || aya || ayo || ariya || ya || a || ya |- |6 (ubumwe)|| uru || ru || rwa || uru || urwo || ruriya || rwa || ru || ru |- | 6 (ubwinshi) || in || n || za || izi || izo || ziriya || za || zi || zi |- |7 (ubumwe) || aka || ka || ka || aka || ako || kariya || ka || ka || ka |- | 7 (ubwinshi) || utu || tu || twa || utu || utwo || turiya || twa || tu || tu |- |8 (ubumwe) || ubu || bu || bwa || ubu || ubwo || buriya || bwa || bu || bu |- | 8 (ubwinshi) || ama || ma || ya || aya || ayo || ariya || ya || a || ya |- |9 (ubumwe) || uku || ku || kwa || uku || ukwo || kuriya || kwa || ku || ku |- | 9 (ubwinshi) || ama || ma || ya || aya || ayo || ariya || ya || a || ya |- | 10(ubumwe/ubwinshi) || aha || ha || ha || aha || aho || hariya || ha || ha || ha |} == Imyandikire == '''[http://www.editions-sources-du-nil.fr/Photoshop/ImyandikireyikinyarwandaOfficial_Gazette_no_41_bis_of_13.10.2014.pdf Imyandikire y’ikinyarwanda]''' == Imiyoboro == * http://marshill.org/refugees/files/2010/07/Kinyarwanda-English-Dictionary.pdf * Coupez André et alii, 2006 ''Inkoranya y íkinyarwaanda mu kinyarwaanda nó mu gifaraansá = Dictionnaire Rwanda-Rwanda et Rwanda-Français'', Institut de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (Butare, Rwanda) et Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale (Belgique). * Shimamungu Eugène, 1998, ''Le kinyarwanda, initiation à une langue bantu'', Paris, L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7384-6211-1 [[Category:Kinyarwanda]] 2ajuscdbv8k6jlxe9rz9djm50e1sd7d 0 3088 78298 64945 2021-08-24T01:38:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Joghurt.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yawurute </font>]] '''Yawurute''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] ''yoğurt'') Ku bantu bafata ibyo biribwa [[Ibikomoka ku mata|bikomoka ku mata]] birimo nka [[foromaje]], yawurute, abakoreweho igenzura basanze bafite amahirwe macye yo gufatwa n’indwara z’umutima kurusha abatarigeze bafata ibyo biribwa. Umubiri ukenera kandi ibikomoka ku mata : [[amata]], yawurute, foromaje ibi bitanga karisiyumu ikomeza amagufa , poroteyine kimwe na vitamini A,B,C. [[Dosiye:Milk glass.jpg|center|thumb|361x361px|amata]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] poe2etfjloank14y4gqb3anf30jth8a 0 3089 77834 77643 2021-08-18T00:48:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Export_Treemap.png|thumb|Ikarita y'ijanisha ryibicuruzwa by'u Rwanda bijya hanze y'igihugu (Export )]] [[Dosiye:Coffee_cuppers.jpg|thumb|RIEPA n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y'igihugu birimo Icyayi ndetse n' ikawa, n'imyambaro bikorerwa mu Rwanda.]] '''RIEPA''' akaba ari amagambo ahinnye akomoka ku magambo y [[Icyongereza]] "''Rwanda Investment and Export Promotion Agency''" twasobanura mu kinyarwanda ko ari '''Ikigo cy Igihugu Gishinzwe Gutsura Ishoramari''' no kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ni ikigo cyashyizweho na Leta kugirango gishyire mu bikorwa itegeko rigenga ishoramari (investment code/code des investissements) rigamije guha abashoramari ibyangombwa bibafasha mu bikorwa byabo binyujijwe mu Biro rukumbi (''Guichet Unique/One Stop centre'') . Itegeko rishyiraho icyo kigo ryemejwe taliki 18/12/1998 rikaba rifite umubare 14/98. Inshingano yacyo ya mbere akaba ari ugufasha abikorera ku giti cyabo baba abanyamahanga cyangwa abanyarwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-26 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Artisanat rwandais-Festival international de géographie 2011.jpg|center|thumb|trader]] [[Dosiye:Rwandair Express Boeing 737-500 Mutzair.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwandair]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] obxrb20ss0irr8kk5jnk4m2y22novix 0 3090 81714 79141 2022-01-31T11:32:35Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the East African Community.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[File:Africa-countries-EAC.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika</span>]] [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|thumb|President Kagame]] '''Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika''' (EAC; izina mu [[Cyongereza]] ''East African Community''). Ni umuryango uhuriwemo n’ibihugu 5 ari byo u [[Burundi]], [[Kenya]], u [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]] na [[Uganda]],1 mu gihe ibi bihugu bigize uyu muryango bishyigikiye ko habaho leta imwe bihuriyeho amperereza yakozwe ku banyatanzaniya yagaragaje ko 80% batabishyigikiye 2 tanzanita ifite ubutaka bunini binaruta ubw’ibindi bihugu byose byose muri uyu muryango biteranye. Kandi abanyatanzaniya bakaba banafite ubwoba ko ubutaka bwabo bwazigarurirwa n’abaturage bakomoka mu bindi bihugu bigize umuryango n’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba bwa afurika :Ibura ry’ubutaka buhagije ni ikibazo kiriho muri afurika y’iburasirazuba by’umwihariko muri kenya aho amakimbirane yabereye i Mount Elgon yabaye mu mwaka wa 2007 yahitanye abantu barenga 150 abandi barenga 60.000 bakavanwa mu byabo [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|Burundi]] Uyu Muryango washyizweho mu wa [[1993]], ukaba igizwe na Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda. Watangiye mu by ukuri, mu wa 1996, ubwo Arusha muri Tanzania haberaga imihango yo gushyiraho Ubunyamabanga Bukuru bwawo. [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|thumb|220x220px|Uganda]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|Rwanda ]] Kuko amarembo y ubukungu bw u Rwanda yerekeza mu Uburasirazuba, ni cyo cyatumye ku wa 12 Nzeri 1996, u Rwanda rwarasabye kwinjira muri ''East African Community''. U Rwanda rwemerewe mu 2006 kuba umunyamuryango. == Intego za EAC == Uyu Muryango ugamije: gushimangira ubufatanye hagamijwe imibereho myiza y abaturage; imikoreshereze myiza y umutungo kamere no kurengera ibidukikije; gushimangira uruhare rw uburinganire mu iterambere; guharanira amahoro, umutekano n imibanire myiza y ibihugu bigize uwo Muryango; guharanira kugera kuri ''customs union/single market'' . == Icyerekezo cya EAC == Gushyiraho urubuga rumwe ruhuriweho n ibihugu bigize uwo Muryango (''Political Federation''). [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] m189qyw4brcyawuzbmkibjq2co53dnf 0 3091 13682 2010-12-26T14:27:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] ai02wce2zuq1c32m3acjfo1xn8hd2q8 14 3092 13685 2010-12-26T14:32:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Sosiyete Sivili]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Sosiyete Sivili]] ggom6ct7q0phj1bslaw3cyzk6jx2qwl 0 3093 81639 78986 2022-01-31T11:21:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mapa CEEAC.PNG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati</span>]] '''Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati''' cyangwa '''Uyu Muryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo Hagati''' (ECCAS cyangwa CEEAC ; izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''Economic Community of Central African States'' ; izina mu [[Gifaransa]]: ''Communauté Économique des États d'Afrique Centrale'') ni umuryango ugamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’[[Afurika]] yo hagati. Intego zawo ni ukugera k’ubwigenge ibihugu bihuriyeho kuzamura ikigero cy’imibereho y’abaturage batuye ibihugu biwugize no guharanira ko hatabaho ihungabana ry’ubukungu binyuze mu bufatanye burimo umucyo. Uyu Muryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo Hagati wavutse mu wa 1983. Ugizwe n’ibihugu 11 byo muri ako Karere harimo n’u Rwanda [[Dosiye:Confederate 100 Dollars.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amadorari]] == Intego za ECCAS/CEEAC == CEEAC/ECCAS igamije: guteza imbere ubukungu bw’ibihugu mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, umutungo kamere, ubucuruzi, inganda, itumanaho, gutwara ibintu n’abantu; guharanira imibereho myiza y’abaturage; gukuraho imisoro n’amahoro; gushyiraho politiki y’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu; gushyiraho Ikigega cy ubufatanye bugamije iterambere; gufasha ibihugu bikennye kurusha ibindi. == Icyerekezo cya ECCAS/CEEAC == CEEAC ubu ifite gahunda yo kuvugurura imikorere mu rwego rw’ubukungu no gukemura ibibazo bihungabanya amahoro n’umutekano. [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] mv70mg691hyipis6kslvxq6pp930hxh 0 3094 13695 2010-12-26T15:16:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]] c5ciwezkce778cfqfsxk1a08glvkym7 0 3095 13696 2010-12-26T15:16:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]] c5ciwezkce778cfqfsxk1a08glvkym7 0 3096 77857 64948 2021-08-18T02:09:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of SADC.svg|thumb|250px]] [[File:SADC and SACU.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo</font>]] '''Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo''' cyangwa '''Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’amajyepfo''' (SADC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''Southern African Development Community'') Muri [[Mata]] [[1980]], ni bwo havutse Inama yitwaga ''Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference / SADCC'', igamije gukura ku ngoyi ya gikolonize na politike ya ''apartheid'' ku bihugu bikikije [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Iyo nama ni yo yaje kuvamo SADC nk’uko izwi ubu, ku wa [[17 Kanama]] [[1992]], i Windhoek muri [[Namibia]]. == Intego n amahame bya SADC == Intego z’ingenzi z’uyu Muryango, ni ubusugire; ubufatanye, amahoro n’umutekano; uburenganzira bwa muntu, demokarasi no kubaka igihugu kigendera ku mategeko; ubureshye no gusangira ibyiza n’inyungu bituruka ku kwishyira hamwe; gukemura amakimbirane binyuze mu bwumvikane, n’ibindi. [[Dosiye:MEDFLAG 2010, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, September 2010 (5029396833).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|SADC]] == Icyerekezo cya SADC == Ibihugu bigize SADC birateganya gukuraho imisoro n’amahoro (''Free Trade Area'') mu wa 2008, bityo rikaba isoko rimwe ryagutse. [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] ftjr88bxtno44ogm7xc9rgtdm1qjjkw 0 3097 13705 2010-12-26T15:51:19Z 88.226.233.55 Redirected page to [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]] 061kmlf9wqjub9uyy8qd1mhoywqunkr 0 3098 13706 2010-12-26T15:51:46Z 88.226.233.55 Redirected page to [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]] 061kmlf9wqjub9uyy8qd1mhoywqunkr 0 3102 13740 2010-12-26T17:28:04Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Perezidansi y'Amerika]] to [[Perezidansi y’Amerika]]: ’ wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Perezidansi y’Amerika]] 1k654kb6bgb5pkw5uy7zgb8ubzrggho 14 3104 67447 63472 2013-04-02T18:53:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7235741]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Politiki]] ogh409ekw2n1pqlwn0zgtde9cddcnhq 0 3105 77720 71040 2021-08-15T15:36:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Other_trade_blocks_in_Africa.svg|thumb|177x177px|'''Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika (AEC)''']] [[Dosiye:Opening_Plenary_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2008.jpg|thumb|179x179px|World Economic Forum on Africa ]] '''Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika''' (AEC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''African Economic Community'') ni umuryango uhuriza hamwe ibihugu by’[[Afurika]] hagamije gushaka ko uko ubukungu bwakomera mu bihugu byinshi by’Afurika .mu mugambi z’uyu muryango hariho gushyiraho isoko rusange ry’ubucuruzi, guhuza za gasutamo, gushyiraho isoko rimwe, banki imwe rusange, ifaranga rimwe gutyo bigashyiraho ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bikoresha ifaranga rimwe. [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] pdiq73aba13y0usdv8ljzdwyfcgfspz 0 3110 78003 69076 2021-08-20T01:44:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">ibendera rya Umuryango w’Abibumye</font>]] [[File:United Nations Members.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuryango w’Abibumye</font>]] '''Umuryango w’Abibumye''' ('''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza, '''ONU''' mu magambo ahinnye gifaransa; izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''United Nations'' cyangwe ''Organisation des Nations Unis'' ) ni wo mugari ku [[Isi]], ukaba warashyizweho muri [[Kamena]] [[1945]], ubu ukaba ugizwe n’ibihugu 192. == Intego za UN/ONU == Umuryango w’Abibumbye ugamije ibi by’ingenzi bikurikira: kubumbatira amahoro n’umutekano ku isi; gukumira ibikorwa byose bigamije guhungabanya umutekano, mu rwego rw’akarere no ku Isi hose; guteza imbere imibanire myiza y’ibihugu ishingiye ku ihame ry’ubureshye bw’abantu imbere y’amategeko; kugera ku bufatanye mpuzamahanga nyabwo hakemurwa ibibazo bishingiye ku bukungu, imibereho, ubumenyi, uburenganzira bwa muntu, n’ibindi. [[File:UN General Assembly hall.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Umuryango w’Abibumye</font>]] U Rwanda, ruzirikana izi ntego zose twavuze haruguru kandi rutanga umusanzu warwo ku gihe, kabone n’ubwo hari byinshi runenga imikorere y’uyu Muryango, cyane cyane Inama Ishinzwe Amahoro ku Isi (''Security Council/Conseil de Sécurité''). Iyi Nama ni yo ishinzwe ibikorwa bya buri munsi, bijyanye no kubumbatira amahoro n’umutekano ku Isi. Ariko, mu wa 1994, ntabwo yagaragaje ubushake bwo gukumira cyangwa se guhagarika jenoside, bitewe n’inyungu za bimwe mu bihugu n’amashyirahamwe y amahanga anyuranye; cyane cyane bimwe mu bihugu bitanu bifitemo icyicaro gihoraho (Permanent seat/Membre Permanent). Ubu harasuzumwa uburyo bw’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya raporo y akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye izwi ku izana rya Raporo Carlson (Perezida w’ako Kanama) hamwe n’iy’akanama k’[[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika]] (''Organization of African Unity- OAU/Organisation de l Unité Africaine-OUA''), ku bijyanye n’uruhare rw’amahanga mu kudahagarika no kudakumira [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|jenoside]] yabaye mu [[Rwanda]] mu wa 1994. == Icyerekezo cya UN/ONU == [[File:The_United_Nations_Secretariat_Building.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuryango w’Abibumye</font>]] Harasuzumwa kandi n’uburyo UN/ONU yavugururwa muri rusange, cyane cyane hagakurwaho veto power/droit de veto kandi umubare w ibihugu bigize iriya Nama ukongerwa (Afurika ikabonamo imyanya ibiri ihoraho). Iki kiganiro cyasobanuye impamvu ari ngombwa ko u Rwanda rwinjira mu miryango mpuzamahanga yo mu rwego rw’akarere, urwa Afurika ndetse no mu rwego rw’isi, cyane cyane muri iki gihe cy’ikomatanyabukungu. Cyerekanye uburyo iyo miryango yagiye ishyirwaho n’intego igamije mu nzego zinyuranye zirimo urw’ubukungu, umutekano, imibereho myiza n’ibindi. Cyagaragaje kandi akamaro iyo miryango ifitiye u Rwanda n’ako imwe muri yo yirengagije kugirira u Rwanda mu bihe bikomeye rwahuye na byo. [[Dosiye:Sargent, John Singer (RA) - Gassed - Google Art Project.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|kubungabunga Amahoro]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Abibumye| ]] 1otja9pbmvqckw8i24knjatjd7jq363 0 3111 13795 2010-12-26T20:55:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] h9s4p24ktsciqtt9bt4ub3ky22kmala 0 3112 13796 2010-12-26T20:55:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] h9s4p24ktsciqtt9bt4ub3ky22kmala 0 3113 13797 2010-12-26T20:55:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] h9s4p24ktsciqtt9bt4ub3ky22kmala 14 3114 64951 62699 2013-03-07T21:34:54Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1458160]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imiryango]] e6iwaldo92xh4b2ogyls4btigrw7i6p 14 3115 64952 64220 2013-03-07T21:35:05Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5613113]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Politiki]] [[Category:Umuryango]] i2dkni5jm08lsw1c3lpclw47yqensag 14 3119 64953 60613 2013-03-07T21:35:16Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6178741]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imiryango]] e6iwaldo92xh4b2ogyls4btigrw7i6p 14 3121 67437 56565 2013-04-02T18:50:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 45 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7215578]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Isi]] [[Category:Ubukungu]] 2gu6ttu6c11wjhoetwyajrgwr1t4yw9 0 3122 81527 76401 2022-01-31T11:03:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Colouring pencils.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amabara</span>]] [[File:ColorRotateHr.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amabara</span>]] '''Ibara''' Igisha umwana wawe kumenya '''amabara y’ibanze''' ([[umutuku]], [[umuhondo]], [[ubururu]]) ndetse n’'''amabara y’isumbuye''' (umutuku + umuhondo = [[ikijuju]]; umuhondo + ubururu = [[icyatsi kibisi]]; umutuku + ubururu= [[ikivuzo]]) [[Dosiye:IbaraShiKennai.png|thumb|Amabara]] == Amabara == * [[File:Solid white bordered.png|50px]]'''[[Umweru]]''' * [[File:Boneblack.jpg|50px]]'''[[Umukara]]''' * [[File:Dgrd pfm.noe.svg|50px]]'''[[Umutuku]]''' * [[File:Solid yellow.svg|50px]]'''[[Umuhondo]]''' * [[File:Solid_blue.svg|50px]]'''[[Ubururu]]''' * [[File:Solid purple.png|50px]]'''[[Idoma]]''' * [[File:Solid orange.svg|50px]]'''[[Umuhondo ukabije]]''' * [[File:Chromiumoxidegreen.jpg|50px]]'''[[Icyatsi]]''' * [[File:Solid pink.svg|50px]] '''[[Iroza]]''' * [[File:Solid brown.svg|50px]]'''[[Ikigina]]''' * [[File:Solid grey.svg|50px]]'''[[Ikijuju]]''' [[Category:Amabara| ]] 3gzwi358ipl974jw2o7z792alwv68yf 14 3123 67436 59225 2013-04-02T18:49:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 81 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8857950]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 3124 81796 77291 2022-01-31T11:45:19Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Global Map of Male Circumcision Prevalence by Country.svg|thumb|250px|Gusiramura]] [[File:Adult male external genitalia.jpg|thumb|250px|Gusiramura]] [[File:Plastibell circumcision.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gusiramura</span>]] '''Gusiramura''' ni uburyo bumwe bugendanye n’isuku ikorwa ku mubiri w’igitsina gabo by’umwihariko ku bwambure bw’umugabo cyangwa mu yindi mvugo havugwa ''[[igitsina cy’umugabo]]'' cyangwa ''igitsina cy’umwana w’umuhungu''. Ubundi ku bantu bari mu miryango cyangwa ibihugu bakora icyo gikorwa baba bumva ari ibintu bisanzwe. Ariko ku bandi bakomoka aho bidakorwa baba babona biteye ubwoba kuko rimwe na rimwe ntibaba bazi akamaro kabyo. Gusiramura rero bivugwaho byinshi. Nifuje ko guhera uyu munsi umenya amakuru nyayo kuri byo, kuko birakureba, niba atari wowe bazabaho ni umugabo wawe, musaza wawe, murumuna wawe, n’abandi. Ni uburyo babaga agahu ko ku [[gitsina cy’abagabo]] (''pénis''), ako gahu kaba gapfundikiye umutwe w’igitsina (''gland''), iyo kavanyweho umutwe usigara hanze. Ahanini abagabo basiramuye bagira uburyohe mu gihe cy’imibonano bungana n’ubwabadasiramuye. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ahabazwe mu gihe cyo gusiramura hasigara inkovu, hari abagabo usanga bibangamiye cyangwa bakababara mu gihe cy’imibonano bitewe n’uburyo iyo nkovu yakize. Hari abantu usanga barwanya iki gikorwa mu bihugu byateye imbere kuburyo bakora amashyirahamwe abirwanya. Kubwabo banga ko abana babagwa kandi ntabyo baba basabye. Bakaba bumva ko bajya bareka abana bagakura akaba aribo bihitiramo kwisiramuza igihe bumva babishatse. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere aho amazi atoroshye kubona, gisiramura bifasha mu buryo bw’isuku. Kuko hari umwanda ugenda wibika munsi y’agahu gapfundikiye umutwe w’igitsina. Iyo rero igitsina gisiramuye uwo mwanda ntawubaho. Ku badasiramuye bari ahantu hahora amazi, ni ngombwa koga buri munsi maze ugasunika agahu gapfundikiye igitsina kugirango woze umwanda wibika munsi yako. [[File:Covenant of Abraham.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ni umuco wahozeho kera mu bayahudi</span>]] Gusiramura ni ugukuraho uruhu ruto ruzengurutse igitsina cy’umugabo uhereye ku mutwe wacyo, ukaba ari umuco wamamaye cyane mu Bayahudi bitewe n’imyemerere yabo, aho basiramuraga umwana w’umuhungu umaze iminsi 8 avutse. Mbere y`ubugimbi (''puberté''). Buri gihugu kigira umwihariko wacyo. Gusiraura birababaza cyane niyo mpamvu abaganga batera ikinya (''anesthésie'') ugiye gusiramurwa. Hari igihe gusiramura bikorwa nko kuvura, urugero nk’igihe agahu gapfundikira igitsina gafashe cyane kuburyo kanga gusubira inyuma ngo umutwe usohoke. Icyo gihe bivurwa no gusiramura. [[Abayisilamu]] ndeste n’[[abayahudi]]. Naho aba [[gatolika]] (''catholique''), [[abaporo]] (''protestantisme'') na [[budisite]] (''bouddhisme'') ntabwo bakegeka icyo gikorwa. Umugabo usiramuye asohora nk’umundi mugabo wese udasiramuye. Gusiramura ntacyo bihindura ku gusohora, ntibyongera igihe ntibinakigabanya. == Urugero == [[File:Circumcision central Asia2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gusiramura muri Turukisitani</span>]] Nko kuba waracitse akaguru bitewe n’impanuka runaka, cyangwa ugacika akaboko cyangwa amaguru abiri, cyangwa yombi cyangwa se ubundi bumuga bwose waba ufite bitewe n’impanuka ariko ibindi bice byose by’umubiri bikora, ibyo byose twavuze ntibyakubuza kwisiramuza kuko ntacyo byaguhungabanya ku buzima bwawe usanganywe. N’ubumuga busanzwe abantu babubona nko guhuma amaso kuba ikiragi kuba utumva n’ubundi bumuga bwose tutarondoye mubona. Ikigamijwe ahangaha ni ukumvikanisha uko aba Bantu bose twavuze bemerewe gusiramurwa igihe cyose abaye ari igitsina gabo. Twavuze ku mwana ufite icyumweru kimwe, cyangwa se ukivuka, tuvuga no ku musore n’umugabo ndetse n’abasaza n’abo muri abo twavuze bahuye n’ubumuga umusomyi yakwibaza ati: gusiramurwa uri umwana no gusiramurwa uri mukuru ikiza ni ikihe? Byose ni byiza ku bantu bakuru biterwa n’igihe ubimenyeye kandi ugahita ubishyira mu bikorwa. Ibyiza tubona ni uko basiramurwa bakiri bato kuberako icyo gihe usiramuwe ntashobora kwitoneka ikindi kiza muri byo, iyo amaze gukura, agasanga asiramuye yumvako ariko yavutse kuberako aba atazi igihe yasiramuriwe. Ariko uko agenda akura, igihe kiragera akabimenya abibwiwe n’abandi cyangwa se nawe ubwe igihe kiragera akazabyimenyera; ko abona ba bahungu bavuka basiramuye ahubwo basiramurwa bakimara kuvuka kandi nawe ubwe aba abyibonera kubera ko aba amaze gusobanukirwa buri kimwe cyose. Aha rero kumvikanisha ko buri mugabo wese atisiramuza yakwihutira kwisiramuza kuberako ari isuku kuri we nk’uko twigeze kubivugaho haruguru kuko birinda n’indwara zandurira mumibonano mpuzabitsina nku’ko muri buze kubisanga muri iki gitabo. == Gusiramura na [[SIDA]] == <div style="float:right; margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; width:320px; text-align:center"> [[File:The ridged band of the foreskin.jpg|120px|]] [[File:High and tight circumcision style.jpg|180px|]]<br /> <small>''Gusiramura'' </small> </div> Igihe habayeho imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (nta gakingirizo), ibyago byo kwandura [[SIDA]] ku mugabo usiramuye ni bike ugereranyije n’udasiramuye. Biterwa n’uko gusiramura bituma umubiri ugize umutwe w’igitsina ukomera, igihe umutwe ugipfundikiwe na kagahu ubaworoshye cyane. Uko koroha niko guha inzira virusi itera SIDA mu gihe cy’imibonano idakingiye. Ariko ntibivuzeko abasiramuye batayandura n’ubwo bo atari cyane nk’udasiramuye. Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Sida]] ([[CNLS]]) Dr Anita Asiimwe ngo iyi gahunda yakorewe igeragezwa mu turere twa Nyanza na Musanze, aho byagaragaye ko byitabiriwe n’umubare w’abantu benshi. Kugirango iyi gahunda ibashe gushyirwa mu bikorwa neza, Kirota Kyampof Umuhuzabikorwa muri CNLS yatangaje ko guhera tariki ya 13 Ukuboza 2010 haratangira guhugurwa abaforomo 3 muri buri kigo nderabuzima, abaforomo 4 ndetse n’abaganga mu bitaro, aho bazaba bahabwa amahugurwa ku gikorwa cyo gusiramura. Iki gikorwa kizajya gikorerwa ku bigo nderabuzima ndetse n’ibitaro kandi bikorwe nta gahato. == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140820032545/http://www.shiyarwanda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=171%3A1&catid=1%3A1&Itemid=16 www.shiyarwanda.com Gusiramura] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-8-15-9422.html Menya amakuru nyakuri ku gusiramura (circoncision, circumcision)] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-8-14-9133.html Gahunda yo gusiramura izatwara akayabo ka miriyari 53 na miriyoni 910] [[Category:Umuti]] [[Category:Islam]] 33tl8f6ul7pgvb5ahja5wjp4sglplt4 0 3129 78016 77925 2021-08-20T02:17:14Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Endocrine Czech.svg|thumb|261x261px]] '''Ubuzima bw’imyororokere''' *[[Imyororokere y’abantu]] *[[Gahunda y’imyororokere]] *[[Igitsina cy’umugabo]] *[[Igitsina cy’umugore]][[Dosiye:Russian Porno Comic alphabet (1890) ж 1.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|sex]] [[Category:Umuti]] elrw5f5nkn0kagiauhg0k6e39pbmubb 0 3130 81786 71841 2022-01-31T11:43:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Examination of the foreskin retractability.jpg|thumb|140px|Igitsina cy’umugabo]] [[File:Labelled flaccid penis.jpg|thumb|140px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitsina cy’umugabo</span>]] [[File:Keeping foreskin retracted.jpg|thumb|140px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitsina cy’umugabo</span>]] [[File:Anatomically Complete Circumcision 1.JPG|thumb|140px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitsina cy’umugabo (Gusiramura)</span>]] [[File:Blood vessels on penis.jpg|thumb|140px]] '''Igitsina cy’umugabo''' cyangwa '''Imboro''' umwanya mwibarukiro w’[[umugabo]]. Ku ishusho urabona imyanya ndangagitsina y’imbere n’inyuma ku muhungu. Urabona [[imboro]], [[imiyoborantanga]], [[umuyoborankari]], [[uruhago]], [[imiyoboramasohoro]] n’[[amabya]]. Igitsina cy’umugabo kigizwe n’umukaya woroshye n’imitsi myinshi y’amaraso.Iyo amaraso menshi ageze mu gitsinagabo, kirabyimba kigashyukwa. Igitsina cy’umugabo ni cyo gisohora inkari n’amasohoro. Iyo umuhungu akoze imibonano mpuzabitsina, igihe cyo kurangiza asohora intanga zivanze n’amasohoro. Ushobora kwizera ko ayo masohoro asohotse mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina atarimo inkari, kubera ko uruhago ruba rufunze mu gihe imboro iba ihagaze. Amabya abiri ari mu gasaho nk’uko bisanzwe rimwe iruhande rw’irindi. Mu mabya ni ho hakorerwa intanga-ngabo ni na ho zibikwa. Intanga-ngabo zinyura mu miyoborantanga ziva mu mabya zisohoka. Zigisohoka mu mabya,zihita zivanga n’amasohoro yakorewe mu miyoboramasohoro. == Indwara == '''[[Indwara ya peyronie]]''' : iva ku kubabara kugenda kuba mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, ibyo bigatuma habaho ahantu hakomeye habuza igitsina kwirambura neza mu gihe gifashe umurego (''érection'') maze bigatuma cyigonda. Ibi nibyo kenshi bitera ububabare bw’igitsina. Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya peyronie: :Kuribwa mu gihe cyo gushyukwa :Ahantu hakomeye hatuma igitsina cyigonda :Rimwe na rimwe uko kwigonda gushobora kubuza imibonano mpuzabitsina gukorwa '''[[Gukomereka]]''' : kuvunika kw’ahantu hatuma igitsina kibasha gufata umurego, aho hakaba haherereye munsi y’uruhu. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’impanuka. Uku gukomereka gushobora no gutuma umuyoboro w’inkari wangirika cyangwa se ukanacika. Ibimenyetso bijyanye gukomereka (''trauma'') nko mu gihe cy'impanuka: :Kuribwa gukabije :Kuribwa kujyanye no kubyimba kw’ahaba hababaye, cyangwa se hakirabura. Hashobora no kuba hacitse igisebe. :Kujojoba kugaragara igihe umuyoboro w’inkari wangiritse, icyo gihe kujojoba guterwa n’uko uruhago rwuzuye cyangwa rurimo ubusa. Igihe umuyoboro wangiritse igice, ashobora gukomeza kwihagarika n’ubwo bimugora. Ariko igihe umuyoboro wacitsemo kabiri neza, kunyara biramunanira noneho akaribwa munda. '''[[Ibintu bidasanzwe bisohoka mu gitsina]]''' cyangwa '''Ibintu bisohoka mu gitsina badasanzwe''' (''discharge, écoulement''): bwa mbere na mbere bishobora guterwa n’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, cyane cyane iyitwa ''chlamydia''. Izo ndwara kandi zishobora no kwandurira mu mibonano yo mu kanwa (''sexe oral'') cyangwa yo mu kibuno. :Ibisohoka bishobora gusa nk’ibibonerana, nk’umuhondo, nk’amaraso, nk’icyatsi, nk’ibifashe, cyangwa bimase (''collant, sticky''). :Ibi usanga bijyanye n’ububabare mu kunyara cyangwa se ntibunahabe. '''Priapisme''' : Ishobora guterwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo igihe biteye imiti yo kugirango igihe cyo gushyukwa kibe kirekire, ibyo bikorwa kenshi n'abafite ikibazo cyo kudatinda, cyangwa se batanashyukwa namba. Gukomereka kw'umutsi wo mu gitsina bigatuma uba utagishoboye gukamura amaraso aza mu gitsina mu gihe cyo gushyukwa. Imiti nka ''anticoagulants'', ''neuroleptiques'' na ''psychotropes'' nayo ishobora gutera icyo kibazo. :Gushyukwa kudahagarara (kurengeje amasaha ane), biba byatewe n’uko amaraso aba yaheze mu gitsina. :Kuribwa kuza ntakintu kibaye kandi kugatinda :Kuribwa kuza gutewe n’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Gutwara neza igitsina no kwirinda kugihungabanya, kugikomeretsa no kukibabaza. Igihe igitsina cyakomeretse, fata barafu (''glaçons'') ushyire mu mwenda maze ukoze ku gitsina ahakomeretse, hanyuma hagarika imibonano, maze unywe imiti igabanya ububabare nka paracetamol, cyangwa se brufen. Kuri priapisme, naho fata agatambaro ushyiremo barafu ushyire ku gitsina, nibiramuka byanze nyuma y’isaha imwe igitsina kigifite umurego, ihutire kwa muganga kuko ibi bishobora kwangiza ibigize igitsina bituma gifata umurego (''érection''). == Kandi == * [[Gusiramura]] * [[Ubuzima bw’imyororokere]] * [[SIDA]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.ubuzima.org/rhm.html Imyanya ndangagitsina y'imbere n'inyuma ku mugabo n'akamaro kayo] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-8-14-9070.html Ibibazo by’igitsina cy’umugabo (penis) : igice cya kabiri] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-8-14-8930.html Ibibazo by’igitsina cy'umugabo (penis) : Igice cya mbere] * [http://payson.tulane.edu/gsdl-2.73/collect/tracnonv/archives/HASHc04b.dir/doc.pdf Tumenye kandi Twirinde Indwara Zandurirwa mu Mibonano Mpuzabitsina, Ministeri y’Ubuzima, Repubulika y’Urwanda] [[Category:Umubiri w’umuntu]] 3wgogh67vyhgh6cvljd621p8ol5d9sd 0 3131 13868 2010-12-27T02:34:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitsina cy’umugabo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitsina cy’umugabo]] lqpmh0qe1f1lwrg0qp4s1mu9kxi4pmt 0 3133 78373 77337 2021-08-24T09:45:15Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mammo breast cancer.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri y’ibere</font>]] [[File:Mastectomie 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri y’ibere</font>]] [[Dosiye:Neglected_breast_cancer_(Cancer_du_sein_négligé).jpg|thumb|Kanseri y’ibere]] '''[[Kanseri]] y’ibere''' cyangwa '''Kanseri y’amabere''' Imiryango imwe n’imwe cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bakunze kurangwa na kanseri y’amabere. Ni ngombwa rero gusuzumwa buri gihe na muganga wawe kanseri y’amabere ni imwe mu makanseri yibasiye abagore gusa inkuru nziza ni uko ushobora kuyirinda ndetse no kuyivumbura byoroheje. Kuyivumbura bizafasha mu by’ukuri mu kurokora ubuzima bwawe. Imiryango imwe n’imwe cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bakunze kurangwa na kanseri y’amabere. Ni ngombwa rero gusuzumwa buri gihe na muganga wawe kanseri y’amabere ni imwe mu makanseri yibasiye abagore gusa inkuru nziza ni uko ushobora kuyirinda ndetse no kuyivumbura byoroheje. Kuyivumbura bizafasha mu by’ukuri mu kurokora ubuzima bwawe. Imibereho y’umuntu ishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma yongera kurwara kanseri y’ibere bwa kabiri. Abantu bigeze kurwara kanseri y’ibere bagakira baba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kongera kurwara iyi kanseri bwa kabiri kurusha abagore baba batarigeze kuyirwara na rimwe, ariko kandi nanone ahanini bikaba biterwa nukouyu muntu aba abayeho. Nubwo bitari byasobanuka neza, bimaze kugaragara ko imibereho mibi ari kimwe mu bituma kanseri y’ibere igaruka. Twasanze abagore bafite umubyibuho ukabije baba bafite amahirwe 50% yo kongera kuyirwara, abagore banywa [[inzoga]] byibura icupa rimwe ku munsi baba bafite amahirwe 90% naho abagore banywa itabi baba bafite amahirwe angana na 120% yo kongera kurwara kanseri y’ibere. Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwasanze abagore basanzwe banywa itabi bakanywa n’inzoga 7 mu cyumweru baba bafite amahirwe yo kongera kurwaya iyi kanseri nta kabuza. Abahanga berekanye ko kuba ufite umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa se unywa inzoga bifitanye isano no kwiyongera mu mubiri ku musemburo bita ''estrogen''; kandi iyi estrogen yongera umuvuduko wa kanseri y’ibere. Itabi ryo basanze rifite uburozi bwita ''carcinogens'' buba mu mwotsi kandi ritera ingaruka mbi ku buzima. == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20160304172259/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/1644 *[http://www.igihe.com/news-8-14-1305.html Umuntu wigeze kurwara kanseri y’ibere, aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kongera kuyirwara] [[Category:Kanseri]] i7teg7brrijd6tklp60lmey7rdadk9g 14 3134 67442 61823 2013-04-02T18:52:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8934832]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indwara]] msiwx9wegmtgz1lsa0uopf0oq9qhk3i 14 3135 67441 62647 2013-04-02T18:52:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 107 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7215431]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuti]] iga13yufkamuhm3oe9bc6yvcrwhnad1 0 3137 81358 81357 2022-01-20T23:07:56Z 82.39.57.79 /* imigani migufi */fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki Natwe utinda adahambira [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Culture.jpg|thumb|Imbyino gakondo]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda_cultural_house_(NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|(Rwanda cultural house) (Inzu yagize amateka mu Rwanda izwi nka NYAKATSI]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan_old_women_in_a_traditional_fashion.jpg|thumb|Uburyo abantu bo hambere bambaraga bakikwiza maze bagasabana bacirirana imigani migufi ariko bagamije gukebura cyangwa kwigisha bamwe murimo bagaragaje imico mibi cg imyitwarire idahwitse]] ==[[imigani migufi]]== {| class="wikitable" |Ababiri bajya inama baruta umunani urasana. |- |Ababiri baruta umwe. utazi ubwenge ashima ubwe ikibuno gishuka amabyi bitari bujyane |- |Ababiri bashyize hamwe baruta umunani barasana. |- |Ababiri bateranya abeza. |- |Ababiri bica umwe. |- |Ababiri bishe imbwa y’umwami. |- |Ababiri ntibacibwa inka. |- |Ababurana ari babiri umwe aba yigiza nkana. |- |Abacuranye ubusa basangira ubundi. |- |Abadapfuye ntibabura kubonana. |- |Abagabanye imbisi (inyama) ntibagabana umufa. |- |Abagabo babiri ntibabana mu nzu imwe. |- |Abagabo bararya imbwa zikishyura. |- |Abagira amenyo baraseka. |- |Abagira amenyo ni museke. |- |Abagira inyonjo bagira ibirori. |- |Abagira iyo bajya baragenda. |- |Abagiye inama Imana irabasanga. |- |Abagore bagira inzara ntibagira inzigo. |- |Abagore baragwira. |- |Abahigi benshi bayobya imbwa (uburari). |- |Abakingiranye ingabo ntibakingirana inyegamo. |- |Abalinzi bajya inama inyoni zijya iyindi. |- |Abantu bibuka imana iyo amakuba yababanye menshi. |- |Abasangira bashonje ntawusigariza undi. |- |Abasangira basigana imbyiro. |- |Abasangira bike bitana ibisambo. |- |Abasangira uduke (ubusa) bitana ibisambo. |- |Abasobetse imisumbi ntibaba bagihishanye amabya. |- |Abatanye badatata barasubirana. |- |Abateranye imigeri ntibahishana amabya. |- |Aberekeranye ntibabura kwendana. |- |Abo umwami yahaye amata nibo bamwimye amatwi (amazi). |- |Aboro babiri ntibasangira umwerera. |- |Abotanye kera ntibahishanya amabya |- |Abwirwa benshi akumva (akwumvwa na) bene yo. |- |Agafuni kabagara ubucuti ni akarenge. |- |Agahinda k’inkoko kamenywa n’inkike yatoyemo. |- |Agahinda si uguhora urira. |- |Agahwa kari k’uwundi karahandurika. |- |Agakecuru gahaze gakina n’imyenge y’inzu. |- |Agakono gashaje karyoshya ibiryo |- |Agakono gashaje niko karyoshya imboga.. |- |Agakungu gakuna imbwa. |- |Agakungu iyo gashize agashino kayora ivu. |- |Agakungu kavamo imbwa yiruka. |- |Agapfa kabuliwe ni impongo. |- |Agapfundikiye gatera amatsiko. |- |Agasaza kamwera akandi kazakamwa? |- |Agashyize kera gahinyuza inshuti. |- |Agashyize kera gahinyuza intwari. |- |Agasozi kagusabye amaraso ntuyakarenza. |- |Agasozi kamanutse inka kazamuka indi. |- |Agati gateretswe n’Imana ntigahungabanywa n’umuyaga. |- |Agatinze kazaryoha ni agatuba k’uruhinja. |- |Agatinze kazaza ni amenyo ya ruguru. |- |Ahanze ubwana hamera ubwanwa. |- |Aharaye inzara haramuka inzigo. |- |Ahari amahoro, uruhu rw’imbaragasa rwisasira batanu. |Ahari amahoro uruhu rw'urukwavu rwisasira batanu |Ahari ubuhoro umuhoro urogosha. |- |Aho guhana umupfu wayobya umuvu. |- |Aho gupfa none wapfa ejo. |- |Aho gupfa wakena. |- |Aho gutera Gitera watera ikibimutera. |- |Aho ibyago byaje ibihaba bica umuhoro. |- |Aho ihene yonnye ihoramo. |- |Aho imbwa ikubitiwe irahagaruka. |- |Aho imbwa yaririye ntihava. |- |Aho inkoko yasheshe ihata ibaba. |- |Aho inkoko yasheshe itoye kenshi. |- |Aho inkuba zerekeye ni ho ibicu bijya. |- |Aho intumbi ziri ni ho inkongoro ziteranira. |- |Aho kuba imbwa waba imva. |- |Aho kuba umusega waba imbwa. |- |Aho kunigwa n’ijambo wanigwa n’uwo uribwiye. |- |Aho udatezeumugeni ntuhanga umugayo. |- |Aho ujishe igisabo ntuhatera ibuye. |- |Aho umubembe ali ntawe utungayo urutoki. |- |Aho umutindi yanitse ntiriva. |- |Aho umwaga utari uruhu rw’urukwavu rwisasira batanu. |- |Aho uniga urahasanga umuhogo. |- |Aho utazashaka umugeni ntuhanga umugayo. |- |Aho wahishe (ujishe) igisabo, ntuhatera ibuye. |- |Aho wisigiye siho uhurira na muramu wawe. |- |Aho yanyuze (imboro) ntihaca urwango. |- |Aho yonnye (ihene) ihoramo. |- |Ak’imuhana kaza imvura ihise. |- |Akababaje ababiri karabateranya. |- |Akababaje umutima kazindura amaguru. |- |Akabaye icwende ntikoga. |- |Akabi gasekwa nk’akeza. |- |Akabikora kabizi gateka imboga karitse. |- |Akaboro, gato karuta amabya masa. |- |Akabuno karusha isuka guca inshuro. |- |Akabuno ntigasa n’akabyara gasa nako birarana. |- |Akaburiye mu isiza ntikabonekera mu isakara. |- |Akabuze ubuguzi gasubira (zwa) nyirako. |- |Akagabo gahimba akandi kataraza. |- |Akaje gahimwa n’akakazanye. |- |Akaje karemerwa. |- |Akamasa kazaca inka kazivukamo. |- |Akameze ku murizo w’imbwa karimba kawuciye. |- |Akanwa karya ntikaguhe (ntiwumve) kavuza induru ntiwumve. |- |Akanyoni katagurutse ntikamenya iyo bweze. |- |Akarenze umunwa karushya ihamagara. |- |akariho karavugwa |- |Akarimi kabi gasemera agasaya. |- |Akarusha imboro kunagana baragata. |- |Akarusha imbwa kwota karashya. |- |Akaryoshye ntikariwe mu rw’undi. |- |Akatari amagara karahahwa. |- |Akazapfa kabungira akazakica. |- |Akazu gato karya ubwatsi. |- |Akebo kajya iwa Mugarura. |- |Akeza karigura. |- |Akeza karigura. |- |Akeza karimara. |- |Akicaro keza kikuramo umwana uzi ubwenge. |- |Akiziritse ku mugozi gashirwa kawuciye. |- |Akiziritse ku muhoro gasiga kawuciye. |- |Ako iminsi iteruye ntikajya karemera. |- |Ako imuhana kaza imvura ihise. |- |Ako umukobwa ashaka karamugarika. |- |Amaboko akorera inda yapfa akayipfumbata. |- |Amaboko atareshya ntaramukanya. |- |Amabya y’undi aryohera umugeri. |- |Amacumu y’inda ntashira igorora. |- |Amafuti y’umugabo nibwo buryo bwe. |- |Amagambo atagira mukuru arumba ari indaro. |- |Amagara araseseka ntayorwa! |- |Amagara ntaguranwa amagana. |- |Amage arisha umugabo ikivuza (igihaza). |- |Amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu. |- |Amareshya mugeni siyo amutunga. |- |Amarira y’umugabo atemba ajya mu nda. |- |Amarira y’umugabo atemba ajya mu nda. |- |Amashyi make yimisha umwana impengeri. |- |Amaso y’igikeri ntabuza umuvomyi kuvoma. |- |Amasunzu si amasaka. |- |Amata make amena menshi. |- |Amata y’umukobwa aba imbere. |- |Amatama masa ntasabira inka igisigati |- |Amavuta y’umugabo ni amuraye ku mubiri. |- |Amavuta y’umugabo ni amuraye ku murundi. |- |Amazi arashyuha aliko ntiyibagirrwa iwabo wa mbeho. |- |Amazi make aharirwa impfizi. |- |Amenyo amerera ku majigo, inkoni igashibuka ku gishyitsi, imishino igashibuka kuri rugongo. |- |Amenyo ni amabuye. |- |Amirariro atera amimaro. |- |Amirariro atera amimaro. |- |Arenze umusozi arivovota aramutuka. |- |Atari ayawe ntakurara kumubili. |- |Ayo impumyi uyabara itashye (inka). |- |Ayo ubwira umucuzi si yo ubwira umucuzikazi. |- |B |- |Babona isha itamba bagata urwo bambaye. |- |Babona isha itamba Bagatan'urwo bari bambaye. |- |Babona zireresa amabya bakagira ngo zimya zose. |- |Babona zireresa amabya bakagira ngo zimya zose. |- |Bagarira yose ni umwana w’umunyarwanda. |- |Bagarira yose ni umwana w'umunyarwanda. |- |Bagarira yose ntuzi irizera n'irizarumba. |- |Bagarira yose ntuzi irizera. |- |Bagarira yose. |- |Bagutumye umurozi w’umugore uhera kuri nyoko. |- |Banegurana ari inenge ba nenge itirora. |- |Baranyerera yaguye Jinja. |- |Barihima ba Mujyanama yasanze bamwendera umugore yica imboro. |- |Barihima ni mwene Mujinya. |- |Batutira henshi ntibazamenya iyo bataye imihoro. |- |Bavuga ibyigondoye umuhoro ukajya imbere. |- |Bavuga ibyigondoye umuhoro ukarakara. |- |Bazirunge zange zibe isogo imboga zirura. |- |Bene amazuru meza ntibaburana n’ibya nyuma. |- |Bene imitsima bayitsimbarayeho. |- |Bigirankana bya Nirwange bamutumye isuka yo guhamba se, ati "mwayimubajije ko ari we waraye ayibitse". |- |Biguma bigeze ku munwa. |- |Birabe ibyuya ntibibe amaraso. |- |Bucya bucyana ayandi. |- |Bucya bwitwa ejo. |- |Buhoro buhoro bwagejeje umuhovu (pfu) ku ruzi. |- |Buhoro buhoro nirwo rugendo. |- |Bukorikori bwa Nyiranzikoraho yateye ibuye ati narebaga ko riboze. |- |Burya mukaso ntaba ari nyoko. |- |Burya si buno. |- |Byabara usara. |- |Byagaze iruta byabuze. |- |C |- |Ca bugufi iruta jya hejuru.(ntukishyire hejuru) |- |D |- |E |- |F |- |Fata ako ni yo gabo. |- |Findi findi irutwa na so araroga. |- |G |- |Gahimandyadya na Kajogora baranywanye. |- |Gashiramazizi ka Ntibazirikana rubanda rushishwa nabi. |- |Gatindi ka Gateneneko yakenyeye agahu agateneneko agacishamo agakumwe, ati mbe bahungu no mu cyi ni ko bizahora bimeze? |- |Gesa ubw’iyo, ubw'ino ntiburera. |- |Gira so yiturwa indi. |- |Gishira ibyara ntigishira amazi. |- |Guherekeza utagushaka bitera inzira agahinda. |- |Gusaza ni ugusahurwa. |- |Gusekera utagushaka bitera imbeho mu menyo. |- |Gusera intanyurwa ni ugusesa. |- |Gushaka ni ugushobora. |- |Gusoma mubi biruta kwirigata. |- |H |- |Haguma umwami, ingoma irabazwa. |- |Hasura uwariye. Hagatura uwejeje |- |Hobe hobe itera ibinyoro. |- |I |- |Iba ibyegereye byakizaga, urufunzo ntirwahiye. |- |Iba imwe ikakugana mu ijana. |- |Ibanga ni irya babiri. |- |Ibihanga bibili ntibitekwa mu nkono imwe. |- |Ibihe biha ibindi. |- |Ibihembe by’intama ntawe umenya iyo bikura bigana. |- |Ibirenge bijya imbu kujya imbere. |- |Ibisa birasabirana. |- |Ibitwenge by’inkoko bishirira mu kwayura. |- |Ibize nabi uyima ifu. |- |Ibuguma ntishobora isibo. |- |Ibuguma y’umushino imira imikangara itanu. |- |Ibuye ryabonetse ntiryica isuka (ntiriba rikishe isuka). |- |Ibyagiye kera ibyagurukana irago. |- |Ibyara mweru na muhima. |- |Ibyaye amamasa yicungura amarago. |- |Ibyaye ikiboze iracyirigata. |- |Ibyaye ikiboze irakirigata. |- |Ibyo abahutu birya ubahutaje. |- |Ibyo abapfu birya abapfumu. |- |Ibyo ejo bibara abo ejo. [Iby’ejo bibara ab’ejo.] |- |Ibyo ihaha birushya ihambira. [Iby’ihaha birushya ihambira.] |- |Ibyo isi ni amabanga. [Iby’isi ni amabanga.] |- |Icyizere cyiraza amasinde. |- |Icyo imbwa yanze umanika aho ireba. |- |Icyo umutima ushaka, amata aguranwa itabi. |- |Ifuni ibagara ubucuti ni akarenge. |- |Ifuni y’imboro iruta umujyojyo w’igituba. |- |Igihiswe kirabora na nyiracyo akabora. |- |Igikeri cyakandagiwe n’inka kiti: uko zivuze nyamahembe. |- |Igishongore cy’umugore ni nk’icyo imbwa. |- |Igisiga cy’urwara rurerure kimennye inda. |- |Igiti cyatewe n’Imana ntigihungabanywa n’umuyaga. |- |Igiti kigororwa kikiri gito. |- |Igiti kiswe umwana ntigicanwa. |- |Igiti uzacana umusaza agitera akiri umusore (Igiti umugabo azacana agitera akiri umusore). |- |Iguguna umuhini yototera isuka. |- |Iguye ntayo itayigera ihembe. |- |Ihene bayita mweru ikirirwa itarishije. |- |Ihene mbi ntuyizirikaho inziza. |- |Ihene mbi yanga mwabo. |- |Iherezo riruta intangiriro. |- |Iherezo ry'inzira ni mu nzu. |- |Ihiye nabi uyima ifu. |- |Ihunga umurinzi igwa ruhabo. |- |Ijambo ribi rivana imboro mu gituba. |- |Ijisho ridahuze ntirihaka. |- |Ijisho rikwanga nturiyoberwa. |- |Ijisho ry’imbwa ntiribuza umugabo kurya utwe. |- |Ijisho ry’umukunzi rikuririra ripfuye. |- |Ijisho ry’undi ntirikurebera umugeni. |- |Ijoro ribara uwariraye. |- |Ikimuga kiruta igiyuro. |- |Ikinyoni kigurutse kitavuze bacyita igishwi. |- |Imana ifasha uwifashije. |- |Imana ihora ihoze. |- |Imana irara ahandi igataha i Rwanda. |- |Imandwa z’abatindi zigira iyazo mirindi. |- |Imbaraga nke zitera imico myiza. |- |Imbeba yakandagiye umwite w’injangwe iti: ubugabo bwari aha! |- |Imbeba yakubise amabya ku ishyiga iti ntacyo bitwaye hazashibuka andi. |- |Imbeba yakurikiye akaryoshye munsi y’urusyo ihakura inda y’urubati. |- |Imboro mbi ni idafite ifaranga. |- |Imboro mbi ni itabyara. |- |Imboro nyamuniga iruta imboro rurizo. |- |Imbura gihana yabuze gihamba. |- |Imbuto y’umugisha isoromwa ku giti cy’umuruho. |- |Imbwa yigannye inka kunnya mu rugo (barayikubita) irabizira. |- |Imfura zisangira amata ntizisangira amaraso. |- |Iminsi ikona inzovu (ingwe). |- |Iminsi irasa ariko ntihwana. |- |Iminsi iteka inzovu mu rwabya. |- |Iminsi ivuguta nta muvuba. |- |Iminsi ni imitindi. |- |Iminsi umugabo amara kwa mukeba si yo amara ikuzimu. |- |Iminsi y’umujura ni mirongo ine. |- |Iminsi yira ari myinshi igahimwa n’umwe. |- |Imirimo ibiri yananiye impyisi. |- |Imishishi y’imishino ntishira inogonora. |- |Imitunu y’igikeri ntiyirukanye abavomyi. |- |Imitunu y’urukwavu ntibuza ishyamba gushya. |- |Impamba itazakugeza i Kigali uyirira ku Ruyenzi. |- |Impamvu ingana ururo. |- |Impfizi ibyara uko ibyagiye. |- |Impfizi izira izayontigira inyishyu. |- |Impfizi ntiyimirwa. |- |Impfubyi ibaga yotsa. |- |Impfubyi yunvira mu rusaku. |- |Impyisi barayibwiye bati amayira arafunze, iti: nari nsanzwe nigendera bugorobye. |- |Impyisi y’iwanyu ikurya ikurundarunda. |- |Inda ibyara mweru na muhima. |- |Inda mbi (irimo urwango) uyiha amata ikaruka amaroso. |- |Inda nini yishe ukuze. |- |Inda y’umwanzi (yakwanze) uyiha amata ikaruka amaraso. |- |Indambirwa y’iminsi yenda umurwayi. |- |Indashimwa yahawe urutugu irutwarana n’ijosi. |- |Indyarya ebyiri iyo ziryamanye, bucya ntayenze indi. |- |Indyarya ihimwa n’indyamirizi. |- |Ingabo y’umugore iragushora ntigucyura. |- |Inganyi ya cyane iganyira nugira ngo awa. |- |Ingendo y’undi iravuna. |- |Ingeso ipfa nyirayo yapfuye. |- |Ingoma idahora ni igicuma. |- |Ingona zirya bamwe abandi bambuka. |- |Ingurube ibyaye ntiribwa n’imbwa. |- |Ingwe ikurira umwana ikakurusha kurakara. |- |Ingwe ntiyari izi gufata ijosi yarabwirijwe. |- |Inka nke zigukwera nka so. |- |Inka ya Nkoronko igira inkomoko. |- |Inka yikoma isazi aho igeza umurizo. |- |Inkingi imwe ntigira inzu. |- |Inkoko iriwabo ishomba umukara. |- |Inkoko yaraye hanze iba yabaye inkware. |- |Inkokokazi iteteza nk’izindi bati ngiyo kanwa kabi. |- |Inkomyi y’amabyi irayitera. |- |Inkonda z’umwana w’undi zirarura. |- |Inkongoro yadede inywera mo dede wenyine. |- |Inkoni ikubise mukeba uyirenza urugo. |- |Inkoni ivuna igufwa ntivuna ingeso ( ntigera ku ngeso). |- |Inkono ihira igihe, n’aho wacanira ute. |- |Inkono ntihira ikibatsi ihira ikibariro (inkono ihira igihe, ntihira ikibatsi). |- |Inkono zisumbanya imbyiro. |- |Inkotsa ivuga nk’izindi bakayamagana (ngo ngiyo kanwa kabi). |- |Inkovu icitse irushya abavuzi. |- |Inkubisi yacyane irayitera (irayitarukiliza). |- |Inkunguzi y’inkware ishoka agaca kayireba. |- |Inkunguzi y’inkware yashotse agaca kayireba. |- |Inkunguzi y’umuhutu yivuga mu batutsi. |- |Inkunguzi y’urukob’irihiga? |- |Inkunguzi y'igikoba yihamagarira amakara |- |Inkunzi y’imiryango icika inkangu mu nnyo. |- |Inkunzi y’imiryango ikobora rugongo. |- |Inkuru mbarirano iratuba. |- |Inkuru mbi ntiyoberana. |- |Inkururabutindi ihakwa n’uhanyaze. |- |Inkururarusya iswika nyirasenge. |- |Inkware (igiye cyera) itura mu itongo ry’uwayihigaga. |- |Inkware yinyabugingo yatoreye mwitongo ryuwayihigaga. |- |Inshakura irongorwa kabiri. |- |Inshuti ni iyo musangira mukayaga. |- |Inshyuro mbi yashubije Nkundiye iwabo. |- |Insina ngufi ntawe ntawe utayicaho ikoma. |- |Insina ngufi ntawe utayigera. |- |Insuti ziba nyinshi, iyo mwambaranye ubusa iraguma. |- |Intamenya y’umugabo irira ku muziro. |- |Intasi y’impyisi yabira maka. |- |Intege nke ntizikina zirarwana. |- |Intege nke zitera imico myiza. |- |Intenge itari iyawe, uratoboroza. |- |Inyamaswa idakenga yicwa n’umututizi. |- |Inyamibwa y’imboro ni ishyutwe. |- |Inyiturano y’umuhutu ni umusuzi. |- |Inyongera mbi ni imisuha. |- |Inyoni iguruka yisunze agati. |- |Inyoni ivuye mu cyari itaramenya kuguruka bayifatisha intoki. |- |Inzigo y’imboro ihozwa indi. |- |Inzira ntibwira umugenzi. |- |Inzoga ni imfura ikanyobwa n’imfura. |- |Inzoka yakwanze uyiha amata ikaruka amaraso. |- |Inzu y’umwanzi niyo uvanyeho agasakamburiro ugira uti ahiii (burya uba ukoze). |- |Irya mukuru riratinda ariko ntirihera. |- |Iryo wavuze urarihacyishwa. |- |Isazi y’ubute ntirya igisebe. |- |Isazi yaswitse urutare iti: birabe ntangare ntanga yanjye. |- |Ishira amenyo ntishira amerwe. |- |Ishyano rigusanze mu buriri uraryerekera. |- |Ishyano rigwira nyirumugore umwe. |- |Ishyano rivurwa n'irindi. |- |Isi ntigira inyiturano. |- |Isoni zirisha uburozi. |- |Isuka ibagara ubucuti ni akarenge. |- |Isuku igira isoko. |- |Isuri isambira byinshi igasohoza bike. |- |Itanga ishatse (Imana). |- |Itegeko rirusha ibuye kuremera. |- |Ivu rihoze ni ryo ryotsa inzu. |- |Ivu rihoze ryotsa inzu. |- |Iyagukanze ntiba inturo. |- |Iyaguye ntayo itayigera ihembe. |- |Iyakitse ntawe utayikora mu nda. |- |Iyangiye aho uyemereye uyiragirira aho yamagiriye. |- |Iyangiye aho uyemereye, uyiragirira aho yamagiriye |- |Iyaseseye ntiyugururirwa. |- |Iyihuse ibyara ibihumye. |- |Iyihuse ibyara ibihumye. |- |Iyimiye mu gisigati ibarirwa bose. |- |Iyimiye mu gisigati ibarirwa bose. |- |Iyo abanzi babaye benshi Imana iba mwene nyoko. |- |Iyo abavandimwe bavumbitse akaguru, uvumbura (uvanamo/ukuramo) akawe. |- |Iyo agahararo gashize uwahekwaga arigenza. |- |Iyo agashungo gashize, agashino kayora ivu. |- |Iyo amazi abaye make aharirwa impfizi. |- |Iyo bavuze ibigoramye, imihoro ihaguruka mbere. |- |Iyo butarira mukaso aba nyoko. |- |Iyo iminsi ihuze urayiba. |- |Iyo inzovu yerekeye hirya uyipfura urutsinga. |- |Iyo inzovu zirwanye, ibyatsi birahababarira. |- |Iyo isari isumbye iseseme, umugabo asubira ku cyo yangaga. |- |Iyo isari yasumbye iseseme, umugabo asubira kucyo yanze (yifuza icyo yangaga). |- |Iyo ngira ntya yari ijambo ni uko yaje nyuma. |- |Iyo nyokobukwe akunze ukurura ihururu. |- |Iyo umuntu agukoreye nabi aba akwigishije. |- |Iyo umutindi yanitse ntiriva. |- |Iyo urugo rwarazwe imishino, umwana w’umukobwa avukana itanu. |- |Iyo uruhahirwa na babiri rutazanye ibinyoro ruzana mburugu. |- |Iyo usanze abavandimwe bavumbitse akarenge uvanamo akawe. |- |Iyo usanze imbwa yuriye igiti, uhita ubaza uwayurije. |- |Izina ni ryo muntu. |- |Izotanye zisigana ivu. |- |J |- |K |- |Kabutindi igumbashya inkoko. |- |Kabutindi itera umugore kwikuruza. |- |Kamenyero yenze nyina. |- |Kami ka muntu [k’umuntu] ni umutima we. |- |Kanga mu jisho ntikanga mu kanwa. |- |Karabaye ntiyendwa. |- |Kirazira kugirira umwana nabi. |- |Kiriziya yakuye kirazira. |- |Kirya abandi bajya kucyirya kikishaririza. |- |Kitirirwa umwana kagatera nyina akabondo. |- |Kora ndebe iruta vuga numve. |- |Kuba imbwa si ukumoka. |- |Kubwira utumva ni nko guta inyuma ya Huye. |- |Kubyara ni ugusubiza ingobyi imugongo. |- |Kugabirwa kwitura kurutwa n’igihango cy’umucyene. |- |Kugenda bitera kubona. |- |Kugera kure si ko gupfa. |- |Kuramutsa utagushaka bitera imbavu imisonga. |- |Kure ni mu nda. |- |Kurya bike ni ukubikena. |- |Kuvuga menshi siko kuyamara. |- |Kuzinduka kw’inkoko ntikwayibujije kunnya ku butanda. |- |Kuzinduka kwa rusake ntikwayibujije kunnya mu nzu. |- |Kwa Bugabo bavuza induru, kwa Bwoba havuga impundu. |- |Kwa nyokorome uherekwa na nyoko. |- |Kwikiriza ntibibuza uwanga kwanga. |- |L |- |M |- |Maguru ya sarwaya yasize imvura n’umuyaga. |- |Mpana umupfu yananira nkamwoshya. |- |Mpemuke ndamuke yagambaniye uwamuhaye inka. |- |Mu gihugu cy’impumyi uwo ijisho rimwe aba ari umwami. |- |Mu nda ni kure. |- |Mujinya wa Nyamwijinya yasanze umugore we yasambanye aragaca. |- |Mukuru w’ijambo ni irindi. |- |Mukuru w’ijambo ni irindi. |- |Murankorere ibindi nzivomera. |- |Mwa nyina wundi ni mwa nyiranyenga. |- |Mwene samusure avukana isunzu. |- |N |- |N’inyange zirapfa nkaswe ibyiyoni. |- |N’izibika zari amagi. |- |Na nyina w’undi abyara umuhungu. |- |N'abantu barapfa. |- |Naho Miseke ndarwana. |- |Nari umugabo ntihabwa intebe. |- |Ndaguhaye iruta ndakuzirikana. |- |Ndakureba ukanshisha naho hasi warashize. |- |Ndakwanze ntijya ivamo ndagukunze. |- |Ni ikizi (ikizwi na) bose nk’umuravumba (nk’agacuma k’amagambo). |- |Nsabira nsome irutwa n’insangirano. |- |Nshimwe nshimwe y’umugore yamukoboye injuma. |- |Nshimwe y’umukobwa ikobora injuma |- |Nta baronkera rimwe nk’abaca imisigati. |- |Nta batana badatandukanye. |- |Nta bugabo buruta ububwa. |- |Nta bworo burama nkubwo ikirenge. |- |Nta byera ngo de. |- |Nta gahora gahanze. |- |Nta giti kibura inyoni ikigwaho. |- |Nta gufwa ry’umusundi rirenzwa urugo. |- |Nta kabura imvano. |- |Nta kurama kudapfa. |- |Nta mboro mbi yambaye ifaranga. |- |Nta mubi wisize. |- |Nta mugabo umwe. |- |Nta mugani uva ku busa. |- |Nta muheza w’ibyo isi. [w’iby’isi.] |- |Nta mukobwa utagira umubwira ati erecyera hino. |- |Nta munyagara w’inyama. |- |Nta mupfu w’itabi. |- |Nta murozi wabuze umukarabya. |- |Nta muteja w’imboro. |- |Nta muzindutsi wa cyane watashye mu mutima w’undi. |- |Nta mwami uba akabeba. |- |Nta mwami uba umugaragu (akabeba). |- |Nta mwami wica, hica rubanda. |- |Nta mwinjira ugira ijambo. |- |Nta mwiza wabuze inenge, na Nyirahuku agira amabinga. |- |Nta nkokokazi ibika isake ihari. |- |Nta nkuba ikubita umunyabugingo. |- |Nta nkumi yigaya ikibero (itako, ubuto), n’irwaye igisebe ica inzaratsi. |- |Nta nkumi yigaya. |- |Nta nyama itarya umutsima. |- |Nta rutugu rukura ngo rusumbe ijosi. |- |Ntawanga kugwa aheza. |- |Ntawanga kuryama ngo atarota. |- |Ntawanga umuruho ashyukwa. |- |Ntawe ubura ishyano ashyukwa. |- |Ntawe uhisha uwo ahishaho. |- |Ntawe ujya mu ishyamba ngo abure ishyano akurayo. |- |Ntawe unanira abamushuka ananira abamuhana. |- |Ntawe uneza rubanda. |- |Ntawe urata inkovu z’imiringa. |- |Ntawe uribara nk’umuto waribonye. |- |Ntawe urutwa yenda. |- |Ntawe urya inka nka nyirayo. |- |Ntawe urya umuntu ngo ananirwe n’urutoki. |- |Ntawe usesa uwo acyota. |- |Ntawe ushaka uko nyina yashatse. |- |Ntawe uta akanyaga atagahambuye. |- |Ntawe utinya ijoro, atinya icyo bahuriyemo. |- |Ntawe utinya uwo yatutse. |- |Ntawe utunga izo adashitura. |- |Ntawe uvuma iritararenga. |- |Ntawe uyoberwa umwibya, ahubwo ayoberwa aho amuhishe. |- |Ntawiheba ritararenga. |- |Ntawivuga nabi ameza ahari. |- |Ntawiyaga (ntawivuga) amabi ameza ahari. |- |Ntayo iyoberwa iyayo mu mwijima. |- |Ntayuzura nkiyali ihali. |- |Ntihaba bapfana iki. |- |Ntihaba gutunura haba Imana ikurebera. |- |Ntinde bankumbure yasanze baramwibagiwe. |- |Ntugahandwe ku rurimi ikirenge gihari. |- |Nubakira imisure sinishinze imilizo yazo. |- |Nuhigimye aba avuze. |- |Nuwapfuye ejo ntaririrwa. |- |Nuwaraya imbwa yarya inzungu. |- |Nuwendeye nyina mu nyenga yaramenyekanye. |- |Nyamwanga kwumva ntiyanze kubona. |- |Nyamwanga yanze n’uwamuhaye inka. |- |Nyina w’umukungu ntabyina nabi. |- |Nyirakarimi kabi yatanze umurozi gupfa. |- |Nyiramaso yerekwa bike ibindi yirebera. |- |Nyirambigirambizi yiciye ururasago ku gituba rwanga kuva ati: turaturanye n’ejo nzongera. |- |Nyiri ibyago ibyatsi bimwima inzira. |- |Nyiri impare niwe umenya uko ayigobeka. |- |Nyiri inkota ni uyifashe akarumyo. |- |Nyirumupfu ni we ufata ahanuka. |- |Nyirumutwe munini ntarengwa n’imijugujugu. |- |Nyokobukwe si umuko. |- |Nyokorome akuruma akurora. |- |Nzapfa nzakira simbizi. |- |O |- |P |- |R |- |Ribara uwaribonye. |- |Ruliye abandi rutakwibagiwe. |- |Runo si u Rwanda ni urwandiko. |- |Rurarya ntiruhaga. |- |Ruza rutwara abaseka. |- |S |- |Sakindi izaba ibyara ikindi. |- |Sakwe sakwe irutwa na so araroga. |- |So aguha umugore ntamukwendera. |- |So ntakwanga, akwita nabi. |- |T |- |Tega amatini ngo urabona amatuba. |- |Tuza duturane. |- |U |- |Ubabaye niwe ubanda urugi. |- |Ubamba isi ntakurura. |- |Ubitse munda imbwa ntimwiba. |- |Ububwa buravukanwa. |- |Ubugabo butisubiraho bubyara ububwa. |- |Ubugabo si ubutumbi. |- |Ubugore si amabere n’ihene irayagira. |- |Ubukana bw’imbwa bushirira mu imoka. |- |Ubukana bw’umwungu ntibwotsa urutaro. |- |Ubukene si ikineguro. |- |Ubunini si ubugabo. |- |Ubunwa bwagusomeye umugabo burakwongrera ntiwumve. |- |Ubupfura buba mu nda. |- |Uburebure si ubwenge. |- |Uburere buruta ubuvuke. |- |Uburere bwiza bucisha imfura mu mwijima. |- |Uburiye umubyizi mu kwe ntako aba atagize. |- |Uburo bwinshi ntibugira umusururu. |- |Ubusa burimara. |- |Ubusabusa buruta ubusa. |- |Ubusabusa bw’umusundi buvura imboro umusonga. |- |Ubusambo ni bubi. |- |Ubushiki ni uburibwa. |- |Ubushyitsi buribwa ni muramu w’umuntu. |- |Ubutegetsi si ubukonde. |- |Ubuto bw’isha ntibusobanura inzara. |- |Ubuze icyo atuka inka agira ati dore icyo gicebe. |- |Ubuze inda amena imigi. |- |Ubuze uko agira agwa neza. |- |Ubwenge buke burushya amaguru |- |Ubwenge burarahurwa. |- |Ubwenge buza nyuma y’uburagi. |- |Ubwenge buza ubujiji buhise. |- |Ubwira intumva ata ibiheko. |- |Ubwira umuzi ntavunika. |- |Ubwiru bw’ingomabumenywa n’umwiru na nyirayo. |- |Ubwiza bw’intobo ntibuyibuza kurura. |- |Ubwiza bw’umukobwa ntibwamubujije kuruha. |- |Ubyaye nabi aramutswa (atukwa) n’abakwe. |- |Ubyina iwabo arasebwa. |- |Ubyinana na mucyeba ntahumbya. |- |Ubyinana na mucyeba ntahumbya. |- |Uca imisoto y’inda ntafasha umuhoro hasi. |- |Uca mw’ishyamba utazi ugaca inkoni utazi. |- |Uca urubanza rw’abavandimwe arararma. |- |Ucira injiji amarenga amara ibinonko. |- |Ucyenze rimwe ntaba akimaze. |- |Ucyeza abami babiri aba ashaka twange umwe. |- |Udapfuye arakira. |- |Udashinga ntabyina. |- |Ufinura itari iye ageza ku mukondo. |- |Ufite gisegura anaga ijosi. |- |Ufite icyo abunza bwira aguze. |- |Ufite umufata ijosi ararigwandika. |- |Ufite umusegura agonda ijosi. |- |Ugaburira uwijuse bararwana. |- |Ugaya ibye abyibiramo. |- |Ugaya impundu z’urushishi, areba amatama ziturukamo. |- |Ugiciye inkondo siwe ugicundamo. |- |Ugirirwa neza n’uwo yayigiriye aba agira Imana. |- |Ugiye iburyasazi azimira nzima. |- |Ugiye iburyasazi azirya mbisi. |- |Ugucumise ingufi ntaba akwimye indende. |- |Uguhaye akubonye arutwa n’uguhaye akuzirikanye. |- |Uguhiga ubutwari muratabarana. |- |Uguhimye atiretse ..... |- |Uguhishe ko akwanga umuhisha ko ubizi. |- |Ugusumba arakumanurira. |- |Ugusuriye ntumusurire akwita ikibura nnyo. |- |Ugusuriye ntumwishyure akwita akarondwe. |- |Uhagarikiwe n’ingwe aravoma. |- |Uhana umusore,amuhana agaruka. |- |Uhaze ikivuge, ntabura ikivugo. |- |Uhenera umukunzi ntamuhisha innyo. |- |Uhiga ubutwari n’umugore aragarama. |- |Uhima igisambo arakibitsa |- |Uhima inda arayirariza. |- |Uhisha mu nda imbwa ntimwiba. |- |Uhishira umurozi akakumaraho abana. |- |Uhonga umwanzi amara inka. |- |Uhongera umwanzi amara inka. |- |Ujya gutera uburezi arabwibanza. |- |Ujya gutumira sakabaka aba yujuje inyama ibitebo. |- |Ujya kugaya impundu z’urukwavu abanza kureba imisaya ziturukamo. |- |Ukandagira agahungu ntahonyora. |- |Ukize baraza. |- |Ukize ububwa abukubitira undi. |- |Ukize ubusore arabubagira. |- |Uko umugabo aguye si ko amabya ameneka. |- |Ukora icyo azi yendwa ahetse. |- |Ukorora acira aba agabanya. |- |Ukoze hasi yibutsa undi ibuye. |- |Ukubarira akubeshya agira ati:nupfa tuzajyana. |- |Ukubira cyane ukamaramo n’ubwalimo. |- |Ukubise imbeba ntarobanura izihaka. |- |Ukubise imbwa aba ashaka shebuja. |- |Ukuboko kwafashe ingoma ntukuyirekura keretse baguciye. |- |Ukubwiye ubusa umusubiza ubundi. |- |Ukujana ninjoro umushima bukeye. |- |Ukumoka kw’imisega ntikubuza abagenzi guhita. |- |Ukuri gushirira mu biganiro. |- |Ukuri kunyura mu ziko ntigushye. |- |Ukuri ntikwica umutumirano. |- |Ukurushije umugore akurusha urugo. |- |Ukwanga atiretse arakubwira ati: cyo turwane. |- |Umanika agati wicaye wajya kukamanura ugahagarara. |- |Umubabaro w’umwana umenywa na nyina. |- |Umubyeyi gito aremaza umwana igituba. |- |Umugabo arigira yakwibura agapfa. |- |Umugabo asiga imbwa. |- |Umugabo mbwa anyagiranwa n’abandi ati jye naboze. |- |Umugabo umwe agerwa kuri nyina. |- |Umugabo yagiye kunnya inyuma y’igihuru impyisi irahuma, ati: wahuma wagira, intambara nk’iyi inyigeze kabiri yansubira twatongana. |- |Umugabo yakubitiwe mu nsi yurugo rwa munywanyi we ntiyatabarwa ati kubana n’imbwa ndekeye aho. |- |Umugabo yatutse undi ati uragapfa undi nawe ati nzagaya imwba izansangayo. |- |Umugani ugana akariho. |- |Umugaragu aruta ingaruzwa muheto. |- |Umugore abyara uwawe ntaba uwawe. |- |Umugore amenya ayo umukazana mu nkiko, ntamenya ayo umukobwa mu mpinga. |- |Umugore arabyina ntasimbuka. |- |Umugore asasira uwishe se. |- |Umugore bamukubitiye gusambana ati: nasekwa nutarakimeze. |- |Umugore gito agutatira aguseguye. |- |Umugore gito arutwa n’inkingi. |- |Umugore gito arutwa n’umwanzi gica. |- |Umugore gito ntimubura kubyarana. |- |Umugore gito ntimujyana iwabo. |- |Umugore gito ntumusigaho impfubyi. |- |Umugore mubi agirwa n’ingongo y’umuhoro. |- |Umugore mukina agukinze umutima, wateba akagutambuka ajya gushaka imbere ye. |- |Umugore musangira amata ntimusangira amazi. |- |Umugore mwiza asegura inkokora inkoko zikarinda zibika. |- |Umugore mwiza ntaba uwawe, yaba uwa mukuru wawe. |- |Umugore ni intwari, umukanira ----- impinduka yaza akaguta mu nganigani. |- |Umugore ni nyampiga. |- |Umugore ni umutima w’urugo. |- |Umugore ni uwo umuryango. |- |Umugore ntacyo bitwaye abyara umwana wampamagariraga iki. |- |Umugore ntajya kurarika, iyo araritse abuza n’uwari kuza. |- |Umugore si umwiza nk’uwumva. |- |Umugore umukamira impenda (amashyo) impinduka zaza ati ntacyo wigeze umpa. |- |Umugore umurika mu mbere yandurura, aba yereka imbeba. |- |Umugore umwita inka ya Rwogera wamwikura akagukura mu rugo. |- |Umugore umwita inka ya Rwogera wamwikura wamwikura mukajya i bwami. |- |Umugore umwita Nyirabarenzi yajya kuvoma akamena ikibindi. |- |Umugore umwita shenge warimukura mugakura inkingi. |- |Umugore uri ku mutiba ntabura umutima. |- |Umugore utazakurushya inkanda agucura agutaha ho. |- |Umugore w’icyongezankoni abwira umugabo we ngo niwe ruzire. |- |Umugore w’inkoramwuga, abishima yikoze mu nda. |- |Umugore w’ubwenge n’umugabo we iyo uburo bweze bagura ibirago bibiri. |- |Umugore w’ubwenge yonka undi. |- |Umugore w’umupfu agirango mukeba yagabuye. |- |Umugore w’umupfu akubitirwa ku ibuga. |- |Umugore w’umupfu amena ibanga ry’umukamaye. |- |Umugore w’umupfu arikirigita agaseka. |- |Umugore w’umupfu arya imbuto agasiga intabire. |- |Umugore w’umupfu aseka ikibi. |- |Umugore w’umupfu ateka bwije, umugabo akamuhinduka atihinduye. |- |Umugore w’umupfu yarikirigise araseka. |- |Umugore w’umupfu yicara nk’uwashyikiriye. |- |Umugore w’umupfu, yaje rugezo abyara shikama. |- |Umugore w’umusaza ntaherekeza urwenya. |- |Umugore w’undi araryoha. |- |Umugore wihenda yitwa bantanze urusyo. |- |Umugore yaryamanye n’ikiremba ati nambariye ubusa ubundi. |- |Umuhanga wo kurya arara akarabye. |- |Umuhigi uri kure ntaramurira imbwa. |- |Umuhini mushya utera amabavu. |- |Umuhungu w’icyiremba yarongoye umukobwa urwaye intinyi ati unyorosoye nabyukaga. |- |Umuhutu agira inzara ntagira inzika. |- |Umuhutu ntashimwa kabili. |- |Umuhutu urenzwe arenza nyina akaguru. |- |Umuja aruta umugore mubi. |- |Umujinya w’imbwa ushirira mu kuzunguza umurizo. |- |Umukecuru yanyaliye imbaragasa iti: ulitonde n’iyumuhindo yaransize. |- |Umukecuru yirebye amaguru ati bumba butama waratamiye. |- |Umukobwa aba umwe agatukisha bose. |- |Umukobwa bamushima ingendo akarenga iwabo. |- |Umukobwa w’ubwira asambana asabwa. |- |Umukobwa w’umupfu asuzuguza umuryango. |- |Umukobwa w’umutima yubahisha umuryango. |- |Umukobwa wabuze umuranga yaheze mwa nyina. |- |Umukobwa wahiriwe yibwira ko akirusha abandi. |- |Umukunnyi aruhira umuswezi. |- |Umukunnyi mutindi akunira impare. |- |Umukunnyi wa cyane yikururiye abaswezi (Umukunnyi yaruhiye umuswezi). |- |Umukwe ntaba umwana. |- |Umukwe w’isoni ahera mu mfuruka. |- |Umukwe w’umupfapfa yarebye imisumbi ya nyirabukwe. |- |Umuntu apfumbata uwo begeranye. |- |Umuntu asiga akamwirukaho ntasiga akamwirukamo. |- |Umuntu asinda akariho. |- |Umuntu yibyarira ikishi. |- |Umuntu yigishwa imico mibi n’abandi. |- |Umunyabukorikori yirutse ku bimusiga, yihisha ibimubona, yihishurira ibyapfuye. |- |Umunyandugakazi yaragumiwe ati: mbure umugabo mbure n’umukiga? |- |Umunyazi wa cyane yikururiye abasambanyi. |- |Umunywanyi wa benshi apfa akererewe. |- |Umupfu ntabura umupfunya. |- |Umurenzaho (umurenzo) wera ibijumba. |- |Umuruho ntiwabira habira nyirawo. |- |Umusaza uhaze akina n’imyenge y’inzu. |- |Umusazi arasara akagwa ku ijambo. |- |Umusazi asiga akamwirukana, ntasiga akamwirukamo. |- |Umusazi w’umukecuru yabonye uw’umusore yiruka ati nangwa nawe uracyabiharaye. |- |Umushishi w’umushino ntushira inogonora. |- |Umushumba yakubise undi ati: genda shahu turacyaragiranye. |- |Umusonga wundi ntukubuza gusinzira. |- |Umuswezi w’umuhanga anyaza n’utarakunnye. |- |Umuswezi w’umuhanga ntarobanura ibituba. |- |Umutanyu w’ingoma uruta ihundo rizima. |- |Umutavu w’urulimi iyo waciye ikiziliko ntawe uwutangira. |- |Umutego mutindi ushibuka nyirawo akiwurora. |- |Umutego mutindi wica nyirawo. |- |Umutemeli wishavu ni ijosi. |- |Umuti w’impaka ni uguceceka. |- |Umuti w’ubusore ni ukurongora. |- |Umuti w’ubutindi ni ukwanga guhemuka. |- |Umutima muhanano ntiwuzura igituza. |- |Umutima usobetse amaganya ntusobanura amagambo. |- |Umutima w’imfubyi watanze umutwe w’umusaza kumera imvi. |- |Umutindi ntacyira niyo akize ntakira uko yabaye. |- |Umutindi ntakiza undi. |- |Umututsi umusembereza mu kirambi akagutera ku buriri. |- |Umututsi umuvura amaso akayagukanurira. |- |Umututsi umuvura amenyo ejo akayaguhekenyera. |- |Umutwa ararengwa agatwika ikigega. |- |Umutware yakubise umugaragu ati urakoze databuja. |- |Umutware yicarira intebe undi ayibajisha. |- |Umutwe umwe wifasha gusara, ntiwifasha gutekereza. |- |Umuwitonze ntiyandura |- |Umwambari w’umwana agenda nka se. |- |Umwami akwicira so agacyura nyoko. |- |Umwami akwicira so ugakoma yombi uti: umugome yapfuye nyagasani. |- |Umwan zi aba mwa nyoko ntaba kure. |- |Umwana apfa mu iterura. |- |Umwana apfira mu iterura. |- |Umwana murizi ntakurwa urutozi (ntakizwa intozi). |- |Umwana murizi ntakurwa urutozi. |- |Umwana ni umutware. |- |Umwana umuhana avayo ntumuhana ajyayo. |- |Umwana umwe si umuryango. |- |Umwana utataramanye na se ntamenya umurage wa sekuru. |- |Umwana utenguha bwira aneye rimwe. |- |Umwana utumvira se na nyina yumvira ijeri. |- |Umwana uzaheka ntumwicisha urume. |- |Umwana w’umuja ukubitirwa ku mazi nyina yavomye. |- |Umwana w’umwingingano umuha amata akaruka amaraso. |- |Umwana w’undi abishya inkonda. |- |Umwanda ugira akazu. |- |Umwanzi agucira akobo Imana igucira akanzu. |- |Umwanzi ntaba kure. |- |Umwera uturutse ibukuru ukwira hose. |- |Umwibone (inshiziyamanga) w’umugore yabwiye umwami ati nijye wakakwemeye. |- |Umwijuto w’ikinonko ugirango imvura ntizagwa. |- |Unera agati kikubiranyije wahaguruka kakayagutera. |- |Ungaye guhera ntungaye gutinda. |- |Upfuye akuruta niyo mugeze ikuzimu arakuruta. |- |Upfuye arapfurikwa. |- |Uraritswe i bwami abanza irage. |- |Uratinda ngo ukumburwe, ugasanga waribagiranye. |- |Uri ibuzimu azunguza ajyana iwabo. |- |Uri mwanyina aruma umuheha akongeza undi. |- |Urose nabi burinda bucya. |- |Uruboza ruruta ururumbya. |- |Urubwa ruruta ububwa. |- |Urubyiruye iimpaza ntirubura impagarara. |- |Urucira mukaso rugatwara nyoko. |- |Uruciye mu nsi ntamenya ikiruri imbere. |- |Urugiye kera ruhinyuza intwari. |- |Urugo ni urufite igikali. |- |Urugo rw’umwanzi rurutwa n’itongo. |- |Urugo rw’undi ruribwamo ntirusegetwamo. |- |Urugo rwarazwe imishino umwana avukana itanu. |- |Uruka ntafata uhitwa. |- |Uruma Isi arahuha. |- |Urumbije umugore ntasarura umwana. |- |Urupfu rw’imbwa ni inyama. |- |Ururimi rubuze icyo ruvuga rubwejagura mu kanwa. |- |ruriye abandi rutakwibagiwe. |- |Urushyize kera ruhinyuza intwari. |- |Urutugu ntirukura ngo rurenge ijosi. |- |Urwishe ya nka ruracyayirimo. |- |Urwishigishiye ararusoma. |- |Urya inshuro n’incuti bigashira udahaze. |- |Urya urw'undi ntarwara inzoka. |- |Usanze nyina ashaje avuga ko inka za se zapfuye ubusa. |- |Usanze umwana w’undi arya amabyi aramubwira ati: komeza. |- |Useka usuze bwacya ukannya. |- |Usenya urwe umutiza umuhoro. |- |Ushaka amahoro yenga amahore. |- |Ushaka inka aryama nka zo. |- |Ushaka ko imboro zambuka uruzi abanza ibituba. |- |Ushaka kugishira ipfa aracyibyarira. |- |Ushaka ntababarira imisundi. |- |Ushaka uko nyina yashatse amara amazu. |- |Ushaka umushaka asanga umweko woroshye. |- |Ushaka umushaka asanga umweko woroshye. |- |Ushaka urupfu asoma impyisi. |- |Ushize impumu yibagirwa icyamwirukankanaga (icyazimuteye). |- |Ushyingura amurika aba yereka imbeba. |- |Usiga umugeni ku cyanzu ukajya kwenda uwo ku cyavu. |- |Usiga umwanzi amara isimbo. |- |Usurana umujinya ukinera. |- |Usuze agirwa no kunutsa. |- |Usuzugura agatuba ka mucyeba kakagutwara umugabo. |- |Utabusya abwita ubumera. |- |Utaganiriye na se ntamenya icyo sekuru yavuze (yasize avuze). |- |Utagera aragereranya. |- |Utagera ibwami abeshywa byinshi. |- |Utagira nyirasenge arisenga. |- |Utagira ubwoba aba atagra ubwenge. |- |Utagira uwo atuma arituma. |- |Utakwambuye aragukerereza. |- |Utaranigwa agaramye agira ngo ijuru riri bugufi (hafi). |- |Utarapfa aba akiriho. |- |Utariye ibyo upfuye arya ibyo ugiye. |- |Utazi akaraye araza ifu. |- |Utazi akaraye i Fumbwe araza ifu. |- |Utazi ikibabaje umugabo amutuka gushahurwa. |- |Utazi ikimuhatse arora imboro ya se igitsure. |- |Utazi ikizakura yica umutavu. |- |Utazi inda arara yijuse. |- |Utazi ubwenge ashima ubwe. |- |Utazi umurera amureresa amabya imbere. |- |Utazi Umurundi amurunda mu nzu. |- |Utazi umwanzi ashima inda. |- |Utazi umwanzi asiga umubiri. |- |Utera uburezi arabwibanza. |- |Uticaniye ntarahurira undi. |- |Utinura itari iye ayigeza ku mabya |- |Utuka utamutuka aba yitutse. |- |Utuma abahutu atuma benshi. |- |Uvoma yanga avoma ibirohwa. |- |Uvuze ko nyirurugo yapfuye si we uba amwishe. |- |Uwabike ntasaba arasumbakaza. |- |Uwabuze imfura ata ibiheko. |- |Uwagumiwe ahagamwa n’amazi. |- |Uwahawe n’Imana ntiyamburwa n’umuyaga. |- |Uwambaye ikirezi ntamenya ko cyera. |- |Uwambaye ubusa ni we ugira ndende. |- |Uwanga amazimwe abandwa habona. |- |Uwanga gutenguhwa atuma mukuru. |- |uwanze kumva bwira aneye rimwe |- |uwanze kumva ntiyanze kubona |- |Uwanze kwumva abwirwa ari uko amaso atukuye. |- |Uwanze kwumva ntiyanze kubona. |- |Uwanze kwumvira se (na nyina) yumvira ijeri. |- |Uwanze nyakabwana ayangana n’ibyana byayo. |- |Uwarerewe n’Imana agira ngo arusha abandi guhana. |- |Uwariwe n’inzoka atinya n’umunyorogoto. |- |Uwarose nabi burinda bucya. |- |Uwarya amabyi yarya ikirundo. |- |Uwashatse neza ahura n’uwashatse nabi akamuseka agakwenkwemura. |- |Uwashirijwe n’intorezo ntiyadonderwa n’irago. |- |Uwenze make (amarwa) ntaba yanze ababo. |- |Uwenze uwo undi yiga gusya. |- |Uwiba ahetse aba abwiriza uwo mu mugongo. |- |uwiba ahetse aba yigisha uwo mugongo |- |Uwibeshya ahomera iyonkeje. |- |Uwica imbeba ntababarira ihaka. |- |Uwicishije inkware ukwaha ahora akumanitse. |- |Uwifuje umugisha w’undi annya ibuye. |- |Uwifuza icyo azabona aravuga ngo icyampa ngapfa. |- |Uwigize igihuru anebwamo. |- |Uwigize igitebo ayora ivu. |- |Uwirinda imishyukwe ayinyarira hakiri kare. |- |Uwitonze (ugiye kera) akama ishashi. |- |Uwitonze akama ishashi. |- |Uwitonze atoragura icyatakaye. |- |Uwitonze atura mu itongo ry’inkuba. |- |Uwitumiye yitwaza intebe. |- |Uwiturwa ineza n’uwo yayigiriye aba agira Imana. |- |Uwivumbuye n’ubundi aba yivumbitse. |- |Uwiyishe ntaririrwa. |- |Uwo kitararya (kitarahanda) agira ngo nta menyo kigira. |- |Uwo uzaheka ntumwicisha urume. |- |Uwo zivugutiwe ni wo zinywa. |- |Uwububa abonwa n’uhagaze. |- |Uyambariza ku ziko ikagusiga ivu. |- |Uyikura mu kabindi ikagukura mu bagabo. |- |Uzabona uri i Rwanda. |- |Uzangaye guhera ntuzangaye gutinda. |- |Uzangaye gutinda ariko ntuzangaye guhera. |- |Uzapfa akakurushya ntakagucure. |- |Uzasya mvome. |- |V |- |Vuguziga ni umwana w’Umunyarwanda. |- |W |- |Wabanguka ngo ushimwe, ugasanga umugayo wagutanzeyo. |- |Wanga gucyura ihene hakibona, bwakwira ugahebeba nka yo. |- |Wanga kwenda umuja bugacya atwite. |- |Wigana ingendo y’undi ugatagataga. |- |Wikanira umugisha w’undi ukannya ibuye. |- |Wima igihugu amaraso, imbwa zikayanwera ubuntu. |- |Wiringira amahoro amaherere ari inyuma (yaraye ku nzira). |- |Wiringira ijosi rikakubyarira umwingo. |- |Wirukana imbwa akari kera ukayimara ubwoba. |- |Wirukana umugore uguguna igufa ukazana urimira bunguri. |- |Wishinga imishinga y’imishino ugasarura imishumi y’ishati. |- |Wishinga innyo y’undi iyawe ikarangara. |- |Witaba kare ugatumwa kure. |- |Y |- |YEZU ATI WABIMENYE |- |Z |- |Zikama ababiri. |- |Zikama abahari |- |Zikamwa ayo zitahanye. |} * eu0n824bgyy4voi5hsbel7qc9pmapyh 0 3138 13979 2010-12-27T15:44:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitsina cy’umugabo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitsina cy’umugabo]] lqpmh0qe1f1lwrg0qp4s1mu9kxi4pmt 0 3139 81797 78828 2022-01-31T11:45:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:French Kiss.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gusomana kw'abafaransa</span>]] '''Gusomana kw'abafaransa''' (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''French kiss'') [[Dosiye:Provence_United_osnat's_kiss.tif|thumb|Gusomana kw'abafaransa]] [[Category:Umuti]] [[de:Kuss#Zungenkuss]] 0nxahf3jksczpmhuskr4z7duar0vn7u 0 3142 77920 76987 2021-08-18T16:25:20Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hurdling.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Imikino</font>]] '''Umukino''' (ubuke '''Imikino''') cyangwa '''Siporo''' Mu by’ukuri siporo ntabwo inanura nk’uko abantu babikeka, ahubwo yewe ku bantu bakora siporo nyinshi ushobora no kubona biyongereye ibiro. Nta yindi mpamvu buretse ko [[imitsi]] (''muscles'') iba yaremereye ugereranyije n’[[amavuta]] (''graisses, fat''). Ariko nko kubantu babyibushye nta gukomera mbese nta reme bafite, mu by’ukuri baba babyibuhijwe n’amavuta bakunze kwitwa ko batepeta, iyo bakoze siporo usanga basa nk’abananuka kuko ya mavuta arayonga. Kandi iyo bakoze siporo ntibananuka ngo babe bato ahubwo usanga ibyo gutepeta bivaho akubwo bagakomera bakagira ireme. Biba byatewe n’uko hahandi hari amavuta hasimbuwe n’ubunini bw’imitsi bwiyongereye. [[Dosiye:Clinch County Football.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|football]] == Amoko ya siporo ==[[File:AAmasiganwa.jpg|thumb|AAmasiganwa]] * [[Umupira w’amaguru]] * [[Umupira w’agatebo]] * [[Umupira w’intoke]] * [[Umupira w’agakoni]] * [[tenisi]] [[Category:Imikino| ]] qqmo4lp5c5t4uyrkdxnuipcsc1ja4sr 0 3143 76269 74287 2021-07-22T03:04:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Potato and cross section.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikirayi</font>]] [[File:Patates.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibirayi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Potato var. Linda HC1.JPG|thumb|ikirayi kidatonoye]] '''Ikirayi''' (ubwinshi: '''Ibirayi''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Solanum tuberosum'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. N’ubwo ikirayi ari ikiribwa tumenyereye, gikungahaye kuri byinshi: umunyu w’ubutare (''fer'') wongera amaraso, na [[potasiyumu]] ituma amaraso avura vuba. Gifite n’umunyu wa [[kalisiyumu]] ikingira rubagimpande. Gifite [[proteyine]] na [[vitamini]] bituma kinogeka neza mu nda. Gifite imbaraga zikiza zirenze urugero. Ikirayi kinini giketswe (''coupée ou rappée''), muri litiro y'amazi, ushyiremo ubuki. Kunywa ikirahuri kinini, gatatu mu munsi (mu gitondo, ku manywa na nimugoroba). Ushatse kandi wakamuriramo indimu. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] qtkzy0458nf158a254mf86tw7ngitwg 0 3144 14013 2010-12-27T20:12:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikirayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikirayi]] 6ibmdb175abxl1o1sn6g5uztdpmiyxq 0 3145 14014 2010-12-27T20:13:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikirayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikirayi]] 6ibmdb175abxl1o1sn6g5uztdpmiyxq 0 3147 76330 64962 2021-07-23T06:37:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vitamini A''' cyangwa '''Vitamine A''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : ikomoka mu mboga rwatsi, [[karoti]], [[igi]], [[epinari]], [[ibijumba]], [[amashu]], umutonore w’ibishyimbo n’urunyogwe, inyanya n’ibindi. [[Dosiye:Vitamin_A.gif|thumb|Vitamin A]] [[Dosiye:20171027-AMS-LSC-1206_(38068340691).jpg|thumb|Ibijumba biri mu bihingwa bifite vitaminA]] ''Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze'' : kutabona neza cyane cyane nijoro, amaso atukuye, kumagara uruhu no kururwara, koroha kw’agahu gatwikira amenyo (''émail'') n’inshinya, kubura ipfa ryo kurya, gukora nabi kw’imvubura ya tiroyide n’umwijima, kubura igikuriro, tubibutse kandi ko irinda [[kanseri]]. Uwayibuze bimutera gukira biruhanije iyo akomeretse, kwandura indwara vuba, kuba yarwara za calculs (imisenyi mu miheha y’impyiko, mu ruhago no mu gasabo k’indurwe y’umwijima). [[Dosiye:Istanbul_(29).jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bikungahaye ku intungamubiri ya Vitamin A]] [[Category:Vitamini]] tv7d11wuztvder6axjr1sty1awkhnjm 0 3148 78352 78277 2021-08-24T08:09:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thiamin.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Vitamini B1</font>]] [[Dosiye:Joint_Hydration_Supplement.jpg|thumb|Joint Hydration Supplement ]] '''Vitamini B1''' cyangwa '''Vitamine B1''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : ibinyampeke cyane cyane ibimeze (''céréales germés''), umuceri, amatunda (cyane cyane mu maronji-amacunga), amashereka n’amata y’inka, umutonore wa soya, lantiye (''lentilles''), ubuki. ''Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze'' : habaho imivurungano mu bwonko, irangwa no kuribwa mu mutwe rimwe na rimwe w’uruhande rumwe, ibijaganyuro mu ntoki no mu birenge, guhondobera, kugira ibyuya birenze urugero nta mpamvu igaragara, kugabanuka k’ubushyuhe bw’umubiri. Habaho kandi imivurungano mu nzira y’ibiryo, irangwa no kubura ipfa ryo kurya (''anorexie''), kugira iseseme, kuruka, kugabanuka kw’imisemburo yo mu gifu n’amara, bigakorana imbaraga nke, kwituma impatwe (''constipation''). Habaho n’imivurungano mu mikorere y’inyama z’umubiri, irangwa no gucika intege, kuremara bimwe mu bice by’umubiri (''paralysie''). Hari n’imivurungano mu migendere y’amaraso, irangwa no guhumeka nabi ubura umwuka, umutima ukabyimba, gucika intege. Iyi vitamini irakenewe cyane mu mikorere myiza y’ubwonko. [[Dosiye:Evaporated Milk and Sweetened Condensed Milk at Wellcome Supermarket Possession Street shop.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|amata]] [[Category:Vitamini]] snrnw74lyregub6jsm565yleooc3c6m 14 3149 65547 59238 2013-03-11T10:31:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 57 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6770434]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibiribwa]] ovd6i1gqtowk9sjcyl9phj4pex3ov5h 0 3150 78279 77729 2021-08-24T00:10:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:VitamineB2.png|thumb|VitamineB2]] '''Vitamini B2''' cyangwa '''Vitamine B2''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : ibinyampeke cyane cyane ingano zimeze (''blé germé''), ubuki, amande na avoka. ''Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze'' : kubura igikuriro, cyane cyane amaboko n’amaguru, n’ingingo zishinzwe kubona, habaho gukanyarara k’uruhu. [[Dosiye:HoneyMacaron.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|ubucyi]] [[Category:Vitamini]] 7disu6dsfxc0g4hkaoaeqe8tn4acgl5 0 3151 78281 77730 2021-08-24T00:14:48Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vitamin_B6-Dierking.jpg|thumb|Vitamin B6 ubu bwoko bwa vitamini buboneka mubintu bitandukanye birimo imboga ndetse n'avoka.]] [[Dosiye:Avocado_IMGP1082.jpg|thumb|Avoka n'izimwe mu imbuto dusangamo Vitamin B6]] '''Vitamini B6''' cyangwa '''Vitamine B6''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : [[ibinyampeke]], [[imboga]], [[amata]], [[umuhondo w’igi]], [[igitoki]], amatunda nka [[avoka]], ''pêche'', [[amande]], n’ibihumyo, [[soya]], ''noix'', ubuki. ''Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze'' : umunaniro utagira impamvu, guta umutwe, kubura amaraso, imivurungano mu mikorere y’uruhu, kandi iyi vitamini ikaba umuti w’indwara ya pellagre ikunda kwigaragariza mu ndwara z’uruhu. [[Dosiye:Avocado IMGP1082.jpg|center|thumb|340x340px|avoka]] [[Category:Vitamini]] jnnc363nz2ygx6c53tzcwz9ov9cs3bb 0 3152 78353 78278 2021-08-24T08:11:27Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:VitamineB12.png|thumb|VitamineB12]] [[Dosiye:Vitamin_B12_capsule.jpg|thumb|Vitamini B12]] '''Vitamini B12''' cyangwa '''Vitamine B12''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : ikorerwa mu mara ikaboneka mu rusukume rwayo, iboneka kandi mu mashu y’indabyo (''choux-fleur''), mu ngano zimeze. Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze : imivurungano mu mikorere y’ubwonko, mu iremwa ry’amaraso, kugabanuka kw’amaraso ku rugero ruhanitse. [[Dosiye:African brain.png|center|thumb|320x320px|ubwonko]] [[Category:Vitamini]] p0cajgge9m21qp5orzzkuvmovhw96vy 0 3153 78356 78280 2021-08-24T08:16:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Niacin structure.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Vitamini B3</font>]] [[Dosiye:Huile_d'Olive_de_Nîmes.jpg|thumb|Amavuta ya elayo]] '''Vitamini B3''' (cyangwa '''Vitamine B3''') cyangwa '''Vitamini PP''' ''Inkomoko'' : [[ibinyampeke]], [[imbuto]], [[imboga]], [[amavuta ya elayo]] (''huile d’olive'') n’ay’ibihwagari. ''Ingorane zibaho iyo yabuze'' : imivurungano mu bwonko, mu mwijima, mu gifu n’uruhu, indwara ya pellagre, gushigagurika, umunaniro, guta umutwe, kwibagirwa, kutabona neza, kugira intimba, kurakazwa n’ubusa, kubabuka umunwa no mu muhogo, kubura ipfa ryo kurya, kuruka, guhitwa, kuzinukwa ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe. [[Dosiye:Münster, Wochenmarkt -- 2015 -- 7417.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|imbuto]] [[Category:Vitamini]] gxe17tun8x8rikijkiwgqpt15arurg6 0 3154 14031 2010-12-27T20:41:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Vitamini B3]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vitamini B3]] lv4v1yeqtklzld71my8vqrizldfahc5 0 3155 78358 78276 2021-08-24T08:23:02Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Vitamini C</font>]] [[Dosiye:Unripe_lemon.jpg|thumb|indimu]] '''Vitamini C''' cyangwa '''Vitamine C''' ''Aho ikomoka'' : ni umwihariko w’ibimera, cyane cyane ibibisi, by’umwihariko kapusine, [[indimu]], [[amaronji]]. Ntiba mu bikomoka ku nyamaswa. ''Ingorane zibaho'' iyo yabuze : kubura ipfa ryo kurya, intege nke, umunaniro cyane cyane uwo mu bwonko, kuremererwa mu maguru, kubura amaraso, kubura igikuriro, kudatsina wakomeretse, kuribwa mu mutwe. Ntibikwa mu mubiri. [[Dosiye:Nuts, Apples & Oranges.jpg|center|thumb|380x380px|imbuto]] [[Category:Vitamini]] a25ty3vv46uxqllbd3rszayb8yzz7v8 0 3156 72487 70476 2020-07-17T12:29:40Z Deborahjay 6702 section heading and Reflist template wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brains-fr.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ubwonko</font>]] [[File:Cerebral lobes.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ubwonko bw’Umuntu</font>]] '''Ubwonko''' bw’inyamaswa zikururuka (''reptiles'') buzibashisha kumenyera vuba aho zigeze n’ibihe zirimo (ni yo mpamvu muzasanga izo nyamaswa zihindagurika mu bushyuhe bw’umubiri bitewe n’uko aho ziri hashyushye cyangwa hakonje), ubw’inyamswa bita [[inyamabere]] bukazibashisha kwiyoroshya, ntizigire amahane, ariko ubwonko bw’umuntu ni bwo bwonyine bushoboye guhimba ibishya no gukundana nyakuri. Kuva kera cyane, [[uruyuki]] rw’urunyamirimo (''l’abeille ouvrière'') rukora uruhererekane rw’ibyo rushinzwe ariko kuri gahunda zitajya zidahinduka. Mu gice cy’inyuma cy’ubwonko twagereranya n’uruhu rwabwo (''cortex cérébral'') ni ho habikwa ibyo washyize mu bwonko ngo uzabyibuke : Agace k’inyuma werekera hasi (''région occipitale'') ni ko kibuka ibyo wabonesheje amaso (les informations visuelles). Naho agace ko hejuru no mu mpande aharinganiriye n’igufwa ryo hejuru n’irya nyiramivumbi (''région pariétotemporale'') ko kabika ibyavuzwe (''les informations verbales''). [[File:Putamen small.gif|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Ubwonko bw’Umuntu</font>]] Mu by’ukuri utwo duce dukora umurimo watwo ku manywa (''activité diurne''), ariko na nijoro usinziriye uri mu nzozi (''le sommeil paradoxal avec rêves'') na byo birushaho gushimangira ibyinjiye mu bwonko kugira ngo uzabyibuke. Kugira ngo umuntu yibuke, ubwonko bwo mu mutwe bubigiramo uruhare rukomeye. Nk’agace k’ahagana mu gahanga (''lobe frontal''), by’umwihariko kagira umumaro wo guhitamo ibyo wibuka, kagahitamo ibigomba kubikwa mu bwonko, kubisesengura no kubitunganya kugira ngo intekerezo zihamanye n’ibikorwa. == Kandi == * [[Kanseri y’ubwonko]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Umubiri w’umuntu]] 6an6r6fc7894ku7wusau3cwmjnh97wy 0 3158 78711 76904 2021-08-26T07:10:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ascaris lumbricoides.jpeg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Asikarisi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Collection_Penard_MHNG_Specimen_237-3-2_Difflugia_elegans.tif|thumb|Amibe]] '''Inzoka zo mu nda''' Abana bakunze kurwara izo nzoka, bakazandura cyane cyane binyuze mu kanwa, bitewe n’imikino yabo n’isuku yabo igoranye kuyibakorera. Izo bakunze kurwara cyane ni [[asikarisi]], [[ogiziyire]], [[amibe]], [[teniya]], n’izindi zitera guhitwa cyane nka [[jiyaridiyaze]] na [[tirikusi]] (''giardias et trichuris''). == Ibimenyetso == Iyo umwana adakeye mu maso (''pâle''), agakunda kurakara nta mpamvu, akabura ipfa ryo kurya, iyo adasinzira neza (akaryama ashikagurika) kandi agataka uburyaryate mu kibuno, ni ngombwa kwihutira kumuvuza inzoka zo mu nda. Umwana ashobora kwiyanduza na we ubwe. Iyo yishimaguye mu kibuno, ashobora gusigarana mu nzara z’intoki ze amagi y’inzoka maze atasukurwa neza mbere yo kurya akamira ayo magi hamwe n’ibyokurya cyangwa akayamira igihe ashyira intoki ze mu kanwa. Iyo ayo magi ageze mu mara, avamo izindi nzoka, ziyongera ku zo asanganwe. Ni ngombwa rero gusenya urwo ruziga ruhoraho (''cercle vicieux''). Akenshi, izo nzoka n’amagi yazo zijya zisohokera mu kibuno, ku bana b’abakobwa zishobora no kugera ku myanya ndangagitsina y’umwana, bikamutera uburyaryate butuma yishimagura cyangwa akarwara indwara zifata mu myanya ndangagitsina y’inyuma. Izo nzoka zishobora no gutera uburwayi bw’akanyama k’agafuka gato kaba ku iherezo ry’urura runini ari bwo apandisite ndetse bigatera n’amara kuziba akifunga (''occlusions intestinales''). [[Dosiye:202002_Microorganism_amoeba.svg|thumb|Amibe]] [[Category:Inyamaswa]] blygr2ugx1t5mmrrffboeklnhjlivb8 0 3159 78827 65756 2021-08-27T11:03:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blind man carrying a paralysed man.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kugagara ingingo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Face_detail,_Blind_man_carrying_a_paralysed_man_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Kugagara ingingo]] Indwara yo '''Kugagara ingingo''' ni ukugabanuka cyangwa guhagarara k’ubushobozi bwo kwikunjakunja cyangwa kwinyeganyeza kw’inyama z’umubiri w’ibiremwa byigenza, ku bwo kwangirika (''lésions'') kw’agace runaka k’ubwonko gakoresha urwo rugingo. Ariko kandi tumenye ko habaho n’ubushobozi buke bw’inyama z’umubiri biturutse ku gucika kw’imitsi ikomeye cyane itarimo umwenge ifatisha inyama z’umubiri ku magufwa, utwo dutsi twacika urugingo ntirwihine (ni two bita « ''tendons'' »), hakabaho kutihina neza kw’ingingo z’umubiri (''ankylose des articulations''), ariko kandi iyo byatewe no guterwa ikinya cyangwa kujya muri koma (kurwara cyangwa kugira impanuka kugeza ubwo umera nk’uwapfuye), ibyo ntibishyirwa muri urwo rwego rw’uburwayi bwo kugagara ingingo. Iyo ndwara ihindagura amazina bitewe n’aho yafatiye. Bayita [[emipleji]] (''hémiplégie'') iyo yafashe uruhande rw’umubiri rw’iburyo rwose cyangwa urw’ibumoso. Bayita [[parapleji]] (''paraplégie'') iyo yafashe igice cyo hepfo y’ikiyunguyungu (no ku gice kiba ku iherezo ry’urura runini, kimeze nk’agafuka kabanza kwitekeramo imyanda y’amabyi mbere y’uko asohoka (bahita « rectum »), n’ako gace karafatwa). Bayita [[omopleji]] (''homoplégie'') iyo hamugaye urugingo rumwe gusa. Bayita [[parezi]] (''parésie'') iyo ingingo zitamugaye burundu (''paralysie incomplète''). Iyo umubiri utumva ibiwukozeho, babyita kugwa ikinya (''anesthésie = perte de la sensibilité au tact''). Iyo utumva ibiwubabaza (perte de la sensibilité à la douleur) babyita [[analjezi]] (''analgésie''). Iyo ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo kumva ibiwukorakora burenze urugero, babyita [[ipersitezi]] « ''hypersthésie'' ». Ku wo yafashe, inyama z’urugingo ziragagara (''raideur musculaire ou contracture''), urugingo rukaba rwananuka (''atrophie''). Icyo gihe hashobora kubaho uburwayi bugagaza inyama z’amaguru bita imbwa, bikababaza cyane, (''crampes douloureuses''). == == * Kugagara k’umusokoro wo mu ruti rw’umugongo bajya bita indwara ya Landiri (''Paralysie ascendante, dite „Maladie de Landry“'') * Kugagara ururimi, iminwa, urusenge rw’akanwa, akamironko n’ahakegereye (''Paralysie bulbaire ou labio-glosso-larynge'') * Kugagara ikiganza (''Paralysie radiale'') * Kugagara amaguru (''Paralysies des membres inférieurs'') * Kumugara imitsi yumva ikoresha amaso (''Paralysie des nerfs moteurs de l’œil'') == Imiyoboro == * [http://ubugorozi.org/kin/index.php?start_from=27&ucat=&archive=&subaction=&id=&zimab ubugorozi.org] [[Category:Indwara]] 42aodheatrvaumns3p3u0tng3tg4omf 0 3161 76360 72562 2021-07-23T20:39:23Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Helles im Glas-Helles (pale beer).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inzoga</font>]] '''Inzoga''' izo ari zo zose zishobora gutera [[kanseri]], ndetse byeri na vin, ari zo benshi bavuga ko zishobora kuvura, guhora uzinywa, cyangwa ukanywa nyinshi bishobora gutera kanseri. == Mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Pivo_Laško_icecold.jpg|thumb|Inzoga]] * [[Urwagwa]] * [[Ikigage]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] 7360o9awx9ekjx5wye6fivpxkyarxr3 0 3162 81670 79529 2022-01-31T11:25:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A small cup of coffee.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikawa</span>]] [[File:FruitColors.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikawa</span>]] [[File:Roasted_coffee_beans_in_white_bowl.png|thumb|ikawa]] '''Ikawa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Coffea'') ni [[igiti]] Ikawa yageze mu [[Rwanda]] ahagana mu mwaka wa 1900, ariko ubushakashatsi kuri iki gihingwa bwatangiye mu mwaka 1930 ubwo hageragezwaga imbuto zitandukanye z’ikawa zivuye muri Mulungu ([[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]). Ikawa ubu ifata umwanya wa kabiri mu bihingwa nyuma y’icyayi mu kwinjiza amadovize ariko ihura n’ibibazo by’ibyonnyi n’indwara, uburyo bwo guhinga budatunganye n’imbuto zidafite umusaruro uhagije. Kunywa ikawa bigira rukuruzi yo gutera [[kanseri]] yo mu ruhago, yo mu mabere, cyangwa ibiturugunyu (''tumeur'') ni utubyimba tubanziriza kanseri. == Ikawa na Indwara ya diyabete == N'ubwo abantu benshi usanga batinya ikawa kubera ko izamura umuvuduko w'amaraso, habayeho ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu gihe cy'imyaka 18 ku bagore 1361 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 39 na 65 banywaga ikawa, maze basanga 74 bararwaye [[indwara ya diyabete]]. Baje gusanga ikawa ifasha mu kwirinda diyabete kuri 45% ku banywa uturahuri (tasses) 3 cyangwa 4 ku munsi, kuri 61% abanywa uturahuri 5-6 ku munsi, naho abanywa uturahuri 7 ku munsi ikabarinda kuri 52%. Bikaba bigaragara ko abanywa uturahuri 5 cyangwa 6 aribo barindwa ku kigero cyo hejuru. Mu bundi bushakashatsi bwa études sur la santé des infirmières bwakozwe ku bantu benshi, barimo abagabo 41234 n`abagore 84200 batarwaye yaba diyabete, yaba kanseri cyangwa se n'indwara z'umutima, bagiye bareba uburyo banywamo ikawa nyuma y'imyaka ibiri na nyuma y'ine. Nyuma abarwaye diyabete bari abagabo 1333, n'abagore 4085. Aho naho bamenye ko caféine iboneka mu ikawa ifite uruhare mu kurinda indwara ya diyabete, yaba ku bagore cyangwa se no ku bagabo. Cafeine kandi si diabete gusa ivura byagaragaye ko irwanya indwara nyinshi zitandukanye mumubiri. Bakaba banavuga ko ari byiza ku bamaze kurwara diyabete kunywa ikawa kuko ifasha mu bijyanye n'uko umubiri wakira umusemburo wa insuline ndeste n`uburyo umubiri wihanganira ''glucose''. Igisigaye ku bashakashatsi akaba ari ukumenya buryo ki irinda iyo ndwara. Gusa ni ngombwa kwirinda gukabya, nta kurenza uturahure 5 cyangwa 6 ku munsi!<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-8-15-9029.html Uruhare rw'ikawa (Café, Coffee) mu kurwanya indwara ya diyabete]</ref> ==Reba kandi== * [[Ikawa ya Maraba]] * [[Icyayi]] * [[Matte]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812042718/http://www.isar.rw/spip.php?article148 ISAR Porogaramu y’Ikawa] [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] 5m4ibmqp7105bdan7cb9p8qdp32h2ya 0 3163 77331 72809 2021-08-09T20:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thyroid_Cancer_(26990475791).jpg|thumb|Thyroid Cancer (26990475791)]] '''Kanseri''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] na [[gifaransa]]: ''cancer'' ) * [[Kanseri y’ibere]] cyangwa [[Kanseri y’amabere]] * [[Kanseri yo mu ruhu]] * [[Kanseri yo mu mabya]] * [[Kanseri yo mu kamironko]] (''larynx'') * [[Kanseri yo mu mazuru]] (''nez'') * [[Kanseri y’ubwonko]] cangwa [[Kanseri yo mu bwonko]] * [[Kanseri yo mu kanwa]] * [[Kanseri yo mu muhogo]] (''gorge'') * [[Kanseri yo mu bihaha]] * [[Kanseri yo mu gifu]] (''estomac''h) * [[Kanseri y’umwijima]] (''foie'') * [[Kanseri yo mu mara]] cyangwa [[Kanseri y’umura]], [[Kanseri z’inkondo y’umura]] * [[Kanseri yo mu mura]] * [[Kanseri yo mu mpyiko]] (''rein'') * [[Kanseri yo mu rwagashya]] (''pancréas'') * [[Kanseri yo mu murerantanga ngabo]] * [[Kanseri yo mu gasabo k’intangangore]] cyangwa [[Kanseri ya y’imirerantanga]] * [[Kanseri yo muri nyababyeyi]] * [[kanseri za nyababyeyi]] * [[Kanseri yo mu ruhago]] (''vessie'') == Imiyoboro == * https://web.archive.org/web/20111107192946/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/category/topics/health/sickness-disease/common-diseases/cancers [[Category:Kanseri| ]] nm7s2jaqo944e6fkh2agxrgnr284ivh 0 3166 78366 77332 2021-08-24T09:16:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cancerous lung.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri yo mu bihaha</font>]] '''Kanseri yo mu bihaha''' ni yombi kurusha izindi [[kanseri]], ariko nanone niyo yoreshye mu kwirinda. Abakabakaba 9/10 bafite kanseri yo mu bihaha bayiterwa no kunkwa itabi. Kuvura abantu kanseri yo mu bihaha biri gutera imbere, ariko ntamuti wari waboneka. Ikingenzi wakora kugira ngo urinde ibibi abagicicije nawe ubwawe ni ukutankwa itabi. Na none, kureba niba irimo umwuka (gaze) bita radon, ni umwuka mubi ukaba ari uwakabiri mu gutera kanseri yo mu bihaha. [[Dosiye:Lung_cancer.jpg|thumb|Kanseri yo mu bihaha]] == Imiyoboro == * https://web.archive.org/web/20160314101639/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2427 [[Category:Kanseri]] ol630gykhte54ywxrprgitg8qfurwsk 0 3168 14091 2010-12-28T00:28:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kanseri y’ibere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanseri y’ibere]] 7ltx9oyb0usop4uiwakavnjt6u8bw7z 0 3169 78372 77366 2021-08-24T09:43:02Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sketch of the human genitalia german.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|nyababyeyi]] [[Dosiye:Utérus_Cervicite_ulcéreuse_55-o.apatho-1444a-uterus.jpg|thumb|Kanseri yo muri nyababyeyi]] '''[[Kanseri]] yo muri nyababyeyi''' tuyisanga aho umwana akurira. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri yo muri nyababyeyi: Kanseri y’umworohera wo muri nyababyeyi na kanseri yo munda ibyara. Kanseri y’umworohera wo muri nyababyeyi irasanzwe kandi iboneka igihe kanseri yibasiye igice (ihuriro) ry’uturemangingo turi kuri nyababyeyi. Kanseri yo munda ibyara ntikunze kuboneka, ikurira mumikaya cyangwa mutundi turemangingo dufasha nyababyeyi. Ni byiza ko ubonana na muganga buri mwaka akagupima (''pelvis'') == Imiyoboro == * https://web.archive.org/web/20160305120030/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2433 [[Category:Kanseri]] faixjwmvjsen39xqu83zy0ifqsy6yic 0 3170 78371 77335 2021-08-24T09:38:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Basal cell carcinoma.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri yo mu ruhu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mus_musculus_melanoma_skin_cancer_cells_in_UFV.jpg|thumb|Kanseri yo mu ruhu]] '''[[Kanseri]] yo mu ruhu''' ikunze kuboneka cyane muri [[Afurika]] yepfo kandi mu bazungu cyane. Abirabura bo muri Afurika yepfo muri rusange ntabwo bafite ibyago byo kwandura kanseri yo mu ruhu. Iravurwa akenshi igakira iyo yamenyekanye hakiri kare. Nubwo bariya badapfa kwibasirwa na kanseri yo mu ruhu, bagakoresheje amavuta arinda uruhu igihe uri hanze cyane cyane hagati ya saa 10:00 za mbere ya saa sita na saa 3:00 za nyuma ya saa sita z’amanywa. == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20150401114828/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2431 [[Category:Kanseri]] gd1r5gzo27chdj1cgvuyut0egswr4hy 0 3171 78368 77333 2021-08-24T09:26:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Seminoma of the Testis.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri yo mu mabya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Fatal_testicular_cancer_in_a_66-year_old_man_with_secondarie_Wellcome_V0036647ER.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Kanseri yo mu mabya</font>]] '''[[Kanseri]] yo mu mabya''' ni yo kanseri iboneka cyane mu r’ubyiruko rw’abagabo (bafite imyaka 15-35). Kanseri zose ni uturemangingo twororoka vuba tukaba twasenya ururemangingo ruzima (''tissu''). Amakuru meza ni uko kanseri yo mu mabya ntikunze kuboneka, kandi iranavurwa. Amabya aba inyuma y’imboro. Uretse gutanga amasohoro aba arimo inangangabo, akora imisemburo myinshi y’abagabo. Amabya aranyerera, afite ishusho yo kwigonda kandi arakomeye. Abagabo bagomba kwisuzuma rimwe mu kwezi kureba niba hari igihinduka. == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20111006154529/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2432 [[Category:Kanseri]] 50b19z4mdqxnoqs18p6zm8frhjh9ys6 0 3174 78374 77338 2021-08-24T09:47:16Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hirnmetastase MRT-T1 KM.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri y’ubwonko</font>]] [[Dosiye:4-year-old-boy-with-angiocentric-glioma-Axial-T2weighted-image-shows-a-hyperintense.png|thumb|Kanseri y’ubwonko]] '''[[Kanseri]] y’[[ubwonko]]''' cangwa '''Kanseri yo mu bwonko''' Ubwonko ni igice cy’urwungano rw’imyakura. Mu bigize na none urwungano rw’imyakura harimo n’uruti rw’umugongo. Byose ari ubwonko n’uruti rw’umugongo bishobora gukuza utubyimba twa kanseri. Nubwo kanseri y’ubwonko idakunze kugaragara, ibimenyetso byakomeje kwiyongera muri iyi myaka 10 ishize, kandi kanseri y’ubwonko ishobora kwica iyo idakurikiranwe hakiri kare. == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20160314110931/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2423 [[Category:Kanseri]] t25jpwg80ifncu9nlft61g60doi4qkn 0 3175 14111 2010-12-28T01:00:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kanseri y’ubwonko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanseri y’ubwonko]] fs4dhmrt2hualna21mfj951yk4e8016 0 3180 77334 64980 2021-08-09T20:24:36Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ca in situ, cervix 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanseri yo mu mura</font>]] '''[[Kanseri]] yo mu mura''' Umura ni igice kibanza kiri hagati y’igitsina gore ([[igituba]]) n’inda ibyara. Inkuru nziza ni uko iyi ndwara yoroshye kuyivura iyo igaragaye hakiri kare. Ishobora kugaragara mu mashereka y’impoko bapimye bya buri gihe cyangwa mu kizami cy’intuntu (''pelvis''). == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20160314075153/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/146/2425 [[Category:Kanseri]] e38ndvmrwgf309a4xlwsfenvm83ntuy 0 3182 77971 74053 2021-08-19T14:46:46Z 65.95.253.220 /* Leta */I changed the name of the ancient General Gouverner of Canada by the present one . wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kanada</span>]] [[File:Canada (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Kanada</span>]] [[File:Peyto_Lake-Banff_NP-Canada.jpg|thumb|Peyto Lake-Banff NP-Canada]] [[File:Basílica_de_Notre-Dame,_Montreal,_Canadá,_2017-08-11,_DD_20-22_HDR.jpg|thumb|Basílica de Notre-Dame, Montreal, Canadá, 2017-08-11, DD 20-22 HDR]] '''Kanada''' (izina mu [[Cyongereza]] no mu [[Gifaransa]] : ''Canada'' ) ni [[igihugu]] kinini cyane giherereye mu gice cyo mu majyaruguru y’umugabane wa [[Amerika ya Ruguru]]. Gikikijwe n’inyanja ya [[Atalantika]] mu burasirazuba, inyanja ya [[Pasifika]] mu burengerazuba n’inyanja ya [[Arikitika]] mu majyaruguru. Nicyo gihugu cya kabiri kinini ku isi mu buso nyuma y’u Burusiya, aho gifite ubuso bwa [[kilometero kare]] 9,984,670. Kanada ihana imbibe na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu majyepfo no mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba, ukaba ariwo mupaka muremure ku isi. Ubusanzwe Kanada yari ituwe n’abasangwabutaka kugera mu kinyejana cya 15 ubwo [[Abafaransa]] n’[[Abongereza]] bazaga kureba uko hameze. Nyuma baje kuhatura rero, mu nkengero za Atalantika. Abo basangwabutaka baje gushegeshwa bikomeye n’indwara zari ziturutse i [[Burayi]], ubu hasigaye mbarwa. Kuri ubu, iki gihugu gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 31. Nicyo gihugu abantu bajya guturamo cyane, bikaba akenshi biterwa n’impamvu z’ubukungu cyangwa hakaba hari ababa basanzeyo abo bafitanye isano. == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa [[1763]] Abafaransa baretse colonies zose bari bafite muri Amerika ya Ruguru, nyuma y’intambara yiswe '"Guerre de sept ans". Mu mwaka wa 1867, Kanada yahinduwe intara ifite ubwigenge bucagase, icibwamo intara 4, aha ni naho hatangiriye ukwigenga gusumbyeho, byatumye Kanada itacyometse cyane ku [[Bwongereza]]. Mu mwaka wa [[1919]], Kanada yinjiye muri Société des Nations nk’igihugu ukwacyo kitari mu Bwongereza, naho mu mwaka wa 1945, Kanada iba kimwe mu bihugu byashinze Loni. == Intara na teritwari == [[File:Political map of Canada.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita yerekana intara na teritwari za Kanada.</span>]] Kuri ubu Kanada igizwe n’intara 10 arizo: [[Ontario]], [[Québec]], [[Alberta]], [[Nova Scotia]], [[Nouveau Brunswick]], [[Manitoba]], [[Colombie Britannique]], [[Ile du Prince Edouard]], [[Saskatchewan]] na [[Terre Neuve na Labrador]]. Kanada kandi igizwe na [[teritwari]] 3 (''territoires'') Québec niyo ntara nini kurusha izindi, ikaba ari nayo ituwe cyane nyuma ya Ontario. Ikaba ivugirwamo igifaransa cyonyine nk’ururimi rwemewe, mawe mu mashyaka yahoo akaba anifuza ko iyo ntara yakwikura kuri Kanada ikigenga. == [[Ibendera rya Kanada]] == [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|thumb|left|100px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kanada</span>]] Ibendera rya Kanada rizwi cyane, rikaba ari umweru n’umutuku. Hagati harimo ishusho ry’ikibabi cy’igiti cyitwa érable ushobora gusanga henshi muri icyo gihugu, kikaba cyinatanga umutobe uryoshye (''sirop d'érable''). == Ururimi == Kanada ni igihugu kivugirwamo indimi 2 zemewe: [[Igifaransa]] n’[[Icyongereza]]. Ubwo uwo ''Gouverneur Général'' yageraga mu Rwanda, bamwe mwumvise ko yavugaga ijambo mu rurimi rumwe, akongera akabivuga mu rundi. Ibi bikaba biterwa n’iyo politiki yo kubahiriza izo ndimi zombi (''bilinguisme''). == Leta == [[File:Canadian parliament MAM.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Kanada iyoborwa nk’ubutegetsi bushingiye ku nteko ishinga amategeko, aho kuba ku mukuru w’igihugu nk’uko bimeze ahandi henshi ku isi. Muri iyi minsi twagiye twumva intiyo “Gouverneur Général”, aho kumva perezida. Ibi biterwa n’uko ubundi Kanada iyoborwa n’umwamikazi w’u bwongereza, akaba gusa yoherezayo Gouverneur Général wo kumuhagararira. Kuri ubu Gouverneur Général ni Madamu Mary Simon. Minisitiri w’intebe ni nk’aho ariwe mutegetsi ukomeye uba uri muri Kanada. Aturuka mu ishyaka ryatsinze amatora yo mu nteko, kandi niwe ushyiraho guverinoma ankanayihindura. Kanada iri mu miryango nka [[G8]] (umuryango uhuza ibihugu 8 bikize ku isi), [[G-20]] (umuryango uhuza ibihugu 20 bikize ku isi), [[OTAN]], [[OCDE]], [[OMC]], [[Commonwealth]], [[Francophonie]], [[OAS]], [[APEC]] na Loni ([[ONU]]). == == Kanada ni kimwe mu bihugu bikize kandi bikomeye ku isi. Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane cyane ku mutungo kamere n’ubuhahirane na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bituranye. Kanada ifite amashyamba arimo ibiti bikenerwa cyane, ikungahaye kandi kuri [[peteroli]] na [[gaz]]. Hari amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye kandi akenerwa nka zinc, uranium, n’ayandi. [[Category:Kanada]] [[Category:Amerika ya Ruguru]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pranrqhivansqrpj9ks4el9r8pader6 14 3183 78613 68224 2021-08-25T17:25:52Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q33008722]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] av5dfzhlbgmee47znv8cud2l0eacr9c 0 3184 14155 2010-12-28T09:03:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kanada]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanada]] 77o07rtdt0940f9swn09n17czs1wu29 0 3185 14159 2010-12-28T09:08:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 0 3186 14214 2010-12-28T14:49:06Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Amagi]] to [[Igi]]: -plural +singular wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igi]] dxsw4zrepxkfq9u9qlriwf0bdnohxm2 0 3187 81443 76172 2022-01-31T10:50:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IUCN logo.svg.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:IUCN_logo.svg|thumb|IUCN logo]] '''Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi''' (IUCN ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Union for Conservation of Nature'' cyangwa ''World Conservation Union'') wahoze ari umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ibidukikije n umutungo kamere. Bavuga ko kurengera ibidukikije ari wo musingi w iterambere mu by ubukungu. [[Category:Imiryango]] ku69fxy8cgvejnvys49p6mgcr007tle 0 3189 77480 64983 2021-08-11T02:53:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Minister_for_Transport,_Tourism_&_Sport_Leo_Varadkar_Tourism_Ireland_Launches_2013_Marketing_Plans_(8229477101).jpg|thumb|Minisitiri w'ubuhahirane, ubukerarugendo n'ubucuruzi mu igihugu cya Thailand ubwo yasuraga ishuri rikuru ryigisha iberebana n'ubukungu.]] [[Dosiye:2016_Prowincja_Krabi,_Ko_Phi_Phi_Don,_Plaża_Ton_Sai_(05).jpg|thumb|Ahakunze gukorerwa ubukerarugendo ]] '''Focus on the Global South''' ni Porogaramu iharanira amajyambere ikorana na Univerisite yo mu gihugu cya [[Tailand]]. Ivuga ko Ikomatanyabukungu ari ryo ryongereye ubukene rikaba ryaranatumye ibidukikije byononekara. Ivuga kandi ko amasezerano menshi ashyirwaho ibihugu bikize ari byo biyungukiramo kurusha ibihugu bikennye. [[Category:Imiryango]] my85bztimrm69fj85s4alcf4hrry48u 0 3190 76323 64984 2021-07-23T05:37:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sanya_Smith_of_Third_World_Network_(TWN)_(41600450684).jpg|thumb|Sanya Smith of Third World Network (TWN) ]] '''Ihuriro ry Ibihugu Bikiri mu Nzira y’Amajyambere''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Third World Network'') ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu, uhuza abantu ku giti cyabo n indi miryango iharanira amajyambere mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y amajyambere wita no ku bibazo hagati y ibihugu bikize n ibikennye. Uyu muryango uharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije kuko ari ryo pfundo ry iterambere, ni ukuvuga ko ibihugu bikize bigira uruhare rukomeye mu iyangirika ry ibidukikije. [[Dosiye:Britain’s_Foreign_Policy_in_a_Networked_World_(4751158497).jpg|thumb|'''Ihuriro ry Ibihugu Bikiri mu Nzira y’Amajyambere''']] [[Category:Imiryango]] g0tgm6ly74pxgjq3vhzsuud114pjbll 0 3191 76975 76851 2021-08-04T23:17:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GTBank Rwanda Headquarter.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|gt bank]] '''Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari''' (IMF ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Monetary Fund'') kivuga ko Ikomatanyabukungu ritagira umupaka ari ubwiyongere mu gukenerana kw’ibihugu ku isi yose mu bijyanye n’abantu n’ibintu byambuka imipaka, serivisi, [[amafaranga]], umutungo, ikoranabuhanga, Icyo bose bemeranya ariko ni’uko ikomatanyabukungu ritagira umupaka rigira [[ubukungu]], [[politiki]], umuco ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga mu miterere yaryo ku isi. [[Category:Imiryango]] [[Category:Ubukungu]] leun66ilj19s3t60fd4sqx2f9mpy3by 0 3193 77465 76847 2021-08-11T01:54:37Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:U.S.-Pakistan_Center_for_Advanced_Studies_Inaugurated_as_the_International_Conference_on_‘Sustainable_Agriculture’_in_Faisalabad_Commences_(31053156895).jpg|thumb|Ikigo mpuzamahanga giharanira amajyambere arambye]] '''Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye''' (IISD ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Institute for Sustainable Development''): Ni ikigo kidaharanira inyungu gikora ubushakashatsi. Iki kigo kivuga ko ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi no mu ishoramari ari byo biteza imbere ubukungu n’amajyambere. Iki kigo kivuga ko uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe mu nzego zose bugomba kubungwabungwa kugirango amajyambere arambye agerweho kandi uburinganire bw abaturage ni ngombwa kugira ngo bigerweho. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.iisd.org/ [[Category:Imiryango]] 432p93retuqfwd5ijpkosvw2d7rtqrp 0 3194 77620 14227 2021-08-14T15:31:53Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:IFG_LOGO.gif|thumb|100x100px|IFG LOGO]] [[Dosiye:Global_Services_Forum_(6947522960).jpg|thumb|Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] '''Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu''' (IFG ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Forum on Globalisation''). Iyi forumu yo irengera ubusugire bwa buri hantu, ishyigikiye ko hashyirwaho imipaka ntarengwa yatuma igicuruzwa cy’igihugu runaka kigira ubusugire, ivuga ko igicuruzwa cyambuka imipaka ari uko aho kigiye bo badashobora kucyikorera. Irwanya kwegurira ibikorwa abikorera ku giti cyabo kuko bituma Leta idashobora kurengera uburenganzira bw abaturage. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.ifg.org/ [[Category:Imiryango]] mkwbhog80bxmhbyo0ofpqeo6qsbxxxc 0 3195 14228 2010-12-28T15:30:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi]] jftq4z34z0akwgkh08ol2jatx4vvtcv 0 3196 14229 2010-12-28T15:31:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] i7ozxn3ozf6rqnwthc6m5ka0npsk2rr 0 3197 14230 2010-12-28T15:31:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] 29i870ec4yotr8kzxvi2u5vrewfw6by 0 3198 81530 78191 2022-01-31T11:04:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Greenpeace_logo.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amahoro Masa </span>]] [[Dosiye:Concierto Enérgicas de Greenpeace, Madrid 2018, 00.jpg|thumb|green peace muri madrid 2018]] [[Dosiye:Greenpeace.jpg|thumb|Amahoro Masa]] '''Amahoro Masa''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Greenpeace'') : Ni ikigo kidaharanira inyungu giharanira kurengera ibidukikije. Kivuga ko ibihugu bikize ari byo bibona inyungu nyinshi kurusha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere mu bwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi. Ku bw’iki kigo ubucuruzi buza nyuma y’uko ibidukikije n’abantu byitaweho. [[Category:Imiryango]] [[Category:Kamere]] cwaquk9qidu4a09g5nhl9536il1i9i2 0 3199 76320 64987 2021-07-23T05:18:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TAMUCC_-_Carlos_Truan_Natural_Resource_Building.png|thumb|Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe umutungo kamere]] '''Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere''' (WWF ; ''World Wide Fund for Nature''). Giharanira kurengera ibidukikije; cyemera ko ubucuruzi ari kimwe mu bituma amajyambere agerwaho ariko kandi bugomba gukorwa ku buryo butabangamira ibidukikije kuko kurengera ibidukikije, ubutaka, abantu n’ibihangano byabo ari rwo rufunguzo rw’iterambere. [[Dosiye:P0000002881(39563)(NRCS_Photo_Gallery).jpg|thumb|Kwita kubidukikije birimo ubutaka ndetse n'ubusitani]] [[Dosiye:Natural_Resource_Damage_Assessment_Info_(4827322100).jpg|thumb|Abashinzwe gushyingura inyandiko z'umutungo kamere no kurerengera ibidukikije]] [[Category:Imiryango]] [[Category:Kamere]] 7kwq0yqpf9dvb6h7vaavumh3dc2rnyq 0 3200 14235 2010-12-28T15:49:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] ixo3sb4s0b2t9khassazddx5m2xm1vc 0 3202 77817 71693 2021-08-17T23:45:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oxfam logo, 2016 (cropped).jpg|thumb|]] '''Oxfam''' ni ikigo mpuzamahanga giharanira kurwanya ubukene, akarengane no gutotezwa. N’ubwo Oxfam ishyigikiye ko ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga byakorwa, yemeza ko ari nabyo bitera ubukene. Ishyigikiye cyane ikitwa ''Fair trade'' kurusha ''Free trade'' (koroherana kurusha kwisanzura). Oxfam iharanira ko uburenganzira bw’abafite intege nke bwakwitabwaho cyane mu masezerano mpuzamahanga, yaba ay’ubucuruzi, ingendo n’ibindi. [[Dosiye:AfricanContinentalFreeTradeArea.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|free trade]] [[Category:Imiryango]] nrorrwkmssdlt08y3uax090hc4iyc2w 0 3204 81733 76980 2022-01-31T11:35:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FoE logo.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|incuti]] '''Incuti z’Isi''' (FOEI ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Friends of the Earth International'') ni impuzamiryango irengera ibidukikijeikaba irwanya [[ikomatanyabukungu]] ritagira imipaka kuko ubucuruzimpuzamahanga bugirwamo inyungu n’abifite, rubanda rugufi ikahagwa. [[Category:Imiryango]] 9lw3efx8v3o2m9r4pi6431h5pqk82ew 0 3206 16213 14248 2011-01-05T01:32:55Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Incuti z’Isi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Incuti z’Isi]] q3a3tod7njqycbhp3xrzqshbbxkykwb 0 3207 76319 64990 2021-07-23T05:07:51Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Münster,_Westdeutsche_Lotterie_--_2013_--_5125.jpg|thumb|'''Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije''']] '''Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije''' (CIEL ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Center for International Environmental Law'') ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu urengera ubuzimarusange n ibidukikije binyujijwe mu bigo n amategeko mpuzamahanga. Uvuga ko ubucuruzibugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amategeko arengera abantu n ibidukikije. [[Dosiye:2019-07-31-Lough_Hyne-0828.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije birimo amazi ndetse n'ibyatsi biri ku butaka]] [[Dosiye:Vicugna_vicugna_Salar_de_Chalviri.jpg|thumb|Ibidukikije habonekamo n'inyamaswa zitandukanye]] == Imiyoboro == *http://www.ciel.org/ [[Category:Imiryango]] orhi5zipedikirrqj5rliotaw2twjks 0 3208 14945 14252 2010-12-30T02:45:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] mwi0fzkvlbp33qpv47hvxqjtotjmckf 0 3209 81438 76321 2022-01-31T10:50:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Northwest corner of 20th & Q Streets, N.W..JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abaturage Rusange</span>]] '''Abaturage Rusange''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Public Citizen'') ni umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera abaguzin ibidukikije ukaba ukorera muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Uyu muryango urwanyakwegurira ibikorwa abikorera ku giti cyabo na politiki y ubwisanzure bw’amasoko. Ibona koubwisanzure bw ubucuruzi no mu ishoramari bibangamira ibidukikije n’uburenganzirabw abakozi. [[Dosiye:English_part_-_Citizens’_Corner_debate_on_Europe’s_public_health_systems-_Facing_the_future_(33150812076).jpg|thumb|Ihuriro rusange ryiga ku mibereho myiza y'abaturage]] [[Category:Imiryango]] eyjrva57mvaexdvntqxl5tgz9yknmnc 0 3210 82063 76305 2022-02-17T19:53:57Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:A_Ghanaian_nurse.jpg|A_Ghanaian_nurse.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Edithobayaa1|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka''' (MSF ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Médecins Sans Frontières'') ni ikigo cyita ku buvuzibw abantu bari mu kaga. Gishyira imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubuzima bwe mbere y’ubundi burenganzira ubwo ari bwo bwose. [[Dosiye:Print_and_donate_to_Doctors_Without_Borders_(Unsplash).jpg|thumb|134x134px|Abavuzi batagira umupaka]] [[Category:Imiryango]] 1ibxqqqbghloeb5ixvo90msx1e66mmv 0 3211 14258 14257 2010-12-28T16:21:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] jxlk673e7x3ckg4x3ld1z7vl7g48raz 0 3213 80916 78428 2021-11-29T08:56:25Z Yeeno 10401 Undo revision 78428 by [[Special:Contributions/GATETE Pacifique|GATETE Pacifique]] ([[User talk:GATETE Pacifique|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CI_Full_Name_Logo_Strapline_RBG.jpg|thumb|CI LOgo]] '''Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga''' (CI mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; izina mu cyongereza: ''Consumers International'') ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu urengera uburenganzira bw abaguzi cyane cyane abakene. Urwanya kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ibigo bya Leta ugashyira imbere inyungu z’ubuzima rusange. [[Category:Imiryango]] dhdmb2j23cgapjm6fo4aw2n2wv9oa0d 0 3214 76306 67186 2021-07-22T21:30:57Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isi Imwe''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''One World Trust'') ni ihuriro rya za [[Sosiyeti sivili]] zirengera uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’amajyambere arambye. Iri huriro rigeza ku bantu amakuru anyuranye ajyanye n’uburenganzira bwabo ndetse n’imiryango ishinzwe kurwanya ubukene rikabikora rikoresheje urubuga rwa Internet. [[Dosiye:NYC_-_One_World_Trade_Center_-_Seven_World_Trade_Center_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|180x180px|Ikigo cy'ubucuruzi rikoresha internet]] [[Dosiye:One_World_Trade_Center_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|138x138px|Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere n'amajyambere arambye]] [[Category:Imiryango]] lotxnz67732eew6ub9h6d836k5hiila 0 3216 77651 14272 2021-08-14T17:51:57Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:International_Trade_Center1.jpg|thumb|Umugi w'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (International Trade Center1)]] '''SEATINI''' (''Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute''): Ni ihuriro ry Abanyafurika bishyize hamwe kugira ngo bazamure ubushobozi bwa Afurika bwo kuba yajya mu ruhando mpuzamahanga, ikaba yabona inyungu zivuye mu bucuruzi bukorwa no kumenya gucunga neza ingaruka zijyanye n’ikomatanyabukungu. N’ubwo SEATINI iharanira kurengera uburenganzi bwa muntu n’ubw’abakozi, irwanya amabwiriza ngenderwaho y umurimo w umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi kuko ibihugu bikize ari byo bibyungukiramo. [[Category:Imiryango]] n6hugqkytrtaa0qdu6hzxetdsfe3ztj 0 3217 79316 77184 2021-08-31T21:43:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Imclogo2.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Indymedia</font>]] [[Dosiye:U. S. Post Office Independent Media Center Urbana Illinois from southwest.jpg|thumb|U. S. Post Office Independent Media Center]] '''Indymedia''' (IMC ; ''Independent Media Center'') ni ihuriro ryabanyamakuru n’ibigo by’itangazamakuru. N’ubwo hari bamwe mu bagize iryo huriro bashyigikiye Ikomatanyabukungu ritagira umupaka, abandi bakaba barirwanya, iryo huriro rirengera ibidukikije riharanira ko habaho ubworoherane mu bucuruzi; rirwanya amategeko arengera ibihangano n’ikoreshwa nabi ry’abakozi no guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu. [[Dosiye:The Films (Modification of the Definitionof British Film) Order 2000 (UKSI 2000-756 qp).pdf|center|thumb|311x311px|gufata amashusho]] [[Category:Imiryango]] 2q6f867z2jcgk9gfzdwxk9z84i8s96l 0 3218 14275 2010-12-28T17:12:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Indymedia]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indymedia]] 7eqm9gximwigc4pmfqkxuhznxunumsc 0 3219 82083 82073 2022-02-19T03:48:53Z Jonathan5566 9932 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/5.150.22.254|5.150.22.254]] ([[User talk:5.150.22.254|talk]]): Rvv sponsor by TwinkleGlobal！ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye''' (ICTSD ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development'') ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta kandi udaharanira inyungu ariko urengera inyungu z’amajyambere y’ibihugu bikize. Wibaza niba amategeko arengera umutungo mu bihugu bikize hari icyo amarira ibyo bihugu. Ushyira imbere akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije, ukanemera ko ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi butabangamira ibidukikije ari naryo pfundo ry’iterambere. [[Dosiye:The_International_group_of_health_experts_led_by_the_Director,_Centre_on_Globalisation_and_Sustainable_Development_of_the_Earth_Institute_of_Columbia_University,_New_York.jpg|thumb|Inzobere mubijyanye n'ubucuruzi]] [[Dosiye:Mohd._Hamid_Ansari_releasing_a_Special_Cover_on_ICED,_at_the_inauguration_of_the_International_Centre_for_Environment_Audit_&_Sustainable_Development,_in_Jaipur,_Rajasthan._The_Governor_of_Rajasthan.jpg|thumb|'''Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi, ibidukikije n’Amajyambere Arambye''']] [[Category:Imiryango]] 8vhz1kpz7ndorivsr0wne9hzu1qscv5 0 3220 14281 2010-12-28T17:16:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] jr82uwv8n4njv5bj6wb8xeosruivmdw 0 3221 78293 64995 2021-08-24T00:59:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Noam Chomsky WSF - 2003.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''''World Social Forum''''' ni Forumu itegamiye kuri Leta ihuza za [[NGO]]s ikaba iharanira ubwisanzure bw abaturage n amahuriro yabo ashyiraho umurongo wa politiki ubabereye kandi ugamije iterambere rirambye kandi ryuzuzanya. Muri rusange iyi forum irwanya Ikomatanyabukungu , ubusumbane bukabije mu by ubukungu n izindi ngeso za mpatsibihugu, igashyira imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu no kurengera ibidukikije. Irwanya kwegurira ibikorwa abikorera ku giti cyabo, ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi n amategeko arengera umutungo, ivuga ko ubutegetsi bwava ku rwego rw isi bukajya ku rwego rw igihugu. [[Dosiye:FEMA - 5399 - Photograph by Andrea Booher taken on 09-28-2001 in New York.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|trade form]] [[Category:Imiryango]] l98oj7i1zxmutr18ik23qhwjzy4i3df 0 3223 76307 14298 2021-07-22T21:40:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Ikomatanyabukungu''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''The Center for Research on Globalisation'') ni ikigo cy’Abanyakanada gishinzwe itangazamakuru n’ubushakashatsi kirwanya cyane politiki ya [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. By’umwihariko kirwanya amategeko ya [[Banki y’Isi]] (World Bank) n’[[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (IMF) ashyigikira ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi no kwegurira ibikorwa abikorera ku giti cyabo bavuga ko yongera ubukene mu bihugu bikennye. Iki kigo kandi kirwanya ibikorwa birenze urugero bigaragara mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure buboneka mu bihugu bikize. [[Dosiye:The_interrelatedness_of_the_EU_market.png|thumb|211x211px|Ishusho yerekana ibyerekezo by'amaoko ya leta ya barabu]] [[Dosiye:IBS_Center_for_Quantum_Nanoscience_양자나노과학_연구단_Ewha_building.jpg|thumb|ikigo cy’Abanyakanada gishinzwe itangazamakuru n’ubushakashatsi kirwanya cyane politiki ya [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]]] [[Dosiye:Laboratoire_de_Physique_de_la_Matière_Condensée_laboratoire_PMC_-_46940329992.jpg|thumb|ikigo gishinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi bw'ibijyanye n'ubugenge]] == Imiyoboro == *http://www.globalresearch.ca/ [[Category:Imiryango]] g4df39vil85rbli4xgqb2g1ifu08llz 0 3224 79210 76470 2021-08-31T12:40:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:George Monbiot (from his website, cropped).jpg|thumb|George Monbiot.]] '''George Monbiot''' ([[27 Mutarama]] [[1963]]) ni umwanditsi, umunyamakuru, umwarimu muri kaminuza akaba yandika mu kinyamakuru kitwa [[The Guardian]] cyandikirwa mu [[Bwongereza]]. Uyu mugabo arwanya ''Capitalism'' agashyigikira ko Leta yajya ishyiraho amategeko agenga amasoko. Avuga ko ibihugu bikennye bigomba kubanza kuvugurura inganda zabyo zigakomera mbere y’uko bikurikiza amategeko agenga ubwisanzure bw’amasoko kuko bisenya ubukungu bw’ibyo bihugu. Ashyigikiye kurengera ibidukikije n’amategeko arengera abakozi. [[Dosiye:George_beach_crop4.jpg|thumb|George Monbiot]] [[Dosiye:Gran Guardia (Verona).jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] knxvigknii4trnbai3qtepvomo2bykj 0 3225 79130 70681 2021-08-31T08:32:27Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Naomi Klein at Berkeley, California, in 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Naomi Klein (2014),]] [[Dosiye:Naomi_Klein_portrait.jpg|thumb|Naomi Klein ]] '''Naomi Klein''' ([[8 Gicurasi]] [[1970]] - ), ni umwanditsi akaba n’umunyamakuru ukomoka muri [[Kanada]] uzwi cyane kuba yaranditse igitabo cyitwa ''No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies'' . Arwanya Ikomatanyabukungu n’amategeko agenga ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kuko umukene nta nyungu abibonamo. *[http://350.org/about/board/ ''Board of Directors''] [[350.org]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] f9pn2are8b5mzc97amzx0hbhr3apmbh 0 3226 79123 68927 2021-08-31T08:24:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Martin Khor (cropped).jpg|thumb|Martin Khor (2013)]] [[Dosiye:Mr._Martin_Khor,_Executive_Director,_South_Centre,_Geneva_(6139812039).jpg|thumb|Bwana Martin Khor, Umuyobozi mukuru, Centre yepfo, Geneve]] '''Martin Khor''' ([[1951]] - ): Umuyobozi w’[[Ihuriro ry Ibihugu Bikiri mu Nzira y’Amajyambere]] (''Third Word Network'') aharanira kuvugira ibihugu bikennye avuga ko amategeko agenga ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ari inzititizi ku bukungu bw’ibihugu bikennye. Akomeza avuga ko amategeko yose aza arengera ibihugu bikize kurusha ibihugu bikennye. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] etk29n19crx4djsmwlfpv7u96lrg7hh 0 3227 79493 79125 2021-10-10T01:11:34Z Kotkan lusija 10200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mary Robinson-Obama31.04secs.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mary Robinson</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mary_Robinson_(2014).jpg|thumb|Mary Robinson (2014)]] '''Mary Robinson''' ([[21 Gicurasi]] [[1944]]): Yahoze ari Perezida wa [[Irilande]] akaba yarabaye na Komiseri Mukuru ushinzwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu muryango w’Abibumbye. Kuri we ubucuruzi ni ngombwa ariko amategeko abugenga akwiye gushirwaho yitaye ku mibereho n’ubukungu bw abaturage. Ashyigikiye ko habaho uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye mu bucuruzi akaba atemera inkunga y’ibiribwa itangwa cyane cyane n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’[[Iburayi]] na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Ashimangira ko kugira uruhare ku masoko n’ubworoherane mu bucuruzi ari byo shingiro ry’amajyambere no kurwanya ubukene mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Arangiza avuga ko kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu ari ryo pfundo ry’amajyambere arambye. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagore]] l36qjqqd4ram37g1xjskm9129857t4x 0 3228 79137 68957 2021-08-31T08:42:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr. Vandana Shiva DS.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Vandana Shiva</font>]] [[Dosiye:Vandana_Shiva_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_(7302639762).jpg|thumb|Vandana Shiva ]] '''Vandana Shiva''' ([[5 Ugushingo]], [[1952]]): Ni umwarimu muri Kaminuza akaba n’umwanditsi ukomoka mu [[Buhindi]]. Avuga ko amategeko ajyanye n’ubucuruzi ari yo atuma ibihugu bimwe biryamira ibindi kandi ko ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi ari bwo bwatumye ibidukikije byangirika. Ashyigikiye iterambere rirambye hakorwa ubworoherane mu bucuruzi, hubahirizwa n’amategeko arengera abakozi n’ibidukikije. Akomeza avuga ko amabwiriza ya [[Banki y’Isi]] n’Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari akomeza kongera ubukene, ko n’ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi budindiza amajyambere cyane cyane mu bihugu bikennye. Ikindi ni uko uburenganzira bw’umugore bugomba kubahirizwa. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abahinde]] [[Category:Abagore]] je1m2rl2kaoke9blaf9d96mhw0sf4cs 0 3229 76458 65001 2021-07-26T18:09:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John Ralston Saul.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John Ralston Saul</font>]] '''John Ralston Saul''' ([[19 Kamena]] [[1947]]): Ni umwanditsi akaba n’[[Umufilozofe]], arwanya [[Ikomatanyabukungu]] kuko ngo irwanya [[demokarasi]]. Avuga ko ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi budahagije kugira ngo ibihugu bishobore guhangana mu bucuruzi. Ashyigikiye ko habaho ubwigenge mu bucuruzi kandi kuri we Leta ijye ishyiraho amategeko arengera umucuruzi n’umuguzi ishingiye ku byateza imbere igihugu. [[Dosiye:John_Ralston_Saul_(cropped).jpg|thumb|John Ralston Saul]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abafilozofe]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ntiy6xsnn3lbgpm5wh67oknxictm1k6 0 3230 79121 65002 2021-08-31T08:23:02Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Empfang Joseph E. Stiglitz im Rathaus Köln-1473.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Joseph Stiglitz</font>]] [[Dosiye:Joseph_E._Stiglitz_-_cropped.jpg|thumb|Joseph E. Stiglitz ]] '''Joseph Stiglitz''' ([[9 Gashyantare]] [[1943]]) yize iby’ubukungu, yigisha muri Kaminuza akaba n’umwanditsi. Niwe washinze kandi ayobora ''The Initiative and Policy Dialogue'' akaba yarabaye na Visi Perezida wa [[Banki y’Isi]]. Akangurira ibihugu bikennye gushyiraho amategeko arengera umucuruzi n’umuguzi akaba abona ko amategeko mashya agenga iby’ubucuruzi ku [[Isi]] nta nyungu ibihugu bikennye biyafitemo nta nubwo yatuma bitera imbere. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Ubukungu]] 7z2wlt01s4ppqs9xq66b52smk0rw0z1 0 3231 79116 76991 2021-08-31T08:16:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MEDFLAG 2010, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, September 2010 (5029396833).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|policy]] [[Dosiye:U.S._Africa_Command_C4ISR_Senior_Leaders_Conference,_Vicenza,_Italy,_February_2011_(5412895887).jpg|thumb|Policy]] '''International Policy Network''' (IPN) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu w’Abongereza, utegamiye kuri Leta ukaba ugamije kurwanya ubukene, kurwana ku buzima bw abaturage n’ibidukikije. Ushyigikiye byimazeyo ubwisanzure bw’amasoko ukanavuga ko imipaka y’ubucuruzi yose yavanwaho. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Imiryango]] 8yqxhe66pzqyfms0jy35gso31s466v8 0 3232 77476 14333 2021-08-11T02:42:42Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lahad-Datu_Sabah_Mewah-Datu-Sdn-Bhd-01.jpg|thumb|SDN n'ihuriro ry'abantu ku igiti cyabo bashyigikiye ubwisanzure bw'amasoko.]] [[Dosiye:Sandakan_Sabah_Sinora-Sdn-Bhd-05.jpg|thumb|Iri huriro rya SDN abarigize barangwa no gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye by'iterambere.]] '''SDN''' ni ihuriro ry’abantu ku giti cyabo batabogamiye kuri Leta nabo bashyigikiye ubwisanzure bw amasoko kuko ari yo nkingi y’amajyambere. Bavuga ko ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi butuma umutungo kamere uzanira amadovisi igihugu, ibidukikije bikitabwaho ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bikubakwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigatera imbere. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] 2udk3mb1nrytgy0ibxtn0gq5c4eh03i 0 3233 79056 79046 2021-08-30T21:21:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Competitive Enterprise Institute.jpg|thumb|278x278px|CEI ikigo cy’[[Abanyamerika]] kidaharanira inyungu gikorera i Washington]] '''Competitive Enterprise Institute''' (CEI): ni ikigo cy’[[Abanyamerika]] kidaharanira inyungu gikorera i Washington, gishinzwe politiki rusange iharanira guteza imbere ubwisanzure bw amasoko no kubuza Leta kugira uruhare mu gushyiraho amategeko agenga amasoko. Gishyigikiye ko habaho uburenganzira ku bihangano n’umutungo no kurengera ibidukikije ndetse kikanashishikariza abakozi n’abakoresha babo kumvikana Leta itivanze mu bikorwa byabo. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|thumb|273x273px|amerika]] [[Dosiye:Washington monument DC.jpg|thumb|270x270px|washington DC]] [[Category:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] 2b0c6antud38nkku8xvim662z8f3yxm 0 3234 81657 79111 2022-01-31T11:23:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Catologo.PNG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Cato Institute</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cato_Institute.svg|thumb|Cato Institute]] '''Cato Institute''' nawo ni umurynago w [[Abanyamerika]] ukorera i [[Washington]], ntuharanira inyungu kandi nawo ushyigikiye ubwisanzure bw’amasoko. Ku bwawo, hari ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe Leta yagiramo uruhare ibindi ikabiharira abikorera ku giti cyabo. Uvuga ko ubwisanzure bw amasoko, uburenganzira ku mutungo no kugendera ku mategeko ari ngombwa kugira ngo ubukungu butere imbere ndetse n’ibidukikije bibungabungwe, Leta ikitabazwa gusa aho bahuye n’inzitizi. Kuri wo kandi Ikomatanyabukungu ni igisubizo cy’ibibazo gitanga n’amahoro. [[Dosiye:Washington monument DC.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Washington]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] 3729a5w6v9htj3vao6yz34czb0a00l9 0 3235 82585 79115 2022-04-27T21:45:26Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Great_emblem_of_the_Siberian_Law_Institute_of_the_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Russia.svg|Great_emblem_of_the_Siberian_Law_Institute_of_the_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Russia.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:E wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:R63 Australian Penny Token, T. Butterworth & Co., 1 Forest Street, Castlemaine - obverse.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|ifaranga]] '''Institute of Public Affairs''' (IPA): Ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu wo mu gihugu cya [[Ositaraliya]] nawo ushyigikiye kwigenga kw’amasoko Leta ikitabazwa bibaye ngombwa. Uyu muryango uvuga ko kurengera ibidukikije bigomba gukorwa habanje gukorwa ubushakashatsi. Ku bw’uyu muryango hagomba kubaho ubwigenge mu bukungu, mu bya politiki ndetse na demokarasi. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] 0xwpoe4056v6hrk0qlorskvw7cp60u0 0 3236 14342 2010-12-28T19:43:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Institute of Public Affairs]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Institute of Public Affairs]] p0g5ixh4qtvmndiimc8duurx109ev74 0 3239 79133 76326 2021-08-31T08:35:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TDS_Undesked_LOGO.png|thumb|ikigo gishyigikiye kwishyira ukizana kw amasoko, ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga]] '''TDS Daily''' ni ikigo gishyigikiye kwishyira ukizana kw amasoko, ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga no kurengera ibidukikije. Ku bw’iki kigo Globalisation ituma haboneka akazi, umushahara ukazamuka, bityo abakozi bagatera imbere. [[Dosiye:TDS_Studio_Entrance.jpg|thumb|ikigo gishyigikiye kwishyira ukizana kw amasoko, ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] j0zlu9cjs7jcbmq9ir2f4pbbmilwx3v 0 3240 78192 76325 2021-08-23T14:05:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:David_Kennedy_-_World_Economic_Forum_Special_Meeting_on_Economic_Growth_and_Job_Creation_in_the_Arab_World.jpg|thumb|David Kennedy - Ihuriro ryihariye ry’ubukungu ku Isi ryerekeye iterambere ry’ubukungu no guhanga imirimo mu bihugu by’abarabu]] '''World Growth Institute''' nawo ni [[umuryango udaharanira inyungu]] ushyigikiye ukwishyira ukizana kw’amasoko, ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi, uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu no kurengera ibidukikije. [[Dosiye:ECommerce_Week_of_UNCTAD_(40623382995).jpg|thumb|Inzobere mubijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwo kuri murandasi (ECommerce Week of UNCTAD)]] [[Dosiye:Plenary_panel-_How_to_promote_inclusive_growth_in_Africa_(10070626424).jpg|thumb|Inama yigaga kubusugire bw'iterambere nyafurika]] [[Category:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] 7rsuscw34bwz3afnvey8f7mvnmy74p0 0 3241 79135 77481 2021-08-31T08:40:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:TheHeritageFoundation.png|thumb|The Heritage Foundation ni umuryango w’[[Abanyamerika]] ukorera i Washington, ushinzwe guteza imbere amategeko rusange agenga ukwishyira ukizana kw amasoko]] [[Dosiye:Rumsfeld_at_The_Heritage_Foundation_(5468266679).jpg|thumb|Rumsfeld at The Heritage Foundation (5468266679)]] [[Dosiye:Michelle_Giuda_speaking_at_the_Heritage_Foundation.jpg|thumb|Michelle Giuda avugira muri Heritage Foundation]] '''The Heritage Foundation ''' ni umuryango w’[[Abanyamerika]] ukorera i Washington, ushinzwe guteza imbere amategeko rusange agenga ukwishyira ukizana kw amasoko n’uko Leta itagomba kwivanga mu mikorere yayo. Ku bw’uyu muryango ukwishyira ukizana mu masoko ayo ariyo yose ni byo bizatuma ubukungu butera imbere. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho no kurengera ibidukikije nabyo ni ingenzi. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] kpn7hzaym1n5zptlzuegxrgah7n9aip 0 3242 79100 77015 2021-08-31T07:43:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Functional safety in a connected world - HIMA (46654559595).jpg|thumb|Alexander Horch muri A Connected World summit 2019 ]] [[Dosiye:Functional_safety_in_a_connected_world_-_HIMA_(46654563105).jpg|thumb|Alexander Horch Umutekano wimikorere mwisi ihujwe - HIMA]] '''A World connected''' ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu ushyigikiye amategeko agenga ukwishyira ukizana ku masoko. Uharanira ko inzitizi zose zibuza ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi zivaho cyane cyane mu bihugu bikennye. Wifuza ko n’abakene nabo babona akazi kabatunga bakora imirimo iciriritse. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] bzg5lvhmne1p03jjr2zzjxv1rtus2nv 0 3243 79119 65008 2021-08-31T08:20:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannorberg.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Johan Norberg</font>]] [[Dosiye:Johan_Norberg_20190815.jpg|thumb|Johan Norberg 2019]] '''Johan Norberg''' ([[27 Kanama]] [[1973]]) wo muri [[Suwede]] ashyigikiye [[Ikomatanyabukungu]] na ''Capitalism''. Ashyigikiye iyi politiki kuko ituma abaturage bishyira bakizana, bakabona akazi bakarushaho gutera imbere mu by’ubukungu. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9gxygpzesszbndbbsvs2koi0qfkvu81 0 3244 79124 77484 2021-08-31T08:25:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:President_Gerald_R._Ford_Meeting_with_Members_of_the_Commission_on_Central_Intelligence_Agency_(CIA)_Activities_within_the_U.S._in_the_Oval_Office_after_Receiving_Their_Report_-_NARA_-_12082693.jpg|thumb|'''Douglas A. Irwin''' ni umwarimu akaba n'umushakashatsi mu by'ubukungu.]] [[Dosiye:Wikipedya-kasaysayan.jpg|thumb|Uyu '''Douglas A. Irwin''' ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo muri Kaminuza ndetse akaba azwi nk'umuntu ukora ibyegeranyo bitandukanye n'ubushakashatsi m'ubukungu.]] '''Douglas A. Irwin''' (* 1962), ni Umwarimu muri Kaminuza, umwanditsi akaba n’umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu by’ubukungu. Ashyigikiye kwishyira ukizana ku masoko, gushaka abakozi mu bindi bihugu iyo igihugu runaka kibakeneye nk’uko Amerika ibigenza. Avugako ubwisanzure bw amasoko, uburenganzira ku mutungo, gutera imbere bigabanya guhungabana kw’ibidukikije. Avuga kandi ko ubucuruzi atari bwo bwangiza ibidukikije ko ahubwo politiki mbi y’ibidukikije ariyo ibyangiza. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 528lw6up8u38os4ebbyruyqhqe44hq8 0 3245 79117 77132 2021-08-31T08:19:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Long Island City New York May 2015 panorama 3.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|new york]] [[Dosiye:Jagdish_N._Bhagwati_Professor_Jagdish_pa_Columbia_University_talar_vid_invigningen_av_Nordiskt_globaliseringsforum_i_Riksgransen_2008-04-02.jpg|thumb|Jagdish N. Bhagwati Porofeseri Jagdish pa Columbia University talar vid invigningen av Nordiskt globaliseringsforum i Riksgransen]] '''Jagdish Bhagwati''' ([[26 Nyakanga]] [[1934]]), ni Umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Colombia, New York. Ubu ni Umujyanama w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku iterambere rya NEPAD muri Africa. Yabaye na none Umujyanama w’Umuyobozi w’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi n’Umujyanama muri ONU kubijyanye n’ikomatanyabukungu. Ashyigikiye byimazeyo ubwisanzure bw’ubucuruzi n’ikomatanyabukungu kuko birwanya ubukene. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] gfb8j5i3qzh3cjrfl9duts2rk09qep5 0 3246 79126 70863 2021-08-31T08:28:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MartinWolf2011ByDaphneBorowski.png|thumb|Martin Wolf]] [[Dosiye:Martin_Wolf_2009.jpg|thumb|Martin Wolf ]] '''Martin Wolf''' ([[1946]]), ni Umwarimu muri kaminuza, umwanditsi n’umuyobozi w’ikinyamakuru kitwa ''Financial Times'' . Yahoze ari umukozi ukomeye wa [[Banki y’Isi]]. Arwanya ukwivanga kwa Leta mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe kuko bidindiza abaturage. Yemera ko habaho kwigenga kw’amasoko Leta ikitabazwa ari uko bibaye ngombwa. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] fnct7d834row1m15glh3pk32ae1bx50 0 3247 77634 67178 2021-08-14T16:52:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Philippe_Legrain_02.jpg|thumb|203x203px|Philippe Legrain ]] [[Dosiye:Philippe_Legrain.jpg|thumb|215x215px|Philippe Legrain yamenyekanye cyane mumwuga w'itangazamakuru.]] '''Philippe Legrain''' yize iby [[ubukungu]], ni umunyamakuru akaba n’umwanditsi. Ku bwe Ikomatanyabukungu ni kimwe kizafasha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kuzamuka. [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] bkcppodraeo5mn9c9dpzso9d0ehuqxs 0 3248 79129 65012 2021-08-31T08:30:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mike Moore.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mike Moore</font>]] [[Dosiye:New_Zealand_Ambassador_Mike_Moore_Visits_Governor_2_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Mike Moore]] '''Mike Moore''' ([[28 Mutarama]] [[1949]]), yahoze ari [[Minisitiri w’Intebe]] wa [[Nuveli Zelande]] n’Umuyobozi mukuru w [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (WTO). Ashyigikiye ubwisanzure bw’amasoko kandi ukwishyira ukizana ku masoko bizamura ubukungu, bikanatanga n’akazi. Ubwisanzure bw’amasoko burengera ibidukikije kandi bugateza imbere ikoranabuhanga, bufasha kurengera ibihangano n’umutungo wa buri wese bugatuma n’abakene bashobora kwivuza. [[Category:Ikomatanyabukungu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 129ed9ydobaf2mxzcidp5jdp6157uz8 0 3249 78791 76925 2021-08-27T09:25:07Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:13-11-02-olb-by-RalfR-03.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|books]] '''Amagambo ahinnye''' cyangwa '''Amagambo y’impine''' [[Dosiye:Bibliothèque_humaniste_de_Sélestat_21_janvier_2014-97.jpg|thumb|Ibitabo]] == A == * '''ADEPR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero ya Pantekoti mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises de Pentecote au Rwanda'') * '''ADF''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''African Development Fund'' ) * '''AEBR''' [[Umuryango w’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Association des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda'') * '''AEC''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] * '''AEE''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Ivugabutumwa]] (''African Evangelistic Enterprise'') * '''AfDB''' [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] (''African Development Bank'' ) * '''A.L.A.R.M.''' [[Umuryango Nyafurika w’Imiyoborere myiza n’Ubwiyunge]](''African Leadership and Reconciliation Ministries'') * '''AMCOW''' [[Inama y’abaminisitiri b’ibihugu by’Afurika ku kibazo cy’amazi]] * '''ARADETWA''' (''Assosiation pour le relèvement dèmocratique des Twa'') * '''ATU''' [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (''Anti Terrorism Unit'') * '''AU''' [[Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika]] == B == * '''BADEA''' [[Banki y’Abarabu Itsura Amajyambere muri Afurika]] (''Bank for Economic Development in Africa'') * '''BHR''' [[Banki y’Imiturire y’u Rwanda]] * '''BK''' [[Banki ya Kigali]] * '''BNEP''' [[Ibiro by’Igihugu by’imyigishirize y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Bureau National de l’Enseignement Protestant'') * '''BPR''' [[Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda]] (''Banque Populaire du Rwanda'') * '''BRD''' [[Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere]] == C == * '''CAF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] (''Confédération Africaine de Football'') * '''CBGs''' Amatsinda akorera mu baturage * '''CBO''' Amashyirahamwe akorera mu baturage * '''CDC''' [[Komite y’Amajyambere Rusange]] * '''CDF''' [[Ikigega cya Leta gitsura Amajyambere Rusange]] * '''CDR''' (''Coalition pour la Défense de la République'') * '''CEPEX''' Ibiro by’igihugu bishinzwe ishoramari n’inkunga ituruka hanze y’igihugu * '''CEPGL''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari]] (''Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs'') * '''CESCA''' Ihuriro ry’Abayobozi bakuru bashinzwe imicungire ya za Gereza mu bihugu by’Iburasirazuba, Amajyepfo, na Afrika yo hagati; (''Conference of Eastern, Southern and Central African Heads of Correctional Service'') * '''CG''' Inzego nkuru za Leta * '''cg''' cyangwa * '''CHUK''' [[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]] * '''CI''' [[Abaguzi Mpuzamahanga]] (''Consumers International'') * '''CIEL''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Amategeko Mpuzamahanga Arengera Ibidukikije]] (''Center for International Environmental Law'') * '''CMAC''' [[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imıgabane]] * '''CNLG''' [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]] * '''COMESA''' [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]] cyangwa Umuryango w’ubuhahirane bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo, Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba no mu Majyepfo ya Afurika (''Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa'') * '''CPR''' [[Inama y’Abaporotesitanti mu Rwanda]] (''Conseil Protestant du Rwanda'') * '''CRC''' Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza uko umuturage yishimira serivisi ahabwa * '''CSC''' Uburyo abaturage bishyize hamwe bagaragaza uko bishimira serivisi bahabwa * '''CSO''' [[Sosiyete sivile]] * '''CSR''' [[Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi y'u Rwanda]] == D == * '''DIP''' Gahunda ishyira mu bikorwa politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi * '''DDP''' [[Gahunda y’iterambere ry’Akarere]] * '''DP''' Abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere == E == * '''EAC''' [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika]] (Umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba) (''East African Community'') * '''EALA''' [[Amategeko y’Akarere ka Afurika y’I Burasirazuba]] (''East African Legislative Assembly'') * '''EAR''' [[Itorero Angilikane mu Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Itorero ry’Ubwepibikopi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Anglicane au Rwanda'') * '''EASJ''' [[Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa karindwi mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Adventiste du Septieme Jour'') * '''ECCAS''' [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]] * '''EDPRS''' [[Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu mu Kurwanya no guhashya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba z’igihugu zigamije iterambere ry’ubukungu no kurwanya ubukene * '''EEAR''' [[Itorero ry’Ivugabutumwa ry’Inshuti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Evangelique des Amis au Rwanda'') * '''EICV''' Ibarura ku mibereho y’ingo * '''EMLR''' [[Itorero Metodisite Libre mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise Methodiste Libre au Rwanda'') * '''E.NA.RWA.''' [[Itorero ry’Umunazareti mu Rwanda]] (''Eglise du Nazareen au Rwanda'') * '''ENE''' [[Ubushakashatsi ku Murimo mu Gihugu]] * '''EPR''' [[Itorero Peresibiteriyene mu Rwanda]] (''Église presbytérienne au Rwanda'') * '''EX-FAR''' Abitwaga ingabo z’u Rwanda ‘’ ingabo zari iz’ubutegetsi bwakoze jenoside y’abatutsi’’ == F == * '''FAD''' [[Ikigega Nyafurika Gitsura Amajyambere]] ( ''Fonds Africain de Développement'' ) * '''FAO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Wita ku Buhinzi n’Ibiribwa]] cyangwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Biribwa n’Ubuhinzi]] * '''FOEI''' * '''FRW''' (''Franc Rwandais'') * '''FTPB''' [[Ishami ryigisha ivugabutumwa ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’ i Butare]] (''Faculté de Théologie Protestante de Butare'' ) == G == * '''GDP''' [[Umusaruro w’Imbere mu Gihugu]] (''Gross Domestic Product'') * '''GENDER''' Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n‘umugore * '''GoR''' Leta y’u Rwanda * '''GPHC''' [[Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire]] == H == * '''HIMO''' Imirimo y’ingufu iha abaturage benshi akazi (''Haute intensité de Main d’oeuvre'') * '''HR''' Abakozi == I == * '''ICT''' Ihererekanyamakuru n’Itumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gutanga amakuru * '''ICT''' [[Ikoranabuhanga mu Isakazamakuru n'Itangazabumenyi]] * '''ICTR''' [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda'') * '''ICTSD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development'') * '''IDA''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gitsura Amajyambere]] * '''IFG''' [[Forumu Mpuzamahanga ku Ikomatanyabukungu]] (''International Forum on Globalisation'') * '''IISD''' [[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Giharanira Amajyambere Arambye]] (''International Institute for Sustainable Development'') * '''ILO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Umurimo]] (''International Labour Organisation'') * '''IMF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] (International Monetary Fund) * '''IMNR''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kurinda no Guhesha Agaciro Umurage w’u Rwanda]] * '''IRDP''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije Amahoro]] (''Institut de Recherche et de Dialogue pour la Paix'') * '''IRST''' [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] cyangwa [[Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga]] (''Institut de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique'') * '''ISAE''' Ishuri rikuru ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi ry'i Busogo. * '''ISAR''' [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] (''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda'') * '''IUCN''' Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi (''International Union for Conservation of Nature'') == J == * '''JADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango igamije iterambere * '''JPCR''' [[Umuryango w’Ivugabutumwa mu Urubyiruko mu Rwanda]] (''Jeunesse Pour Christ au Rwanda'') == K == *'''KIST''' [[Ishuri Rikuru rya Kigali ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Icungamari]] == L == * '''LCR''' [[Itorero ry’Abaluteriyani mu Rwanda]] (''Lutheran Church of Rwanda'') * '''LG''' Inzego z’Ibanze * '''LLBR''' [[Umuryango w’Abasoma Bibiliya mu Rwanda]] (''Ligue pour la Lecture de la Bible'') == M == * '''M&E''' Gusuzuma no Gukurikirana ibikorwa * '''MDGs''' Intego z’iterambere z’ikinyagihumbi * '''MDR(PARMEHUTU)''' (''Mouvement Democratique Republicain (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu)'') * '''MHC''' [[Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda]] (''Media High Council'') * '''MIFOTRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo]] * '''MIGEPROF''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburinganire n’Iterambere ry’Umuryango]] * '''MINADEF''' [[Minisiteri y’Ingabo]] * '''MINAFFET''' * '''MINAGRI''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi]] * '''MINALOC''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi by’Igihugu]] * '''MINECOFIN''' [[Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi]] * '''MINEDUC''' [[Minisiteri y’Uburezi]] * '''MINICAAF''' * '''MINICOM''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda]] * '''MINIJUST''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubutabera]] * '''MININFOR''' * '''MININFRA''' [[Minisiteri y’Ibikorwa Remezo]] * '''MININTER''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutekano mu Gihugu]] * '''MINIPRESIREP''' * '''MINIRENA''' [[Minisiteri y’Umutungo Kamere]] * '''MINISANTE''' [[Minisiteri y’Ubuzima]] * '''MINISPOC''' [[Minisiteri y’ Umuco na Siporo]] * '''MINISTR''' * '''MINIYOUF''' * '''MINIYOUTH''' [[Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko]] * '''MINUAR''' (''Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au Rwanda'') * '''MIS''' [[Uburyo bwo gukoresha amakuru]] * '''MRND''' [[Muvoma Revorisiyoneri Nasiyonari Iharanira Amajyambere]] (''Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement'') * '''MSF''' [[Abavuzi Batagira Umupaka]] (''Médecins Sans Frontières'') == N == * '''NACC''' [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA]] (''National AIDS Control Commission'') * '''NEPAD''' [[Ubufatanye Bushya mu Iterambere rya Afurika]] cyangwa Ubufatanye bugamije iterambere ry’Afurika (''New Parternship for Africa Development'') * '''NBI''' [[Umushinga w’Ikibaya cy’Uruzi rwa Nili]] * '''NDIS''' Ubunyamabanga bw’igihugu bushinzwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politike yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi * '''NDP''' Politiki y’igihugu yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi * '''NEC''' Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora * '''NFF''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] (''Nigeria Football Federation'') * '''NGO''' Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta * '''NISR''' Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare * '''NPS''' National Prisons Service (Urwego rw’’Igihugu rushinzwe za Gereza) * '''NSS''' [[Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano]] == O == * '''OAFLA''' [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] (Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS) * '''ODM''' [[Imigambi y’Iterambere ry’Ikinyagihumbi]] (''Objectifs de Dévéloppement du Millennaire'') * '''OMS''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima * '''ONG''' [[Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] (''Organnisation Non Gouvernementale'') * '''ONU''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] * '''OPS''' [[Umuryango Nyamerika w’Ubuzima]] * '''ORINFOR''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Itangazamakuru]] * '''ORN''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge]] * '''ORTPN ''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubukererugendo na Pariki Nasiyonali]] cyangwa Ofisi y'Igihugu y'Ubukerarugendo na Pariki == P == * '''PACFA''' [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] (''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ) * '''PL''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] (''Parti libéral'') * '''PNILT''' [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] (''National Malaria Control Programme'' ) * '''PPC''' [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] (''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde / Party for Progress and Concord'') * '''PRSP''' [[Gahunda yo Kugabanya Ubukene]] cyangwa Ingamba za Politiki y`Igihugu yo kugabanya ubukene, Inyandiko ikubiyemo ingamba z’igihugu zo kurwanya ubukene (''Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan'') * '''PSP''' [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] (''Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès / Party for Solidarity and Progress'') * '''PSR''' [[Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda]] (''Parti socialiste rwandais'') == R == * '''RADA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi]] * '''RALGA''' [[Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’Uturere n’Umujyi wa Kigali]] (''Rwandese Association of Local Government Authorities'') * '''RARDA''' [[Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubworozi]] * '''RDB''' [[Ofisi y’Igihugu y’Ubukerarugendo]] (''Rwanda Development Board'') * '''RDF''' [[Ingabo z’Igihugu]] (''Rwanda Defence Force'') * '''RDSF''' Ingamba zigamije kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi mu * '''REMA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije]] cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (''Rwanda Environment Management Authority'') * '''[[RIEPA]]''' * '''RNP''' Rwanda National Police (Polisi y’Igihugu) * '''RPA''' Rwanda Patriotic Army (Ingabo zari iza RPF-Inkotanyi) * '''RPF ''' Rwandese Patriotic Front * '''RPPA''' [[Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Gutunganya Amasoko ya Leta]] (cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta) * '''RRA''' [[Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro]] * '''R.R.A''' Rwanda Revenue Authority (Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n’amahoro) == S == * '''SADC''' [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo]] * '''SAP''' [[Gahunda yo Kuvugurura Inzego]] * '''SJADF''' Ihuriro ry’imiryango ku Mirenge igamije iterambere * '''SME/SMI''' [[Ibigo n’Inganda Nto n’Iziciriritse]] cyangwa [[Amasosiyete Mato n’Aciriritse]] * '''SNI''' [[Ingamba y’Igihugu y’Ishoramali]] (''Statégie Nationale d’Investissement'') == T == * '''TPIR''' [[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Ruhana Ibyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] cyangwa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]] (''Tribunal Pénal International pour le Rwanda'') * '''TRAC''' [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] (''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ) == U == * '''UEBR''' [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Amatorero y’Ababatisita mu Rwanda]] (''Union des Eglises Baptistes au Rwanda'') * '''UN''' cyangwa '''UNO''' [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (''United Nations'' cyangwe ''United Nations Organization'' ) * '''UNDP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Majyambere]] * '''UNEP''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije]] * '''UNESCO''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco]] * '''UNHCR''' Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe impunzi * '''UNICEF''' [[Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi n’Abana]] ''cyangwa'' Umuryango w’Abibumye ryita ku bana , Ishami ry’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe abana == V == * '''VAT''' Umusoro ku Nyongeragaciro * '''VUP''' Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020-Umurenge == W == * '''WCO''' [[Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe za Gasutamo]] (''World Customs Organization'') * '''WHO''' Umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima * '''WTO''' [[Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ubucuruzi]] (''World Trade Organization'') * '''WWF''' [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere]] (''World Wide Fund for Nature'') [[Category:Indimi]] 5sd9ivg7p2utpjkxoepp8nst6kxmfra 0 3250 14377 2010-12-28T20:49:03Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Inkoranyamagambo y'Igiholandi n'Ikinyarwanda yakozwe na Emmanuel Habumuremyi]] to [[Inkoranyamagambo y’Igiholandi n’Ikinyarwanda yakozwe na Emmanuel Habumuremyi]]: apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkoranyamagambo y’Igiholandi n’Ikinyarwanda yakozwe na Emmanuel Habumuremyi]] i7uw5uo78kwt7s4q40ef3bhsahdrbxi 0 3252 14392 2010-12-28T21:22:37Z Hugo.arg 541 Redirected page to [[Amahoro Masa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Amahoro Masa]] bgap7e49a35f8jn0i4fjbqrnaifyzxa 0 3253 81645 77295 2022-01-31T11:21:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Çay-1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Icyayi (Turukiya)</span>]] [[File:Çay-3.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Icyayi (Turukiya)</span>]] [[File:Malaysia-tea plantation.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Icyayi (Malesiya)</span>]] [[File:Camellia sinensis MHNT.BOT.2016.12.24.jpg|thumb|250px|''Camellia sinensis'']] [[Dosiye:Tea plantation Darjeeling.JPG|thumb|ICYAYI CY`U RWANDA]] '''Icyayi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Camellia sinensis'') ni [[ikimera]]. Icyayi gitera umubiri imbaraga kandi hari byinshi cyungura ubuzima nko gutuza no kuruhuka.mu gihe wumva icyayi kitaryohereye, ushobora gushyiramo ubuki aho kugirango ushyiremo isukari nyinshi. == Icyayi na Rwanda == === Imigambi mishya ku Cyayi cy’u Rwanda === Mu Rwanda, icyayi cyabaye igihingwa ngenga bukungu mbere ya [[1960]]. Icyayi bagemura mu mahanga gitangira guhingwa muri [[1965]]. kuva icyo gihe icyayi nacyo cyiri mu bihingwa ngenga bukungu byinjiza amadevise menshi mu gihugu nyuma y’ikawa. Aho igiciro k’ikawa ku masoko mpuzamahanga kigwiriye mu myaka ishize, icyayi ni cyo kiri ku mwanya wa mbere mu kwinjiza amadevise kugera hejuru 34% y’ibigurishwa mu mahanga byose. === Inganda z’icyayi mu Rwanda === Icyayi cyatangiye guhingwa mu Rwanda muri 1952. Kuva icyo gihe, umusaruro wacyo ugenda wiyongera bihagije, kuva kuri toni 60 muri 1958, kugera kuri 1,900 muri 1990, kuri toni 14,500 mu 2000, ugahebuza rwose kugera kuri toni 17,800 muri 2001. Hejuru ya 90% z’umusaro wacyo ugurishwa mu mahanga, ariko kigize agace gato cyane mu isoko mpuzamahanga gahwanye na toni miliyoni 1.4 gusa. Icyayi gihingwa mu mabanga y’imisozi miremire ku butumburuke buri hagati ya m 1,900 na m 2,500, no mu bibaya byumukije neza ku butumburuke hagati ya m 1,550 na m 1,800. Icyayi gihingwa mu turere 11. Ku buso bwa ha 12,500 mu majyaruguru, iburengerazuba no mu ntara y’amajyepfo. Icyayi kigomba guhingwa hafi y’inganda zigitunganya kuko kigomba kujya gutunganyirizwa mu ruganda nyuma y’amasaha make kimaze gusoromwa. == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.isar.rw/spip.php?article147 ISAR Porogaramu y’Icyayi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200806092549/https://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=117&Itemid=18&lang=rw www.minagri.gov.rw] * [http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=58&cat=4&storyid=1834 www.orinfor.gov.rw] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] 84v3w1ceh5kp2hb3k2sppl34azvx3fi 0 3254 14414 2010-12-28T22:39:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyayi]] j4qaz8hd3suwu373v6k2gp2zillbhd7 0 3261 81496 78525 2022-01-31T10:58:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RutsiroDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rutsiro</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|500x500px|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Rutsiro''', ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize [[Intara y’Iburengerazuba]] bw’u Rwanda; kari ku birometero mirongo itatu na bine (34 km) uvuye ku biro by’Intara, n’ibirometero ijana na mirongo itanu (150 km) uvuye mu murwa mukuru w’Igihugu Kigali. [[Dosiye:A_Kivu_belt_Road_in_Rutsiro_District,_Western_Province_of_Rwanda._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Rutsiro]] Akarere ka Rutsiro gaherereye mu Majyaruguru y’Intara y’Iburengerazuba, Iburasirazuba bwako hari Akarere ka Ngororero na Karongi, Iburengerazuba hari Igihugu cya [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], mu Majyaruguru hari [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] na Rubavu naho mu Majyepfo hakaba [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Akarere ka Rutsiro gatuwe n’abaturage ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itandatu na bine na magana atatu na mirongo itandatu (264360) ku buso bwa 1157,3 km²; ni ukuvuga ubucucike bw’abaturage 228 kuri km² imwe. Muri bo urubyiruko rwonyine ruri munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu rukaba rubarirwa muri 70% by’abatuye ako Karere. Kugira ngo buri muturage abone aho gutura, Akarere kafashe icyemezo cyo kubahiriza uburyo bushya bw’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka hashingiwe kuri politiki yo gutura mu midugudu, Iyi politiki ishingiye ku kibazo cy’ubutaka buto, koroshya uburyo bwo kugeza ku baturage ibya ngombwa mu buzima nk’amazi, amavuriro, amashuri, uburyo bw’itumanaho, kwirindira umutekano ubwabo n’ibindi. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[http://rutsiro.gov.rw/index.php?lang=rw rutsiro.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Rutsiro| ]] q8siduxl895bk0z9w9cgcqhsbdstdlg 0 3263 81482 78496 2022-01-31T10:56:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HuyeDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Huye </span>]] [[Dosiye:RW Huye (Butare).jpg|thumb|huye]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Huye''' ni kamwe mu Turere umunani tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Akarere ka Huye gahana imbibi n' Akarere ka Nyanza (Amajyaruguru) Akarere ka Nyaruguru (Amajyepfo), Akarere ka Nyamagabe (Iburengerazuba) n' Akarere ka Gisagara (i Burasirazuba). Akarere ka Huye kazwi na none kuba gafite inzu ndangamuco y'u Rwanda. Ni mu karere ka Huye kandi dusanga amahoteri menshi mu gace kahoze kitwa Butare. Umujyi w'Akarere ka Huye ni umwe mu mijyi yunganira [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]. Ubukungu bw' akarere ka Huye bushingiye ku buhinzi n'ubworozi, Ubukerarugendo, Ubucuruzi n'Inganda. Mu buhinzi, mu karere ka Huye hera ibihingwa Ngandurarugo (Ibishyimbo, Ibigori, Urutoki, Umuceri n'ibindi); mu bihingwa Ngengabukungu mu karere ka Huye hera igihingwa cya Kawa ni na ho dusanga Ikawa ya '''Maraba''' yamamaye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga. Mu Akarere ka Huye uhasanga ibikorwa by' ubukerarugendo nk' Ingoro ndangamurage ( '''Musee'''), '''Ibisi''' bya Huye, Ishyamba ry’'''Arboretum''', Amahoteri n’ibindi. Akarere ka Huye ni ho hari igicumbi cy'Uburezi  kuko mu karere ka Huye  tuhasanga kaminuza n'amashuri makuru 5 [ [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] Ishami rya Huye, [http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/ IPRC South], Catholic University of Rwanda -CUR, [http://piass.ac.rw/ Protestant Institute of Art and Social Sciences - PIASS] na Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda]. Mu karere ka Huye hari amashuri yisumbuye 50 n' amashuri abanza 100. Mu karere ka Huye tuhasanga ibitaro bya Kaminuza CHUB, Ibitaro by'Akarere ka Huye bya Kabutare, amavuriro yigenga 3, Farumasi 17 n'Ibigo nderabuzima 16. I'''zina ry' Ubutore : Indatirwabahizi''' == Imiterere y’Akarere ka Huye == :Ubuso bw’Akarere: 581.5 km² :Umubare w’imirenge: 14 :Umubare w’utugari: 77 :Umubare w’imidugudu: 508 :Umubare w’abaturage: 288 203 :Ubucucike: 495.6 : umubare w' Wamazu igafumba: 882[[File:Huye_mainstreet_Rwanda_taken_June_2009.jpg|thumb|Huye ubwikorezi]] :Ruvugizo :Mubuga :Kabuga :Kigari :Kigarama == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.huye.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.huye.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Huye| ]] 0by1ifj7oe3budjntuy2iinucxuiyuq 0 3264 81492 78518 2022-01-31T10:58:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyanzaDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyanza </span>]] [[File:Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace.jpg|thumb|Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Nyanza''' ni kamwe mu turere umunani tugize [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]. Icyicaro cy’ubuyobozi bw’Akarere kiri mu Murenge wa Busasamana , ari naho hari icyicaro cy’Intara y’Amajyepfo. Akarere ka Nyanza gafite ubuso bwa km² 671,2 kakaba gatuwe n’abaturage 225.209, [[Dosiye:Nyanza_Genocide_Memorial_Site_-_Sign_with_Incongruous_Advertising_Image_-_Kicukiro_District_-_Kigali_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyanza ]] batuye mu Mirenge 10 igizwe n’Utugari 51 n’imidugudu 420. Akarere ka Nyanza gahana imbibi n’Uturere twa Ruhango, Huye, Nyamagabe na Gisagara two mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ; Akarere ka Bugesera ko mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba kakanakora kuri Repuburika y’uburundi. Akarere ka Nyanza kagizwe n’imisozi iciye bugufi iburasirazuba no hagati, n’imisozi ifite ubutumburuke buri hagati ya 1.300m na 1.800m mu burengerazuba. Gafite kandi ibibaya bigari bikikije inzuzi za Mwogo iburengerazuba, n’Akanyaru iburasirazuba. Mu Karere ka Nyanza hera ibihingwa binyuranye, iby’ingenzi bikaba ari Ibigori, Umuceri, Ibishyimbo, Imyumbati na Kawa. Imiterere y’imisozi yako ituma kagira urunyurane rw’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje (''climat'') bituma ubworozi muri rusange, ubw’inka by’umwihariko bugenda neza. Mu Karere ka Nyanza kandi habonekamo amabuye y’agaciro nka koluta na Gasegereti mu Murenge wa Nyagisozi. Igice kinini cy’Akarere ka Nyanza ni icyaro; ariko gafite Umujyi wa Nyanza, umwe mu Mijyi yambere yubatswe mu Gihugu ariko utarigeze utera imbere ku buryo bugaragara kuva mu myaka y’1960. Uwo Mujyi n’ubwo utateye imbere mu myubakire n’ubucuruzi, uganjemo amashuri menshi yisumbuye ya Leta ndetse n’ay’ababyeyi. Akarere ka Nyanza gafite umwihariko wo gusurwa cyane na ba Mucyerarugendo kubera ubwiza Nyaburanga buharangwa cyane ko aka Karere ari igicumbi cy'umuco n'amateka by'u Rwanda. Kabaye umurwa mukuru w'ubwami bw'u Rwanda guhera mu 1899. Hari ingoro y'Abami mu Rukari, ingoro y'amateka yo kwigira kw'abanyarwanda ndetse n'inzira gakondo z'ubukerarugendo (cultural trails) zirimo iy'ubwami, iyitwa big view ndetse n'iya Gatagara. Mu hantu h'amateka hazwi harimo Amariba ya Mutende, i Mututu ku biraro by'Umwami Rudahigwa, icyuzi cya Nyamagana, Ku bigega, mu gakenyeri kwa Musinga n'ahandi. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.nyanza.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.nyanza.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Nyanza| ]] 2mhul8ax8gea0ql3k16yixf329aofq3 0 3269 81478 78491 2022-01-31T10:56:12Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GatsiboDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gatsibo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Gatsibo''' ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'Intara. Akarere ka Gatsibo gafite ubuso bungana na kilometero 1585,3. Gafite Imirenge 14, Utugari 69, n'imidugudu 603. Abaturage batuye Akarere bagera ku 283,456. Akarere gahana imbibi n'Uturere dukurikira: Mu majyaruguru Akarere ka Gatsibo gahana imbibi n'[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], iburasirazuba hari [[Repubulika ya Tanzaniya]], mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], iburengerazuba hari [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. [[Dosiye:Rwanda Mountain at Gatsibo.jpg|center|thumb|720x720px|GASTIBO]] [[File:GatsiboMap.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gatsibo</span>]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305184436/http://www.gatsibo.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=81&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.gatsibo.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Gatsibo| ]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] jxbv8bghtihcvvd7ootnpaerfo0lu2m 0 3272 78498 77073 2021-08-25T01:23:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Karongi_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage batuye akarere Karongi mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Karongi''' ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize [[Intara y’Iburengerazuba]]. Kagizwe n’imirenge 13, (Rubengera, Bwishyura, Mubuga, Gishyita, Twumba, Rwankuba, Gitesi, Rugabano, Gashari, Murambi, Murundi, Ruganda, Mutuntu) utugari 88 n’imidugudu 538. Ni Akarere k’imisozi miremire gatuwe n’abaturage barenga gato 270 000. Igice kinini cy’Akarere ka Karongi kiri ku nkombe z’Ikiyaga cya Kivu ibyo bikaba bituma kaba [[Akarere Nyaburanga]]. Akarere ka Karongi kagizwe n’igice kinini cy’icyahoze ari Intara ya Kibuye mu Turere twayo twa Rusenyi, Itabire, Budaha, Gisunzu na Rutsiro. Ubu icyicaro cyako kiri mu Murenge wa Rubengera mu Kagari ka Gacaca. [[Dosiye:Karongi_District_Rwanda-Kivu_view.jpg|thumb|Karongi ]] == Imiyoboro == [[File:Karongirice2.jpg|thumb|Karongirice2]] *[http://www.karongi.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.karongi.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Karongi| ]] 06zdcvm7d9sc8t5f22dpejjxm00dzks 0 3275 81488 78508 2022-01-31T10:57:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MuhangaDist.png|thumb|215x215px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Muhanga</span>]] [[File:Photo7 students got out of their car Muhanga village Rwanda.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Akarere ka Muhanga (2019)</span>|alt=]] [[File:Photo1_Omega_Express_in_South_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ingendo z'imodoka zerekeza i Muhanga(2020)]] [[File:Hand washing area at church.jpg|thumb|Kiriziya]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] == Muhanga ==[[File:Muhanga Business City Monument.jpg|thumb|Muhanga Business City Monument]] '''Akarere ka Muhanga " Muhanga District"''' ni kamwe mu turere tugize Intara y'Amajyepfo. Gahana imbibi n'uturere; Gakenke mu majyaruguru, Ruhango mu majyepfo, Ngororero mu burengerazuba na Kamonyi mu burasirazuba. Muhanga ifite abaturage bagera ku bihumbi magana atatu na birindwi magana atanu n'umwe (307,501), ingo ibihumbi mirongo itandatu na bine na mirongo itandatu n'eshatu(64063), kuri buri km2 hatuye 475, gafite ubuso bwa km2 647.7, igizwe n'Imirenge 12 , Utugari 63 n' Imidugudu 331. == Imirenge == Akarere ka Muhaga kagizwe n'imirenge 12 ariyo:CYEZA ,KABACUZI,KIBANGU,KIYUMBA, MUHANGA,MUSHISHIRO,NYABINONI,NYAMABUYE,NYARUSANGE,RONGI ,RUGENDABALI,SHYOGWE,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |accessdate=2021-01-26 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124023051/https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ubuhinzi mu Karere ka Muhanga == Akarere ka Muhanga kazwi cyane ku buhinzi bw'[[ikawa]], [[imyumbati]], [[imboga]] n'[[ibinyampeke]] ([[amasaka]], [[ibigori]],...) === Uturere duhana imbibi n'Akarere ka Muhanga === :Iburasirazuba n’ [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] :Amajyaruguru n’[[Akarere ka Gakenke]] :Amajyepfo n’ [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] :Iburengerazuba n’ [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.muhanga.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.muhanga.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Muhanga| ]] towr3bhqkt0es9upne1akp3zt7tsniv 0 3276 81490 78511 2022-01-31T10:58:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NgomaDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngoma</span>]] [[File:Ngoma_district_map.jpg|thumb|ikarita ya Ngoma ]] [[File:Rwandan_boy_on_bicycle_(Rwinkwavu,_Feb._2020).jpg|thumb|Rwandan boy on bicycle (Rwinkwavu, Feb. 2020)]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Ngoma''' gaherereye mu ntara y’iburasirazuba. umurwa wako ni [[Kibungo]] gahuje imipaka n’[[akarere ka Rwamagana]] mu burengerazuba bwa ruguru, na kayonza mu burasirazuba bwa ruguru, [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] mu burengerazuba, [[Akarere ka Kirehe|Kirehe]] mu burasirazuba hamwe na repubulika y’u [[Burundi]] mu majyepfo. Aka karere kagizwe n’imirenge cumi n'ine (14) ariyo: * [[Gishanda]] * [[Jarama]] * [[Karembo]] * [[Kazo]] * [[Kibungo]] * [[Mugesera]] * [[Murama]] * [[Mutenderi]] * [[Remera]] * [[Rukira]] * [[Rukumberi]] * [[Rurenge]] * [[Sake]] * [[Zaza]] Ikirere cy’Akarere ka Ngoma kigira ubushyuhe bwa degere 20°C, ubwinshi bw’imvura ni hagati ya metero 1100. Ubuhehere buraringaniye. Ubutaka bukozwe n’umucanga, no munsi y’ubutaka hakozwe n’ishwagara nyinshi Akarere ka Ngoma gafite amahoteri meza ashobora kwakira abantu batandukanye, harimo n’abacishirije, uwo ariwe wese ashobora kuba yabona igitanda n’ifunguro rya mu gitondo mu macumbi mato ari mu mugi wa [[kibungo]]. Ubu hari amahoteli 2 akomeye muri aka karere ayo ni Centre St Joseph na Hoteli Dereva [[File:Cartien_commercial_de_kibungo_(17924305786).jpg|thumb|agace k'ubucuruzi i Kibungo]] == Ibimera == [[Ibimera]] bisanzwe by’akarere ka Ngoma byiganjemo ubwatsi bugufi. Nicyo kimera kiganje muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. == Inyamaswa == [[Inyamaswa]] zo mu Karere ka Ngoma kagizwe n’inyoni z’ubwoko butandukanye, [[ibikururanda]], n’ubundi bwoko bw’[[inzoka]] butandukanye. Igice kinini cy’izo nyamaswa kiri agace kadatuwe ko muri ako karere. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.ngoma.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.ngoma.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Ngoma| ]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] c9b5840m7n3nlcuu652pjew6ayrrn1z 0 3277 81491 78515 2022-01-31T10:58:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyagatareDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyagatare</span>]] [[File:Nyagatare_district_map.jpg|thumb|Nyagatare district map]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Nyagatare''' ni kamwe mu Turere 7 tugize [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]]. Igabanwemwo Imirenge 14, Utugari 106 n’Imidugudu 603. Akarere kari k’ubuso bwa 1.741 [[kilometero kare]], Akarere ka Nyagatare gahana imbibe n’igihugu cya [[Uganda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzaniya]] iri iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo hari [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], m’uburengerazuba hakaba [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. == Imiterere y’ubutaka == Akarere ka Nyagatare kagizwe muri rusange n’imisozi migufi, usanga ahanini ifite ubutaka budatoshye kubera igihe kirekire cy’izuba rihera muri Kamena kugera kugera mu KUboza. Akarere ka Nyagatare gaherere mu bibaya bifite ubutumburuke bugera kuri metero 1513,5. Iyo miterere y’ubutaka ikaba ijyanye cyane n'ihingwa rya kijyambere, bikorohera nabahingisha amashini cyangwa ibimasa. == Imiterere y’ikirere == Akarere ka Nyagatare kagira imvura nkeya, kakagira n’ubushyuhe. Kagizwe n’ibihe bibiri: igihe cyambere n’igihe kirerekire cy’izuba gifata amezi 3 kugera kuri 5, icyo gihe gifite ibipimo by’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 25,3°C na 27,7°C. Iboneka ry’imvura rirahindagurika buri mwaka, ibipimo by’imvura biri hasi cyane nukuvuga ko bingana na (827mm/ku mwaka), ibi ibipimo ntabwo bihagije cyanek’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. == Imitere y’inzuzi n'imigezi == Akarere ka Nyagatare gafite imiyobora mike y’amazi. Usibye umugezi wa [[Muvumba]] unyura mu Karere ka Nyagatare, imigezi y’[[Akagera]] n’[[umuyanja]] byo bigize imbibi n’ibihugu nka [[Tanzaniya]] n’[[Ubugande]]. Ibyo bikaba bituma ntawundi mugezi abaturage bashobora kwifashisha mu buhinzi n’ubworozi. Hari n’utundi tugezi duto nka: [[Nyiragahaya,]] [[Kayihenda,]] [[Karuruma]],[[Nyagasharara]] na [[Kaborogota]]. Kubera ibura ry’imigezi n’inzuzi,n’imiyoboro y’amazi bitera ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi kubaturage n’amatungo. == [[Ibimera]] n’[[inyamaswa]] == Akarere ka Nyagatare kagizwe n’igice kinini cya [[parike y’Akagera|pariki y’Akagera]], isangamo umubare w’inyamaswa nk’[[imbogo]], [[impala]] n’izindi. Tuhasanga kandi n’ubwoko bw’inyoni zitandukanye. Akarere gafite kandi n’utundi tunyamaswa, nk’inkende, ingurube z’ishyamba, n’izindi. Mu mugezi wa Muvumba, ho habamo imvubu. [[File:Pepeople_grazing_cows_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ubworozi bw'amatungo muri Nyagatare]] [[File:Gathered_together_7.jpg|thumb|ibitera muri Nyagatare]] [[File:Imvubu_mumazi_muri_Parike_Akagera,_0785474017.jpg|thumb|Imvubu mu mazi muri Parike Akagera, ]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} *[http://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.nyagatare.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Nyagatare| ]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] isme61t0wooyu9xmsticcf1icaey0gz 14 3279 65023 64206 2013-03-07T22:32:11Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6229958]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi bw’Ibinyabuzima]] [[Category:Kamere]] 4mceni30tk81yakmu3xudtumyccnox3 0 3283 81495 78523 2022-01-31T10:58:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RuhangoDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ruhango</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Ruhango''' ni kamwe mu turere tugize [[Intara y'amajyepfo]] :Akarere gafite Ubuso: km2 636,8 :Abaturage:282 812 [[Dosiye:Clothes_for_sale,Ruhango.jpg|thumb|Igurishwa ryimyenda muri Ruhango]] :Ubucucike : 450,1hab/km2 :Imirenge :9 :Utugari :59 :Imidugudu :533 == Aho gaherereye == :Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] :Mu burasirazuba: [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] na [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] :Mu majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] :Mu burengerazuba: [[Akarere ka Karongi]] na [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] == Imiyoboro ==[[File:Ruhango.jpg|thumb|Ruhango]] {{Reflist}} *[http://www.ruhango.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.ruhango.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Ruhango| ]] ml3llbly15qtgh23mv9rismpssbsa86 14 3286 65025 63595 2013-03-07T22:32:33Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5636551]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] dvlg7dotsmj16vyy0c6og2wm0yz1eam 0 3305 82011 81597 2022-02-14T09:53:18Z NikonZ7II 10651 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:San Giovanni in Laterano 2021.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bazilika y’i Laterano</span>]] [[Dosiye:Statues_of_Jesus_in_San_Giovanni_in_Laterano_(Rome).jpg|thumb|Igishyushanyo cya Yesu I Bazilika y’i Laterano]] '''[[Bazilika]] y’i Laterano''' ihabwa umugisha. Umunsi mukuru wo guha umugisha Bazilika y’i Laterano watangiye mu mwaka wa 1565 ukaba wibutsa Kiliziya ya mbere yubatswe n’Umwami Costantino ahagana mu mwaka wa 324. Kwibuka uyu munsi ni ukugaragaza no kubaha iyo Bazilika ifatwa nk’umubyeyi w’izindi kiliziya ziri i [[Roma]] n’iziri ku isi hose. [[Dosiye:Sinti Roma Monument 2015.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|sinti roma]] [[Category:Abagatifu]] [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] [[de:Lateran#Die Basilika]] 4bmrjc7vyfwcy2o25yrqg93o2pykpw8 0 3321 65799 65027 2013-03-11T10:52:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q760]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mutagatifu Lusiya </font>]] [[File:LocationSaintLucia.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mutagatifu Lusiya </font>]] '''Mutagatifu Lusiya''' == Kandi == * [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Umugore)]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qwtp0twyxsyo25x4ucnw3136dsvyhoy 0 3327 14658 2010-12-29T19:20:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] f8ytgexjstl6v9kgnqf2v1xdubnn1v2 0 3329 14660 2010-12-29T19:21:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] eg18vu6s381qe1apj4tdg1twv2h2kfe 0 3332 14663 2010-12-29T19:25:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Huye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Huye]] m1iwainvjt1rzrzsjjp4yb94adhp5zd 0 3334 14665 2010-12-29T19:26:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Karongi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Karongi]] 8b9pez40rnioivlpzfqzq0qzodzshap 0 3338 14669 2010-12-29T19:27:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] 243y4rj6gcbehvukt3bqrujziz2whju 0 3339 14670 2010-12-29T19:28:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] naof1rcm0zzrz6v18onksyifvfsmu04 0 3342 14673 2010-12-29T19:29:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]] 5q9fffr1zftg3fahweixoyi06o087th 0 3345 14676 2010-12-29T19:30:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] 2yqbfpltedu32ikwlp9ch17fgd2lb0p 0 3349 14680 2010-12-29T19:32:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] 5zqj3f22bheng1buyk0agww2e7za70n 0 3351 14682 2010-12-29T19:33:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]] 4vvwesnxd0yjyrmx2yy8tum9z9sfb1z 14 3353 16312 14690 2011-01-05T16:59:52Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] bo0hasbmtzmg8u1o1djvczkqbk7tf91 14 3354 67459 52805 2013-04-02T18:55:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8383880]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Uturere]] 0mwdhm2i94z15j1etmoabrg4exitksw 14 3355 73142 73139 2020-08-22T13:35:44Z Deborahjay 6702 parent category; sort to display alphabetically wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Bugesera]] mc157flxwj3lp7r6m3jzh41wzr4t7rv 14 3356 15093 14696 2010-12-30T15:20:28Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] jw75veq5s2y7tzwa0fz8hg0ups4icwo 14 3357 16310 14698 2011-01-05T16:59:07Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] bo0hasbmtzmg8u1o1djvczkqbk7tf91 14 3358 67460 43394 2013-04-02T18:55:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8481593]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3359 15096 14702 2010-12-30T15:21:31Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] jw75veq5s2y7tzwa0fz8hg0ups4icwo 14 3360 14704 2010-12-29T20:19:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3361 14706 2010-12-29T20:20:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3362 14708 2010-12-29T20:20:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3363 14710 2010-12-29T20:21:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3364 14712 2010-12-29T20:22:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3365 16311 14714 2011-01-05T16:59:30Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] bo0hasbmtzmg8u1o1djvczkqbk7tf91 14 3366 14716 2010-12-29T20:23:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3367 14718 2010-12-29T20:24:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3368 14720 2010-12-29T20:25:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3369 14722 2010-12-29T20:25:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3370 14724 2010-12-29T20:26:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3371 14726 2010-12-29T20:26:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3372 14728 2010-12-29T20:27:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3373 14730 2010-12-29T20:28:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3374 72769 72768 2020-08-03T19:03:44Z Deborahjay 6702 remove image file for placement on topic page wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Nyanza]] 7y7w308ihimsq8olpmhruqwfkuej63s 14 3375 14734 2010-12-29T20:29:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3376 72455 14736 2020-07-15T22:43:08Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[File:The_streets_of_Rubavu-Gisenyi.jpg|thumb|Rubavu-Gisenyi]] [[File:Men_ride_a_boat_in_Kivu_Lake_in_Rubavu_District,_Rwanda._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Men ride a boat in Kivu Lake in Rubavu District, Rwanda. Emmanuel Kwizera]] Ni akarere kamwe mu turere tugize intara y'[https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=12 Uburengerazuba] gatuwe n'abaturage bagera ku Bihumbi magana ane na bitatu na magana atandatu na mirongo itandatu na babiri 403662(2014)<ref>https://rubavu.gov.rw/index.php?id=72</ref><ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/rubavu/</ref> 97qgql4konw1sbct5mf0y9gn6i0ufja 14 3377 14739 2010-12-29T20:30:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3378 14741 2010-12-29T20:31:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3379 14743 2010-12-29T20:32:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 14 3380 14746 2010-12-29T20:32:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with '[[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]]' wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] be2uc6ry50h2b8tsn7pzh2ctbf4f550 0 3381 76927 70416 2021-08-03T23:56:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali city.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|gitega sector]] '''Umurenge wa Gitega''' ugizwe n’icyahoze ari Umurenge wa Gitega na Cyahafi . Ufite [[utugali]] dutandatu aritwo Akabahizi, Kora, Akabeza, Kigarama, Kinyange na Gacyamo. Uyumurenge ukaba uhana imbibi n’imirenge ya Biryogo, Kimisagara, Muhima na Nyarugenge. Uyumurenge ufite abaturage 27.018 ukurikije ibarura rusange rya 2002 ariko ibarura rishya twikoreye muw’i 2006 rigaragaza abaturage bag era kuri 35.424 Muruy’umwa.ka umwe ,Umurenge wa Gitega uzibanda kubikorwa bizakemura ibibazo by’abatuye Umurenge cyane cyane abatishoye. Hakazibandwa gukangurira abaturage gahunda zitandukanye za leta. Umurenge wa Gitega ukaba usaba inkunga z’abaturage,gukorana n’Abaterankunga n’Akarere byumwihariko kugirango iyimihigo izashyirwe mubikorwa. [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 66vqmw9ut5dbz8ft8aalp8ybtc5tr45 0 3382 14748 2010-12-29T20:36:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurenge wa Gitega]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurenge wa Gitega]] p6lxeryxbeuyeen1qahdctv9xcraqpn 0 3383 76609 71633 2021-07-29T13:00:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Kigali''' nyuma y’ivugurura ry’imitegekere y’igihugu ugizwe n’ibyahoze ari Imirenge ya Rwesero, Kigali na Mwendo. [[Dosiye:View_of_Kigali,_Rwanda_(264341670).jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali mu murenge wa Nyabugogo Rwanda]] Umurenge wa Kigali ufite: ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 32; abaturage 32,564; Utugari dutanu: Nyabugogo; Kigali; Ruriba, Mwendo no Rwesero. Ugizwe n'imidugudu mirogwine n'umunani (48)ariyo Akagari ka Nyabugogo gafite imidugudu 10 1.Nyabikoni 2.Kiruhura 3.Giticyinyoni 4.Nyabugogo 5.Ruhondo 6.Gatare 7.Gakoni 8.Kamenge 9.Karama 10.KadobogoI Akagari ka Kigali nako gafite imidugudu 10 1.Muganza 2.Akirwanda 3.Kibisogi 4.Murama 5.Kagarama 6.Ryasharangabo 7.RuhangoII 8.Gisenga 9.Rubuye 10.KadobogoII [[Dosiye:Nyabugogo_River_Bridge.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro cy' umugezi wa Nyabugogo gihuza abaturage bo Kumuhima na Gatsata]] Akagari ka Ruliba nako gafite imidugudu 8 1.RuhangoI 2.Ryamakimari 3.Tubungo 4.Ruzigimbogo 5.Ruliba 6.Nyabitare 7.Ruharabuge 8.Misibya Akagari ka Mwendo nako gafite imidugudu 12 1.Ruhuha 2.Kanyabami 3.Ubuzima 4.Mwendo 5.Akagugu 6.Agakomeye 7.Umutekano 8.Amajyambere 9.Isangano 10.Karambo 11.Amahoro 12.Birambo Akagari ka Rwesero nako kagizwe nimidigudu 8 1.Vuganyana 2.Rweza 3.Akanyamirambo 4.Rwesero 5.Makaga 6.Akinama 7.Ruhogo 8.Musimba ■Mumajyaruguru yumurenge wa Kigali hari umurenge wa Kanyinya ■Mumajyepfo yumurenge wa Kigali hari umurenge wa Mageragere ■Muburasirazuba hari umurenge wa Nyakabanda Kimisa garage [[Dosiye:Nyabugogo_Bus_Park.jpg|thumb|Ihuriro ry' imodoka rya Nyabugogo rihuza abaturage b' imirenge yose y'umujyi wa kigali ndetse n'intara]] ■Muburengerazuba hari umurenge wa Rugarika na Runda. Abaturage b’Umurenge wa Kigali barahinga kandi barorora. fggqauvg4dnrix4sa73s88hqwgrhcmi 0 3384 14750 2010-12-29T20:40:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurenge wa Kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurenge wa Kigali]] h5pyyqe4iy63cjgvfjldr0mnj5i3pah 0 3385 76090 15553 2021-07-17T22:32:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Sectors.PNG|thumb|umurenge wa mageragere ugaragara ku ikarita y'u Rwanda mu mujyi wa Kigali, akarere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Umurenge wa Mageragere''' ni umwe mu mirenge 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni Umurenge wahoze mu cyari [[Akarere ka Butamwa]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi. Umurenge wa Mageragere ufite ubuso bwa km2 54.8 n’abaturage 16800. Ugizwe n’Utugari turindwi: Nyarufunzo, Kankuba, Mataba, Nyarurenzi, Runzenze, Ntungamo na Kavumu. N’ubwo Mageragere iri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], abaturage bayo bafite ubuzima bw’igiturage. Abo baturage barahinga kandi ingufu bakoresha mugutegura ibiribwa ni inkwi. Muri iyi gahunda y’umwaka umwe, Umurenge uzita kubikorwa bizacyemura ibibazo abawutuye bose bahura nabyo. Ibi byose kandi Umurenge uzabikora utibagiwe ko bigomba kuba ibikorwa birambye, ni ukuvuga ko mu bizakorwa byose hazitabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije harwanywa isuri kandi hanarindwa amashyamba. Ibindi ni uko isuku izakomeza kuranga abaturage ba Mageragere kandi nk’uko bizwi ko Umuturage ariwe shingiro ry’amajyambere, hazakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage barindwe indwara z’ibyorezo nka [[SIDA]] na Malariya nizindi ndwara ziterwa nisuku nke cyangwa imirire mibi kandi banakangurirwe kujya mu bwisungane mu kwivuza . Imishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka ni iyo . ku baka gereza nkuru ya kigali,kugeza amazi meza kubaturage,gusana ibiro bytimurenge,amashyiga ya kijyambere, gushinga ishami rya banki yabaturage, kandi bunguka ubumenyi mu gukora imirimo itandukanye. Abaturage bazakangurirwa kuzigama, gutegura udushinga duto, maze ibi bizatume bivana koko mu bukene. Ku bijyanye n’nkiko gacaca uyu mwaka uzarangira amadosiye 80% y’abaregwa yaramaze kuburanishwa. Umurenge ushyize imbere imikorere myiza mu gutanga service vuba kubawugana, Umurenge ukaba usaba inkunga y’ Abawutuye bose ngo iyi gahunda izashyirwe mu bikorwa. [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] arxi18qyk5awg3enj6eel1syp43urgw 0 3386 14752 2010-12-29T20:41:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurenge wa Mageragere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurenge wa Mageragere]] aor75chwt7rnqd8msjfcg5lv19oruvl 0 3387 79533 77088 2021-10-20T08:38:30Z WereSpielChequers 10241 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:COVID-19 patient in sever state. Chernivtsi, Ukraine.jpg]] → [[File:COVID-19 patient in severe state. Chernivtsi, Ukraine.jpg]] typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gashora_Health_Center.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Kanyinya urimo ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye ari naho dusanga ivuriro rya Kanyinya rwakirirwamo abarwayi ba COVID19]] '''Umurenge wa Kanyinya''' ni umwe mu mirenge 10 igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ni Umurenge mushya mu mugi wa Kigali kuko wahoze mu cyari [[Akarere ka Shyorongi]] mbere y’ivugururwa ry’ubutegetsi. Umurenge wa Kanyinya ufite ubuso bwa km2 20.60 n’abaturage 9034. Ugizwe n’Utugari dutatu; Taba, Nyamweru na Nzove. N’ubwo Kanyinya iri mu mujyi wa Kigali, abaturage bayo bafite ubuzima bw’igiturage. Abo baturage barahinga kandi ingufu bakoresha mugutegura ibiribwa ni inkwi. Muri iyi gahunda y’umwaka umwe, Umurenge uzita kubikorwa bizacyemura ibibazo abawutuye bose bahura nabyo. Ibi byose kandi Umurenge uzabikora utibagiwe ko bigomba kuba ibikorwa birambye, ni ukuvuga ko mu bizakorwa byose hazitabwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije harwanywa isuri kandi hanarindwa amashyamba. Ibindi ni uko isuku izakomeza kuranga abaturage ba Kanyinya kandi nk’uko bizwi ko Umuturage ariwe shingiro ry’amajyambere, hazakorwa ibishoboka byose ngo abaturage barindwe indwara, z’ibyorezo nka [[SIDA]] na [[Malariya]] kandi banakangurirwe kujya mu bwisungane’mu kwivuza. [[Dosiye:COVID-19 patient in severe state. Chernivtsi, Ukraine.jpg|thumb|Abarwayi ba Covid19 aho bavurirwa mu ivuriro rya Kanyinya]] Imishinga izashyirwa mu bikorwa muri uyu mwaka ni iyo kugeza ku baturage amashanyarazi kubaka ishuri ry’incuke, kongera ibyumba 3 ku kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Nzove n’ibindi . Iyi mishinga izatuma abaturage benshi babona akazi kandi bunguka ubumenyi mu gukora imirimo itandukanye. Bamaze guhembwa, abaturage bazakangurirwa kuzigama, gutegura udushinga duto, maze ibi bizatume bivana koko mu bukene. Ku bijyanye n’nkiko gacaca uyu mwaka uzarangira amadosiye 1600 y’abaregwa yaramaze kuburanishwa. Uyu mwaka kandi uzarangjra abaturage b’Umurenge wa Kanyinya bafite amashyiga arondereza inkwi. Umurenge ushyize imbere imikorere myiza mu gutanga service vuba kubawugana, Umurenge ukaba usaba inkunga y’ Abawutuye bose ngo iyi gahunda izashyirwe mu bikorwa. [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] bj3zyvovokqy9jewiops49266ht6qu6 0 3388 14754 2010-12-29T20:43:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurenge wa Kanyinya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurenge wa Kanyinya]] i5sjba4m8zsuecrirl48hw779qbv6co 0 3389 77086 14813 2021-08-06T15:24:22Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kimisagara.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage b'umurenge wa Kimisagara mu mujyi wa KIGALI]] Umurenge wa Kimisagara , ni umwe mu Mirenge icumi igize Akarere ka Nyarugenge. Umurenge wa kimisagara uri mu marembo y’Umujyi wa Kigali kandi uhana imbibi n’Imirenge ya : :Kigali: Iburengerazuba; :Gatsat A : Mu majyaruguru ; :Gitega , Muhima: Iburasirazuba ; :Ny Akabanda na Rwezamneyo : Amajyepfo. Ufite ubuso bungana na 3.19 km2 n’umubare w’abaturage bangana na 34472. Ugizwe kandi n’Utugali dutatu aritwo: Kimisagara, Katabaro, Kamuhoza. Utugari twose tugizwe n’imidugudu 48. Ingo zigize Umurenge zingana na 7042. Abaturage bagize Umurenge wa Kimisagara batunzwe ahanini n’imirimo ihemba , ubucuruzi buciriritse ndetse n’ibimina bibafasha kugera ku gishoro. [[Dosiye:Houses_of_Kimisagara.jpg|thumb|Kimisagara]] Nk’uko Umurage ari ishingiro ry’ubukungu igihugu cyacu giteho byinshi, akwiye gusigasirwa ahabwa ibyangombwa by’ibanze birimo ubumenyi no kurindwa indwara n’ibindi bya muhungabanya. Kugirango iyi mihigo igerweho ningombwa ko habaho ubufatanye hagati y’ abaturage n’Ubuyobozi bityo buri wese agatanga umusanzu we. Umurenge wiyemeje gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zihuse utibagiwe no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’amajyambere, Akarere n’izindi nzego z’Ubuyobozi zizadufasha kugera ku Ntego. Ukeneye kumenya Umurenge wa Kimisagara byisumbuyeho wabaza Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] nq1rvqe5xx6ksv5l0fhdcrtvyf8aitg 0 3390 14757 2010-12-29T20:46:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara]] meggaxzhlbeiloiz77788598hpflnm8 0 3391 78268 71952 2021-08-23T23:29:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RwandaDists.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uturere tw’u Rwanda</font>]] '''Uturere tugize igihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]] twose hamwe''' ni 30. Akarere kayoborwa na Meya, afatanije n’inama-njyanama ifata ibyemezo ishyirwaho binyuze mu matora. Iyi nama-njyanama ifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa imigabo n’imigambi bya Leta bijyanye n’ubukungu n’iterambere. '''Akarere''' (''umugereka'') / '''Uturere''' (''ubuke'') '''[[Intara y’u Rwanda|Intara]]''' '''→''' '''Uturere''' '''→''' '''[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]]''' '''→''' '''[[Utugari]]''' '''→''' '''[[Imidugudu]]''' [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Rwanda]] == Intara y’Iburasirazuba == [[File:Rwanda EastDists.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y’Iburasirazuba</font>]] # [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] # [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] # [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] # [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] # [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] # [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]] # [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Umujyi wa Kigali == [[File:Rwanda KigaliDists.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Umujyi wa Kigali</font>]] # [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Akarere ka]] [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] # [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Akarere ka]] [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] # [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] == [[File:Rwanda NorthDists.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y'Amajyaruguru </font>]] # [[Akarere ka Burera]] # [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] # [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] # [[Akarere ka Musanze]] # [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Intara y'Amajyepfo == [[File:Rwanda SouthDists.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y'Amajyepfo </font>]] # [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] # [[Akarere ka Huye]] # [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] # [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] # [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] # [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] # [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] # [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Intara y’Iburengerazuba == [[File:Rwanda WestDists.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y’Iburengerazuba</font>]] # [[Akarere ka Karongi]] # [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] # [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] # [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] # [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] # [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] # [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda| ]] 15h34hnfhsiykau1h2x2hksax1hrhaj 0 3392 77246 76364 2021-08-09T19:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umurenge wa Muhima''' [[Dosiye:2013-06-05_13-32-12_Rwanda_Kigali_-_Muhima.JPG|thumb|Umudugudu wa Muhima]] Ikaze ku rubuga rw’umurenge wa Muhima, umwe mu Mirenge icumi igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Nyuma y’ivugurura ry’imitegerekere y’Igihugu ugizwe n’[[utugari]] turindwi (7) aritwo : [[Akagari ka Nyabugogo|Nyabugogo]], [[Akagari ka Kabeza|Kabeza]], [[Akagari ka Tetero|Tetero]], [[Akagari k’Amahoro|Amahoro]], [[Akagari ka Kabasengerezi|Kabasengerezi]], [[Akagari ka Rugenge|Rugenge]] n’[[Akagari k’Ubumwe|Ubumwe]]. Utwo tugari natwo tukaba tugizwe n’Imidugudu 39 Umurenge wa Muhima uhana imbibi n’Imirenge ya Kimisagara, Gitega na Nyarugenge, n’imwe mu Mirenge y’Akarere ka Gasabo. Ukaba ufite ubuso bungana na km² 2,92 n’abaturage 48.466 dukurikije ibyatangajwe n’ibarura rusange ryo mu mwaka w’2002. Ni ukuvuga ko uwo Murenge utuwe ku bucucike bw’abaturage 16 598/ km² . Ibi bikaba bisobanura imiturire y’Akajagari irangwa muri uwo Murenge. Tubifurije ku rwungukiraho byinshi mu bijyanye na serivisi ndetse n’amakuru ajyanye n’umurenge wanyu. == Imiyoboro ==[[File:Umurenge w'aJuru.jpg|thumb|Umurenge w'aJuru]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101230145827/http://muhimasector.net/ Urubuga rw’Umurenge wa Muhima] [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] 6fnmf5k1qyfehqu5yj45lrzwho8pkr3 0 3393 78461 77027 2021-08-24T23:46:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 13-32-12 Rwanda Kigali - Muhima.JPG|thumb|ku Muhima 2013]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|rwanda]] '''Akagari k’Amahoro''' ni kamwe mu tugari tugize [[Umurenge wa Muhima]], gahana imbibi n’akagari ka kabasengerezi, n' akagali ka rugenge akagali ka Nyabugogo, n’[[Akarere ka Gasabo]]. Akagari k’Amahoro kagizwe n’imidugudu itandatu ariyo umudugudu w amahoro,umudugudu w AMizero,umudugudu wa Nyarurembo,umudugudu wa Kabilizi ,Umudugudu w'uruhimbi n UMudugudu w'Ubuzima.... iyoborwa na komite nyobozi y’’Umudugudu igizwe n abantu batanu bakuriwe n’Umukuru wawo. [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] i94eynko4ceu0ttyngt6kzw90yvtz9h 0 3394 14788 2010-12-29T21:51:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akagari k’Amahoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akagari k’Amahoro]] 5duccbexg9oq53z5ok8o1mnic5tug8w 14 3396 15098 14794 2010-12-30T15:22:11Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] jw75veq5s2y7tzwa0fz8hg0ups4icwo 0 3397 82351 78841 2022-03-27T18:41:50Z Wik250 10660 /* Intara y’Iburengerazuba */ Added links wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''Imirenge y’u [[Rwanda]]''' ni 416(magana ane na cumi n'itandatu) .<ref>Website of the [http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/ Ministry of Local Government]</ref> Umurenge uyoborwa n’umunyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa, afatanije n’inama-njyanama ishyirwaho binyuze mu matora. Iyi nama-njyanama ifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda za Leta nk’uko bikorwa mu karere, hakiyongeraho no gufasha abaturage mubikorwa byo kwiteza iterambere. '''Umurenge''' (''ubumwe'') / '''Imirenge''' (''ubwinshi'') '''[[Intara y’u Rwanda|Intara]]''' '''→''' '''Uturere''' '''→''' '''[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]]''' '''→''' '''[[Utugari]]''' '''→''' '''[[Imidugudu]]''' == Intara y’Iburasirazuba == [[File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|thumb|ikarita ya karere ka Bugesera]] === [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] === [[File:BugeseraDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Bugesera </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gashora]] # [[Umurenge wa Juru]] # [[Umurenge wa Kamabuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Ntarama]] # [[Umurenge wa mbyo ]] # [[Umurenge wa Mayange]] # [[Umurenge wa Musenyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mwogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngeruka]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamata]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Rilima]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruhuha]] # [[Umurenge wa Rweru]] # [[Umurenge wa Shyara]] === [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] === [[File:GatsiboDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="green">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gatsibo</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gasange]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatsibo]] # [[Umurenge wa Gitoki]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabarore]] # [[Umurenge wa Kageyo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kiziguro]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhura]] # [[Umurenge wa Murambi]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyagihanga]] # [[Umurenge wa Remera]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwimbogo]] === [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] === [[File:KayonzaDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kayonza</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gahini]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabare]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabarondo]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukarange]] # [[Umurenge wa Murama]] # [[Umurenge wa Murundi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mwiri]] # [[Umurenge wa Ndego]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamirama]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukara]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruramira]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu]] === [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] === [[File:KireheDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kirehe </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gahara]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatore]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigina]] # [[Umurenge wa Kirehe]] # [[Umurenge wa Mahama]] # [[Umurenge wa Mpaanga]] # [[Umurenge wa Musaza]] # [[Umurenge wa Mushikiri]] # [[Umurenge wa Naasho]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamugari]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarubuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigarama]] === [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] === [[File:NgomaDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngoma</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gashanda]] # [[Umurenge wa Jarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Karembo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kazo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibungo]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugesera]] # [[Umurenge wa Murama]] # [[Umurenge wa Mutenderi]] # [[Umurenge wa Remera]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukira]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukumberi]] # [[Umurenge wa Rurenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Sake]] # [[Umurenge wa Zaza]] === [[Akarere ka Nyagatare]] === [[File:NyagatareDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyagatare</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatunda]] # [[Umurenge wa Kiyombe]] # [[Umurenge wa Karama]] # [[Umurenge wa Karangazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Katabagemu]] # [[Umurenge wa Matimba]] # [[Umurenge wa Mimuli]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukama]] # [[Umurenge wa Musheli]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyagatare]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukomo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwempasha]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwimiyaga]] # [[Umurenge wa Tabagwe]] === [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] === [[File:RwamaganaDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rwamagana</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Fumbwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gahengeri]] # [[Umurenge wa Gishari]] # [[Umurenge wa Karenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigabiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Munyaga]] # [[Umurenge wa Munyiginya]] # [[Umurenge wa Musha]] # [[Umurenge wa Muyumbu]] # [[Umurenge wa Mwulire]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakariro]] # [[Umurenge wa Nzige]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubona]] == Umujyi wa Kigali == === [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] === [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gasabo </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bumbogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatsata]] # [[Umurenge wa Jali]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikomero]] # [[Umurenge wa Gisozi]] # [[Umurenge wa Jabana]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinyinya]] # [[Umurenge wa Ndera]] # [[Umurenge wa Nduba]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusororo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rutunga]] # [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimihurura]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimironko]] # [[Umurenge wa Remera]] komeza imihigo === [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]] === [[File:KicukiroDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kicukiro</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gahanga]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatenga]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikondo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kagarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanombe]] # [[Umurenge wa Kicukiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Masaka]] # [[Umurenge wa Niboye]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugunga]] === [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] === [[File:NyarugengeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyarugenge</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gitega]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanyinya]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigali]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara]] # [[Umurenge wa Mageragere]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhima]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakabanda]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamirambo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarugenge]] == Intara y'Amajyaruguru == === [[Akarere ka Burera]] === [[File:BureraDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Burera</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bungw|Umurenge wa Bungwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Butaro]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyanika]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyeru]] # [[Umurenge wa Gahunga]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatebe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gitovu]] # [[Umurenge wa Kagogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinoni]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinyababa]] # [[Umurenge wa Kivuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Nemba]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugendabari]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruhunde]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusarabuge]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwerere]] === [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] === [[File:GakenkeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gakenke</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Busengo]] # [[Umurenge wa Coko]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyabingo]] # [[Umurenge wa Gakenke]] # [[Umurenge wa Gashenyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugunga]] # [[Umurenge wa Janja]] # [[Umurenge wa Kamubuga]] # [[Umurenge wa Karambo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kivuruga]] # [[Umurenge wa Mataba]] # [[Umurenge wa Minazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhondo]] # [[Umurenge wa Muyongwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Muzo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nemba]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruli]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusasa]] # [[Umurenge wa Rushashi]] === [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] === [[File:GicumbiDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gicumbi</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bukure]] # [[Umurenge wa Bwisige]] # [[Umurenge wa Byumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Giti]] # [[Umurenge wa Kaniga]] # [[Umurenge wa Manyagiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Miyove]] # [[Umurenge wa Kageyo]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukarange]] # [[Umurenge wa Muko]] # [[Umurenge wa Mutete]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyankenke]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubaya]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukomo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rushaki]] # [[Umurenge wa Rutare]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruvune]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwamiko]] # [[Umurenge wa Shangasha]] === [[Akarere ka Musanze]] === [[File:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Musanze</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Busogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyuve]] # [[Umurenge wa Gacaca]] # [[Umurenge wa Gashaki]] # [[Umurenge wa Gataraga]] # [[Umurenge wa Kimonyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinigi]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhoza]] # [[Umurenge wa Muko]] # [[Umurenge wa Musanze]] # [[Umurenge wa Nkotsi]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyange]] # [[Umurenge wa Remera]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwaza]] # [[Umurenge wa Shingiro]] === [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] === [[File:RulindoDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rulindo</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Base]] # [[Umurenge wa Burega]] # [[Umurenge wa Bushoki]] # [[Umurenge wa Buyoga]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyinzuzi]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyungo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinihira]] # [[Umurenge wa Kisaro]] # [[Umurenge wa Masoro]] # [[Umurenge wa Mbogo]] # [[Umurenge wa Murambi]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Ntarabana]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukozo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusiga]] # [[Umurenge wa Shyorongi]] # [[Umurenge wa Tumba]] == Intara y'Amajyepfo == === [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] === [[File:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Gisagara</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikonko]] # [[Umurenge wa Gishubi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kansi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibilizi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigembe]] # [[Umurenge wa Mamba]] # [[Umurenge wa Muganza]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugombwa]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukindo]] # [[Umurenge wa Musha]] # [[Umurenge wa Ndora]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyanza]] # [[Umurenge wa Save]] === [[Akarere ka Huye]] === [[File:HuyeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Huye </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gishamvu]] # [[Umurenge wa Karama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Maraba]] # [[Umurenge wa Mbazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukura]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruhashya]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusatira]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwaniro]] # [[Umurenge wa Simbi]] # [[Umurenge wa Tumba]] # umurenge wa Huye === [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] === [[File:KamonyiDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Kamonyi</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Karama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kayenzi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kayumbu]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugina]] # [[Umurenge wa Musambira]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngamba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamiyaga]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarubaka]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugalika]] # [[Umurenge wa Rukoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Runda]] === [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] === [[File:MuhangaDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Muhanga</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyeza]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabacuzi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibangu]] # [[Umurenge wa Kiyumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhanga]] # [[Umurenge wa Mushishiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyabinoni]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamabuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyarusange]] # [[Umurenge wa Rongi]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugendabari]] # [[Umurenge wa Shyogwe]] === [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] === [[File:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyamagabe </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Buruhukiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyanika]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatare]] # [[Umurenge wa Kaduha]] # [[Umurenge wa Kamegeli]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibirizi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibumbwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Kitabi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mbazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mugano]] # [[Umurenge wa Musange]] # [[Umurenge wa Musebeya]] # [[Umurenge wa Mushubi]] # [[Umurenge wa Nkomane]] # [[Umurenge wa Gasaka]] # [[Umurenge wa Tare]] # [[Umurenge wa Uwinkingi]] === [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] === [[File:NyanzaDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyanza </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Busasamana]] # [[Umurenge wa Busoro]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyabakamyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kibirizi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukingo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwabicuma]] # [[Umurenge wa Muyira]] # [[Umurenge wa Ntyazo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyagisozi]] === [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] === [[File:NyaruguruDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyaruguru</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyahinda]] # [[Umurenge wa Busanze]] # umurenge wa kibeho # [[Umurenge wa Mata]] # [[Umurenge wa Munini]] # [[Umurenge wa Kivu]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngera]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngoma]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyabimata]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyagisozi]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruheru]] # [[Umurenge wa Muganza]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruramba]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusenge]] === [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] === [[File:RuhangoDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ruhango</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bweramana]] # [[Umurenge wa Byimana]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabagari]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinazi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kinihira]] # [[Umurenge wa Mbuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Mwendo]] # [[Umurenge wa Ntongwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruhango]] == Intara y’Iburengerazuba == === [[Akarere ka Karongi]] === [[File:KarongiDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Karongi</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bwishyura]] # [[Umurenge wa Gishari]] # [[Umurenge wa Gishyita]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubengera]] # [[Umurenge wa Gitesi]] # [[Umurenge wa [[Mutuntu]] # [[Umurenge wa Murundi]] # [[Umurenge wa Murambi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mubuga]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugabano]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruganda]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwankuba]] # [[Umurenge wa Twumba]] === [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] === # [[Umurenge wa Bwira]] # [[Umurenge wa Gatumba]][[File:NgororeroDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">[[Umurenge wa Gatumba|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngororero]] </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Hindiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabaya]] # [[Umurenge wa Kageyo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kavumu]] # [[Umurenge wa Matyazo]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhanda]] # [[Umurenge wa Muhororo]] # [[Umurenge wa Ndaro]] # [[Umurenge wa Ngororero]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyange]] # [[Umurenge wa Sovu]] === [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] === [[File:NyabihuDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyabihu </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bigogwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Jenda]] # [[Umurenge wa Jomba]] # [[Umurenge wa Kabatwa]] # [[Umurenge wa Karago]] # [[Umurenge wa Kintobo]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukamira]] # [[Umurenge wa Muringa]] # [[Umurenge wa Rambura]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugera]] # [[Umurenge wa Rurembo]] # [[Umurenge wa Shyira]] === [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] === [[File:NyamashekeDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Nyamasheke</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bushekeri]] # [[Umurenge wa Bushenge]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyato]] # [[Umurenge wa Gihombo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kagano]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanjongo]] # [[Umurenge wa Karambi]] # [[Umurenge wa Karengera]] # [[Umurenge wa Kirimbi]] # [[Umurenge wa Macuba]] # [[Umurenge wa Mahembe]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyabitekeri]] # [[Umurenge wa Rangiro]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruharambuga]] # [[Umurenge wa Shangi niyonsenga olivier nyamugali rubavu. === [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] === [[File:RubavuDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rubavu</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bugeshi]] # [[Umurenge wa Busasamana]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gisenyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanzenze]] # [[Umurenge wa Mudende]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakiliba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyundo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubavu]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugerero]] === [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] === [[File:RusiziDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rusizi </font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Bugarama]] # [[Umurenge wa Butare]] # [[Umurenge wa Bweyeye]] # [[Umurenge wa Gikundamvura]] # [[Umurenge wa Gashonga]] # [[Umurenge wa Giheke]] # [[Umurenge wa Gihundwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gitambi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kamembe]] # [[Umurenge wa Muganza]] # [[Umurenge wa Mururu]] # [[Umurenge wa Nkanka]] # [[Umurenge wa Nkombo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nkungu]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakabuye]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakarenzo]] # [[Umurenge wa Nzahaha]] # [[Umurenge wa Rwimbogo]] === [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]] === [[File:RutsiroDist.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Rutsiro</font>]] # [[Umurenge wa Boneza]] # [[Umurenge wa Gihango]] # [[Umurenge wa Kigeyo]] # [[Umurenge wa Kivumu]] # [[Umurenge wa Manihira]] # [[Umurenge wa Mukura]] # [[Umurenge wa Murunda]] # [[Umurenge wa Musasa]] # [[Umurenge wa Mushonyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Mushubati]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyabirasi]] # [[Umurenge wa Ruhango]] # [[Umurenge wa Rusebeya]] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda| ]] oq8hjakpumvad08na6ibvi4ks6xjusd 14 3398 67458 36769 2013-04-02T18:55:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8727035]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] rueioindpcc2i5fo9bcpmlx45ctyr2x 0 3399 76548 73755 2021-07-27T19:30:54Z Havugimana 5507 added links to intara y'uburasirazuba nuy'uberengerazuba wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda Provinces 2006.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Intara y’u Rwanda (NEW)</font>]] [[File:Rwanda Provinces.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Intara y’u Rwanda (Gishaje)</font>]] '''U Rwanda''' rufite intara enye ziyongeraho [[Umujyi wa Kigali]], ari zo: [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]]; [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]]; [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y’Uburasirazuba]] n’[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y’Uburengerazuba]]. Intara ihuza guverinoma n’uturere, ikagenzura niba imigabo n’imigambi ya Leta bishyirwa mu bikorwa mu rwego rw’uturere. Ni nayo kandi ireba uburyo imiyoborere n’imirimo bihagaze muri rusange ku rwego rw’uturere. Buri Ntara iyoborwa na Guverineri, ushyirwaho na Perezida wa Repubulika bikemezwa na Sena. Ministeri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Imiyoborere Myiza, Amajyambere Rusange n’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage (MINALOC) ishimishijwe no kumenyesha abaturarwanda bose ko, nyuma y’ ivugurura ry’inzego z’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu mu Rwanda,tuzaba dufite Intara enye(4) n’Umujyi wa Kigali, Uturere mirongo itatu(30) n’Imirenge Magana ane na cumi n’itandatu(416). '''[[Intara y’u Rwanda|Intara]]''' '''→''' '''Uturere''' '''→''' '''[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]]''' '''→''' '''[[Utugari]]''' '''→''' '''[[Imidugudu]]''' {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N° |Izina |Icyicaro |Akarere karimo icyicaro |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 |[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] |[[Kinihira]] |[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y’Amajyepfo]] |[[Busasamana]] |[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |[[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] |[[Kigabiro]] |[[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba ]] |[[Bwishyura]] |[[Akarere ka Karongi]] |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |[[Umujyi wa Kigali]] |[[Nyarugenge]] |[[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] |} [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda| ]] gzh2p3cla65yozqu2u6nysrjkeu5sks 14 3400 67461 63140 2013-04-02T18:55:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 19 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8803834]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] rueioindpcc2i5fo9bcpmlx45ctyr2x 0 3401 81465 78267 2022-01-31T10:54:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Akagari''' (''ubuke'') / '''Utugari''' (''ubwinshi'') Akagari kayoborwa n’umunyamabanga-nshingwabikorwa. Gafite inshingano zo gufasha abaturage kwiteza imbere, kandi gashyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage. Inama-njyanama y’akagari igizwe n’abaturage bose bagejeje ku myaka 18, batorwamo komite nshingwabikorwa. Imipaka y’inzego zivuzwe haruguru yashyizweho mu mwaka w2006 mu rwego rwo kwegereza [[ubuyobozi]] abaturage. '''[[Intara y’u Rwanda|Intara]]''' '''→''' '''Uturere''' '''→''' '''[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]]''' '''→''' '''[[Utugari]]''' '''→''' '''[[Imidugudu]]''' [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Rwanda]] == [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] == === [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] === *'''[[Akagari ka Buriza]]''' **[[Umurenge wa Gatsata]] **[[Umurenge wa Jali]] ** [[Umurenge wa Jabana]] **[[Umurenge wa Nduba]] **[[Umurenge wa Rutunga]] *'''[[Akagari ka Bwanacyambwe]]''' **[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo]] **[[Umurenge wa Gikomero]] **[[Umurenge wa Kimironko]] **[[Umurenge wa Ndera]] **[[Umurenge wa Rusororo]] *'''[[Akagari ka Kacyiru]]''' ** [[Umurenge wa Gisozi]] ** [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru]] **[[Umurenge wa Kimihurura]] **[[Umurenge wa Kinyinya]] **[[Umurenge wa Remera]] === [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] === == [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] == === [[Akarere ka Burera]] === === [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] === === [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] === === [[Akarere ka Musanze]] === === [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] === == [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] == === [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] === === [[Akarere ka Huye]] === === [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] === === [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] === === [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] === == [[Intara y’Iburengerazuba]] == === [[Akarere ka Karongi]] === rubengera === [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] === === [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] === === [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] === === [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] === === [[Akarere ka Rutsiro]] === [[Category:Utugari tw’u Rwanda| ]] rxuw566qssf035k0rczb5839v3mvf76 0 3402 14842 2010-12-30T00:22:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akagari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akagari]] bc77vyi3ssn0mknfpk9d6a6rcyi8hfz 0 3403 14927 2010-12-30T02:08:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Akagari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akagari]] bc77vyi3ssn0mknfpk9d6a6rcyi8hfz 0 3404 78143 76506 2021-08-22T12:07:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Egypt Nil.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Nili </font>]] [[Dosiye:Nili1763.JPG|thumb|Nili irimo kubakwa]] [[Uruzi]] rwa '''Nili''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''النيل‎''') rubarirwa ku burebure bwa kilometero 6,650 n’ubugari bwa kilometero 8. Muri rusange rufatwa nk’ururerure ku isi, kandi ni rwo ruzi runini mu zitemba zerekeza mu majyaruguru y’[[Afurika]]. Igihugu cya [[Misiri]] tuzi neza ko gitunzwe n'uruzi rwa Nil, uru ruzi rero rukaba rufite isoko iva mu bihugu byinshi aribyo : [[Etiyopiya]], [[Sudani]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Yuganda]], [[Uburundi]], [[Dosiye:Nili_Tholus_with_Spring_Deposits.jpg|thumb|Nili ]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Eritereya]] na [[Kenya]]. Nili igizwe imigezi ibiri minini: [[Nili Yera]] izwi ku izina rya Bahr Al Jabal muri Sudani, na [[Nili y’Ubururu]] yinjiza amenshi mu mazi y’uruzi rwa Nili, ikaba ari na yo ikeshwa ifumbire iboneka mu gishanga Nili inyuramo. Uruzi rwa '''Nili y’Umuhondo''' (''Yellow Nile''), ni rwo rwahuzaga Nili nini n’imisozi ya Ouaddaï yo muri [[Cadi]] y’uburasirazuba mu myaka ya za 8000 kugera mu 1000 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu. Igice cyayo gisigaye kizwi ku izina rya Wadi Howar. [[Category:Inzuzi]] l2d0sdhivjxqf3hlfl01ak5y8nvr4zw 14 3405 67752 60320 2013-04-13T09:17:02Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 148 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6965093]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 7xhd8c6u7k4kk2xidcydinaw8wxfx1x 0 3406 65032 56734 2013-03-07T22:34:08Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 42 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4814791]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sudan Juba bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Nili Yera </font>]] '''Nili Yera''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''النيل الأبيض''') Uru ruzi rusohoka mu kiyaga cya Victoria hafi y’umujyi wa Jinja ([[Uganda]]), rwitwa ''Nili ya Victoria'' (''Victoria Nile''). Rukomeza intera igera kuri kilometero 500 runyuze mu kiyaga cya Kyoga, rukisuka mu kiyaga cya Albert aho rusohoka rwitwa ''Nili ya Albert'' (''Albert Nile''). [[Category:Inzuzi]] [[de:Nil#Weißer Nil]] 1aj54tc54l4yois2f5qvwgyp9pk2168 0 3407 76507 65033 2021-07-27T10:26:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blue Nile Falls 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Nili y’Ubururu </font>]] '''Nili y’Ubururu''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''النيل الأزرق''') Uru ruzi rusohoka mu kiyaga cya Tana mu misozi miremire ya Etiopiya, hafi y’umujyi wa Bahir Dar. Rutemba intera ya kilometero 1,400 rwerekeza i Khartoum aho ruhurira na Nili Year bigakora Nili muri rusange. [[Dosiye:A_boat_on_the_Blue_Nile.jpg|thumb|Ubwato kuri Nili y'Ubururu]] [[Category:Inzuzi]] 33brdk49u3ata527yxv65edmbf1hdi5 14 3408 72688 65034 2020-07-28T19:23:57Z Deborahjay 6702 add category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Politiki]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe ku kazi bakora|Politiki]] 4ka1u8vcjptdz3k0t508c4ttkiyey83 0 3409 65781 65035 2013-03-11T10:52:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q845807]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda NorthProvDists.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Intara y’Amajyaruguru </font>]] '''Intara y’Amajyaruguru''' iherereye mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda ikaba ihana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru: [[Repubulika y’Ubuganda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]; :I Burasirazuba: [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba]]; :I Burengerazuba: [[Intara y’Iburengerazuba]]; :Mu majyepfo: [[Intara y’Amajyepfo]] n'[[Umujyi wa Kigali]]. Intara y’Amajyaruguru ifite ubuso bwa kirometero kare 3331 n’abaturage barenga 1.604.997. Igice kinini cy’Intara y’Amajyaruguru kigizwe n’imisozi miremire, igaherwa mu mujyaruguru yayo n’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga. Iteganya gihe rimeze neza, rigizwe n’imvura isanzwe mu gihe cy’umwaka, n’amahumbezi mu gihe kinini cy’umwaka uretse mu mezi abiri gusa ya gicurasi na Kamena, mu CYI haba hari izuba naryo ridakanganye cyane. Intara y'Amajyaruguru yashyizweho hakurikijwe Itegeko No. 29/2005 of 31/12/2005 rishyiraho inzego z'igihugu cy'u Rwanda. Iyi Ntara yakozwe hakomatanyijwe icyari intara ya Ruhengeri, Byumba n'igice cy'amajyaruguru cy'icyahoze ari Kigali Ngali. Kuri ubu Intara y'Amajyaruguru igizwe n'[[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Uturere]] 5 aritwo: [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]], [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]], [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]], [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]] na [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|Imirenge]] 89, [[Utugari]] 413 n'[[Imidugudu]] 2743. == == * [http://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?lang=rw Intara y'Amajyaruguru ibahaye ikaze kurubuga rwayo rwa Interineti] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda| ]] fbaqr45232v6xef1kyoit7l7hiwtps8 0 3410 81715 79142 2022-01-31T11:32:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi</span>]] [[File:EU Globe No Borders.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi</span>]] [[Dosiye:The United Nations Secretariat Building.jpg|thumb|inyubako ya UN]] '''Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi''' cyangwa '''Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi''' (EU mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''European Union'') [[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg|thumb|Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi| ]] 3kaykty6deeusub6795tly4w37htdzr 0 3411 14985 2010-12-30T11:32:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] ckd33b81iyb1moei07iu5vm1hlxe0j5 14 3412 65037 60209 2013-03-07T22:35:12Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1458209]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imiryango]] e6iwaldo92xh4b2ogyls4btigrw7i6p 0 3414 77815 65038 2021-08-17T23:36:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omar al-Bashir, 12th AU Summit, 090131-N-0506A-342.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"> Omar El Bechir</font>]] '''Omar El Bechir''' (cyangwa '''El Béchir''' , '''El Bashir''' , '''Al Bashir''' ) ([[1 Mutarama]] [[1944]] - ) (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''عمر حسن احمد البشير''') perezida wa [[Sudani]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Sudan.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|flag of sudan]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 8ef08nqn64ii8upeqjime4gfbtqly0l 0 3415 14994 2010-12-30T12:02:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Omar El Bechir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Omar El Bechir]] acl0f60fvlgjflul7xozho9clofrg2o 0 3416 14995 2010-12-30T12:02:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Omar El Bechir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Omar El Bechir]] acl0f60fvlgjflul7xozho9clofrg2o 0 3417 14996 2010-12-30T12:02:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Omar El Bechir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Omar El Bechir]] acl0f60fvlgjflul7xozho9clofrg2o 0 3418 81477 78487 2022-01-31T10:56:03Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BureraDist.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Akarere ka Burera</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Burera''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu (5) tugize intara y'amajyaruguru,kashyizweho n'itegeko N029/2005 yo ku wa23/12/2005 rijyanye no gushyiraho uturere tw'u Rwanda Icyicaro cyako kiri ahitwa Kirambo [[File:Beautiful view of the lake burera.jpg|thumb|Beautiful view of the lake burera]] Akarere ka Burera kagizwe n'[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 17 ariyo: [[Umurenge wa Bungwe|Bungwe]], [[Umurenge wa Butaro|Butaro]], [[Umurenge wa Cyanika|Cyanika]], [[Umurenge wa Cyeru|Cyeru]], [[Umurenge wa Gahunga|Gahunga]], [[Umurenge wa Gatebe|Gatebe]], [[Umurenge wa Gitovu|Gitovu]], [[Umurenge wa Kagogo|Kagogo]], [[Umurenge wa Kinoni|Kinoni]], [[Umurenge wa Kinyababa|Kinyababa]], [[Umurenge wa Kivuye|Kivuye]], [[Umurenge wa Nemba|Nemba]], [[Umurenge wa Rugarama|Rugarama]], [[Umurenge wa Rugengabari|Rugengabari]], [[Umurenge wa Ruhunde|Ruhunde]], [[Umurenge wa Rusarabuye|Rusarabuye]] na [[Umurenge wa Rwerere|Rwerere]]. [[Utugari]] ni 69, [[imidugudu]] ni 571. Abaturage bose ni 325988. Abarengeje imyaka 18 ni 150.009 Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru: Igihugu cya Uganda :Mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] na [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]]. :Iburasirazuba: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]]. :Iburengerazuba: [[Akarere ka Musanze]]. == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.burera.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1&lang=rw www.burera.gov.rw] [[Category:Akarere ka Burera| ]] nak4mos53mrq2d6skyysf1j76oqw25p 14 3419 67456 32775 2013-04-02T18:54:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8327805]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] jw75veq5s2y7tzwa0fz8hg0ups4icwo 14 3421 15097 15008 2010-12-30T15:21:51Z Kmoksy 1196 [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] jw75veq5s2y7tzwa0fz8hg0ups4icwo 0 3423 78460 15032 2021-08-24T23:44:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb]] '''Akagari ka Buriza''' Akagari k’Abaskuti ka Buriza kagize igice cy’amajyaruguru n’icy'uburengerazuba bw’[[akarere ka Gasabo]]. Kimwe n’utundi tugari tw’akarere ka Gasabo, ako kagari kagizwe n’[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] itanu, ariyo [[Umurenge wa Gatsata|Gatsata]], [[Umurenge wa Jali|Jali]], [[Umurenge wa Jabana|Jabana]], [[Umurenge wa Nduba|Nduba]] na [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|Rutunga]]. Igice gito cy’ako kagari nicyo giherereye mu mujyi, igice kigizwe n’umurenge wa Gatsata hamwe n’igice cya Jabana, ahegereye umuhanda uhuza umujyi wa Kigali n’intara y’Amajyaruguru, ahagana za Karuruma, Kabuye na Nyacyonga. [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Category:Utugari tw’u Rwanda]] 7n4sbtnw1jdh5jy94m3bfr4ubiltoph 0 3424 78462 77071 2021-08-24T23:48:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Suburb_of_Kigali_with_Mt_Kigali_in_the_background.jpg|thumb|Akagali ka Bwanacyambwe kabarizwa mu mujyi wa Kigali mu Karere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:Suburb_of_Kigali_Rwanda_June_2009.jpg|thumb|Utugari turi mu nkengero z'umujyi wa Kigali usanga akenshi dutuwe cyane.]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|rwanda]] '''Akagari ka Bwanacyambwe''' gaherereye i Burasirazuba bw’akarere ka Gasabo. Kagizwe n’[[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] itanu ari yo: [[Umurenge wa Kimironko|Kimironko]], [[Umurenge wa Ndera|Ndera]], [[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]], [[Umurenge wa Gikomero|Gikomero]] na [[Umurenge wa Rusororo|Rusororo]]. Kimwe n’akagari ka Buriza, igice kinini cy’ako kagari kigizwe n’icyaro, igice cy’ako cy’umugi kigizwe n’umurenge wa Kimironko hamwe n’igice cy’umurenge wa Ndera, mu murenge wa Rusororo kandi niho dusanga umugi wa Kabuga. [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Category:Utugari tw’u Rwanda]] b4jrzcjwop75nsih8fry00454sbhbvp 14 3425 72044 15031 2020-01-03T18:28:02Z 41.186.25.14 wikitext text/x-wiki rugarama [[Category:Rwanda]] a5h91auqbdyle0yg5er6bz7qiubzjwk 0 3427 15088 2010-12-30T14:55:06Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru]] to [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] jl4fb53xujy9qnefvpukbot4c6dh476 14 3428 67479 57084 2013-04-02T18:57:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9043341]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda]] ljfkoadna3xv3hbvq83a2w25un4v2x7 0 3429 15106 2010-12-30T15:50:53Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Jenoside y’Abayahudi]] to [[Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi]] dy5c8bm84m0cpz6rfn7bxe9xp54wgns 0 3430 15114 2010-12-30T16:09:38Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Itsembabwoko ry'u Rwanda ry'1994]] to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]: true apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] can0wf4pooo9uf64o4vgid0afft7qgo 0 3432 15117 2010-12-30T16:10:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 3433 15118 2010-12-30T16:10:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 3434 15125 2010-12-30T16:22:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] iuudcllci8qpb9hkmr1lk1yk8vww710 0 3435 15128 2010-12-30T16:35:21Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Pariki y’ Igihugu y’ Ibirunga]] to [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]: between the letters wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 5r6uku6jf34180d9umo93esay93rt3j 0 3436 15138 2010-12-30T17:19:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gicurasi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gicurasi]] 39g27xnagl5fqszwiaqyuzwqkhvao3k 0 3437 15140 2010-12-30T17:20:07Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ugushingo]] to [[Ugushyingo]]: true orth wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ugushyingo]] 3u6cp2e2yebrm1mq9coeepaf4mezh4p 14 3438 65790 65040 2013-03-11T10:52:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5866575]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3439 65791 65041 2013-03-11T10:52:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5606800]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3440 65042 64499 2013-03-07T22:36:18Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6488636]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3441 65769 64478 2013-03-11T10:51:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6504311]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3442 65771 64480 2013-03-11T10:51:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6493782]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3443 65770 65043 2013-03-11T10:51:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460847]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3444 65767 65044 2013-03-11T10:51:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460716]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3445 65766 64473 2013-03-11T10:51:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6493758]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3446 65045 64498 2013-03-07T22:36:56Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6489174]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3447 65768 64415 2013-03-11T10:51:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6490066]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3448 65046 64412 2013-03-07T22:37:07Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6469033]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 14 3449 65765 64414 2013-03-11T10:51:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6493725]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amezi]] hnl75xpqxowses8jdc2hfj9d6g8ezgw 0 3450 15444 15176 2011-01-01T01:19:22Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Igihugu)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Igihugu)]] scnvq059dcovcha134x3zfxk82bhyhh 0 3452 78169 69011 2021-08-22T14:32:46Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:FAO_Calendar_1988_Silver_Reverse.jpg|thumb|karendari y'umwaka 1988]] [[Dosiye:Johnson_C._Smith_University_Catalog_(1986-1988)_-_DPLA_-_b66f00cbb16d3e9954fbef9e81e295b7_(page_83).jpg|thumb|zimwe mu inyandiko za kera]] == Mutarama == == Gashyantare == == Werurwe == == Mata == Genocide mu Rwanda == Gicurasi == == Kamena == == Nyakanga == == Kanama == == Nzeri == == Ukwakira == == Ugushyingo == == Ukuboza == * [[07 Ukuboza]] – [[Umutingito]] washegeshe [[Arumeniya]] uhitana abantu 50.000 [[Category:1988|1988]] qz4c8zywkoypi9guc0d6ni1unfdm07u 14 3453 67171 62221 2013-03-14T05:48:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6938549]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imyaka]] 9cmey5s3arl8ijhqiwytmbjhtnlketl 14 3454 65048 62253 2013-03-07T23:00:09Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2945300]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihe]] av89etwhnicmw0vasg0kk9g95jvgjo5 14 3455 65732 65049 2013-03-11T10:48:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5461174]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihe]] av89etwhnicmw0vasg0kk9g95jvgjo5 0 3456 15211 2010-12-30T19:48:53Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Ibihugu)]] to [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Igihugu)]]: -plural +singular wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Igihugu)]] scnvq059dcovcha134x3zfxk82bhyhh 0 3457 77004 65050 2021-08-05T05:42:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Dosiye:Landsort December 2016 07.jpg|thumb|07 Ukuboza 1988]][[1988]] – [[Umutingito]] washegeshe [[Arumeniya]] uhitana abantu 50.000 [[Category:Ukuboza]] rgo6ffwiw20bprff8c56nfuphxrsqt0 0 3458 79171 65051 2021-08-31T09:48:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samuel Morse 1840.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Samuel Morse</font>]] [[Dosiye:Samuel_Morse.jpg|thumb|Samuel Morse]] '''Samuel Morse''' cyangwa '''Samuel Finley Breese Morse''' ([[27 Mata]] [[1791]] – [[2 Mata]] [[1872]]). Umuhanga ukomeye cyane mu bumenyi bwa ''Phyisics/phyisique'' ([[ubugenge]]). Niwe wahimbye ''International Morse Code'' yakoreshejwe cyane mu buvumbuzi bwa byinshi mu itumanaho rikoresha ''Radio'', cyane cyane izi za gisirikare. Bimwe mu byo yacukumbuye byifashishijwe mu kuvumbura [[Telefoni]]. [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 6b1xe5r3yv6fefhxiwf0861ca84r89t 0 3459 15224 2010-12-30T22:25:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Samuel Morse]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Samuel Morse]] 1bvojmm46o7zso917040lnbjpydnueg 14 3460 65052 62693 2013-03-07T23:01:29Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3919762]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 28pu0bzp1x431h4ibo270m9zoowz3sb 0 3461 78330 77007 2021-08-24T06:14:37Z 185.130.54.253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Säby sätesgård 1791.jpg|thumb|bimwe mu byaranze uyu mwaka]] '''1791''' == Gashyantare == == Werurwe == == Mata == * [[23 Mata]] &ndash; havutse [[James Buchanan]] * [[27 Mata]] &ndash; havutse [[Samuel Morse]] == Gicurasi == == Kamena == == Nyakanga == == Kanama == == Nzeri == == Ukwakira == == Ugushyingo == == Ukuboza == [[Category:1791]] 31iwrbyfqxopnd8e1co3z7lzqxp46p3 14 3462 67185 63752 2013-03-14T05:50:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 83 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6931634]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imyaka]] 9cmey5s3arl8ijhqiwytmbjhtnlketl 0 3463 76918 65054 2021-08-03T08:40:01Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''27 Mata''' == Ibihangange byavutse kuri iyi tariki == * [[1791]] – havutse [[Samuel Morse]] * [[1822]] – havutse [[Ulysses Simpson Grant]] * [[1939]] – havutse [[João Bernardo Vieira]] [[Dosiye:João_Bernardo_Vieira.jpg|thumb|João Bernardo Vieira]] == Ibihangange byatabarutse kuri iyi tariki == [[Category:Mata]] qmiocj0m61z3df4d33r2wjub9uv8y3v 0 3464 78028 76474 2021-08-20T03:01:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ulysses Simpson Grant</font>]] '''Ulysses Simpson Grant''' cyangwa '''Ulysses S. Grant''' ([[27 Mata]] [[1822]] – [[23 Nyakanga]] [[1885]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|18]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|american]] [[Dosiye:Ulysses_Simpson_Grant_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|Ulysses Simpson Grant t]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] b3nzr43043m24hu93x5bc23r5ky0m43 0 3465 15241 2010-12-31T00:14:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ulysses Simpson Grant]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ulysses Simpson Grant]] rcq7mxh8ai8fvwg04b7zzszl9kiaw57 0 3466 81759 79212 2022-01-31T11:39:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">George Washington</span>]] '''George Washington''' ([[22 Gashyantare]] [[1732]] – [[14 Ukuboza]] [[1799]]), [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|1]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] joip1jx02e6vtibqhx3vk1g442dbxrs 0 3467 65740 65057 2013-03-11T10:49:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q11806]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US Navy 031029-N-6236G-001 A painting of President John Adams (1735-1826), 2nd president of the United States, by Asher B. Durand (1767-1845)-crop.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John Adams</font>]] '''John Adams''' ([[30 Ukwakira]] [[1735]] – [[4 Nyakanga]] [[1826]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|2]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] gtgwc2c7eip54e5ttw67z85a1tpo4ke 0 3468 77994 76473 2021-08-20T01:21:33Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale, 1800.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Thomas Jefferson</font>]] '''Thomas Jefferson''' ([[13 Mata]] [[1743]] – [[4 Nyakanga]] [[1826]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|3]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze]] [[Dosiye:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Thomas Jefferson</font>]] [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|american flag]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 6xsp3gyz3bsbkfm66fyvx8a7huidi3k 0 3469 78557 65059 2021-08-25T06:38:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James Madison.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James Madison</font>]] [[Dosiye:James_Madison_(6268119970).jpg|thumb|James Madison ]] '''James Madison''' ([[16 Werurwe]] [[1751]] – [[28 Kamena]] [[1836]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|4]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ov6bav91fwep0mn64sneetbc7ugwtkc 0 3470 65060 58881 2013-03-07T23:03:55Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q11815]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jm5.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James Monroe</font>]] '''James Monroe''' ([[28 Mata]] [[1758]] – [[4 Nyakanga]] [[1831]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|5]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] r58tu9skl3kmc0mhtftnd87z2jv2key 0 3471 69057 69056 2014-11-30T21:30:21Z 98.116.184.69 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John Quincy Adams.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John Quincy Adams</font>]] '''John Quincy Adams''' ([[11 Nyakanga]] [[1767]] – [[23 Gashyantare]] [[1848]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|6]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] n748vckpnu26gg353w7jdkwpo1z9wky 0 3472 81540 78684 2022-01-31T11:05:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Andrew jackson head.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Andrew Jackson</span>]] '''Andrew Jackson''' ([[15 Werurwe]] [[1767]] – [[8 Kamena]] [[1845]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|7]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Amerikan]] [[Dosiye:General_Andrew_Jackson_MET_DT2851.jpg|thumb|General Andrew Jackson ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 631zu24elyqjodgk757y757kipis1ap 0 3473 78564 65063 2021-08-25T07:26:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Martin Van Buren by Mathew Brady c1855-58.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Martin Van Buren</font>]] '''Martin Van Buren''' ([[5 Ukuboza]] [[1782]] &ndash; [[24 Nyakanga]] [[1862]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|8]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Martin_Van_Buren_by_Mathew_Brady_c1855-58_(color_restored)_(crop).jpg|thumb|Martin Van Buren]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] jglg1bjzb64xo0dcpqjztsiw0rkmgxs 0 3474 79330 78289 2021-08-31T21:55:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:William Henry Harrison daguerreotype.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">William Henry Harrison</font>]] [[Dosiye:William Henry Harrison Presidential $1 Coin obverse.png|thumb|'''igiceri cya William Henry Harrison''' ]] '''William Henry Harrison''' ([[9 Gashyantare]] [[1773]] &ndash; [[4 Mata]] [[1841]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|9]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag on Home Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|american]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] bnyecxenw5josjrqittz50tew4yhl6u 0 3478 69059 65065 2014-11-30T21:31:11Z 98.116.184.69 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John Tyler.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John Tyler</font>]] '''John Tyler''' ([[29 Werurwe]] [[1790]] &ndash; [[18 Mutarama]] [[1862]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|10]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] hk63pd0beabxk8ukoyrok3lqlk9e1u1 0 3479 65723 65066 2013-03-11T10:48:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q11891]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Polkpolk.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James Knox Polk</font>]] '''James Knox Polk''' ([[2 Ugushyingo]] [[1795]] &ndash; [[15 Kamena]] [[1849]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|11]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mzdlm49i7gkvgkgmagjgqu7em0bc1tn 0 3480 81380 81379 2022-01-23T04:15:57Z FMSky 10574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zachary Taylor restored and cropped.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Zachary Taylor</font>]] '''Zachary Taylor''' ([[24 Ugushyingo]] [[1784]] &ndash; [[9 Nyakanga]] [[1850]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|12]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|American Flag ]] [[Dosiye:Zachary Taylor MET DT1665.jpg|thumb|Zachary Taylor ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] m1m4ii4k3gjipiom715yo33ghpjbcu5 0 3481 78576 65068 2021-08-25T07:59:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fillmore.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Millard Fillmore</font>]] '''Millard Fillmore''' ([[7 Mutarama]] [[1800]] &ndash; [[8 Werurwe]] [[1874]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|13]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:MillardFillmore1857.png|thumb|MillardFillmore]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 4nkv4w8ew0nfpe5xw22jejbx5fukhe0 0 3482 81744 79196 2022-01-31T11:37:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Franklin Pierce.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Franklin Pierce</span>]] [[Dosiye:Medal of Franklin Pierce MET LC-83 2 436-001.jpg|thumb|umudali wakorewe '''Franklin Pierce''']] '''Franklin Pierce''' ([[23 Ugushyingo]] [[1804]] – [[8 Ukwakira]] [[1869]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|14]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 1v4poeilwlr9q2wg8s7bhiyftgzkjrf 0 3483 65802 65070 2013-03-11T10:52:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q12325]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James Buchanan in 1860 - Meade Brothers.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James Buchanan</font>]] '''James Buchanan''' ([[23 Mata]] [[1791]] – [[1 Kamena]] [[1868]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|15]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] q6xtek2o1yfriumot7yepewv14iok9s 0 3484 81444 78443 2022-01-31T10:50:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abraham Lincoln.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abraham Lincoln</span>]] '''Abraham Lincoln''' ([[12 Gashyantare]] [[1809]] – [[15 Mata]] [[1865]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|16]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Iri cibwa ry’ubucakara ariko ryahiriye bake, kuko Lincoln yari yasabye ko iryo tegeko ryatangira kubahirizwa ku ya [[1 Mutarama]] [[1863]], ayo mezi atatu yanyuragamo ngo hagere akaba yarashize benshi bishwe rubi na ba shebuja b’abazungu [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|american]] [[Dosiye:Abraham_Lincoln_MET_270697.jpg|thumb|Abraham Lincoln ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] sia2xqnpvjsvqtxzct2mzdsf2493zo1 0 3485 81541 76413 2022-01-31T11:05:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Andrew Johnson photo portrait head and shoulders, c1870-1880-Edit1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Andrew Johnson</span>]] '''Andrew Johnson''' ([[29 Ukuboza]] [[1808]] &ndash; [[31 Nyakanga]] [[1875]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|17]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:General_Andrew_Jackson_MET_DT2851.jpg|thumb|Andrew Jackson ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] io5s0gm5jmhzozfsh7nkncuxj6htjxf 0 3486 78422 65073 2021-08-24T22:33:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''23 Mata''' == Ibihangange byavutse kuri iyi tariki == * [[Dosiye:BUCHANAN, James-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg|thumb|[[James Buchanan]]]][[1791]] &ndash; havutse [[James Buchanan]] == Ibihangange byatabarutse kuri iyi tariki == [[Category:Mata]] o8jpjezsac4k0f9rl4d9aoqc7w4bftf 0 3487 78167 65074 2021-08-22T14:19:01Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Elongated_circle_1822.svg|thumb|Umwaka 1822 nawo warugizwe n'amezi cumi n'abiri.]] '''1822''' [[Dosiye:1908_calendar_Tuck's_postcard_(obverse).jpg|thumb|Indangaminsi yohambere ]] == Mutarama == == Gashyantare == == Werurwe == == Mata == * [[27 Mata]] – havutse [[Samuel Morse]] == Gicurasi == == Kamena == == Nyakanga == == Kanama == == Nzeri == == Ukwakira == * [[4 Ukwakira]] – havutse [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] == Ugushyingo == == Ukuboza == [[Category:1822]] 17dqwid91d0592ixrwejoqi73c0jvkw 14 3488 67184 63821 2013-03-14T05:50:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 81 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7021922]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imyaka]] 9cmey5s3arl8ijhqiwytmbjhtnlketl 0 3489 77855 65075 2021-08-18T02:02:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:President Rutherford Hayes 1870 - 1880 Restored.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Rutherford B. Hayes</font>]] '''Rutherford Birchard Hayes''' ([[4 Ukwakira]] [[1822]] – [[17 Mutarama]] [[1893]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|19]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|america]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] euo3aaozeddw123ntwfhna639evb1y1 0 3490 78578 65076 2021-08-25T08:09:00Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James Abram Garfield, photo portrait seated.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James A. Garfield</font>]] '''James Abram Garfield''' ([[19 Ugushyingo]] [[1831]] &ndash; [[19 Nzeri]] [[1881]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|20]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Ole_Peter_Hansen_Balling_-_James_Garfield_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|James Garfield]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ha9i8lzz2cv0fh805hxj15md0kbpx5c 0 3491 81663 78705 2022-01-31T11:24:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chester Alan Arthur.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Chester A. Arthur</span>]] '''Chester Alan Arthur''' ([[5 Ukwakira]] [[1829]] &ndash; [[18 Ugushyingo]] [[1886]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|21]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Dosiye:Chester_Arthur_1880.jpg|thumb|Chester A. Arthur]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] frkouoogubfru8q61taiw1f1qne15xg 0 3492 81794 79250 2022-01-31T11:45:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:President Grover Cleveland Restored.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Grover Cleveland</span>]] '''Stephen Grover Cleveland ''' ([[18 Werurwe]] [[1837]] – [[24 Kamena]] [[1908]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|22]] na 24 wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Amerika]] [[Dosiye:Grover_Cleveland,_painting_by_Anders_Zorn.jpg|thumb|Grover Cleveland]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] lsmk2oa4rrr4eqlpklo5wu8096j5zdy 0 3493 81601 78941 2022-01-31T11:15:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Benjamin Harrison, head and shoulders bw photo, 1896.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Benjamin Harrison</span>]] '''Benjamin Harrison ''' ([[20 Kanama]] [[1833]] – [[13 Werurwe]] [[1901]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|23]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 8kgcl3olu5w9meckvl5r7p9h1gnr64r 0 3494 79327 78291 2021-08-31T21:52:53Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:William McKinley by Courtney Art Studio, 1896.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">William McKinley</font>]] [[Dosiye:President William McKinley signing an Ultimatum for Spain.jpg|thumb|'''William McKinley asinya Ultimatum ya esipanye''']] '''William McKinley''' ([[29 Mutarama]] [[1843]] &ndash; [[14 Nzeri]] [[1901]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|25]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|American Flag]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] e2hlzon9m0imj4tk3i7px335j4myr4e 0 3495 77993 65081 2021-08-20T01:19:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Theodore Roosevelt circa 1902.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Theodore Roosevelt</font>]] '''Theodore Roosevelt''' cyangwa '''Teddy''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]] ([[27 Kanama]] [[1858]] – [[6 Mutarama]] [[1919]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|26]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|American flag]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] crj7hlzu74kvxotd5zxv3z3klmvmytk 0 3496 79329 78290 2021-08-31T21:53:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:William Howard Taft - Harris and Ewing.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">William Howard Taft</font>]] [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|American Flag]] [[Dosiye:Anders Zorn - Portrait of William Howard Taft (1911).jpg|thumb|'''William Howard Taft''' ]] '''William Howard Taft''' ([[15 Nzeri]] [[1857]] &ndash; [[8 Werurwe]] [[1930]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|27]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9g1tuqxarpqyf5s4t2rfkgfuhhbwd5t 0 3497 79324 78292 2021-08-31T21:49:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Woodrow Wilson</font>]] [[Dosiye:(left to right) Margaret Wilson, Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, Jessie Woodrow Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Eleanor Randolph Wilson (1912).png|thumb|'''Woodrow Wilson family''']] '''Woodrow Wilson''' ([[28 Ukuboza]] [[1856]] – [[3 Gashyantare]] [[1924]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|28]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|American Flag]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] s6vfp3yaadvhhnsij7iwnwsff7q786b 0 3498 79315 78287 2021-08-31T21:42:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Warren G Harding-Harris & Ewing.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Warren G. Harding</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sen. Warren S. (G.) Harding LCCN2016819939 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Warren G. Harding''']] '''Warren G. Harding''' ([[2 Ugushyingo]] [[1865]] &ndash; [[2 Kanama]] [[1923]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|29]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|485x485px|american]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] spkmfxzlw29jtukxdugcqkn4v017sgl 0 3499 81644 78988 2022-01-31T11:21:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Calvin Coolidge.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Calvin Coolidge</span>]] '''John Calvin Coolidge''' ([[4 Nyakanga]] [[1872]] – [[5 Mutarama]] [[1933]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|30]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kiig966aw43yg4pp8b81omileqlkoo0 0 3500 79306 77146 2021-08-31T21:32:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Herbert Hoover (cropped).jpg|thumb|Herbert Hoover]] [[File:Herberthoover.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Herbert Hoover</font>]] '''Herbert Hoover''' ([[10 Kanama]] [[1874]] &ndash; [[20 Ukwakira]] [[1964]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|31]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|520x520px|amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mwilipb42n61ov1m3slkfpc60sw8wtk 0 3501 81743 79193 2022-01-31T11:37:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FDRoosevelt.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Franklin D. Roosevelt</span>]] [[Dosiye:Vincenzo Laviosa - Franklin D. Roosevelt - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|'''Franklin Delano Roosevelt''']] '''Franklin Delano Roosevelt''' ([[30 Mutarama]] [[1882]] – [[12 Gashyantare]] [[1945]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|32]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] g4agi3ta7r9efsrqtwmhxxj28wd9ziv 0 3502 81811 79296 2022-01-31T11:47:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HarryTruman.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Harry S. Truman</span>]] '''Harry S. Truman''' ([[8 Gicurasi]] [[1884]] &ndash; [[26 Ukuboza]] [[1972]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|33]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Dosiye:Harry_S._Truman_1952.jpg|thumb|Harry S. Truman ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ovgbuoc916n4czm0jhr63uio1qtt95o 0 3503 81712 79138 2022-01-31T11:32:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dwight D. Eisenhower, official photo portrait, May 29, 1959.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Dwight D. Eisenhower</span>]] '''Dwight D. Eisenhower''' ([[14 Ukwakira]] [[1890]] &ndash; [[28 Werurwe]] [[1969]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|34]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Dosiye:Dwight_D_Eisenhower_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Dwight D Eisenhower ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 2yx82hhv2z07xwe3mbvm14tqzl734ge 0 3504 76468 65090 2021-07-26T19:36:30Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John F. Kennedy</font>]] '''John Fitzgerald Kennedy ''' ([[29 Gicurasi]] [[1917]] – [[22 Ugushyingo]] [[1963]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|35]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:John_F_Kennedy_Official_Portrait.jpg|thumb|John F Kennedy ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] o27z7n33rfqdxc4dzqp7qmlgvianev8 0 3505 78569 65811 2021-08-25T07:42:23Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:37 Lbj2 3x4.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Lyndon B. Johnson</font>]] '''Lyndon Baines Johnson''' ([[27 Kanama]] [[1908]] &ndash; [[22 Mutarama]] [[1973]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|36]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:37_Lyndon_Johnson_3x4.jpg|thumb|Lyndon Johnson ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] gd2l4lf63bj3q0e7x8ws7h8bmxzcjry 0 3506 77842 68762 2021-08-18T01:11:42Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Richard_M._Nixon,_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Richard Nixon</font>]] [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|thumb|american]] '''Richard Milhous Nixon''' ([[9 Mutarama]] [[1913]] – [[22 Mata]] [[1994]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|37]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kn26q0jn9mpdemse2sehd64ajurvp3j 0 3507 81760 79213 2022-01-31T11:39:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gerald Ford.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gerald R. Ford</span>]] [[Dosiye:Gerald Ford with Barbara Peterson 02.jpg|thumb|'''Gerald R. Ford ari kumwe na Barbara Peterson''' ]] '''Gerald R. Ford''' ([[14 Nyakanga]] [[1913]] – [[26 Ukuboza]] [[2006]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|38]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] l98kmvhs4tik1fj715vbbo4hoi0rg5e 0 3508 65094 54116 2013-03-07T23:13:12Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23685]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Jimmy Carter</font>]] '''Jimmy Carter''' ([[1 Ukwakira]] [[1924]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|39]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] k9b8iwwcend6hj7vvz2c1z0uxw47fnk 0 3509 77849 65095 2021-08-18T01:38:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ronald Reagan</font>]] '''Ronald Reagan''' ([[6 Gashyantare]] [[1911]] – [[5 Kamena]] [[2004]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|40]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag on Home Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|american]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] nxl7hi8468124fn82abm8zsxwtx1bqr 0 3510 82660 81757 2022-04-30T21:19:33Z Urho Navalnyi 10895 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">George H. W. Bush</span> (1989)]] [[Dosiye:George_H._W._Bush_White_House_photo.jpg|thumb|George H. W. Bush White ]] '''George H. W. Bush''' ([[12 Kamena]] [[1924]] – [[5 Kamena]] [[2004]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|41]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 0r0tzlv0odgnnb9go3i56k0cg9jiezb 0 3511 81608 65097 2022-01-31T11:16:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bill Clinton.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bill Clinton</span>]] '''Bill Clinton''' ([[9 Kanama]] [[1946]] &ndash; ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|42]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 7ww7djxlee799lmtk2bm5plhune2scy 0 3512 81758 77233 2022-01-31T11:39:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:George-W-Bush.jpeg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">George W. Bush</span>]] [[Dosiye:George W Bush with Dexter Fowler.jpg|thumb|George W. Bush ari kumwe na Dexter Fowler]] '''George W. Bush''' ([[6 Nyakanga]] [[1946]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|41]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] i4eqhhychxa9joy7dqwatfhe8kqsyo1 0 3513 81437 79473 2022-01-31T10:49:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the President of Turkey.svg|thumb|100px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:CemalGürsel2.jpg|thumb|[[Cemal Gürsel]]]] [[Dosiye:Mahmut Celâl Bayar.jpg|thumb|[[Celal Bayar]]]] [[Dosiye:Kenan Evren (cropped).png|thumb|Kenan Evren (cropped)]] '''Abaperezida ba [[Turukiya]]''' <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> {| class="wikitable" |-- ! # ! width=150|Izina<br><small>(ivuka-urupfu) ! ifoto ! "Took Office" ! "Left Office" ! Ishyaka |-- bgcolor=#FFB6B6 | 1 || [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]<br><small>(1881 &ndash; 1938) || [[File:Reisicumhur Mustafa Kemal Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamalarında, Ankara, 29 Ekim 1925.png|60px]] || 29 Ukwakira 1923 || 10 Ugushyingo 1938 <br> || Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi |-- bgcolor=#FFB6B6 | 2 || [[İsmet İnönü]]<br><small>(1884 &ndash; 1973) || [[File:Portrait_of_Ismet_Inonu.jpg|60px]] || 11 Ugushyingo 1938 || 22 Gicurasi 1950 || Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi |-- bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 3 || [[Celal Bayar]]<br><small>(1883 &ndash; 1986) |||| 22 Gicurasi 1950 || 27 Gicurasi 1960 <br>|| Demokrat Parti |-- style="background:DarkKhaki;" | 4 || [[Cemal Gürsel]]<br><small>(1895 &ndash; 1966) |||| 27 Gicurasi 1960 || 28 Werurwe 1966<br> || Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri |-- style="background:DarkKhaki;" | 5 || [[Cevdet Sunay]]<br><small>(1899 &ndash; 1982) || || 28 Werurwe 1966 || 28 Werurwe 1973 || Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri |-- | 6 || [[Fahri Korutürk]]<br><small>(1903 &ndash; 1987) |||| 6 Mata 1973 || 6 Mata 1980 || "Senate" |-- style="background:DarkKhaki;" | 7 || [[Kenan Evren]]<br><small>(1917 &ndash; ) || || 9 Ugushyingo 1982 || 9 Ugushyingo 1989 || Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri |-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | 8 || [[Turgut Özal]]<br><small>(1927 &ndash; 1993) || [[File:Turgut Özal cropped.jpg|60px]] || 9 Ugushyingo 1989 || 17 Mata 1993 || Anavatan Partisi |-- bgcolor=#FFCCFF | 9 || [[Süleyman Demirel]]<br><small>(1924 &ndash; ) || [[File:Suleyman Demirel 1998.jpg|60px]] || 16 Gicurasi 1993 || 16 Gicurasi 2000 || Demokrat Parti |-- | 10 || [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]<br><small>(1941 &ndash; ) || [[File:Ahmet Necdet Sezer 2006.jpg|60px]] || 16 Gicurasi 2000 || 28 Kanama 2007 || "judiciary" |-- bgcolor=#CCCCFF | 11 || [[Abdullah Gül]]<br><small>(1950 &ndash; ) || [[File:Abdullah Gül (Brasília, 19.1.2005).jpeg|60px]] || 28 Kanama 2007 || "Incumbent "|| [[Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (muri Turukiya)|Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere]] |-- |} [[Category:Abaperezida ba Turukiya| ]] [[ca:President de Turquia#Presidents]] tnbkn6mporoekruzepf8w05pj7by60u 0 3514 15378 2010-12-31T15:54:03Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Abaperezida bwa Turukiya]] to [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya]]: Ops wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya]] lfp2q6wve1z2ctwigdxy5kdnu0rciax 14 3515 67172 58829 2013-03-14T05:48:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 55 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130092]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abaturukiya]] cb7spembskemu823zqn9mkcohx60y4u 14 3516 65735 65100 2013-03-11T10:48:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411579]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5j06j55uus2s19eydr2tnkq95ullp1e 0 3517 81442 78440 2022-01-31T10:50:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abdullah Gül (Brasília, 19.1.2005).jpeg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abdullah Gül</span>]] '''Abdullah Gül''' ([[29 Ukwakira]] [[1950]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya|11]] wa Repubulika ya [[Turukiya]] n’[[umunyapolitiki]] wo mw’[[Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (muri Turukiya)|Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere]]. Yavukiye i [[Kayseri]] muri Turukiya taliki ya 29 Ukwakira 1950. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Dosiye:Abdullah_Gül_2005Feb06.jpg|thumb|Abdullah Gül ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Turukiya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9d8kt8no16vx9otnncpstnoipas2b9y 0 3518 78001 65731 2021-08-20T01:38:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Turgut Özal cropped.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Turgut Özal</font>]] '''Turgut Özal''' ([[13 Ukwakira]] [[1927]] – [[17 Mata]] [[1993]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya|9]] wa Repubulika ya [[Turukiya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Turukiya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] g4gm6l7ndh7tcr12zby6r1h2k9s784h 0 3519 78575 75743 2021-08-25T07:57:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ataturk1930s.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Atatürk</font>]] '''Mustafa Kemal Atatürk''' ([[1881]] – [[10 Ugushyingo]] [[1938]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya|1]] wa Repubulika ya [[Turukiya]]. [[Dosiye:Mustafa_Kemal_Ataturk_1937.jpg|thumb|Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Turukiya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] cau03zaqw2g5g7avqwh75jf9cgcmph6 0 3520 77542 77320 2021-08-12T17:32:47Z Vick karega 9857 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RwandaParliament.jpg|thumb|RwandaParliament]] [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"> </font>]] '''[[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko]] y’u Rwanda''' yagiyeho nyuma y’ibihe by’inzibacyuho, binyuze mu matora yabaye ku itariki ya [[29 Nzeri]] kugeza tariki ya [[2 Ukwakira]] [[2003]]. Yatangiye imirimo yayo ku itariki [[10 Ukwakira]] [[2003]], nyuma y’irahira ry’abagize imitwe yombi. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda igizwe n’Imitwe ibiri : [[Umutwe w’Abadepite]] na [[Sena]]. Umutwe w’Abadepite ugizwe n’Abadepite 80 bakomoka aha hakurikira : # Abadepite 53 batowe ku rwego rw’Igihugu ; # Makumyabiri na bane (24) b’abagore batorwa n’inzego zihariye, hakurikijwe inzego z’imitegekere y’Igihugu; # Abadepite 2 batowe n’Inama y’Igihugu y’Urubyiruko ; # Umudepite 1 watowe n’impuzamashyirahamwe y’abantu bafite ubumuga. == Amakomisiyo == # Komisiyo ya Politiki uburinganire # Komisiyo y’Ubukungu na # Komisiyo y’Ubumenyi, Uburezi, Umuco n’Urubyiruko # Komisiyo y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane # Komisiyo y’IImibereho y’Abaturage # Komisiyo y’Umutekano no kurengera Ubusugire bw’Igihugu # Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, Uburenganzira bwa Muntu # Komisiyo y’Ingengo y’Imari n’Umutungo by’Igihugu # Komisiyo y’Ubuhinzi, Ubworozi n’Ibidukikije # Komisiyo y’Umuryango, uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore # Komisiyo y’Imibereho y’Abaturage # Komite ishinzwe imyitwarire n’imyifatire y’Abadepite no guku == '''AMATEKA Y'INTEKO''' ==[[File:Urugamba rwoguhagarika Genocide.jpg|thumb|Urugamba rwoguhagarika Genocide]] Mu gihe u Rwanda rwiteguye amatora y’abadepite agiye kuba kuwa mbere tariki ya 16 Nzeri 2013, amwe mu mateka y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda ntajya avugwaho cyane. Aya ni amwe mu mateka twabakusanyirije yaranze iyi nteko muri rusange kuva yabaho kugeza ubu. Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, u Rwanda rwagiraga umuco utaragiraga inyandiko, ni ukuvuga ko amateka (amategeko) yafatwaga mu mutwe cyangwa akagirwa akamenyero. Muri icyo gihe nta mategeko yabagaho, ahubwo habagaho amateka yacibwaga (...) ''Mu gihe u Rwanda rwiteguye amatora y’abadepite agiye kuba kuwa mbere tariki ya 16 Nzeri 2013, amwe mu mateka y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda ntajya avugwaho cyane. Aya ni amwe mu mateka twabakusanyirije yaranze iyi nteko muri rusange kuva yabaho kugeza ubu.'' Mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, u Rwanda rwagiraga umuco utaragiraga inyandiko, ni ukuvuga ko amateka (amategeko) yafatwaga mu mutwe cyangwa akagirwa akamenyero. Muri icyo gihe nta mategeko yabagaho, ahubwo habagaho amateka yacibwaga n’umwami; bakagira bati “Umwami yaciye iteka”. Amenshi mu mateka yacibwaga, yabaga agendeye ku mitegekere y’umwami wabaga yimye ingoma. Yashoboraga kugirwa inama n’abamwegereye cyangwa abiru, ariko ikigaragara ni uko nta nama yabagaho ngo igiye kwiga ku itegeko ryashyirwaho. Mu gihe u Rwanda rwahabwaga u Bubiligi ngo burugeze ku bwigenge (Tutelle), rwahise rugendera ku mategeko y’Ababiligi; amwe na mwe yagezwaga mu Rwanda agahindurwa bijyanye n’imibereho n’umuco by’Abanyarwanda, mu gihe hari n’andi yagumaga uko yaje bitewe n’umuyobozi cyangwa umu-administrateur wabaga ariho. Mu myaka ya 1960 nibwo habaye impinduka mu Rwanda; hajyiyeho Akanama k’igihugu k’u Rwanda na Guverinoma y’agateganyo ku itariki ya 26 Ukwakira 1960. Guverinoma y’U Rwanda ya mbere mu mateka yarwo ikimara gushyirwaho nibwo hahise hategurwa amatora y’abagize inteko ishinga amategeko. Ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 1960 nibwo hafashwe icyemezo ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda izagirwa n’umutwe umwe ikitwa “Assemblée Legistrative”. Ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961 nibwo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yatoye Perezida wa republika, nawe wari ubaye uw’intango mu mateka y’urwa Gasabo. Ku itariki ya 30 Nyakanga 1961 ya Nteko yitwaga Assemblée Legistrative yahinduye izina, maze yitwa Assemblée Nationale. Kugeza ubwo iyo nteko yaseswaga ku 5 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo Habyarimana yakoraga kudeta (Coup d’Etat), agahirika Kayibanda, U Rwanda rwari rumaze kugira inteko 3 zari zaratowe ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961, itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1965 no ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 1969. Ubwo hakorwaga amatora ya mbere ku itariki ya 25 Nzeri 1961 mu nteko harimo imyanya 44. Icyo gihe iyo myanya ikaba yari irimo amashyaka ya Parmehutu ryari rifite imyanya 35, UNAR ifite imyanya 7 na APROSOMA yari ifite imyanya 2. Naho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari yaje gutorwa ku itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1965, yo ikaba yari irimo imyanya 47 kandi bose ari aba Parmehutu gusa ari naryo ryonyine ryari ryatanze abakandida. Uwo mubare w’abari bagize Inteko Ishinga amategeko ni nawo wagumyeho ku nshuro ya 3 haba amatora mu 1969. Andi matora y’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda yagombaga kuba mu 1973, ariko kubera umwuka mubi wa politiki wariho icyo gihe, ntabwo yabaye. Ni nabwo muri uwo mwuka habayemo kudeta ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973. Habyarimana Juvenal yafashe ubutegetsi ahirika Kayibanda Gregoire. Iyo kudeta yakurikiwe n’ihagarikwa ry’inzego zose n’iseswa ry’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ari nabwo havukaga Republika ya kabiri. Iyo republika ya kabiri niyo yashyizeho ikiswe Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere “Conseil National de Development (CND)“ iyo yo ikaba icyo gihe yari igizwe n’abadepite 64 batowe mu matora yo ku itariki ya 18 Ukuboza 1981 bagatangira imirimo yabo ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1982. Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere cyangwa se Inteko yatowe ku itariki ya 26 Ukuboza 1983 igatangira imirimo yayo ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1984, yo yarimo abadepite 70. Icyo gihe Itegeko Nshinga ryagennye manda y’imyaka 5 ari nayo yagendeweho n’Inteko yatowe ku 26 Ukuboza 1988 igatangira imirimo yayo ku 8 Mutarama 1989. Icyo twabibutsa ni uko abari bagize CND (Inama y’igihugu y’amajyambere) bose baturukaga mu ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND. Itegeko Nshinga rya mbere ry’u Rwanda ryashyizweho ku itariki ya 28 Mutarama 1961, ryaje gusimbuzwa ku itariki ya 24 Ugushyingo 1962. Kuva ryashyirwaho, Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda ryagiye rihindurwa inshuro nyinshi ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Kugeza mu 1978 ryari rimaze guhindurwa inshuro zigera kuri eshanu: nko ku itariki ya 12 Kamena 1962, ku itariki ya 18 Gicurasi 1973 no ku itariki ya 20 Ukuboza 1978. == '''Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho''' == Ni imwe mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu zateganyijwe n’amasezerano y’Arusha yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 4 Kanama 1993 hagati ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ishyaka rya FPR- Inkotanyi. Ayo masezerano akaba yarahaye iyo Nteko Ishinga Amategeko inshingano zikurikira:  Gushyiraho amategeko  Kumenya no kungenzura ibikorwa bya Guverinoma Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho yashyizweho ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1994, irangira muri Kanama 2003. Inteko y’inzibacyuho ijyaho nyuma ya jenocide ikaba icyo gihe nta bakozi nta n’ibikoresho bihagije yari ifite; byose byari ugushakisha kuko n’ingoro yakoreragamo yari yarasenyutse. Iyi Nteko yashyizweho hagendeye ku masezerano y’Arusha nk’uko yujujwe ku bireba Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’itangazo rya FPR Inkotanyi ryo ku itariki ya 17 Nyakanga 1994, hamwe n’amasezerano yo ku itariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 1994 hagati y’imitwe ya politiki ya FRP, MDR, PDC, PSD, PDI, PSR, PL na UDPR yerekeye ishyirwaho ry’inzego z’ubutegetsi z’iguhugu. Itangira, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho yari igizwe n’abadepite 70 baturuka mu mashyaka ya politiki 8 ataragize uruhare muri genocide yakorewe Abatutsi. Harimo kandi n’abadepite 6 bahagarariye ingabo z’igihugu. Hakurikijwe ivugururwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga rya Republika y’u Rwanda ryo kuwa 10 Ugushyingo 2000, umubare w’abadepite waje kwiyongera ugera kuri 74 bitewe n’abadepite 4 bongewemo: 2 bahagarariye urubyiruko na 2 bahagarariye abari n’abategarugori. Ikijyaho Inteko Ishinga amategeko ikaba yarashyizeho amategeko ahanini yari ajyanye n’igihe igihugu cyarimo cyane cyane agamije kugisana mu buryo bwose: urwego rw’ubukungu, imibereho y’abaturage, politiki, ubutabera n’ibindi. Naho ibirebana no kumenya no kugenzura ibikorwa bya guverinoma, ibyo bikorwa byatangiye mu 1997 cyane cyane ko n’amategeko abigenga yagoranye gushyirwaho. Bikaba byarasabye ko abahagarariye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko n’abahagarariye guverinoma bahura kenshi kugira ngo bashobore kumvikana ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe batabonaga kimwe. Itegeko ngenga rigena uburyo Inteko Ishinga Amategeko igomba kumenya ikanagenzura imikorere ya guverinoma ryatangajwe ku itariki ya 14 Mata 1997 na Prezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ashingiye ku bubasha ahabwa n’Itegeko Nshinga mu ngingo yaryo ya 6-d y’amasezerano y’Arusha, mu gice cyerekeye igabana ry’ubutegetsi. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho kandi yari ifite inshingano zo gutora bamwe mu bayobozi bo mu nzego z’imirimo ya Leta. Ni muri urwo rwego batoye Perezida Paul Kagame bafatanije n’abagize guverinoma ku itariki ya 17 Mata 2000, banatora abandi bayobozi banyuranye barimo Perezida na visi Perezida b’urukiko rw’ikirenga, abakomiseri mu makomisiyo y’igihugu n’abandi. Ku birebana n’imiterere y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho, icyo gihe yari igizwe n’inzego 5 z’ingenzi, arizo:  Inteko rusange  Biro y’inteko  Inama y’abaperezida b’amakomisiyo  Amakomisiyo ahoraho  Urwego rw’abakozi Mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho yakoreraga mu bihembwe 3. Buri gihembwe cyagombaga kumara amezi 3 n’ukwezi kw’ikiruhuko. Ariko byagaragaye kenshi ko ibyo biruhuko byajyiye bikoreshwa hatumizwa ibihembwe bidasanzwe kubera imirimo myinshi ijyanye cyane cyane no gutora amategeko. Kuva mu 1994 kugera 2000 umwaka w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho watangiraga ku itariki 12 Ukuboza bihereye ku itariki yateraniyeho bwa mbere mu gihembwe gisanzwe mu mwaka 1994. Ariko kugira ngo gahunda z’ibihembwe by’inzibacyuho zihuzwe n’izindi gahunda z’igihugu, itangira ry’umwaka w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho ryaje kwimurirwa ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama, kandi rikanayoborwa na Perezida wa Republika uboneraho no kugeza ku baturarwanda ubutumwa bujyanye na gahunda z’igihugu z’uwo mwaka. Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho yabayeho kugeza ubwo hajyagaho Inteko noneho yari imaze gutorwa hagendeye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Republika y’u Rwanda kuva mu 1994. Iri tegeko nshinga rikaba ryari ryatowe ku itariki ya 23 Gicurasi 2003 mu matora rusange y’Abanyarwanda bose rikanashyirwaho umukono na Perezida wa Republika ku itariki ya 4 Kanama, ari nabwo ryatangiriraga gukurikizwa. Inteko Ishinga amategeko nshya yari imaze gushyirwaho n’Itegeko Nshinga yo noneho ikaba yari itandukanye n’izindi nteko zose U Rwanda rwagize, kuko yo yaje igizwe n’imitwe 2 nk’uko byateganywaga muri iryo tegeko nshinga: Hari umutwe w’abadepite n’umutwe w’Abasenateri. Iyi mitwe yombi ikaba ari nayo ikigize Inteko Ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda kugeza ubu. Muri uwo mwaka wa 2003 nibwo bwa mbere mu mateka u Rwanda rwari rugize Inteko Ishinga amategeko igizwe n’imitwe ibiri. == '''Ibihe u Rwanda rwabayeho nta Nteko Ishinga Amategeko rufite''' == Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda habaye ibihe bibiri igihugu cyamaze kitaragira Inteko Ishinga amategeko. Inshuro ya mbere yabaye ubwo Habyarimana yakoraga kudeta, maze ahagarika inzego zose zariho kuva ubwo yayikoraga ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza mu 1982, icyo gihe cyose kingana n’imyaka 9 u Rwanda rukaba rwarabagaho nta Nteko Ishinga Amategeko rufite. Inshuro ya kabiri yabaye kuva tariki 17 Nyakanga 1994 kugeza ku itariki ya 12 Ukuboza muri uwo mwaka n’ubundi. == '''Kubera iki abantu bakunze kwita Ingoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko CND?''' == Nk’uko twabibonye hejuru, mu 1981 Habyarimana yashyizeho Inama y’Igihugu y’Amajyambere, mu gifaransa ikaba Conseil National de Development, mu magambo ahinnye CND. Inama y’Igihugu y’Amajyambere yakoraga nk’Inteko ishinga amategeko. CND yakoreraga mu nyubako Urukiko rw’ikirenga na Ministeri y’Ubutabera bikoreramo ubu. Icyo gihe hitwaga Palais de Jeunesse. Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwo icyo gihe ntirwabagaho. Ingoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko yatangiye kubakwa mu 1980, yuzura mu 1989 ari nabwo yatashwe ku mugaragaro; gusa Abadepite bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko bo binjiye gukorera muri iyi ngoro mu ntango za 1990. Ubwo ako kanama CND kimukiraga muri iyi ngoro nibwo rero abantu bakomeje kuhita muri CDN. Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994 igitangira, ingoro y’Inteko ishinga amategeko yarasenywe. Icyo gihe ingabo za guverinoma ariko cyane cyane abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda Perezida Habyarumana bayimisheho ibisasu bya rutura byaturukaga ahanini muri Camp GP (Ikigo cy’abasirikare barinda Perezida). Iyi ngoro ikaba yararaswaga kuko yari icumbikiye ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi n’abanyapolitiki bahagarariye uwo mutwe bari baraje mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’Arusha yasinyirwaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya. Kubera ko iyi ngoro yari yangiritse cyane, nyuma ya jenoside Inteko ntiyashoboye kubona aho ikorera byoroshye. Abadepite gusa nibo bakoreraga mu cyumba cy’inteko rusange yabo no mu biro bimwe na bimwe mu gihe iyi ngoro yarimo isanwa. Sena ikimara kujyaho mu 2003 yabanje gukorera mu nyubako ya Telecom ku Kacyiru kuko Ingoro y’Inteko nyirizina yari ikirimo gusanwa. Sena ikaba yarinjiyemo mu ngoro y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko mu 2005, nyuma y’isanwa ryagoranye. == Imiyoboro == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100804141206/http://www.parliament.gov.rw/re/ www.parliament.gov.rw] [[Category:Rwanda]]K 361j2up1cbjc5djalwposhr4lek5gup 0 3521 82325 81787 2022-03-21T20:51:23Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of Turkish Language.svg|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ikinyaturukiya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|Turkey]] Ururimi rwa '''Igiturukiya'''<ref> [http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; microsoft.com ; download.jw.org ; shiyarwanda.com</ref> cyangwa '''Igituruki'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> , '''Ikinyaturukiya'''<ref>translationproject.org </ref> (izina mu giturukiya : ''Türkçe'' cyangwa ''Türk dili'', ''Türkiye Türkçesi'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abaturukiya]] na rwa [[Turukiya]] na [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''tur'''. == Alfabeti y’ikinyaturukiya == Ikinyaturukiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 29 : '''a b c ç d e f g ğ h ı i j k l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z''' :inyajwi 8 : '''a e ı i o ö u ü''' :indagi 21 : '''b c ç d f g ğ h j k l m n p r s ş t v y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ğ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ş]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|ı||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|ş||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|v||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == [[File:Tu-map.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Turukiya</span>]] * a / ı / o / u → -'''lar''' : ** '''ayak''' &ndash; '''ayaklar''' ikirenge – ibirenge ** '''ağaç''' &ndash; '''ağaçlar''' igiti – ibiti ** '''taş''' &ndash; '''taşlar''' ibuye – amabuye ** '''balık''' &ndash; '''balıklar''' ifi – amafi ** '''tavşan''' &ndash; '''tavşanlar''' urukwavu – inkwavu ** '''kadın''' &ndash; '''kadınlar''' umugore – abagore ** '''kız''' &ndash; '''kızlar''' umukobwa – abakobwa ** '''oğlan''' &ndash; '''oğlanlar''' umuhungu – abahungu ** '''çocuk''' &ndash; '''çocuklar''' umwana – abwana ** '''kol''' &ndash; '''kollar''' ukuboko – amaboko * e / i / ö / ü → -'''ler''' : ** '''erkek''' &ndash; '''erkekler''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''bebek''' &ndash; '''bebekler''' uruhinja – impinja ** '''el''' &ndash; '''eller''' ikiganza – ibiganza ** '''ev''' &ndash; '''evler''' inzu – amazu ** '''diş''' &ndash; '''dişler''' iryinyo – amenyo == Amagambo n’interuro mu gituruki == [[File:TurkishVocabulary.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inkoranyamagambo</span>]] * '''Merhaba''' – Muraho * '''Hoş geldin''' – Murakaza neza * '''Nasılsın?''' – Amakuru? * '''İyiyim''' – Ni meza * '''Hangi dilleri konuşabiliyorsun?''' – Uvuga izihe ndimi? * '''Biraz Ruandaca konuşabiliyorum''' – Kinyarwanda cyanje n'igikye * '''Bilmiyorum''' – Simbizi * '''Biliyorum''' – Ndabizi * '''Türkçe kitap''' – Igitabo mu gituruki * '''Evet''' – Yego * '''Hayır''' – Oya * '''Ne?''' – Iki? * '''Neden? / Niye? / Niçin?''' – Kuki? * '''Nasıl?''' – Bite? * '''Kim?''' – Nde? * '''Kimler?''' – Bande? * '''Ne zaman?''' – Ryali? === === * '''çocuk''' – umwana ** '''çocuğum''' – umwana wanjye ** '''çocuğun''' – umwana wawe ** '''çocuğu''' – umwana we ** '''çocuğumuz''' – umwana wacu ** '''çocuğunuz''' – umwana wanyu ** '''çocuğu''' – umwana wabo * '''kitap''' – igitabo ** '''kitabım''' – igitabo cyanjye ** '''kitabın''' – igitabo cyawe ** '''kitabı''' – igitabo cye ** '''kitabımız''' – igitabo cyacu ** '''kitabınız''' – igitabo cyanyu ** '''kitabı''' – igitabo cyabo * '''inek''' – inka ** '''ineğim''' – inka yanjye ** '''ineğin''' – inka yawe ** '''ineği''' – inka ye ** '''ineğimiz''' – inka yacu ** '''ineğiniz''' – inka yanyu ** '''ineği''' – inka yabo === === * '''Gidiyorum''' – Ndagenda ''cyangwa'' Ngiye * '''Gidiyorsun''' – Uragenda ''cyangwa'' Ugiye * '''Gidiyor''' – Aragenda ''cyangwa'' Agiye * '''Gidiyoruz''' – Turagenda ''cyangwa'' Tugiye * '''Gidiyorsunuz''' – Muragenda ''cyangwa'' Mugiye * '''Gidiyorlar''' – Baragenda ''cyangwa'' Bagiye * '''Yiyorum''' – Ndarya * '''Yiyorsun''' – Urarya * '''Yiyor''' – Ararya * '''Yiyoruz''' – Turarya * '''Yiyorsunuz''' – Murarya * '''Yiyorlar''' – Bararya == Imibare == [[File:Kyzyl orkhon inscription.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igituruki Gishaje </span>]] * '''sayı''' – umubare * '''sayılar''' – imibare * '''bir''' – rimwe * '''iki''' – kabiri * '''üç''' – gatatu * '''dört''' – kane * '''beş''' – gatanu * '''altı''' – gatandatu * '''yedi''' – karindwi * '''sekiz''' – umunani * '''dokuz''' – icyenda * '''on''' – icumi * '''on bir''' – cumi na rimwe * '''on iki''' – cumi na kaviri * '''on üç''' – cumi na gatatu * '''on dört''' – cumi na kane * '''on beş''' – cumi na gatanu * '''on altı''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''on yedi''' – cumi na karindwi * '''on sekiz''' – cumi n’umunani * '''on dokuz''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''yirmi''' – makumyabiri * '''yirmi bir''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''yirmi iki''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''yirmi üç''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''yirmi dört''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''yirmi beş''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''yirmi altı''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''yirmi yedi''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''yirmi sekiz''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''yirmi dokuz''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''otuz''' – mirongo itatu * '''kırk''' – mirongo ine * '''elli''' – mirongo itanu * '''altmış''' – mirongo itandatu * '''yetmiş''' – mirongo irindwi * '''seksen''' – mirongo inani * '''doksan''' – mirongo cyenda * '''yüz''' – ijana * '''bin''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gituruki == *http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Sayfa == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008145318/http://www.tdk.org.tr/TR/Genel/Ana.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF4376734BED947CDE Türk Dil Kurumu] <span style="color:grey;">(mu gituruki)</span> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Turukiya]] [[Category:Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] j4biss2ub5yyx9ocn46fyj9poc0rpgm 0 3522 65106 63867 2013-03-07T23:32:09Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 85 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q35749]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:House of Representatives, Parliament House, Canberra.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Ositaraliya </font>]] '''Inteko ishinga amategeko''' cyangwa '''Parlement''' * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Ositaraliya]] * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Afuganisitani]] * [[Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Koreya y'Amajyepfo]] * [[Inteko Ishinga amategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'uBusuwisi]] * [[Inteko ishinga amategeko y'ubufaransa]] [[Category:Demokarasi]] l2mva8gah4tuj3s5q9dgzwg6gtr9ars 0 3523 15421 2010-12-31T21:01:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inteko ishinga amategeko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inteko ishinga amategeko]] 95eid1vhls8n1dvkqi0q83q0n7zp434 0 3524 29755 15436 2011-04-03T08:52:00Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umupira w’amaguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umupira w’amaguru]] mq5yxqrhw6zok83eagx1xc28tc1bnzj 0 3525 15439 2010-12-31T23:30:22Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ishyirahamwe ry'Umupira w'Amaguru mu Rwanda]] to [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda]]: true apostroph wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda]] 7atp8hgtx2dwdxvcne70pxwiziu4vtf 14 3526 67745 65107 2013-04-13T09:07:49Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4960490]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ururimi''' (sg) / '''Indimi''' (pl) = ''language and tongue'' <font color="grey"> Ururimi mu kinyarwanda rufite ibisobanuro bibiri bitandukanye: :1 '''Ururimi''': umwanya w'umubiri ukoreshwa mu kuvanga ibiribwa mu kanwa ukozwe n'imikaya(muscles)ituma rushobora kwiheta kwihindukiza mu mpande zose igihe cy'ivanga ry'ibiryo. Iyo umuntu avuze nabwo akoresha ururimi kimwe n'indi myanya y'umuhogo yabugenewe mu gutanga ijwi. :2 '''Ururimi''': ruvugwa n'abantu cyangwa rwandikwa, kugirango babashe guhanahana amakuru. </font> {{Commons|Category:Languages}} [[Category:Uburezi]] bxucy24qkz8p0rfeprz4trw6cqa1c57 0 3527 15491 2011-01-01T13:06:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Burayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burayi]] 01h5u5ollq9rih4brysv0db7brv8g20 0 3529 73030 73029 2020-08-10T13:04:05Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Noruveje</font>]] [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Noruveje</font>]] [[File:Norway on the globe (Europe centered).svg|thumb]] '''Noruveje''' cyangwa '''Norvege''' (izina mu [[kinyanoruveji]] bokmål : ''Norge'' ; izina mu [[kinyanoruveji]] nayinorusiki : ''Noreg'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]].umurwa mukuru ni [[oslo]]. Muri Noruveje, hari imyaka cumi y’indero y’intango umwana wese ategerezwa kwiga; bisigura yuko ababyeyi bategerezwa kurungika abana babo mu mashure bakanakora kuburyo imyimenyerezo bahawe bayikora. Ishure ritoya n’ishure rikuru ritangura vyigwa kuri gusa, kandi ubutegetsi bw’agace ubamwo buriha ibitabo vy’amashure y’abana. W’umwana wabo maze bagafata ingingo niba umwana wabo azogira iki Noruveje nk’ururimi rwa mbere canke urwa kabiri. Umunyeshure ashobora guhindura akava mu ki Noruveje nk’ururimi rwa kabiri akaja mu masomo asanzwe akoresha iki Noruveje mu gihe cose azoba yiga. [[File:Cabo_Norte,_Noruega,_2019-09-03,_DD_16.jpg|thumb|Cabo Norte, Noruega, 2019-09-03, DD 16]] [[File:Iglesia_parroquial,_Geiranger,_Noruega,_2019-09-07,_DD_84-97_PAN.jpg|thumb|Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Noruveje]] qa70lxpy2h54unnw12yrnesivkfgy3t 0 3530 15505 2011-01-01T14:34:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Noruveje]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Noruveje]] 14yj3v9pggqgd0h8u3udmvu4hkhgzc9 0 3531 79190 79086 2021-08-31T11:28:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uganda_Soccer_Fan_with_the_Uganda_Flag.jpg|thumb|Abaturage ba Uganda ndetse n'abanyarwanda baturiye imipaka ihuza u Rwanda na Uganda bakoresha cyane ururimi ruzwi ku izina ry' ikinyankore.]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_President_of_Uganda.svg|thumb|Ibendera rya Uganda]] [[Dosiye:Ankole_traditional_dance_in_Western_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Imbyino gakondo ya Ankole muburengerazuba bwa Uganda]] '''Ikinyankore''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abanyankore]] na rw’[[Uganda]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''nyn'''. Abanyankore bita ururimi rwabo ''Runyankole'' cyangwa ''Runyankore''. Mu nyandiko ziza gukurikira hari aho tuza kuvuga ngo ijambo iri n’iri rifitanye isano n’ururimi rw’ikinyankore ([[abanyankore]] bita ururimi rwabo [[urunyankore]]). Ubundi twagombye kuvuga [[Runyankore-Rukiga]], mu magambo abiri ahujwe n’akarongo gatambitse. Twasanze gukoresha ariya magambo abiri byajijisha kandi icyo tugamije ari ugusobanura ku buryo bwumvikana kuri bose, ntakwibaza ibindi bibazo. Kubafite amatsiko, abakiga bita ururimi rwabo urukiga naho abanyankore bakita ururimi rwabo urunyankore. Izi ndimi zombi rero zirasa cyane, kimwe nk’[[ikinyarwanda]] n’[[ikirundi]]. == umugereka – ubuke == * '''Omunyankore''' – '''Abanyankore''' Umunyankore – Abanyankore * '''Omukiga''' – '''Abakiga''' Umukiga – Abakiga * '''omwami''' – '''abaami''' umwami – abami * '''omushaija''' – '''abashaija''' umugabo – abagabo * '''omukazi''' – '''abakazi''' umugore – abagore * '''omwana''' – '''abaana''' umwana – abwana * '''ekyenyanja''' – '''ebyenyanja''' ifi – amafi * '''ekigyere''' – '''ebigyere''' ikirenge – ibirenge * '''omukono''' – '''emikono''' ukuboko – amaboko (cyangwa ikiganza – ibiganza) * '''orurimi''' – '''endimi''' ururimi – indimi == Amagambo n’interuro mu kinyankore == * '''Ogume gye (Mugume gye, Musiibe gye)''' – Mwirirwe (cyangwa Muramuke) * '''Webare (Yebare [for singular] Mwebare)''' – Murakoze * '''amaizi''' – amazi * '''caayi''' – icyayi == Imibare == * '''emwe''' – rimwe * '''ibiri''' – kabiri * '''ishatu''' – gatatu * '''ina''' – kane * '''itaano''' – gatanu * '''mukaaga''' – gatandatu * '''mushanju''' – karindwi * '''munaana''' – umunani * '''mwenda''' – icyenda * '''ikumi''' – icumi * '''ikumi n’emwe''' – cumi na rimwe * '''(makumi) ebiri''' – makumyabiri * '''(makumi) ashatu''' – mirongo itatu * '''(makumi) ana''' – mirongo ine * '''(makumi) ataano''' – mirongo itanu * '''nkaaga''' – mirongo itandatu * '''nshanju''' – mirongo irindwi * '''kinaana''' – mirongo inani * '''kyenda''' – mirongo cyenda * '''kikumi''' – ijana * '''bibiri''' – magana abiri * '''bishatu''' – magana atatu * '''bina''' – magana ane * '''bitaano''' – magana atanu * '''rukaaga''' – magana atandatu * '''rushanju''' – magana arindwi * '''runaana''' – magana inani * '''rwenda''' – magana cyenda * '''rukumi''' – igihumbi == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20121224173351/http://mzunguuganda.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/runyankole-training.pdf [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] ei6ck4mhic2d7ncaywl8j1kl2bf6hyl 14 3532 67470 62868 2013-04-02T18:56:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8289322]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] q5z4b5vixyeat1zk8kco46rtft4wdkz 14 3533 67469 60778 2013-04-02T18:56:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7215038]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’icyalitayike]] r43699kcr83emgaprsgq029q69oxorx 0 3534 76993 76217 2021-08-05T00:29:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|burundi]] '''Ikirundi''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Abarundi]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''run'''. Ikirundi gisa n’[[Ikinyarwanda]], ururimi rw’u [[Rwanda]], n’Igiha, ururimi rwo muri [[Tanzaniya]]. == Ikirundi n’Ikinyarwanda == * '''icongereza''' icyongereza * '''canke''' cyangwa UMURINGA == Imibare == * '''rimwe''' – rimwe [[Dosiye:50_numbers,_size_12,_black-stroke.svg|thumb|Imibare ]] * '''kabiri''' – kabiri * '''gatatu''' – gatatu * '''kane''' – kane * '''gatanu''' – gatanu * '''gatandatu''' – gatandatu * '''indwi''' – karindwi * '''umunani''' – umunani * '''icenda''' – icyenda * '''on''' – cumi == Wikipediya mu kirundi == * http://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Burundi]] cejkjqikdhbysajmltuak0tutl73g6p 0 3535 81784 79239 2022-01-31T11:43:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Swahili area.gif|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igiswahili</span>]] [[File:WIKITONGUES- Iddy speaking Swahili.webm|thumb|Igiswahili]] [[Dosiye:ISO_639_Icon_sw.svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso  cy'Igiswahili]] '''Igiswahili''' cyangwa '''Igiswahiri''' (na '''igiswayili''' cyangwa '''igiswayiri''') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Ubugande]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] na [[Zayire]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''swa'''. Ururimi rw’igiswahiri ni rumwe mu ruzahuza abaturage benshi batuye mu Bihugu 5 bigeze Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba EAC aribyo u [[Burundi]] n’u [[Rwanda]]. Nubwo ibyo Bihugu bifite amateka amwe ariko bikaba bitandukanywa n’uburyo byakoronejwe, ibyo bigatuma bivuga indimi zitandukanye cyane cyane icyongereza kivugwa mu Bihugu bitatu byakoronijwe n’abongereza aribyo [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzaniya]], naho u Burundi n’u Rwanda byakoronijwe n’u [[Bubiligi]] bikavuga [[Igifaransa]], usanga ururimi rw’igiswahili ari rwo abaturage benshi abize n’abatize bahuriraho mu buzima bwa buri munsi akaba ari narwo rurimi ruvugwa cyane mu mibanire y’abatuye EAC cyane cyane urwo rurimi rukaba rukoreshwa mu bucuruzi, mu muziki, mu mikino, mu madini n’ahandi, naho [[igifaransa]] n’[[icyongereza]] bikavugwa mu buzimam mu buyobozi. Mu rwego mpuzamahanga, Igiswahili gifata intera kirushaho gukoreshwa dore ko ubu kibarirwa mu ndimi zigenda zirushaho kuvugwa n’abantu benshi cyane cyane mu nganda, ubuhahirane n’ubucuruzi. Izo mpamvu zose nizo zatumye ikinyamakuru Izuba Rirashye ryegereye Abanyarwanda batandukanye mu duce twose tw’Igihugu, mu rwego rwo kumenya uko bafata urwo rurimi n’uruhare babona rwagira mu kuzahuza abatuye EAC, dore ko unasanga Abanyarwanda batari bake bavuga Igiswahili. [[Dosiye:Kenya. c 1955.jpg|center|thumb|545x545px|bagani pole pole]] == Alfabeti y’igiswahili == Igiswahili kigizwe n'inyuguti 24 : a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z :inyajwi 5 : a e i o u :indagi 19 : b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w y z :ibihekane : dh gh kh mb mv mw nd ng ng’ nj ny nz sh th <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ch]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|ch||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Wikipediya mu giswahili == *http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo == Imiyoboro == * http://www.izuba.org.rw/index.php?issue=120&article=1725 [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Kenya]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Ubugande]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] as2firnrbycoajoufelad6bry6dy54u 0 3536 15548 2011-01-01T15:54:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiswahili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiswahili]] 1176ely96waxxrjh5ym0bdf8uc86to5 0 3537 15549 2011-01-01T15:54:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiswahili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiswahili]] 1176ely96waxxrjh5ym0bdf8uc86to5 0 3538 15550 2011-01-01T15:54:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiswahili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiswahili]] 1176ely96waxxrjh5ym0bdf8uc86to5 0 3539 77981 15563 2021-08-19T20:54:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Méliès_Eclipse_still.jpg|thumb|filimi '''Ay’urukundo''']] filimi '''Ay’urukundo''' Nk’uko twabitangarijwe na Willy Ndahiro, [[filimi]] amosozi y’urukundo yaje kwitwa Ay’urukundo mu minsi mike irerekanwa ku mugaragaro, uyu Willy akaba ariwe wayikoze afatanyije na Stave Ntasi, ni filimi imara isaha n’igice ikaba ivuga inkuru y’umusore wigaga i mahanga waje gukundwa n’umwali bahuriyeyo, umusore ntiyamukunda kubera ingeso zitari nziza uwo mwali yari afite. amasomo arangiye baratashye, umusore abenguka undi mwali wari umunyuze ariko uwo bavanye i mahanga bimutera ishyali rimukoresha ibyaje gutuma akurikiranwa n’ubuyobozi. [[Category:Filimi]] g3y69nnyqmq8s58s3xwfrz9fdd13n28 0 3540 77860 15564 2021-08-18T02:21:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:State 1995-12- Iss 394 (IA sim state-magazine 1995-12 394).pdf|thumb|firm]] '''Sekiriko''' ni [[filimi]] nyarwanda ya ''comedy'' (zimwe zisetsa abantu), imaze gukorwa na Emma entertainment God with us, ikigkorwa cyo kuyitunganye kikaba cyararangiye kuwa 23 Ugushyingo uyu mwaka. [[Category:Filimi]] fuqclaomla2eqmimyip9e0d3taw9zez 0 3541 77398 15562 2021-08-10T02:12:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Machete poster.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Machete </font>]] [[Dosiye:Machete Kills Logo.PNG|center|thumb|480x480px|machete]] '''Machete''' ni imwe muri [[filimi]] zitegerejwe cyane, ikaba izagaragara bwa mbere ku ya 3 ugushyingo uyu mwaka turimo. ikaba ari filimi iri gukorwa na [[Robert Rodriguez]] afatanije na Ethan Maniquis. bakaba baritabaje Danny Trejo, Michelle Rodriguez na Jessica Alba ku myanya y’ibanze. iyi filimi ikazaba iri mu bwoko bwa Action, ikazaba ifite igihe cy'isaha 1 n’iminota 45, aho izaba ibara inkuru y’imipanga n’umucamanza w’umunya Mexique. [[Category:Filimi]] nkcuu2118etqeeem7ntko503q9j3gfw 14 3542 65797 65112 2013-03-11T10:52:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q55321]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 0 3543 15569 2011-01-01T16:55:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 3544 79314 76503 2021-08-31T21:40:50Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hotel Rwanda movie.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Hotel Rwanda</span>]] [[File:MilleCollines.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Hôtel des Mille Collines</span>]] [[File:Rusesabagina, Paul (Whitehouse).jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Paul Rusesabagina</span>]] Ifilimi « '''Hôtel Rwanda''' » [[Paul Rusesabagina]] ni umunyarwanda uvugwa muri '''Filimi yitwa [[Hôtel Rwanda]]''' aho bavuga ko yagiriye neza impunzi zari zarahungiye muri Hotel yari akuriye yitwa Mille Collines mu gihe cya [[Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994]]. [[Dosiye:Nyamata Memorial Site 13.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|Genocide]] Amakuru dukesha urubuga rwa RNA aravuga ko uyu mugabo wakinnye muri iriya film afite [[Dosiye:Sign_at_Gate_of_Hotel_des_Mille_Collines_-_a.k.a._Hotel_Rwanda_-_Kigali_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Shyira ku Irembo rya Hotel des Mille Collines. ]] izina rya Rusesabagina Paul aho yabashije gukiza abantu batagira ingano muri [[Hôtel des Milles Collines]], nkuko bigaragara muri iyo film, azaba ari mu Rwanda kuwa 05/06/2010, akazaba ari ku munsi mpuzamahanga w’ibidukikije. Tubamenyeshe ko [[Don Cheadle]] yavuze hirya no hino ibijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, akanasaba abayobozi b’ibihugu gusinya amasezerano ajyanye no kurwanya ibyuka buhumanya ikirere, aha hakaba ariho Umuryango w’abibumbye wahereye umuha uriya mwanya w’icyubahiro. Nta gushidikanya ko filimi “Hotel Rwanda” yamenyekanishije jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994 kurusha uko ibindi bitangazamakuru byo ku isi yose byabikoze. Iyo filimi yakozwe na [[Hollywood]] igakinwa n’abakinnyi bakomeye kandi b’ibirangirire, yazengurutse isi, imenyekanisha jenoside. Mu by’ukuri ni imfashanyigisho iboneye yo kwifashisha mu gutanga amasomo kuri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi isi yose irebereye. Twari twishimiye ko Abanyaburayi, Abanyamerika, Abanyaziya n’Abanyafurika bo mu byiciro binyuranye bose bashaka kumenya jenoside, kwitandukanya n’abakoze icyo cyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu no kumenya ukuntu batereranywe n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga. Twizeraga ko ibi bizatuma ntibizongere ukundi batahwemye gusubiramo nyuma ya [[jenoside y’Abayahudi]], iba ukuri koko. Iyo filimi ivuga muri make ku mpamvu zateye jenoside, ari ukuvangura no guhindura Abatutsi ba nyirabayazana b’ibibi byose, ibi akaba ari na byo byorohereje Abahutu b’intagondwa gukora jenoside. Iyo filimi kandi igaragaza ko habayeho [[Abahutu]] b’intwari bitandukanyije n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, bakarokora bamwe mu benegihugu b’Abatutsi. Umwe muri abo bantu bavugwa akaba yaba ari Paul Rusesabagina, ugaragazwa nk’intwari muri iyo filimi. Atangira ingendo ze, Paul Rusesabagina yubahirizaga intego ya filimi, ari yo kumenyekanisha jenoside y’Abatutsi no gutandukanya abajenosideri b’Abahutu n’abandi Banyarwanda ndetse no kwemera intwari, nk’uko Rusesabagina yerekanwa muri iyo filimi. Nyamara, uko yumvaga agenda atumbagira mu ikuzo, Paul Rusesabagina yatangiye gufata undi murongo no kwigisha ibindi bintu bitandukanye n’ubworoherane n’ubwiyunge. Ubwo atangira gukwirakwiza inyigisho zipfobya/zihakana iyo jenoside yakagombye gusobanura. Uko twagiye dukurikirana ibiganiro bye, twasanze agenda ateshuka cyane ku ntego nkuru ya filimi, ibyo bikaba bishobora gushegesha imitima ya benshi, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko rwari rwaramaze kwishyiramo ko ku isi habonetse intwari nyakuri. Dore zimwe mu ngingo dushaka kugaragaza amazi atari yarenga inkombe. == Umuziki == {| class="wikitable" width=350 ! colspan=4 | |- | '''No''' | '''Izina''' | '''Length''' |- | 1 | Mama Ararira Pt. 1/Mama Ararira We!, Pt. 2 | 3:41 |- | 2 | Mwali We! | 1:09 |- | 3 | Million Voices | 4:23 |- | 4 | Interhamwe Attack | 2:48 |- | 5 | Nobody Cares | 4:12 |- | 6 | Umqombothi (African Beer) | 4:53 |- | 7 | The Road to Exile | 4:47 |- | 8 | Whispered Song | 3:06 |- | 9 | Finale | 3:02 |- | 10 | Ambush | 2:49 |- | 11 | Ne Me Laisse Pas Seule Ici | 3:33 |- | 12 | Mwari Sigaramahoro | 2:22 |- | 12 | Olugendo Lw'e Bulaya | 5:54 |- | 14 | Children Found | 1:57 |- | 15 | Icyibo | 0:49 |- |} == Imiyoboro == * [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Great-Lakes/message/1284 Paul Rusesabagina, Itwari cyangwa umutekamutwe ? Dr Jean Kamanzi, Mutarama 2006] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-4-13-4615.html Don Cheadle wakinnye film ‘Hotel Rwanda’ yagizwe ambasaderi wa Loni ushinzwe ibidukikije] [[Category:Filimi]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] m0ltwem7fyl483hhqyokyv8oyzritew 14 3545 67475 60809 2013-04-02T18:56:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7453492]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] tif2gxsa22dezywmtxd7uy27l3na15j 0 3546 77639 65795 2021-08-14T17:07:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chechnya and Caucasus.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Ceceniya</font>]] '''Igiceceni''' (izina mu giceceni: ''Нохчийн мотт'' cyangwa ''Noxçiyn mott'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abaceceni]] na rwa [[Ceceniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''che'''. == umugereka – ubuke == * '''арц''' – '''аьрцнаш''' umusozi – imisozi * '''мотт''' – '''меттанаш''' ururimi – indimi * '''бутт''' – '''беттанаш''' ukwezi – amezi * '''йоI''' – '''мехкарий''' umukobwa – abakobwa * '''бож''' – '''бежалой''' ihene – ihene * '''етт''' – '''хьелий''' inka – inka == Amagambo n’interuro mu giceceni == * '''Муха ду гIуллакхаш?''' – Amakuru? * '''Баркалла''' – Ni meza * '''ХIаъ''' – Yego * '''ХIан-хIа''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''цхьаъ''' – rimwe * '''шиъ''' – kabiri * '''кхоъ''' – gatatu * '''диъ''' – kane * '''пхиъ''' – gatanu * '''йалх''' – gatandatu * '''ворхI''' – karindwi * '''бархI''' – umunani * '''исс''' – icyenda * '''итт''' – icumi == Alfabeti y’igiceceni == {|class="wikitable" |- ! Cyrillic ! Izina ! New Latin ! Izina ! IPA |- |А а||а||A a||a||/ə/, /ɑː/ |- |Аь аь||аь||Ä ä||ä||/æ/, /æː/ |- |Б б||бэ||B b||be||/b/ |- |В в||вэ||V v||ve||/v/ |- |Г г||гэ||G g||ge||/ɡ/ |- |ГӀ гӀ||гӀа||Ġ ġ||ġa||/ɣ/ |- |Д д||дэ||D d||de||/d/ |- |Е е||е||E e||e||/e/, /ɛː/, /je/, /ie/ |- |Ё ё||ё||yo||||/jo/ etc. |- |Ж ж||жэ||Ƶ ƶ||ƶe||/ʒ/, /dʒ/ |- |З з||зэ||Z z||ze||/z/, /dz/ |- |И и||и||I i||i||/ɪ/ |- |Ий ий|| ||Ii ii ||||/iː/ |- |Й й<br />(я, ю, е)||доца и||Y y||doca i||/j/ |- |К к||к||K k||ka||/k/ |- |Ккх ккх|| ||Kk kk||||/kː/ |- |Кх кх||кх||Q q||qa||/q/ |- |Кхкх кхкх|| ||Qq qq||||/qː/ |- |Къ къ||къа||Q̇ q̇||q̇a||/qʼ/ |- |КӀ кӀ||кӀа||Kh kh||kha||/kʼ/ |- |Л л||лэ||L l||el||/l/ |- |М м||мэ||M m||em||/m/ |- |Н н||нэ||N n||en||/n/ |- |О о||о||O o||o||/o/, /ɔː/, /wo/, /uo/ |- |Оь оь||оь||Ö ö||ö||/ɥø/, /yø/ |- |П п||пэ||P p||pe||/p/ |- |Пп пп|| ||Pp pp||||/pː/ |- |ПӀ пӀ||пӀа||Ph ph||pha||/pʼ/ |- |Р р||рэ||R r||er||/r/ |- |РхӀ рхӀ|| ||Rh rh||||/r̥/ |- |С с||сэ||S s||es||/s/ |- |Сс сс|| ||Ss ss||||/sː/ |- |Т т||тэ||T t||te||/t/ |- |Тт тт|| ||Tt tt||||/tː/ |- |ТӀ тӀ||тӀа||Th th||tha||/tʼ/ |- |У у||у||U u||u||/uʊ/ |- |Ув ув|| ||Uu uu ||||/uː/ |- |Уь уь||уь||Ü ü||ü||/y/ |- |Ф ф||фэ||F f||ef||/f/ |- |Х х||хэ||X x||xa||/x/ |- |Хь хь||хьа||Ẋ ẋ||ẋa||/ʜ/ |- |ХӀ хӀ||хӀа||H h||ha||/h/ |- |Ц ц||цэ||C c||ce||/ts/ |- |ЦӀ цӀ||цӀа||Ċ ċ||ċe||/tsʼ/ |- |Ч ч||чэ||Ç ç||çe||/tʃ/ |- |ЧӀ чӀ||чӀа||Ç̇ ç̇||ç̇e||/tʃʼ/ |- |Ш ш||шэ||Ş ş||şa||/ʃ/ |- |Щ щ||щэ|| || || |- |(Ъ) ъ||чӀогӀа хьаьрк||Ə ə||ç̇oġa ẋärk||/ʔ/ |- |(Ы) ы||ы|| || || |- |(Ь) ь||кӀеда хьаьрк|| || || |- |Э э||э||E e||e||/e/ etc. |- |Ю ю||ю||yu||||/ju/ etc. |- |Юь юь||юь||yü||||/jy/ etc. |- |Я я||я||ya||||/ja/ etc. |- |Яь яь||яь||yä||||/jæ/ etc. |- |Ӏ Ӏ||Ӏа||J j||ja||/ʡ/, /ˤ/ |} == Wikipediya mu giceceni == * https://web.archive.org/web/20130424193228/http://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B3I%D0%BE [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyakokaze]] [[Category:Ceceniya]] bgatj5mcvopblba7hqty3lpw6g5ri85 0 3547 81447 78442 2022-01-31T10:51:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Europe location ABX.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Abukaziya</span>]] '''Abukaziyani''' (izina mu abukaziyani: ''аҧсуа бызшәа'' cyangwa ''аҧсшәа'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Abukaziya]] na [[Turukiya]]. == umugereka – ubuke == -қәа * '''абыраҟ''' – '''абыраҟқәа''' ibendera – amabendera * '''аҵла''' – '''аҵлақәа''' igiti – ibiti * '''аҧсыӡ''' – '''аҧсыӡқәа''' ifi – amafi * [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Turkey.]]'''ажьа''' – '''ажьақәа''' urukwavu – inkwavu == Imibare == * '''ахыҧхьаӡара''' – umubare * '''ахыҧхьаӡарақәа''' – imibare * '''акы''' – rimwe * '''ҩба''' – kabiri * '''хҧа''' – gatatu * '''ҧшьба''' – kane * '''хуба''' – gatanu * '''фба''' – gatandatu * '''быжьба''' – karindwi * '''ааба''' – umunani * '''жәба''' – icyenda * '''жәаба''' – icumi * '''жәеиза''' – cumi na rimwe * '''жәеҩа''' – cumi na kaviri * '''жәаха''' – cumi na gatatu * '''жәиҧшь''' – cumi na kane * '''жәыху''' – cumi na gatanu * '''жәаф''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''жәибжь''' – cumi na karindwi * '''жәаа''' – cumi n’umunani * '''зеижә''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''ҩажәа''' – makumyabiri * '''ҩажәеи акы''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''ҩажәеи ҩба''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''ҩажәеи хҧа''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''ҩажәеи ҧшьба''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''ҩажәеи хуба''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''ҩажәеи фба''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''ҩажәеи быжьба''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''ҩажәеи ааба''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''ҩажәеи жәба''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''ҩажәеи жәаба''' – mirongo itatu * '''ҩынҩажәа''' – mirongo ine * '''ҩынҩажәа жәаба''' – mirongo itanu * '''хынҩажәа''' – mirongo itandatu * '''хынҩажәа жәаба''' – mirongo irindwi * '''ҧшьынҩажәа''' – mirongo inani * '''ҧшьынҩажәа жәаба''' – mirongo cyenda * '''шәкы''' – ijana * '''зқьы''' – igihumbi == Alfabeti y’Icyabukaziyani == {| class="wikitable" |+ Alfabeti y’Icyabukaziyani |----- ! ! ! API |----- | А а|| a|| /a/; /aː/(< */ʕa, aʕ/) |----- | Б б|| b|| /b/ |----- | В в|| v|| /v/ |----- | Г г|| g|| /ɡ/ |----- | Гь гь|| g'|| /ɡʲ/ |----- | Гә гә|| g°|| /ɡʷ/ |----- | Ӷ ӷ|| ġ|| /ɣ ~ ʁ/ |----- | Ӷь ӷь|| ġ'|| /ɣʲ ~ ʁʲ/ |----- | Ӷә ӷә|| ġ°|| /ɣʷ ~ ʁʷ/ |----- | Д д|| d|| /d/ |----- | Дә дә|| d°|| /dʷ/ [d͡b] |----- | Е е|| e|| /ɛ/ |----- | Ж ж|| ž|| /ʐ/ |----- | Жь жь|| ž'|| /ʒ/ |----- | Жә жә|| ž°|| /ʒʷ/ |----- | З з|| z|| /z/ |----- | (Ҙ ҙ)|| || /ʑ/ |----- | Ӡ ӡ|| ʒ|| /d͡z/ |----- | Ӡә ӡә|| ʒ°|| /d͡ʑʷ/ |----- | (Ӡ’ ӡ’) || || /d͡ʑ/ |----- | И и|| i|| /j, jɨ, ɨj/ [j, jə, iː] |----- | К к|| k|| /kʼ/ |----- | Кь кь|| k'|| /kʼʲ/ |----- | Кә кә|| k°|| /kʼʷ/ |----- | Қ қ|| k̢|| /kʰ/ |----- | Қь қь|| k̢'|| /kʲʰ/ |----- | Қә қә|| k̢°|| /kʷʰ/ |----- | Ҟ ҟ|| k̄|| /qʼ/ |----- | Ҟь ҟь|| k̄'|| /qʼʲ/ |----- | Ҟә ҟә|| k̄°|| /qʼʷ/ |----- | Л л|| l|| /l/ |----- | М м|| m|| /m/ |----- | Н н|| n|| /n/ |----- | О о|| o|| /wa, aw/ [o] |----- | П п|| p|| /pʼ/ |----- | Ҧ ҧ|| ṗ|| /pʰ/ |----- | Р р|| r|| /r/ |----- | С с|| s|| /s/ |----- | (Ҫ ҫ) || || /ɕ/ |----- | Т т|| t|| /tʼ/ |----- | Тә тә|| t°|| /tʼʷ/ [tʼ͡pʼ] |----- | Ҭ ҭ|| t̢|| /tʰ/ |----- | Ҭә ҭә|| t̢°|| /tʷʰ/ [t͡pʰ] |----- | У у|| u|| /w, wɨ, ɨw/ [w, wə, uː] |----- | Ф ф|| f|| /f/ |----- | Х х|| x|| /x ~ χ/ |----- | Хь хь|| x'|| /xʲ ~ χʲ/ |----- | Хә хә|| x°|| /xʷ ~ χʷ/ |----- | (Х’ х’) || || /χ ~ χˁ/ |----- | Ҳ ҳ|| x̢|| /ħ/ |----- | Ҳә ҳә|| x̢°|| /ħʷ/ |----- | Ц ц|| c|| /t͡sʰ/ |----- | Цә цә|| c°|| /t͡ɕʷʰ/ |----- | (Ц’ ц’) || || /t͡ɕʰ/ |----- | Ҵ ҵ|| c̄|| /t͡sʼ/ |----- | Ҵә ҵә|| c̄°|| /t͡ɕʼʷ/ |----- | (Ҵ’ ҵ’) || || /t͡ɕʼ/ |----- | Ч ч|| č|| /t͡ʃʰ/ |----- | Ҷ ҷ|| č̢|| /t͡ʃʼ/ |----- | Ҽ ҽ|| ċ|| /t͡ʂʰ/ |----- | Ҿ ҿ|| ċ̨|| /t͡ʂʼ/ |----- | Ш ш|| š|| /ʂ/ |----- | Шь шь|| š'|| /ʃ/ |----- | Шә шә|| š°|| /ʃʷ/ |----- | Ы ы|| y|| /ɨ/ |----- | Ҩ ҩ|| o̩|| /ɥ ~ ɥˁ/(< */ʕʷ/) |----- | Џ џ|| ǰ|| /d͡ʐ/ |----- | Џь џь|| ǰ'|| /d͡ʒ/ |} == Wikipediya mu cyabukaziyani == * http://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ихадоу_адаҟьа [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyakokaze]] [[Category:Abukaziya]] t7hyg1ot9elu7lqcjkqvof9ha94nskx 0 3548 82544 82468 2022-04-21T19:34:02Z Rwandasound 10833 /* Inyuguti U */ wikitext text/x-wiki Amazina yabahungu mugabe [[Dosiye:Sign_language_alphabet.jpg|thumb|Inyuguti zigizwe n'inyajwi ndetse n'ingombajwi zikoreshwa mukwandi amazina y' ikinyarwanda]] == Inyuguti A == Adela; Abayo;Atete &ndash; Abewe &ndash; Abijuru; Abera ; Abeza ; Ahoraho; Abamahoro; Abariza, Abayizera; Akiduhaye; Akimana; Akizanye ; Akeza - Abayisenga Abimana & ,Aganze,Agabe,Ategeke, ,Ahwishakiye ,Amizero, Atone ,Akayisenga, Ahirwe ASIFIWE, Ariho, Aradukunda,Ashimwe, Abeho; Ategeke;Akuzwe;Agabe; Atsinde,Atuze, Areme. == Inyuguti B == Bana, Bayihiki &ndash; Bambe &ndash; Batamuriza &ndash; Bazatoha &ndash; Bazimya &ndash; Benda &ndash; Bengeza &ndash; Beraho &ndash; Bicura &ndash; Bihoyiki &ndash; Binama &ndash; Birasa &ndash; Bisamaza &ndash; Bisangwa &ndash; Biseruka &ndash; Biseseme &ndash; Bucagu &ndash; Bucyana &ndash; Bucyanayandi &ndash; Bugingo &ndash; Bugirande &ndash; Buhigiro &ndash; Bukuba &ndash; Bumari &ndash; Buregeya &ndash; Busanane &ndash; Bushayija &ndash; Busyeti &ndash; Buzizi &ndash; Bwakira &ndash; Bwankoko &ndash; Bwimba &ndash; Bwiza &ndash; Byagutunga &ndash; Byemero &ndash; Byiringiro &ndash; Byukusenge &ndash; Byusa - Bikamba - Banganirora - Bungurubwenge - Bisetsa- Bagwaneza- Benimana- Beza-Butare- Burabyo-Byose - Byirato- == Inyuguti C == Candari - Coca - Condo - Cyibukayire - Cyirima - Cyimana - Cyitatire - Cyamatare - Cyusa - Cyuzuzo - Cyogere - Cyomoro- Cyiza, cincucna ,cyubahiro, cyizere, cyimbo == Inyuguti D == Dusabane - Dusabe - Dusengimana - Dushime - Dushimire - Duhirwe - Dukunde - Dufatanye - Dusenge - Duhimana - Dukuze - Duhimbaze - Dukuzimana - Dusabamahoro [[Dosiye:Sign_language_alphabet_(4).jpg|thumb|imibare yerekana uko Inyajwi n' ingombajwi bikurikirana mu myandikire yemewe y' ikinyarwanda]] == Inyuguti E == Emera - Emerimana- Erura == Inyuguti F == Fungamuka - Furuma - Furaha - Fulani - Feza - Fungaroho - Fatuma - fufu == Ganza == Gatare - Gahamanyi - Gahirima - Gabiro - Gatete - Gatesi - Gatoni - Gakwaya - Gahizi - Gashugi - Gakwerere - Gusenga - Ganza - Gatoya- Gahozo - Gwiza - Gabirwa - Gatera - Gahigi - Gatabazi - Gaju - Gashayija - Gakwavu - Gapira - Gasasu - Gatarayiha - Gasabo - Gahigiro - Gakwaya - Gatanazi- Gatera - Gatoya - Gakuru - Gisa- Gwizimpundu - Gwizinkindi - Gasarabwe - Gihozo - Gihana - Giramata - Gasore - Gasana - Gasagamba - Gashumba - Gakuba == Inyuguti H == Habanabakize,habarurema, Habinshuti, Habyarimana, Hagenimana, Habimana, Haguma,Hagumimana, Hakizabera,Hakizamungu,Hakizimana,Hakorimana, Harerimana,Havugimana, Hitimana -Hategekimana Habanabashaka-Hitayezu-Hitiyaremye-Harebamungu-Higiro-Haguminshuti- Hirwa, == Inyuguti I == Ishyo, Ishimwe, Iranzi, Iradukunda,Izabayo, Indebere, Ikuzwe, Impano,Irakoze, Izere, Ineza, Isimbi, Iriza, Isaro, isheja,Iriho Ihimbazwe, Iriho, Izabayo, Imanishimwe, Iranzi, Izibyose, Iyadukunze, Irimaso, Irinatwe, Ingabire,Ihorere Ishami,Ijabo,Ishya,Inema,Imena, Ingeri,Inganji, Ihoza,Ihumure,Ihogoza,Ingenzi, Intsinzi, Irafasha, Ineza, Irabona, Iradukunda, Isingizwe, Iganze, Ihogoza == Inyuguti K == Kabagambe (m) &ndash; Kabahita (m) &ndash; Kabalisa (m) &ndash; Kabanda (m) &ndash; Kabandahe (m) &ndash; Kabandana (m) &ndash; Kabango (m) &ndash; Kabano (m) &ndash; Kabarira (m) &ndash; Kabatsi (m) &ndash; Kabayita (m) &ndash; Kabayiza (m) &ndash; Kabeja &ndash; Kabengera (m) &ndash; Kabera (m) &ndash; Kabibi (m) &ndash; Kabukwisi (m) &ndash; Kaburame (m) &ndash; Kabuto &ndash; Kadamari (f) &ndash; Kagaba (m) &ndash; Kagabo (m) &ndash; Kagaju (m) &ndash; Kagambage (m) &ndash; Kagame &ndash; Kagame (m) &ndash; Kageruka (m) &ndash; Kageza (m) &ndash; Kagoro (m) &ndash; Kagoyire (m) &ndash; Kagurukiza (m) &ndash; Kagwenyonga (f) &ndash; Kalisa (m) &ndash; Kamabera (f) &ndash; Kamagaju (f) &ndash; Kamali (m) &ndash; Kamanzi (m) &ndash; Kamariza (f) &ndash; Kamasa (m) &ndash; Kamatali (m) &ndash; Kambayire (f) Kamegeri (m) &ndash; Kamikazi ,Kami(f)(f) Kamiya (m) &ndash; Kamondo (f) &ndash; Kamongi (m/f) &ndash; Kampayana (m) &ndash; Kampirwa (f) &ndash; Kampire(f) Kampogo (f) &ndash; Kamugema (m) &ndash; Kamugire (f) &ndash; Kamugunga (m) &ndash; Kamuzinzi (m) &ndash; Kamwenubusa (m) &ndash; Kana (m) &ndash; Kanamugire (m) &ndash; Kanayoge (m) &ndash; Kandagaye (m) &ndash; Kandeke (m) &ndash; Kandekwe (m) &ndash; Kangeyo (f) Kangabe(f)&ndash; Kanimba ,(m) &ndash; Kankera (f) &ndash; Kankuyo (f) &ndash; Kankwanzi (f) &ndash; Kanobana (m) &ndash; Kantamati (f) &ndash; Kantengwa (f) &ndash; Kanyamahanga (m) &ndash; Kanyamanza (m) &ndash; Kanyambuga (m) &ndash; Kanyamugenge (m) &ndash; Kanyangira &ndash; Kanyarengwe (m) &ndash; Kanyarutoke (m) &ndash; Kanyemera (m) &ndash; Kanyenzi (m) &ndash; Kanzayire (Cyanzayire) &ndash; Karamuka(m) &ndash; Karake (m) &ndash; Karama (m) &ndash; Karambizi (m) &ndash; Karangwa (m) &ndash; Karangirwa(m,f) Karani (m) &ndash; Karege (m) &ndash; Karegeya (m) &ndash; Karekezi (m) &ndash; Karema (m) &ndash; Karemangingo (m) &ndash; Karengera (m) &ndash; Karenzi (m) &ndash; Karenzo (m) &ndash; Karera (m) &ndash; Karikurubu (m) &ndash; Karima (m) &ndash; Karinganire (m) &ndash; Karinijabo (m) &ndash; Karuranga (m) &ndash; Karuretwa (m) &ndash; Karyabwite &ndash; Katabarwa (m) &ndash; Kataka &ndash; Kataramuka (m) &ndash; Kavaruganda(m) &ndash; Kavuna &ndash; Kavuna (n) &ndash; Kavutse (m) &ndash; Kayabo (m) &ndash; Kayibanda (m) &ndash; Kayigi (m) &ndash; Kayigumire (m) &ndash; Kayihunda (m) &ndash; Kayihura (m) &ndash; Kayijamahe (m) &ndash; Kayijuka &ndash; Kayijuka (m) &ndash; Kayinamura &ndash; Kayiranga (m) &ndash; Kayirebwa (f) &ndash; Kayishema (m) &ndash; Kayisinga (m/f) &ndash; Kayisire (f) &ndash; Kayitaba (m) &ndash; Kayitakibwa (m) &ndash; Kayitana &ndash; Kayitankore (m) &ndash; Kayitare &ndash; Kayiranga(m)Karangwa(m) Kayitakire Kayitesi (f) &ndash; Kayitsinga &ndash; Kayonde (m) &ndash; Kayonga (m) &ndash; Kayumba (m) &ndash; Kibuye (m) &ndash; Kidedeli &ndash; Kimanuka &ndash; Kimenyi (m) &ndash; Kimizi (m) &ndash; Kimonyo (m) &ndash; Kinyoni (m) &ndash; Kirazi (m) &ndash; Kiroha (m) &ndash; Kiromba (m) &ndash; Komeza &ndash; Kurazikubone &ndash; Kwizera KAMANAYO&ndash; Karamira, Karasira Kimuri, Kwihangana ,KAMIRINDI,Kageme, Kalitanyi, Kalisa, Kamariza, Kamikazi,Kawera(f) - Kamana (m) == Inyuguti L == Linguyeneza - Linganwa - Liboneye - Liza ''Italic text''== Inyuguti M == Mabano (m) &ndash; Mafene (m) &ndash; Maganya (m) &ndash; Magayane(m) &ndash; Mageza (m) &ndash; Makombe (m) &ndash; Makuza (m) &ndash; Mambo (m) - Manzi (m) &ndash; Masabo (m) &ndash; Mashira (m) &ndash; Matabaro (m) &ndash; Matata (m) &ndash; Matene (m) &ndash; Mavugabandi (m) &ndash; Mazimpaka (m) &ndash; Mbanda (m) &ndash; Mbarutso (m) &ndash; Mberabahizi Mbishibishi (m) &ndash; Mbungira (m) &ndash; Mfuruta (m) &ndash; Miburo (m) &ndash; Migabo (m) &ndash; Migezo (m) &ndash; Minega (m) &ndash; Mirasano (m); Mirimba (m) &ndash; Miseke (m) &ndash; Mpambara (m) Mpabuka(m) &ndash; Mpitabakana (m) &ndash; Mpogazi (m) &ndash; Muberuka (m) &ndash; Mucumangendo (f) &ndash; Mucyo (f) &Nash; Mudenge (m) &ndash; Mugabukenga (m) &ndash; Mugabushaka (m) &ndash; Mugarura (m) &ndash; Mugenzi (m) &ndash; Mugemahica (m) &ndash; Mugemana (m) &ndash; Mugemanshuro (m) &ndash; Muhakwa (m) &ndash; Muhigirwa (m) &ndash; Muhikira (m) &ndash; Muhimpundu (f) &ndash; Muhire (m) &ndash; Muhirwa (m) &ndash; Muhongeshanseko (f) &ndash; Muhongerere (f) &ndash; Muhongerwa (f) &ndash; Muhorakeye (f) &ndash; Mujijima (m) &ndash; Mujinya (m) &ndash; Mukabagire (f) &ndash; Mukama (m) &ndash; Mukamisha (f) &ndash; Mukamugema (f) &ndash; Mukamusana (f) &ndash; Mukamusoni (f) &ndash; Mukamuyango (f) &ndash; Mukandamage (f) &ndash; Mukangamije (f) &ndash; Mukansanga (f) &ndash; Mukantagara (f) &ndash; Mukanyangezi (f) &ndash; Mukanyarwaya (f) &ndash; Mukanyemazi (f) &ndash; Mukanyonga (f) &ndash; Mukarage (m) &ndash; Mukaremera (f) &ndash; Mukarutabana (f) &ndash; Mukarutesi (f) &ndash; Mukaruziga (f) &ndash; Mukazayire (f) &ndash; Mukiga (m) &ndash;Mukunzi Mukurira (m) &ndash; Mukuralinda (m) &ndash; Mukwende (m) &ndash; Mukwiye (m) &ndash; Mulenzi (m) &ndash; Mulindabigwi (m) mulindwa &ndash; Munana (m) &ndash; Munanira (m) &ndash; Mundere (m) &ndash; Munyagasheke (m) &ndash; Munyakarambi (m) &ndash; Munyakayanza (m) &ndash; Munyampundu (m) &ndash; Munyandamutsa (m) &ndash; Munyangoga (m) &ndash; Munyangango/Munyengango (m) &ndash; Munyanziza (m) &ndash; Munyaneza (m) &ndash; Munyarigoga (m) &ndash; Munyanyebinja (m) &ndash; Munyentwali (m) &ndash; Munyeragwe (m) &ndash; Munyeshuri (m) &ndash; Munyeshyaka (m) &ndash; Munyeshya (f) &ndash; Munyeyinga (m) &ndash; Munyinya (m) &ndash; Mupagasi (m) Murame (m) &ndash; Murangamirwa (f) &ndash; Murangira (m) &ndash; Murara (m) &ndash; Murasandonyi (m) &ndash; Murekatete (f) &ndash; Murekezi (m) &ndash; Murera Mureramanzi- Murutamanga (m) &ndash; Musafiri (m) &ndash; Musaniwabo (m/f) &ndash; Musabyimana (m) &ndash; Museruka (m) &ndash; Musinga (m) &ndash; Musomakweli (m) &ndash; Musonera (m) &ndash; Musoni (m) &ndash; Musheshembugu (f) &ndash; Mushonganono (f) &ndash; Mutabagisha (m) &ndash; Mutabaruka (m) &ndash; Mutambarungu (m/f) &ndash; Mutambuka (m) &ndash; Mutamuriza (f) &ndash; Mutagawa (m) &ndash; Mutagisha (m) &ndash; Mutangana (m) &ndash; Mutatsinema (f) &ndash; Mutara (m) &ndash; Muteteri (f) &ndash; Mutegwaraba(f) &ndash; Mutumwambazi (f) &ndash; Mutumwinka (f) &ndash; Mutungirehe (m) &ndash; Muvunyi (m) &ndash; Muyenzi (m) &ndash; Muzungu (f,m) Mwemezi (m) &ndash; Mwerekande (m) &ndash; Mwiza (f) &ndash; Mbonyebyombi(M) &ndash; Munyabarenzi &ndash; Mihigo &ndash; Manzi &ndash; Mahoro &ndash; Mugwaneza &ndash; Marara &ndash; Maniraho &ndash; Muhawenayo &ndash; Mugenga &ndash; Muheto &ndash; Niyigena Naho (m) &ndash; Nayigiziki (m) &ndash; Ncamihigo (m) &ndash; Ndabakenga (m) &ndash; Ndabambalire (f) &ndash; Ndagije (m) &ndash; Ndagijimana (m) &ndash; Ndahindurwa (m) &ndash; Ndahiro (m) &ndash; Ndakaza (m) &ndash; Ndakorerwa (m) &ndash; Ndamage (m) &ndash; Ndangamyambi (m) &ndash; Ndanguza (m) &ndash; Ndateba (m) &ndash; Ndayambaje (m) &ndash; Ndayisenga (m) &ndash; Ndayitabi (m) &ndash; Ndayizigiye (m) &ndash; Ndekezi (m) &ndash; Ndengejeho (m) &ndash; Ndikumwenayo (m) Ndimbati (m) &ndash; Ndimukaga (m) &ndash; Ndimurwango (m) &ndash; Ndinda (m) &ndash; Ndizeye (m) &ndash; Ndongo (m) &ndash; Ndori (m) &ndash;Ndorimana(m) - Ndorindagiye - Ndungutse (m) &ndash; Ngabo (m) &ndash; Ngabonzima (m) &ndash; Ngaboyisonga (m) &ndash; Ngamije (m) &ndash; Ngango (m) &ndash; Ngarambe (m) &ndash; Ngarure (m) &ndash; Ngegera (m) &ndash; Ngendandumwe (m) &ndash; Ngirabakunzi (m) &ndash; Ngiruwonsanga (m) &ndash; Ngoga (m) &ndash; Ngomanzungu (m) &ndash; Ngurumbe (m) &ndash; Ni(yi)bizi (m) &ndash; Ni(yi)shaka (m) &ndash; Niyitegeka (m) &ndash; Nibishaka (m) &ndash; Nicyolibera (m) &ndash; Nijimbere (m) &ndash; Nikwigize (m) &ndash; Niyo (u) &ndash; Niyonzima (m) &ndash; Nkangabeshi(m) &ndash; Nkangabarashi(m) Nkera (m) &ndash; Nkerabera (m) &ndash; Nkerabigwi (m) &ndash; Nkeragasani (m) &ndash; Nkeragusenga (m) &ndash; Nkeragutabara (m) &ndash; Nkerahayo (m) &ndash; Nkeramahame (m) &ndash; Nkeramigambi (m) &ndash; Nkeramihigo (m) &ndash; Nkeramugaba (m) &ndash; Nkerarugira (m) &ndash; Nkeratabaro (m) &ndash; Nkezabera (m) &ndash; Nkomati (m) &ndash; Nkongori (m) &ndash; Nkoronko (m) &ndash; Nkotanyi (m) &ndash; Nkubiri (m) &ndash; Nkubito (m) &ndash; Nkundabakize (m) &ndash; Nkuranga (m) &ndash; Nkurunziza (m) &ndash; Nkusi (m) &ndash; Nsabimana (m) &ndash; Nsanzabaganwa (m) &ndash; Nsanzabera (m) &ndash; Nsanze (m) &ndash; Nsanzurwimo (m) &ndash; Nsekalije (m) &ndash; Nsenga (m) &ndash; Ntigura Nsengimana (m) &ndash; Nsengiyumva (m) &ndash; Nshogozabahizi (m) &ndash; Nshuti (m) &ndash; Ntabahwana (m) &ndash; [[:en:Dr_Venant_Ntabomvura|Ntabomvura]] (m) &ndash; Ntabyera (m) &ndash; Ntaganda &ndash; Ntaganda (m) &ndash; Ntagara (m) &ndash; Ntagugura (m) &ndash; Ntahobari (m) &ndash; Ntakamaro (m) &ndash; Ntakavuro (m) &ndash; Ntamabyariro (m) &ndash; Ntamahungiro (m) &ndash; Ntamakemwa (m) &ndash; Ntamavukiro (m) &ndash; Ntambabazi (m/f) &ndash; Ntambara (m) &ndash; Ntampuhwe (m) &ndash; Ntandayera (m) &ndash; Ntango (m) &ndash; Ntashamaje (m/f) &ndash; Ntawe (m) &ndash; Nteturuye (m) &ndash; Nteziryayo (m) &ndash; Ntibenda (m) &ndash; Ntibihangana (m) &ndash; Ntidendereza (m) &ndash; Ntigashira (m) &ndash; Ntijyinama (m) &ndash; Ntirushwa (m) &ndash; Ntukamazina (m) &ndash; Ntukanyagwe (m) &ndash; Ntuyahaga (m) &ndash; Nyabunyana (f) &ndash; Nyabyenda (m) &ndash; Nyagahakwa (m) &ndash; Nyagakecuru (f) &ndash; Nyagasaza(m) &ndash; Nyagatare (m) &ndash; Nyagisaza (m) &ndash; Nyakabwa (m) &ndash; Nyakarashi (m) &ndash; Nyakazungu (m) &ndash; Nyamacumu (m) &ndash; Nyamadigi (m) &ndash; Nyaminani (m) &ndash; Nyampame &ndash; Nyampinga (f) &ndash; Nyamubi (m) &ndash; Nyamucenshera (m) &ndash; Nyamutezi (m) &ndash; Nyamwasa &ndash; Nyandwi (m) &ndash; Nyanebyiri (m) &ndash; Nyangezi &ndash; Nyanzira (m) &ndash; Nyaritwa (m) &ndash; Nyatanyi (m)- Nyarwa(m)&ndash; Nyemazi (m) &ndash; Nyetera (m) &ndash; Nyinawisugi(f) &ndash; Nyinawumuntu(f) &ndash; Nyirabaritonda(f) &ndash; Nyirabundibundi (f) &ndash; Nyirahuku (f/m) &ndash; Nyirahwandari (f) &ndash; Nyirahwehwe (f) &ndash; Nyirakigeri (f) &ndash; Nyirakigwene (f) &ndash; Nyiramashashi (f) &ndash; Nyiramavugo (f) &ndash; Nyiramongi (f) &ndash; Nyiramugwahashashe (f) &ndash; Nyiramugwera (f) &ndash; Nyirankera (f) &ndash; Nyirankomo (f) &ndash; Nyirantamati (f) &ndash; Nyirawera (f) &ndash; Nyirayuhi (f) &ndash; Nyirimbirima (f) &ndash; Nyiriminega (f) &ndash; Nyirimiringa (f) &ndash; Nyirindekwe (m) &ndash; Nyiringabo (m) &ndash; Nyiringango (m) &ndash; Nyiringondo &ndash; Nyiringondo (m) &ndash; Nyirinkindi (m) &ndash; Nyirinkwaya (m) &ndash; Nzabamwita &ndash; Nzabanita &ndash; Nzabonariba (m) &ndash; Nzabonimana &ndash; Nzamba (m) &ndash; Nzamwita (m) &ndash; Nzanana (m) &ndash; Nzaramba (m) &ndash; Nzarubara (m) &ndash; Nzayihorana (m) &ndash; Nzigamasabo (m) &ndash; Nzigira (m) &ndash; Nzira (m) &ndash; Nziraguseswa (m) &ndash; Nzirorera (m) &ndash;Nzayisenga - Ntawumenya == Inyuguti O == Ongera &ndash; Ohereza Nakure == Inyuguti R == Rangira (m) &ndash; Rebero (m) &ndash; Rekeraho (m) &ndash; Ribakare (m) &ndash; Ribanje (m) &ndash; Ribarabaje (m) &ndash; Ribaye (m) &ndash; Ringuyeneza (m) &ndash; Rinigumugabo (m) &ndash; Rizinde &ndash; Rizinde (m) &ndash; Rubaduka (m) &ndash; Rubagenga (m) &ndash; Rubagumya (m) &ndash; Rubambura (m) Ruba<ref>Rwanda traditional</ref>nda (m) &ndash; Rubangisa (m) &ndash; Rubangura (m) &ndash; Rubashamuheto (m) &ndash; Rubayiza &ndash; Ruberanziza (m) &ndash; Ruberwa (m) &ndash; Rubibi (m) &ndash; Ruboneka (m) &ndash; Rubuye (m) &ndash; Rucekeri (m) &ndash; Rucinya (m) &ndash; Rucogoza (m) &ndash; Rudacogora (m) &ndash; Rudahigwa (m) &ndash; Rudakemwa (m) &ndash; Rudasingwa (m) &ndash; Rudasumbwa (m) &ndash; by Rudatsikira (m) &ndash; Rufagari (m) &ndash; Rufali (m) &ndash; Rufuku (m) &ndash; Rugamba (m) &ndash; Rugege (m) &ndash; Rugemintwaza (m) &ndash; Rugerimisare (m) &ndash; Rugerinyange (m) &ndash; Rugero (both); Rugina (m) &ndash; Rugira (m) &ndash; Rugiramasasu (m) &ndash; Rugoboka (m) &ndash; Rugomwa (m) &ndash; Rugumire (m) &ndash; Ruhabura (m); Ruhama (m)- Ruhamiliza (m) &ndash; Ruhamya(m)-Ruhamyambuga (m) &ndash; Ruhamyandekwe (m) &ndash; Ruhashya (m) &ndash; Ruhinankiko (m) &ndash; Ruhorahoza &ndash; Ruhorahoza (m) &ndash; Ruhumuliza (m) &ndash; Rujindiri (m) &ndash; Rugandura(m) &ndash; Rukabu (m) &ndash; Rukara (m) &ndash; Rukeba (m) &ndash; Rukebesha (m) &ndash; Rukemampunzi &ndash; Rukeribuga (m) &ndash; Rukikamoso (m) &ndash; Rukimirana (m) &ndash; Rulinda (m) &ndash; Rumanyinka (m) &ndash; Rumiya (m) &ndash; Runuya (m) &ndash Rupali (m) &ndash; Rurangirwa (m) &ndash; Ruremesha (m) &ndash; Ruribikiye (m) &ndash; Rusagara (m) &ndash; Rusangwa (m) &ndash; Rusatsi (m) &ndash; Rushemeza (m) &ndash; Rushingabigwi (m) &ndash; Rushonda (m) &ndash; Rusiha (m) &ndash; Rutagarama (m) &ndash; Rutagayisasa (m) &ndash; Rutagengwa (m) &ndash; Rutagiragahu (m) &ndash; Rutanga (m) &ndash; Rutaremara (m) &ndash; Rutarindwa (m) &ndash; Rutayisire (m) &ndash; Rutebuka (m) &ndash; Rutegamihigo (m) &ndash; Rutegera (m) &ndash; Rutenderi (m) &ndash; Ruterandongozi (m) &ndash; Ruti (m) &ndash; Rutinywa (m) &ndash; Rutirwicyugu (m) &ndash; Rutiyomba (m) &ndash; Rutsindintwarane (m) &ndash; Rugwiro(m) Rutsinga &ndash; Ruvunantwali (m) &ndash; Ruvusha (m) &ndash; Ruzibiza (m) &ndash; Ruzindana &ndash; Ruzindana (m) &ndash; Rwabigwi (m) &ndash; Rwabugiri &ndash; Rwabugiri (m) &ndash; Rwabukumba &ndash; Rwabukwisi (m) &ndash; Rwabutogo &ndash; Rwabutogo (m) &ndash; Rwabyuma (m) &ndash; Rwagafirita (m) &ndash; Rwagaju (m) &ndash; Rwagasana (m) &ndash; Rwagasore (m) &ndash; Rwagatare (m) &ndash; Rwajekuruha (m) &ndash; Rwakayiru (m) &ndash; Rwakigarama (m) &ndash; Rwalinda (m) &ndash; r Rwamakuba (m) &ndash; Rwamasirabo (m) &ndash; Rwampungu &ndash; Rwamu (m) &ndash; Rwamuhizi (m) &ndash; Rwamulinda (m) &ndash; Rwamuningi &ndash; Rwamurindi &ndash; Rwangombwa (m) &ndash; Rwanyagasore (m) &ndash; Rwasa (m) &ndash; Rwasamanzi (m) &ndash; Rwasibo (m) &ndash; Rwasubutare (m) &ndash; Rwego (m) &ndash; Rwema (m) &ndash; Rwibutso (m ); Rwidegembya (m) &ndash; Rwigema &ndash; Rwigema (m) &ndash; Rwigemera &ndash; Rwigemera (m) &ndash; Rwirungu (m) &ndash; Rwitsibagura (m) &ndash; rrr Rwiyamirira (m) &ndash; Rwogera (m) &ndash; Rwubahuka (m) &ndash; Rwubusisi &ndash; Rwubusisi (m) &ndash; Ryabonyende (m) &ndash; Ryamukuru (m) &ndash; Ryangombe (m) &ndash; Ryumugabe (m) &ndash; Ruzagiriza (m) &ndash; Rusengamihigo (m) &ndash; Ruzibiza (m) &ndash; Rwamamara- Rutagarama; Rumuri == Inyuguti S == Sano - Sakindi &ndash; Sendashonga &ndash; semaramba Semugeshi &ndash; Serundari &ndash; Sekabanza &ndash; Simburudari &ndash; Sakindi (m) &ndash; Samukondo (m) &ndash; Samvura (m) &ndash; Sangwa (m) &ndash; Saro (f) &ndash; Sayinzoga (m) &ndash; Sebatigita (m) &ndash; Sebera (m) &ndash; Sebununguri (m) &ndash; Seburikoko (m) &ndash; Sebuto (m) &ndash; Secyavu (m) &ndash; Secyugu (m) &ndash; Sedogo (m) &ndash; Sefuku (m) &ndash; Sekanyambo (m) &ndash; Sekida (m) &ndash; Sekinanka (m) &ndash; Semahe (m) &ndash; Semajege (m) &ndash; Semavenge (m) &ndash; Seminega (m) &ndash; Semuhanuka (m) &ndash; Semukanya (m) &ndash; Sendagari (m) &ndash; Sendarasi (m) &ndash; Sendashonga (m) &ndash; Sendinga (m) &ndash; Sengoro (m) &ndash; Senguge (m) &ndash; Sentabyo (m) &ndash; Sentashya (m) &ndash; Senteteri (m) &ndash; Senyabuzana (m) &ndash; Senyamadari (m) &ndash; Senyamibwa (m) &ndash; Senyana (m) &ndash; Senyanzobe (m) &ndash; Senyombyi (m) &ndash; Serubuga (m) &ndash; Serudonyori (m) &ndash; Serugarukiramfizi (m) &ndash; Serukenyinkware (m) &ndash; Seruvumba (m) &ndash; Sesonga (m) &ndash; Setukuru (m) &ndash; Sezibera (m) &ndash; Sezirahiga (m) &ndash;Shami (m) Simbiyara (m) &ndash; Sindayigaya (m) &ndash; Sindikubwabo (m) &ndash; Singirankabo (m) &ndash; Sisi (m) &ndash; Sibo (m)&ndash; Siridiyo (m)&ndash; Sindikubwabo (m)&ndash; Siboyintore (m)&ndash; Simbizi (m)&ndash; Subika (m) &ndash; Sunzu (m) &ndash; Shami(m)- Shamukiga (m) &ndash; Sharangabo (m) &ndash; Shumbusho (m) &ndash; Sheja (m)- Shema (m) &ndash; Shenge(f)- Shumbusho (m) &ndash; Shyaka (m) &ndash; Shyerezo (m) &ndash; Shyirambere (m) &ndash; Shamika (f)-Songa (m)-Sangano (m) == Inyuguti T == Tegera - Tumwizere -Twagirayezu - Twagirumukiza - Twagirimana - Twahirwa - Twambaze - Tumushime - Tuyirate - Tuyisenge - Tuyishime - Turabumukiza-(f) - Teta - Tuyisabe Twamugize- Twayigize == Inyuguti U == Udahemuka (m) &ndash; Ufitinema (f)- Ugirimfura (m) &ndash; Ukobizaba (m) &ndash; Umuberwa (f) &ndash; Umukumburwa(f) Umugaba (f) &ndash; Umugwaneza (f) &ndash; Umuhire ( f) Umulisa (f) &ndash; Umutangampundu (f) &ndash; Umutesi (f) &ndash; Unyuzimfura (m) &ndash; Uramukiwe (m) &ndash; Uwumugisha (f) Urayeneza (m) &ndash; Urujeni (f) &ndash; Ushizimpumu (f) &ndash; Uwabandi (f) &ndash; Uwajeneza (u) &ndash; Uwamahoro (f) &ndash; Uwanyirigira (f) &ndash; Uwashema (f); Uwayo (u) &ndash; Uwibambe (f/m) &ndash; Uwihanganye (m) &ndash; Uwingabire (f) &ndash; Uwishema (m) &ndash; Uwitonze-(f)Umutoniwase (f) Umutoniwabo (f) &ndash; Uwonizeye (f) &ndash; Umubyeyi (f) &ndash; Umurungi (f) &ndash; Uwizeye &ndash; Usanase &ndash; Uwimpundu &ndash; Ufitinema &ndash; Uwamaliya (f) &ndash; Umumararungu (f) &ndash; Uwisheja (f) &ndash; Uwimana (m/f) &ndash; Uwihirwe (f) &ndash; Uwera (f) &ndash; Uwankana &ndash; Uwayo_Uwingoma Uwabera(m) == Imiyoboro == U[https://web.archive.org/web/20100920233949/http://www.rwandanames.n.nu/ rwandanames.n.nu] [[Category:Kinyarwanda]] djl81lil7q1jnkzw7tm8yj63z608vax 0 3549 77371 76194 2021-08-10T00:48:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|thumb|rwandan]] Dr. '''Alexandre Kimenyi''' [[avuka]] i [[Rwanda]]. Ni umwe mu bagize amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri makuru mu gihe cye. Mu mwaka w’1971 nibwo yagiye kwiga muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]]. Ntiyabashije kugaruka mu Rwanda, bityo n’abo yahasize ntibongeye guhura nawe ukundi, benshi muri bo bahitanywe na Jenoside. Yaje kubona ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, akomerezayo imirimo ye nk’umwarimu w’indimi n’Ubuvanganzo. Mu buzima bwe, yafashe umwanya munini wo gutekereza, kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku mahano n’ubugome ndengakamere ikiremwamuntu kigirira ikindi hirya no hino ku isi. Yatangiye no gutegura inyigisho (''courses/lectures'') zibyerekeyeho. Yanyuze mu nzira z’inzitane kugira ngo abashe kurangiza amashuri ye nk’uko yabyifuzaga. == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.igihe.com/news-3-3-5411.html Uwo mudahuje ibitekerezo si umwanzi, mutege ugutwi- Umurage dusigiwe na Prof KIMENYI] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kimenyi, Alexandre}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 60mgfec5wo4479u4a01x1oij5lghs5s 0 3550 15613 2011-01-01T23:55:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Alexandre Kimenyi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alexandre Kimenyi]] 6o7jolbmq1xtn88967lawfmpe7cegtx 14 3551 67166 62521 2013-03-14T05:48:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 31 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6993116]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] rueioindpcc2i5fo9bcpmlx45ctyr2x 0 3552 82289 79140 2022-03-18T11:10:10Z Amherst99 1713 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mordovia03.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikimokisha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Валда ян 1928-02 16стр.jpg|thumb|ikimokisha]] [[Dosiye:Колхозонь_эряф_1940-03_39стр.jpg|thumb|Ikimokisha]] '''Ikimokisha''' (izina mu kimokisha: ''мокшень кяль'' cyangwa ''mokshanj kälj'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abamokisha]] na rwa [[Morodoviya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''mdf'''. == Alfabeti y’ikimokisha == Ikimokisha kigizwe n’inyuguti 33 : а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == *'''ляй''' &ndash; '''ляйхть''' uruzi &ndash; inzuzi *'''кал''' &ndash; '''калхт''' ifi &ndash; amafi *'''кяль''' &ndash; '''кяльхне''' ururimi &ndash; indimi *'''пине''' &ndash; '''пинет''' imbwe &ndash; imbwe *'''нармонь''' &ndash; '''нармоттне''' inyoni &ndash; inyoni == Amagambo n'interuro mu kimokisha == * '''Кода тонь лемце?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Монь лемозе ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Пара азан''' – Murakoze * '''Пара''' – Meza * '''Ина / Эле''' – Yego * '''Аш''' – Oya * '''аля''' &ndash; umugabo * '''ава''' &ndash; umugore * '''лем''' &ndash; izina * '''куд''' &ndash; inzu * '''лофца''' &ndash; amata * '''акша''' &ndash; umweru == Imibare == * '''фкя''' &ndash; rimwe * '''кафта''' &ndash; kabiri * '''колма''' &ndash; gatatu * '''ниле''' &ndash; kane * '''вете''' &ndash; gatanu * '''кота''' – gatandatu * '''сисем''' – karindwi * '''кафкса''' – umunani * '''вейхкса''' – icyenda * '''кемонь''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kimokisha == *http://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Пря_лопа [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Morodoviya]] lby2avkmxdua6zzhjqit3hc2dyux5uy 0 3553 78033 36060 2021-08-20T03:09:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Umuvugizi: The Voice of Rwanda [[Dosiye:MEDFLAG 2010, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, September 2010 (5029396833).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|umuvugizi wigisirikare]] '''Umuvugizi''' is a Rwandan satiric news source. It is a Kinyarwanda bi-monthly newspaper and instant publishing website in both Kinyarwanda and English featuring satirical and sensational articles almost exclusively on political issues and events in Rwanda. Umuvugizi started as a highly critical newspaper but became increasingly erratic and satirical against the Rwandan government, its leadership and the president. Together with its sister newspaper, Umuseso, the main focus of their articles was that there was going to be another genocide soon, that Rwanda was undermining the security of its neighbours, that military coups in the country were eminent and so on. It was temporarily suspended in 2010 by the Rwandan Media High Council for "inciting public disorder" and defamation in breach of the media law, and its editor was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison by the Supreme Court on the same charges. Since last year (2010) Umuvugizi publishes its satirical articles mostly on its website and its English page started in June 2011. Umuvugizi articles mix both fictional, imagined and real events in and about Rwanda or any world news and information and uses them to justify its claims about leadership failure in the country, conspiracies about leadership corruption, murders and attempted murders by the country's political and military leadership, calls for civil war to change the regime, instilling fear among its readers encouraging Rwandans to flee the country, dissuading Rwandan refugees from returning to their country especially those who live in Europe and the USA etc. It prefaces all its articles as information from "credible sources". It has recently started to post fictional audio recordings on its website about assassination attempts by the government against its opponents and claims it sources the audio records and other stories from anonymous Rwandan "intelligence agents" and other sources it always does not name "for security reasons." Umuvugizi articles capitalise on "analysis" - explaining and predicting news and events in Rwanda and never revisits its false claims when the events it tries to link to each other later prove untrue as is always the case. The reach of its current readership is not known, but the news source is ALWAYS critical of the Rwandan government and ALWAYS promotes the views and agenda of foreign and local critics, opposition groups and individuals against Rwanda, and most especially its leadership and politics. It is also not known if its Rwandan and foreign readership are aware of its highly satirical nature that is saturated with overt elements of rogue political mobilisation. 4819mre778x7mvsfocp16x76lynnf0c 0 3554 81791 79449 2022-01-31T11:44:32Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = [[File:Gorilla mother and baby at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|206x206px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gore n’umwana) mu Rwanda</span>]] [[File:Ingagi_mu_birunga.jpg|thumb|Ingagi mu birunga|264x264px]] '''Ingagi zo mu birunga'''<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-1258.html Ingagi zo mu Birunga: inyamaswa zifite byinshi zihuriyeho n\'abantu]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingagi zo mu Birunga zariyongereye |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |accessdate=2011-01-02 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305234747/http://rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article625 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-97.html Ingagi zo mu Rwanda zahungiye inkongi y’umuriro muri Congo Kinshasa]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingagi muri Parike Nasiyonali y’Ibirunga |url=http://www.karabaye.com/news/article.php?id=0105 |accessdate=2011-01-19 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306144347/http://karabaye.com/news/article.php?id=0105 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> cyangwa '''Ingagi zo mu misozi''', '''Ingagi zo mu misozi miremire''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Gorilla beringei beringei''), ni bumwe mu bwoko bw’inyamaswa buri gucika cyane ku isi. == Ibarura ry'ingagi == Ubu habarwa [[ingagi]] zo mu birunga zigera kuri 720 ku isi yose, kandi zose ziherere mu majyaruguru y’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]] ndetse no mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Muri iyo Pariki kandi harimo andi moko y’ibinyabuzima gakondo n’andi arinzwe mu rwego rw’amasezerano mpuzamahanga abuza ubucuruzi bw’amoko y’ibinyabuzima biri hafi gucika burundu ([[CITES]]). Ingangi zabazwe ni izo muri Pariki eshatu arizo: [[pariki y’Ibirunga y’u Rwanda]], [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Parc National des Gorilles de Mgahinga ]] yo muri Uganda. Nyamara hari izindi ziri mu ishymba ry’inzitane rya Bwindi rya Pariki y’igihugu cya Uganda. [[File:Susa group, mountain gorilla.jpg|thumb|202x202px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gabo)</span>|alt=]] Abayobozi kandi basobobanuye ko iri barurwa ryakozwe mu rwego rwo kumenya uko ibintu byifashe ndetse no kureba uko ingagi zimerewe. Ibyavuye mu ibarura bikaba ari bumwe mu bushakashatsi bukomeye buzaba buhari bwerekana ubuzima bw’izi ngagi ndetse n’uko zibanyeho mu miryango yazo. Ibarura ryakozwe mu Birunga kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata uyu mwaka, ryerekanye ko umubare w’ingagi wiyongereyeho 26,3% mu myaka irindwi ishize. Ni ukuvuga ko zagiye ziyongeraho 3,7% buri mwaka. Iri barura ryasanze hari ingagi zo mu misozi 480 ziri mu miryango 36 hamwe n’izindi ngabo 14 zigiye zibana. Ibarura ryaherukaga kuba muri 2003, ryari ryabonye ingagi 380. Kugeza kuri uyu munsi, ushyizemo n’ingagi 302 zari zabazwe muri 2006 mu ishyamba rya Bwindi n’zindi enye zabuze ababyeyi zikaba zirererwa mu kigo cyo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, umubare w’ingagi zo mu misozi zizwi ku isi ni 786. Ingagi zo mu Birunga, zagiye zibasirwa n’intambara zo mu Karere n’ubushimusi mu myaka ishize, zamenyekanye cyane kubera nyakwigendera [[Dian Fossey]], zikaba ari kimwe mu bintu bikururura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu Karere. Mu ishyamba ry’ibimera byiza cyane biri mu birunga bigabanya u Rwanda na Uganda niho habarizwa ingagi zo mu birunga zikunda gusurwa cyane ku isi. Iyi pariki ifite ubwoko bw’ingagi nyakwigendera Dian Fossey yapfuye agerageza kurwana ku buzima bwazo. Ingagi zo mu birunga zisigaye zigera kuri 355, kandi ibimera bihora bitoshye nibyo bituma zidakomeza gucika ku isi. Iyi pariki igizwe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera , aho usanga hari ishyamba ry’ibimera bito ndetse harimo n’ibiti binini bitandukanye bibereye ijisho. [[File:Silverback.JPG|thumb|196x196px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu birunga (gabo na gore)</span>]] Ingagi zo mu birunga nk’ubundi bwoko bw’inguge, ziba mu mashyamba agwamo cyane imvura. Kereka [[impundu]] (''chimpanzé'') nizo zishobora gutura mu bice bya ''savannah'' (ubutaka buriho ibimera bigufi kandi imvura idakunda kugwaho cyane). Ingagi zibaho zimuka buri gihe kuko zicumbika ahantu zibasha kubona ibyo kurya. Ahanini zirya ibimera kandi zikabirya ari byinshi. Ingagi zigira amenyo ameze nk’aya'abantu, niyo mpamvu zishobora gukanja ibyatsi byinshi. Ingagi z’ingabo zikuze zigira amenyo manini zikoresha iyo ziri kurwana na zigenzi zazo . Iyi nkongi yibasiye iki gice cy’ishyamba yatangiye kuwa gatandatu nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru by’u Rwanda ngo nta kintu kizwi neza kuba cyarateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo bishoboka kuba ari abavumvu bateye iyi nkongi ariko ngo nta numwe uratabwa muri yombi. Ibindi byerekana ko iyi nkongi yatewe n’uko ari ikirere cyateye iyi nkongi kuko hari hari ubushyuhe bwinshi. Mu mwaka wa 1978 nibwo umushinga gorille des Montagnes watangiye, maze ingagi zo mu birunga ziherereye mu gice cy’u Rwanda zitangira kumenyerezwa gusurwa naba mukerarugendo.Kuva 1973 kugeza 1989,umubare w’ingagi zo mu birunga wariyongereye ziva kuri 261 zigera kuri 324. Abantu bamwe bakeka ko ubukerarugendo bwaba bwaragize uruhare muri uku kwiyongera kw'ingagi. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Inyamabere]] evv1nv5n9kbd05xrul3z2k60smuiwpt 0 3555 15646 2011-01-02T03:04:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]] 1kdg6m9r5en4x21krbni4w48ubzzy7w 0 3556 15647 2011-01-02T03:04:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]] 1kdg6m9r5en4x21krbni4w48ubzzy7w 0 3557 15653 2011-01-02T03:16:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 49dt70m73l2rr856dmkik6gder56vik 0 3558 81792 76519 2022-01-31T11:44:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Western Lowland Gorilla at Bronx Zoo 2 cropped.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba</span>]] [[File:Gorilla Male perspective 5.jpg|thumb|left|upright 1.0|''Gorilla gorilla''.]] '''Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Gorilla gorilla'') [[Dosiye:Gorille.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba</span>]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] 5macf0gmiapba4wlyd4gnm7ccxc945e 0 3559 15668 2011-01-02T03:42:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingagi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingagi]] 5ozo0gg4obl1a0lkpb0fynhxj0t7u2q 0 3560 15671 2011-01-02T03:49:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 49dt70m73l2rr856dmkik6gder56vik 0 3561 65750 65119 2013-03-11T10:50:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q223589]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyiragongo2004.jpg |thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo</font>]] [[File:Virunga 03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo</font>]] '''Pariki y’Ibirunga ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]''' [[Category:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] p3l4juo534cfa33qndz1yeo2q2s4xy6 0 3562 70376 70369 2015-12-24T12:55:31Z Grind24 5178 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/207.190.164.254|207.190.164.254]] ([[User talk:207.190.164.254|talk]]) to last revision by Legobot. ([[m:Twinkle|TW]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marco Polo portrait.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mariko Polo </font>]] Ubwo '''Mariko Polo''' ([[1254]] &ndash; [[8 Mutarama]] [[1324]]) yari agarutse mu mugi yari atuyemo wa [[Venice]] (soma [[Venise]]) nyuma y’imyaka myinshi yari amaze mu Burasirazuba, incuti ze zatekereje ko ingendo ze ndende zatumye aba umusazi. Yababwiye ibitekerezo batashoboye kwizera. Mariko yari yanyuze mu mugi wuzuyemo ifeza n’izahabu. Yari yarabonye amabuye y’umukara ashya, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva iby’amahindure yaka mu birunga. Yari yarabonye umwenda udashya n’ubwo wawujugunya mu muriro, nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze yumva ibya bene iyo myenda bita abestos. Yavuze ibyerekeye ibiyoka binini bifite uburebure bwa metero icumi bifite inzasaya nini cyane ku buryo zishobora kumira umuntu, amatunda afite ubunini bungana n’umutwe w’umuntu kandi akagira imbere hererana nk’amata, n’ibintu bitemba biva mu butaka bishobora gutuma amatara yaka. Nyamara nta muntu n’umwe wari warigeze abona ingona zo mu ruzi, amatunda y’ibiti bya [[koko]] (''noix de coco''), cyangwa [[peteroli]]. Baramusetse ubwo bumvaga ibyo bitekerezo. Hashize iminsi myinshi ubwo Mariko yari aryamye agiye gupfa, umwe mu ncuti ze utaravugaga rumwe na we wari hafi y’aho yari aryamye yamubwiye kwivuguruza akabwira abari aho ko ibitekerezo yababwiye byose byari ibinyoma. [[Category:Abagabo]] q7fu7n9aqr3ibrl17qupz3giynfgmuj 0 3564 15690 2011-01-02T04:28:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 3565 78364 76930 2021-08-24T09:10:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Women in tribal village, Umaria district, India.jpg|center|thumb|406x406px|women]] [[Dosiye:KunaWomanSellingMolas.jpg|thumb|Gucura k’umugore]] '''Gucura k’umugore''' ni igihe [[umugore]] ageze aho atakigira [[imisemburo]] mu mubiri we ituma intanga zidakorwa n’umubiri we akaba atashobora gusama. Ni ibintu bisanzwe, biba k’umugore iyo atangiye kugeza mu myaka ya za mirongo itanu. Akenshi igihe kiringaniye cyo gucura k’umugore kiba hagati y’imyaka 45 n’imyaka 55. Bavuga ko umugore yacuze kare iyo acuze mbere y’imyaka mirongo ine bakanavuga ko yacuze atinze iyo bibaye arengeje imyaka mirongo itanu n’itanu. Ugucura k’umugore bibanzirizwa no kubura imihango rimwe na rimwe cyangwa ntizire igihe kubera ikibazo cy’umusemburo wa progesterone udahagije. Nyuma umugore atangira kuva buhoro buhoro no kubura imihango igihe kirekire. Bimwe mu bimenyetso biboneka ku bagore bari gucura: Kumva ufite icyunzwe mu mubiri (67 %). Kubira ibyuya cyane (31 %). Kutabona ibitotsi (26 %). Kugira umushiha (''depression'') 38,5 %. Kugabanuka kw’inda ibyara (''atrophie vaginale'') (20 %). Gucika intege (18, 5%). Kuribwa umutwe (11 %). Guhindurwa kw’imisatsi (6,5 %). Guta ibiro (7 %). Guhinduka kw’agatuza (5,5 %) Nkuko bisobanurwa mu bitabo byinshi, ugucura kujyana na bimwe muri ibi bikurikira : *Umuryango umuntu akomokamo (''hérédité'') : umugore n’umwana we w’umukobwa bacura hafi ku myaka imwe. *Ubwoko ,ikirere kiranga aho umuntu atuye (''le climat'') n’imibereho ye (''conditions socio-économiques''). *Kunywa itabi bituma gucura biba hafi amezi 18 mbere y’igihe cyari giteganyijwe. == Icyitonderwa == Igihe umwana w’umukobwa atangira kujya mu mihango, umubare w’inda cyangwa gukoresha uburyo buringaniza urubyaro nta ruhare bifite ku gihe cyo gucura. == Ingaruka == Kurwaragurika bikunda kuba iyo umugore yacuze, akenshi biba bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byayo n’izindi ndwara zijyanye n’izabukuru. *Kurwaragurika no gupfa bitewe n’indwara z’umutima biba bike k’umugore ugereranyije n’umugabo ariko bikiyongera iyo umugore yacuze. *Koroha kw’amagufa bigenda byiyongera hamwe no gusaza iyo umugore acuze. Niyo mpamvu abagore bacuze bakunda kugira imvune y’amagufa. == Gucura k’umugore na [[Kanseri]] == 80 ku ijana (80%) y’abagore bacuze bavuga yuko bumva hari icyahindutse mu magara yabo mu mwaka wa mbere bacuze ariko ingaruka zikomeye zitangira kuboneka mu myaka icumi umugore yarabuze imisemburo. Gucura kw’umugore na kanseri Mu bihugu byose, kuboneka kw’ama kanseri y’ibere n’izindi zo mu myanya ndangagistina ku mugore byiyongera hamwe n’imyaka kandi bikarushaho iyo umugore yacuze. Kanseri y’ibere ikunda kuboneka mu myaka hagati ya 45-50 na 65-70. Iboneka ku bagore batangiye imihango bakiri bato cyane,ku bagore bacuze batinze no kubafite umubyibuho ukabije bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’umusemburo witwa oestrogene. Ugereranyije, 90 % ya za [[kanseri za nyababyeyi]] (''cancer de l’endomètre''), 75 % ya za [[kanseri z’udusabo]] (''cancer de l’ovaire'') na 65% ya za [[kanseri z’inkondo y’umura]] Ukuboneka kwa [[kanseri y’inkondo y’umura]] bituma biba ngombwa ko buri mugore wese wacuze ayisuzumisha. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article84 [[Category:Umuti]] f4ijgrl0eifju0d27ijczybn6e58wyp 0 3569 81802 78836 2022-01-31T11:46:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Camp x-ray detainees.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gwantanamo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Camp_one_Guantanamo_has_a_lounge_for_captives_to_phone_home.jpg|thumb|Gwantanamo]] '''Gwantanamo''' Mu [[Burayi]] no muri [[Amerika]] uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntibwubahirizwa, mu bigaragaza uburyo ibyo bihugu byigize ikitegererezo cy’uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ahubwo aribyo bibubangamiye, ni ibikorwa bya kinyamaswa biherutse gukorerwa abanyeshuri bo mu [[Bwongereza]], n’ibikorerwa abaturage b’[[Ubufaransa]] na Amerika byerekanwa mu matelevizio bikabonwa n’abantu bose ku isi ariko ntihabe hagira ukopfora. Ikegeranyo cyakozwe guhera mu mwaka 2001 kugeza ubu, kirerekana ko abantu bagera kuri 334 bamaze kwicwa n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa na polisi ya Amerika mu guhagarika abakora imytigaragambyo. Ibikorwa by’ubugome bukabije abaturage ba [[Palisitina]] bakorerwa n’ubutegetsi ruvumwa bw’[[Abazayuni]] ba [[Isiraheri]], ubwo butegetsi bumaze imyaka myinshi bwica abaturage b’icyo gihugu urubozo, bashyira mu kato abaturage b’intara ya Gaza, abana n’abagore muri iyo ntara bakaba bicwa n’inzara nta n’imiti ibavura bagira, ariko akaba ntawamagana icyo gihugu, ibyo byose ni urugero rugaragaza ko ikitwa na biriya bihugu uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu ntakindi biricyo uretse urwitwazo bakoresha barwanya uwo bashaka kurwanya, bakanajujubya uwo bashaka kujujubya mu izina ry’uko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu. Abitwaza ko baharanira uburenganzira bw’ikremwamuntu, nibo bitwaza ubwo burengenzira batera ibihugu bikennye no kurasa abaturage babyo bakoresheje intwaro zikomeye, bakica muri ibyo bihugu inzirakarengane zirimo abana, abagore n’abasaza. Urugero rw’ukuri rw’ibyo tumaze kuvuga ni ikegeranyo cya vuba aha kivuga ko Yuran yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za Amerika mu ntambara irwana muri Iraq na [[Afuganisitani]] yatumye muri ibyo bihugu haduka ibyorezo by’indwara zidasanzwe zica benshi muri ibyo bihugu. Icyo kegeranyo cyakomeje kivuga ko muri biriya bihugu Amerika irwanamo, ibirema byiyongera n’abana bavukana uburema bakaba bamaze kuba benshi, ku buryo mu myaka mike iri imbere muri biriya bihugu hazajya havuka abana bake badafite ubusembwa batewe n’intwaro zikoreshwa mu mirwano ihabera. Muri ako kanya Amerika iba iri kubangamira uburengenzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, iba yiyita ko ari igihugu cya demukrasi kinaharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, n’ibyo byose umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe kumvisha icyo gihugu ko kigomba gufunga agasho gahonyererwamo uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu ka Gwantanamo na ka [[Abu Gurayib]]. == Imiyoboro == * [http://shiyarwanda.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=572:1&catid=81:1&Itemid=111 Uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu: Urwitwazo rwa politike rw’ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba] [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] durigqgk1eyg1g6jr26qllyu81c3wbf 0 3570 73241 73240 2020-08-30T13:30:56Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Iran.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Irani</font>]] [[File:Iran in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Irani</font>]] '''Irani''' cyangwa '''Repubulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Irani''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]] : '''ایران''' cyangwa '''جمهوری اسلامی ایران''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 81,000,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 1,648,195. [[File:Borujerdi_House_Kashan_Iran.jpg|thumb|Borujerdi House Kashan Iran]] [[File:Soltan_salt_lake_iran.jpg|thumb|Soltan salt lake iran]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Irani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] espi64osoj8u9qgvy0cr5n4b0z4fhro 0 3571 15739 2011-01-02T15:16:51Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ibimera]] to [[Ikimera]]: -plural +singular wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimera]] 4irzd3nld8kwdsnbbgbvk6uub5uq6fo 0 3572 15740 2011-01-02T15:17:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimera]] fv5wdjexuphfstrh7n9pwsy0z69yoqv 0 3574 65125 61490 2013-03-07T23:36:01Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 53 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q133957]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adam Weishaupt01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Adam Weishaupt</font>]] Ubundi '''Illuminati''' biva ku ijambo ry’ikilatini illuminatus bivuga ‘umurikiwe’ cyangwa ushagawe n'urumuri, illuminati rikaba riri mu bwinshi (''pluriel, plural''). Abantu bose bavuga amateka ya Illuminati bemeza ko ari agatsiko k’ibanga (''secret society'') kashinzwe na Adam Weishaupt wari umwarimu muri Kaminuza ya Ingolstadt muri Bavière (Bayer) mu Budage, hari tariki [[1 Gicurasi]] [[1776]]. Kuvuga kuri Illuminati ni ibintu bitoroshye byasaba kwandika ibitabo kandi n’ubundi byarakozwe, ndetse bimwe na bimwe twarabisomye, cyane cyane ''The 13 Satanic Bloodlines of Illuminati'' cya Fritz Springmeier na Cosmic Trigger: ''the Final Secret of The Illuminati'' cya Robert Anton. Kugirango umenye Illuminati kandi, bisaba kuba uzi ibindi bintu byinshi byerekeranye n’udutsiko tw’ibanga (''secret societies''), bityo bikaba biri bunsabe kugenda nsa nk’utandukira gato ngende mvuga kuri utwo dutsiko tundi. Uwo mugabo yari asanzwe ari mu muryango wa ''Freemasonry'' (''Franc-maçonnerie'') uyu ukaba ari umuryango n'ubu ukiriho, uhuza abantu batandukanye bahuriye ku ibanga ubwabo bazi bonyine, gusa ikizwi nuko badasenga Imana, ahubwo bemera uwo bita Umwubatsi Mukuru w’Isi (''Le Grand Architecte de l’univers''). Ibi abakristu bakaba babifata nko gusenga Shitani. Icyo twababwira nuko ''Freemasonry'' idashingiye ku idini, kuko habamo abakristu, abayisilamu n’abo mu yandi madini. == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.igihe.com/news-6-9-9378.html Ese koko iyi si iyoborwa na Illuminati? (Igice cya kabiri)] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-6-9-9224.html Ese koko iyi si iyoborwa na Illuminati? (Igice cya mbere)] [[Category:Imiryango]] 7uywgc3mlxr9peofvqtv03h0plbrrmi 0 3575 15774 2011-01-02T17:52:19Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Incuti z Isi]] to [[Incuti z’Isi]]: +apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Incuti z’Isi]] q3a3tod7njqycbhp3xrzqshbbxkykwb 0 3576 72235 71581 2020-05-03T20:37:26Z 31.200.14.219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the President of Azerbaijan.svg|thumb|200px|Ibendera rya Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani]] '''Abaperezida b’[[Azeribayijani]]''' {| class="wikitable" ! # ! Izina rya Perezida ! Amafoto ! Imyaka y’ubuperezida<br /> ! Ishyaka aturukamo |- | '''1''' | [[Ayaz Mutalibov]] | [[File:Ayaz Mutalibov 1992.jpg|100px]] | 30 Kanama 1991 &ndash; 6 Werurwe 1992 | "Independent" |- | — | [[Yagub Mammadov]] ''(acting)'' | [[File:Flag of the President of Azerbaijan.svg|100px]] | 6 Werurwe 1992 &ndash; 14 Gicurasi 1992 | "Independent" |- | — | [[Ayaz Mutalibov]] | [[File:Ayaz Mutalibov 1992.jpg|100px]] | 14 Gicurasi 1992 &ndash; 18 Gicurasi 1992 | "Independent" |- bgcolor=lightblue | — | [[Isa Gambar]] ''(acting)'' | [[File:Isa Gambar (1).jpg|100px]] | 19 Gicurasi 1992 &ndash; 16 Kamena 1992 | Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası |- bgcolor=lightblue | '''2''' | [[Abülfaz Elçibay]] | [[File:Flag of the President of Azerbaijan.svg|100px]] | 16 Kamena 1992 &ndash; 1 Nzeri 1993 | Azərbaycan Xalq Cəbhəsi Partiyası |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | '''3''' | [[Heydar Aliyev]] | [[File:Heydar Aliyev 1997.jpg|100px]] | 3 Ukwakira 1993 &ndash; 31 Ukwakira 2003 | Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası |- bgcolor="#ddffdd" | '''4''' | [[Ilham Aliyev]] | [[File:Lech Kaczynski Ilham Alijew (09).jpg|100px]] | 31 Ukwakira 2003 &ndash; | Yeni Azərbaycan Partiyası |} [[Category:Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani| ]] 5ulq7rttmy0k5gbc1sd7501jgiisn3u 14 3577 72236 72234 2020-05-03T20:43:14Z 31.200.14.219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Presidents of Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki b’Azeribayijani]] 1xwrhe3zne1y0f7fikeqtijljshemrl 14 3578 75299 69075 2021-03-31T14:35:43Z 217.155.62.84 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4vbot7p0ztzai04kbs80joacjod9irq 0 3579 81436 78434 2022-01-31T10:49:39Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|thumb|100px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Abaperezida ba [[Tanzaniya]]''' [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Tanzania]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {| class="wikitable" ! # ! Izina rya Perezida ! Amafoto ! Imyaka y’ubuperezida<br /> ! Ishyaka aturukamo |- | '''1''' |[[Julius Nyerere]] |[[File:Julius Nyerere 1977.jpg|100px]] |29 Ukwakira 1964 – 5 Ugushyingo 1985 |[[TANU]], 1977 [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |- | '''2''' |[[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] |[[File:Ali Hassan Mwinyi.jpg|100px]] |5 Ugushyingo 1985 – 23 Ugushyingo 1995 |[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |- | '''3''' |[[Benjamin Mkapa]] |[[File:Benjamin William Mkapa.jpg|100px]] |23 Ugushyingo 1995 – 21 Ukuboza 2005 |[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |- | '''4''' |[[Jakaya Kikwete]] |[[File:Jakaya Kikwete.jpg|100px]] |21 Ukuboza 2005 – 2015 |[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |- | '''5''' |[[John Magufuli]] |[[File:John Magufuli 2015.png|100px]] |2015 – 2021 |[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |- | '''6''' |[[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] |[[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg|100px]] |2021 – 2025 |[[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] |} [[Category:Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya| ]] syvvr6r2ff8co2oyv5qgenj4cf0z7ia 14 3580 67451 62078 2013-04-02T18:54:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8956965]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyatanzaniya]] as69c7cbnh6048128zsra0g8bucduuw 14 3581 65724 65130 2013-03-11T10:48:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456320]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 3582 81434 78432 2022-01-31T10:48:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alternate Coat of arms of Kenya.svg|thumb|100px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Flag of Kenya]] '''Abaperezida ba [[Kenya]]''' {| class="wikitable" ! # ! Izina rya Perezida ! Amafoto ! Imyaka y’ubuperezida<br /> ! Ishyaka aturukamo |- | '''1''' |[[Jomo Kenyatta]] |[[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|100px]] |12 Ukuboza 1964 &ndash; 22 Kanama 1978 |KANU |- | '''2''' |[[Daniel arap Moi]] |[[File:Kenya-moi.jpg|100px]] |22 Kanama 1978 &ndash; 30 Ukuboza 2002 |KANU |- | '''3''' |[[Mwai Kibaki]] |[[File:Mwai Kibaki, October 2003.jpg|100px]] |30 Ukuboza 2002 &2013 |DP NARC PNU |- | '''4''' |[[Uhuru Kenyatta]] |[[File:Uhuru Kenyatta 2015.jpg|100px]] |30 Ukuboza 2013 & |DP NARC PNU |} [[Ikiciro:Abaperezida ba Kenya| ]] 7hdibh8scjqam9g2809oycknwczp5qf 14 3583 67168 53296 2013-03-14T05:48:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7077198]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyakenya]] nhnblmkgsmegluduggd4e32ffjbfpbr 14 3584 67169 63431 2013-03-14T05:48:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 112 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6890263]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5j06j55uus2s19eydr2tnkq95ullp1e 0 3585 78155 76615 2021-08-22T13:31:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ilham_Aliyev_was_interviewed_by_Euronews_TV_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ilham Aliyev</font>]] [[Dosiye:The_president_of_Azerbaijan,_Ilham_Aliyev_raised_the_Azerbaijani_flag_in_the_city_of_Fuzuli.jpg|thumb|Perezida wa Azaribayijan, Ilham Aliyev yazamuye ibendera rya Azaribayijan mu mujyi wa Fuzuli]] '''Ilham Aliyev''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]] ''İlham Əliyev'' ) ([[24 Ukuboza]] [[1961]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani|4]] w’[[Azeribayijani]]. [[Dosiye:Ilham_Aliyev_was_interviewed_by_Euronews_TV.jpg|thumb|Ilham Aliyev yabajijwe na TV ya Euronews]] [[Category:Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri b’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] fr5ipzj1r0kau3re43yblqpbfbltyjf 0 3586 77148 65133 2021-08-08T02:50:00Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heydar Aliyev 1997.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Heydar Aliyev</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ilham Aliyev attended the opening of the Heydar Aliyev Park Complex and the Heydar Aliyev Center in Ganja 11.jpg|thumb|'''Heydar Aliyev''' ]] '''Heydar Aliyev''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]] ''Heydər Əliyev'' ) ([[10 Gicurasi]] [[1923]] &ndash; [[12 Ukuboza]] [[2003]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani|3]] w’[[Azeribayijani]]. [[Category:Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] b0d54f8cacuoq9lfz4eu3eqm4ikvezx 0 3587 76463 65134 2021-07-26T18:37:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abülfaz Elçibay''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]] ''Əbülfəz Elçibəy'' ) ([[24 Kamena]] [[1938]] – [[22 Kanama]] [[2000]]), [[Dosiye:Abulfaz_Elchibey_(1992).jpg|thumb|Abulfaz Elchibay (1992)]] [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani|2]] w’[[Azeribayijani]]. [[Category:Abaperezida b’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 6n6ilw6icbb8u7n7ms0mlls71f208kr 0 3588 71704 65727 2019-01-14T23:13:18Z 84.99.120.3 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Julius Nyerere (1965).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Julius Nyerere</font>]] '''Julius Nyerere''' ([[13 Mata]] [[1922]] &ndash; [[14 Ukwakira]] [[1999]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya|1]] wa [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mj6q6pdje5icf71n7hw9e4m169mttep 0 3589 78654 76464 2021-08-26T03:01:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Hassan Mwinyi''' ([[8 Gicurasi]] [[1925]] &ndash; ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya|2]] wa [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Tanzania]] [[Dosiye:Ali-hassan-mwinyi-.jpg|thumb|Ali-hassan-mwinyi-]] [[Dosiye:Ali_Hassan_Mwinyi_2007-01-23.jpg|thumb|Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ahyezv5recq1040h9uycfrnd8u0qhje 0 3590 78942 78568 2021-08-30T05:30:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Benjamin William Mkapa - World Economic Forum on Africa 2010 - 1.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Mkapa]] [[Dosiye:Benjamin_William_Mkapa.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Mkapa]] '''Benjamin William Mkapa ''' ([[12 Ugushyingo]] [[1938]] &ndash; ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya|3]] wa [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 7551n0hshoe7vqaxwsnbiyc2bstmuyc 0 3591 78161 69186 2021-08-22T13:46:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jakaya Kikwete 2011 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jakaya Kikwete]] [[Dosiye:Jakaya_Kikwete,_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Jakaya Kikwete]] '''Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete''' ([[7 Ukwakira]] [[1950]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya|4]] wa [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] m7qcdcsby5uziqwurew2avd1m7fepku 0 3592 78159 65139 2021-08-22T13:41:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Jomo Kenyatta</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jomo_kenyatta_statue.jpg|thumb|Igishusho cya Jomo kenyatta]] '''Jomo Kenyatta''' ([[1894]] &ndash; [[22 Kanama]] [[1978]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Kenya|1]] wa [[Kenya]]. Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kenya kuva 1963 kugeza 1964, aba perezida kuva 1964 kugeza 1978. Akivuka yiswe Kamau wa Mugai. Jomo Kenyatta Jomo bivuga icumu ribengerana naho Kinyatta bivuga umukandara w’amasaro ya massai. Yitwa kandi Mwalimu mu rurimi rw’igiswayire, umusaza, ise w’igihugu, umwubatsi w’ahera hasenyutse. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Kenya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 6gods9puausoaqykq0hul4sdzbgxe4e 0 3593 81697 79101 2022-01-31T11:29:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kenya-moi.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Daniel arap Moi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Daniel_arap_Moi_1972.jpg|thumb|Daniel arap Moi 1972]] '''Daniel Toroitich arap Moi ''' ([[2 Nzeri]] [[1924]]-[[2020]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Kenya|2]] wa [[Kenya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|kenya]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Kenya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] jxn2l94hlkjtwx6du57ioy5kx12oe5c 0 3594 82546 78160 2022-04-22T17:09:03Z 194.98.67.18 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mwai Kibaki (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|Mwai Kibaki]] [[Dosiye:Mwai_Kibaki_at_8th_EAC_summit,_November_2006.jpg|thumb|Mwai Kibaki at November 2006]] '''Emilio Mwai Kibaki ''' ([[15 Ugushyingo]] [[1931]] – [[2022]]) ni [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Kenya|3]] wa [[Kenya]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Kenya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] pfxgw0biipxns5a9a398ogsgtsbnimo 0 3595 78831 77986 2021-08-27T11:13:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fasting.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="greyn"></font><font color="greyn"></font>]] [[File:Iftar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="greyn"></font>]] [[Dosiye:Iftar_Serving_for_fasting_people_in_the_holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_05.jpg|thumb|Igisibo]] == IBISOBANURO KU GISIBO CYA RAMADHWAN: == Imana yashyizeho uburyo bwo kuyigandukira bunyuranye, kugira ngo igerageze abagaragu bayo, ese baba mu bakurikira irari ryabo cyangwa baba mu bumvira itegeko ry'Imana, uko kuyigandukira igushyira mu byiciro bikurikira: Ibibuza ibyo umuntu akunda nk'igisibo, kuko kibuza ibikundwa aribyo: ibyo kurya, ibinyobwa n'ibindi bimunezeza nk'imibonano ku bashakanye n'ibindi. === Gutanga mubyo utunze ukunda nk'amaturo (Zakat), isadaka. === ==== Gutungana kw'umutima ==== [[Dosiye:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey 002.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Islam]] Ubutungane bw'umutima buba mu kwerekera kwawo ku Mana no kuyikunda. Bimaze kugaragara ko ibyo kurya, ibinyobwa, imvugo, kuryama, guhura n'abantu cyane bituma umuntu atakaza ibimuhuza n'Imana, bikamwongerera kuba kure y'impuhwe zayo. Niyo mpamvu Imana yategetse igisibo kugira ngo kibarinde ibibi, bityo bagire umutima udafite irari ariryo nzitizi zo kugandukira Imana. Ibategeka gukora icyicaro cya ITIKAFU mu misigiti kigamije kwiyegereza Imana. Inabategeka kurinda indimi zabo kuvuga ibidafite umumaro. Inabategeka igihagararo mu ijoro, gifitiye umubiri n'umutima akamaro. === IGISIBO NI IKI? === Igisibo ni ukwigomwa kurya, kunywa, imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bashakanye n'ibindi bibujijwe uwasibye, kuva umuseke utambitse kugeza izuba rirenze, wagambiriye gusiba no kwiyegereza Imana. Impamvu z'itegekwa ry'igisibo Igisibo ni inzira ituma habaho gutinya Imana, ukora ibyo yategetse ukareka ibyo yabujije. Igisibo kimenyereza umuntu uburyo bwo kurinda umutima no kureka ibibi byawo, kikanawutoza kwirengera inshingano no kwihangana mu gihe cy'ibibazo. Igisibo gituma umuyislamu abasha kwiyumvamo ububabare buri kuri mugenzi we ushonje, ibyo bigatuma arushaho gutanga no kugirira neza abakene n'abatindi, bityo bigatuma habaho urukundo n'ubuvandimwe hagati y'abakire n'abakene. Igisibo cyeza umutima, kikawusukura kiwukura mu bikorwa bidahwitse. Mu gisibo niho haboneka ikiruhuko k'urwungano ngogozi, kikaruruhura mu guhora rwuzuriwe, bikarufasha kugarura ingufu. Urwego igisibo cy'ukwezi kwa Ramadhani gifite muri islamu Igisibo ni inkingi imwe mu nkingi eshanu (5) zigize islamu, Imana yagitegetse mu mwaka wa kabiri (2) nyuma y'iyimuka ry'intumwa y'Imana iva iMakka ijya iMadina. Intumwa y'Imana ikaba yarasibye igisibo cya RAMADHANI inshuro icyenda mu buzima bwayo. Ukwezi kwa RAMADHANI, niko kwezi gufite imigisha n'ibyiza kurusha andi mezi yose uko ari cumi n'abiri (12), n'amajoro icumi ya nyuma y'uko kwezi, akaba ariyo meza kurusha amajoro icumi y'ukwezi kwa DHUL HIDJA, kuko mu majoro icumi ya RAMADHANI, habonekamo ijoro rya AL QAD'RI rifite ibyiza biruta iby'amezi igihumbi(1000), n'iminsi icumi ya mbere ya DHUL HIDJA, iruta iminsi icumi ya nyuma ya RAMADHANI, n'umunsi wa idjuma niwo mwiza mu minsi y'icyumweru, n'umunsi w'igitambo ukaba umunsi mwiza mu minsi yose y'umwaka, n'ijoro rya AL QADRI rikaba ijoro ryiza mu majoro yose y'umwaka. === UMWANYA IGISIBO CYA RAMADHWAN GIFITE MURI ISLAM === Igisibo cya RAMADHANI, ni itegeko kuri buri muyislamu ugimbutse, ufite ubwenge, ushoboye kuba yasiba, utari ku rugendo, yaba umugabo, cyangwa umugore udafite imiziro nk'imihango, ibisanza n'ibindi. Imana ikaba yarategetse abayislamu gusiba nk'uko yabitegetse abababanjirije. Imana iragira iti:<blockquote>'''''"Yemwe abemeye, mwategetswe gusiba nk'uko byategetswe abababanjirije, wenda mwarushaho gutinya Imana"''''' Qur'an 2:183</blockquote> === IBYIZA BY'UKWEZI KWA RAMADHWAN === Imana iragira iti:<blockquote>"Mu by'ukuri Qor'ani, twayimanuye mu ijoro ry'icyubahiro (AL QAD'RI). Ese ni iki cyakumenyesha iryo joro? Iryo joro ririmo ibyiza biruta iby'amezi igihumbi Imana irimanuramo Abamalayika bari kumwe na DJIBR"</blockquote>'''''UMUSOZO''''' == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.islamic-invitation.com/book_details.php?bID=539 Amategeko y’Igisibo] *[http://www.igihe.com/news-11-41-7151.html Igisibo cy’abayisilamu (ramadhan) kirasozwa kuri uyu wa gatanu] [[Category:Islam]] lc0rznckjab5i87ap4bjitqyz3txr38 0 3596 15814 2011-01-02T22:07:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igisibo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igisibo]] 1nr0wg9s3csr4ik6mkn40oetwq6dfx1 14 3597 65143 64515 2013-03-08T00:01:16Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 160 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1984000]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|right|100px|<font color="grey"></font>]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Iyobokamana]] t8ba8gz0j475i8mto1ld6bt31rbkvg9 0 3598 77325 65144 2021-08-09T20:22:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WallStexplosion1920.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Iterabwoba (Wall Street, 1920) </font>]] [[File:Number of terrorist incidents 2009.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Iterabwoba (2009) </font>]] '''Iterabwoba''' ribarwa mu bibazo bikomereye isi kandi bibangamiye ituze n’ubusugire bw’abantu mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Rikaba riterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zinyuranye zirimo n’imibereho, kwiheba, [[politiki]], ubukungu, imico, n’ibindi bikomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kwimakaza iterabwoba mu mibereho y’abantu. Niyo mpamvu uwashaka kuvura no kurandura iterabwoba burundu, bimusaba kubanza gukemura ibi bibazo n’impamvu ziritera akazivanaho burundu kuko arizo zituma iterabwoba ribaho. Intambwe ya mbere yo kurwanya iterabwoba no kurirandurana n’imizi yaryo aho ariho hose, ni ukubanza gusobanukirwa neza izi mpamvu ziritera, kugirango n’umuti uzashakwa uzabe ushingiye ku miterere nyayo y’ikibazo. == == * [[Ishami ryo Kurwanya Iterabwoba]] (ATU) == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211830/http://police.gov.rw/rw/spip.php?rubrique22 police.gov.rw] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110305220002/http://ijwi-islam.org/ijwi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=42&Itemid=69 ijwi-islam.org] [[Category:Iterabwoba| ]] dln9t8zg1fb7q215zy7u8514h7csz09 14 3599 67179 60923 2013-03-14T05:49:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 85 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7011213]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Politiki]] ogh409ekw2n1pqlwn0zgtde9cddcnhq 14 3603 67187 63024 2013-03-14T05:50:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 112 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7137988]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Politiki]] ogh409ekw2n1pqlwn0zgtde9cddcnhq 0 3606 77125 65145 2021-08-08T00:57:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere''' (PJD mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]] ; izina mu gifaransa : ''Parti de la Justice et du Développement'' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''حزب العدالة والتنمية‎''' ) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] muri [[Maroke]]. [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki]] 2t694giu1aruv8oxes64ny1fxv311nr 0 3607 79426 74103 2021-09-17T19:51:40Z 102.22.189.217 fsdfsqdfqsfqfdqsf wikitext text/x-wiki = gggggggggggggggggggggggggIntangiriro = [[File:Apis mellifera Tanzania.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uruyuki</span>]] [[File:Bee Collecting Pollen 2004-08-14.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Impashyi iri guhova</span>]] [[File:Bienen auf Wabe 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inzuki</span>]] '''Uruyuki''' (ubuke: '''Inzuki'''; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Apis'' ) ni udusimba tw’[[inigwahabiri]] tutagira amagufwa turangwa n’umubiri ugizwe n’ibice bitatu byuzuzanya aribyo; umutwe, ugaragaraho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha guhuririza ibirukikije, amaso manini abiri azifasha kureba, n’umunwa. Mu [[umuzinga|muzinga]] hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 kandi zikagaburirwa n’intazi. Akamaro kazo ni ako kwimya urwiru gusa, kandi urwimije urwiru ruhita rupfa. Ingabo ntiziryana, si byiza ko ziba nyinshi mu muzinga kuko zirya [[ubuki]] kandi zidakora. Uruyuki ni agakoko gato kaguruka gakora ubuki. == Amoko y’inzuki == Amoko y’inzuki azwi cyane ni ayo mu bwoko bwa ''Apis mellifica'', ''Apis dorsata'', ''Apis florea'' na ''Apis cerana''. Cyakora inzuki zikunze gukoreshwa mu buvumvu ni izo mu bwoko bwa ''Apis mellifica'', nazo zikaba zigabanyijemo ibice byinshi, ukurikije uturere zigenda zibonekamo. Muri zo hari: :1. ''Apis mellifica'' : ziboneka mu karere k’inyanja ya Mediterane :2. ''Apis mellifica intermisa'' :3. ''Apis mellifica major'' : ziboneka mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika :4. ''Apis mellifica sahariensis'' :5. ''Apis mellifica lamarekii'' :6. ''Apis mellifica nubica'' : ziboneka muri Sudani na Misiri :7. ''Apis mellifica scutellata'' :8. ''Apis mellifica litorea'' :9. ''Apis mellifica monticola'' :10. ''Apis mellifica adansonii'' : ziboneka muri Afurika yo Hagati na Australia :11. ''Apis mellifica capensis'' :12. ''Apis mellifica unicolor'' :13. ''Apis mellifica jemmenitica'' :14. ''Apis mellifica remipes'' :15. ''Apis mellifica caucasica'' :16. ''Apis mellifica taurica'' :17. ''Apis mellifica cyprica'' : ziboneka mu karere ka Irani na Mediterane :18. ''Apis mellifica syriaca'' :19. ''Apis mellifica carnica'' :20. ''Apis mellifica linguistica'' Muri izo nzuki zose, iziboneka mu [[Rwanda]] ni izitwa ''Apis mellifica adansoni'', n’ubwo nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe muri urwo rwego. Hari ubundi bwoko bw’inzuki bita mu kinyarwanda ubuhura (mellipona depressives). Izo nzuki ntizigira urubori, nta n’ubwo zubaka ibinyagu, ahubwo zishyira ubuki mu bihuku by’imiswa, mu binogo byafukutse mu biti, cyangwa mu myenge igenda isigara mu nkuta z’amazu. == Imibereho y’inzuki == Inzuki zibaho ari umuryango urimo inzuki za ngombwa kandi ziziranye. Ziba zikuriwe n’urwiru. Urwiru rurangwa n’ubunini bwarwo, ruba ari rwo rwonyine rw’urugore rubyara kandi rwima inshuro imwe. Rwibikamo intanga-ngabo, zizahura n’intanga-ngore rufite. Rurama imyaka ine kandi rutera amagi ibihumbi bibiri (2000) ku munsi, ntiruryana rugaburirwa n’impashyi , igikoma cy’urwiru (gelée royale). Iyo rushaje rutera amagi make bigatuma inzuki ziba nke mu muzinga, icyo gihe ruvanwa mu muzinga maze impehe zisigaye zikirerera urundi. Ni byiza kurusimbura nibura buri myaka ibiri (2) kandi bigakorwa mu gihe gitangira izuba.Urwiru rushobora kororerwa hanze y’umuzinga rukazashyirwamo nyuma. Inziru 2 ntizibana mu muzinga, zirarwana kugeza rumwe rupfuye. [[File:Bienenwabe mit Eiern und Brut 5.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] == Ingabo == Mu muzinga hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 zikagaburirwa n’impashyi. Akamaro kazo ni ukwimya urwiru, gusa urwimije ruhita rupfa, Ingabo ntiziryana iyo ari nyinshi mu muzinga si byiza kuko zirya ubuki kandi zidakora. Akenshi urwiru rushaje rubyara ingabo nyinshi, hari ubwo impashyi zanga kuzigaburira zikazirukana cyangwa zikazica. Mu ntangiriro z’igihe cy’izuba gusa nibwo urwiru rutera amagi avamo ingabo. == Ibikomoka ku nzuki == *[[Ubuki]] *[[Insinda]] *[[Ibishashara]] *[[Urucumbu]] *[[Igikoma cy’urwiru]] *[[Ibinyagu]] Gusa abantu bakunda cyane ubuki kubera ukuntu buryoha cyane. Ariko nanone ibikomoka ku nzuki byose bifitye abantu akamaro kubera ko bivura indwara nyinshi. == Amateka y’ubworozi bw’inzuki == Abanditsi b’ibitabo bavuga ko ubworozi bw’inzuki ari umwuga umaze igihe kinini cyane uzwi. Hari bamwe bemeza ko hashize imyaka miliyoni eshanu inzuki zibayeho ku isi, abandi bavuga ko babonye ibisigazwa by’inzuki zabayeho imyaka 3600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu; bamwe ndetse bemeza ko hari amoko y’inzuki yororerwaga mu Misiri imyaka 2600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamwe mu bagoronome Olivier w’i Sennes yatangiye kwita ku nzuki mu gitabo cye yise Theatre d’agriculture et menages des champs. Nyuma y’aho, ubworozi bw’inzuki bwafashe imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bugere uko tubuzi ubu. Muri icyo gihe Padiri mukuru w’i Carlsmark muri silesie yahimbye [[umutiba]] wa kijyambere ufite amakaderi, bashobora gukura mu mutiba bakayasubizamo nta kibazo. Cyakora uwo mutiba wagiye usubirwamo na Langstroth ariwe wahimbye umutiba wa kijyambere wanitiriwe izina rye, ubu ukaba warageze n’iwacu i Rwanda. Hari n’abandi bagize ibyo bagenda bongeraho, nk’uwitwa Dadant, Layens n’abandi. == Mu Rwanda == Ubworozi bw’inzuki bwagaragaje ko bushobora guteza imbere ababukora, bubushyizemo imbaraga, ariko cyane cyane bitaye ku buryo bwo guhakura ubuki bufite isuku kandi butarimo umwotsi. Mu rwego rwo gufasha abari muri uyu mwuga no kuwuhindura kugira ngo ujye uzanira inyungu abawukora, muri 2008 Leta yafashaije kugura imitiba 9,000 igenewe kugezwa ku bavumvu. Leta kandi yabafashije gushyiraho urwego rw’igihugu ruhuza abavumvu (''Conseil National pour la Sauvegarde des Abeilles''), kugira ngo babone uko bazajya bungurana ibitekerezo kuri uyu mwuga no ku masoko bakoherezaho ubuki basaruye. Muri iyi myaka itanu ishize, umusaruro w’ubuki ukaba wiyongera ku buryo bushimishije. Figure 12 irerekana uburyo umusaruro w’ubuki wiyongereye kuva kuri toni 550 muri 2000 kugeza kuri toni 1600 muri 2007.<ref>http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/ReportGirinkaApril2009.pdf </ref> == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.rarda.gov.rw/spip.php?article38 Imfashanyigisho ku bworozi bw’inzuki bwa kijyambere] *http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/IFISHI_Y_INZUKI.pdf [[Category:Inzuki]] [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] q8oyxwlkj3xebxyhkp1bql0ye4rvrvs 0 3608 15854 2011-01-03T00:48:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruyuki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruyuki]] hjhfjxvowkpbk3s68qb29e0aazernbw 0 3609 15855 2011-01-03T00:48:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruyuki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruyuki]] hjhfjxvowkpbk3s68qb29e0aazernbw 14 3610 65147 64204 2013-03-08T00:02:02Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 128 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5608148]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibinyangoro]] 6r4im0hywo119fl1u7su2x7nws873od 14 3611 67734 64110 2013-04-13T08:51:13Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7223033]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 3612 83070 83068 2022-05-07T05:37:14Z BevoLJ 10818 -font wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|thumb|250px|Ibendera rya Turukiya]] [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|Ikarita ya Turukiya]] [[File:Map of the administrative divisions of Turkey.svg|thumb|250px|Ikarita y’Ubuyobozi bwa Turukiya ]] [[File:Sultanahmet Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet]]]] '''Turukiya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Türkiye'' ) ni [[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]] na [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Turukiya witwa [[Ankara]]. Igihugu kiratuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 78,785,548<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html CIA]</ref>, batuye ku buso bwa km² 814.578. [[Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] ni : [[İstiklâl Marşı]]. [[File:View_from_Mardin_to_the_Mesopotamian_plains.jpg|thumb|View from Mardin to the Mesopotamian plains]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Turukiya == Intara (''il'') → Uturere (''ilçe'') → Imirenge/Utugari (''bucak'' cyangwa ''nahiye'') → Imidugudu (''köy'') :Intara za Turukiya ni 81. :Uturere twa Turukiya ni 957. :Imirenge n’utugari bya Turukiya ni 634. :Imidigudu ya Turukiya ni 40.000. == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=2 | |- | '''Imyaka''' || '''Imibare y’abaturage''' |- | [[1927]] || 13.648.987 |- | [[1935]] || 16.158.567 |- | [[1940]] || 17.821.543 |- | [[1945]] || 18.790.987 |- | [[1950]] || 20.947.155 |- | [[1955]] || 24.065.543 |- | [[1960]] || 27.755.532 |- | [[1965]] || 31.391.651 |- | [[1970]] || 35.605.653 |- | [[1975]] || 40.348.789 |- | [[1980]] || 44.737.321 |- | [[1985]] || 50.664.654 |- | [[1990]] || 56.473.653 |- | [[2000]] || 67.804.543 |- | [[2007]] || 70.586.256 |- | [[2008]] || 71.517.100 |- | [[2009]] || 72.561.312 |- | [[2010]] || 73.722.988 |- | colspan=3 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=TÜİK |url=http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&tb_adi=N%C3%BCfus%20%C4%B0statistikleri%20ve%20Projeksiyonlar&ust_id=11 |accessdate=2021-08-08 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512070043/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&tb_adi=N%C3%BCfus%20%C4%B0statistikleri%20ve%20Projeksiyonlar&ust_id=11 |deadurl=yes }}</ref></small> |} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Anit Kabir (6526103103).jpg| File:Aya sofya.jpg| File:Kocatepe Mosque Ankara.jpg| File:State Painting and Sculpture Museum of Ankara.jpg| File:DolmabahceMainGate.JPG| File:İzmir clock tower.jpg| File:Pamukkale00.JPG| File:Eskişehir-Aycan.jpg| File:Antalya falezler.jpg| File:Alanya.jpg| File:Bluemosquefront.jpg| File:Diyarbakir P1050751 20080427135832.JPG| </gallery> == Ubuperezida bwa Turukiya == * [[Abaperezida ba Turukiya]] == References == <references/> {{Uburayi}} {{Aziya}} [[Category:Turukiya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fv793l2pg3dcxdu1xd9nxf1o0470qaq 14 3613 67182 57730 2013-03-14T05:49:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 35 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7004983]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inigwahabiri]] oun749c9qz4b2rtmad69esq2l3wj2l6 0 3614 76941 65149 2021-08-04T02:16:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Natural Animals.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|inyamaswa]] '''Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera''' ni ukuvuga ikinyabuzima icyo aricyo cyose, [[fungi]], [[bagiteri]], [[virusi]], [[virusi nk’ikinyabuzima]] cyangwa ibiburangoro ndetse n’[[inyamaswa]], kigaragajwe na Minisitiri ko gitungwa n’ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka kubuhinzi. [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 6zoj06mdku6lejb8vy99z5d2vhwicf6 0 3615 77376 65150 2021-08-10T01:08:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Image from page 187 of "Biology; the story of living things" (1937).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|kubimera]] '''Kororoka''' ni ukuvuga ko [[ikimera]] kigenewe gukoreshwa mu kororoka cyangwa muri gahunda yo kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibimera. [[Dosiye:Sketch of the human genitalia german.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|ibitsina byombi]] ====== Kororka ni igihe abantu bakoze imibonano mpuza bitsina hatagi y'umugabo n'umugore. ====== [[Category:Ibimera]] izdrzyu7euw5724019kub1c23pxkudm 0 3616 79221 78662 2021-08-31T16:08:30Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:International_Plant_Protection_Convention.jpg|International_Plant_Protection_Convention.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:P199|P199]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Emmynoah|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera''' (IPPC mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''International Plant Protection Convention'' ) ni amasezerano yemejwe n’inaa y’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buhinzi n’ibiribwa (FAO) mu nteko yayo ya 29 ugushyingo 1997, agashyirwa mu bikorwa tariki ya 02 ukwakira 2005, kandi akaba akubiyemo n’ibyahinduwe byashyizwe mu bikorwa. [[Dosiye:Münster, Wochenmarkt -- 2015 -- 7402.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|kubungabunga ibimera]] [[Category:Imiryango]] [[Category:Ibimera]] ls74gcq8dqr00w7qoznyt8t7ijotfsj 0 3617 15883 2011-01-03T02:14:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera]] 8nkmmk31id4ayjr471krcy0ddbjq6qv 0 3618 70532 65152 2016-05-20T16:50:49Z Escarbot 72 wikidata interwiki wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kudzu on trees in Atlanta, Georgia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibisimba byaduka (ubwoko: ''Pueraria lobata'')</font>]] '''Ibisimba byaduka''' ni ukuvuga ibisimba byaduka bikigarurira ahantu kamere hatuwe kandi bikaba bishobora no kuhangiza. [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 85e0gdt29ndo1t9kup3rxgvqclcws2g 0 3619 81464 80132 2022-01-31T10:54:06Z Minorax 8248 /* Amoko y’akabambano */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igituba''' Igituba ni umwenge w'igitsina cy'abagore winjirwamo n'imboro mu gikorwa cy'imibonano mpuza bitsina <br /> == Amoko y’akabambano == [[File:Hymen en.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amoko y’akabambano</span>]] *birerekana umwinjiriro w’igituba ufite akabambano gasanzwe, agahu koroshye gafunga ho igice umwinjiriro w’igituba. *irerekana akabambano gafunga 100% umwinjiriro w’igituba, ubu bwoko bwa akabambano busaba ko muganga abaga umukobwa kugira ngo amaraso yo mu mihango abone aho anyura. *irerekana aho akabambano yahoze umugore amaze kubyara. Akabambano iyo gakuhweho igihe umukobwa bamuswera ava amaraso ariyo kera bashakaga kureba kugirango bemere ko ari isugi. Aha umuntu yakwibaza niba abagabo bo batababara igihe baswera umukobwa w'isugi kuko bisaba ingufu nyinshi >Ese bo imboro itaha amahoro aho yo ntikomereka? [[Category:Umubiri w’umuntu]] c1l7lk2uweyt0dedh857k8n9voj9a63 0 3620 77504 77239 2021-08-11T03:58:54Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pesticides_application_02.jpg|thumb|'''Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi''' (ISAR)]] [[Dosiye:Midden_Eierland,_Dit_Eiland_is_Coronavrij_IMG_6064_2020-06-07_13.11.jpg|thumb|Ubworozi mu Rwanda]] '''Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi''' (ISAR mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Rwanda Agricultural Research Institute'' ) Ishami ry’ubushakashatsi ku mbuto ziribwa n’imboga ntiryabagaho muri ISAR mbere ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu 1994]]. Hariho gusa imirima y’amoko anyuranye y’[[avoka]], [[amacunga]], [[makadamiya]] n’[[inanasi]] yari yaratewe muri sitasiyo za Rubona, Karama na Rwerere, guhera mu mwaka wa 1970. Ukurikije umubare munini cyane w’imbuto ziribwa n’imboga ziboneka mu Rwanda ndetse no kw’ isi hose, ubu ingufu zashyizwe mu bushakashatsi == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20110819172853/http://www.isar.rw/spip.php?rubrique1 [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] gkzb62wlafdbumdkf3rzuivubeg9wuh 0 3621 15908 2011-01-03T10:12:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi]] 2vcluohe327af856s274a38qcpqfmg8 0 3622 78303 74119 2021-08-24T01:53:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shiva_Bangalore.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Yoga</span>]] [[File:Yogisculpture.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Yoga</span>]] Umukino wa '''Yoga''' ni [[umukino]]. Yoga imaze koko kwamamara, nubwo inkomoko yayo ari mu [[Buhinde]], ntibyayibujije gushinga ibirindiro mu [[Bushinwa]], mu [[Buyapani]], [[Amerika]], mu [[Burayi]] ndetse no muri [[Afurika]]. Mu Rwagasabo naho ntiyahatanzwe uretse ko itaramenyekana byimazeyo. Kutamenyekana ahanini bigaragarira mu bisubizo abanyarwanda batanga iyo babajijwe icyo bazi kuri Yoga. Bamwe bagira bati: «Yoga ni nk’umikino nka za [[karate]]» abandi bati:«Itera imbaraga zirenze iza muntu bityo ikaba iri “satanique” », hari n’abavuga ko Yoga ari ukujya mu mwuka maze ntihagire ikintu na kimwe utekereza (''concentration totale'') abandi bati: «Ni idini ry’abahinde». Yoga ni ijambo riri mu rurimi rw’[[igisansikiriti]] rikaba rivuga “guhuza”. Guhuza “umubiri , gatekerezi na espri (''body, mind and spirit''), binyujijwe mu gusubiramo imyitozo ngororamubiri (Asanas), ndetse no kwiyinjiramo noneho umuntu akamenya ukuri kuri muri we, uwo ari we bityo akamenya n’abandi. Yoga igizwe n’imyitozo itandukanye y’umubiri, yo guhumeka, yo gutekereza ndetse n’iyo gukora no kuvuga. Yoga rero ni imyitozo ifasha umuntu mu buzima bwa buri munsi, kuko imufasha kuyobora gatekerezi ye (''mind control''). Iyo rero amaze kumenya neza gatekerezi ye, aba noneho ashobora kubaho, guhumeka, gutekereza, kuvuga, gukora no gukunda bya nyabyo. [[Dosiye:2014 Paris Marathon t083120.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|yoga]] == Imiyoboro == {{commonscat|Yoga}} *[http://www.igihe.com/news-3-29-3036.html Ikiganiro kirambuye n'umwarimu wa Yoga mu Rwanda] [[Category:Imikino]] j3o6y2n6w0q1q4r8hwylf6vdwpktzh8 0 3623 78792 72249 2021-08-27T09:34:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Macadamia integrifolia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Makadamiya</font>]] [[File:MacNut2.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Makadamiya</font>]] '''Makadamiya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Macadamia'' ) ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu byinjiza amafaranga menshi ku muhinzi wayo, ariko kikaba ari igihingwa kitagwiriye henshi muri aka karere. [[Dosiye:Macadamia_tetraphylla.jpg|thumb|''Macadamia'' ]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 3mguo799xam6p4l79z7jf9gc4606rkh 0 3624 15925 2011-01-03T10:45:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Makadamiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Makadamiya]] 0alnhpb61efi3dag5bo18ikppq94gr1 0 3625 76440 65775 2021-07-26T13:35:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tarweaar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ingano</font>]] '''Ingano''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Triticum aestivum'') ni igihingwa cyageze mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 1920 kizanywe n’Ikigo cy’[[ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cyo muri Kongo]] (INEAC). [[Dosiye:Ingano.jpg|thumb|Ingano]] Nyuma, mu myaka ya 1950 icyo gihingwa cyaje kurekwa kubera ibura ry’isoko ndetse n’amoko y’ingano atari aberanye n’u Rwanda. Ubu ingano zihingwa mu turere tw’isunzu rya Kongo-Nili, mu turere tw’amakoro ndetse no mu misozi miremire ya Buberuka ku butumburuke buri hejuru ya metero 1900. Iki gihingwa gikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ifu y’ingano ndetse kikaribwa nk’impeke. [[File:Tarwe korrels Triticum aestivum.jpg|left|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">Ingano</font>]] N’ubwo gifite akamaro kanini, ubugunduke bw’ubutaka, indwara n’ibindi byonnyi bituma umusaruro utiyongera. == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.isar.rw/spip.php?article150 ISAR Porogaramu y’ingano] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] 6dwip8zl32sklkx07ij2tsx01a7qbgr 0 3626 15933 2011-01-03T10:59:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingano]] t7xyhqcdzbt5cr7eiun8dfv181h62dr 0 3632 76103 69483 2021-07-18T07:12:22Z Tarih 1914 +video #WPWP #WPWPTR wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sultan Ahmed Mosque Istanbul Turkey retouched.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet</font>]] [[File:Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istambul.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet''' (izina mu [[kinyaturukiya]]: ''Sultanahmet Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. == Amafoto == <gallery> Istanbul.Sultanahmet.BlueMosque.jpg| Blaue moschee 6minarette.jpg| Istanbul-Sultan-Ahmet-Camii.jpg| Sultan Ahmed Mosque2.jpg| Blue mosque2.jpg| Blekitny Meczet RB1.jpg| Sultan Ahmed Mosque 02.JPG| Sultan Ahmed Mosque 01.JPG| Turquie - Istanbul - Mosquee bleue - interieur.jpg| Blekitny Meczet RB3.jpg| SultanAhmetMosqueInterior.jpg| SultanAhmetMosqueCourtyard.jpg| Blue Mosque.ogv |thumb |Umusigiti wa Sultanahmet </gallery> [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] n52oilspwpx1kujhg2fbe8azdsytg60 0 3633 16968 15959 2011-01-08T01:51:04Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Igiturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukiya]] culrmdautheuip4rjfnpn55nwhicmet 14 3634 67173 62875 2013-03-14T05:48:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 72 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7144569]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Islam]] oew9bf4xycs9684mf3s7hljf1zcy4xs 14 3638 67454 52671 2013-04-02T18:54:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7956776]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki]] [[Category:Rwanda]] d6eam5mjdcbtpgwgs6na4lp6gq372ml 14 3639 65158 64536 2013-03-08T00:04:13Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6426024]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki]] [[Category:Turukiya]] 9jjuasnq03l1ibl6tov4678ja4yekp6 0 3640 79501 77127 2021-10-13T08:45:14Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(2012_Summer_Olympics).svg|Flag_of_Rwanda_(2012_Summer_Olympics).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by SpinnerLaserzthe2n wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyaka ry’Abakozi mu Rwanda''' (PL mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]] ; izina mu gifaransa : ''Parti libéral '' ) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ishyaka riri mu kwaha kwa FPR. [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] s41x7jlcw1hel00a0o7hymsxdubqc2k 0 3641 15975 2011-01-03T12:47:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] psowqxu7b7t4g96euctjmqhomwahspy 0 3642 15976 2011-01-03T12:47:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana]] psowqxu7b7t4g96euctjmqhomwahspy 0 3643 77126 15980 2021-08-08T00:58:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] '''Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere''' (PSP) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Dushingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa [[04 Kamena]] [[2003]], cyane cyane mu nteruro yaryo ya gatatu ivuga ibyerekeye Imitwe ya Politiki, no ku Itegeko no 16/2003 ryo ku wa 27/06/2003 rigenga Imitwe ya Politiki n’abanyapolitiki; Twebwe abiyemeje gushyiraho “Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere” mu gifaransa “Parti de la Solidarité et du Progrès » mu cyongereza « Party for Solidarity and Progress » mu magambo ahinnye « PSP » == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.forumfp.org.rw/index.php?option=com_docman%&task=doc_download&gid=64&Itemid%=124&lang=en Amategeko ngenga y’Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere (PSP)] [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] abohi1mnqo12l1gb0hazp6dunrvv1rd 0 3644 15981 2011-01-03T13:25:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka ry’Ubwisungane Bugamije Iterambere]] o8iolk83jhp38fuv48fjhtr627ki9i7 0 3645 77124 65160 2021-08-08T00:16:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg|center|thumb|456x456px|Rwanda]] '''Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane''' (PPC mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]] ; izina mu gifaransa : ''Parti pour le Progrès et la Concorde '' ) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni ishyaka ry'inkundarubyino gusa. [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] dd8nmccrn92445spq5bg0unpo1jribr 0 3646 15986 2011-01-03T13:32:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] rfxkc20wjlxol1iaqynx1vyvxomb5fw 0 3647 15987 2011-01-03T13:33:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka ry’Iterambere n’Ubusabane]] rfxkc20wjlxol1iaqynx1vyvxomb5fw 0 3648 77545 77123 2021-08-12T19:40:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''P.S.Imberakuri''' cyangwa '''Ishyaka ry’Imberakuri mu Rwanda''' (izina mu gifaransa : ''Parti Social Imberakuri'' na izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Social Party Imberakuri'') ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20100829093035/http://www.imberakuri.org/ [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] ef9rcwazx1ynuz6cmvjbsleeaqbjqqh 0 3649 15990 2011-01-03T13:45:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[P.S.Imberakuri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[P.S.Imberakuri]] ttzc01rwiy37d1wi428mrqlocb5072r 0 3650 77121 15992 2021-08-08T00:04:37Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Ishyaka FDU-Inkingi''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Forces Démocratiques Unifiées'' na izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''United Democratic Forces - Inkingi'') ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] gxqr7x3vkyxjisf3p495af8bj04p23j 0 3651 77122 68161 2021-08-08T00:07:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyaka PPR-Imvura''' (''Parti Populaire Rwandais'' ) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ishyaka RPP-Imvura rirasaba ibihugu byose bikomeye byose ku isi gufasha abanyarwanda guca akarengane kari mu Rwanda gahonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu nta nkomanga. Mu ibaruwa ndende iryo shyaka ryandikiye ibihugu byishi bikomeye byo hirya no hino kwisi, harimo n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ndetse n’abantu kugiti cyabo bishuti magara za Kagame, isaba ko bamwumvisa akemera ibiganiro n’abatavuga rumwe nawe akubaha demikarasi . [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] RPP- Imvura yakomeje ivuga ko batabara u Rwanda inzira zikigendeka hato rutazagwa mu bibazo rwaguyemo muri 1994, aho rwatakaje abantu barenga miliyoni abandi batagira ingano bagahunga igihugu cyabo bagata ibyabo n’aba bo .Muri abo bose iryo shyaka ryandikiye, abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma bagera kuri 23, bamaze kwandikira perezida Kagame bamumenyasha ibyo iryo shyaka risaba. Mu iriyo baruwa ndende, ikinyamakuru Umuvigizi gifitiye kopi, iryo shyaka riravuga ko u Rwanda, rutigeze rugira amahoro, abaturage bakomeje guhura n’ikibazo kitotezwa kuburyo bukomeye, kubera ubuyobozi bubi, ibyo byose byagiye bigira uruhare mu mibereho mibi y’abaturage b’u Rwanda, bamwe bakicwa abandi bagahunga. Ishyaka FPR, ryatangiye urugamba rufite intego zo kugarura amahoro no gucyura impunzi ndetse no kubaka leta n’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko cyubaha uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-muntu kandi kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.rwandapeopleparty.org/ [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] s65xr5r02n1kq85fsht8r94tb4qykz7 0 3652 78837 76336 2021-08-27T17:14:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi''' (FPR mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]] ; izina mu gifaransa : ''Front Patriotique Rwandais'' ) ni [[ishyaka rya politiki]] mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Paul_Kagame_(2018-06-13).jpg|thumb|Perezida Paul Kagame washinze, akanahagararira ishyaka rya RPF Inkotanyi]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Patriotic_Front_Flag.png|thumb|Ikirango k'ishyaka riri k'ubutegetsi mu Rwanda FPR inkotanyi]] Leta iyobowe na FPR yashyizeho iminsi mikuru – Umunsi w’ Intwari (1 Gashyantare), Umunsi wo kwibuka [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (7 Mata), Umunsi w’ Ubwigenge (1 Nyakanga), Umunsi wo kwibohoza (4 Nyakanga), n’ Umunsi wo gukunda igihugu (1 Ukwakira) – muri gahunda yo gucengeza ubumwe hagati y’ amoko kimwe no guha abayobozi urubuga rwo kwibutsa abanyarwanda ko bagomba kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Itegekonshinga ryasubiwemo muri 2003 ryaciye imvugo yose yerekeranye n’ amoko (ingingo ya 33) kimwe no guhana umuntu wese uvangura amoko cg upfobya jenoside (ingingo ya 13). FPR kandi yahinduye muri 2006 amazina y’ uturere mu nzengo zose z’ ubutegetsi, kuva ku mirenge kugeza mu ntara, muri gahunda yo gukingira abacitse ku icumu no kubibagiza aho ababo baguye. [[Dosiye:Rwandan_soldiers_singing_anti-AIDS_song.jpg|thumb|Ingabo za FPR inkotanyi]] == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100808013144/http://www.rpfinkotanyi.org/ rpfinkotanyi.org] [[Category:Amashyaka ya politiki mu Rwanda]] p01olfc88ro9v3ryiq59hpq891vh5vf 0 3653 15996 2011-01-03T14:40:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi]] inqxqumwcyje9erfccw9a0axdkurtlx 0 3654 15997 2011-01-03T14:40:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi]] inqxqumwcyje9erfccw9a0axdkurtlx 0 3655 76322 70768 2021-07-23T05:32:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Omar_al-Bashir_empty_chair,_12th_AU_Summit,_090131-N-0506A-193.jpg|thumb|Inama ya 12 yahuje abayobozi b'ibihugu by' Africa ihagarariwe na Nyakubahwa Omar al-Bashir, (12th AU Summit)]] '''Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika''' (NEPAD) igamije kongera uburyo butuma ibidukikije byo muri [[Afurika]] birushaho kuba byiza, kurwanya ubukene, kongerera ubushobozi Afurika mu gushira mu bikorwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga mu rwego rw’isi no mu rwego rw’akarere, guhangana ku buryo buboneye n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije byugarije ibidukikije muri Afurika mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rusange rya NEPAD. Reka noneho twibaze: "Niba koko '''Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika''' (NEPAD) wakabaye kimwe mubyatuma Africa itera imbere abayobozi b'ibihugu bya Africa bagira uruhe ruhare mugushyira mubikorwa uwo mugambi"? [[Dosiye:NEPAD_Executive_Director,_Dr._Ibrahim_Assane_Mayaki_(16518124582).jpg|thumb|NEPAD Executive Director, Dr. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki ]] [[Dosiye:Ibrahim-assane-mayaki-nepad-press-brefing-2011-10-07.jpg|thumb|umuyobozi mukuru wa NEPAD Ibrahim-assane-mayaki]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] 6ava3klg7zgub7j5ljluxp3skvuj59w 0 3656 16011 2011-01-03T15:40:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika]] 39y9ufcoi32dw4qlykc02wwjp7y69ip 14 3658 65163 61488 2013-03-08T00:05:07Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 188 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1458083]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 3659 81359 68981 2022-01-21T19:15:27Z НСНУ 10569 /* Active codes */ Masedoniya ya Ruguru, Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:South East Asia Exchange Rates (6031878489).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''ISO 4217''' <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Active codes == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | AED || 784 || [[Idiramu UAE]] || [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] |- | AFN || 971 || [[Afugani]] || [[Afuganisitani]] |- | ALL || 008 || [[Ileki rya Alubaniya]] || [[Alubaniya]] |- | AMD || 051 || [[Idiramu rya Arumeniya]] || [[Arumeniya]] |- | ANG || 532 || [[Igwilida Antiye Nederilande]] || [[Curaçao]], [[Sint Maarten]] |- | AOA || 973 || [[Ikwanza ry’Angola]] || [[Angola]] |- | ARS || 032 || [[Ipezo ry’Arijantine]] || [[Arijantina]] |- | AUD || 036 || [[Idolari rya Ositaraliya]] || [[Ositaraliya]], [[Kiribati]], [[Nawuru]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tuvalu]] |- | AWG || 533 || [[Igwilida Nyarubani]] || [[Aruba]] |- | AZN || 944 || [[Imanati Nyazeribayijani]] || [[Azeribayijani]] |- | BAM || 977 || [[Amamarike Ahindurwa]] || [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] |- | BBD || 052 || [[Idolari rya Barubadosi]] || [[Barubadosi]] |- | BDT || 050 || [[Itaka Nyabangaladeshi]] || [[Bangaladeshi]] |- | BGN || 975 || [[Ilevi Nyabulugariya]] || [[Buligariya]] |- | BHD || 048 || [[Idenari rya Bahireyini]] || [[Bahirayini]] |- | BIF || 108 || [[Ifaranga ry’Uburundi]] || [[Uburundi]] |- | BMD || 060 || [[Idolari rya Berimuda]] || [[Berimuda]] |- | BND || 096 || [[Idorali rya Buruneyi]] || [[Buruneyi]], [[Singapore]] |- | BOB || 068 || [[Boliviyano]] || [[Boliviya]] |- | BOV || 984 || Muvidole Nyaboliviya|| [[Boliviya]] |- | BRL || 986 || [[Irili rya Burezile]] || [[Burezile]] |- | BSD || 044 || [[Idolari rya Bahamasi]] || [[Bahamasi]] |- | BTN || 064 || [[Ingulutirumu rya Butani]] || [[Butani]] |- | BWP || 072 || [[Ipula rya Botswana]] || [[Botswana]] |- | BYR || 974 || [[Irubule rya Belarusi]]|| [[Belarusi]] |- | BZD || 084 || [[Idolari rya Belize]] || [[Belize]] |- | CAD || 124 || [[Idolari rya Kanada]] || [[Kanada]] |- | CDF || 976 || [[Ifaranga rya Kongo]] || [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] |- | CHE || 947 || [[Ero]] || [[Ubusuwisi]] |- | CHF || 756 || [[Ifaranga ry’Ubusuwisi]] || [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Liyeshitensiteyine]] |- | CHW || 948 || . || [[Ubusuwisi]] |- | CLF || 990 || [[Unidadesi ya fomento]] || [[Shili]] |- | CLP || 152 || [[Ipezo rya Shili]] || [[Shili]] |- | CNY || 156 || [[Iyeni Reniminibi ry’Ubushinwa]] || [[Ubushinwa]] |- | COP || 170 || [[Ipezo rya Kolombiya]] || [[Kolombiya]] |- | COU || 970 || [[Urugero rw’Agaciro Ndahinduka UVC]] || [[Kolombiya]] |- | CRC || 188 || [[Ikoloni rya Cosita Rika]] || [[Kosita Rika]] |- | CUC || 931 || [[Ipezo rya Kiba]] || [[Kiba]] |- | CUP || 192 || [[Ipezo rya Kiba]] || [[Kiba]] |- | CVE || 132 || [[Esikudo rya Kapu Veride]] || [[Kapu Veri]] |- | CZK || 203 || [[Ikoruna rya Ceke]] || [[Cekiya]] |- | DJF || 262 || [[Ifaranga rya Jibuti]] || [[Jibuti]] |- | DKK || 208 || [[Ikorone rya Danemarike]] || [[Danimarike]], [[Ibirwa bya Farowe]], [[Goronulande]] |- | DOP || 214 || [[Ipezo rya Dominika]] || [[Repubulika ya Dominikani]] |- | DZD || 012 || [[Idenari rya Aligeriya]] || [[Aligeriya]] |- | EGP || 818 || [[Ipawundi rya Misiri]] || [[Misiri]] |- | ERN || 232 || [[Nakfa rya Eritereya]] cyangwa [[Inakifa rya Eritereya]]|| [[Eritereya]] |- | ETB || 230 || [[Ibiri rya Etiyopiya]] || [[Etiyopiya]] |- | EUR || 978 || [[Ero]] || [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] , [[Andora]], [[Kosovo]], [[Monako]], [[Montenegoro]], [[Mutagatifu Marino]], [[Vatikani]] |- | FJD || 242 || [[Idolari Fiji]] || [[Fiji]] |- | FKP || 238 || [[Ipawundi by’Ibirwa bya Falukilande]] || [[Ibirwa bya Folukilande]] |- | GBP || 826 || [[Ipawundi Siterilingi]] || [[Ubwongereza]], ([[Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo]]) |- | GEL || 981 || [[Ilari Geworugiya]] || [[Geworugiya]] |- | GHS || 936 || [[Isedi rya Gana]] || [[Gana]] |- | GIP || 292 || [[Ipawundi rya Giburalitari]] || [[Giburalitari]] |- | GMD || 270 || [[Idalasi rya Gambiya]] || [[Gambiya]] |- | GNF || 324 || [[Ifaranga rya Gineya]] || [[Gineya]] |- | GTQ || 320 || [[Ikwetsali rya Gwatemala]] || [[Gwatemala]] |- | GYD || 328 || [[Idolari rya Guyana]] || [[Giyana]] |- | HKD || 344 || [[Idolari Hongo Kongo]] || [[Hongo Kongo]] |- | HNL || 340 || [[Ilempira rya Hondurasi]] || [[Hondurasi]] |- | HRK || 191 || [[Ikuna rya Korowasiya]] || [[Korowatiya]] |- | HTG || 332 || [[Igurude rya Hayiti]] || [[Hayiti]] |- | HUF || 348 || [[Iforenti rya Hongiriya]] || [[Hongiriya]] |- | IDR || 360 || [[Irupi rya Indonesiya]] || [[Indonesiya]] |- | ILS || 376 || [[Ishekeli rya Isirayeli]] || [[Isirayeli]] |- | INR || 356 || [[Rupi ry’Ubuhinde]] || [[Butani]], [[Ubuhinde]] |- | IQD || 368 || [[Idenari rya Iraki]] || [[Irake]] |- | IRR || 364 || [[Iriyali ry’Irani]] || [[Irani]] |- | ISK || 352 || [[Ikorona rya Isilande]] || [[Isilande]] |- | JMD || 388 || [[Idolari rya Jamayika]] || [[Jamayika]] |- | JOD || 400 || [[Idenari rya Yorudaniya]] || [[Yorudani]] |- | JPY || 392 || [[Iyeni ry’Ubuyapani]] || [[Ubuyapani]] |- | KES || 404 || [[Ishilingi rya Kenya]] || [[Kenya]] |- | KGS || 417 || [[Isomu rya Kirigizasitani]] || [[Kirigizasitani]] |- | KHR || 116 || [[Iriyeli rya Kamboji]] || [[Kambodiya]] |- | KMF || 174 || [[Ifaranga rya Komore]] || [[Komore]] |- | KPW || 408 || [[Iwani rya Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] || [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] |- | KRW || 410 || [[Iwani rya Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] || [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] |- | KWD || 414 || [[Idenari rya Koweti]] || [[Koweti]] |- | KYD || 136 || [[Idolari ry’Ibirwa bya Kayimani]] || [[Ibirwa bya Kayimani]] |- | KZT || 398 || [[Itenge rya Kazakisitani]] || [[Kazakisitani]] |- | LAK || 418 || [[Ikipu rya Lawosi]] || [[Lawosi]] |- | LBP || 422 || [[Ipawundi rya Libani]] || [[Libani]] |- | LKR || 144 || [[Irupi rya Siri Lanka]] || [[Siri Lanka]] |- | LRD || 430 || [[Idolari rya Liberiya]] || [[Liberiya]] |- | LSL || 426 || [[Iloti rya Lesoto]] || [[Lesoto]] |- | LTL || 440 || [[Ilitasi rya Lituwaniya]] || [[Lituwaniya]] |- | LVL || 428 || [[Ilatsi rya Lativiya]] || [[Lativiya]] |- | LYD || 434 || [[Idenari rya Libiya]] || [[Libiya]] |- | MAD || 504 || [[Idiramu rya Maroke]] || [[Maroke]], [[Sahara y’Uburengerazuba]] |- | MDL || 498 || [[Ilewu rya Moludova]] || [[Molidova]] |- | MGA || 969 || [[Ifaranga rya Madagasikari]] || [[Madagasikari]] |- | MKD || 807 || [[Idenari rya Masedoniya]] || [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] |- | MMK || 104 || [[Ikiyati rya Mayanimari]] || [[Mayanimari]] |- | MNT || 496 || [[Ituguriki rya Mongoliya]] || [[Mongoliya]] |- | MOP || 446 || [[Ipataka rya Makawo]] || [[Makawo]] |- | MRO || 478 || [[Ugwiya rya Moritaniya]] || [[Moritaniya]] |- | MUR || 480 || [[Irupi ry’Ibirwa bya Morise]] || [[Morise]] |- | MVR || 462 || [[Irufiya rya Malidive]] || [[Malidivezi]] |- | MWK || 454 || [[Ikwaca rya Malawi]] || [[Malawi]] |- | MXN || 484 || [[Ipezo rya Megizike]] || [[Megizike]] |- | MXV || 979 || [[Urugero rw’Ishoramutungo UDI]] || [[Megizike]] |- | MYR || 458 || [[Iringiti rya Maleziya]] || [[Malesiya]] |- | MZN || 943 || . || [[Mozambike]] |- | NAD || 516 || [[Idolari rya Namibiya]] || [[Namibiya]] |- | NGN || 566 || [[Inayira rya Nigeriya]] || [[Nigeriya]] |- | NIO || 558 || [[Ikorudoba Oro rya Nikaragwa]] || [[Nikaragwa]] |- | NOK || 578 || [[Ikorone rya Noruveje]] || [[Noruveje]] |- | NPR || 524 || [[Irupi rya Nepali]] || [[Nepali]] |- | NZD || 554 || [[Idolari Zelande Nshya]] || [[Ibirwa bya Kuke]], [[Nuveli Zelande]], [[Niyuwe]], [[Piticayirine]], [[Tokelawu]] |- | OMR || 512 || [[Iriyali rya Omani]] || [[Omani]] |- | PAB || 590 || [[Ibalubowa rya Panama]] || [[Panama]] |- | PEN || 604 || [[Inuvo solu rya Peru]] || [[Peru]] |- | PGK || 598 || [[Ikina rya Papuwa Gineya Nshya]] || [[Papuwa Nuveli Gineya]] |- | PHP || 608 || [[Ipezo rya Filipine]] || [[Filipine]] |- | PKR || 586 || [[Irupi rya Pakisitani]] || [[Pakisitani]] |- | PLN || 985 || [[Iziloti rya Polonye]] || [[Polonye]] |- | PYG || 600 || [[Igwarani rya Paragwe]] || [[Paragwe]] |- | QAR || 634 || [[Iriyali rya Katari]] || [[Katari]] |- | RON || 946 || [[Ilewu rya Romaniya]] || [[Romaniya]] |- | RSD || 941 || . || [[Seribiya]] |- | RUB || 643 || [[Irubule ry’Uburusiya]] || [[Uburusiya]], [[Abukaziya]] |- | RWF || 646 || [[Ifaranga ry’Urwanda]] || [[Rwanda]] |- | SAR || 682 || [[Iriyali ry’Arabiya Sawudite]] || [[Arabiya Sawudite]] |- | SBD || 090 || [[Idolari ry’Ibirwa bya Salomoni]] || [[Ibirwa bya Solomoni]] |- | SCR || 690 || [[Irupi rya Seyishele]] || [[Seyishele]] |- | SDG || 938 || [[Ipawundi rya Sudani]] || [[Sudani]] |- | SEK || 752 || [[Ikorona rya Swede]] || [[Suwede]] |- | SGD || 702 || [[Idolari rya Singapuru]] || [[Singapore]], [[Buruneyi]] |- | SHP || 654 || [[Ipawundi rya Mutagatifu Helena]] || [[Helena Ntagatifu]] |- | SLL || 694 || [[Ilewone]] || [[Siyera Lewone]] |- | SOS || 706 || [[Ishilingi rya Somaliya]] || [[Somaliya]] |- | SRD || 968 || [[Idolari rya Surinamu]] || [[Surinamu]] |- | STD || 678 || [[Idobura rya Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] || [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] |- | SYP || 760 || [[Ipawundi rya Siriya]] || [[Siriya]] |- | SZL || 748 || [[Ililangeni rya Swazilande]] || [[Eswatini]] |- | THB || 764 || [[Ibahiti rya Tayilande]] || [[Tayilande]] |- | TJS || 972 || [[Isomoni rya Tajiki]] || [[Tajikisitani]] |- | TMT || 934 || [[Imanati rya Turikimenisitani]] || [[Turikimenisitani]] |- | TND || 788 || [[Idenari rya Tunisiya]] || [[Tunisiya]] |- | TOP || 776 || [[Ipanga rya Tonga]] || [[Tonga]] |- | TRY || 949 || [[Ilira rya Turukiya]] || [[Turukiya]], [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] |- | TTD || 780 || [[Idolari rya Tirinida na Tobago]] || [[Tirinida na Tobago]] |- | TWD || 901 || [[Idolari rya Tayiwani Nshya]] || [[Tayiwani]] |- | TZS || 834 || [[Ishilingi rya Tanzaniya]] || [[Tanzaniya]] |- | UAH || 980 || [[Ihariviniya rya Ukerene]] || [[Ikerene]] |- | UGX || 800 || [[Ishilingi rya Uganda]] || [[Yuganda]] |- | USD || 840 || [[Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], [[Samowa Nyamerika]], [[Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza]], [[Antiye za Nederilande]], [[Ekwadoro]], [[Saluvadoro]], [[Gwami]], [[Hayiti]], [[Ibirwa bya Marishali]], [[Mikoronesiya]], [[Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru]], [[Palawu]], [[Panama]], [[Puwerito Riko]], [[Timoro-Lesite]], [[Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi]], [[Ibirwa bya Virigini]], [[Berimuda]] |- | USN || 997 || Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (Umunsi ukurikira) || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] |- | USS || 998 || Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (Umunsi umwe) || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] |- | UYU || 858 || [[Ipezo rya Irigwe]] || [[Irigwe]] |- | UZS || 860 || [[Isamu rya Uzubekisitani]] || [[Uzubekisitani]] |- | VEF || 937 || [[Ibolivari rya Venezuwela]] || [[Venezuwela]] |- | VND || 704 || [[Idongi rya Viyetinamu]] || [[Viyetinamu]] |- | VUV || 548 || [[Ivatu rya Vatuwana]] || [[Vanuwatu]] |- | WST || 882 || [[Itala rya Samowani]] || [[Samowa y’Uburengerazuba]] |- | XAF || 950 || [[faranga CFA BEAC]] || [[Kameruni]], [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Cade]], [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]], [[Gabo]] |- | XAG || 961 || [[Ifeza]] || |- | XAU || 959 || [[Zahabu]] || |- | XBA || 955 || [[Urugero Rukomatanije Nyaburayi]] (EURCO) (Ingero z’Amasoko ya Bo) || |- | XBB || 956 || [[Urugero rw’Ifaranga ry’Iburayi]] (E.M.U.-6) (Ingero z’Amasoko ya Bo) || |- | XBC || 957 || [[Urugero rwa konte Nyaburayi]] (E.U.A.-9) (Ingero z’Amasoko ya Bo) || |- | XBD || 958 || [[Urugero rwa konte Nyaburayi]] (E.U.A.-17) (Ingero z’Amasoko ya Bo) || |- | XCD || 951 || [[Idolari rya Karayibe y’Uburasirazuba]] || [[Angwiya]], [[Antigwa na Baribuda]], [[Dominika]], [[Gerenada]], [[Monserati]], [[Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi]], [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Leta)|Mutagatifu Lusiya]], [[Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine]] |- | XDR || 960 || [[Uburenganzira Budasanzwe bw’Igishushanyo]] || [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari]] |- | XFU || Nil || [[Ifaranga-UIC]] || [[International Union of Railways]] |- | XOF || 952 || [[Ifaranga CFA BCEAO]] || [[Bene]], [[Burukina Faso]], [[Kote Divuwari]], [[Guneya-Biso]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeri]], [[Senegali]], [[Togo]] |- | XPD || 964 || [[Paladiyumu]] || |- | XPF || 953 || [[Ifaranga CFP]] || [[Polinesiya Nyamfaransa]], [[Nuveli Kalidoniya]], [[Walisi na Fatuna]] |- | XPT || 962 || [[Pulatinumu]] || |- | XTS || 963 || Itegekongenga ku mpamvu z’igerageza || |- | XXX || 999 || Nta faranga rizamo || |- | YER || 886 || [[Iriyali rya Yemeni]] || [[Yemeni]] |- | ZAR || 710 || [[Irandi ry’Afurika y’Epfo]] || [[Afurika y’Epfo]] |- | ZMK || 894 || [[Ikwaca rya Zambiya]] || [[Zambiya]] |- | ZWL || 932 || [[Idolari rya Zimbabwe]] || [[Zimbabwe]] |} == Obsolete currency codes == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! "From" !! "Until" !! "Replaced by" |- | ADF || ... || [[Ifaranga ry’Urwanda]] || ? || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | ADP || 020 || [[Ipeseta ry’Andora]] || ? || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | ATS || 040 || [[Ishilingi rya Ositiriya]] || 1945 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | AHK || 040 || [[Austro-Hungarian krone]] || 1892 || 1921 || CSK |- | BEF || 056 || [[Ifaranga Mutungo ry’Ububiligi]] || 1832 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | CYP || 196 || [[Ipawundi rya Shipure]] || 1879 || 2008-01-01 || EUR |- | DEM || 276 || [[Imarike ry’Ubudage]] || 1948 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | EEK || 223 || [[Ikorone rya Esitoniya]] || 1992 || 2011-01-01 || EUR |- | ESP || 724 || [[Ipeseta rya Esipanye]] || 1869 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | FIM || 246 || [[Imarika rya Finilande]] || 1860 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | FRF || 250 || [[Ifaranga ry’Ubufaransa]] || 1960 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | GRD || 300 || [[Idarakuma ry’Ubugereki]] || 1954 || 2001-01-01 || EUR |- | GGK || 300 || . || 1873 || 1922 || GPM |- | GPM || 300 || . || 1922 || 1923 || GRM |- | IEP || 372 || [[Ipawundi rya Irilande]] || 1938 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | ITL || 380 || [[Ilira ry’Ubutaliyani]] || 1861 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | LUF || 442 || [[Ifaranga rya Lugizamburu]] || 1944 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | MCF || ... || . || 1960 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | MAF || ... || [[Idiramu rya Maroke]] || 1921 || 1960–1976 || MAD |- | MTL || 470 || [[Ilira rya Malita]] || || 2008-01-01 || EUR |- | NLG || 528 || [[Igwilida rya Nederilande]] || 1810s || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | PTE || 620 || [[Esikudo rya Porutigali]] || 1911-05-22 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | SIT || 705 || [[Itolari rya Siloveniya]] || 1991-10-08 || 2007-01-01 || EUR |- | SKK || 703 || [[Ikoruna rya Silovakiya]] || 1993-02-08 || 2009-01-01 || EUR |- | SML || ... || . || 1864 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | VAL || ... || . || 1929 || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | XEU || 954 || [[Urugero rw’Ifaranga ry’Iburayi ECU]] || ? || 1999-01-01 || EUR |- | AFA || 004 || . || 1925 || 2003 || AFN |- | AON || 024 || [[Ikwanza Lishya ry’Angola]] || 1990 || 1995 || AOR |- | AOR || 982 || [[Ikwanza Ritunganijwe ry’Angola]] || 1995 || 1999 || AOA |- | ARL || ... || [[Ipezo ry’Arijantine]] || 1970-01-01 || 1983-05-05 || ARP |- | ARP || ... || [[Ipezo ry’Arijantine]] || 1983-06-06 || 1985-06-14 || ARA |- | ARA || ... || [[Ositarali rya Arijantine]] || 1985-06-15 || 1991-12-31 || ARS |- | AZM || 031 || [[Imanati Nyazeribayijani]] || 1992-08-15 || 2006-01-01 || AZN |- |BDT || || . || February 1972 || Still in use|| |- | BGL || 100 || Ilevi A/52 rya Bulugariya || 1962 || 1999-07-05 || BGN |- | BOP || ... || [[Ipezo rya Boliviya]] || 1963-01-01 || 1987-01-01 || BOB |- | BRB || ... || [[Ikuruzeyiro rya Burezile]] || 1967 || 1986 || BRC |- | BRC || ... || [[Ikuruzado rya Burezile]] || 1986 || 1989 || BRN |- | BRE || ... || [[Ikuruzeyiro rya Burezile]] || 1990 || 1993 || BRR |- | BRN || ... || [[Ikuruzado Rishya rya Burezile]] || 1989-01-15 || 1990-03-15 || BRE |- | BRR || ... || [[Ikuruzeyiro Rili rya Burezile]] || 1993-08-01 || 1994 || BRL |- | CSD || 891 || [[Idenari rya Seribiya]] || 2003-07-03 || 2006 || RSD |- | CSK || 200 || [[Ikorona rya Cekosilovakiya]] || ? || 1993-02-08 || CZK na SKK |- | DDM || 278 || [[Imarike rya DDR]] || 1948-06-21 || 1990-07-01 || DEM |- | ECS || 218 || [[Isukari rya Ekwadoro]] || ? || 2000 || USD |- | ECV || 983 || [[Urugero rw’Agaciro Ndahinduka UVC]] || 1993 || 2000-01-09 || - |- | GQE || ... || [[Ekwele rya Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] || 1975 || 1985 || XAF |- | ESA || 996 || Ipeseta rya Esipanye (Konte ’A’)|| ? || ? || ESP |- | ESB || 995 || Ipeseta rya Esipanye (rihindurwa) || ? || ? || ESP |- | GNE || ... || [[Isili rya Gineya]] || 1971 || 1985 || GNF |- | GHC || 288 || . || 1967 || 2007-07-01 || GHS |- | GWP || 624 || [[Ipezo rya Gineya-Biso]] || 1975 || 1997 || XOF |- | ILP || ... || [[Ipawundi rya Isirayeli]] || 1948 || 1980 || ILR |- | ILR || ... || [[Ishekeli Rishaje rya Isirayeli]] || 1980-02-24 || 1985-12-31 || ILS |- | ISJ || ... || [[Ikorona Rishaje rya Isilande]] || ? || 1981 || ISK |- | LAJ || ... || [[Ikipu rya Lawosi]] (Ipoto poli rya Lawosi) || ? || 1979 || LAK |- | MGF || 450 || [[Ifaranga rya Madagasikari]] || 1963-07-01 || 2005-01-01 || MGA |- | MKN || ... || . || ? || 1993 || MKD |- | MLF || ... || [[Ifaranga rya Mali]] || ? || 1984 || XOF |- | MVQ || ... || [[Irupi rya Malidivezi]] || ? || 1981 || MVR |- | MXP || ... || . || ? || 1993 || MXN |- | MZM || 508 || [[Imetikale rya Mozambike]] || 1980 || 2006-06-30 || MZN |- | NFD || ... || . || 1865 || 1949 || CAD |- | PEH || ... || [[Isolu rya Peru]] || 1863 || 1985-02-01 || PEI |- | PEI || ... || [[Inti rya Peru]] || 1985-02-01 || 1991-10-01 || PEN |- | PLZ || 616 || [[Iziloti rya Polonye]] A/94 || ? || 1995 || PLN |- | ROL || 642 || [[Ilewu rya Romaniya]] A/05 || 1952-01-28 || 2005 || RON |- | RUR || 810 || [[Irubule ry’Uburusiya]] || 1992 || 1997-12-31 || RUB |- | SDD || 736 || [[Idenari rya Sudani]] || 1992-06-08 || 2007-01-10 || SDG |- | SRG || 740 || [[Igwilida rya Suriname]] || ? || 2004 || SRD |- | SUR || ... || [[Irubule rya USSR]] || 1961 || 1991 || RUR |- | SVC || 222 || [[Ikoloni rya Eli Saluvadoro]] || 1892 || 2001 || USD |- | TJR || 762 || [[Irubule rya Tajiki]] || 1995-05-10 || 2000-10-30 || TJS |- | TMM || 795 || [[Imanati rya Turikimenisitani]] || 1993-11-01 || 2008-12-31 || TMT |- | TRL || 792 || [[Ilira rya Turukiya]] A/05 || ? || 2005 || TRY |- | UAK || 804 || [[Ikaribovaneti rya Ukerene]] || ? || 1996-09-02 || UAH |- | UGS || ... || [[Ishilingi rya Yuganda]] || ? || 1987 || UGX |- | UYN || ... || [[Ipezo Rishaje rya Irigwe]] || ? || 1993-03-01 || UYU |- | VEB || 862 || [[Ibolivari rya Venezuwela]] || ? || 2008-01-01 || VEF |- | XFO || ... || [[Ifaranga-Zahabu]] || ? || 2003 || XDR |- | YDD || 720 || [[Idenari rya Yemeni]] || ? || 1996-06-11 || YER |- | YUD || ... || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1966-01-01 || 1989-12-31 || YUN |- | YUN || ... || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1990-01-01 || 1992-06-30 || YUR |- | YUR || ... || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1992-07-01 || 1993-09-30 || YUO |- | YUO || ... || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1993-10-01 || 1993-12-31 || YUG |- | YUG || ... || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1994-01-01 || 1994-01-23 || YUM |- | YUM || 891 || [[Idenari rya Yugosilaviya]] || 1994-01-24 || 2003-07-02 || CSD |- | ZAL || 991 || [[Irande Mutungo rya Afurika y’Epfo]] || 1985-09-01 || 1995-03-13 || - |- | ZRN || 180 || [[Izayire Rishya]] || 1993 || 1997 || CDF |- | ZRZ || ... || [[Izayire]] || 1967 || 1993 || ZRN |- | ZWC || ... || . || 1970-02-17 || 1980 || ZWD |- | ZWD || 716 || [[Idolari rya Zimbabwe]] A/06 || 1980-04-18 || 2006-07-31 || ZWN |- | ZWN || 942 || [[Idolari rya Zimbabwe]] A/08 || 2006-08-01 || 2008-07-31 || ZWR |- | ZWR || 935 || [[Idolari rya Zimbabwe]] A/09 || 2008-08-01 || 2009-02-02 || ZWL |} == Ibindi == * ALK Ileki Ishaje y’Alubaniya (Albanian Old Lek) * AOK Ikwanza Lishya ry’Angola (Angolan New Kwanza) * BAD Idenari rya Bosiniya na Herizegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina Dinar) * BEC Ifaranga Rihindurwa ry’Ububiligi (Belgian Franc Convertible) * BEL Ifaranga Mutungo ry’Ububiligi (Belgian Franc Financial) * BGJ Ilevi A/52 rya Bulugariya (Bulgarian Lev A/52) * BGK Ilevi A/62 rya Bulugariya (Bulgarian Lev A/62) * BYB Irubule rya Belarusi (Belarussian Rouble) * CNX Idolari rya Banki y’Abaturage b’Ubushinwa (Chinese Peoples Bank Dollar) * CSJ Ikoruna A/53 rya Cekosilovakiya (Czechoslovak Krona A/53) * GEK Ikupo rya Geworugiya (Georgian Coupon ) * GWE Esikudo rya Gineya (Guinea Escudo) * HRD Idenari rya Korowasiya (Croatian Dinar) * LSM Imaloti rya Lesoto (Lesotho Maloti) * LTT Italonasi rya Lituwani (Lithuanian Talonas) * LUC Ifaranga Rihindurwa rya Lugizamburu (Luxembourg Convertible Franc) * LUL Ifaranga Mutungo rya Lugizamburu (Luxembourg Financial Franc) * LVR Irubule rya Lativiya (Latvian Ruble) * MTP Maltese Pound (Ipawundi rya Malite) * MZE Esikudo rya Mozambike (Mozambique Escudo) * NIC Ikorudoba rya Nikaragwa (Nicaraguan Cordoba) * RHD Idolari rya Rodesiya (Rhodesian Dollar) * TLE Esikudo rya Timoro (Timor Escudo) * UGW Ishilingi Rishaje rya Yuganda (Uganda Old Schilling) * VNC Idongi Rishaje ya Viyetinamu (Viet Nam Old Dong) [[Category:Amafaranga]] 4iw2pn818t1z9dsx0xuob3udwkkcto2 0 3660 77888 77503 2021-08-18T05:47:39Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing National_Emblem_of_Afghanistan_002.svg with [[File:Emblem_of_Afghanistan_(2013–2021).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This file should be r wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Emblem of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg|thumb|'''Igiturukimeni''' ni ururimi rukunze gukoreshwa n'abaturage b'igihugu cya Afghanistani]] '''Igiturukimeni''' cyangwa '''Inyeturukimeni''' (izina mu giturukimeni : ''türkmençe'' cyangwa ''türkmen dili'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Turikimenisitani]] n’[[Afuganisitani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''tuk'''. == Amagambo n'interuro mu giturukimeni == * '''Siz iňlisçe gepleýärsiňizmi?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Hawa''' – Yego * '''Ýok''' – Oya * '''bir''' – rimwe * '''iki''' – kabiri * '''üç''' – gatatu * '''dört''' – kane * '''bäş''' – gatanu * '''alty''' – gatandatu * '''ýedi''' – karindwi * '''sekiz''' – umunani * '''dokuz''' – icyenda == Alfabeti y’igiturukimeni == <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ň]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ş]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ý]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ä||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|ž||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ň||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|ş||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|ý||align="center"|z |} </center> == Wikipediya mu giturukimeni == * http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baş_Sahypa [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] s1werxdqpkif0uu1qt122irpstey9o2 0 3661 78991 68503 2021-08-30T10:11:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coin_of_Turkmenistan_13.jpg|thumb|Igiceri cya Turukimenisitani 13]] [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Turukimenisitani</font>]] [[File:LocationTurkmenistan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Turukimenisitani</font>]] '''Turukimenisitani''' cyangwa '''Turikimenisitani''' (izina mu [[giturukimeni]] : ''Türkmenistan'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Turukimenisitani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] dnd04zv9r13go5wg7zfydwmoiyei5iz 0 3662 16139 2011-01-04T19:01:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturukimeni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukimeni]] 531bftxlqhcmkljkujhndbl43wtszl9 0 3663 16140 2011-01-04T19:02:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Turukimenisitani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Turukimenisitani]] df5jyjwn6kihmzwux972dn097izn13f 14 3664 78537 70466 2021-08-25T03:19:33Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q5610083]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 0 3665 81457 76659 2022-01-31T10:53:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان<br />د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت<br />Repebulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Afuganisitani'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:National emblem of Afghanistan.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | <span style="color:grey;">[[Ibendera rya Afuganisitani]]</span> | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Afghanistan in its region.svg|300px]]<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Afuganisitani</span> |} '''Afuganisitani''' (izina mu [[Kinyaperisi]]/[[gipushito]] : '''افغانستان''' ) cyangwa '''Repebulika y’Ubuyisilamu ya Afuganisitani''' (izina mu Kinyaperisi: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان / gipushito : '''د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru [[Dosiye:Stolica_Afganistanu_Kabul_w_2009_roku_02.jpg|thumb|Stolica Afganistanu Kabul w 2009 roku 02]] w’Afuganisitani witwa [[Kabul]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 34,656,032 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 652,864. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Afuganisitani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] eqdn8h8c2ulz4puij9i8p1fagolk94l 0 3667 81459 78456 2022-01-31T10:53:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] [[File:South Africa (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Afurika y’Epfo</span>]] '''Afurika y’Epfo''' cyangwa '''Repubulika''' (cyangwa '''Repebulika''') '''’Afurika y’Epfo''' n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Umujyi mukuru rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Johannesburg. Imijyi mukuru 2 rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Pretoria na Le Cap. Umujyi mukuru rw'amategeko rw'Afurika y'Epfo ni Bloemfontein. [[Dosiye:Cape-town-port-boats.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cape town]] == Amazina == :izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''Republic of South Africa''' :izina mu [[kinyafurikansi]] : '''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''' :izina mu [[kindebele]] (amajyepfo) : '''IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika''' :izina mu [[kigisosa]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika''' :izina mu [[kizulu]] : '''IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyaruguru) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa'''[[File:Johannesburg-bridge.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|202x202px|Johannesburg]] :izina mu [[gisotho]] (amajyepfo) : '''Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa''' :izina mu [[gitswana]] : '''Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa''' :izina mu [[giswati]] : '''IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika''' :izina mu [[kivenda]] : '''Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe'''[[File:Boulders_Beach,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb|Boulders Beach, South Africa]]izina mu [[gitsonga]] : '''Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzon''' {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4sv07ty0z3b4hbczjmy3p2y9t9iblb6 0 3668 81520 72829 2022-01-31T11:02:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Aligeriya</span>]] [[File:Algeria (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Aligeriya</span>]] '''Aligeriya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الجزائر‎''' , izina mu [[tamazight]]: ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 40,400,000 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,381,741. [[File:Annaba,_algeria04.jpg|thumb|Annaba, algeria04]] [[File:The_Aguelmim_Lake,_Tikjda,_Algeria.jpg|thumb|The Aguelmim Lake, Tikjda, Algeria]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Aligeriya]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] p53b1zn5v567c8hug3sxnvvq2ldrhr1 0 3669 81525 73827 2022-01-31T11:03:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|right|100px]] [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Alubaniya</span>]] [[File:Europe-Albania.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Alubaniya</span>]] '''Alubaniya''' cyangwa '''Repebulika y’Alubaniya''' (izina mu [[cyalubaniya]]: ''Shqipëria'' cyangwa ''Republika e Shqipërisë'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Alubaniya witwa [[Tirana]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 2,876,591 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 28,748. [[File:Tirana_Park,_Sheraton,_University.jpg|thumb|Tirana Park, Sheraton, University]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Alubaniya]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] a3k6ncvjbl4l5y16n3tevsp0xvt2m9w 0 3670 82090 82071 2022-02-19T03:57:38Z Ladsgroup 2397 Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Andora</span>]] [[File:Location Andorra Europe.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Andora</span>]] '''Andora''' (izina mu [[gikatalani]]: ''Principat d'Andorra'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 77,281 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 467.63. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w'Andora witwa [[Andorra la Vella]]. [[File:17100_Savona,_Province_of_Savona,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|17100 Savona, Province of Savona, Italy - panoramio]] [[File:FS_E_444_084_Cervo_-_Andora.jpg|thumb|FS E 444 084 Cervo - Andora]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Andora| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0s8m006g98lxjrnz3z2pecuxp3wumkl 0 3671 81544 78694 2022-01-31T11:06:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Angola</span>]] [[File:Location Angola AU Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Angola</span>]] '''Angola''' cyangwa '''Repebulika y’Angola''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''República de Angola'' na izina mu [[kinyakongo]] : ''Repubilika ya Ngola'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Dosiye:Angola-indiana-downtown-theater.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|indiana downtown]] [[File:2019_Book_Biodiversity_of_Angola.pdf|thumb|2019 Book Biodiversity of Angola]] [[File:Morro_do_Moco,_Huambo,_Angola.jpg|thumb|Morro do Moco, Huambo, Angola]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Angola| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4xxv0c3xyyie0sbpnpo5ae52mcm6k9u 0 3672 81545 78409 2022-01-31T11:06:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Anguilla.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Angwiya</span>]] [[File:LocationAnguilla.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Angwiya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Anguilla_Anguilla.svg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Angwiya</span>]] '''Angwiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Anguilla'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3o0afu0k8xhbbdwtptwaakn7sjl78iw 0 3673 81556 78703 2022-01-31T11:08:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Antigwa na Baribuda</span>]] [[File:LocationAntiguaAndBarbuda.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Antigwa na Baribuda</span>]] '''Antigwa na Baribuda''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Antigua and Barbuda'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|American flag]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nvgglp0wv9cl1kc2iv0nwqtzn4odskb 0 3674 77075 69617 2021-08-05T21:40:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NP_Rwanda_Coffee6_(6283320845).jpg|thumb|Igihingwa cy' ikawa mu Rwanda gifasha cyane abaturage kwiteza imbere ndetse n'igihugu kikabona bamukerarugendo]] '''[[Ikawa]] ya Maraba''' Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa ngengabukungu gifite isoko ryo hanze y’igihugu kikazamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ndetse ngo kikaba kinakundwa cyane kubera uburyohe budasanzwe. Hakunze rero kubaho amarushanwa yo kumva ikawa iruta izindi mu buryohe bikitabirwa n’inzobere mu kuyumva, akaba ari muri bene nk’ayo marushanwa ikawa ya Maraba yabaye iya mbere ndetse ikabona n’igihembo. Mu [[Akagari ka Maraba|kagari ka Maraba]] [[umurenge wa Shyembe]] ho mu [[Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] niho hera iyo kawa ifite umwihariko w’uburyohe budasanzwe. Imvaho Nshya yanyarukiye muri uwo Murenge kureba uko abahinzi ba kawa yaho babayeho niba kuba yitwa ko ari iyambere bibagiraho ingaruka nziza cyangwa biherera iyo. Aho twabasanze ni kuri koperative Abahuzamugambi, hakaba hari na labolatwari ibafasha kurobanura ikawa. Kuri iyo koperative twasanze batoranya ikawa batubwira ko uretse kuyihinga koperative ibaha n’akazi kandi ikabahemba ku buryo ngo ikibazo cy’ubushomeri muri uwo Murenge cyagabanutse. Ngo barashimira Perezida wa Repubulika ko muri iyi manda ishize hari aho bavuye bakaba bafite n’aho bageze ngo kubera gahunda Leta yashyizeho zo kwibumbira mu makoperative ndetse n’izo kubaka inganda kuko byabagabanyirije imvune ndende bagiraga ubwo bari bagikoresha uburyo bwo hambere bwo gusya n’urusyo gusa ngo byaba byiza cyane bongerewe imashini bityo umusaruro ukiyongera. [[File:MarabaChute.jpg|thumb|250px|left|<font color="grey">Ikawa ya Maraba</font>]] USAID, ikigo cy’abanyamerika gitsura amajyambere, cyerekanye ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi yafashije Abanyarwanda gushakira amasoko mu bihugu by’[[Uburayi]] na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Muri ibyo bicuruzwa harimo ikawa ya Maraba, urusenda, ifu y’imyumbati y’i Butare, umutobe w’amatunda bita Agashya, n’inzoga ikoze mu ikawa yo mu Rwanda yengerwa muri Amerikai. Iyo nzoga icyakora ntiratangira gucururizwa mu Rwanda. == == *[[Abahuzamugambi b’Ikawa ya Maraba]] (''Coopérative du Café de Maraba'') == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=81&cat=4&storyid=2456 Maraba: Kawa yabateje imbere, hari ibyo banasaba Kagame] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] by95lu4erq3ca6zfp3fzzcgcpfs30hg 14 3676 67450 57075 2013-04-02T18:53:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8782072]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda]] ljfkoadna3xv3hbvq83a2w25un4v2x7 14 3677 67741 65176 2013-04-13T09:02:16Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q2945667]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Isi]] [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] sko4bbm66d1400syuw8za7zr1xvdldh 0 3678 81577 72520 2022-01-31T11:11:26Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Aziya</span>]] Umugabane w’'''Aziya''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]].Ndetse Ikaba ari iya mbere m'ubunini ndetse no mukugira [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] benshi igarukirwa na [[Afurika]] Aziya igizwe n'ibihugu 48(Mirongo ine n'umunani). {{Aziya}} [[Category:Aziya| ]] 1c4sz96if3m7iew0c5uetx6w0ck4ixd 0 3679 81536 78671 2022-01-31T11:05:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Americas (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Amerika</span>]] Umugabane w’'''Amerika''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]]. * Ituwe n'abaturage 1,001,559,000 (2016). * Batuye kubuso bwa km² 42,549,000. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] == == * [[Amerika ya Ruguru]] * [[Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Amerika]] ivepv1ld0bpz73tub2ezrhpkt091go2 0 3680 68115 65179 2013-07-02T19:46:10Z JAnDbot 99 removing old-formated (incorrect) interwiki wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oceania (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Oseyaniya</font>]] [[File:Pacific Culture Areas.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Oseyaniya</font>]] Umugabane w’'''Oseyaniya''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] 1bmcr56c2bwmxtb5zhwo8qwzplo57gx 14 3681 68227 68059 2013-08-01T18:40:32Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7218278]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 0 3682 81555 72194 2022-01-31T11:07:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Antarigitika</span>]] Umugabane w’'''Antarigitika''' ni umwe mu [[Umugabane w’Isi|migabane]] igize [[isi]]. <gallery> File: 061212-nordkapp.jpg File:GletscherMM.jpg File:Fryxellsee Opt.jpg File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg File:Aurore australe - Aurora australis.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Antarigitika]] {{Commons|Antarctica|Antarigitika}} j1tykuqy675iwl94bpielc939eod256 14 3683 67720 57022 2013-04-13T08:35:24Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7217296]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] trh0jfy80iwy2gba5ff84anid6ihr26 0 3685 81558 73224 2022-01-31T11:08:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''المملكة العربية السعودية‎<br />Sawudi Arabiya'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | <span style="color:grey;">[[Ibendera ry’Arabiya Sawudite]]</span> | align="center" width="140px" | <span style="color:grey;">[[Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta y’u Rwanda]]</span> |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Saudi Arabia in its region.svg|300px]]<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Arabiya Sawudite</span> |} '''Arabiya Sawudite''' cyangwa '''Sawudi Arabiya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''المملكة العربية السعودية‎''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 33,000,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,149,690. [[File:Mada'in_Saleh_2017.jpg|thumb|Mada&#x27;in Saleh 2017]] [[File:Day_of_Hajj._Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|thumb|Day of Hajj. Mecca, Saudi Arabia]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Arabiya Sawudite]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] b200suhcgb29accrreep6xlu62r421i 0 3686 81561 73217 2022-01-31T11:08:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Arijantine</span>]] [[File:Argentina (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Arijantine</span>]] [[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Salta]] '''Arijantine''' cyangwa '''Arijantina''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República Argentina'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[File:Road_signs_in_Jujuy_Province,_Argentina.jpg|thumb|Road signs in Jujuy Province, Argentina]] {{commons|Argentina}} [[Category:Arijantine| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nk1rgnhev1ic2dk19xd7oow1eud5aqt 0 3687 16218 2011-01-05T01:51:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Arijantine]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arijantine]] 569y9cg8wkqyo5z22iifk1vbbmh4nz2 0 3688 81567 78706 2022-01-31T11:09:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Aruba.svg|right|100px]] [[File:Flag of Aruba.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Aruba</span>]] [[File:LocationAruba.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Aruba</span>]] '''Aruba''' (izina mu [[kinerilande]] : ''Aruba'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] s86u46om2s8mqv58dqigg8z2q4sxqs2 0 3689 81568 65184 2022-01-31T11:10:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Arumeniya</span>]] [[File:Armenia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Arumeniya</span>]] '''Arumeniya''' (izina mu [[cyarumeniya]] : ''Հայաստան'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Arumeniya witwa [[Yerevan]]. [[Category:Arumeniya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kspwgqfx8rpc9gffyyvg9ujybz3gtwd 0 3690 81576 73227 2022-01-31T11:11:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Azərbaycan Respublikası<br />Repubulika y’u Azeribayijani'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | <span style="color:grey;">[[Ibendera ry’Azeribayijani]]</span> | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe location AZE.png|300px]]<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Azeribayijani</span> |} '''Azeribayijani''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]] : ''Azərbaycan Respublikası'' )n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]] n’[[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Azeribayijani witwa [[Baku]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9,867,250 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 86,600. [[File:Templo_de_fuego,_Baku,_Azerbaiyán,_2016-09-27,_DD_33.jpg|thumb|Templo de fuego, Baku, Azerbaiyán, 2016-09-27, DD 33]] [[File:BBMM,_Baku_(P1090265).jpg|thumb|BBMM, Baku (P1090265)]] [[File:Waterfalls,_Oghuz_(_1090526).jpg|thumb|Waterfalls, Oghuz ( 1090526)]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Azeribayijani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jyiqp4ahqsum4sir9vd6nz7esn394ll 0 3691 81581 78883 2022-01-31T11:12:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bahamasi</span>]] [[File:LocationBahamas.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bahamasi</span>]] '''Bahamasi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''The Bahamas'' cyangwa ''Commonwealth of The Bahamas'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america flag]] [[Category:Amerika]] pubyjrtnkq75kttfu507npqj8xrc0qh 0 3692 81582 73229 2022-01-31T11:12:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bahirayini</span>]] [[File:Map of Bahrain.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bahirayini</span>]] '''Bahirayini''' cyangwa '''Bahrayeni''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''مملكة البحرين‎''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Bahirayini witwa [[Manama]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 1,536,050 (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 765. [[File:Bahrain_Bay_Overview_2019.jpg|thumb|Bahrain Bay Overview 2019]] [[File:Bahrain_Fort_March_2015.JPG|thumb|Bahrain Fort March 2015]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Bahirayini]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gymhvp0zwtj2in56aoodipm56ox8q5o 0 3693 81586 73232 2022-01-31T11:12:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bangaladeshi</span>]] [[File:Bangladesh in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bangaladeshi</span>]] '''Bangaladeshi''' (izina mu [[kibengali]] : '''বাংলাদেশ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Umurwa mukuru ya Bangaladeshi ni Dhaka. Ururimi rwa Bangaladeshi ni ikibengali. Abaturage bya Bangaladeshi bangana 128,570,535. [[File:Sunset_over_mustard_field.jpg|thumb|Sunset over mustard field]] [[File:Ratargul_0276.jpg|thumb|Ratargul 0276]] [[File:Ratargul-02.jpg|thumb|Ratargul-02]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Bangaladeshi]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qn763yisz29ax5l5lm0dc30kqzzj34h 0 3694 81592 78889 2022-01-31T11:13:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Barubadosi</span>]] [[File:LocationBarbados.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Barubadosi</span>]] '''Barubadosi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Barbados'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] emos758pfobtwh82eieyn9whupq7dbx 0 3695 81598 73829 2022-01-31T11:14:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Belarusi</span>]] [[File:Europe-Belarus.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Belarusi</span>]] '''Belarusi''' (izina mu [[kibelarusiya]]: ''Беларусь'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9,498,700 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 207,595. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Belarusi witwa [[Minsk]]. [[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Minsk_province.svg|thumb|Coat of Arms of Minsk province]] [[File:Belarus-flagmap.svg|thumb|Belarus-flagmap]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] dtxaya35grkx1i7imu9r1j2u4k6u34s 0 3696 81599 78943 2022-01-31T11:14:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Belize</span>]] [[File:Bh large locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Belize</span>]] '''Belize''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Belize'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Caye Caulker Belize aerial (20688990128).jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|belize]] [[Dosiye:Belize0068ao.jpg|center|thumb|450x450px|Ten Dollaris Belize]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jcs30b12p4yn7snvx1ei04bmdlw3wvt 0 3697 81600 72831 2022-01-31T11:14:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bene</span>]] [[File:LocationBenin.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bene</span>]] '''Bene''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Bénin'' ) ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba. [[File:Nez_d'un_Lockheed_TriStar,_d'un_avion-restaurant_immobilisé_sur_la_plage_de_Cotonou_au_Bénin.jpg|thumb|Nez d&#x27;un Lockheed TriStar, d&#x27;un avion-restaurant immobilisé sur la plage de Cotonou au Bénin]] [[File:Des_barques_au_port_de_pêche_de_Cotonou_au_Bénin.jpg|thumb|Des barques au port de pêche de Cotonou au Bénin]] [[Category:Bene| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 12ido54qu7eze2js1hdjb41dzfeuew3 0 3698 81603 78946 2022-01-31T11:15:26Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Berimuda</span>]] [[File:LocationBermuda.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Berimuda</span>]] '''Berimuda''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Bermuda'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Bermuda-St. George's-ar.png|center|thumb|352x352px|st George's]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] soxrfi5flymlgxdopb0nqerbyqs30pf 0 3699 81613 68971 2022-01-31T11:17:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Salar_de_Uyuni,_Bolivia2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uyuni</span>]] [[File:Flag of Bolivia (state).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Boliviya</span>]] [[File:Bolivia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Boliviya</span>]] '''Boliviya''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Plurinational State of Bolivia'' ; [[gikecuwa]] : ''Bulivya Mamallaqta'' ; [[kinyayimara]] : ''Wuliwya Suyu'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]] y'Amajyepfo. Umurwa mukuru wayo ni Sucre, ariko inzubatsi nyinshi za reta ziri mu mujyi wa La Paz. Inkiko Nkuru y'igihugu iri i Sucre. Perezida wa Boliviya ni Evo Morales. Akurikira gahunda y'ingengabitekerezo ya gisosiyarisiti. I La Higuera, igiturage mu hagati y'igihugu, Ernesto Che Guevara yishwe muri 1967 n'abasirikare b'abanyaboliviya. Abanyaboliviya bafite amoko make. [[Category:Boliviya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9dkj5kexj93anzizhqjsqghedt9ja5w 0 3700 81615 73830 2022-01-31T11:17:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Bosiniya na Herizegovina</span>]] [[File:Europe-Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bosiniya na Herizegovina</span>]] [[File:Map Bih entities.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Bosiniya na Herizegovina''' cyangwa '''Bosini Herzegovina''' (izina mu [[kinyabosiniya]] na [[kinyakorowasi]]: ''Bosna i Hercegovina''; izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Босна и Херцеговина'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 3,531,159 (2013), batuye kubuso bwa km² 51,129. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Bosiniya na Herizegovina witwa [[Sarajevo]]. [[File:Río_Trebisnjica,_Trebinje,_Bosnia_y_Herzegovina,_2014-04-14,_DD_31.jpg|thumb|Río Trebisnjica, Trebinje, Bosnia y Herzegovina, 2014-04-14, DD 31]] [[File:Puente_Arslanagić,_Trebinje,_Bosnia_y_Herzegovina,_2014-04-14,_DD_28.jpg|thumb|Puente Arslanagić, Trebinje, Bosnia y Herzegovina, 2014-04-14, DD 28]] [[File:Iglesia_Nova_Gracanica,_Trebinje,_Bosnia_y_Herzegovina,_2014-04-14,_DD_04.jpg|thumb|Iglesia Nova Gracanica, Trebinje, Bosnia y Herzegovina, 2014-04-14, DD 04]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f6v0k46hw3ylvkf4s3gd074xgfbcc7a 0 3701 81616 72832 2022-01-31T11:17:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Botswana</span>]] [[File:LocationBotswana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Botswana</span>]] [[File:Botswana_Ceramic_pottery.jpg|thumb|Botswana Ceramic pottery]] [[File:Grandpalm_Gaborone_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Grandpalm Gaborone Botswana]] '''Botswana''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Botswana''' (izina mu [[gitswana]] : ''Lefatshe la Botswana'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Botswana '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Botswana witwa [[Gaborone]]. {{Afurika}} [[Category:Botswana| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] aea40ronombovvjyclxswun6rs9cby8 0 3702 81626 78975 2022-01-31T11:19:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Burezile</span>]] [[File:Brazil (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Burezile</span>]] '''Burezile''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''República Federativa do Brasil'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Christmas party Ilha de Santana Amapá Brazil.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Noheli muri Brazil]] [[Dosiye:Brasília Museu Nacional Honestino Guimarães.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|National Museum]] [[Category:Burezile| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mh366mm7dxac5t31j1o3p3wwpttksnx 0 3703 81629 78976 2022-01-31T11:19:30Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Burukina Faso</span>]] [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Burukina Faso</span>]] [[File:Tiebele_village_in_Burkina_Faso_04.jpg|thumb|Tiebele village in Burkina Faso 04]] [[File:Masque_plaque_papillon-Bwa_Dafing-Burkina_Faso_(2).jpg|thumb|Masque plaque papillon-Bwa Dafing-Burkina Faso (2)]] '''Burukina Faso''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Burkina Faso'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y'Uburengerazuba. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Burukina Faso witwa [[Wagadugu]]. [[Dosiye:Transport urbain à Ouagadougou1.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|wagadugu]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Burukina Faso]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1dvwa5aivc3xr1bssumn63l7lnejm0a 0 3704 81630 78978 2022-01-31T11:19:39Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Buruneyi</span>]] [[File:Location Brunei ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Buruneyi</span>]] '''Buruneyi''' cyangwa '''Buruneyi Darusalamu''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]] : ''Negara Brunei Darussalam'' ; izina mu [[kijavani]] : '''بروني دارالسلام''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 417,200 (2015), batuye kubuso bwa km² 5,765. [[Dosiye:TR 18612 THE BRITISH ARMY IN BRUNEI, JANUARY 1963.jpg|center|thumb|321x321px|Army in Brunei]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Buruneyi]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] sxdb0oedleouefo04zqank8ac8nbscj 0 3705 81636 73234 2022-01-31T11:20:33Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Butani</span>]] [[File:Bhutan in its region.svg |thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Butani</span>]] '''Butani''' (izina mu [[kinyazongika]] : '''འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ'''་ ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Bhutan'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 797,765 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 38,394. [[File:Yowakha,_Bhutan_01.jpg|thumb|Yowakha, Bhutan 01]] [[File:Taktsang_Monastery,_Bhutan_01.jpg|thumb|Taktsang Monastery, Bhutan 01]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Butani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mgp3cnepb7xgevcy699n469hp31u0k9 0 3706 81640 72834 2022-01-31T11:21:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Cade</span>]] [[File:LocationChad.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Cade</span>]] '''Cade''' cyangwa '''Cadi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''تشاد‎ ''' cyangwa '''جمهورية تشاد ‎''' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Tchad'' cyangwa ''République du Tchad'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Tower_of_St_Chad,_Wybunbury)_02.jpg|thumb|Tower of St Chad, Wybunbury) 02]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Cade| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fsovl0misequ8c3qt6mcdsgns3rjvs5 0 3707 81709 79113 2022-01-31T11:31:49Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Dominika</span>]] [[File:LocationDominica.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Dominika</span>]] '''Dominika''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Dominica'' cyangwa ''Commonwealth of Dominica'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Dosiye:Lord Rollo Dominica 1761.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Dominika]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 69vrphw7v4pxio5kmgoqmmhyy0wto8m 0 3708 67455 65203 2013-04-02T18:54:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q786]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika ya Dominikani</font>]] [[File:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Repubulika ya Dominikani</font>]] '''Repubulika ya Dominikani''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República Dominicana '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9pah8dzsuddiuwoa4mledl0slvectis 0 3709 81717 79153 2022-01-31T11:33:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ekwadoro</span>]] [[File:Ecuador (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ekwadoro</span>]] '''Ekwadoro''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República del Ecuador'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Vicuña - Chimborazo, Ecuador.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Ekwadoro| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 66ihwbt4hibj9dw4dui7kspfe0sxixc 0 3710 81724 72853 2022-01-31T11:34:08Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Eritereya</span>]] [[File:Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Eritereya</span>]] '''Eritereya''' (izina mu [[gitigirinya]] : '''ኤርትራ''' cyangwa '''ሃገረ ኤርትራ''' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] '''إرتريا''' cyangwa '''دولة إرتريا''' : ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Eritrea'' cyangwa ''State of Eritrea'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Eritereya witwa [[Asmara]]. [[File:An_old_house_in_the_European_quarter_built_during_Italian_Eritrea_in_the_early_19th_century_in_Asmara,_Eritrea.jpg|thumb|An old house in the European quarter built during Italian Eritrea in the early 19th century in Asmara, Eritrea]] [[File:Casa_degli_italiani_restaurant_Asmara,_Eritrea.jpg|thumb|Casa degli italiani restaurant Asmara, Eritrea]] [[File:Massawa_Eritrea_Old_Palace.jpg|thumb|Massawa Eritrea Old Palace|alt=|left]] [[File:Eritrean_Railway_-_2008-11-04-edit1.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Eritrean Railway - 2008-11-04-edit1|276x276px]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Eritereya| ]] [[Category:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qoiy6kzc4cfamvg47pzmcwmnxqxoluw 0 3711 81730 72856 2022-01-31T11:35:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Etiyopiya</span>]] [[File:Ethiopia in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Etiyopiya</span>]] '''Etiyopiya''' (izina mu [[kinyamarike]] : '''ኢትዮጵያ''' cyangwa '''የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Etiyopiya witwa [[Addis Ababa]]. [[File:Oromia_Cultural_Center_Addis_Ababa.jpg|thumb|Oromia Cultural Center Addis Ababa]] [[File:Emperor_of_Ethiopia_Haile_sellassie_I_receives_Queen_Ingrid_of_Denmark_and_King_Frederick_IX_of_Denmark_on_a_state_visit_to_Ethiopia_in_1970.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Emperor of Ethiopia Haile sellassie I receives Queen Ingrid of Denmark and King Frederick IX of Denmark on a state visit to Ethiopia in 1970]] [[File:Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Menelik II of Ethiopia]] [[File:Addis_Ababa_(16314616596).jpg|thumb|Addis Ababa (16314616596)|alt=|left|308x308px]] [[File:ET_Bahir_Dar_asv2018-02_img17_Tis_Issat.jpg|thumb|ET Bahir Dar asv2018-02 img17 Tis Issat]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Etiyopiya| ]] [[Category:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] sb0dzzcvz3j0fuowrpc6o3wb2ybadjo 0 3712 82081 82079 2022-02-19T03:01:52Z BRPever 5614 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/89.216.19.97|89.216.19.97]] ([[User talk:89.216.19.97|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Minorax|Minorax]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Fiji</span>]] [[File:Fiji_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Fiji</span>]] '''Fiji''' (izina mu [[gifijiyani]] : ''Matanitu ko Viti'' cyangwa ''Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti''; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Fiji'' cyangwa ''Republic of the Fiji Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Fiji witwa [[Suva]]. [[Dosiye:Suva mountain 21.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Suva]] [[Category:Fiji| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 219ol2meq04c7iigzz5jjkfkcs9apg6 0 3713 81738 73236 2022-01-31T11:36:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Filipine</span>]] [[File:The Philippines and ASEAN (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Filipine</span>]] '''Filipine''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Philippines'' ; izina mu [[gitagaloge]] : ''Pilipinas'' cyangwa ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Filipine witwa [[Manila]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 100,981,437 (2015), batuye kubuso bwa km² 343,448. [[File:Puerto_Princesa_Subterranean_Park,_limestone_formations,_Palawan,_Philippines.jpg|thumb|Puerto Princesa Subterranean Park, limestone formations, Palawan, Philippines]] [[File:Sunset_Agta_Beach_Resort_-_Biliran_Philippines.jpg|thumb|Sunset Agta Beach Resort - Biliran Philippines]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Filipine| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] md6sw1bzjam1qhmn21yyf34dib7bdao 0 3714 77227 74049 2021-08-09T18:45:23Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Gabon.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gabo</span>]] [[File:LocationGabon.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gabo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Omar Bongo cropped.jpg|thumb|perezida wa Gabo]] '''Gabon''' cyangwa '''Gabo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Gabon'' cyangwa ''République Gabonaise'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] yo Hagati . Gabon igizwe n’amoko agera kuri 50 ay’ingenzi akaba ari aba Fangs, aba Omyene, aba Teke n’aba Punus. Mu bijyanye n’umuco, ibyo bituma icyo gihugu kigira ubutunzi bwihariye kuko buri bwoko bugira imico itandukanye n’iy’abandi. Imbyino zo muri Gabon zizwi cyane nka Ingwala ikomoka mu bwoko bwa Nzebi, Omias, Mengane n’abandi, imbyino yitwa Ikokou ikomoka mu bwoko bw’aba Punu. [[File:3080Quesban_Gabon,_Calasiao,_Pangasinan_71.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|277x277px|3080Quesban Gabon, Calasiao, Pangasinan 71]] [[File:Éléphant_du_Gabon.jpg|thumb|Éléphant du Gabon]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gabo| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5o5ggd07xlufkepdpnwyrnjuk0y33e6 0 3715 81750 79205 2022-01-31T11:38:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The Gap between Traditional & Modern in The Gambia.jpg|thumb|left|Gambiya]] [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gambiya</span>]] [[File:LocationGambia.svg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gambiya</span>]] '''Gambiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Gambia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gambiya witwa [[Banjul]]. [[Dosiye:Banjul-uitzicht.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Banjul]] [[File:3080Quesban_Gabon,_Calasiao,_Pangasinan_71.jpg|thumb|3080Quesban Gabon, Calasiao, Pangasinan 71]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gambiya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1bjkpg643a5bys63kmuuawxj5op5s1f 0 3716 81751 79206 2022-01-31T11:38:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ghana.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Ghana]] [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gana</span>]] [[File:LocationGhana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gana</span>]] '''Gana''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Ghana'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gana witwa [[Accra]]. [[Dosiye:Accra General Post Office.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Accra Post office]] [[File:Accra_Central,_Accra,_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Accra Central, Accra, Ghana]] [[File:Krobo_Hills_Ghana_32.jpg|thumb|Krobo Hills Ghana 32]] [[File:Accra_locked_down_03.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|327x327px|Accra locked down 03]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gana| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] idqg06reynp2f291gggyotl12xkhg63 0 3717 81762 79216 2022-01-31T11:40:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gerenada</span>]] [[File:LocationGrenada.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gerenada</span>]] [[Dosiye:The City of St. George's, Grenada - February 2020.jpg|thumb|250x250px|The city of St.George's]] '''Gerenada''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Grenada'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Fishermen in Grenada.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|abarobyi]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] c94zjcz1sk91snndr6in7niqm29axh1 14 3719 67449 53106 2013-04-02T18:53:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8573736]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda]] ljfkoadna3xv3hbvq83a2w25un4v2x7 14 3720 67463 62382 2013-04-02T18:55:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7214969]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indwara]] msiwx9wegmtgz1lsa0uopf0oq9qhk3i 0 3721 77472 16317 2021-08-11T02:33:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:OAFLA_High_Level_Event_during_the_72nd_UNGA.jpg|thumb|'''OAFLA''' n'umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] '''Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA''' (OAFLA mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Organisation of African First Ladies against HIV/AIDS'' ) n’ishyirahamwe rigizwe n’Abafasha 40 b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika bisunganye kugira ngo bavugire abadashoboye kwivugira mu kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA. Ubunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa bwa OAFLA buri i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]], bukaba buyobowe n’Umufasha w’Umukuru w’Igihugu. [[Category:SIDA]] harqniwnbe42coa23diiq0d3o4fljln 0 3722 78089 76939 2021-08-20T21:56:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda,_Ottawa.JPG|thumb|146x146px|Ibitaro bya CHUK biherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali mu Rwanda, ]] [[Dosiye:Covid-19 San Salvatore 08.jpg|thumb|184x184px|kwirinda]] '''Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i [[Kigali]]''' (CHUK mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''University Teaching Hospital of Kigali'') ni kimwe mu bitaro byo mu gihugu byoherezwa mo abarwayi bakomerewe cyane. Bifite inshingano zo gutanga inyigisho no guhugura abagize umwuga akazi ko kuvura, kuvura bikwiye abantu ari bose baje kuhivuriza no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi. == Amateka == Ibi bitaro byubatswe muri mwaka w'1918, bitangira bikora nk'ikigo nderabuzima mu mwaka w'1928. Guhera mu mwaka w'1965 byatangiye gukora nk'ibitaro. Gusa kubera ibibazo byari mu gihugu, guhera muri Mata 1994 kugeza mu mwaka w'1996, ibi bitaro (CHK- Centre Hospitalier de [[Kigali]]/ Ibitaro bya [[Kigali]]) byabaye ikigo nderabuzima, ibitaro by'akarere ndetse nibitaro byorerezwa abarwayi. Mu mwaka wa 2000, hamwe no gushyiraho amategeko Nr. 41/2000 yo ku ya 7/12/2000 ku ishyirwaho no gutunganya ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza "CHUK", CHK yabaye ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzimagatozi kizwi ku izina rya "Ibitaro byigisha kaminuza bya [[Kigali]]". == Aho biherereye == Ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali / CHUK, biherereye mu akarere ka nyarugenge kuri KN 4 Ave, Umujyi wa [[Kigali]]. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.chk.org.rw/ [[Category:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] i2q6jdfz1u9bujuwwithjo89amfxsxc 0 3723 16320 2011-01-05T17:19:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Abafasha b’Abakuru b’Ibihugu by’Afurika wo Kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA]] ke4y8gsitous6gplabaz1vg85x7suja 0 3724 16321 2011-01-05T17:20:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibitaro bya Kaminuza by’i Kigali]] g87q4zmi6e1smacn0eg95lxwmjqrjgy 0 3725 78376 77375 2021-08-24T09:54:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Youths Against HIV AIDS ...YAHA.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|tutwanye sida]] [[Dosiye:Aids-day.jpg|thumb|Kurwanya SIDA]] '''Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA''' (NACC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''The National AIDS Control Commission'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le SIDA'' ) Urwego ruhuza inzego zifite uruhare mu kurwanya Ubwandu bwa SIDA. [[Category:SIDA]] 42vbwz4r1ygtnvwukyxdz71lu0r6oeq 0 3726 16326 2011-01-05T17:27:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA]] 594gbanszclnduungxzptymykdjlvzz 0 3727 76327 16328 2021-07-23T06:04:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA''' (TRAC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Treatment and Research AIDS Center'' ) [[Dosiye:Refining_Innovation_160222-A-AP268-027.jpg|thumb|'''Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA''']] Aho ikorera muri Minisiteri ishinzwe Ubuzima, TRAC ishinzwe cyane cyane kugenzura ubwandu bwa SIDA, kuvura indwara zituruka mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ibijyanye no gutanga inama no kwipimisha ku bushake ubwandu bwa SIDA, no kurinda ababyeyi ko bakwanduza abana babo SIDA , kubavura no kubafasha . [[Dosiye:Refining_Innovation_160223-A-AP268-922.jpg|thumb|Igikorwa cyo gutanga amaraso akorerwaho ubushakashatsi ku indwara ya SIDA ]] [[Dosiye:Refining_Innovation_160223-A-AP268-547.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwo gupima amaraso mu ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] [[Category:SIDA]] 7q5fgi2kzxyage9khld6ibt3yhxp90o 0 3728 16329 2011-01-05T17:31:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigo Gishinzwe Kuvura no Gukora Ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA]] 6rqhopac9ku4a6d9eec96brby955uq1 0 3729 78375 77231 2021-08-24T09:51:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Navajo Nation HIV-AIDS Resource Directory (IA MH02D4935).pdf|center|thumb|419x419px|sida]] [[Dosiye:Early Symptoms of HIV Diagram.png|thumb|ibimenyetso bya hafi bya HIV]] [[Dosiye:Red_Ribbon.svg|thumb|Agasanduku gatukura ka Sida]] '''Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA''' (PACFA mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Protection and Care of Families Against HIV/AIDS'' ) Umushinga uyobowe n’Umufasha w’Umukuru w’i Igihugu ufasha Abantu babana n’Ubwandu bwa SIDA (PLWHA), abagore n’abana. [[Category:SIDA]] rbwgob38zptpqmxo1jfud2kiksu5z50 0 3730 16332 2011-01-05T17:36:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gahunda yo Kurinda no Kwitaho Imiryango Ibana n’ Agakoko Gatera SIDA/SIDA ]] hgybv50eoo1qxdbka8ouwfitz2vux6o 0 3731 77230 77229 2021-08-09T18:49:47Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquitoes described by F. V. Theobald (1905) 04.jpg|thumb|imibu itera malaria]] [[Dosiye:Mosquito Netting.jpg|thumb|inzitiramubu ]] [[Dosiye:The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss at the launch of Anti-Malaria Month Campaign and release of Logo for National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme in New Delhi on May 5, 2005.jpg|thumb|imwe mu nama yabaye yo kurwanya malaria]] Iyi '''Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya''' (PNILT mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''National Malaria Control Programme'' ) ikorera muri Minisisteri y’Ubuzima inshinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byose bijyanye no kurwanya [[indwara ya malariya]] mu gihugu. [[Category:Indwara]] gcsvl0nte244ajg1rh3nid6uyskcktz 0 3732 16335 2011-01-05T17:39:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara ya Malariya]] a4qzdz2p2a351lp3de8kz5is8g28iv6 0 3733 81763 73821 2022-01-31T11:40:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Geworigiya</span>]] [[File:Ort-Georgien.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Geworigiya</span>]] [[File:Georgia cities01.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Geworugiya''' cyangwa '''Geworigiya''', '''Gurjestan''' (izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]]: '''საქართველო''', ''sak’art’velo'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]] n’[[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 3,718,200 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 69,700. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Geworugiya witwa [[Tbilisi]]. [[File:Shipwreck_Batumi_Georgia_R_Bartz.jpg|thumb|Shipwreck Batumi Georgia R Bartz]] [[File:Black_Cliffs'_Lake,_Lagodekhi_Protected_Area,_Georgia_02.jpg|thumb|Black Cliffs&#x27; Lake, Lagodekhi Protected Area, Georgia 02]] [[File:20110421_Tbilisi_Georgia_Panoramic.jpg|thumb|20110421 Tbilisi Georgia Panoramic]] {{Uburayi}} {{Aziya}} [[Category:Geworugiya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9owtoa3li2a1q0tzlqzez64xay4tvea 0 3734 81764 79218 2022-01-31T11:40:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo</span>]] [[File:LocationSouthGeorgiaAndSouthSandwichIslands.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo</span>]] '''Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:South Georgia Island as seen by Sentinel-2.jpg|center|thumb|440x440px|Geworugiya y'epfo]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kzoijm1to2fry2rkhck8bymoq62de4b 0 3735 16342 2011-01-05T18:12:38Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Geworigiya]] to [[Geworugiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Geworugiya]] 4r96tzjv1u4k8a65j1c5uqwcd7yjlpo 0 3736 81765 79085 2022-01-31T11:40:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Giburalitari</span>]] [[File:Location Gibraltar EU.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Giburalitari</span>]] '''Giburalitari''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Gibraltar'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Dosiye:Gibraltar_BW_2015-10-26_14-03-31.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Giburalitari]] [[Category:Giburalitari| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 59hpjprch8w3pwfb3ikzfudn74fqwxo 0 3737 81776 72865 2022-01-31T11:42:16Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gineya</span>]] [[File:LocationGuinea.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gineya</span>]] '''Gineya''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République de Guinée'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Asmaou_Diallo_miss_Guinée_2017.jpg|thumb|Asmaou Diallo miss Guinée 2017]] [[File:Taxi_Guinée.jpg|thumb|Taxi Guinée]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gineya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] j999ylmntx32a9ldvf9ysj20hwxm6sr 0 3738 81778 79262 2022-01-31T11:42:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Location Guinea Bissau AU Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gineya-Biso</span>]] '''Gineya-Biso''' cyangwa '''Guneya-Biso''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''Guiné-Bissau'' cyangwa ''República da Guiné-Bissau'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gineya-Biso witwa [[Biso]]. * President: José Mário Vaz (2014) * Prime Minister: Carlos Correia (2015)[[File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|thumb|420x420px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gineya-Biso</span>|center]][[Dosiye:Biso kotuwa.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Biso]][[File:Mesquita_em_Bissau,_Guiné_Bissau_(2533855752).jpg|thumb|Mesquita em Bissau, Guiné Bissau (2533855752)]][[File:Hastear_da_bandeira_da_Guiné_Bissau_após_o_arrear_da_de_Portugal.jpg|thumb|Hastear da bandeira da Guiné Bissau após o arrear da de Portugal]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gineya-Biso| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gcsj8h9qckyj3c3yxsoowxruirgkdzf 0 3739 81777 72870 2022-01-31T11:42:25Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gineya Ekwatoriyale</span>]] [[File:Location Equatorial Guinea AU Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gineya Ekwatoriyale</span>]] '''Gineya Ekwatoriyale''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de Guinea Ecuatorial'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République de Guinée Équatoriale'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Gineya Ekwatoriyale witwa [[Malabo]]. [[File:Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Malabo a 13-oct-01]] [[File:Port_of_Malabo_1.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|icyambu cya Malabo 1]] [[File:UNED-GQ_IMG_6124_(6510089701).jpg|alt=|left|thumb|kaminuza nkuru ya Gineya ekwatoriyale]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Gineya Ekwatoriyale| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ku4cmlv1l081ax2gjb5o50maui8qx25 0 3740 81788 79243 2022-01-31T11:44:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of Guyana.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Guyana</span>]] [[File:Guyana in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Guyana</span>]] '''Guyana''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Guyana'' cyangwa ''Co-operative Republic of Guyana'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Canje River, Guyana.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|canje river]] [[Category:Giyana| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] b0qh14ngoqjz4wy0mmrlwey963r32hz 0 3741 81799 79271 2022-01-31T11:45:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Drapeau de la Guyane.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Guyane Nyamfaransa</span>]] [[File:Location-Guyane-France.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Guyane Nyamfaransa</span>]] '''Gwiyan Nyamfaransa''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Guyane française'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Jeunesse Autochtone de Guyane.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|Guyane]] [[Category:Guyane Nyamfaransa| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] 2imelct8e2e6uumt41dqdc8uguzaarh 0 3742 81793 79248 2022-01-31T11:44:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Greenland.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Goronulande</span>]] [[File:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Goronulande</span>]] '''Goronulande''' (izina mu [[kinyagurinilande]] : ''Kalaallit Nunaat'' ; izina mu [[kidanwa]] : ''Grønland'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Goronulande witwa [[Nuuk]]. [[Dosiye:Grønland street, Oslo, 2019.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Goronulande| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] sheixv8i7ssl4zgthqmkfs07brtjti4 0 3743 81800 79275 2022-01-31T11:45:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationGuadeloupe.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gwadelupe</span>]] [[Dosiye:Les_Saintes_-_Archipel_de_Guadeloupe.jpg|thumb|Archipel de Guadeloupe]] '''Gwadelupe''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Guadeloupe'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Les Saintes - Archipel de Guadeloupe.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|''Guadeloupe'']] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] hxy7yto4a6ki56dmj7jl0b2qz8vu8nm 0 3744 81801 79277 2022-01-31T11:46:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gwami</span>]] [[File:LocationGuam.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gwami</span>]] '''Gwami''' (izina mu [[gishamoro]] : ''Guåhan'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Guam'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Dosiye:Cocos Island Guam Landsat.jpg|center|thumb|cocos]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qldji0i1pwty25f9n4d4q9tao4ep97c 0 3745 81803 79281 2022-01-31T11:46:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gwasi</span>]] [[File:Uk map guernsey.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gwasi</span>]] '''Gwasi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Bailiwick of Guernsey'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Bailliage de Guernesey'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Dosiye:Léon SIMON - Guernesey.png|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Dosiye:Guernsey_Information_Centre.jpg|thumb|Ikigo cya Gwasi]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fqnrjx7aie99mkil7x9m8v5xks6bjim 0 3746 81804 79280 2022-01-31T11:46:31Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Gwatemala</span>]] [[File:LocationGuatemala.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gwatemala</span>]] '''Gwatemala''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Guatemala'' cyangwa ''República de Guatemala '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:View from Volcano Pacaya, Guatemala.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Pacaya]] [[Category:Gwatemala| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 7dkzitv8f0j2g0vj2rnmz36jm1myy01 0 3747 81813 73084 2022-01-31T11:47:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Hayiti</span>]] [[File:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Hayiti</span>]] '''Hayiti''' (izina mu [[kinyahayiti]] : ''Ayiti'' cyangwa ''Repiblik Ayiti'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Haïti'' cyangwa ''République d'Haïti'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[File:Haiti,_etc_114.JPG|thumb|Haiti, etc 114]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] r1xh22qhgztw2yohevslr92czu8591e 0 3748 65753 65227 2013-03-11T10:50:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q34497]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saint Helena.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Helena Ntagatifu</font>]] [[File:LocationStHelena.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Helena Ntagatifu</font>]] '''Helena Ntagatifu''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 44bd27x3a1gd5ocotlk48huffmkgcmo 0 3749 73822 72985 2020-11-03T11:48:53Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Hongiriya</font>]] [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Hongiriya</font>]] '''Hongiriya''' (izina mu [[gihongiriya]]: ''Magyarország'' cyangwa ''Magyar Köztársaság'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Hongiriya witwa [[Budapest]]. [[File:Courtyard_of_the_House_of_Hungarian_Culture_from_west_-_Buda_Castle_Quarter,_Budapest.JPG|thumb|Courtyard of the House of Hungarian Culture from west - Buda Castle Quarter, Budapest]] [[File:Széchenyi_Chain_Bridge_in_Budapest_at_night.jpg|thumb|Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest at night]] [[File:Elisabeth_of_Hungary_Moroder.jpg|thumb|Elisabeth of Hungary Moroder]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Hongiriya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0bh56ck2oi09z8wiaz1xz7rp99v9vhm 0 3750 82356 82355 2022-03-28T11:18:51Z Quinlan83 10173 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/120.29.86.12|120.29.86.12]] ([[User talk:120.29.86.12|talk]]) to last version by GATETE Pacifique wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Hongo Kongo</font>]] [[File:Hong Kong Location.svg|thumb|font color="grey">Ikarita ya Hongo Kongo</font>]] [[File:Hong Kong Island Skyline 2009.jpg|thumb|Hongo Kongo]] '''Hongo Kongo''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]] : '''香港''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Dosiye:Hong Kong Harbour Night 2019-06-11.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|hong kong night]] [[Category:Ubushinwa]] 5uo7noi4e6do0168o3uqiow3f8wvu4a 0 3751 72952 72951 2020-08-07T03:20:44Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Zimbabwe</font>]] [[File:Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Zimbabwe</font>]] '''Zimbabwe''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]], [[gishona]] na [[kindebele]] amajyaruguru : ''Zimbabwe'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zimbabwe witwa [[Harare]]. President : [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] [[File:Harare_International_Airport.jpg|thumb|Harare International Airport]] [[File:Harare_Africa_Unity_1992.jpg|thumb|Harare Africa Unity 1992]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Zimbabwe| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] tqoo2tz7fdtxae3aifj9k0lbn90uahj 0 3752 72950 72949 2020-08-07T03:14:00Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Zambiya</font>]] [[File:LocationZambia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Zambiya</font>]] '''Zambiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Zambia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Zambiya witwa [[Lusaka]]. [[File:Lusaka_Museum.jpg|thumb|Lusaka Museum]] [[File:Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg|thumb|Lusaka City Transport]] [[File:Lusaka,_Cairo_road.jpg|thumb|Lusaka, Cairo road]] [[File:Transports_in_zambia_08.jpg|thumb|Transports in zambia 08]] [[File:Cataratas_Victoria,_Zambia-Zimbabue,_2018-07-27,_DD_04.jpg|thumb|Cataratas Victoria, Zambia-Zimbabue, 2018-07-27, DD 04]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Zambiya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ra8ta7www2pko8w6xxtn3dca8bfz89e 0 3753 81632 78979 2022-01-31T11:19:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’u Burusiya</span>]] [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|thumb|200px|]] [[File:Russian Federation (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’u Burusiya</span>]] '''U Burusiya''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Россия'' cyangwa ''Российская Федерация'') ni [[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]] no muri [[Aziya]]. Uburusiya butuwe n’abantu barenga 144.463.451 (2017). [[Dosiye:Rostov-on-Don 2014 Victory Day Parade Rehearsal, Russian Airborne Troops (VDV), Russia.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Russian]] [[Dosiye:Moscow - Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.jpg|center|thumb|407x407px|Moscow]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] g2zq4fjisgsfbgjq77rwmn78oyr9ezy 0 3754 65233 64069 2013-03-08T01:02:05Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 74 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5340]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mordovia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Morodoviya</font>]] [[File:Map of Russia - Republic of Mordovia (2008-03).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Morodoviya</font>]] [[File:Mordovia03.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Morodoviya''' (izina mu [[kimokisha]] : ''Мордовия Республикасы'' ; izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Республика Мордовия'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Morodoviya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] bo4obr7st1o0nvvqy64wqnatixsdr8q 0 3755 16381 2011-01-05T20:21:46Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Mordoviya]] to [[Morodoviya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Morodoviya]] lv8idpksmhgq3e6y61ml91fi6x5rwrk 0 3756 16383 2011-01-05T20:22:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimokisha]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimokisha]] 9tn8to9rwo7ujqh9cb7g83rxcgah4uo 0 3757 79189 77214 2021-08-31T11:27:46Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Megan_Chandler_worked_with_a_women’s_cooperative_in_rural_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Ururimi rw'urunyankore rukoreshwa cyane n'abagande ndetse n'abanyarwanda batuye munkengero z'igihugu cya Uganda.]] [[Dosiye:Ankole_traditional_dance_in_Western_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Imbyino gakondo ya Ankole muburengerazuba bwa Uganda]] '''Runyankore-Rukiga''' Runyankore-Rukiga, byanditswe mw'ijambo rimwe ritandukanijwe n'akarongo. Icyabiteye ni ukubera ko uru rurimi ari [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rumwe koko! Kano karongo hamwe n'amagambo abiri [[Runyankore]] na [[Rukiga]] birerekana na none ko n'ubwo ari ururimi rumwe, rutavugwa n'abantu bamwe. [[Abanyankore]] rero n'[[Abakiga]] iyo bavuga nabo barumvikana neza n'ubwo umwe amenya ko uwo bavugana ari umukiga cyangwa umunyankore. Mbese ni kimwe n'[[ikinyarwanda]] n'[[ikirundi]]. Dukurikije amategeko y'isesengurandimi, ikinyarwanda n'ikirundi ntabwo ari indimi ebyiri zitandukanye, ahubwo ni ururimi rumwe, rufite amazina abiri kubera ko abaruvuga badatuye hamwe. Urunyankore n'urukiga nabyo ni cyo kimwe, kubera ko bamwe batuye ukwabo abandi bakaba batuye ukwabo, ariko ubundi barumvikana neza usibye utuntu duke duke nk'uko amagambo avugwa, ateye cyangwa icyo asobanura. Hano rero turerekana ko uru rurimi rusangiye n'ikinyarwanda ibintu byinshi. Icyambere kubera ko izi ndimi zitwegereye, icya kabiri kubera ko ziri mu muryango umwe witwa uw'Abantu. == == *[[Ikinyankore]] [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] 9qtlp5bqkxong98adhh0g7tjlqi666t 0 3758 16398 2011-01-05T21:17:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyankore]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyankore]] 8ah4n47b3zo8sx7y9bwhwr9wmscaewk 0 3759 81355 76965 2022-01-19T16:14:43Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg|Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ruthven|Ruthven]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Kenya Coat of Arms-detail.svg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igikuyu''' cyangwa '''Ikikuyu''' (izina mu gikuyu : ''Gĩkũyũ'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rumwe mu zinini zo muri [[Kenya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''kik'''. Izindi zifite abantu benshi zo mu muryango w’Abantu ni [[Igikamba]] n'[[Ikiruya]]. Haba ni umuryango witwa Nilotiki urimo [[Ikimasayi]], [[Kalenjini]] n’[[Ikijyaluwo]]. Igikuyu gisangiye ibintu byinshi n’[[ikinyarwanda]] kubera ko zombi ziva indimwe ariko na none hari na byinshi by'umwihariko zisangiye bitaboneka mu zindi. Ikizwi cyane ni itegeko rigenga imivugire y’ingombajwi ryitwa irya Dahl (''Dahl's Law''). Riraza kuboneka hepfo mu ngero ziza gutangwa. Muri iyi nyandiko, ndibanda cyane ku magambo izi ndimi zombi zisangiye, imiterere y’amagambo hamwe n’amategeko agenga imivugire y’uru rurimi. == Wikipediya mu gikuyu == *http://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Kenya]] 98kx5ojljtp30slcnm41o60k822oetg 0 3760 16401 2011-01-05T21:27:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikuyu]] 05kl6tsngk0dldlnepis3ktueshodft 0 3761 16402 2011-01-05T21:27:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikuyu]] 05kl6tsngk0dldlnepis3ktueshodft 0 3762 16403 2011-01-05T21:28:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikuyu]] 05kl6tsngk0dldlnepis3ktueshodft 14 3763 65235 61067 2013-03-08T01:02:28Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455495]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Afurika]] t6xn8atawt7nav0w88du4fcw4cymsme 0 3764 77219 65236 2021-08-09T18:08:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:DR_Congo_-_collage.jpg|thumb|Ikiluba ni ururimi rukunze gukoreshwa cyane n'abaturage ba Congo Brazaville]] '''Ikiluba''' ni ururimi rw'[[Abaluba]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lub'''. Abaluba batuye mu ntara ebyiri za Kongo ari zo [[Katanga]] na [[Kasayi]]. Abaluga ni ubwoko bunini cyane muri Kongo nyine. Ubundi bwoko bunini ni [[Abakongo]] batuye mu bihugu bitatu ari byo [[Kongo Brazzaville]], [[Kongo Kinshasa]] na [[Angola]]. Uru rurimi abanditsi bamwe barwita '''Iciluba''', abandi '''Itshiluba''' abandi na none Ikiluba. Ni rumwe mu ndimi enye zikoreshwa mu nyandiko za Leta n'iz'amashuri. Izo zindi zemewe ni [[Igifaransa]], [[Igiswahili]] n'[[Ilingala]]. Kuko ruri mu muryango w'indimi zitwa iz'Abantu rusangiye amagambo menshi n'[[Ikinyarwanda]], imiterere y'amagambo n'interuro hamwe n'amategeko agenga uko ururimi ruvugwa. Rimwe na rimwe hari ubwo iyo miterere iba idahuje kubera ihinduka ry'indimi ariko ibyo ntibibe bitangaje kuko uko guhinduka gukurikiza amategeko abazobereye mu buhanga bwo gusesengura indimi baba bazi. Amagambo yerekeye ibice by'umubiri: *'''difu''' igifu *'''ditama''' itama *'''dibele''' ibere *'''ditako ''' itako *'''diso ''' ijisho *'''iminwe ''' iminwe *'''mutwe ''' umutwe *'''kuboko ''' ukuboko *'''kulu ''' ukuguru *'''lubavu ''' urubavu *'''kutwi ''' ugutwi *'''lubolo/imbolo ''' imboro *'''dibelo ''' ikibero *'''dino/meno ''' iryinyo/amenyo *'''muongo ''' umugongo *'''bubongo ''' ubwonko *'''lukongo ''' rugongo *'''ludimi ''' ururimi *'''mucima ''' umutima *'''mula/mila ''' ubura *'''mukono ''' umukono *'''umbidi ''' umubiri *'''kikoba ''' igikoba *'''kwapa ''' ukwaha *'''kanwa ''' akanwa *'''nywele ''' injwiri (umusatsi) *'''dingingo ''' ingingo *'''lwala ''' urwara [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 86eyct2brtmdsxllw0716uh5f84qevg 0 3765 16417 2011-01-05T22:47:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikiluba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikiluba]] omof17wwyh5d30djdxd4bwux5dagvhd 0 3766 16426 2011-01-05T23:28:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyongereza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyongereza]] 7hcomrzlsb6nawl8860j5mjg0xo74dq 0 3767 82024 81687 2022-02-15T02:04:21Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyongereza</span>]] [[File:EN English Language Symbol ISO 639-1 IETF Language Tag Icon.svg|thumb|left|upright|EN ([[ISO 639]]-1)]] [[Dosiye:History of English.jpg|thumb|amateka y'icyongereza]] Ururimi rw’'''Icyongereza''' (izina mu cyongereza : ''English'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Afurika y’Epfo]], [[Angwiya]], [[Antigwa na Baribuda]], [[Bahamasi]], [[Barubadosi]], [[Belize]], [[Berimuda]], [[Botswana]], [[Dominika]], [[Eritereya]], [[Fiji]], [[Filipine]], [[Gambiya]], [[Gana]], [[Gerenada]], [[Geworugiya y’Epfo n’Ibirwa bya Sanduwice y’Epfo]], [[Giburalitari]], [[Giyana]], [[Gwami]], [[Gwasi]], [[Helena Ntagatifu]], ... [[Abongereza]] n’[[Abanyamerika]] na bo bashaka ko isi yose ivuga Icyongereza. [[Category:Icyongereza]] 9dww43qk1mqklrmrobdi21r2xjp8911 14 3768 67396 62706 2013-03-22T01:11:42Z Vagrand 3765 wikidata.org/wiki/Q7923975 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikidage]] mgeptz0txc4xyslmspa7542bjr01oqm 14 3769 67167 62217 2013-03-14T05:48:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7034313]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 0 3770 78275 74067 2021-08-23T23:57:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Viyetinamu</span>]] [[File:LocationVietnam.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Viyetinamu</span>]] '''Viyetinamu''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Gisosiyalisite ya Viyetinamu''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Việt Nam'' cyangwa ''Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam'' ) ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Umurwa wa Viyetinamu ni [[Hanoyi]], kandi umujyi munini wa mbere ni Umujyi wa Hồ Chí Minh. Hồ Chí Minh yari perezida wa mbere wa [[Repubulika Kidemokarasi ya Viyetinamu]]. [[Dosiye:Hue Vietnam A-lady-with-her-bike-transporting-goods-01.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ubwikorezi muri viyetinamu]] [[Category:Viyetinamu| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cem4p3emgwzqp3qlc70eqcmrg13odwj 0 3771 16465 2011-01-06T11:55:46Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Vietnam]] to [[Viyetinamu]]: True Kinyarwanda name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Viyetinamu]] ir25n612lerqrhnkpxfccvo2igvzen5 0 3772 73080 73079 2020-08-13T18:01:34Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Yemeni</font>]] [[File:LocationYemen.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Yemeni</font>]] '''Yemeni''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''اليَمَن''' cyangwa '''الجمهورية اليمنية ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[File:ʿAns,_Dhamar,_Yemen.jpg|thumb|ʿAns, Dhamar, Yemen]] [[File:Emblem_of_Yemen_(2).svg|thumb|Emblem of Yemen (2)]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Yemeni]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qpoppv5eiwczev8t8u6z3jql1e342vx 0 3773 65718 65240 2013-03-11T10:48:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q129003]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa</font>]] [[File:TAAF-fr.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa</font>]] '''Ibihugu by’Amajyepfo Nyamfaransa''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Terres australes et antarctiques françaises'' cyangwa ''Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Antarigitika]]. [[Category:Antarigitika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] n2ey7tk9yndll8fa3rt9zhjjg12rfbw 0 3774 65720 65241 2013-03-11T10:48:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q16645]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:United States Minor Outlying Islands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa Bito Bikikije Leta Zunze Ubumwe</font>]] '''Ibirwa Bito Bikikije Leta Zunze Ubumwe''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''United States Minor Outlying Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4fhe74s4rrkcyzj4m643g7v96ybnjuw 0 3775 65761 65242 2013-03-11T10:50:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5689]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Åland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa by’Alande</font>]] [[File:LocationÅland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa by’Alande</font>]] '''Ibirwa by’Alande''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]] : ''Landskapet Åland'' ; izina mu [[kinyafinilande]] : ''Ahvenanmaan maakunta'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9oo8o2hjx57z932bewr2g92nm7jkml7 0 3776 65719 65243 2013-03-11T10:48:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4628]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Farowe</font>]] [[File:LocationFaroeIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Farowe</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Farowe''' (izina mu [[gifero]] : ''Føroyar'' ; izina mu [[kidanwa]] : ''Færøerne'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Uburayi]]. Bigenze n'Ubwami bwa Danimarike. [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fks5ir8xl3ki1gk8udtmhl70srbyr04 0 3777 16475 2011-01-06T12:44:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifero]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifero]] 3nsqel2brm7of3sn9myavue091lhc0c 0 3778 81769 65244 2022-01-31T11:41:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Faroe islands isoglosses.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igifero</span>]] '''Igifero''' (izina mu gifero : ''føroyskt'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Ibirwa bya Farowe]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fao'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igifero == Igifero kigizwe n’inyuguti 29 : a á b d ð e f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v y ý æ ø :inyajwi 13 : a á e i í o ó u ú y ý æ ø :indagi 16 : b d ð f g h j k l m n p r s t v <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Á]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ð]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Í]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ó]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ú]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ý]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Æ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ø]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|á||align="center"|b||align="center"|d||align="center"|ð||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|í||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ó||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ú||align="center"|v||align="center"|y||align="center"|ý||align="center"|æ||align="center"|ø |} </center> == Amagambo n'interuro mu gifero == * '''Hallo / Hey''' – Muraho * '''Vælkomin''' – Murakaza neza * '''Hvussu gongur? / Hvussu gongur tað?''' – Amakuru? * '''Mær gongst væl''' – Ni meza * '''Hvussu eitur tú?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Eg eiti ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Ja''' – Yego * '''?''' – Oya == Imibare == *'''eitt''' – rimwe *'''tvey''' – kabiri *'''trý''' – gatatu *'''fýra''' – kane *'''fimm''' – gatanu *'''seks''' – gatandatu *'''sjey''' – karindwi *'''átta''' – umunani *'''níggju''' – icyenda *'''tíggju''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gifero == *http://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Føroyskt_mál [[Category:Indimi z’ikidage]] f4a8m6a6q03sql3o7wjog8sxaqp6gaq 0 3779 65721 65245 2013-03-11T10:48:09Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9648]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Folukilande</font>]] [[File:LocationFalklandIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Folukilande</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Folukilande''' cyangwa '''Maluvinasi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Falkland Islands'' ; izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Islas Malvinas'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ppk1sw7ck00as85ltnjplevp17y9v7a 0 3780 16486 2011-01-06T13:23:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ibirwa bya Folukilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibirwa bya Folukilande]] tdv3irmp8x25l9ajsh55qeny6x9u4ye 0 3781 71519 65246 2018-07-01T05:36:13Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg|Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ruthven|Ruthven]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationCayman Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Kayimani</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Kayimani''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Cayman Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] bxzgklizwzeynh6hrnmi0qqkhzqxyb8 0 3782 65816 65247 2013-03-11T10:53:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q36004]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Koko</font>]] [[File:Keelingislands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Koko</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Koko''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] oxbahcknaavx4bxs8dxddo5x0tku1rt 0 3783 69741 65817 2015-04-02T17:29:20Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Kuke</font>]] [[File:LocationCookIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Kuke</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Kuke''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Cook Islands'' ; izina mu [[kimawori]] : ''Kūki 'Āirani'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 637s2hguwzdbib7mq7fsreqnx1hgews 0 3784 16495 2011-01-06T14:03:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigereki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigereki]] 01im8dmseltxyjj4lvcuorto3itb6dc 0 3785 16501 2011-01-06T14:17:34Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ikinyaturukiya]] to [[Igiturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukiya]] culrmdautheuip4rjfnpn55nwhicmet 0 3786 16503 2011-01-06T14:18:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukiya]] mpf82g7o7lh2l244up3xscim2fqic6x 0 3787 69742 65249 2015-04-02T17:29:22Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Marishali</font>]] [[File:LocationMarshallIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Marishali</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Marishali''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Marshall Islands'' cyangwa ''Republic of the Marshall Islands'' ; izina mu [[kimarishali]] : ''Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ibirwa bya Marishali witwa [[Majuro]]. [[Category:Ibirwa bya Marishali| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ehux735e0i90s10sl8kpmt6m8sp7joy 0 3788 65812 65250 2013-03-11T10:53:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q16644]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[File:LocationNorthernMarianas.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Northern Mariana Islands'' ; izina mu [[gishamoro]] : ''Islas Mariånas'' cyangwa ''Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas'' ; izina mu [[Carolinian]] : ?) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qrnxl125c4xb1ksd02mvetr3a5rek53 0 3789 65818 65251 2013-03-11T10:53:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q31057]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Norufoluki</font>]] [[File:LocationNorfolkIsland.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Norufoluki</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Norufoluki''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Norfolk Island'' cyangwa ''Territory of Norfolk Island'' ; izina mu [[kinorufoluki]] : ''Norfuk Ailen'' cyangwa ''Teritrii a' Norfuk Ailen'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kmcdxyjzg95lcmsuowmb4292lkrkyfv 0 3790 65252 64088 2013-03-08T01:15:57Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 141 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q685]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Solomoni</font>]] [[File:LocationSolomonIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Solomoni</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Solomoni''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Solomon Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] l24771cmmss6qf95qz2x8twc5yn3271 0 3791 65745 65253 2013-03-11T10:49:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q18221]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi</font>]] [[File:Turksandcaicos.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Turks and Caicos Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pv12mhppf5p2r0oublfzhf28c0kmeud 0 3792 71342 65747 2018-01-11T15:58:38Z Illegitimate Barrister 6978 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Map of USA VI.png]] → [[File:Map of USVI.png]] [[c:WP:NOTUSA]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Virigini bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe</font>]] [[File:Map of USVI.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Virigini bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Virigini bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''United States Virgin Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] m6kkl5zzevb7k71sts024cfirikqve7 0 3793 65746 65255 2013-03-11T10:49:47Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q25305]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ibirwa bya Virigini Nyongereza</font>]] [[File:LocationBritishVirginIslands.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Virigini Nyongereza</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Virigini Nyongereza''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''British Virgin Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gj5yf5vdlr0k8rvp7z2xo0esznbh8pn 0 3794 77158 68453 2021-08-08T03:09:06Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heard Island and McDonald Islands-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Icyirwa Hadi n’Ibirwa MakeDonalidi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Station Number 044 - Heard Island and McDonald Islands.jpg|thumb|''Heard Island and McDonald Islands'' ]] '''Icyirwa Hadi n’Ibirwa MakeDonalidi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Heard Island and McDonald Islands'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Antarigitika]]. [[Category:Antarigitika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] em456919l0xlf4zf5dubnrt8bmuzoig 0 3795 82790 73850 2022-05-03T15:28:55Z 94.73.52.90 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ikerene</font>]] [[File:Europe-Ukraine (disputed territory).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikerene</font>]] '''Ikerene''' (izina mu [[kinya-ikarayini]]: ''Україна'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ikerene witwa [[Kyiv]].Kugeza uyu munsi, iracyagoswe n'[[Uburusiya]]. [[File:Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church_in_Canberra.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Canberra]] [[File:68-104-9007_Kamianets-Podilskyi_Fortress_RB_18_2.jpg|thumb|68-104-9007 Kamianets-Podilskyi Fortress RB 18 2]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ikerene| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 2b14hxde4qqxacfk8o1jlb609jd1bwh 14 3796 67765 55170 2013-04-13T09:34:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 147 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130670]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] ifdlqc7m79ogt4645vo578x862txtoc 0 3797 65258 60785 2013-03-08T01:17:23Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 60 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23408]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Noruveje</font>]] [[File:Bouvet-pos.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikirwa cya Bouve</font>]] '''Ikirwa cya Bouve''' (izina mu [[kinyanoruveji]] : ''Bouvetøya'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Antarigitika]]. [[Category:Antarigitika]] [[Category:Noruveje]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 7p7u4p7ihszun2jc42iwth6sk9po6jd 0 3798 68817 65259 2014-06-06T18:09:13Z Fry1989 2867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Isle of Mann.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ikirwa cya Man</font>]] [[File:Uk map isle of man.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikirwa cya Man</font>]] '''Ikirwa cya Man''' (izina mu [[kimangisi]] : ''Ellan Vannin'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Isle of Man'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gv86420wdre4xrkjgwm1hawnn1f5qfu 0 3799 65743 65260 2013-03-11T10:49:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q31063]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Ikirwa cya Noheli</font>]] [[File:Christmasisland.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikirwa cya Noheli</font>]] '''Ikirwa cya [[Noheli]]''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Christmas Island'' cyangwa ''Territory of Christmas Island'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] n5maclo1o8hqb4gypy58w36zg6m0bcp 0 3800 73238 73237 2020-08-30T13:25:46Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Indonesiya</font>]] [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Indonesiya</font>]] '''Indonesiya''' cyangwa '''Indoneziya''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]] : ''Indonesia'' cyangwa ''Republik Indonesia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Indonesiya witwa [[Jakarta]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 261,115,456 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 1,904,569. [[File:Pacu_Jawi_in_Tanah_Datar.jpg|thumb|Pacu Jawi in Tanah Datar]] [[File:Pterois_volitans_Manado-e.jpg|thumb|Pterois volitans Manado-e]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Indonesiya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nr0qphuz61uzqvjlk94mato5gnqboz1 0 3801 75589 75588 2021-05-26T07:52:44Z WikiBayer 7821 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/112.206.101.69|112.206.101.69]] ([[User talk:112.206.101.69|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ndahiro derrick|Ndahiro derrick]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Irake</font>]] [[File:Iraq in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Irake</font>]] '''Irake''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''العراق ''' cyangwa '''جمهورية العراق ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 37,202,572 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 437,072. [[File:Al-Shohada_Stadium_Baghdad_IRAQ.jpg|thumb|Al-Shohada Stadium Baghdad IRAQ]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Irake]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jf7kdonkec5383gkdefliayn0lj4399 0 3802 78219 65263 2021-08-23T15:43:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Irigwe</font>]] [[File:Uruguay (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Irigwe</font>]] '''Irigwe''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Uruguay'' cyangwa ''República Oriental del Uruguay '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110809113827/http://portal.gub.uy/ Official website] [[Category:Irigwe| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8ltfkle2l81t91zsv6l4yksonhde9v9 0 3803 73811 73810 2020-11-03T11:33:51Z 78.13.34.94 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Irilande</font>]] [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Irilande</font>]] '''Irilande''' cyangwa '''Repebulika ya Irilande''' (izina mu [[kinyirilande]]: ''Éire'' cyangwa ''Poblacht na hÉireann''; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Ireland'' cyangwa ''Republic of Ireland'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Irilande witwa [[Dublin]]. [[File:Chapel_Royal_360x180,_Dublin_Castle,_Dublin,_Ireland_-_Diliff.jpg|thumb|Chapel Royal 360x180, Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland - Diliff]] [[File:Long_Room_Interior,_Trinity_College_Dublin,_Ireland_-_Diliff.jpg|thumb|Long Room Interior, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland - Diliff]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Irilande| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 7fflnda5k57pi69szcc7oa7c4q2xmga 0 3804 73820 72993 2020-11-03T11:46:39Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Isilande</font>]] [[File:Europe-Iceland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Isilande</font>]] '''Isilande''' (izina mu [[kinyisilande]]: ''Ísland'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Isilande witwa [[Reykjavík]]. [[File:2019-08-13_02_LEYNIR_-_IMO_9126388.jpg|thumb|2019-08-13 02 LEYNIR - IMO 9126388]] [[File:Iceland_Grimsvoetn_1972-B.jpg|thumb|Iceland Grimsvoetn 1972-B]] [[File:Museo_marítimo_Ósvör,_Bolungarvík,_Vestfirðir,_Islandia,_2014-08-15,_DD_066.JPG|thumb|Museo marítimo Ósvör, Bolungarvík, Vestfirðir, Islandia, 2014-08-15, DD 066]] {{Uburayi}} [[File:Elliðaey_(Breiðafjörður)_Iceland_M74A1908.jpg|thumb|Elliðaey (Breiðafjörður) Iceland M74A1908]] [[Category:Isilande| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] iazs95ld6q8qhf5jsscdyty8s7wyy2u 0 3805 74029 73243 2020-12-05T02:43:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Isirayeli</span>]] [[File:Israel in its region (pre 1967 territory).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Isirayeli</span>]] '''Isirayeli''' cyangwa '''Isiraheli''' , '''Isiraheri''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : '''יִשְׂרָאֵל‎‎''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Isirayeli witwa [[Tel Aviv]] (''de jure'') na [[Yerusalemu]] (''de facto''). Igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 8,819,660 (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 20,770–22,072. [[File:Israel-2013-Tel_Aviv_01-Reading_Power_Station.jpg|thumb|Israel-2013-Tel Aviv 01-Reading Power Station]] [[File:Addax-1-Zachi-Evenor.jpg|thumb|Addax-1-Zachi-Evenor]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Isirayeli| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pcfumnri55hnx9sctxk1swg7waq36rl 0 3806 73265 71413 2020-08-30T19:33:16Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe</font>]] [[File:LocationUnitedArabEmirates.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe</font>]] '''Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe''' cyangwa '''Repubulika Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9,269,612 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 86.300. [[File:United_Arab_Emirates_Pavilion,_Expo_2019.jpg|thumb|United Arab Emirates Pavilion, Expo 2019]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 54pvhiu7l3x2452s4oprqk1f6n7u8ew 0 3807 65268 63181 2013-03-08T01:19:23Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q16641]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of American Samoa.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Samowa Nyamerika</font>]] [[File:LocationAmericanSamoa.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Samowa Nyamerika</font>]] '''Samowa Nyamerika''' (izina mu [[gisamowani]] : ''Amerika Sāmoa'' cyangwa ''Sāmoa Amelika'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''American Samoa'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] na26atuac68snod53eb8rg5bjiel7vu 0 3808 76097 73046 2021-07-18T00:32:17Z 62.10.68.183 /* top */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Ositiriya</font>]] [[File:EU-Austria.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Ositiriya</font>]] '''Ositiriya''' cyangwa '''Otirishe''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Österreich '' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Austria_Bundesadler.svg|thumb|Austria Bundesadler]] [[File:Castillo_de_Hohenwerfen,_Werfen,_Austria,_2019-05-17,_DD_115.jpg|thumb|Castillo de Hohenwerfen, Werfen, Austria, 2019-05-17, DD 115]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8nz5d5e516gw83fz5w9uej0wjhk3o2a 0 3809 81574 78708 2022-01-31T11:10:56Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Ositaraliya</span>]] [[File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Ositaraliya</span>]] '''Ositaraliya''' cyangwa '''Australiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Australia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. Umurwa mukuru y'Ositaraliya ni [[Canberra]]. Abaturage by'Ositaraliya bangana 22,607,571. Ururimi rwa Ositaraliya ni icyongereza. [[Dosiye:The U.S., Japan and Austalia bring C-130s together for Operation Christmas Drop 161207-F-RA202-557.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Ositaraliya]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0ftbzwyda7i6rxmbb1z6a5kvsgewy0k 14 3810 65271 61054 2013-03-08T01:30:08Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411322]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 3811 72915 67478 2020-08-07T02:10:13Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika ya Santara Afurika</font>]] [[File:LocationCentralAfricanRepublic.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Repubulika ya Santara Afurika</font>]] '''Repubulika ya Santara Afurika''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République centrafricaine'' ; izina mu [[gisango]] : ''Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Repubulika ya Santara Afurika witwa [[Bangui]]. [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Central_African_Republic-NEW.png|thumb|Coat of arms of the Central African Republic-NEW]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Repubulika ya Santara Afurika| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kydvr4my4a8bjll5c4qc62a8xvmnfea 0 3812 73087 73086 2020-08-14T22:29:55Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Jamayika</font>]] [[File:LocationJamaica.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Jamayika</font>]] '''Jamayika''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Jamaica'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Jamayika witwa [[Kingston]]. [[File:Sutphin_Bl_Jamaica_Av_td_(2019-08-18)_07_-_Jamaica_Savings_Bank.jpg|thumb|Sutphin Bl Jamaica Av td (2019-08-18) 07 - Jamaica Savings Bank]] [[File:Parsons_Jamaica_td_(2019-08-15)_01.jpg|thumb|Parsons Jamaica td (2019-08-15) 01]] [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Jamaica_(version).svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Jamaica (version)]] [[Category:Jamayika]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kk7w17xo9zxhpo1fylcpqf6hhy8f41s 0 3813 78592 65274 2021-08-25T10:52:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Jersey.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Jersey</font>]] [[File:Uk map jersey.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Jersey</font>]] '''Jersey''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] na [[gifaransa]] : ''Jersey'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Dosiye:Jersey_by_Sentinel-2.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Jersey</font>]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] o5df0dcd9hwpuymzg20ivtyeaj5g220 0 3814 72872 72871 2020-08-07T01:06:10Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Jibuti</font>]] [[File:LocationDjibouti.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Jibuti</font>]] '''Jibuti''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''جيبوتي ‎''' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Djibouti'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Madgoul,_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|Madgoul, Djibouti]] [[File:An_aerial_view_of_Djibouti_City.jpg|thumb|An aerial view of Djibouti City]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Jibuti| ]] [[Category:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0s0b9abfc49ilc5zkeqwwasko96ao9g 0 3815 73246 73245 2020-08-30T19:07:02Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kambodiya</font>]] [[File:Location Cambodia ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kambodiya</font>]] '''Kambodiya''' (izina mu [[kinyakimeri]] : ''ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. * Abaturage: 15.762.370 (2017) * Ubuso: 181.035 (km²) [[File:Cambodia,_Sihanoukville_Province.jpg|thumb|Cambodia, Sihanoukville Province]][[File:Cambodia_-_fishermen_village.jpg|thumb|Cambodia - fishermen village]][[File:Cambodia._Water_buffaloes.jpg|thumb|Cambodia. Water buffaloes]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Kambodiya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 16si5zmt3j6tc9s1bibbmdi7oxbsunc 0 3816 72835 68525 2020-08-06T22:53:24Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kameruni</font>]] [[File:LocationCameroon.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kameruni</font>]] '''Kameruni''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Cameroon'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Cameroun'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Le_grand_boulevard_du_village_Ndanga_Cameroun.jpg|thumb|Le grand boulevard du village Ndanga Cameroun]] [[File:WL-Cameroun-Douala-Chariot_en_ville.jpg|thumb|WL-Cameroun-Douala-Chariot en ville]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Kameruni]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8f3gi67btdgiom2ktp76xjyb5n8b50g 0 3817 72836 68526 2020-08-06T22:59:02Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kapu Veri</font>]] [[File:Cape Verde (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kapu Veri</font>]] '''Kapu Veri''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''Cabo Verde'' , izina mu [[gikerewole]] : ''Kabu Verdi'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Sal_Cape_Verde_C_phelypaea_-_C_alexandrinus.jpg|thumb|Sal Cape Verde C phelypaea - C alexandrinus]] [[File:Coconut_trees_in_Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde,_December_2010.jpg|thumb|Coconut trees in Boa Vista, Cape Verde, December 2010]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5epokj646dca38usjf7hi2gi9v4du0e 0 3818 73249 73248 2020-08-30T19:10:22Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Katari</font>]] [[File:LocationQatar.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Katari</font>]] '''Katari''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''قطر‎ ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Katari witwa [[Doha]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 2,675,522 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 11,581. [[File:Plaza_with_benches_at_The_Pearl_Qatar.jpg|thumb|Plaza with benches at The Pearl Qatar]] [[File:Construction_of_The_Pearl_Qatar_in_2010.jpg|thumb|Construction of The Pearl Qatar in 2010]] [[File:Qatar_Cool_Plant_in_The_Pearl-Qatar.jpg|thumb|Qatar Cool Plant in The Pearl-Qatar]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Katari| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nrqsey1enfvmobcw25e4mc2hn48g993 0 3819 73825 72995 2020-11-03T11:51:42Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kazakisitani</font>]] [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kazakisitani</font>]] '''Kazakisitani''' (izina mu [[gikazaki]]: ''Қазақстан'' cyangwa ''Қазақстан Республикасы''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Казахстан '' cyangwa ''Республика Казахстан'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 17,987,736 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,724,900. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Kazakisitani witwa [[Nursultan]]. [[File:Kazakhstan_Altay_3.jpg|thumb|Kazakhstan Altay 3]] [[File:Kazakhstan_Altay_2.jpg|thumb|Kazakhstan Altay 2]] {{Uburayi}} {{Aziya}} [[Category:Kazakisitani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qcqi796i2gdqch1iycwax3korbelmpd 0 3820 81356 73396 2022-01-19T16:14:51Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg|Coat_of_arms_of_Kenya_(Official).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ruthven|Ruthven]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Kenya Coat of Arms-detail.svg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kenya</font>]] [[File:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kenya</font>]] '''Kenya''' (izina mu [[giswayili]] : ''Kenya'' cyangwa ''Jamhuri ya Kenya'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Kenya'' cyangwa ''Republic of Kenya'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]].Kuri kilometero kare 580.367 (224.081 sq mi), Kenya nicyo gihugu cya 48 kinini ku isi ku buso bwose. Igihugu gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 47.6, Kenya ni cyo gihugu cya 29 gituwe cyane. Umurwa mukuru wa Kenya n'umujyi munini ni Nairobi, mu gihe umujyi wacyo wa kera n'umurwa mukuru wa mbere ari umujyi wa Mombasa uri ku nkombe. Umujyi wa Kisumu n'umujyi wa gatatu munini kandi ni n'icyambu cy'imbere ku kiyaga cya Victoria. Ibindi bigo byingenzi byo mumijyi birimo Nakuru na Eldoret. Kugeza mu 2020, Kenya ni ubukungu bwa gatatu mu bukungu muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara nyuma ya Nijeriya na Afurika y'Epfo. Kenya ihana imbibi na Sudani y'Amajyepfo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Etiyopiya mu majyaruguru, Somaliya mu burasirazuba, Uganda mu burengerazuba, Tanzaniya mu majyepfo, n'Inyanja y'Ubuhinde mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. [[File:Patch1_Nairobi_school.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Patch1 Nairobi school]] [[File:Askari_monument_Mombasa.jpg|thumb|Askari monument Mombasa|alt=|left]] [[File:Watamu_Beach,_Kenya_03.jpg|thumb]] {{Afurika}}[[File:Moi_Airport_Mombasa_2010.jpg|thumb|Moi Airport Mombasa 2010]] [[Category:Kenya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ejtangibb7spmr1nr0u5s2i128jwxcr 0 3821 78408 65282 2021-08-24T12:25:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kiba</font>]] [[File:LocationCuba.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kiba</font>]] '''Kiba''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de Cuba'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Kiba witwa [[Havana]]. [[Dosiye:Shin-Kiba_Station-2.jpg|thumb|sitasiyo ya kiba]] [[Category:Kiba| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] glw62y74nuleerzqz67w017qdzjazgb 0 3822 69744 65283 2015-04-02T17:29:26Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kiribati</font>]] [[File:LocationKiribati.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kiribati</font>]] '''Kiribati''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] na [[kinyagiliberiti]] : ''Kiribati'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] r4d29j3rt2894n56txkzgum4119ufpj 0 3823 71402 68482 2018-02-20T10:30:26Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kirigizisitani</font>]] [[File:LocationKyrgyzstan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kirigizisitani</font>]] '''Kirigizisitani''' (izina mu [[gikirigizi]] : ''Кыргызстан'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 6,019,480 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 199,951. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Kirigizisitani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0ufq2fvxicvzze2xg7xgqsx3e5jfkfm 0 3824 68625 65285 2014-01-16T01:54:08Z Roboting 4285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kolombiya</font>]] [[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kolombiya</font>]] '''Kolombiya''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Colombia'' cyangwa ''República de Colombia '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Kolombiya witwa [[Bogota]]. [[Category:Kolombiya| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 90f09v0sncb7u7c5ku7fntfiikwnkze 0 3825 72838 72837 2020-08-06T23:40:28Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Komore</font>]] [[File:LocationComoros.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Komore</font>]] '''Komore''' (izina mu [[gikomore]] : ''Komori'' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الاتّحاد القمُريّ''' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Union des Comores'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Komore witwa [[Moroni]]. [[File:Shores_Moroni.jpg|thumb|Shores Moroni]] [[File:Moroni_rain_2.jpg|thumb|Moroni rain 2]] [[File:Moroni_sunset.jpg|thumb|Moroni sunset]] [[File:Moroni_street_1.jpg|thumb|Moroni street 1]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Komore| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 26mvbdt29ibeq61f7xbvwv3bbgeswe3 0 3826 74048 72845 2020-12-05T02:46:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''République du Congo<br />Repubilika ya Kongo<br />Repubulika ya Kongo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | <span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kongo</span> | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationRCongo.svg|300px]]<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Kongo</span> |} '''Kongo''' cyangwa '''Repubulika ya Kongo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République du Congo'' ; izina mu [[kinyakongo]] : ''Repubilika ya Kongo'' ; izina mu [[lingala]] : ''Republiki ya Kongó'' ) n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati kiri mu burengerazuba bw'[[amajyaruguru]] ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa '''Kongo Brazzaville'''. Iki gihugu kizwi nka Congo-Brazza gifite amoko atandukanye. Umuco w’iki gihugu wakomotse cyane cyane mu bwami bwa Congo, Loango, ndetse naTeke. Imbyino zihabwa agaciro kanini cyane mu muco w’Abanyekongo, mu zizwi cyane hakaba harimo Kebo na Zango. [[File:Congo_Brazzaville_2014.png|thumb|Congo Brazzaville 2014]] [[File:Église_saint_Anne.jpg|thumb|Église saint Anne]] [[File:Congo._-_BRAZZAVILLE._-_Tailleur_Loango.jpg|thumb|Congo. - BRAZZAVILLE. - Tailleur Loango]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Repubulika ya Kongo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] dktcckywz02zg1v5q4646egnh2izx7b 0 3827 16574 2011-01-06T19:46:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kongo]] ch3a5ulu2cfrkx8ijunz1bn6qy5noz9 0 3828 75497 72048 2021-05-14T12:24:30Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika ya rubanda iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya</font>]] [[File:North Korea (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Koreya y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] '''Koreya y’Amajyaruguru''' cyangwa '''Koreya ya Ruguru''' ([[igikoreya]]: '''북조선'''), cyangwa '''Repubulika ya rubanda iharanira demokarasi ya Koreya''' ([[igikoreya]]: '''조선민주주의인민공화국'''), ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Umurwa mukuru rw'iki gihugu ni [[Pyongyang]]. Ururimi rwa Koreya y’Amajyaruguru ni igikoreya, ariko kiratandukanye n’icya [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] mu kibonezamvugo n’amagambo. Umuyobozi wayo ni [[Kim Jong-un]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 25,368,620 (2016), batuye ku buso bwa 120,540km². Koreya y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo zari ubukoloni bw’Ubuyapani, kugeza aho [[Intambara ya kabiri y’isi]] irangiriye mu [[1945]]. {{Commons|Category:North Korea|Koreya y’Amajyaruguru}} {{Aziya}} [[Category:Koreya y’Amajyaruguru| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f8ts4spmiawzfxj2qxwfa9wf6jei4lr 0 3829 16577 2011-01-06T19:52:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] nozn0igmcgzo37aw29o5hazjg7wmn1w 0 3830 71404 68727 2018-02-20T10:41:15Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of South Korea.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right]] [[File:Locator map of South Korea.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Koreya y’Amajyepfo</font>]] '''Koreya y’Amajyepfo''' cyangwa '''Koreya y'Epfo''' (izina mu [[gikoreya]] : '''대한민국''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Umujyi mukuru rwa Koreya y'Epfo ni [[Seoul]]. Abanyakoreya bavuga igikoreya. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 51,446,201 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 100,210. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Koreya y’Amajyepfo| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cpglj6axd3byhtwxej1g2nbtijjarve 0 3831 16579 2011-01-06T19:57:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] 1tltfhspj62thqoknig1riey3p1x9vv 0 3832 80702 73826 2021-11-22T16:37:43Z KPFC 9541 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Croatia Opatija Women with dove BW 2014-10-10 10-35-13.jpg]] → [[File:Croatia Opatija Maiden with the Seagull BW 2014-10-10 10-35-13.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · “Woman with dove” (singular) might also do, but “Maiden with the Seagull” seems to be the official english title wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Korowatiya</font>]] [[File:EU-Croatia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Korowatiya</font>]] '''Korowatiya''' (izina mu [[kinyakorowasi]]: ''Hrvatska'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Korowatiya witwa [[Zagreb]]. [[File:Anfiteatro_de_Pula,_Croacia,_2017-04-17,_DD_49-57_HDR_PAN.jpg|thumb|Anfiteatro de Pula, Croacia, 2017-04-17, DD 49-57 HDR PAN]] [[File:Croatia Opatija Maiden with the Seagull BW 2014-10-10 10-35-13.jpg|thumb|Croatia Opatija Women with dove BW 2014-10-10 10-35-13]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] bjl0412dzykz4wjpmqt8qj6uye49wub 0 3833 68686 65748 2014-02-09T01:13:40Z Arstempo 4329 Images wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg|thumb|300px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kosita Rika</font>]] [[File: LocationCostaRica.svg|right|310px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kosita Rika</font>]] [[File:Collage Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|300px|Pictures of Costa Rica, icons of the most recognized national values]] '''Kosita Rika''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Costa Rica'' cyangwa ''República de Costa Rica'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gblscq6xxui6esnb2huw6uv0gzgdigv 0 3834 81695 72848 2022-01-31T11:29:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Kote Divuwari</span>]] [[File:LocationCotedIvoire.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Kote Divuwari</span>]] [[File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Ivory_Coast.png|alt=|left|thumb|Coat of Arms of the Ivory Coast]] '''Kote Divuwari''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Côte d'Ivoire'' cyangwa ''République de Côte d'Ivoire'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Public_Transport_in_Abidjan,_Ivory_Coast_12.jpg|thumb|Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 12]] [[File:Public_Transport_in_Abidjan,_Ivory_Coast_08.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Public Transport in Abidjan, Ivory Coast 08]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Kote Divuwari| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] n9fq2wjew8yh60w8kckjsh7uqhvzbsi 0 3835 75135 73250 2021-03-04T00:32:54Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kuwait_Towers_RB.jpg|Kuwait_Towers_RB.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Missvain|Missvain]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Kuwait Towers|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Koweti</font>]] [[File:Map of Kuwait.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Koweti</font>]] '''Koweti''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''دولة الكويت''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4,052,584 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 17,818. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Koweti]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] dge6qywfy6q4vv0rhiup0shf3cdould 0 3836 73835 72999 2020-11-03T11:57:12Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Lativiya</font>]] [[File:EU-Latvia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lativiya</font>]] '''Lativiya''' (izina mu [[kilativiya]]: ''Latvija'' cyangwa ''Latvijas Republika'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Lativiya witwa [[Riga]]. [[File:Kemeru_Bog.jpg|thumb|Kemeru Bog]] [[File:Latvijas_vēstniecības_Krievijā_ēka.jpg|thumb|Latvijas vēstniecības Krievijā ēka]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Lativiya]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f7ikcgxdh5tkgk0j3m3g9rul6hpy0od 0 3837 73252 73251 2020-08-30T19:16:41Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Lawosi</font>]] [[File:Location Laos ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lawosi</font>]] '''Lawosi''' (izina mu [[kilawo]] : '''ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 6,758,353 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 237,955. [[File:Bubalus_bubalis_(water_buffalo)_calf,_looking_at_the_viewer,_the_feet_in_a_pond,_in_Laos.jpg|thumb|Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) calf, looking at the viewer, the feet in a pond, in Laos]] [[File:Careening_of_a_pirogue_on_a_sand_beach,_at_golden_hour,_in_Si_Phan_Don,_Laos.jpg|thumb|Careening of a pirogue on a sand beach, at golden hour, in Si Phan Don, Laos]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Lawosi| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f5zubxtnd7bu6vp96byoki61vciau5b 0 3838 72880 72879 2020-08-07T01:21:28Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya lesoto</font>|alt=]] [[File:LocationLesotho.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Aligeriya</font>]] '''Aligeriya''' (izina mu [[gisotho]] (Amajyepfo) : ''Muso oa Lesotho'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Lesotho'' cyangwa ''Kingdom of Lesotho'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Lesoto witwa [[Maseru]]. [[File:Maseru_station.JPG|alt=|left|thumb|Maseru station]] [[File:Unnamed_Road,_Lesotho_-_panoramio_(51).jpg|thumb|Unnamed Road, Lesotho - panoramio (51)]] [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lesotho.svg|alt=|left|thumb|250x250px|Coat of arms of Lesotho]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Lesoto| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rczjrjfitvfy3mk0ytq7jt6h2pte984 0 3840 73254 73253 2020-08-30T19:18:21Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Libani</font>]] [[File:LocationLebanon.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Libani</font>]] '''Libani''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''لُبْنَان‎ ''' cyangwa '''اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّة اَللُّبْنَانِيَّة ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 6,006,668 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 10,452. [[File:Kamieniołom_Liban_DK49c.jpg|thumb|Kamieniołom Liban DK49c]] [[File:Kopiec_Krakusa_ponad_Kamieniołomem_Liban_w_Krakowie_20200821_1251_1084.jpg|thumb|Kopiec Krakusa ponad Kamieniołomem Liban w Krakowie 20200821 1251 1084]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Libani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cy1x42cr1aqsviaojxut0jw7y8so75s 0 3841 72884 72883 2020-08-07T01:25:26Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Liberia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Liberiya</font>]] [[File:LocationLiberia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Liberiya</font>]] '''Liberiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Liberia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Monrovia_CA_San_Gabriel_Mountains_i210.JPG|alt=|left|thumb|Monrovia CA San Gabriel Mountains i210]] [[File:Levi_Eshko_Robertsville_Monrovia_1966-06-04.jpg|thumb|Levi Eshko Robertsville Monrovia 1966-06-04]] [[File:Fort_Libéria_06.jpg|thumb|Fort Libéria 06]] [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Liberia.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Liberia]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Liberiya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] tuoa1c1p07hicce01whdyr4pa4uqn3f 0 3842 72889 72888 2020-08-07T01:31:44Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Libiya</font>]] [[File:Libya in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Libiya</font>]] '''Libiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''ليبيا ‎ ''' cyangwa '''الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى ‎ ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Tripoli_catholic_church.jpg|thumb|Tripoli catholic church]] [[File:Tripoli_Skyline_edit.jpg|thumb|Tripoli Skyline edit]] [[File:The_new_University_of_Libya_Dune.jpg|thumb|The new University of Libya Dune]] [[File:Libya_of_Tripoli.jpg|thumb|Libya of Tripoli]] [[File:Libya_4983_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Libya 4983 Tadrart Acacus Luca Galuzzi 2007]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Libiya]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 2g1ix3j7aet3wppegczf42ii146f1fj 0 3843 81095 80750 2021-12-08T10:29:39Z Εὐθυμένης 9895 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Radviliskis COA.gif]] → [[File:Radviliškis Coat of Arms.svg]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Lituwaniya</font>]] [[File:EU-Lithuania.svg|thumb|250px|left|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lituwaniya</font>]] '''Lituwaniya''' (izina mu [[kilituwaniya]]: ''Lietuva'' cyangwa ''Lietuvos Respublika'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Lituwaniya witwa [[Vilnius]]. Abaturage | population_estimate = 2,944,459<ref>[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=7743&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= Number of population], [[Statistics Lithuania]].</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 138th | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_census = 3,043,429<ref name="2011census">{{cite book|title=Lithuanian 2011 Population Census in Brief|year=2012|publisher=Statistics Lithuania|isbn=978-9955-797-17-3|url=http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Lietuvos_gyventojai_2011.pdf|accessdate=2014-05-21|archive-date=2015-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903235533/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Lietuvos_gyventojai_2011.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 {{reflist}} [[File:Lietuvos-vakaru-krasto-dainu-svente-Klaipeda.jpg|thumb|Lietuvos-vakaru-krasto-dainu-svente-Klaipeda]] === Imijyi === {|class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="11"| |- !rowspan=23 width:150|<br /> [[File:Vilnius - Rotušės aikštė.jpg|135px|Vilnius]]<br />[[Vilnius]] [[File:Kaunas panorama.jpg|135px|Kaunas]]<br />[[Kaunas]] [[File:Lithuania Klaipeda 1.jpg|135px|Klaipėda]]<br />[[Klaipėda]] [[File:Panevėžys001.JPG|135px|Panevėžys]]<br />[[Panevėžys]]<br /> ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"|[[List of cities in Lithuania|N°]] ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"|[[List of cities in Lithuania|Umujyi]] ! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"|[[List of cities in Lithuania|Abaturage]] !rowspan=23 width:150| [[File:Alytus ziema.jpg|border|135px|Alytus]]<br />[[Alytus]] [[File:Marijampole city.jpg|135px|Marijampolė]]<br />[[Marijampolė]] [[File:Mazeikiu savivaldybe.jpg|135px|Mažeikiai]]<br />[[Mažeikiai]] [[File:Jonava.jpg|135px|Jonava]]<br />[[Jonava]]<br /> |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|1||align=left|'''[[File:Grand Coat of arms of Vilnius.png|15px]] [[Vilnius]]'''||546,733 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|2||align=left|'''[[File:Kaunas city COA.png|15px]] [[Kaunas]]'''||352,279 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|3||align=left|'''[[File:Coat of arms of Klaipeda (Lithuania).png|15px]] [[Klaipėda]]'''||183,433 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|4||align=left|'''[[File:Siauliai city COA.gif|15px]] [[Šiauliai]]'''||126,215 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|5||align=left|'''[[File:Coat of Arms of Panevezys.svg|15px]] [[Panevėžys]]'''||112,619 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|6||align=left|'''[[File:Coat of arms of Alytus (Lithuania).svg|15px]] [[Alytus]]'''||67,505 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|7||align=left|'''[[File:Marijampole COA.gif|15px]] [[Marijampolė]]'''||46,692 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|8||align=left|'''[[File:Mazeikiai COA.gif|15px]] [[Mažeikiai]]'''||40,505 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|9||align=left|'''[[File:Coat of arms of Jonava (Lithuania).svg|15px]] [[Jonava]]'''||34,238 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|10||align=left|'''[[File:Utena COA.gif|15px]] [[Utena, Lithuania|Utena]]'''||32,476 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|11||align=left|'''[[File:Kedainiai COA.gif|15px]] [[Kėdainiai]]'''||30,835 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|12||align=left|'''[[File:Telsiai COA.gif|15px]] [[Telšiai]]'''||29,883 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|13||align=left|'''[[File:Visaginas coat of arms.png|15px]] [[Visaginas]]'''||28,160 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|14||align=left|'''[[File:Taurage COA.gif|15px]] [[Tauragė]]'''||27,696 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|15||align=left|'''[[File:Ukmergė COA.svg|15px]] [[Ukmergė]]'''||27,323 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|16||align=left|'''[[File:Plunge COA.gif|15px]] [[Plungė]]'''||23,161 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|17||align=left|'''[[File:Kretinga COA.gif|15px]] [[Kretinga]]'''||21,445 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|18||align=left|'''[[File:Silute COA.gif|15px]] [[Šilutė]]'''||20,839 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|19||align=left|'''[[File:Radviliškis Coat of Arms.svg|15px]] [[Radviliškis]]'''||19,404 |- | style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"|20||align=left|'''[[File:Coat of arms of Palanga (Lithuania).svg|15px]] [[Palanga]]'''||17,574 |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"|[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010210&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=3239&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= Source, 2009] |} {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Lituwaniya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] sygop87sr1fsnqrj2flqn9xzowvqt9e 0 3844 81300 73837 2021-12-21T20:30:29Z Kontrollstellekundl 4307 f wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Crowned greater arms of Liechtenstein.svg|thumb|upright=.5|left|Crowned greater arms of Liechtenstein]][[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|thumb|upright|Ibendera rya Liyeshitensiteyine]] [[File:Location Liechtenstein Europe.png|thumb|upright|Ikarita ya Liyeshitensiteyine]] '''Liyeshitensiteyine''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Fürstentum Liechtenstein'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Liyeshitensiteyine witwa [[Vaduz]]. [[File:Johanneskirche_Vaduz,_Liechtenstein.jpg|thumb|upright|Johanneskirche Vaduz, Liechtenstein]] [[File:Schloss_Vaduz-01ASD.jpg|thumb|upright|Schloss Vaduz, Liechtenstein]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Liyeshitensiteyine| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] bky9cfnvj7gmsii20cj0j2xqigq3y3a 0 3845 73008 73007 2020-08-09T19:15:17Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Lugizamburu</font>]] [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lugizamburu</font>]] '''Lugizamburu''' (izina mu [[kinyalugizamburu]] : ''Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg'' ; izina mu [[kidage]] : ''Großherzogtum Luxemburg'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Grand-Duché de Luxembourg'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Luxembourg_City_monument_Guillaume_II_statue_2011.jpg|thumb|Luxembourg City monument Guillaume II statue 2011]] [[File:Luxembourg_Pfaffenthal_Alzette_Béinchen_01.jpg|thumb|Luxembourg Pfaffenthal Alzette Béinchen 01]] [[File:Palais_Luxembourg_Sunset_Edit.JPG|thumb|Palais Luxembourg Sunset Edit]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Lugizamburu| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] lzko0pns3b5if3kuuvvp08pb2b25y7p 0 3846 72909 72908 2020-08-07T02:02:37Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Namibiya</font>]] [[File:LocationNamibia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Namibiya</font>]] '''Namibiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Namibia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Panthera_leo_stretching_(Etosha,_2012).jpg|thumb|Panthera leo stretching (Etosha, 2012)]] [[File:Sossusvlei,_Namibia,_2018-08-06,_DD_017.jpg|thumb|Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 017]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Namibiya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] hq3rbpurnwzn5w6h6mqdesd8qoseqy1 0 3847 74051 72892 2020-12-05T02:47:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Madagasikari</span>]] [[File:Madagascar (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Madagasikari</span>]] '''Madagasikari''' (izina mu [[kimaragasi]] : ''Repoblikan'i Madagasikara'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République de Madagascar'' ) n’[[igihugu]] hafi y’[[inyanja y’Ubuhinde]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Madagasikari witwa [[Antananarivo]]. Madagasikari igizwe n’uruhurirane rw’abaturage bakomotse muri Afrika ndetse no mu barabu. Ibyo bituma umuco w’icyo gihugu ugenda ugaragaramo uruvangavange rwakomotse muri ibyo bihugu byose. Icyo gihugu gifite amoko agera kuri 18, buri bwoko bukaba bufite umwihariko mu bjyanye n’umuco cyane cyane indirimbo n’imbyino. Muri izo mbyino hakaba harimo salegy, bahoejy, malessa, kilalaka ndetse na vakodrazana. [[File:Rova_di_Antananarivo.jpg|thumb|Rova di Antananarivo]] [[File:Rova_Antananarivo_Madagascar_2015.jpg|thumb|Rova Antananarivo Madagascar 2015]] [[File:Government_of_Madagascar_Boeing_737-300_JetPix.jpg|thumb|Government of Madagascar Boeing 737-300 JetPix]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Madagasikari| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 51rfrji4gv8yjjmz4zv1v5izfp1pauu 0 3848 72029 72027 2019-12-20T06:40:21Z Chongkian 3963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Makawo</font>]] [[File:Macau locator map.svg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Makawo</font>]] [[File:Lago Nam Van, Macao, 2013-08-08, DD 05.jpg|thumb|Makawo]] '''Makawo''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]] : ''中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區'' ; izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Category:Ubushinwa]] 9wvoglxn5x61glx3gc7122flmi4k882 0 3849 72896 72895 2020-08-07T01:46:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of the Republic of Malawi.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Malawi</font>]] [[File:LocationMalawi.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Malawi</font>]] '''Malawi''' (izina mu [[gicewa]] : ''Malaŵi'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Malawi'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]., [[File:Ilala_on_malawi_lake.jpg|thumb|Ilala on malawi lake]] [[File:Landing_on_malawi_lake.jpg|thumb|Landing on malawi lake]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Malawi| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 762u8r8up3aghwo9moifjqpaqs8c3tn 0 3850 75874 75873 2021-06-28T04:42:10Z Mtarch11 9129 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Kalimantan tatsu|Kalimantan tatsu]] ([[User talk:Kalimantan tatsu|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Mtarch11|Mtarch11]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Malesiya</font>]] [[File:Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Malesiya</font>]] '''Malesiya''' cyangwa '''Maleziya''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]] : ''Malaysia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 31,856,000 (2018), batuye kubuso bwa km² 330,803. [[File:Melaka_Malaysia_Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-02.jpg|thumb|Melaka Malaysia Majlis-Bandaraya-Melaka-Bersejarah-02]] [[File:Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Federal-Territory-Mosque-05.jpg|thumb|Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Federal-Territory-Mosque-05]] [[File:Butorides_striata_javanica_@_Kuala_Lumpur,_Malaysia_(3).jpg|thumb|Butorides striata javanica @ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (3)]] [[File:Gombak_Selangor_Batu-Caves-01.jpg|thumb|Gombak Selangor Batu-Caves-01]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Malesiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ny4vcvz7xwwynh7li76zswk76ufl6af 0 3851 16617 2011-01-06T22:45:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukiya]] mpf82g7o7lh2l244up3xscim2fqic6x 0 3852 16619 2011-01-06T22:56:26Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Kilatini]] to [[Ikilatini]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilatini]] pwh8nkxci82dquwd9q7ta737wrk0nfh 0 3853 72899 72898 2020-08-07T01:49:54Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mali</font>]] [[File:LocationMali.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mali</font>]] '''Mali''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République du Mali'' ; izina mu [[kibambara]] : ''Mali ka Fasojamana'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mali witwa [[Bamako]]. [[File:Mali,_West_Africa.jpg|thumb|Mali, West Africa]] [[File:J32_236_Mali_Lošinj.jpg|thumb|J32 236 Mali Lošinj]] [[File:MaliDjennéMosquée.JPG|thumb|281x281px|MaliDjennéMosquée]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Mali]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9fx2f4m335tomxq6bj0fi9km5p47tqm 0 3854 68166 65309 2013-07-24T04:24:36Z Midas02 4032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mcita murutsxi.jpg|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">igazeti</font>]] '''Ikilazi''' (izina mu kilazi : ''lazuri nena'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Turukiya]] na [[Geworugiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lzz'''. == Alfabeti y’ikilazi == Ikilazi kigizwe n’inyuguti 35 : a b c ç ç̌ d e f g ğ h x i j k ǩ q l m n o p p̌ r s ş t t̆ u v y z ž ʒ ǯ :inyajwi 5 : a e i o u :indagi 30 : b c ç ç̌ d f g ğ h x j k ǩ q l m n p p̌ r s ş t t̆ v y z ž ʒ ǯ <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="35" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç̌]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ğ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ǩ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P̌]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ş]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ť]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ʒ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ǯ]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="35" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|ç̌||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|x||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|ǩ||align="center"|q||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|p̌||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|ş||align="center"|t||align="center"|t̆||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|y||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž||align="center"|ʒ||align="center"|ǯ |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * '''-(e)pe''' ** '''Laz''' – '''Lazepe''' Umulazi – Abalazi ** '''çxomi''' – '''çxomepe''' ifi – amafi ** '''bere''' – '''berepe''' umwana – abwana ** '''xe''' – '''xepe''' ikiganza – ibiganza * '''-lepe''' ** '''ndğa''' – '''ndğalepe''' umunsi – iminsi ** '''nca''' – '''ncalepe''' igiti – ibiti ** '''kva''' – '''kvalepe''' ibuye – amabuye == Amagambo n'interuro mu kilazi == * '''Xelaǩaoba''' – Muraho * '''Ǩai moxtit''' – Murakaza neza * '''Didi Mardi''' – Murakoze * '''Çkimi coxo...ren''' – Nitwa ... * '''Ho''' – Yego * '''Va''' – Oya * '''ǩoçi''' – umugabo * '''oxorca''' – umugore == Imibare == *'''ar''' – rimwe *'''jur''' – kabiri *'''sum''' – gatatu *'''otxo''' – kane *'''xut''' – gatanu *'''aşi''' – gatandatu *'''şkvit''' – karindwi *'''ovro''' – umunani *'''nçxoro''' – icyenda *'''vit''' – icyenda == Wikipediya mu kilazi == *http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/lzz == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.lazuri.com/oxomonduli.html www.lazuri.com] <font color="grey">(mu gituruki)</font> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyakokaze]] [[Category:Turukiya]] [[Category:Geworugiya]] lts63m6qan6w7xh5f5j7zdqy72ukpor 0 3855 16640 2011-01-07T02:25:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilazi]] ju1ihakn6y3z6nyr5lokaz4aaqal0xj 0 3856 82255 82101 2022-03-11T14:58:26Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing New-Map-Francophone_World.svg with [[File:Map-Francophone_World.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: no need for dab). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map-Francophone World.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igifaransa</span>]] '''Igifaransa''' (izina mu gifaransa : ''Français'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] ruvugwa mu bihugu by’[[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubusuwisi]],[[Ububirigi]],bya [[Kanada]] by'umwihariko muri intara ya Québec. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fra'''. == Wikipediya mu gifaransa == * http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] lzt6iysscf779rc9bndfdu0m0jas6pb 0 3857 16647 2011-01-07T02:39:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifaransa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifaransa]] cjfpjkqluc6gsrekm71ij40oew97qjw 0 3858 16650 2011-01-07T03:10:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ukwezi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ukwezi]] 6ikog3uvcmk48l3hw7dicyq24n49fts 0 3859 76983 65311 2021-08-05T00:04:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guilford College Bulletin (1911-1915) - DPLA - e1f1004e312e967a90c1c5cfb8d752c4 (page 362).jpg|center|thumb|calindari]] '''Umwaka''' Igice cy'igihe kigizwe n'[[amezi]] cumi n'abiri (12) uhereye kuri [[Mutarama]] kugeza mu [[Ukuboza]]. Umwaka ushobora kugira [[iminsi]] 365 cyangwa 366 bitewe n'uwo ari wo. Uwo munsi umwe uranga cyangwa ubura uturuka ku kwezi kwa Gashyantare kugira iminsi [[makumyabiri n umunani|makumyabiri n'umunani]] cyangwa [[makumyabiri n icyenda|makumyabiri n'icyenda]] bitewe n'umwaka. Buri myaka ine [[ukwezi kwa kabiri]] guhindura umubare w'iminsi ikaba 29. Ni ukuvuga ko imyaka itatu ikurikiranye igira ukwezi kwa [[Gashyantare]] kw'iminsi 28 maze umwaka ukurikiyeho ugahita uhindura ikaba 29. Imyaka yose [[Kugabanyika|igabanyika]] na kane igira iminsi 366 naho itagabanyika na kane ikagira 365. Ingero: * Umwaka wa 1987 wari ufite iminsi 365 (1978 kugabanya 4 ni 496 hagasigara '''3''') * Umwaka wa 2000 wari ufite iminsi 366 (2000 kugabanya 4 ni 500 hagasigara '''zeru(0)''') * Umwaka wa 2020 uzagira iminsi 366 * Umwaka wa 2021 uzagira iminsi 365 Umwaka mu Rwanda ugabanyijemo [[Ibihe by ubuhinzi|ibihe]] bine by'ingenzi ari byo [[Urugaryi]], [[Itumba]], [[Icyi]], [[Umuhindo]] bitandukanywa n'imigwire y'[[imvura]] [[Category:Imyaka| ]] geqbsqfd728k5inz8dgl3y3ebndy62i 0 3860 16653 2011-01-07T03:14:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunsi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunsi]] 85syjxq5gl5yojh5cr2mo81pp1tk3j7 0 3861 16654 2011-01-07T03:15:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwaka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwaka]] qk204ntw258iukf2k5xdn0mm3wzw4a8 0 3863 73259 71409 2020-08-30T19:24:25Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Malidivezi</font>]] [[File:LocationMaldives.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Malidivezi</font>]] '''Malidivezi''' (izina mu [[kimaldivezi]] : '''ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ ''' cyangwa '''ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ ''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Malidivezi witwa [[Malé]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 427,756 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 298. [[File:Male-total.jpg|thumb|Male-total]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Malidivezi| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] lnq8p7wyz52dgc03496huyouy56gbcd 0 3864 73838 73010 2020-11-03T12:00:32Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Malita</font>]] [[File:EU-Malta.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Malita</font>]] '''Malita''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: '''Repubblika ta' Malta'''; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Malta'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Malita witwa [[La Valletta]]. [[File:Republic_Square_Valletta_Malta_2014.jpg|thumb|Republic Square Valletta Malta 2014]] [[File:Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg|thumb|Fort Chambray 0001]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Malita| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kewndv60es9ttyrqrcho930rufwip1l 0 3865 71833 70971 2019-06-05T16:05:57Z Jfblanc 553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Maritinike</font>]] [[File:LocationMartinique.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Maritinike</font>]] '''Maritinike''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Martinique'' ; izina mu [[gikerewole]] : ''Martinik'' cyangwa ''Matnik'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pzd4p2ggeotoor71fcp0unm1dwrnfcy 0 3866 75937 75936 2021-06-30T03:00:27Z Wutsje 658 rv cross-wiki pov pushing, see https://guc.toolforge.org/?src=rc&by=date&user=Badr+Eoax wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Maroke</font>]] [[File:Morocco in its region (de-facto and disputed hatched).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Maroke</font>]] '''Maroke''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''المملكة المغربية ''' ; izina mu [[kiberiberi]] : '''ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ ''' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Royaume du Maroc'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Maroke witwa [[Rabat]]. [[File:Tour_Hassan-Rabat_cropped.jpg|thumb|Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped]] [[File:Menara_Garden,Morocco,Marrakech.jpg|thumb|Menara Garden,Morocco,Marrakech]] [[File:Faro_del_cabo_Espartel,_Marruecos,_2015-12-11,_DD_02.JPG|thumb|Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Maroke| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] so4yht3x4bzw9tmi909lztt6krx62hl 0 3867 73839 73014 2020-11-03T12:01:39Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Republic of Macedonia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Masedoniya ya Ruguru</font>]] [[File:Europe-Republic of North Macedonia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Masedoniya ya Ruguru</font>]] '''Masedoniya ya Ruguru''' cyangwa '''Icyahoze ari Repubulika ya Yugosilave ya Masedoniya''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Република Северна Македонија'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Masedoniya ya Ruguru witwa [[Skopje]]. [[File:Archeological_Museum_of_Macedonia_by_night.jpg|thumb|Archeological Museum of Macedonia by night]] [[File:Iglesia_de_San_Clemente,_Skopie,_Macedonia_del_Norte,_2014-04-17,_DD_03.jpg|thumb|Iglesia de San Clemente, Skopie, Macedonia del Norte, 2014-04-17, DD 03]] [[File:Guerrero_a_caballo,_Skopie,_Macedonia_del_Norte,_2014-04-17,_DD_107.jpg|thumb|Guerrero a caballo, Skopie, Macedonia del Norte, 2014-04-17, DD 107]] [[File:Iglesia_sumergida_de_San_Nicolás,_lago_Mavrovo,_Macedonia_del_Norte,_2014-04-17,_DD_11.jpg|thumb|Iglesia sumergida de San Nicolás, lago Mavrovo, Macedonia del Norte, 2014-04-17, DD 11]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Masedoniya ya Ruguru| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] li3yhfb4fdn4d05zo8zvl2ffpwwxe9v 0 3868 73262 73261 2020-08-30T19:27:39Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mayanimari</font>]] [[File:Myanmar in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mayanimari</font>]] '''Mayanimari''' (izina mu [[kibarumi]] : ''Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 53,582,855 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 676,578. [[File:20160803_-_Meiktila,_Myanmar_-_Phaung_Daw_U_Pagoda_-_7321.jpg|thumb|20160803 - Meiktila, Myanmar - Phaung Daw U Pagoda - 7321]] [[File:Jukung_Pasar_Terapung.jpg|thumb|Jukung Pasar Terapung]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Mayanimari| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] la1lybof0r0qsp1mcdbe07335ojgemd 0 3869 78336 70991 2021-08-24T07:10:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationMayotte.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mayoti</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mayotte_ISS.jpg|thumb|Mayoti]] '''Mayoti''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Collectivité départementale de Mayotte'' ; izina mu [[giswayili]] : ''Maore'' ; izina mu [[kimaragasi]] : ''Mahori'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] qznflft33uk7cybui7ez59urtti5z3v 0 3870 75530 75454 2021-05-22T09:35:18Z LPfi 9790 Undo revision 75454 by [[Special:Contributions/2806:263:C406:74C:29C6:95BB:47BE:1BEC|2806:263:C406:74C:29C6:95BB:47BE:1BEC]] ([[User talk:2806:263:C406:74C:29C6:95BB:47BE:1BEC|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Megizike</font>]] [[File:LocationMexico.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Megizike</font>]] '''Megizike''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Estados Unidos Mexicanos'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru]]. * Abaturage: 123,675,325 (2017) * Ubuso: 1,972,550 (km²) [[Category:Amerika ya Ruguru]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cu9lyu6oz6we9jxnyhnb7vj7c6j1nq5 0 3871 65320 64432 2013-03-08T01:54:57Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 129 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q702]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Federated States of Micronesia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mikoronesiya</font>]] [[File:LocationMicronesia.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mikoronesiya</font>]] '''Mikoronesiya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Federated States of Micronesia'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mikoronesiya witwa [[Palikir]]. [[Category:Mikoronesiya]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jwi5fkpts1rbrib8izsgwi62jsfja8w 0 3872 73840 73016 2020-11-03T12:02:50Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Molidova</font>]] [[File:Location Moldova Europe.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Molidova</font>]] '''Molidova''' (izina mu [[kinyamoludavi]]: ''Republica Moldova'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Molidova witwa [[Chișinău]]. [[File:Moldova_-_landscape_in_Hîncești_District_02.jpg|thumb|Moldova - landscape in Hîncești District 02]] [[File:Railway_graveyard,_Moldova_(190142362).jpg|thumb|Railway graveyard, Moldova (190142362)]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Molidova| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4mahdzrkocntbuyeg8ttb0d9jsvlcxn 0 3873 73841 73019 2020-11-03T12:03:52Z LametinoWiki 8088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Monako</font>]] [[File:Location Monaco Europe.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Monako</font>]] '''Monako''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Principauté de Monaco''; izina mu [[kimonako]]: ''Principatu de Múnegu'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Prince's_Palace_of_Monaco.jpg|thumb|Prince&#x27;s Palace of Monaco]] [[File:Santa_Maria_della_Salute_from_Hotel_Monaco_nightview.jpg|thumb|Santa Maria della Salute from Hotel Monaco nightview]] [[File:Casino_de_Montecarlo,_Mónaco,_2016-06-23,_DD_06.jpg|thumb|Casino de Montecarlo, Mónaco, 2016-06-23, DD 06]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Monako| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gcb9jbstscp0t69f71diq7mezwnq2m4 0 3874 73263 71411 2020-08-30T19:28:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mongoliya</font>]] [[File:Mongolia in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mongoliya</font>]] '''Mongoliya''' (izina mu [[kinyamongoliya]] : ''Монгол улс'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 3,081,677 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 1,566,000. [[File:Camelus_bactrianus_in_western_Mongolia_06.jpg|thumb|Camelus bactrianus in western Mongolia 06]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Mongoliya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] q2xbzm3fgsuf8z3nil835jr8q4tjgas 0 3875 65762 65324 2013-03-11T10:51:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q13353]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Montserrat.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Monserati</font>]] [[File:LocationMontserrat.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Monserati</font>]] '''Monserati''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Montserrat'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] d27u2x6co5csu3im4vodta6bghkv3a9 0 3876 73021 73020 2020-08-09T20:25:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Montenegoro</font>]] [[File:Europe-Montenegro.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Montenegoro</font>]] [[Image:Montenegro municipalities.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Montenegoro''' (izina mu [[kimontenegoro]] : ''Црна Гора'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Bar,_Montenegro_-_panoramio_(12).jpg|thumb|Bar, Montenegro - panoramio (12)]] [[File:Monasterio_de_Ostrog,_Montenegro,_2014-04-14,_DD_11.JPG|thumb|Monasterio de Ostrog, Montenegro, 2014-04-14, DD 11]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mvwm1mpl1ju7q0dchss6ngrql1ffloj 0 3877 72903 72902 2020-08-07T01:56:10Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Morise</font>]] [[File:LocationMauritius.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Morise</font>]] '''Morise''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Mauritius'' ; izina mu [[kimorise]] : ''Republik Moris'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République de Maurice'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Dülmen,_Hausdülmen,_St.-Mauritius-Kirche_--_2020_--_0326.jpg|thumb|Dülmen, Hausdülmen, St.-Mauritius-Kirche -- 2020 -- 0326]] [[File:Dülmen,_Hausdülmen,_St.-Mauritius-Kirche_--_2019_--_2945.jpg|thumb|Dülmen, Hausdülmen, St.-Mauritius-Kirche -- 2019 -- 2945]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Morise]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] d8nw5993dai7gxcij61d7px9oxqe83x 0 3878 72901 72900 2020-08-07T01:53:25Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Moritaniya</font>]] [[File:Mauritania (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Moritaniya</font>]] '''Moritaniya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''موريتانيا‎ ''' cyangwa '''الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Nouakchott,AlKhaima.jpg|thumb|Nouakchott,AlKhaima]] [[File:Bareina,_Mauritania.jpg|thumb|Bareina, Mauritania]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Moritaniya]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] svnccce0duzn5mwofue0lv8eh3ostz9 0 3879 72907 72906 2020-08-07T02:00:30Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mozambike</font>]] [[File:Location Mozambique AU Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mozambike</font>]] '''Mozambike''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''República de Moçambique'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Mozambike witwa [[Maputo]]. [[File:Emblem_of_Mozambique.svg|thumb|Emblem of Mozambique]] [[File:Mozambique_-_traditional_sailboat.jpg|thumb|Mozambique - traditional sailboat]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Mozambike| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] cwdidaa58aaoqan2vp0e46jyv1j4we0 0 3880 73220 73219 2020-08-29T01:44:32Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi</font>]] [[File:LocationSaintKittsAndNevis.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi</font>]] '''Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[File:Saint_Kitts_-_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_05.JPG|thumb|Saint Kitts - Brimstone Hill Fortress 05]] [[File:Saint_Kitts_-_Brimstone_Hill_Fortress_04.JPG|thumb|Saint Kitts - Brimstone Hill Fortress 04]] [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla_(1958-1967).png|thumb|Coat of arms of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1958-1967)]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9jd4v7pbt1clj2eehd1qzjqxec23vu6 0 3881 16733 2011-01-07T14:58:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 3882 73025 73024 2020-08-10T12:40:51Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika ya Mutagatifu Marino</font>]] [[File:Location San Marino Europe.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Repubulika ya Mutagatifu Marino</font>]] '''Repubulika ya Mutagatifu Marino''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]] : ''Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Sunrise_in_San_Marino.jpg|thumb|Sunrise in San Marino]] [[File:San_Marino_San_Marino-he.png|thumb|San Marino San Marino-he]] [[File:Fortress_of_Guaita_2013-09-19.jpg|thumb|Fortress of Guaita 2013-09-19]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] jxjnaud53j1n3xya61ax6919lu7qur0 0 3883 78337 70992 2021-08-24T07:13:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mutagatifu Petero na Mikeloni</font>]] [[File:LocationSaint-PierreAndMiquelon.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mutagatifu Petero na Mikeloni</font>]] '''Mutagatifu Petero na Mikeloni''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:PIA24554_-_St._Pierre,_France.tif|thumb|Mutagatifu Petero na Mikeloni]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] pjrg8b7kcfm4587z1zr42x5zyo1m5jd 0 3884 65332 62751 2013-03-08T02:02:18Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q757]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine</font>]] [[File:LocationSaintVincentAndTheGrenadines.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine</font>]] '''Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9dmpmtfcd4eo5lr35xb3oobfdnuz2vw 0 3885 69974 69746 2015-05-16T17:21:46Z Fry1989 2867 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nawuru</font>]] [[File:Coat of arms of Nauru.svg|right|200px]] [[File:LocationNauru.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nawuru</font>]] '''Nawuru''' (izina mu [[kinawuru]] : ''Ripublik Naoero'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Nauru'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] aqkox4jtrhk10osi2w5wnh8jwhdoe55 0 3886 16744 16741 2011-01-07T15:27:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] eqfts4cs3a9phlugylq7ahqfarfp05q 0 3887 73326 73264 2020-09-23T14:45:04Z Gerd Eichmann 7815 gallery added wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nepali</font>]] [[File:Nepal in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nepali</font>]] '''Nepali''' (izina mu [[kinyanepale]] : '''नेपाल''' cyangwa '''सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 28,982,771 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 147,181. President: [[Bidhya Devi Bhandari]] (2015) Prime Minister: [[Khadga Prasad Oli]] (2018) [[File:Pond_of_Kuruwapari_Chaudharitol-_Inaruwa,_Kosi_Municipality-WLV-2252.jpg|thumb|Pond of Kuruwapari Chaudharitol- Inaruwa, Kosi Municipality-WLV-2252]] <br><gallery class=center caption="Nepali"> Kathmandu-Hanuman Dhoka-Nasal Chowk-22-Stadt-2013-gje.jpg|Kathmandu Swayambhunath-Umgebung-02-2007-gje.jpg|Swayambhunath Patan-Palastplatz-Garudasaeule-04-Vishwanath-2007-gje.jpg|Patan Bhaktapur-Palastplatz 30-2013-gje.jpg|Bhaktapur Namche-Khumjung-10-Bhote Koshi-Tal-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya Chhukung to Imja Tse Camp-86-Ebene-Wolken-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya Ulleri-Ghorepani-02-Mulis-2013-gje.jpg|Kaski District Mustang-Samar-06-neues Gompa-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang Mustang-Dhakmar-70-rote Wand-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang </gallery> {{Aziya}} [[Category:Nepali| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5xzut8hgs3n8zqsiijf9laad66igrc1 0 3888 82252 82251 2022-03-10T23:40:37Z MBULUKANI 10725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nigeri</font>]] [[File:LocationNiger.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nigeri</font>]] '''Nijeri''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République du Niger '' ; izina mu [[gihawusa]] : ''Jamhuriyar Nijar '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nijeri witwa [[Niamey]]. Nijeri ni igihugu cyateye imbere cyane, kikaba kiza ku mwanya wa nyuma mu isuzuma ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku iterambere ry’abantu (HDI); yashyizwe ku mwanya wa 187 mu bihugu 188 muri 2015 na 189 mu bihugu 189 muri raporo za 2018 na 2019. Byinshi mu bice bitari ubutayu byigihugu byugarijwe n amapfa ndetse nubutayu. Ubukungu bwibanze ku buhinzi butunzwe n’ubuhinzi, hamwe n’ubuhinzi bwoherezwa mu mahanga burumbuka cyane mu majyepfo, no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyane cyane ubutare bwa uranium. Nijeri ihura n’ibibazo bikomeye byiterambere bitewe nubutaka bwayo budafite ubutaka, ubutayu, ubuhinzi budakora neza, umubare munini w’imyororokere utarinze kuboneza urubyaro kandi bigatuma abaturage babana cyane, Gutesha agaciro. Umuryango wa Nijeri ugaragaza ubudasa bwakuwe mu mateka maremare yigenga y'amoko n'uturere twinshi ndetse n'igihe gito ugereranije no muri leta imwe. Amateka, ubu Nigeriya yabaye hafi yigihugu kinini. Kuva ubwigenge, Abanyanijeriya babayeho mu mategeko shingiro atanu n'ibihe bitatu by'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare. Nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare mu 2010, Niger yabaye igihugu kigendera kuri demokarasi, amashyaka menshi. Umubare munini wabaturage uba mucyaro kandi ntibafite amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri yisumbuye[[File:Arbre-Museum-Niamey.jpg|thumb|Arbre-Museum-Niamey]] [[File:Niamey_harobanda.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Niamey harobanda]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Nigeri| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] h1k7w6dpn03k5dmebxugllqsjj3m9xy 0 3889 16751 16750 2011-01-07T15:45:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nijeriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nijeriya]] m686trp0emvss69ms1c32g45puhm028 0 3890 65336 63673 2013-03-08T02:03:01Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 160 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q811]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nikaragwa</font>]] [[File:Nicaragua (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nikaragwa</font>]] '''Nikaragwa''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de Nicaragua '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Nikaragwa witwa [[Managua]]. [[Category:Nikaragwa| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] g4433867f68pq9nkk6ueb4lqwbbav9k 0 3891 69747 65337 2015-04-02T17:29:32Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Niyuwe</font>]] [[File:LocationNiue.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Niyuwe</font>]] '''Niyuwe''' (izina mu [[kiniyuweni]] : ''Niuē'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Niue'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] e1w3no78qk1ef3wogbl4scgm24pmjki 0 3892 78338 70986 2021-08-24T07:16:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flags of New Caledonia.svg|thumb|280px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nuveli Kalidoniya</font>]] [[File:LocationNewCaledonia.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nuveli Kalidoniya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Carte_de_la_Nouvelle-Caledonie.svg|thumb|Nuveli Kalidoniya]] '''Nuveli Kalidoniya''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Nouvelle-Calédonie'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] sy0iwosft0cpf7u4axufgs4sxbzds7q 0 3893 65339 64572 2013-03-08T02:03:37Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 189 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q664]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Nuveli Zelande</font>]] [[File:NZL orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Nuveli Zelande</font>]] '''Nuveli Zelande''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''New Zealand'' ; izina mu [[kimawori]] : ''Aotearoa'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Nuveli Zelande]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] lky05i4fgt2mjiy0veqvbo8d4ayrhkg 0 3894 73266 71414 2020-08-30T19:34:14Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Omani</font>]] [[File:Oman in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Omani</font>]] '''Omani''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''عمان‎''' cyangwa '''سلطنة عمان‎ ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4,424,762 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 309.500. [[File:Nizwa_Fort_Detail.JPG|thumb|Nizwa Fort Detail]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Omani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ej6q2oroiwcke83ziahtx6tu2v0gjbz 0 3895 79673 79666 2021-10-31T01:08:15Z Minorax 8248 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mx. Clarks|Mx. Clarks]] ([[User talk:Mx. Clarks|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ndahiro derrick|Ndahiro derrick]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Pakisitani</font>]] [[File:Pakistan in its region (claimed and disputed hatched).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Pakisitani</font>]] '''Pakisitani''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]] : '''پاکِستان''' cyangwa '''اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان''' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Pakistan'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 209,970,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 881,913. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Pakisitani witwa [[Islamabad]]. [[File:Faisal_Masjid,_Islamabad.jpg|thumb|Faisal Masjid, Islamabad]] [[File:Minar-e-Pakistan.jpg|thumb|Minar-e-Pakistan]] [[File:Lahore_Fort_view_from_Baradari.jpg|thumb|Lahore Fort view from Baradari]] [[File:Blue_Hour_at_Pakistan_Monument.jpg|thumb|Blue Hour at Pakistan Monument]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Pakisitani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] p0gcingkq2fp3qpgszkeje368z54cwy 0 3896 65738 65342 2013-03-11T10:49:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q695]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Palau.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Palawu</font>]] [[File:LocationPalau.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Palawu</font>]] '''Palawu''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''Beluu er a Belau'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Palau'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. == Ibirwa bya Palawu == *[[Angaur]] *[[Babeldaob]] *[[Kayangel]] *[[Ngerekebesang]] *[[Koror]] cyangwa Oreor *[[Peleliu]] *[[Sonsorol]] *[[Tobi]] [[Category:Palawu| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] am0r3qh4j7327qitw10r6t4h0792iu1 0 3897 71416 68495 2018-02-20T11:09:04Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Palestine</font>]] [[File:LocationPalestine.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Palestine</font>]] '''Palestine''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''فلسطين''' cyangwa '''دولة فلسطين‎''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4,550,368 (2014), batuye kubuso bwa km² 6020. [[File:Palestinearab.jpg|thumb|]] [[File:Mill_(British_Mandate_for_Palestine_currency,_1927).jpg|thumb|]] [[File:Stamp_palestine_10_mils.jpg|thumb|]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Palestine| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] owmz8a04ocj01ad96rrcqle80sqqzs2 0 3898 65344 63689 2013-03-08T02:04:32Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 171 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q804]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Panama</font>]] [[File:Panama (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Panama</font>]] '''Panama''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de Panamá '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] o0q7ybdpk7hdk88g4zv0q5gd67hlqmh 0 3899 79292 67452 2021-08-31T21:12:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Papuwa Nuveli Gineya</font>]] [[File:Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Papuwa Nuveli Gineya</font>]] [[Dosiye:PapuaNewGuineanandson.jpg|thumb|abaturage batuye muri ''Papua New Guinea'']] '''Papuwa Nuveli Gineya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Papua New Guinea'' cyangwa ''Independent State of Papua New Guinea'' ; izina mu [[gitokipisini]] : ''Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini'' ; izina mu [[gihiri]] : ''?'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 38pomki9q7ak9y7l6plh0g3ycbxy56i 0 3900 79294 65346 2021-08-31T21:16:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Paragwe</font>]] [[File:Paraguay (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Paragwe</font>]] [[Dosiye:Visita del canciller de la República del Paraguay, Jorge Lara Castro (6150864803).jpg|thumb|Jorge Lara Castro minisitiri w'ububanye namahanga wa Paragwe]] '''Paragwe''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República del Paraguay'' ; izina mu [[kigwarani]] : ''Tetã Paraguái'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Paragwe| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 4bwqpcusi8clij8qegk9mknlalx9tdg 0 3901 78092 71742 2021-08-20T22:43:38Z Martin Macha 2111 9476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Peru.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Peru</font>]] [[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Peru</font>]] [[File:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|thumb|250px| Peru]] [[File:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|thumb|250px| Machu Picchu ]] '''Peru''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República del Perú '' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Peru witwa [[Lima]]. President: [[Pedro Castillo]] (2021-) Prime Minister: [[Guido Bellido]] (2021-) {{commonscat}} [[Category:Peru| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gj2wsc8axii1ghrsroq6g0dvpdm4oj7 0 3902 65772 65348 2013-03-11T10:51:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q35672]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Piticayirine</font>]] [[File:LocationPitcairnIslands.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Piticayirine</font>]] '''Piticayirine''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Pitcairn Islands'' cyangwa ''Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands'' ; izina mu "Pitkern" : ''Pitkern Ailen'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 49ph6hvk0pscb9lddwhy4syz5be1qr7 0 3903 70985 65773 2017-05-28T22:31:16Z Trauenbaum 4458 Category:Ubufaransa wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of French Polynesia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Polinesiya Nyamfaransa</font>]] [[File:Location French Polynesia.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Polinesiya Nyamfaransa</font>]] '''Polinesiya Nyamfaransa''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Polynésie française'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] lxeukg728dux6tdthcouil5e23709oo 0 3904 73048 73047 2020-08-12T23:58:14Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Polonye</font>]] [[File:Royal-Castle-of-Warsaw AB.jpg|thumb|250px|Warszawa]] [[File:EU-Poland.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Polonye</font>]] '''Polonye''' (izina mu [[kinyapolonye]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Polska'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Ksiaz_-_zamek_01.jpg|thumb|Ksiaz - zamek 01]] [[File:Basílica_de_Nuestra_Señora_de_Licheń,_Stary_Licheń,_Polonia,_2016-12-21,_DD_39-41_HDR.jpg|thumb|Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Licheń, Stary Licheń, Polonia, 2016-12-21, DD 39-41 HDR]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Polonye]] c2we659bsldbvkvsi2kfmicp4cun7vc 0 3905 73051 73050 2020-08-13T00:00:18Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Porutigali</font>]] [[File:EU-Portugal with islands circled.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Porutigali</font>]] '''Porutigali''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''República Portuguesa'' ; izina mu [[kimeduri]] : ''República Pertuesa'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[File:Puente_Don_Luis_I,_Oporto,_Portugal,_2012-05-09,_DD_13.JPG|thumb|Puente Don Luis I, Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 13]] [[File:Torre_Belém_April_2009-4a.jpg|thumb|Torre Belém April 2009-4a]] [[File:Ayuntamiento_de_Oporto,_Portugal,_2012-05-09,_DD_03.JPG|thumb|Ayuntamiento de Oporto, Portugal, 2012-05-09, DD 03]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Porutigali| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] d39s585turh15v98haq2pkyqqmb0cbk 0 3906 73295 68942 2020-09-14T13:38:10Z 194.98.67.18 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Puwerito Riko</font>]] [[File:Puerto Rico (orthographic projection).png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Puwerito Riko</font>]] '''Puwerito Riko''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Commonwealth of Puerto Rico'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] g1z3rx5zl6b6rhk7a1dl7ix3oo5vtbg 0 3907 78340 70990 2021-08-24T07:26:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Location-Reunion-France.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Reyiniyo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Reliefkarte_Reunion_2018.png|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Reyiniyo</font>]] '''Reyiniyo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''La Réunion'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] p1fth7qrxl19652ya515nyoc49qox4f 0 3908 73053 73052 2020-08-13T00:03:09Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Romaniya</font>]] [[File:Romania (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Romaniya</font>]] '''Romaniya''' (izina mu [[kinyarumaniya]] : ''România'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]].umurwa mukuru ni [[Bucharest‎]] [[File:United_Nations_Square,_Bucharest_(DSC6288).jpg|thumb|United Nations Square, Bucharest (DSC6288)]] [[File:Volcanes_de_lodo,_Buzau,_Rumanía,_2016-05-29,_DD_43.jpg|thumb|Volcanes de lodo, Buzau, Rumanía, 2016-05-29, DD 43]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Romaniya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] b7t1vo95aqv47sload2otwagdwnl4kt 0 3909 73749 70552 2020-10-20T09:21:30Z ჯეო 8008 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Western Sahara.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Sahara y’Uburengerazuba</font>]] [[File:Edmund WS.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sahara y’Uburengerazuba</font>]] '''Sahara y’Uburengerazuba''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية''' ; izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República Árabe Saharaui Democrática '') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ngp7jv6ayjue7umb0ts6ashsbc222k3 0 3910 65794 65356 2013-03-11T10:52:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q792]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Saluvadoro</font>]] [[File:LocationElSalvador.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Saluvadoro</font>]] '''Saluvadoro''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de El Salvador'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] s5xppigf4ztcex1ya2ue4m8ik26p1wq 0 3911 75567 69749 2021-05-24T17:11:51Z 2A01:E0A:26:3D0:40C4:5A9E:7DB2:EAF wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Samowa y’Uburengerazuba</font>]] [[File:LocationSamoa.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Samowa y’Uburengerazuba</font>]] '''Samowa y’Uburengerazuba''' (izina mu [[gisamowani]] : ''Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Independent State of Samoa'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] h4x30zlaou2aiim0aanjyxcnvop246f 0 3912 72918 72917 2020-08-07T02:14:39Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|right|130px]] [[File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Sawo Tome na Purensipe</font>]] [[File:Location São Tomé and Príncipe AU Africa.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sawo Tome na Purensipe</font>]] '''Sawo Tome na Purensipe''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''São Tomé and Príncipe'' cyangwa ''República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Cascade_de_São_Nicolau_(São_Tomé-et-Principe)_(3).jpg|thumb|Cascade de São Nicolau (São Tomé-et-Principe) (3)]] [[File:Vue_aérienne_du_nord_de_l'île_de_Sao_Tomé_(3).jpg|thumb|Vue aérienne du nord de l&#x27;île de Sao Tomé (3)]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 12l8xnfx1ssy27ten6bpl4zumt45tas 0 3913 72920 72919 2020-08-07T02:18:08Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|right|120px]] [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Senegali</font>]] [[File:LocationSenegal.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Senegali</font>]] '''Senegali''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République du Sénégal'' ; izina mu [[kiwolofu ]] : ''Réewum Senegaal'' ) n’[[Afurika]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:WL-Sénégal-Automoteurs_au_barrage_sur_le_fleuve_sénégal.jpg|thumb|WL-Sénégal-Automoteurs au barrage sur le fleuve sénégal]] [[File:Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal.JPG|thumb|Saint-Louis-du-Sénégal]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Senegali]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 6a4gncjuf12359dbm0rpjyy81uw6tus 0 3914 78342 67429 2021-08-24T07:31:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kosovo</font>]] [[File:Europe location KOS.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kosovo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Puente_de_Piedra,_Prizren,_Kosovo,_2014-04-16,_DD_11.JPG|thumb|Kosovo]] '''Kosovo''' (izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]] : ''Republika e Kosovës'' ; izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]] : ''Република Косово'' ; izina mu [[gituruki]] : ''Kosova Cumhuriyeti'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Category:Kosovo]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 554fz3bw9r88qvezfr4jvm8z5y58mk5 0 3915 16804 2011-01-07T17:59:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukiya]] mpf82g7o7lh2l244up3xscim2fqic6x 0 3916 83316 81635 2022-05-11T08:49:24Z ThePhotografer 10931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubutaliyani</span>]] [[File:EU-Italy.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubutaliyani</span>]] '''Ubutaliyani''' cyangwa '''Ubutariyani''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]]: ''Italia'' cyangwa ''Repubblica italiana'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubutaliyani witwa [[Roma]]. Ubutaliyani ituwe n'abantu 60 507 590 birenga (2017).Yabaye inzu y’imico myinshi y’iburayi nk’umuco w’Abaroma kandi ni naho yatangiriye [[Ubumuntu]] na [[Renaissance]], byatangiriye mu karere ka Tuscany kandi bidatinze bikwira mu Burayi mu maboko y’ibirori [[Leonardo Da Vinci]]. [[Dosiye:Panoramic photograph of interior of Colosseum.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|roma]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ubutariyani| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1zc7jo4zik2gaa8neszbcwn6x7x69di 0 3917 16807 2011-01-07T18:07:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubutaliyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubutaliyani]] 1egmugzlftlp6nx1zifbrw6hqs5shub 0 3918 73058 73057 2020-08-13T17:18:35Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|right|120px]] [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Seribiya</font>]] [[File:Europe-Serbia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Seribiya</font>]] '''Seribiya''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]] : ''Република Србија'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Makedonska_street,_Belgrade,_Serbia,_2019._02.jpg|thumb|Makedonska street, Belgrade, Serbia, 2019. 02]] [[File:Lešće_one_of_Belgrade_cemeteries.jpg|thumb|Lešće one of Belgrade cemeteries]] [[File:Ambasador_Hotel,_Niš,_Serbia.jpg|thumb|Ambasador Hotel, Niš, Serbia]] [[File:Carska_bara,_Serbia_06.jpg|thumb|Carska bara, Serbia 06]] [[File:Carska_bara,_Serbia.jpg|thumb|Carska bara, Serbia]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Seribiya| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] hul11fhfiijx2ofqdi59ruaodrl557c 0 3919 72922 72921 2020-08-07T02:20:22Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of the Republic of Seychelles.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Seyishele</font>]] [[File:LocationSeychelles.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Seyishele</font>]] '''Seyishele''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''République des Seychelles'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Seychelles'' ; izina mu [[igiseyishele]] : ''Repiblik Sesel'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Fishing_in_Seychelles.jpg|thumb|Fishing in Seychelles]] [[File:Creole_Festival_Seychelles_9.jpg|thumb|Creole Festival Seychelles 9]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 67dkb51lrw3767ve4yl21tmamwkld6s 0 3920 70663 68984 2016-08-19T08:29:07Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Improving visual wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Shili</font>]] [[File:CHL orthographic.svg|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Shili</font>]] [[File:Pueblo de San Pedro de Atacama 2013-09-21 11-52-31.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Atakama]] '''Shili''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''República de Chile'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Shili| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] efj9y6vpo3lqv5muzd26yib81ggciir 0 3921 73061 73060 2020-08-13T17:23:44Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Shipure</font>]] [[File:Cyprus in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Shipure</font>]] '''Shipure''' cyangwa '''Shipure y’Amajyepfo''' (izina mu [[kigereki]] : ''Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία'' ; izina mu [[gituruki]] : ''Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. * [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]][[File:Church_of_Virgin_Mary_of_Chrysopolitissa,_Larnaca,_Cyprus_02.jpg|thumb|Church of Virgin Mary of Chrysopolitissa, Larnaca, Cyprus 02]][[File:Columns_in_Roman_gymnasium,_Salamis,_Northern_Cyprus.jpg|thumb|Columns in Roman gymnasium, Salamis, Northern Cyprus]][[File:Nicosia_01-2017_img20_View_from_Shacolas_Tower.jpg|thumb|Nicosia 01-2017 img20 View from Shacolas Tower]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Shipure]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] q4fsrsurc5ahvubylcmlrlf90anvokf 0 3922 79261 65366 2021-08-31T20:33:49Z Rukundoemma 10066 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[File:Coat of arms of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[File:Northern Cyprus in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] '''Shipure y’Amajyaruguru''' cyangwa '''Shipure Nyaturukiya''' (izina mu [[gituruki]] : ''Kuzey Kıbrıs'' cyangwa ''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'' ) n’[[igihugu]] i [[Ikirwa cya Shipure]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Shipure y’Amajyaruguru witwa [[Nikosiya]]. == Abaperezida == * [[Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] == Imisigiti == * [[Umusigiti wa Lala Mustafa Pasha]] * [[Umusigiti wa Selimiye (Shipure)|Umusigiti wa Selimiye]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.kktcb.org/ Ubuperezida bwa Shipure y’Amajyaruguru] <font color="grey">(mu gituruki, cyongereza, kigereki na kirusiya)</font> * [http://www.zypern.cc/extras/annan-plan-for-cyprus-2004.pdf Annan Plan 2004 (eng)] * [http://www.zypern.cc/ Zypern Times] [[Dosiye:Apostle_Andreas_Orthodox_Church,_Polis,_Cyprus_02.jpg|thumb|Apostle Andreas Orthodox Church, Polis, Cyprus 02]] [[Category:Shipure y’Amajyaruguru| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 9j5ao9ncnl2vfs790472nv57grywiz8 0 3923 16820 2011-01-07T18:31:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Shipure]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shipure]] nm8d05k1495k5zv4krjeptyn420r45o 0 3924 71417 68496 2018-02-20T11:10:29Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Singapore</font>]] [[File:Location Singapore ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Singapore</font>]] [[File:Saint Andrew's Cathedral, Singapore 2.JPG|thumb|250px|left]] '''Singapore''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Singapore'' cyangwa ''Republic of Singapore'' ; izina mu [[kimalayi]] : ''Singapura'' cyangwa ''Republik Singapura'' ; izina mu [[gishinwa]] : ''新加坡'' cyangwa ''新加坡共和国'' ; izina mu [[gitamili]] : ''சிங்கப்பூர்'' cyangwa ''சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரச'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 5,607,300 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 720. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Singapore| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pn7rwxtpnozsdtje8vcyvwlh7hkog8b 0 3925 71418 68497 2018-02-20T11:11:52Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Sri Lanka.svg|right|120px]] [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Siri Lanka</font>]] [[File:Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Siri Lanka</font>]] '''Siri Lanka''' (izina mu [[kinyasinali]] : '''ශ්‍රී ලංකා''' cyangwa '''ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ; izina mu [[gitamili]] : '''இலங்கை''' cyangwa '''இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சமத்துவ குடியரசு''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 21,444,000 (2017), batuye kubuso bwa km² 65,610. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Siri Lanka| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] o0v0m7haxoohpi28fik1280t0i3xf1q 0 3926 71795 71419 2019-05-14T18:45:58Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Syria.svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg|]]). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Syria.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Siriya</font>]] [[File:Syria in its region (claimed).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Siriya</font>]] '''Siriya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''سورية‎ ''' cyangwa '''الجمهورية العربية السورية''') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 17,064,854 (2014), batuye kubuso bwa km² 185,180. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’u Siriya witwa [[Damasiko]]. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Siriya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] osvdkpbihenx52gcm9zr7yb3kfhykg3 0 3927 65819 65370 2013-03-11T10:53:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q842829]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map Norway political-geo.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sivalibadi na Jani Mayeni</font>]] '''Sivalibadi na Jani Mayeni''' (izina mu [[kinyanoruveji]] : ''Svalbard og Jan Mayen'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Noruveje]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ft24y8rezmy146wh59uew6ophwar64u 0 3928 72923 68536 2020-08-07T02:21:28Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Siyera Lewone</font>]] [[File:LocationSierraLeone.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Siyera Lewone</font>]] '''Siyera Lewone''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Sierra Leone'' cyangwa ''Republic of Sierra Leone'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Sierra_Leone_National_Stadium.jpg|thumb|Sierra Leone National Stadium]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0ulpb4ht1qxgnzvzwoyg1ee45qxryuu 0 3929 73386 72929 2020-09-27T23:10:50Z Mrbobax 8233 Removed one duplicated photo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Somaliya</font>]] [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)-Blue version.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Somaliya</font>]] '''Somaliya''' (izina mu [[gisomali]] : ''Soomaaliya'' cyangwa ''Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya'' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الصومال''' cyangwa '''جمهورية الصومال‎ ''' ) ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Somaliya witwa [[Mogadishu]]. [[File:MogadishuHeadquarters.jpeg|thumb|MogadishuHeadquarters]] [[File:Mogadishu2.jpg|thumb|Mogadishu2]] [[File:Mogadishu3.jpg|thumb|Mogadishu3]] [[File:A_man_carries_a_huge_hammerhead_through_the_streets_of_Mogadishu.jpg|thumb|A man carries a huge hammerhead through the streets of Mogadishu]] [[File:Somali_gabooye_king.jpg|thumb|Somali gabooye king]] [[File:Mogadishu2017.jpg|thumb|Mogadishu2017]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Somaliya| ]] [[Category:Ihembe ry’Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] l6n7s3sgoos244b39o6i8hznyim1txi 0 3930 72931 72930 2020-08-07T02:35:14Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Sudani</font>]] [[File:Sudan in its region (claimed).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sudani</font>]] '''Sudani''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''جمهورية السودان''' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Sudan'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Khartoum_Teaching_Hospital_001.jpg|thumb|Khartoum Teaching Hospital 001]] [[File:Mundari_tribe_in_South_Sudan.jpg|thumb|Mundari tribe in South Sudan]] * [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Sudani| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ncou1ioiauc36m2hli1zun3jslgpkj9 0 3931 65941 64348 2013-03-11T10:57:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 160 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q730]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Surinamu</font>]] [[File:Suriname in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Surinamu</font>]] '''Surinamu''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]] : ''Suriname'' cyangwa ''Republiek Suriname'' ; izina mu [[kinyasurinamu]] : ''Sranangron'' cyangwa ''Sranankondre'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Surinamu| ]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] fxu2na7q2ggjr1w2q1uoskbie5lhykc 0 3932 73069 73068 2020-08-13T17:47:10Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Suwede</font>]] [[File:EU-Sweden.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Suwede</font>]] '''Suwede''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]] : ''Sverige'' cyangwa ''Konungariket Sverige'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[File:Garpenbergs_gruvkapell_2019-08-30_01.jpg|thumb|Garpenbergs gruvkapell 2019-08-30 01]] [[File:Vaxholmsleden_February_2013_02_(crop).jpg|thumb|Vaxholmsleden February 2013 02 (crop)]] [[File:Kiruna_kyrka_September_2017_04.jpg|thumb|Kiruna kyrka September 2017 04]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Suwede| ]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] o76c49qnat2xb9pct5k6kjageczxxgk 0 3933 81634 78980 2022-01-31T11:20:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubusuwisi</span>]] [[File:Europe-Switzerland.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubusuwisi</span>]] '''Ubusuwisi''' (izina mu [[kidage]] : ''die Schweiz'' cyangwa ''Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Suisse'' cyangwa ''Confédération suisse '' ; izina mu [[gitaliyani]] : ''Svizzera'' cyangwa ''Confederazione Svizzera'' ; izina mu [[kiromanshi]] : ''Svizra'' cyangwa ''Confederaziun svizra '' ; izina mu [[kilatini]] : ''Confoederatio Helvetica'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burayi]]. [[Dosiye:Aare river in Bern.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|River in Bern]] [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubusuwisi ni [[Bern]]. [[Dosiye:Credit Suisse, Paradeplatz (Ank Kumar, INFOSYS Limited) 19.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Suisse Credit]] {{Uburayi}} [[Category:Ubusuwisi| ]] d3zvkdtrs9fao4bvcy1lihqafdvognc 0 3934 74052 72933 2020-12-05T02:47:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Swazilande</span>]] [[File:LocationSwaziland.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Swazilande</span>]] '''Eswatini''' (izina mu [[giswati]] : ''kaNgwane, Swatini'' cyangwa ''Umbuso weSwatini''; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Swaziland'' cyangwa ''Kingdom of Swaziland'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburengerazuba. Eswatini igizwe n’[[aba Nguni]] bahujwe n’ururimi ndetse n’umuco. Bakomoka muri burasirazuba bwo hagati ya Afurika. Mu gushaka kwaguka kwa Nguni, mu binyejana 15 bishize, aba Swazi bambutse uruzi rwa Limpopo batura mu majyepfo ya Tsongaland. Mu birori bitandukanye, imbyino zihabwa agaciro cyane. Imbyino ya Umhlanga, ni imbyino ibyinwa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa 8, ubwo abana b’abakobwa baba baramya umwamikazi. Sibhanca nayo ni imbyino y’abagabo babyina hirya no hino mu gihugu. [[File:Mbabane_Landscape.jpg|thumb|Mbabane Landscape]] [[File:Parliament_Building_Swaziland.JPG|thumb|Parliament Building Swaziland]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Swazilande| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 110kc0dgep6j6rbilxxpiv027vyeyq3 0 3935 16846 2011-01-07T19:54:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiswahili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiswahili]] 1176ely96waxxrjh5ym0bdf8uc86to5 0 3936 77988 74169 2021-08-20T01:04:43Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg|right|150px]] [[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|right|200px]] [[File:LocationTajikistan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tajikisitani</font>]] '''Tajikisitani''' (izina mu [[gitajiki]] [[Kinyaperisi]]: ''Тоҷикистон'' cyangwa ''Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 8,734,951 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 143.100. Umujyi mukuru ya Tadjikistani ni Duchanbe. [[Dosiye:Dushanbe,Tadjikistan (12774957295).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Tadjikistan]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Tajikisitani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] q30nrtxk4mr0ng7jwoqwxfsi60vphoa 0 3937 71421 68500 2018-02-20T11:16:07Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added information from Wikipedia (en) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tayilande</font>]] [[File:Location Thailand ASEAN.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tayilande</font>]] '''Tayilande''' (izina mu [[gitayi]] : '''ราชอาณาจักรไทย''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. Cyahoze cyitwa '''Siyam'''. Igihugu gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 68,863,514 (2016), batuye kubuso bwa km² 513,120. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Tayilande| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gh0iu4webzyg0cser2nru2gz4dqec62 0 3938 72046 70239 2020-01-04T23:39:16Z Ciringacenjunga 8364 Nakosoye ikibonezamvugo kandi nanditse izina rya leta rya Tayiwani. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Repubulika y’u Bushinwa</font>]] [[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tayiwani</font>]] '''Tayiwani''' ([[igishinwa]]: '''台灣'''), cyangwa '''Repubulika y’u Bushinwa''' ([[igishinwa]]: '''中華民國''') ni [[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Tayiwani witwa [[Tayipeyi]]. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Tayiwani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0jfebwk7kwgo4dlxd2fst9tb86x3hgq 0 3939 81078 79532 2021-12-07T15:29:00Z NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh 10229 Undo revision 79532 by [[Special:Contributions/2409:4063:2393:C68F:D467:9123:187F:3B20|2409:4063:2393:C68F:D467:9123:187F:3B20]] ([[User talk:2409:4063:2393:C68F:D467:9123:187F:3B20|talk]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza</font>]] [[File:Location of the British Indian Ocean Territory.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza</font>]] '''Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''British Indian Ocean Territory'' cyangwa ''Chagos Islands '') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] btc0bkikl00sd4gp1by49x6m7o6uidi 0 3940 68502 66043 2013-11-13T16:13:25Z Chabi1 2133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Timoro-Lesite</font>]] [[File:LocationEastTimor.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Timoro-Lesite</font>]] '''Timoro-Lesite''' (izina mu [[gitetumu]] : ''Timor-Leste'' cyangwa ''Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste'' ; izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''República Democrática de Timor-Leste'' ; izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]] : ''Republik Demokratik Timor Leste'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. {{Aziya}} [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 43619lwbka2b18g9rxz7x7ri9w6cy3g 0 3941 69750 66044 2015-04-02T17:29:38Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tirinida na Tobago</font>]] [[File:Trinidad and Tobago (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tirinida na Tobago</font>]] '''Tirinida na Tobago''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Trinidad and Tobago'' cyangwa ''Republic of Trinidad and Tobago'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] o7y10j3p7eu8d843rgikt4qp9oro5oz 0 3942 72940 72939 2020-08-07T02:50:03Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Togo.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Togo</font>]] [[File:LocationTogo.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Togo</font>]] '''Togo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République Togolaise'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Monument_of_independence_Lomé_1968.jpg|thumb|Monument of independence Lomé 1968]] [[File:F1120026_-_Nationalversammlung_Lomé.jpg|thumb|F1120026 - Nationalversammlung Lomé]] [[File:Togo_Government_Boeing_720-047B_Gilliand-1.jpg|thumb|Togo Government Boeing 720-047B Gilliand-1]] [[File:New_Port_in_Lomé_Togo_1968.jpg|thumb|New Port in Lomé Togo 1968]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Togo| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] dchv9z878v8lxuyjcg9m80a5lfuutt7 0 3943 66046 63613 2013-03-11T11:00:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 84 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q36823]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tokelau.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tokelawu</font>]] [[File:LocationTokelau.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tokelawu</font>]] '''Tokelawu''' (izina mu [[gitokelawu]] na [[cyongereza]] : ''Tokelau'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] kf2649rsqxvku0oc74otwwhbci8eerf 0 3944 69751 66047 2015-04-02T17:29:40Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tonga.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tonga</font>]] [[File:LocationTonga.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tonga</font>]] '''Tonga''' cyangwa '''Ibirwa bya Tonga''' (izina mu [[gitonga]] : ''Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Kingdom of Tonga'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] t1rn0heh3g4lh40dkx436dzefdy262z 0 3945 16860 2011-01-07T20:27:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tonga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tonga]] 3mceenx183ny6ituxgguwb4fxkm8gpq 0 3946 72942 72941 2020-08-07T02:54:33Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tunisiya</font>]] [[File:Tunisia in its region.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tunisiya</font>]] '''Tunisiya''' cyangwa '''Tuniziya''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : '''تونس''' cyangwa '''الجمهورية التونسية‎ ''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]]. [[File:Downtown_Tunis.jpg|thumb|Downtown Tunis]] [[File:Golden_statue_Ibn_Chabbat_Tozeur_(1).jpg|thumb|Golden statue Ibn Chabbat Tozeur (1)]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Tunisiya| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 48bjderodhz2ec9w2e53izgfuv6t2iw 0 3947 69752 66049 2015-04-02T17:29:42Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tuvalu</font>]] [[File:LocationTuvalu.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tuvalu</font>]] '''Tuvalu''' (izina mu [[gituvalu]] na [[cyongereza]] : ''Tuvalu'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Tuvalu witwa [[Funafuti]]. [[Category:Tuvalu| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pd5xgm9ww3rvs5f3wbad5u8jlep4dcn 0 3948 78309 74050 2021-08-24T02:03:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubugande</span>]] [[File:LocationUganda.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubugande</span>]] '''Ubugande''' cyangwa '''Yuganda''' , '''Repubulika y’Ubugande''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Uganda'' ; izina mu [[giswayili]] : ''Jamhuri ya Uganda'' ; izina mu [[kiganda]] : ''Yuganda'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba. Uganda ni igihugu gifite amoko atandukanye afite indimi zigera kuri 40 zitandukanye. Buri bwoko bugira imbyino n’indirimbo byihariye kuri buri birori. Abanyoro bagira imbyino yitwa Runyege, Acholi bagira imbyino za Bwila na Otole. Abaturage ba Alur bagira imbyino yitwa Agwal. Agisu, muco wabo wo gukebwa babyina imbyino za duim, na imbalu. Muri rusange Ibicurangisho bakoresha ni ennaga, amadinda, ndigindi, entongoli na likeme. [[Dosiye:Yoweri K. Museveni (portrait, 2018).jpg|center|thumb|419x419px|Yoweri K. Museveni ]] [[File:KampalaRd_Uganda_house_Kampala.JPG|thumb|KampalaRd Uganda house Kampala]] [[File:Kampala_city.jpg|thumb|Kampala city]] [[File:Ugandan_Children_during_traditional_dance.jpg|thumb|Ugandan Children during traditional dance]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Ubugande| ]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pvpwckbtem4m372qvsikcvkhysj01e6 0 3949 16879 2011-01-07T21:03:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubugande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugande]] ap6n9wt71kvux00u65a3r9ows5oetil 0 3950 16883 2011-01-07T21:06:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rwanda]] 9fduurtag5zrw1wpogm3ledlqjjer8c 0 3951 81637 73074 2022-01-31T11:20:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ubuyapani</span>]] [[File:Japan-location-cia.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ubuyapani</span>]] '''Ubuyapani''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : 日本国 cyangwa 日本國) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ubuyapani witwa [[Tokyo]]. [[File:Asahi_Breweries_headquarters_building_with_the_Asahi_Flame_and_Skytree_at_blue_hour_with_full_moon,_Sumida-ku,_Tokyo,_Japan.jpg|thumb|Asahi Breweries headquarters building with the Asahi Flame and Skytree at blue hour with full moon, Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan]] [[File:Tokyo_Skytree_2014_Ⅲ.jpg|thumb|Tokyo Skytree 2014 Ⅲ]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Ubuyapani]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] c1qck5bbwnu8hd4w6zzamgqupfa7y7c 0 3952 73078 73077 2020-08-13T17:59:41Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Uzubekisitani</font>]] [[File:Узбекистан на глобусе.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Uzubekisitani</font>]] '''Uzubekisitani''' (izina mu [[cyuzubeka]] : ''O‘zbekiston Respublikasi'' cyangwa ''Ўзбекистон Республикаси'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[File:Downtown._Tashkent_2019.jpg|thumb|Downtown. Tashkent 2019]] [[File:UzbekistanUzbekistan.jpg|thumb|UzbekistanUzbekistan]] [[File:Samarkand-uzbekistan.jpg|thumb|Samarkand-uzbekistan]] [[File:Flag-map-of-uzbekistan.png|thumb|Flag-map-of-uzbekistan]] [[File:Chiwa_panorama.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Xiva]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Uzubekisitani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pgxgzn4n3vkcy805dd6prznunbdhduo 0 3953 16891 2011-01-07T21:18:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Esipanye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Esipanye]] 84sjpi6zjy3pkhd8cfu22moyj166z5i 0 3954 69753 66153 2015-04-02T17:29:44Z Magioladitis 1108 /* Ibirwa */All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of Arms of Vanuatu.svg|right|130px]] [[File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Vanuwatu</font>]] [[File:Map OC-Melanesia.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Vanuwatu</font>]] '''Vanuwatu''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Ripablik blong Vanuatu'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Republic of Vanuatu'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République de Vanuatu'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. == Ibirwa == * [[Ibirwa bya Vanuwatu]] [[Category:Vanuwatu| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] mh2bfz85cwt6251ik5ss2tz5zfs2yve 0 3955 78273 70140 2021-08-23T23:49:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Vatican City.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Vatikani</font>]] [[File:Location Vatican City Europe.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Vatikani</font>]] '''Vatikani''' cyangwa '''Umujyi wa Vatikani''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]] : ''Stato della Città del Vaticano'' ) ni [[igihugu]] kiri mu majyepfo y'u [[Burayi]]. Giherereye rwagati mu Butaliyani. [[Dosiye:Obelisk Saint Peter square Vatican.jpg|center|thumb|485x485px|Saint peter square muri Vatican]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] hpk5ebml0ajtifb4ucgzftxy6x0obby 0 3956 78274 66151 2021-08-23T23:53:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Venezuela (state).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Venezuwela</font>]] [[File:Venezuela (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Venezuwela</font>]] '''Venezuwela''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Venezuela'' cyangwa ''República Bolivariana de Venezuela'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:Public transport share taxi in Maracaibo city, Zulia, Venezuela.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|mu mugi wa venezuwela]] [[Category:Venezuwela]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] b1b9fhrq08s962agpvi69zet0qf5983 0 3957 78341 77622 2021-08-24T07:29:20Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationWallisAndFutuna.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Walisi na Fatuna</font>]] [[Dosiye:Wallis_et_Futuna.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Wallis et Futuna]] [[Dosiye:Sérénité_-_plage_d'Alofi_(Wallis_et_Futuna).jpg|thumb|Walisi na Fatuna]] '''Walisi na Fatuna''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Wallis et Futuna'' cyangwa ''Territoire des îles Wallis et Futuna'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Oseyaniya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Walisi na Fatuna witwa [[Mata-Utu]]. [[Category:Walisi na Fatuna| ]] [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] j349486rvo7zophpx77s7ztdu7w6wmh 0 3958 74028 73082 2020-12-05T02:42:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Yorudani</span>]] [[File:LocationJordan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Yorudani</span>]] '''Yorudani''' cyangwa '''Yorodani''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية''' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Jordan'' cyangwa ''Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[File:The_Monastery,_Petra,_Jordan8.jpg|thumb|The Monastery, Petra, Jordan8]] [[File:El_Monasterio,_Petra,_Jordania,_2011-09-30,_DD_02.JPG|thumb|El Monasterio, Petra, Jordania, 2011-09-30, DD 02]] {{Aziya}} [[Category:Yorudani| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] pm3vgzj67eiuwcs38tbsw7kryjrfg1i 0 3959 16901 2011-01-07T21:44:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gineya-Biso]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gineya-Biso]] 0imp9m6rnh4b85ul79ru1tx0ngb9ea6 0 3960 82069 81684 2022-02-18T04:36:53Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hispanophone global world map language.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyesipanyole </span>]] '''Icyesipanyole''' cyangwa '''Igisipanyoli''' (izina mu cyesipanyole : ''español'' cyangwa ''castellano'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Esipanye]], [[Arijantine]], [[Boliviya]], [[Ekwadoro]], [[Gwatemala]], [[Hondurasi]], [[Irigwe]], [[Kiba]], [[Kolombiya]], [[Kosita Rika]], [[Megizike]], ... [[Dosiye:Colombianos-new-york.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|colombia]] [[Category:Icyesipanyole| ]] 5mh2lz0eeo0mt59toht4pm9wzex9c61 0 3961 16906 2011-01-07T22:20:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyesipanyole]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyesipanyole]] h8zwor7akr0k7jqdesi9vwjebdmcjx9 0 3962 16907 2011-01-07T22:21:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyesipanyole]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyesipanyole]] h8zwor7akr0k7jqdesi9vwjebdmcjx9 14 3963 67486 62355 2013-04-02T18:58:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 75 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7237581]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] 6idodreys6qudsm0xdhszv27occc7p5 0 3964 16911 2011-01-07T22:31:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiporutigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiporutigali]] 2zw1rd03grn0as2jen3p7u78j9dmhov 0 3965 82104 81779 2022-02-21T05:43:46Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Detailed SVG map of the Lusophone world.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igiporutigali</span>]] '''Igiporutigali''' cyangwa '''Inyeporutigali''' (izina mu giporutigali : ''Português'' cyangwa ''língua portuguesa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Mozambike]], [[Burezile]], [[Angola]], [[Gineya-Biso]], [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]], [[Kapu Veri]], [[Mozambike]], [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]], [[Timoro-Lesite]] na [[Makawo]]. [[Dosiye:Kids, Namibe, Angola cropped.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|namibe]] [[Category:Igiporutigali]] lxxahpidg0wger4tc8egsxeua9o5w5s 14 3966 67208 52699 2013-03-14T05:51:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7142707]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] 6idodreys6qudsm0xdhszv27occc7p5 0 3967 16916 2011-01-07T22:42:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyafurikansi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyafurikansi]] ss8n4y53gdo3gamxiyg7t7u4vajzp19 0 3968 16917 2011-01-07T22:42:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyafurikansi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyafurikansi]] ss8n4y53gdo3gamxiyg7t7u4vajzp19 0 3969 16918 2011-01-07T22:42:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyafurikansi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyafurikansi]] ss8n4y53gdo3gamxiyg7t7u4vajzp19 0 3970 81679 81361 2022-01-31T11:27:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afrikaans ETN15 Spread.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ikinyafurikansi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ilala on malawi lake.jpg|thumb|llala]] '''Ikinyafurikansi'''<ref>translationproject.org ; download.jw.org</ref> cyangwa '''Icyafurikanzi'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> , '''Ikinyafurikaneri'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe]</ref> (izina mu kinyafurikansi : ''Afrikaans'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Afurika y’Epfo]], [[Namibiya]], [[Botswana]], [[Lesoto]], [[Eswatini]], [[Zambiya]], [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Malawi]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''afr'''. [[Dosiye:Initiation ritual of boys in Malawi.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|umuco wabo]] == Imibare == * '''een''' – rimwe * '''twee''' – kabiri * '''drie''' – gatatu * '''vier''' – kane * '''vyf''' – gatanu * '''ses''' – gatandatu * '''sewe''' – karindwi * '''agt''' – umunani * '''nege''' – icyenda * [[Dosiye:Landing on malawi lake.jpg|center|thumb|malawi]]'''tien''' – icyumi == Wikipediya mu kinyafurikansi == * http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuisblad == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikidage]] mbq4xkpk3w2tqc6u6qj1asko7quzdzm 0 3971 79495 76979 2021-10-12T17:42:27Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(2008_Summer_Olympics).svg|Flag_of_Rwanda_(2008_Summer_Olympics).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by SpinnerLaserzthe2n wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amazina y’[[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] mu kinyarwanda''' <br /> <br /> <br /> == I- == * [[Ikirigizi]] → Igikirigizi * [[Ilingala]] == Icy- == * [[Icyabukaziyani]] * [[Icyace]] * [[Icyafurikanzi]] → Ikinyafurikansi * [[Icyalubaniya]] * [[Icyarabu]] * [[Icyaragoneze]] * [[Icyarapaho]] * [[Icyarawaka]] * [[Icyarumeniya]] * [[Icyasuturiya]] * [[Icyelamite]] * [[Icyesipanyole]] * [[Icyesiperanto]] * [[Icyesitoniya]] * [[Icyewe]] * [[Icyewendo]] → Icyewondo * [[Icyewonaviya]] * [[Icyewondo]] * [[Icyigbo]] → Ikigibo * [[Icyogisitani]] (nyuma 1500) * [[Icyojibwa]] * [[Icyongereza]] * [[Icyongereza, Gishaje]] (ca.450-1100) * [[Icyongereza, Hagati]] (1100-1500) * [[Icyoriya]] * [[Icyoromo]] * [[Icyoseje]] * [[Icyosetiya]] * [[Icyosetiyani]] → Icyosetiya * [[Icyudimuriti]] * [[Icyugaritike]] * [[Icyumbundu]] * [[Icyuridu]] → Inyeyurudu * [[Icyurudu]] → Inyeyurudu * [[Icyuveya]] * [[Icyuyiguru]] * [[Icyuzubeka]] == Igi- == * [[Igibo]] → Ikigibo * [[Igicagatayi]] * [[Igicakara]] (Antapasikani) * [[Igiceceni]] * [[Igiceke]] * [[Igicewa]] * [[Igicicewa]] → Igicewa * [[Igiceyene]] * [[Igicibusha]] * [[Igicokitawu]] * [[Igicuki]] * [[Igicuvashi]] * [[Igicuwange]] * [[Igifangi]] * [[Igifanti]] * [[Igifaransa]] * [[Igifaransa, Gishaje]] (842-ca.1400) * [[Igifaransa, Hagati]] (ca.1400-1600) * [[Igifero]] * [[Igifiji]] → Igifijiyani * [[Igifijiyani]] * [[Igifilipino]] * [[Igifinilande]] * [[Igifinuwa]] → Igifinilande * [[Igifiriziyani]] * [[Igifoni]] * [[Igifurahe]] * [[Igifuriyuliyani]] * [[Igifuriziyani]] * [[Igihawusa]] * [[Igihayida]] * [[Igiheburayi]] * [[Igiheburayo]] * [[Igiherero]] * [[Igihiligayino]] * [[Igihimacali]] * [[Igihinde]] * [[Igihinde cy'Amerika y'Amajyaruguru]] * [[Igihinde cy'Amerika yo Hagati]] * [[Igihindi]] * [[Igihiri]] * [[Igiholandi]] * [[Igihongiriya]] * [[Igihonguruwa]] → Igihongiriya * [[Igihupa]] * [[Igikabaridiyani]] * [[Igikalumike]] * [[Igikamba]] * [[Igikambodiya]] * [[Igikanada]] * [[Igikanuri]] * [[Igikaracayi-bali]] * [[Igikarakalupake]] * [[Igikareni]] * [[Igikashimiri]] * [[Igikatala]] → Igikatalani * [[Igikatalani]] * [[Igikawi]] * [[Igikazaki]] * [[Igikazi]] * [[Igikecuwa]] * [[Igikerewole cyo mu birwa bya Morisi]] * [[Igikerewole cyo muri Haiti]] * [[Igikerewole nyahayiti]] * [[Igikilingoni]] * [[Igikipele]] * [[Igikiri]] * [[Igikirigisi]] → Igikirigizi * [[Igikirigizi]] * [[Igikirike]] * [[Igikomi]] * [[Igikonkani]] * [[Igikopute]] * [[Igikoreya]] * [[Igikorisikani]] * [[Igikorowasiya]] * [[Igikorowate]] * [[Igikorunishe]] * [[Igikoruse]] * [[Igikosiriyani]] * [[Igikotani]] * [[Igikumeri]] * [[Igikumiki]] * [[Igikurudishi]] * [[Igikuruki]] * [[Igikutenayi]] * [[Igikuyu]] * [[Igikwanyama]] * [[Igikwecuwa]] * [[Igipahilavi]] * [[Igipalawani]] * [[Igipali]] * [[Igipangasinani]] * [[Igipanjabi]] * [[Igipapiyamento]] * [[Igipashitu]] * [[Igiperisi]] * [[Igiperiza]] * [[Igipohinipeyini]] * [[Igipolone]] * [[Igiporovensali, Gishaje]] (ku 1500) * [[Igiporutigali]] * [[Igipunjabi]] * [[Igipushito]] * [[Igisamaritani]] * [[Igisami amajyaruguru]] * [[Igisami Amajyepfo]] * [[Igisamowani]] * [[Igisango]] * [[Igisanidawe]] * [[Igisansikiriti]] * [[Igisasaki]] * [[Igisebuwano]] * [[Igiselikupe]] * [[Igisentali]] * [[Igisera]] * [[Igiseribe]] (Igisirilike) * [[Igiseribe]] (Ikilatini) * [[Igiseribiya]] * [[Igisesoto sa Lebowa]] * [[Igisetswana]] * [[Igishamoro]] * [[Igishani]] * [[Igisheroki]] * [[Igishinwa]] (Cya kera) * [[Igishinwa]] (Cyoroheje) (Cyorohejwe) * [[Igishinwa]] (Gakondo) * [[Igishinwa]] (Hongo Kongo) * [[Igishona]] * [[Igisicuwanayi]] * [[Igisidamo]] * [[Igisikisika]] * [[Igisikoluti-sami]] * [[Igisilande]] * [[Igisilovake]] → Igisilovaki * [[Igisilovaki]] * [[Igisilovakiya]] → Igisilovaki * [[Igisiloveniya]] * [[Igisindi]] * [[Igisinihala]] * [[Igisipanyoli]] → Icyesipanyole * [[Igisiweduwa]] * [[Igisogidiyani]] * [[Igisomali]] * [[Igisonenki]] * [[Igisorubiyani cyo hasi]] * [[Igisotho, Amajyepfo]] * [[Igisoza]] * [[Igisukuma]] * [[Igisusu]] * [[Igisuweduwa]] * [[Igiswahili]] * [[Igiswati]] * [[Igiswayili]] * [[Igitagaloge]] * [[Igitajika]] → Igitajiki * [[Igitajiki]] * [[Igitaliyani]] * [[Igitamasheke]] * [[Igitamili]] * [[Igitamulu]] → Igitamili * [[Igitata]] * [[Igitatari]] * [[Igitayi]] * [[Igitelugu]] * [[Igitereno]] * [[Igitetumu]] * [[Igitigirinya]] * [[Igitivu]] * [[Igitokelawu]] * [[Igitokipisini]] * [[Igitonga]] (Ibirwa bya Tonga) * [[Igitonga]] (Nyansa) * [[Igitsimushiyani]] * [[Igitsonga]] * [[Igitswana]] * [[Igitumbuka]] * [[Igituruki]] → Igiturukiya * [[Igiturukimeni]] * [[Igiturukiya]] * [[Igituvalu]] * [[Igitwi]] == Iginy(a)- == * [[Iginyakanada]] == Iki- == * [[Ikibagini]] * [[Ikibalineze]] * [[Ikibalushi]] * [[Ikibambara]] * [[Ikibani]] * [[Ikibanjari]] * [[Ikibarumi]] * [[Ikibasa]] * [[Ikibasike]] * [[Ikibelarusiya]] * [[Ikibemba]] * [[Ikibengali]] * [[Ikibihari]] * [[Ikibini]] * [[Ikibirini]] * [[Ikibisilamu]] * [[Ikibojipuri]] * [[Ikibuligare]] → Ikibulugariya * [[Ikibulugariya]] * [[Ikibulini]] * [[Ikiburaji]] * [[Ikiburiyati]] * [[Ikidage]] * [[Ikidage, Gishaje Hejuru]] (ca.750-1050) * [[Ikidage, Hagati Hejuru]] (ca.1050-1500) * [[Ikidakota]] * [[Ikidaninwa]] * [[Ikidanwa]] * [[Ikidarugwa]] * [[Ikidinka]] * [[Ikido]] * [[Ikidogiri]] * [[Ikigalegani]] → Ikigalisiya * [[Ikigalike]] * [[Ikigalisiya]] * [[Ikigaluwa]] * [[Ikigaluwa cy'Igisweduwa]] * [[Ikiganda]] * [[Ikigerebo]] * [[Ikigereki]] * [[Ikigereki, Cya kera]] (ku 1453) * [[Ikigereki, Gishya]] (1453-) * [[Ikigibo]] * [[Ikigisosa]] * [[Ikigondi]] * [[Ikigorontalo]] * [[Ikigubaya]] * [[Ikigujarati]] * [[Ikigwarani]] * [[Ikijavani]] * [[Ikijorujiya]] * [[Ikikabile]] * [[Ikikashubiyani]] * [[Ikikuyu]] → Igikuyu * [[Ikiladino]] * [[Ikilahinda]] * [[Ikilamba]] * [[Ikilatini]] * [[Ikilativiya]] * [[Ikilativiyani]] → Ikilativiya * [[Ikilawo]] * [[Ikilawotiyani]] * [[Ikilazi]] * [[Ikileziyani]] * [[Ikilidiya]] * [[Ikiligizamburujuwa]] * [[Ikilituwaniya]] * [[Ikilivoniya]] * [[Ikilojibani]] * [[Ikiloko]] * [[Ikilozi]] * [[Ikiluba]] * [[Ikiluba-Katanga]] * [[Ikiluba-Lulwa]] * [[Ikilule-sami]] * [[Ikilunda]] * [[Ikiluwo]] (Kenya na Tanzaniya) * [[Ikilwizeno]] * [[Ikimacedoniya]] → Ikimasedoniyani * [[Ikimagahi]] * [[Ikimakasari]] * [[Ikimalayakamu]] * [[Ikimalayalami]] * [[Ikimalayalamu]] * [[Ikimalayi]] * [[Ikimalite]] * [[Ikimaliteze]] * [[Ikimancu]] * [[Ikimandari]] * [[Ikimandingo]] * [[Ikimangisi]] * [[Ikimaragasi]] * [[Ikimarati]] * [[Ikimari]] * [[Ikimarishali]] * [[Ikimarwari]] * [[Ikimasayi]] * [[Ikimasedoniyani]] * [[Ikimawori]] * [[Ikimayitili]] * [[Ikimbundu]] * [[Ikimeduri]] * [[Ikimeduri]] * [[Ikimende]] * [[Ikiminangikabawu]] * [[Ikimohawuki]] * [[Ikimokisha]] * [[Ikimolidaviyani]] * [[Ikimongo]] * [[Ikimongoli]] * [[Ikimonteregro]] * [[Ikimosi]] * [[Ikimuharike]] * [[Ikinarisami]] * [[Ikinavaho]] * [[Ikinawuru]] * [[Ikindebele, Amajyaruguru]] * [[Ikindebele, Amajyepfo]] * [[Ikindonga]] * [[Ikinepali]] * [[Ikinerilande]] * [[Ikinewari Gisanzwe]] * [[Ikinewari Gishaje]] * [[Ikinewopolita]] * [[Ikingushi]] * [[Ikiniyasi]] * [[Ikiniyuweni]] * [[Ikinogayi]] * [[Ikinorusi, Gishaje]] * [[Ikinoruveje]] (Bokumali) * [[Ikinoruveje]] (Nyonorisiki) * [[Ikinoruveji]] * [[Ikinyanja]] → Igicewa * [[Ikinyoro]] * [[Ikinzima]] * [[Ikirajasitani]] * [[Ikirapanuyi]] * [[Ikirilandi]] * [[Ikiromani]] * [[Ikiromaniya]] * [[Ikiromanshe]] * [[Ikiromanshi]] * [[Ikiromansi]] * [[Ikirundi]] * [[Ikirushayi]] * [[Ikirusiya]] * [[Ikivayi]] * [[Ikivenda]] * [[Ikiviyetinamu]] * [[Ikivolapuke]] * [[Ikivoro]] * [[Ikivotika]] * [[Ikiwaluni]] * [[Ikiwarayi]] * [[Ikiwasho]] * [[Ikiwelishi]] * [[Ikiwiguri]] * [[Ikiwolofu]] * [[Ikiworufu]] * [[Ikiwurudu]] → Inyeyurudu * [[Ikixosa]] → Ikigisosa * [[Ikiyakuti]] * [[Ikiyapani]] * [[Ikiyapi]] * [[Ikiyawo]] * [[Ikiyidishi]] * [[Ikiyoruba]] * [[Ikizapoteke]] * [[Ikizenega]] * [[Ikizulu]] * [[Ikizuni]] * [[Ikizuru]] == Ikiny(a)- == * [[Ikinukititutu]] * [[Ikinupiyake]] * [[Ikinyaakani]] * [[Ikinyabashikiri]] * [[Ikinyabashinwa]] * [[Ikinyabikoli]] * [[Ikinyabosiniya]] * [[Ikinyabulugariya]] → Ikibulugariya * [[Ikinyabureto]] * [[Ikinyaceke]] → Igiceke * [[Ikinyadangume]] * [[Ikinyadelaweya]] * [[Ikinyadeneta]] * [[Ikinyadogiribu]] * [[Ikinyadugeyi]] * [[Ikinyaduwala]] * [[Ikinyaduyula]] * [[Ikinyafari]] * [[Ikinyafilipine]] * [[Ikinyafinilande]] → Igifinilande * [[Ikinyafowenisiyani]] * [[Ikinyafurihili]] * [[Ikinyafurikaneri]] → Ikinyafurikansi * [[Ikinyafurikansi]] * [[Ikinyaga]] * [[Ikinyagayo]] * [[Ikinyageworugiya]] * [[Ikinyagiliberiti]] * [[Ikinyagotike]] * [[Ikinyagwishini]] * [[Ikinyagwizi]] * [[Ikinyahangariya]] → Igihongiriya * [[Ikinyahawayi]] * [[Ikinyahayiti]] * [[Ikinyahimonge]] * [[Ikinyahitite]] * [[Ikinyaholande, Hagati]] (ca. 1050-1350) * [[Ikinya-ikarayini]] * [[Ikinya-ikarayini]] * [[Ikinyajudewo-nyaperisi]] * [[Ikinyajudewo-nyarabu]] * [[Ikinyakadiyani]] * [[Ikinyakado]] * [[Ikinyakani]] * [[Ikinyakani]] * [[Ikinyakoli]] * [[Ikinyakongo]] * [[Ikinyakorowasi]] * [[Ikinyaletoviyani]] * [[Ikinyalitwani]] → Ikilituwaniya * [[Ikinyalubaniya]] → Icyalubaniya * [[Ikinyalugizamburu]] * [[Ikinyamacedoniya]] → Ikimasedoniyani * [[Ikinyamadagasikari]] * [[Ikinyamalite]] * [[Ikinyamarike]] * [[Ikinyamisiri]] (Cya kera) * [[Ikinyamoludavi]] * [[Ikinyamongoliya]] * [[Ikinyanepale]] * [[Ikinyankole]] * [[Ikinyankore]] * [[Ikinyanoruveji]] * [[Ikinyanoruveji nayinorusiki]] * [[Ikinyaperisi]] * [[Ikinyaperisi, Gishaje]] (ca.600-400 B.C.) * [[Ikinyapolonye]] * [[Ikinyarumaniya]] * [[Ikinyarumeniya]] * [[Ikinyarwanda]] * [[Ikinyasame]] * [[Ikinyasamese]] * [[Ikinyasaridini]] * [[Ikinyaseribiya]] * [[Ikinyasikoti]] * [[Ikinyasikotilande]] * [[Ikinyasiloveniya]] * [[Ikinyasinali]] * [[Ikinyasiriya]] * [[Ikinyasorubiya cyo hejuru]] * [[Ikinyasumeri]] * [[Ikinyasundani]] * [[Ikinyasuwede]] * [[Ikinyatahiti]] * [[Ikinyatibeti]] * [[Ikinyatigire]] * [[Ikinyatilingiliti]] * [[Ikinyatimine]] * [[Ikinyaturukiya]] → Igiturukiya * [[Ikinyaturukiya, Otomani]] (1500-1928) * [[Ikinyatuvini]] * [[Ikinyavarika]] * [[Ikinyavesitani]] * [[Ikinyaviyetinamu]] * [[Ikinyawadi]] * [[Ikinyayikereni]] * [[Ikinyayimara]] * [[Ikinyayirilande]] * [[Ikinyayukereni]] * [[Ikinyazeri]] → Ikinyazeribayijani * [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] * [[Ikinyazongika]] * [[Ikinyefike]] * [[Ikinyekajuke]] * [[Ikinyendonisiya]] * [[Ikinyendoziya]] * [[Ikinyenterilinge]] * [[Ikinyeriza]] * [[Ikinyeviyetinamu]] * [[Ikinyewuzubeki]] * [[Ikinyeyisilandi]] * [[Ikinyeyukereniya]] * [[Ikinyinukitituti]] * [[Ikinyirilande]] * [[Ikinyirilande, Gishaje]] (ku 900) * [[Ikinyirilande, Hagati]] (900-1200) * [[Ikinyisilande]] == Iny(a)- == * [[Inyaguwarani]] * [[Inyamuhariki]] * [[Inyatigirinya]] * [[Inyazeribayijani]] → Ikinyazeribayijani * [[Inyebihari]] * [[Inyebiritoni]] * [[Inyebosiniya]] * [[Inyefaroyizi]] * [[Inyegujarati]] * [[Inyehawusa]] → Ikigisosa * [[Inyejava]] * [[Inyejeworujiya]] * [[Inyekilingoni]] * [[Inyekuridishi]] * [[Inyenoruveji]] * [[Inyeperisi]] * [[Inyeporutigali]] → Igiporutigali * [[Inyeseribiya na Korowasiya]] * [[Inyesesoto]] * [[Inyesimpaleze]] * [[Inyesudani]] * [[Inyeturukimeni]] → Igiturukimeni * [[Inyetuwi]] * [[Inyeyidishi]] * [[Inyeyurudu]] * [[Inyeyuzubeki]] * [[Inyezulu]] * [[Inyogusitani]] * [[Inyoriya]] → Icyoriya == Izindi == * [[Ikomoni-kimeri]] * [[Kirimini nyatatari]] * [[Kirimini nyaturukiya]] * [[Mikimaki]] * [[Nyamwezi]] * [[Urugobeko rwa Cinuki]] * [https://www.unionwells.com/limit-switch.html micro switches] * [https://www.unionwells.com/micro-switch.html limit switch] * [https://www.unionwells.com/aboutus.html unionwell] [[Category:Indimi| ]] [[Category:Kinyarwanda]] 2yy8itkcomjgyvhzowcq7dxkl9bgn3c 0 3972 78830 77407 2021-08-27T11:09:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Exterior of Sultan Ahmed I Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey 002.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|islam]] [[Dosiye:دانشکده_افسری_امام_علی_-_۱۳۹۹.jpg|thumb|Muharramu]] '''Muharramu''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''محرم''' ) ni ukwezi kwa mbere kuri [[karendari y’Ubuyisilamu]]. Abayisilamu b’isi yose bakirana uku kwezi ishavu ryinshi, bibuka Imamu Husseni umwuzukuru w’Intumwa Muhammadi. Imamu Husseni intwari yatabarukiye itabaro ryo kurengera Ubuyisilamu no gutokombeza abasirikare ba Shitani. Yaguye mu rugamba i [[Karbala]] yishwe n’ingabo za Yaziidi mwene Mu’awiya mwene Abu-Sufiyani nyuma yo kwanga kuyoboka ubutegetsi ruvumwa bw’ikirobezo Yaziidi [[Category:Islam]] [[Category:Ubushiya]] f52qizz85x8rrunzgg36t85rwoo4kuy 0 3974 16975 2011-01-08T02:14:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Muharramu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Muharramu]] iy73ibl1nxtll9md9ydqfn08r8qpcz8 14 3975 67744 59149 2013-04-13T09:07:45Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5741923]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 7xhd8c6u7k4kk2xidcydinaw8wxfx1x 0 3978 16998 2011-01-08T03:12:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusozi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusozi]] pnrtjmtuvfxo7o0ldf7o0ypwdsxvuin 0 3979 66012 17005 2013-03-11T10:59:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1639437]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MountHuye.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusozi wa Huye</font>]] '''Umusozi wa Huye''' Mu [[Akarere ka Huye|karere ka Huye]] hari [[Umusozi]] wa Huye uzwi cyane, ugaragara aho uhagaze hose mu karere, Muri uwo musozi tuhasanga n’isoko y’amazi afutse azwi mu [[Rwanda]] hose. Ayo mazi hari uruganda rwiyemeje kuyashyira mu macupa hanyuma rukayageza ku ba nyarwanda hirya no hino mu gihugu. [[Category:Imisozi y’u Rwanda]] 0ldabdvff0cfy87jdml03nenvboph1t 14 3980 67506 49518 2013-04-02T19:00:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8644730]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 9ltc66yjdq8rna8ihgem3mli11m4you 14 3981 66119 61545 2013-03-11T11:02:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 44 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6582864]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi]] [[Category:Turukiya]] kiob6rmznrvc7exg75m5bjb6vh4y0gm 14 3983 66120 64561 2013-03-11T11:02:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 105 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2944685]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 3985 81427 81411 2022-01-31T02:32:26Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Venus-real color.jpg|thumb|Umubumbe wa Venus]] [[File:Venus symbol (fixed width).svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso cy Umubumbe wa Venus (♀)]] '''Umubumbe wa Venus''' [[Dosiye:Venus_globe.jpg|thumb]] [[Category:Imibumbe]] haphbfmsx6aohu0u0y68p3ssu8yiwcb 0 3986 17029 2011-01-08T04:18:56Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Abukaziyani]] to [[Icyabukaziyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyabukaziyani]] c836hwk9ubvmzyznvujogrsjii591al 0 3987 81446 71517 2022-01-31T10:51:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Abukaziya</span>]] [[File:Ridge view from pitsunda cape.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Abkhazia]] [[File:Europe location ABX.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Abukaziya</span>]] [[File:Abkhazia02.png|thumb|right|250px]] '''Abukaziya''' cyangwa '''Repubulika y’Abukaziya''' (izina mu [[cyabukaziyani]] : ''Аҧсны'' cyangwa ''Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Abukaziya witwa [[Sukumi]]. [[Category:Abukaziya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] p3s0a63bii711jexi78dqqbyd1o1p9p 0 3988 17033 2011-01-08T04:26:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyabukaziyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyabukaziyani]] tc49uajvqb0ya95c4a2vqgvkj2ksd1z 0 3989 81680 79057 2022-01-31T11:27:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Distribution map of the Albanian language.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyalubaniya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cloister of the University of Bergamo. Italy.jpg|thumb|ubutaliyani]] '''Icyalubaniya''' cyangwa '''Ikinyalubaniya''' (izina mu cyalubaniya : ''Shqip'' cyangwa ''gjuha shqipe'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Alubaniya]], [[Kosovo]], [[Masedoniya]], [[Ubutaliyani]] na [[Ubugereki]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''sqi'''. == Alfabeti y’Icyalubaniya == Icyalubaniya kigizwe n’inyuguti 36 : '''a b c ç d dh e ë f g gj h i j k l ll m n nj o p q r rr s sh t th u v x xh y z zh''' :inyajwi 6 : '''a e ë i o u''' :indagi 30 : '''b c ç d dh f g gj h j k l ll m n nj p q r rr s sh t th v x xh y z zh''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ë]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gj]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ll]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nj]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Rr]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Sh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Th]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Xh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Zh]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|dh||align="center"|e||align="center"|ë||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|gj||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|ll||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|nj||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|rr||align="center"|s||align="center"|sh||align="center"|t||align="center"|th||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|x||align="center"|xh||align="center"|y||align="center"|z||align="center"|zh |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyalubaniya == * '''Tungjatjeta''' – Muraho * '''Flisni Anglisht?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Po''' – Yego * '''Jo''' – Oya * '''ujë''' – amazi * '''burrë''' – umugabo * '''grua''' – umugore == Imibare == * '''një''' – rimwe * '''dy''' – kabiri * '''tre''' – gatatu * '''katër''' – kane * '''pesë''' – gatanu * '''gjashtë''' – gatandatu * '''shtatë''' – karindwi * '''tetë''' – umunani * '''nëntë''' – icyenda * '''dhjetë''' – icumi * '''njëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi na rimwe * '''dymbëdhjetë''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trembëdhjetë''' – cumi na gatatu * '''katërmbëdhjetë''' – cumi na kane * '''pesëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi na gatanu * '''gjashtëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''shtatëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi na karindwi * '''tetëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi n’umunani * '''nëntëmbëdhjetë''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''njëzet''' – makumyabiri * '''njëzetenjë''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''njëzetedy''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''tridhjetë''' – mirongo itatu * '''dyzet''' – mirongo ine * '''pesëdhjetë''' – mirongo itanu * '''gjashtëdhjetë''' – mirongo itandatu * '''shatëdhjetë''' – mirongo irindwi * '''tetëdhjetë''' – mirongo inani * '''nëntëdhjetë''' – mirongo cyenda * '''njëqind''' – ijana * '''njëmijë''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu cyalubaniya == * http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faqja_Kryesore [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] 36z6z1tp3af1v19mopwqswdzh1l3shp 0 3990 17036 2011-01-08T04:36:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyalubaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyalubaniya]] 5ulz05wyohe59phh36fvdxdglbvzr9p 0 3991 17037 2011-01-08T04:38:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyalubaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyalubaniya]] 5ulz05wyohe59phh36fvdxdglbvzr9p 0 3992 17038 2011-01-08T04:38:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyalubaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyalubaniya]] 5ulz05wyohe59phh36fvdxdglbvzr9p 0 3993 76992 65838 2021-08-05T00:28:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Classroom.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|mwishuri]] '''Ikibonezamvugo''' (''grammar'' mu rurimi rw’[[icyongereza]] cyangwa ''se grammaire'' mu rurimi rw’[[igifaransa]]) * [[Ikibonezamvugo cy’ikinyarwanda]] [[Category:Indimi]] h4emr8ynhjrng77qsyqbji56ywfglva 0 3994 65837 64041 2013-03-11T10:54:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 37 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q232615]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of Lydia ancient times.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sarudi</font>]] [[File:SardisGymnasium1February2003.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Sarudi</font>]] '''Sarudi''' (izina mu [[kilidiya]] : ''Sfard'' ; izina mu [[kigereki]] : ''Σάρδεις'' ; izina mu [[kinyaperisi]] : '''سارد''' ; izina mu [[gituruki]] : ''Sardes'' ) umujyi w'amateka na wari [[umurwa]] mukuru w'ubwami bw'i [[Lidiya]] i [[Manisa]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Turukiya]] lansgl4pbl4arwrrelz80riht0xwigf 0 3995 78772 77207 2021-08-27T05:56:54Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kigali_Convention_Center.jpg|Kigali_Convention_Center.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:King of Hearts|King of Hearts]] because: [[:c:COM:VRT|No permission]] since 17 August 2021. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Green_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda Kigali]] '''Umurwa''' Ibihugu biteye imbere byanabonye ko ari byiza kugira imirwa ibiri: '''umurwa w’ubutegetsi''' (''political capital'') n’'''umurwa w’ubucuruzi''' (''commercial capital''). Ibi nabyo u [[Rwanda]] rwari rukwiye kubikora. Ni ukuvuga ko [[Kigali]] yaba umurwa w’ubucuruzi naho umurwa w’igihugu ukimukira ahandi nk’i Gitarama cyangwa se i Nyanza kuko mbona ari ho hagati mu gihugu. [[Category:Imirwa| ]] 2j6wgjiwui4uy5tkitzcgha99hoo0hn 0 3996 72524 70704 2020-07-18T02:03:26Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umujyi wa Rubavu''' uherereye mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, ugahana imbibi n’umujyi wa [[Goma]] muri leta ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. {{stub}} [[File:Mount_Rubavu.jpg|thumb|umusozi muriRubavu]] [[Category:Akarere ka Rubavu]] b64ri3qjx768vz214r8wax07awprfca 0 3997 17124 2011-01-08T15:18:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umujyi wa Rubavu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umujyi wa Rubavu]] n38bufr07hy4pas65pqxhphbe0wwbym 14 3998 67743 61997 2013-04-13T09:06:03Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 132 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7214555]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imijyi]] [[Category:Ahantu]] s24te2lpw11wqrkwm5l4dty7bahnzus 14 3999 67714 60598 2013-04-13T08:27:24Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6564018]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4000 73177 71811 2020-08-27T23:08:52Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abkhazia detail map2.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sukumi</font>]] [[File:Building of the City Council.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Sukumi</font>]] [[File:Sanatorium of RVSN RF in Sukhumi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Sukumi</font>]] '''Sukumi''' (izina mu [[cyabukaziyani]] : ''Аҟәа'' ; izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]] : ''სოხუმი'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Abukaziya]]. [[File:2014_Suchum,_Dom_na_ulicy_Łakoba.jpg|thumb|2014 Suchum, Dom na ulicy Łakoba]] [[Category:Abukaziya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 2xakurnhluwcsosbynt52ms2tiganbu 0 4001 81546 78698 2022-01-31T11:06:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Merkez.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi w’Ankara</span>]] [[File:Lupus-Collage Ankara.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi w’Ankara</span>|link=Special:FilePath/Lupus-Collage_Ankara.png]] Umujyi w’'''Ankara''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ankara'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Turukiya]] na n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Ankara]]. Abaturage 5,001,972. [[File:Aspel3-5.JPG|thumb|Aspel3-5]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Ankara == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Alaaddin Yüksel :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Melih Gökçek == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.ankara.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Ankara] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] bbrt7gr0t8jiz8ctcm1pyh709b9i4lt 0 4002 69288 66003 2015-03-04T06:51:44Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kocatepe Mosque Ankara.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kocatepe</font>]] [[File:Kocatepe Camii Ankara.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kocatepe</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kocatepe''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Kocatepe Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ankara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] nfo4csbldtsjmpj1y56ln54gza6jjw8 0 4003 73158 73156 2020-08-24T22:07:35Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia.jpg| thumb|150px|Bogota]] [[File:Flag of Bogotá.svg|thumb|150px|Bogota]] '''Bogota''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kolombiya]]. [[File:Aeropuerto_Internacional_El_Dorado,_Bogotá_D.C.JPG|thumb|Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado, Bogotá D.C]] [[File:Bogota_Stadt_04.jpg|thumb|Bogota Stadt 04]] [[File:World_Service_Ave_El_Dorado_BOG_03_2018_7262.jpg|thumb|World Service Ave El Dorado BOG 03 2018 7262]] [[Category:Kolombiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] h4v8zw8egc5prxyychkm5vy4fq135vz 14 4004 67223 61368 2013-03-14T05:52:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 122 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7186089]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 0 4005 81623 78973 2022-01-31T11:18:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi w’u Bujumbura</span>]] '''Bujumbura''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Uburundi]]. Ni hagati y'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika.Ibiro bya za Ministeri, n'ibya Perezida y'Uburundi biri muri uyu mugi.Izina rya kera ry'umujyi wa Bujumbura ryari Usumbura.Uwo mujyi uherereye m'uburengerazuba y'Uburundi. [[Dosiye:Bujumbura_International_Airport.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bujumbura]] [[File:Bujumbura_Cathedral_cropped.JPG|thumb|Bujumbura Cathedral cropped]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi (2004 Summer Olympics).svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Burundi]] [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 49ln5wexw6fem2023tfqqleaotus9oh 14 4006 17161 17160 2011-01-08T16:28:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Ubutariyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Ubutariyani]] 48hq1fq1bzvhrp6cuef4uvmkkrclwri 0 4007 77848 73154 2021-08-18T01:34:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Collage Rome.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Roma</font>]] '''Roma''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Ubutaliyani]]. Igisagara ca Roma arico kirimwo umurwa mukuru w’[[Ekleziya Gatorika]] y’i Roma. Romulus yitiriwe umujyi wa Roma, abaturage baho bitwa [[Abaroma]]. [[Dosiye:StAngelo Bridge Rome.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Bridge Rome]] [[File:Sant_Ivo_alla_Sapienza_lanterna_lato_Sud_Roma.jpg|thumb|Sant Ivo alla Sapienza lanterna lato Sud Roma]] [[File:StAngelo_Bridge_Rome.jpg|thumb|StAngelo Bridge Rome]] [[Category:Ubutariyani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] nr3zdl66fm73aq8it2b2vibxjr85u7e 0 4008 78285 65999 2021-08-24T00:29:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ouagadougou place nations unies.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Ouagadougou</font>]] [[File:Mosque ouaga.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti i Ouagadougou </font>]] '''Wagadugu''' cyangwa '''Ouagadougou''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Burukina Faso]]. [[Dosiye:Sleeping man in Ouagadougou.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|wagadugu umugoba ari kuruhuka]] [[Category:Burukina Faso]] [[Category:Imirwa]] sp2ubgkoepw6o9yt6wqlhu3sk8wnjp9 14 4009 67725 61011 2013-04-13T08:42:28Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6884048]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4010 73297 73102 2020-09-15T18:47:31Z Krok6kola 9178 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Aerial View of Islamabad.jpg]] → [[File:Aerial View of Islamabad from Daman-e-Koh Park.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Islamabad Montage.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi w’Islamabad</font>]] '''Islamabad''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]] : '''اسلام آباد''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Pakisitani]]. [[File:Imambara-Islamabad.jpg|thumb|Imambara-Islamabad]] [[File:Aerial View of Islamabad from Daman-e-Koh Park.jpg|thumb|Aerial View of Islamabad]] [[File:National_Faisal_Mosque_Islamabad.jpg|thumb|National Faisal Mosque Islamabad]] [[Category:Pakisitani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] cbexqcecp6tizi1mgoov0mmjv0oqxs1 14 4011 66111 60639 2013-03-11T11:02:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 132 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455849]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 4012 67247 60916 2013-03-14T05:53:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7074713]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ag58urdwghqoz6rlya4iduv2kbi0wg9 0 4013 78149 76484 2021-08-22T12:44:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PortofKingston.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kingston</font>]] '''Kingston''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Jamayika]]. [[Dosiye:Kingston_City_Hall-_Kingston-_Ontario-_20180414.jpg|thumb|Kingston City Hall]] [[Dosiye:Kingston_-_ON_-_Town_hall1.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">umujyi wa Kingston</font>]] [[Category:Jamayika]] [[Category:Imirwa]] sd4kz2b7ay3sgbznpfr55nypuojnc08 14 4014 66115 62362 2013-03-11T11:02:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 135 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411497]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4015 78301 67505 2021-08-24T01:46:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emblem of Jerusalem.svg|thumb|250px|left]] [[File:Jerusalem infobox image.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Yerusalemu </font>]] [[File:Jerusalem Dome of the rock BW 14.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Yerusalemu na Umusigiti wa Al Aqsa </font>]] '''Yerusalemu''' cyangwa '''Yeruzalemu''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : '''יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ''' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''القُدس ''' ) n’[[umurwa]] (''de facto'') mukuru w’[[Isirayeli]]. Yerusalemu yari umurwa mukuru w’ishyanga ry’[[Abayahudi]], n’icyicaro gikuru cy’ubutegetsi bw’abami bakomokaga mu muryango w’[[Umwami Dawidi]]. [[Dosiye:PikiWiki 31098 Jerusalem, The Golden Gate.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|jerusalem]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Isirayeli]] [[Category:Imirwa]] aeccpq5z1j7zulfofft0ld5x15g05ve 0 4016 77990 73190 2021-08-20T01:11:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tel Aviv Beachs.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Tel Aviv</font>]] [[File:Channel2 - Tel Aviv.webm|thumb|right|300px|thumbtime=00:03]] '''Tel Aviv''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : '''תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ‎''') n’[[umurwa]] (''de jure'') mukuru w’[[Isirayeli]]. [[File:Israel-2013-Tel_Aviv_01-Reading_Power_Station.jpg|thumb|Israel-2013-Tel Aviv 01-Reading Power Station]] [[File:Skyline_of_Tel_Aviv_(34324506705).jpg|thumb|Skyline of Tel Aviv (34324506705)]] [[Dosiye:Tel Aviv Port Lowshot.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Tel aviv]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Isirayeli]] [[Category:Imirwa]] qoogfhjt7dwkm25r6sci7ibgcevwqwr 0 4017 17189 2011-01-08T17:28:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 4018 17190 2011-01-08T17:29:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kongo]] ch3a5ulu2cfrkx8ijunz1bn6qy5noz9 0 4019 76485 73122 2021-07-26T21:04:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kinshasa Congo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kinshasa</font>]] '''Kinshasa''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. [[Dosiye:Kinshasa_2003.jpg|thumb|Kinshasa 2003]] [[File:Université_de_Kinshasa,_entrée.jpg|thumb|Université de Kinshasa, entrée]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Imirwa]] niha02iicxkl4nzh0f8qv0fnw5z87z3 14 4020 65828 64169 2013-03-11T10:53:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411463]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4021 77805 77723 2021-08-17T03:45:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Quba's_Juma_Mosque.JPG|thumb|Quba's Juma Mosque]] [[Dosiye:مسجد قباء مقطع01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Quba]] '''Umusigiti wa Quba''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد قباء''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Medina]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] lqs5hdkbpcjhlsw3dzvdphb5bb6phdh 0 4022 69489 65826 2015-03-04T10:00:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edirne 7333 Nevit.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Selimiye</font>]] [[File:Salimiye Masjid.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Selimiye</font>]] [[File:Salimiye's beauty and grandeur.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Selimiye</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Selimiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Selimiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Edirne]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] a05c1drqpwzvi64js30u0t0xw4bi2o5 0 4023 77526 69282 2021-08-12T03:32:06Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Emirsultan 1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Emir Sultan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Bursa Emir Sultan Camii 7109.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Emir Sultan'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Emir Sultan''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Emir Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bursa]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] qhhnsr5h4s2u1uxhhtaop98sgobvp7y 0 4024 78134 78133 2021-08-21T03:45:34Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:YEŞİL CAMİ mosque BURSA - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|249x249px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeşil</font>]] [[Dosiye:GREEN MOSQUE-YEŞİL CAMİ-BURSA - panoramio.jpg|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeşil</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yeşil Cami Bursa.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yesil]] '''Umusigiti wa Yeşil''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yeşil Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bursa]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 584ndzsgkyo9hdhq8em9tgjdjzgdp2b 0 4025 77520 69273 2021-08-12T03:20:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bezm-i Âlem Valide Sultan Camii (Dolmabahçe Mosque).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Dolmabahçe</font>]] [[Dosiye:Dolmabahçe Mosque Mars 2013.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Dolmabahçe'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Dolmabahçe''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Dolmabahçe Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 537z0b1f8jhqopf3xfg25357rsm3c49 0 4026 72440 69242 2020-07-12T21:36:09Z A.Savin 7961 new pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul asv2020-02 img06 Laleli Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Laleli</font>]] [[File:Istanbul asv2020-02 img07 Laleli Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Laleli</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Laleli''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Laleli Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] dt0sq6l3gn8f0150v1dtmx1ubpskc8x 0 4027 69318 65823 2015-03-04T07:22:06Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul - Mesquita de Mihrimah.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mihrimah </font>]] [[File:Istanbul - Mesquita de Mihrimah - Cúpula.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Quba</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Mihrimah''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Mihrimah Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 7xxl1e4bz2716ctko8vx9ym7cozzvq5 0 4028 69326 65830 2015-03-04T07:57:07Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 4946.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nusretiye</font>]] [[File:Nusretiye Camii.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nusretiye</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Nusretiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Nusretiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] i4tvgnebfe13am77pe1f78dhagyskh0 0 4029 78041 69515 2021-08-20T03:17:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PIC 2004-08-20 11-24 9538.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Süleymaniye</font>]] [[File:Istanbul - Süleymaniye camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006 - 15.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Süleymaniye</font>]] [[File:20101213 Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul inside vertical Panorama.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Süleymaniye</font>]] [[Dosiye:The Süleymaniye Mosque - مسجد سليمان القانوني - Mosquée Süleymaniye - Süleymaniye Camii.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Süleymaniye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Süleymaniye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Süleymaniye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] p2ecpl0tdkqop9fv3jigvl4b50xzfkk 0 4030 78180 78179 2021-08-23T02:44:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zeynep Sultan Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zeynep Sultan</font>]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Zeynep Sultan Camii r5 - Mart 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zeynep Sultan'']] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Zeynep Sultan Camii r1 - Mart 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zeynep Sultan'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Zeynep Sultan''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Zeynep Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 177y72pz5mtd523ppvcrcrfce8vlro0 0 4031 78129 78128 2021-08-21T03:36:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yeni cami.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeni</font>]] [[File:Istanbul new mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeni</font>]] [[Dosiye:Panoramic view of Istanbul- Yeni Cami (The New Mosque), Galata Bridge. Turkey, Southeastern Europe.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yeni]] [[Dosiye:Yeni Cami Mosque, Nicosia, Cyprus.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa yeni]] '''Umusigiti wa Yeni''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yeni Cami'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] art8556q1wsqvk9o60a2o0p060u1vnu 0 4032 78181 69597 2021-08-23T02:45:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Image-ZeyrekCamii20061230 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zeyrek</font>]] [[File:ZeyrekCamii20061230 03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zeyrek</font>]] [[Dosiye:Molla Zeyrek Camii.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zeyrek'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Zeyrek''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Zeyrek Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] qmspr3n01fu76s8zso4zcy00c5v7ht1 0 4033 78176 69562 2021-08-23T02:40:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5985.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zal Mahmud Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Entrance of Zal Mahmud Pasha Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zal Mahmud Paşa'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Zal Mahmud Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Zal Mahmud Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] rpgpkl5s2868t4opjeak4wue3ze4hxk 0 4034 78123 78122 2021-08-21T03:28:20Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:YavuzSultanSelimMosqueIstanbul.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yavuz Selim</font>]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Yavuz Selim Camii - Mart 2013 - r9.JPG|thumb|umusigiri wa ''Yavuz Selim'' ]] [[Dosiye:Yavuz sultan selim camii.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Yavuz Selim'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Yavuz Selim''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yavuz Selim Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] o70nrn8w4si3uav8ftui14byhqmwbm4 0 4035 77934 69486 2021-08-19T03:18:06Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Camii exterior.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sokollu Mehmet Pasha</font>]] [[File:Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Dome Painting -Sep 2010.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sokollu Mehmet Pasha</font>]] [[File:Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Camii interior.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sokollu Mehmet Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sokollu Mehmet Pasha mosque 5722.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sokollu Mehmet Pasha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sokollu Mehmet Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Sokollu Mehmed Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 1uktkz3wuz8ilwxdnp1z0zhmrvofmmx 0 4036 77932 77931 2021-08-19T03:15:13Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5153.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sinan Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sinan Pasha Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sinan Pasha''']] [[Dosiye:Sinan Pasha Mosque 5939.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sinan Pasha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sinan Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Sinan Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 5unjh0fw2no8ykx15iy54k0l8sfm8bs 0 4037 77874 69473 2021-08-18T03:22:23Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SancaktarMosque20080603 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sancaktar Hayrettin</font>]] [[File:Ghastria.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sancaktar Hayrettin (ifoto 1870)</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque 6207.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Sancaktar Hayrettin]] '''Umusigiti wa Sancaktar Hayrettin''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Sancaktar Hayrettin Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 4b5sggrh6rakh1g59hegpo3t5f4f6bt 0 4038 77797 72967 2021-08-17T03:28:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul asv2020-02 img61 Ortaköy Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ortaköy</font>]] [[File:Istanbul asv2020-02 img64 Ortaköy Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ortaköy</font>]] [[File:Ortakoey Istanbul Bosporusbruecke Mrz2005.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ortaköy</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ortakoy-camii.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Ortaköy'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Ortaköy''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Büyük Mecidiye Camii'' cyangwa ''Ortaköy Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] d8wvcl738p0vz1bws28wqtbz4wqfwdn 0 4039 77666 69355 2021-08-14T19:52:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KefeliMescidi20070603 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kefeli</font>]] [[Dosiye:KefeliMescidi20070603 2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kefeli'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Kefeli''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Kefeli Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] h0155dhskingnggedzmo7ynh2jlbgzf 0 4040 69231 65969 2015-03-04T06:12:39Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KalenderhaneMosqueInIstanbul20070407 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kalenderhane</font>]] [[File:Cephe1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kalenderhane</font>]] [[File:İstanbul 5606.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kalenderhane</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kalenderhane''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Kalenderhane Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] f1gsqyafdsix2tm8yp2tu7o1kk8j1cx 0 4041 77592 69394 2021-08-14T04:14:00Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HiramiAmhetPasaMosque20071010 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hirami Ahmet Pasha</font>]] [[File:Hagios Ioannes Baptistes en Troulo.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hirami Ahmet Pasha (ifoto 1870)</font>]] [[Dosiye:Interior of Hirami Ahmet Pasha Mosque I, 2019-07-10.jpg|thumb|mo imbere mu musigiti wa ''Hırami Ahmet Pasha'']] '''Umusigiti wa Hirami Ahmet Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Hırami Ahmet Paşa Mescidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] byzby3f7tu0a9hjyiuuzbs6xtz3z7wu 0 4042 69464 65971 2015-03-04T09:53:11Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FeneriIsaCamiiInIstanbul20070102 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fenari Isa</font>]] [[File:Hanci Fenari Isa Mosque N Dome.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fenari Isa </font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Fenari Isa''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Fenari İsa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] s69wsstypjfca19ht1nrwh0j7gk0j0y 0 4043 69292 65972 2015-03-04T06:52:16Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FatihMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fatih</font>]] [[File:Fatih Camii Dome.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fatih</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Fatih''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Fatih Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] gwh1yx4g361s1ge9kj7eg0oku7956cw 0 4044 69368 65965 2015-03-04T08:47:08Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KocaMustafaPashaMosque20072812 03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Koca Mustafa Pasha</font>]] [[File:Hagios Andreas en ti Krisi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Koca Mustafa Pasha (ifoto 1877)</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Koca Mustafa Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Koca Mustafa Paşa Camii'' cyangwa ''Kocamustafapaşa Sümbül Efendi Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 0kdtiwol2iooq28id6m0t94kemqgluy 0 4045 69295 68381 2015-03-04T06:52:47Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5999.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eyüp Sultan</font>]] [[File:Eyüp Sultan Camii 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eyüp Sultan</font>]] [[File:Eyup sultan camii interior Istanbul 2013 3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eyüp Sultan</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Eyüp Sultan''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Eyüp Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] fei9sy7q1uahl5b3ujw1eg410ik3dti 0 4046 69286 65967 2015-03-04T06:40:08Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EskiImaretMosque2007.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eski Imaret</font>]] [[File:EskiImaretCamii20070531 03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eski Imaret</font>]] [[File:InsideEskiImaretMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eski Imaret</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Eski Imaret''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Eski İmaret Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] g043w2br36zclddmz1qznruqiia260z 0 4047 77462 69527 2021-08-10T16:31:00Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5874.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Atik Ali Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Atik Ali Pasha Mosque 6453.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Atik Ali Pasha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Atik Ali Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Atik Ali Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] easkk4kvfsw6aw5licnvrttsiiw4up2 0 4048 78190 78189 2021-08-23T02:55:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ArapMosque1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Arap</font>]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Arap Camii r8 - Mart 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti w' ''Arap'' ]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Arap Camii r3 - Mart 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti w' ''Arap'' ]] '''Umusigiti w’Arap''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Arap Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] mukinya [[Rwanda]] ni [[Umusigiti]] qdk3wv3zy5m1jocqty2pwp2qnh431b1 0 4049 78535 78534 2021-08-25T03:17:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İsa Bey Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Isa Bey</font>]] [[Dosiye:Isa Bey Mosque in Izmir.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''İsa Bey'' ]] [[Dosiye:İsa Bey Cami, 2019 05.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''İsa Bey'' ]] '''Umusigiti w’Isa Bey''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''İsa Bey Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Izmir]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 1l94uyo2uspqog3qz3tjbgfs6f3nhfs 0 4050 77485 71871 2021-08-11T03:10:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diyarbakır Behram Paşa Camisi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Behram Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Behram Pasha Mosque 7791.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Behram Paşa Camii'']] '''Umusigiti wa Behram Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Behram Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Diyarbakir]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 2cbczp1dapicstxugae8y64rcvk3v1e 0 4051 77789 69327 2021-08-17T03:12:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nuruosmaniye Mosque Mars 2013.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nuruosmaniye</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nuruosmaniye Camii 1748 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Nuruosmaniye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Nuruosmaniye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Nuruosmaniye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 6pj9pncqnu31amdw53j2n504wdx1jqr 0 4052 77765 69432 2021-08-16T03:40:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antalya Muratpaşa Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Murat Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yivli Minaret at Night - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Murat paşha]] '''Umusigiti wa Murat Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Murat Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Antalya]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 8oms4q3anj5pztpjdu15j2r0x212clx 0 4053 69240 66070 2015-03-04T06:17:04Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Laal Pasha Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lal Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Lal Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Lâl Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mut]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 84dfv99wo49swxhjjjtys53jy2ztvow 14 4054 67228 60289 2013-03-14T05:52:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 137 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130966]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4055 69296 66069 2015-03-04T06:52:57Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Et'hem Bey Mosque & Clock tower.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ethem Bey</font>]] [[File:ALB 20070720 img 1479.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fenari Isa </font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Ethem Bey''' (izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]]: ''Xhamia e Et'hem Beut'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tirana]] muri [[Alubaniya]]. {{commons|Et'hem Bey Mosque}} [[Category:Imisigiti y’Alubaniya]] 3hd04rt62amuvzc9sr6afgis8doyy3q 0 4056 77522 69760 2021-08-12T03:24:51Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Xhamia Ebu Beker.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Ebu Beker'']] '''Umusigiti wa Ebu Beker''' (izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]]: ''Xhamia Ebu Beker'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shkoder]] muri [[Alubaniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Alubaniya]] 2r7bekx10z32hhuuv1pfubf1ab4j52h 14 4057 66067 64392 2013-03-11T11:01:20Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 123 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455371]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4058 78144 77525 2021-08-22T12:15:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Constantine algerie grande mosquee emir abdelkader4.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Emir Abdelkader</font>]] [[Dosiye:الامير عبد القادر.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Emir Abdelkader]] [[Dosiye:Constantine_-_Mosquée_de_l'Emir_Abdelkader_مسجد_الامير_عبد_القادر_بقسنطينة_(28832701503).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Emir Abdelkader]] '''Umusigiti wa Emir Abdelkader''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الأمير عبد القادر‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Constantine]] muri [[Aligeriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Aligeriya]] 1tadl1rlypdp32jgiaf5ljqjb7pr5zf 14 4059 66074 62629 2013-03-11T11:01:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 50 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5894480]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4060 79265 69241 2021-08-31T20:39:54Z Rukundoemma 10066 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mainfacade.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lala Mustafa Pasha</font>]] [[File:LalaMustafaPasaMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lala Mustafa Pasha</font>]] [[File:Minaretcath.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lala Mustafa Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Lala Mustafa Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Lala Mustafa Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Famagusta]] muri [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Dosiye:Erzurum_Lala_Mustafa_Paşa_Camii2.jpg|thumb|Erzurum Lala Mustafa Paşa Camii2]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] g0ll6hb64cdld31s0et2dj2sj3bhmhh 14 4061 67251 61030 2013-03-14T05:53:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 107 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6986142]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4062 77911 72816 2021-08-18T15:05:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Laika ac Gaddafi National Mosque, Kampala (6693328097).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kampala</font>]] [[Dosiye:Interior_view_Kampala_National_mosque.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Kampala]] '''Umusigiti wa Kampala''' (izina mu [[giswahili]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kampala]] muri [[Ubugande]]. [[File:Kampala-Mosque.JPG|thumb|Kampala-Mosque]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bugande]] c1sefp6w3nk0ieb1l73jc1pybphfrli 14 4063 67995 67938 2013-04-20T10:51:50Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:Wikidata]] on [[d:Q1411712]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4064 69547 66182 2015-03-04T10:38:33Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masdjed-e Vakil central court (1).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Vakil</font>]] [[File:Vakil Mosque Shabestan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Vakil</font>]] [[File:Vakil mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Vakil</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Vakil''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد وکیل''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shiraz]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] g30xwwq4n17jiw4aclgeji8oh8jpoko 0 4065 78583 77655 2021-08-25T09:28:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jamkaran Mosque-3855.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamkaran</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jamkaran.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Jamkaran mu ijoro''']] '''Umusigiti wa Jamkaran''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جمکران''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qom]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Dosiye:Jamkaran_Mosque_مسجد_جمکران_08.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Jamkaran]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] izmve9hvve5ky6gry2kjmg59n8ct2j3 0 4066 78581 77538 2021-08-25T08:37:15Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Goharshad2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Goharshad</font>]] [[Dosiye:Goharshad Mosque - 1977.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Goharshad 1977''']] '''Umusigiti wa Goharshad''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد گو هرشاد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mashhad]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Dosiye:Imam-Reza-shrine-mashhad-Iranعکس_از_حرم_علی_ابن_موسی_الرضا_در_مشهد.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Goharshad]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] tndu1kvn5p10t9x8gdtcjxx1h5fj0nu 0 4068 77593 69223 2021-08-14T04:16:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maktul ibrahim Pasa Camii (Razgrad).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Rhodos, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque.jpg|thumb|umunara w'umusigiti wa '''Ibrahim Pasha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Pasha''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]]: ''Ибрахим паша джамия''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Maktul İbrahim Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Razgrad]] muri [[Buligariya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bulugariya]] pwk2lfm9zi3ec8tl8yjtyk8lkwe2p7n 0 4069 78054 69556 2021-08-20T03:36:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tombul Djamia Shumen.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tombul</font>]] [[File:Mosquée de Tombul - Cour intérieure.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tombul</font>]] [[Dosiye:Томбул джамия- Шумен.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Tombul]] '''Umusigiti wa Tombul''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]]: ''Томбул джамия''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Tombul Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shumen]] muri [[Bulugariya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bulugariya]] oe4gi2bl1h3dfnj8sica8qd49huw26x 0 4070 78394 69501 2021-08-24T11:28:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Camia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Banyabashi</font>]] [[File:Banya-bashi-imagesfrombulgaria.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Banyabashi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Banyabashi''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]]: ''Баня баши джамия''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Banyabaşı Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sofiya]] muri [[Buligariya]]. [[Dosiye:Баня_Баши_джамия.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Banyabashi]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bulugariya]] encuwjmfu38xr3u0n12h71nshrw9j2j 14 4071 65897 63526 2013-03-11T10:56:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455458]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4072 78602 69323 2021-08-25T11:35:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Noyabaad Mosque (6).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Noyabaad</font>]] [[File:Noyabaad Mosque (13).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Noyabaad</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Noyabaad''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''নয়াবাদ মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nayabad]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Dosiye:Noyabaad_Mosque_(8).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Noyabaad]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] dq3twbczinf93usal1awl3dou44hof1 14 4073 67754 61779 2013-04-13T09:19:01Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6889384]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4074 77684 69243 2021-08-15T06:30:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LamidoGrandMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lamido</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée de Ngaoundéré, 2006.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Lamido'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Lamido''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Lamido Grand Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[N'Gaoundere]] muri [[Kameruni]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kameruni]] 2mdhozkregqxkys3p7gokbqfnwdzl51 14 4075 65887 62179 2013-03-11T10:55:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 155 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411230]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4076 78081 77886 2021-08-20T11:44:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PK Thatta asv2020-02 img01 Shah Jahan Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Shahjahan</font>]] [[Dosiye:The Shah Jahan Mosque 03.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Shah Jahan ]] [[Dosiye:PK_Thatta_asv2020-02_img04_Shah_Jahan_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Shahjahan]] '''Umusigiti wa Shahjahan''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''جامع مسجد ٹھٹہ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Thatta]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] o6q7hz14za0ml1axlkh11w7fhvgug47 14 4077 70460 67485 2016-03-12T22:54:55Z Culex 5680 category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4078 77498 71928 2021-08-11T03:33:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Charminar Hyderabad 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Carminar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Pk-55.jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa Carminar]] '''Umusigiti wa [https://www.guidemyindia.com/2019/09/charminar-hyderabad-full-details.html Carminar]''' (izina mu [[gitelugu]]: '''చార్ మినార్'''; izina mu [[igihindi]]: '''चार मीनार'''; izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''چار مینار''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hyderabad]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 0oqwvdsuyjymjrzgoeblhhb4pdxcljk 0 4079 78053 69541 2021-08-20T03:34:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kolkata Tipu Sultan's Mosque3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tipu Sultan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tipu Sultan Mosque Dharmatala at Night.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Tipu Sultan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Tipu Sultan''' ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kolkata]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 7w6u3e1xz4zosoqggwvdf8u8e6adv4a 0 4080 77927 77926 2021-08-19T03:08:49Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shakingminarets.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sidi Bashir</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jhulta minara - Shidi Bashir Masjid - 3.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sidi Bashir''']] [[Dosiye:Sidi Bashir Mosque Ahmedabad 1866.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sidi Bashir''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sidi Bashir''' (izina mu [[kigujarati]]: '''ઝૂલતા મિનારા''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ahmedabad]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] kdxbnxsnzwb7znmffp7p84ltn69230a 0 4081 77799 77798 2021-08-17T03:30:33Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palayam Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Palayam Juma</font>]] [[Dosiye:Palayam Juma Mosque 1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Palayam Juma''']] [[Dosiye:Palayam Masid 1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Palayam Juma''']] '''Umusigiti wa Palayam Juma''' (izina mu [[kimalayalamu]]: '''പാളയം ജുമാമസ്ജിദ്''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Trivandrum]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] erbjf3vk1bbdgf5noerkzfi5gwt4vvu 14 4082 67244 62482 2013-03-14T05:53:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 102 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6892714]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4083 69274 66097 2015-03-04T06:37:57Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Djinguereber in Timbuktu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Djinguereber</font>]] [[File:Djingareiber cour.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Djinguereber</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Djinguereber''' ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Timbuktu]] muri [[Mali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Mali]] 2x4eogeap4oelralyy967bz0bewmcgk 0 4084 78075 77479 2021-08-20T11:16:14Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dome of the Grande Mosque, Bamako (6923661).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa bamako]] [[Dosiye:Mosque-maison-guide.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa bamako]] '''Umusigiti wa Bamako''' ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bamako]] muri [[Mali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Mali]] 6j4p3fwye5ntl5ou8l0k468z3vogs5v 0 4085 78076 69275 2021-08-20T11:18:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Great Mosque of Djenné 3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Djenné</font>]] [[File:Great Mosque of Djenné 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Djenné</font>]] [[Dosiye:ASC_Leiden_-_F._van_der_Kraaij_Collection_-_04_-_014_-_Des_enfants_jouent_devant_la_Grande_Mosquée_-_Djenné,_Mali_-_1972.tif|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Djenné</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Djenné''' ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Djenné]] muri [[Mali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Mali]] qympa6niuf73c8y789sd1nt667si5x3 14 4086 67245 62599 2013-03-14T05:53:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7087809]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4087 82522 77527 2022-04-15T12:11:58Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:مسجد_أرطغل_غازي_.jpg|مسجد_أرطغل_غازي_.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Minorax|Minorax]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umusigiti wa Ertuğrul Gazi''' (izina mu [[giturukimeni]]: ''Ärtogrul Gazy metjidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ashgabat]] muri [[Turukimenisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukimenisitani]] 1y88i35khvs1gq2s2a4pxl7efjjja8s 14 4088 67246 61256 2013-03-14T05:53:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6975863]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4089 77517 75144 2021-08-12T03:15:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grande Mosqué de dakar.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Grande Dakar'']] '''Umusigiti wa Dakar''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande Mosquée de Dakar'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dakar]] muri [[Senegali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Senegali]] anp80nrpna331dv2g3gmjxohg4tllso 14 4090 66208 62684 2013-03-11T11:04:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 200 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411173]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4091 69479 66207 2015-03-04T09:57:59Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BasharatMosque1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Basharat</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Basharat''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]]: ''Mezquita Basharat'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pedro Abad]] muri [[Esipanye]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Esipanye]] hwepj44oi9daas5y6b4g0jp8itbvi69 14 4092 66206 63569 2013-03-11T11:04:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 131 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455625]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4093 82414 79444 2022-04-04T18:35:39Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Masjid_Istiqlal_-_Panoramio.jpg|Masjid_Istiqlal_-_Panoramio.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:P199|P199]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Istiqlal Mosque|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Prasasti_Peresmian_Masjid_Istiqlal_tahun_1978-Pintu-As-Salaam.jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti w’Istiqlal ('''Masjid Istiqlal )]] '''Umusigiti w’Istiqlal''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]]: ''Masjid Istiqlal'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jakarta]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] pjfkzuzae7b0vcumy0e9mdvqcd2vyt1 0 4094 78606 77435 2021-08-25T12:07:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid demak.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Agung Demak</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Agung Demak.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Agung Demak]] '''Umusigiti wa Agung Demak''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]]: ''Masjid Agung Demak'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Demak]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Dosiye:Dua_Masjid_Agung_Demak.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Agung Demak]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] 262chziy9j3rzfbnerqeycp4bjpu2gg 0 4095 78607 69263 2021-08-25T12:12:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cut-Mutiah1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Cut Mutiah</font>]] [[File:Cut-Mutiah6.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Cut Mutiah</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Nusretiye''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]]: ''Masjid Cut Mutiah'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jakarta]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Dosiye:Cut-Mutiah10.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Cut Mutiah]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] 27bli7h4ftbh630aehk63ormppb7thq 0 4096 78608 77761 2021-08-25T12:13:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Minaret en moskee van Koedoes TMnr 60054755.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Menara Kudus</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Menara Kudus(IHP).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Menara Kudus'']] '''Umusigiti wa Menara Kudus''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]]: ''Masjid Menara Kudus'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kudus]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Dosiye:Masjid_Menara_Kudus.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Menara Kudus]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] q7sbfzxk8cei34ll0jddn4u0bygfhfi 0 4097 78609 69446 2021-08-25T12:37:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meuseujid Raya Bayturrahman.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Raya Baiturrahman</font>]] [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Baiturrahman moskee in Koetaradja TMnr 60023672.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Raya Baiturrahman (1910-30)</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Raya Baiturrahman''' (izina mu [[cyace]]: ''Meuseujid Raya Baiturrahman'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ace]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Dosiye:Meuseujid_Raya_Baiturrahman_.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Raya Baiturrahman]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] c8cdw9tp4dlp5gb289d7jyplvx7g0cb 0 4098 17354 2011-01-08T23:43:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyace]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyace]] 603riu1twaiweollu2davwh0higmc74 0 4099 81678 79054 2022-01-31T11:27:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IndonesiaAceh.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyace</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Indonesia]] '''Icyace''' (izina mu cyace : ''Bahsa Acèh'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Ace]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ace'''. == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyace == * peue haba? – Amakuru? * haba gèt – Ni meza * atawa – cyangwa * bahsa – ururimi * binatang – inyamaswa * asèë – imbwa * mië – injangwe * leumo – inka * cicém – inyoni * eungkôt – ifi == Imibare == * sa – rimwe * duwa – kabiri * lhèë – gatatu * peuët – kane * limöng – gatanu * nam – gatandatu * tujôh – karindwi * lapan – umunani * sikureuëng – icyenda * siplôh – icumi * siblah – cumi na rimwe * duwa blah – cumi na kaviri * lhèë blah – cumi na gatatu * duwa plôh – makumyabiri * duwa plôh sa – makumyabiri na rimwe * duwa plôh duwa – makumyabiri na kaviri * duwa plôh lhèë – makumyabiri na gatatu == Wikipediya mu cyace == * [http://ace.wikipedia.org Wikipèdia Bahsa Acèh] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ace www.ethnologue.com] * [http://bahasaaceh.wordpress.com Blog Belajar Bahasa Aceh] [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] 6nlunv2hg5ecsi3dxjqm74nh3wfwx78 0 4100 78034 69513 2021-08-20T03:09:51Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samping Masjid Suriansyah.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Suriansyah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Sultan Suriansyah.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Suriansyah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Suriansyah''' (izina mu [[kibanjari]]: ''Masigit Sultan Suriansyah'' cyangwa ''Masigit Kuin'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Banjarmasin]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] e1p85mrgn1ew1exdkx85u0gzkh12vmn 0 4101 79492 69607 2021-10-08T21:36:55Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Al-Ittihad_Mosque.jpg|Al-Ittihad_Mosque.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Al-Ittihad Mosque.jpg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umusigiti wa Al-Ittihad Jatibarang''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]]: ''Masjid Al-Ittihad Jatibarang'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jatibarang Lor]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Indonesiya]] h8mwjkqbiyjqfag8ncb8uc5fmw9z753 14 4102 67724 67398 2013-04-13T08:39:46Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130650]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4103 76620 76614 2021-07-29T18:22:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ali_Pasha's_Mosque_122744.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ali Pasha]] [[Dosiye:Ali_Pasha_Mosque_8664.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ali Pasha imbere]] '''Umusigiti wa Ali Pasha''' (izina mu [[kinyabosiniya]] na [[kinyakorowasi]]: ''Alipašina džamija''; izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Али-пашина џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sarayevo]] muri [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] 675rcifzudahgoyjrji9dqwvu0l0r91 14 4104 65881 63450 2013-03-11T10:55:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 163 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411284]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4105 82445 77675 2022-04-08T00:58:30Z Chongkian 3963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kobe mosque01 2816.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Kobe]] '''Umusigiti wa Kobe''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]]: '''神戸モスク''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kobe]] mu [[Buyapani]]. == Imiyoboro == *http://www.kobemosque.info/ [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buyapani]] c69tpx64ofoxdbnbhc42txtn2y0ibi9 14 4106 67203 59703 2013-03-14T05:51:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7186363]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4107 77763 69406 2021-08-16T03:37:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PrizrenCollection2 2010 100 2517.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Muderis Ali Efendi</font>]] [[Dosiye:PrizrenCollection2 2010 100 2522.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Muderis Ali Efendi''']] '''Umusigiti wa Muderis Ali Efendi''' (izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]]: ''Xhamia e Myderis Ali Efendisë''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Müderris Ali Efendi Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Prizren]] muri [[Kosovo]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kosovo]] 9hz2qwwuwc9e5wa15vbs4d9hxs0v8ue 0 4108 77933 69487 2021-08-19T03:16:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SinanPasha.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sinan Pasha </font>]] [[File:Prizren-Kosova 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sinan Pasha </font>]] [[Dosiye:Sinan Pasha Mosque, dome and minaret.jpg|thumb|umusigti wa '''Sinan Pasha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sinan Pasha ''' (izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]]: ''Xhamia e Sinan Pashës''; izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Синан Пашина Џамија''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Sinan Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Prizren]] muri [[Kosovo]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kosovo]] eo1vpwbdns98pbecnyl6pag4j5317d3 14 4109 67762 60993 2013-04-13T09:27:23Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 117 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6891421]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4110 78164 77584 2021-08-22T14:06:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Libya 5499 Gurgi Moschee Tripoli Luca Galuzzi 2007.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Gurgi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Gurgi Mosque Exterior Tripoli Libya.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Gurgi''']] [[Dosiye:Tripoli_-_Gurgi-Moschee_1833_bis_34_erbaut,_Minarett.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Gurgi''']] '''Umusigiti wa Gurgi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع قرجي''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tiripoli]] muri [[Libiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Libiya]] g6f6cs4q6u0us86vw1iwezf3vpxw8ha 0 4111 78391 77868 2021-08-24T11:04:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grande Mosquée de Rome.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Roma</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moschea di Roma 01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Roma]] [[Dosiye:Moschea_di_Roma_24.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Roma]] '''Umusigiti wa Roma''' cyangwa '''Umusigiti Mukuru w’i Roma''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]]: ''Moschea di Roma'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Roma]] muri [[Ubutaliyani]]. Hatashywe umusigiti mukuru w'Abasilamu wubatswe i Roma, Papa abanje kubyemera. Nawe akaba yarasabye ko Abagatulika nabo bemererwa kubaka za Kiliziya mu bihugu by'Abasilamu. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Butaliyani]] 223qijxb0jhdtwprn71mkfl1wkef5ql 14 4112 66158 62666 2013-03-11T11:03:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 151 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411125]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4113 78211 69266 2021-08-23T15:25:02Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chesham Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Chesham</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Chesham''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Chesham Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Chesham]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Dosiye:مسجد_جامع_چشام.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Chesham]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 7djxzp9do0wfelx9venbw7xx11dlafm 0 4114 78213 77519 2021-08-23T15:31:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Didsbury mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Didsbury</font>]] [[Dosiye:Didsbury mosque steeple.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Didsbury'' ]] [[Dosiye:Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_49584.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Didsbury]] '''Umusigiti wa Didsbury''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Didsbury Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Manchester]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] at26kyes81333guopk21n3jmrglq6nc 0 4115 78217 77533 2021-08-23T15:37:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fazl Moschee.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fazl</font>]] [[Dosiye:Fazl Mosque 2010.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Fazl 2010'']] [[Dosiye:Fazl_Mosque_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Fazl imbere]] '''Umusigiti wa Fazl''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Fazl Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[London ]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 31d64r3n659ixvtqv1lv72jk1vz5fiq 0 4116 77547 69306 2021-08-13T03:55:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Green Lane Mosque sym.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Green Lane</font>]] [[Dosiye:Green Lane Mosque baths end.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Green Lane'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Green Lane''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Green Lane Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Birmingham]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] nfx6kbye62kw6hy56ptozaholkek4nk 14 4117 66155 63240 2013-03-11T11:03:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 195 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8249]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4118 77801 69455 2021-08-17T03:37:10Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée012.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Paris</font>]] [[Dosiye:Minaret mosquee paris orage.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Paris'']] '''Umusigiti wa Paris''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande Mosquée de Paris'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Paris]] mu [[Bufaransa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bufaransa]] 3krv8fu8ua594n8zk8zyomiqj0go6rm 14 4119 66163 64534 2013-03-11T11:03:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 116 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611001]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4120 78175 78174 2021-08-23T02:38:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MasjidZahir001.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zahir</font>]] [[Dosiye:MasjidZahir.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zahir'']] [[Dosiye:Masjid Zahir IjoyIshak.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Zahir'']] '''Umusigiti wa Zahir''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Zahir'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kedah]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] m5lz2m0tdi0rwtpccqe494aydfnqset 0 4121 69458 66058 2015-03-04T09:51:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Putra Putrajaya Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Putra</font>]] [[File:Putrajaya Mosque 2288564202 525ee843c2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Putra</font>]] [[File:Putra Mosque 95164719 02daf597ec.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Putra</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Putra''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Putra'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Putrajaya]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] coh0be6bkrs4j58tki39yzawasxawjk 0 4122 77661 69348 2021-08-14T19:45:47Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kapitan Keling Mosque Penang Dec 2006 002.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kapitan Keling</font>]] [[Dosiye:Penang Malaysia Masjid-Kapitan-Keling-01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kapitan Keling'']] '''Umusigiti wa Kapitan Keling''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Kapitan Keling'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Penang]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] e06mgdzcfwpvd5492cc90sfc6nyhuew 0 4123 77939 70716 2021-08-19T03:28:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sultan Abdul Samad Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sulutani Abdul Samad]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Abdul Samad Jamek Mosque ceiling.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Abdul Samad''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Abdul Samad''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sultan Abdul Samad'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Selangor]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] 2iziu67uv021zu1zwgiealuseojm70d 0 4124 77677 77676 2021-08-15T06:16:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Kota Kinabalu city Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kota Kinabalu</font>]] [[Dosiye:KotaKinabalu Sabah CityMosque-00.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Kinabalu''']] [[Dosiye:City Mosque, Kota Kinabalu.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Kinabalu''']] '''Umusigiti wa Kota Kinabalu''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Bandar Kota Kinabalu'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sabah]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] a0rhe4ynjcptbno6osg99jqfwji2ofv 0 4125 77943 77942 2021-08-19T03:32:39Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pahang state mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Ahmad Shah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Ahmad Shah Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Ahmad Shah''' ]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Ahmad Shah State Mosque Side View 2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Ahmad Shah''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Ahmad Shah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sultan Ahmad Shah'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pahang]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] m12r7rgj6yt81uqbs0mwxxamds4jyk5 0 4126 69433 66060 2015-03-04T09:18:22Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:National Mosque KL 2007 pano.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Negara</font>]] [[File:National Mosque KL.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Negara</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Nusretiye''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Negara'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kuala Lumpur]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] a4xd5u3jxl2nk9pmc10xyel9mvnjlli 0 4127 77941 77940 2021-08-19T03:30:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Abu Bakar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque (560493914).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Abu Bakar''']] [[Dosiye:Sultan Abu Bakar Mosque - Entrance Gate.jpg|thumb|umuryango winjira mu musigiti wa '''Sultan Abu Bakar''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Abu Bakar''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Negeri Sultan Abu Bakar'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Johor]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] l240qha74au19q79qyhebj3akepckl0 0 4128 77945 69520 2021-08-19T03:34:43Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Sultan Ibrahim, Muar, Johor.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Ibrahim Jamek</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Ibrahim Jamek Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigitin wa '''Sultan Ibrahim Jamek''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Ibrahim Jamek''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Jamek Sultan Ibrahim'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Johor]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] 8xwnv24rxyfb8h5o2jv0sc7cczdveb9 0 4129 77660 74165 2021-08-14T19:44:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kampung Hulu Mosque.JPG|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kampung Hulu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid-Kampung-Hulu-2366.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kampung Hulu'']] '''Umusigiti wa Kampung Hulu''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Kampung Hulu'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Malaka]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] ghsnned6bqiemxytihorfz7535rmvy2 0 4130 77881 77880 2021-08-18T03:30:43Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Selat Melaka (7870872160).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Selat Melaka</font>]] [[Dosiye:Pulau Melaka (Masjid Selat Melaka).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Seelat Melaka]] [[Dosiye:Masjid selat melaka.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa selat melaka]] '''Umusigiti wa Selat Melaka''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Selat Melaka'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Malaka]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] sxyhl6l2mhtp5p9vd2zes5957f4luld 0 4131 78542 78540 2021-08-25T03:22:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UbudiahMosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ubudiah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Ubudiah.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''Ubudiah'']] [[Dosiye:Masjid Ubudiah Kuala Kangsar.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''Ubudiah'']] '''Umusigiti w’Ubudiah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Ubudiah'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Perak]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] 3gtsb2t6ls4u5of6alxki54t4ropav4 0 4132 78032 78031 2021-08-20T03:08:44Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA Blue Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Sultan Salahudin Abdul Aziz Shah Alam Malaysia (5384495109).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah''']] [[Dosiye:Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque - Shah Ala, Malaysia - panoramio - Chanilim714.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Selangor]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] 1rzp7zg3cfkp0yexyj8a4lqs3fekk34 0 4133 77459 69538 2021-08-10T16:26:09Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:As Syakirin Mosque, Kuala Lumpur.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa As Syakirin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Asy Syakirin.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''As Syakirin'']] '''Umusigiti wa As Syakirin''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid As Syakirin'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kuala Lumpur]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] st6brewb8fllqk704vhpxhh3rfufu5k 0 4134 77674 69371 2021-08-15T06:07:03Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cristal Mosque in Kuala Terengganu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kirisital</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Kristal.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kristal'']] '''Umusigiti wa Kirisital''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Kristal'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Terengganu]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] f4yu6oc6rstzpleih69uhzix2gp661w 0 4135 78050 78049 2021-08-20T03:31:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Floating Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tengku Tengah Zaharah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque by Fairus Khafiz.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Tengku Tengah Zaharah''']] [[Dosiye:Terengganu Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Tengku Tengah Zaharah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Tengku Tengah Zaharah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Tengku Tengah Zaharah'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Terengganu]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] snry8euhik1uh6qdibm88gtd2ltud7v 0 4136 73104 71792 2020-08-15T12:20:05Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paris - Eiffelturm und Marsfeld2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Paris</font>]] '''Paris''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w'[[Ubufaransa]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 2,22 miliyoni (2014). [[File:Reflet-tour-Eiffel-Paris-Luc-Viatour.jpg|thumb|Reflet-tour-Eiffel-Paris-Luc-Viatour]] <br><gallery> Paris-Seine-112-Petit Pont-2017-gje.jpg|Seine, Petit Pont Paris-Musee Guimet-104-Place d'Iena-2017-gje.jpg|Musée Guimet Paris-Palais du Luxembourg-110-2017-gje.jpg|Palais du Luxembourg Paris-Notre Dame-166-zum Chor-2017-gje.jpg|Notre Dame Galerie Lafayette Haussmann Dome.jpg|Galerie Lafayette Paris-Palais de Justice-114-Quai des Orfevres-2017-gje.jpg|Palais de Justice Paris-Rue Mouffetard-130-Meeresfruechte-2017-gje.jpg|Marché à la Rue Mouffetard Paris-von Montmartre-138-p14-2017-gje.jpg|Vue depuis Montmartre </gallery> [[Category:Ubufaransa]] [[Category:Imijyi y’u Bufaransa|Paris]] [[Category:Imirwa]] q09tvvlfrqzqlp5bnj31lxep4ni1z7k 0 4137 83612 81604 2022-05-15T21:36:50Z FireDragonValo 10873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berlin Interconti June 2006 001 (2 version).jpg|thumb|300px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Berlin</span>]] [[File:Germany_Laender_Berlin.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Berlin</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Berlin''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Ubudage]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Germany]] [[File:Siegessaeule_Aussicht_10-13_img4_Tiergarten.jpg|thumb|Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img4 Tiergarten]] [[File:Potsdamer_Platz,_Berlin,_160606,_ako_(1).jpg|thumb|Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, 160606, ako (1)]] [[Category:Ubudage]] [[Category:Imirwa]] e2c8riqvlrpanxcgj4xftcgf8p96jtu 0 4138 65954 59548 2013-03-11T10:57:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 33 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q488326]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DCongoSudKivu.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo</font>]] '''Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Province du Sud-Kivu'' ) [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 3ewnm4iasmeuy5gxavu5c3hey2h5jg5 0 4139 71318 65955 2017-12-24T12:14:00Z Ji-Elle 2552 +image wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DCongoNorthKivu.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[File:Femme récolte.jpg|thumb|left|Kivu y’Amajyaruguru]] '''Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Province du Nord-Kivu'' ) [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 3pjt0mka5stqkj8ba6r8hft2f1wgiay 0 4140 82526 79524 2022-04-17T01:58:44Z 41.186.78.87 Amakosa mumyandikire wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bagosora Diary Agenda 1992.jpg|thumb|Inyandiko za Bagosora zifuza kwica abatutsi bose]] '''Théoneste Bagosora''' (wavutse ku ya 16 Kanama 1941 - Ku ya 25 Nzeri 2021) yahoze ari umusirikare mukuru mu Rwanda. Azwi cyane cyane ku ruhare runini yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 , akaba yarakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n'urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw'u Rwanda (ICTR). Igihano cyagabanijwe kugeza ku myaka 35 y'igifungo mu bujurire. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Théoneste Bagosora |- !Yavutse |16 Kanama 1941 [[Giciye]], [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], u [[Rwanda]] |- !Urupfu |25 Nzeri 2021 (imyaka 80) [[Bamako]], [[Mali]] |- !Umwuga |Umusirikare mukuru |- !Imiterere y'icyaha |Afunzwe |- | colspan="2" | |- !Imyaka irakora |1964-1994 |- !Ishami rya gisirikare |[[Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda]] |- !Icyaha |Ibyaha bya Jenoside byibasiye inyokomuntu Ibyaha by'intambara |- !Igihano |Igifungo cya burundu |} == Amateka n'umwuga == Bagosora yavukiye i Giciye ahahoze ari Akarere ka Nyabihu , Intara y'Iburengerazuba , u Ruanda. Mu 1964 yarangije muri ''École des'' oficiales (Ishuri rya Ofisiye) i Kigali afite ipeti rya liyetona wa kabiri, akomeza amasomo ye mu Bufaransa. Mu mirimo ye ya gisirikare yabaye umuyobozi wa kabiri wa ''militaire ya École supérieure'' (Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare) i Kigali ndetse anayobora ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe. Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa ''minisitiri'' w'ingabo muri ''Directeur du cabinet'' (umuyobozi mukuru) muri Minisiteri y'Ingabo muri Kamena 1992. Nubwo yavuye ku gisirikare ku mugaragaro ku ya 23 Nzeri 1993, yagumanye uyu mwanya kugegau muri muri 1994. == Uruhare muri jenósido == <blockquote>Bigaragara ko, kugeza aho habaye umuteguro rusange wibikorwa byose, iri tandukaniro rigomba kujya kuri Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora. -  </blockquote>Bagosora yavukiye mu karere kamwe ko mu majyaruguru nka [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], perezida wu Rwanda kuva 1973 kugeza 1994. Yahujwe na '''Clan de Madame''' , nyuma uzwi nka''akazu'' , itsinda rifitanye isano Agathe Habyarimana, muka perezida, wari kuri neux yingengabitekerezo yapoder hutu. Nubwo yari yitabiriye imishyikirano ya Arusha Amasezerano muri Kanama 1993, ntabwo yigeze abemeza kandi avugwa cyane avuga ko, byose bimaze gusinywa, ko azasubira mu Rwanda "kwitegura imperuka." Luc Marchal , umusirikare mukuru w’umubiligi wabaye umuyobozi wumurenge wa Kigali muri [[UNAMIR]], yatangaje ko Bagosora yamubwiye ko inzira imwe rukumbi yo gukemura ibibazo by’u Rwanda ari ugukuraho Uwiteka abatutsis. Bagosora yari ashinzwe gushinga imitwe yitwara gisirikare "kwirwanaho" ,. Interahamwe, yakora muri komine zose zigihugu. Aya matsinda yagombaga gukora afatanije n’abapolisi baho, imitwe yitwara gisirikare ndetse n’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare. Bagosora yari ashinzwe kandi gukwirakwiza intwaro n'imipanga mu Rwanda. Hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, u Rwanda rwatumije imihoro irenga 500.000, bikubye kabiri ibyo byatumizaga mu myaka yashize.  Hakozwe urutonde rugaragaza abantu nkabanzi. Icyiciro cyashyizweho. Ahagana ku isaha ya saa 8.15 z'ijoro ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yari arimo asubira i Kigali nyuma y'inama ubwo su avión fue alcanzadona misile ebyiri zarashwe hasi. Indege yakoze impanuka, ihitana abantu bose bari bayirimo. Umwanya wa guverinoma z’Amerika n’u Rwanda ni uko misile zarashwe mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyagenzurwaga n’ingabo za Perezida. Amakuru y'urupfu rwa perezida yarakwirakwiriye maze ubwicanyi butangira. Nyuma y'ubwo bwicanyi, Koloneli Bagosora ari kumwe na Koloneli Rwagafilita bakusanyije abayoboke maze batumiza inama ya komite ishinzwe ibibazo.  Romeo Dallaire, umuyobozi w'umuryango w'abibumbye yaratumiwe, agezeyo gushaka ubuyobozi bukuru bw'ingabo z'u Ruanda.  Dallaire yanze icyifuzo cya Bagosora cyo gusaba ko ingabo zigenzura ibibazo bya politiki kugeza igihe bazishyikiriza abanyapolitiki kandi amwibutsa ko u Ruanda rugifite guverinoma iyobowe na Minisitiri w'intebeAgathe Uwilingiyimana. Bagosora yasubije ko adashoboye kuyobora igihugu. Nyuma yamasaha make, Madame Agathe yiciwe numugabo we nabagize ingabo za perezida ningabo.  Bagosora sorprende a kunanirwa gushaka ko ingabo zifata umwanya wa guverinoma, iryo tsinda ryatangiye gufata guverinoma y'agateganyo. Guverinoma y'agateganyo yari itsinda ry'amashyaka menshi, ariko yose yaturutse mu bice bitoroshye by'amashyaka yabo. Ubwicanyimanguera bwatangiye mu gihugu. Abatutsi benshi bakomeye hamwe nabahutu bashyira mu gaciro bahise bicwa, amazina yabo na aderesi zabo bari kurutonde.Radio Millegukwirakwiza ubukangurambaga ku bwicanyi. Amakamyo yatangiye kuhagera gukusanya imirambo myinshi. Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 7 Mata, ingabo z’amahoro icumi z’Ababiligi zari zirinze Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe kandi wiboneye ko ingabo za leta zagoswe aho yari atuye, zambuwe intwaro maze zijyanwa mu nkambi ya Kigali, nko muri metero 200 uvuye aho Koloneli Bagosora yari akorera inama. y'abasirikare bakuru. Ingabo z’amahoro zishwe mu masaha menshi n’abasirikare. Mu buhamya bwe, Koloneli Bagosora yemeye ko yitabiriye aho ubwo bwicanyi bwakorwaga, nubwo yavuze ko nta kintu na kimwe yari gukora ngo ahagarike ubwo bwicanyi.Nkuko byari byitezwe, urupfu rw’abasirikare icumi b’amahoro mu Bubiligi rwatumye benshi mu ngabo z’amahoro bava mu Rwanda, bituma inzira y’ubwo bwicanyi ikorwa neza. Mu minsi 100 yakurikiyeho, abantu bishwe ku buryo butangaje. Umubare w'abapfuye uri hagati ya 800.000 na 1.000.000, ukurikije inkomoko. Imbere yo kwivanga kw'ingabotutsi mu gusubiza jenoside, Bagosora yahungiye mu muturanyi Zaire. "Kugaburirwa no kurindwacampos de refugiados con elGushyigikira miliyoni y'amadolari mu imfashanyo mpuzamahanga, abayobozi Hutu Power bashoboye inama buri igenamigambi gushaka abayoboke bashya. "  Ku Bagosora n'umwete uruhare, bari kubaka inzego zabo gisirikare hagamijwe kurangiza Abatutsi. === Urubanza rw'Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda === Urupapuro rwo mu gitabo cya Théoneste Bagosora kuva muri Gashyantare 1992 rwerekana ibintu bigize gahunda ya "kwirwanaho kw'abaturage". Nyuma, Bagosora yimukiye muri Kameruni hamwe nabandi bayobozi benshi b'Abahutu. Aho niho yafungiweAndré Ntagerura. Mu 1997, yagaragaye bwa mbere mbere yu (ICTR) muri Arusha , Tanzania, guhangana n'ibyaha cumi na bitatu by'ibyaha 11 mpuzamahanga bitandukanye, bishingiye ku mategeko ya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu n'ibyaha by'intambara. Urubanza rwahurijwe hamwe n’abandi basirikare bakuru batatu bashinjwaga kuba bafatanije umugambi rwatangiye ku ya 2 Mata 2002. Mu rubanza rwe, hagaragajwe ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko mu 1991 we hamwe n’abandi baregwa hamwe bafashije gutegura inyandiko ivuga ko ubwoko bw’abatutsi ari "umwanzi mukuru" wakwirakwijwe cyane mu gisirikare. Bashinjwaga kandi gushyigikira itangazamakuru rishinzwe gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwanga no gukora urutonde rw’abahohotewe. Urubanza rwasojwe ku ya 1 Kamena 2007, nyuma y’imyaka itanu, Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora akomeje kuba umwere. Ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2008 , [[Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda]] yatangaje Bagosora n'abandi basirikare bakuru babiri bo mu ngabo z'u Rwanda ,. Aloys Ntabakuze na koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva , icyaha genocidio , crímenes de lesa humanidad na crímenes de guerra aramukatira cadena perpetua.  Mu butegetsi ko igifungo yari igihano gikwiye kuko Bagosora, abacamanza urubanza batatu bemeje ko "imibabaro y'abantu yari amahero bitewe n'ibyaha ko ashobora gusa kuba byaramaze amutegeka yabo uruhushya."  Urukiko rwatangaje ko Bagosora yari "umutegetsi ukomeye muri Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Rwanda, afite ububasha ku ngabo" nyuma yaasesinato del presidente Habyarimana.  Urukiko rwemeje ko Bagosora yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, ingabo 10 z’amahoro z’Ababiligi zari zirinze Minisitiri w’intebe i Camp Kigali, Perezida w’urukiko rw’itegeko nshinga Joseph Kavaruganda n’abayobozi batatu bakomeye batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi,Faustin. Rucogoza , Frederic Nzamurambaho na Landoald Ndasingwa. Byongeye kandi, urukiko rwasanze Bagosora ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gutegura ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi muriKigali na Gisenyi.. Icyakora, urukiko rw’ibanze rwemeje ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ko ibyabaye mbere y’itariki ya 6 Mata byasobanurwa gusa n’umugambi wa Bagosora wagiranye n’abandi, kuko yagizwe umwere ku cyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside mbere y’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 Mu myanzuro ya nyuma y’urubanza, uwahoze ari Coloneli Theoneste Bagosora yahamijwe ibyaha 10 by’ibyaha umunani bitandukanye birimo jenoside, ibyaha bibiri by’ubwicanyi (kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda n’icyaha cy’amahoro), gutsemba, gufata ku ngufu, gutotezwa, ibindi bikorwa by’ubumuntu, bibiri ibara. kuva ku ihohoterwa kugeza mu buzima (umwe ku Banyarwanda undi ku kubungabunga amahoro), ndetse no kurakara ku cyubahiro cye. == Reba == {{DEFAULTSORT:Bagosora, Théoneste}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kg6lunoogtos3asmlcq661bnmg6ycea 0 4141 17467 2011-01-09T03:31:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubufaransa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubufaransa]] nr7hl02oqm55iavexber1cqle931qed 0 4142 17468 2011-01-09T03:31:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Théoneste Bagosora]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Théoneste Bagosora]] 3rt8j18egbh3zy6sr0vxdnztgwzniub 0 4146 17474 2011-01-09T03:40:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 4147 76537 76070 2021-07-27T14:08:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernard Makuza''' (wavutse 30 Nzeri 1962) ni umunyapolitiki wo [[Dosiye:The_Vice_President,_Shri_M._Hamid_Ansari_being_bid_farewell_by_the_President_of_Senate_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Mukuza_Bernard,_at_Kigali_International_Airport,_in_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_February_21,_2017.jpg|thumb|Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2017, Visi Perezida, Bwana M. Hamid Ansari asezera kuri Perezida wa Sena y'u Rwanda, Bwana Mukuza Bernard, ku Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Kigali.]] mu [[Rwanda]] wabaye [[Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda]] kuva ku ya 8 Werurwe 2000 kugeza ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2011. Yabaye kandi Perezida wa [[Sena y'u Rwanda]] kuva ku ya 14 Ukwakira 2014 kugeza ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019. [[Dosiye:Bernard_Makuza.JPG|thumb|126x126px|Minisitiri Bernard Makuza]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Se wa Makuza yari Anastase Makuza, wabaye minisitiri mu gihe cya [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Kimwe na se, Bernard Makuza yitabiriye [[Seminari Ntagatifu ya Mutagatifu Léon ya Kabgayi|Seminari Nto ya Saint Léon ya Kabgayi]] . == Umwuga == Makuza yari umwe mu bari bagize [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi|ishyaka riharanira demokarasi]] (MDR) mbere yuko ishyaka risenywa ku ya 14 Mata 2003 kubera amateka yaryo yo guteza imbere ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Makuza yeguye ku kuba umunyamuryango wa MDR mbere yo kugirwa Minisitiri w’intebe. Mu 2006, muri manda ye ya Minisitiri w’intebe, Makuza yerekanye ko nta shyaka abarizwamo. Makuza yari Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] hanyuma aba Ambasaderi mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] mbere yo kugirwa Minisitiri w’intebe muri Werurwe 2000. Ishyirwaho rye kuri uyu mwanya wa nyuma na Perezida [[Pasteur Bizimungu]] ryakurikiye ukwegura kwa Minisitiri w’intebe [[Pierre-Célestin Rwigema]], wari wanenzwe cyane mu binyamakuru byo mu Rwanda ndetse na bamwe mu badepite. Makuza yagumye ku buyobozi bwa guverinoma nshya yitiriwe ku ya 8 Werurwe 2008, yari igizwe n'abaminisitiri 21 n'abanyamabanga batandatu ba Leta. == Sena == Ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2011, Perezida Kagame yashyizeho [[Pierre Habumuremyi]] asimbuye Makuza kuba Minisitiri w’intebe. Makuza ahubwo yagizwe [[Sena y'u Rwanda|Sena]]. Muri Sena, Makuza yabaye Visi-Perezida ushinzwe amategeko no kugenzura guverinoma. Nyuma yaje gutorerwa kuba Perezida wa Sena, amajwi 25 kuri 26 ashyigikiwe kandi nta mukandida utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, arahira ku ya 14 Ukwakira 2014. {{DEFAULTSORT:Makuza, Bernard}} [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 1q5ku5wwiod6220bwzpen2c1jk225im 0 4148 81742 77221 2022-01-31T11:36:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Frank Habineza 2016-12-08.jpg|thumb|Frank Habineza]] [[Dosiye:Green Party of the United States social media logo.svg|thumb|umuyobozi wa Green party]] '''Frank Habineza''' yavukiye I Mityana muri [[Uganda]] <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200911120762.html "No New Ideas From Chairman of New Party in Rwanda"], ''Focus Media'', 12 Ugushyingo 2009</ref> mu 1977, ni [[umunyapolitiki]] w’[[umunyarwanda]]. Ni umwe mu bashinze ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] <ref name="HRW_210710"><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/07/20/rwanda-allow-independent-autopsy-opposition-politician "Rwanda: Allow Independent Autopsy of Opposition Politician"], Human Rights Watch, 21 Nyakanga 2010</ref> , <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"/> , aribera perezida wa mbere, kugeza n’ubu ni we ukiriyobora. Amashuri ye yayize muri [[Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] I [[Butare]] <ref name="AllAfrica_121109"/>. Yashinze ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] muri [[Kanama]] 2009, iri rikaba ritavuga rumwe na Leta iyobowe na FPR. Benshi mu bashinze [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] ni abahoze ari abanyamuryango ba FPR <ref name="HRW_210710"/> bakaza kuyivamo. Muri [[Werurwe]] 2010, Habineza yabaye “umutumirwa w’icubahiro muri Kaminuza ny’[[Afurika]] yita ku bidukikije y’I [[Rabat]] muri [[Maroke]] <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu gifaransa)</span>[http://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/MHinternet/Archives_833/html_833/ensemble.html "Ensemble pour défendre l’écologie"], ''Maroc Hebdo''</ref> . Iyi nama yari mu rwego rwo kugirango amashyaka aharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije yo muri Afurika ahurize hamwe imbaraga. Ukwezi kwakurikiyeho yahise atorerwa kuba perezida wa komite nshingabikorwa mu ishyirahamwe ry’amashyaka aharanira ibidukikije muri Afurika. <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://rwandinfo.com/eng/rwanda-green-party-leader-frank-habineza-elected-president-of-african-greens-federation/ "Rwanda Green Party Leader Frank Habineza Elected President of African Greens Federation"], RwandaInfo</ref> Ishyaka [[Parti Vert Démocratique]] Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] ntiraryemerera gukora byemewe n’amategeko, ibi bikaba byaratumye rititabira amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu yabaye muri Kanama 2010. Ibi kandi byatumye iri shyaka ritabasha kujya ribona uburenganzira bwo gukora amanama. Mu Kwakira 2009 imwe mu manama y’iri shyaka yahagaritswe na [[Polisi y’Igihugu]]. Muri [[Nyakanga]] 2010, visi perezida w’iri shyaka, [[André Kagwa Rwisereka]], yatahuwe yaciwe umutwe. Habineza yasabye ko habaho iperereza mpuzamahanga ryigenga. <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201007150500.html "Rwanda: Opposition Wants Probe Into Politician's Death"], Radio France Internationale, 15 Nyakanga 2010</ref> , <ref><span style="color:grey;">(mu cyongereza)</span>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/14/rwanda-opposition-politician-found-dead "Rwandan opposition leader found dead"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 14 Nyakanga 2010</ref> == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Habineza, Frank}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 0m95jptr0ezafigxfu3rl3tjhp4kaln 0 4149 17485 2011-01-09T04:04:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Frank Habineza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Frank Habineza]] h6kyfxq7anyl7pqgiyndzc397r5jop6 0 4152 17488 2011-01-09T04:12:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[James Kabarebe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[James Kabarebe]] 0ium0fytnokoo45n75mu8dssjuamlnc 0 4153 78953 76297 2021-08-30T06:18:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ladsous 4 (7999967566).jpg|thumb|Kabarebe meet with Herve Ladsous and MONUSCO SRSG Roger Meece]] [[Dosiye:Ladsous_1_(7999969669).jpg|thumb|Ladsous na Kabarebe]] [[Jenerali]] '''James Kabarebe''' ni [[umunyarwanda]]. Yabaye Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u [[Rwanda]]. Mbere yaho yabaye umugaba w'ihuriro ry' ingabo zigamije kubohora [[Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo]]. Kuri ubu ni Umujyanama wa perezida mu bya gisirikare . [[Dosiye:James_Kabarebe.jpg|thumb|James Kabarebe]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabarebe, James}} [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] euwm71m3rsih49ruvv08ej2yxvtbpir 0 4156 81456 78453 2022-01-31T10:52:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AFDB Logo.png|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere</span>]] '''Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere''' (BAD''Banque Africaine De Développement'' ). [[Dosiye:AfricanBankLogo.png|center|thumb|480x480px|Banki ya africa]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Amabanki]] fgmggb9g298cplh01wcnfnl7xk9w8zg 14 4157 67504 63432 2013-04-02T19:00:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7393030]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukungu]] iea8l6dvgueybw4mxe0tsoew14jcasp 0 4158 17496 2011-01-09T04:34:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere]] jn5ixgr8jix8o1ubsuuq1boeb6e7pu8 0 4164 17504 2011-01-09T04:53:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Landoald Ndasingwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Landoald Ndasingwa]] 67ighvze8gntqivrnlvs3akw2caks8c 0 4165 77389 75321 2021-08-10T01:46:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|thumb|politic]] '''Landoald Ndasingwa''' uzwi ku izina rya '''Lando''' yari [[umunyapolitiki]] w’[[umunyarwanda]], akaba yari umuyobozi w’ ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira n’ ukwizana (PL). Yishwe mw’ ikubitiro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] ku itariki [[7 Mata]] [[1994]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ndasingwa, Landoald}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] soll8ps0e2d8im1gif3igeq9x2ij4ug 0 4166 17509 2011-01-09T04:59:03Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] to [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda]]: true apost wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] fu3mn6o1p403qoaasogs6csv3h3nw5m 14 4170 65885 62986 2013-03-11T10:55:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 184 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8259]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons|Category:Literature}} [[Category:Indimi]] [[Category:Ubugeni]] 0106p75ml1m92gzgc3h5ks3al2qg94f 0 4171 81317 76335 2022-01-05T18:10:55Z 2A03:2880:31FF:1C:0:0:FACE:B00C wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubuvanganzo''' '''Ubuvanganzo nyarwanda''' harimo ibisigo, [[amazina y'inka]], [[ibyivugo]], [[ibisingizo]], [[ibihozo]], [[imigani miremire]], [[ibitekerezo]], [[imigani migufi]] (imigenurano), [[inshoberamahanga]], [[insigamigani]], [[Dosiye:Children's_Section_of_Library.jpg|thumb|isomero ry'abana ry'ubuvanganzo n'indimi]] [[ibisakuzo]], [[amavumvu]], [[amasare]], [[amahigi]], [[amagorane]], [[ibitongero]] (mu kuragura, guterekera, gutukura umwana, kwambika imana zeze, [[Dosiye:Francisco_Javier-Fabrice_Olmedo.jpg|thumb|Inzobere mu kwandika ibigendanye n'indimi n'ubuvanganzo Francisco Javier Olmedo]] guhura, kugangahura, guhanura, kugombora, kuroga n’ibindi) == == *[[Ubuvanganzo nyemvugo]] [[Category:Ubuvanganzo| ]] 72ngk3wrkh5ll0vxvocenzxzt6lwtzu 0 4172 17540 2011-01-09T15:24:04Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Kaminuza nkuru y`u Rwanda]] to [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]: true apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] fih5esxyfm7pof2x41heily8hkjtm1m 14 4176 67713 61538 2013-04-13T08:26:25Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 109 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7217320]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abahanzi]] [[Category:Umuziki]] j82xg3alybysgz0845sd2umqbw9z2hf 14 4177 65884 58980 2013-03-11T10:55:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 80 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6442246]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubugeni]] c6wqjrkwsg3nl6a5sa48eefas10lqa4 14 4178 65892 63589 2013-03-11T10:56:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 183 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4104783]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons|Category:Art}} [[Category:Categories]] 7vp6oepuddionuzv29lrbys4uldtui0 0 4180 17577 2011-01-09T16:28:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubugande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugande]] ap6n9wt71kvux00u65a3r9ows5oetil 0 4181 79187 77353 2021-08-31T10:23:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Osasco19fev2016.JPG|310px|right|thumb| Osasco, São Paulo, Brasil: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] [[File: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |70px|left]] [[Dosiye:Arco de Osasco - Natal.jpg|thumb|'''Osasco''']] [[Dosiye:Bandeira_de_Osasco.svg|thumb|The fiag of Osasco]] '''Osasco''' [''O'zascu''] ni [[umujyi]] w’u [[Burezile]]. == Links == * http://www.osasco.sp.gov.br * https://web.archive.org/web/20080530101138/http://www.osascobrazil.com/ * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Osasco Commons:Osasco] [[Category:Imijyi y’u Burezile]] [[Category:Burezile]] lv46olyzuic1kh8ykkrky2l8qngbrzz 14 4183 70740 67898 2016-10-31T00:01:39Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q11279]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 14 4188 65918 61154 2013-03-11T10:56:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 145 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411621]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4194 17651 2011-01-09T19:26:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ncl4xj0qqgsplby5nctfgndqit5bomk 0 4195 78062 74867 2021-08-20T10:08:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michael Jackson in Vegas cropped-2.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Michael Jackson</font>]] [[Dosiye:Michael_Jackson_1988_Photoshoped.jpg|thumb|Michael Jackson 1988 ]] '''Michael Jackson''' cyangwa '''Michael Joe Jackson''' ([[29 Kanama]] [[1958]] – [[25 Kamena]] [[2009]]). ==Imiyoboro== * [http://www.igihe.com/news-3-3-55.html UMWAMI WA POP Michael Jackson 1958-2009] [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 8z0tts6k1aks1sc1jzto46240k49hlf 14 4202 81297 66140 2021-12-20T19:44:46Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Rwanda-100Francs.jpg|Rwanda-100Francs.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Christian Ferrer|Christian Ferrer]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Banknotes of Rwanda|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Amabanki]] qx1to56gkiagfxegwevl9mxdqaywpz4 0 4203 81367 78961 2022-01-21T19:30:31Z НСНУ 10569 Masedoniya ya Ruguru wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dinar.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Idenari</font>]] [[Dosiye:10NewDinars-1994-2.jpg|thumb|Inote y'icumi y'Idenari]] '''Idenari''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | BHD || 048 || [[Idenari rya Bahireyini]] || [[Bahirayini]] |- | DZD || 012 || [[Idenari rya Aligeriya]] || [[Aligeriya]] |- | IQD || 368 || [[Idenari rya Iraki]] || [[Irake]] |- | JOD || 400 || [[Idenari rya Yorudaniya]] || [[Yorudani]] |- | KWD || 414 || [[Idenari rya Koweti]] || [[Koweti]] |- | LYD || 434 || [[Idenari rya Libiya]] || [[Libiya]] |- | MKD || 807 || [[Idenari rya Masedoniya]] || [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] |- | TND || 788 || [[Idenari rya Tunisiya]] || [[Tunisiya]] |} [[Category:Amafaranga]] c2cd1d7s32deyvsxh3eezcueshd7oj8 0 4204 66143 57098 2013-03-11T11:03:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 29 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q572664]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20 dirham 1996 back.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Idiramu rya Maroke</font>]] '''Idiramu''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''درهم''', ubuke : '''دراهم‎''') {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | AED || 784 || [[Idiramu UAE]] || [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] |- | AMD || 051 || [[Idiramu rya Arumeniya]] || [[Arumeniya]] |- | MAD || 504 || [[Idiramu rya Maroke]] || [[Maroke]], [[Sahara y’Uburengerazuba]] |} [[Category:Amafaranga]] hutnkko0x437ub1ialpit7wdscq8xl4 0 4205 77189 68446 2021-08-09T03:42:18Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:United States one dollar bill, obverse.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika</font>]] [[Dosiye:Confederate 100 Dollars.jpg|thumb|amadolari]] '''Idolari''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | AUD || 036 || [[Idolari rya Ositaraliya]] || [[Ositaraliya]], [[Kiribati]], [[Nawuru]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tuvalu]] |- | BBD || 052 || [[Idolari rya Barubadosi]] || [[Barubadosi]] |- | BMD || 060 || [[Idolari rya Berimuda]] || [[Berimuda]] |- | BSD || 044 || [[Idolari rya Bahamasi]] || [[Bahamasi]] |- | BZD || 084 || [[Idolari rya Belize]] || [[Belize]] |- | CAD || 124 || [[Idolari rya Kanada]] || [[Kanada]] |- | FJD || 242 || [[Idolari Fiji]] || [[Fiji]] |- | GYD || 328 || [[Idolari rya Guyana]] || [[Giyana]] |- | HKD || 344 || [[Idolari Hongo Kongo]] || [[Hongo Kongo]] |- | JMD || 388 || [[Idolari rya Jamayika]] || [[Jamayika]] |- | KYD || 136 || [[Idolari ry’Ibirwa bya Kayimani]] || [[Ibirwa bya Kayimani]] |- | LRD || 430 || [[Idolari rya Liberiya]] || [[Liberiya]] |- | NAD || 516 || [[Idolari rya Namibiya]] || [[Namibiya]] |- | NZD || 554 || [[Idolari Zelande Nshya]] || [[Ibirwa bya Kuke]], [[Nuveli Zelande]], [[Niyuwe]], [[Piticayirine]], [[Tokelawu]] |- | SBD || 090 || [[Idolari ry’Ibirwa bya Salomoni]] || [[Ibirwa bya Solomoni]] |- | SGD || 702 || [[Idolari rya Singapuru]] || [[Singapore]], [[Buruneyi]] |- | SRD || 968 || [[Idolari rya Surinamu]] || [[Surinamu]] |- | TTD || 780 || [[Idolari rya Tirinida na Tobago]] || [[Tirinida na Tobago]] |- | TWD || 901 || [[Idolari rya Tayiwani Nshya]] || [[Tayiwani]] |- | USD || 840 || [[Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], [[Samowa Nyamerika]], [[Teritwari y’Inyanja y’Abahinde Nyongereza]], [[Antiye za Nederilande]], [[Ekwadoro]], [[Saluvadoro]], [[Gwami]], [[Hayiti]], [[Ibirwa bya Marishali]], [[Mikoronesiya]], [[Ibirwa bya Mariyana y’Amajyaruguru]], [[Palawu]], [[Panama]], [[Puwerito Riko]], [[Timoro-Lesite]], [[Ibirwa bya Takisi na Kayikosi]], [[Ibirwa bya Virigini]], [[Berimuda]] |- | USN || 997 || Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (Umunsi ukurikira) || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] |- | USS || 998 || Idolari rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (Umunsi umwe) || [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] |- | VND || 704 || [[Idongi rya Viyetinamu]] || [[Viyetinamu]] |- | XCD || 951 || [[Idolari rya Karayibe y’Uburasirazuba]] || [[Angwiya]], [[Antigwa na Baribuda]], [[Dominika]], [[Gerenada]], [[Monserati]], [[Mutagatifu Kitsi na Nevisi]], [[Mutagatifu Lusiya (Leta)|Mutagatifu Lusiya]], [[Mutagatifu Visenti na Gerenadine]] |- | ZWL || 932 || [[Idolari rya Zimbabwe]] || [[Zimbabwe]] |} [[Category:Amafaranga]] atfqy8imv8we4aozqci2uhhgjvchp5u 0 4206 68448 68285 2013-11-09T13:29:32Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q5483798]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rial Sign.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Iriyali mu cyarabu</font>]] '''Iriyali''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | IRR || 364 || [[Iriyali ry’Irani]] || [[Irani]] |- | OMR || 512 || [[Iriyali rya Omani]] || [[Omani]] |- | QAR || 634 || [[Iriyali rya Katari]] || [[Katari]] |- | SAR || 682 || [[Iriyali ry’Arabiya Sawudite]] || [[Arabiya Sawudite]] |- | YER || 886 || [[Iriyali rya Yemeni]] || [[Yemeni]] |} [[Category:Amafaranga]] 186jmowknzmpknzmeledij1h4drbhot 0 4207 77190 72424 2021-08-09T03:44:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Billets de 5000.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafaranga</font>]] [[File:Gold bullion bars.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Zahabu]] irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkubwoko bwamafaranga]] [[Dosiye:5 Malagasy franc (1953).jpg|thumb|amafaranga yo muri madagascar]] '''Ifaranga''' ni ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bishobora kugurwa ibindi bicuruzwa byose. Ibicuruzwa byose by'imirimo y'abantu biratangwa kandi biguranwa hifashishijwe amafaranga. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! itegekongenga !! umubare !! faranga rizamo !! ibihugu |- | BIF || 108 || [[Ifaranga ry’Uburundi]] || [[Uburundi]] |- | CDF || 976 || [[Ifaranga rya Kongo]] || [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] |- | CHF || 756 || [[Ifaranga ry’Ubusuwisi]] || [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Liyeshitensiteyine]] |- | DJF || 262 || [[Ifaranga rya Jibuti]] || [[Jibuti]] |- | GNF || 324 || [[Ifaranga rya Gineya]] || [[Gineya]] |- | KMF || 174 || [[Ifaranga rya Komore]] || [[Komore]] |- | MGA || 969 || [[Ifaranga rya Madagasikari]] || [[Madagasikari]] |- | RWF || 646 || [[Ifaranga ry’Urwanda]] || [[Rwanda]] |- | XFU || Nil || [[Ifaranga-UIC]] || [[International Union of Railways]] |- | XOF || 952 || [[Ifaranga CFA BCEAO]] || [[Bene]], [[Burukina Faso]], [[Kote Divuwari]], [[Guneya-Biso]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeri]], [[Senegali]], [[Togo]] |- | XPF || 953 || [[Ifaranga CFP]] || [[Polinesiya Nyamfaransa]], [[Nuveli Kalidoniya]], [[Walisi na Fatuna]] |} [[Category:Amafaranga]] tmq1tocvhu6pmtfbyac0hw7cjhw8ja5 0 4208 75232 69217 2021-03-21T09:59:45Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing PulKhishti_Mosque.jpg with [[File:Pul-i-Khishti_Mosque.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]] (maintenance or bug fix)). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pul-i-Khishti Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pul-e Khishti </font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Pul-e Khishti''' (izina mu [[gipushito]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kabul]] muri [[Afuganisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Afuganisitani]] 1jkggraab1f1abw847d8xuv211ssh74 14 4209 66139 62480 2013-03-11T11:02:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455325]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4210 78145 77667 2021-08-22T12:19:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Algiers cathedral 1899.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ketchaoua</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ketchaoua.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ketchaoua''']] [[Dosiye:Minaret_de_la_mosqué_Ketchaoua.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ketchaoua]] '''Umusigiti wa Ketchaoua''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع كتشاوة‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Algiers]] muri [[Aligeriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Aligeriya]] 2a4kjo1bg402oknu1atkdqrq9mag271 0 4211 78533 78532 2021-08-25T03:15:26Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Auburn Gallipoli</font>]] [[Dosiye:Auburn NSW 2144, Australia - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''Auburn Gallipoli'' ]] [[Dosiye:Auburn NSW 2144, Australia - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|umusigoto w' ''Auburn Gallipoli'' ]] '''Umusigiti w’Auburn Gallipoli''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Auburn Gallipoli Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Auburn]] muri [[Ositaraliya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Ositaraliya]] 8d2b5o6o5jbdvpsq9fq6ngfvmqggpe2 0 4212 77683 77682 2021-08-15T06:26:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Eid Prayer at Lakemba Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Lakemba'' ]] [[Dosiye:مسجد امام علی ابن ابی طالب در حال ساخت.png|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Lakemba bari kuwubaka muri 1970'']] '''Umusigiti wa Lakemba''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Lakemba Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Lakemba]] muri [[Ositaraliya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Ositaraliya]] sdustgz96y5wz0ninxk2s9kw1mms0vi 0 4213 77445 77110 2021-08-10T15:42:04Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:New Mosque, Istanbul, from Bosphorus.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Fateh]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Fateh''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الفاتح‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Manama]] muri [[Bahirayini]]. [[Dosiye:Manama_al-Fateh_Grand_Mosque_Exterior_Norden_2.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa al-Fateh Grand Mosque]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bahirayini]] m7aw50sal9q7di9zotbe1y634ongnfu 14 4214 67722 67707 2013-04-13T08:36:53Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7009036]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4215 78597 77477 2021-08-25T11:21:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bayt al Mukarram.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitul Mukarram</font>]] [[Dosiye:Inside view of Baitul Mukarram National Mosque.jpg|thumb|mo imbere mu musigiti wa '''Baitul Mukarram''']] [[Dosiye:বায়তুল_মোকাররম_04.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Baitul Mukarram]] '''Umusigiti wa Baitul Mukarram''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''বায়তুল মোকাররম''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] mg610wvvj2swptr5dj8jbios5igkt0g 0 4216 69492 65854 2015-03-04T10:01:33Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shat Gombuj Mosque (ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ) 002.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Shat Gombuj</font>]] [[File:Bagerhat (Mosque City).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Shat Gombuj</font>]] [[File:Shat Gombuj Mosque (ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ) 003.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Shat Gombuj</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Shat Gombuj''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ''' ''Shaṭ Gombuj Moshjid'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bagerhat]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] hgfqfbqpi11mgagfmfthvarkoe116cc 0 4217 69349 65853 2015-03-04T08:28:04Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karadjozbeg.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Karagoz</font>]] [[File:Mostar Karadjoz Beg Moschee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Karagoz</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Karagoz''' (izina mu [[kinyabosiniya]] na [[kinyakorowasi]]: ''Karađozbegova džamija''; izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Карађозбегова џамија''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Karagöz Mehmed Bey Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mostar]] muri [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]]. [[File:Karagoez-davul-Hacivat-zurna.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Karagoz na Hacivat</font>]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] 29pxi80ooo87sczsylq96g2xb9ism2p 14 4218 67482 61728 2013-04-02T18:57:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8912953]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4219 77946 70940 2021-08-19T03:35:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque; 2002.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin</font>]] [[File:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque with the ceremonial ship.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin mu ijoro''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] muri [[Buruneyi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Buruneyi]] 25va2i6thk38akh427nttkph9pxiui2 14 4220 65925 61629 2013-03-11T10:56:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 167 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411064]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika ya Ruguru]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gac4cqbc7fj1pint4ffg8pz3chgych0 0 4221 78560 69498 2021-08-25T07:05:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ahmadiyya Mosque 05a.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitun Nur</font>]] [[File:Ahmadiyya Mosque 13.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitun Nur</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Baitun Nur''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Baitun Nur mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alberta]] muri [[Kanada]]. [[Dosiye:Baitun_Nur_Mosque_in_Calgary,_Alberta,_Jul_2017.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Baitun Nur]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kanada]] nq3umy8azi7x080twscbtkzydeb2h6i 0 4222 78403 69272 2021-08-24T11:52:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dongguan mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kocatepe</font>]] [[File:Dongguan mosque Xining.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pul</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kocatepe''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''东关清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qinghai]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Dosiye:西宁东关清真大寺.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Dongguan]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] av70ppsgu628yed7265y1v891d4fhel 0 4223 69322 65928 2015-03-04T07:56:28Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Niujie Mosques02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Niujie</font>]] [[File:Niujie Mosques03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Niujie</font>]] [[File:Niujie Mosque01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Niujie</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Niujie''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''牛街清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Beijing]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] 4210uvvkjyf26h15veegvukcoc7j832 0 4224 77594 69228 2021-08-14T04:18:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kashgar-mezquita-id-kah-d01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Id Kah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Id Kah Mosque (24052287545).jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa '''Id Kah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Id Kah''' (izina mu [[cyuyiguru]] '''قەشقەر ھېيتگاھ مەسچىتى'''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''艾提尕尔''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kashgar]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] du0t46ajxmydidsra3kw3l66z3846zd 0 4225 78118 69550 2021-08-21T03:20:59Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:西安大清真寺主殿 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Xi’an</font>]] [[File:Xi'an Great Mosque prayer hall.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Xi’an</font>]] [[Dosiye:西安清真大寺大殿.jpg|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Xi’an</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Xi’an''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''西安大清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shaanxi]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] 1cpmhauvyupphd8kkq1a61115g4hkg2 0 4226 77686 69245 2021-08-15T06:35:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A new Muslim Mosque in Lhasa.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lhasa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosques in Lhasa3.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Lhasa]] '''Umusigiti wa Lhasa''' (izina mu [[kinyatibeti]] '''?'''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tibet]] muri [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] h6fyqxwfno3rilhzp5preey8bi58yaj 0 4227 69399 65924 2015-03-04T08:55:08Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre 2005 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kowloon</font>]] [[File:Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre from East 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kowloon</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kowloon''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''九龍清真寺暨伊斯蘭中心''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hongo Kongo]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] 8w3hli4hitt5cfgi5jkygjqh292mj2t 0 4228 69344 65919 2015-03-04T08:27:12Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shelley Street Temple1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamia </font>]] [[File:HK Shelley Street Jamia Mosque 回教清真禮拜總堂 name.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamia </font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Jamia ''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''些利街清真寺''' cyangwa '''回教清真禮拜總堂''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hongo kongo]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] jbkg10d4cs1neloz01h5qjm3oimz5bg 0 4229 77794 77793 2021-08-17T03:22:46Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SMH Mosquee Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1596.jpg|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Omar Ibn Al-Khattab</font>]] [[Dosiye:SMH Mosquee Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1582.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Omar Ibn Al-Khattab''']] '''Umusigiti wa Omar Ibn Al-Khattab''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]]: ''Mezquita de Omar Ibn Al-Jattab'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[La Guajira]] muri [[Kolombiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kolombiya]] cbm4rpjh3om969khwnw0emv0kvgg33b 14 4230 66035 62609 2013-03-11T11:00:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 156 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411674]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4231 69430 66034 2015-03-04T09:17:59Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mohammed-ali-basha-mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Muhammad Ali</font>]] [[File:Muhammad Ali Mosque 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Muhammad Ali</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Muhammad Ali''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد محمد علي''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] r4rnhqzyngdbzc7r4s64mbityeruijx 0 4232 77944 69521 2021-08-19T03:33:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kairo Sultan Hassan Moschee BW 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Hassan</font>]] [[File:View from the citadel.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan Hassan</font>]] [[File:Sultan hassan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pul</font>]] [[Dosiye:Madrassa of Sultan Hassan.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Hassan''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Hassan''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع السلطان حسن''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] eocu6zaot99tidmmxf5rzc1dexdlwu0 14 4233 70141 67919 2015-08-03T05:30:45Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5851345]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburezi]] sqflg61bs1thtisaqpzpebac54ljlzd 0 4234 81518 78652 2022-01-31T11:02:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Azhar 2006.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar</span>]] [[File:Al Azhar1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar</span>]] [[Dosiye:Al-Azhar_University-Desouk.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar]] '''Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''جامعة الأزهر الشريف‎''') ni [[kaminuza]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Dosiye:Egypt, Cairo, Panorama of Islamic Cairo.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Cairo]] {{commons|Al-Azhar University}} [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Misiri]] omprxtxv4afpfsw6dptieyt7mu1eesg 0 4235 77446 69563 2021-08-10T15:43:43Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kairo Al Hussein Mosque BW 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Hussein</font>]] [[Dosiye:مأذنة و مظلة مسجد الامام الحسين في القاهرة.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Hussein]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Hussein''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الإمام الحسين‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] fzlb389mytwuo5d29r1e0nbjfug16xf 0 4236 69220 66029 2015-03-04T06:06:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kairo Ibn Tulun Moschee BW 4.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibn Tulun</font>]] [[File:Kairo Ibn Tulun Moschee BW 7.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibn Tulun</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Ibn Tulun''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد أحمد بن طولون‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] 3osldgcdoaqke6eh5380objbsifcyyb 0 4237 77524 69280 2021-08-12T03:28:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu el-Abbas el-Mursi Mosque in Alexandria.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa El-Mursi Abul Abbas</font>]] [[Dosiye:Iskandariya Hatun mosque 1236.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa El-Mursu Abul Abbas]] '''Umusigiti wa El-Mursi Abul Abbas''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع المرسي أبو العباس‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alexandria]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] oo55pbu5ngjj2ksvjw1yhwrxubdr2wz 0 4238 69440 21305 2015-03-04T09:31:39Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al Qa'ed Ibrahim Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al Qa’ed Ibrahim</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al Qa’ed Ibrahim''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alexandria]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] obbtpe0i9l6mmyfloil3abto8dzxegu 0 4239 78553 77775 2021-08-25T03:39:56Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Courcouronnes_Grand_Mosquée_Innen_Eingangsbereich_2.jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti w’Évry''']] [[Dosiye:Courcouronnes Grand Mosquée Innen Waschraum 5.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'Evry]] '''Umusigiti w’Évry''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Mosquée d'Évry-Courcouronnes'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Évry]] mu [[Bufaransa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bufaransa]] erc62feor3dk2rw2vptue99pkgxxwff 0 4240 77668 69358 2021-08-15T04:03:06Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khadija-Moschee, Berlin, Germany - 20110603.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khadija</font>]] [[Dosiye:Khadija-Moschee 2008.jpg|thumb|mo imbere mu musigiti wa ''Khadija'']] '''Umusigiti wa Khadija''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Khadija-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Berlin]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] 9pef3vmr4jt7s8u8xbbyvnc1k93nrbc 0 4241 17760 2011-01-09T23:24:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubudage]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubudage]] 5vt28b0yg64yfbmaf2vv2db73far68x 0 4242 17762 2011-01-09T23:24:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuhinde]] 8zwdltg01cyk4f1nse53qvi1ue49rfk 0 4243 69421 69267 2015-03-04T09:06:33Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cheraman jumamasjid.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Cheraman</font>]] [[File:Cheraman juma masjid Old.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Cheraman</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Cheraman''' (izina mu [[kimalayalamu]]: '''ചേരമാൻ ജുമാ മസ്ജിദ്‌‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kerala]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] iympi4zv35meppkmvj4eqdmm1lk8m8r 0 4244 83308 69378 2022-05-10T22:45:53Z 95.24.16.10 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:New Delhi Jama Masjid.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jama</font>]] [[File:Jama Masjid, Facade, Delhi, India.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jama</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Jama''' (izina mu [[gihindi]]: '''जामा मस्जिद, दिल्ली‌‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Delhi]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] n912ts2dkjl7t6m5nidvlfxbd4g1mwo 0 4245 77752 69386 2021-08-16T03:17:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad, India.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Makka</font>]] [[Dosiye:Front view Mecca Masjid.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Makka]] '''Umusigiti wa Makka''' (izina mu [[gitelugu]]: '''మక్కా మసీదు'''; izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''مکہ مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hyderabad]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 1hymck8af6wtlgznu2wizrhxzwtscp0 14 4248 66193 59145 2013-03-11T11:04:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 143 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460731]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibihugu]] 5j06j55uus2s19eydr2tnkq95ullp1e 0 4249 78182 69598 2021-08-23T02:46:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ziarat Shareef (4).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ziarat Shareef</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ziarat Shareef.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ziarat Shareef''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ziarat Shareef''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''مکہ مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Uttar Pradesh]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] m0w9fayqd856265y5hnen65ijvv86ga 0 4250 77673 69366 2021-08-15T06:05:51Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kilakarai lighthouse dock view.png|thumb|334x334px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kilakarai</font>]] [[Dosiye:Kilakarai-Lighthouse-View.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Kilakarai''']] '''Umusigiti wa Kilakarai''' (izina mu [[gitamili]]: '''ஜும்மா மசூதி, கீழக்கரை‌‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tamil Nadu]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 79z8l66e7y8rgavvcbli5gycwondxzb 0 4251 70857 70856 2017-02-19T22:11:31Z RudolfSimon 651 size wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jamé Mosque Esfahan courtyard.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Isfahan</font>]] [[File:Jame mosque portal.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Isfahan</font>]] [[File:Jame mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Isfahan</font>]] [[File:In front of Shekh Lotf Allah Mosque Isfahan.JPG|thumb|250px|Shekh Lotf Allah Mosque]] '''Umusigiti wa Isfahan''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع اصفهان''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Isfahan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] iuniaa7snc14kzdupl3uq2ic1hsj840 0 4252 69383 68757 2015-03-04T08:52:06Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Naghshe Jahan Square Isfahan modified.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pul</font>]] [[File:Imam Mosque by Amir.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pul</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Shah''' cyangwa '''Umusigiti wa Imam''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد امام''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Isfahan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] 8ho5javvqy89y8piabld9l14r212t5k 0 4253 17792 2011-01-10T00:27:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusigiti wa Shah]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Shah]] lbm1y1d5euedzm76tqo2a9iaxlejvif 0 4254 77599 69395 2021-08-14T04:27:55Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RezaShrine.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Reza</font>]] [[Dosiye:Qadr night in Imam Reza Shrine.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Imam Reza''']] '''Umusigiti wa Imam Reza''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''حرم امام رضا''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mashhad]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] nweqsxa2260edaqy0j6a3lxr6gr8aaj 0 4255 69291 65910 2015-03-04T06:52:09Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Honor Maasoome-Ghom-Iran.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fatima al-Masumeh Shrine</font>]] [[File:Masoumeh.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fatima al-Masumeh Shrine</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Fatima al-Masumeh Shrine''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''حرم فاطمه معصومه''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qom]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] 1ij2yaojod0mqsf2jxz18tct7kljs8p 0 4256 69225 65913 2015-03-04T06:08:42Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kerbela Hussein Moschee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn</font>]] [[File:InsideImamHusaynMosqueKarbalaIraqPre2006.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مقام الامام الحسين‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Karbala]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] 2zy59o26c3vatmpzkqi7i0uzvgx5n91 14 4257 65912 62899 2013-03-11T10:56:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455682]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4258 77438 69529 2021-08-10T03:12:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AlAbbasMosque01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Abbas</font>]] [[Dosiye:Imam Al Abbas Shrine.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Abbas''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Abbas''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الامام العباس‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Karbala]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] 6bmaa2al2915wtz8pcjs1fezj8jimq1 0 4259 69227 65904 2015-03-04T06:09:01Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meshed ali usnavy (PD).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Ali</font>]] [[File:ImamAliMosqueNajafIraq.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Ali</font>]] [[File:InsideImamAliMosqueNajafIraq.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Imam Ali</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Imam Ali''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''حرم الإمام علي‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Najaf]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] sdkxbe2ytqqcw24001z24ljz1tdke5w 0 4260 69417 65982 2015-03-04T09:03:10Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KadhimaynMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Kadhimiya</font>]] [[File:Al-Khadhumain shrine in baghdad.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Kadhimiya</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Kadhimiya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''الحضرة الكاظمية‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Baghdad]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] 30rhur0s4e2wgt6cpccl2s874ue1oo1 0 4261 69566 65983 2015-03-04T11:26:37Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al Askari Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Askari</font>]] [[File:Al-Askari Mosque 2006.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Askari</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Askari''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مرقد الامامين علي الهادي والحسن العسكري‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Samarra]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] hsqhad15u10asofkbo28a87ama8qjyl 0 4262 77873 69472 2021-08-18T03:20:55Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Great Mosque of Samarra.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Samarra</font>]] [[Dosiye:المئذنة الملوية سامراء العراق.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Samarra]] '''Umusigiti wa Samarra''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''الملوية''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Samarra]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] 07n5yqkzb9bss8mx1zqnj2763vqq0ra 0 4263 77750 70708 2021-08-16T03:13:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Haifamosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mahmood</font>]] [[Dosiye:מסגד סיידנא מחמוד - אתרי מורשת בחיפה 2015 (9).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa mahmood]] '''Umusigiti wa Mahmood''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد محمود‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kababir]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. {{stub}} [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] bblxxe4o8jin8w3gkbnqux189nl4edn 0 4264 69363 65986 2015-03-04T08:38:09Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tel Aviv Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hassan Bek</font>]] [[File:TelAvivMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hassan Bek</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Hassan Bek''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد حسن بك‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''מסגד חסן בק‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jaffa]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] 5u2dymbotw1l6drz9kdyc7p3d69a6lm 0 4265 77770 21833 2021-08-16T12:20:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki # [[Dosiye:Mahmood-Aini-2019-3.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mahmood]]→ [[Dosiye:Mahmood_Mosque,_Regina.jpg|thumb|(Mahmood Mosque) umusigiti wa Mahmood]][[Umusigiti wa Mahmood muri Kababir]] # → [[Umusigiti wa Mahmood mu Busuwisi]] 8omd9noymul903wqcdffxf4bv73tpry 0 4266 69235 65987 2015-03-04T06:14:11Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Akko Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jezzar Pasha</font>]] [[File:Jazaar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jezzar Pasha</font>]] [[File:Jezzar Pasha Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jezzar Pasha</font>]] [[File:Jezzar Pasha Mosque Interior.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jezzar Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Jezzar Pasha''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الجزار‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Acre]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] jt202vccotm3k2v7n8ot6avuzfy1ckt 0 4267 77930 69510 2021-08-19T03:12:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sidna-Ali-Mosque-08.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sidna Ali</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sidna-Ali-Mosque-V2-828.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sidna Ali''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sidna Ali''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد سيدنا علي‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''מסגד סידנא עלי‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Herzliya]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] i230o4o2goa1mn3slugwru5ga7nqbpk 0 4268 17822 2011-01-10T01:05:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isirayeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isirayeli]] l6sbm0b5a83ypwahof41gnfo3qqzvvc 14 4269 67865 61043 2013-04-13T10:26:20Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 110 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130516]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4270 77428 69304 2021-08-10T02:58:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu Darweesh Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Abu Darweesh</font>]] [[Dosiye:وسط عمان القديمة مع مسجد أبو درويش.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa abu Darweesh]] '''Umusigiti wa Abu Darweesh''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد أبو درويش''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Amman]] muri [[Yorudani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Yorudani]] ex6mk0rtj44mtx578x3iy4kumzzwdx6 0 4271 69545 66080 2015-03-04T10:37:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amman BW 29.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Abdullah I</font>]] [[File:Amman BW 33.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Abdullah I</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Umwami Abdullah I''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الملك عبد الله الأول''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Amman]] muri [[Yorudani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Yorudani‎]] l6y8hxfo66w18gqtn2uilyk938ayg01 14 4272 67760 61001 2013-04-13T09:25:34Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7084216]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4273 77046 77045 2021-08-05T08:44:08Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Damascus, Syria, The Umayyad Mosque, The Courtyard, Islamic Art.jpg|thumb|'''المسجد الكبير 1''']] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Koweti''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Umujyi wa Koweti]] muri [[Koweti]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Koweti]] 6bbjwtxxxozuva56ja8gz40dmbbvlyw 0 4274 17839 2011-01-10T01:30:30Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn]] to [[Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn muri Irake]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn muri Irake]] jp203v2goalz86a8u0uwvldej7ht1uq 0 4275 81951 77598 2022-02-07T21:26:57Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Imam_Hussein_Mosque,_Kuwait_City_1980_01.jpg|Imam_Hussein_Mosque,_Kuwait_City_1980_01.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Imam Hussein Mosque, Kuwait City wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imam Husayn Shrine 1850.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Imam Husayn''']] '''Umusigiti wa Umusigiti wa Imam Husayn''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Umujyi wa Koweti]] muri [[Koweti]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Koweti]] 5f5btj262yuggczmokpdq36h9nzbw9y 14 4276 67761 59390 2013-04-13T09:26:23Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 109 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7084570]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4277 77056 69422 2021-08-05T11:00:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beyrouth Mohammad Al-Amin Mosque 98 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Mohammad Al-Amin mosque''']] '''Umusigiti wa Mohammad Al-Amin''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Beirut]] muri [[Libani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Libani]] 5772jt2j7pgay2mjyqo3naz4kpavee8 0 4278 71712 69397 2019-01-28T06:08:33Z StagiaireMGIMO 7798 new image wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque Jamek.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamek</font>]] [[File:Zero Mile Kuala Lumpur.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamek</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Jamek''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Jamek'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kuala Lumpur]] muri [[Malesiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malesiya]] fbeqhr6bol3ir6b1kphlznht1vywy6t 14 4279 67236 61028 2013-03-14T05:53:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6893359]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4280 78728 69265 2021-08-26T08:30:25Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chinguetti mosquee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Chinguetti</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Chinguetti''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Chinguetti ]] muri [[Moritaniya]]. [[Dosiye:ChinguetMosq.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Chinguetti]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Moritaniya]] jqfhrkw1blx6zr75u5j0f0ve34t64ja 14 4281 67226 62897 2013-03-14T05:52:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 111 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6893074]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4282 77502 77501 2021-08-11T03:39:48Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque Hassan Ii 2 (133662553).jpeg|thumb|umusigiti wa Hassan II]] [[Dosiye:مسجد الحسن الثاني بنواكشوط (المغربي).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Hassan II]] [[Dosiye:الدار البيضاء مسجد الحسن الثاني.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Hassan II]] '''Umusigiti wa Hassan II''' cyangwa '''Umusigiti wa Cassablanca''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الحسن الثاني‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Casablanca]] muri [[Maroke]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Maroke]] k0n2l2y9jn7pe8izvz1pyywgob84c5q 0 4283 78727 69398 2021-08-26T08:26:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MoroccoMarrakech KoutoubiaMosqueTop.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Koutoubia</font>]] [[File:Koutoubia.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Koutoubia</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Koutoubia''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع الكتبية‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Marrakech]] muri [[Maroke]]. [[Dosiye:مسجد_الكتبية_المراكشي.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Koutoubia]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Maroke]] 0o8omfr7n50js3zqjetegjp6ke4jaym 14 4284 66055 62674 2013-03-11T11:01:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 128 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411745]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4285 69250 28101 2015-03-04T06:26:45Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Canterbury_Mosque_12_June_2006.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Canterbury</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Canterbury''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Canterbury Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Canterbury]] muri [[Nuveli Zelande]]. [[Category:Nuveli Zelande]] kn2a2bacg8c2nsf3rhkhk2ni4dblhow 14 4286 66053 63833 2013-03-11T11:01:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455797]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4287 78188 77959 2021-08-23T02:52:32Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AbujaNationalMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Abuja</font>]] [[Dosiye:National_Mosque_Abuja_2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'Abuja]] [[Dosiye:National Mosque Abuja.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'''Abuja'' ]] '''Umusigiti w’Abuja''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Abuja National Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Abuja]] muri [[Nijeriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nijeriya]] 08s9byf6wgqwegdlmlbcirnbx15tdhd 0 4288 77721 69212 2021-08-15T15:40:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Es_9_-_003_-_The_Great_Mosque_of_Kano_with_a_wall_around_it_with_a_gate,_two_tall_minarets_and_a_large_dome_-_Kano,_North_Nigeria_-_13-15_January_1962.tif|thumb|'''Umusigiti mukuru muri Kano muri Nijeriya''']] [[Dosiye:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Es_9_-_001_-_A_street_scene_with_a_man_in_a_headscarf,_in_front_of_a_complex_of_loam_walls_-_Kano,_North_Nigeria_-_13-15_January_1962.tif|thumb|'''Umusigiti mukuru muri Kano''']] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Kano''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Great Mosque of Kano'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kano]] muri [[Nijeriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nijeriya]] 2sga782dcs7p98671emvlc29p6v2glo 14 4289 67767 61004 2013-04-13T09:36:34Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7085289]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4290 77948 77947 2021-08-19T03:38:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque (1).jpg|alt=Umusigiti wa Sultan Qaboos|thumb|220x220px|'''Umusigiti wa Sultan Qaboos''']] [[Dosiye:Sultan Qaboos Mosque 13.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Qaboos''']] [[Dosiye:Sultan Qaboos Mosque 15.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan Qaboos''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan Qaboos''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع السلطان قابوس الأكبر''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bousher]] muri [[Omani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Omani]] r0ds1fyao8vlb32g09q9n4bmmfrsco3 0 4291 78084 69298 2021-08-20T11:49:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Faisal mosque2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Fayçal</font>]] [[Dosiye:Islamabad,Faisal_mosque.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Fayçal</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Umwami Fayçal''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''شاہ فیصل مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Islamabad]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] nvgu4v60s1apgshedfd7b9yocybucjb 0 4292 78111 78082 2021-08-21T03:04:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PK Karachi asv2020-02 img57 Tooba Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tooba</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ulu_Camii_-_Pillars_Calligraphy_(1).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tooba imbere</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid e Tooba.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Tooba''']] '''Umusigiti wa Tooba''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''مسجد طوبٰی''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Karachi]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] 1ezvjaf8xmb5hh01n2rld2t2wtt06f4 0 4293 78077 69503 2021-08-20T11:34:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Badshahi Mosque July 1 2005 pic32 by Ali Imran (1).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Badshahi</font>]] [[File:Badshahi Masjid at night on July 20 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Badshahi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Badshahi_Masjid_from_Iqbal_park_at_night.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Badshahi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Badshahi''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''بادشاھی مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Lahore]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] d72xyreyxz88jokx14hpw92sci1rqj2 0 4294 78079 77758 2021-08-20T11:38:22Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Aqsa.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid-e-Aqsa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid-e-Aqsa Entwurf.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Masjid-e-Aqsa''']] [[Dosiye:Masjid_Aqsa_Qadian.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Masjid-e-Aqsa''']] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid-e-Aqsa''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''‏مسجد اقصیٰ‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Rabwah]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] kqh4iktxqcvqqdafgam7rbk7t7qeoj3 0 4295 78166 77444 2021-08-22T14:11:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-aqsa-mosque01 cropped.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa</font>]] [[Dosiye:المسجد الاقصى 1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa mu ijoro]] [[Dosiye:شابلن_اماکن_مقدس-مسجد‌الاقصی-مسجد_بیت‌_المقدس-۱.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa ]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Aqsa''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''‏المسجد الاقصى''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yerusalemu]] muri [[Palestine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Palestine‎]] 30o5ef48s0a1gaoyplzj1pm73dzm4iu 14 4296 67771 53884 2013-04-13T09:39:26Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5819664]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4297 71728 69445 2019-02-26T06:28:59Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Israel-2013(2)-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_(SE_exposure).jpg with [[File:Palestine-2013(2)-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_(SE_exposure).jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palestine-2013(2)-Jerusalem-Temple Mount-Dome of the Rock (SE exposure).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Qubbat As-Sakhrah</font>]] [[File:Israel-2013-Jerusalem-Temple Mount-Dome of the Rock-Detail 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Qubbat As-Sakhrah</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Qubbat As-Sakhrah''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''‏مسجد قبة الصخرة‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yerusalemu]] muri [[Palestine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Palestine‎]] 00gsylk0cnafu8vndda8v1q3bb3sbs5 0 4298 77792 69436 2021-08-17T03:19:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bethlehem-Manger-Square.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Omar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Temple Area, Mosque of Omar (i.e., Dome of the Rock), etc. No. 2 details of the mosaics. LOC matpc.05033.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''‏Omar''']] '''Umusigiti wa Omar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''‏مسجد عمر‎‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bethlehem]] muri [[Palestine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Palestine‎]] cyojzsr6cg9x1wg7y6245dd4y2rjk3m 0 4299 78165 77422 2021-08-22T14:09:22Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Great Mosque of Gaza - Alafrangi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru </font>]] [[Dosiye:Omari Mosque in Gaza City.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru muri [[Gaza]]]] [[Dosiye:Khalidi_mosque_in_Gaza_City.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Khalidi mu mujyi wa Gaza]] '''Umusigiti mukuru''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''‏جامع غزة الكبير‎‎‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Gaza]] muri [[Palestine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Palestine‎]] tqnui8y1tjh6jxfurypdswpmte0ps47 0 4300 78065 77804 2021-08-20T10:29:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque "Kul Sharif".jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Qolsharif</font>]] [[Dosiye:Qolsharif EX.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Qolsharif''']] [[Dosiye:Qolsharif_Mosque,_2008.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Qolsharif''' 2008]] '''Umusigiti wa Qolsharif''' (izina mu [[gitatari]] : ''Колшәриф мәчете‎‎‎‎'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kazan Kremlin]] muri [[Tatarisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tatarisitani]] [[Category:Tatarisitani]] 2piwplp0nq7wlv6x90w217a26i1d8s6 14 4301 67777 63045 2013-04-13T09:46:53Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 58 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7158198]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] 1pta8u9twit4rp0siiv8m2tfzphd4kt 14 4302 75577 75571 2021-05-25T16:27:59Z Praxidicae 7300 rvv wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] nyd3kym6bt9opm77jtth5joq9rj4tg8 0 4303 17903 2011-01-10T02:43:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uburusiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburusiya]] 1ejhaj2woj619mw8erty2f3nbfjylo7 0 4304 66020 63368 2013-03-11T10:59:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5481]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tatarstan.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tatarisitani</font>]] [[File:Tatarstan (Russia) (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tatarisitani</font>]] [[Image:Tatar03.png|250px|thumb|right]] [[File:Soyembika3.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''Tatarisitani''' (izina mu [[gitatari]] : ''Tatarstan Respublikası'' cyangwa ''Татарстан Республикасы'' ; izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Республика Татарстан'' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Tatarisitani| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] amhw5rir6isy4m3098dswr3h49uiuqi 0 4305 81973 77425 2022-02-08T21:54:28Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Touba_moschee.jpg|Touba_moschee.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Grande Mosquée de Touba|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grande mosquée de Touba.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru i touba]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Touba''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande Mosquée de Touba'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Touba]] muri [[Senegali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Senegali]] f6thhe1ysqksxmkhljla36i2zs1ijxb 14 4306 67773 63215 2013-04-13T09:42:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 133 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130806]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4307 77483 69462 2021-08-11T03:04:00Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bajrakli džamija.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bayrakli</font>]] [[Dosiye:Interior of Bayrakli Mosque, Samokov 01.JPG|thumb|mo imbere mu musigiti wa '''Bayrakli''']] '''Umusigiti wa Bayrakli''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Бајракли џамија''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Bayraklı Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Belgrade]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] a7jql3irlei40clqymhktjionys3wdg 14 4308 66022 61022 2013-03-11T10:59:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456051]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4309 69339 66021 2015-03-04T08:25:31Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Sultan 2.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid Sultan</font>]] [[File:Sultan Mosque 2, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid Sultan</font>]] [[File:Masjid Sultan.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid Sultan</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid Sultan''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sultan'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kampong Glam]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] qqufzzvxry1xpkmtb2aiv4yzmuc2fc1 14 4310 67494 59729 2013-04-02T18:58:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8596739]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] 3ev1wcaseb667ou8u2nn0j1j9r4ay4z 0 4311 17961 2011-01-10T09:24:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 14 4312 67776 61041 2013-04-13T09:46:21Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6985364]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4313 77532 69293 2021-08-12T03:43:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fakr Ud Din Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fakr ad-Din</font>]] [[Dosiye:Fakr-ad-din-mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Fakr ad-Din''']] '''Umusigiti wa Fakr ad-Din''' (izina mu [[gisomali]]: ''?''; izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد فخر الدين زنكي‎''') i [[Mogadishu]] muri [[Somaliya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Somaliya]] mpterb9l4v8kbpwmfdvizji0irf2ovn 14 4314 67211 61543 2013-03-14T05:51:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7059785]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 4315 67758 62648 2013-04-13T09:23:37Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 118 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1456095]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 4316 67212 63259 2013-03-14T05:51:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7085549]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4317 77654 72108 2021-08-14T19:32:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SL Colombo asv2020-01 img22 Jami Ul-Alfar Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jami Ul-Alfar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jami-Ul-Alfar.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Jami Ul-Alfar''']] '''Umusigiti wa Jami Ul-Alfar''' (izina mu [[kinyasinali]]: '''?'''; izina mu [[gitamili]]: '''ஜாமீயுல் அல்ஃபார் பள்ளிவாசல்''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Colombo]] muri [[Siri Lanka]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siri Lanka]] d6sys9de1hjaa6y3uvycziyh0pduiy5 14 4318 65908 60530 2013-03-11T10:56:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456188]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4319 69311 21809 2015-03-04T07:07:25Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hajja Soad mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hajja Soad</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Hajja Soad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Khartoum]] muri [[Sudani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Sudani]] 6yivdnygwf6nrctvalzaoasxcxb95h9 14 4320 67775 64125 2013-04-13T09:45:31Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 123 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7020538]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4321 69575 65842 2015-03-04T11:44:36Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:StJohnInUmmayad.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umayyad</font>]] [[File:Umayyad Mosquee panoramic.jpg|thumb|600px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umayyad</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Umayyad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع بني أمية الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Damasiko]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] r25nwapxb8zfba48rj5ctmdre1sx8yj 14 4322 67778 62566 2013-04-13T09:47:32Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7087450]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4323 78045 78044 2021-08-20T03:22:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taipei Grand Mosque 20060112.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tayipeyi</font>]] [[Dosiye:台北清真寺.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Tayipeyi]] [[Dosiye:台北清真寺 3.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Tayipeyi]] '''Umusigiti wa Tayipeyi''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''台北清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tayipeyi]] muri [[Tayiwani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tayiwani|Tayipeyi]] ro8wpltp6adjxd4f3l7u46mxis58a4l 0 4324 73188 73187 2020-08-27T23:20:45Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taipei,_Taiwan_CBD_Skyline.jpg|thumb|Tayipeyi]] Umujyi wa '''Tayipeyi''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]] : cya kera '''臺北市''' na cyoroheje '''台北市''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Tayiwani]]. [[File:Taipei_Taiwan_City-police-headquarters-01.jpg|thumb|Taipei Taiwan City-police-headquarters-01]] [[File:Taipei_night_2015.jpg|thumb|Taipei night 2015]] [[File:Taipei_Taiwan_Taipei-101-Tower-01.jpg|thumb|Taipei Taiwan Taipei-101-Tower-01]] [[Category:Tayiwani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 4bnbm760plylen0dbmsmrxufa35htp2 14 4325 65844 62117 2013-03-11T10:54:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456388]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4326 69525 65847 2015-03-04T10:10:17Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baan Haw Mosque 4-6-09.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baan Haw</font>]] [[File:Ban Hoe Mosque2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baan Haw</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Baan Haw''' (izina mu [[gitayi]]: '''มัสยิดบ้านฮ่อ''' cyangwa '''มัสยิดเฮดายาตูลอิสลามบ้านฮ่อ'''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''王和清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Chiang Mai]] muri [[Tayilande]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tayilande]] l4bao3soakryaa9671fgibjtyt7jzmr 14 4327 65846 62561 2013-03-11T10:54:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 109 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6018449]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4328 69754 69213 2015-04-02T17:29:46Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|fr}} (2) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kairouan's Great Mosque courtyard.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Kairouan</font>]] [[File:Great Mosque of Kairouan minaret.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Kairouan</font>]] [[File:Great Mosque of Kairouan - Minaret door.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Kairouan</font>]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Kairouan''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع عقبة بن نافع''' cyangwa '''جامع القيروان الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kairouan]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] [[de:Qairawān#Hauptmoschee]] j773dqdrd1ah2yxngvmpxim93mlsmpi 0 4329 69551 65841 2015-03-04T10:44:25Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MinaretMosqueeZitounaTunis.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Zaytuna</font>]] [[File:Minaret Zitouna detail.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Zaytuna</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Zaytuna''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع الزيتونة‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] p4ds9chj9cvpk1dcq41g049uyap97dz 0 4330 77870 69466 2021-08-18T03:12:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sabancimosque19082006.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sabanci</font>]] [[File:SabanciMosque meyavuz 20081226 05.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sabanci</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sabancı Merkez Camii, Adana.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Sabanci]] '''Umusigiti wa Sabanci''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''‎Sabancı Merkez Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Adana]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 1gge5kup0x5kc2nhhqlxj3gdoe21ad6 14 4331 67766 62363 2013-04-13T09:35:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 107 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7088124]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4332 78399 77059 2021-08-24T11:43:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Shiek Zayed Mosque.jpg|thumb|'''مسجد الشيخ زايد''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sheikh Zayed''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الشيخ زايد‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Abu Dhabi]] muri [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]]. [[Dosiye:Sheikh_Zayed_Mosque_Silhouette.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sheikh Zayed]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] pg4kr5cta8zya61gyuyo9b0k7nuhj0m 0 4333 78398 77044 2021-08-24T11:41:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cloudy Grand Mosque.jpg|thumb|'''مسجد دبي الكبير''']] [[Dosiye:Nd_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti mukuru muri Dubai]] '''Umusigiti wa mukuru muri Dubai''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد دبي الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dubai]] muri [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] poc95djr3d1j5rk4votyr2amjzweyuo 0 4334 78208 69496 2021-08-23T15:17:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baitul Futuh.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitul Futuh</font>]] [[File:Baitul Futuh Minaret.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitul Futuh</font>]] [[Dosiye:Baitul_Futuh_dome.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Baitul Futuh</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Baitul Futuh''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''House of Victories'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[London]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] t84cfebnm5yxc1q2p70tc9ldwifv0jd 0 4335 69569 22033 2015-03-04T11:42:37Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tucson mosque2.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tucson</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Tucson''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Mosque Tucson‎'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Arizona]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] h6i1dvpbawfnpz26smt9y13naiyhmsf 0 4336 77756 69392 2021-08-16T03:22:43Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque Maryam.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Maryam</font>]] [[Dosiye:Maryam Zamani Mosque.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Maryam'']] '''Umusigiti wa Maryam''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Mosque Maryam'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Chicago]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] fob6sdzg3it8yt2y9aicyd1kr2netw5 14 4337 68136 67875 2013-07-17T18:25:10Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q10672]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 0 4338 69222 67507 2015-03-04T06:07:16Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fachada Mezquita Ibrahim Al-lbrahim.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Al-lbrahim</font>]] [[File:Mezquita Sheikh Ibrahim Bin Abdulaziz Al - Ibrahim.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Al-lbrahim</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Al-lbrahim''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]]: ''Mezquita Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim'' cyangwa ''Mezquita Ibrahim Ibin Abdul Aziz Al-Ibrahim'', ''Mezquita de Caracas'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caracas]] muri [[Venezuwela]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Venezuwela]] s43d3m4hvsuxw68rgjsynb7dghkd8sa 14 4339 67864 60990 2013-04-13T10:25:19Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130834]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4340 77451 69603 2021-08-10T15:59:34Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minaret Al Muhdhar Mosque Tarim Yemen.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Muhdhar</font>]] [[Dosiye:13 Tarim (13).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Muhdhar''']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Muhdhar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tarim]] muri [[Yemeni]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Yemeni]] bxlrsbhn1dh41dt5q3cm0ytgedz2fmj 14 4342 65997 63262 2013-03-11T10:58:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 124 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4046581]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4343 73098 73097 2020-08-14T22:43:52Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Umujyi]] w’'''Nursultan''' (izina mu [[gikazaki]] : ''Астана'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kazakisitani]]. [[File:Construction_of_the_bridge_in_Nur-Sultan_1.jpg|thumb|Construction of the bridge in Nur-Sultan 1]] [[File:Nur-Sultan_Circus.jpg|thumb|Nur-Sultan Circus]] [[Category:Kazakisitani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] rhuldgfw4kaa62k8xabhdo6zwsyp7th 0 4344 77053 70521 2021-08-05T09:02:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nur Astana Mosque 02.jpg|thumb|'''Nur-Astana mosque''']] '''Umusigiti wa Nur-Astana''' (izina mu [[gikazaki]]: ''Нұр-Астана мешіті‎'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Astana]] muri [[Kazakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kazakisitani]] ckugkg0vq4nlhip9300xw7hpgwx2o5x 0 4345 73124 73123 2020-08-17T23:42:09Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RabatDowntown.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Rabat</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Rabat''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الرباط''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Maroke]]. [[File:Tour_Hassan-Rabat_cropped.jpg|thumb|Tour Hassan-Rabat cropped]] [[File:Porte_el_had_Rabat.jpg|thumb|Porte el had Rabat]] [[Category:Maroke]] [[Category:Imirwa]] h5pj6z2ta6lcm7h3144oqp1mx4s9m7x 14 4346 67763 63012 2013-04-13T09:28:30Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130748]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4347 65993 63519 2013-03-11T10:58:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 111 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1844]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vaduz.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Vaduz</font>]] [[File:Liechtenstein-Vaduz.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Vaduz</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Vaduz''' (izina mu [[kidage]] : ''Vaduz'' ; IPA [faˈduːts]) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Liyeshitensiteyine]]. [[Category:Liyeshitensiteyine]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 0uymg3y5qsdxfhggekltwouv9o75s6m 14 4348 67497 61019 2013-04-02T18:58:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 57 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7215696]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4349 73103 65992 2020-08-15T12:05:24Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pohnpei Island.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Palikir</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Palikir''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Mikoronesiya]]. [[File:Western_Rim_of_Palikir_Crater_Mars.jpg|thumb|Western Rim of Palikir Crater Mars]] [[Category:Mikoronesiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 7k5xqi807t8p07qpeq162wd9h1z542f 0 4350 79112 76481 2021-08-31T08:03:55Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:000 1333 Dodoma Cathedral.JPG|thumb|280px|Dodoma Cathedral]] Umujyi wa '''Dodoma''' (izina mu [[giswayili]] : ''Dodoma'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Tanzaniya]].https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lecture_rooms.jpg [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Tanzania flag]] [[Dosiye:Dodoma,_Tanzania..jpg|thumb|Dodoma, Tanzania.]] [[File:Roundabout_in_Dodoma_Region.jpg|thumb|Roundabout in Dodoma Region]] [[Dosiye:Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|center|thumb|400x400px|tanzania]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] t0k5y7wtu85zo3hgk9om81m1kum824r 14 4351 67200 60999 2013-03-14T05:51:07Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 103 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6887418]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4352 81572 78707 2022-01-31T11:10:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asmara-Panorama.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi w’Asmara</span>]] [[File:AsmaraMunicipality.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia (1996–2009).svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Ethiopia]] [[Umujyi]] w’'''Asmara''' (izina mu [[gitigirinya]] : '''ኣስመራ ''' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] '''أسمرة ‎''' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Asmara'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Eritereya]]. [[File:Tour_of_Asmara_Cycling_race,_Asmara_Eritrea.jpg|thumb|Tour of Asmara Cycling race, Asmara Eritrea]] [[Category:Eritereya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 8331hx55le0upbz73d5m018i18okcg9 14 4353 67201 61008 2013-03-14T05:51:08Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 82 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7184681]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4354 81746 79199 2022-01-31T11:37:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tuvalu - Funafuti - School.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Funafuti</span>]] [[File:Funafuti.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Funafuti</span>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Funafuti''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Tuvalu]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Tavalu]] [[Dosiye:Funafuti_township.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Funafuti]] [[Category:Tuvalu]] [[Category:Imirwa]] ay6dkn2rvjhetcyc16soxv6tlfofvll 14 4355 67198 61002 2013-03-14T05:51:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6882950]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4356 81747 79203 2022-01-31T11:37:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gaborone Montage.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Gaborone</span>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Gaborone''' (izina mu [[gitswana]] na [[cyongereza]] : ''Gaborone'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Botswana]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Botswana]] [[Category:Botswana]] [[Category:Imirwa]] bxf39xy8fb55dhh3rpzqzvpio6wtzgt 14 4357 67199 62834 2013-03-14T05:51:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6983038]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4358 81810 79295 2022-01-31T11:47:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eastgate Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Harare</span>]] [[File:First Street, Harare, Zimbabwe.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Harare</span>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Harare''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Zimbabwe]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Zimbabwe]] [[File:Harare_Downtown1.jpg|thumb|Harare Downtown1]] [[Category:Zimbabwe]] [[Category:Imirwa]] h0s8sp8mn0z141hcu8uli73wpr6lghn 14 4359 67756 56634 2013-04-13T09:21:45Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1455541]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ag58urdwghqoz6rlya4iduv2kbi0wg9 0 4360 81812 66192 2022-01-31T11:47:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:HavanaMontage.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Havana</span>]] [[File:LocationHavana.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Havana</span>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Havana''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''La Habana'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kiba]]. [[Category:Kiba]] [[Category:Imirwa]] kwg8wzq1yi3e4taj5buhmxir2dbsiym 0 4361 79323 73105 2021-08-31T21:48:56Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jakarta Pictures-3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Jakarta</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Jakarta''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]] : ''Jakarta'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Indonesiya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|thumb|500x500px|Indonesia]] [[File:Kemeriahan_malam_Jakarta.jpg|thumb|Kemeriahan malam Jakarta]] [[Category:Indonesiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] jcj031bg3aopdhr1xy8ao2cy8zo2l24 0 4362 76483 73109 2021-07-26T20:58:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mountains of Kabul.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kabul</font>]] [[Dosiye:View_of_an_area_of_Kabul.jpg|thumb|Reba agace ka Kabul]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Kabul''' (izina mu [[gipushito]] na [[kinyaperisi]] : '''کابل ''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Afuganisitani]]. [[File:Street_scene_in_Kabul-2012.jpg|thumb|Street scene in Kabul-2012]] [[Category:Afuganisitani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] hlxiq3wm0fx6y4pgwd67m5sejblc36e 14 4363 67772 57001 2013-04-13T09:40:30Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 122 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130836]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 0 4364 73174 73173 2020-08-27T22:32:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Districts of Lima.svg|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lima</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Lima''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Peru]]. [[File:Lima_-_Perú_(20529572620).jpg|thumb|Lima - Perú (20529572620)]] [[File:Ponte_Barca_Abril_2019-3a.jpg|thumb|Ponte Barca Abril 2019-3a]] [[File:Lima_convento_san_francisco_de_asis.jpg|thumb|Lima convento san francisco de asis]] [[Category:Peru]] [[Category:Imirwa]] q6dgijthxd1l7ww31wbvlj98f3is09g 14 4365 67252 60526 2013-03-14T05:53:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 102 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6975684]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4366 75015 73176 2021-02-12T20:06:02Z Mugisha Cosma 9212 Fixed typos wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lusaka.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Lusaka</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Lusaka''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Zambiya]]. [[File:Lusaka,_capital_city_of_Zambia.jpg|thumb|Lusaka, capital city of Zambia]] [[File:Lusaka_Museum.jpg|thumb|Lusaka Museum]] [[Category:Zambiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 7a3lomtosqxeupb78pysvj1k83peyo1 14 4367 67253 61032 2013-03-14T05:53:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130743]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4368 73182 73181 2020-08-27T23:14:32Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shoreline majuro.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Majuro</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa [[Majuro]] izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Majuro'' ; izina mu [[kimarishali]] : ''Delap-Uliga-Darrit'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Ibirwa bya Marishali]]. [[File:Улица_Косенко_(Киев).jpg|thumb|Улица Косенко (Киев)]] [[File:Majuro_(40325973).jpg|thumb|Majuro (40325973)]] [[Category:Ibirwa bya Marishali]] [[Category:Imirwa]] daa4aldx6eyp0ywdktgee1obhtaa37j 14 4369 67254 60989 2013-03-14T05:53:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6884936]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4370 73184 73183 2020-08-27T23:15:55Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malabo a 13-oct-01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Malabo</font>]] [[File:Bioko.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Malabo</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Malabo''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]. [[File:Malabo_international_Airport_Equatorial_Guinea.JPG|thumb|Malabo international Airport Equatorial Guinea]] [[File:Port_of_Malabo_1.jpg|thumb|Port of Malabo 1]] [[Category:Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 4mbyg9ngw84x7qa4mzoj09n8vob4d8a 14 4371 67239 63046 2013-03-14T05:53:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7084742]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4372 75159 73185 2021-03-08T11:49:26Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Malé_Mosque.JPG|Malé_Mosque.JPG]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Explicit|Explicit]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Islamic Centre (Maldives)|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Umujyi]] wa '''Malé''' (izina mu [[kimaldivezi]] : '''މާލެ ''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Malidivezi]]. [[File:Male-total.jpg|thumb|Male-total]] [[Category:Malidivezi]] [[Category:Imirwa]] l7x9tpit6v9dto5wbcvixpz6xr3l40c 14 4373 67238 60930 2013-03-14T05:53:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 104 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130638]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ag58urdwghqoz6rlya4iduv2kbi0wg9 0 4374 73196 73195 2020-08-27T23:32:16Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Managua Department with Managua highlighted.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Managua</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Managua''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Nikaragwa]]. [[File:ManaguaKath.jpg|thumb|ManaguaKath]] [[File:Catedral_de_managua.jpg|thumb|Catedral de managua]] [[File:Unan_Managua_vs_Walter_Ferretti_04aug2014.jpg|thumb|Unan Managua vs Walter Ferretti 04aug2014]] [[Category:Nikaragwa]] [[Category:Imirwa]] lu1kp0j15d940dypzwnaoli3ntscf0y 0 4375 73204 73203 2020-08-29T01:31:37Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Road and towers in Manama.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Manama</font>]] [[File:Bahrain map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Manama</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Manama''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''المنامة‎''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Bahirayini]]. [[File:Manama_skyline.jpg|thumb|Manama skyline]] [[File:Bahrain_Bay_Overview_2019.jpg|thumb|Bahrain Bay Overview 2019]] [[Category:Bahirayini]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 8fimm6y5wtwk7lwzf30eb728qx0mdcv 14 4376 67727 61094 2013-04-13T08:45:26Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6999772]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4377 81415 73207 2022-01-29T11:18:21Z 95.24.30.55 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Manila, Pasig River 2, Philippines.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Manila</font>]] [[File:Ph locator ncr manila.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Manila</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Manila''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''City of Manila'' ; izina mu [[gitagaloge]] : ''Lungsod ng Maynila'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Filipine]]. [[File:Rizal_Monument_at_Philippines_photobombed_by_Torre_De_Manila.jpg|thumb|Rizal Monument at Philippines photobombed by Torre De Manila]] [[File:Manila_City_Hall_(Side_View).jpg|thumb|Manila City Hall (Side View)]] [[File:The_Torre_de_Manila.jpg|thumb|The Torre de Manila]] [[Category:Filipine]] [[Category:Imirwa]] dyn40d5tgcgq5x5jox9213h8zvxtzah 14 4378 67237 60995 2013-03-14T05:53:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6893962]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4379 73209 73208 2020-08-29T01:35:42Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maputo seen from southeast - October 2006.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Maputo</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Maputo''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Mozambike]] [[File:Maputo_Waterfront_beach,_Mozambique.jpg|thumb|Maputo Waterfront beach, Mozambique]] [[File:Villa_algarve_in_maputo_02.jpg|thumb|Villa algarve in maputo 02]] [[Category:Mozambike]] [[Category:Imirwa]] cnivvb5zfp2w1cl4qvt8ijpgdr9am8e 14 4380 65933 61075 2013-03-11T10:56:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5610199]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4381 73210 65932 2020-08-29T01:36:51Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KingswayMaseru.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Maseru</font>]] [[File:Lt-map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Maseru</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Maseru''' (izina mu [[gisotho]] (Amajyepfo) na [[cyongereza]] : ''Maseru'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Lesoto]]. [[File:Maseru.JPG|thumb|Maseru]] [[Category:Lesoto]] [[Category:Imirwa]] gumznsm64nm583jgw5w0dclbgln6ofb 14 4382 67491 59723 2013-04-02T18:58:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8171808]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4383 77621 65931 2021-08-14T15:40:05Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Timbre_Wallis_et_Futuna_1920_-_2_francs.jpg|thumb|Timbre Wallis et Futuna ]] '''Icyuveya''' (izina mu cyuveya: ''Fakaʻuvea'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Walisi na Fatuna]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''wls'''. == Alfabeti y’icyuveya == Icyuveya kigizwe n’inyuguti 16 : a e f g h i k l m n o s t u v ' :inyajwi 5 : a e i o u (''na'' ā ē ī ō ū) :indagi 11 : f g h k l m n s t v ' == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyuveya == * '''Mālō te ma'uli''' – Muraho * '''tagata''' – umuntu * '''fafine''' – umugore * '''matu'ā''' – umubyeyi * '''fusi''' – igitoke == Imibare == * '''Nūmelo faka’uvea''' – Imibare mu cyuveva * '''tahi''' – rimwe * '''lua''' – kabiri * '''tolu''' – gatatu * '''fā''' – kane * '''nima''' – gatanu * '''ono''' – gatandatu * '''fitu''' – karindwi * '''valu''' – umunani * '''hiva''' – icyenda * '''hogofulu''' – icumi * '''hogofulu mā tahi''' – cumi na rimwe * '''hogofulu mā lua''' – cumi na kaviri * '''hogofulu mā tolu''' – cumi na gatatu * '''hogofulu mā fā''' – cumi na kane * '''hogofulu mā nima''' – cumi na gatanu * '''hogofulu mā ono''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''hogofulu mā fitu''' – cumi na karindwi * '''hogofulu mā valu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''hogofulu mā hiva''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''uafulu''' – makumyabiri * '''uafulu mā tahi''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''uafulu mā lua''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''uafulu mā tolu''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''uafulu mā fā''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''uafulu mā nima''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''uafulu mā ono''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''uafulu mā fitu''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''uafulu mā valu''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''uafulu mā hiva''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''tolugofunu''' – mirongo itatu * '''fagofulu''' – mirongo ine * '''nimagofolu''' – mirongo itanu * '''onogofulu''' – mirongo itandatu * '''fitugofulu''' – mirongo irindwi * '''fitugofulu''' – mirongo inani * '''hivagofulu''' – mirongo cyenda * '''teau''' – ijana * '''afe''' – igihumbi * '''mano''' – ibihumbi icumi * '''kilu''' – ibihumbi ijana * '''miliona''' – miliyoni == Imiyoboro == *Dominik Maximilián Ramík, Dictionnaire wallisien, 4. décembre 2010 [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] 1ywvlsvxgl410gkzfe7fvi35c6f7riu 0 4384 18184 2011-01-10T16:30:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyuveya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyuveya]] sxz65jdhj6ade8npug7klyi7kcuxr25 0 4385 73213 73212 2020-08-29T01:39:21Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WF -Wallis.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Mata-Utu</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Mata-Utu''' (izina mu [[cyuveya]] : ''Matāʻutu'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Walisi na Fatuna]]. [[File:Cathédrale_de_Mata_Utu.jpg|thumb|Cathédrale de Mata Utu]] [[File:Kathedrale_Mata_Utu.png|thumb|Kathedrale Mata Utu]] [[File:Cathédrale_Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption_de_Mata_Utu_-_intérieur.png|thumb|Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l&#x27;Assomption de Mata Utu - intérieur]] [[Category:Walisi na Fatuna]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 2auk1xqwm6wpc570iquhhs3cd6304ho 0 4386 76486 69424 2021-07-26T21:11:48Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mogacapital.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Mogadishu</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Mogadishu''' (izina mu [[gisomali]]: ''Muqdisho'' cyangwa ''Xamar''; izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مقديشو‎''') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Somaliya]]. [[Dosiye:Mogadishu1.jpg|thumb|Mogadishu]] [[Category:Somaliya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] loesylxg4kszop3dshll7hmy0h251tp 14 4387 67757 61035 2013-04-13T09:22:33Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6890573]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4388 65930 63859 2013-03-11T10:56:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3901]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moroni Capital of Comores Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Moroni</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa Moroni (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''موروني ''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Komore]]. [[Category:Komore]] [[Category:Imirwa]] rfwq2yq0yyad648c2vywo40l8379kxz 14 4389 65929 65376 2013-03-11T10:56:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 91 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6319684]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Danimarike]] [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 2pbmrn91an98pq5117xhgwo3yiun3ak 14 4390 66215 62376 2013-03-11T11:04:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 151 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4367478]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4391 76488 73099 2021-07-26T21:19:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nuuk city below Sermitsiaq.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Nuuk</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Nuuk''' (izina mu [[kinyagurinilande]] : ''Nuuk'' ; izina mu [[kidanwa]] : ''Godthåb'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Goronulande]]. [[Dosiye:@Nuuk_(9103742576).jpg|thumb|Nuuk -Port]] [[File:Nuuk-port.jpg|thumb|Nuuk-port]] [[Category:Goronulande]] [[Category:Imirwa]] ey6k0vjrk9mzkamquxre5m7t6e4j8x3 0 4392 73126 66217 2020-08-18T20:14:03Z Powerfox 9121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sofia Collage TB.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Sofiya</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Sofiya''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]] : ''София'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Bulugariya]]. <gallery> StGeorgeRotundaSofia.JPG| Sof.University~1935.jpg| Narsob3.jpg| NDK-front-view.jpg| NationalAssemblySquare.jpg| </gallery> [[Category:Bulugariya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] drjhn6tdsqmjbrpuakts2iekicqlhrv 14 4393 67257 61038 2013-03-14T05:54:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130695]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 4394 73178 66218 2020-08-27T23:09:45Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Suva postcard.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Suva</font>]] [[File:Fiji map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Suva</font>]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Suva''' (izina mu [[gifijiyani]] na [[cyongereza]]: ''Suva'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Fiji]]. [[File:Suva_mountain_03.jpg|thumb|Suva mountain 03]] [[Category:Fiji]] [[Category:Imirwa]] dqf77emw78bolbunqsvcp12nn5ig2xk 0 4395 76619 73191 2021-07-29T18:16:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Skanderbeg square tirana 2016.jpg|thumb|250px|Tirana]] [[File:Flag of Tirana.svg|thumb|left|100px|Tirana]] [[Dosiye:Tirana_from_South.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Tirana ]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Tirana''' (izina mu [[cyalubaniya]]: ''Tiranë'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Alubaniya]]. Abaturage 557,422 (2015). [[File:Tirana_Park,_Sheraton,_University.jpg|thumb|Tirana Park, Sheraton, University]] [[Category:Alubaniya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] o78dxmbj689arhdml2ejcj95i6i79ti 0 4396 18226 2011-01-10T17:28:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 4397 18263 2011-01-10T19:41:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyarabu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyarabu]] 8ffq2cmfyj6fojtua0kstxjt3sc91m7 0 4398 81681 79062 2022-01-31T11:27:31Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Arabic speaking world.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’icyarabu</span>]] [[File:Arabic albayancalligraphy.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ (al -ʿArabiyyah)</span>]] [[Dosiye:Khartoum, Sudan - panoramio.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|sudan]] Ururimi rw’'''Icyarabu''' (icyarabu: '''اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ''' cyangwa '''اَللُّغَةُ ٱلْعَرَبِيَّةُ''') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abarabu]] n’urwa [[Aligeriya]], [[Arabiya Sawudite]], [[Bahirayini]], [[Cade]], [[Eritereya]], [[Irake]], [[Isirayeli]], [[Jibuti]], [[Katari]], [[Komore]], [[Koweti]], [[Libani]], [[Libiya]], [[Maroke]], [[Misiri]], [[Moritaniya]], [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]], [[Omani]], [[Palestine]], [[Siriya]], [[Somaliya]], [[Sudani]], [[Tunisiya]], [[Yemeni]] na [[Yorudani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ara'''. [[Dosiye:Turkish-Libyan relations.jpg|center|thumb|450x450px]] [[Abayisilamu]] bazi ko icyarabu ari rwo rurimi rwera. Icyarabu ni ururimi rwa [[Korowani]], igitabo mutagatifu cy’abasiramu. == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyarabu == * اَلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ. - Ammahoro. (mu gihe usuhuza umuntu, cyane cyane umusiramu) * اِسْمِي.... - Izina ryanjye ni .... == Imibare == * '''وَاحِدٌ''' – rimwe * '''اِثْنَانِ''' – kabiri * '''ثَلَاثَةٌ''' – gatatu * '''أَرْبَعَةٌ''' – kane * '''خَمْسَةٌ''' – gatanu * '''سِتّةٌ''' – gatandatu * '''سَبْعَةٌ''' – karindwi * '''ثَمَانِيَةٌ''' – umunani * '''تِسْعَةٌ''' – icyenda == Inyuguti z’icyarabu == <center> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:200%;" |- |[[Ye (harf)|ي]]||[[He (harf)|ه]] ||[[Vav (harf)|و]]||[[Nun (harf)|ن]] ||[[Mim (harf)|م]]||[[Lam (harf)|ل]]||[[Kef (harf)|ك]]||[[Kaf (harf)|ق]]||[[Fe (harf)|ف]]||[[Ğayn (harf)|غ]]||[[Ayn (harf)|ع]]||[[Zı (harf)|ظ]]||[[Tı (harf)|ط]]||[[Dad (harf)|ض‎]]|||[[Sad (harf)|ص]]||[[Şin (harf)|ش]]||[[Sin (harf)|س]]||[[Ze (harf)|ز]]||[[Ra (harf)|ر]]||[[Zel (harf)|ذ]]||[[Dal (harf)|د]]||[[Hı (harf)|خ]]||[[Ha (harf)|ح]]||[[Cim (harf)|ج]]||[[Se (harf)|ث]]||[[Te (harf)|ت]]||[[Be|ب]]||[[Elif (harf)|ﺍ]] |} </center> == Wikipediya mu cyarabu == * http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/الصفحة_الرئيسية [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasemiti]] gn2xxq78vzabjltzdeko5vq9b7c3am2 0 4399 18317 2011-01-10T21:45:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikiyapani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikiyapani]] ryoq4oe9zq7selq27fvsjq8xbhrvtb6 0 4400 82237 76998 2022-03-04T03:31:32Z 197.157.155.145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Japanese language extension.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikiyapani</font>]] [[Dosiye:Japan_flag.png|thumb|IBENDERA ry' igihugu cy'Ubuyapani]] '''Ikiyapani''' (izina mu kiyapani : '''日本語''' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Ubuyapani]] na ikirwa cya [[Angaur]] muri [[Palawu]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''jpn'''.gahamanyi jean Damascene == Imibare == * '''いち''' (''ichi'') – rimwe * '''に''' (''ni'') – kabiri * '''さん''' (''san'') – gatatu * '''し''' (''shi'') – kane * '''ご''' (''go'') – gatanu * '''ろく''' (''roku'') – gatandatu * '''しち''' (''shichi'') – karindwi * '''はち''' (''hachi'') – umunani * '''きゅう''' (''kyū'') – icyenda * '''じゅう''' (''jū'') – icumi == Alfabeti y’Ikiyapani == === Hiragana === {| border="0" cellspacing="2px" cellpadding="2px" width="100%" |- |bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" colspan = 8 | [[Hiragana]] |bgcolor="#D4D4D4" colspan = 3 align="center"| |-bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" ![[あ]] ''a'' ![[い]] ''i'' ![[う]] ''u'' ![[え]] ''e'' ![[お]] ''o'' |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''ya''''') |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yu''''') |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yo''''') |- |colspan="8"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[か]] ''ka'' |[[き]] ''ki'' |[[く]] ''ku'' |[[け]] ''ke'' |[[こ]] ''ko'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゃ ''kya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゅ ''kyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きょ ''kyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[さ]] ''sa'' |[[し]] ''shi'' |[[す]] ''su'' |[[せ]] ''se'' |[[そ]] ''so'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゃ ''sha'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゅ ''shu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しょ ''sho'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[た]] ''ta'' |[[ち]] ''ci'' |[[つ]] ''tsu'' |[[て]] ''te'' |[[と]] ''to'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゃ ''ca'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゅ ''cu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちょ ''co'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[な]] ''na'' |[[に]] ''ni'' |[[ぬ]] ''nu'' |[[ね]] ''ne'' |[[の]] ''no'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゃ ''nya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゅ ''nyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にょ ''nyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[は]] ''ha'' |[[ひ]] ''hi'' |[[ふ]] ''fu'' |[[へ]] ''he'' |[[ほ]] ''ho'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゃ ''hya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゅ ''hyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひょ ''hyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ま]] ''ma'' |[[み]] ''mi'' |[[む]] ''mu'' |[[め]] ''me'' |[[も]] ''mo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゃ ''mya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゅ ''myu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みょ ''myo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[や]] ''ya'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |[[ゆ]] ''yu'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |[[よ]] ''yo'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ら]] ''ra'' |[[り]] ''ri'' |[[る]] ''ru'' |[[れ]] ''re'' |[[ろ]] ''ro'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゃ ''rya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゅ ''ryu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りょ ''ryo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[わ]]&nbsp;''wa'' |<font color=red>[[ゐ]]&nbsp;''wi''</font> |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |<font color=red>[[ゑ]]&nbsp;''we''</font> |[[を]]&nbsp;''wo'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="4"| |[[ん]] ''n'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |- |colspan="8"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |が ''ga'' |ぎ ''gi'' |ぐ ''gu'' |げ ''ge'' |ご ''go'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゃ ''gya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゅ ''gyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎょ ''gyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ざ ''za'' |じ ''ji'' |ず ''zu'' |ぜ ''ze'' |ぞ ''zo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゃ ''ja'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゅ ''ju'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じょ ''jo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |だ ''da'' |ぢ ''(ji)'' |づ ''(zu)'' |で ''de'' |ど ''do'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゃ ''(ja)'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゅ ''(ju)'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢょ ''(jo)'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ば ''ba'' |び ''bi'' |ぶ ''bu'' |べ ''be'' |ぼ ''bo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゃ ''bya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゅ ''byu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びょ ''byo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ぱ ''pa'' |ぴ ''pi'' |ぷ ''pu'' |ぺ ''pe'' |ぽ ''po'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゃ ''pya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゅ ''pyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴょ ''pyo'' |} === Katakana === {| border="0" cellspacing="2px" cellpadding="2px" width="100%" |- |bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" colspan = 8 | [[Katakana]] |bgcolor="#D4D4D4" colspan = 3 align="center"| |-bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" ![[ア]] ''a'' ![[イ]] ''i'' ![[ウ]] ''u'' ![[エ]] ''e'' ![[オ]] ''o'' |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|ヤ　''ya'' |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|ユ　''yu'' |bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|ヨ　''yo'' |- |colspan="8"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[カ]] ''ka'' |[[キ]] ''ki'' |[[ク]] ''ku'' |[[ケ]] ''ke'' |[[コ]] ''ko'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|キャ ''kya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|キュ ''kyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|キョ ''kyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[サ]] ''sa'' |[[シ]] ''shi'' |[[ス]] ''su'' |[[セ]] ''se'' |[[ソ]] ''so'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|シャ ''sha'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|シュ ''shu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ショ ''sho'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[タ]] ''ta'' |[[チ]] ''ci'' |[[ツ]] ''tsu'' |[[テ]] ''te'' |[[ト]] ''to'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|チャ ''ca'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|チュ ''cu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|チョ ''co'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ナ]] ''na'' |[[ニ]] ''ni'' |[[ヌ]] ''nu'' |[[ネ]] ''ne'' |[[ノ]] ''no'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ニャ ''nya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ニュ ''nyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ニョ ''nyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ハ]] ''ha'' |[[ヒ]] ''hi'' |[[フ]] ''fu'' |[[ヘ]] ''he'' |[[ホ]] ''ho'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ヒャ ''hya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ヒュ ''hyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ヒョ ''hyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[マ]] ''ma'' |[[ミ]] ''mi'' |[[ム]] ''mu'' |[[メ]] ''me'' |[[モ]] ''mo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ミャ ''mya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ミュ ''myu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ミョ ''myo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ヤ]] ''ya'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |[[ユ]] ''yu'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |[[ヨ]] ''yo'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ラ]] ''ra'' |[[リ]] ''ri'' |[[ル]] ''ru'' |[[レ]] ''re'' |[[ロ]] ''ro'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|リャ ''rya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|リュ ''ryu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|リョ ''ryo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |[[ワ]]&nbsp;''wa'' |<font color=red>[[ヰ]]&nbsp;''wi''</font> |bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |<font color=red>[[ヱ]]&nbsp;''we''</font> |[[ワ]]&nbsp;''wo'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="4"| |[[ン]] ''n'' |bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"| |- |colspan="8"| |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ガ ''ga'' |ギ ''gi'' |グ ''gu'' |ゲ ''ge'' |ゴ ''go'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ギャ ''gya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ギュ ''gyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ギョ ''gyo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ザ ''za'' |ジ ''ji'' |ズ ''zu'' |ゼ ''ze'' |ゾ ''zo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジャ ''ja'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジュ ''ju'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジョ ''jo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |ダ ''da'' |ジ ''(ji)'' |ズ ''(zu)'' |デ ''de'' |ド ''do'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジャ ''(ja)'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジュ ''(ju)'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ジョ ''(jo)'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |バ ''ba'' |ビ ''bi'' |ブ ''bu'' |ベ ''be'' |ボ ''bo'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ビャ ''bya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ビュ ''byu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ビョ ''byo'' |-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center" |パ ''pa'' |ピ ''pi'' |プ ''pu'' |ペ ''pe'' |ポ ''po'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ピャ ''pya'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ピュ ''pyu'' |bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ピョ ''pyo'' |} == Wikipediya mu kiyapani == * http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/メインページ [[Category:Indimi]] [[Category:Ubuyapani]] 85locw795d3fjeu7cj42nwsg9wn41tg 0 4401 18329 18328 2011-01-10T22:21:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyaragoneze]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyaragoneze]] 30tw1r5qorlg5aactc5fqlkjg2n1imv 0 4402 81682 79065 2022-01-31T11:27:40Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aragon languages.svg|thumb|354x354px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyaragoneze</span>]] '''Icyaragoneze''' (izina mu cyaragoneze : ''aragonés'' cyangwa ''idioma aragonés , luenga aragonesa , fabla aragonesa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Aragon]] muri [[Esipanye]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''arg'''. [[Dosiye:Flag of Aragon.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Aragon]] == Alfabeti y’Icyaragoneze == * A (Á) B C (CH) D E (É) F G (H) I (Í) (J) (K) L (LL) M N Ñ O (Ó) P Q R (RR) S T U (Ú) (V) (W) X Y Z * a (á) b c (ch) d e (é) f g (h) i (í) (j) (k) l (ll) m n ñ o (ó) p q r (rr) s t u (ú) (v) (w) x y z == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyaragoneze == * '''can''' – imbwa * '''gato''' – injangwe * '''baca''' – inka * '''au''' / '''abe''' – inyoni * '''pex''' – ifi == Imibare == * '''un / uno''' – rimwe * '''dos''' – kabiri * '''tres''' – gatatu * '''cuatro / cuatre''' – kane * '''zinco / zingo''' – gatanu * '''seis / sais''' – gatandatu * '''siete / siet''' – karindwi * '''güeito / ueito''' – umunani * '''nueu''' – icyenda * '''diez''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyaragoneze == * http://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalada [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] ck9om4y6evgdot9nizfvaxcwpjnd1m5 0 4403 18364 2011-01-11T00:04:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyarumeniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyarumeniya]] kvz9ywq2csy4nsptaxxvf48fe9adys5 0 4404 79066 77609 2021-08-30T21:51:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Armenian_Language_distribution_map.png|thumb|245x245px|Igihugu cya Armenia gihana imbi na Turkey, Georgia na Artsakh]] [[Dosiye:Cappadocia March 2006.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] '''Icyarumeniya''' (izina mu cyaragoneze : ''Հայերեն'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Arumeniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''hye'''. == Alfabeti y’icyarumeniya == *ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ ու և <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="38" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[Ա]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Բ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Գ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Դ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ե]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Զ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Է]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ը]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Թ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ժ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ի]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Լ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Խ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ծ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Կ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Հ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ձ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ղ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ճ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Մ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Յ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ն]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Շ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ո]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Չ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Պ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ջ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ռ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ս]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Վ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Տ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ր]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ց]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ւ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Փ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ք]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Օ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ֆ]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="38" | |- |align="center"|ա||align="center"|բ||align="center"|գ||align="center"|դ||align="center"|ե||align="center"|զ||align="center"|է||align="center"|ը||align="center"|թ||align="center"|ժ||align="center"|ի||align="center"|լ||align="center"|խ||align="center"|ծ||align="center"|կ||align="center"|հ||align="center"|ձ||align="center"|ղ||align="center"|ճ||align="center"|մ||align="center"|յ||align="center"|ն||align="center"|շ||align="center"|ո||align="center"|չ||align="center"|պ||align="center"|ջ||align="center"|ռ||align="center"|ս||align="center"|վ||align="center"|տ||align="center"|ր||align="center"|ց||align="center"|ւ||align="center"|փ||align="center"|ք||align="center"|օ||align="center"|ֆ |} </center> [[Dosiye:Armenian_language_in_the_Armenian_alphabet.png|thumb|Armenian language in the Armenian alphabet]] [[Dosiye:Ópera, Ereván, Armenia, 2016-10-03, DD 13.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|armenia]] == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyarumeniya == * '''բարև''' – Muraho * '''բարի գալուստ''' – Murakaza neza * '''ո՞նց եք?''' – Amakuru? * '''այո''' – Yego * '''ոչ''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''մեկ''' – rimwe * '''երկու''' – kabiri * '''երեք''' – gatatu * '''չորս''' – kane * '''հինգ''' – gatanu * '''վեց''' – gatandatu * '''յոթ''' – karindwi * '''ութ''' – umunani * '''ինն''' – icyenda * '''տասը''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyarumeniya == *http://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Գլխավոր_Էջ [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] g5u3cvugjh98ljqunfhuaizrg6uct5g 0 4405 18386 2011-01-11T08:43:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikatalani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikatalani]] 0zfgfsgcssd0lsa70o72jg2zq604n6x 0 4406 81773 79230 2022-01-31T11:41:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Catalan in Europe.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igikatalani</span>]] '''Igikatalani''' cyangwa '''Igikatala''' (izina mu gikatalani : ''català'' na ''valencià'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Esipanye]] ([[Kataloniya]], [[Valençia]], [[Ibirwa bya Balear]]) na [[Andora]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''cat'''. [[Dosiye:Villaseca de Henares, Guadalajara, España, 2017-01-03, DD 03.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|ahakoreshwa igikatalani]] == Alfabeti y’igikatalani == Igikatalani kigizwe n’inyuguti 26 : a (à) b c (ç) d e (é è) f g h i (í ï) j k l (l·l ll) m n o (ó ò) p q r s t u (ú ü) v w x y z :inyajwi 5 : a (à) e (é è) i (í ï) o (ó ò) u (ú ü) :indagi 21 : b c (ç) d f g h j k l (l·l ll) m n p q r s t v w x y z == Amagambo n'interuro mu gikatalani == * '''Hola''' – Muraho * '''Adéu''' – Mwirirwe ''cyangwa'' Muramuke ''cyangwa'' Murabeho * '''Gràcies''' – Murakoze * '''Sí''' – Yego * '''No''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''nombre''' – umubare * '''nombres''' – imibare * '''u / un''' – rimwe * '''dos''' – kabiri * '''tres''' – gatatu * '''quatre''' – kane * '''cinc''' – gatanu * '''sis''' – gatandatu * '''set''' – karindwi * '''vuit / huit''' – umunani * '''nou''' – icyenda * '''deu''' – icumi * '''onze''' – cumi na rimwe * '''dotze''' – cumi na kaviri * '''tretze''' – cumi na gatatu * '''catorze''' – cumi na kane * '''quinze''' – cumi na gatanu * '''setze''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''disset / desset / dèsset''' – cumi na karindwi * '''divuit / díhuit / devuit''' – cumi n’umunani * '''dinou / denou /dènou''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''vint''' – makumyabiri * '''vint-i-u''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''vint-i-dos''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''vint-i-tres''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''vint-i-quatre''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''vint-i-cinc''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''vint-i-sis''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''vint-i-set''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''vint-i-vuit / vint-i-huit''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''vint-i-nou''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''trenta''' – mirongo itatu * '''quaranta''' – mirongo ine * '''cinquanta''' – mirongo itanu * '''seixanta''' – mirongo itandatu * '''setanta''' – mirongo irindwi * '''vuitanta / huitanta''' – mirongo inani * '''noranta''' – mirongo cyenda * '''cent''' – ijana * '''mil''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gikatalani == * http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] [[Category:Andora]] [[Category:Esipanye]] jb24pdr4vjvr8kyf8aj108ldcev7jk2 0 4407 18393 2011-01-11T10:00:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicuvashi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicuvashi]] f9ob99dqqlisz4re5i0qaihnwtmflsl 0 4408 81767 79219 2022-01-31T11:40:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of Russia - Chuvash Republic (2008-03).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igicuvashi</span>]] '''Igicuvashi''' (izina mu gicuvashi : ''Чӑвашла'' cyangwa ''Чӑваш чĕлхи'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Cuvashiya]], [[Tatarisitani]] mu [[Burusiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''chv'''. [[Dosiye:Russian Imperial Family 1913.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Russian]] == Alfabeti y’igicuvashi == <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="37" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӑ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӗ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ҫ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӳ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="37" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|ӑ||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ӗ||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|ҫ||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ӳ||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * -'''сем''' : ** '''Чӑваш''' – '''Чӑвашсем''' Umucuvashi – Abacuvashi ** '''хӑлха''' – '''хӑлхасем''' ugutwi – amatwi ** '''ура''' – '''урасем''' ikirenge – ibirenge ** '''йывӑҫ''' – '''йывӑҫсем''' igiti – ibiti ** '''чул''' – '''чулсем''' ibuye – amabuye ** '''пулӑ''' – '''пулӑсем''' ifi – amafi ** '''хӗрарӑм''' – '''хӗрарӑмсем''' umugore – abagore ** '''ар ҫын''' – '''ар ҫынсем''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''ача''' – '''ачасем''' umwana – abwana ** '''алӑ''' – '''алӑсем''' ukuboko – amaboko (''cyangwa'' ikiganza – ibiganza): ** '''ҫурт''' – '''ҫуртсем''' inzu – amazu ** '''шӑл''' – '''шӑлсем''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''ҫӑмарта''' – '''ҫӑмартасем''' igi – amagi ** '''кӗнеке''' – '''кӗнекесем''' igitabo – ibitabo ** '''ӗне''' – '''ӗнесем''' inka – inka == Amagambo n'interuro mu gicuvashi == * '''тата''' – na * '''пыл хурчӗ''' – uruyuki * '''кайӑк''' – inyoni == Amabara == * '''шурӑ''' – umweru * '''хура''' – umukara * '''хӗрлӗ''' – umutuku * '''сарӑ''' – umuhondo * '''кӑвак''' – ubururu * '''симӗс''' – icatsi * '''хӑмӑр''' – ikigina == Imibare == * '''пӗрре''' – rimwe * '''иккӗ''' – kabiri * '''виҫҫӗ''' – gatatu * '''тӑваттӑ''' – kane * '''пиллӗк''' – gatanu * '''улттӑ''' – gatandatu * '''ҫиччӗ''' – karindwi * '''саккӑр''' – umunani * '''тӑххӑр''' – icyenda * '''вуннӑ''' – icumi * '''вунпӗр''' – cumi na rimwe * '''вуниккӗ''' – cumi na kaviri * '''вунвиҫҫӗ''' – cumi na gatatu * '''вунтӑваттӑ''' – cumi na kane * '''вунпиллӗк''' – cumi na gatanu * '''вунулттӑ''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''вунҫиччӗ''' – cumi na karindwi * '''вунсаккӑр''' – cumi n’umunani * '''вунтӑххӑр''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''ҫирӗм''' – makumyabiri * '''вӑтӑр''' – mirongo itatu * '''хӗрӗх''' – mirongo ine * '''аллӑ''' – mirongo itanu * '''утмӑл''' – mirongo itandatu * '''шитмӗл''' – mirongo irindwi * '''сакӑрвуннӑ''' – mirongo inani * '''тӑхӑрвуннӑ''' – mirongo cyenda * '''шӗр''' – ijana * '''пин''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gicuvashi == *http://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Тĕп_страница [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Cuvashiya]] d09e2l41f9ncrx41bqzvvrn9z4qpj8u 0 4409 81677 79052 2022-01-31T11:26:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Chuvashia.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Cuvashiya</span>]] [[File:Map of Russia - Chuvash Republic (2008-03).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Cuvashiya</span>]] [[File:Map chuvashia.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Cuvashiya</span>]] '''Cuvashiya''' (izina mu [[gicuvashi]] : ''Чӑваш Республики'' cyangwa ''Чӑваш Ен'' ; izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Чувашская Республика'' cyangwa ''Чувашия'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Russia.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Russia]] [[Category:Cuvashiya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 8hpidycnsfinoszhgcg183y28hfq0nh 14 4410 67511 64039 2013-04-02T19:00:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 55 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7469726]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] 1pta8u9twit4rp0siiv8m2tfzphd4kt 14 4415 67716 53408 2013-04-13T08:28:40Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7037304]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amabendera]] 0fiusyljav6dztt0xiej8aw6zdvu48o 14 4416 67510 62981 2013-04-02T19:00:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7217403]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Flags}} [[Category:Ibirango]] 7mb5zb7njxj756chjoqmet4af5jwvsz 14 4417 66146 62980 2013-03-11T11:03:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6576219]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 14 4418 66145 64048 2013-03-11T11:03:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6339135]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibirango by’Igihugu]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 8029yr1004bcone7pyt1hqusra7jgt7 14 4419 67250 61521 2013-03-14T05:53:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 58 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6940277]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibirango]] c38dlnotfvu8wkcvltb1nst51g00w93 0 4420 65873 55121 2013-03-11T10:55:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 41 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q186516]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flags at Josef Odlozil Memorial in Prague 14June2010 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">amabendera y’igihugu</font>]] [[File:Sears Tower lobby for the olympics.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">amabendera y’igihugu</font>]] [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’igihugu cy’u Rwanda</font>]] '''Ibendera ry’Igihugu''' Ibendera ry’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]] rigizwe n’amabara atatu : icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. [[Category:Amabendera y’Igihugu| ]] 74x43fygyp60xr2il65v46riacyrugl 0 4421 76115 65874 2021-07-18T14:44:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibirango by’igihugu''' Ibirango by’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]] ni: [[ibendera]], [[ikimenyetso mpamo cy’inyandiko za Leta]], [[intego n’indirimbo y’igihugu]]. [[Dosiye:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso mpamo cy' inyandiko za leta (Coat of arms of Rwanda)]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibirango by’Igihugu| ]] 1x5axlh8htqwkhpzz5dwqofl57hz2tl 0 4422 65871 63758 2013-03-11T10:55:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q14660]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sears Tower lobby for the olympics.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">amabendera y’igihugu</font>]] [[File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’icyesiperanto </font>]] [[File:Gay flag.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya LGBT </font>]] '''Ibendera''' [[Ibendera ry’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] rigizwe n’amabara atatu : icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, n’ubururu. [[Category:Amabendera| ]] ki68le5ercybbiijham5x4jkee1er7h 0 4423 79478 78138 2021-10-03T13:29:33Z Mrbobax 8233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_nziza.jpg|thumb|Rwanda nziza]] '''Rwanda Nziza''' ni [[indirimbo y’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Coat_of_arms_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Coat of arms of Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Indirimbo y' igihugu n' Ibendera n'ibirango by'u Rwanda]] Rwanda nziza gihugu cyacu Wuje imisozi - ibiyaga n'ibirunga <br\> Ngobyi iduhetse gahorane ishya... Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi Wowe utubumbiye hamwe twese Abanyarwanda uko watubyaye Berwa, sugira, singizwa iteka. Horana Imana, murage mwiza Ibyo tugukesha ntibishyikirwa- Umuco dusangiye uraturanga Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza Ubwenge, umutima,amaboko yacu Nibigukungahaze bikwiye Nuko utere imbere ubutitsa... Abakurambere b'intwari Bitanze batizigama... Baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe Utsinda ubukoroni na mpatisbihugu Byayogoje Afurika yose None uraganje mu bwigenge Tubukomeyeho uko turi twese Komeza imihigo Rwanda dukunda Duhagurukiye kukwitangira... Ngo amahoro asabe mu bagutuye Wishyire wizane muri byose Urangwe n'ishyaka - Utere imbere Uhamye umubano n'amahanga yose Maze ijabo ryawe riguhe ijambo. [[Category:Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] [[Category:Ibirango by’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuziki nyarwanda]] 2wjsqesss3vda4jkuwyj51entv0ky7q 14 4424 67748 64075 2013-04-13T09:10:42Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5615051]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indirimbo]] a2yaa7zaslhs5303gbwu56pi5cy0agd 14 4425 67483 63870 2013-04-02T18:57:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8871795]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuziki]] ikybhpiev4xr9c4vstlp8yrhaytxya4 0 4426 82409 76978 2022-04-04T08:32:56Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|rwanda flag]] '''Indirimbo y’igihugu''' Indirimbo y’igihugu cya Repubulika y’Rwanda ni : [[Rwanda Nziza]]. Rwanda nziza gihugu cyacu Wuje imisozi - ibiyaga n'ibirunga Ngobyi iduhetse gahorane ishya... Reka tukurate tukuvuge ibigwi Wowe utubumbiye hamwe twese Abanyarwanda uko watubyaye Berwa, sugira, singizwa iteka... Horana Imana, murage mwiza Ibyo tugukesha ntibishyikirwa- Umuco dusangiye uraturanga Ururimi rwacu rukaduhuza Ubwenge, umutima,amaboko yacu Nibigukungahaze bikwiye Nuko utere imbere ubutitsa... Abakurambere b'intwari Bitanze batizigama... Baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe Utsinda ubukoroni na mpatisbihugu Byayogoje Afurika yose None uraganje mu bwigenge Tubukomeyeho uko turi twese Komeza imihigo Rwanda dukunda Duhagurukiye kukwitangira... Ngo amahoro asabe mu bagutuye Wishyire wizane muri byose Urangwe n'ishyaka - Utere imbere Uhamye umubano n'amahanga yose Maze ijabo ryawe riguhe ijambo... [[Category:Indirimbo y’Igihugu| ]] 9sxcoetpjlv8erqlhe2c9vb5y0lvhq2 0 4427 77200 65876 2021-08-09T05:25:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EleanorRooseveltHumanRights.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ryerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ingabire_Marie_Immaculée.jpg|thumb|Madam Ingabire Marie Immaculée ushinzwe minisiteri yo kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda.]] '''Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ryerekeye Uburenganzira bwa Muntu''' cyangwa '''Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ryerekeye Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu''' , '''Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu''' , '''Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ry’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu''' , '''Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ku Burenganzira bwa Muntu''' , '''Itangazo Ryamamaza Hose Agaciro k’Umuntu'''<ref>[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=rua1 www.ohchr.org : Itangazo Ryamamaza Hose Agaciro k’Umuntu]</ref> (UDHR mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; izina mu cyongereza : ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'' ) Taliki ya cumi y’ukwa desembri mu mwaka wa 1948, niwo munsi Ikoraniro rusange rya [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] (ONU) ryemeje likanamenyesha Itangazo ryo kwamamaza hose ibyerekeye agaciro ka Muntu. Ikoraniro rusange ryasabye ibihugu byose bili muli l'ONU gukora uko bishoboye kugira ngo iryo Tangazo lizatangirwe ku mugaragaro, ryamamare hose kandi lisobanurwe, cyane cyane mu mashuli, ali amato ali ayisumbuye, mu bihugu byose, ibyigenga n'ibigitegekwa. == Intangiliro == [[Dosiye:2014_Human_Chain_for_Basque_Country's_Right_to_Decide_01.jpg|thumb|Uburenganzira bwa muntu iyo butubahirijwe neza bidindiza iterambere kumpande zose yaba k'umuturage cyangwa ku igihugu muri rusange.]] Ikoraniro rusange lilibutsa ko: * Ugushyira ukizana, ituze n’ubutungane mu bihugu bishingiye ku karusho ka buli muntu, kadasibangana, gahamya icyubahiro akwiye n’agaciro twese duhulijeho, * Gusuzugura no kwirengagiza ako gaciro n’icyubahiro bya buli muntu nibyo byateye bamwe imigenzereze isa n’iy’inyamaswa, umutima w'umuntu utakwihanganira. Nicyogituma twemeza ko icyo umuntu wese yimilije imbere y’ibindi al’ugushyira akizana, nta nkomyi mu mvugo no mu bitekerezo, akibera aho nta nduru nta butindi, * Ali ngombwa ko hashingwa amategeko arengera ako gaciro ka buli muntu, akamulinda ubuja n'agahato, * Ikindi ngombwa nu gukomeza umubano w’ibihugu, * Ibihugu byunz’ubumwe byiyemeje muli Charte ya l'ONU kuzahora byubaha agaciro k’umuntu wese, yaba umugore yaba umugabo, bose niko bakwiye kwubahwa kimwe. Ibyo bihugu byiyemeje kandi kuzaharanira amajyambere mu mibanire m’imibereho y’abantu ku mudendezo, * Ibihugu byose byunz'ubumwe byarahiliye gufasha umuryango wa l'ONU kwubahisha hose agaciro n'uburenganzira bishingiye kuli kamere ya buli muntu, * Kugira ngo ibyo twarahiliye tubishyikire, tugomba no guhuza igitekerezo ku byerekeye ako gaciro n’uburenganzira bya buli muntu, * Ikoraniro rusange ryamamaje ili Tangazo ryerekeye agaciro ka buli muntu, ligomba kuyobora abaturage b’ibihugu byose uburyo bwo kwitoza umuco wo kwubaha agaciro n’uburenganzira bw’umuntu. Uwo muco niwo amategeko agenga buli gihugu n’atunganya umubano w’igihugu agomba gushishikalira kwinjuza muli byose, ali nu nyigisho z’urubyiruko mu mashuli, ali no mu milirere yose y’abaturage, kugira ngo bose hamwe, ali abatuye mu bihugu muli l'ONU, ndetse n'abatarashyikira ubwigenge, uwo muco abe aliwo bimiliza imbere. == Ingingo == '''Ingingo ya 1''' : Abantu bose bavuka aliko bakwiye agaciro no kwubahwa kimwe. Bose bavukana ubwenge n’umutima, bagomba kugilirana kivandimwe. '''Ingingo ya 2''' : Umuntu wese akwiye kwemererwa kwafite agaciro n’uburenganzira bwose bwahamijwe muli ili Tangazo. Nta muntu uzongera gucishwa ku wundi ku mpamvu gusa z’ubwoko, ibara ry’umubili, idini yemera cyanga se ibitekerezo afite muli politique no mu zindi ngingo, ntawe uzazira igihugu akomokamo, ubworo amavuka cyanga se indi mimerere yindi. Kandi nta muntu uruta undi, ngo kuko baba bakomoka mu bihugu batareshya. Ali abaturage b’ibihugu byigenga cyanga se bigitwarwa, bikiyoborwa n’ibindi, bose ni abantu kimwe. '''Ingingo ya 3''' : Umuntu wese agomba kubaho, gushyira akizana no kutarengana. '''Ingingo ya 4''' : Nta muntu ukwiye guhinduka imbohe cyanga umuja. Kugira abantu abaja cyanga se kubacururuza biraciwe rwose. '''Ingingo ya 5''' : Nta muntu ugomba kugilirwa urugomo, kuzira agashinyaguro, kwicwa urupfu rubi. n’izindi<ref>[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=rua1 www.ohchr.org : Itangazo Ryamamaza Hose Agaciro k’Umuntu]</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] g7ig5ioj179c99wxq7v68xx9u09njmi 0 4431 18537 2011-01-11T18:55:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubwongereza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubwongereza]] h8ukpmxwy61bwxkd5o9wjmcojeaabq9 14 4435 65991 62651 2013-03-11T10:58:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 91 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3919830]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 0 4442 18591 2011-01-11T22:49:01Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Igiti cy’ubuhinde]] to [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiti cy’Ubuhinde]] qnw6f9a7z6iehhvd7grj4za68hbikvd 0 4443 18623 2011-01-12T02:12:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubutaliyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubutaliyani]] 1egmugzlftlp6nx1zifbrw6hqs5shub 0 4444 18627 2011-01-12T02:14:57Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umutobe w'imbuto]] to [[Umutobe w’imbuto]]: true apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutobe w’imbuto]] kc1piy9jzqazc9cs9n2x1ofgv72r3p8 0 4445 67394 66087 2013-03-20T12:01:48Z Bill william compton 3048 [[:commons:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806.gif]] → [[File:Scabby Bull, Arapaho.gif]] [[:commons:COM:FR#reasons|File renaming criterion #3]]: Correct misleading names into accurate ones.Photography didn't exist in 1806. It's pr... wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Arapaho Nation.svg|thumb|100px|<font color="grey"></font>]] [[File:Scabby Bull, Arapaho.gif|thumb|100px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''Icyarapaho''' (izina mu cyarapaho : ''Hinóno'eitíít'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Wyoming]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''arp'''. == umugereka – ubuke == ** '''hinén''' – '''hinénnó' ''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''noon''' – '''nóóno''' igi – amagi ** '''nówo' ''' – '''nówou'u''' ifi – amafi ** '''hohé' ''' – '''hoh'énii''' umusozi – imisozi ** '''ni'ec ''' – '''ni'ecii ''' ikiyaga – ibiyaga == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyarapaho == * '''hisei''' – umugore * '''hiii''' – urubura [[Category:Indimi za Aligonkiyani]] hocrpwk0o3t1953acjmlwx6prvygw87 14 4446 67501 54083 2013-04-02T18:59:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 23 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8235245]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 4447 19680 18717 2011-01-16T12:17:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] sp85lul1o7lmvv5udfwrzo8qnkadmpa 0 4448 81686 79072 2022-01-31T11:28:16Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gbe languages.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyewe (''umuhondo''): Togo, Gana na Bene</span>]] [[Dosiye:First Locomotive Lome-Aneho (Togo).jpg|thumb|aneho ]] '''Icyewe''' (izina mu cyewe : ''Eʋegbe'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Togo]], [[Gana]] na [[Bene]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ewe'''. == Alfabeti y’icyewe == Icyewe kigizwe n’inyuguti 30 : '''a b d ɖ e ɛ f ƒ g ɣ h x i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v ʋ w y z''' :inyajwi 7 : '''a e ɛ i o ɔ u''' :indagi 23 : '''b d ɖ f ƒ g ɣ h x k l m n ŋ p r s t v ʋ w y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɖ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɛ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ƒ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɣ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ŋ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɔ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ʋ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|d||align="center"|ɖ||align="center"|e||align="center"|ɛ||align="center"|f||align="center"|ƒ||align="center"|g||align="center"|ɣ||align="center"|h||align="center"|x||align="center"|i||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ŋ||align="center"|o||align="center"|ɔ||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|ʋ||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == -'''wó''' * '''ŋkɔ''' – '''ŋkɔwo''' izina – amazina * '''ŋútsu''' – '''ŋútsu̍wó''' umugabo – abagabo * '''nyɔnu''' – '''nyɔnuwo''' umugore – abagore * '''xɔ''' – '''xɔwó''' inzu – amazu * '''atí''' – '''atíwó''' igiti – ibiti == Imibare == * '''ɖeka''' – rimwe * '''eve''' – kabiri * '''etɔ̃''' – gatatu * '''ene''' – kane * '''atɔ̃''' – gatanu * '''ade''' – gatandatu * '''adre''' – karindwi * '''enyi''' – umunani * '''asieke''' – icyenda * '''ewo''' – icumi * '''wuiɖekɛ''' – cumi na rimwe * '''wuieve''' – cumi na kaviri * '''wuietɔ̃''' – cumi na gatatu * '''wuiene''' – cumi na kane * '''wuiatɔ̃''' – cumi na gatanu * '''wuiade''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''wuiadre''' – cumi na karindwi * '''wuienyi''' – cumi n’umunani * '''wuiasieke''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''blaeve''' – makumyabiri * '''blaetɔ̃''' – mirongo itatu * '''blaene''' – mirongo ine * '''blaatɔ̃''' – mirongo itanu * '''blaade''' – mirongo itandatu * '''blaadre''' – mirongo irindwi * '''blaenyi''' – mirongo inani * '''blaasieke''' – mirongo cyenda * '''alafa ɖeka''' – ijana * '''akpe ɖeka''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu cyewe == * http://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axa_do_Ŋgɔ [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] [[Category:Togo]] [[Category:Gana]] [[Category:Bene]] t1vvzugyvvvq310hdavncetfoaays1x 14 4449 66176 62390 2013-03-11T11:03:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5626512]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4450 66199 60984 2013-03-11T11:04:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 111 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5626361]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4451 67255 60982 2013-03-14T05:53:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 102 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6882804]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4452 18695 2011-01-12T16:03:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyewe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyewe]] qehf9stpbw3daez6i90n90838r3vege 14 4453 19673 18709 2011-01-16T12:14:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] o7lo36dpygh4279q22ixi8xwg53w838 0 4454 81692 79096 2022-01-31T11:29:11Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Votskij bukvar.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inkoranyamagambo mu Cyudimuriti na Kirusiya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Russian Imperial Family 1913.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|umuryango]] '''Icyudimuriti''' (izina mu cyudimuriti: ''Удмурт кыл'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Udimuritiya]] mu [[Burusiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''udm'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’icyudimuriti == Icyudimuriti kigizwe n’inyuguti 38 : а б в г д е ё ж ӝ з ӟ и ӥ й к л м н о ӧ п р с т у ф х ц ч ӵ ш щ ъ ы ьэ ю я <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="38" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӝ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӟ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӥ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӧ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӵ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="38" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ж||align="center"|ӝ||align="center"|з||align="center"|ӟ||align="center"|и||align="center"|ӥ||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|ӧ||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ӵ||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == -'''ос''' (cyangwa -['''ъ''']'''ёс''') : * '''сяська''' – '''сяськаос''' ururabyo – indabyo * '''нылкышно''' – '''нылкышноос''' umugore – abagore * '''корка''' – '''коркаос''' inzu – amazu * '''пыд''' – '''пыдъёс''' ikirenge – ibirenge * '''чорыг''' – '''чорыгъёс''' ifi – amafi * '''пу''' – '''пуъёс''' igiti – ibiti * '''из''' – '''изъёс''' ibuye – amabuye * '''пиосмурт''' – '''пиосмуртъёс''' umugabo – abagabo * '''пинал''' – '''пиналъёс''' umwana – abwana * '''пинь''' – '''пиньёс''' iryinyo – amenyo == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyudimuriti == [[File:Otiskom.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] * '''но''' – na * '''яке''' – cyangwa * '''тылобурдо''' – inyoni * '''ыж''' – intama * '''кофе''' – ikawa * '''чай''' – icyayi * '''ву''' – amazi == Amabara == * '''тӧдьы''' – umweru * '''сьӧд''' – umukara * '''горд''' – umutuku * '''ӵуж''' – umuhondo * '''лыз''' – ubururu * '''вож''' – icatsi * '''курень''' – ikigina == Imibare == * '''одӥг''' – rimwe * '''кык''' – kabiri * '''куинь''' – gatatu * '''ньыль''' – kane * '''вить''' – gatanu * '''куать''' – gatandatu * '''сизьым''' – karindwi * '''тямыс''' – umunani * '''укмыс''' – icyenda * '''дас''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyudimuriti == * http://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Кутскон_бам [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Udimuritiya]] f1kh8k5celrcvua28yirh3y5gswmqlc 0 4455 18728 2011-01-12T18:12:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyudimuriti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyudimuriti]] 0xd33eeh60otzig312nc105fkrzljxe 14 4456 67256 63941 2013-03-14T05:53:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7158207]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] 1pta8u9twit4rp0siiv8m2tfzphd4kt 0 4457 66200 64071 2013-03-11T11:04:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5422]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Udmurtia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Udimuritiya</font>]] [[File:Map of Russia - Udmurt Republic (2008-03).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Udimuritiya</font>]] [[File:Udmurt03.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Udimuritiya</font>]] '''Udimuritiya''' (izina mu [[cyudimuriti]] : ''Удмуртия'' cyangwa ''Удмурт Элькун'', ''Удмурт Республика'' ; izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Удмуртская Республика'' cyangwa ''Удмуртия'') n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Udimuritiya| ]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qlzrxmnhzv6pm1yzj3bbjxezodoy58z 0 4458 82583 18745 2022-04-27T06:15:01Z 41.186.78.235 Americans wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amazina y’ururimi mu kinyarwanda]] Americans jl6gs1ig61b0k2zgtf7197b92sh04w4 0 4459 77396 66202 2021-08-10T02:09:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Windows Blue Screen on room full of computers.JPG|thumb|windows]] '''Lojisiyeli zingenzi''' Nubwo lojisiyeli zimwe na zimwe ushobora kuzibona bitewe na sistemi yawe, ibi bireba gusa abantu bakoresha windows. [[Category:Mudasobwa]] 0ij7tnb8fruj1rvp121i4rqx8cuy9g9 14 4460 50918 18910 2012-05-02T23:08:06Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[gu:શ્રેણી:કૉમ્પ્યુટર]] (deleted) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[af:Kategorie:Rekenaar]] [[als:Kategorie:Computer]] [[ar:تصنيف:حوسبة]] [[ba:Категория:Компьютер]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Камп'ютар]] [[bg:Категория:Изчислителна техника]] [[ca:Categoria:Ordinadors]] [[cv:Категори:Компьютерсем]] [[cs:Kategorie:Počítače]] [[da:Kategori:Computere]] [[de:Kategorie:Computer]] [[es:Categoría:Computadoras]] [[eo:Kategorio:Komputilo]] [[fa:رده:رایانش]] [[fy:Kategory:Kompjûter]] [[he:קטגוריה:מחשוב]] [[ko:분류:컴퓨터]] [[hy:Կատեգորիա:Համակարգիչ]] [[hr:Kategorija:Računala]] [[id:Kategori:Komputer]] [[ia:Categoria:Computatores]] [[os:Категори:Компьютер]] [[is:Flokkur:Tölvur]] [[it:Categoria:Computer]] [[krc:Категория:Компьютер]] [[ka:კატეგორია:კომპიუტერი]] [[ku:Kategorî:Kompûter]] [[ky:Category:Компьютер]] [[lv:Kategorija:Datori]] [[li:Categorie:Computer]] [[hu:Kategória:Számítógépek]] [[mk:Категорија:Сметачи]] [[nl:Categorie:Computer]] [[ja:Category:パーソナルコンピュータ]] [[mn:Ангилал:Тооцоолол]] [[no:Kategori:Datamaskiner]] [[nn:Kategori:Datamaskinar]] [[nds:Kategorie:Reekner]] [[pl:Kategoria:Komputery]] [[pt:Categoria:Computadores]] [[kaa:Kategoriya:Kompyuter]] [[ro:Categorie:Computer]] [[ru:Категория:Компьютер]] [[sco:Category:Computers]] [[simple:Category:Computers]] [[sk:Kategória:Počítače]] [[sr:Категорија:Рачунање]] [[su:Kategori:Komputer]] [[sv:Kategori:Datorer]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:คอมพิวเตอร์]] [[tg:Гурӯҳ:Компютер]] [[udm:Категория:Компьютер]] [[uk:Категорія:Комп'ютер]] [[ur: زمرہ:شمارندکاری]] [[vi:Thể loại:Máy tính]] [[vls:Categorie:Computer]] [[zh-yue:Category:電腦]] 1s6g4s264zgdrmgldvfgarj81w6665d 0 4462 78425 76435 2021-08-24T22:39:13Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''AVG Basic''' ni ubuntu. Ubu bwoko ntabwo busaba urufunguzo bwo kubukoresha. Bitandukanye cyane na Avast ndetse na Avira, uburyo bwo kumenykanisha virus nshya ntabwo bwikora bisaba ngo abe ari wowe ubikora. [[Dosiye:AVG_Secure_Browser_Icon_(Similar).svg|thumb|AVG ]] [[Dosiye:How to scan device using ESET Mobile Security for Android.ogv|center|thumb|320x320px|scan device]] [[Category:Mudasobwa]] pu7khjd6ha9gpd9ueitsjyzeqjvq322 0 4463 76417 71540 2021-07-25T15:28:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avast!''' kubayikoresha bonyine urahari. Uburo bwo kumenyekanisha za virus nshya birikora ubwa bwo. Ni ngombwa kwiyandikisha [[Dosiye:Avast_Mobile_Security_&_Antivirus.png|thumb|Avast Antivirus]] (kwiyandikisha by'ubuntu) hanyuma urufunguzo rwo kuyifungura rukoherzwa kuri email yawe. [[Category:Mudasobwa]] nbgxzt3diz5phvobh3eechca15ht4h5 0 4464 76436 65915 2021-07-26T13:15:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Avira Personal Edition Classic''' ni ubundi bwoko bwa anti virus bw'ubuntu kandi bukora neza bushobora gukoreshwa nta kwiyandikisha kubayeho. uburyi bwo kumenyekanisha virus nshya bwikora bushobora gukorwa. [[Dosiye:Avira_Antivirus_Logo.svg|thumb|Avira Antivirus ]] [[Category:Mudasobwa]] 5jx5pdxbva1pdf2s28297hvj4mvx2oq 14 4467 67490 50177 2013-04-02T18:58:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7482528]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indwara]] [[Category:Inyoni]] o9twu12kufdlqsbtnu2uquepgzgoql2 0 4482 79090 75996 2021-08-31T07:04:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:South Africa 2001 Xhosa speakers proportion map.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikigisosa</font>]] [[Dosiye:IsiXhosa_speakers_density_ZA.svg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikigisosa</font>]] '''Ikigisosa''' cyangwa '''Ikixosa''' , '''Inyehawusa'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] </ref> (izina mu kigisosa: ''isiXhosa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''xho'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikigisosa == <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="27" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|(G’)||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="27" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|(g’)||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * '''umntwana''' – '''abantwana''' umwana – abana * '''indoda''' – '''amadoda''' umugabo – abagabo * '''ihashe''' – '''amahashe''' ifarashi – amafarashi * '''umvundla''' – '''imivundla''' urukwavu – inkwavu == Amagambo n'interuro mu kimokisha == == Imibare == * '''nye''' – rimwe * '''mbini''' – kabiri * '''ntathu''' – gatatu * '''ne''' – kane * '''ntlanu''' – gatanu * '''ntandathu''' – gatandatu * '''sixhenkxe''' – karindwi * '''sibhozo''' – umunani * '''lithoba''' – icyenda * '''lishumi''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kigisosa == * http://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphepha_Elingundoqo == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] arrs92pxjk7iznmpd7osiyr23y6716f 0 4483 18863 18862 2011-01-12T23:20:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigisosa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigisosa]] ct27ftfsy4gjvu5k3oynsp3m4a8jx1c 0 4484 18864 2011-01-12T23:20:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigisosa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigisosa]] ct27ftfsy4gjvu5k3oynsp3m4a8jx1c 0 4487 18885 2011-01-13T01:43:27Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ouagadougou]] to [[Wagadugu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wagadugu]] 09e5ethf7pn4frs6c720jsk58so83rl 0 4488 18889 2011-01-13T01:47:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Cade]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Cade]] aybpgt5njmfzobanbpm1v9ivakqkhoh 0 4489 78153 76280 2021-08-22T13:17:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingoma y imbino.jpg|thumb|INGOMA]] [[Dosiye:Ingoma.png|thumb|INGOMA]] [[Dosiye:Drum_for_cultural_dance.jpg|thumb|Ingoma yo kubyina umuco]] '''Ingoma''' ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cyari mu birangamuco w’[[Abanyarwanda]], ariko ikaba yari ifite byinshi isobanura mu muco n’amateka y’abanyarwanda. Kera mu [[Rwanda]] rwo ha mbere ndetse no mu bihugu bidukikije, ingoma yari ikintu kizwiho agaciro kanini cyane. [[Category:Umuziki nyarwanda]] m8ni6koo6ha5xm3cvkzzx5j1cns6bos 14 4490 67500 18895 2013-04-02T18:59:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7482371]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuziki]] [[Category:Rwanda]] e8sy1h7tz3o11f7oiyjjmlgw69hxhzs 0 4491 77954 77094 2021-08-19T12:21:20Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwanda Rwacu''' n’[[indirimbo y’igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] (1962 &ndash; 1 Mutarama 2002). <font color="grey"> :'''1''' :Rwanda rwacu, Rwanda gihugu cyambyaye,[[File:Amahamba.jpg|thumb|Amahamba]] :Ndakuratana ishyaka n’ubutwari. :Iyo nibutse ibigwi wagize kugeza ubu, :nshimira abarwanashyaka :bazanye Repubulika idahinyuka. :Bavandimwe b’uru Rwanda rwacu twese :Nimuhaguruke, :Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri, :mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane. :'''2''' :Impundu nizivuge mu Rwanda hose, :Republika yakuye ubuhake, :Ubukolonize bwagiye nk’ifuni iheze. :Shinga imizi Demokarasi :Waduhaye kwitorera abategetsi. :Banyarwanda: abakuru :Namwe abato mwizihiye u Rwanda, :Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri, ::Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane. :'''3''' :Bavukarwanda mwese muvuze impundu,[[File:Gutora ibishyimbo.jpg|thumb|Gutora ibishyimbo]] :Demokarasi yarwo iraganje. :Twayiharaniye rwose twese uko tungana. :Gatutsi, Gatwa na Gahutu Namwe Banyarwanda bandi mwabyiyemeje, :Indepandansi twatsindiye :Twese hamwe tuyishyikire, :Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri, :Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane. :'''4''' :Nimuze dusingize Ibendera ryacu. :Arakabaho na Prezida wacu. :Barakabaho abaturage b’iki gihugu. :Intego yacu Banyarwanda :Twishyire kandi twizane mu Rwanda rwacu.[[File:Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda]] :Twese hamwe, twunge ubumwe :Nta mususu dutere imbere ko, :Turubumbatire mu mahoro, mu kuri, :Mu bwigenge no mu bwumvikane. </font> [[Category:Indirimbo y’Igihugu]] [[Category:Ibirango by’Igihugu cy’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuziki nyarwanda]] c5cr5vifp4dmymk7gyxv0pbhoh9stok 14 4492 67738 63576 2013-04-13T09:01:49Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 133 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4884546]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 14 4493 67749 62475 2013-04-13T09:12:29Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 149 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4049595]] wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 4497 18951 2011-01-13T13:44:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Indonesiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indonesiya]] ilgkddmblt61z19znzzvocckjwqolsy 0 4498 66066 64037 2013-03-11T11:01:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 32 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3795]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kalimantan2.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kalimantana</font>]] '''Kalimantana''' * [[Kalimantana y’Iburengerazuba]] * [[Kalimantana y’Iburasirazuba]] * [[Santara Kalimantana]] * [[Kalimantana y’Amajyepfo]] [[Category:Indonesiya]] tekmb37xvjyo8xd755stt03jbv9vrjj 0 4499 81588 78886 2022-01-31T11:13:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jalan Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Banjarimasini</span>]] '''Banjarimasini''' (izina mu [[kinyendonisiya]] : ''Kota Banjarmasin'' ; izina mu [[kibanjari]] : ''Kuta Banjarmasin'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Kalimantana y’Amajyepfo]] muri [[Indonesiya]]. Intego ni : ''Kayuh Baimbai'' (mu kibanjari). [[Dosiye:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|indonesia flag]] [[Category:Indonesiya]] 5b4o85k8rz5aypg0gekwc6fb1dn0td8 0 4502 19049 2011-01-13T20:21:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyamaswa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyamaswa]] mzu9z1pzubm1dsi5ao4wunijy05kz04 0 4503 19050 2011-01-13T20:21:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyamaswa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyamaswa]] mzu9z1pzubm1dsi5ao4wunijy05kz04 0 4504 19053 2011-01-13T20:27:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyamaswa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyamaswa]] mzu9z1pzubm1dsi5ao4wunijy05kz04 0 4505 81528 76020 2022-01-31T11:03:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nokota Horses cropped.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafarashi</span>]] [[File:Trojan horse Çanakkale.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">'''Ifarashi y’umutego''': ifilime ''Troy'' i Canakkale muri Turukiya</span>]] '''Ifarashi''' ( ubuke '''Amafarashi''') (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Equus ferus caballus'' ) [[Dosiye:A_Ifarasi_03.jpg|thumb|A Ifarasi 03]] == Isingwa == * [[Isiganwa ry’amafarashi]] == Ibimera == * [[Umwembe]] w'ifarashi (''Mangifera foetida'') == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] 7somotlx01kfjr24t6criat55xl3kgx 0 4506 19063 2011-01-13T21:10:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ifarashi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ifarashi]] 9clv5c7vt9l6nssk1fo2xge3f2aphfh 0 4507 19068 2011-01-13T21:12:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ifarashi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ifarashi]] 9clv5c7vt9l6nssk1fo2xge3f2aphfh 14 4508 65998 63414 2013-03-11T10:58:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 214 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457673]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 4511 19113 2011-01-13T23:38:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] 49dt70m73l2rr856dmkik6gder56vik 0 4517 19134 2011-01-14T00:40:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uburundi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburundi]] rv3kqclh2a6pgzercre2j741yure0pn 0 4518 77119 68819 2021-08-07T23:58:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inyoni zo mu Rwanda''' U [[Rwanda]] ni kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere bicumbikiye [[inyoni]] harimo amoko yazo 670 atandukanye yamaze kwandikwa. Amoko 4 y'inyoni zo mu Rwanda asa n’akendera: inyoni ifite umunwa umeze nk’urukweto bita ''shoebill'' (''Balaeniceps rex'') cyangwa ''bec-en-sabot'' mu ndimi z’amahanga yabonetse mu Kagera; inyoni ifite umunwa umeze nk’urushinge runini rurerure bita ''Grauer’s rush warbler'' (''Bradyptrus graueri'') cyangwa ''la paruline pointe de Grauer'' mu ndimi z’amahanga yo muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]], muri Nyungwe no mu bishanga bya Rugezi; [[Apalis Kungwe]] (''Apalis argentea'') muri Nyungwe; n’ubwoko bw’igihunyira cyo mu bihugu bya Afurika cyangwa muri Kongo (''Phodilus prigoginei'') cyabonetse mu nkengero z’[[ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. == Podicipediformes / Podicipedidae == [[File:Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) (14).JPG|right|100px]] *''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' *''Podiceps cristatus'' <br /> == Pelecaniformes / Pelecanidae == [[File:Whitepelican edit shadowlift.jpg|right|100px]] *''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' *''Pelecanus rufescens'' <br /> == Pelecaniformes / Phalacrocoracidae == [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Long-tailed Cormorant (Phalacrocorax africanus).jpg|right|100px]] *''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *''Phalacrocorax africanus'' <br /> == Pelecaniformes / Anhingidae == [[File:Anhingarufa1.JPG|right|100px]] *''Anhinga melanogaster'' <br /> <br /> == Ciconiiformes / Ardeidae == [[File:Great Egret Fish.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Western Reef heron (Egretta gularis).JPG|right|100px]] [[File:Little Egret Reflection.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:090504-squacco-heron-at-KAlloni-salt-pans.jpg|right|100px]] *''Ardea cinerea'' *''Ardea melanocephala'' *''Ardea goliath'' *''Ardea purpurea'' *''Ardea alba'' *''Egretta ardesiaca'' *''Egretta intermedia'' *''Egretta gularis'' *''Egretta garzetta'' *''Ardeola ralloides'' *''Ardeola idae'' *''Ardeola rufiventris'' *''Bubulcus ibis'' &ndash; '''[[Inyange]]''' *''Butorides striata'' *''Nycticorax nycticorax'' *''Gorsachius leuconotus'' *''Ixobrychus sturmii'' == Ciconiiformes / Scopidae == [[File:Scopus umbretta qtl1.jpg|right|100px]] *''Scopus umbretta'' <br /> <br /> == Ciconiiformes / Ciconiidae == [[File:Mycteria ibis.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Ciconia_ciconia_01.JPG|right|100px]] *''Mycteria ibis'' *''Anastomus lamelligerus'' *''Ciconia nigra'' *''Ciconia abdimii'' *''Ciconia episcopus'' *''Ciconia ciconia'' *''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis'' *''Leptoptilos crumeniferus'' <br /> == Ciconiiformes / Balaenicipididae == [[File:Balaeniceps rex -San Diego Zoo-8.jpg|right|100px]] *''Balaeniceps rex'' <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Ciconiiformes / Threskiornithidae == [[File:Hadada Ibis (Bostrychia hagedash).jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Plegadis falcinellus Syracuse.jpg|right|100px]] *''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' *''Bostrychia rara'' *''Bostrychia hagedash'' *''Plegadis falcinellus'' *''Platalea alba'' <br /> <br /> == Phoenicopteriformes / Phoenicopteridae == [[File:Flam.lesser.600pix (Pingstone).jpg|right|100px]] *''Phoenicopterus minor'' <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Anseriformes / Anatidae == [[File:Kapente schwimmend Ausschnitt.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Gelbschnabelente Anas undulata 0505273 Wikiausschnitt.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Red-billed Pintail (Anas erythrorhyncha) RWD1.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Anatra ottentotta (Zurich zoo).jpeg|right|100px]] [[File:Netta erythrophthalma Germany01.jpg|right|100px]] *''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *''Dendrocygna viduata'' *''Thalassornis leuconotus'' *''Alopochen aegyptiacus'' *''Plectropterus gambensis'' &ndash; '''[[Imbata]]''' *''Sarkidiornis melanotos'' *''Pteronetta hartlaubii'' *''Nettapus auritus'' *''Anas sparsa'' *''Anas crecca'' *''Anas capensis'' *''Anas undulata'' &ndash; '''[[Ibishuhe]]''' *''Anas acuta'' *''Anas erythrorhyncha'' *''Anas hottentota'' *''Anas querquedula'' *''Anas clypeata'' *''Netta erythrophthalma'' *''Aythya ferina'' *''Oxyura maccoa'' == Falconiformes / Pandionidae == [[File:Osprey mg 9605.jpg|right|100px]] *''Pandion haliaetus'' <br /> <br /> <br /> == Falconiformes / Accipitridae == [[File:Black-shouldered Kite Sandy Hollow.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:African fish eagle just caught fish.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Terathopius ecaudatus -San Diego Zoo-8a.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Melierax metabates -Kapama Game Reserve, South Africa-8-4c.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Shikra1.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:AccipiterOvampensisKeulemans.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Aquila wahlbergi.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Polemaetus bellicosus -Masai Mara-8.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Long-crested Eagle.jpg|right|100px]] *''Aviceda cuculoides'' *''Pernis apivorus'' *''Macheiramphus alcinus'' *''Elanus caeruleus'' *''Chelictinia riocourii'' *''Milvus migrans'' *''Haliaeetus vocifer'' *''Gypohierax angolensis'' *''Necrosyrtes monachus'' *''Neophron percnopterus'' *''Gyps africanus'' *''Gyps rueppellii'' *''Torgos tracheliotus'' *''Trigonoceps occipitalis'' *''Circaetus beaudouini'' *''Circaetus pectoralis'' *''Circaetus cinereus'' *''Circaetus cinerascens'' *''Terathopius ecaudatus'' *''Circus aeruginosus'' *''Circus ranivorus'' *''Circus macrourus'' *''Circus pygargus'' *''Polyboroides typus'' *''Kaupifalco monogrammicus'' *''Goshawk Melierax metabates'' *''Micronisus gabar'' *''Accipiter castanilius'' *''Accipiter badius'' *''Accipiter minullus'' *''Accipiter ovampensis'' *''Accipiter rufiventris'' *''Accipiter melanoleucus'' *''Urotriorchis macrourus'' *''Butastur rufipennis'' *''Buteo buteo'' *''Buteo oreophilus'' *''Buteo auguralis'' *''Buteo augur'' *''Aquila pomarina'' *''Aquila rapax'' *''Aquila nipalensis'' *''Aquila wahlbergi'' *''Aquila verreauxii'' *''Eagle Aquila spilogaster'' *''Aquila pennatus'' *''Eagle Aquila ayresii'' *''Polemaetus bellicosus'' *''Lophaetus occipitalis'' *''Spizaetus africanus'' *''Stephanoaetus coronatus'' == Falconiformes / Sagittariidae == [[File:Sagittarius serpentarius Sekretär.JPG|right|100px]] *''Sagittarius serpentarius'' <br /> <br /> <br /> == Falconiformes / Falconidae == * ''Polihierax semitorquatus'' * ''Falco naumanni'' * ''Falco tinnunculus'' * ''Falco ardosiaceus'' * ''Falcon Falco chicquera'' * ''Falco vespertinus'' * ''Falco amurensis'' * ''Falco eleonorae'' * ''Falco concolor'' * ''Falco subbuteo'' * ''Falco cuvierii'' * ''Falco biarmicus'' * ''Falco peregrinus'' == Galliformes / Phasianidae == * [[Dosiye:A inyoni 01.jpg|thumb|320x320px|inyoni]]''Francolinus coqui'' * ''Francolinus streptophorus'' * ''Francolinus levaillantii'' * ''Francolinus shelleyi'' * ''Francolinus squamatus'' * ''Francolinus hildebrandti'' * ''Francolinus afer'' * ''Francolinus nobilis'' * ''Coturnix coturnix'' * ''Coturnix delegorguei'' * ''Coturnix adansonii'' == Galliformes / Numididae == * ''Numida meleagris'' * ''Guttera pucherani'' == Gruiformes / Turnicidae == * ''Turnix sylvatica'' * ''Turnix hottentotta'' == Gruiformes / Gruidae == * ''Balearica regulorum'' &ndash; '''[[Imisambi]]''' == Gruiformes / Rallidae == * ''Sarothrura pulchra'' * ''Sarothrura elegans'' * ''Sarothrura rufa'' * ''Sarothrura lugens'' * ''Sarothrura boehmi'' * ''Sarothrura ayresi'' * ''caerulescens'' * ''Crecopsis egregia'' * ''Crex crex'' * ''Amaurornis flavirostris'' * ''Porzana parva'' * ''Porzana pusilla'' * ''Porzana porzana'' * ''Aenigmatolimnas marginalis'' * ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' * ''Porphyrio alleni'' * ''Gallinula chloropus'' * ''Gallinula angulata'' * ''Coot Fulica cristata'' == Gruiformes / Heliornithidae == * ''Podica senegalensis'' == Gruiformes / Otididae == * ''Neotis denhami'' * ''Lissotis melanogaster'' == Charadriiformes / Jacanidae == * ''Microparra capensis'' * ''Actophilornis africanus'' == Charadriiformes / Rostratulidae == * ''Rostratula benghalensis'' == Charadriiformes / Recurvirostridae == * ''Himantopus himantopus'' * ''Recurvirostra avosetta'' == Charadriiformes / Burhinidae == * ''Burhinus vermiculatus'' * ''Burhinus capensis'' == Charadriiformes / Glareolidae == * ''Cursorius temminckii'' * ''Rhinoptilus cinctus'' * ''Rhinoptilus chalcopterus'' * ''Glareola pratincola'' * ''Glareola nordmanni'' * ''Glareola nuchalis'' == Charadriiformes / Charadriidae == * ''Vanellus crassirostris'' * ''Vanellus spinosus'' * ''Vanellus albiceps'' * ''Vanellus lugubris'' * ''Vanellus coronatus'' * ''Vanellus senegallus'' * ''Vanellus superciliosus'' * ''Pluvialis squatarola'' * ''Charadrius hiaticula'' * ''Charadrius dubius'' * ''Charadrius pecuarius'' * ''Charadrius tricollaris'' * ''Charadrius forbesi'' * ''Charadrius marginatus'' * ''Charadrius mongolus'' * ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' * ''Charadrius asiaticus'' == Charadriiformes / Scolopacidae == * ''Gallinago nigripennis'' * ''Gallinago media'' * ''Gallinago gallinago'' * ''Limosa limosa'' * ''Numenius phaeopus'' * ''Numenius arquata'' * ''Tringa erythropus'' * ''Tringa totanus'' * ''Tringa stagnatilis'' * ''Tringa nebularia'' * ''Tringa ochropus'' * ''Tringa glareola'' * ''Xenus cinereus'' * ''Actitis hypoleucos'' * ''Arenaria interpres'' * ''Calidris alba'' * ''Calidris minuta'' * ''Calidris temminckii'' * ''Calidris ferruginea'' * ''Limicola falcinellus'' * ''Philomachus pugnax'' == Charadriiformes / Laridae == * ''Larus fuscus'' * ''Larus cirrocephalus'' * ''Larus ridibundus'' == Charadriiformes / Sternidae == * ''Sterna nilotica'' * ''Sterna caspia'' * ''Chlidonias hybridus'' * ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' * ''Chlidonias niger'' == Charadriiformes / Rynchopidae == * ''Rynchops flavirostris'' == Columbiformes / Columbidae == * ''Columba guinea'' * ''Columba unicincta'' * ''Columba arquatrix'' * ''Columba albinucha'' * ''Columba iriditorques'' * ''Columba larvata'' * ''Streptopelia lugens'' * ''Streptopelia decipiens'' * ''Streptopelia semitorquata'' * ''Streptopelia capicola'' * ''Streptopelia senegalensis'' * ''Turtur chalcospilos'' * ''Turtur afer'' * ''Turtur tympanistria'' * ''Oena capensis'' * ''Treron calva'' == Psittaciformes / Psittacidae == * ''Agapornis pullarius'' * ''Agapornis fischeri'' * ''Psittacus erithacus'' * ''Poicephalus robustus'' * ''Poicephalus gulielmi'' * ''Poicephalus meyeri'' == Cuculiformes / Musophagidae == * ''Corythaeola cristata'' * ''Tauraco schuettii'' * ''Tauraco porphyreolophus'' * ''Ruwenzorornis johnstoni'' * ''Musophaga rossae'' * ''Corythaixoides personatus'' * ''Crinifer zonurus'' == Cuculiformes / Cuculidae == * ''Clamator jacobinus'' * ''Clamator levaillantii'' * ''Clamator glandarius'' * ''Pachycoccyx audeberti'' * ''Cuculus solitarius'' * ''Cuculus clamosus'' * ''Cuculus canorus'' * ''Cuculus gularis'' * ''Cuculus rochii'' * ''Cercococcyx mechowi'' * ''Cercococcyx olivinus'' * ''Cercococcyx montanus'' * ''Chrysococcyx klaas'' * ''Chrysococcyx cupreus'' * ''Chrysococcyx caprius'' * ''Ceuthmochares aereus'' * ''Centropus grillii'' * ''Centropus monachus'' * ''Centropus senegalensis'' * ''Centropus superciliosus'' == Strigiformes / Tytonidae == * ''Tyto capensis'' * ''Tyto alba'' == Strigiformes / Strigidae == * ''Otus senegalensis'' * ''Ptilopsis granti'' * ''Bubo africanus'' * ''Bubo poensis'' * ''Bubo lacteus'' * ''Scotopelia peli'' * ''Strix woodfordii'' * ''Glaucidium perlatum'' * ''Glaucidium tephronotum'' * ''Glaucidium capense'' * ''Glaucidium albertinum'' * ''Asio abyssinicus'' * ''Asio capensis'' == Caprimulgiformes / Caprimulgidae == * ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' * ''Caprimulgus fraenatus'' * ''Caprimulgus nigriscapularis'' * ''Caprimulgus pectoralis'' * ''Caprimulgus poliocephalus'' * ''Caprimulgus ruwenzorii'' * ''Caprimulgus natalensis'' * ''Caprimulgus stellatus'' * ''Caprimulgus tristigma'' * ''Caprimulgus fossii'' * ''Macrodipteryx vexillarius'' == Apodiformes / Apodidae == * ''Schoutedenapus myoptilus'' * ''Cypsiurus parvus'' * ''Tachymarptis melba'' * ''Tachymarptis aequatorialis'' * ''Apus apus'' * ''Apus barbatus'' * ''Apus affinis'' * ''Apus horus'' * ''Apus caffer'' == Coliiformes / Coliidae == * ''Colius striatus'' * ''Urocolius macrourus'' == Trogoniformes / Trogonidae == * ''Apaloderma narina'' * ''Apaloderma vittatum'' == Coraciiformes / Alcedinidae == * ''Alcedo quadribrachys'' * ''Alcedo cristata'' * ''Ispidina picta'' * ''Halcyon leucocephala'' * ''Halcyon senegalensis'' * ''Halcyon malimbica'' * ''Halcyon chelicuti'' * ''Megaceryle maximus'' * ''Ceryle rudis'' == Coraciiformes / Meropidae == * ''Merops bullockoides'' * ''Merops pusillus'' * ''Merops variegatus'' * ''Merops oreobates'' * ''Merops hirundineus'' * ''Merops albicollis'' * ''Merops persicus'' * ''Merops superciliosus'' * ''Merops apiaster'' * ''Merops nubicoides'' == Coraciiformes / Coraciidae == * ''Coracias garrulus'' * ''Coracias caudata'' * ''Coracias naevia'' * ''Eurystomus glaucurus'' * ''Eurystomus gularis'' == Coraciiformes / Upupidae == * ''Upupa epops'' == Coraciiformes / Phoeniculidae == * ''Phoeniculus purpureus'' * ''Phoeniculus bollei'' * ''Phoeniculus castaneiceps'' * ''Rhinopomastus cyanomelas'' == Coraciiformes / Bucerotidae == * ''Tockus camurus'' * ''Tockus alboterminatus'' * ''Tockus nasutus'' * ''Ceratogymna subcylindricus'' * ''Bucorvus leadbeateri'' == Piciformes / Capitonidae == * ''Gymnobucco bonapartei'' * ''Pogoniulus coryphaeus'' * ''Pogoniulus bilineatus'' * ''Pogoniulus chrysoconus'' * ''Pogoniulus pusillus'' * ''Buccanodon duchaillui'' * ''Tricholaema hirsuta'' * ''Tricholaema lachrymosa'' * ''Lybius rubrifacies'' * ''Lybius torquatus'' * ''Lybius bidentatus'' * ''Trachyphonus purpuratus'' * ''Trachyphonus vaillantii'' == Piciformes / Indicatoridae == * ''Indicator variegatus'' * ''Indicator indicator'' * ''Indicator minor'' * ''Indicator conirostris'' * ''Indicator willcocksi'' * ''Indicator exilis'' * ''Indicator pumilio'' * ''Prodotiscus zambesiae'' * ''Prodotiscus regulus'' == Piciformes / Picidae == * ''Jynx ruficollis'' * ''Campethera bennettii'' * ''Campethera abingoni'' * ''Campethera cailliautii'' * ''Campethera tullbergi'' * ''Campethera nivosa'' * ''Dendropicos poecilolaemus'' * ''Dendropicos fuscescens'' * ''Dendropicos namaquus'' * ''Dendropicos elliotii'' * ''Dendropicos goertae'' * ''Dendropicos griseocephalus'' == Passeriformes / Pittidae == * ''Pitta angolensis'' == Passeriformes / Alaudidae == * ''Mirafra africana'' * ''Mirafra rufocinnamomea'' * ''Eremopterix leucopareia'' * ''Calandrella cinerea'' == Passeriformes / Hirundinidae == * ''Riparia riparia'' * ''Riparia paludicola'' * ''Riparia cincta'' * ''Pseudhirundo griseopyga'' * ''Ptyonoprogne fuligula'' * ''Hirundo rustica'' * ''Hirundo angolensis'' * ''Hirundo smithii'' * ''Hirundo atrocaerulea'' * ''Cecropis abyssinica'' * ''Cecropis semirufa'' * ''Cecropis senegalensis'' * ''Cecropis daurica'' * ''Delichon urbica'' * ''Psalidoprocne albiceps'' * ''Psalidoprocne pristoptera'' == Passeriformes / Motacillidae == * ''Motacilla alba'' * ''Motacilla aguimp'' * ''Motacilla capensis'' * ''Motacilla flava'' * ''Motacilla cinerea'' * ''Motacilla clara'' * ''Macronyx croceus'' * ''Anthus lineiventris'' * ''Anthus leucophrys'' * ''Anthus cinnamomeus'' * ''Anthus similis'' * ''Anthus brachyurus'' * ''Anthus trivialis'' * ''Anthus cervinus'' == Passeriformes / Campephagidae == * ''Coracina pectoralis'' * ''Coracina caesia'' * ''Campephaga petiti'' * ''Campephaga flava'' * ''Campephaga phoenicea'' * ''Campephaga quiscalina'' == Passeriformes / Pycnonotidae == * ''Pycnonotus barbatus'' * ''Andropadus masukuensis'' * ''Andropadus virens'' * ''Andropadus curvirostris'' * ''Andropadus gracilirostris'' * ''Andropadus latirostris'' * ''Andropadus nigriceps'' * ''Chlorocichla flavicollis'' * ''Phyllastrephus scandens'' * ''Phyllastrephus cabanisi'' * ''Phyllastrephus flavostriatus'' * ''Neolestes torquatus'' == Passeriformes / Turdidae == * ''Neocossyphus fraseri'' * ''Neocossyphus poensis'' * ''Monticola angolensis'' * ''Monticola saxatilis'' * ''Zoothera piaggiae'' * ''Zoothera tanganjicae'' * ''Turdus olivaceus'' * ''Turdus pelios'' * ''Alethe poliocephala'' * ''Alethe poliophrys'' == Passeriformes / Cisticolidae == * ''Cisticola erythrops'' * ''Cisticola cantans'' * ''Cisticola woosnami'' * ''Cisticola chubbi'' * ''Cisticola aberrans'' * ''Cisticola chiniana'' * ''Cisticola galactotes'' * ''Cisticola carruthersi'' * ''Cisticola tinniens'' * ''Cisticola robustus'' * ''Cisticola natalensis'' * ''Cisticola fulvicapillus'' * ''Cisticola angusticaudus'' * ''Cisticola brachypterus'' * ''Cisticola juncidis'' * ''Cisticola Cisticola ayresii'' * ''Prinia subflava'' * ''Prinia leucopogon'' * ''Prinia bairdii'' * ''Apalis pulchra'' * ''Apalis ruwenzori'' * ''Apalis jacksoni'' * ''Apalis personata'' * ''Apalis flavida'' * ''Apalis rufogularis'' * ''Apalis porphyrolaema'' * ''Apalis cinerea'' * ''Eminia lepida'' * ''Camaroptera brachyura'' * ''Camaroptera chloronota'' * ''Calamonastes undosus'' * ''Calamonastes simplex'' == Passeriformes / Sylviidae == * ''Bradypterus baboecala'' * ''Bradypterus carpalis'' * ''Bradypterus graueri'' * ''Bradypterus lopezi'' * ''Bradypterus cinnamomeus'' * ''Bathmocercus rufus'' * ''Melocichla mentalis'' * ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' * ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' * ''Acrocephalus baeticatus'' * ''Acrocephalus palustris'' * ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus'' * ''Acrocephalus rufescens'' * ''Acrocephalus gracilirostris'' * ''Hippolais pallida'' * ''Hippolais icterina'' * ''Chloropeta natalensis'' * ''Chloropeta similis'' * ''Chloropeta gracilirostris'' * ''Phyllolais pulchella'' * ''Graueria vittata'' * ''Eremomela icteropygialis'' * ''Eremomela scotops'' * ''Sylvietta leucophrys'' * ''Sylvietta whytii'' * ''Hemitesia neumanni'' * ''Hylia prasina'' * ''Phylloscopus laetus'' * ''Phylloscopus umbrovirens'' * ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' * ''Phylloscopus collybita'' * ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' * ''Hyliota flavigaster'' * ''Hyliota violacea'' * ''Schoenicola brevirostris'' * ''Sylvia atricapilla'' * ''Sylvia borin'' * ''Sylvia communis'' == Passeriformes / Muscicapidae == * ''Bradornis pallidus'' * ''Melaenornis fischeri'' * ''Melaenornis pammelaina'' * ''Melaenornis ardesiacus'' * ''Muscicapa striata'' * ''Muscicapa aquatica'' * ''Muscicapa adusta'' * ''Muscicapa caerulescens'' * ''Myioparus plumbeus'' * ''Ficedula albicollis'' * ''Ficedula semitorquata'' * ''Pogonocichla stellata'' * ''Stiphrornis erythrothorax'' * ''Sheppardia aequatorialis'' * ''Cossyphicula roberti'' * ''Cossypha archeri'' * ''Cossypha caffra'' * ''Cossypha polioptera'' * ''Cossypha heuglini'' * ''Cossypha natalensis'' * ''Cossypha niveicapilla'' * ''Cichladusa arquata'' * ''Cercotrichas hartlaubi'' * ''Cercotrichas leucophrys'' * ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' * ''Saxicola rubetra'' * ''Saxicola torquata'' * ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' * ''Oenanthe isabellina'' * ''Cercomela familiaris'' * ''Myrmecocichla nigra'' * ''Myrmecocichla albifrons'' * ''Myrmecocichla arnotti'' * ''Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris'' == Passeriformes / Platysteiridae == * ''Bias musicus'' * ''Platysteira cyanea'' * ''Platysteira concreta'' * ''Batis diops'' * ''Batis molitor'' * ''Batis minor'' == Passeriformes / Monarchidae == * ''Elminia longicauda'' * ''Elminia albicauda'' * ''Elminia albiventris'' * ''Elminia albonotata'' * ''Trochocercus cyanomelas'' * ''Terpsiphone viridis'' == Passeriformes / Timaliidae == * ''Illadopsis albipectus'' * ''Illadopsis rufipennis'' * ''Illadopsis fulvescens'' * ''Illadopsis pyrrhoptera'' * ''Illadopsis abyssinica'' * ''Kakamega poliothorax'' * ''Turdoides sharpei'' * ''Turdoides hartlaubii'' * ''Turdoides jardineii'' * ''Kupeornis rufocinctus'' == Passeriformes / Paridae == * ''Melaniparus leucomelas'' * ''Melaniparus funereus'' * ''Melaniparus fasciiventer'' == Passeriformes / Remizidae == * ''Anthoscopus caroli'' == Passeriformes / Nectariniidae == * ''Anthreptes longuemarei'' * ''Anthreptes orientalis'' * ''Anthreptes seimundi'' * ''Hedydipna collaris'' * ''Cyanomitra verticalis'' * ''Cyanomitra cyanolaema'' * ''Cyanomitra alinae'' * ''Cyanomitra oritis'' * ''Cyanomitra olivacea'' * ''Chalcomitra rubescens'' * ''Chalcomitra senegalensis'' * ''Nectarinia purpureiventris'' * ''Nectarinia kilimensis'' * ''Nectarinia johnstoni'' * ''Nectarinia famosa'' * ''Cinnyris chloropygius'' * ''Cinnyris stuhlmanni'' * ''Cinnyris preussi'' * ''Cinnyris afer'' * ''Cinnyris regius'' * ''Cinnyris pulchellus'' * ''Cinnyris mariquensis'' * ''Cinnyris erythrocerca'' * ''Cinnyris bifasciatus'' * ''Cinnyris venustus'' * ''Cinnyris cupreus'' == Passeriformes / Zosteropidae == * ''Zosterops senegalensis'' == Passeriformes / Oriolidae == * ''Oriolus oriolus'' * ''Oriolus auratus'' * ''Oriolus larvatus'' * ''Oriolus percivali'' == Passeriformes / Laniidae == * ''Lanius collurio'' * ''Lanius isabellinus'' * ''Lanius souzae'' * ''Lanius minor'' * ''Lanius excubitoroides'' * ''Lanius mackinnoni'' * ''Lanius collaris'' == Passeriformes / Malaconotidae == * ''Nilaus afer'' * ''Dryoscopus gambensis'' * ''Dryoscopus cubla'' * ''Dryoscopus senegalensis'' * ''Dryoscopus angolensis'' * ''Tchagra minuta'' * ''Tchagra senegala'' * ''Tchagra australis'' * ''Laniarius luehderi'' * ''Laniarius aethiopicus'' * ''Laniarius erythrogaster'' * ''Laniarius mufumbiri'' * ''Laniarius funebris'' * ''Laniarius fuelleborni'' * ''Laniarius poensis'' * ''Telophorus bocagei'' * ''Telophorus sulfureopectus'' * ''Telophorus multicolor'' * ''Telophorus dohertyi'' * ''Malaconotus lagdeni'' * ''Malaconotus blanchoti'' == Passeriformes / Prionopidae == * ''Prionops plumatus'' * ''Prionops alberti'' * ''Prionops rufiventris'' == Passeriformes / Dicruridae == * ''Dicrurus adsimilis'' == Passeriformes / Corvidae == * ''Corvus albus'' * ''Corvus albicollis'' == Passeriformes / Sturnidae == * ''Creatophora cinerea'' * ''Lamprotornis chalybaeus'' * ''Lamprotornis splendidus'' * ''Lamprotornis purpuropterus'' * ''Lamprotornis purpureiceps'' * ''Cinnyricinclus leucogaster'' * ''Onychognathus tenuirostris'' * ''Onychognathus fulgidus'' * ''Onychognathus walleri'' * ''Poeoptera stuhlmanni'' * ''Pholia sharpii'' * ''Buphagus erythrorhynchus'' * ''Buphagus africanus'' == Passeriformes / Ploceidae == * ''Bubalornis niger'' * ''Ploceus baglafecht'' * ''Ploceus pelzelni'' * ''Ploceus luteolus'' * ''Ploceus intermedius'' * ''Ploceus ocularis'' * ''Ploceus nigricollis'' * ''Ploceus melanogaster'' * ''Ploceus alienus'' * ''Ploceus xanthops'' * ''Ploceus castanops'' * ''Ploceus cucullatus'' * ''Ploceus nigerrimus'' * ''Ploceus melanocephalus'' * ''Ploceus bicolor'' * ''Ploceus insignis'' * ''Pachyphantes superciliosus'' * ''Anaplectes rubriceps'' * ''Quelea cardinalis'' * ''Quelea erythrops'' * ''Quelea quelea'' * ''Euplectes hordeaceus'' * ''Euplectes orix'' * ''Euplectes capensis'' * ''Euplectes axillaris'' * ''Euplectes albonotatus'' * ''Euplectes ardens'' * ''Amblyospiza albifrons'' == Passeriformes / Estrildidae == * ''Nigrita fusconota'' * ''Nigrita canicapilla'' * ''Nesocharis ansorgei'' * ''Pytilia afra'' * ''Pytilia melba'' * ''Mandingoa nitidula'' * ''Cryptospiza reichenovii'' * ''Cryptospiza salvadorii'' * ''Cryptospiza jacksoni'' * ''Cryptospiza shelleyi'' * ''Spermophaga ruficapilla'' * ''Hypargos niveoguttatus'' * ''Euschistospiza cinereovinacea'' * ''Lagonosticta rufopicta'' * ''Lagonosticta senegala'' * ''Lagonosticta rubricata'' * ''Uraeginthus bengalus'' * ''Estrilda quartinia'' * ''Estrilda paludicola'' * ''Estrilda melpoda'' * ''Estrilda rhodopyga'' * ''Estrilda astrild'' * ''Estrilda nonnula'' * ''Estrilda atricapilla'' * ''Estrilda kandti'' * ''Estrilda erythronotos'' * ''Sporaeginthus subflavus'' * ''Ortygospiza gabonensis'' * ''Spermestes cucullatus'' * ''Spermestes bicolor'' * ''Spermestes fringilloides'' == Passeriformes / Viduidae == [[File:Male Variable Indigobird (Vidua funerea).jpg|right|100px]] * ''Vidua chalybeata'' * ''Vidua funerea'' * ''Vidua macroura'' * ''Vidua obtusa'' == Passeriformes / Ploceidae == [[File:Parasitic Weaver (Anomalospiza imberbis).jpg|right|100px]] * ''Anomalospiza imberbis'' == Passeriformes / Emberizidae == [[File:Emberiza flaviventris - cropped.jpg|right|100px]] * ''Emberiza tahapisi'' * ''Emberiza flaviventris'' * ''Emberiza cabanisi'' == Passeriformes / Fringillidae == [[File:Linurgus olivaceus.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Cape Canary (Serinus canicollis) 1.jpg|right|100px]] [[File:Serinus striolatus -near Mountain Lodge, Mount Kenya, Kenya-8.jpg|right|100px]] * ''Linurgus olivaceus'' * ''Serinus canicollis'' * ''Serinus frontalis'' * ''Serinus koliensis'' * ''Serinus atrogularis'' * ''Serinus mozambicus'' * ''Serinus sulphuratus'' * ''Serinus striolatus'' * ''Serinus burtoni'' == Passeriformes / Passeridae == [[File:Greyheadsparrow.jpg|right|100px]] * ''Passer griseus'' [[Category:Inyoni zo mu Rwanda]] btdp0boldw60e0elw09kg1b8qppt9np 14 4519 67512 55837 2013-04-02T19:00:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7349968]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyoni]] [[Category:Rwanda]] bxgm2cc2u4pq8l808kq43f6o8q39boh 14 4522 66094 63761 2013-03-11T11:01:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 84 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6189519]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] dvlg7dotsmj16vyy0c6og2wm0yz1eam 14 4523 66093 63539 2013-03-11T11:01:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 76 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6585378]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] {{Commonscat|Catholicism}} fh05yt5r2unr3dkj3rzpd5bh437444c 0 4524 19175 2011-01-14T11:54:32Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Kristendomu]] to [[Ubukirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubukirisitu]] ocdhrial57ipx3rd6w4g9c6zkny0jjj 0 4525 19185 2011-01-14T12:08:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubukirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubukirisitu]] 5rv5ywwa7xme4m6c064qvjwznfchm27 0 4538 19250 2011-01-14T15:59:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyamaswa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyamaswa]] mzu9z1pzubm1dsi5ao4wunijy05kz04 0 4541 19258 2011-01-14T16:39:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] eanolis30gjhms0xmrri5j8pidvk9wc 0 4542 81312 76957 2021-12-31T09:44:13Z Golden 10498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of the Azerbaijani language.svg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikinyazeribayijani</font>]] '''Ikinyazeribayijani'''<ref>translationproject.org ; download.jw.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyazeri'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> na '''Inyazeribayijani'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org</ref> (izina mu kinyazeribayijani : ''Azərbaycan dili'' cyangwa ''Azərbaycan türkcəsi'' [muri Irani: '''آذربایجان دیلی ''']) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Azeribayijani]] n’[[Irani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''aze''' (mu majyaruguru : '''azj''' ; mu majyepfo : '''azb''' ). == Alfabeti y’ikinyazeribayijani == Ikinyazeribayijani kigizwe n’inyuguti 32 :''' a b c ç d e ə f g ğ h x ı i j k q l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z''' :inyajwi 9 : '''a e ə ı i o ö u ü''' :indagi 23 : '''b c ç d f g ğ h x j k q l m n p r s ş t v y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ə]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ğ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ş]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ə||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|x||align="center"|ı||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|q||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|ş||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|v||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * a / ı / o / u → -'''lar''' : ** '''ayaq''' – '''ayaqlar''' ikirenge – ibirenge [[File:Ambigram tattoo Stay here written on feet.jpg|150px|Ambigram tattoo Stay here written on feet]] ** '''ağac''' – '''ağaclar''' igiti – ibiti [[File:Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda.jpg|150px|Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda]] ** '''daş''' – '''daşlar''' ibuye – amabuye [[File:Gletsjerpad naar de Morteratschgletsjer 12-09-2019. (d.j.b) 28.jpg|150px|Gletsjerpad naar de Morteratschgletsjer 12-09-2019. (d.j.b) 28]] ** '''balıq''' – '''balıqlar''' ifi – amafi [[File:Redear sunfish FWS 1.jpg|150px|Redear sunfish FWS 1]] ** '''dovşan''' – '''dovşanlar''' urukwavu – inkwavu [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus 2zz.jpg|150px|Oryctolagus cuniculus 2zz]] ** '''qadın''' – '''qadınlar''' umugore – abagore [[File:Kigali celebration for the women of Rwandan Women Rising (35426418905).jpg|200px|Kigali celebration for the women of Rwandan Women Rising (35426418905)]] ** '''qız''' – '''qızlar''' umukobwa – abakobwa [[File:Traditional girl Makassar.jpg|150px|Traditional girl Makassar]] [[File:Cultural ladies Rwanda.jpg|150px|Cultural ladies Rwanda]] ** '''oğlan''' – '''oğlanlar''' umuhungu – abahungu [[File:Central African Republic - Boy in Birao.jpg|150px|Central African Republic - Boy in Birao]] ** '''uşaq''' – '''uşaqlar''' umwana – abana [[File:Kids, Namibe, Angola cropped.jpg|150px|Kids, Namibe, Angola cropped]] * e / ə / i / ö / ü → -'''lər''' : ** '''erkək''' – '''erkəkler''' umugabo – abagabo [[File:Bearded man with long hair-3052641.jpg|150px|Bearded man with long hair-3052641]] ** '''ev''' – '''evlər''' inzu – amazu [[File:Charnel House at St Helens Church, Cliffe, Kent, England, 2015-05-06-5136.jpg|150px|Charnel House at St Helens Church, Cliffe, Kent, England, 2015-05-06-5136]] ** '''diş''' – '''dişlər''' iryinyo – amenyo [[File:Chestnut short-tailed bat (Carollia castanea) teeth.jpg|150px|Chestnut short-tailed bat (Carollia castanea) teeth]] == Amagambo n'interuro mu kinyazeribayijani == [[File:Ana Dili.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ururimi rw’Ababyeyi</font>]] * '''Bəli''' – Yego * '''Xeyr''' – Oya == Amabara == * '''ağ''' – umweru * '''qara''' – umukara * '''qırmızı''' – umutuku * '''sarı''' – umuhondo * '''göy''' – ubururu * '''yaşıl''' – icatsi * '''qəhvəyi''' – ikigina == Imibare == * '''ədəd''' – umubare * '''ədədlər''' – imibare * '''bir''' – rimwe * '''iki''' – kabiri * '''üç''' – gatatu * '''dörd''' – kane * '''beş''' – gatanu * '''altı''' – gatandatu * '''yeddi''' – karindwi * '''səkkiz''' – umunani * '''doqquz''' – icyenda * '''on''' – icumi * '''on bir''' – cumi na rimwe * '''on iki''' – cumi na kaviri * '''on üç''' – cumi na gatatu * '''on dörd''' – cumi na kane * '''on beş''' – cumi na gatanu * '''on altı''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''on yeddi''' – cumi na karindwi * '''on səkkiz''' – cumi n’umunani * '''on doqquz''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''iyirmi''' – makumyabiri * '''iyirmi bir''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''iyirmi iki''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''iyirmi üç''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''iyirmi dörd''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''iyirmi beş''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''iyirmi altı''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''iyirmi yeddi''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''iyirmi səkkiz''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''iyirmi doqquz''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''otuz''' – mirongo itatu * '''qırx''' – mirongo ine * '''əlli''' – mirongo itanu * '''altmış''' – mirongo itandatu * '''yetmiş''' – mirongo irindwi * '''səksən''' – mirongo inani * '''doxsan''' – mirongo cyenda * '''yüz''' – ijana * '''min''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu kinyazeribayijani == * http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Səhifə == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Irani]] 6on9ok9lfwml7p3b6kkl1rcsjmwj7kv 0 4544 79513 79110 2021-10-15T14:16:06Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominique Mbonyumutwa''' ([[1921]] &ndash; [[26 Kamena]] [[1986]]), [[Perezida]] wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda|1]] (28 Mutarama 1961 &ndash; 26 Ukwakira 1961) wa Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]]. Ariko, yari Perezida wa Repuburika mbere y'aho rwabonye ubwigenge. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mbonyumutwa, Dominique}} [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] blbn1gh8lbbjg9coayvtwuknrphomok 0 4545 79511 79378 2021-10-15T14:14:47Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juvenal Habyarimana'''( 8 Werurwe wa 1937 − [[Kigali]], 6 Mata ya 1994) yari umunyapolitiki Rwanda moko Hutu, yari mu ntambara na moko abatutsi. Yiswe "Kudatsindwa " ( ''Kinani'' muri Kiñaruanda , ururimi nyamukuru rw'igihugu). {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Juvénal Habyarimana[[Dosiye:Juvénal Habyarimana (Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, USA - 1980).jpg|thumb]] |- ! colspan="2" | Perezida wa 3 w'u Rwanda |- |Igihe cyo gukora |Nko 5 Nyakanga nka 1973 - 6 nka Mata nka 1994 |- | Ababanjirije |[[Grégoire Kayibanda]] |- | Uzasimbura |[[Théodore Sindikubwabo]] |- |Minisitiri w’intebe |[[Sylvestre Nsanzimana]]<br>[[Dismas Nsengiyaremye]] (1992-1993)<br>[[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] (1993-1994) |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yihariye |- |Amazina |''Kinani'' |- |Ivuka |Ya 8 Werurwe wa 1937 Gisenyi Ntara ( Intara y'Iburasirazuba , [[Rwanda-Urundi]]) |- |Urupfu |Ku itariki ya 6 Mata mu 1994 (imyaka 57) International Airport Kigali ([[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]) |- |Impamvu y'urupfu |[[Misile]] yo mu kirere |- | Imva |Gbadolite |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Ururimi kavukire |[[Kinyarwanda]] |- | Iyobokamana |[[Kiliziya Gatolika]] |- | Ishyaka rya politiki |[[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] |- ! colspan="2" |Umuryango |- | Uwo mwashakanye |Agathe Habyarimana |- | Abahungu |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Uburezi |- | Yize muri |Kaminuza ya Lovanium |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yumwuga |- | Umwuga |umunyapolitiki |- | Imyaka irakora |1963-1994 |- | Ishami rya gisirikare |Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda |- | Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- |Amakimbirane |* Iteka ry'ibendera ry'igihugu ([[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]]) |- |Itandukaniro | |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272580 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} Habyarimana yari perezida w’igitugu mu Rwanda kuva mu 1973 kugeza apfuye, agenda mu ndege ye bwite yicwa na misile. Urupfu rwe rwabaye mu gihe cy'intambara yo mu Rwanda kandi byongera amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko muri ako karere, bituma haza Jenoside yo mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwa politiki == [[File:Habyarimanna-VanAgt.jpg|thumb|Perezida w'u Rwanda, Juvénal Habyarimana na minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubuholandi Dries van Agt toasting. La Haye (Ubuholandi), ku ya 13 Gicurasi 1980]] Mu 5 Nyakanga ya 1973 , Leta uwurimo mwanya wa Minisitiri w'Ingabo mu Rwanda, yatanze coup guhirika Perezida wayo, Grégoire Kayibanda , n'ishyaka rye ku butegetsi, mu Parmehutu . Kayibanda yari mubyara we akaba na perezida wa mbere watowe mu nzira ya demokarasi. Ku butegetsi bushya, Habyarimana yafungiye mubyara we n'umugore we ahantu hihishe (bivugwa ko ari inzu hafi ya Kabgayi), aho bivugwa ko bishwe n'inzara nyuma y'imyaka itatu. ^{[ ''citation isabwa'' ]} Mu 1975 , Habyarimana yashinze ishyaka rya MRND (National Revolutionary Movement for Development) nk'umuyobozi, atangaza ko ariryo shyaka ryemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu. Igihugu cyagumye mu maboko y’ingabo kugeza igihe itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe mu 1978 na referendum. Muri icyo gihe, yongeye gutorwa nk'umukandida wenyine, ibintu byagarutsweho buri myaka itanu, byatangiye gukurikizwa mu 1983 na 1988. Ku ikubitiro, yari yaratsindiye Abahutu n'Abatutsi mu kwerekana ubuyobozi budashaka gushyira mu bikorwa politiki izashimisha abayishyigikiye gusa, cyane cyane Abahutu. Ariko umugabane we ntiwakomeje, akomeza kwerekana politiki yagaragazaga iz'uwamubanjirije, Kayibanda. Yongeye gushiraho ibipimo byo kubona imyanya ya kaminuza n'ibiro bya leta bibabaza abatutsi. Ubwo yatoneshaga itsinda ry’abayoboke rigabanuka, andi matsinda y’Abahutu yasuzuguwe n’umuyobozi w’igihugu cyabo yafatanyaga n’abatutsi guca intege ubutegetsi bwe. Mu 1990 , kubera igitutu cyaturutse ahantu hatandukanye (Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru w’u Rwanda n’umuterankunga w’imari, Ubufaransa ; abatanga amafaranga menshi, IMF na Banki y’isi; hamwe n’abaturage bacyo basaba ko habaho ijwi ryinshi n’impinduka mu bukungu), yemeye kwemerera aya mahugurwa biturutse mu yandi mashyaka. ; Intambara y'abanyagihugu Ingingo nyamukuru: ''Intambara yo mu Rwanda'' [[Dosiye:Cyprien Ntaryamira at a FRODEBU rally.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Cyprien Ntaryamira perezida wa Uburundi]] Mu Kwakira 1990, FPR (Rwanda Patriotic Front) yatangiye kwigomeka kuri guverinoma ya Habyarimana iturutse mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Uganda, itera intambara y'abenegihugu. FPR yari ingabo zigizwe ahanini n’abatutsi baba mu mahanga bari barahoze mu gisirikare cya Uganda (benshi mu myanya ikomeye), batererana imbaga n’ingabo za Uganda bambuka umupaka. == Urupfu == Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, indege bwite ya habyarimana, indege ya Falcon 50 (impano ya Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubufaransa Jacques Chirac ) yarashwe na misile ubwo yari igiye kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kigali. Abaperezida b’amoko abiri y’Abahutu ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye bapfuye bazize iyo mpanuka: Habyarimana ubwe, ukomoka mu Rwanda, na Cyprien Ntaryamira, ukomoka mu Burundi, wamuherekeje mu rugendo. N'ubwo uwanditse icyo gitero atarasobanurwa ku mugaragaro, byabaye mu rwego rw'intambara y'abenegihugu yatewe no gucikamo ibice hagati y'amoko ye n'Abatutsi, biganisha kuri jenoside mu Rwanda. {{DEFAULTSORT:Habyarimana, Juvénal}} [[Category:Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] drbg6vf675re48ma91rn8vg0uat40r6 14 4546 70215 67496 2015-09-03T14:11:30Z 87.97.128.40 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Hutu people}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abarundi]] bmtm46cmm5uflybo0zc97c7g0vf23ts 14 4547 65981 64347 2013-03-11T10:58:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6394220]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Burundi]] mjnit1sgbc114f40y03tb569iqomlnf 14 4548 67495 60380 2013-04-02T18:58:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8877129]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abarundi]] 8aiccj0ryhl9fprtkbtb1zgkwjdxrtt 0 4549 79435 79088 2021-09-21T15:31:12Z Praveenp 454 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Aesculapian snake from kottayam kerala.jpg]] → [[File:Indian rat snake from kottayam kerala.jpg]] Correct name wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SEP.png|thumb|Inyandiko yanditse mug'Igitumbuka]] '''Igitumbuka''' (izina mu gitumbuka : ''chiTumbuka'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''tum''' . [[Dosiye:Zambia on the globe (Zambia centered).svg|center|thumb|320x320px|zambia]] == umugereka – ubuke == * '''musungwana''' – '''basungwana''' umukobwa – abakobwa * '''munyamata''' – '''banyamata''' umuhungu – abahungu * '''chaka''' – '''vyaka''' umwaka – imyaka * '''mwezi''' – '''miyezi''' ukwezi – amezi * '''dazi''' – '''madazi''' umunsi – iminsi == Amagambo n’interuro mu gitumbuka == * '''Kwali imwe?''' – Amakuru? * '''Tawuka makola''' – Ni meza * '''Enya''' – Yego * '''Yayi''' – Oya * '''kalulu''' – urukwavu * '''njoka''' – inzoka [[Dosiye:Indian rat snake from kottayam kerala.jpg|thumb|Inzoka n' inyamaswa abantu benshi batinya ariko idakunda kuboneka akenshi ihora yihishe mu myobo ahantu hatandukanye.]] * '''n’gombe''' – inka * '''nchebe''' – imbwa * '''chona / pusi ''' – ipusi * '''mbelele''' – intama * '''nkalamu''' – intare * '''mbuzi''' – ihene == Amabara == * '''utuwa''' – umweru * '''ufipa''' – umukara * '''uswesi''' – umutuku * '''ngati nthula''' – umuhondo * '''ubidi''' – ubururu * '''ubiliwiri''' – icatsi * '''buluwuni''' – ikigina == Imibare == * '''chimoza''' – rimwe * '''vibili''' – kabiri * '''vitatu''' – gatatu * '''vinayi''' – kane * '''vikhondi''' – gatanu * '''vikhondi na kamoza''' – gatandatu * '''vikhondi na tubili''' – karindwi * '''vikhondi na tutatu''' – umunani * '''vikhondi na vinayi''' – icyenda * '''khumi''' – icumi * '''khumi na kamoza''' – cumi na rimwe * '''khumi na tubili''' – cumi na kaviri * '''khumi na tutatu''' – cumi na gatatu * '''khumi na vinay''' – cumi na kane * '''khumi na vikhondi''' – cumi na gatanu * '''khumi na vikhondi na kamoza''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''khumi na vikhondi na tubili''' – cumi na karindwi * '''khumi na vikhondi na vitutatu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''khumi na vikhondi na vinayi''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''makhumi na tubili''' – makumyabiri * '''makhumi na vitatu''' – mirongo itatu * '''makhumi na vinayi''' – mirongo ine * '''makhumi na vikhondi''' – mirongo itanu == Wikipediya mu gitumbuka == * http://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Malawi]] [[Category:Zambiya]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] lzgyl10wj7c7vcgswg39z9sep440qfd 14 4550 67196 63430 2013-03-14T05:50:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6892304]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4551 19320 2011-01-14T19:42:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitumbuka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitumbuka]] 792hujn5jarysrqt3nx7kv6o2gvaw56 0 4552 78967 76958 2021-08-30T07:46:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mapa_de_Angola_(OCHA)-es.svg|thumb|Ikarita y'Icyumbundu]] '''Icyumbundu''' (izina mu cyumbundu : ''úmbúndú'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Angola]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''umb''' . [[Dosiye:Emblem of Angola.svg|center|thumb|392x392px|angola]] == Inyomeke == {| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- bgcolor="#aaaaaa" |N°<ref>Eric Bossard (1987), La medecine traditionelle chez les Ovimbundu </ref> |umugereka |ubuke |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |1 | - |vo, va |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |2 |u |a, ova, ovi, ovo |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |3 |e |ova, a |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |4 |o |olo |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |5 |oku |ovi, ovo, vo |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |6 |otchi |ovi, i |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |7 |olu |alu, olo |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |8 |omu |oma, amu |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |9 |ow |aw |- bgcolor="#dddddd" |10 |oka |otu |} == umugereka – ubuke == * '''Otchimbundu''' – '''Ovimbundu''' * '''utwe''' – '''ovitwe''' umutwe – imitwe * '''iso''' – '''ovayso''' ijisho – amaso * '''utima''' – '''ovitima''' umutima – imitima * '''elimi''' – '''ovalimi''' ururimi – indimi * '''éka''' – '''óváka''' ikiganza – ibiganza * '''okamuku-muku''' – '''otumuku-muku''' ukuboko – amaboko * '''omahi''' – '''olomahi''' ikirenge – ibirenge * '''okulu''' – '''ovolu''' ukuguru – amaguru * '''etwi''' – '''ovatwi''' ugutwi – amatwi * '''eyo''' – '''ovayo''' iryinyo – amenyo == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Angola]] 21027cy9q7vwuob4y8vurr0j479y7uq 14 4553 67719 63212 2013-04-13T08:34:32Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6882623]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4554 81435 77019 2022-01-31T10:49:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera rya Ubuperezida bwa Shipure y’Amajyaruguru</span>]] [[Dosiye:Mehmet Ali Talat.jpg|thumb|[[Mehmet Ali Talat]]]] [[Dosiye:Derviş Eroğlu.jpg|thumb|Derviş Eroğlu]] '''Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru''' (izina mu [[gituruki]] : ''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanları'') {| class="wikitable" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! !! Izina rya Perezida !! Ifoto !! Imyaka y’ubuperezida !! Ishyaka aturukamo |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=right|1 |[[Rauf Raif Denktaş]] |[[File:Rauf Denktash.jpg|90px]] |28 Gashyantare 1973 &ndash; 17 Mata 2005 |umunyapolitiki |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=right|2 |[[Mehmet Ali Talat]] | |20 Mata 2005 &ndash; 23 Mata 2010 |[[Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi]] |- bgcolor=#FFA500 |align=right|3 |[[Derviş Eroğlu]] | |20 Mata 2010 &ndash; |[[Ulusal Birlik Partisi]] |} [[Ikiciro:Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru| ]] kt21cioeox7tp0uq2uhjmgldfc758ub 14 4555 67481 62326 2013-04-02T18:57:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 12 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7994013]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] arpgzg7m3m8beokrxxu2dmejeumb6rb 0 4556 19362 2011-01-15T01:27:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rauf Denktaş]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rauf Denktaş]] nv44zsfju9f0y2aa617qarimrm1hf0k 0 4557 19363 2011-01-15T01:27:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rauf Denktaş]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rauf Denktaş]] nv44zsfju9f0y2aa617qarimrm1hf0k 0 4558 81702 78204 2022-01-31T11:30:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rauf Denktash.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Rauf Denktaş</span>]] [[Dosiye:Rauf_Raif_Denktaş.jpg|thumb|Rauf Raif Denktaş]] '''Rauf Raif Denktaş''' ([[26 Mutarama]] [[1924]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru|1]] wa [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 6a1muv04vviip2i3ivj92sse38wbmh5 0 4559 19365 2011-01-15T01:32:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mehmet Ali Talat]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mehmet Ali Talat]] hcv1awgx5oyhzx2s5ejmw6877cx5ey8 0 4560 79310 78200 2021-08-31T21:37:44Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vista de Iquique, Chile, 2016-02-11, DD 22.JPG|thumb|country]] [[Dosiye:Mehmet_Ali_Talat.jpg|thumb|Mehmet Ali Talat]] [[Dosiye:Hillary Clinton and Mehmet Ali Talat.jpg|thumb|Hillary Clinton na Mehmet Ali Talat]] '''Mehmet Ali Talat''' ([[6 Nyakanga]] [[1952]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru|2]] wa [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Category:Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 11fohm6f5rik3d11hdmh4axlftph0hg 0 4561 19367 2011-01-15T01:34:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Derviş Eroğlu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Derviş Eroğlu]] gpqq23auwd1s8pymu593sp39grjd1mu 0 4562 19368 2011-01-15T01:35:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Derviş Eroğlu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Derviş Eroğlu]] gpqq23auwd1s8pymu593sp39grjd1mu 0 4563 19369 2011-01-15T01:35:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Derviş Eroğlu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Derviş Eroğlu]] gpqq23auwd1s8pymu593sp39grjd1mu 0 4564 81703 79163 2022-01-31T11:30:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dervis Eroglu 18.5.10 aksami.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Derviş Eroğlu</span>]] [[Dosiye:Derviş_Eroğlu_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Derviş Eroğlu ]] '''Derviş Eroğlu''' ([[1938]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru|3]] wa [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Dosiye:Derviş Eroğlu startoff rally 2015 1.JPG|center|thumb|420x420px|Dervis ari kwiyampamaza 2015]] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 1hwq3jqwio47ik51kwjyrlmv4sfygft 0 4565 19460 2011-01-15T13:07:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimonako]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimonako]] bg9cfbn7e1vfbm4z2oyt67bwwks95d3 0 4566 80088 66130 2021-11-11T08:41:08Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing P1040452.JPG with [[File:Ruelle_Chanoine_Georges_Franzi_(Monaco)_-_panneau.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruelle Chanoine Georges Franzi (Monaco) - panneau.jpg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Mu kimonako na gifaransa</font>]] '''Ikimonako''' (izina mu kimonako : ''U munegascu'' cyangwa ''lenga munegasca, lenga de Mùnegu'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Monako]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lij'''. == Amagambo n’interuro mu kimonako == * '''Munegaschi''' &ndash; Abamonako * '''natüra''' &ndash; kamere * '''früt''' &ndash; urubuto * '''aujelu''' &ndash; inyoni * '''ün''' &ndash; rimwe * '''chœ''' &ndash; umutima * '''áiga''' &ndash; amazi * '''rüscelu''' &ndash; umugezi * '''árburu''' &ndash; igiti * '''ase''' &ndash; indogoba * '''Natale''' &ndash; Noheli * '''crovu''' &ndash; (mu gifaransa: ''corbeau'') * '''vurpu̍n''' &ndash; (mu gifaransa: ''renard'') == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.traditions-monaco.com/poeme.php?menu=3&poeme=ra_babarota&taille=940 Poèmes et textes divers dits en langue monégasque] [[Category:Monako]] [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] 8qcqbfoy7rfgh8dgqilb0k5x0oruxh6 0 4567 66129 61894 2013-03-11T11:02:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 169 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q143]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Icyesiperanto</font>]] '''Icyesiperanto''' (izina mu cyesiperanto : ''Esperanto'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Isi]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''epo'''. == Alfabeti y’Icyesiperanto == Icyesiperanto kigizwe n’inyuguti 28 : '''a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 23 : '''b c ĉ d f g ĝ h ĥ j ĵ k l m n p r s ŝ t ŭ v z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="28" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ĉ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ĝ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ĥ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ĵ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ŝ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ŭ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="28" | |- |align="center"|'''a'''||align="center"|'''b'''||align="center"|'''c'''||align="center"|'''ĉ'''||align="center"|'''d'''||align="center"|'''e'''||align="center"|'''f'''||align="center"|'''g'''||align="center"|'''ĝ'''||align="center"|'''h'''||align="center"|'''ĥ'''||align="center"|'''i'''||align="center"|'''j'''||align="center"|'''ĵ'''||align="center"|'''k'''||align="center"|'''l'''||align="center"|'''m'''||align="center"|'''n'''||align="center"|'''o'''||align="center"|'''p'''||align="center"|'''r'''||align="center"|'''s'''||align="center"|'''ŝ'''||align="center"|'''t'''||align="center"|'''u'''||align="center"|'''ŭ'''||align="center"|'''v'''||align="center"|'''z''' |} </center> == Ikibonezamvugo == {| class = "wikitable" |- ! align=left | inyomeke ! align=left | ubwoko ! align=left | . |- valign=top |- |'''-o''' || [[izina]] || rapid'''o''' |- |'''-a''' || [[intera]] || rapid'''a''' |- |'''-e''' || [[umugereka]] || rapid'''e''' |- |'''-i''' || [[inshinga]] || rapid'''i''' |} == umugereka – ubuke == * -'''j''' : ** '''piedo''' – '''piedoj''' ikirenge – ibirenge ** '''arbo''' – '''arboj''' igiti – ibiti ** '''roko''' – '''rokoj''' ibuye – amabuye ** '''fiŝo''' – '''fiŝoj''' ifi – amafi ** '''viro''' – '''viroj''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''virino''' – '''virinoj''' umugore – abagore ** '''infano''' – '''infanoj''' umwana – abwana ** '''bebo''' – '''bebojr''' uruhinja – impinja ** '''domo''' – '''edomoj''' inzu – amazu ** '''libro''' – '''libroj''' igitabo – ibitabo ** '''brako''' – '''kbrakoj''' ukuboko – amaboko ** '''mano''' – '''manoj''' ikiganza – ibiganza ** '''dento''' – '''dentoj''' iryinyo – amenyo == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyesiperanto == * '''Saluton''' – Muraho * '''Mia nomo estas ...''' – Nitwa ... * '''Jes''' – Yego * '''Ne''' – Oya * '''kaj''' – na == Imibare == * '''unu''' – rimwe * '''du''' – kabiri * '''tri''' – gatatu * '''kvar''' – kane * '''kvin''' – gatanu * '''ses''' – gatandatu * '''sep''' – karindwi * '''ok''' – umunani * '''naŭ''' – icyenda * '''dek''' – icumi * '''dudek''' – makumyabiri * '''tridek''' – mirongo itatu * '''kvardek''' – mirongo ine * '''kvindek''' – mirongo itanu * '''sesdek''' – mirongo itandatu * '''sepdek''' – mirongo irindwi * '''okdek''' – mirongo inani * '''naŭdek''' – mirongo cyenda * '''cent''' – ijana * '''mil''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu cyesiperanto == * http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ĉefpaĝo [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] qxotwramq2cr9o2vng8hbyrtpxsx8os 0 4568 19503 2011-01-15T17:04:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyesitoniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyesitoniya]] gd3qm5nrzqbfhpcxheskg82w3jdav19 0 4569 81685 79070 2022-01-31T11:28:07Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:EstonianGrammar1637.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikibonezamvugo (1637)</span>]] [[Dosiye:Vana-Liivimaa_(Eesti_keeles).PNG|thumb|Ikarita yicyesitoniya]] '''Icyesitoniya''' (izina mu cyesitoniya: ''eesti keel'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Esitoniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''est''' (na '''ekk'''). [[Dosiye:Catedral de Alejandro Nevsky, Tallin, Estonia, 2012-08-11, DD 46.JPG|center|thumb|420x420px|estonia]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’icyesitoniya == Icyesitoniya kigizwe n’inyuguti 27 : '''a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š z ž t u v õ ä ö ü''' :inyajwi 9 : ''' a e i o u õ ä ö ü''' :indagi 18 : '''b d f g h j k l m n p r s š z ž t v''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|([[C]])||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Q]])||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|([[W]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Õ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|([[X]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Y]]) |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|(c)||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|(q)||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|(w)||align="center"|õ||align="center"|ä||align="center"|ö||align="center"|ü||align="center"|(x)||align="center"|(y) |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * - ('''i''' / '''e''')'''d''' : ** '''puu''' – '''puud''' igiti – ibiti ** '''kivim''' – '''kivimid''' ibuye – amabuye ** '''kala''' – '''kalad''' ifi – amafi ** '''jänes''' – '''jänesed''' urukwavu – inkwavu ** '''laps''' – '''lapsed''' umwana – abwana ** '''lehm''' – '''lehmad''' inka – inka * idakurikiza ** '''lind''' – '''linnud''' inyoni – inyoni ** '''mees''' – '''mehed''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''madu''' – '''maod''' inzoka – inzoka ** '''hammas''' – '''hambad''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''naine''' – '''naised''' umugore – abagore ** '''hobune''' – '''hobused''' ifarashi – amafarashi == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyesitoniya == * '''Kuidas käsi käib?''' – Amakuru? * '''Hästi''' – Ni meza * '''Kas te räägite inglise keelt?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Jah''' – Yego * '''Ei''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''üks''' – rimwe * '''kaks''' – kabiri * '''kolm''' – gatatu * '''neli''' – kane * '''viis''' – gatanu * '''kuus''' – gatandatu * '''seitse''' – karindwi * '''kaheksa''' – umunani * '''üheksa''' – icyenda * '''kümme''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyesitoniya == * http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esileht [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Esitoniya]] 36ovnpersuzi2728988co4acu05ei3r 14 4571 67498 52834 2013-04-02T18:59:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 54 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7213891]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubutabire]] m0uwdu4i5lgcy1hd3wrtgll8xy7zi3s 14 4572 66023 62044 2013-03-11T10:59:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 165 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457474]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 14 4579 71028 68225 2017-06-27T06:59:18Z YiFeiBot 4811 Retrait de 1 lien(s) interlangue(s), désormais fourni(s) par [[d:|Wikidata]] à la page [[d:q4367632]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4580 66220 60562 2013-03-11T11:05:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 41 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q32762]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Voromkaart.jpg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikivoro (''Võromaa'')</font>]] '''Ikivoro''' (izina mu kivoro: ''võro kiil'' ; izina mu [[cyesitoniya]]: ''võru keel'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Esitoniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''vro''' . <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikivoro == Ikivoro kigizwe n’inyuguti 32 : '''a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s š t u v w õ ä ö ü x y z ž''' :inyajwi 9 : ''' a e i o u õ ä ö ü''' :indagi 23 : '''b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s š t v w x y z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Õ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[´]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|õ||align="center"|ä||align="center"|ö||align="center"|ü||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == [[File:Wastne Võro keeli A B D raamat.jpg|thumb|150px|<font color="grey">Ikibonezamvugo (1885)</font>]] * - ('''ä''' / '''o''' / '''õ''')'''q''' : ** '''puu''' &ndash; '''puuq''' igiti – ibiti ** '''kala''' &ndash; '''kalaq''' ifi – amafi ** '''lehm''' &ndash; '''lehmäq''' inka – inka ** '''lats''' &ndash; '''latsõq''' umwana – abwana ** '''tsirk''' &ndash; '''tsirgoq''' inyoni – inyoni * idakurikiza ** '''miis''' &ndash; '''miheq''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''hammas''' &ndash; '''hambaq''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''naanõ''' &ndash; '''naasõq''' umugore – abagore ** '''hopõn''' &ndash; '''hobõsõq''' ifarashi – amafarashi == Amagambo n'interuro mu kivoro == * '''Kuis lätt?''' – Amakuru? * '''Häste''' – Ni meza * '''Kas inglüse kiilt kõnõlõt?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Jah / Jaa''' – Yego * '''Ei''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''üts''' &ndash; rimwe * '''kats''' &ndash; kabiri * '''kolm''' &ndash; gatatu * '''neli''' &ndash; kane * '''viis''' &ndash; gatanu * '''kuus''' – gatandatu * '''säidse''' – karindwi * '''katõsa''' – umunani * '''ütesä''' – icyenda * '''kümme''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kivoro == *http://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pääleht [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Esitoniya]] gh6coojoqgktvxwhgdaacjkohea8245 0 4581 19568 2011-01-15T21:08:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivoro]] qmg8wt5ewvrd4zst86lg4lmjhr2v5dw 0 4582 72292 66222 2020-05-28T02:54:02Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Livonia.svg with [[File:Flag_of_the_Livonians.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]]). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Abalivoniya (1200)</font>]] '''Ikilivoniya''' (izina mu kilivoniya : ''līvõ kēļ'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Lativiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''liv''' . <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikilivoniya == Ikilivoniya kigizwe n’inyuguti 38 : '''a ā ä ǟ b d ḑ e ē f g h i ī j k l ļ m n ņ o ȯ ȱ õ ȭ p r ŗ s š t ţ u ū v z ž''' :inyajwi 15 : '''a ā ä ǟ e ē i ī o ȯ ȱ õ ȭ u ū''' :indagi 23 : '''b d ḑ f g h j k l ļ m n ņ p r ŗ s š t ţ v z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="45" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ā]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ǟ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|([[C]])||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ḑ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ē]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ī]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ļ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ņ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ȯ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ȱ]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ö]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Ȫ]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Õ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ȭ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Q]])||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ŗ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ț]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ū]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|([[W]])||width=3% align="center"|([[X]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Y]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="45" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|ā||align="center"|ä||align="center"|ǟ||align="center"|b||align="center"|(c)||align="center"|d||align="center"|ḑ||align="center"|e||align="center"|ē||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|ī||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|ļ||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ņ||align="center"|o||align="center"|ȯ||align="center"|ȱ||align="center"|(ö)||align="center"|(ȫ)||align="center"|õ||align="center"|ȭ||align="center"|p||align="center"|(q)||align="center"|r||align="center"|ŗ||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|ţ||align="center"|u||align="center"|ū||align="center"|v||align="center"|(w)||align="center"|(x)||align="center"|(y)||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * - (...)'''d''' : ** '''sīlma''' &ndash; '''sīlmad''' ijisho – amaso ** '''kūora''' &ndash; '''kūorad''' ugutwi – amatwi ** '''jālga''' &ndash; '''jālgad''' ukuguru – amaguru * idakurikiza ** '''āmbaz''' &ndash; '''ambõd''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''läpš''' &ndash; '''lapst''' umwana – abwana ** '''kež''' &ndash; '''kädūd''' ukuboko – amaboko == Amagambo n'interuro mu kilivoniya == [[File:Flag of the Livonians.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera ry’Abalivoniya</font>]] * '''Min nim ja līekõnim um ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Tēriņtš!''' – Muraho! * '''Jõvā ūomõg! / Jõvvõ ūomõgt!''' – Mwaramutse * '''Jõvā pǟva! / Jõvvõ päuvõ!''' – Mwiriwe * '''Kui sinnõn (täddõn) lǟb?''' – Amakuru? * '''Tienū!''' – Murakoze * '''Minnõn lǟb jõvist.''' – Ni meza * '''Īe tēriņtš! / Īegid tēriņtš!''' – Mwirirwe meza ''cyangwa'' Muramuke * '''Nä''' – Yego * '''?''' – Oya == Iminsi == * '''pǟva''' – umunsi * '''pǟvad''' – iminsi * '''ežžõmpǟva''' – ku wa mbere * '''tuoiznapǟva''' – ku wa kabiri * '''kuolmõndpǟva''' – ku wa gatatu * '''neļļõndpǟva''' – ku wa kane * '''brēḑig''' – ku wa gatanu * '''pūolpǟva''' – ku wa gatandatu * '''pivāpǟva''' – ku cyumweru == Amezi == * '''kū''' – ukwezi * '''kūd''' – amezi * '''janvār (ūdāigast kū)''' – Mutarama * '''februar (kīņćõļkū)''' – Gashyantare * '''märts (kievādkū)''' – Werurwe * '''april (kõļimkū)''' – Mata * '''maij (lēćkū)''' – Gicurasi * '''jūnij (jõņpǟva kū)''' – Kamena * '''jūlij (ainakū)''' – Nyakanga * '''ougust (vīļakū)''' – Kanama * '''septembõr (sigžkū)''' – Nzeri * '''oktōbõr (vīmkū)''' – Ukwakira * '''novembõr (kīlmakū)''' – Ugushyingo * '''detsembõr''' – Ukuboza == Imibare == * '''ikš''' &ndash; rimwe * '''kakš''' &ndash; kabiri * '''kuolm''' &ndash; gatatu * '''nēļa''' &ndash; kane * '''vīž''' &ndash; gatanu * '''kūž''' – gatandatu * '''seis''' – karindwi * '''kōdõks''' – umunani * '''īdõks''' – icyenda * '''kim''' – icumi == Umwandiko == :::<font color="grey">Līvõkēļ pigātagā um kaddõn jarā. 20. sadāāigast ežmis pūolsõ līvõkēļ vel vȯļ Kurāmō līvõd rāndalist rõk kēļ. Līvõkēļ sai opātõt ka rānda skūolši. 20. sadāāigast tuoiz pūols līvõkīel kȭlbatimi um īend piškimizõks. Kōd mōīlma suoddõ ja okupātsij rezultātõs līvõd kilād vȯļtõ īenõd tijād. Līvõkīeldõ rõkāndijist jelīstõ kui ikšlimist mingižis kūožis Leţmōs ja uļļis mōs. Seļļist līvõ aimõd, kus vanbist mūoštabõd jemākīeldõ ja siedā opātõbõd eņtš lapstõn, jembit iz ūo. Mäd āigas entš tīe jeddõpēḑõn tīeb organizātsij "Līvõd īt" ja administratīv teritoriāli lūotimi "Līvõd rānda". Ne pilõbõd iļ līvlist ja iļ nänt tagāntuļļijist, kis tīedõbõd eņtš suggimizõ, no jemākīeldõ jembit äb mūoštabõd. Leţmōs āt mingist 200 seļļist rovštõ. Līvokīels lōlabõd kuolm loul ansamblõd: "Līvlist", "Kāndla" ja "Vīm"; mingizkõrd līvõ lōlõd kilāndõbõd folklor kuop "Skandinieki" ka. Loul võib kīeldõ praţţõ jo kōgiņ kui jegāpǟvaļi jel. Um nǟdõb, ku 21. sadāāigast īrgandõksõs äb lītõ jembit kui kim rištīngtõ, kīen līvõkēļ um sindikēļ. Lībõd ka seļļist rovst, kis līvõkīeldõ lībõd oppõnõd kui vȭrõz kīeldõ. Līvõkēļ siz līb tieudmīed pierāst. Se piški rõksõnārōntõz tōb äbţõ amādõn arū sōdõ iļ līvõkīel rõk, sõnāvīļa ja gramātik. Ieva Ernštreite um tīend rõksõnā rōntõz engliškīel jaggõ. </font><ref>Valda Šuvcāne na Ieva Ernštreite (1999), Leţkīel-līvõkīel-engliškīel rõksõnārōntõz</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Lativiya]] 44xhqrulvlc0pyu9et4mg0487bx4vab 14 4583 66221 61063 2013-03-11T11:05:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 127 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368197]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4584 19611 2011-01-15T23:52:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilivoniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilivoniya]] n6rc3wx8a34yf2elh14tqtjab52pyav 0 4585 19619 2011-01-16T00:30:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ositaraliya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ositaraliya]] sdqd5lc90wjm2elqnk0c696vhlmcxqs 14 4591 67503 63378 2013-04-02T18:59:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9042228]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 4592 67502 59939 2013-04-02T18:59:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 60 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8954333]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 0 4593 19682 2011-01-16T12:26:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicewa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicewa]] 6pmf113uauer2s6fhzw7a7dwb2i5ff3 0 4594 19683 2011-01-16T12:26:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicewa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicewa]] 6pmf113uauer2s6fhzw7a7dwb2i5ff3 0 4595 79087 77299 2021-08-31T06:51:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chewa_map.svg|thumb|Ibendera ryahantu rikoresha Igicewa]] '''Igicewa''' ('''Igicicewa''') cyangwa '''Ikinyanja''' (izina mu gicewa : ''Chicheŵa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''nya''' . <gallery mode="packed"> WIKITONGUES- Chabota speaking Nyanja.webm WIKITONUGES- Timothy speaking Chi-Chewa.webm </gallery> == umugereka – ubuke == * '''mkazi''' – '''akazi''' umugore – abagore * '''mtsikana''' – '''atsikana''' umukobwa – abakobwa * '''mwana''' – '''ana''' umwana – abwana * '''mwezi''' – '''miyezi''' ukwezi – amezi * '''chaka''' – '''zaka''' umwaka – imyaka * '''tsiku''' – '''masiku''' umunsi – iminsi * '''dzanja''' – '''manja''' ikiganza – ibiganza * '''nyumba''' – '''nyumba''' inzu – amazu * '''ng’ombe''' – '''ng’ombe''' inka – inka == Amagambo n’interuro mu gicewa == * '''ku Chicheŵa''' – mu gicewa * '''chilankhulo cha Chicheŵa''' – ururimi rw’igicewa * '''Moni''' – Muraho * '''Muli bwanji?''' – Amakuru? * '''Ndiri bwino''' – Ni meza * '''Dzina lanu ndani? / Dzina lanu ndi yani?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Dzina langa ndi ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Sindimvetsa / Sindikumvetsa''' – Simbizi * '''Ndidziwa''' – Ndabizi * '''Ee / Eya''' – Yego * '''Iyayi / Ayi''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''modzi''' – rimwe * '''wiri''' – kabiri * '''tatu''' – gatatu * '''nayi''' – kane * '''sanu''' – gatanu * '''sanu n’chimodzi''' – gatandatu * '''sanu n’ziwiri''' – karindwi * '''sanu n’zitatu''' – umunani * '''sanu n’zinayi''' – icyenda * '''khumi''' – icumi * '''khumi n’chimodzi''' – cumi na rimwe * '''khumi n’ziwiri''' – cumi na kaviri * '''khumi n’zitatu''' – cumi na gatatu * '''khumi n’zinayi''' – cumi na kane * '''khumi n’zisanu''' – cumi na gatanu * '''khumi n’zisanu n’chimodzi ''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''khumi n’zisanu n’ziwiri''' – cumi na karindwi * '''khumi n’zisanu n’zitatu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''khumi n’zisanu n’zinayi''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''makumi awiri''' – makumyabiri * '''makumi atatu''' – mirongo itatu * '''makumi anayi''' – mirongo ine * '''makumi asanu''' – mirongo itanu * '''makumi asanu n'limodzi''' – mirongo itandatu * '''makumi asanu ndiawiri''' – mirongo irindwi * '''makumi asanu ndiatatu''' – mirongo inani * '''makumi asanu ndianayi ''' – mirongo cyenda * '''chikwi chimodzi ''' – ijana * '''zana limodzi''' – igihumbi kimwe == Wikipediya mu gicewa == * http://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsamba_Lalikulu == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120313105752/http://nature.berkeley.edu/~alyons/chichewa/chewa_vocab.pdf Chichewa Vocabulary List] [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Malawi]] [[Category:Zambiya]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Mozambike]] 5v6xof7zjvj72fu4gnwvx52t1tl7525 0 4596 19685 2011-01-16T12:29:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicewa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicewa]] 6pmf113uauer2s6fhzw7a7dwb2i5ff3 14 4597 66103 59445 2013-03-11T11:02:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 191 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457402]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi]] lpyxrswuh1ygyrvubqtd9x0cacliydz 0 4598 79092 70559 2021-08-31T07:18:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tongue.agr.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ururimi rw’umuntu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tongue.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ururimi rw’umuntu</font>]] '''Ururimi''', umwanya w'[[umubiri]] ukoreshwa mu kuvanga ibiribwa mu kanwa ukozwe n'imikaya (''muscles'') ituma rushobora kwiheta kwihindukiza mu mpande zose igihe cy'ivanga ry'ibiryo. Iyo umuntu avuze nabwo akoresha ururimi kimwe n'indi myanya y'umuhogo yabugenewe mu gutanga ijwi. [[Category:Umubiri w’umuntu]] cmhyegfows00grb3r0yinmn5z1ckyxp 14 4599 66106 64242 2013-03-11T11:02:07Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 35 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6539712]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyi bw’Ibinyabuzima]] oltchewfwqol80cn30nnxvz38z22niy 0 4600 78384 72499 2021-08-24T10:21:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anterior view of human female and male, with labels.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umubiri w’umuntu</font>]] [[Dosiye:2020-01-25_47._Hallorenpokal_Semi-final_Men_1_vs_3_vs_5_(Martin_Rulsch)_070.jpg|thumb|Umubiri]] '''Umubiri''' (ubuke: '''Imibiri''') cyangwa '''Umubiri w’umuntu''' *Umubiri w’umugore *Umubiri w’umugabe == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Umubiri w’umuntu| ]] laeo93o5viz6ck0z1rdopces6hv5voh 0 4601 19701 2011-01-16T14:19:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubiri]] 5zshyqngxc93fk75xqe5k2czrur6n0b 0 4602 19702 2011-01-16T14:19:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubiri]] 5zshyqngxc93fk75xqe5k2czrur6n0b 0 4604 77486 66187 2021-08-11T03:14:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CITES_MŚ_Warszawa.jpg|thumb|CITES ni ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw'ibinyabuzima byenda gucika ku isi.]] [[Dosiye:Snow_Leopard_cubs_photo_on_top_of_Snow_Leopard_Skin_seized_by_the_United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Ingwe nimwe mu inyamaswa zidakunda kuboneka ku isi kandi abantu benshi baba biteze kumenya no gusobanukirwa imikorere n'imibereho yayo, rero nimwe muzigurishwa n'iki kigo cyabigize umwuga.]] '''Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika''' (CITES mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora'') [[Category:Ubumenyi bw’Ibinyabuzima]] [[Category:Kamere]] tjc016franlbymlbhaen9y42eutayf1 0 4605 19712 2011-01-16T14:51:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika]] 8y77dcrt4ehgt4mihzga7nljlqmmljd 0 4606 79343 77781 2021-09-04T01:10:57Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Parts_of_the_tongue.jpg|Parts_of_the_tongue.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:AntiCompositeNumber|AntiCompositeNumber]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], no indication of a [[:c:COM:L|free license] wikitext text/x-wiki *'''[[Ururimi (umubiri)|Ururimi]]''' (izina mu cyongereza: ''tongue'') → [[Ururimi (umubiri)]] *'''[[Ururimi (kuvuga)|Ururimi]]''' (izina mu cyongereza: ''language'') → [[Ururimi (kuvuga)]] qn6dl8l3ngentx2ghy0o87v6703udjx 0 4607 19858 2011-01-16T19:05:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigibo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigibo]] dnk8e4t8rmfwbgfljx9t0xg5iwo5brt 0 4608 19859 2011-01-16T19:05:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigibo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigibo]] dnk8e4t8rmfwbgfljx9t0xg5iwo5brt 0 4609 19860 2011-01-16T19:05:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigibo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigibo]] dnk8e4t8rmfwbgfljx9t0xg5iwo5brt 0 4610 78970 72300 2021-08-30T08:45:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nsibidi.png|thumb|200px|<font color="grey">Nsibidi</font>]] [[File:WIKITONGUES- Valentine speaking Igbo.webm|thumb|left|Ikigibo]] [[Dosiye:Abchdii.jpg|thumb|Ikigibo]] '''Ikigibo''' cyangwa '''Igibo'''<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?displaylang=rw&FamilyID=e269e6f4-afaf-4703-9238-5b84951f6324 Update for Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 Junk Email Filter (KB953463) - Kinyarwanda - Rwanda]</ref> , '''Icyigbo''' (izina mu kigibo : ''Asụsụ Igbo'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Nijeriya]], [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] na [[Kameruni]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ibo'''. == Alfabeti y’ikigibo == Icyewe kigizwe n’inyuguti 36 : '''a b ch d e f g gb gh gw h i ị j k kp kw l m n nw ny ṅ o ọ p r s sh t u ụ v w y z''' :inyajwi 8 : '''a e i ị o ọ u ụ''' :indagi 28 : '''b ch d f g gb gh gw h j k kp kw l m n nw ny ṅ p r s sh t v w y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ch]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gb]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gw]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ị]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Kp]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Kw]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nw]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ny]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ṅ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ọ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Sh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ụ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|ch||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|gb||align="center"|gh||align="center"|gw||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|ị||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|kp||align="center"|kw||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|nw||align="center"|ny||align="center"|ṅ||align="center"|o||align="center"|ọ||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|sh||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ụ||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Amagambo n'interuro mu kigibo == * '''Aha mụ bu ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''ọkụkọ''' – inkoko * '''anụ ọkụkọ''' – inyama y’inkoko * '''akwa''' – ifi * '''ọgede''' – umuneke * '''mmịrị''' – amazi * '''ojii ''' – umukara * '''ego ''' – ifaranga == Imibare == * '''otu''' – rimwe * '''abụo''' – kabiri * '''atọ''' – gatatu * '''anọ''' – kane * '''ise''' – gatanu * '''isii''' – gatandatu * '''asaa''' – karindwi * '''asatọ''' – umunani * '''itolu / iteghete''' – icyenda * '''iri''' – icumi * '''iri na otu''' – cumi na rimwe * '''iri na abụo''' – cumi na kaviri * '''iri na atọ''' – cumi na gatatu * '''iri na anọ''' – cumi na kane * '''iri na ise''' – cumi na gatanu * '''iri na isii''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''iri na asaa''' – cumi na karindwi * '''iri na asatọ''' – cumi n’umunani * '''iri na iteghete''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''iri abụa''' – makumyabiri * '''iri atọ''' – mirongo itatu * '''iri anọ''' – mirongo ine * '''iri ise''' – mirongo itanu * '''iri isii''' – mirongo itandatu * '''iri asaa''' – mirongo irindwi * '''iri asatọ''' – mirongo inani * '''iri iteghete''' – mirongo cyenda * '''narị''' – ijana == Wikipediya mu kigibo == * http://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihü_Mbu == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] [[Category:Kameruni]] 2dc8adnl78h4rkzkrq3z3e8unvl36hd 14 4611 67994 67934 2013-04-20T10:47:01Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:Wikidata]] on [[d:Q4367709]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4612 19884 2011-01-16T21:03:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifinilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifinilande]] cfyspkgi770fvn39vn6l7eiw4w6hmnn 0 4613 19885 2011-01-16T21:03:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifinilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifinilande]] cfyspkgi770fvn39vn6l7eiw4w6hmnn 0 4614 81770 79224 2022-01-31T11:41:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Finnish language map, large areas.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’igifinilande</span>]] [[Dosiye:Helsingfors Finlan.jpg|thumb|finiland]] '''Igifinilande'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyafinilande'''<ref>translationproject.org </ref> , '''Igifinuwa'''<ref>sytym.com</ref> (izina mu gifinilande : ''suomi'' cyangwa ''suomen kieli'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Finilande]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fin''' . [[Dosiye:Flag of Finland.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|finland flag]] <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igifinilande == Icyesitoniya kigizwe n’inyuguti 31 : '''a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s š t u v w x y z ž å ä ö''' :inyajwi 9 : ''' a e i o u y (å) ä ö''' :indagi 22 : '''b c d f g h j k l m n p (q) r s (š) t v (w) (x) z (ž)''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Å]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž||align="center"|å||align="center"|ä||align="center"|ö |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * - ( '''e''')'''t''' : ** '''puu''' – '''puut''' igiti – ibiti ** '''kala''' – '''kalat''' ifi – amafi ** '''lehmä''' – '''lehmät''' inka – inka ** '''käärme''' – '''käärmeet''' inzoka – inzoka ** '''kivi''' – '''kivet''' ibuye – amabuye ** '''lapsi''' – '''lapset''' umwana – abwana * idakurikiza ** '''jänis''' – '''jänikset''' urukwavu – inkwavu ** '''lintu''' – '''linnut''' inyoni – inyoni ** '''mies''' – '''miehet''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''hammas''' – '''hampaat''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''nainen''' – '''naiset''' umugore – abagore ** '''hevonen''' – '''hevoset''' ifarashi – amafarashi == Amagambo n'interuro mu igifinilande == * '''Mitä kuuluu?''' – Amakuru? * '''Hyvää''' – Ni meza * '''Puhut(te)ko englantia?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Kyllä''' – Yego * '''Ei''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''yksi''' – rimwe * '''kaksi''' – kabiri * '''kolme''' – gatatu * '''neljä''' – kane * '''viisi''' – gatanu * '''kuusi''' – gatandatu * '''seitsemän''' – karindwi * '''kahdeksan''' – umunani * '''yhdeksän''' – icyenda * '''kymmenen''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gifinilande == * http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Etusivu == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Finilande]] odzrh468ychyhgnxvs0eb8171wdxunm 14 4615 67488 61819 2013-04-02T18:58:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7217207]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 0 4616 65903 64458 2013-03-11T10:56:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q25268]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afroasiatic_languages-en.svg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike</font>]] '''Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike''' == Amoko == * [[Indimi z’ikinyasemiti ]] * [[Indimi z’ikinyamisiri]] * [[Indimi z’ikiberiberi]] * [[Indimi z’igicade]] * [[Indimi z’icyomotika]] * [[Indimi z’igikushitika ]] (Indimi z’igikashitika) [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike| ]] 810qspik65x7dmz3pidkb93hgnqupl1 14 4617 67489 61818 2013-04-02T18:58:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8729043]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike]] p4dw2453wisvphocuge1jwi3bfbi789 14 4618 67487 62256 2013-04-02T18:58:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8354770]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike]] p4dw2453wisvphocuge1jwi3bfbi789 0 4619 20125 19915 2011-01-17T21:07:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigisosa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigisosa]] ct27ftfsy4gjvu5k3oynsp3m4a8jx1c 0 4620 81771 79226 2022-01-31T11:41:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nigeria linguistic 1979.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’ururimi rw'igihawusa muri Nijeriya (umuhondo : igihawusa n’igifurahe) </span>]] '''Igihawusa''' (izina mu gihawusa : ''Hausa'' cyangwa '''هَوُسَ''') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[abahawusa]] na rwa [[Nijeriya]], [[Nigeri]], [[Bene]], [[Burukina Faso]], [[Gana]], [[Togo]] na [[Sudani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''hau'''. [[Dosiye:Nigerian Dancers - Wall Paintings - Cyprian Ekwensi Cultural Center - FCT Abuja - Nigeria - 05.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] == Alfabeti y’igihawusa == Igihawusa kigizwe n’inyuguti 29 : '''a b ɓ c d ɗ e f g h i j k ƙ l m n o r s sh t ts u w y (ƴ) z ʼ''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u ''' :indagi 24 : '''b ɓ c d ɗ f g h j k ƙ l m n r s sh t ts w y (ƴ) z ʼ''' === Boko === Boko cyangwa Alfabeti ya Kilatini <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɓ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɗ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ƙ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Sh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ts]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ƴ]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[ʼ]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="29" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|ɓ||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|ɗ||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|ƙ||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|sh||align="center"|t||align="center"|ts||align="center"|u||align="center"|w||align="center"|y||align="center"|(ƴ)||align="center"|z||align="center"|ʼ |} </center> === Ajami === Ajami cyangwa Alfabeti y’icyarabu <center> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:200%;" |- |[[Ye (harf)|ي]]||[[He (harf)|ه]] ||[[Vav (harf)|و]]||[[Nun (harf)|ن]] ||[[Mim (harf)|م]]||[[Lam (harf)|ل]]||[[Kef (harf)|ك]]||[[Kaf (harf)|ق]]||[[Fe (harf)|ف]]||[[Ğayn (harf)|غ]]||[[Ayn (harf)|ع]]||[[Zı (harf)|ظ]]||[[Tı (harf)|ط]]||[[Dad (harf)|ض‎]]|||[[Sad (harf)|ص]]||[[Şin (harf)|ش]]||[[Sin (harf)|س]]||[[Ze (harf)|ز]]||[[Ra (harf)|ر]]||[[Zel (harf)|ذ]]||[[Dal (harf)|د]]||[[Hı (harf)|خ]]||[[Ha (harf)|ح]]||[[Cim (harf)|ج]]||[[Se (harf)|ث]]||[[Te (harf)|ت]]||[[Be|ب]]||[[Elif (harf)|ﺍ]] |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == [[File:Hausa language niger.png|thumb|200px]] [[File:Afro asiatic peoples nigeria.png|thumb|200px]] * '''tsuntsu''' – '''tsuntsaye''' inyoni – inyoni == Amagambo n’interuro mu gihawusa == * '''Mi sunan ka?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Suna na ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Ka na jin harshen turanci kuwa?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Iʼi''' – Yego * '''Aʼa''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''daya''' – rimwe * '''biyu''' – kabiri * '''uku''' – gatatu * '''hudu''' – kane * '''biyar''' – gatanu * '''shida''' – gatandatu * '''bokwai''' – karindwi * '''takwas''' – umunani * '''tara''' – icyenda * '''goma''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gihawusa == * http://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marhabin [[Category:Indimi z’igicade]] h5dcqsppw0dqwhh0wfkrlyihka4zfp4 0 4621 19921 2011-01-16T23:41:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihawusa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihawusa]] jabtm9eqb3cl9pq8ot73r1ei7tse5n3 0 4622 19941 19940 2011-01-17T01:37:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tunisiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tunisiya]] b7nug1pp9qxbgfhba9rb06f73763p9b 0 4623 19997 2011-01-17T12:38:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ilingala]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ilingala]] gv8pgqcxc38sg16je9z0xweyj9fmbue 0 4624 78402 65977 2021-08-24T11:49:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LanguageMap-Lingala-Larger Location.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ilingala</font>]] [[Dosiye:Book_of_Mormon_-_Lingala.jpg|thumb|Igitabo cya Mormon muki Lingala]] '''Ilingala''' (izina mu lingala : ''Lingála'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Repubulika ya Kongo]] (Kongo Brazzaville) na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (Kongo Kinshasa). Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lin'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ilingala == Ilingala kigizwe n’inyuguti 35 : '''a b c d e ɛ f g gb h i k l m mb mp n nd ng nk ns nt ny nz o ɔ p r s t u v w y z''' :inyajwi 7 : '''a e ɛ i o ɔ u''' (na '''á â ǎ é ê ě ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ í î ǐ ó ô ǒ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ ú''') :indagi 28 : '''b c d f g gb h k l m mb mp n nd ng nk ns nt ny nz p r s t v w y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="35" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɛ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gb]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Mb]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Mp]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nd]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ng]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nk]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ns]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nt]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ny]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Nz]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɔ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="35" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ɛ||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|gb||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|mb||align="center"|mp||align="center"|n||align="center"|nd||align="center"|ng||align="center"|nk||align="center"|ns||align="center"|nt||align="center"|ny||align="center"|nz||align="center"|o||align="center"|ɔ||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * '''likútu''' – '''makútu''' ugutwi – amatwi == Amagambo n'interuro mu ilingala == * '''bɛndɛ́lɛ''' – ibendera * '''mobáli''' – umugabo * '''mwǎsí''' – umugore * '''mái''' – amazi * '''nzɔku''' – inzovu * '''farása''' – ifarashi * '''mbísi''' – ifi * '''ndɛkɛ''' – inyoni * '''nyóka''' – inzoka == Imibare == [[File:Map - DR Congo, major languages.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ilingala</font>]] * '''mɔ̌kɔ́''' – rimwe * '''míbalé''' – kabiri * '''mísáto''' – gatatu * '''mínei''' – kane * '''mítáno''' – gatanu * '''motóbá''' – gatandatu * '''nsambo''' – karindwi * '''mwambe''' – umunani * '''libwá''' – icyenda * '''zómi''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kigisosa == * http://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokásá_ya_libosó [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Repubulika ya Kongo]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] oqoxk4d4b2pfbvpkkpige9px4pnundf 14 4625 67214 61064 2013-03-14T05:51:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6895133]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4626 20016 2011-01-17T14:09:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturukimeni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturukimeni]] 531bftxlqhcmkljkujhndbl43wtszl9 0 4627 20017 2011-01-17T14:11:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiporutigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiporutigali]] 2zw1rd03grn0as2jen3p7u78j9dmhov 0 4628 20022 2011-01-17T14:41:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyeyurudu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyeyurudu]] n2rvr1txo045oq5qc85xupcp17jr6qz 0 4629 20023 2011-01-17T14:41:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyeyurudu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyeyurudu]] n2rvr1txo045oq5qc85xupcp17jr6qz 0 4630 20024 2011-01-17T14:42:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyeyurudu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyeyurudu]] n2rvr1txo045oq5qc85xupcp17jr6qz 0 4631 81693 79097 2022-01-31T11:29:20Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zaban urdu mualla.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inyeyurudu</span>]] '''Inyeyurudu'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe]</ref> cyangwa '''Icyuridu''' <ref>translationproject.org</ref> , '''Icyurudu ''' <ref>frenchmozilla.fr</ref> , '''Ikiwurudu''' <ref>microsoft.com</ref> (izina mu nyeyurudu : '''اردو''' ) au la '''Lashkari''' ('''لشکری''')<ref>Khalid, Kanwal. "LAHORE DURING THE GHANAVID PERIOD."</ref> ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Pakisitani]] na [[Buhinde]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''urd''' . [[Dosiye:Dancing Bhairava in the Indian Museum, Kolkata 02.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|umuco wabo gakondo]] [[File:Lashkari Zaban in Nastaliq script.png|thumb|Lashkari Zaban ("lugha ya kambi ya jeshi" au "Lugha ya Hordish") katika hati ya Nastaliq]] == Amagambo n’interuro mu nyeyurudu == * '''السلام علیکم''' – Muraho * '''میرا نام ۔۔۔ ہے''' – Nitwa ... * '''کیا آپ انگریزی بولتے ہیں؟''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''ہاں''' – Yego * '''نہ''' – Oya == Imibare == *'''ایک''' &ndash; rimwe *'''دو''' &ndash; kabiri *'''تین''' &ndash; gatatu *'''چار''' &ndash; kane *'''پانچ''' &ndash; gatanu *'''چھه''' &ndash; gatandatu *'''سات''' &ndash; karindwi *'''آٹھ''' &ndash; umunani *'''نو''' &ndash; icyenda *'''دس''' &ndash; icyumi == Alfabeti ya nyeyurudu == <big><big><big>'''[[ا]] [[ب]] [[پ]] [[ت]] [[ٹ]] [[ث]] [[ج]] [[چ]] [[ح]] [[خ]] [[د]] [[ڈ]] [[ذ]] [[ر]] [[ڑ]] [[ز]] [[ژ]] [[س]] [[ش]] [[ص]] [[ض]] [[ط]] [[ظ]] [[ع]] [[غ]] [[ف]] [[ق]] [[ک]] [[گ]] [[ل]] [[م]] [[ن]] [[و]] [[ھ]] [[ی]] [[ے]]'''</big></big></big> == Wikipediya mu nyeyurudu == *http://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/صفحہ_اول == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] [[Category:Pakisitani]] [[Category:Ubuhinde]] dn7k9oa65c6aquqv3xralmd3rcks4wo 0 4632 20026 2011-01-17T14:47:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyeyurudu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyeyurudu]] n2rvr1txo045oq5qc85xupcp17jr6qz 0 4634 20045 2011-01-17T16:02:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyafurikansi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyafurikansi]] ss8n4y53gdo3gamxiyg7t7u4vajzp19 0 4635 20056 2011-01-17T16:45:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimasedoniyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimasedoniyani]] qzfeb6glc02kn3n3hu5u7t2s0tjq25d 0 4636 20057 2011-01-17T16:45:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimasedoniyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimasedoniyani]] qzfeb6glc02kn3n3hu5u7t2s0tjq25d 0 4637 71914 71809 2019-09-04T05:22:01Z Wolverène 4453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MapOfMacedonianSpeakers.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikimasedoniyani </font>]] [[File:Macedonian Slavic dialects.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikimasedoniyani </font>]] '''Ikimasedoniyani'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org ; lexvo.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikimacedoniya'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> na '''Ikinyamacedoniya'''<ref>translationproject.org </ref> (izina mu kimasedoniyani : ''македонски јазик'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]], [[Alubaniya]], [[Buligariya]], [[Ubugereki]], [[Seribiya]] na [[Romaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''mkd'''. == Alfabeti y’ikimasedoniyani == Ikimasedoniyani kigizwe n’inyuguti 31 : '''а б в г д ѓ е ж з ѕ и ј к л љ м н њ о п р с т ќ у ф х ц ч џ ш''' :inyajwi 5 : '''а е и о у''' :indagi 26 : '''б в г д ѓ ж з ѕ ј к л љ м н њ п р с т ќ ф х ц ч џ ш''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ѓ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ѕ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ј]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Љ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Њ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ќ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Џ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|ѓ||align="center"|е||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|ѕ||align="center"|и||align="center"|ј||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|љ||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|њ||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|ќ||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|џ||align="center"|ш |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu kimasedoniyani == * '''Здраво''' – Muraho * '''Зборувате ли англиски?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Како сте?''' – Amakuru? * '''Добро сум''' – Ni meza * '''Да''' – Yego * '''Не''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''еден''' – rimwe * '''два''' – kabiri * '''три''' – gatatu * '''четири''' – kane * '''пет''' – gatanu * '''шест''' – gatandatu * '''седум''' – karindwi * '''осум''' – umunani * '''девет''' – icyenda * '''десет''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kimasedoniyani == * http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Главна_страница == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasilave]] [[Category:Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] k1ixih94wwioj1kga2ucbnkezr7z5dp 14 4638 71912 70142 2019-09-04T05:20:23Z Wolverène 4453 Wolverène moved page [[Category:Masedoniya]] to [[Category:Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 4639 67747 67687 2013-04-13T09:09:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 116 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8751773]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] ovgtob8j5tu7jcsvxurtd6umtix4vxr 14 4640 67508 63786 2013-04-02T19:00:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 114 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7216043]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] ovgtob8j5tu7jcsvxurtd6umtix4vxr 14 4641 67509 62669 2013-04-02T19:00:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 114 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8490990]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] ovgtob8j5tu7jcsvxurtd6umtix4vxr 14 4642 66136 63621 2013-03-11T11:02:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 169 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4366397]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4643 20103 2011-01-17T18:58:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihongiriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihongiriya]] b3i6zbe36c2jhtdkb4dj5go5q717f3n 0 4644 20104 2011-01-17T18:58:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihongiriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihongiriya]] b3i6zbe36c2jhtdkb4dj5go5q717f3n 0 4645 81772 79228 2022-01-31T11:41:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dist of hu lang europe.png|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’igihongiriya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Balassa_József_A_magyar_nyelv.jpg|thumb|Igihongiriya]] '''Igihongiriya'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; lexvo.org ; babelserver.org ; download.jw.org </ref> cyangwa '''Igihonguruwa'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> n’'''Ikinyahangariya'''<ref>translationproject.org </ref> (izina mu gihongiriya : ''magyar nyelv'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Hongiriya]], [[Seribiya]], [[Romaniya]], [[Silovakiya]] n’[[Ikerene]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''hun''' . [[Dosiye:New Romanian ID Card (2021).png|center|thumb|420x420px|Romania]] <br /> == Alfabeti y’igihongiriya == Igihongiriya kigizwe n’inyuguti 40 : '''a á b c cs d dz dzs e é f g gy h i í j k l ly m n ny o ó ö ő p r s sz t ty u ú ü ű v z zs''' :inyajwi 7 : '''a e i o ö u ü''' (na '''á é í ó ő ú ű''') :indagi 26 : '''b c cs d dz dzs f g gy h j k l ly m n ny p r s sz t ty v z zs''' s = sh<br /> sz = s <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="45" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Á]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Cs]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dz]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dzs]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ë]])||width=3% align="center"|[[É]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gy]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Í]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ly]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ny]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ó]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ő]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Q]])||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Sz]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ty]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ú]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ű]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|([[W]])||width=3% align="center"|([[X]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Y]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Zs]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="45" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|á||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|cs||align="center"|d||align="center"|dz||align="center"|dzs||align="center"|e||align="center"|(ë)||align="center"|é||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|gy||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|í||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|ly||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ny||align="center"|o||align="center"|ó||align="center"|ö||align="center"|ő||align="center"|p||align="center"|(q)||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|sz||align="center"|t||align="center"|ty||align="center"|u||align="center"|ú||align="center"|ü||align="center"|ű||align="center"|v||align="center"|(w)||align="center"|(x)||align="center"|(y)||align="center"|z||align="center"|zs |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * a / á / i / í / o / ó / ú / u → -'''(a)k''' / -'''(o)k''' : ** '''láb''' – '''lábak''' ikirenge – ibirenge ** '''ház''' – '''házak''' inzu – amazu ** '''hal''' – '''halak''' ifi – amafi ** '''madar''' – '''madarak''' inyoni – inyoni ** '''fa''' – '''fák''' igiti – ibiti ** '''nyúl''' – '''nyúlak''' urukwavu – inkwavu ** '''férfi''' – '''férfiak''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''fiú''' – '''fiúk''' umuhungu – abahungu ** '''fog''' – '''fogak''' iryinyo – amenyo ** '''ló ''' – '''lovak''' ifarashi – amafarashi ** '''lány''' – '''lányok''' umukobwa – abakobwa ** '''kígyó''' – '''kígyók''' inzoka – inzoka * e / é / ö / ő / ü / ű → -'''(e)k''' / -'''(ö)k''' : ** '''nő''' – '''nők''' umugore – abagore ** '''gyerek''' – '''gyerekek''' umwana – abwana ** '''csecsemő''' – '''csecsemők''' uruhinja – impinja == Amagambo n'interuro mu gihongiriya == * '''Jó napot (kívánok)!''' – Muraho * '''Köszönöm''' – Murakoze * '''Tud(sz) angolul?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Nem tudom''' – Simbizi * '''Igen''' – Yego * '''Nem''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''egy''' – rimwe * '''kettő''' – kabiri * '''három''' – gatatu * '''négy''' – kane * '''öt''' – gatanu * '''hat''' – gatandatu * '''hét''' – karindwi * '''nyolc''' – umunani * '''kilenc''' – icyenda * '''tíz''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gihongiriya == * http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kezdőlap == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafino-ugiriya]] [[Category:Hongiriya]] 9rps7pxyxbrylid96qnb35jn8cqbn7v 0 4646 20155 2011-01-18T11:39:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikatalani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikatalani]] 0zfgfsgcssd0lsa70o72jg2zq604n6x 0 4647 20159 2011-01-18T12:11:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] 6e48o7mjriramwt5ba0tiy5o9o1zgei 10 4648 68220 67931 2013-08-01T18:40:31Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566868]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Igihongiriya|hu]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | E szerkesztőnek''' [[:Category:User hu|magyar]]''' az '''[[:Category:User hu-N|anyanyelve]]'''.[[Category:User hu|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User hu-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> nv8onak75pgo9oqlx04ptyhmiuu6jas 14 4649 66135 64543 2013-03-11T11:02:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6408768]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|hu]] bhhejqimknp28ib47q65bv8gt9n9a1m 14 4650 65848 60384 2013-03-11T10:54:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6411373]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User hu]] ojxriwd8dyfq5lfdu9auezdzzh9tqlu 10 4651 66240 60087 2013-03-11T11:05:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 61 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566808]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[:Interlingua|ia]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Iste usator pote contribuer con un nivello '''[[:Category:User ia-2|intermedie]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ia|interlingua]]'''.[[Category:User ia|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ia-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 0gx3l41tkdph48u8murpdhyla8dj3yx 14 4652 66242 60177 2013-03-11T11:05:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 66 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6411775]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ia]] rpfykgtqoigwxk5hibm7rw1sjb69pax 14 4653 67826 60084 2013-04-13T09:55:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6411889]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ia]] hcr6mfr81wtxsyps43jd6xo6hbkcc8s 10 4654 66237 60078 2013-03-11T11:05:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5566954]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Bahasa Indonesia|id]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Pengguna ini [[:Category:User_id-3|mahir]] '''[[:Category:User id|berbahasa Indonesia]]'''.[[Category:User id|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User id-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 0oniw8lfvl6bzn4ap8uslonubtygn93 14 4655 66236 64553 2013-03-11T11:05:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6412125]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|id]] 6i97a6bgw2kz4fog5ijhsu4ojsuax3t 14 4656 66239 64546 2013-03-11T11:05:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6412328]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User id]] eotcwqr97fqn8nq90yebeawv149m5n7 10 4657 66238 64796 2013-03-11T11:05:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567015]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #00FF00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#90FF90" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#00FF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ido language|io]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ica uzanto povas kontributar kun '''[[:Category:User io-3|alta]]''' nivelo di '''[[:Category:User io|Ido]]'''. |}</div><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{categories}}}|no||[[Category:User io|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User io-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude><br clear="all"/> [[Category:User io]] [[Category:User io-3]] <noinclude> </noinclude> ke2cn0u3k3dotmd3aryuh1t5iraurhp 14 4658 66244 60178 2013-03-11T11:05:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 63 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6412776]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|io]] 87kkssyjxa1r6yfaxc7ydyosizepzy5 14 4659 67827 54987 2013-04-13T09:56:24Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 57 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6412946]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User io]] i4nwap3o9jwndwbfhgamd121iasm7as 10 4660 68215 67923 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567955]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikiyapani|ja]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="ja" | この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を'''[[:Category:User ja-N|母語]]''' としています。[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> mmnx0wtf1o6fw57su2u9v6hws3f4q54 14 4661 66365 64531 2013-03-11T11:08:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 179 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446118]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ja]] sw6cz08ecqyw7k13uwg3jxmdqngcoti 14 4662 66370 64530 2013-03-11T11:08:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 147 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6114443]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ja]] 2vrtyydmki8j4mtzx3kss9nfddyn7at 10 4663 66373 65374 2013-03-11T11:08:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 45 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567984]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikiyapani|ja]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | &#12371;&#12398;&#21033;&#29992;&#32773;&#12399;'''[[:Category:User ja-1|&#31777;&#21336;]]'''&#12394;'''[[:Category:User ja|&#26085;&#26412;&#35486;]]'''&#12434;&#35441;&#12375;&#12414;&#12377;&#12290;[[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ja-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> h4g4gjdy7ozq8wwnhivqfhpk9ma9nuj 14 4664 66360 60181 2013-03-11T11:08:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 144 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446232]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ja]] 2vrtyydmki8j4mtzx3kss9nfddyn7at 10 4665 66361 64475 2013-03-11T11:08:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567039]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikiyapani|ja]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-4|母語に近いレベル]]'''で'''[[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話します。 [[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ja-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 8mdexdsqgmpj4mnbaf92ald598ev5ju 14 4666 66362 61868 2013-03-11T11:08:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 87 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446464]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ja]] 2vrtyydmki8j4mtzx3kss9nfddyn7at 10 4667 68216 67909 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6585729]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Korean language|ko]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 이 사용자는 '''[[:Category:User ko-3|유창]]'''한 '''[[:Category:User ko|한국어]]'''를 말할 수 있습니다.[[Category:User ko|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ko-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 7u7l1y49sbqgusvmklo97p7n492hic6 14 4668 66283 64533 2013-03-11T11:06:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 128 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6447726]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ko]] cdm77x2z9py4y036rzowmbx4zccqwft 14 4669 66284 60394 2013-03-11T11:06:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 83 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6447959]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ko]] b5lpyuw6d93l10v8ez8ktqdwsj4na4v 10 4670 68217 67918 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6167926]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ripuarian |ksh]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Däm Medmaacher sing '''[[:Category:User ksh|Motterschprooch]]''' es en '''[[:Category:User ksh|Shprooch vum Rhing]].<noinclude>'''[[Category:User ksh|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ksh-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> |} </div> gzgvp0u4db05w0kwxklkdbot9f3sii0 14 4671 66405 62433 2013-03-11T11:09:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 83 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6448342]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ksh]] 8iz44dyj3kekkvtvz4axthj4vdcsovt 14 4672 66404 62430 2013-03-11T11:09:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 76 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6448509]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ksh]] shn7fixg5bbv92i980uuk7njzcydqlc 10 4673 68218 67907 2013-08-01T18:40:30Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6326134]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;white-space:pre" | '''[[Ikilatini|la]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-1|simplice]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 0ruexla9jiw8n9pt3yrc9e5d877k0if 14 4674 67832 54678 2013-04-13T09:58:43Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 141 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6449080]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|la]] 0z2cpcwlym3pgcsejuu1l8odxt9kg12 14 4675 66398 61869 2013-03-11T11:09:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 126 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6449180]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User la]] d20cy2yujx30xmf07cccwgt9yy1vthu 10 4676 68222 67876 2013-08-01T18:40:31Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6966646]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikilatini|la]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-2|media]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> fq7627dd3h9mz93xjs3r2fl3uqsz5cy 14 4677 66397 60120 2013-03-11T11:09:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6449267]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User la]] d20cy2yujx30xmf07cccwgt9yy1vthu 10 4678 68234 67872 2013-08-01T18:40:36Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6419542]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikilatini|la]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Hic usor '''[[:Category:User la-3|callidissima]]''' '''[[:Category:User la|latinitate]]''' contribuere potest.[[Category:User la|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User la-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> hajlrcy5kpcqah3upfohxexcfdoj7g5 14 4679 66395 64549 2013-03-11T11:09:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6449355]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User la]] d20cy2yujx30xmf07cccwgt9yy1vthu 10 4680 66448 63188 2013-03-11T11:10:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 61 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6309806]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Luxembourgish language|lb]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dëse Benotzer ka '''[[:Category:User lb-1|mat Grondkenntnisser]]''' vun der '''[[:Category:User lb|Lëtzebuerger Sprooch]]''' zum Projet bäidroen. [[Category:User lb|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User lb-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 4ypqv25vci2rqxlf7ytnzhf0f8chzeh 14 4681 66449 62432 2013-03-11T11:10:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6449635]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|lb]] f9icey4c8eqwhilmbqg7d1ub36x4yv2 14 4682 66228 62429 2013-03-11T11:05:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6449697]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User lb]] jquey5c11vtkodq6ibiu2spuj5c82x6 10 4683 68233 67870 2013-08-01T18:40:36Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6966826]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Limburgish language|li]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Deze gebroeker haet 'n '''[[:Category:User li-1|baziskinnes]]''' van 't '''[[:Category:User li|Limburgs]]'''. [[Category:User li|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User li-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 00e9s5f7lw72jw9wt39q3w7x0syv0ef 14 4684 66226 62431 2013-03-11T11:05:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 66 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6450002]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|li]] t1kgjuypn2pm46n0mxjovedlvebsivf 14 4685 66227 62428 2013-03-11T11:05:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 52 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6450043]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User li]] 55sk6gb3itnhoxter07c95a48al8g71 10 4686 68235 67878 2013-08-01T18:40:36Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6966960]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Ikimasedoniyani|mk]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Корисникот [[:Category:User mk-1|почетнички]] зборува [[:Category:User mk|македонски]].[[Category:User mk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User mk-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> nnezyu3sawlgiwgoy9m8sgm37isll20 14 4687 67283 62438 2013-03-14T05:54:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6489792]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|mk]] 4j4w1axzfy0092qczf0cgpglnsopsp2 14 4688 67300 62437 2013-03-14T05:56:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 75 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6489864]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User mk]] mgpco10sp2b5ug79xbtmi7gpnd4s2q6 10 4689 70143 68322 2015-08-03T05:31:05Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5873774]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Dutch language|nl]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Deze gebruiker spreekt '''[[:Category:User nl|Nederlands]]''' als '''[[:Category:User nl-N|moedertaal]]'''.[[Category:User nl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nl-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> cdmnqqzyhv1rwtplj5fps3o0qimijuo 14 4690 67835 67685 2013-04-13T10:01:56Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 162 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7003174]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|nl]] brw08t0hdozqoyr8jv1yubr1mt3doem 14 4691 66536 64557 2013-03-11T11:13:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 137 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6428221]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nl]] nst1l8793cprfdq84pzx4mo3w25cvif 10 4692 70144 68293 2015-08-03T05:31:15Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5647192]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Dutch language|nl]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Deze gebruiker heeft een '''[[:Category:User nl-1|beginnende kennis]]''' van het '''[[:Category:User nl|Nederlands]]'''. [[Category:User nl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nl-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> ig5ka7b0n34n5amu4s1txgzdk9lf7s1 14 4693 66537 64555 2013-03-11T11:13:20Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6428371]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nl]] nst1l8793cprfdq84pzx4mo3w25cvif 10 4694 68238 67971 2013-08-01T18:40:36Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5649930]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Dutch language|nl]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Deze gebruiker heeft een '''[[:Category:User nl-2|gemiddelde kennis]]''' van het '''[[:Category:User nl|Nederlands]]'''. [[Category:User nl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nl-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> [[yi:מוסטער:User nl-3]] </noinclude> r8okq6f8mhdiw9kbabuq55qu7ovpiwa 14 4695 67590 62439 2013-04-02T19:04:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8827237]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nl]] nst1l8793cprfdq84pzx4mo3w25cvif 10 4696 67987 67676 2013-04-17T15:15:49Z Addbot 3734 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Nynorsk|nn]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne brukaren '''[[:Category:User nn-2|har god kjennskap]]''' til '''[[:Category:User nn|nynorsk]]'''.[[Category:User nn|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nn-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> s47vj5e8rpnqil3u5xbd4a5h1ona1sf 14 4697 66482 64560 2013-03-11T11:11:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6548305]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|nn]] e5ap6pmb99034d2m0vjp3adhinkm8ox 14 4698 66541 62440 2013-03-11T11:13:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 61 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6468297]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nn]] o0u6grhtvodygwebkc3l2q45qj3f6rb 10 4699 68237 67921 2013-08-01T18:40:36Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9610439]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Nynorsk|nn]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Denne brukaren '''[[:Category:User nn-3|meistrar]]''' '''[[:Category:User nn|nynorsk]]'''.[[Category:User nn|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nn-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 7iriaxgipunlenf5eet5iba04b4ryn8 14 4700 67308 60035 2013-03-14T05:56:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 66 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7003225]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nn]] o0u6grhtvodygwebkc3l2q45qj3f6rb 10 4701 68239 67874 2013-08-01T18:40:37Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6169092]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Norwegian language|no]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Denne redaktøren har '''[[:Category:User no|norsk]]''' som '''[[:Category:User no-N|morsmål]]'''.[[Category:User no|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User no-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 4goalhjnj12iaj52xx1qj0ze7xx6b43 14 4702 67307 60741 2013-03-14T05:56:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 122 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7003332]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|no]] bv59ygqp0ztn0u8igg9uooc3w4rcpxn 14 4703 66485 61321 2013-03-11T11:11:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 97 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6469177]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User no]] 0ilfxdmg7mqc5fmar67g9vcfyeoku52 10 4704 68240 67885 2013-08-01T18:40:37Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6967328]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Norwegian language|no]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne brukeren kan litt '''[[:Category:User no-1|norsk]]'''.[[Category:User no|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User no-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> seou5rowk5uv0frdi9n5wxlo87xpq9m 14 4705 67306 60033 2013-03-14T05:56:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7003321]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User no]] 0ilfxdmg7mqc5fmar67g9vcfyeoku52 10 4706 70145 68300 2015-08-03T05:31:25Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5878178]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Norwegian language|no]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Denne brukeren har '''[[:Category:User no-2|god kjennskap]]''' til '''[[:Category:User no|norsk]]'''.[[Category:User no|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User no-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> fenw4pxhpbo48gun7o26o9fxqaftbur 14 4707 67305 61858 2013-03-14T05:56:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7003322]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User no]] 0ilfxdmg7mqc5fmar67g9vcfyeoku52 10 4708 66492 20263 2013-03-11T11:12:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6482072]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[Pennsylvania German language|pdc]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Daer Yuuser do schwetzt '''[[:Category:User pdc-1|ebbes]]''' '''[[:Category:User pdc|Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch]]'''.[[Category:User pdc|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User pdc-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> avfw9zdnwczxe56liffkxulms3lu59a 14 4709 67838 62446 2013-04-13T10:03:15Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 43 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8888944]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|pdc]] 1myvjsi8racieoe9g1qwmt6d6cf0ty3 14 4710 67546 62445 2013-04-02T19:02:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 37 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7160623]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pdc]] 0krroh2dvd8wzbztwx6dplewwodq59g 10 4711 70146 68302 2015-08-03T05:31:35Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 2 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5872542]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Polish language|pl]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | '''[[:Category:User pl|Polski]]''' jest '''[[:Category:User pl-N|językiem ojczystym]]''' tego użytkownika.[[Category:User pl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User pl-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 81zets0nmzjzsoaqg09m62swefa4e0m 14 4712 67841 62448 2013-04-13T10:05:08Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 157 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7215810]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|pl]] 0ao5gjpbnvzvbag3zv48j5q47xbd1vr 14 4713 66390 64552 2013-03-11T11:09:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 125 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6428235]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pl]] r6t6zti1a6pqvemjmon81uapa3k5tl9 10 4714 70147 68303 2015-08-03T05:31:45Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q5985897]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Polish language|pl]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Ten użytkownik posługuje się '''[[:Category:User pl|językiem polskim]]''' na poziomie '''[[:Category:User pl-1|podstawowym]]'''.[[Category:User pl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User pl-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> h1kmrh7l1axtpst6r9gv79ak3vzh1iq 14 4715 67842 62447 2013-04-13T10:06:35Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 108 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7706796]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pl]] r6t6zti1a6pqvemjmon81uapa3k5tl9 10 4716 68243 67902 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5863508]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''pt-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Este usuário pode contribuir com um nível '''[[:Category:User pt-1|básico]]''' de '''[[:Category:User pt|português]]'''. |}</div> <includeonly> [[Category:User pt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User pt-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] </includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:User pt|*]] </noinclude> cnycx24m3gz6bouxgemruxy4o5zb65m 10 4717 70148 67871 2015-08-03T05:31:55Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6638944]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Romanian language|ro]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Acest utilizator poate contribui cu un nivel '''[[:Category:User ro-1|de bază]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ro|română]]'''. [[Category:User ro|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ro-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> tbvdnbjc2iqfxk2ybhl6mxw53amuqpu 14 4718 66391 64064 2013-03-11T11:09:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587049]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|ro]] mg11c8344bxfid2zkm8c1kb0185sc70 14 4719 67547 62453 2013-04-02T19:02:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 75 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587059]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ro]] g2djfy0eki9y5zy6wktxbm4rrscexl7 10 4720 68247 67916 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6585231]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник '''[[:Category:User ru-2|неплохо]]''' знает '''[[:Category:User ru|русский язык]]'''. [[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> oslvxm1cnsblo9uu0aavaufy6py4qyg 14 4721 67845 62085 2013-04-13T10:11:14Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 146 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587163]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ru]] 14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60 10 4722 68002 67677 2013-04-22T12:35:59Z Addbot 3734 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968146]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;height:45px;background:#D0F8FF;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:13pt;line-height:1.2em;" | '''simple<br />2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:3pt;line-height:1.15em;" | This person is able to help out with a '''[[:Category:User simple-2|medium]]''' level of '''[[Simple English]]'''. [[Category:User simple|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User simple-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> dp3kydgg06za880zjzisj6oj69jhaec 14 4723 67539 62463 2013-04-02T19:02:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7583289]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|simple]] erpoqg9krbzpwxckrd13fneynn1e7pf 14 4724 67289 56805 2013-03-14T05:55:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7160713]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User simple]] c52ksbxgd3ihqerbslc1a6b0v2rcyac 10 4725 68245 67912 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968242]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Slovak language|sk]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tento redaktor má '''[[:Category:User sk-1|základné]]''' znalosti '''[[:Category:User sk|slovenčiny]]'''.[[Category:User sk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sk-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> tfgp8u49orzp73l30k8r80r68ko5usd 14 4726 67290 62455 2013-03-14T05:55:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587818]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sk]] avlwde92u1avlj2kiv7jkjbnc3gv9ys 10 4727 68252 67896 2013-08-01T18:40:39Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7486784]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Slovene language|sl]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Uporabnik pozna '''[[:Category:User sl-1|osnove]]''' '''[[:Category:User sl|slovenskega jezika]]'''.[[Category:User sl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sl-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 0hv7xlubd3r8jed8lreuxcu3emrqrel 14 4728 67286 60021 2013-03-14T05:55:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587864]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sl]] qlafr5bqxqydqvu7qur42wo7573bd3j 14 4729 67285 62456 2013-03-14T05:55:09Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587875]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sl]] rpt1rmuw1ekcznxqkeuxtlsft3kkabg 10 4730 68251 67900 2013-08-01T18:40:39Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968416]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Serbian language|sr]]-1'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Овај корисник поседује [[:Category:User_sr-1|основно знање]] [[:Category:User sr|српског језика]] [[Category:User sr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> 8jdh1ilbaqzmc94p4vrk9ggymsca598 14 4731 67513 61769 2013-04-02T19:01:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 82 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588052]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sr]] j96tgmy9phi42hg73mvmcxy7ckbt7qt 14 4732 67261 62454 2013-03-14T05:54:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588062]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sr]] nclygai5mxxa2m7kwgu1zcu6xtpgl6v 10 4733 70149 68296 2015-08-03T05:32:05Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6482069]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Swedish language|sv]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denna användare har '''[[:Category:User sv-1|grundläggande kunskaper]]''' i '''[[:Category:User sv|svenska]]'''. [[Category:User sv|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sv-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 9o9fzwk7jh53gszrchjiwgwytf50tyl 14 4734 67854 54821 2013-04-13T10:17:58Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 156 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6588226]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sv]] b5jhxxrtpdsua99p9pek6c9nd240lav 14 4735 67268 61274 2013-03-14T05:54:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 118 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588242]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sv]] nm9g2k9q41ryvonwfarekhxnl0q0ljt 10 4736 68253 67889 2013-08-01T18:40:39Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6223496]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Swedish language|sv]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denna användare har kunskaper på '''[[:Category:User sv-2|mellannivå]]''' i '''[[:Category:User sv|svenska]]'''. [[Category:User sv|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sv-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> 4q8cm9akyt5foj7n7ek5rktebby9r6a 14 4737 66231 64359 2013-03-11T11:05:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6468253]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sv]] nm9g2k9q41ryvonwfarekhxnl0q0ljt 10 4738 68255 67924 2013-08-01T18:40:39Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6734645]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Swedish language|sv]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denna användare behärskar '''[[:Category:User sv|svenska]]''' '''[[:Category:User sv-3|flytande]]'''. [[Category:User sv|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sv-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> tdvkqred0fxw5sc3jdvtfp6dcq26qst 14 4739 67269 62466 2013-03-14T05:54:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 87 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588258]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sv]] nm9g2k9q41ryvonwfarekhxnl0q0ljt 10 4740 68254 67873 2013-08-01T18:40:39Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6567100]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igiswahili|sw]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Mtumiaji huyu aweza kushiriki kwa '''[[:Category:User sw|Kiswahili]]''' cha kiwango cha '''[[:Category:User sw-1|msingi]]'''.[[Category:User sw|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sw-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> tgcved53pq5mjvwbnk8hs7qo5o0m0tk 14 4741 67589 62451 2013-04-02T19:04:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 46 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588304]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sw]] 205a2sfilptpnmylnlbu6p9oaszd6ns 14 4742 66528 59411 2013-03-11T11:12:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 39 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6481623]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sw]] 2oazy1uxag1834moby2bf8rgz94rq0u 10 4743 68257 67894 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5567943]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igiturukiya|tr]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tr|kullanıcı]]''' '''[[:Category:User tr-2|orta seviyede Türkçe]]''' anlıyor. [[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> gp4hfl8pf4warg7d4to0ly6x5afqgi1 14 4744 67858 54929 2013-04-13T10:20:50Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6592252]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User tr]] jjn9uwmdmklfcmobkzu7gxlgnfzj61m 10 4745 68263 67966 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968982]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ukrainian language|uk]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Користувач володiє '''[[:Category:User uk|українською]]''' '''[[:Category:User uk-4|майже на рівні з рiдною]]''' мовою. [[Category:User uk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User uk-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> djk83ib9ws1v73jb7ekbvf8r3t40ltf 14 4746 67313 62468 2013-03-14T05:56:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6593199]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User uk]] 3c0o4ds23dma536dckwxylqxb0g3i4g 10 4747 68258 67915 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9611897]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Limba vietnameză|vi]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Thành viên này sử dụng '''[[:Category:User vi|tiếng Việt]]''' như ngôn ngữ '''[[:Category:User vi-N|mẹ đẻ]]'''. [[Category:User vi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vi-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> q5zc905mxo22aautbvziwhs4e5zzrry 14 4748 67588 60014 2013-04-02T19:04:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 60 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6593735]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|vi]] c9rzrgv6r0e3jqxq3k661ldbbuxiyms 14 4749 67587 62470 2013-04-02T19:04:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 54 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6593889]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User vi]] 3k85fvtmp0hgycs7qe1oepsgcek7ry6 10 4750 70150 68261 2015-08-03T05:32:15Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6969326]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Chinese language|zh]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 該用戶能以'''[[:Category:User zh-1|初级]][[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''進行交流。<br />该用户能以'''[[:Category:User zh-1|初級]][[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''进行交流。 |} [[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User zh-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] <noinclude> </noinclude> </div> fuc0vk2du6rrvyxyt2f0qgaunkdtrdt 14 4751 67297 62473 2013-03-14T05:55:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7004650]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User zh]] kfmh94irzrlyu2oaeu7k2o31f2plics 10 4752 68262 67881 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6969424]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77e0e8 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#d0f8ff;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77e0e8;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Chinese language|zh]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 該用戶能以'''[[:Category:User zh-2|中級]][[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''進行交流。<br />该用户能以'''[[:Category:User zh-2|中级]][[:Category:User zh|中文]]'''进行交流。 |} [[Category:User zh|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User zh-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] <noinclude> </div> t5kap12m66y1wx3s5qbj1ry4mp9s1cv 14 4753 67298 61123 2013-03-14T05:55:56Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7004762]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User zh]] kfmh94irzrlyu2oaeu7k2o31f2plics 0 4754 66436 63945 2013-03-11T11:10:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q35470]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ElamischeStrichschrift.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Icyelamite</font>]] '''Icyelamite''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''elx''' . [[Category:Indimi]] ew4oq1ofagz313asc6hdvz125d6xcla 0 4755 20332 2011-01-18T17:41:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyewondo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyewondo]] eysdwv2bvurfrjgilti9j1c9rkgvhf0 0 4756 76934 66437 2021-08-04T01:48:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LAMap-doton-Cameron.png|center|thumb|cameron]] '''Icyewendo''' (izina mu cyewendo : ''?'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Kameruni]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ewo''' . [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Kameruni]] t7eyw1omkupsn0hx3gusdv2eupqckt4 0 4757 20342 2011-01-18T17:53:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyoriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyoriya]] aghjsrsfmtnxy7ier1h8626a3ptsap2 0 4758 81688 79073 2022-01-31T11:28:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oriyaspeakers.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’icyoriya</span>]] [[Dosiye:ଇଣ୍ଟରନେଟରେ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଲେଖା କାହିଁକି ଅଧିକ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ? - ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ ଶିକ୍ଷଣ ୧.webm|thumb|'''ଓଡ଼ିଆ''' ''oṛiā'']] [[Dosiye:Flag of India, New Delhi.jpg|left|thumb|india]] '''Icyoriya'''<ref>microsoft.com ; frenchmozilla.fr ; translationproject.org</ref> cyangwa '''Inyoriya'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe]</ref> (izina mu cyoriya : '''ଓଡ଼ିଆ ''' ''oṛiā'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] i [[Orisa]] rw’u [[Buhinde]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ori''' . [[Dosiye:Flag of India.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|insdia]] == Alfabeti ya Icyoriya == ଅ- ଆ-/-ା ଇ-/-ି ଈ-/-ୀ ଉ-/-ୁ ଊ-/-ୂ ଋ-/-ୃ ଌ- ଏ-/-େ- ଐ-/-ୈ- ଓ-/-ୋ- ଔ-/-ୌ- କ ଖ ଗ ଘ ଙ ଚ ଛ ଜ ଝ ଞ ଟ ଠ ଡ ଡ଼ ଢ ଢ଼ ଣ ତ ଥ ଦ ଧ ନ ପ ଫ ବ ଭ ମ ଯ ୟ ର ଲ ଳ (ଵ) ଶ ଷ ସ ହ -୍ ଂ -ଁ ଃ -଼ -ୖ ୗ ''Unicode'': {| |- align="center" |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- align="center" |B00||&nbsp;||଀||ଁ||ଂ||ଃ||଄||ଅ||ଆ||ଇ||ଈ||ଉ||ଊ||ଋ||ଌ||଍||଎||ଏ |- align="center" |B10||&nbsp;||ଐ||଑||଒||ଓ||ଔ||କ||ଖ||ଗ||ଘ||ଙ||ଚ||ଛ||ଜ||ଝ||ଞ||ଟ |- align="center" |B20||&nbsp;||ଠ||ଡ||ଢ||ଣ||ତ||ଥ||ଦ||ଧ||ନ||଩||ପ||ଫ||ବ||ଭ||ମ||ଯ |- align="center" |B30||&nbsp;||ର||଱||ଲ||ଳ||଴||ଵ||ଶ||ଷ||ସ||ହ||଺||଻||଼||ଽ||ା||ି |- align="center" |B40||&nbsp;||ୀ||ୁ||ୂ||ୃ||ୄ||୅||୆||େ||ୈ||୉||୊||ୋ||ୌ||୍||୎||୏ |- align="center" |B50||&nbsp;||୐||୑||୒||୓||୔||୕||ୖ||ୗ||୘||୙||୚||୛||ଡ଼||ଢ଼||୞||ୟ |- align="center" |B60||&nbsp;||ୠ||ୡ||ୢ||ୣ||୤||୥||୦||୧||୨||୩||୪||୫||୬||୭||୮||୯ |- align="center" |B70||&nbsp;||୰||ୱ||୲||୳||୴||୵||୶||୷||୸||୹||୺||୻||୼||୽||୾||୿ |} == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyoriya == * '''ସୁପ୍ରଭାତ୍''' (''suprabhaat'') – Mwaramutse * '''ସୁଭସନ୍ଧ୍ଯା''' (''shubhashandhaa'') – Mwiriwe * '''ନମସ୍କର ''' (''namascara'') – – Muraho * '''କିମିଥିହି ଅତ୍ଚନ୍ଥି?''' (''kimithi atchanthi?'') – Amakuru yawe * '''ମୁଁ ଭଲ ଅଛି ଧନ୍ଯବାଦ''' (''mū bhala achi dhanyabada'') – Ni meza, Murakoze * '''ତୁମର ନାମ କଗ୍ଦଣ?''' (''tumara naama kagnaṇa?'') – Witwa nde? * '''ମୋର ନାମ ...''' (''mora naama ...'') – Nitwa ... * '''କୁକୁଡ଼ା''' – isake == Imibare == * '''ଏକ''' (''ek'') – rimwe * '''ଦୁଇ''' (''dui'') – kabiri * '''ତିନି'' (''tini'') – gatatu * '''ଚାରି''' (''čāri'') – kane * '''ପାଞ୍ଚ''' (''pāñč'') – gatanu * '''ଛଅ''' (''čʰôô'') – gatandatu * '''ସାତ''' (''sāt'') – karindwi * '''ଆଠ''' (''āṭʰ'') – umunani * '''ନଅ''' (''nôô'') – icyenda * '''ଦଶ''' (''dôš'') – icyumi == Wikipediya mu cyoriya == * http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/ପ୍ରଧାନ_ପୃଷ୍ଠା == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] [[Category:Ubuhinde]] 1bvu771rgahvs6ek16b2s6byu6l914u 0 4759 20346 2011-01-18T17:57:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyoriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyoriya]] aghjsrsfmtnxy7ier1h8626a3ptsap2 0 4760 20376 2011-01-18T18:50:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikirigizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikirigizi]] b2vbiurj8kyl0jtovnxaqjs77z6kush 0 4761 20378 2011-01-18T18:51:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikirigizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikirigizi]] b2vbiurj8kyl0jtovnxaqjs77z6kush 0 4762 20379 2011-01-18T18:51:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikirigizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikirigizi]] b2vbiurj8kyl0jtovnxaqjs77z6kush 0 4763 81775 66368 2022-01-31T11:42:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationKyrgyzstan.svg|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Igikirigizi</span>]] Ururimi rwa '''Igikirigizi'''<ref>download.jw.org</ref> cyangwa '''Igikirigisi'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> , '''Ikirigizi'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> (izina mu gikirigizi : ''кыргызча'' cyangwa ''кыргыз тили'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Kirigizisitani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''kir'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igikirigizi== Igikirigizi kigizwe n’inyuguti 36 : '''а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ң о ө п р с т у ү ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ң]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ө]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ү]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="36" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|ң||align="center"|о||align="center"|ө||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ү||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * а / ы / о (ё) / у → -'''лар''' /-'''лор''' ; -'''дар''' /-'''дор''' ; -'''тар''' / -'''тор''' : ** '''аяктар''' &ndash; '''аяктар''' ikirenge – ibirenge ** '''балык''' &ndash; '''балыктар''' ifi – amafi ** '''агач''' &ndash; '''агачтар''' igiti – ibiti ** '''таш''' &ndash; '''таштар''' ibuye – amabuye * е / и / ө / ү → -'''лер''' /-'''лөр''' ; -'''дер''' /-'''дөр''' ; -'''тер''' / -'''төр''' : ** '''үй''' &ndash; '''үйлөр''' inzu – amazu ** '''көз''' &ndash; '''көздөр''' ijisho – amaso ** '''эркек''' &ndash; '''эркектер''' umugabo – abagabo ** '''тиш''' &ndash; '''тиштер''' iryinyo – amenyo == Amagambo n’interuro mu gikirigizi== * '''Салам!''' – Muraho * '''Hoş geldin''' – Murakaza neza * '''Кандайсың?''' – Amakuru? * '''Жакшы''' – Ni meza *'''Сиз Кыргызча сүйлөйсүзбү?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? *'''Сиз Кыргызча сүйлөйсүзбү?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? == Imibare == * '''бир''' – rimwe * '''эки''' – kabiri * '''үч''' – gatatu * '''төрт''' – kane * '''беш''' – gatanu * '''алты''' – gatandatu * '''жети''' – karindwi * '''сегиз''' – umunani * '''тогуз''' – icyenda * '''он''' – icumi * '''он бир''' – cumi na rimwe * '''он эки''' – cumi na kaviri * '''он үч''' – cumi na gatatu * '''он төрт''' – cumi na kane * '''он беш''' – cumi na gatanu * '''он алты''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''он жети''' – cumi na karindwi * '''он сегиз''' – cumi n’umunani * '''он тогуз''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''жыйырма''' – makumyabiri * '''жыйырма бир''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''жыйырма эки''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''жыйырма үч''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''жыйырма төрт''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''жыйырма беш''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''жыйырма алты''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''жыйырма жети''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''жыйырма сегиз''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''жыйырма тогуз''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''отуз''' – mirongo itatu * '''кырк''' – mirongo ine * '''элүү''' – mirongo itanu * '''алтымыш''' – mirongo itandatu * '''жетимиш''' – mirongo irindwi * '''сексен''' – mirongo inani * '''токсон''' – mirongo cyenda * '''жүз''' – ijana * '''миң''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gikirigizi == *http://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Башбарак == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Kirigizisitani]] apz8m125mihmkcin1z70xjojxak0tnh 0 4764 20383 2011-01-18T18:59:00Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Kirigizasitani]] to [[Kirigizisitani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kirigizisitani]] j7o51juw4g4htq015a4l96wmp5li9zx 14 4765 67292 61401 2013-03-14T05:55:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7083809]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4766 20402 2011-01-18T20:32:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkoko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkoko]] jn3o43bn56imssbccy63sygd5hjc6eg 0 4767 78136 77198 2021-08-22T06:52:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Long-crested_eagle_(Lophaetus_occipitalis)_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Imisambi ya Uganda]] [[Dosiye:Crested_crane.jpg|thumb|Imisambi ya Uganda]] '''Imisambi ya Uganda''' {{stub}} umusambi ni inyamaswa ibazwa mu biguruka. [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Category:Ubugande]] e1w8zj2qfb1bfei25k3jqfmqluno8t0 14 4777 67284 64001 2013-03-14T05:54:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 97 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6884728]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4778 20456 2011-01-19T00:34:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kote Divuwari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kote Divuwari]] 5peu688utaue6nar3gqspkz0w3swdsn 14 4780 67258 67134 2013-03-14T05:54:08Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6888719]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4782 66225 60981 2013-03-11T11:05:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455583]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4786 78058 69093 2021-08-20T09:54:14Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Idi Amin -Archives New Zealand AAWV 23583, KIRK1, 5(B), R23930288.jpg|thumb|upright|Idi Amin]] [[Dosiye:The_Late_Idi_Amin_Dada's_Presidential_Car.png|thumb|Imodoka ya Perezida wa Nyakwigendera Idi Amin Dada]] '''Idi Amin Dada''' (1925 – 16 Kanama 2003) Idi Amin Dada yayoboye Ubugande kuva 1971kugeza 1979. Dore amazina bamwitaga : Nyakubahwa, Perezida w’iteka (president a vie), Mareshal, Al Hadj Docteur Idi Amin Dada, Uwatwaye ubwami bw’Abongereza muri Africa cyane cyane muri [[Uganda]], n’andi mazina. Tubibutse ko kuri Id Amin Dada, iri zina Dada ngo ryaba rifitanye isano n’ukuntu yaba yarikundiraga abagore. Ngo bose yabitaga dada, bivuga mushiki mu rurimi rw’igiswayire. [[Category:Abagande]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] otjpofvz52tde91grvhl6pe22uococ9 0 4787 20491 2011-01-19T08:24:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tayilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tayilande]] j2lmtmu2c6ope0w55m6b564096ycgzq 0 4788 78310 66223 2021-08-24T02:06:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationYugoslavia2.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Yugosilaviya</font>]] '''Yugosilaviya''' cyangwa '''Yugoslaviya''' [[Dosiye:Map of Yugoslav Republics.png|center|thumb|320x320px|'''Yugoslaviya''']] [[Dosiye:World Factbook (1990) Yugoslavia.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|'''Yugoslaviya''']] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] p0ahyjwp5ip9rb6s975i2v4iqehlea2 0 4789 20496 2011-01-19T08:30:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yugosilaviya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yugosilaviya]] ae6g9ho9zt1zm1uhm85axn2bxmyx1kb 0 4791 81665 79042 2022-01-31T11:25:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cholesterol.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Cholestérol</span>]] [[Dosiye:Canva - Woman Feeling Emotional Stress.jpg|thumb|umuntu ufite umunaniro]] '''Cholestérol''' (''mu [[gifaransa]]'') Ubundi cholestérol iba mo amoko 2: Cholestérol LDL ari na yo mbi; Cholestérol HDL, iyi yo ikaba ari nziza 1. '''Cholestérol LDL''' cyangwa '''mbi''' Iterwa no kurenza urugero rw'ibiribwa bikomoka ku nyamaswa kandi udakora imyitozo ngororamubiri (''sport'') ihagije. Iyi cholestérol ihabwa ingufu no : :Kunywa itabi, :Umunaniro :Imisemburo (''hormones'') :Karande (''hérédité'') :Gufata amafunguro atarimo intungamubiri zigabanya imyanda mu mubiri (''antioxydants'') 2. '''Cholestérol HDL''' cyangwa '''nziza''' [[Dosiye:Technology stress hunch.png|thumb]] Iyi holestérol HDL umubiri wacu ufite ubushobozi bwo kuyikorera ubwawo bitabaye ngombwa ko tuyikura mu byo kurya. Kandi umubiri ubasha gukora iyo ukeneye kugira ngo amaraso atembere neza. [[Category:Ubutabire]] rh667a0zutu3nmlh6impil93n3ldadu 0 4792 21113 20516 2011-01-21T05:13:54Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] 2pt5kufer1l24npai7464g00klc56a8 0 4793 20531 20518 2011-01-19T11:40:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] n9976utrxv3yussnewsits996uhqodt 0 4794 20532 20519 2011-01-19T11:41:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] n9976utrxv3yussnewsits996uhqodt 0 4795 20533 20520 2011-01-19T11:41:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] n9976utrxv3yussnewsits996uhqodt 0 4796 20523 2011-01-19T11:36:54Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Yesu Krisitu]] to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] 2pt5kufer1l24npai7464g00klc56a8 0 4797 20525 2011-01-19T11:39:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] atkrjvlx89to9wszqh33bexgb7smtlv 0 4798 20526 2011-01-19T11:39:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] atkrjvlx89to9wszqh33bexgb7smtlv 0 4799 20527 2011-01-19T11:39:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] atkrjvlx89to9wszqh33bexgb7smtlv 0 4800 20528 2011-01-19T11:40:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] atkrjvlx89to9wszqh33bexgb7smtlv 0 4801 20530 2011-01-19T11:40:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yezu Kirisitu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yezu Kirisitu]] atkrjvlx89to9wszqh33bexgb7smtlv 0 4802 20537 2011-01-19T12:27:25Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Selimiye]] to [[Umusigiti wa Selimiye (Turukiya)]]: 2Selimiye wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Selimiye (Turukiya)]] 9c60bndqayylr9aiib5u4zb3h9xs5h6 0 4803 77883 77882 2021-08-18T03:33:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint Sophia, Nicosia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Selimiye</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nicosia 01-2017 img20 View from Shacolas Tower.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Selimiye'']] [[Dosiye:SELİMİYE CAMİİ, Konya.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Selimiye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Selimiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Selimiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nikosiya]] muri [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] lvqa4xriadzpfxrsn7wtis209jk8qlt 14 4811 67274 60985 2013-03-14T05:54:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 96 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6985875]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4812 67731 67133 2013-04-13T08:49:29Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6889054]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4813 67271 61003 2013-03-14T05:54:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6884436]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4814 67278 61026 2013-03-14T05:54:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 93 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6891059]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4815 67277 60992 2013-03-14T05:54:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 96 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6891951]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4816 67276 60994 2013-03-14T05:54:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 106 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6894431]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 4817 67275 60535 2013-03-14T05:54:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6894753]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 4818 20599 2011-01-19T15:28:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igisansikiriti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igisansikiriti]] 1czsiq0h8gur05n27t9y964oim3ma2h 0 4819 81783 79235 2022-01-31T11:43:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Indian cultural zone.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’gisansikiriti</span>]] [[File:Sanskrit Devanagari.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam) = Igisansikiriti</span>]] '''Igisansikiriti''' (izina mu igisansikiriti : '''संस्कृतम् ''' ''saṃskṛtam'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] kera zo mu "Greater India" na i [[Uttarakhand]] rw’u [[Buhinde]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''san''' . [[Dosiye:Flag of India, New Delhi.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|india flag]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti ya igisansikiriti == * → [[Devanagari]] '''अ इ उ ऋ ऌ ए ओ क ख ग घ ङ ह च छ ज झ ञ य श ट ठ ड ढ ण र ष त थ द ध न ल स प फ ब भ म व''' == Amagambo n’interuro mu gisansikiriti == * '''नमस्ते''' – Muraho * '''शुभ प्रभातम्''' – Mwaramutse * '''नमस्ते''' – Mwiriwe * '''किं तव नाम''' – Witwa nde? * '''अहम् ...''' cyangwa '''... अस्मि''' – Nitwa ... == Imibare == * '''एकम्''' (''ekam'') – rimwe * '''द्वे''' (''dve'') – kabiri * '''त्रीणि'' (''trīṇi'') – gatatu * '''चत्वारि''' (''catvāri'') – kane * '''पञ्च''' (''pañca'') – gatanu * '''षष्''' (''ṣaṣ'') – gatandatu * '''सप्त''' (''sapta'') – karindwi * '''अष्ट''' (''aṣṭa'') – umunani * '''नव''' (''nava'') – icyenda * '''दश''' (''daśa'') – icyumi * '''शत''' – ijana * '''सहस्त्र''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gisansikiriti == * http://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/मुख्यपृष्ठम् [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] [[Category:Ubuhinde]] 863xd89twk7mqvny88ihhdvhjwulyyl 0 4820 20621 2011-01-19T16:50:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitajiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitajiki]] e9mozq987mui5o5e0gtwyn7hp6l9ij5 0 4821 20623 2011-01-19T16:51:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitajiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitajiki]] e9mozq987mui5o5e0gtwyn7hp6l9ij5 14 4822 67259 63107 2013-03-14T05:54:09Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7087305]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4823 81785 79238 2022-01-31T11:43:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationTajikistan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’igitajiki</span>]] [[Dosiye:Saluzzo Salita al Castello.jpg|thumb|''забони тоҷикӣ'']] '''Igitajiki [[Kinyaperisi]]'''<ref> [http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org</ref> cyangwa '''Igitajika'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> (izina mu gitajiki : ''тоҷикӣ'' cyangwa ''забони тоҷикӣ'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Tajikisitani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''tgk'''. [[Dosiye:Darvaz - Tajkistan 1998 (3003681980).jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|tajkistan]] == Alfabeti y’igitajiki == Igitajiki kigizwe n’inyuguti 39 : '''а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ғ ӣ қ ӯ ҳ ҷ''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="39" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ғ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӣ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Қ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ӯ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ҳ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ҷ]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="39" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я||align="center"|ғ||align="center"|ӣ||align="center"|қ||align="center"|ӯ||align="center"|ҳ||align="center"|ҷ |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == -'''ҳо''' cyangwa -'''(г)он''' : * '''забон''' – '''забонҳо''' ururimi – indimi * '''калтакалос''' – '''калтакалосҳо''' ikyugu – ibyugu * '''растани''' – '''растаниҳо''' ikimera – ibimera * '''парранда''' – '''паррандаҳо''' cyangwa '''паррандагон''' ikirenge – ibirenge == Amagambo n’interuro mu gitajiki == == Imibare == * '''як''' – rimwe * '''ду''' – kabiri * '''се''' – gatatu * '''чор''' – kane * '''панҷ''' – gatanu * '''шаш''' – gatandatu * '''ҳафт''' – karindwi * '''ҳашт''' – umunani * '''нӯҳ''' – icyenda * '''даҳ''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gitajiki == * http://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Саҳифаи_Аслӣ == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] [[Category:Tajikisitani]] pcb01zk48kfvguos2hdbr012hqn51mw 0 4824 20638 2011-01-19T17:57:10Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Buligariya]] to [[Bulugariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bulugariya]] 1mdozqutct553e7pm30vy2gixz2nbcg 0 4825 20641 2011-01-19T18:00:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikibulugariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikibulugariya]] 6sqtfqol3x2hkex6kmq1dn8ynvt084s 0 4826 20642 2011-01-19T18:00:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikibulugariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikibulugariya]] 6sqtfqol3x2hkex6kmq1dn8ynvt084s 0 4827 20643 2011-01-19T18:01:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikibulugariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikibulugariya]] 6sqtfqol3x2hkex6kmq1dn8ynvt084s 0 4828 78985 66328 2021-08-30T09:52:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bulgarian dialects by Todor Bozhinov.png|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikibulugariya </font>]] [[Dosiye:Geographical_distribution_of_extant_Slavic_and_East_Baltic_languages_2015.png|thumb|Ikibulugariya]] '''Ikibulugariya'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyabulugariya'''<ref>translationproject.org ; download.jw.org</ref> na '''Ikibuligare'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> (izina mu kibulugariya : ''български'' cyangwa ''български език'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Bulugariya]], [[Ubugereki]], [[Seribiya]] na [[Romaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''bul'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikibulugariya == Ikibulugariya kigizwe n’inyuguti 30 : '''а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ь ю я''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="30" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="30" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ь||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu kibulugariya == * '''Здравей''' – Muraho *'''Говорите ли английски?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Как си? / Как сте?''' – Amakuru? * '''Добре съм''' – Ni meza * '''Да''' – Yego * '''Не''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''едно''' – rimwe * '''две''' – kabiri * '''три''' – gatatu * '''четири''' – kane * '''пет''' – gatanu * '''шест''' – gatandatu * '''седем''' – karindwi * '''осем''' – umunani * '''девет''' – icyenda * '''десет''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kibulugariya == *http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Начална_страница == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasilave]] [[Category:Bulugariya]] 2wqdaag766je1wq2647broobzo8d5fb 0 4829 66329 62681 2013-03-11T11:07:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 105 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5885]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tamilspeakers.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’igitamili</font>]] '''Igitamili'''<ref> [http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org ; frenchmozilla.fr ; download.jw.org ; lexvo.org </ref> cyangwa '''Igitamulu''' <ref>microsoft.com</ref> (izina mu gitamili : '''தமிழ்''' ''tamiḻ'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Ubuhinde]], [[Siri Lanka]] na [[Singapore]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-1]] '''tam'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == umugereka – ubuke == -'''கள்''' : * '''பறவை''' – '''பறவைகள்''' inyoni – inyoni == Alfabeti y’Igitamili == {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center" |+"Tamil compound table" |- !width="46pt"|inyajwi → ingombajwi ↓ !width="40pt"|அ !width="40pt"|ஆ !width="40pt"|இ !width="40pt"|ஈ !width="40pt"|உ !width="40pt"|ஊ !width="40pt"|எ !width="40pt"|ஏ !width="40pt"|ஐ !width="40pt"|ஒ !width="40pt"|ஓ !width="40pt"|ஔ |- !க் |க |கா |கி |கீ |கு |கூ |கெ |கே |கை |கொ |கோ |கௌ |- !ங் |ங |ஙா |ஙி |ஙீ |ஙு |ஙூ |ஙெ |ஙே |ஙை |ஙொ |ஙோ |ஙௌ |- !ச் |ச |சா |சி |சீ |சு |சூ |செ |சே |சை |சொ |சோ |சௌ |- !ஞ் |ஞ |ஞா |ஞி |ஞீ |ஞு |ஞூ |ஞெ |ஞே |ஞை |ஞொ |ஞோ |ஞௌ |- !ட் |ட |டா |டி |டீ |டு |டூ |டெ |டே |டை |டொ |டோ |டௌ |- !ண் |ண |ணா |ணி |ணீ |ணு |ணூ |ணெ |ணே |ணை |ணொ |ணோ |ணௌ |- !த் |த |தா |தி |தீ |து |தூ |தெ |தே |தை |தொ |தோ |தௌ |- !ந் |ந |நா |நி |நீ |நு |நூ |நெ |நே |நை |நொ |நோ |நௌ |- !ப் |ப |பா |பி |பீ |பு |பூ |பெ |பே |பை |பொ |போ |பௌ |- !ம் |ம |மா |மி |மீ |மு |மூ |மெ |மே |மை |மொ |மோ |மௌ |- !ய் |ய |யா |யி |யீ |யு |யூ |யெ |யே |யை |யொ |யோ |யௌ |- !ர் |ர |ரா |ரி |ரீ |ரு |ரூ |ரெ |ரே |ரை |ரொ |ரோ |ரௌ |- !ல் |ல |லா |லி |லீ |லு |லூ |லெ |லே |லை |லொ |லோ |லௌ |- !வ் |வ |வா |வி |வீ |வு |வூ |வெ |வே |வை |வொ |வோ |வௌ |- !ழ் |ழ |ழா |ழி |ழீ |ழு |ழூ |ழெ |ழே |ழை |ழொ |ழோ |ழௌ |- !ள் |ள |ளா |ளி |ளீ |ளு |ளூ |ளெ |ளே |ளை |ளொ |ளோ |ளௌ |- !ற் |ற |றா |றி |றீ |று |றூ |றெ |றே |றை |றொ |றோ |றௌ |- !ன் |ன |னா |னி |னீ |னு |னூ |னெ |னே |னை |னொ |னோ |னௌ |} {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center" |+"Grantha compound table" |- !width="46pt"|inyajwi → "Grantha consonants" ↓ !width="40pt"|அ !width="40pt"|ஆ !width="40pt"|இ !width="40pt"|ஈ !width="40pt"|உ !width="40pt"|ஊ !width="40pt"|எ !width="40pt"|ஏ !width="40pt"|ஐ !width="40pt"|ஒ !width="40pt"|ஓ !width="40pt"|ஔ |- !ஶ் |ஶ |ஶா |ஶி |ஶீ |ஶு |ஶூ |ஶெ |ஶே |ஶை |ஶொ |ஶோ |ஶௌ |- !ஜ் |ஜ |ஜா |ஜி |ஜீ |ஜு |ஜூ |ஜெ |ஜே |ஜை |ஜொ |ஜோ |ஜௌ |- !ஷ் |ஷ |ஷா |ஷி |ஷீ |ஷு |ஷூ |ஷெ |ஷே |ஷை |ஷொ |ஷோ |ஷௌ |- !ஸ் |ஸ |ஸா |ஸி |ஸீ |ஸு |ஸூ |ஸெ |ஸே |ஸை |ஸொ |ஸோ |ஸௌ |- !ஹ் |ஹ |ஹா |ஹி |ஹீ |ஹு |ஹூ |ஹெ |ஹே |ஹை |ஹொ |ஹோ |ஹௌ |- !க்ஷ் |க்ஷ |க்ஷா |க்ஷி |க்ஷீ |க்ஷு |க்ஷூ |க்ஷெ |க்ஷே |க்ஷை |க்ஷொ |க்ஷோ |க்ஷௌ |} == Amagambo n’interuro mu gitamili == == Imibare == {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;font-size:200%;" |- style="font-size:50%" ! 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 100 || 1000 |- |- style="font-size:75%" ! ௦ || ௧ || ௨ || ௩ || ௪ || ௫ || ௬ || ௭ || ௮ || ௯ || ௰ || ௱ || ௲ |- |} * '''ஒன்றுı''' (oṉṛu) – rimwe * '''இரண்டு''' (iraṇṭu) – kabiri * '''மூன்று''' (mūṉṛu) – gatatu * '''நான்கு''' (nāṉku) – kane * '''ஐந்து''' (aintu) – gatanu * '''ஆறு''' (āṛu) – gatandatu * '''ஏழு''' (ēḻu) – karindwi * '''எட்டு''' (eṭṭu) – umunani * '''ஒன்பது''' (oṉpatu) – icyenda * '''பத்து''' (pattu) – icumi == Wikipediya mu gitamili == * http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/முதற்_பக்கம் == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikidaravidiyani]] [[Category:Ubuhinde]] [[Category:Singapore]] [[Category:Siri Lanka]] 6409sgo6ztruh372iss1bymzxwpns1a 0 4832 78142 73096 2021-08-22T07:46:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2008-04-01 Nikosia, Cyprus.jpg|thumb|500px|Nikosiya]] [[Dosiye:Arabahmet_Mosque,_Nicosia,_Cyprus_02.jpg|thumb|Tower of Shacolas in Nikosiya]] Umujyi wa '''Nikosiya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Lefkoşa'', izina mu [[kigereki]] : ''Λευκωσία '') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Shipure]] na [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. == Imisigiti == [[Umusigiti wa Selimiye (Shipure)|Umusigiti wa Selimiye]] ni [[umusigiti]] i Nikosiya. [[File:Nicosia_01-2017_img20_View_from_Shacolas_Tower.jpg|thumb|Nicosia 01-2017 img20 View from Shacolas Tower]] [[Category:Shipure]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Imirwa]] ojppqbbok7po0ub3z6yg5t4mwuwot3e 0 4833 20665 2011-01-19T19:13:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitamili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitamili]] 3upuypgh77inh4s1rmpmf0bw67b1m1g 0 4834 20692 2011-01-19T20:21:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] eanolis30gjhms0xmrri5j8pidvk9wc 0 4835 20693 2011-01-19T20:21:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyazeribayijani]] eanolis30gjhms0xmrri5j8pidvk9wc 14 4836 66452 59412 2013-03-11T11:11:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588318]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sw]] 2oazy1uxag1834moby2bf8rgz94rq0u 0 4837 20697 2011-01-19T20:38:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifijiyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifijiyani]] 0zexl6j2i23pv4oovcqlob4nnfmysa9 0 4838 20699 2011-01-19T20:41:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifijiyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifijiyani]] 0zexl6j2i23pv4oovcqlob4nnfmysa9 0 4839 79222 77193 2021-08-31T17:11:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2019-02-02 Queens Rd, Coral Coast, Fiji.jpg|thumb|fiji]] '''Igifijiyani'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> cyangwa '''Igifiji'''<ref>download.jw.org</ref> (izina mu gifijiyani ''Na vosa vaka-Viti'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Fiji]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fij'''. [[Dosiye:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Fiji flag]] == Alfabeti y’igifijiyani == Igifijiyani kigizwe n’inyuguti 23 : '''a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 18 : '''b c d f g j k l m n p q r s t v w y''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|y |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu gifijiyani == * '''Bula''' – Muraho * '''Bula vinaka''' – Murakaza neza * '''Vinaka''' – Murakoze * '''Vaka cava tiko?''' – Amakuru? * '''Vinaka tiko''' – Ni meza * '''O cei na yacamu?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Na yacaqu ko/o yau ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Io''' – Yego * '''Sega''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''dua''' – rimwe * '''rua''' – kabiri * '''tolu''' – gatatu * '''va''' – kane * '''lima''' – gatanu * '''ono''' – gatandatu * '''vitu''' – karindwi * '''walu''' – umunani * '''ciwa''' – icyenda * '''tini''' – icumi * '''tini ka dua''' – cumi na rimwe * '''tini ka rua''' – cumi na kaviri * '''tini ka tolu''' – cumi na gatatu * '''tini ka va''' – cumi na kane * '''tini ka lima''' – cumi na gatanu * '''tini ka ono''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''tini ka vitu''' – cumi na karindwi * '''tini ka walu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''tini ka ciwa''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''ruasagavulu''' cyangwa '''rua saga vulu''' – makumyabiri * '''ruasagavulu ka dua''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''ruasagavulu ka rua''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''ruasagavulu ka tolu''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''ruasagavulu ka va''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''ruasagavulu ka lima''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''ruasagavulu ka ono''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''ruasagavulu ka vitu''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''ruasagavulu ka walu''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''ruasagavulu ka ciwa''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''tolusagavulu''' – mirongo itatu * '''vasagavulu''' – mirongo ine * '''limasagavulu''' – mirongo itanu * '''onosagavulu''' – mirongo itandatu * '''vitusagavulu''' – mirongo irindwi * '''walusagavulu''' – mirongo inani * '''ciwasagavulu''' – mirongo cyenda * '''dua na drau''' – ijana == Wikipediya mu gifijiyani == *http://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabana_levu == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] [[Category:Fiji]] 2q22ust15utblo7a5n12lpk0r5m06qg 14 4840 67567 61471 2013-04-02T19:03:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 35 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8954144]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike]] p4dw2453wisvphocuge1jwi3bfbi789 0 4841 81689 79094 2022-01-31T11:28:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Oromia Region.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] [[Dosiye:Kenya. c 1955.jpg|thumb|kenya citizen]] '''Icyoromo''' (izina mu cyoromo : ''Oromoo'' cyangwa ''Afaan Oromoo'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Etiyopiya]] ([[Oromiya]]), [[Somaliya]] na [[Kenya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''orm'''. [[Dosiye:Bullfighting in Kakamega, Kenya.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|imikino]] == Alfabeti y’icyoromo == Icyoromo kigizwe n’inyuguti 31 : '''a b c ch d dh e f g h i j k l m n ny o p ph q r s sh t u v w x y z''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u ''' :indagi 26 : '''b c ch d dh f g h j k l m n ny p ph q r s sh t v w x y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[CH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[DH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[NY]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[PH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[SH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ch||align="center"|d||align="center"|dh||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ny||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|ph||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|sh||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyoromo == * '''nama''' – umugabo * '''naddheen''' – umugore * '''guyyaa''' – umunsi == Imibare == * '''tokko''' – rimwe * '''lama''' – kabiri * '''sadii''' – gatatu * '''afur''' – kane * '''shan''' – gatanu * '''jaha''' / '''ja’a''' – gatandatu * '''torba''' – karindwi * '''saddeet''' – umunani * '''sagal''' – icyenda * '''kudhan''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyoromo == * http://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuula_Dura [[Category:Indimi z’igikushitika]] [[Category:Etiyopiya]] [[Category:Somaliya]] [[Category:Kenya]] 0er4rbhp9wcnta0crapm2hgjq0nyg6m 0 4842 20725 2011-01-19T22:53:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyoromo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyoromo]] nmzrsfz4bm2lap09d2ueoss585qlnhv 0 4843 20745 2011-01-19T23:33:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyosetiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyosetiya]] iuo07l148ciwv1cmec0lm651b950402 0 4844 20746 2011-01-19T23:34:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyosetiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyosetiya]] iuo07l148ciwv1cmec0lm651b950402 0 4845 76948 71806 2021-08-04T02:38:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkiy]] '''Icyosetiya'''<ref>download.jw.org</ref> cyangwa '''Icyosetiyani'''<ref>translationproject.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> (izina mu cyosetiya : ''иронау'' cyangwa ''ирон ӕвзаг'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru]], [[Osetiya y’Amajyepfo]] na [[Turukiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''oss'''. == Alfabeti y’icyosetiya == <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="49" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Æ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Гу]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Гъ]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Гъу]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Дж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Дз]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ё]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Ж]])||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ку]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Къ]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Къу]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Пъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Тъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ху]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Хъ]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Хъу]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Цъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Чъ]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ш]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Щ]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Ъ]])||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Ь]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Э]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Ю]])||width=3% align="center"|([[Я]]) |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="49" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|ӕ||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|(гу)||align="center"|гъ||align="center"|(гъу)||align="center"|д||align="center"|дж||align="center"|дз||align="center"|е||align="center"|(ё)||align="center"|(ж)||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|(ку)||align="center"|къ||align="center"|(къу)||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|о||align="center"|п||align="center"|пъ||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|тъ||align="center"|у||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|(ху)||align="center"|хъ||align="center"|(хъу)||align="center"|ц||align="center"|цъ||align="center"|ч||align="center"|чъ||align="center"|(ш)||align="center"|(щ)||align="center"|(ъ)||align="center"|ы||align="center"|(ь)||align="center"|(э)||align="center"|(ю)||align="center"|(я) |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyosetiya == == Imibare == * '''иу''' – rimwe * '''дыууӕ''' – kabiri * '''ӕртӕ''' – gatatu * '''цыппар''' – kane * '''фондз''' – gatanu * '''ӕхсӕз''' – gatandatu * '''авд''' – karindwi * '''аст''' – umunani * '''фараст''' – icyenda * '''дӕс''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu cyosetiya == * http://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сæйраг_фарс == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] [[Category:Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Osetiya y’Amajyepfo]] [[Category:Geworugiya]] [[Category:Turukiya]] kbhvm15iss3uqod02fsz65udrhr72js 14 4846 67730 62393 2013-04-13T08:48:42Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 130 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7059874]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rm59wvv9mtdmx07426ct4b9z9hx7bxt 0 4847 66467 57974 2013-03-11T11:11:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 42 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q106955]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ossetia01.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Osetiya</font>]] '''Osetiya''' (izina mu [[cyosetiya]] : ''Ирыстон'' cyangwa ''Иристон'' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. *[[Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru]] *[[Osetiya y’Amajyepfo]] [[Category:Osetiya| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] gdi1zr1ugbaqkyvn18ltpq0nswkvg0r 14 4848 67768 47814 2013-04-13T09:36:53Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8900662]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 4849 67769 64420 2013-04-13T09:37:13Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 42 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5870301]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Osetiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] j2qfnionhu8rb9uk5a7yq2gqdz4jfy2 14 4850 67770 60596 2013-04-13T09:37:45Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8414519]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Osetiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] j2qfnionhu8rb9uk5a7yq2gqdz4jfy2 0 4851 71803 66282 2019-05-18T10:29:50Z Trey314159 7210 fix homoglyphs: convert Latin characters in Республик[æ] to Cyrillic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of South Ossetia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Osetiya y’Amajyepfo</font>]] [[File:South Ossetia overview map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Osetiya y’Amajyepfo</font>]] '''Osetiya y’Amajyepfo''' (izina mu [[cyosetiya]] : ''Хуссар Ирыстон'' cyangwa ''Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон'' ; izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]] : სამხრეთ ოსეთი) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Osetiya y’Amajyepfo witwa [[Tskhinvali]]. [[Category:Osetiya y’Amajyepfo| ]] [[Category:Geworugiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] f65ulyy77ma8g3md7zpwxe27ib922s0 0 4852 71808 66574 2019-05-18T10:30:36Z Trey314159 7210 fix homoglyphs: convert Latin characters in Ц[æ]гат to Cyrillic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of North Ossetia.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[File:Map of Russia - Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (2008-03).svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru</font>]] [[Image:North ossetia alania map.png|thumb|250px|right]] '''Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru''' (izina mu [[cyosetiya]] : ''Цӕгат Ирыстон'' cyangwa ''Республикӕ Цӕгат Ирыстон — Алани'' ; izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Республика Северная Осетия-Алания'') n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Aziya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru witwa [[Vladikavkaz]]. [[Category:Osetiya y’Amajyaruguru| ]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] qf9gc36qf1xdx4xgy4wg9j3c48nmj9j 0 4853 78957 77373 2021-08-30T06:31:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rongorongo Gr4.jpg|thumb|450px|<font color="grey"></font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Chile.svg|thumb|chile]] [[Dosiye:Moai_(Scuplture),_American_University.jpg|thumb|Ikirapanuyi]] '''Ikirapanuyi''' (izina mu kirapanuyi : ''vananga rapa nui'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Shili]] (i [[Rapanuyi]]). Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''rap'''. == Amagambo n’interuro mu kirapanuyi == * ''''Iorana!''' – Muraho * '''Pehe koe?''' (''sg'') / '''Pehe korua?''' (''pl'') – Amakuru? * '''Riva-riva!''' – Ni meza * '''Ko ai tou ingoa?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Na yacaqu ko/o yau ... ''' – Nitwa ... * ''''Iorana''' (gishaje: '''Ko mao a''' ) – Mwirirwe ''cyangwa'' Muramuke * '''O te aha no''' – Murakaza neza * '''Maururu''' – Murakoze * '''Ee''' – Yego * '''Ina''' – Oya * '''ika''' ifi * '''hoi''' ifarashi * '''maika''' umuneke * '''mamari''' igi * '''kiko''' inyama * '''vi'er''' umugore – abagore * '''tāne''' umugabo – abagabo * '''poki''' umwana – abwana == Imibare == * '''tahi''' – rimwe * '''rua''' – kabiri * '''toru''' – gatatu * '''ha:''' – kane * '''rima''' – gatanu * '''ono''' – gatandatu * '''hitu''' – karindwi * '''vaʔu''' – umunani * '''iva''' – icyenda * '''ʔaŋahuru / tahi te kauatu ''' – icumi * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma hoʔe''' – cumi na rimwe * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma piti''' – cumi na kaviri * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma toru''' – cumi na gatatu * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma maha''' – cumi na kane * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma pae''' – cumi na gatanu * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma ono''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma hitu''' – cumi na karindwi * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma vaʔu''' – cumi n’umunani * '''hoʔe ʔahuru ma iva''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''piti ʔahuru / rua te kauatu''' – makumyabiri * '''piti ʔahuru ma hoʔe''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''piti ʔahuru ma piti''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''piti ʔahuru ma toru''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''piti ʔahuru ma maha''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''piti ʔahuru ma pae''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''piti ʔahuru ma ono''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''piti ʔahuru ma hitu''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''piti ʔahuru ma vaʔu''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''piti ʔahuru ma iva''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''toru ʔahuru / toru te kauatu ''' – mirongo itatu * '''maha ʔahuru / haː te kauatu ''' – mirongo ine * '''pae ʔahuru / rima te kauatu ''' – mirongo itanu * '''ono ʔahuru / ono te kauatu ''' – mirongo itandatu * '''hitu ʔahuru / hitu te kauatu ''' – mirongo irindwi * '''vaʔu ʔahuru /vaʔu te kauatu ''' – mirongo inani * '''iva ʔahuru / iva te kauatu ''' – mirongo cyenda * '''hoʔe hanere * / tahi te rau ''' – ijana * '''hoʔe taʔutini * / tahi te piere''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu gifijiyani == * http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/rap/Pa'ega_pu'oko [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] [[Category:Shili]] l4lodnzvqwyqr038mgceclg4f1rec7v 14 4854 67774 54330 2013-04-13T09:44:25Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 165 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5610127]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 0 4855 20811 2011-01-20T10:12:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikirapanuyi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikirapanuyi]] dot8fkmd8aw1jcui77cerympw38a5jv 0 4856 69755 69161 2015-04-02T17:29:48Z Magioladitis 1108 All info is kept in Wikidata, removed: {{Link FA|ru}} using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (10896) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Rapa Nui, Chile.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Rapanuyi</font>]] [[File:Easter island and south america.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Rapanuyi</font>]] [[File:Easter Island map-en.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Rapanuyi</font>]] [[File:Moai Rano raraku.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] Ikirwa cya '''Rapanuyi''' (izina mu [[kirapanuyi]] : Rapa Nui ; izina mu [[cyesipanyole]] : ''Isla de Pascua'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] i [[Shili]] muri [[Amerika]]. [[File:Standing Moai at Ahu Tongariki, Easter Island, Pacific Ocean.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Rapanuyi]] {{commons|Easter Island}} [[Category:Shili| ]] 3t7b9myi7lngkd6hd7vbenmkdreh0ws 0 4857 20817 2011-01-20T10:57:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivenda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivenda]] 3xc7g645t3w1nifawkfza7adwws3drl 0 4858 66550 59782 2013-03-11T11:13:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 41 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q32704]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:South Africa 2001 Venda speakers proportion map.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’ikivenda</font>]] '''Ikivenda''' (izina mu kivenda : ''TshiVenḓa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rw’[[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ven'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikivenda == Ilingala kigizwe n’inyuguti 28 : '''a b d ḓ e f g h i k l ḽ m n ṋ ṅ o p r s t ṱ u v w x y z''' :inyajwi 7 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 28 : '''b d ḓ f g h k l ḽ m n ṋ ṅ p r s t ṱ v w x y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="28" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|([[C]])||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ḓ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|([[J]])||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ḽ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ṋ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ṅ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|([[Q]])||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ṱ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="28" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|(c)||align="center"|d||align="center"|ḓ||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|(j)||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|ḽ||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ṋ||align="center"|ṅ||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|(q)||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|ṱ||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Amagambo n'interuro mu ikivenda == * '''Ndaa / Aa''' – Muraho * '''Vho vuwa hani?''' – Amakuru * '''Nne ndo takala vhukuma''' – Meze neza, Murakoze * '''Kha vha sale''' – Mwirirwe cyangwa Muramuke == Imibare == * '''thihi''' – rimwe * '''mbili''' – kabiri * '''raru''' – gatatu * '''ina''' – kane * '''ṱhanu''' – gatanu * '''ṱhanu na nthihi''' – gatandatu * '''ṱhanu na mbili''' – karindwi * '''malo''' – umunani * '''ṱahe''' – icyenda * '''fumi''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kivenda == * http://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayani [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Zimbabwe]] kfobwcobwtc4gzvctunmd2c9az1el2w 0 4859 20832 2011-01-20T11:58:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiherero]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiherero]] hnnx3654zz1lv56lesgeurbf0y2v36l 0 4860 79227 78963 2021-08-31T17:39:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WIKITONGUES- Pamela speaking Herero.webm|thumb|Igiherero]] [[Dosiye:Duna en Sossusvlei, Namibia, 2018-08-06, DD 002.jpg|thumb|namibiya]] [[Dosiye:Ireland Zimbabwe Locator (cropped).png|thumb|ikarita ya zimbazwe]] [[Dosiye:Distribution_of_Otjiherero_in_Namibia.png|thumb|Ikwirakwizwa rya Otjiherero muri Namibiya]] '''Igiherero''' (izina mu giherero : ''Otjiherero'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Namibiya]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''her'''. [[Dosiye:Desert - Namibia.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|desert]] == Amagambo n'interuro mu Giherero == * '''Hallou''' – Muraho * '''Peri vi?''' – Amakuru * '''Mbi ri nawa''' – Meze neza * '''Moro''' – Mwaramutse * '''Rara nawa''' – Ijoro ryiza == Wikipediya mu giherero == * http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/hz/Main_Page [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Namibiya]] [[Category:Botswana]] 02a3sf3my38debnp79mtmxo69l1r6pz 14 4861 66317 62707 2013-03-11T11:07:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 117 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4367074]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4862 77301 70430 2021-08-09T20:11:35Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gbe languages.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Igifoni (umuhengeri)</font>]] '''Igifoni''' (izina mu gifoni : ''Fɔngbè'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Bene]] na [[Nijeriya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fon'''. == Alfabeti y’igifoni == Igifoni kigizwe n’inyuguti 31 : '''a b c d ɖ e ɛ f g gb h i j k kp l m n ny o ɔ p r s t u v w x y z''' :inyajwi 7 : '''a e ɛ i o ɔ u''' :indagi 24 : '''b c d ɖ f g gb h j k kp l m n ny p r s t v w x y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɖ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɛ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[GB]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[NY]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ɔ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="31" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|ɖ||align="center"|e||align="center"|ɛ||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|gb||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ny||align="center"|o||align="center"|ɔ||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Iminsi y’imibyizi == * '''Tɛníigbè''' – Ku wa mbere * '''Taátagbè / gǔzangbè''' – Ku wa kabiri * '''Azǎngagbè''' – Ku wa gatatu * '''Nyɔnuzangbè''' – Ku wa kane * '''Axɔsuzangbè / mɛxogbè''' – Ku wa gatanu * '''Síbígbè''' – Ku wa gatandatu * '''Aklunɔzangbè / vodungbè''' – Ku cyumweru == Amezi== [[File:Fon Kwabo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kwabɔ = Murakaza neza</font>]] * '''Alǔunsun''' – Mutarama * '''Zofinkplɔsun''' – Gashyantare * '''Xwéjisun''' – Werurwe * '''Lidósun''' – Mata * '''Nuxwasun''' – Gicurasi * '''Ayidosun''' – Kamena * '''Liyasun''' – Nyakanga * '''Avuvɔsun''' – Kanama * '''Zǒsun''' – Nzeri * '''Kɔnyasun''' – Ukwakira * '''Abɔxwísun''' – Ugushyingo * '''Wǒosun''' – Ukuboza == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20110119053221/http://www.jolome.com/dagbo/fon/grammaire/ *http://www-creadbenin.asso-web.com/index.php?m=2&a=2009 [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyanigeri-kongo]] [[Category:Bene]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] b5loii82yl1b0hnuimixdaf24dyuppc 0 4863 79151 66315 2021-08-31T09:09:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sawney beane.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo</font>]] [[Dosiye:GordonF.CumminsBlackout_Ripper.jpg|thumb|Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo]] '''Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo''' (ubuke '''Abicanyi ba r.''') == Abicanyi ba ruhongohongo 10 batazibagirana ku isi == # [[Pedro Alonso López]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 300+ # [[Henry Lee Lucas]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 213 # [[Bruno Lüdke]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 85 # [[Andrei Chikatilo]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 53 # [[Gerald Stano]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 41 # [[Moses Sithole]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 38, gufata ku ngufu:40. # [[Gary Ridgeway]] &ndash; yahamwe no kuba yarishe: 48, akekwa kuba yarishe 90 # [[John Wayne Gacy]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 33 # [[Dean Corll]] &ndash; umubare w'abo yishe: 27 # [[Wayne Williams]] &ndash; ummubare w'abo yishe: 2-31 == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.igihe.com/news-7-38-8097.html Abicanyi ba ruhongohongo (serial killers) 10 batazibagirana ku isi] [[Category:Abicanyi ba ruhongohongo| ]] ouc2ggz0f3sget8hb18da12481s11rs 14 4864 67538 54966 2013-04-02T19:02:07Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7216584]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abicanyi]] 3dpiamnab88y5xe6j03odhkjfbyn4en 14 4865 66318 62924 2013-03-11T11:07:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6307162]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 14 4878 67294 62685 2013-03-14T05:55:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7061714]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] [[Category:Afurika y’Epfo]] 63tuj4slln5m6htpff7llwmaqb8i1cx 0 4883 20921 2011-01-20T18:47:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] ov3y6cl1i80qjlpbb74u9s6mffoi62v 14 4896 67576 21080 2013-04-02T19:04:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8693697]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] q9l3kcv4dukrbwb28vbqm9373q9p07o 14 4897 67310 63141 2013-03-14T05:56:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 32 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6954001]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Amateka]] oxjdn6076297t38r9jkizytga4ambqj 0 4898 21121 2011-01-21T11:36:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya]] m0sve5vwls9psj325qxez3i6eilexxc 14 4899 66495 58604 2013-03-11T11:12:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 115 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5461062]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] dvlg7dotsmj16vyy0c6og2wm0yz1eam 0 4900 77608 66251 2021-08-14T13:59:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{disambig}} # [[Dosiye:Christmas_Bible1.jpg|thumb|Abagalatiya n'igitabo kinini cy'ibyanditswe byera kiboneka muri Bibiliya yera ikoreshwa n'abakirisitu.]]→ '''[[Abagalatiya (Ubwoko)|Abagalatiya]]''' cyangwa '''Abagaratiya''' (Ubwoko muri Galatiya) # → '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya|Abagalatiya]]''' cyangwa '''Abagaratiya''' (Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya) 7jt31ktycj6vblvxajy70bwl9u741k4 0 4901 21128 2011-01-21T11:47:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abagalatiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abagalatiya]] dqvs75qynflb6ody76imvjjga9feejt 0 4902 74027 68676 2020-12-05T02:42:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:File"-Saint_Paul_Writing_His_Epistles"_by_Valentin_de_Boulogne.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Mutagatifu Pawulo na Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya</span>]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya''' cyangwa '''Abagalatiya''' (na '''Abagaratiya''') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] o90pepi16ximptzdx13m77kmhmdiwjy 0 4903 21132 2011-01-21T11:59:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mutagatifu Pawulo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutagatifu Pawulo]] 5jmyegw6hi6gp9f5v7kodem1hwgsmlk 0 4904 77632 73521 2021-08-14T16:44:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint Paul Ananias Sight Restored.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mutagatifu Pawulo</font>]] == '''Mutagatifu Pawulo''' cyangwa '''Mut. Pawulo''' (5 – 67) == Mutagatifu Pawulo uzwi cyane na none ku izina ry'ikiyahudi "Saul of Tarsus"( kinyarwanda:Sawuli w'i Tarisisi) yari Intumwa/Umwigishwa(Nubwo atari muri 12 Zigishaga ubutumwa bwiza bwa Kiristo mu kinyejana cya mbere), Afatwa nk'umuntu ukomeye wabayeho mu gihe k'Intumwa/Abigishwa. Mu myaka ya za-30 kugera muri za-50 Nyuma Y'urupfu Rwa Kiristo, Yashinze insengero nyinshi muri Aziya n'Uburayi. Yifashishije ko yari afite ubwenegihugu bw'Abayahudi n'Abaromani, Byatumye yoroherwa no kugeza ubutumwa kub'Abayahudi n'Abaromani icyarimwe. Isezerano Rishya muri Bibiliya, Rigaragaza ko mbere yuko Mutagatifu Pawulo ahinduka akaba Umukiristu, yari afite Inshingano yo guhiga bukware abari Abigishwa ba Yesu mu gace ka Yelusalemu. == Amasomo: Ihinduka rya Mutagatifu Pawulo Intumwa == [[Category:Abagatifu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] === Isomo ra 1: Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 22,3-16 === <ref>https://yezu-akuzwe.org/inyigisho/amasomo-ihinduka-rya-mutagatifu-pawulo-intumwa/</ref> [[Dosiye:Saint_Paul_MET_SLP1486-1.jpg|thumb|Ishusho y'urwibuto y'Umutagatifu Pawulo ]] Arakomeza ati «Ndi Umuyahudi, navukiye i Tarisi ho muri Silisiya, ariko narerewe muri uyu mugi; nigishwa na Gamaliyeli, antoza kwita byuzuye ku Mategeko y’abasekuruza. Imana nyirwanira ishyaka nk’uko namwe murirwana uyu munsi. Natoteje abantu bakurikiraga iyi Nzira kugeza ubwo mbica, mboha abagabo n’abagore mbashyira mu buroko. Umuherezabitambo mukuru hamwe n’abakuru b’umuryango ni bo ntanzeho abagabo, bo bampaye inzandiko nshyikiriza abavandimwe bacu b’i Damasi, ubwo najyagayo, ntumwe kuboha abariyo no kubazana i Yeruzalemu kugira ngo bahanwe. Nuko igihe nkiri mu nzira negereje kugera i Damasi, ako kanya amanywa ava, urumuri ruturutse mu ijuru rurangota. Nikubita hasi, maze numva ijwi rimbwira riti ‘Sawuli, Sawuli! Urantotereza iki?’ Ndasubiza nti ‘Uri nde, Nyagasani?’ Iryo jwi rirongera riti ’Ndi Yezu w’i Nazareti, uwo uriho utoteza.’ Bagenzi banjye twari kumwe babonye urumuri, ariko ntibumve ijwi ry’uwo tuvugana. Ni ko kubaza nti ‘Nkore iki se, Nyagasani?’ Nyagasani aransubiza ati ’Haguruka ujye i Damasi, ni ho bazakubwira ibyo wagenewe gukora byose.’ Ariko kubera ko icyezezi cy’urwo rumuri cyari cyampumye amaso, abo twari kumwe bagombye kundandata, ngera i Damasi. Aho i Damasi hakaba umuntu witwa Ananiya, yari umuntu wubaha Imana, agakurikiza Amategeko kandi agashimwa n’Abayahudi bose bari bahatuye. Aza kundeba maze arambwira ati «Sawuli, muvandimwe, humuka.’ Ako kanya ndahumuka, maze ndamureba. Nuko arambwira ati ’Imana y’abasekuruza bacu yakugeneye kumenya icyo ishaka, kubona Intungane no kumva ijwi ryayo bwite. Ugomba rero kuyibera umugabo mu bantu bose, ubamenyesha ibyo wabonye n’ibyo wumvise. None se kandi utegereje iki? Haguruka wambaze Nyagasani, ubatizwe kandi uhanagurweho ibyaha byawe.’ === Zaburi ya 116(117), 1-2 Alleluya! === Mahanga mwese, nimusingize Uhoraho, miryango mwese, mumwamamaze; kuko urukundo adukunda rutagira urugero, n’ubudahemuka bwe bugahoraho iteka! Ivanjili ya Mutagatifu Mariko 16,15-18 Ni bwo ababwiye ati «Nimujye mu isi hose, mwamamaze Inkuru Nziza mu biremwa byose. Uzemera akabatizwa azakira; utazemera azacibwa. Dore kandi n’ibimenyetso bizaranga abazaba bemeye: mu izina ryanjye bazirukana roho mbi, bazavuga indimi nshya, bazafata inzoka; nibagira kandi icyo banywa cyica, nta cyo kizabatwara; bazaramburira ibiganza ku barwayi bakire.» == Ishakiro == cffk2lw2f0r8j647kspzl9wh31x1bcu 0 4905 81696 79099 2022-01-31T11:29:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Damsacus infobox.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Damasiko</span>|link=Special:FilePath/Damsacus_infobox.jpg]] '''Damasiko''' cyangwa '''Damasi''' ([[icyarabu]]: '''دِمَشْقُ''') ni [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Siriya]]. [[Dosiye:2019-03-15 01 Live fish carrier, RONIA ATLANTIC - IMO 9451563.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[File:Gate_of_the_Great_Mosque,_Damascus.jpg|thumb|Gate of the Great Mosque, Damascus]] [[Category:Siriya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] p8z4r95dwrtbtqmqvos9zqr24ea4bqm 0 4906 78048 78047 2021-08-20T03:26:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:جامع بني أمية الكبير في دمشق.jpg|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tekkiye</font>]] [[Dosiye:جامع بني أمية الكبير.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Tekkiye]] '''Umusigiti wa Tekkiye''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع بني أمية الكبير'''; izina mu [[giturukiya]]: ''Tekkiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Damasiko]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] 02mbf9024rfjrhhflo4mjk3y7esz0l3 0 4907 77784 69330 2021-08-17T03:03:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NabiHabeel01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nabi Habeel </font>]] [[Dosiye:NabiHabeel02.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Nabi Habeel''']] '''Umusigiti wa Nabi Habeel ''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد النبي هابيل‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Damasiko]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] ay2zbc6jj8pj722e7pwqmnuspwmx7xp 0 4908 77876 69475 2021-08-18T03:25:32Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sayyidah Ruqayya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Map Damascus 1958 1-10000 changed Old City.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Sayyidah Ruqayya]] '''Umusigiti wa Sayyidah Ruqayya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد السيدة رقية‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Damasiko]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] l39b14f4ku9k0l252dkmsj5u8catm42 0 4909 77878 77877 2021-08-18T03:27:20Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sit Zaynab.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sayyidah Zaynab</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد السيدة زينب.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Sayyidah Zaynab]] [[Dosiye:مئذنة مسجد السيدة زينب.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Sayyidah Zaynab]] '''Umusigiti wa Sayyidah Zaynab''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد السيدة زينب‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Damasiko]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] 5a1ajuf8sir7v2xowjgmvc9g71y661t 0 4910 77672 69374 2021-08-15T05:53:06Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khusruwiyah Mosque, Aleppo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khusruwiyah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Khusruwiyah Mosque, Aleppo (1).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Khusruwiyah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Khusruwiyah''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع الخسروية‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alepo]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] lx6fjeigtyhe640eujw0lk5h65e9xd4 0 4911 77412 69205 2021-08-10T02:41:09Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AleppoGreatMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Alepo</font>]] [[Dosiye:The great Umayyad mosque in Aleppo at night.JPG|thumb|umusigiti mukuru muri alepo igihe cya nijoro]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Alepo''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع حلب الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alepo]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] 4w464memm7zshargje1updmyrbqzyjq 0 4912 71377 66364 2018-02-16T07:37:33Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Update from Wikipedia (en) + added image wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aleppo new mix.jpg|thumb|290px|Alepo]] Umujyi wa '''Alepo''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''حلب‎''' ) n’umujyi wa [[Siriya]]. Abaturage 1,800,000 (2017). [[Category:Siriya]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Siriya]] tmecx3wz8f18c9769cfbisdxubm927e 0 4913 69599 66293 2015-03-04T11:56:04Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-NuqtahMosque-MainHall.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Nuqtah</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Nuqtah''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد النقطة‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alepo]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] jd8izimvgneo5qs3a4si1greuyfjrqq 0 4914 77669 69359 2021-08-15T04:04:33Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khaled Ebn El-Walid Mosque3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khalid Ibn Al-Walid </font>]] [[Dosiye:Homs Khalid Ibn al-Walid Mosque 3073.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Khalid Ibn Al-Walid''']] '''Umusigiti wa Khalid Ibn Al-Walid''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد خالد ابن الوليد‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Homs]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] 0ynd6w9me1qj0rlx05lkv9w9oajznvb 0 4915 77788 69324 2021-08-17T03:11:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hama-AlNouri minaret.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nur ad-Din</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nur al-Din Mosque, Hama 01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Nur ad-Din''']] '''Umusigiti wa Nur ad-Din''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع نور الدين''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hama]] muri [[Siriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siriya]] 7yfqau997wec7f6a780o4cc4e7rxkjz 0 4916 81809 79291 2022-01-31T11:47:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hama.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Hama</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Hama''' (izina mu cyarabu : '''حماة‎''' ) n’umujyi wa [[Siriya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Syria.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Syria]] [[Category:Siriya]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Siriya]] mkchc08mvzal2j4tl2ye31oaskcrvsw 14 4917 66289 62691 2013-03-11T11:07:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 148 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q11317]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4918 77530 69297 2021-08-12T03:40:39Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mangalia Mosque1020578.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Esmahan Sultan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moscheia-Esmahan-Sultan.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Esmahan Sultan'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Esmahan Sultan''' (izina mu [[kinyarumaniya]]: ''Moscheea Esmahan Sultan''; izina mu [[giturukiya]]: ''Esmahan Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mangalia]] muri [[Romaniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Romaniya]] ayuc72qfm5eoguwds7cr1a3hvsq0xy0 0 4919 69404 66286 2015-03-04T08:56:33Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahmudija 124.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mahmudiya </font>]] [[File:Mahmudija167.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mahmudiya </font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Mahmudiya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع المحمودية‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yafa]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] 40s83g00x3kzzfb52h6bvrfydb4wblr 0 4920 78296 78140 2021-08-24T01:15:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yafo (Jaffa) hill.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto ya Yafa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Upper_Yafa.svg|thumb|Flag of Yafa]] '''Yafa''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : '''יָפוֹ‎‎''' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''يَافَا‎''' ) n’umujyi wa [[Isirayeli]] [[Dosiye:New-Dark Evangelist 1876-06-22- Vol 47 Iss 25 (IA sim evangelist-and-religious-review 1876-06-22 47 25).pdf|center|thumb|444x444px]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Isirayeli]] [[de:Tel Aviv-Jaffa#Geschichte Jaffas]] sni2cezd6jr313z5cbhnbw8gb7md4kg 0 4921 21166 2011-01-21T13:38:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Galatiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Galatiya]] q260ml65oz4xmp0cb7g63fvmmv7jlo4 0 4922 81432 79204 2022-01-31T10:48:39Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Galatia (Imperium Romanum).png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Galatiya (''umuhondo'') mu Ubwami bwa Roma </span>]] [[File:Dying gaul.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugalatiya</span>]] Intara ya '''Galatiya''' ni ibihugu muri [[Aziya ntoya]] muri [[Turukiya]]. '''Abagalatiya''' ni [[abaselitiki]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] == Kandi == → [[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya]] the galatiya family was originally from malawi ,africa now currently part of the zambian community [[Ikiciro:Amateka ya Turukiya]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]] hz5kpkr8y55vsc9f70q7xjn1ntebje1 14 4923 66469 62683 2013-03-11T11:11:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 72 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4419]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amateka]] [[Category:Turukiya]] kb091562ct14jx06hsumr3pi4p8699x 14 4924 67592 63972 2013-04-02T19:04:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481517]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Afuganisitani]] kjvgl7zp6vzlgyb7kq5h3z6kg1jbifi 14 4925 68078 67978 2013-05-31T23:32:29Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[ar:تصنيف:مساجد في ألبانيا]] (strong connection between (2) [[rw:Category:Imisigiti y’Alubaniya]] and [[ar:تصنيف:مساجد ألبانيا]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Alubaniya]] 0gynca1szg6cu5pxujoogpu0z60zsnf 14 4926 67568 58531 2013-04-02T19:03:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028187]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Aligeriya]] m47xed91cgc10x7o30w7lyj35kh5kb3 14 4927 67304 59042 2013-03-14T05:56:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 132 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7008726]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 4928 72659 72657 2020-07-28T11:07:01Z Deborahjay 6702 Undo revision 72657 by [[Special:Contributions/176.15.146.115|176.15.146.115]] ([[User talk:176.15.146.115|talk]]) repeated undo deleted content by IP user - will ask for block on next instance wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yerevan Mount Ararat.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yerevan muri Arumeniya na Imisozi ya Ararati muri Turukiya</font>]] [[File:Hrazdanatproshian.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yerevan</font>]] '''Yerevan''' (izina mu [[cyarumeniya]]: ''Երևան'', izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]]: ''İrəvan'', izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Ереван'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Arumeniya]]. <br><gallery> Yerevan-Kanaldeckel-02-2019-gje.jpg|Manhole cover Yerevan Yerevan-Republic Square-06-Museum-2019-gje.jpg|Republic Square Yerevan-Cascade-08-2019-gje.jpg|Cascade Yerevan-2800th anniversary park-12-2019-gje.jpg|2800th anniversary park Yerevan-Matenadaran-02-2019-gje.jpg|Matenadaran Yerevan-Cathedral-24-innen-2019-gje.jpg|Cathedral Yerevan-Tsitsernakaberd-28-2019-gje.jpg|Tsitsernakaberd </gallery> [[Category:Arumeniya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 3j135sa0inboy5ro8g4jg9jarwlvp6p 0 4929 76663 69576 2021-07-30T20:45:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bluemosqueyerev.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ubururu </font>]] [[File:Blue Mosque Yerevan Dome.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ubururu </font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Ubururu ''' (izina mu [[cyarumeniya]]: ''Կապույտ Մզկիթ'' cyangwa ''Գյոյ Մզկիթ'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yerevan]] muri [[Arumeniya]]. [[Dosiye:Blue_Mosque,_Yerevan_in_2019_38.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ubururu </font>]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arumeniya]] fi12h0m2harwpfko3vjc7cgolz9h046 14 4930 67697 63969 2013-04-10T18:58:30Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9621581]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Arumeniya]] c6ri9odkd12gk1fgplcc5a7ua210z02 14 4931 67557 63978 2013-04-02T19:03:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481519]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ositaraliya]] nrkj9fzmkcen2jutv70lms04rqxw232 0 4932 82825 81583 2022-05-04T03:20:02Z Sortilegus 7065 map update (2021 map) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baku City in Azerbaijan 2021.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Baku</span>]] '''Baku''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]] : ''Bakı'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Azeribayijani]]. [[Dosiye:Narimanov,_Baku_(P1090195).jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Baku ]] [[File:BBMM,_Baku_(P1090265).jpg|thumb|BBMM, Baku (P1090265)]] [[Category:Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] hsroxg0gde27avvfkylytiifr344695 0 4933 77434 77433 2021-08-10T03:05:09Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2002-610.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Agdam</font>]] [[Dosiye:Agdam Mosque2018-12.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Agdam]] [[Dosiye:Agdam Mosque2018-9.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa agdam muri 2018]] '''Umusigiti wa Agdam''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]]: ''Ağdam məscidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Agdam]] muri [[Azeribayijani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Azeribayijani]] 9dhyt6leo3n92175h843fa2u0re5cs4 14 4934 69073 68277 2014-12-03T19:47:18Z 31.200.12.109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Mosques in Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Iyobokamana y’Azeribayijani]] 4nfjfy37lg46it4lmc6ynluk8n4dw0c 0 4935 69328 66447 2015-03-04T07:57:37Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kusary Moscue.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mustafa Kazdal</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Mustafa Kazdal''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]]: ''Mustafa Kazdal məscidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qusar]] muri [[Azeribayijani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Azeribayijani]] oi1c4r3s7vggcw3fjmbyjsxq7yzp7ob 0 4936 21208 2011-01-21T15:18:17Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Mustafa Qazdal]] to [[Umusigiti wa Mustafa Kazdal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Mustafa Kazdal]] dx3yotw2cx2r213obxf0g20gz2jkick 0 4937 78171 70223 2021-08-23T02:22:03Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque of Shusha.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govhar aga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque before occupation.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Yukhari Govharaga''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govharaga''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]]: ''Yuxarı Gövhərağa məscidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shusha]] muri [[Azeribayijani]]. *[[Umusigiti wa Ashaghi Govhar aga]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Shusha]] oc2z0czho4havtml8e1r14pi6ytx831 14 4938 67559 63981 2013-04-02T19:03:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481512]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Bahirayini]] ghchex57hdgj4214ujhd9ok7a5ml466 14 4939 67560 32922 2013-04-02T19:03:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481509]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Bangaladeshi]] cfbx3z33e17zfb5js0dwi53igr168ml 0 4940 78601 69407 2021-08-25T11:33:25Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Momin Mosque after restoration.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Momin</font>]] [[File:Inner Woodwork 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Momin</font>]] [[Dosiye:MoscheeMünster.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Momin]] '''Umusigiti wa Momin''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pirojpur]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] 44crysvwm8wvj39lb7t72rmxah29v6j 0 4941 78596 77491 2021-08-25T11:17:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Binot Bibi mosque in Old Dhaka.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Binat Bibi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Two domed Binat Bibi mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Binat Bibi''']] '''Umusigiti wa Binat Bibi''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''বিনত বিবির মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Dosiye:বিনত_বিবি_মসজিদ_04.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Binat Bibi]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] id519zw8wfnv87abtrcd5tlkom6198t 0 4942 78598 77515 2021-08-25T11:24:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chawk Masjid - Chawk Bazaar - Lalbagh - Murshidabad 2017-03-28 5920.JPG|thumb|250x250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Chawk</font>]] [[Dosiye:ChawkMosqueMurshidabad.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Chawk''' ]] [[Dosiye:Chawk_Masjid_-_Murshidabad_-_West_Bengal_-_DSC0006.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Chawk]] '''Umusigiti wa Chawk''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] cel4zohsbwq2wyp7xj29i2mi8qwxhkp 0 4943 78599 69232 2021-08-25T11:26:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kakrail Mosque, Dhaka.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kakrail</font>]] [[Dosiye:Kakrail_Bir_Uttam_Samsul_Alam_Road,_Dhaka_.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Kakrail]] '''Umusigiti wa Kakrail''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''কাকরাইল মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] j67nmn6t4ha2hblnb08addqmmofwb6q 0 4944 77050 69352 2021-08-05T08:53:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:জাতীয় কওমী মাদরাসা শিক্ষাবোর্ড বাংলাদেশ.jpg|thumb|'''কাটাবন মসজিদ''']] '''Umusigiti wa Katabon''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''কাটাবন মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] 9jueclcq4gvbk23vahrpsnu3kep0itz 0 4945 78600 69360 2021-08-25T11:30:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khan Mohammad Mirdhas Mosque by Ragib Hasan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khan Mohammad Mridha</font>]] [[File:Khan Mohammad Mirdhas Mosque Dome by Ragib Hasan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khan Mohammad Mridha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Khan Mohammad Mridha ''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''খান মহম্মদ মির্ধার মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Dosiye:Khan_Mohammad_Mridha_Mosque_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Khan Mohammad Mridha]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] r5fgokp21l3vos4m386k4a83aszaydp 0 4946 78603 69580 2021-08-25T11:45:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tara-masjid.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ibango</font>]] [[File:Star mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Ibango</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Ibango''' (izina mu [[kibengali]]: '''তারা মসজিদ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dhaka]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]]. [[Dosiye:তারা_মসজিদ_১২.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti w’Ibango]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Bangaladeshi]] egei3qwjazdlixgwpg0tubpnwerxgzl 0 4947 81631 78977 2022-01-31T11:19:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TE-Collage Brussels.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Buruseli</span>]] '''Buruseli''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]] : ''Brussel'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Bruxelles'' ; izina mu [[kiwaluni]] : ''Brussele'' ; izina mu [[gidage]] : ''Brüssel'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Ububiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Belgium flag]] [[File:Bruxelles_-_Brussel_-_Metro_-_Clemenceau_(13155398053).jpg|thumb|Bruxelles - Brussel - Metro - Clemenceau (13155398053)]] [[File:Garden_of_Kunstberg_viewed_from_Mont_des_Arts_during_nautical_twilight_(DSCF1028).jpg|thumb|Garden of Kunstberg viewed from Mont des Arts during nautical twilight (DSCF1028)]] [[Category:Imirwa]] [[Category:Ububiligi]] k3j9lqmjyrfxhvtsh3jep5j4ptpijuw 14 4948 66533 64385 2013-03-11T11:13:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 147 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4366768]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 4949 78552 78198 2021-08-25T03:38:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bruxelles (Cinquantenaire) la grande Mosquée.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’i Buruseli</font>]] [[Dosiye:Brussel 051 Jubelpark.JPG|thumb|umusigiti w'i ''Bruxelles'']] '''Umusigiti w’i Buruseli''' izina mu [[kinyaholande]]: ''Grote Moskee van Brussel''; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande mosquée de Bruxelles''; izina mu [[kiwaluni]]: ''?''; izina mu [[gidage]]: ''Große Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Buruseli]] mu [[Bubiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Brussel_052_Jubelpark.JPG|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’i Buruseli</font>]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bubiligi]] 2himiajqrni6vtvqik5rooglwml7bso 14 4950 67520 63998 2013-04-02T19:01:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481510]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ububiligi]] q8176czz5k0lnqbwolk1cj5urqao0jt 14 4951 67521 58127 2013-04-02T19:01:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028225]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] fq4ccrs056f59bci6391mj2emgbj6m2 14 4952 67519 21250 2013-04-02T19:01:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642036]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Buruneyi]] np8pzui1oab900s2ks3ht63f9uejwl7 14 4953 66252 62650 2013-03-11T11:06:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 143 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8241]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 4954 67523 63625 2013-04-02T19:01:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028230]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Bulugariya]] hdq81tnnp0yhbj6ag3uj28m89aq9cra 14 4955 67524 63948 2013-04-02T19:01:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481497]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Kameruni]] 24sd4nnsniqiz2969zj81btw7tl5taf 14 4956 67522 63971 2013-04-02T19:01:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481495]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Kanada]] tr9nlsai7n7yfbp5i20afy7h3dzwpw3 0 4957 69609 66253 2015-03-04T11:58:23Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Rashid Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Rashid</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Rashid''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Al-Rashid Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Alberta]] muri [[Kanada]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kanada]] 5ycy20id7v7un8s8b9505dvoa4bczjq 0 4958 78559 77757 2021-08-25T07:02:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MasjidAnNoorNL.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid-an-Noor</font>]] [[Dosiye:Triolet, Masjid-E-Noor.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Masjid-an-Noor'']] [[Dosiye:Serusup_Sabah_Masjid-Haji-Noor-01.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Masjid-an-Noor]] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid-an-Noor''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Masjid-an-Noor'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Newfoundland]] muri [[Kanada]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Kanada]] bhvx9eu9r1xeedm67szlj1nniuqwela 0 4959 21280 2011-01-21T17:11:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubushinwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubushinwa]] 74rgiqq620udiqcu2twulnqu63k8eja 14 4960 67312 61688 2013-03-14T05:56:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 18 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7144605]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubushinwa]] f7nq9g5yzsfvq6guj9ngjqqaca26mk2 0 4961 69219 66508 2015-03-04T06:06:46Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Huaisheng Mosque Dec 2007.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Huaisheng</font>]] [[File:Huaisheng Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Huaisheng</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Huaisheng''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''怀圣寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Guangzhou]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] kem1dt8ofonqmq6fk7ws2bwviffiolp 0 4962 77659 69234 2021-08-14T19:40:47Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The South Mosque of Jinan 2009-03.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jinan</font>]] [[Dosiye:China Jinan Panorama-20150520-RM-105038.jpg|thumb|ifoto yagace ka '''Jinan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Jinan''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''濟南清真南大寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jinan]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] 8njtdqzcwmeztel68kmbj3tnvukt56k 0 4963 77671 69375 2021-08-15T04:08:11Z Protais1 9980 # wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khotan-mezquita-d03.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khotan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Khotan-mezquita-d04.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Khotan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Khotan''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Khotan]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bushinwa]] n3ocrraer7s7q4uf23k8sqyntluz39o 14 4964 67580 63968 2013-04-02T19:04:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481493]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Kolombiya]] mdha98x424rwbfylp8qt0oibxssk9m7 0 4965 77589 77587 2021-08-14T04:09:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque of Umm Haram (32154223210).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Hala Sultan Tekkesi'']] [[Dosiye:Hála Súltan Tekké.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Hala Sultan Tekke'']] '''Umusigiti wa Hala Sultan Tekke''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: ''Χαλά Σουλτάν Τεκκέ''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Hala Sultan Tekkesi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Larinaka]] muri [[Shipure]] y’Amajyepfo. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Shipure]] 6ldpqwflerht3g6nw79se62ybkjg7ct 14 4966 67579 61544 2013-04-02T19:04:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481501]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Shipure]] llogo141scbpnt8xp43d482ne33nsdj 14 4967 71858 67578 2019-07-09T11:09:53Z Tarih 1914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Mosques in Northern Cyprus}} [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] 6hsd4nnymdaggvva3gac7bqsziw4ohs 14 4968 67311 57362 2013-03-14T05:56:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7001585]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Misiri]] nzdrlaod2f5b3ki5k381rrkdih0ayxy 0 4969 69305 66504 2015-03-04T06:57:35Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|25|42|00|N|32|38|22|E|type:landmark|display=title}} [[File:Abou al-Haggag mosque (2006b).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Abu al-Hajjaj</font>]] [[File:ISAbu Haggag Moské.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti Abu al-Hajjaj</font>]] [[File:Abu_el-Haggag_R01.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti Abu al-Hajjaj</font>]] [[File:Abu_el-Haggag_R03.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti Abu al-Hajjaj</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Abu al-Hajjaj''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع أبو الحجاج بالأقصر''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Lukusori]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] nskntek9frewb5arx44n1bdtd1oww4j 0 4970 69591 66426 2015-03-04T11:48:26Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Egypt.Aswan.Mosque.02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Tabia</font>]] [[File:Interior of El-Tabia Mosque in Aswan (Egypt) (1).JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Tabia</font>]] [[File:Interior of El-Tabia Mosque in Aswan (Egypt) (2).JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Tabia</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Tabia''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Asuwan]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] cwnxikg21cmy8bm5tkz9tl6huhnpq0y 0 4971 77887 70865 2021-08-18T03:39:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SohagArifSouthSide.jpg|thumb|Sohag Arif South Side]] [[Dosiye:مسجد العارف بالله سيدي عبدالرحيم القناوي.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Arif South Side]] '''Umusigiti wa Sidi Arif''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد العارف بالله‎;''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sohaj]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] ks0y75s5owneojgcwbh6ddmdwikqnzf 0 4972 69555 66427 2015-03-04T10:46:08Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bluemosque1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Aqsunqur</font>]] [[File:Blue-mosque-bradybd.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Aqsunqur</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Aqsunqur''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع إبراهيم أغا مستحفظان''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] fb5d0k62bss0id1kp3bjeybkb9bes05 0 4973 81519 78653 2022-01-31T11:02:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cairo - Islamic district - Al Azhar Mosque and University.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar</span>]] [[File:Bab al-Muzaynin.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar</span>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع الأزهر‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Dosiye:Egypt, Cairo, Panorama of Medieval Islamic Cairo.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|cairo]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] g9iyxiluu8r7ir5kp97u6p2y51u4unn 0 4974 21326 21325 2011-01-21T18:49:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar]] i19w8qhpid2k07rsa84ezy6qri3arnt 0 4975 21327 2011-01-21T18:50:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaminuza ya Al-Azhar]] t1j2ep5lju45g81i7u26oc6k9qjf4az 0 4976 71073 70280 2017-07-20T04:06:25Z JMCC1 6441 error wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AHMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Hakim</font>]] [[File:Mosquee al-akim le caire 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Hakim</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Hakim''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الحاكم بأمر الله''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] akjy50gmihf55350iurxrov7bw5bvb1 0 4977 77049 69233 2021-08-05T08:51:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Juyushi Mosque,Cairo (1).jpg|thumb|Juyushi Mosque]] '''Umusigiti wa Juyushi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] nbwu183788s92mc1lepne5ox4kndv3g 0 4978 77051 69402 2021-08-05T08:55:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lulua Mosque.jpg|thumb|Lulua Mosque]] '''Umusigiti wa Lulua''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] sh52ii8qm6wde2ssiu2j0wyibriwtfx 0 4979 77458 77457 2021-08-10T16:23:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque Amr ibn Al-As Entrance.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Amr ibn al-As</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosque of Amr Ibn al-As.. NV 00 (9).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Amr ibn al-As''']] [[Dosiye:Mosque of Amr Ibn al-As.. NV 00 (29).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Amr ibn al-As''']] '''Umusigiti wa Amr ibn al-As''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع عمرو بن العاص‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] 25v344plvvhqskp4g3zncos228bwnbg 0 4980 78036 70276 2021-08-20T03:11:39Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosqueal-Mu´ayyad Shaykh.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sultan al-Muayyad</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosque of Sultan Al-Muayyad.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sultan al-Muayyad''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sultan al-Muayyad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع عمرو بن العاص‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[File:Bab Zewela.jpg|thumb|right]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] fugn3bkmobhkbmdb5gmkspwfwwdetpc 0 4981 77144 69601 2021-08-08T02:32:10Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:QalaunMosque1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Nasir Muhammad</font>]] [[Dosiye:مجموعة السلطان قلاوون.jpg|thumb|'''مدرسة الناصر محمد بن قلاوون''']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Nasir Muhammad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مدرسة الناصر محمد بن قلاوون''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] 5fnwph4778l007lnw489vksezjs1gfo 0 4982 69610 66310 2015-03-04T11:58:28Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kairo Rifai Moschee BW 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi</font>]] [[File:Cairo(js).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الرفاعى‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Caire]] muri [[Misiri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] 0pp2358vh3hmpua6wy1d8vk7pws133y 14 4983 67537 61474 2013-04-02T19:02:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8248895]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubufaransa]] 1hhq6wi1ucgc3h4gsl81bvihuma264t 0 4984 81463 66312 2022-01-31T10:53:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Adjara.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibendera ry’Ajara</span>]] [[File:Georgia Ajaria map.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Ajara</span>]] [[File:Ajaria02.png|thumb|right|250px]] '''Ajara''' (izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]] : '''აჭარა''' ) n’[[igihugu]] muri [[Geworugiya]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru w’Ajara witwa [[Batumi]]. [[Category:Geworugiya]] 4ikrqim51uxm6600kzq3bshxqkd6q8y 0 4985 81595 73121 2022-01-31T11:14:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US_Navy_200623-N-O901-0001_USS_Porter_(DDG_78)_in_Batumi,_Georgia_on_June_23,_2020.jpg|thumb|424x424px|US Navy 200623-N-O901-0001 USS Porter (DDG 78) in Batumi, Georgia on June 23, 2020]] [[File:Batumi Montage by Gaeser.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Batumi</span>]] [[File:Adjara map.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Batumi</span>]] '''Batumi''' (izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]] : '''ბათუმი''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’i [[Ajara]] muri [[Geworugiya]]. [[File:Batumi,_Georgia_—_Building_in_Batumi.jpg|thumb|Batumi, Georgia — Building in Batumi]] [[File:Dancing_Fountains_in_BatumiBatumi_šokantys_fontanai.jpg|thumb|Dancing Fountains in BatumiBatumi šokantys fontanai]] [[Category:Imirwa]] [[Category:Geworugiya]] qhb3jpa28wueg4laxsu4h9ojcghg85q 0 4986 22486 21351 2011-01-26T09:45:27Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani al-Muayyad]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani al-Muayyad]] 7919h1n4mz8vzs53wzzyabqfxjlzp9l 0 4987 21353 2011-01-21T19:57:43Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti Al-Nasir Muhammad]] to [[Umusigiti wa Al-Nasir Muhammad]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Al-Nasir Muhammad]] 4muyaf6e6hz5rxj3qhs0xz1yijo53oh 0 4988 21355 2011-01-21T19:58:01Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti Al-Rifayi]] to [[Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi]] rhnyrib36a20y20tquyir0co1r0i32z 0 4989 77482 69477 2021-08-11T02:58:15Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque, batumi.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Batumi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Batumi Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Batumi''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Batumi''' (izina mu [[kinyageworugiya]]: '''ბათუმის მეჩეთი''' ''batumis mecheti'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Batumi]] muri [[Geworugiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Geworugiya]] 48x0y25srqxipm0nkfzk649d4979ovd 14 4990 67599 63992 2013-04-02T19:05:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481492]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Geworugiya]] eu752cgg408ulaewti4aplmzp3a7hmo 14 4991 67600 63955 2013-04-02T19:05:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028242]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubudage]] sycrlz0bno2qqf8zik71hd41ign1lgm 0 4992 77487 69259 2021-08-11T03:16:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Berlin Ahmadiyya Mosque ext-int.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Berlin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moschee Wilmersdorf.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Berlin]] '''Umusigiti wa Berlin''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Wilmersdorfer Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Berlin]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] 9b2afvatqkf5xxr3cf4au7n2h7iwzf3 0 4993 82532 77790 2022-04-18T10:50:07Z Wieralee 5061 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee Fraunengebetsraum.jpg]] → [[File:Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee Frauengebetsraum.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nuur-Moschee Frankfurt Germany.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nuur</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee Frauengebetsraum.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Nuur'']] '''Umusigiti wa Nuur''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Nuur-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Frankfurt]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] mseqges81azg7hh6zphtspkh8zeqkpz 0 4994 69289 66562 2015-03-04T06:51:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:FazleOmarMoschee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fazle-Omar</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Fazle-Omar''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Fazle-Omar-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hamburg]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] a2xyrhylz3f22mteftextd28k9e2vhl 0 4995 77474 69494 2021-08-11T02:38:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baitul-Huda-Moschee Usingen.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bait ul-Huda</font>]] [[Dosiye:Baitul-Huda-Moschee Usingen (cropped).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Bait ul-Huda'']] '''Umusigiti wa Bait ul-Huda''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Bait ul-Huda'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Usingen]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] mt1amu2yr88l1faroek6iyjn9b3i1sy 0 4996 77464 69504 2021-08-10T16:35:53Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Baitulhudasydney.JPEG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bait ul-Huda</font>]] [[Dosiye:Baitul-Huda-Moschee Usingen (cropped).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bait ul-Huda''']] '''Umusigiti wa Bait ul-Huda''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Baitul Huda'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sydney]] muri [[Ositaraliya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Ositaraliya]] sf4h4xje775qnp7s9qx92fzh7sccacb 0 4997 77475 70635 2021-08-11T02:40:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bait us-Sami.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bait us-Sami</font>]] [[Dosiye:Bait us-Sami (Hannover).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bait us-Sami''']] '''Umusigiti wa Bait us-Sami''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Hannover]] mu [[Budage]]. {{Commonscat|Sami-Moschee (Hannover)}} [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] mhr9vt87nqkne8na3mxkxrxb8bjztni 0 4998 78124 71879 2021-08-21T03:29:26Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yavuz Sultan Selim Moschee Mannheim 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yavuz Sultan Selim</font>]] [[File:Yavuz Sultan Selim Moschee Mannheim 02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yavuz Sultan Selim</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yavuz Sultan Selim Moschee Mannheim 01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Yavuz-Sultan-Selim'']] '''Umusigiti wa Yavuz Sultan Selim''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Yavuz-Sultan-Selim-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Mannheim]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] lk26cujlrmlisun86ktt8xqon58aapu 0 4999 77791 69435 2021-08-17T03:16:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nuur-ud-Din</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee Rückseite.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Nuur-ud-Din'']] '''Umusigiti wa Nuur-ud-Din''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Nuur-ud-Din-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Darmstadt]] mu [[Budage]]. == Imiyoboro == *http://nuuruddin-moschee.de/ [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] mrzhtk32plva0bcv8kwloih51lxpkyx 0 5000 77058 71560 2021-08-05T11:05:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Munich Sendling mosque aerial parking-lot.jpg|thumb|''Moschee Sendling'']] '''Umusigiti wa Sendling''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Moschee Sendling'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Munich]] mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Budage]] r58tic5lm7mfko7ql95eyybytxeimqe 0 5001 78146 77685 2021-08-22T12:33:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Larabanga.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Larabanga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Larabanga Mosque Ghana.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Larabanga'' ]] [[Dosiye:Larabanga_Mosque_1.jpg|thumb|abantu bagiye gusengera mu musigiti wa Larabanga]] '''Umusigiti wa Larabanga''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Larabanga Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Larabanga]] muri [[Gana]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Gana]] 8nqb02ke1u28ry01xf6fekytro4ul8d 14 5002 67515 67375 2013-04-02T19:01:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7277993]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Gana]] hke9u9vcf1fe5z93vtqmzsiz9lcvj2p 14 5003 67270 59921 2013-03-14T05:54:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7145158]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5004 21385 2011-01-21T20:58:18Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Ibrahim Al-lbrahim]] to [[Umusigiti wa Ibrahim al-lbrahim (Venezuwela)]]: 2s wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Ibrahim al-lbrahim (Venezuwela)]] ai9eg0a1phf8cn2cp49njwuwy8t626i 0 5005 77595 69221 2021-08-14T04:19:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abdulaziz Mosque Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ibrahim al-lbrahim </font>]] [[Dosiye:Mezquita Ibrahim Al-Lbrahim en Caracas frente a la Iglesia San Charbel.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ibrahim al-lbrahim''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ibrahim al-lbrahim ''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque'' cyangwa ''King Fahd bin Abdulaziz al-Saud Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Giburalitari]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Giburalitari]] go0vsxnt718drha4gkkov0q9sb7nlyx 14 5006 67517 63997 2013-04-02T19:01:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481533]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Giburalitari]] c1v2dlp5iunfh011kcj0qqbtqu3m55m 14 5007 67516 61238 2013-04-02T19:01:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7235794]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ag58urdwghqoz6rlya4iduv2kbi0wg9 0 5008 78960 77516 2021-08-30T06:42:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grande Mosquee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Conakry</font>]] [[Dosiye:Conakry collage.jpg|thumb|uko umusigitinwa ''Conakry ugaragara'']] '''Umusigiti wa Conakry''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande mosquée de Conakry'' cyangwa ''Mosquée Fayçal'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Conakry]] muri [[Gineya]]. [[Dosiye:Faisal_Mosque_-_fountain_area.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Conakry ]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Gineya]] hog5vetz0hou0mmy8u5k8tgi2x27x7t 14 5009 67518 63947 2013-04-02T19:01:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481490]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Gineya]] 1ime1twe2mphn4dav68h4w6ne8pnsqy 0 5010 78346 69428 2021-08-24T07:44:42Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gázi Kászim pasa dzsámija.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Gazi Kasim Pasha</font>]] [[File:Pécsdzsámi légifotó.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Gazi Kasim Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Gazi Kasim Pasha''' (izina mu [[gihongiriya]]: ''Gázi Kászim pasa dzsámija'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pécs]] muri [[Hongiriya]]. [[Dosiye:Notre_Dame_de_la_Chapelle,_Rue_Bodenbroek_6,_Brussels_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Gazi Kasim Pasha]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Hongiriya]] fuov9q8lxnqcg6i5wqno8p5lvzvq52z 0 5011 78120 78119 2021-08-21T03:24:04Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yakovali Hassan Mosque 1.jpg |thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yakovali Hassan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jakováli Hasszán dzsámija.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Yakovali Hassan]] [[Dosiye:Jakováli Hasszán dzsámija a minarettel. Fortepan 4020.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yakovali hassan]] '''Umusigiti wa Yakovali Hassan''' (izina mu [[gihongiriya]]: ''Jakováli Hasszán dzsámija'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pécs]] muri [[Hongiriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Hongiriya]] jv0t9xvhc2tgwd3smutbz5r3xp2og8x 0 5012 69388 66522 2015-03-04T08:53:05Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malkocs bég dzsámija.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Malkoc Beg</font>]] [[File:Malkocs bég dzsámija belső.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Malkoc Beg</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Malkoc Beg''' (izina mu [[gihongiriya]]: ''Malkocs bég dzsámija'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Siklós]] muri [[Hongiriya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Hongiriya]] awx5zunn5qmrl2ooac41magwvbq0hsp 14 5013 66496 63953 2013-03-11T11:12:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6164528]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Hongiriya]] aeznq9pwx9v5y2u4d8p0vwynb4iktnw 14 5014 66497 60626 2013-03-11T11:12:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 139 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368249]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5015 77867 69447 2021-08-18T03:08:16Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moskan i reykjavik.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Reykjavík</font>]] [[Dosiye:FistaMoskaIslandi.png|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Reykjavík''']] '''Umusigiti wa Reykjavík''' (izina mu [[kinyisilande]]: ''Moskan í Reykjavík'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Reykjavík]] muri [[Isilande]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isilande]] gkiqbbfzxnbxmuwh38a2c6v4rzpuiwd 14 5016 67574 63990 2013-04-02T19:04:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481513]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Isilande]] 2o0k4e9rtlpu1ds80fa6v26plyua0yf 14 5017 67575 60872 2013-04-02T19:04:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 21 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642078]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubuhinde]] 9zip8v1nqpdih4h47s8ow5g4ly7iyk8 14 5018 73365 67309 2020-09-26T18:22:38Z Deborahjay 6702 lower-level category; sort to display alphabetically wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuhinde]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe k'ubwenegihugu|Hinde]] egqiaihoak5l0xohexydzq1aehvxf88 0 5019 69528 66499 2015-03-04T10:10:45Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Central pishtaq, Atala Masjid, Jaunpur.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Atala</font>]] [[File:Pillared hall on the first floor over side arcade, Atala Masjid, Jaunpur.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Atala</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Atala''' (izina mu [[gihindi]]: '''?'''; izina mu [[cyuridu]]: ?) ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Uttar Pradesh]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 2yhhi724c6lx18wwvp7gk8up5e5n5pw 0 5020 79471 77898 2021-10-01T18:55:12Z Afifa Afrin 6899 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Babri Masjid.jpg|thumb|327x327px|Umusigiti wa Baburi]] '''Umusigiti wa Baburi''' (izina mu [[gihindi]]: '''बाबरी मस्जिद'''; izina mu [[gihindi]]: '''بابری مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Uttar Pradesh]] mu [[Buhinde]]. <gallery> Babri Mosque 8.jpg|Babri Mosque Babri Mosque 7.jpg|Babri Mosque Babri Mosque 9.jpg|Babri Mosque </gallery> [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 73xbtcgey4gq5foc2icu2ellegtl4ab 0 5021 77769 69315 2021-08-16T12:14:32Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A_small_mosque_in_Kerala.jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti wa Goripalayam''']] '''Umusigiti wa Goripalayam''' (izina mu [[gitamili]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Madurai]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] dxojj8r3vs67xnavibw0isqqtoex551 0 5022 69429 66442 2015-03-04T09:17:54Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muchundi Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Muchundi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Muchundi''' (izina mu [[kimalayalamu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kerala]] mu [[Buhinde]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buhinde]] 76j94ls2y6dno3wur721rjj6c6xz4iz 14 5023 67555 57694 2013-04-02T19:03:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481515]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Indonesiya]] 56t1ctor5yqyrv5bkrqhebndow31332 0 5024 21449 2011-01-21T22:40:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isirayeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isirayeli]] l6sbm0b5a83ypwahof41gnfo3qqzvvc 0 5026 21459 2011-01-22T00:05:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Damasiko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Damasiko]] 8e42h5ktmu7q89z1mqytrb2j5u1yvwc 14 5027 67556 57371 2013-04-02T19:03:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028170]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Irani]] bl1ohu0i0zioi22coor2c6psysr11wh 0 5028 69302 66439 2015-03-04T06:57:10Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aghabozorg kashan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Agha Bozorg</font>]] [[File:Madreseh kashan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Agha Bozorg</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Agha Bozorg''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد آقا بزرگ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kashan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] hcve4h8a3m8h4v1mycmu3c0ybi8h3jh 0 5029 78580 69602 2021-08-25T08:32:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alnabi mosque qazvin2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Nabi</font>]] [[File:Masjed-alnabi-qazvin.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Nabi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Nabi''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد النبی قزوین''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qazvin]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Dosiye:امام_زاده_اباذر.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al-Nabi]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] bfv5ah5u952hk901qgry7ffdz528y4b 0 5030 69526 66343 2015-03-04T10:10:28Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jame qazvin4.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Atiq Qazvin</font>]] [[File:Qazvin Jameh Mosque minarets.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Atiq Qazvin</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Atiq Qazvin''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع عتيق قزوین''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qazvin]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] j99iarhnnceq0rlp8jm1x3jadejaurv 0 5031 77591 69365 2021-08-14T04:12:44Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heydarieh mosque qazvin.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Heydariye</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد حیدریه قزوین (1).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa heydariye]] '''Umusigiti wa Heydariye''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد حیدریه قزوین''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Qazvin]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] bcdd9humrsx0wctbfvcx1s965j9fr3n 0 5032 80701 77786 2021-11-22T14:39:37Z Orijentolog 7135 wrong photo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:حیات اصلی مسجد.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nayin</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد جامع نایین سال98.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Nayin]] '''Umusigiti wa Nayin''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع نایین''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Isfahan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] peewp2cna3x5homy51duco6q1rnyha4 0 5033 77461 69539 2021-08-10T16:29:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jameh Mosque Ashtarjan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ashtarjan</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد اشترجان 3.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ashtarjan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ashtarjan''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع اشترجان''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ashtarjan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] ci0frdxkjq9rl2zphr0ladgnh4vpkkh 0 5034 77494 69253 2021-08-11T03:27:02Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jame1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Borujerd</font>]] [[Dosiye:گنبد و مناره مسجد جامع بروجرد.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Borujerd]] '''Umusigiti wa Borujerd''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع بروجرد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Borujerd]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] 2qr7n0ci1npnxrzar2p35qsij48ebo3 0 5035 77535 77534 2021-08-12T03:49:23Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vakil Mosque 03.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Vakil''']] [[Dosiye:Vakil Mosque, 13 July 2017.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Vakil 2017''']] '''Umusigiti wa Vakil''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع تون \ فردوس''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ferdows]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] <gallery> |Мечеть |Мечеть </gallery> haye777izz2zv3ii3krw2lnwxreq17t 0 5036 78584 77875 2021-08-25T09:37:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Masjed_jame-saveh.jpg|thumb|200px|The oldest picture of the mosque jame Saveh]] [[Dosiye:بنای داخلی مسجد جامع ساوه.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Save]] '''Umusigiti wa Save''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع ساوه''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Save]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Dosiye:Saveh_Mosque_2.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Save]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] spwcx634g3gfomfffj5hm69dqr5lepm 0 5037 78178 78177 2021-08-23T02:42:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jemeh mosque Zanjan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Zanjan</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد جامع سید زنجان 01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Zanjan]] [[Dosiye:مسجد جامع زنجان.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Zanjan]] '''Umusigiti wa Zanjan''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع زنجان''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Zanjan]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] i7pvhik29x4ti25d68assspcteim17s 0 5038 78125 77726 2021-08-21T03:31:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jameh_Mosque_of_Yazd_-_Dome.jpg|thumb|Jameh Mosque of Yazd - Dome]] [[Dosiye:پنجره مسجد جامع-یزد.jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa Yazd]] '''Umusigiti wa Yazd''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد جامع یزد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yazd]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] ht6fxhk8jwtio6m2nicl0b2nm6oc2kc 0 5039 70778 69522 2016-12-18T23:09:09Z Hedwig in Washington 2564 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Brojerd mosalla small.jpg]] → [[File:Brojerd mosalla smallz.jpg]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Brojerd mosalla smallz.jpg]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brojerd mosalla smallz.jpg|thumb|450px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sulutani Borujerd</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Sulutani Borujerd''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد سلطانی بروجرد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Borujerd]] muri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] 4nxxl8k5g8c9il8380a7c5kuzrhikpc 14 5040 67598 63994 2013-04-02T19:05:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 16 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028164]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Irake]] fu2x9yy8kbzb9vpfrayl7yoln86icsp 0 5041 77430 70007 2021-08-10T03:01:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu Hanifa Mosque, 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Abu Hanifa</font>]] [[Dosiye:جامع الإمام الأعظم 1920.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Abu Hanifa muri 1920]] '''Umusigiti wa Abu Hanifa''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد أبو حنيفة‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Baghdad]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] khouxfmgv39ll7j571i2hq9tp64znhm 0 5042 77679 69401 2021-08-15T06:20:55Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kufa Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kufa</font>]] [[Dosiye:مسجد الكوفة المعظم.jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa kufa]] '''Umusigiti wa Kufa''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الكوفة المعظم‎‎‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kufa]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] nx1d79vlyzbhmxbhbi010jyksnzq0cf 0 5043 78115 77111 2021-08-21T03:15:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Om_El-Qura_Garden.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani bw'umusigiti wa Umm Al-Qura]] [[Dosiye:Umm Al-Qura Garden.JPG|thumb|ubusitani bw'umusigiti wa '''Umm al-Qura''']] '''Umusigiti wa Umm al-Qura''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Baghdad]] muri [[Irake]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irake]] ph6abm9ty0oep8q9sz6dhmantu1kczq 14 5044 66556 60323 2013-03-11T11:13:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 106 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368623]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5045 77521 69271 2021-08-12T03:23:44Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dublin Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Dublin</font>]] [[Dosiye:THE DUBLIN MOSQUE -SOUTH CIRCULAR ROAD DUBLIN--137985 (40287513425).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Dublin'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Dublin''' (izina mu [[kinyirilande]]: ?; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Dublin Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Dublin]] muri [[Irilande]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irilande]] dnzlphzp8kllprhr8alhxr668hyxbbi 14 5046 67597 63950 2013-04-02T19:05:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642066]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Irilande]] mjy7625pcslllls6n6wwlt3xxaosisv 14 5047 66554 63956 2013-03-11T11:13:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 21 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6157031]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Isirayeli]] nrsdrql12dittztwjsngrrh86rhumri 0 5048 77450 77449 2021-08-10T15:57:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al moaleq.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa </font>]] [[Dosiye:Damascus Mosque al-Muallaq 4621.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Muallaq''']] [[Dosiye:Damascus Mosque al-Muallaq 4622.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Muallaq''']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Muallaq''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد المعلق‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''מסגד אל-מועלק‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Acre]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] r476vpo056bvnh0qpfdm04malubarq0 0 5049 77440 69532 2021-08-10T03:16:55Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:White t1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad</font>]] [[Dosiye:קשתות המסגד על רקע העליה לעמדת המואזין.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-abyad]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد الأبيض‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''המסגד הלבן‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ramla]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] q38qivnm691rcamwv5t8qcwkgx1s0j8 0 5050 21557 2011-01-22T13:52:21Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Ibrahim Jamek]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Ibrahim Jamek]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Ibrahim Jamek]] d73vwm4w1a1yydpwac156t55doglyp6 0 5051 21559 2011-01-22T13:53:17Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Abdul Samad]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Abdul Samad]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Abdul Samad]] 0ju1285ked2nnilh6jm91oj782puea9 0 5052 21561 2011-01-22T13:53:34Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Abu Bakar]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Abu Bakar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Abu Bakar]] g6owwn6vq1buk4tn6lw6qorvs1y0j0d 0 5053 21563 2011-01-22T13:53:47Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Ahmad Shah]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Ahmad Shah]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Ahmad Shah]] sjfyb2qk2kyyh2l3fmxfboar8ja8kmp 0 5054 21565 2011-01-22T13:54:02Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Hassan]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Hassan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Hassan]] nd9zts0y8r6rt80xux40c0icj4n9vor 0 5055 21567 2011-01-22T13:54:17Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Omar Ali Saifuddin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Omar Ali Saifuddin]] hz27nruyn1dsxpngi0o2zu84cjs6j7w 0 5056 21569 2011-01-22T13:54:40Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Qaboos]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Qabus]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Qabus]] bksk252u9jckpnnpaxuyyknfi7jgd9q 0 5057 21571 2011-01-22T13:54:54Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]] sicii8ko97j7gbq0f96ottndzdq8n46 0 5058 21573 2011-01-22T13:55:08Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan Suriansyah]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Suriansyah]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Suriansyah]] rq8w24o4kp0ppvxssw8d81w0k2trfk2 0 5059 21575 2011-01-22T13:55:24Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Sultan al-Muayyad]] to [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani al-Muayyad]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani al-Muayyad]] 7919h1n4mz8vzs53wzzyabqfxjlzp9l 0 5060 77447 69606 2021-08-10T15:51:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Khanka Mosque in the old Jerusalem.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Al khanakka al slakhiys jerusalem.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Khangah Al-Salahiyya]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الخانقاه الصلاحية‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yerusalemu]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] rt99wud72s7s1vipli7wsuvlglc5zln 0 5061 77796 69444 2021-08-17T03:26:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque of Sidna Omar, Jerusalem (1925).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Omar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sidna Omar Mosque, Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem, מסגד סידנא עומר, הרובע היהודי, ירושלים - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Omar]] '''Umusigiti wa Omar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد عمر بن الخطاب‎‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''מסגד עומר‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yerusalemu]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] 4nqa5n86vs4yab1um8lag5lilpl7dxi 0 5062 77751 69405 2021-08-16T03:15:22Z Protais1 9980 # wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shain0343.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Makam el Nabi Sain</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nazareth Nabi-Sain-Moschee Innen 1.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Makam el Nabi Sain''']] '''Umusigiti wa Makam el Nabi Sain''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''מקאם אלנבי סעין‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nazareth]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] 1r1r2mo5suzgxz7n927frhjeghnqh6m 0 5063 21580 2011-01-22T14:20:24Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad]] to [[Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad i Ramla]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad i Ramla]] cptwuduaetqxu7jq7q6sza7zlwqp1e2 0 5064 77441 69531 2021-08-10T03:22:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:White mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad</font>]] [[Dosiye:המסגד הלבן ממזרח למערב.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Abyad i Nazareth]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Abyad''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد الأبيض‎‎‎'''; izina mu [[giheburayo]]: '''המסגד הלבן''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nazareth]] muri [[Isirayeli]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Isirayeli]] gl413zu53udx4jumw2ttyis0u3ekvuc 0 5065 77772 69331 2021-08-16T12:27:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nablus_007.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Nablus ]] '''Umusigiti wa Nabulusi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''اجامع نابلس الكبير‎''' cyangwa '''الجامع الصلاحي الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nabulusi]] muri [[Palestine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Palestine]] im7mvjaqkbyhum6k350eu9zxb4g8034 14 5066 67700 58527 2013-04-10T18:58:54Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9621645]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Palestine]] du26aui7gkn4f9f6hjsss8663b5drew 14 5067 66410 63986 2013-03-11T11:10:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6166923]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubutariyani]] ehimt9crbzwrghn8opt7yi49dga1qgc 0 5068 77800 69454 2021-08-17T03:34:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moschea di palermo1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Palermo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moschea di palermo2.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Palermo]] '''Umusigiti wa Palermo''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]]: ''Moschea di Palermo'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Palermo]] mu [[Butaliyani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Butaliyani]] 9fruxezirkmpbxj596wq9fvtxbzezel 0 5069 81972 77879 2022-02-08T21:31:16Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Moschea_Segrate_2.JPG|Moschea_Segrate_2.JPG]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Moschea Segrate 2.JPG|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Moschea Segrate.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Segrate]] '''Umusigiti wa Segrate''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]]: ''Moschea di Segrate'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Segrate]] mu [[Butaliyani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Butaliyani]] 4dqg0xqqq3rdx6eyt3vl6gt8qdem8fd 14 5070 66305 63744 2013-03-11T11:07:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6372977]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubuyapani]] fk3ipvosly9x4wrhwalivrpmeybf8ei 14 5071 67534 63962 2013-04-02T19:02:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642086]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Yorudani]] 6lg2dii225v7u1dda0gjkpny4mi7hyt 0 5072 69543 66304 2015-03-04T10:37:07Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:King Hussain Mosque, Amman, Jordan.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Hussain</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Umwami Hussain''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الملك حسين''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Amman]] muri [[Yorudani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Yorudani]] s3qabaud2ucvyvd6do28b90lf8bwn5s 14 5073 67533 63999 2013-04-02T19:02:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028178]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Kosovo]] ifx2ctctw8gle1o8bkb7jbhe3osg4va 14 5074 67536 63960 2013-04-02T19:02:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642104]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Koweti]] g7g0dj67a43e5slr4oy3won63bgo6df 0 5075 69226 66307 2015-03-04T06:08:47Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umusigiti wa Imam Baqir''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Surra]] muri [[Koweti]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Koweti]] h1t7quio45jrqq0vesbyk6byh006zwo 14 5076 67535 63954 2013-04-02T19:02:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481500]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Libani]] m5b9hpwr220nq483wwcpogtcry4kjn8 0 5077 77531 69294 2021-08-12T03:42:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fakhredine mosque - Deir al-Qamar - Lebanon.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fakhredine</font>]] [[Dosiye:DeirAlQamar-FakhredineMosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Fakhredine''']] '''Umusigiti wa Fakhredine''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد الكبير''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Deir el Qamar]] muri [[Libani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Libani]] l0p9gjsjjdug6rn28ogkhf7zb1ekb33 0 5078 77755 69391 2021-08-16T03:20:56Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TripoliLebGreatMosqueMinaret.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mansouri</font>]] [[Dosiye:Al Mansouri Mosque Gate Inscriptions.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Mansouri''']] '''Umusigiti wa Mansouri''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tiripoli]] muri [[Libani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Libani]] hlj9r6jcdm1iwj7t3bhef2tt9kxpbgk 0 5079 78046 69519 2021-08-20T03:23:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taynal Mosque2009a.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Taynal</font>]] [[Dosiye:Interior view, Taynal Mosque.jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa '''Taynal''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Taynal''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tiripoli]] muri [[Libani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Libani]] 6xkzq5y0fofkcct7hj6m2kogrm0vywb 14 5080 67585 63951 2013-04-02T19:04:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481498]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Libiya]] kqlbcxjy10hkem7npa1532o859b762d 0 5081 78131 78130 2021-08-21T03:38:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2011 Bitola, Meczet Jeni 01.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeni</font>]] [[Dosiye:Јени Џамија.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Yeni]] [[Dosiye:Кади Мехмед Ефенди џамија - Kadı Mehmed Efendi mosque (Јени џамија - Yeni mosque) - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yeni]] '''Umusigiti wa Yeni''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Јени џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bitola]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] pxv2xqy1iqkp5cyh1idr4exr7svaxhe 0 5082 21626 2011-01-22T15:30:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimasedoniyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimasedoniyani]] qzfeb6glc02kn3n3hu5u7t2s0tjq25d 14 5083 67584 63980 2013-04-02T19:04:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 9 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028279]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Masedoniya]] 7qn3jz0djel5xl0bkzleidhdn68xcf9 0 5084 69329 66520 2015-03-04T07:57:52Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mustafa-Pasha-Mosque-Skopje.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mustafa Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Mustafa Pasha''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Мустафа-пашина џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Skopje]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] 25sfvegn91ty2tejw3o3qu2tw7m40sl 0 5085 69491 66519 2015-03-04T10:01:20Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tetovo Bunte Moschee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sharena</font>]] [[File:20090714 Tetovo Colored or Painted Mosque Aladzha or Sharena Dzamija Detail.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sharena</font>]] [[File:TetovoSarenadzamijavlez.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sharena</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Sharena''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Шарена џамија''; izina mu [[kinyalubaniya]]: ''Xhamia e Pashës''; izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Alaca Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tetovo]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] bn0b5k8dhndmht1ysmn18jcp7vbq1fv 0 5086 69270 67963 2015-03-04T06:36:27Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prilepstreet.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Carishi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Carishi''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Чарши џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Pripel]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] 21jod2hgmsa81hfbhsh45utp4uuthzk 0 5087 70578 69572 2016-06-28T13:56:52Z Liridon 5869 + photo wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Јахја-паша.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yahya Pasha</font>]] [[File:Yaya Pasha, 1963.jpg|thumb|250px|Umusigiti wa Yahya Pasha, 1963.]] '''Umusigiti wa Yahya Pasha''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Јахја-пашина џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Skopje]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] 5iw2gwpx4xymdor25y2w54ar425bi7v 0 5088 77495 72747 2021-08-11T03:28:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Бурмали Џамија2.jpg|thumb|250px|right| Umusigiti wa Burmali ]] [[Dosiye:BurmalıCamiEdirne (3).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Burmalı'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Burmali''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Бурмали Џамија''; izina mu [[giturukiya]]: ''Burmalı Cami'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Skopje]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] chhtqgh4jnx7yxuzk2usyuwowoltesa 0 5089 77773 69540 2021-08-16T12:33:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tomb_of_Sultan_Murad_III_Mars_2013.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sultan Murad ]] '''Umusigiti wa Sulutani Murat''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Султан-муратова џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Skopje]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] 798jkhyrf5dl1e8mszf3iuhpj1kltmv 0 5090 77057 69451 2021-08-05T11:03:26Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Orta mosque - Strumica (2).JPG|thumb|''Орта џамија'']] '''Umusigiti wa Orta''' (izina mu [[kimasedoniyani]]: ''Орта џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Strumitsa]] muri [[Masedoniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Masedoniya]] cqow1e2w7xl8dqie1ewvkab0d8g3snp 0 5091 77974 69248 2021-08-19T19:15:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque-Attaowa-2020-2.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Londikede]] '''Umusigiti wa Londikede''' (izina mu [[kimaldivezi]]: '''ލޮނޑިކެޑެ މިސްކިތް''') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Malidivezi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Malidivezi]] i7ivdpnjm0jq9cufg749ibitk4sajrl 14 5092 67549 63995 2013-04-02T19:03:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642226]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Malidivezi]] muo8f0ta5ljrcec2ifyd0novdee8jvp 14 5093 67295 59941 2013-03-14T05:55:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7159943]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Mali]] hcp554vl7dend4imhwm8qdnd0da4q0t 14 5094 67698 61208 2013-04-10T18:58:47Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9621613]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Moritaniya]] jxdx66wdbj42daasjuksuhhsbx4ixzv 14 5095 67296 61060 2013-03-14T05:55:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6893693]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 14 5096 67550 57483 2013-04-02T19:03:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 18 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642130]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Maroke]] 55e0q6up0t8khytd44bjw0m1bx8b73p 0 5097 78726 77463 2021-08-26T08:24:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bab-berdieyinne-minaret.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bab Berdieyinne</font>]] [[Dosiye:Bab-berdaine-meknes.jpg|thumb|inzira igana kumusigiti wa '''Bab Berdieyinne''' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Bab Berdieyinne''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''بردعين‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Meknes]] muri [[Maroke]]. [[Dosiye:TROTTER(1881)_p315_GATEWAY_IN_MEQUINEZ.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bab Berdieyinne]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Maroke]] 6a560vt1xzkblqvgs894xjt9qhbb9xj 14 5098 67548 63959 2013-04-02T19:03:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642094]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Kazakisitani]] itw6vkxylvljoygg11cleh6g19sa2nj 14 5099 66428 62675 2013-03-11T11:10:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 144 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455739]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5100 77762 69319 2021-08-16T03:35:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mevlana-moskee.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mevlana </font>]] [[Dosiye:Mevlana Museum, Konya 05.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Mevlana''']] '''Umusigiti wa Mevlana''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]]: ''Mevlanamoskee''; izina mu [[giturukiya]]: ''Mevlana Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Rotterdam]] mu [[Buholandi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buholandi]] bzecfdbxo7jg1u7dm2etiz4zmc4m7l4 0 5101 21665 2011-01-22T16:47:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] eqfts4cs3a9phlugylq7ahqfarfp05q 14 5102 67543 63965 2013-04-02T19:02:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642228]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubuholandi]] 5843cwu8vksp0aokycgkkx2b3zg76ov 0 5103 69317 66355 2015-03-04T07:21:58Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moskee Oostduinlaan.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mobarak</font>]] [[File:Moskee Den Haag Oostduinlaan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mobarak</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Mobarak''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]]: ''Mobarak Moskee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[La Haye]] mu [[Buholandi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Buholandi]] jrqd539hpfx8aamfww5llox33xghq8m 0 5104 69300 66359 2015-03-04T06:56:19Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1997 277-9A Agadez mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Agadez</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Agadez''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Agadez]] muri [[Nigeri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nigeri]] pvyjseadn969uy9mc3sir9p3niyhpb6 14 5105 67544 63984 2013-04-02T19:02:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642134]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Nigeri]] lv7yr2xw0g3j87t3npa0c03p97r4gn3 0 5106 77052 75142 2021-08-05T08:59:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Niamey Grande Mosquée (4832863260).jpg|thumb|''Grande Mosquée'']] '''Umusigiti wa Niamey''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Grande Mosquée'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Niamey]] muri [[Nigeri]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Nigeri]] okv2l1n0hbrg4n6kzcqnb0luybb8rim 0 5107 76487 66358 2021-07-26T21:15:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Niamey night.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Niamey</font>]] '''Niamey''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Nigeri]]. [[Dosiye:Echangeur_a_Niamey_la_Nuit.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Niamey</font>]] [[Category:Nigeri]] [[Category:Imirwa]] hvxsc0sv51p7eub6ib737lof6pxfjdx 14 5108 78623 78355 2021-08-25T18:44:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] # [[Umusigiti wa National Abuja (National Mosque Abuja)]] [[Dosiye:Nigerian_National_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Nigerian National Mosque]] # [[Umusigiti wa Central Abuja (Central Mosque Abuja]] # [[Umusigiti wa AHLUSSUNNAH TILDEN FULANI NIGERIA-Ponoramio]] # [[Umusigiti wa Shitta-bey]] # [[Umusigiti wa Gombe Central Nigeria-Ponoramio]] # [[Umusigiti wa Akure]] Central Nigeria # [[Musigiti wa Grand Abuja|Umusigiti wa Grand Abuja ( Grand Mosque abuja)]] # [[Umusigiti wa Sultan bello]] # [[umusigiti wa Abeokuta]][[Dosiye:Abeokuta_mosque.jpg|thumb|Abeokuta mosque]] # [[Umusigiti wa Falomo Police Lagos Nigeria]] # [[Umusigiti wa Gwanki (Gwanki central mosque)]] # [[Umusigiti wa Osagbo (Osogbo central mosque)|Umusigiti wa Osagbo (Osagbo central mosque)]] # [[Umusigiti wa Jos Nijeriya-Panoramio]][[Dosiye:CENTRAL_MOSQUE_JOS_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|CENTRAL MOSQUE JOS NIGERIA - panoramio]] # [[Umusigiti wa Dikwa]] # [[Umusigiti wa Zaria]] # [[Umusigiti wa Bashir Uthman Tofa in Gandun]] # [[Umusigiti wa Ikenne]] # [[Umusigiti wa university of llorin]] # [[Umusigiti wa Lagos]] # [[Umusigiti wa Auchi]] # [[Umusigiti wa Arafat Auchi|Umusigiti wa Arafat Aushi]] # [[Umusigiti wa mbere w'ubatswe mu igiturage cya Idoa]] # [[Umusigiti umaze ukuze cyane muri Nijeriya]] # [[Umusigiti wa Zazzau]] # [[Umusigiti wa UNIBADAN -Panoramio]] # [[Umusigiti wa Bebeji]] # [[Umusigiti wa Albani Zaria]] # [[Umusigiti wa Zazzau Emirate]] # [[Umusigiti wa Ibadan]] # [[Umusigiti wa Sheikh saban Memorial SMC]] # [[Umusigiti wa Oshogbo]] # [[Umusigiti wa Gbagura]] # [[Umusigiti mushya wa Buk]] # [[Umusigiti wa Oba salawu Aminu|Umusigiti wa Oba salowu Amin]] # [[Umusigiti wa Isiyaka Rabi'u]] # [[Umusigiti wa Ouakam-de la divinite]] # [[Gidan Makama Museum Mosque]] # [[Umusigiti wa Garki International]] # [[Umusigiti wa Abuja Banner]] # [[Umusigiti wa Abuja Collage]] # [[Umusigiti wa Housa Muslims Praying]] #[[Umusigiti wa Unilorin central Mosque]] #[[Umusigiti wa Oluwole Ogba Central Mosque]] #[[Umusigiti wa Muhammadu Zakari kano state]] #[[Umusigiti wa Gadon kaya,kano]] #[[Umusigiti wa Fanisau Ancient mosque]] # # fpoxk1cslr4sqsdgxfxakhaqnd7hnd5 14 5109 67542 63963 2013-04-02T19:02:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481502]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Omani]] 3546vqed015wm2lfpmyaf4qm8hi8qk4 14 5110 67564 57546 2013-04-02T19:03:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 21 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028292]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Pakisitani]] jcc89sgop3yrz8wlfrmwkfge8njy8ou 0 5111 78080 77771 2021-08-20T11:41:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MohabbatKhanMosque.png|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mohabbat Khan ]] [[Dosiye:Mohabbat_Khan_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Mohabbat Khan Mosque]] [[Dosiye:Mohabbat_Khan_Mosque,_Peshawar.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mohabbat Khan]] '''Umusigiti wa Mohabbat Khan''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''موحبّت خان مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Peshawar]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] 4mqy61c8ulyazu2orf2064osljfy4wm 0 5112 78116 78083 2021-08-21T03:16:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minaret of WK Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Wazir Khan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Wazir_Khan_Mosque_Damn_Cruze_2018.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Wazir Khan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Wazir Khan Mosque 2018.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Wazir Khan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Wazir Khan''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''مسجد وزیر خان''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Lahore]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] b3yw3280go33stauo2c025b37di3dnh 0 5113 78078 77489 2021-08-20T11:36:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BHONG MOSQUE.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bhong''']] [[Dosiye:Bhong Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bhong''']] [[Dosiye:Bhong_Mosque_02.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bhong''']] '''Umusigiti wa Bhong''' (izina mu [[cyuridu]]: '''بھونگ مسجد''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bhong]] muri [[Pakisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Pakisitani]] 2s8sd27xw0u7z563rgknvgsor8f5yxl 0 5114 77062 69517 2021-08-05T11:15:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Taluksangay Mosque historical marker.jpg|thumb|''Taluksangay Mosque'']] '''Umusigiti wa Taluksangay''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Taluksangay Mosque''; izina mu [[gitagaloge]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Zamboanga]] muri [[Filipine]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Filipine]] 085xkcefekyqcgzc31ki0w9tgy35y97 14 5115 67562 21718 2013-04-02T19:03:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642230]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Filipine]] s368b9v8nfftibw614tjf5we534se7m 14 5116 66456 63380 2013-03-11T11:11:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1455963]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5117 83807 81321 2022-05-18T13:09:52Z Herrikez 10513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lisbon Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lisbon</font>]] [[Dosiye:Lisboa, Mesquita Central de Lisboa.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Lisbon]] '''Umusigiti wa Lisbon''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]]: ''Mesquita Central de Lisboa'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Lisbon]] muri [[Porutigali]]. Yubatswe mu 1985 kandi yateguwe na António Maria Braga na João Paulo Conceição [[Dosiye:Mesquita_Central_de_Lisboa_-_Portugal_(49257892166).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Lisbon]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Porutigali]] gxci7gv2j0w9jqagym4gww422k2eldl 14 5118 67565 63983 2013-04-02T19:03:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8944936]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Porutigali]] ifwgmcbz79j447qfqi0cgwndoe2toqq 14 5119 67755 62483 2013-04-13T09:20:52Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7083480]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 5120 78962 77664 2021-08-30T06:51:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flickr - omar chatriwala - Cordoba's Mezquita.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Qatar1]] '''Umusigiti wa Katari''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''قطر‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Doha]] muri [[Katari]]. [[Dosiye:Dilapidated_mosque_in_Al_Jumail_Qatar.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wangiritse muri Katari]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Katari]] 5p0odegmxmyxyae2hgtcub55l2taw91 14 5121 67583 63977 2013-04-02T19:04:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642154]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Katari]] 57lahr4az37dw1nsx6yfzyd0bc77ecs 0 5122 81708 73202 2022-01-31T11:31:39Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Doha montage.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Doha</span>]] [[File:QA-01.svg|thumb|100px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Doha</span>]] '''Doha''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''الدوحة‎''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Katari]]. [[File:Msheireb_Doha.jpg|thumb|Msheireb Doha]] [[File:View_of_the_Onaiza_area_of_Doha_at_night.jpg|thumb|View of the Onaiza area of Doha at night]] [[File:Souq_Waqif,_Doha,_Catar,_2013-08-05,_DD_107.JPG|thumb|Souq Waqif, Doha, Catar, 2013-08-05, DD 107]] [[Category:Katari]] [[Category:Imirwa]] aiwy4dh8483jjsp2k56u0d911cke8vz 14 5123 67699 62488 2013-04-10T18:58:50Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9621621]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Romaniya]] 74h360rwhnz4yfzy2o8bzr65dwpupcl 0 5124 78546 78544 2021-08-25T03:26:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moscheea Carol I, Constanta.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa w’Umwami Karoli wa I</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moscheea Carol I din Constanța.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'umwami Karoli wa I]] [[Dosiye:Constanta Moschee.JPG|thumb|umusigiti w'Umwami Karoli wa I]] '''Umusigiti wa w’Umwami Karoli wa I''' (izina mu [[kinyarumaniya]]: ''Marea Moschee din Constanța'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Constanța]] muri [[Romaniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Romaniya]] 4ccvfj4p5f6vntkzpwq5zhle1lrxw5e 14 5125 67582 59303 2013-04-02T19:04:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9028299]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Arabiya Sawudite]] nghpwp6vzk8x6eqxcpttmzvao5m4ti2 0 5126 77657 77656 2021-08-14T19:36:16Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jawatha.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Jawatha]] [[Dosiye:Jawatha Mosque 1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Jawatha''']] [[Dosiye:Jawatha1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Jawatha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Jawatha''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد جواثا''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Al-Ahsa]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] ibblvaf5wyql66e870nfecgzx4z8x9u 0 5127 78549 78548 2021-08-25T03:32:50Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:King Saud Mosque2 (16).jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti wa w’Umwami Sawud''']] [[Dosiye:The Palm Mosque at King Saud University, Riyadh by Dr. Basil Al Bayati.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w'Umwami Sawudi]] '''Umusigiti wa w’Umwami Sawudi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الملك سعود''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jeddah]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] n0cc199zhebmandveya9dj2asp26q7u 0 5128 76661 69335 2021-07-30T20:32:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kaaba mirror edit jj.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Haram</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid_al-Haram_1969.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa</font> Masjid al-Haram ]] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Haram''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد الحرام‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Makka]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] 4h9eqonpnx318dre9r4qm0359fhoq5g 0 5129 76662 69338 2021-07-30T20:37:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid al-Qiblatain.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Qiblatain</font>]] [[File:Al-Qiblatin Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Qiblatain</font>]] [[Dosiye:MQiblat_091109-0115.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Qiblatain</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Qiblatain''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد القبلتين''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Medina]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] 2ogydm464y52uwzgmc4otwg8qxdopae 0 5130 69337 68812 2015-03-04T08:25:12Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Insidemasjedolnabi4.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Nabawi</font>]] [[File:Madina_Haram_at_evening.jpg|thumb|600px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Nabawi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Nabawi''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''المسجد النبوي‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Medina]] muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Arabiya Sawudite]] k0v8sgl0pbw9m8bc49i15jjing1y4ye 14 5131 78775 67701 2021-08-27T06:23:22Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Senegali]] * [[Umusigiti wa Fasskahone]] * [[Umusigiti wa Refane]] * [[Umusigiti wa Ndoussoudji]] * [[Umusigiti wa ToubabDialaw]] * [[Umusigiti wa Serigne Babacar Sy]] * [[Umusigiti wa Plage]] * [[Umusigiti wa SaintLouis]][[Dosiye:Saintlouis_mosquée.jpg|thumb|Saintlouis mosquée]] * [[Umusigiti wa MbourSaly]] * [[Umusigiti wa Al Masjid]][[Dosiye:Al_Masjid.png|thumb|Al Masjid]] 3paunbcx20gdo5cvj739zp78k7km42u 0 5132 69276 66261 2015-03-04T06:38:12Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OuakamMosquée.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Divinité</font>]] [[File:Senegal Grande Mosquee de Ouakam 800x600.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Divinité</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Divinité''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''Mosquée de la Divinité'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ouakam]] muri [[Senegali]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Senegali]] fjw2flviaxn9rerg7c5ilkc1zto0rm2 14 5133 67526 58116 2013-04-02T19:01:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642176]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Seribiya]] n3tcw8u43swwko8q5ab92a5rf75dlal 0 5134 77652 69379 2021-08-14T19:27:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Islamagina dzamija u Nisu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Islam Aga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Џамија у Ул. Станка Пауновића (Генерала Милојка Лешјанина)2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Islam Aga]] '''Umusigiti wa Islam Aga''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Ислам-агина џамија'' cyangwa ''Хадровић џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nish]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] 7iull3ahmafqbhd0366q0llnbf9c8kt 0 5135 78605 69478 2021-08-25T12:03:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Batal-dzamija.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Batal</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Batal''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Батал џамија'' cyangwa ''Ејнехан-бегова џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Belgrade]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Dosiye:Mosque_and_Tomb,_Seyit_Battal_Gazi_Külliyesi.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Batal]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] qmjbn9pjek6as4klonre49l2srrskna 0 5136 78113 78112 2021-08-21T03:10:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Turbe dzamija.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Turbe</font>]] [[Dosiye:Turbe Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Turbe''']] [[Dosiye:Vlasic Turbe View.jpg|thumb|uko '''Turbe hagaragara harimo n'umusigiti''']] '''Umusigiti wa Turbe''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Турбе џамија'' cyangwa ''Хабил ефендије џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Belgrade]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] c2hxcae4npld01vybp4d4ccw2ff114k 0 5137 78604 77478 2021-08-25T11:53:05Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bali begova dzamija2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bali Beg</font>]] [[Dosiye:Bali Bey Mosque - Niš Fortress, Niš, Serbia.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Bali Beg''']] [[Dosiye:Град_Ниш_Бали_бегова_џамија_тврђава.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bali Beg]] '''Umusigiti wa Bali Beg''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Бали-бегова џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nish]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] mwmnzrf8qpgywawe9b7n0bskygmnsih 0 5138 77590 69362 2021-08-14T04:11:11Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hasan-beg's Mosque 3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hasan Beg</font>]] [[Dosiye:Hasan-beg's Mosque 2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Hasan Beg''']] '''Umusigiti wa Hasan Beg''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Хасан-бегова џамија'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nish]] muri [[Seribiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Seribiya]] 29yvffyx240ra8e4es2p4nul94g7idc 14 5139 67525 63982 2013-04-02T19:01:44Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9056449]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Singapore]] 8yoq1yexcqj3vwja6el83pu9r8mymjb 0 5140 77427 69218 2021-08-10T02:57:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Abdul Gaffoor 6, Sep 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Abdul Gaffoor</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Abdul Gaffoor, Sep 06.JPG|thumb|umusigit wa ''Abdul Gaffoor'']] '''Umusigiti wa Abdul Gaffoor''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Abdul Gaffoor''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: ''阿都卡夫回教堂'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] gothe5nlu5e1ed5h4awbctgyx9c9sxc 0 5141 77439 69530 2021-08-10T03:14:22Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Abrar Mosque, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Abrar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Al Abrar, Beruwela.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Al-Abrar'']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Abrar''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Al-Abrar''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: ''阿尔阿布拉回教堂'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] gngp6tedhdsnucpzruv7cggzwotsz7a 0 5142 78585 69439 2021-08-25T10:04:25Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Ahmad Ibrahim facade, Yishun, Singapore - 20090526.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ahmad Ibrahim</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Ahmad Ibrahim''' [[Dosiye:Lahore_Fort,_Shahi_Mahal_01.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ahmad Ibrahim]] (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Ahmad Ibrahim'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] g99e7odol382kotg02vx2z1gxefr75o 0 5143 78586 77443 2021-08-25T10:07:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjidalansar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Ansar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Al-Ansar 2016.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al-Ansas 2016]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Ansar''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Al-Ansar'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Dosiye:Al-Ansar_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al-Ansar]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] 61y8mmm7enur23c9sl5pc1ugb4kd6nb 0 5144 78587 77109 2021-08-25T10:10:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Masjid_Jami_Al-Istiqamah_Karang_Tengah,_Maleber,_Kuningan_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al-Istiqamah Karang Tengah, Maleber, Kuningan - panoramio SINGAPORE]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Istiqamah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Al-Istiqamah'') ni [[umusigiti]] m [[Dosiye:Al-Istiqamah_Sungai_Landia_Mosque_2020_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al-Istiqamah]] uri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] 9yo58ip8dqoahtd65ri90dqeoktdiew 0 5145 77047 70269 2021-08-05T08:46:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Masjid Darul Makmur, Yishun, February 2021.jpg|thumb|''Masjid Darul Makmur'']] '''Umusigiti wa Darul Makmur''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Darul Makmur'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] pn5q4f29njzn4yjktjjnx9ss9f40kp5 0 5146 69312 66415 2015-03-04T07:07:40Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hajjah Fatimah Mosque 9, Jan 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hajjah Fatimah</font>]] [[File:Hajjah Fatimah Mosque 4, Jan 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hajjah Fatimah</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Hajjah Fatimah''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Hajjah Fatimah''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: ''哈贾•法蒂玛回教堂'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] rj5vysxrh74k5spp00cx5eghzdfj9fd 0 5147 78588 69396 2021-08-25T10:23:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jamae Mosque 3, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Jamae</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Jamae''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Jamae''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: ''詹美回教堂'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Dosiye:2016_Singapur,_Chinatown,_Meczet_Jamae_(05).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Jamae]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] enr3cyeanabfk7irqnd9bs0qdpez71j 0 5148 78589 69387 2021-08-25T10:28:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malabar Mosque 2, Jan 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Malabar</font>]] [[File:Malabar Mosque 4, Jan 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Malabar</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Malabar''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Malabar'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Dosiye:Masjid_Malabar,_Singapore_-_20101016-04.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Malabar]] [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] 0mrjcnn232fqzejnzbelgi9xsfcprdm 0 5149 77795 69450 2021-08-17T03:24:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka, Mar 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Omar Kampong Melaka</font>]] [[File:Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka 2, Mar 06.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Omar Kampong Melaka</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka, Singapore - 20100815-01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Omar Kampong Melaka''']] '''Umusigiti wa Omar Kampong Melaka''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka''; izina mu [[gishinwa]]: ''奥玛甘榜马六甲回教堂'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] ivtt3i86g3fddui83semtg78tmtnuzb 0 5150 77722 69468 2021-08-15T15:45:06Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jama_Masjid,_Delhi.jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti wa Sallim Mattar''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sallim Mattar''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Sallim Mattar'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] ndwhs6ppo2jrikkaurtluklmni62g5v 0 5151 78590 78043 2021-08-25T10:40:24Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MesjidTaha.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Taha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Dweir Taha.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Taha'']] [[Dosiye:Mosjid_kur's_side_View.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Taha]] '''Umusigiti wa Taha''' (izina mu [[kimalayi]]: ''Masjid Taha'') ni [[umusigiti]] muri [[Singapore]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Singapore]] heacafq2451uwc1mvl4prnxzsd3hp57 14 5152 66501 61511 2013-03-11T11:12:07Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 124 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368574]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5153 77658 69347 2021-08-14T19:37:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jesenice mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Jesenice]] '''Umusigiti wa Jesenice''' (izina mu [[kinyasiloveniya]]: ''Džamija Jesenice'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Jesenice]] muri [[Siloveniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siloveniya]] 9d471srjzbtz7eawy1ff8jwhrpm951r 14 5154 67705 63946 2013-04-11T05:03:27Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9706270]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Siloveniya]] 6nb2anxx06iyrg4nzxq3su118v36y9k 0 5155 77746 69247 2021-08-16T03:03:47Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mošeja-Log pod Mangartom4.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Log pod Mangartom</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mošeja-Log pod Mangartom1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Log pod Mangartom''']] '''Umusigiti wa Log pod Mangartom''' (izina mu [[kinyasiloveniya]]: ''Džamija v Logu pod Mangartom'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Log pod Mangartom]] muri [[Siloveniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Siloveniya]] 4ktotusqzz7c9lxyfryokuke9909e2u 14 5156 67577 63973 2013-04-02T19:04:19Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642179]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Somaliya]] k6bzill3u0tv24fiezc1ck19jzw3523 0 5157 77601 71856 2021-08-14T04:31:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque of Islamic Solidarity.jpeg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Isbaheysiga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Isbaheysiga Mosque in Mogadishu (2).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Isbaheysiga''']] '''Umusigiti wa Isbaheysiga''' (izina mu [[gisomali]]: ''Masjidka Isbaheysiga''; izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') i [[Mogadishu]] muri [[Somaliya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Somaliya]] j2mjlc7inx582x7ywtsqphr24cjhkt5 0 5158 77724 75147 2021-08-15T15:49:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Korea-Seoul-Itaewon-Seoul_Central_Mosque-01.jpg|thumb|Korea-Seoul-Itaewon-Seoul Central Mosque-01]] '''Umusigiti wa Seoul''' (izina mu [[gikoreya]]: '''서울 중앙 성원''') i [[Seoul]] muri [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] m8lusatqpfjsbqzv2x82apycdptcfxe 14 5159 67586 63952 2013-04-02T19:04:29Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642186]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] pf5qf37lc564rmgckzhog8np8rskzgk 14 5160 67593 61202 2013-04-02T19:04:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642190]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Esipanye]] ec1w1atdo3aahft2hg53fe68vkwtnhz 0 5161 77960 69524 2021-08-19T13:42:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Toledo, La mezquita de Bab al-Mardum-PM 65617.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bab al-Mardum</font>]] [[File:Bóveda de la mezquita Bab al-Mardum de Toledo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bab al-Mardum</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosque_of_Bab_Mardum_(Cristo_de_la_Luz),_AH_390_(1020),_Toledo_(29462089266).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bab al-Mardum</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Bab al-Mardum''' (izina mu [[cyesipanyole]]: ''Mezquita de Bab al-Mardum'' cyangwa ''Cristo de la Luz'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Toledo]] muri [[Esipanye]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Esipanye]] 8dhebahy2trmc62j9yr3eoppm1ny02u 14 5162 67594 63970 2013-04-02T19:04:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7841405]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Siri Lanka]] i2nk24iugabk118xkc92qw1ae8a00om 14 5163 67706 63975 2013-04-11T05:03:55Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9706343]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Sudani]] hbi9deqjbzcy20lwb3ms0a39fc831di 0 5164 77452 69600 2021-08-10T16:01:20Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid Al-Nilin, August 2007 - by Nick Hobgood.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Nilin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Masjed Alnileen.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Nilin''']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Nilin''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد النيلين‎''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Omdurman]] muri [[Sudani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Sudani]] 4ovi7ykzurhpy1zjc6ra9bjszvq7phq 14 5165 67319 60918 2013-03-14T05:56:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 97 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130618]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 0 5166 79004 69356 2021-08-30T12:00:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paramaribo synagogue and mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Keizerstraat</font>]] [[File:Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 20018251 De moskee van de Ahmadiyya beweging a.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Keizerstraat</font>]] [[Dosiye:Moskee,_voorgevel,_vanaf_straat_gezien_-_20651967_-_RCE.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Keizerstraat]] '''Umusigiti wa Keizerstraat''' (izina mu [[kinyaholande]]: ''Moskee Keizerstraat''; izina mu [[kinyasurinamu]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Paramaribo]] muri [[Surinamu]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Surinamu]] 06maakcb31zspo4vzelt25vodwweho8 14 5167 67320 63964 2013-03-14T05:56:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7159884]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Surinamu]] jgapqt0ov1n3hlr64i04fsa7j9rj58a 14 5168 67321 63889 2013-03-14T05:56:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 155 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368475]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5169 69463 66548 2015-03-04T09:53:02Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Generalsgatan 2A.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bellevue</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Bellevue''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Bellevuemoskén'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Gothenburg]] muri [[Suwede]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Suwede]] 0gvo3xxzvb1nxi85azbkmbc6uu4quei 14 5170 66298 63974 2013-03-11T11:07:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 9 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6166556]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Suwede]] g1595i5yqn561hs0oyyimiswpikrptd 0 5171 78558 69443 2021-08-25T06:52:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fittja Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Fittja</font>]] [[Dosiye:Fittja_moske_2012c.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Fittja]] '''Umusigiti wa Fittja''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Fittja moské'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Fittja]] muri [[Suwede]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Suwede]] q6gac9tj7a51na9mee3aluvn2phrly3 0 5172 77753 70482 2021-08-16T03:18:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moske Malmo 2014Jun17 0002-3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Malmö</font>]] [[Dosiye:Malmö Moske.jpg|thumb|umusiigiti wa Malmo]] '''Umusigiti wa Hajja Soad''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Malmö moské'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Malmö]] muri [[Suwede]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Suwede]] mhuhdand8i46ci80w4r9z27v56k83gy 0 5173 77936 77935 2021-08-19T03:21:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stockholms moské (gabbe).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Stockholm</font>]] [[Dosiye:Stockholms moske okt 2012a.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Stockholm''']] [[Dosiye:Stockholms moske okt 2012b.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Stockholm''']] '''Umusigiti wa Stockholm''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Stockholms moské'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Stockholm]] muri [[Suwede]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Suwede]] emg168cdyynhbz1z8jyjmfflb02b563 0 5174 78551 78550 2021-08-25T03:36:16Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Uppsala Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Uppsala</font>]] [[Dosiye:Uppsala Moskén 3248.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w' ''Uppsala'' ]] [[Dosiye:Uppsala Moskén 3244.jpg|thumb|umusigiti w' ''Uppsala'' ]] '''Umusigiti w’Uppsala''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Uppsala moské'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Uppsala]] muri [[Suwede]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Suwede]] 3211temkua9nfs1vz2b3e0nij6z8xs5 0 5175 77749 71000 2021-08-16T03:12:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mahmud Moschee1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Mahmood</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mahmud-Moschee November 2013.jpg|thumb|umusiigiti wa ''Mahmood'']] '''Umusigiti wa Mahmood''' (izina mu [[kidage]]: ''Mahmud-Moschee'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Zürich]] mu [[Busuwisi]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Busuwisi]] ad3p3rv8t6u7tlpt29jvc8wu4wls1wp 0 5176 21840 2011-01-22T20:47:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubusuwisi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubusuwisi]] 6zrcngfbej0o46zlblr3lw71i0vgvts 14 5177 67532 61216 2013-04-02T19:02:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 23 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642201]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Siriya]] 55b4lwofgzmu9r3ny8lx38nzzj0dipk 14 5178 67696 63996 2013-04-10T14:57:11Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9587522]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Tayiwani]] 4azxv0njrzchs1w6qeu39x0syfgq2w2 0 5179 78969 77747 2021-08-30T08:37:06Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LonggangMosque.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Longgang</font>]] [[Dosiye:Longgang Mosque 20190113.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Longgang''']] [[Dosiye:Longgang_Mosque.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Longgang]] '''Umusigiti wa Longgang''' (izina mu [[gishinwa]]: '''龍岡清真寺''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Zhongli]] muri [[Tayiwani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tayiwani|Longgang]] hzr9je5os4jvzek111qp6sdx4luluzu 0 5180 77958 77424 2021-08-19T13:25:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GreatMosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Kilwa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Great Mosque Kilwa Kisiwani Tanzania.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru i Kilwa]] [[Dosiye:Great_Mosque_of_Kilwa_Kisiwani,_11th_-_18th_cents_(24)_(28990538101).jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru i Kilwa]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Kilwa''' (izina mu [[giswayili]]: ''?''; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Great Mosque of Kilwa'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kilwa Kisiwani]] muri [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tanzaniya]] dsob0c8mafx3gfyei0vpeticzvbcm4o 14 5181 67702 63958 2013-04-10T19:02:04Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9623281]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] lamifbulvgmty113fnfopeko2hqf488 0 5182 69370 66267 2015-03-04T08:47:24Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KizimkaziMosque1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kizimkazi</font>]] [[File:KizimkaziMosque3.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kizimkazi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kizimkazi''' (izina mu [[giswayili]]: ''?''; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Kizimkazi Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Zanzibar]] muri [[Tanzaniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tanzaniya]] 7ghtxft5nfp6cwf9l3z74r0a3le84hr 14 5183 67527 63967 2013-04-02T19:01:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 6 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7237877]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Tayilande]] qi0kil7cn1tzv4zwxhuqakyw9c4y4we 0 5184 69278 66271 2015-03-04T06:38:29Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Chiang Rai Mosque1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Darunaman</font>]] [[File:Chiang Rai Mosque6.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Darunaman</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Darunaman''' (izina mu [[gitayi]]: '''มัสยิดดารุลอามาน ''' cyangwa '''มัสยิดบ้านฮ่อ''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Chiang Rai]] muri [[Tayilande]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tayilande]] iq7saz20q1hya6pmcwgjhyekc9eqdpn 14 5185 67528 61209 2013-04-02T19:01:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 16 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8268718]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Tunisiya]] c09de5t5twfngeq9nnk9iem18l4h8qn 0 5186 77588 69314 2021-08-14T04:08:26Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minaret Hammouda.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hammouda Pacha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosquee hammouda pacha.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Hammouda Pacha''']] '''Umusigiti wa Hammouda Pacha''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد حمودة باشا''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] qom7s1eip2dzq1bofj74a5iei26o1t0 0 5187 77662 69350 2021-08-14T19:47:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tunis Mosqué Kasbah.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kasbah</font>]] [[Dosiye:Kasbah Mosque 1033.jpg|thumb|umusisgiti wa '''Kasbah''']] '''Umusigiti wa Kasbah''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] 7gt9qm5em37imvqprd6gtvo6ejva9rh 0 5188 77678 69400 2021-08-15T06:19:11Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tunis Mosquée Ksar.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ksar</font>]] [[Dosiye:Archives des missions scientifiques et littéraires (1875) (19565428018).jpg|thumb|ikarita ya Ksar]] '''Umusigiti wa Ksar''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] s3yzy5gcqrpiqjwwb03ye4dxso7ilgv 0 5189 69467 66274 2015-03-04T09:53:57Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosquée Saheb Ettabaa.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Saheb Ettabaâ</font>]] [[File:Mosque - Tunis - Tunisia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Saheb Ettabaâ</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Saheb Ettabaâ''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] 9krlk9ly6f2y3gily54da0zf7i7n5k9 0 5190 77929 77928 2021-08-19T03:11:08Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sidi Mahrez Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sidi Mahrez</font>]] [[Dosiye:Sidi Mahrez Mosque (Djerba).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sidi Mahrez''']] '''Umusigiti wa Sidi Mahrez''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''جامع سيدي محرز''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. <center>[[Dosiye:Cupolas of Sidi Mehrez mosque - قباب جامع سيدي محرز - Dômes de la mosquée Sidi Mahrez.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Sidi Mahrez''']]<gallery perrow="6"> Bab Suika-Suker Square, Tunis, Tunisia, ca. 1899.jpg Mihrab Mhamed Bey.png Salle de priére Mhamed Bey.png Sidi Mehrez.ogv </gallery></center> [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] 8gv6yahsk44rv9xv3redxc10j3k4wgd 0 5191 78170 69559 2021-08-23T02:20:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Youssef Dey.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Youssef Dey</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tunis youssef dey 1890.jpg|thumb|musigiti wa youssef dey ]] '''Umusigiti wa Youssef Dey''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''?''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tunis]] muri [[Tunisiya]]. <gallery> Minaret, mosquée Youssef Dey.jpg| De moskee Becquia in Tunis.jpg| Tunisia323.jpg| Tunisia332.jpg| Tunisia334.jpg| Tunisia335.jpg| </gallery> [[Category:Imisigiti ya Tunisiya]] 9o7t6iq5rkgu91xtb1vfaxxp01j6let 14 5192 67293 61146 2013-03-14T05:55:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7144610]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Turukiya]] mlmd345h2olr09xxrgmvf0xocxrgsem 0 5193 77416 69207 2021-08-10T02:46:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DivrigiUluCami (2006).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Divriği</font>]] [[Dosiye:245 Ulu Cami.Divrigi.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru muri divirigi]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Divriği''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Divriği Ulu Cami i'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sivas]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 55idjszaozkysek7wthqqlxce4gydx9 0 5194 77665 69354 2021-08-14T19:51:33Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kazdağlı Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kazdağlı</font>]] [[Dosiye:City of Safranbolu-111685.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kazdağlı'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Kazdağlı''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Kazdağlı Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Safranbolu]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] cym9qu0siqfh6wu3ucu7wzps2b16zbv 0 5195 77420 77418 2021-08-10T02:49:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diyarbakir P1050751 20080427135832.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Diyarbakır</font>]] [[Dosiye:DİYARBAKIR ULU CAMİİ 2009 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusiigiti mukuru muri Diyarbakir 2009]] [[Dosiye:Ulu Camii Mosque, Diyarbakir - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru i Diyarbakir]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Diyarbakır''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Diyarbakır Ulu Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Diyarbakır]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] tuv7jk4wsocei35z9pz4k6jkpbjsk42 0 5196 77410 69204 2021-08-10T02:39:46Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ulucamimeyavuz2008 12 26 01.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Adana</font>]] [[Dosiye:Adana Ulu Camii 8647.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru muri adana]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Adana''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Adana Ulu Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Adana]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 2luuqpn7g8aswyedlzw3lo97aqkxlkf 0 5197 78127 78126 2021-08-21T03:33:32Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adana Yağ Mosque, 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yağ</font>]] [[Dosiye:Adana Oil Mosque 1854.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yag]] [[Dosiye:Adana Oil Mosque 1831.jpg|thumb|imbere mu musigiti wa Yag]] '''Umusigiti wa Yağ''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yağ Camii'' = <font color="grey">'Umusigiti w’Amavuta'</font>) ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Adana]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] fkuiyftewtdhsmdq5wpajnd4fih1wiq 0 5198 77586 69310 2021-08-14T04:04:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Haci Bayram Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Hacı Bayram</font>]] [[Dosiye:Hacı bayram veli camıı.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Hacı Bayram mu ijoro'']] '''Umusigiti wa Hacı Bayram''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Hacı Bayram Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ankara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 0d1u5pkcz0674240ipefole4ho75sjg 0 5199 77754 69390 2021-08-16T03:19:48Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maltepe Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Maltepe</font>]] [[Dosiye:Maltepe Camii, 2013.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Maltepe'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Maltepe''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Maltepe Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ankara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] e4gbkgcpfq2u4vk31qtfnjcee1kqg3w 0 5200 82852 78039 2022-05-04T11:18:15Z A.Savin 7961 new pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara asv2021-10 img34 Sultan Alaeddin Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Sulutani Alaeddin</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Sulutani Alaeddin''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Sultan Alaeddin Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ankara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 0cqacp9qgmphh6c6jdmit7dvtau8uko 0 5201 77414 69206 2021-08-10T02:43:53Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:71 Bursa la Grande Moschea.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti mukuru muri Bursa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Maltepe Camii, Ankara.jpg|thumb|umusigiti mukuru muri Bursa muri 1954]] '''Umusigiti mukuru muri Bursa''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Maltepe Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bursa]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] dcfno57xdp112sauvslz1lsnufjfmla 0 5202 77529 77528 2021-08-12T03:38:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edirne 5232.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Eski</font>]] [[Dosiye:Aydin Eski Yeni mosque 4761.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Eski'']] '''Umusigiti wa Eski''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Eski Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Edirne]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] lk09w39r8zrdn7vh2a3d8h0jtdo7hs9 0 5203 78184 78183 2021-08-23T02:48:08Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edirne 5218.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Üç Şerefeli</font>]] [[Dosiye:Edirne Uc Serefeli Mosque 160.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Üç Şerefeli'' ]] [[Dosiye:Edirne Uc Serefeli 6002.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Üç Şerefeli'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Üç Şerefeli''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Üç Şerefeli Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Edirne]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 8amxvt76mvuffc4kqz23bbk2b5nrlng 0 5204 69461 66477 2015-03-04T09:52:43Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5054.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bayezid wa II</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Bayezid wa II''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Bayezid Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 4z3tpwgkwn6hpllrf0nz3m0fe512bdr 0 5205 69284 66476 2015-03-04T06:39:45Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ertugrul Tekke Mosque, Istanbul 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ertuğrul Tekke</font>]] [[File:Ertugrul Tekke Mosque 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ertuğrul Tekke</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Ertuğrul Tekke''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Ertuğrul Tekke Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 50o01yyxol7dp28hjo1xpegubmx8w5v 0 5206 77536 69442 2021-08-12T03:50:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5487.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Firuz Ağa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Firuz Aga Camii, Istanbul - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Firuz Ağa''']] '''Umusigiti wa Firuz Ağa''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Firuz Ağa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] ih101911azf4xpz0r45r3eh233hlrh2 0 5207 77585 69309 2021-08-14T04:03:15Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GülMosque20071011 04.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Gül</font>]] [[Dosiye:Gül Camii West.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Gül'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Gül''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Gül Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 7mqa6i2ijdfzua3dhllpjcyopo9vq8c 0 5208 77681 73300 2021-08-15T06:23:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 4930.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kılıç Ali Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tophane Çeşmesi, arkada Kılıç Ali Paşa Camii - Nisan 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kılıç Ali Paşa'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Kılıç Ali Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Kılıç Ali Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 80u8dbmxez4nxzzj7088qshp2n3qifl 0 5209 77680 69238 2021-08-15T06:22:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5460.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Küçük Mecidiye</font>]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul 5461.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Küçük Mecidiye''']] '''Umusigiti wa Küçük Mecidiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Küçük Mecidiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] ey2m251rw3341l858x84zc134dzeohr 0 5210 69393 66313 2015-03-04T08:53:48Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5430.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Molla Çelebi</font>]] [[File:İstanbul 5435.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Molla Çelebi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Molla Çelebi''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Molla Çelebi Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 197y9nzuejdl01ch5cetl6pkga90rxk 0 5211 82582 77803 2022-04-27T01:36:50Z A.Savin 7961 new pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul asv2021-11 img28 Aksaray PVS Mosque.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Pertevniyal Valide Sultan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Istanbul asv2021-11 img29 Aksaray PVS Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Pertevniyal Valide Sultan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Pertevniyal Valide Sultan''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] g24scrwcjf8zra9qajuc5wuui6vjx37 0 5212 77869 69460 2021-08-18T03:11:05Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rum Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Üsküdar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Rum Mehmed Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:Rumi Mehmet Pasha Camii 6273.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Rum Mehmet Pasha'']] '''Umusigiti wa Rum Mehmed Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Rum Mehmet Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] kycbxas8gepni2ma6jd5ldnpxane3g7 0 5213 69465 66454 2015-03-04T09:53:33Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rustem Pasha Mosque.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Rüstem Pasha</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Rüstem Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Rüstem Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. == Amafoto == <gallery> DSC04137a Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04138 Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04139 Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04149 Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04153 Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04157 Istanbul - Rüstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg DSC04142 Istanbul - Rstem Pasha camii - Foto G. Dall'Orto 26-5-2006.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] sig1pihitjpubourzocllzv26f655qq 0 5214 78185 69588 2021-08-23T02:48:57Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sakirin cami dıs gorunum.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şakirin</font>]] [[File:Sakirin mihrap.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şakirin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Şakirin Camii Üsküdar.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Şakirin'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Şakirin''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Şakirin Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 2ix3klwguddl9fjdfrsaq3wy528eyu6 0 5215 69585 66369 2015-03-04T11:46:23Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SehzadeMosqueExterior.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şehzade</font>]] [[File:İstanbul 5036.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şehzade</font>]] [[File:SehzadeMosqueInterior.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şehzade</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Şehzade''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Şehzade Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 7mha8l1gmmlocv5l5w886hj88rp11jl 0 5216 78187 78186 2021-08-23T02:51:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Şemsi Pasha Mosque, Üsküdar.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Şemsi Pasha</font>]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Şemsi Paşa (Kuşkonmaz) Camii, Üsküdar r4 - Şub 2013.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Şemsi Paşa'' ]] [[Dosiye:İstanbul - Şemsi Paşa (Kuşkonmaz) Camii, Üsküdar r2 - Şub 2013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Şemsi Paşa'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Şemsi Pasha''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Şemsi Paşa Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 6i05yu7k0r6ismb94ja433htx1j4tq5 0 5217 77497 69251 2021-08-11T03:30:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Burmalı Mescit Camii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Burmali Minare</font>]] [[Dosiye:Burmalı Minare Camii.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Burmalı Minare'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Burmali Minare''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Burmalı Mescit Camii'' cyangwa ''Burmalı Minare Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] jao28xqqr94ioutaiqv6w6mqx9wvj4u 0 5218 78052 78051 2021-08-20T03:33:11Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Teskmosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Teşvikiye</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tesvikiye Mosque, Istanbul 11.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Teşvikiye'' ]] [[Dosiye:Tesvikiye Mosque, Istanbul 08.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Teşvikiye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Teşvikiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Teşvikiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] oucfuie6aqubi7h3q78n7rl2t0zdbw1 0 5219 69593 66375 2015-03-04T11:53:58Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İstanbul 5070.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeni Valide</font>]] [[File:Yeni Valide Mosque Uskudar interior dome.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yeni Valide</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Yeni Valide''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yeni Valide Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] e5w9hlp8fisw86itkps95t8zmtupexq 0 5220 78173 78172 2021-08-23T02:25:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque, Istanbul 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yıldız Hamidiye</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque, Istanbul 12.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Yıldız Hamidiye'' ]] [[Dosiye:Yildiz Hamidiye Mosque, Istanbul 06.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Yıldız Hamidiye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Yıldız Hamidiye''' (izina mu [[gituruki]]: ''Yıldız Hamidiye Camii'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukiya]] 5fno3teyxac2ng8l87x5af9ahg1g5kf 14 5221 67514 63966 2013-04-02T19:01:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7479514]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Turukimenisitani]] 4fm6nl1qvqi1lx4yqlslbyuciss80pj 0 5222 78992 77048 2021-08-30T10:18:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Murli Deora visiting Gypjak Mosque, Ashgabat the biggest mosque in Central Asia on the occasion of India, Afghanistan, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|''Gypjak metjidi'']] [[Dosiye:The_history_of_the_world;_a_survey_of_a_man's_record_(1902)_(14764999291).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Kipchak]] '''Umusigiti wa Kipchak''' (izina mu [[giturukimeni]]: ''Gypjak metjidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ashgabat]] muri [[Turukimenisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Turukimenisitani]] afnf9y28pb5b7c07nm855mg6j85ot6h 14 5223 67529 63985 2013-04-02T19:01:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642212]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubugande]] omt7aaubx4kbve37t1lwf9f661cecf0 14 5224 67531 63976 2013-04-02T19:01:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481516]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] 2tp7zz1pgglhuby9kzvs9s3bl8npnx3 14 5225 67530 60869 2013-04-02T19:01:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481511]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ubwongereza]] 5jyr2eqfoa0o5qigzdrrvly57863m1e 0 5226 78040 69514 2021-08-20T03:16:13Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Swansea mosque aerial.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Swansea</font>]] [[Dosiye:MosgAbertawe-SwanseaMosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Swansea'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Swansea''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Swansea Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Wales]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 80nqk4eyv7arl7hq8sl9h4qjald1yju 0 5227 78218 77537 2021-08-23T15:41:20Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wfm glasgow central mosque front.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Glasgow</font>]] [[Dosiye:Glasgow Central Mosque Dome.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Glasgow'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Glasgow''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Glasgow Central Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Glasgow]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Dosiye:Glasgow_Central_Mosque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1108668.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Glasgow]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] lltj58cqjhzd9na26jy6z80y45bpl0n 0 5228 78206 77448 2021-08-23T15:11:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al Mahdi Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Mahdi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Al Mahdi Mosque, Bradford (21546532755).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Al Mahdi]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Mahdi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Al Mahdi Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Bradford]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Dosiye:Al-Mahdi_Mosque,_Sana'a_(2286844096).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al-Mahdi]] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] akt6djjswgvwnk8zvyoo6vwb1wle4c0 0 5229 78207 77454 2021-08-23T15:13:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Al-Rahma Mosque, Liverpool.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Al-Rahma</font>]] [[Dosiye:Al-Rahma Mosque, Liverpool (2).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Al-Rahma'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Rahma''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Al-Rahma Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Liverpool]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Dosiye:Al-Rahma_Mosque_Plaque.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Al-Rahma'']] [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 2p69y7ches64lxo9jq04rhv6c74nhp2 0 5230 78210 77492 2021-08-23T15:22:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Birmingham Central Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Birmingham</font>]] [[Dosiye:Five Ways skyline and Birmingham Central Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Birmingham'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Birmingh''' [[Dosiye:Birmingham_Central_Mosque_dome.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Birmingham]] '''am''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Birmingham Central Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Birmingham]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 1o25867ya14fw43nd87cren56ymuysw 0 5231 77493 69254 2021-08-11T03:25:08Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Blackpool Central Mosque 247.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Blackpool</font>]] [[Dosiye:Blackpool Central Mosque - geograph.org.uk - 1638053.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Blackpool'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Blackpool''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Blackpool Central Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Blackpool]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] jl4g6h42icif0kzaq46r7elg8d0gajx 0 5232 77518 69261 2021-08-12T03:17:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Darul Barakat.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Darul Barakaat</font>]] [[Dosiye:DarulBarakaat.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Darul Barakaat'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Darul Barakaat''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Darul Barakaat Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Birmingham]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] hyc7bsa7akak3txx9mnpuppvgsayg27 0 5233 77760 69342 2021-08-16T03:28:51Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Medina Mosque 09-12-06.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Medina</font>]] [[Dosiye:Medina Mosque Chandelier.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Medina'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Medina''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Medina Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Sheffield]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] fzjsaw1r00edlmi5p0rqy4h2jr8sqea 0 5234 77885 77884 2021-08-18T03:35:48Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shah Jahan Mosque TQ0159 214.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Shah Jahan</font>]] [[Dosiye:PK Thatta asv2020-02 img08 Shah Jahan Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Shah Jahan'' ]] [[Dosiye:Shah Jahan Mosque, Oriental Road, Maybury, Woking (June 2015) (5).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Shah Jahan'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Shah Jahan''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Shah Jahan Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Woking]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] jrwdm30zzcfqysfpypzdshifbf2edh8 0 5235 77938 77937 2021-08-19T03:23:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Suleymaniye Mosque London, E2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Suleymaniye </font>]] [[Dosiye:Süleymaniye Mosque February 2013 04.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Suleymaniye'' ]] [[Dosiye:Süleymaniye - Haupteingang.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Suleymaniye'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Suleymaniye''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Suleymaniye Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[London]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] 49la44frk9kuycfa568v97pehkbgeuk 14 5236 67540 61379 2013-04-02T19:02:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 44 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8391712]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abahanzi]] 0rkr5jhisa2zlthoz632lqzgtaxu747 14 5237 67541 61203 2013-04-02T19:02:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642238]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] gz0wj5u0jk7ldj2px75e8pfyu8gmoub 0 5238 77759 69336 2021-08-16T03:27:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Masjid al-Ikhlas, Newburgh, NY.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Ikhlas</font>]] [[Dosiye:Al-Ikhlas Grand Mosque, Kuta Blang; July 2020 (05).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Masjid al-Ikhlas'']] '''Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Ikhlas''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Masjid al-Ikhlas'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Newburgh]] ya [[Leta New York]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] g2sh7dy8kt9ylla1qhskycp1ie2h4zc 0 5239 78117 77725 2021-08-21T03:18:20Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Córdoba_(14007941142).jpg|thumb|'''Umusigiti wa Williamsburg''']] [[Dosiye:Masjid Abdul Aziz Islamic Center of Williamsburg.JPG|thumb|umusiti wa ''Williamsburg'' ]] '''Umusigiti wa Williamsburg''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Williamsburg Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Williamsburg]] ya [[leta ya Virginia]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] gipuorblo3g44a7m0fcngtnezf9ljwe 14 5240 67299 63578 2013-03-14T05:55:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7087982]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 5241 69257 69045 2015-03-04T06:27:47Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque Bibi Khanum (2).JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bibi-Khanym</font>]] [[File:Mosque Bibi Khanum (4).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Bibi-Khanym</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Bibi-Khanym''' (izina mu [[cyuzubeka]]: ''Bibi-Xonum machiti'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Samarkand]] muri [[Uzubekisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Uzubekisitani]] q8ehm5rqyn7spvw5m6cv20xtkr5qr4a 14 5242 67554 56034 2013-04-02T19:03:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 9 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481521]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Uzubekisitani]] fx1p0svkt5egdmm8c6k3ox52f206vjl 0 5243 77670 69361 2021-08-15T04:06:36Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Khonakhan Mosque, Margilan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Khonakhan</font>]] [[Dosiye:Khonakhan Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Khonakhan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Khonakhan''' (izina mu [[cyuzubeka]]: ''?'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Margilan]] muri [[Uzubekisitani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Uzubekisitani]] mispzifwxhrwrib5kjji0lxwnhft0ii 14 5244 67561 63957 2013-04-02T19:03:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8642214]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Venezuwela]] 7qmvzdf37c47meh3gzmxg2yae1auhy5 14 5245 67704 63991 2013-04-11T05:01:28Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9705439]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Yemeni]] cv0y9krl6ceexc4qzzileanalo0lz2k 14 5246 66392 62680 2013-03-11T11:09:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 100 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5646628]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukirisitu]] dvlg7dotsmj16vyy0c6og2wm0yz1eam 10 5247 22163 22086 2011-01-24T00:26:25Z Kmoksy 1196 wikitext text/x-wiki <center>{{Navbox |name = Imisigiti ya Misiri |title = '''[[Imisigiti ya Misiri]]''' |titlestyle = background:#0E9929; |imageleft = [[Image:Al Azhar1.jpg|80px]] |list1 = [[Umusigiti wa Abu al-Hajjaj|Abu al-Hajjaj]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Azhar|Al-Azhar]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Hakim|Al-Hakim]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Hussein|Al-Hussein]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Rifayi|Al-Rifayi]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i|Al-Salih Tala’i]] • [[Umusigiti wa Amr ibn al-As|Amr ibn al-As]] • [[Umusigiti wa Aqsunqur|Aqsunqur]] • [[Umusigiti wa El-Mursi Abul Abbas|El-Mursi Abul Abbas]] • [[Umusigiti wa Ibn Tulun|Ibn Tulun]] • [[Umusigiti wa Muhammad Ali|Muhammad Ali]] • [[Imisigiti ya Salar na Sangar al-Gawali |Salar na Sangar al-Gawali]] • [[Umusigiti wa Sulutani Hassan|Sulutani Hassan]] • [[Umusigiti wa Al-Nasir Muhammad|Al-Nasir Muhammad ]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] [[Category:Template]] </noinclude> 505nmqe7bspv1fixrg38gfyhmqkmm16 0 5248 77456 77455 2021-08-10T16:19:53Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Salih Talai mosque from above2.jpg|thumb|umusiigiti wa '''Al-Salih Tala’i urebeye hejuru''']] [[Dosiye:Cairo, moschea di as-salih talai, 02.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Al-Salih Tala’i''']] '''Umusigiti wa Al-Salih Tala’i''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''مسجد الصالح طلائع''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Cairo]] muri [[Misiri]]. {{Imisigiti ya Misiri}} [[Category:Imisigiti ya Misiri]] qe9vxq0aergn9o5jdqxcnceszzsc7vf 0 5251 22138 2011-01-23T22:40:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Agnes Matilda Kalibata]] 1utodu1ht55jbe1e9dqycaxrzi7b1b8 0 5252 77160 70542 2021-08-08T03:11:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jatropha curcas1 henning.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikivurahinda</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jatropha gossypifolia 8171.jpg|thumb|''Jatropha'']] '''Ikivurahinda''' cyangwa '''Icyomoro''' , '''Jatrofa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Jatropha'' ) Aya mavuta akorwa muri [[moringa]], ikivurahinda (jatrofa) n’amamesa afite umwihariko wo kutanduza ikirere, kuko atagira ibyotsi by’ umukara bizwi kuri [[mazutu]] ikomoka kuri ''petrole'' icukurwa.<ref>[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=51&cat=15&storyid=1611 Tuyishime Jean de Dieu, ''Amakoperative arasabwa umusaruro ku ngufu za biodiesel'']</ref> Amavuta y’igihingwa cy’ikivurahinda yageragejwe bwa mbere ku ndege yo muri [[Nuveli Zelande]]. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibimera]] 0ht0ypp6ittx7s4ypblx17xkvr2qful 0 5253 22150 2011-01-23T23:33:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivurahinda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivurahinda]] 5jf4169fwmu3sljd0phk60nsnaihlf1 0 5254 22151 2011-01-23T23:33:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivurahinda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivurahinda]] 5jf4169fwmu3sljd0phk60nsnaihlf1 0 5255 22155 2011-01-23T23:39:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivurahinda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivurahinda]] 5jf4169fwmu3sljd0phk60nsnaihlf1 14 5256 66464 63575 2013-03-11T11:11:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3740]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedia]] 925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7 0 5259 22197 2011-01-24T11:09:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Arabiya Sawudite]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arabiya Sawudite]] msub5tn2e6tmmpopptvx2tgqipxtuo7 0 5263 78829 66319 2021-08-27T11:07:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Le Caire mosquée Al-Husayn.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Huseni i Caire muri Misiri</font>]] [[Dosiye:عزاداری_شیعیان_در_ماه_محرم_07.jpg|thumb|Imamu Huseni]] '''Imamu Huseni''' cyangwa '''Imamu Husseni''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب‎ ''' ; 8 Mutarama 626 &ndash; 10 Ukwakira 680) [[Category:Ubushiya]] hfmly0hrzp7kjhd0pzarww83t2d9o70 0 5266 22239 2011-01-24T15:30:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Imamu Huseni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imamu Huseni]] csfktdg5czpza7993dmvipnlto9lvj5 14 5272 66535 64382 2013-03-11T11:13:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6434591]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Islam]] oew9bf4xycs9684mf3s7hljf1zcy4xs 0 5273 76931 66327 2021-08-04T01:31:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Church of St Eustace, Chapel of the Virgin Mary, Paris, France - Diliff.jpg|center|thumb]] '''Gutanga amaturo''' cyangwa '''Zakat''' (izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''زكاة‎''') bisobanuye ituro ryoroheje rikuwe mu mitungo y'abashoboye rigahabwa abakene, iryo turo rikaba risukura imitungo y'abakire rigatuma igira imigisha y'Imana rikaba n'ikiraro gihuza abakire n'abakene bigatuma babana bishimanye ntanzangano n'ishyari cyangwa ubugambanyi [[Category:Islam]] jiqg53tz8byr1dnzdxeclntgcq2u50v 0 5274 22283 2011-01-24T17:52:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gutanga amaturo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gutanga amaturo]] hidvdotcf4s5mv0qtbznfg4qnncfxda 0 5275 66431 62737 2013-03-11T11:10:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 34 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q36928]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ugaritic-alphabet-chart.svg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Alfabeti y’Icyugaritike </font>]] Ururimi rw’'''Icyugaritike''' ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa kera zo [[Siriya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''uga'''. [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasemiti]] cijbvv96ej6ypk9f5kgv79mj3nr1c72 0 5276 77298 77165 2021-08-09T20:10:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grant Park, Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos, 2012-10-20, DD 03.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|americ]] [[Dosiye:Young Black Dog, Osage, from the American Indian Chiefs series (N36) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes MET DP838947.jpg|thumb|''Wazhazhe'']] '''Icyoseje''' (izina mu cyoseje : ''Wazhazhe'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Oklahoma]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''osa'''. == Alfabeti y’Icyoseje == *http://www.omniglot.com/writing/osage.php == Amagambo n’interuro mu cyoseje == * '''wak'o''' &ndash; umugore * '''nikka''' &ndash; umugabo * '''shoⁿke ''' &ndash; imbwa * '''kkawa''' &ndash; ifarashi * '''ho''' &ndash; ifi * '''ni''' &ndash; amata * '''Mi''' &ndash; Izuba * '''Mihoⁿtoⁿ''' &ndash; Ukwezi == Imibare == * '''wiⁿxtsi''' – rimwe * '''thoⁿpa''' – kabiri * '''thabriⁿ''' – gatatu * '''topa''' – kane * '''satta''' – gatanu == Imiyoboro == *http://www.osagetribe.com/language/welcome_sub_page.aspx?subpage_id=1 *https://web.archive.org/web/20110207101727/http://hello-oklahoma.benjaminbruce.com/osage.htm *http://osagenews.org/ *http://www.native-languages.org/osage_words.htm *Carolyn Quintero, Osage Grammar, 2004 [[Category:Indimi]] 7no4kqy2anomwjq4eqpghv86rlblxeb 0 5277 77300 66433 2021-08-09T20:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Choctaw USC2000 PHS.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Igicokitawu</font>]] Ururimi rwa '''Igicokitawu''' (izina mu gicokitawu : ''Chahta anumpa'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Oklahoma]] na [[Mississippi]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''cho'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igicokitawu == [[File:Choctaw Alphabet3.png|thumb|450px|<font color="grey">Achʊfa </font>]] [[File:Choctaw Alphabet2.png|thumb|450px|<font color="grey">Tuchina</font>]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Amagambo n’interuro mu gicokitawu == * '''Chi hohchifo yat nanta?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Sa hohchifo yat ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''ofi''' &ndash; imbwa * '''issoba/soba''' &ndash; ifarashi * '''Hʊshi''' &ndash; Izuba == Imibare == * '''achoffa''' – rimwe * '''toklo''' – kabiri * '''tochchína''' – gatatu * '''oshta''' – kane * '''talhlhapi''' – gatanu * '''hannali''' – gatandatu * '''otoklo''' – karindwi * '''otochchina''' – umunani * '''chakkali''' – icyenda * '''pokkoli''' – icumi * '''awahachoffa''' – cumi na rimwe * '''awahtoklo''' – cumi na kaviri * '''awahtochchina''' – cumi na gatatu * '''awahoshta''' – cumi na kane * '''awahtalhlhapi''' – cumi na gatanu * '''awahhannali''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''awahotoklo''' – cumi na karindwi * '''awahuntochchina''' – cumi n’umunani * '''abichakkali''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''pokkoli toklo''' – makumyabiri == Wikipediya mu gicokitawu == *http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/cho == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.choctaw.org/ Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians] *[http://www.choctawnation.com/ Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060413121126/http://www.albany.edu/anthro/fac/broadwell/choctawsketch2.pdf Choctaw] [[Category:Indimi]] t7vvnn2pmjx9obc4h4s475un4zr78x4 0 5278 66491 61642 2013-03-11T11:12:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 34 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q36280]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alphabet marshallais.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] '''Ikimarishali''' (izina mu kimarishali : ''Kajin M̧ajeļ'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Ibirwa bya Marishali]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''mah'''. == Alfabeti y’ikimarishali == Ikimarishali kigizwe n’inyuguti 24 : '''a ā b d e i j k l l‌̧ m m̧ n n‌̧ n̄ o o̧ ō p r t u ū w''' :inyajwi 9 : '''a ā e i o o̧ ō u ū''' :indagi 15 : '''b d j k l l‌̧ m m̧ n n‌̧ n̄p r t w''' {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;" align="center" |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ā]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ļ|L‌̧]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M̧]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ņ|N‌̧]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N̄]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O̧]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ō]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ū]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="24" | |- | a || ā || b || d || e || i || j || k || l || l‌̧ || m || m̧ || n || n‌̧ || n̄ || o || o̧ || ō || p || r || t || u || ū || w |} == Amagambo n'interuro mu kimarishali == * '''Etam?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Eta in ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Kwo jela ke kajin Pälle?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Aet''' – Yego * '''Jaab''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''juon''' – rimwe * '''ruo''' – kabiri * '''jilu''' – gatatu * '''emān''' – kane * '''l‌̧alem''' – gatanu * '''jiljino''' – gatandatu * '''jimjuon''' – karindwi * '''ralitōk''' – umunani * '''ratimjuon''' – icyenda * '''jon̄oul''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu kimarishali == *http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/mh [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyawositoroneziya]] jty84ny0srx0uxsaqwfc1sxt5n0o9mw 0 5279 22321 2011-01-24T21:32:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimarishali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimarishali]] lzgjf3ilhng0bbiiz979joe2ek4he16 0 5280 22354 2011-01-25T14:18:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] h2ihabnqde1zz7sbrj1j5dkkbk2wbkp 0 5281 22356 2011-01-25T14:46:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusigiti wa Hassan II]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Hassan II]] qbyuve1mxk3785ev7i6jhv8wx5ivqyr 0 5282 22366 2011-01-25T17:26:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Nikolay Merkushkin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nikolay Merkushkin]] 8bxfr0ugzr3wmci2ita6hz3jia4oguo 0 5283 78951 66549 2021-08-30T06:13:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nikolay Merkushkin.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Nikolay Merkushkin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Nikolay_Merkushkin_2014.jpeg|thumb|Nikolay Merkushkin ]] '''Nikolay Ivanovich Merkushkin''' (izina mu [[kimokisha]] : ''Кола Меркушкин'' , izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Николай Иванович Меркушкин'' ; [[5 Gashyantare]] [[1951]] &ndash; ) ni [[Perezida]] wa Repubulika ya [[Morodoviya]]. Yavukiye i [[Novye Verkhissy]] muri Morodoviya taliki ya 5 Gashyantare 1951. [[Category:Morodoviya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 14fw42nwnnwmuk6saxi12p8fip6be36 14 5284 67595 59756 2013-04-02T19:04:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 47 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8268014]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] bn6ub8mh64od25ow57wzo7o39clsx12 0 5285 22376 2011-01-25T18:02:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Vladislav Ardzinba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vladislav Ardzinba]] hyu5rkyh61cu83exl9lqbft8172jqs9 0 5286 81560 78282 2022-01-31T11:08:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abkhazia 10 apsar Ag 2008 Ardzinba b.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Vladislav Ardzinba</span>]] [[Dosiye:Vladislav_Ardzinba_1996_Abkhazia_stamp_portrait_only.jpg|thumb|Vladislav Ardzinba 1996 ]] '''Vladislav Grigori-ipa Ardzinba''' (izina mu [[cyabukaziyani]] : ''Владислав Григори-иҧа Арӡынба'' ; [[14 Gicurasi]] [[1945]] – [[4 Werurwe]] [[2010]]) ni [[Perezida]] wa 1 wa Repubulika y’[[Abukaziya]]. Yavukiye i [[Sukumi]] muri Abukaziya taliki ya 14 Gicurasi 1945. [[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Abkhazia]] [[Category:Abaperezida b’Abukaziya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 5pwni4rwjq4ajs9nn66sxd1k52i0lww 14 5287 67596 39966 2013-04-02T19:04:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9084528]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abukaziya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] aumdk9hcgm40gg28qymyjpcipm0soo2 0 5288 22381 2011-01-25T18:09:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Sergei Bagapsh]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sergei Bagapsh]] 7aje5ffg77npqyovx7zkf56y6ztx1q4 0 5289 78156 76008 2021-08-22T13:34:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sergei Bagapsh (Interfax).jpg|thumb|200px|right|Sergei Bagapsh (2008)]] '''Sergei Uasyl-ipa Bagapsh''' (izina mu [[cyabukaziyani]] : ''Сергеи Уасыл-иҧа Багаҧшь'' ; [[4 Werurwe]] [[1949]] &ndash; 29.05.2011 ) ni [[Perezida]] wa 2 wa Repubulika .y’[[Abukaziya]]. Yavukiye i [[Sukumi]] muri Abukaziya taliki ya 4 Werurwe 1949. [[Dosiye:Sergey_Bagapsh_2006_stamp_of_Abkhazia.jpg|thumb|Sergey Bagapsh 2006 ]] [[Category:Abaperezida b’Abukaziya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kpsmf09pbh1smgej9j6xo3e9oth4501 14 5290 67302 61042 2013-03-14T05:56:06Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7184474]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 5291 81543 78695 2022-01-31T11:06:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Palau-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Palawu</span>]] Ikirwa cya '''Angaur''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Angaur or Ngeaur'' ; izina mu [[kiyapani]] : アンガウル) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Palau (1-2 ratio).png|center|thumb|420x420px|Palau flag]] [[Category:Palawu]] nej0cl2hxesxloh0t31hvydc9qbiiab 0 5292 81579 79500 2022-01-31T11:11:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beach-in-melekeok20071222.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Babeldaob</span>]] Ikirwa cya '''Babeldaob''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] <nowiki>:</nowiki> ''Babeldaob or Babelthuap'') n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] 1ufq6h7i5hqc2ueehqe75cro9m4hwzx 0 5293 66266 53218 2013-03-11T11:06:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 18 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q871222]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kayangel.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kayangel</font>]] Ikirwa cya '''Kayangel''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Kayangel or Ngcheangel'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] o8x5v5gleo6479t9sqfcwmoq687ymrw 0 5294 77432 66461 2021-08-10T03:02:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Monaco Palau Locator.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|ikirwa]] Ikirwa cya '''Ngerekebesang''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Ngerekebesang or Arakabesan'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] 84asb0ys1u359oybab5s1t6t2ff2ay5 0 5295 66462 64009 2013-03-11T11:11:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q189426]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Koror-palau-typical-weather20071219.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Koror</font>]] Ikirwa cya '''Koror''' cyangwa '''Oreor''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Koror or Oreor'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] ngylv2ttuaw9j4es3otj8ewtrsjpjec 0 5296 22399 2011-01-25T19:19:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Koror]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Koror]] eq348hkw4e9boo78f5xxi1wjupgo8jw 0 5297 68449 68290 2013-11-09T13:32:31Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q497981]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Peleliu map.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Peleliu</font>]] Ikirwa cya '''Peleliu''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Peleliu or Beliliou'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] 7xk2mnttjldppg4qktdta1ahndfjm4s 0 5298 66263 53188 2013-03-11T11:06:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 19 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q866699]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sonsorol.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Sonsorol</font>]] Ikirwa cya '''Sonsorol''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Sonsorol'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] gpcoch828mbxvaxeziw9tjk7bvgfaxs 0 5299 77646 66264 2021-08-14T17:33:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tobi_AKK_NWshore.jpg|thumb|Ikirwa cya Tobi ]] Ikirwa cya '''Tobi''' (izina mu [[gipalawani]] : ''?'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Tobi'' ) n’[[ikirwa]] muri [[Palawu]]. [[Category:Palawu]] fwv77oy717aqni4k2e316tqnd0il6ae 14 5300 67328 62278 2013-03-14T05:57:20Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 91 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7069239]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Oseyaniya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] rniggnjr9i8nrgpvmiomj9q1ywde7q3 0 5301 66593 64000 2013-03-11T11:14:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 9 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1863073]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nh-map.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ibirwa bya Vanuwatu</font>]] '''Ibirwa bya Vanuwatu''' n’[[ibirwa]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. *[[Intara ya Torba]] **[[Ibirwa bya Torres ]] ***[[Hiw]] ***[[Metoma]] ***[[Tegua]] ***[[Ngwel]] ***[[Linua]] ***[[Lo]] ***[[Toga]] **[[Ibirwa bya Banks]] ***[[Vet Tagde]] ***[[Ureparapara]] ***[[Ibirwa bya Rowa]] ****[[Enwut]] ****[[Lemeur]] ***[[Vanua Lava]] ****[[Kwakea]] ****[[Leneu]] ****[[Nawila]] ****[[Ravenga]] ***[[Gaua]] ***[[Mota]] ***[[Mota Lava]] ****[[Ikirwa cya Ra]] ***[[Merig]] ***[[Mere Lava]] *[[Intara ya Sanma]] **[[Espiritu Santo]] ***[[Araki]] ***[[Ibirwa bya Elephant]] ***[[Malohu]] ***[[Ibirwa bya Oyster]] ***[[Sakao]] ***[[Tangoa]] ***[[Bokissa]] **[[Malo]] ***[[Asuleka]] **[[Aore]] **[[Tutuba]] **[[Mavea]] **[[Lathi]] *[[Intara ya Penama]] **[[Ibirwa bya Pentecost]] **[[Ambae]] **[[Maewo]] *[[Intara ya Malampa]] **[[Malakula]] ***[[Areso]] ***[[Ibirwa bya Maskelynes]] ****[[Avokh]] ****[[Leumanang]] ****[[Uliveo]] ****[[Vulai]] ***[[Norsup]] ***[[Sowan]] ***[[Tommam]] ***[[Uri]] ***[[Uripiv]] ***[[Varo]] ***[[Walo]] **[[Ambrym]] **[[Paama]] **[[Lopevi]] **[[Rano]] **[[Atchin]] **[[Vao]] *[[Intara ya Shefa]] **[[Epi]] ***[[Lamen]] ***[[Namuka]] ***[[Tefala]] **[[Ibirwa bya Shepherd]] ***[[Laika]] ***[[Tongoa]] ([[Kuwae]]) ***[[Tongariki]] ***[[Buninga]] ***[[Emae]] (Mai) ***[[Makura]] (Emwae) ***[[Mataso]] (Matah) ***[[Monument]] (Étarik) ***[[Ewose]] ***[[Falea]] ***[[Wot]] **[[Efate]] ***[[Nguna]] ***[[Emao]] ***[[Moso ]] (Verao) ***[[Lelepa]] ***[[Erakor]] ***[[Eratap]] ***[[Mele]] ***[[Irifa]] ***[[Iririki]] ***[[Kakula]] ***[[Pele]] *[[Intara ya Tafea]] **[[Tanna]] **[[Aniwa]] **[[Futuna]] **[[Erromango]] ***[[Ikirwa cya Goat]] ***[[Vete Manung]] **[[Anatom]] ***[[Inyeug]] **[[Ikirwa cya Matthew]] **[[Ikirwa cya Hunter]] [[Category:Vanuwatu]] 399pg2dxexea40kndbchagyu5zljhvd 0 5302 76797 66594 2021-08-02T12:59:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vanuatu-Torres-Banks.png|thumb|400px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Torba</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Torba_Province.png|thumb|Ibendera ry'Intara ya Torba]] '''Intara ya Torba''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Torba'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Torba Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Torba'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] 8hwveyozxgx4zo88q2phnb4xdl4aj0h 0 5303 22411 2011-01-25T19:44:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Torba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Torba]] sjw49x7unbi4jy4jvi49kqkixiycs72 0 5304 76794 66595 2021-08-02T11:15:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sanma (Vanuatu).png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Sanma</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Sanma.png|thumb|Ibendera rya Sanma]] '''Intara ya Sanma''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Sanma'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Sanma Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Sanma'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] oy391clx9avvabd3ms039c4421jncmw 0 5305 22413 2011-01-25T19:47:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Sanma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Sanma]] lp9ucqt5g9i0rv3nto6nyb0hbw6d0l2 0 5306 76793 66596 2021-08-02T11:08:48Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Penama (Vanuatu).png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Penama</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Penama_Province.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'Intara ya Penama]] '''Intara ya Penama''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Penama'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Penama Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Penama'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] jtf55j7zuko0kapdstmrrnwx5vgtgoc 0 5307 76792 66597 2021-08-02T11:04:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malampa (Vanuatu).png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Malampa</font>]] '''Intara ya Malampa''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Malampa'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Malampa Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Malampa'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Malampa_Province.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'Intara ya Malampa]] [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] 729mmazy3x74joapmdoja2y45gqfhyw 0 5308 76795 66591 2021-08-02T11:58:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shefa (Vanuatu).png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Shefa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Shefa.png|thumb|Ibendera rya Shefa]] '''Intara ya Shefa''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Shefa'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Shefa Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Shefa'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] cyv1jfjm6usxt0zkdxvcm0jtx86541m 0 5309 76796 70860 2021-08-02T12:57:48Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tafea_Flag.svg|thumb|Ibendera rya Tafea]] '''Intara ya Tafea''' (izina mu [[kibisilamu]] : ''Tafea'' ;izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Tafea Province'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Tafea'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Vanuwatu]]. [[Category:Intara ya Vanuwatu]] 3fvzznne56qjp2eq7cx2bpu9yo8fk56 0 5311 81535 78545 2022-01-31T11:04:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Amasya.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Amasya</span>]] [[File:Amasya districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Adıyaman</span>]] '''Intara y’Amasya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Amasya ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Amasya witwa [[Amasya (umujyi)|umujyi w’Amasya]]. Abaturage 334,786 <ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&ENVID=adnksdb2Env&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=5&p_kod=2&p_yil=2010&p_dil=1&desformat=html TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Uturere tw’Amasya == * [[Akarere k’Amasya]] * [[Akarere ka Göynücek]] * [[Akarere ka Gümüşhacıköy]] * [[Akarere ka Hamamözü]] * [[Akarere ka Merzifon]] * [[Akarere ka Suluova]] * [[Akarere ka Taşova]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.amasya.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] dl3cti63xv13wes28ck9ujaa4qmt2oy 0 5312 22636 2011-01-26T22:43:55Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Intara y'Amasya]] to [[Intara y’Amasya]]: true apostrophe wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Amasya]] jj4wavdvplg00azcyh444k2s7osa4bf 0 5313 26353 22637 2011-03-06T10:25:39Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Amasya (Intara)]] to [[Amasya (intara)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Amasya]] q7nhcjxvh0d83pywwojfpsx70qxy3y2 14 5314 66710 63910 2013-03-11T11:17:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 59 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6437947]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Turukiya]] b1zxv63p03orvynl696yft0602cggc9 14 5315 67619 55398 2013-04-02T19:06:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 18 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8002388]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Vanuwatu]] g7wprz4wrygw60xec8kt2n4oi0dvjiw 0 5316 22662 2011-01-26T23:16:36Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Abana]] to [[Umwana]]: Umwana is singular form of Abana wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwana]] fu6f7sj3im7ivk2wykl00qntjpsyd01 14 5317 67340 61568 2013-03-14T05:58:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 50 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6895724]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu]] otayv98vn5on2v2ufb4sjd9us5tl43b 14 5318 67750 62698 2013-04-13T09:13:12Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 85 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7166566]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Iigisirikare]] bfxozdj2bbr20d1c8zww16e3mo6n4z1 14 5319 66708 63204 2013-03-11T11:17:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 78 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5850187]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Categories]] rs6d9xnb0wdko34dcdasz527jk9ly7b 14 5320 66799 62427 2013-03-11T11:19:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6446385]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ja]] 2vrtyydmki8j4mtzx3kss9nfddyn7at 14 5321 66800 64544 2013-03-11T11:19:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 110 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6428609]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pt]] jd534kd21yawxmao6lx3iwjjgjqqjzr 0 5322 81683 79067 2022-01-31T11:27:49Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asturian linguistic areas.PNG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Icyasuturiya</span>]] '''Icyasuturiya''' (izina mu cyasuturiya : ''asturianu'' cyangwa ''llingua asturiana'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Asuturiya]] muri [[Esipanye]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ast'''. [[Dosiye:Iglesia de San Miguel, Jerez de la Frontera, España, 2015-12-07, DD 99-101 HDR.JPG|center|thumb|420x420px|urusengero]] <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’icyasuturiya == [[Dosiye:Flag of Spain.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Spain]] Icyasuturiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 23 : '''a b c (ch) d e f g h i l (ll) m n ñ o p q r (rr) s t u v x y z''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 18 : '''b c d f g h l m n p q r s t v x y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ñ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ñ||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * -()'''s''' : ** '''abeya''' – '''abeyes''' uruyuki – inzuki ** '''pexe''' – '''pexes''' ifi – amafi ** '''páxaru''' – '''páxaros''' inyoni – inyoni == Amagambo n'interuro mu cyasuturiya == * '''lleche''' – amata * '''ríu''' – uruzi * '''agua''' – amazi == Imibare == [[File:Academia de la Llingua Asturiana 1.jpg|thumb|300px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] * '''númberu''' – umubare * '''númberos''' – imibare * '''un''' – rimwe * '''dos''' – kabiri * '''trés''' – gatatu * '''cuatro''' – kane * '''cinco''' – gatanu * '''seis''' – gatandatu * '''siete''' – karindwi * '''ocho''' – umunani * '''nueve''' – icyenda * '''diez''' – icumi * '''once''' – cumi na rimwe * '''doce''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trece''' – cumi na gatatu * '''catorce''' – cumi na kane * '''quince''' – cumi na gatanu * '''deciséis''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''decisiete''' – cumi na karindwi * '''deciocho''' – cumi n’umunani * '''decinueve''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''venti''' – makumyabiri * '''trenta''' – mirongo itatu * '''cuarenta''' – mirongo ine * '''cincuenta''' – mirongo itanu * '''sesenta''' – mirongo itandatu * '''setenta''' – mirongo irindwi * '''ochenta''' – mirongo inani * '''noventa''' – mirongo cyenda * '''cien''' – ijana * '''mil''' – igihumbi * '''un millón''' – miliyoni == Wikipediya mu cyasuturiya == * http://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] lvweg2pm3sertzwasnh2we8e7o1kymr 0 5323 22897 2011-01-27T10:19:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igifinilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifinilande]] cfyspkgi770fvn39vn6l7eiw4w6hmnn 0 5324 22905 2011-01-27T10:22:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihongiriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihongiriya]] b3i6zbe36c2jhtdkb4dj5go5q717f3n 0 5325 76508 66797 2021-07-27T10:30:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uruzi rwa Gambiya</font>]] '''Uruzi''' [[Dosiye:Elbe_in_Saxon_Switzerland.jpg|thumb|Uruzi rwa Busuwisi]] [[Category:Inzuzi| ]] pfcqczlchxi6y7n2pta9fgl372kzdu4 0 5326 77296 77155 2021-08-09T20:10:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asturian linguistic areas.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Icyasuturiya (icyewonaviya : B2-1 na B2-2)</font>]] [[Dosiye:Formantes gallego-asturiano copia.jpg|thumb|''gallego-asturiano'']] '''Icyewonaviya''' (izina mu cyewonaviya : ''gallego-asturiano'' cyangwa ''eonaviego'' ; izina mu [[cyasuturiya]] : ''gallego-asturianu'' cyangwa ''eonaviegu'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa uruzi rwa [[Eo]] na [[Navia]] i [[Asuturiya]] muri [[Esipanye]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''NONE'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’icyewonaviya == Icyewonaviya kigizwe n’inyuguti 23 : '''a b c (ch) d e f g h i l (ll) m n ñ o p q r (rr) s t u v x y z''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 18 : '''b c d f g h l m n p q r s t v x y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ñ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="23" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ñ||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == Imibare == [[File:Bar de Tapia (Asturies).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey"></font>]] * '''un''' – rimwe * '''dous''' – kabiri * '''tres''' – gatatu * '''cuatro''' – kane * '''cinco''' – gatanu * '''seis''' – gatandatu * '''sete''' – karindwi * '''oito''' – umunani * '''nove''' – icyenda * '''dez''' – icumi * '''once''' – cumi na rimwe * '''doce''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trece''' – cumi na gatatu * '''catorce''' – cumi na kane * '''quince''' – cumi na gatanu * '''dazaseis''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''dazasete''' – cumi na karindwi * '''dazaoito''' – cumi n’umunani * '''dazanove''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''vinte''' – makumyabiri * '''trinta''' – mirongo itatu * '''corenta''' – mirongo ine * '''cincuenta''' – mirongo itanu * '''sesenta''' – mirongo itandatu * '''setanta''' – mirongo irindwi * '''oitenta''' – mirongo inani * '''noventa''' – mirongo cyenda * '''cen''' – ijana * '''mil''' – igihumbi == Indimi == {| class="wikitable" align= ! [[kilatini]]!![[giporutigali gishaje]]!! [[giporutigali]]!! [[kigalisiya]]!! '''cyewonaviya'''!! [[kinyarwanda]] |- || altu(m) || outo || alto || alto || alto || |- || árbor(em) || árvol || árvore || árbore || árbol (ant. árbole) || igiti |- || asciata(m) || aixada || enxada || aixada || eixada || |- || áuru(m) || ouro || ouro || ouro || ouro || izahabu |- || quáttuor(rum) || quatro || quatro || catro || cuatro || kane |- || brácchiu(m) || braço || braço || brazo || brazo || ukuboko |- ||cǽlu(m) ||ceo|| ceu|| ceo|| cêlo || ikirere, ijuru |- || cláve(m) || chave || chave || chave || chave || urufunguzo |- || cena (m) || cea || ceia || cea || cía || ibyo kurya by’isaa sita |- || caballu (m) || cavalo || cavalo || cabalo || cabalo/caballo || ifarashi |- || dígitu(m) || dedo || dedo || dedo || dido || urutoki |- || dubitā(m) || dúbida/dulda || dúvida || dúbida || débeda (ant. tb dolda) || "gushidikanya" |- || dúōs/duas || dous/duas || dois/duas || dous/dúas || dous/dúas || kabiri |- || hómo o<br />hómine(m) || home || homem || home || hòme || umuntu |- || líbru(m) || livro || livro || libro || libro/llibro || igitabo |- || lūna(m) || lúa || lúa || lúa || lúa/llúa || ukwezi |- || lana(m) || lã || lã || lá || lá/llá (ant. lã/llã) || |- || mānu(m) || mão || mão || man || mao (ant. mão) || ikiganza |- || multu(m) || muito || muito || moito || muito || |- || integru(m) || enteiro || inteiro || enteiro || enteiro || |- || nócte(m) || noite || noite || noite || noite || ijoro |- || péctu(m) || peito || peito || peito || peito || igituza |- || planu (m) || chão || chão || chan || chao || |- || plenu (m) || chëo || cheio || cheo || chen/chío || |- || quī / quem || quem || quem || quen || quèn || |- || súcu(m) || çume || sumo || zume || zume || umutobe w’imbuto |- || tabula (m) || taboa || tábua || táboa|| traba || |- ||parete(m) || parede || parede || parede || parede || |- || ūna(m) || üa || uma || unha || úa || rimwe |- || cerasium || cereija || cereja || cereixa || cereixa || |- || vétulu(m) || vello || velho || vello || vèyo || |- || vicinnus(m) || vezinno || vizinho || veciño || vecín/vecío || |- |} == Imiyoboro == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227235229/http://www.romaniaminor.net/gramatiques/gramatica_eonaviega.pdf Xavier Frías Conde (2001), Resumo prático de gramática eonaviega (segundo a proposta Cotarelo Valledor)] [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] ldx3u3r9foc0f9ddfprrlizx7cgrncw 0 5327 22937 2011-01-27T11:44:58Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Icyewonavia]] to [[Icyewonaviya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyewonaviya]] 3cces2rqd1py6lfpk15gnomdl1sn1iz 0 5328 22939 2011-01-27T11:46:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyasuturiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyasuturiya]] ee8ki0rsqwtn1r0p5pb2n1ba8f1vzwp 0 5329 22969 22968 2011-01-27T13:22:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigalisiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigalisiya]] 4lsjtivv31cd6kbeaul6kiecunxt9xl 0 5330 22970 2011-01-27T13:22:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigalisiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigalisiya]] 4lsjtivv31cd6kbeaul6kiecunxt9xl 0 5331 71668 66906 2018-12-09T13:32:33Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe.gif with [[File:Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) · L wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Galician linguistic areas.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikigalisiya</font>]] '''Ikigalisiya'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; microsoft.com ; translationproject.org ; lexvo.org ; babelserver.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikigalegani'''<ref>translationproject.org</ref> (izina mu kigalisiya : ''galego'' cyangwa ''lingua galega'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Galisiya]] muri [[Esipanye]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''glg'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikigalisiya == Ikigalisiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 22 : '''a b c (ch) d e f g h i l (ll) m n (nh) ñ o p q r (rr) s t u v x z''' :inyajwi 5 : '''a e i o u''' :indagi 17 : '''b c d f g h l m n p q r s t v x z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="22" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ñ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="22" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ñ||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|v||align="center"|x||align="center"|z |} </center> == Imibare == [[File:MapaLinguisticoGalego.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikigalisiya</font>]] [[File:Linguistic map Southwestern Europe-en.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Imyaka n’Indimi</font>]] * '''número''' – umubare * '''números''' – imibare * '''un''' – rimwe * '''dous''' – kabiri * '''tres''' – gatatu * '''catro''' – kane * '''cinco''' – gatanu * '''seis''' – gatandatu * '''sete''' – karindwi * '''oito''' – umunani * '''nove''' – icyenda * '''dez''' – icumi * '''once''' – cumi na rimwe * '''doce''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trece''' – cumi na gatatu * '''catorce''' – cumi na kane * '''quince''' – cumi na gatanu * '''dezaseis''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''dezasete''' – cumi na karindwi * '''dezoito''' – cumi n’umunani * '''dezanove''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''vinte''' – makumyabiri * '''trinta''' – mirongo itatu * '''corenta''' – mirongo ine * '''cincuenta''' – mirongo itanu * '''sesenta''' – mirongo itandatu * '''setanta''' – mirongo irindwi * '''oitenta''' – mirongo inani * '''noventa''' – mirongo cyenda * '''cen''' – ijana * '''mil''' – igihumbi * '''un milhom''' – miliyoni == Wikipediya mu kigalisiya == * http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikiromanisi]] [[Category:Galisiya]] knlq27nkvnhj74uc7ys2i00c8ua5qmn 14 5332 66907 60000 2013-03-11T11:21:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 55 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6316663]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Esipanye]] oij0ypg3u4lqmfl8ci83a6s9iww8x2n 14 5333 67649 63019 2013-04-02T19:08:20Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 65 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7217198]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 5334 70779 70152 2016-12-20T07:24:25Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q6534389]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 5335 67746 53463 2013-04-13T09:08:21Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 66 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7217206]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 5336 67651 62231 2013-04-02T19:08:24Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7217200]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi]] 2rj3adtqi638gx9oedvjfzdsn5yb31f 14 5337 67650 60407 2013-04-02T19:08:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 65 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8287482]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] ovgtob8j5tu7jcsvxurtd6umtix4vxr 14 5338 66909 61182 2013-03-11T11:21:47Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 155 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368380]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5339 23065 2011-01-27T18:19:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilituwaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilituwaniya]] 6w9wkxdyyooicerbrb5egvlgl7k81dg 0 5340 66772 62546 2013-03-11T11:18:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 117 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9083]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of dialects of Lithuanian language.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikilituwaniya</font>]] '''Ikilituwaniya'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; microsoft.com ; lexvo.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyalitwani'''<ref>translationproject.org</ref> (izina mu kilituwaniya : ''Lietuvių'' cyangwa ''Lietuvių kalba'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Lituwaniya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lit'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikilituwaniya == Ikinyaturukiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 32 : '''a ą b c č d e ę ė f g h i į y j k l m n o p r s š t u ų ū v z ž''' :inyajwi 12 : '''a ą e ę ė i į y o u ų ū''' :indagi 20 : '''b c č d f g h j k l m n p r s š t v z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ą]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Č]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ę]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ė]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Į]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ų]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ū]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|ą||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|č||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ę||align="center"|ė||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|į||align="center"|y||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ų||align="center"|ū||align="center"|v||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == Imibare == * '''skaitvardis''' – umubare * '''skaitvardžiai''' – imibare * '''vienas''' – rimwe * '''du''' – kabiri * '''trys''' – gatatu * '''keturi''' – kane * '''penki''' – gatanu * '''šeši''' – gatandatu * '''septyni''' – karindwi * '''aštuoni''' – umunani * '''devyni''' – icyenda * '''dešimt''' – icumi * '''vienuolika''' – cumi na rimwe * '''dvylika''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trylika''' – cumi na gatatu * '''keturiolika''' – cumi na kane * '''penkiolika''' – cumi na gatanu * '''šešiolika''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''septyniolika''' – cumi na karindwi * '''aštuoniolika''' – cumi n’umunani * '''devyniolika''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''dvidešimt''' – makumyabiri * '''trisdešimt''' – mirongo itatu * '''keturiasdešimt''' – mirongo ine * '''penkiasdešimt''' – mirongo itanu * '''šešiasdešimt''' – mirongo itandatu * '''septyniasdešimt''' – mirongo irindwi * '''aštuoniasdešimt''' – mirongo inani * '''devyniasdešimt''' – mirongo cyenda * '''šimtas''' – ijana * '''tūkstantis''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu kilituwaniya == * http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagrindinis_puslapis == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikibalitike]] [[Category:Lituwaniya]] mcpc085ozio906ztmnswqrwxf773wg7 0 5341 78984 76966 2021-08-30T09:48:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NPR Velká Fatra.svg|center|thumb|444x444px|[[Silovakiya]]]] '''Igisilovaki'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; frenchmozilla.fr ; lexvo.org ; babelserver.org</ref> cyangwa '''Igisilovakiya'''<ref>www.kpr.eu</ref> , '''Igisilovake'''<ref>microsoft.com ; translationproject.org </ref> (izina mu gisilovaki : ''slovenčina'' cyangwa ''slovenský jazyk'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Silovakiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''slk'''. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-1]] '''sk'''. [[Dosiye:PL_Jeden_z_wielu_(Trzeszczkowska)_28.jpg|thumb|Igisilovaki]] Mu w’2000 twashyizeho amahuriro y’ururimi rw’igisilovaki, guhera ubwo twakiriye abanyamuryango bashya baturutse muri Silovakiya no muri [[Cekiya]]. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igisilovaki == Igisilovaki kigizwe n’inyuguti 46 : '''a á ä b c č d ď dz dž e é f g h ch i í j k l ĺ ľ m n ň o ó ô p q r ř s š t ť u ú v w x y ý z ž''' :inyajwi 14 : '''a á ä e é i í o ó ô u ú y ý''' :indagi 32 : '''b c č d ď dz dž f g h ch j k l ĺ ľ m n ň p q r ř s š t ť v w x z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="46" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Á]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ä]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Č]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ď]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dz]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dž]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[É]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[CH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Í]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ĺ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ľ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ň]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ó]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ô]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ř]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ť]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ú]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ý]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="46" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|á||align="center"|ä||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|č||align="center"|d||align="center"|ď||align="center"|dz||align="center"|dž||align="center"|e||align="center"|é||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|ch||align="center"|i||align="center"|í||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|ĺ||align="center"|ľ||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ň||align="center"|o||align="center"|ó||align="center"|ô||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|ř||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|ť||align="center"|u||align="center"|ú||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|ý||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu gisilovaki == * '''Ako sa voláte?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Volám sa ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Hovoríte po anglicky ?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Áno / Hej''' – Yego * '''Nie''' – Oya == Imibare == * '''jeden''' – rimwe * '''dva''' – kabiri * '''tri''' – gatatu * '''štyri''' – kane * '''päť''' – gatanu * '''šesť''' – gatandatu * '''sedem''' – karindwi * '''osem''' – umunani * '''deväť''' – icyenda * '''desať''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gisilovaki == *http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Начална_страница == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasilave]] [[Category:Silovakiya]] trzess8zas5fms74un89rlus3dielop 0 5342 23076 2011-01-27T18:40:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilituwaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilituwaniya]] 6w9wkxdyyooicerbrb5egvlgl7k81dg 14 5343 66925 62141 2013-03-11T11:22:01Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 144 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368526]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5344 23088 23086 2011-01-27T19:00:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igisilovaki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igisilovaki]] 4v3tw7esndpesyrvwcwln6j8t50vehk 0 5345 23090 2011-01-27T19:01:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igisilovaki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igisilovaki]] 4v3tw7esndpesyrvwcwln6j8t50vehk 0 5346 23091 2011-01-27T19:01:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igisilovaki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igisilovaki]] 4v3tw7esndpesyrvwcwln6j8t50vehk 0 5347 81547 78699 2022-01-31T11:06:46Z Minorax 8248 fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Ankara.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ankara</span>]] [[File:Ankara location districts.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ankara</span>]] [[File:Beypazari Tasmektep 06065.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">[[Beypazarı]]</span>]] [[File:Anıtkabir.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Anıtkabir</span>]] '''Intara y’Ankara''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ankara ili'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Ankara witwa [[umujyi w’Ankara]]. Intara gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4.548.939 (abagabo 2.267.779 n’abagore 2.281.160)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 5938. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Ankara == * [[Akarere k’Akyurt]] * [[Akarere k’Altındağ]] * [[Akarere k’Ayaş]] * [[Akarere ka Balâ]] * [[Akarere ka Beypazarı]] * [[Akarere ka Çamlıdere]] * [[Akarere ka Çankaya]] * [[Akarere ka Çubuk]] * [[Akarere k’Elmadağ]] * [[Akarere k’Etimesgut]] * [[Akarere k’Evren]] * [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Akarere ka Gölbaşı]] * [[Akarere ka Güdül]] * [[Akarere ka Haymana]] * [[Akarere ka Kalecik]] * [[Akarere ka Kazan]] * [[Akarere ka Keçiören]] * [[Akarere ka Kızılcahamam]] * [[Akarere ka Mamak]] * [[Akarere ka Nallıhan]] * [[Akarere ka Polatlı]] * [[Akarere ka Pursaklar]] * [[Akarere ka Sincan]] * [[Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar]] * [[Akarere ka Yenimahalle]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Ankara == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Alaaddin Yüksel :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Melih Gökçek == Amatungo y’Ankara == * [[Ihene y’Ankara]] * [[Injangwe ry’Ankara]] * [[Urukwavu rw’Ankara]] <gallery> Image:Quebec angora goat.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Ihene y’Ankara</span> Image:Angoraturco.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Injangwe ry’Ankara</span> Image:EnglishAngoraRabbit.jpg|<span style="color:grey;">Urukwavu rw’Ankara</span> </gallery> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.ankara.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Ankara] == References == <references/> [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] c2jyl9trcqdj16kf73z41ymaie5onsa 0 5348 81755 79208 2022-01-31T11:39:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Gaziantep.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Gaziantep</span>]] [[Dosiye:Gaziantep faculty of Law.jpg|thumb|250x250px|GAziantep]] '''Intara ya Gaziantep''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Gaziantep ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Van witwa [[Gaziantep (umujyi)|umujyi wa Gaziantep]]. Abaturage 1,612,427 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] == Uturere twa Gaziantep == * [[Akarere k’Araban]] * [[Akarere k’İslahiye]] * [[Akarere ka Karkamış]] * [[Akarere ka Nizip]] * [[Akarere k’Nurdağı]] * [[Akarere k’Oğuzeli]] * [[Akarere ka Şahinbey]] * [[Akarere ka Şehitkâmil]] * [[Akarere ka Yavuzeli]] == references == <references/> [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|G]] 6k2b0tuvaacq0tsvun9unmkyx404ki0 0 5349 78528 67629 2021-08-25T02:44:32Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Van.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara ya Van</font>]] [[File:Van districts.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uturere twa Bursa </font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] '''Intara ya Van''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Van ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Van witwa [[Van (umujyi)|umujyi wa Van]]. Abaturage 979,671 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. == Uturere twa Van == * [[Akarere ka Bahçesaray]] * [[Akarere ka Başkale]] * [[Akarere ka Çaldıran]] * [[Akarere ka Çatak]] * [[Akarere k’Edremit]] * [[Akarere k’Erciş]] * [[Akarere ka Gevaş]] * [[Akarere ka Gürpınar]] * [[Akarere ka Muradiye]] * [[Akarere k’Özalp]] * [[Akarere ka Saray]] * [[Akarere ka Van]] == references == <references/> [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|V]] f3v5chiy912cjwb9pbp98q2l1xsnu4y 0 5350 23110 2011-01-27T20:35:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Ankara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Ankara]] p9rvcd76uhgvkh74cbmquiudwz5ml0k 0 5351 23111 2011-01-27T20:35:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Gaziantep]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Gaziantep]] 5hhgz67fl4sizjtaf6096uvx6mfoz68 0 5352 23112 2011-01-27T20:36:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Van]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Van]] qkltb8sh0qrl6oro53s0d3vvowayeov 0 5353 23692 23114 2011-01-31T14:40:20Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ankara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ankara]] 51xaovhf8o6i28sqvasvsba7ymx1esa 0 5354 23117 2011-01-27T20:48:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilativiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilativiya]] 206bk6pcjrazrlpl2x7whr6p5ht6gk9 0 5355 23118 2011-01-27T20:48:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikilativiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikilativiya]] 206bk6pcjrazrlpl2x7whr6p5ht6gk9 0 5356 71109 66645 2017-08-14T21:18:40Z Tonyanderson37 6491 Delete dead link wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latvaldialekti.svg|thumb|350px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Ikilativiya</font>]] '''Ikilativiya'''<ref>microsoft.com ; translationproject.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikilativiyani''' (izina mu kilativiya : ''latviešu'' cyangwa ''latviešu valoda'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Lativiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''lav''' (na '''lvs'''). <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ikilativiya == Ikilativiya kigizwe n’inyuguti 33 : '''a ā b c č d e ē f g ģ h i ī j k ķ l ļ m n ņ o p r s š t u ū v z ž''' :inyajwi 9 : '''a ā e ē i ī o u ū''' :indagi 24 : '''b c č d f g ģ h j k ķ l ļ m n ņ p r s š t v z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ā]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Č]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ē]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ģ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ī]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ķ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ļ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ņ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ū]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="33" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|ā||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|č||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ē||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ģ||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|ī||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|ķ||align="center"|l||align="center"|ļ||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ņ||align="center"|o||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ū||align="center"|v||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == Imibare == * '''viens''' – rimwe * '''divi''' – kabiri * '''trīs''' – gatatu * '''četri''' – kane * '''pieci''' – gatanu * '''seši''' – gatandatu * '''septiņi''' – karindwi * '''astoņi''' – umunani * '''deviņi''' – icyenda * '''desmit''' – icumi * '''vienpadsmit''' – cumi na rimwe * '''divpadsmit''' – cumi na kaviri * '''trīspadsmit''' – cumi na gatatu * '''četrpadsmit''' – cumi na kane * '''piecpadsmit''' – cumi na gatanu * '''sešpadsmit''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''septiņpadsmit''' – cumi na karindwi * '''astoņpadsmit''' – cumi n’umunani * '''deviņpadsmit''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''divdesmit''' – makumyabiri * '''trīsdesmit''' – mirongo itatu * '''četrdesmit''' – mirongo ine * '''piecdesmit''' – mirongo itanu * '''sešdesmit''' – mirongo itandatu * '''septiņdesmit''' – mirongo irindwi * '''astoņdesmit''' – mirongo inani * '''deviņdesmit''' – mirongo cyenda * '''simts''' – ijana * '''tūkstoš''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu kilativiya == * http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sākumlapa == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikibalitike]] [[Category:Lativiya]] av3l3d1pdm5pt59udxzjuy8g2aglb26 0 5359 23196 2011-01-28T14:16:25Z Seksen iki yüz kırk beş 1473 moved [[Ankara (umujyi)]] to [[Ankara]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ankara]] 51xaovhf8o6i28sqvasvsba7ymx1esa 10 5362 68230 67930 2013-08-01T18:40:35Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6584294]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Danish language|da]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Denne bruger kan bidrage på '''[[:Category:User da-3|flydende]]''' '''[[:Category:User da|dansk]]'''.''[[Category:User da|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User da-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> jvmgsly6afxo1bcn80setraseni6opf 14 5363 66746 62405 2013-03-11T11:17:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6395495]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User da]] ib5i4d2fsn7ffug8kpsmur7dglfu42h 10 5364 66749 64277 2013-03-11T11:17:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 59 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6051980]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Low German|nds]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Disse Bruker hett '''[[:Category:User nds-1|grundleggen]]''' '''[[:Category:User nds|Plattdüütsch-Kenntnis]]'''.[[Category:User nds|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User nds-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> iuv98e8ozpjw0luwcqfvoqghbdnxdva 14 5365 66750 60395 2013-03-11T11:17:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6518982]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|nds]] 6nv03fqi1re7o1x4yure8wrtohklm0q 14 5366 66747 61287 2013-03-11T11:17:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 72 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6519048]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User nds]] 09273uzt4xqa56xfhfaerahcjju60ae 10 5367 68241 67920 2013-08-01T18:40:37Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5872145]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Low German|oc]]-4''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Aqueste utilizaire pòt contribuir amb un nivèl '''[[:Category:User oc-4|plan avançat]]''' d''''[[:Category:User oc|occitan]]'''.[[Category:User oc|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User oc-4|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> nnhtlypj2p3zjmekoy9fp20t76vfgya 14 5368 67836 62442 2013-04-13T10:02:30Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8827526]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|oc]] a6qxl8w5ochtlpiu7cj4l577kpcwrxt 14 5369 67837 62441 2013-04-13T10:02:51Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 44 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8891500]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User oc]] jsos0lfo4ce6vqiwmmrivh0sic2wh9o 10 5370 66870 63902 2013-03-11T11:21:02Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 37 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6368878]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" ! style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;font-size:14pt;text-align:center" | '''[[Cantonese|yue]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | 呢個用戶嘅'''[[:Category:User yue-N|母語]]'''係'''[[:Category:User yue|粵語]]'''。<br />呢个用户嘅'''[[:Category:User yue-N|母语]]'''系'''[[:Category:User yue|粤语]]'''。 |} [[Category:User yue|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User yue-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] </div><noinclude> </noinclude> o15texl2tw6f0sipp0f1h8v5d9vskgy 14 5371 67354 62472 2013-03-14T05:59:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 49 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6594893]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|yue]] ds9gxkevb2cdchms5oajuk56zahxip0 14 5372 67648 62471 2013-04-02T19:08:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 36 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6594981]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User yue]] 7905tcpn0swv3hzwrtue8q2snk8yheo 10 5373 68260 67942 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6157370]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Yiddish language|yi]]-2''' | style="font-size:10pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;text-align:right" dir="rtl" | &#1491;&#1506;&#1512; &#1489;&#1488;&#1463;&#1504;&#1497;&#1510;&#1506;&#1512; &#1488;&#1497;&#1494; &#1488;&#1463; '''[[:Category:User yi-2|&#1520;&#64287;&#1496;&#1492;&#1488;&#1463;&#1500;&#1496;&#1506;&#1512;]]''' &#1508;&#1471;&#1493;&#1503; '''[[:Category:User yi|&#1497;&#1497;&#1460;&#1491;&#1497;&#1513;]]'''.[[Category:User yi|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User yi-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> j7jy1b4yfg1frr3wp5t3g0h2yja2jqw 14 5374 67647 60013 2013-04-02T19:08:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6594542]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|yi]] 3diprisjs9z2uub5crtfzwuinsudr9j 14 5375 67646 60011 2013-04-02T19:08:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 40 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6594620]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User yi]] 8l1ze0bpz2yv41s7y4s2hewwm55i7ea 10 5376 68232 67913 2013-08-01T18:40:35Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6231059]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Italian language|it]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Questo utente può contribuire con un '''[[:Category:User it|italiano]]''' di livello '''[[:Category:User it-2|intermedio]]'''.[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> 6g91qojwvmo6bgtb91luf5nc1v2kbh2 14 5377 66866 64545 2013-03-11T11:20:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6428628]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User it]] ngkybv5r1mn3pguas20nafxcspzad18 10 5378 68228 67943 2013-08-01T18:40:35Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6081147]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Icelandic language|is]]-1''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Þessi notandi hefur '''[[:Category:User is-1|grundvallarkunnáttu]]''' á '''[[:Category:User is|íslensku]]''' máli.[[Category:User is|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User is-1|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> ij7yj71b43dlh05k64wrq69027e9o7r 14 5379 66863 62424 2013-03-11T11:20:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 74 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6413020]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|is]] kxi8k8bz5j962fps0uwk3szqnh4nw9u 14 5380 67828 60150 2013-04-13T09:56:56Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6413102]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User is]] 93zv9e9pkzjv72fcpkfg9qoqcxxmy6j 10 5381 66687 64255 2013-03-11T11:16:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 136 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5546187]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #FFB3B3 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFE0E8" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFB3B3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[English language|en]]-0''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user '''[[:Category:User en-0|does not understand]] [[:Category:User en|English]]''' (or understands it with considerable difficulty).[[Category:User en-0|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> 7gjggzqo80z5ys3km1uqcp5ksrpnfaj 14 5382 67802 60140 2013-04-13T09:53:35Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 87 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6397954]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User en]] tl626ws1xhu9vm5immmfneoh93aevje 10 5383 68231 67928 2013-08-01T18:40:35Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6964897]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #00FF00 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#90FF90" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#00FF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Czech language|cs]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tento uživatel je schopen '''[[:Category:User cs-3|plynně]]''' komunikovat '''[[:Category:User cs|česky]]'''. |}{{#ifeq:{{{categories}}}|no||[[Category:User cs|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User cs-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]}} </div> 0kgqclf0ls9xvvvrotjroliuni1l298 14 5384 67795 62404 2013-04-13T09:52:20Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6394286]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User cs]] iflq7x62pofvzfdv1o5oa3bza75m9eq 10 5385 68229 67968 2013-08-01T18:40:35Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6964803]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Catalan language|ca]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Aquest usuari pot contribuir amb un nivell '''[[:Category:User ca-3|avançat]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ca|català]]'''.[[Category:User ca|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ca-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> rkhcaj6sy90gqd6dj2epdqtajsome18 14 5386 67792 67401 2013-04-13T09:51:38Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 71 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6392828]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ca]] n3io8aiau0q6764vwfbw88gwdkdor48 10 5387 68249 67901 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968317]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Slovak language|sk]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Tento redaktor má '''[[:Category:User sk-2|stredné]]''' znalosti '''[[:Category:User sk|slovenčiny]]'''.[[Category:User sk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sk-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> lbkpgf5in9wf6pkf1ns7q36hdvi8z58 14 5388 67851 62452 2013-04-13T10:15:57Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587836]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sk]] avlwde92u1avlj2kiv7jkjbnc3gv9ys 10 5389 68244 67951 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6967786]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" |----- | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Romanian language|ro]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Acest utilizator poate contribui cu un nivel '''[[:Category:User ro-2|intermediar]]''' de '''[[:Category:User ro|româna]]'''. [[Category:User ro|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ro-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> cdwvjqg0u29tbm39m78t6wz2bqurm69 14 5390 67628 60746 2013-04-02T19:06:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 70 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6587072]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ro]] g2djfy0eki9y5zy6wktxbm4rrscexl7 10 5391 66785 64238 2013-03-11T11:18:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5878591]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:484px;border:#99B3FF solid 1px" |----- | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | <center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center> |----- | {{User {{{1}}}}} || {{User {{{2}}}}} |----- | {{User {{{3}}}}} || {{User {{{4}}}}} |----- | {{User {{{5}}}}} || {{User {{{6}}}}} |----- | colspan="2" rowspan="1" | <center>{{User {{{7}}}}}</center> |} <noinclude> [[Category:User language templates]] </noinclude> cm3aybbi2lq4jj7wb2xwr15hj82v7ea 0 5392 76962 66784 2021-08-04T22:32:43Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|center|thumb|416x416px|umuturange]] '''Igihupa''' (izina mu gihupa : ''Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe’'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[California]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''hup'''. <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igihupa == Igifoni kigizwe n’inyuguti 42 : '''a a: b ch ch’ chw d dz e e: g gy h i j k ky k’ ky’ l ł m n ng o o: q q’ s sh t t’ tł ts ts’ u w wh x xw y ’''' :inyajwi 8 : '''a a: e e: i o o: u''' :indagi 34 : '''b ch ch’ chw d dz f g gy h j k ky k’ ky’ l ł m n ng q q’ s sh t t’ tł ts ts’ w wh x xw y ’''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[A:]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ch]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ch’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Chw]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Dz]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E:]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Gy]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ky]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ky’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ł]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ng]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O:]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Sh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Tł]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ts]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ts’]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Wh]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Xw]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[’]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|a:||align="center"|b||align="center"|ch||align="center"|ch’||align="center"|chw||align="center"|d||align="center"|dz||align="center"|e||align="center"|e:||align="center"|g||align="center"|gy||align="center"|h||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|ky||align="center"|k’||align="center"|ky’||align="center"|l||align="center"|ł||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ng||align="center"|o||align="center"|o:||align="center"|q||align="center"|q’||align="center"|s||align="center"|sh||align="center"|t||align="center"|t’||align="center"|tł||align="center"|ts||align="center"|ts’||align="center"|u||align="center"|w||align="center"|wh||align="center"|x||align="center"|xw||align="center"|y||align="center"|’ |} </center> == Amagambo n'interuro mu gihupa == * '''xine:wh''' &ndash; ururimi * '''ło:q’''' &ndash; ifi * '''tse:lin''' &ndash; amaraso * '''yineh-taw''' &ndash; ikirayi * '''nahdiyaw''' &ndash; ifaranga * '''wha''' &ndash; izuba * '''ta’na:n''' &ndash; amazi * '''diyeʼ''' &ndash; oya == Amabara == * '''łiqay''' &ndash; umweru * '''łiwhin''' &ndash; umukara * '''łitsow''' &ndash; icyatsi * '''tse:lnehwa:n''' &ndash; umutuku == Imibare == * '''ła’''' – rimwe * '''nahk''' – kabiri * '''ta:qʼ''' – gatatu * '''dink’''' – kane * '''chwola’''' – gatanu [[Category:Indimi]] oyrb9ohopk01itlf20fzkqmf9f2ygxv 10 5393 75596 70769 2021-05-28T13:50:05Z YiFeiBot 4811 Retrait de 1 lien(s) interlangue(s), désormais fourni(s) par [[d:|Wikidata]] à la page [[d:q5462890]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="reflist references-small <!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | references-column-width | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{1}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | references-column-width }} }}" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | {{column-width|{{{1}}}}} | {{column-count|{{{1}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | {{column-width|{{{colwidth}}}}} }} }}"> {{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}</div> [[Category:Template]]<noinclude> [[br:Patrom:Reflist]] </noinclude> ti5iwm2sfe5zevczan7wfftlfrgy73k 0 5394 76996 66788 2021-08-05T00:36:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikinyadeneta''' (izina mu kinyadeneta : ''Dene Dháh'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] : ''Dene Tha, Dene Dháa, South Slavey'') ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Northwest Territories]], [[Alberta]] na [[British Columbia]] muri [[Kanada]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''xls'''. [[Dosiye:Auberge Du Tresor.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|canada]] == Alfabeti y’Ikinyadeneta == ᐊ ᐁ ᐃ ᐅ ᐊ́ ᐁ́ ᐃ́ ᐅ́ ᐊᐠ ᐁᐠ ᐃᐠ ᐅᐠ ᐥᐊ ᐥᐁ ᐥᐃ ᐥᐅ ᐊᐥ ᐊᑊ ᐁᑊ ᐃᑊ ᐅᑊ ᐊᐧ ᐤ²ᐊ ᐤ²ᐁ ᐤ²ᐃ ᐤ²ᐅ ᐊᐤ ᐸ ᐯ ᐱ ᐳ ᐊᑉ ᑕ ᑌ ᑎ ᑐ ᐊᐨ ᖍ ᖊ ᖋ ᖌ ᐊᙆ ᕦ ᕞ ᕠ ᕤ ᐊᒡ ᑕᑊ ᑌᑊ ᑎᑊ ᑐᑊ ᗃ ᗀ ᗁ ᗂ ᐊᐦ ᑲ ᑫ ᑭ ᑯ ᐊᐠ ᑲᑊ ᑫᑊ ᑭᑊ ᑯᑊ ᒼᗃ ᒼᗀ ᒼᗁ ᒼᗂ ᐊᑊ ᒼᐊ ᒼᐁ ᒼᐃ ᒼᐅ ᐊᕁ ᕍ ᕃ ᕄ ᕊ ᐊᔆ ᒼᕍ ᒼᕃ ᒼᕄ ᒼᕊ ᐊᐟ ᐨᖉ ᐨᖆ ᐨᖇ ᐨᖈ ᖉ ᖆ ᖇ ᖈ ᖉᑊ ᖆᑊ ᖇᑊ ᖈᑊ ᒪ ᒣ ᒥ ᒧ ᐊᒼ ᓇ ᓀ ᓂ ᓄ ᐊᐣ == Amagambo n’interuro mu kinyadeneta == * '''dene ''' &ndash; umuntu * '''deneke''' &ndash; abantu * '''denezhu''' &ndash; umugabo * '''godelé ''' &ndash; amaraso * '''gotthʼené ''' &ndash; igufwa * '''gondaa ''' &ndash; ijisho * '''gokée ''' &ndash; ikirenge * '''tu theʔǫ ''' &ndash; ikiyaga * '''shíh ''' &ndash; umusozi * '''ke ''' &ndash; ikirato * '''tʼéh ''' &ndash; ikara * '''datłeh ''' &ndash; isabune * '''chǫ ''' &ndash; imvura * '''nıhtsʼı ''' &ndash; umuyaga * '''sa ''' &ndash; izuba * '''ǫdzı̨za ''' &ndash; ukwezi * '''thę́ ''' &ndash; inyenyeri == Imibare == * '''łíé''' – rimwe * '''ǫkı''' – kabiri * '''taı''' – gatatu * '''dı̨ı̨''' – kane * '''sųláı''' – gatanu * '''etsʼę́taı''' – gatandatu * '''łą́hdı̨ı̨''' – karindwi * '''etsʼę́dı̨ı̨''' – umunani * '''łáúlı''' – icyenda * '''honéno''' – icumi * '''honéno ndaa łíé''' – cumi na rimwe == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.ssdec.nt.ca/Dictionary/index.html| South Slavey Topical Dictionary Kátłʼodehche Dialect (2009)] [[Category:Indimi]] 9svjcyn9ln63kwre6aazhewdcem6jgo 0 5395 81537 78676 2022-01-31T11:05:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Norteamerica.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Amerika ya Ruguru</span>]] '''Amerika ya Ruguru''' n’imigabane y’Isi. * [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Megizike]][[Dosiye:Flag of Canada.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|CANADA]][[Dosiye:American N818NN on approach in front of an American flag 1.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|american]] [[Category:Amerika ya Ruguru| ]] 5meonnrhrhk3kwucvc6so5qbyogajsp 0 5396 81538 78675 2022-01-31T11:05:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:South America (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Amerika y’Epfo</span>]] '''Amerika y’Epfo''' n’imigabane y’Isi. [[Dosiye:American N818NN on approach in front of an American flag 1.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] == Ibihugu == {| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 border=1 style="text-align:right;" |- bgcolor="#ececec" style="text-align:center;" ! Igihugu ! Ubuso (km²) ! Abaturage <br />(2002) |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Arijantine]] | 2,766,890 | 37,812,817 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Boliviya]] | 1,098,580 | 8,445,134 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Burezile]] | 8,511,965 | 176,029,560 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Shili]] | 756,950 | 16,800,000 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Kolombiya]] | 1,138,910 | 41,008,227 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Ekwadoro]] | 283,560 | 13,447,494 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Guyane Nyamfaransa]] | 91,000 | 182,333 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Giyana]] | 214,970 | 698,209 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Paragwe]] | 406,750 | 5,884,491 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Peru]] | 1,285,220 | 27,949,639 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Surinamu]] | 163,270 | 436,494 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Irigwe]] | 176,220 | 3,386,575 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Venezuwela]] | 912,050 | 24,287,670 |- style=" font-weight:bold; " | style=" text-align:left; " | Total | 17,806,335 | 235,006 |} [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo| ]] igjzr4xdwyn9wkxe7m89fzr13rzftzu 14 5397 67717 58891 2013-04-13T08:32:09Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 151 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5610307]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika]] av5dfzhlbgmee47znv8cud2l0eacr9c 14 5398 66790 58185 2013-03-11T11:18:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 142 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411779]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 1jgs3174hpajsrph5a0xh9v363gfzff 14 5399 67723 67681 2013-04-13T08:38:28Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 122 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130958]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 14 5400 67344 60902 2013-03-14T05:58:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 108 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130828]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 14 5401 66717 64129 2013-03-11T11:17:21Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6419595]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 14 5402 67343 60917 2013-03-14T05:58:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 97 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7186005]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 14 5403 67342 61614 2013-03-14T05:58:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130694]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 14 5404 67341 63665 2013-03-14T05:58:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 114 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130774]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amerika y’Epfo]] lsl5h1rbcg9r198x3u4i7ue2ulc4zok 0 5407 23516 2011-01-30T19:25:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiceke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiceke]] 234dfoy19p1uy2z1fs5jlv70k9pw17o 0 5408 23517 2011-01-30T19:26:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiceke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiceke]] 234dfoy19p1uy2z1fs5jlv70k9pw17o 0 5409 79217 78395 2021-08-31T13:00:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Český jazyk.png|thumb|Cekiya]] [[Dosiye:Geographical_distribution_of_extant_Slavic_and_East_Baltic_languages_2015.png|thumb|Ikwirakwizwa ry’imiterere y’indimi z'igisilave n'iz'iburasirazuba bwa Baltique 2015]] '''Igiceke'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; translationproject.org ; lexvo.org</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyaceke'''<ref>translationproject.org</ref> (izina mu kimasedoniyani : ''čeština'' cyangwa ''český jazyk'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Cekiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''ces'''. [[Dosiye:Znojmo Old Town Panorama from Castle 20190217.jpg|center|thumb|440x440px|znojmo old town]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’igiceke == Igiceke kigizwe n’inyuguti 42 : '''a á b c č d ď e é ě f g h ch i í j k l m n ň o ó p q r ř s š t ť u ú ů v w x y ý z ž''' :inyajwi 14 : '''a á e é ě i í o ó u ú ů y ý''' :indagi 28 : '''b c č d ď f g h ch j k l m n ň p q r ř s š t ť v w x z ž''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Á]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Č]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ď]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[É]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ě]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[CH]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Í]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ň]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ó]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ř]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Š]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ť]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ú]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ů]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[W]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ý]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ž]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|á||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|č||align="center"|d||align="center"|ď||align="center"|e||align="center"|é||align="center"|ě||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|h||align="center"|ch||align="center"|i||align="center"|í||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|ň||align="center"|o||align="center"|ó||align="center"|p||align="center"|q||align="center"|r||align="center"|ř||align="center"|s||align="center"|š||align="center"|t||align="center"|ť||align="center"|u||align="center"|ú||align="center"|ů||align="center"|v||align="center"|w||align="center"|x||align="center"|y||align="center"|ý||align="center"|z||align="center"|ž |} </center> == Amagambo n’interuro mu giceke == * '''Jak se jmenujete?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Jmenuji se ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Mluvíte anglicky?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Jak se máte?''' – Amakuru? * '''Mám se dobře''' – Ni meza * '''Dobrý den!''' – Mwaramutse * '''Děkuji''' – Murakoze == Imibare == * '''jeden''' – rimwe * '''dva''' – kabiri * '''tři''' – gatatu * '''čtyři''' – kane * '''pět''' – gatanu * '''šest''' – gatandatu * '''sedm''' – karindwi * '''osm''' – umunani * '''devět''' – icyenda * '''deset''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu giceke == * http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlavní_strana == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasilave]] [[Category:Cekiya]] 8g4f03hlng9s5460tbb9aioi3bcjjb1 14 5410 66606 62246 2013-03-11T11:14:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 146 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4367403]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5411 81445 76402 2022-01-31T10:51:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MosqueinAbuja.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">[[Umusigiti w’Abuja]]</span>]] '''Abuja''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Nijeriya]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 1,24 miliyoni (2011). [[Dosiye:View_of_Abuja_from_Katampe_hill_08.jpg|thumb|View of Abuja from Katampe hill 08]] == Imisigiti == * [[Umusigiti w’Abuja]][[File:Central_business_district_abuja.jpg|thumb|Umugi wa Abuja]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] ojwfd21fxjf8tezs2t5t6lf8rgi9bfd 0 5413 81452 76379 2022-01-31T10:52:16Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ethiopia.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Addis Ababa</span>]] '''Addis Ababa''' (izina mu [[kinyamarike]] : '''አዲስ አበባ''') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Etiyopiya]]. Ituwe [[Dosiye:Addis_Ababa_Railway_Megenagna_Area.jpg|thumb|Addis Ababa ]] n'abaturage 3,35 miliyoni (2016) [[File:Saint_George_Armenian_Church_Addis_Ababa_052020.jpg|thumb|Saint George Armenian Church Addis Ababa 052020]] [[File:Addis_ababa_river_side_park.jpg|thumb|Addis ababa river side park]] [[Category:Etiyopiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] ojwpp9g5smdo19uyx7g2lqh1086396j 0 5414 81448 78445 2022-01-31T10:51:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Central accra-2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi w’Accra</span>]] [[File:Greater Accra Metro Area.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Accra</span>]] '''Accra''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Gana]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 2,27 miliyoni (2012). [[Dosiye:Ghana Flag.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ghana]] [[Dosiye:Accra_Skyline_3.jpg|thumb|Accra Central, Accra, Ghana]] [[File:Accra_Central,_Accra,_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Accra Central, Accra, Ghana]] [[Category:Gana]] [[Category:Imirwa]] t0qejlp0csmitguo1jgus6zjer8ci0w 0 5415 81554 78702 2022-01-31T11:07:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antananarivo01.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’Antananarivo</span>]] [[File:Antananarivosunset.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi w’Antananarivo</span>]] '''Antananarivo''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Madagasikari]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Madagascar.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Madagascar]] [[File:Rova_Antananarivo_Madagascar_2015.jpg|thumb|Rova Antananarivo Madagascar 2015]] [[Category:Madagasikari]] [[Category:Imirwa]] oxlsg372ggc6soc74649h2ciyn7rvnt 0 5416 81585 78884 2022-01-31T11:12:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bamako 037.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifofoto y’umujyi wa Bamako</span>]] [[File:Bamako et fleuve Niger.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifofoto ya Bamako </span>]] '''Bamako''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Mali]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Mali flag]] [[File:Ecole_Bahaben_Santara_de_Bamako_(3).jpg|thumb|Ecole Bahaben Santara de Bamako (3)]] [[Category:Mali]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 8ahox2fs352nnqai87ffbh3vcia0nwa 14 5417 67329 61429 2013-03-14T05:57:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 88 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6986488]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 5418 81587 78885 2022-01-31T11:13:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ubangi river near Bangui.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Bangui</span>]] [[File:RCA - Arcidiocesi di Bangui.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Bangui</span>]] '''Bangui''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]]. [[File:Bangui,_CAR.jpg|thumb|Bangui, CAR]] [[File:KIRKAMON_BANGUI_WINDMILLS.jpg|thumb|KIRKAMON BANGUI WINDMILLS]] [[Dosiye:Bangui City Centre.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Bangui city]] [[Category:Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] [[Category:Imirwa]] inp3vqopya2f7loxrj6zdtlbsk6mcaa 14 5419 67729 60988 2013-04-13T08:47:33Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 94 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6888311]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 5420 83825 83824 2022-05-18T22:05:02Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Aeroporto_di_Banjul.jpg|Aeroporto_di_Banjul.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Banjul International Airport Terminal|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gambia banjul arch22.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Banjul</span>]] [[File:Gambia-Banjul.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Banjul</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of The Gambia.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Gambia]] '''Banjul''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Gambiya]]. == Imisigiti == * [[Umusigiti w’Umwami Fahad‎]] [[Category:Gambiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] nfbw2m7rig10bj2cu7lpqx02lz1u7fb 0 5421 69542 66926 2015-03-04T10:36:58Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Banjul King Fahad Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Fahad</font>]] [[File:Banjulmosque1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti w’Umwami Fahad</font>]] '''Umusigiti w’Umwami Fahad''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''King Fahad Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Banjul]] muri [[Gambiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Gambiya]] r3gw8yepk7j2cx7zy5na7yd5yik0f6q 14 5422 69986 67654 2015-06-15T19:36:07Z Epìdosis 5210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Gambiya]] p5bx4l3ga885wuvcrozkkhlcexmiofv 0 5423 81610 68092 2022-01-31T11:16:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bissau city center.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Gineya-Biso</span>]] [[File:Guinea-Bissau Bissau.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita ya Gineya-Biso</span>]] '''Biso''' (izina mu [[giporutigali]] : ''Bissau'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Gineya-Biso]]. [[Category:Gineya-Biso]] [[Category:Imirwa]] d9l9xent3hslaipbjrqu3629vlls5jn 10 5426 67892 60114 2013-04-14T23:05:57Z Addbot 3734 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Ikilituwaniya|lt]]-2'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Šis vartotojas gali prisidėti prie projekto '''[[:Category:User lt-2|vidutinio lygio]]''' '''[[:Category:User lt|Lietuvių]]''' kalba.[[Category:User lt|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User lt-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <noinclude> </noinclude> a2imj2pbqjg83td59hxlee05z63xxn9 14 5427 67833 62436 2013-04-13T09:59:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 101 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6488868]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|lt]] 3yr5ioofmwh46nwwi8rthiz30b4scs1 14 5428 67652 60085 2013-04-02T19:08:28Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 39 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6488951]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User lt]] cf3vy40n34u03y6elj1lozhtxq6syil 10 5429 70154 68320 2015-08-03T05:32:55Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6050033]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {|cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Ikilituwaniya|lt]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | Šio vartotojo '''[[:Category:User lt-N|gimtoji kalba]]''' yra '''[[:Category:User lt|lietuvių]]'''.[[Category:User lt|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User lt-N|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div> <noinclude> </noinclude> smd77zrgc7872n6mlblgw5sqcpwflik 14 5430 67834 62435 2013-04-13T10:00:30Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6489040]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User lt]] cf3vy40n34u03y6elj1lozhtxq6syil 10 5431 68242 68043 2013-08-01T18:40:37Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7049381]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''pfl-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Daer Benutzer do schwetzt '''[[:Category:User pfl-1|ebbes]]''' '''[[:Category:User pfl|Pälzisch]]'''.[[Category:User pfl|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User pfl-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> mf8clj1wlp9sl32n59uyu1rku2yzgcg 14 5432 67839 62444 2013-04-13T10:03:31Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 29 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8888663]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|pfl]] n4615faq61xvfp2azi9mj5iiiy2ogtm 14 5433 67840 62443 2013-04-13T10:03:44Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7160669]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User pfl]] irb6pkj5rptxngxcukjaqwpoxb28xj3 10 5434 68295 23657 2013-08-17T22:32:23Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6424617]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[Swabian German|swg]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Der Mitmacher schwätzt '''[[:Category:User swg-1| a bisle]] [[:Category:User swg|Schwäbisch]]'''.[[Category:User swg|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User swg-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> 0r84v3b7mynj8a82e5c3daueyidk7ck 14 5435 67855 34331 2013-04-13T10:18:07Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 12 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6588342]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|swg]] bhppwkysp9zi8nd5wxi7k63mrfjj4yq 14 5436 67856 34330 2013-04-13T10:18:12Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6588346]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User swg]] r8y06sx7hy3tlhinek4ikeo65exc0m0 10 5437 68259 67899 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q10513852]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[West Flemish|vls]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Deze gebruker kan '''[[:Category:User vls-1|e hêel klêen bitje ]]''' e koutnansje voern in 't '''[[:Category:User vls|West-Vlams]]'''.[[Category:User vls|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User vls-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> kckh6ycg5lqumffrrprumy6l0x40orf 14 5438 67860 55299 2013-04-13T10:22:28Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6593924]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|vls]] r0hobbjun35g9iqo6c1c1wzj6uifiy7 14 5439 67861 55300 2013-04-13T10:22:41Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 21 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6593952]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User vls]] 8clv0gbnw5xefzywfznzmzwf3wrmx97 10 5440 68250 67893 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8196819]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[Lower Silesian language|sli]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dieser Benutzer koann '''[[:Category:User sli-1|a wing]]''' '''[[:Category:User sli|Schläsch]]'''.[[Category:User sli|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sli-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> 72vorkfd4g7xdhh1cou4kauqjrj4nuc 14 5441 67852 34436 2013-04-13T10:16:07Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587921]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sli]] 80gsidi6diwj2ud3q12qrsaqzaj06mu 14 5442 67853 34328 2013-04-13T10:16:17Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587926]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sli]] i9ab8009wzs238kq3mt5tbligin0zsc 10 5443 68246 67935 2013-08-01T18:40:38Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q10964394]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[Serbo-Croatian language|sh]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Корисник [[:Category:User_sh-2|средње]] говори [[:Category:User_sh|српскохрватски]].<br /> Korisnik [[:Category:User_sh-2|osrednje]] govori [[:Category:User_sh|hrvatskosrpski]].[[Category:User sh|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sh-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> 8gdevfckntz18d2uy0b8iysmv67v6cw 14 5444 67848 62458 2013-04-13T10:14:30Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 60 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587689]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sh]] j9te827yox9kcrwpqie6cwzuhwxfj03 14 5445 67849 62449 2013-04-13T10:14:58Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 51 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6587720]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sh]] m12vprbrsrfujlm33ul0c4gja2c8spl 10 5446 68256 68004 2013-08-01T18:40:40Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6968541]] wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"><table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr><td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:12pt">'''[[Upper Saxon language|sxu]]-1'''</td><td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Dor Benutzor hior gann krad ma '''[[:Category:User sxu-1|ä ganz gleenes bissl]]''' '''[[:Category:User sxu|Sächs'sch]]''' spräschn, 's is awwor eing'sch nisch dor Räde wärt.[[Category:User sxu|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sxu-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td></tr></table></div> rjotx1klb57cbhqx0nfsydrdpsjqrk5 14 5447 67622 62461 2013-04-02T19:06:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 27 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588356]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedians by language|sxu]] 12fo2m89i84wegvzpxyudv9tensb4is 14 5448 67620 62460 2013-04-02T19:06:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 26 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6588363]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User sxu]] 1v3g2pspdq6npcjg8z7scvywq2zqe5y 14 5451 67333 61449 2013-03-14T05:57:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6888057]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 5452 79394 78137 2021-09-10T15:17:34Z Freanjkser432 10102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kanada</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flagge_Kanadas.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Kanada</font>]] '''Ibendera rya [[Kanada]]''' rizwi cyane, rikaba ari umweru n’umutuku. Hagati harimo ishusho ry’ikibabi cy’igiti cyitwa ''érable'' ushobora gusanga henshi muri icyo gihugu, kikaba cyinatanga umutobe uryoshye (''sirop d'érable''). rattah'lino pazerelo est ugamna d'omdd escp suca-leminchie- cirig {{stub}} [[Category:Amabendera y’Igihugu]] [[Category:Kanada]] nkystszvdzqpji49nhsa6311whszlcm 14 5455 67334 59807 2013-03-14T05:57:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 110 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7009214]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5456 67996 67977 2013-04-20T10:51:55Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:Wikidata]] on [[d:Q4368434]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 5457 66651 62676 2013-03-11T11:15:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 124 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4368335]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 5458 66644 63865 2013-03-11T11:15:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 123 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5609626]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 5459 67764 61018 2013-04-13T09:31:57Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 107 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130991]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 14 5460 67323 60637 2013-03-14T05:57:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 113 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7085149]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5461 67322 61027 2013-03-14T05:57:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 99 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7084421]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5462 67325 59637 2013-03-14T05:57:16Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 108 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7060103]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5463 67324 58130 2013-03-14T05:57:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7144597]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Malesiya]] 9ay24ccvgjp3vjr2ojykjrwosadhyop 14 5464 66586 64459 2013-03-11T11:14:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 108 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6254798]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5465 67326 62333 2013-03-14T05:57:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 106 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7085006]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 14 5468 70687 67413 2016-09-15T07:45:13Z Frhdkazan 4377 [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] [[Category:Tatarisitani]] 3uoov6kn46u994tqcnnn0p0b2adk4fm 14 5472 67352 61059 2013-03-14T05:59:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7158231]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Gutwara abantu n’ibintu]] 8472duyz0c6yizsisytph4dn57kfa85 14 5473 68063 67911 2013-05-17T17:02:44Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[kbd:Категориэ:Укрэинэ]] (deleted) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5474 77437 77436 2021-08-10T03:09:04Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Мечеть 2011 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ahat-Jami''']] [[Dosiye:Панорама - panoramio (52).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ahat-Jami''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ahat-Jami''' (izina mu [[kinya-ikarayini]]: ''Ахать Джамі'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Donetsk]] muri [[Ikerene]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Ikerene]] 89n0iaav7ovnujfhocq20o3dw0aaf20 14 5475 67645 63993 2013-04-02T19:07:59Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 8 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7841357]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Ikerene]] pz4a8qaukdv7crfn9bgjazje7p4tqg9 0 5476 77653 69377 2021-08-14T19:30:35Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Проспект Строителей 05.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ivanovo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Ivanovo asv2018-08 img58 aerial view.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Ivanovo]] '''Umusigiti wa Ivanovo''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Ивановская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ivanovo]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] lg2lknm94rkrivzrr11csjry2jcc8ps 14 5477 66852 62365 2013-03-11T11:20:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 19 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6731956]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] pn8xlq71lumj348qppyx4sbwfmhvzlu 0 5478 78066 77600 2021-08-20T10:33:38Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Trinity Church in Irkutsk.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Irkutsk''']] [[Dosiye:Иркутск._Соломатинская_улица_мечеть_Мусульманское_училище.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Irkutsk''']] '''Umusigiti wa Irkutsk''' (izina mu [[gitatari]]: ''Irkutsk şəhəre camiğ məçete'' cyangwa ''Иркутск шәһәре җамигъ мәчете''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Иркутская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Irkutsk]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] 0rx4goilmmc2v6mk51pgqyt11zsh6xb 0 5479 78067 69351 2021-08-20T10:39:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ryazan oblast Kasimov Khan mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kasimov</font>]] [[File:Ryazan oblast Kasimov Khan mosques mikhrab.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kasimov</font>]] [[Dosiye:Мечеть_в_Касимове.jpg|thumb|Kasimov inyuma ]] '''Umusigiti wa Kasimov''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Ханская мечеть в Касимове'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kasimov]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] bknlp0ael9ng9jun1uejoz2emiwye2n 0 5480 78068 77748 2021-08-20T10:45:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ljalja-Tjulpan.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Lyalya-Tyulpan</font>]] [[Dosiye:ӨФӨ-7.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Lyalya-Tyulpan''']] [[Dosiye:Мечеть_Ляля_Тюльпан_на_закате.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Lyalya-Tyulpan''']] '''Umusigiti wa Lyalya-Tyulpan''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Ляля-Тюльпан'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Ufa]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] hcpk8wkpywz4yclgjxoa74yg91nnj0l 0 5481 78070 77764 2021-08-20T10:51:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dzaeudjihaeu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Muhtarov</font>]] [[Dosiye:MechetVladik.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Muhtarov''' ]] [[Dosiye:Вид_на_суннитскую_мечеть_у_реки_Терек_во_Владикавказе.png|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Muhtarov''']] '''Umusigiti wa Muhtarov''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Мечеть Мухтарова'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Vladikavkaz]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] rjr8bwbcy5cfyhp939303sxgmftibun 0 5482 77785 69332 2021-08-17T03:05:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque in Nakhodka.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nahodka</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosque On Hill In Nakhodka.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Nakhodka]] '''Umusigiti wa Nahodka''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Находкинская мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nahodka]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] i8gyye3x1uvw9ejex24956tu5v0orra 0 5483 82085 82074 2022-02-19T03:52:03Z Jonathan5566 9932 [[phab:T302047]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NN Cathedral Mosque 08-2016.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Nijniy Novgorod</font>]] [[Dosiye:Соборная мечеть Нижний.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Nijniy Novgorod]] [[Dosiye:Мечеть_на_Казанской_набережной.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Nijniy Novgorod]] '''Umusigiti wa Nijniy Novgorod''' (izina mu [[gitatari]]: ''Түбән Новгород җамигъ мәчете''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Нижегородская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Nijniy Novgorod]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] 3nmviugwjedbpc24oovidue4j7zmzyq 0 5484 78114 78073 2021-08-21T03:12:35Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tver mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tver</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tver-mosque-26-10-2015.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Tver</font> ]] [[Dosiye:Mosque Tver.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Tver ]] '''Umusigiti wa Tver''' (izina mu [[gitatari]]: ''Tver şəhəre camiğ məçete, Тверь шәһәре җамигъ мәчете''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Тверская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Tver]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] i7yqh9oohoyx361ma1c5md8qzbssacs 0 5485 78121 78074 2021-08-21T03:26:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yaroslavl cathedral mosque 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yaroslav</font>]] [[Dosiye:Yaroslavl_cathedral_mosque_02.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Yaroslav</font>]] [[Dosiye:Мечеть на улице Победы в Ярославле.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Yaroslav]] '''Umusigiti wa Yaroslav''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Ярославская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Yaroslav]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] 6c2z64yvv77wwcz22xuxzno8psmxq2r 0 5486 78072 77802 2021-08-20T11:03:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Perm asv2019-05 img48 Cathedral Mosque.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Perm</font>]] [[Dosiye:PermMosque1303.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Perm]] [[Dosiye:PermMosque1299.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa Perm 1299]] '''Umusigiti wa Perm''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Пермская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Perm]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] 099kmt46r7yvksp67hfbr1r157gtmju 14 5487 67726 64116 2013-04-13T08:43:12Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 67 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q8357335]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] 1pta8u9twit4rp0siiv8m2tfzphd4kt 0 5488 78064 77583 2021-08-20T10:21:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque 2, Grozny, Russia.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Grozny''']] [[Dosiye:Grozny,_Russia,_Akhmad_Kadyrov_Mosque,_Courtyard_2.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Grozny''']] '''Umusigiti wa Grozny''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Сердце Чечни'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Grozny]] mu [[Ceceniya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti ya Ceceniya]] enq3qgwupztydbnz9ko6bqqo96k8fmp 14 5489 70688 67634 2016-09-15T07:46:41Z Frhdkazan 4377 [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] [[Category:Ceceniya]] ay6s4eka4qyyvdhlh81cvlk0agqpz16 0 5490 69287 66705 2015-03-04T06:51:37Z Cekli829 859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kolom mechet.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Kolomyagi</font>]] '''Umusigiti wa Kolomyagi''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Коломяжская мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Kolomyagi]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] rd1fawe6am04hrsg7e983ejvuepfsmy 0 5491 77872 77871 2021-08-18T03:18:34Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosque SPB.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Saint Petersburg</font>]] [[Dosiye:Санкт-Петербургская соборная мечеть - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Saint Petersburg]] [[Dosiye:Spb Petrogradsky Island Mosque asv2019-09 img2.jpg|thumb|mo imbere mu musigiti wa saint petersburg]] '''Umusigiti wa Saint Petersburg''' (izina mu [[gitatari]]: ''Sankt-Peterburg şəhəre camiğ məçete, Санкт-Петербург шәһәре җамигъ мәчете''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Санкт-Петербургская соборная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Saint Petersburg]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] rop70lmtv4b92ufz04336t1u05dulag 0 5492 78069 77054 2021-08-20T10:48:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Moscow, memorial mosque off Minskaya Street (31286308802).jpg|thumb|''Мемориальная мечеть'']] [[Dosiye:Memorial_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Memorial]] = Umusigiti wa Memorial = Jump to navigationJump to search '''Umusigiti wa Memorial''' (izina mu [[gitatari]]: ''Мемориал мәчете''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Мемориальная мечеть'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Moscow]] mu [[Burusiya]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Burusiya]] fctezvx0oa9xvnr6fl96w2pede8m3rh 14 5493 67718 61169 2013-04-13T08:33:26Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 129 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7130777]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 5497 83609 69757 2022-05-15T08:26:45Z Minorax 8248 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Flag of Podolsk (Moscow oblast).png]] → [[File:Flag of Podolsk (Moscow oblast).svg]] vva wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aerial view of Podolsk.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Podolsk</font>]] [[File:Holy Trinity Church Podolsk 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Podolsk</font>]] [[File:Flag of Podolsk (Moscow oblast).svg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Podolsk</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Podolsk''' (izina mu [[kirusiya]] : ''Подольск'' ) n’[[umujyi]] w’[[Uburusiya]]. [[Category:Imijyi y’Uburusiya]] 9yos1uosjywfh91c8criayzrr2b8hfb 0 5500 71088 68791 2017-07-28T21:51:17Z Pofka 4220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vilnius montage2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Vilnius</font>]] [[File:LietuvaVilnius.png|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lituwaniya na Vilnius</font>]] '''Vilnius''' (izina mu [[Ikilituwaniya|kilituwaniya]]: ''Vilnius'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Lituwaniya]]. Abaturage 546,733. [[Category:Lituwaniya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] 918c8cy1vkv6sjz7npg8uvjzcp0ptrd 14 5501 66762 63272 2013-03-11T11:18:10Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5644488]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Turukiya]] [[Category:Imijyi]] dxlg51y0ac8hmsze43xfd5mc3yzcyh2 0 5502 81462 78458 2022-01-31T10:53:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ağrı Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Ağrı</span>]] [[Dosiye:Agri_Dagi.jpg|thumb|Inka za Agri]] Umujyi wa '''Ağrı''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ağrı'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Ağrı]]. Abaturage 99,276. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Ağrı_Mountain_at_Sunset.jpg|thumb|Umusozi wa Ağrı izuba rirenze]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] knmjmtbvt5o4qozecble9bqirgkzay7 0 5503 81450 78449 2022-01-31T10:51:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adana Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Adana</span>]] [[File:Adana1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Adana</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Adana''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adana'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Adana]]. Abaturage 2,000,000. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] btka5ksmtfeucfdya6inep9nqkdcehq 0 5504 81451 79332 2022-01-31T10:52:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sakarya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Adapazarı</span>]] [[File:Sakaryaistanbulbus.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Adapazarı</span>]] [[Dosiye:Adapazarı.jpg|thumb|''Adapazarı'']] Umujyi wa '''Adapazarı''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adapazarı'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Sakarya]]. Abaturage 243,204 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] oc9uk2ppy9cqw6rj1alsw87lwowx6j5 0 5505 81453 78450 2022-01-31T10:52:25Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adıyaman_Turkey_Provinces_locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Adıyaman</span>]] [[File:ADIYAMAN.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Adıyaman</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Adıyaman''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Adıyaman'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Adıyaman]]. Abaturage 202,735. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] sacanrauq2792inam3nbid010jd9v6r 0 5506 81512 78646 2022-01-31T11:01:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aydın Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Aydın</span>]] [[File:Aydin Merkez 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Aydın</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Beylik_of_Aydin.png|thumb|Ibendera rya  Aydin]] [[Dosiye:Aydin_Bey_mosque_4635.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Aydin]] Umujyi wa '''Aydın''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Aydın'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa|u]] [[umurwa|murwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Aydın]]. Abaturage 172,000. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 5ji5hu61fqac5wnum0mm6p0xepic5my 0 5507 81504 78530 2022-01-31T11:00:07Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aksaray Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Aksaray</span>]] [[File:Turkey.Aksaray014.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Aksaray</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Aksaray''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Aksaray'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Aksaray]]. Abaturage 176,504. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] k51zvi4lk9o3ha34blrpjqywiwdonwy 0 5508 24688 2011-02-13T15:16:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amasya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amasya]] k32giu9w6pf752sxu9nc7qdpu8urc5q 0 5509 81507 78543 2022-01-31T11:00:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amasya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Amasya</span>]] [[File:Şehzadeler şehri Amasya....jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Amasya</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Amasya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Amasya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Amasya]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 91,874 (2012). [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Kral_Kaya_Mezarlıkları_&_Amasya_Kalesi.jpg|thumb|Amasya]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7jxe9q530wkmkjscgc5tg85ag63b2c5 0 5510 81551 78700 2022-01-31T11:07:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hatay Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Antakya</span>]] [[File:Antakya16.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Antakya</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Antakya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Antakya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Hatay]]. Abaturage 216 960 (2012). [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Antakya_view_3.jpg|thumb|I<span style="color:grey;">foto y’umujyi wa Antakya</span>]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 495e3hw6mwleqe0tjnp8l3u3yzv100r 0 5511 81552 78701 2022-01-31T11:07:31Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Antalya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Antalya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Antalya.JPG|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Umujyi wa Antalya</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Antalya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Antalya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Antalya]]. Abaturage 1,001,318. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 6vu9zecf7a3t3araoqjsihb0jie01d8 0 5512 81508 78641 2022-01-31T11:00:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Ardahan - panoramio - Gürsoy Tokgöz (1).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Ardahan]] [[File:Ardahan Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Ardahan</span>]] [[File:Ardahan Yolu.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Ardahan</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ardahan.JPG|thumb|ardahan]] Umujyi wa '''Ardahan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Ardahan'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Ardahan]]. Abaturage 17,171 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] r64s02i0ae4yggw2l4v3mqre5psidpy 0 5513 81510 78644 2022-01-31T11:01:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Artvin Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Artvin</span>]] [[File:Artvin0.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Artvin</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Artvin''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Artvin'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Artvin]]. Abaturage 24,468. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 3a3unscjt5ohjxxgyuxqtoc58a990f9 0 5514 81460 78452 2022-01-31T10:53:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Afyonkarahisar_Turkey_Provinces_locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Afyonkarahisar</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Afyonkarahisar''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Afyonkarahisar'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Afyonkarahisar]]. Abaturage 173,100. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 9pn0d58681vqbs5nimauh7ulhpqrvgt 0 5515 81470 78471 2022-01-31T10:55:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Bayburt, 69000 Bayburt Merkez-Bayburt, Turkey - panoramio (4).jpg|thumb|300px|right| Bayburt]] [[File:Bayburt Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bayburt</span>]] [[File:Bayburttan.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Bayburt</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Bayburt''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Bayburt'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Bayburt]]. Abaturage 32,141. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] i7udsug9uw2b77k3488t2m8bnti19gi 0 5516 81467 78465 2022-01-31T10:54:33Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Balıkesir Turkey Provinces locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Balıkesir</span>]] [[File:Balıkesirmerkez.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Balıkesir</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Balıkesir''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Balıkesir'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Balıkesir]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 267,903 (2012). [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] pvqfes8w5apvpha273vq56t7x8h72lj 0 5517 81468 78467 2022-01-31T10:54:42Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Bartın 51.JPG|thumb|300px|right| Bartın]] [[File:Bartın Turkey Provinces locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bartın</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Bartın''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Bartın'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Bartın]]. Ituwe n'abaturage 149,613 (2016). [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] ekbhp4ras6g8c7mfp9ynuqby5iex0qr 0 5518 81469 78469 2022-01-31T10:54:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Batman Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Batman</span>]] [[File:Batman(city).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Batman</span>]] [[Dosiye:Batman_Merkez.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Batman]] Umujyi wa '''Batman''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Batman'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Batman]]. Abaturage 298,342. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7j1ymoszsyioxopnb621e4z9ys5bmbi 0 5519 81472 78474 2022-01-31T10:55:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bilecik Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bilecik</span>]] [[File:Bilecik Panaroma.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Bilecik</span>]] [[Dosiye:StateRoadD650Bilecik.JPG|thumb|Umuhanda wa Bilecik]] Umujyi wa '''Bilecik''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Bilecik'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Bilecik]]. Abaturage 200,000. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 3yvy13w90r77zzzvxoq4r83043oav41 0 5520 81473 78476 2022-01-31T10:55:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bingöl Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bingöl</span>]] [[Dosiye:Bingöl_Airport.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cy'indege cya Bingöl]] [[Dosiye:Bingöl_Airport_Control_Tower.jpg|thumb|Igenzura ry'ikibuga cy'indege cya Bingöl]] Umujyi wa '''Bingöl''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bingöl'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Bingöl]]. Abaturage 86,511. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] muom9szs69n49mwgw5holgxsvdvm8w5 0 5521 81474 78478 2022-01-31T10:55:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Bêdlis.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Bitlis]] [[File:Bitlis Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bitlis</span>]] [[Dosiye:Bitlis_View_of_city_1385.jpg|thumb|Reba umujyi Bitlis ]] Umujyi wa '''Bitlis''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bitlis'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Bitlis]]. Abaturage 115,169. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 1opcdytgbk8q03o2zl9vt891z4kxsdb 0 5522 81475 78481 2022-01-31T10:55:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bolu Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bolu</span>]] [[File:Bolu-08523 nevit.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Bolu</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Bolu''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bolu'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Bolu]]. Abaturage 120,000. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Dosiye:Bolu062007_8420.jpg|thumb|Bolu nijoro]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] s8dg93q2np9rzj6bv1imkz70cd04npe 0 5523 81476 78484 2022-01-31T10:55:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Burdur manzara - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Burdur]] [[File:Burdur Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Burdur</span>]] [[Dosiye:Salda_lake_,Burdur.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Salda mu Burdur]] Umujyi wa '''Burdur''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Burdur'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Burdur]]. Abaturage 100,000. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] '''Burdur''' è anche una nota imprecazione che il buon ratta il pazzo fa quando un suo studente prende un resit. [[Ratta Il Pazzo]], popolare capo indiano della tribù ies-si-pi, è noto per la sua incompetenza in qualsiasi materia che sia parte dello scibile umano. Porco il clero, è proprio vero! Peggio di lui fa solo il notissimo capo supremo della congrega, il '''Ceera-Freegna'''. Esso, delirando durante le lezioni di materie arcaiche quali la [[macro-ekonomia]], strugge i suoi studenti fino a succhiargli tutta la linfa vitale. A tutto ciò vada aggiunto che, senza inequivocabile ombra di dubbio, Dio è un [[porco]]. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] qtzclbls8w8u8zyykv6upmimzbf5o8t 0 5524 81627 78483 2022-01-31T11:19:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bursa Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Bursa</span>]] [[File:Bursa Ulucami.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Bursa</span>]] [[Dosiye:Hudavendigar_Park_in_Bursa_Turkey.jpg|thumb|Parike ya Hudavendigar mu Bursa]] Umujyi wa '''Bursa''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bursa'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Bursa]]. Abaturage 1,905,570. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] dypiheavq7meazx7raiq9q5za7g454o 0 5525 81498 78272 2022-01-31T10:59:12Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Van Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Van</span>]] [[File:City of Van (view from Van Kalesi).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Van</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Van''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Van'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. , n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Van]]. Abaturage 381,163. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 7blwxd8ek91tfn2qkfzwp9qgetv2z3t 0 5526 81754 79209 2022-01-31T11:38:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gaziantep Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Gaziantep</span>]] [[File:Gaziantep overview.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Gaziantep</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Gaziantep''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Gaziantep'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Gaziantep]]. Abaturage 1,295,050 <ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=buyukbelediye.RDF&p_il1=27&p_kod=2&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Dosiye:Gaziantep_University_Industrial_Engineering.jpg|thumb|Inganda mumujyi wa Gaziantep]] == references == <references group="u" /> [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7mwphikda5fjumgmbdqwjh729s0adfx 0 5527 81780 79232 2022-01-31T11:42:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Giresun Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Giresun</span>]] [[File:Giresun1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Giresun</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Giresun''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Giresun'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Giresun]]. Abaturage 116.310.<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=28&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK ]</ref> [[Dosiye:Giresun.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa</span> Giresun]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == references == <references group="u" /> [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] kvrvcg9swk20mkcym7oq6s7nc662ro7 0 5528 81805 79283 2022-01-31T11:46:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gümüşhane Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Gümüşhane</span>]] [[File:Gümüşhane Genel.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Gümüşhane</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Gümüşhane''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Gümüşhane'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Gümüşhane]]. Abaturage 30,270. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Gümüşhane_Province,_Turkey.JPG|thumb|Umusozi wa Gümüşhane ]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 2kikdbach7tl3r58409ju8p8l6pv25i 0 5529 81700 79103 2022-01-31T11:30:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Denizli Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Denizli</span>]] [[File:TR Denizli asv2020-02 img12 Town hall.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Denizli</span>]] [[Dosiye:TR_Denizli_asv2020-02_img09_Teleferik.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa</span> Denizli ]] Umujyi wa '''Denizli''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Denizli'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Denizli]]. Abaturage 488,768. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7yty3t3sid0ard3b3wn3ht6aopm7kyj 0 5530 81706 79108 2022-01-31T11:31:20Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diyarbakır_Turkey_Provinces_locator.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Diyarbakır</span>]] [[File:Diyarbakirwalls2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Diyarbakır</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Diyarbakır''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Diyarbakır'' ) [[Dosiye:DiyarbakırGaziYasargilHospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Diyarbakır ]] n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Diyarbakır]]. Abaturage 843,460. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] tatrovc96fc9fpmne86av35k525ebhh 0 5531 81713 79139 2022-01-31T11:32:26Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Düzce Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Düzce</span>]] [[File:Sakaryaistanbulbus.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Düzce</span>]] [[Dosiye:Duzce-parki.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Duzce]] Umujyi wa '''Düzce''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Düzce'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Düzce]]. Abaturage 125,240. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] ba4w9i6jy12uj7cof2wb2gna7mi96tj 0 5532 78315 66658 2021-08-24T02:19:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zonguldak Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Zonguldak</font>]] [[File:Zonguldak TTK limanı.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Zonguldak</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Zonguldak''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Zonguldak'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 112,369. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 4xw2vb6dzxbrhk0ekiexzm037u8tkb6 0 5533 78324 71725 2021-08-24T02:32:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:İzmir Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Izmir</font>]] [[File:Izmir coast.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Izmir</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Izmir''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İzmir'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 3,276,815. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|390x390px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] kavb93d2lkrvnfm75m4rcubidnypjw3 0 5534 24746 24738 2011-02-13T16:52:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[İzmir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[İzmir]] mdc6n42tk43ut346v64lmi2ytm9s43h 0 5535 78325 72444 2021-08-24T02:34:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Fevziye mosque & minaret *©Abdullah Kiyga - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|right| İzmit ]] [[File:Kocaeli Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa İzmit</font>]] [[File:Izmit Clock Tower and the historic neighbourhoods.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa İzmit</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Flag of Turkey.]] Umujyi wa '''İzmit''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İzmit'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 293,408 . [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 4uv9wm4kimjsy6q4e8gy4oigjq5kemr 0 5536 78308 72615 2021-08-24T02:01:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Yozgat resim birleşik.JPG|thumb|400px|right| A panoramic view of Yozgat]] [[File:Yozgat Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Yozgat</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Yozgat''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Yozgat'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 95,853. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] hrro2txhjt7ypil7p1go2gg78gwrq07 0 5537 76585 67336 2021-07-28T16:06:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kayseri Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Kayseri</font>]] [[File:Lupus-Collage Kayseri.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kayseri</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kayseri''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Kayseri'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Kayseri]]. Abaturage 950,017. [[Dosiye:Sivas_Avenue_Kayseri.JPG|thumb|Umujyi wa Kayseri]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] h4dtmkjhofcy29xmzw5ybotclz8c1q0 0 5538 76581 72441 2021-07-28T15:45:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Karabük1.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Karabük ]] [[File:Karabük Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Karabük</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Karabük''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Karabük'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Karabük]]. Abaturage 105,146. [[Dosiye:Karabük_at_station_8006.jpg|thumb|Karabük kuri sitasiyo]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 79bnkyqlmwcwfgiuix2vhvma7ccy1tr 0 5539 76582 72442 2021-07-28T15:47:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Karaman 2046.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Karaman ]] [[File:Karaman Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Karaman</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Karaman''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Karaman'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Karaman]]. Abaturage 136,532. [[Dosiye:Karaman_street_scene_4728.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Karaman]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] j96cgrf5nqx5yjxbgm8anxdlm4pekw8 0 5540 76583 66723 2021-07-28T15:51:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kars Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Kars</font>]] [[File:Kars genel görünüm.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kars</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kars''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kars'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Kars]]. Abaturage 76,992. [[Dosiye:Kars_001.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kars</font>]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 6q9acec9vasc1e8cgudsqdvln4nmf78 0 5541 76584 66724 2021-07-28T16:02:27Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kastamonu Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Kastamonu </font>]] [[File:Kastamonu from above.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kastamonu </font>]] [[Dosiye:109_Kastamonu_at_Kale.jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'umujyi wa <font color="grey">Kastamonu </font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kastamonu ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kastamonu '' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Kastamonu]]. Abaturage 82,289. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 0p0gor30nxmjl4e9fcfoe97wvo3e0e3 0 5542 77969 76580 2021-08-19T14:30:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Kahramanmaraş City.JPG|thumb|300px|right| Kahramanmaraş ]] [[Dosiye:Kahramanmaraş.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kahramanmaraş]] Umujyi wa '''Kahramanmaraş''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Kahramanmaraş'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[Kahramanmaraş]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Ağrı]]. Abaturage 605,531. [[Dosiye:Kahramanmaraş_Citadel_094.jpg|thumb|Kahramanmaraş ]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] psc6ogfazopc28tfnlnh4mskad09pd9 0 5543 76587 66722 2021-07-28T16:12:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kilis Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Kilis</font>]] [[File:Kilis city center.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto ya Kilis</font>]] [[Dosiye:AFAD_Kilis_kampı.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kilis]] Umujyi wa '''Kilis''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kilis'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Kilis]]. Abaturage 80,542. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] bhog027gx0dpy1djiiso6bu6b5w49zf 0 5544 77970 76592 2021-08-19T14:35:00Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Konya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Konya</font>]] [[File:Lupus-Collage Konya.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Konya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Konya_Archaeological_Museum,_Turkey_18.jpg|thumb|Inzu Ndangamurage ya Konya]] Umujyi wa '''Konya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Konya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Konya]]. Abaturage 2,503,373. [[Dosiye:Konya_Archaeological_Museum,_Turkey_12.jpg|thumb|Inzu Ndangamurage ya Konya]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] o8eh5sucbnzstjeaphdrfqtbfmm7117 0 5545 76589 70905 2021-07-28T19:18:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kırklareli Tren Garı.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kırklareli</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kırklareli''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Kırklareli'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Kırklareli]]. Abaturage 59,970. [[Dosiye:Kırklareli_museum_0012.jpg|thumb|Inzu ndangamurage ya Kırklareli]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] sf67r8avmm5o3h3fabcisetx82e6hn6 0 5546 76590 70906 2021-07-28T19:23:52Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Turkey.Konya004.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kırşehir</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kırşehir''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Kırşehir'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Kırşehir]]. Abaturage 105,826 . [[Dosiye:Sunset_on_Kirsehir_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|Izuba rirenze mu ntara ya Kirsehir]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] k5573942ravjpwyb6fceilzzn3mlt4s 0 5547 76588 72443 2021-07-28T19:16:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Kırıkkale 1 (2013) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Kırıkkale ]] [[Dosiye:Kırıkkale_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Kırıkkale]] Umujyi wa '''Kırıkkale''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Kırıkkale'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Kırıkkale]]. Abaturage 235,000. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] l43d3g3rn4kk4iuuxq9hpmqxvp7jlrz 0 5548 76593 66719 2021-07-28T19:41:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kütahya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Kütahya</font>]] [[File:Kütahya Clock Tower.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Kütahya</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Kütahya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kütahya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara ya Kütahya]]. Abaturage 213,000. [[Dosiye:Kütahya_castle_view_8700.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kutahya]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 6bbg6ea2fo5w6gsbusiju4jf3bkfzr6 0 5549 76594 66720 2021-07-28T19:43:14Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Malatya Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Malatya</font>]] [[File:Malatya Collage.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Malatya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Malatya_görünüm.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Malatya</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Malatya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Malatya'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 480,144. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] kfh6twacdrtyetkny8qccbs7csu0czi 0 5550 76596 66828 2021-07-28T20:00:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Manisa Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Manisa</font>]] [[File:Ulu Cami önünden Manisa'nın görünüşü 2010.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Manisa</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Manisa''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Manisa'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage [[Dosiye:ManisaTarzanStatue_AhmetBedevi_ManisaTurkey_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Igishushanyo muri Manisa]] 364,547. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 09xaw9b69rtswmbjpetki5g7ravuox9 0 5551 76597 66827 2021-07-28T20:07:18Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mardin Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Mardin</font>]] [[File:Mardin old town.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Mardin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mardin_at_night.jpg|thumb|Mardin nijoro]] Umujyi wa '''Mardin''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Mardin'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 82,449. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] elpvptppkor0ay4esx28ei9rp4uix0r 0 5552 76598 66829 2021-07-28T20:16:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mersin Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Mersin</font>]] [[File:Lupus-Collage Mersin.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Mersin</font>]] [[Dosiye:Mersin_harbor.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Mersin]] Umujyi wa '''Mersin''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Mersin'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 973,754 . [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 138ujbb4pnz9zw135qnjp9t726sklp3 0 5553 76599 69620 2021-07-28T20:19:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zihni Derin Street Mugla Turkey.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Muğla</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Muğla''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Muğla'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 61 [[Dosiye:Mugla_Old_houses_5862.jpg|thumb|Mugla Amazu ashaje]] ,550. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7fs8pvuhaifse0d4ilu2a46x6pu02dv 0 5554 76600 72447 2021-07-28T20:35:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Mush 1213.jpg|thumb|300px|right| General view, Muş ]] [[File:Muş districts.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Muş</font>]] [[Dosiye:Muş_location_Merkez.png|thumb|Ifoto y'ikarita ya Mus]] Umujyi wa '''Muş''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Muş'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 168,817. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] ji5y76shypd81oh8tcyimu2a6e772u4 0 5555 66823 60830 2013-03-11T11:19:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 33 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q206879]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nevşehir Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Nevşehir</font>]] [[File:Turkey.Nevşehir01.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Nevşehir</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Nevşehir''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Nevşehir'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 83,392. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] p250idavtxdw0bkz1po8c1ds5biwps9 0 5556 66826 60829 2013-03-11T11:19:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 32 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q194146]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Niğde Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Niğde</font>]] [[File:Nigde Massif east.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Niğde</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Niğde''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Niğde'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 103,088. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 6y0jalhvqim4tp27bovx0uzhi0zwtlm 0 5557 66825 62999 2013-03-11T11:19:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 39 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q184539]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ordu Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Ordu</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Ordu''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ordu'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 135,881. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 0h6vdndcp0e1afo74pjrjl5xmycdt5d 0 5558 66831 60856 2013-03-11T11:19:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 43 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q181379]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Osmaniye Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Osmaniye</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Osmaniye''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Osmaniye'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 471,804. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] b1hhhlhg31atzq0tt7exg8a8ocvky9w 0 5559 66830 63062 2013-03-11T11:19:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 36 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q201101]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rize Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Rize</font>]] [[File:Rize'den bir görünüm.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Rize</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Rize''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Rize'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 96,503. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 6f0l58b3bx1w6ulpwsj4qabo0tiedra 0 5560 77858 66899 2021-08-18T02:13:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Samsun Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Samsun</font>]] [[File:Samsun.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Samsun</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Samsun''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Samsun'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 1,250,076. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] kaqs6bad8gzpdgmqpo8umsc3apd2haj 0 5561 77865 66900 2021-08-18T02:30:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sivas Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Sivas</font>]] [[File:051 Sivas.07.2006 resize.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Sivas</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Sivas''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Sivas'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 314,595. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|sivas]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] mqvm9re9b4w670uof65m83ikwl328m6 0 5562 66901 64210 2013-03-11T11:21:33Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 39 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q185084]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Siirt Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Siirt</font>]] [[File:City center.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Siirt</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Siirt''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Siirt'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 120,498 . [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 59kfaxuxxycrn9f89fyha8m6pxeje80 0 5563 77864 66902 2021-08-18T02:28:49Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adana Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Sinop</font>]] [[File:Adana1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Sinop</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Sinop''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Sinop'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 35,393. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|sinop]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] szp6y08s7hf4z9fzf53abjvh0s1d5fr 0 5565 78323 74047 2021-08-24T02:31:21Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi w’Istanbul</span>]] [[File:Santa Sofía.jpg|thumb|Agia Sophia]] Umujyi wa '''Istanbul''' cyangwa '''İstanbul''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İstanbul'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Istanbul]]. Abaturage 13,255,685. == Amateka y’Istanbul == Kugwa kwa Konstantinople, ubuturo bw’umwami w’abami Konstantini mu biganza by’[[Abaturukiya]] mu w’1453 kwavugije akarumbeti ko gusamba, gupfa, no kujya mu cyunamocy’ubwmi bw’[[Abaroma]] bw’iburasirazuba, ndetse [[Uburayi]] bwose buhîshwa ubwoba bundi bushya n’igitero cy’Abislamu, kiraba ariko gihagarikwa mu w’1683 na Yohana Sobiyeksi mu ntambara yabereye i [[Viyene]] muri [[Otrishe]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|Flag of Turkey.]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Istanbul == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Hüseyin Avni Mutlu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Kadir Topbaş [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] a8mufaq6mx24izkib4xjj0ur356gzrt 0 5566 77038 69622 2021-08-05T08:11:13Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bedesten Tekirdağ.JPG|thumb|''Tekirdağ'']] Umujyi wa '''Tekirdağ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Tekirdağ'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 140,967 . [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] dgmxuav4z8ow1k3yirtc9364b50lol3 0 5567 77998 70431 2021-08-20T01:30:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tokat Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Tokat</font>]] [[File:Tokat panorama 2012.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Tokat</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Tokat''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Tokat'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 129,879. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 3b8wu4pm0yk99lyvphqjitcs5ihwgh6 0 5568 78000 66894 2021-08-20T01:36:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Trabzon Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Trabzon</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Trabzon''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Trabzon'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 415,652. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] e23qgyglqg0happ6rflem29zfnkq0a8 0 5569 66895 64010 2013-03-11T11:21:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 36 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q202195]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tunceli Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Tunceli</font>]] [[File:Tunceli ville.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Tunceli</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Tunceli''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Tunceli'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 27,091. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 559tkjpgo17grhkos8dhf0fk69drx02 0 5570 78270 72605 2021-08-23T23:42:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Usak station.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Uşak train station]] [[File:Uşak Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Uşak</font>]] [[File:HalukOzozluWwwSihirliturComDulgerogluHouseUsak.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Uşak</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Uşak''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Uşak'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 180,414. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 19i4xcsuysw96c2r1e8fyyk84kkgp8t 0 5571 81808 79288 2022-01-31T11:47:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Hakkari...Şehir.. - panoramio.jpg |thumb|300px|right| Hakkari ]] [[File:Hakkâri Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Hakkâri</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Hakkâri''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Hakkâri'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Hakkâri]]. Abaturage 60,891. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 07rj1li49z3jik8zwmwmo5nsvthbly4 0 5572 78317 66623 2021-08-24T02:22:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Çanakkale Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Çanakkale</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Çanakkale''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Çanakkale'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 96,588. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 4oovkggtrv3r93l0puxz1dqw1d3ox8j 0 5573 78319 66622 2021-08-24T02:25:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Çankırı Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Çankırı</font>]] [[File:Çankırı (Kaleden).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Çankırı</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Çankırı''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Çankırı'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 62,508. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|458x458px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] 2uqgs0lx09mc1411u0jh97he0qqpo0i 0 5574 70452 66621 2016-02-27T12:52:40Z Alonso de Mendoza 2958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Çorum Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Çorum</font>]] [[File:Lion Gate, Hattusa 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Çorum</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Çorum''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Çorum'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 218,130. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] c5sd5sdgzj7z46wsb2wolgw71xi7o1k 0 5575 78328 66620 2021-08-24T02:40:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Şanlıurfa Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Şanlıurfa</font>]] [[File:Urfaabrahamscave.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Şanlıurfa</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Şanlıurfa''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Şanlıurfa'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 1,663,371 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Flag of Turkey.]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] sjku57pvzyx0qiaq22m21x5pu1gs8ka 0 5576 78418 67606 2021-08-24T22:07:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Şırnak Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Şırnak</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Şırnak''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Şırnak'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 7,172. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] ar6gyyk2s4on0wlbm5hz1rwy29g0m5s 0 5577 79320 72357 2021-08-31T21:46:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iğdır Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Iğdır</font>]] [[File:Iğdır ve Ağrı Dağı.jpg|thumb|250px|]] [[File:Iğdır at night.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Iğdır</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Iğdır''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Iğdır'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Iğdır]]. Abaturage 76,950. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] id145sswn9jc4cxa2xojd7ze65e0fri 0 5578 66618 63065 2013-03-11T11:15:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 47 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q171031]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Isparta Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Isparta</font>]] [[File:DaglardanIsparta.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Isparta</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Isparta''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Isparta'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Isparta]]. Abaturage 211,614. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] r1ewx6ujxw1ih0hqba89se81qzrjroz 0 5579 81716 79152 2022-01-31T11:32:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edirne Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Edirne</span>]] [[File:Edirne 7333 Nevit.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Edirne</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Edirne''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Edirne'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Edirne]]. Abaturage 141,570 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] b4iwhfzu37ylks7lzd3y0vlg5ypodzp 0 5580 81718 69127 2022-01-31T11:33:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elazığ_Turkey_Provinces_locator_-_2.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Elazığ</span>]] [[File:Hazarbaba.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Elazığ (Imisozi ya Hazarbaba)</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Elazığ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Elazığ'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Elazığ]]. Abaturage 375,715. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] isdib6v94b1yxf3bxy53144lmnptcsd 0 5581 81725 79164 2022-01-31T11:34:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Erzincan Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Erzincan</span>]] [[Dosiye:ErzincanCenter.jpg|thumb]] Umujyi wa '''Erzincan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Erzincan'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Erzincan]]. Abaturage 213,538 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] qxxmh7nkx3zqttcljhajfsspg9n5zb4 0 5582 81726 79165 2022-01-31T11:34:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Erzurum Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Erzurum</span>]] [[File:Erzurum.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Erzurum</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Erzurum''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Erzurum'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Erzurum]]. Abaturage 603,810. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] qqfa7swhc7qkg41o4z5ljbj1i9npcbq 0 5583 81729 79168 2022-01-31T11:34:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eskişehir Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Eskişehir</span>]] [[File:Eskişehir odunpazarı evleri.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Eskişehir</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Eskişehir''' (izina mu [[giturukiya ]] : ''Eskişehir'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]], n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Intara y’Eskişehir]]. Abaturage 625,453. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] sffgcxak8qvawgg673g7ip75jztbwr7 0 5584 72614 66679 2020-07-23T21:58:27Z Tarih 1914 +image #WPWPTR #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image: Makhachkala park in Yalova.jpg|thumb|300px|right| Makhachkala park in Yalova]] [[File:Yalova Turkey Provinces locator.gif|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Yalova</font>]] [[File:Yalova kuş bakışı görünüm.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Yalova</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Yalova''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Yalova'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Turukiya]]. Abaturage 92,166. [[Category:Imijyi ya Turukiya]] qgj57whseqckx7e2evxd6j37xz1lzdg 0 5585 81782 79234 2022-01-31T11:43:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Girne 2006-07-20.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Girne</span>]] Umujyi wa '''Girne''' cyangwa '''Kyrenia''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Girne'' ; izina mu [[kigereki]] : ''Κερύνεια'' ) n’[[umujyi]] wa [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. Abaturage 62,158. [[Dosiye:Coast with Dome Hotel, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus 03.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|kyrenia]] [[Dosiye:Girne_izulaş.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Girne</span>]] [[Category:Imijyi ya Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] 6q3908yy51pwb7sojvt68be8ojniwoo 0 5586 25047 2011-02-15T18:29:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Girne]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Girne]] 48oh9qsj58q52c9gw9l5pvb0mc1pmpq 14 5587 67610 54975 2013-04-02T19:05:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8780916]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]] [[Category:Imijyi]] 0a701l5jv0w30owli0fgnu4fw0xtc8q 0 5588 77999 75869 2021-08-20T01:35:34Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tokyo Montage 2015.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Tokyo</font>]] [[File:Map of Japan with highlight on 13 Tokyo prefecture.svg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tokyo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Buildings with colorful neon street signs at blue hour, Shinjuku, Tokyo.jpg|thumb|Night street Tokyo]] Umujyi wa '''Tokyo''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : '''東京''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Ubuyapani]]. Abaturage 13,010,279. [[File:Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Tokyo n’Imisozi ya Fuji]] [[File:Imperial Palace Tokyo Panorama.jpg|thumb|center|800px|]] [[File:Imperial Palace Pano Some CROPPED RESIZED.png|thumb|center|800px|]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Ubuyapani]] [[Category:Imirwa]] qua2ehdossrvtdllid44x9z3r7f18zm 14 5589 70156 68305 2015-08-03T05:33:15Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6056272]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuyapani]] [[Category:Imijyi]] [[eo:Kategorio:Municipoj de Japanio]] [[ja:Category:日本の市町村]] jdif6elduvyhqcbyvdyjhuu01lqvfwb 0 5590 79308 78730 2021-08-31T21:35:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hiroshima - Percentages of Destruction.jpg|thumb|Hiroshima - Destruction]] [[Dosiye:Hiroshima skyline.jpg|thumb|'''Hiroshima''']] [[Dosiye:広島駅南北自由通路_2018年1月.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cyindege cya Hiroshima]] Umujyi wa '''Hiroshima''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : '''広島''' ) n’[[umujyi]] w’[[Ubuyapani]]. Abaturage 1,173,980. [[Dosiye:Flag of Japan.svg|center|thumb|420x420px]] == Weblinks == {{Commons|広島市}} [[Category:Imijyi y’Ubuyapani]] 7fwx2o5u40ensotfw0nswfpn3ekffib 0 5591 75870 75865 2021-06-28T04:40:36Z Mtarch11 9129 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Kalimantan tatsu|Kalimantan tatsu]] ([[User talk:Kalimantan tatsu|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nagasaki in Nagasaki Prefecture Ja.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’umujyi wa Nagasaki</font>]] [[File:Nagasaki C1414.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Nagasaki</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Nagasaki''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : '''長崎市''' ) n’[[umujyi]] w’[[Ubuyapani]]. Abaturage 446,007. [[Category:Imijyi y’Ubuyapani]] iwtul9j3obsjc6wt2efisonbjuhln12 0 5592 78307 75868 2021-08-24T02:00:19Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Japan Yokohama.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Yokohama</font>]] Umujyi wa '''Yokohama''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : '''横浜市''' ) n’[[umujyi]] w’[[Ubuyapani]]. Abaturage 3,654,427. [[Dosiye:Flag of Japan.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|japan]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Ubuyapani]] 81r7n9j749njugd861cxnaf5mhqdarc 14 5593 63232 25188 2013-02-02T23:47:01Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: zh,jv,pl,fr,ko,be,he,es,lv,it,gl,sw,et,id,de,ja,br,ar,nl,pt,is,eo,sk,ru,sr,tr,no,ca,fi,uk,be-x-old,cy,sl,os,cs,fa,bg,ka,lt,da,an (strongly connected to [[rw:Category:Imijyi y’Uburusiya]]),ku,ur (deleted) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Siriya]] [[Category:Imijyi]] rtj1kmtcy0hc43raj90aq1wsnvkeaa7 14 5594 67346 62226 2013-03-14T05:58:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7130769]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Imijyi]] cm0qx2494u73zpy73xz4c5eoiitlppm 14 5595 66778 61625 2013-03-11T11:18:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 74 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6439839]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Isirayeli]] [[Category:Imijyi]] 7lxp0yv8v29cglmjurha8t8acr35ace 14 5596 70157 68307 2015-08-03T05:33:25Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 3 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q7287437]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Burezile]] [[Category:Imijyi]] [[gv:Ronney:Baljyn 'sy Vrasseel]] [[sv:Kategori:Orter i Brasilien]] 8jsrgr9ebbdj0b8pe84tv4vbg84upqx 14 5597 67626 62228 2013-04-02T19:06:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 66 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7214633]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Arabiya Sawudite]] [[Category:Imijyi]] juh6vjsrq09mawex8swm2ub6v5caghi 0 5598 77997 70365 2021-08-20T01:29:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Tibet.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibendera rya Tibeti</font>]] [[File:Tibet-claims.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Tibeti</font>]] '''Tibeti''' (izina mu [[kinyatibeti]] : '''བོད''' ; izina mu [[gishinwa]] : '''西藏''' ) n’[[igihugu]] mu [[Bushinwa]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru wa Tibeti witwa [[Lhasa]]. [[Dosiye:Lhasa vom Potala II.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Lhasa]] [[Category:Tibeti| ]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 0ao7kdss7sj919r47oc9oorj1f97w3o 14 5599 67627 62268 2013-04-02T19:06:52Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7217382]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubushinwa]] 2013gfhjpu8j6rba4ts9c7qiw72v5r4 0 5600 78404 66890 2021-08-24T11:56:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lhasa Valley in Tibet.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Lhasa</font>]] [[File:Lhasa.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Lhasa</font>]] [[Dosiye:View_over_Lhasa._1993.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ifoto y’umujyi wa Lhasa</font>]] '''Lhasa''' (izina mu [[kinyatibeti]] : '''ལྷ་ས་''' ; izina mu [[gishinwa]] : '''拉萨''' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Tibeti]]. [[Category:Tibeti]] m0dievmcwp2qm6iwaj145tt2mhd0m17 0 5606 81774 79229 2022-01-31T11:41:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kzkzkz.jpg|thumb|350px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] Ururimi rwa '''Igikazaki''' (izina mu gikazaki : ''қазақша'' cyangwa ''қазақ тілі'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Kazakisitani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''kaz'''. [[Dosiye:Çin'in Kazakistan Büyükelçiliği.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|kazakistan]] <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’gikazaki == Igikazaki kigizwe n’inyuguti 42 : '''а ә б в г ғ д е ё ж з и й к қ л м н ң о ө п р с т у ұ ү ф х һ ц ч ш щ ъ ы і ь э ю я''' :inyajwi 12 : '''а ә е и о ө ұ ү у ы і э''' :indagi 26 : '''б в г ғ д ж з й к қ л м н ң п р с т у ф х һ ц ч ш щ''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[А]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ә]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Б]]||width=3% align="center"|[[В]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Г]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ғ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Д]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Е]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ё]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ж]]||width=3% align="center"|[[З]]||width=3% align="center"|[[И]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Й]]||width=3% align="center"|[[К]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Қ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Л]]||width=3% align="center"|[[М]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Н]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ң]]||width=3% align="center"|[[О]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ө]]||width=3% align="center"|[[П]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Р]]||width=3% align="center"|[[С]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Т]]||width=3% align="center"|[[У]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ұ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ү]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ф]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Х]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Һ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ц]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ч]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ш]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Щ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ъ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ы]]||width=3% align="center"|[[І]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ь]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Э]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ю]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Я]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="42" | |- |align="center"|а||align="center"|ә||align="center"|б||align="center"|в||align="center"|г||align="center"|ғ||align="center"|д||align="center"|е||align="center"|ё||align="center"|ж||align="center"|з||align="center"|и||align="center"|й||align="center"|к||align="center"|қ||align="center"|л||align="center"|м||align="center"|н||align="center"|ң||align="center"|о||align="center"|ө||align="center"|п||align="center"|р||align="center"|с||align="center"|т||align="center"|у||align="center"|ұ||align="center"|ү||align="center"|ф||align="center"|х||align="center"|һ||align="center"|ц||align="center"|ч||align="center"|ш||align="center"|щ||align="center"|ъ||align="center"|ы||align="center"|і||align="center"|ь||align="center"|э||align="center"|ю||align="center"|я |} </center> == Imibare == * '''бір''' – rimwe * '''екі''' – kabiri * '''үш''' – gatatu * '''төрт''' – kane * '''бес''' – gatanu * '''алты''' – gatandatu * '''жеті''' – karindwi * '''сегіз''' – umunani * '''тоғыз''' – icyenda * '''он''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu gikazaki == * http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Басты_бет [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Kazakisitani]] j0dkfd1xluxwtridr3a3c8sf7s9s3y8 0 5607 25668 2011-02-23T21:50:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikazaki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikazaki]] 8z8fqy878by6pey9hkp7rzmdjb142uq 0 5611 26410 26354 2011-03-06T14:21:58Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Intara y’Amasya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Amasya]] jj4wavdvplg00azcyh444k2s7osa4bf 0 5612 26355 2011-03-06T10:26:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ağrı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ağrı]] 9gpvbph6j7ppx3j5k6oeu4lcrvy3stn 0 5613 26356 2011-03-06T10:26:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Ağrı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Ağrı]] te5yrvqtnsn0l8y1suis2fv9womqygr 0 5614 81578 78459 2022-01-31T11:11:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Ağrı.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ağrı</span>]] [[File:Ağrı (tr).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ağrı</span>]] '''Intara y’Ağrı''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ağrı ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Ağrı witwa [[Ağrı (umujyi)|umujyi w’Ağrı]]. Abaturage 542,022 <ref>TÜİK</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Adana == * [[Akarere k’Ağrı]] * [[Akarere ka Diyadin]] * [[Akarere ka Doğubeyazıt]] * [[Akarere k’Eleşkirt]] * [[Akarere ka Hamur]] * [[Akarere ka Patnos]] * [[Akarere ka Taşlıçay]] * [[Akarere ka Tutak]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.agri.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] sxdrhbh0jwiqvch0q3s92sc8xvucloc 14 5615 68297 39172 2013-08-17T22:32:26Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6578749]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Turukiya]] [[ur:زمرہ:شہر (ترکی)]] sxyeu05abz7bcp5s9seduvoq8e8h57k 0 5616 26398 2011-03-06T11:04:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adana]] i43ly3p6my6w4tuzsx0rxzj1jmt6apr 0 5617 26399 2011-03-06T11:04:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adapazarı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adapazarı]] 7a0t4ru4li4tnmb9owp02tgp71ps3r2 0 5618 67617 60794 2013-04-02T19:06:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q40549]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Adana.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y’Adana</font>]] [[File:Adana location districts.svg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y’Adana</font>]] '''Intara y’Adana''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adana ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Adana witwa [[Adana (umujyi)|umujyi w’Adana]]. Abaturage 2,006,650<ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=1&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. == Uturere tw’Adana == [[Umujyi w’Adana]] = Yüreğir, Karaisalı, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Çukurova. * [[Akarere k’Aladağ]] * [[Akarere ka Ceyhan]] * [[Akarere k’İmamoğlu]] * [[Akarere ka Yüreğir]] * [[Akarere ka Karaisalı]] * [[Akarere ka Karataş]] * [[Akarere ka Kozan]] * [[Akarere ka Pozantı]] * [[Akarere ka Saimbeyli]] * [[Akarere ka Sarıçam]] * [[Akarere ka Seyhan]] * [[Akarere ka Tufanbeyli]] * [[Akarere ka Feke]] * [[Akarere ka Çukurova]] * [[Akarere ka Yumurtalık]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.adana.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] k81o0lliiaxweajdli9w2mts68p3g9c 0 5619 26422 2011-03-06T18:57:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adıyaman]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adıyaman]] 4xp0uydsmd2ri91p606quep25287i7p 0 5620 26423 2011-03-06T18:58:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Adıyaman]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Adıyaman]] r1w4js7dgkf52z0cam6plukt6loy6oe 0 5621 81454 78455 2022-01-31T10:52:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Adıyaman.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Adıyaman</span>]] [[File:Adıyaman (tr).svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Adıyaman</span>]] '''Intara y’Adıyaman''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adıyaman ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Adıyaman witwa [[Adana (umujyi)|umujyi w’Adana]]. Abaturage 2,006,650 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=1&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Adana == * [[Akarere k’Adıyaman]] * [[Akarere ka Besni]] * [[Akarere ka Çelikhan]] * [[Akarere ka Gerger]] * [[Akarere ka Gölbaşı]] * [[Akarere ka Kahta]] * [[Akarere ka Samsat]] * [[Akarere ka Sincik]] * [[Akarere ka Tut]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.agri.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] 4jpzlb5nudih519i0ksb2bvie4qb8oy 0 5622 26425 2011-03-06T19:03:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adana]] 8qxtgtb5fymogccckg603tewwdo8lr4 0 5623 26426 2011-03-06T19:03:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adıyaman]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adıyaman]] 4xp0uydsmd2ri91p606quep25287i7p 0 5624 26427 2011-03-06T19:04:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ağrı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ağrı]] qafnol41yyk018mwkp032vo962c3rbt 0 5625 26430 2011-03-06T19:10:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aydın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aydın]] nlwxp4dvu23r0whtz7ep3p9gv5ypes1 0 5626 26431 2011-03-06T19:11:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Aydın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Aydın]] lc0o7xvirf4mkkhq3bazi14nh6rskcq 0 5627 81575 78647 2022-01-31T11:11:07Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Aydın.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Aydın</span>]] [[File:Aydın location districts.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Aydın</span>]] '''Intara y’Aydın''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Aydın ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Aydın witwa [[Aydın (umujyi)|umujyi w’Aydın]]. Abaturage 946,971 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=1&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Aydın == * [[Akarere k’Aydın]] * [[Akarere ka Bozdoğan]] * [[Akarere ka Buharkent]] * [[Akarere ka Çine]] * [[Akarere ka Didim]] * [[Akarere ka Germencik]] * [[Akarere ka İncirliova]] * [[Akarere ka Karacasu]] * [[Akarere ka Karpuzlu]] * [[Akarere ka Koçarlı]] * [[Akarere ka Köşk]] * [[Akarere ka Kuşadası]] * [[Akarere ka Kuyucak]] * [[Akarere ka Nazilli]] * [[Akarere ka Söke]] * [[Akarere ka Sultanhisar]] * [[Akarere ka Yenipazar]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.aydin.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] he4skck3cck0z5yqfqafhi60617tosq 0 5628 26434 2011-03-06T19:14:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aydın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aydın]] nlwxp4dvu23r0whtz7ep3p9gv5ypes1 0 5629 26435 2011-03-06T19:18:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aksaray]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aksaray]] qys53097q4nq5vrtivm38t398lhz8ow 0 5630 26436 2011-03-06T19:19:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aksaray]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aksaray]] qys53097q4nq5vrtivm38t398lhz8ow 0 5631 26437 2011-03-06T19:20:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Aksaray]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Aksaray]] glydplyg8etfr55ntyzty01fdnxy0fc 0 5632 81517 78531 2022-01-31T11:02:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Aksaray.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Aksaray</span>]] [[File:Aksaray districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Aksaray</span>]] '''Intara y’Aksaray''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Aksaray ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Aksaray witwa [[Aksaray (umujyi)|umujyi w’Aksaray]]. Abaturage 366,109 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TÜİK |url=http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=68&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |accessdate=2011-03-06 |archive-date=2009-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819023418/http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=68&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Aksaray == * [[Akarere k’Ağaçören]] * [[Akarere k’Aksaray]] * [[Akarere k’Eskil]] * [[Akarere ka Gülağaçı]] * [[Akarere ka Güzelyurt]] * [[Akarere k’Ortaköy]] * [[Akarere ka Sarıyahşi]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.aksaray.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] fp484e50upxb5eh0yfgi1v4vykuieii 0 5633 26443 2011-03-06T19:32:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amasya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amasya]] cjn2lzftojy9cjek0cj62qx25knxxt5 0 5634 26447 2011-03-06T19:44:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Antalya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antalya]] 6ovw0iemjw0n4biplkd6lxu48ya2vfp 0 5635 26448 2011-03-06T19:44:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Antalya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Antalya]] kbbciuwroy9yxjk04joao43eet65ovw 0 5636 81553 70545 2022-01-31T11:07:40Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Antalya.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Antalya</span>]] [[File:Antalya location districts.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Antalya</span>]] [[File:Dudenfall(antalya).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Düden</span>]] '''Intara y’Antalya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Antalya ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Antalya witwa [[Antalya (umujyi)|umujyi w’Antalya]]. Abaturage 1,978,333 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=07&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. == Uturere tw’Antalya == [[Umujyi w’Antalya]] = Aksu, Döşemealtı, Kepez, Konyaaltı, Muratpaşa * [[Akarere k’Akseki]] * [[Akarere k’Aksu]] * [[Akarere k’Alanya]] * [[Akarere ka Demre]] * [[Akarere ka Döşemealtı]] * [[Akarere k’Elmalı]] * [[Akarere ka Finike]] * [[Akarere ka Gazipaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Gündoğmuş]] * [[Akarere k’İbradi]] * [[Akarere ka Kaş]] * [[Akarere ka Kemer]] * [[Akarere ka Kepez]] * [[Akarere ka Konyaaltı]] * [[Akarere ka Korkuteli]] * [[Akarere ka Kumluca]] * [[Akarere ka Manavgat]] * [[Akarere ka Muratpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Serik]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Antalya == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Ahmet Altıparmak :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Akaydın == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.antalya.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Antalya] [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] 1j7zsxx96cda4h5wy1p8aee6f3bhc2j 0 5637 26450 2011-03-06T19:52:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Antalya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antalya]] 6ovw0iemjw0n4biplkd6lxu48ya2vfp 0 5638 26452 2011-03-06T19:57:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ardahan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ardahan]] b9tkkmgfrq1wy9m5lttp4itbxcy9cl0 0 5639 26453 2011-03-06T19:57:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Ardahan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Ardahan]] oy2qpqgh4nu7auqecuhs4e3bxfd6xm3 0 5640 81559 78642 2022-01-31T11:08:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Ardahan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] [[File:Ardahan districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] [[Dosiye:Derindere, Ardahan.jpg|thumb|280x280px|ardahan]] '''Intara y’Ardahan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ardahan ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Ardahan witwa [[Ardahan (umujyi)|umujyi w’Ardahan]]. Abaturage 108,169 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=07&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Ardahan == * [[Akarere k’Ardahan]] * [[Akarere ka Çıldır]] * [[Akarere ka Damal]] * [[Akarere ka Göle]] * [[Akarere ka Hanak]] * [[Akarere ka Posof]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.ardahan.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] 7rqbsm4y5xfi30ygq69rh27mc0e3v5v 0 5641 26455 2011-03-06T19:58:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ardahan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ardahan]] b9tkkmgfrq1wy9m5lttp4itbxcy9cl0 0 5642 26457 2011-03-06T20:00:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Artvin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Artvin]] b3r113b8ugninqhwcx4vqppskp27ozs 0 5643 26458 2011-03-06T20:00:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Artvin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Artvin]] nz66pcid8zoorp57x3n0k7r3n3oe627 0 5644 81566 78645 2022-01-31T11:09:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Artvin.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] [[File:Artvin districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] '''Intara y’Artvin''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Artvin ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Artvin witwa [[Artvin (umujyi)|umujyi w’Artvin]]. Abaturage 168,092 <ref>TÜİK</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Artvin == * [[Akarere k’Ardanuç]] * [[Akarere k’Arhavi]] * [[Akarere k’Artvin]] * [[Akarere ka Borçka]] * [[Akarere ka Damal]] * [[Akarere ka Hopa]] * [[Akarere ka Murgul]] * [[Akarere ka Şavşat]] * [[Akarere ka Yusufeli]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.artvin.gov.tr/ artvin.gov.tr/] [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] h33fvlqwj811gx9m6qjivao2fvcggbl 0 5645 26465 2011-03-06T20:07:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Artvin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Artvin]] b3r113b8ugninqhwcx4vqppskp27ozs 0 5646 26467 26466 2011-03-06T20:09:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Afyonkarahisar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Afyonkarahisar]] qhj6m199gxcxfed22th0jw0hzvz87j1 0 5647 26468 2011-03-06T20:10:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Afyonkarahisar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Afyonkarahisar]] 3lthifw4pl36ep9890dpwg6qxxizii6 0 5648 81461 78454 2022-01-31T10:53:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Afyonkarahisar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] [[File:Afyonkarahisar districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara y’Ardahan</span>]] [[File:TurkishDelightDisplay.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Lokumi</span>]] '''Intara y’Afyonkarahisar''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Afyonkarahisar ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Afyonkarahisar witwa [[Afyonkarahisar (umujyi)|umujyi w’Afyonkarahisar]]. Abaturage 701,572 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=3&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere tw’Afyonkarahisar == * [[Akarere k’Afyonkarahisar]] * [[Akarere ka Başmakçı]] * [[Akarere ka Bayat]] * [[Akarere ka Bolvadin]] * [[Akarere ka Çay]] * [[Akarere ka Çobanlar]] * [[Akarere ka Dazkırı]] * [[Akarere ka Dinar]] * [[Akarere ka Damal]] * [[Akarere k’Emirdağ]] * [[Akarere k’Evciler]] * [[Akarere ka Hocalar]] * [[Akarere k’İhsaniye]] * [[Akarere k’İscehisar]] * [[Akarere ka Kızılören]] * [[Akarere ka Sandıklı]] * [[Akarere ka Sinanpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Sultandağı]] * [[Akarere ka Şuhut]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.afyonkarahisar.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|A]] 4zeckpmra500gmhv4ylcfqrqf2dv4sg 0 5649 26471 2011-03-06T20:16:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Afyonkarahisar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Afyonkarahisar]] qhj6m199gxcxfed22th0jw0hzvz87j1 0 5650 26613 2011-03-10T16:54:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bayburt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bayburt]] mykaqihrvdrfg9qrd3rk2w7k43jjk3k 0 5651 81596 78472 2022-01-31T11:14:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bayburt.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bayburt</span>]] [[File:Bayburt districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bayburt</span>]] '''Intara ya Bayburt''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bayburt ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bayburt witwa [[Bayburt (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bayburt]]. Abaturage 76,609 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=69&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Bayburt == * [[Akarere k’Aydıntepe]] * [[Akarere ka Bayburt]] * [[Akarere ka Demirözü]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * http://www.bayburt.gov.tr/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20111102012059/http://www.bayburt-bld.gov.tr/ [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] 7cbg0782uyxvpjwd6yuvz19blgp02re 0 5652 26617 2011-03-10T16:58:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bayburt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bayburt]] nxt59ldt9kalofn47zd5phhx2w4ungg 0 5653 26618 2011-03-10T16:59:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bayburt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bayburt]] nxt59ldt9kalofn47zd5phhx2w4ungg 0 5654 26619 2011-03-10T16:59:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bayburt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bayburt]] nxt59ldt9kalofn47zd5phhx2w4ungg 0 5655 26620 2011-03-10T17:03:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Balıkesir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Balıkesir]] f0083iwgq538m9xhllgx0tfohxvthet 0 5656 26621 2011-03-10T17:03:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Balıkesir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Balıkesir]] f0083iwgq538m9xhllgx0tfohxvthet 0 5657 26622 2011-03-10T17:04:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Balıkesir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Balıkesir]] e1wlg0doieqpxm5tmck4c30l1wu4pmg 0 5658 81584 67643 2022-01-31T11:12:33Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Balıkesir.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Balıkesir</span>]] [[File:Districts of Balıkesir.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Balıkesir</span>]] '''Intara ya Balıkesir ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Balıkesir ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Balıkesir witwa [[Balıkesir (umujyi)|umujyi wa Balıkesir]]. Abaturage 152,323<ref>TÜİK</ref>. == Uturere twa Balıkesir == * [[Akarere k’Ayvalık]] * [[Akarere ka Balıkesir]] * [[Akarere ka Balya]] * [[Akarere ka Bandırma]] * [[Akarere ka Bigadiç]] * [[Akarere ka Burhaniye]] * [[Akarere ka Dursunbey]] * [[Akarere k’Edremit]] * [[Akarere k’Erdek]] * [[Akarere ka Gömeç]] * [[Akarere ka Gönen]] * [[Akarere ka Havran]] * [[Akarere k’İvrindi]] * [[Akarere ka Kepsut]] * [[Akarere ka Manyas]] * [[Akarere ka Marmara]] * [[Akarere ka Savaştepe]] * [[Akarere ka Sındırgı]] * [[Akarere ka Susurluk]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] l7w0qvgstw0ssux8br92xij71eym0dw 0 5659 26624 2011-03-10T17:09:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Balıkesir]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Balıkesir]] f0083iwgq538m9xhllgx0tfohxvthet 0 5660 26625 2011-03-10T17:14:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adapazarı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adapazarı]] 7a0t4ru4li4tnmb9owp02tgp71ps3r2 0 5661 26626 2011-03-10T17:15:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adıyaman]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adıyaman]] c0l9p4b4oz5n798vvfxufa5n4j9yvzn 0 5662 26627 2011-03-10T17:16:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Afyonkarahisar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Afyonkarahisar]] 9ir1fbb1wpvrlhpslx75us4to3um13c 0 5663 26628 2011-03-10T17:16:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aksaray]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aksaray]] ebhc3cow63imx0a4irzkl8gbzan8g5j 0 5664 26629 2011-03-10T17:18:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amasya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amasya]] k32giu9w6pf752sxu9nc7qdpu8urc5q 0 5665 26630 2011-03-10T17:19:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Antakya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antakya]] c818dyjjdub1ovm6djswpup12yfirac 0 5666 26632 2011-03-10T17:20:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ardahan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ardahan]] n76tbzjmjz51ie8p6swztfloampgwno 0 5667 26633 2011-03-10T17:20:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Artvin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Artvin]] 6we407sup8o1wm3agn2jrckugi93rem 0 5668 26634 2011-03-10T17:21:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aydın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aydın]] kbuq4ra158kgsq49tvnbajkr4xvop7h 0 5669 26636 26635 2011-03-10T17:22:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ağrı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ağrı]] 9gpvbph6j7ppx3j5k6oeu4lcrvy3stn 0 5670 26638 2011-03-10T17:22:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ağrı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ağrı]] 9gpvbph6j7ppx3j5k6oeu4lcrvy3stn 0 5671 26639 2011-03-10T17:26:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bartın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bartın]] oqwwm389bfxebr8g8z39sz6jubjk7ec 0 5672 81591 78468 2022-01-31T11:13:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bartın.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Balıkesir</span>]] [[File:Bartın districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Balıkesir</span>]] '''Intara ya Bartın ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bartın ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bartın witwa [[Bartın (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bartın]]. Abaturage 188,449 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=69&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Bartın_in_Turkey.svg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Balıkesir</span>]] == Uturere twa Bartın == * [[Akarere ka Bartın]] * [[Akarere ka Kurucaşile]] * [[Akarere ka Çukurova]] * [[Akarere k’Ulus]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] 4z2rt0hlmi57zlpk77gxga8s7e7ebz7 0 5673 26641 2011-03-10T17:27:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bartın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bartın]] 0qt4hi61u8x7g6sht4cyh6xwb6jecsy 0 5674 26642 2011-03-10T17:27:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bartın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bartın]] 0qt4hi61u8x7g6sht4cyh6xwb6jecsy 0 5675 26643 2011-03-10T17:28:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bartın]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bartın]] 0qt4hi61u8x7g6sht4cyh6xwb6jecsy 0 5676 26949 2011-03-16T13:32:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Batman]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Batman]] insplnqodxiiwtdmj5ulorn4e2nxcwu 0 5677 26950 2011-03-16T13:33:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Batman (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Batman (umujyi)]] swta8d630b7xafv9itr6vc7kb2dc8se 0 5678 26951 2011-03-16T13:33:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Batman (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Batman (umujyi)]] swta8d630b7xafv9itr6vc7kb2dc8se 0 5679 81594 78470 2022-01-31T11:14:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Batman.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Batman</span>]] [[File:Batman districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Batman</span>]] '''Intara ya Batman ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Batman ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Batman witwa [[Batman (umujyi)|umujyi wa Batman]]. Abaturage 472 487 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TÜİK |url=http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=72&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |accessdate=2011-03-16 |archive-date=2009-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405234842/http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=72&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Batman == * [[Akarere ka Batman]] * [[Akarere ka Gercüş]] * [[Akarere ka Hasankeyf]] * [[Akarere ka Kozluk]] * [[Akarere ka Sason]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] iljbwg8smi7saynkcpmz7lqqnrxd1qw 0 5680 26954 2011-03-16T13:38:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bilecik]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bilecik]] s4ibqk7rog2w5zcjhgz4kdq73syxntk 0 5681 26955 2011-03-16T13:38:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bilecik]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bilecik]] s4ibqk7rog2w5zcjhgz4kdq73syxntk 0 5682 26956 2011-03-16T13:38:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bilecik]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bilecik]] s4ibqk7rog2w5zcjhgz4kdq73syxntk 0 5683 26957 2011-03-16T13:39:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bilecik]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bilecik]] l6w6g0kkhacnim5ay8dpxfgi15j2ccn 0 5684 81607 78475 2022-01-31T11:16:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bilecik.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Batman</span>]] [[File:Bilecik districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Bilecik </span>]] '''Intara ya Bilecik ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bilecik ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bilecik witwa [[Bilecik (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bilecik]]. Abaturage 225,381 <ref> TÜİK</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px]] == Uturere twa Bilecik == * [[Akarere ka Bilecik]] * [[Akarere ka Bozüyük]] * [[Akarere ka Gölpazarı]] * [[Akarere k’İnhisar]] * [[Akarere k’Osmaneli]] * [[Akarere ka Pazaryeri]] * [[Akarere ka Söğüt]] * [[Akarere ka Yenipazar]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] 9lej6xxwm3vh54xtf68dfrcchoxr2a1 0 5685 26960 2011-03-16T13:47:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bingöl]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bingöl]] li7g8mh31nzjj6wqsqdz6jmcz88m57j 0 5686 26961 2011-03-16T13:47:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bingöl]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bingöl]] li7g8mh31nzjj6wqsqdz6jmcz88m57j 0 5687 26962 2011-03-16T13:48:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bingöl]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bingöl]] li7g8mh31nzjj6wqsqdz6jmcz88m57j 0 5688 26966 2011-03-16T13:52:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bingöl]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bingöl]] h50j71ed5tmzicewdxsk7cft45ffbcb 0 5689 81609 78477 2022-01-31T11:16:23Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bingöl.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bingöl</span>]] [[File:Bingöl districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Bingöl</span>]] '''Intara ya Bingöl ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bingöl ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bingöl witwa [[Bingöl (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bingöl]]. Abaturage 255,170 <ref>TÜİK</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Bingöl == * [[Akarere k’Adaklı]] * [[Akarere ka Bingöl]] * [[Akarere ka Genç]] * [[Akarere ka Karlıova]] * [[Akarere ka Kiğı]] * [[Akarere ka Solhan]] * [[Akarere ka Yayladere]] * [[Akarere ka Yedisu]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] j80y8ba05zw27er98d62b645uon7tdh 0 5690 26989 2011-03-16T18:45:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bitlis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bitlis]] qrc3g43qmaraopfm6n26lj5pu6ghb04 0 5691 26990 2011-03-16T18:46:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bitlis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bitlis]] qrc3g43qmaraopfm6n26lj5pu6ghb04 0 5692 26991 2011-03-16T18:46:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bitlis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bitlis]] nlhasn7n6rn9es476rhunheui9lq76n 0 5693 81611 78479 2022-01-31T11:16:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bitlis.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bitlis</span>]] [[File:Bitlis districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Bitlis</span>]] '''Intara ya Bitlis ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bitlis ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bitlis witwa [[Bitlis (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bitlis]]. Abaturage 428,489 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Bingöl == * [[Akarere k’Adilcevaz]] * [[Akarere k’Ahlat]] * [[Akarere ka Bitlis]] * [[Akarere ka Güroymak]] * [[Akarere ka Hizan]] * [[Akarere ka Mutki]] * [[Akarere ka Tatvan]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] 11s4d0rc0yea6e3ct19i6jwo1sj8iha 0 5694 26993 2011-03-16T18:48:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bitlis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bitlis]] qrc3g43qmaraopfm6n26lj5pu6ghb04 0 5695 26995 2011-03-16T18:54:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bolu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bolu]] nktbclf40r43j0gbo56ke1czivuzt61 0 5696 26996 2011-03-16T18:55:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bolu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bolu]] nktbclf40r43j0gbo56ke1czivuzt61 0 5697 26997 2011-03-16T18:55:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bolu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bolu]] awkzcn7usj71i1lmuipatql47ghq3ml 0 5698 81614 78480 2022-01-31T11:17:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bolu.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bolu</span>]] [[File:Bolu districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Bolu </span>]] '''Intara ya Bolu ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bolu ili'' ) n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bolu witwa [[Bolu (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bolu]]. Abaturage 270,417 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Bolu == * [[Akarere ka Bolu]] * [[Akarere ka Dörtdivan]] * [[Akarere ka Gerede]] * [[Akarere ka Göynük]] * [[Akarere ka Kıbrıscık]] * [[Akarere ka Mengen]] * [[Akarere ka Mudurnu]] * [[Akarere ka Seben]] * [[Akarere ka Yeniçağa]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] mngfq3vfcwzwciah7lrd2t7izs7czt0 0 5699 27001 2011-03-16T19:02:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Burdur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burdur]] itwn4o88wge03fv7gvs80l2s3zsz3pw 0 5700 27002 2011-03-16T19:02:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Burdur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burdur]] itwn4o88wge03fv7gvs80l2s3zsz3pw 0 5701 27003 2011-03-16T19:02:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Burdur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Burdur]] 2w31v4to3f0w8yf05lkagrhbq542ntl 0 5702 81625 78485 2022-01-31T11:18:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Burdur.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Burdur </span>]] [[File:Burdur districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Burdur </span>]] '''Intara ya Burdur ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Burdur ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Burdur witwa [[Burdur (umujyi)|umujyi wa Burdur]]. Abaturage 251,181 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Uturere twa Burdur == * [[Akarere k’Ağlasun]] * [[Akarere k’Altınyayla]] * [[Akarere ka Bucak]] * [[Akarere ka Burdur]] * [[Akarere ka Çavdır]] * [[Akarere ka Çeltikçi]] * [[Akarere ka Gölhisar]] * [[Akarere ka Karamanlı]] * [[Akarere ka Kemer]] * [[Akarere ka Tefenni]] * [[Akarere ka Yeşilova]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] g69uwm6xdb5kdtloo8e7aiuoqo30vuv 0 5703 27005 2011-03-16T19:04:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Burdur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burdur]] itwn4o88wge03fv7gvs80l2s3zsz3pw 0 5704 27011 2011-03-16T19:08:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bursa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bursa]] emra7opwqkorv91y60luz8jvwau13db 0 5705 27012 2011-03-16T19:09:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Bursa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Bursa]] hx8e1t9yd0nakdsltuvwkauddc13omi 0 5706 81628 78482 2022-01-31T11:19:20Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Bursa.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Bursa </span>]] [[File:Bursa districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Bursa </span>]] '''Intara ya Bursa ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Bursa ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Bursa witwa [[Bursa (umujyi)|umujyi wa Bursa]]. Abaturage 2,125,140 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Uturere twa Bursa == * [[Akarere ka Büyükorhan]] * [[Akarere ka Gemlik]] * [[Akarere ka Gürsu]] * [[Akarere ka Harmancık]] * [[Akarere k’İnegöl]] * [[Akarere k’İznik]] * [[Akarere ka Karacabey]] * [[Akarere ka Keles]] * [[Akarere ka Kestel]] * [[Akarere ka Mudanya]] * [[Akarere ka Mustafakemalpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Nilüfer]] * [[Akarere k’Orhaneli]] * [[Akarere k’Orhangazi]] * [[Akarere k’Osmangazi]] * [[Akarere ka Yenişehir]] * [[Akarere ka Yıldırım]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|B]] od6eu28x02zxvgag9gngkabatjm8gmz 0 5709 27168 27165 2011-03-18T17:37:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Van (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Van (umujyi)]] e5fmfsgkcols64g17g8bssko66fuolr 0 5710 27167 27166 2011-03-18T17:37:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Van (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Van (umujyi)]] e5fmfsgkcols64g17g8bssko66fuolr 0 5713 27668 2011-03-25T10:06:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gaziantep]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gaziantep]] li0fhndv221q2btfhsj3e3nxakzot2h 0 5714 27674 2011-03-25T10:11:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Giresun]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Giresun]] 69mdm7le2r3j4cgs2sn9aslito1shxa 0 5715 27675 2011-03-25T10:11:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Giresun]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Giresun]] 69mdm7le2r3j4cgs2sn9aslito1shxa 0 5716 27677 27676 2011-03-25T10:12:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Giresun]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Giresun]] mm0a2ncolr53ehzrccs0ylqiyan04a9 0 5717 81781 79233 2022-01-31T11:43:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Giresun.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Giresun</span>]] [[File:Giresun districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Giresun</span>]] '''Intara ya Giresun''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Giresun ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Giresun witwa [[Giresun (umujyi)|umujyi wa Giresun]]. Abaturage 417,505 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TÜİK |url=http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=28&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |accessdate=2011-03-25 |archive-date=2009-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804104954/http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=28&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] == Uturere twa Giresun == * [[Akarere k’Alucra]] * [[Akarere ka Bulancak]] * [[Akarere ka Çamoluk]] * [[Akarere ka Çanakçı]] * [[Akarere ka Dereli]] * [[Akarere ka Doğankent]] * [[Akarere k’Espiye]] * [[Akarere k’Eynesil]] * [[Akarere ka Giresun]] * [[Akarere ka Görele]] * [[Akarere ka Güce]] * [[Akarere ka Keşap]] * [[Akarere ka Piraziz]] * [[Akarere ka Şebinkarahisar]] * [[Akarere ka Tirebolu]] * [[Akarere ka Yağlıdere]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|G]] kxu04omtim04holae56qzi2tx0zleyi 0 5718 27684 2011-03-25T10:24:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gümüşhane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gümüşhane]] ov6glday44e79uk3w0posapj6yxttq0 0 5719 27685 2011-03-25T10:24:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gümüşhane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gümüşhane]] ov6glday44e79uk3w0posapj6yxttq0 0 5720 27686 2011-03-25T10:24:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Gümüşhane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Gümüşhane]] l0sf0cqbskasp6t6rhpys93131l332n 0 5721 81806 79285 2022-01-31T11:46:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Gümüşhane.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Gümüşhane </span>]] [[File:Gümüşhane districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Gümüşhane </span>]] '''Intara ya Gümüşhane ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Gümüşhane ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Van witwa [[Gümüşhane (umujyi)|umujyi wa Gümüşhane]]. Abaturage 130,825 <ref>[http://tuikrapor.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=29&p_kod=2&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksEnv TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] == Uturere twa Gümüşhane == * [[Akarere ka Gümüşhane]] * [[Akarere ka Kelkit]] * [[Akarere ka Köse]] * [[Akarere ka Kürtün]] * [[Akarere ka Şiran]] * [[Akarere ka Torul]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|G]] ghq4qxokpj5j20mxoz98c9cr2wrz2q6 0 5722 27689 2011-03-25T10:31:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Denizli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Denizli]] 4s3tlhe00gi8t5pt8b8fi0l8fx69pdz 0 5723 27690 2011-03-25T10:31:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Denizli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Denizli]] 4s3tlhe00gi8t5pt8b8fi0l8fx69pdz 0 5724 27691 2011-03-25T10:32:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Denizli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Denizli]] 68njpzog0i5sqi16fjjnyc2clsl6i4f 0 5725 81701 79104 2022-01-31T11:30:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Denizli.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Denizli </span>]] [[File:Denizli districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Denizli </span>]] [[Dosiye:Istanbul - Landscapes of Turkey - Geography of Turkey 07.jpg|thumb|landscapes]] '''Intara ya Denizli ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Denizli ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Denizli witwa [[Denizli (umujyi)|umujyi wa Denizli]]. Abaturage 931,823 <ref>TÜİK </ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Denizli == * [[Akarere k’Acıpayam]] * [[Akarere k’Akköy]][[Dosiye:Ana Vatan - (Turkey). LOC 2010593205.tif|thumb]] * [[Akarere ka Babadağ]] * [[Akarere ka Baklan]] * [[Akarere ka Bekilli]] * [[Akarere ka Beyağaç]] * [[Akarere ka Bozkurt]] * [[Akarere ka Buldan]] * [[Akarere ka Çal]] * [[Akarere ka Çameli]] * [[Akarere ka Çardak]] * [[Akarere ka Çivril]] * [[Akarere ka Denizli]] * [[Akarere ka Güney]] * [[Akarere ka Honaz]] * [[Akarere ka Kale]] * [[Akarere ka Sarayköy]] * [[Akarere ka Serinhisar]] * [[Akarere ka Tavas]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|D]] ehxi3isursiggxqxxrox21qir0tq344 0 5726 27693 2011-03-25T10:38:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Diyarbakır]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Diyarbakır]] 7ag5ua0y8jjc4wze9nz5oispr4asmea 0 5727 27695 2011-03-25T10:38:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara ya Diyarbakır]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara ya Diyarbakır]] j6tw7x3lxpog67l2hzdn4b7lr3c52qt 0 5728 81707 79109 2022-01-31T11:31:29Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Diyarbakır.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Intara ya Diyarbakır </span>]] [[File:Diyarbakır districts.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uturere twa Diyarbakır </span>]] '''Intara ya Diyarbakır ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Diyarbakır ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Diyarbakır witwa [[Diyarbakır (umujyi)|umujyi wa Diyarbakır]]. Abaturage 1,051,511 <ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&p_il1=21&p_kod=2&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Uturere twa Diyarbakır == * [[Akarere ka Bağlar]] * [[Akarere ka Bismil]] * [[Akarere ka Çermik]] * [[Akarere ka Çınar]] * [[Akarere ka Çüngüş]] * [[Akarere ka Dicle]] * [[Akarere k’Eğil]] * [[Akarere k’Ergani]] * [[Akarere ka Hani]] * [[Akarere ka Hazro]] * [[Akarere ka Kayapınar]] * [[Akarere ka Kocaköy]] * [[Akarere ka Kulp]] * [[Akarere ka Lice]] * [[Akarere ka Silvan]] * [[Akarere ka Sur]] * [[Akarere ka Yenişehir]] == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|D]] rwm7ougguz5negz34vzsn6ovugwb3pt 0 5729 27781 2011-03-27T00:30:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Keçiören]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Keçiören]] lttfj7rqh4avycwoge1eiinqv6ywcw8 0 5730 81485 78502 2022-01-31T10:57:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Keçiören.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Keçiören </span>]] [[File:Ankara Park Keçiören Evcil.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pariki y’Amatungo</span>]] [[File:Quebec angora goat.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ihene y’Ankara</span>]] '''Akarere ka Keçiören''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Keçiören ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Keçiören ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 779.905 (abagabo 385.062 n'abagore 394.843)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 189,88. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo ('''keçi''' '[[ihene]]' na '''ören''' 'the ruin'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] n’Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Keçiören == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Güler :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Ak == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 796.646 | align="right" | | align="right" | 796.646 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 746.361 | align="right" | 97.174 | align="right" | 843.535 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 625.167 | align="right" | 47.650 | align="right" | 672.817 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 588.117 | align="right" | 26.904 | align="right" | 615.021 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 523.891 | align="right" | 12.277 | align="right" | 536.168 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 433.559 | align="right" | | align="right" | 433.559 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.kecioren.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Keçiören] * [http://www.kecioren.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Keçiören] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] pqsaodx5db5hjkhqrpari7q7yvscfrl 0 5731 81506 78541 2022-01-31T11:00:25Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Altındağ.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Altındağ </span>]] [[File:Turkey-1516 (2216633304).jpg|thumb|250px|Altındağ]] [[Dosiye:Altındağ_street.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Altındağ]] '''Akarere k’Altındağ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Altındağ ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Altındağ ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 367.812 (abagabo 184.329 n'abagore 183.483)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 174,53. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''altın'''» 'izahabu' na «'''dağ'''» 'umusozi'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] n’Akarere k’[[Akyurt]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Mamak]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Keçiören]] n’Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Altındağ == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Hamza Duygun :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Veysel Tiryaki == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 365.920 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 365.920 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 367.340 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 367.340 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 367.812 | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | 367.812 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 367.471 | align="right" | 3.264 | align="right" | 370.735 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 400.023 | align="right" | 7.078 | align="right" | 407.101 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 374.697 | align="right" | 5.515 | align="right" | 380.212 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 417.616 | align="right" | 5.052 | align="right" | 422.668 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 397.234 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 608.689 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 512.392 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 335.096 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 218.464 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 148.420 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.altindag.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Altındağ] * [http://www.altindag.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Altındağ] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] bw1ck5utpz82pkizr54linxqm9ciwg6 0 5732 27876 2011-03-27T23:03:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Altındağ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Altındağ]] cyefplet4gb1erncrk7ndga0394hcnx 0 5733 27877 2011-03-27T23:14:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mamak]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mamak]] cwbdw38cuq6wvvdwpixac0zac5e384k 0 5734 82413 81487 2022-04-04T17:06:02Z A.Savin 7961 new pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Ankara asv2021-10 img14 view from Atakule mall.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Mamak]] [[File:Ankara location Mamak.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Mamak</span>]] [[Dosiye:Mamak,_Ankara,_2014_11.jpg|thumb|umuhanda muri Mamak]] '''Akarere ka Mamak''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Mamak ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Mamak ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 520.446 (abagabo 263.156 n'abagore 257.290)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 478,40 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]], Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] n’Akarere ka [[Balâ]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] n’Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Mamak == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Nuh Mehmet Hamurcu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mesut Akgül == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 522.444 | align="right" | 6.402 | align="right" | 528.846 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 497.699 | align="right" | 5.964 | align="right" | 503.663 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 412.771 | align="right" | 17.835 | align="right" | 430.606 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 389.229 | align="right" | 12.853 | align="right" | 402.082 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 400.733 | align="right" | 9.626 | align="right" | 410.359 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 371.904 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.mamak.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Mamak] * [http://www.mamak.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Mamak] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] k90kiibzinxnfnhamyy1x3iavboz79i 0 5735 27892 2011-03-28T00:03:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Çankaya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Çankaya]] pyphe0gr6q28rbhm5grqieb2ejiahtd 0 5736 82567 81501 2022-04-26T00:14:53Z A.Savin 7961 image was not about Ankara wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Çankaya.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Çankaya</span>]] [[File:Ankara asv2021-10 img70 Kızılay Square.jpg|thumb|250px]] '''Akarere ka Çankaya''' (soma "cankaya", izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Çankaya ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Çankaya ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 785.330 (abagabo 383.654 n’abagore 401.676)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 267,61 . == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''çan'''» 'bell' na «'''kaya'''» 'ibuye'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere k’[[Etimesgut]], Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Mamak]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Bala]] n’Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Çankaya == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Hulusi Arat :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Bülent Tanık == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 794.288 | align="right" | | align="right" | 794.288 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 792.189 | align="right" | | align="right" | 792.189 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 758.490 | align="right" | 10.841 | align="right" | 769.331 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 729.596 | align="right" | 5.732 | align="right" | 735.328 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 712.304 | align="right" | 2.026 | align="right" | 714.330 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 665.128 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 921.882 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 895.005 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 653.290 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 470.454 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 304.077 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070824102736/http://www.cankaya.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Çankaya] *[http://www.cankaya.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Çankaya] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] cc0plg1bv867pxc1xd5i075slcgvjsk 14 5739 67659 57933 2013-04-02T19:08:46Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8376265]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Peteroli]] [[Category:Gutwara abantu n’ibintu]] dgxjmz2a8i3ewq4lvt13lt66yjbnqnj 14 5741 66674 60325 2013-03-11T11:16:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 50 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6572327]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubutabire]] m0uwdu4i5lgcy1hd3wrtgll8xy7zi3s 0 5743 81494 78520 2022-01-31T10:58:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Pursaklar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Pursaklar</span>]] [[Dosiye:O-20_Pursaklar_Exit.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wo muri Pursaklar]] '''Akarere ka Pursaklar''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Pursaklar ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Pursaklar ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 91.742 (abagabo 46.204 n’abagore 45.538)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref>. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Çubuk]] n’Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Çubuk]] n’Akarere k’[[Akyurt]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] n’Akarere ka [[Keçiören]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Pursaklar == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Ahmet Cengiz :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Selçuk Çetin == references == <references group="i" /> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.pursaklar.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Pursaklar] *[http://www.pursaklar.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Pursaklar] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 2ohv3fub9vtd809l4t62eoo73tvcubs 0 5744 27948 2011-03-28T10:59:56Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Pursaklar]] to [[Pursaklar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pursaklar]] awyhdrum7fhqr5wnpftle3vqbjtjl2n 0 5745 81514 78649 2022-01-31T11:01:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Etimesgut.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Etimesgut</span>]] [[File:Guzelkent19.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka k’Etimesgut</span>]] [[Dosiye:Etimesgut.02.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka</span> Etimesgut]] '''Akarere k’Etimesgut''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Etimesgut ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Etimesgut ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 313.770 (abagabo 161.982 n’abagore 151.788)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 49,19 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] n’Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Sincan]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Etimesgut == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mehmet Kalyoncu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Enver Demirel == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | 2010 | align="right | | align="right | | align="right | 417.267 |- | align="left" | 2007 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 289.601 |- | align="left" | 2005 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 274.126 |- | align="left" | 2000 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" |169.615 |- | align="left" | 1997 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 112.659 |- | align="left" | 1990 | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 69.960 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.etimesgut.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Etimesgut] *[http://www.etimesgut.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Etimesgut] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] r5navj4l2kgelkl66v6vwdgfre56nuu 0 5746 27958 2011-03-28T11:14:32Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Etimesgut]] to [[Etimesgut]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Etimesgut]] k34nz4xtdvl5xkb2enbtaub4rb0jnb7 0 5747 81499 78300 2022-01-31T10:59:21Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Yenimahalle.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Yenimahalle</span>]] [[File:Akköprü 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Iteme y’Akköprü</span>]] '''Akarere ka Yenimahalle''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Yenimahalle ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Yenimahalle ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 609.887 (abagabo 299.146 n’abagore 310.741)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 274,16 . [[Dosiye:Yenimahalle_Ankara_002.jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'umujyi wa Yenimahalle]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''yeni'''» 'gishya' na «'''mahalle'''» 'quarter'). [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: Yenimahalle (Merkez), Batıkent, Demetevler...: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] n’Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Keçiören]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Altındağ]], Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] n’Akarere k’[[Etimesgut]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Sincan]] Ümitköy, Çayyolu...: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Sincan]] n’Akarere k’[[Etimesgut]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] n’Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Gölbaşı]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Gölbaşı]] n’Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Yenimahalle == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Kenan Çiftçi :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Fethi Yaşar == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 625.826 | align="right" | | align="right" | 625.826 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 614.778 | align="right" | | align="right" | 614.778 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 534.109 | align="right" | 19.235 | align="right" | 553.344 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 487.019 | align="right" | 12.408 | align="right" | 499.427 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 343.951 | align="right" | 7.485 | align="right" | 351.436 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 360.573 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 270.016 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 198.643 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 133.347 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 86.222 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 67.636 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.yenimahalle.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Yenimahalle] *[http://www.yenimahalle.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Yenimahalle] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] pkfen0q4lnlqba6u1nx1xa004m46v5f 0 5748 27974 2011-03-28T11:57:04Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Yenimahalle]] to [[Yenimahalle]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yenimahalle]] ejr9i228hcb58ubiz01kax6p6789hvf 0 5749 27981 2011-03-28T12:11:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kazan (Turukiya)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kazan (Turukiya)]] 5isafegfzz2khuvolkjeoqlhpp84nnw 0 5750 81484 78501 2022-01-31T10:57:06Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Kazan (4).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Kahramankazan]] [[File:Ankara location Kazan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Kazan</span>]] '''Akarere ka Kazan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kazan ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Kazan ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 38.731 (abagabo 19.947 n’abagore 18.784)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 407,83 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Kazan_Cathedral_Saint_Petersburg.jpg|thumb|Cathedrale ya Kazan Saint-Peterburg]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Çubuk]], Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] n’Akarere ka [[Keçiören]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere ka [[Sincan]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Kazan == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Veysel Beyru :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Lokman Ertürk == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 37.018 | align="right" | 1.360 | align="right" | 38.378 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 34.568 | align="right" | 1.579 | align="right" | 36.147 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 15.871 | align="right" | 13.821 | align="right" | 29.692 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 12.302 | align="right" | 13.231 | align="right" | 25.533 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 6.509 | align="right" | 16.205 | align="right" | 22.714 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 5.186 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 3.022 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 2.009 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 2.773 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511173150/http://www.kazan.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kazan] *[http://www.kazan.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kazan] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] a80r3rhjkrcupvg13qzms2ghfbc43r0 0 5751 81497 78527 2022-01-31T10:59:03Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Sincan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Sincan</span>]] [[Dosiye:Sincan_Cezaevi_girişi.jpg|thumb|Sincan ]] [[Dosiye:Sincan_station.jpg|thumb|Sitasiyo ya Sincan]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] '''Akarere ka Sincan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Sincan ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Sincan ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 434.064 (abagabo 219.394 n’abagore 214.670)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 384 . == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] n’Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere k’[[Etimesgut]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Sincan == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Ufuk Seçilmiş :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Tuna == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 392.260 | align="right" | 20.770 | align="right" | 413.030 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 267.879 | align="right" | 21.904 | align="right" | 289.783 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 206.093 | align="right" | 15.227 | align="right" | 221.320 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 91.016 | align="right" | 10.102 | align="right" | 101.118 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 50.860 | align="right" | | align="right" | 50.860 |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 25.133 | align="right" | | align="right" | 25.133 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.sincan.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Sincan] *[http://www.sincan.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Sincan] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 02dr2j7va7rgmckedgsw5l1k73dd6w0 0 5752 27995 2011-03-28T13:24:57Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Sincan]] to [[Sincan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sincan]] srgk3k8ijf21h7mhffzko6ixsbrp7za 0 5753 81511 78709 2022-01-31T11:01:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Ayaş.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Ayaş</span>]] [[Image:Ayaş-Panorama.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Ayaş]] '''Akarere k’Ayaş''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ayaş ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Ayaş ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 13.502 (abagabo 6.670 n’abagore 6.832)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1111,74 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Aya_sofya.jpg|thumb|ifoto yumujyi wa Ayas]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]], Akarere ka [[Güdül]] n’Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]]n’Akarere ka [[Sincan]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Ayaş == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Sait Özkılınç :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Ali Başkaraağaç == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 8.479 | align="right" | 4.812 | align="right" | 13.291 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 9.890 | align="right" | 4.167 | align="right" | 14.057 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 9.554 | align="right" | 3.948 | align="right" | 13.502 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 5.646 | align="right" | 7.513 | align="right" | 13.159 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 7.839 | align="right" | 13.400 | align="right" | 21.239 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 6.257 | align="right" | 12.375 | align="right" | 18.632 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 6.427 | align="right" | 14.379 | align="right" | 20.806 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 38.500 | align="right" | | align="right" | 38.500 |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 45.543 | align="right" | | align="right" | 45.543 |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 51.456 | align="right" | | align="right" | 51.456 |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 55.231 | align="right" | | align="right" | 55.231 |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 58.300 | align="right" | | align="right" | 58.300 |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 62.500 | align="right" | | align="right" | 62.500 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.ayas.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Ayaş] *[http://www.ayas.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Ayaş] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7kg95x1fjh4jmpale2ajli3j2u68own 0 5754 28004 2011-03-28T13:39:31Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Ayaş]] to [[Ayaş]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ayaş]] lr9clpkktbfexelymtw6ssn3a56h5st 0 5755 81505 78538 2022-01-31T11:00:16Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Akyurt.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Akyurt</span>]] [[File:Akyurt Ankara 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’umujyi w’Akyurt</span>]] '''Akarere k’Akyurt''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Sincan ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Akyurt ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 24.986 (abagabo 12.676 n’abagore 12.310)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 212,16 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''ak'''» 'cyera' na «'''yurt'''» 'homeland'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Çubuk]], n’Akarere ka [[Kalecik]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Kalecik]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Kalecik]], Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]] n’Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Çubuk]], Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] n’Akarere k’[[Altındağ]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Akyurt == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Yiğit :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Gültekin Ayantaş == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 26.006 | align="right" | 653 | align="right" | 25.353 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 25.401 | align="right" | 660 | align="right" | 24.741 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 24.986 | align="right" | 674 | align="right" | 24.312 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 22.639 | align="right" | 715 | align="right" | 23.354 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 8.069 | align="right" | 10.838 | align="right" | 18.907 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 6.099 | align="right" | 10.239 | align="right" | 16.338 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 3.533 | align="right" | 8.974 | align="right" | 12.507 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 3.201 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 2.924 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 2.461 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.akyurt.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Akyurt] * [http://www.akyurt.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi k’Akyurt] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 37bxhyirayqxqnxrr2jam9vcub1a204 0 5756 28012 2011-03-28T13:56:39Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Akyurt]] to [[Akyurt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akyurt]] a73qa2jcgpm0n64soqgj5vnlp2gh7ub 0 5757 81480 78494 2022-01-31T10:56:30Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Güdül.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Güdül</span>]] [[File:Ankara Gudul 05900 nevit.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Güdül</span>]] [[File:Ankara gudul 05776.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Güdül</span>]] '''Akarere ka Güdül''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Güdül ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Güdül ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 10.075 (abagabo 4.897 n’abagore 5.178)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 383,65 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Çamlıdere]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] n’Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Güdül == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Cenk Hakan Karaduman :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Hüseyin Erdoğan == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 2.623 | align="right" | 6.348 | align="right" | 8.971 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 2.792 | align="right" | 6.601 | align="right" | 9.393 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 3.116 | align="right" | 6.959 | align="right" | 10.075 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 3.155 | align="right" | 7.521 | align="right" | 10.676 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 5.806 | align="right" | 15.132 | align="right" | 20.938 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 6.509 | align="right" | 16.353 | align="right" | 22.862 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 5.504 | align="right" | 13.194 | align="right" | 18.698 |- |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.gudul.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Güdül] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190107030122/https://gudul.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Güdül] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] rq4if6esj36m0c9cabao86oftjxizop 0 5758 28021 2011-03-28T14:59:31Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Güdül]] to [[Güdül]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Güdül]] 0curyhnq9d99bck5wigetrkpyoecllq 0 5759 81479 78493 2022-01-31T10:56:21Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Gölbaşı.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Gölbaşı</span>]] [[File:Gölbaşı lake next to Ankara, Turkey.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikiyaga cya Mogan</span>]] '''Akarere ka Gölbaşı''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Gölbaşı ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Gölbaşı ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 85.499 (abagabo 44.008 n’abagore 41.491)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 738,30 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:GÖLBASI_PARKDAN_CEMAL_GÜRSEL_CADDESINE_BAKIS_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani bwa Golbasi]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''göl'''» 'ikiyaga' na «'''başı'''» < «'''baş'''» 'umutwe'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]] n’Akarere ka [[Çankaya]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Balâ]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Haymana]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Haymana]] n’Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Gölbaşı == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Raşit Zengin :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Yakup Odabaşı == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 95.749 | align="right" | 1.731 | align="right" | 107.480 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 63.232 | align="right" | 10.438 | align="right" | 73.670 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 35.308 | align="right" | 27.294 | align="right" | 62.602 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 30.192 | align="right" | 18.745 | align="right" | 48.937 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 25.123 | align="right" | 18.399 | align="right" | 43.522 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.ankaragolbasi.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Gölbaşı] *[http://www.ankaragolbasi.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Gölbaşı] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 9b6ffvna0jaoxqfb6qj7v5mi0z1gik7 0 5760 28032 2011-03-28T15:23:08Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Gölbaşı]] to [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)]] omnpu6o8gbydhvzt07fuuhj2o6mzgtq 0 5761 81466 78466 2022-01-31T10:54:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Bala.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Balâ</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ponte_de_Ca'Balà.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro Ca'Balà]] '''Akarere ka Balâ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Balâ ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Balâ ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 29.239 (abagabo 14.749 n’abagore 14.490)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 2.830 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Heol_Tegid_leading_to_the_High_Street,_Bala_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2030129.jpg|thumb|Heol Tegid igana Umuhanda Mugari wa Bala ]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Çankaya]], Akarere ka [[Mamak]] n’Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]] :Mu burasirazuba : [[Intara ya Kırıkkale]] n’[[Intara ya Kırşehir]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Şereflikoçhisar]] n’[[Intara ya Konya]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Haymana]] n’Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Gölbaşı]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Balâ == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Günay Öztürk :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : İbrahim Gürbüz == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 8.506 | align="right" | 10.920 | align="right" | 19.426 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 10.385 | align="right" | 13.437 | align="right" | 23.822 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 12.345 | align="right" | 16.894 | align="right" | 29.239 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 6.912 | align="right" | 16.593 | align="right" | 23.505 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 6.616 | align="right" | 33.098 | align="right" | 39.714 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 5.903 | align="right" | 30.484 | align="right" | 36.387 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 6.236 | align="right" | 32.821 | align="right" | 39.057 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 5.477 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 4.193 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 4.102 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 3.899 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 3.646 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 3.287 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.bala.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Balâ] *[http://www.bala.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Balâ] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 46ocybo58hg60dbpw8w3o8xnes5hbmw 0 5762 28057 2011-03-28T16:19:29Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Balâ]] to [[Balâ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Balâ]] 6odyk64asrnwp5t2i47uxuqpsyhrqrn 0 5763 82568 81503 2022-04-26T04:23:10Z FireDragonValo 10873 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Şereflikoçhisar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar</span>]] [[File:Kale (1).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">castle</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|Flag of Turkey.]] '''Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar''' (soma "shereflikochisar"; izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Şereflikoçhisar ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 35.353 (abagabo 17.643 n’abagore 17.710)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 2.034 . [[Dosiye:Tuz_Gölü-Şereflikoçhisar.jpg|thumb|Izuba rurenga muri Şereflikoçhisar]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Balâ]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’[[Evren]], [[Intara ya Kırşehir]] n’[[Intara y’Aksaray]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Ikiyaga cya Tuz]] n’[[Intara y’Aksaray]] :Mu burengerazuba : [[Ikiyaga cya Tuz]] n’[[Intara ya Konya]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Şereflikoçhisar == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : E. Rumi Yıldız :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Ramazan Ceylan == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 142345 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 142083 | align="right" | 117045 | align="right" | 359128 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 38248 | align="right" | 22453 | align="right" | 60701 |} == references == <references group="i" /> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.sereflikochisar.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar] *[http://www.sereflikochisar.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Şereflikoçhisar] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 6vjgp2hms2vbcs506okti3xpfzl2ijb 0 5764 28065 2011-03-28T16:49:53Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Şereflikoçhisar]] to [[Şereflikoçhisar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Şereflikoçhisar]] cls2mkqsna8f75vxbuc5f2gr59r83v3 0 5765 81481 78495 2022-01-31T10:56:39Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Haymana.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Haymana</span>]] [[Image:Haymanaview.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Haymana]] '''Akarere ka Haymana''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Haymana ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Haymana ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 14.136 (abagabo 6.979 n’abagore 7.157)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 2983,56 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Battle_of_Sakarya_National_Historic_Park,_Polatlı,_Ankara,_Turkey.jpg|thumb|Intambara ya Parike yamateka yigihugu ya Turukiya  muri Haymana]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] n’Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Gölbaşı]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı (Ankara)|Gölbaşı]] n’Akarere ka [[Balâ]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Intara ya Konya]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Haymana == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Süleyman Erdoğan :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Hacı Aysu == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 9.751 | align="right" | 28.987 | align="right" | 38.738 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 9.464 | align="right" | 29.846 | align="right" | 39.310 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 11.313 | align="right" | 42.774 | align="right" | 54.087 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 10.900 | align="right" | 39.870 | align="right" | 50.770 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 9.144 | align="right" | 46.383 | align="right" | 55.527 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 8.339 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 6.945 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 6.092 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 5.739 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 5.396 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 4.456 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.haymana.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Haymana] *[http://www.haymana.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Haymana] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] nndh8jpdag9ivp9afs2w6r5eo4fbq29 0 5766 28076 2011-03-28T17:43:54Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Haymana]] to [[Haymana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Haymana]] pbdw9sx0i42ao6db554aj0gmk9dv0tk 0 5769 28115 2011-03-29T10:03:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigori]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigori]] ncfhysxeyq0dc5umkn127jy1c5wa558 0 5770 74100 66613 2020-12-05T02:53:58Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Quebec angora goat.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ihene y’Ankara</span>]] '''Ihene y’Ankara''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Ankara keçisi'' cyangwa ''tiftik keçisi'' ; izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Angora goat'') ni [[itungo]] (ubwoko bw’[[ihene]]) i [[Ankara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] 546mrvz2o5jcdmynjr9ro33yzi1unbp 14 5771 67605 64520 2013-04-02T19:05:36Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 78 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8387039]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 5772 76442 66614 2021-07-26T13:45:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Japanese_Foxtail_millet_02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Setariya</font>]] [[File:Japanese_Foxtail_millet_01.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Setariya</font>]] '''Setariya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Setaria italica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Leiden_University_Library_-_Seikei_Zusetsu_vol._19,_page_003_-_白粟_-_Setaria_italica_(L.)_P.Beauv.,_1804.jpg|thumb|Setariya]] Isaba kwitabwaho cyane ibagarirwa ikanafumbirwa. Bitabaye ibyo, urwiri rurayica. Imirongo 2 itandukanywa na cm 20 kandi ku murongo umwe, akamanyu gatandukanywa n’akandi na cm 20. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] fbdylrr8ffpcn17bj6zbzi2y56cjkj2 0 5773 28126 2011-03-29T10:50:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Setariya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Setariya]] i7rn7mnn82ry4ijx4jbz6sgdrfxhhqe 0 5774 77217 28128 2021-08-09T17:57:59Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cow,_Alney_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1937500.jpg|thumb|'''Tribusakumu''' n'ibyatsi birebire bihingwa ku misozi bikajya bigaburirwa amatongo arimo inka, ihene ndetse n'intama]] '''Tribusakumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''?'') ni [[ikimera]]. Itanga ubwatsi bwinshi Hagati y’umurongo n’undi hajya cm 40 naho ku murongo umwe,hagati y’igitsinsi n’ikindi hajya cm 30. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] oh03mh3v6zb5svq736ld16lfix2yurv 0 5775 81705 76443 2022-01-31T11:31:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Desmodium discolor flowers.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Desimodiyumu</span>]] [[File:Starr 020803-0111 Desmodium triflorum.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Desimodiyumu</span>]] '''Desimodiyumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Desmodium'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Desmodium_incanum_(Fabaceae).jpeg|thumb|Desimodiyumu]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] 7u4f3axjbs6vkito40l1erp9g6ekm22 0 5776 28130 2011-03-29T10:57:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Desimodiyumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Desimodiyumu]] 2ln0zk34hgto235akyr2zwev8iiyrsi 0 5777 76350 76349 2021-07-23T18:18:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elephant grass.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Harvesting Napier.jpg|thumb|Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Pennisetum purpureum 0zz.jpg|thumb|urubingo]] '''Urubingo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pennisetum purpureum'') ni [[ikimera]]. Ubwoko bwa French cameroun ni rwo rwiza kandi rutanga ubwatsi bwinshi kuruta ibindi byatsi. Kurukorera ntibigoye kandi ntirupfa gucika. Basiga cm 40 hagati y’imirongo na cm 20 hagati y’ingeli. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] q25dqaaknq1paorld6rzr0b50suloxs 0 5778 28133 2011-03-29T11:05:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urubingo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urubingo]] lguuzs0x4ikz0lanv7vz0ekjhcyewpj 0 5779 28134 2011-03-29T11:06:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Penisetumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Penisetumu]] hzqdap8euefiumt11xumgx5kduiykhu 0 5780 78815 66731 2021-08-27T10:21:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pennisetum setaceum-Guinther.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Pennisetum setaceum''</font>]] '''Penisetumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pennisetum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Pennisetum_grass.jpg|thumb|Penisetumu]] == Amoko ay’penisetumu== *''Pennisetum purpureum'' ([[Urubingo]]) [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] ouoq3jazsd57zvqb0jwse7p1p0hhii6 0 5781 81721 66920 2022-01-31T11:33:41Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 010520-0040 Eragrostis variabilis.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Eragrostis variabilis''</span>]] [[File:Starr 990623-0918 Eragrostis paupera.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">''Eragrostis paupera''</span>]] '''Inshinge''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Eragrostis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] s0msmyi7ezy9ajqrkti5h0oszp5f6bv 0 5782 28404 28139 2011-03-29T18:13:12Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ishinge]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishinge]] t6fhy45gfi9krzk6xqz6ragy7qcnvjc 0 5783 28142 2011-03-29T11:42:06Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Inshinge (ibimera)]] to [[Ishinge]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishinge]] t6fhy45gfi9krzk6xqz6ragy7qcnvjc 0 5784 81807 78744 2022-01-31T11:47:00Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hagenia abyssinica - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-208.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugeshi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Applied_and_economic_botany,_especially_adapted_for_the_use_of_students_in_technical_schools,_agricultural,_pharmaceutical_and_medical_colleges,_and_also_as_a_book_of_reference_for_chemists,_food_(19561622499).jpg|thumb|Umugeshi]] '''Umugeshi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Hagenia abyssinica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 50usez1fcy34yzdelhjdcu5dg2omvmc 0 5785 28144 2011-03-29T11:45:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugeshi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugeshi]] cgnq7c82ey5d190dyvuzsnoxhdv2vdn 0 5786 77042 66918 2021-08-05T08:23:23Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Polyscias balfouriana 2815.jpg|thumb|''Polyscias fulva'']] '''Umwungo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Polyscias fulva '') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] igixk76tp97bl94p21cpd84ktnyvq7e 0 5787 28147 2011-03-29T12:02:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwungo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwungo]] t69ipkqd5om6c2tuccn5ztfwv9jfp42 0 5788 78738 66921 2021-08-26T09:33:24Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 020911-0028 Pennisetum clandestinum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Umucaca</font>]] [[Dosiye:Starr_060429-9488_Pennisetum_clandestinum.jpg|thumb|Umucaca]] '''Umucaca''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pennisetum clandestinum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] kbn2v04wfesjxkjqb1y5dsw24vzjlbu 0 5789 28150 2011-03-29T12:06:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umucaca]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umucaca]] kfsx1uglysr5v7s19cklb4b7g3ksdp8 0 5793 28155 2011-03-29T12:26:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Vitamini C]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vitamini C]] nj2mpr6kp73qx6k97m5vow16h51jz17 0 5794 28160 2011-03-29T12:40:42Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Imbuto]] to [[Urubuto]]: from pluralium to singularium wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urubuto]] lowzv0e0rn0uwklocspkd72lfju0t70 0 5795 78750 74112 2021-08-26T10:49:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Slender Cypress-pine.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Callitrisi</span>]] '''Callitrisi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Callitris'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] [[Dosiye:Callitris_Preissii_-_Anstey_Hill.jpg|thumb|Callitrisi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 3ydyxyqx0ct1fqaq7ltcbbzuetz62vt 0 5796 28164 2011-03-29T12:44:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Callitrisi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Callitrisi]] p2ol5z4rutjtuv5zhdibqb719pl6vwj 0 5797 76713 74082 2021-07-31T20:23:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Senna spectabilis 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikasiya</span>]] '''Ikasiya''' cyangwa '''Cassiya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senna spectabilis'' cyangwa ''Cassia spectabilis'' na ''Cassia siamea'' ) ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Senna_spectabilis_(DC.)_H.S.Irwin_&_Barneby.jpg|thumb|Ikasiya]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 0eutgas3d6e24u68hrt31gt623j6852 0 5798 30493 28166 2011-04-05T06:56:12Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ikasiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikasiya]] h41vp77zwtjchz9vcwlqytnvlp9ic73 0 5799 30494 28167 2011-04-05T06:56:17Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ikasiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikasiya]] h41vp77zwtjchz9vcwlqytnvlp9ic73 0 5800 81655 76721 2022-01-31T11:23:29Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Casuarina cunninghamiana tree.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umubunda </span>]] [[File:Casuarina cunninghamiana DistMap.png|thumb|right|250px|''Casuarina cunninghamiana'']] '''Umubunda''' c [[Dosiye:Casuarina_cristata.jpg|thumb|Umubunda (Casuarina)]] yangwa '''Casuarina''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Casuarina cunninghamiana'') ni [[igiti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 6wvcmrcnvpuia4pyq8c2h8q5u1d63ge 0 5801 28169 2011-03-29T12:53:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubunda (casuarina)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubunda (casuarina)]] q6kt2p18tj1g44nzkprsojl76hrb4vq 0 5802 28170 2011-03-29T12:53:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubunda (casuarina)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubunda (casuarina)]] q6kt2p18tj1g44nzkprsojl76hrb4vq 0 5803 74072 66743 2020-12-05T02:50:11Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Grevillea robusta flowering in Gan Shmuel01.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gereverya</span>]] [[File:Grevillea robusta-1.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Gereverya</span>]] '''Gereveliya''' cyangwa '''Gereverya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Grevillea robusta'') ni [[igiti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] rad18jp8y8q7i5qrdvtb21mpqnhznkj 0 5804 30495 28173 2011-04-05T06:56:22Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Gereveliya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gereveliya]] 4z03apcwx952kf5b9ik54ypsmuu21vv 0 5806 28178 2011-03-29T13:11:16Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Urubuto rwa Yakobo]] to [[Igifenesi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igifenesi]] 6phemsnndkgmq1glyjspnnz2njcvkh8 0 5807 28181 2011-03-29T13:13:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikawa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikawa]] 0nyopz481udt60lp1c6ui1ty8b46ftp 0 5808 82418 81691 2022-04-05T18:47:41Z Iifar 9348 better pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tamarillos - whole and halved.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikinyomoro</span>]] [[Dosiye:Solanum betaceum 1zz.jpg|thumb|ikinyomoro n`igiti ]] '''Ikinyomoro''' (ubwinshi: '''Ibinyomoro''') cyangwa '''Itunda''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum betaceum'' cyangwa ''Cyphomandra betacea'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. Amazina yacyo azwi ni '''Tamarillo/Tamamoro''' cyangwa '''Tree tomato''' mu Cyongereza, cyangwa na none '''tomate de árbol''' mu ki Español. Ikinyomoro cyizamo intungamubiri nyinshi Amavitamine A,C,E ndetse na pro vitamini A. Ni isoko nziza ya ma vitamins ya B complex niacin,thiamine na riboflavini,ni izindi. [[Dosiye:Solanum_betaceum_2zz.jpg|thumb|Ibinyomoro n'ibiiti byabyo]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 3n2iv8vv1qajdjsvbqredkxpjkguzv5 0 5809 28183 2011-03-29T13:23:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyomoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyomoro]] i67ogvvh42ef4yj96w12k4tmpddm91p 0 5810 28184 2011-03-29T13:24:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyomoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyomoro]] i67ogvvh42ef4yj96w12k4tmpddm91p 0 5811 28185 2011-03-29T13:25:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyomoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyomoro]] i67ogvvh42ef4yj96w12k4tmpddm91p 0 5817 28193 2011-03-29T13:38:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ipapaya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ipapaya]] qhrxrxtrwzr7bvhyfvhiy8fnye57u3b 0 5818 81651 76716 2022-01-31T11:22:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carica_papaya_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-029.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ipapaya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Well Fruited Pawpaw Tree in Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|amapapayi]] '''Ipapaya''' (''umugereka'') / '''Amapapaya''' (''ubuke'') cyangwa '''Ipapayi''' (''umugereka'') / '''Amapapayi''' (''ubuke'')(izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Carica papaya'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. == N’izindi == * [[Ipapaya y’umusozi]] (''Vasconcellea pubescens'')[[Dosiye:Mamão_papaia_em_fundo_preto.jpg|thumb|amapapayi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 4kkoc8738ue9dytic29ff3lhiml34rn 0 5819 81650 78990 2022-01-31T11:22:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vasconcellea pubescens.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ipapaya y’umusozi</span>]] [[File:Papaya fruits.JPG|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ipapaya y’umusozi</span>]] '''Ipapaya y’umusozi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Vasconcellea pubescens'' cyangwa ''Carica cundinamarcensis'' ) ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Pawpaw - male flowers in profusion (6651149717).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ipapayi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] fvp7lb2iiiufbdr0sz6dxlppqn61ya7 0 5820 28197 2011-03-29T13:45:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ipapaya y’umusozi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ipapaya y’umusozi]] qrjbbqkwphustqalgsrzxdh1nwmtw8h 0 5821 28199 2011-03-29T13:46:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ipapaya y’umusozi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ipapaya y’umusozi]] qrjbbqkwphustqalgsrzxdh1nwmtw8h 0 5822 78814 74081 2021-08-27T10:19:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cedrela odorata foliage.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Isederera</span>]] [[Dosiye:Starr-091104-0681-Cedrela_serrata-leaves-Kahanu_Gardens_NTBG_Kaeleku_Hana-Maui_(24360597833).jpg|thumb|Isederera]] '''Isederera''' cyangwa '''Sedrela''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cedrela serrata '') ni [[igiti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] m4ngmw6ll44txpheerunrmdgqzkrvst 0 5823 28201 2011-03-29T13:54:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isederera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isederera]] 1jbbrgy6eba3wjf0agydw4bf9aetzif 0 5824 74070 66581 2020-12-05T02:49:53Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jacaranda bhutan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Jakaranda</span>]] [[File:Jacaranda mimosifolia flowers and leaves.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Jakaranda</span>]] '''Jakaranda''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Jacaranda mimosifolia'') ni [[igiti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ptqngqzw3ruw8qfxt2wyfn0f4bi10g3 0 5825 74068 66580 2020-12-05T02:49:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Leucaena glauca.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Lesena</span>]] [[File:Leucaena leucocephala.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Lesena</span>]] '''Lesena''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Leucaena leucocephala '') ni [[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 5l28fo0kmx9uenpaft35rwy43bzi3hk 0 5826 28204 2011-03-29T14:01:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Lesena]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lesena]] m6dm9jqg1x879imd0l00j4c2lccyrio 0 5827 81668 76717 2022-01-31T11:25:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mandarin tree closeup.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Mandarine</span>]] [[File:Mandarina.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Mandarine</span>]] [[Dosiye:Mandarin_Oranges_(Citrus_Reticulata).jpg|thumb|Mandarine ]] '''Mandarine''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Citrus reticulata'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] t43dnp6kwinxo1ebbjo9154okoidnk8 0 5828 28207 2011-03-29T14:04:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mandarine]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mandarine]] 7aqyflegujlaoqvbw147p9t8bx3wilb 0 5829 76722 66582 2021-07-31T20:51:26Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pinus densiflora Kumgangsan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Umubunda </font>]] '''Umubunda''' cyangwa '''Pinusi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pinus'') ni [[igiti]]. * [[Amahwa ya Kasi]] (''Pinus kesiya'')[[Dosiye:Pinus_brutia_-_Kızılçam_04.JPG|thumb|Umubunda (pinusi)]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 2sh55tduumg3c8wwbmu33yrahpa7cph 0 5830 28209 2011-03-29T14:06:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubunda (pinusi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubunda (pinusi)]] n76redp4npp5i5rqe2tnmt6rfslu1dj 0 5831 28210 2011-03-29T14:07:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubunda (pinusi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubunda (pinusi)]] n76redp4npp5i5rqe2tnmt6rfslu1dj 0 5832 76723 66848 2021-07-31T20:54:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plumeria alba2709449426.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umudwedwe </font>]] [[File:Plumeria alba2067693830.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Umudwedwe </font>]] '''Umudwedwe ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Plumeria alba'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Plumeria2.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umudwedwe </font>]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] likvughmdw9a7pftog9e3w5w0tbgcww 0 5833 28215 2011-03-29T14:12:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umudwedwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umudwedwe]] jheidi0l1v5dlsr51gx1b5s1agz4wrb 0 5834 81642 70309 2022-01-31T11:21:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cajanus cajan.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukunde</span>]] [[File:Pigeon peas2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukunde</span>]] [[File:Cajanus cajan MHNT.BOT.2015.2.47.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''Cajanus cajan'']] '''Umukunde''' cyangwa '''Itenderwa ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cajanus cajan'' cyangwa ''Cajanus indicus'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] qzc2d7pbfxgb1khc380jg42drh6p1de 0 5835 28217 2011-03-29T14:14:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukunde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukunde]] r0bit4022v1ekdeihn6p1bfixhxe8j3 0 5836 28218 2011-03-29T14:15:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukunde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukunde]] r0bit4022v1ekdeihn6p1bfixhxe8j3 0 5837 28219 2011-03-29T14:15:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukunde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukunde]] r0bit4022v1ekdeihn6p1bfixhxe8j3 0 5838 81723 76728 2022-01-31T11:33:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eriobotrya japonica2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunoferiya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Nispero.svg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Umunoferiya</span>]] '''Umunoferiya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Eriobotrya japonica'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] j1d8xhmtreqdkl2zzvkrz4d7dw4pm9m 0 5839 28221 2011-03-29T14:17:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunoferiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunoferiya]] 8kbgmzbfy8jk2rzdbwuffyvtbx2hjca 0 5840 81676 76739 2022-01-31T11:26:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mexican Cypress.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuzonibari</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cupressus_lusitanica_at_Chikhaldara,_Maharashtra06.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Umuzonibari</span>]] '''Umuzonibari''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cupressus lusitanica'') ni [[igiti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 10m5sidjdt0sczr484av02z4bxiqb6r 0 5841 28224 2011-03-29T14:20:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuzonibari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuzonibari]] qotfpt4ddq8aeny27sso4thfpgxxyih 0 5842 28225 2011-03-29T14:21:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwembe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwembe]] ddqjqhssmncy7snkd4ag5jopmh5eyr4 0 5843 78651 30062 2021-08-26T02:54:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umwungo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Begonia meyeri-johannis'') ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Plant.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|umwungo]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 3tvi2u3o5ivdihmyoo8ghs5a6hvs2ip 0 5844 70873 66712 2017-02-19T22:55:17Z RudolfSimon 651 Photo added wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SynadeniumGrantii.jpg|thumb|Synadenium Grantii]] '''Amadwedwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Euphorbia grantii'' cyangwa ''Synadenium grantii'') ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] j5gxb7b27tejbpslw7siitsqlkvhpkq 0 5845 76699 75168 2021-07-31T14:01:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:W ooaretinogiku3111.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bambuba</span>]] '''Bambuwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Conyza aegyptiaca'') ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Arya_-_conyza_sumatrensis_-_jelantir_pilangsari_2019_1.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Bambuba ikirinoya</span>]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] aoavte3g1jxia1ke95m7w5soyy6td8n 0 5846 28231 2011-03-29T14:33:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amadwedwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amadwedwe]] 88cddtv3pzvgovreoi1zkwi7g5tnudj 0 5847 28232 2011-03-29T14:33:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bambuwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bambuwa]] t9ms4id9oigrbc5rh874pbbrbyjd8di 0 5848 76702 74113 2021-07-31T14:04:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acacia mearnsii blossoms.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Barakatsi</span>]] '''Barakatsi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia mearnsii'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]].<nowiki>[[File:Parasitized caterpillar.jpg|thumb|Parasitized caterpillar]]</nowiki> [[Dosiye:Parasitized_caterpillar.jpg|thumb|ikinyabwoya  ku giti cya Barakatsi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 163rcyv9unhb501bzmr3skf6g62n4z1 0 5849 28235 28234 2011-03-29T14:35:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Barakatsi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Barakatsi]] ehmo6yr0ae1ogkcjep31sers6rh4ag3 0 5850 81620 78716 2022-01-31T11:18:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hygrophila schulli (Kolshinda) in Narshapur, AP W3 IMG 0926.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bugangabukare</span>]] '''Bugangabukare''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Hygrophila auriculata'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Hygrophila_auriculata_(25974147785).jpg|thumb|Bugangabukare]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 39sw26t8fmye4wlaq3g8ogtror3e2vx 0 5851 28237 2011-03-29T14:38:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bugangabukare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bugangabukare]] kp6f9agbbhdgx8ish4ohx0y7llwf6tn 0 5852 77188 74092 2021-08-09T03:37:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Morus-alba.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Iboberi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Morus alba in Perbawati 00.jpg|thumb|Ibobere]] '''Iboberi''' cyangwa '''Ibobere''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Morus alba'') ni [[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] ppuqkkazr4ue65ov46wkpk4jr7ydqdf 0 5853 28239 2011-03-29T14:40:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Iboberi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Iboberi]] tarkagzbitt4enhzs1jdk7bhg2kabuy 0 5854 77157 66598 2021-08-08T03:07:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flore-bassin-bleu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Icyicamahirwe</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tithonia diversifolia (1).jpg|thumb|''Tithonia diversifolia'']] '''Icyicamahirwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Tithonia diversifolia'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] kzd0vtk7elbnckwf9vsh8rhx127x0ik 0 5855 28241 2011-03-29T14:42:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyicamahirwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyicamahirwe]] md3idn4ypiy5iu3ev5binh4iafq309d 0 5856 66599 28286 2013-03-11T11:14:45Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3316083]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pavonia hastata1DavidMidgley.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Icyuyuyu</font>]] '''Icyuyuyu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pavonia urens'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 6xhg0ref73fw7xo7nsthgrw2a0mzghu 0 5857 28243 2011-03-29T14:44:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyuyuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyuyuyu]] 1l74oe8k3cs1mkmshg68ygxyxo4hqgc 0 5858 67602 28245 2013-04-02T19:05:30Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7840758]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Trichodesma zeylanicum flower.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Icyumwa</font>]] '''Icyumwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Trichodesma zeylanicum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] oloc8reelaa5k6zkugylrz60h7e8rr3 0 5859 28247 28246 2011-03-29T14:51:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Icyumwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyumwa]] 81t1z8u2d0pb01uwp3bt2gpzcxsbrs1 0 5860 81656 66922 2022-01-31T11:23:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Catharanthus roseus.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Idaforoma</span>]] [[File: Catharanthus roseus MHNT.BOT.2005.0962.jpg|thumb|'' Catharanthus roseus'']] '''Idaforoma''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Catharanthus roseus'' cyangwa ''Vinca rosea'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] t15gaf6gmuwkowsn0vdmozg51l1iqya 0 5861 28249 2011-03-29T14:54:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Idaforoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Idaforoma]] exyf1gy4fhy8dzultwhq09wiht7mmlj 0 5862 28250 2011-03-29T14:54:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Idaforoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Idaforoma]] exyf1gy4fhy8dzultwhq09wiht7mmlj 0 5863 66923 36162 2013-03-11T11:22:00Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 15 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411311]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vernonia baldwinii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Vernonia baldwinii''</font>]] '''Idoma''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Vernonia aenulans'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] k1pf3w0sncondcsx4tzql2mqlq6ljrp 0 5864 28252 2011-03-29T14:59:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Idoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Idoma]] gc59uw2qw7be79kqvuakntmbqvs4nd5 0 5865 78816 28254 2021-08-27T10:23:30Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 070321-5993 Manihot glaziovii.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igicucu</font>]] '''Igicucu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Manihot glaziovii'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Manihot_glaziovii.jpg|thumb|Igicucu]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 0zvtq6y3ecknchvoqrgd8gdfemdbj6i 0 5866 28255 2011-03-29T15:03:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicucu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicucu]] 9s23cbz5mlp62xs6kpfs4ictw7apn3b 0 5867 78797 76773 2021-08-27T09:44:07Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Erlangea aggregata 144-8755.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Igicumucumu]] [[Dosiye:Erlangea_tomentosa_135-8269.jpg|thumb|Igicumucumu]] '''Igicumucumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Bothriocline ugandensis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] k394hvo82oip17mxp3n4r1gqe3oj3wi 0 5868 28403 28257 2011-03-29T18:13:06Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Igicumucumu (Bothriocline)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicumucumu (Bothriocline)]] ib76apbnuqyqsp3hs2xbhwji6y1oxq5 0 5869 78998 76778 2021-08-30T11:20:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coleus zeylanicus.jpg|thumb|375x375px|Igicunshu]] [[Dosiye:Coleus6.jpg|thumb|Igicunshu]] '''Igicunshu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Coleus kilimandschari'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] i330ynbv15ccu3697qd42jdzcnevvoa 0 5870 28259 2011-03-29T15:08:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicunshu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicunshu]] krmomyfeob7qyqu7hjbq4t5ek1wj6y5 0 5871 28260 2011-03-29T15:11:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with "[[File:Protea madiensis MS 3792.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igihungeri</font>]] '''Igihungeri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Protea madiensis'') ni [[ikimera]..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Protea madiensis MS 3792.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igihungeri</font>]] '''Igihungeri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Protea madiensis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] qqia216x8mc5bx0y3dzvbsk5zivnabs 0 5872 28261 2011-03-29T15:11:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihungeri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihungeri]] 0qil5vdjns7l8sjf3e4pswkufgmp9le 0 5873 78796 76789 2021-08-27T09:42:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dracaena steudneri Engl.jpg|thumb|365x365px|Igihondohondo]] [[Dosiye:Dracaena_(Liliaceae).jpg|thumb|Igihondohondo]] '''Igihondohondo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dracaena steudneri'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] mnw3sv5sjr7iyjoehjkkv94qr7gu94y 0 5874 76781 76491 2021-08-02T07:15:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aloe hybrid, jardín del molino, Sierra de San Felipe, Setúbal, Portugal, 2012-05-11, DD 01.jpg|thumb|282x282px|Igikakarubamba]] [[Dosiye:Aloe dawei Knospe.jpg|thumb|igikakarubamba]] '''Igikakarubamba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Aloe dawei'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] imf6gves0ek62hf4gwp9nk8lgvq2ltq 0 5875 28264 2011-03-29T15:15:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikakarubamba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikakarubamba]] okousto8xmoly3a23x8x3zpja5kxfwm 0 5876 28265 2011-03-29T15:15:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihondohondo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihondohondo]] fgg5yb6p8u4r94lwpticxwaa7ol370y 0 5877 78731 70535 2021-08-26T08:46:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tabak P9290021.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igikamba </font>]] '''Igikamba''' cyangwa '''Itabi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Nicotianum tabacum'') ni [[ikimera]]. *'''Igitabitabi''' (izina [[cyongereza]] ''wild tobacco'')[[Dosiye:Tabako_LCCN2009630280.jpg|thumb|Igikamba]] [[Category:Ibimera]] lb7nbk3zhwsytdpev5ge1sbvr550b35 0 5878 28267 2011-03-29T15:21:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikamba (itabi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikamba (itabi)]] p24ahuh8trfxakg9ea0kod0v5ss72ah 0 5879 28268 2011-03-29T15:21:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikamba (itabi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikamba (itabi)]] p24ahuh8trfxakg9ea0kod0v5ss72ah 0 5880 28269 2011-03-29T15:21:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikamba (itabi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikamba (itabi)]] p24ahuh8trfxakg9ea0kod0v5ss72ah 0 5881 76818 66839 2021-08-02T18:29:24Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brennnessel 1.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igisura</font>]] [[Dosiye:2020_year._Herbarium._Urtica_dioica._img-009.jpg|thumb|Ikibabi cy'Igisura]] '''Igisura''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Urtica dioica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] 0j8shijtqemutelulsrd2dr887myw19 0 5882 78808 77169 2021-08-27T10:06:05Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kalanchoe veg.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igitenetene</font>]] [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe blossfeldiana kz01.jpg|thumb|Kalanchoe blossfeldiana]] [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe_sp_Sokotra.jpg|thumb|Igitenetene]] '''Igitenetene''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Kalanchoe'' sp.) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] sndep6tn91tlttgjea8wft7lnteuk6r 0 5883 78799 70537 2021-08-27T09:47:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solanum capsicoides.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igitoborwa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Solanum_capsicoides_(18305355604).jpg|thumb|Igitoborwa]] '''Igitoborwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum capsicoides'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 0m3szzasjg6umma5hcgqy8addejyu1w 0 5884 28274 2011-03-29T15:34:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitoborwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitoborwa]] 0a4jgmzfy6mrtex59q8rgoz93o9dcwz 0 5885 78800 76772 2021-08-27T09:49:24Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Blumea alata Rungiah.jpg|thumb|341x341px|Igitotsi]] '''Igitotsi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Blumea alata '') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:The_flora_of_the_Nilgiri_and_Pulney_Hill-tops_(1915)_(14760009106).jpg|thumb|Igitotsi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 6grhxlraz332dkejo3y4rq4u5v26qus 0 5886 28276 2011-03-29T15:37:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitotsi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitotsi]] m9xozqmf2ejee0x4hrdy39tvoa7ui95 0 5887 77150 66840 2021-08-08T02:52:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hibiscus diversifolius.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igiturabuguma</font>]] [[Dosiye:Hibiscus diversifolius kz1.jpg|thumb|''Hibiscus diversifolius'']] '''Igiturabuguma''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Hibiscus diversifolius'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] fqwfncguavcmpzazujvdgnnbmhyhk0m 0 5888 28278 2011-03-29T15:40:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igiturabuguma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igiturabuguma]] mddi4csctmmzu936x5x4cpl3k1mz8v5 0 5889 77170 76754 2021-08-08T03:38:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Acanthus pubescens, bloeiwyse, Jan Celliers Park, c.jpg|thumb|455x455px|igitovu]] [[Dosiye:Acanthus pubescens, Jan Celliers Park.jpg|thumb|igitovu]] '''Umutovu''' cyangwa '''Igitovu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acanthus pubescens'') ni ubwoko [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] ddxw47g1srfinbe5ggptldcwmojdnco 0 5890 30496 28280 2011-04-05T06:56:28Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umutovu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutovu]] 86ioe7v9wq0nwhjmcwq5e1pxpdk69ap 0 5891 70868 70867 2017-02-19T22:45:48Z RudolfSimon 651 commons wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rubia cordifolia.jpg|thumb|Rubia cordifolia]] '''Ikararambwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Rubia cordifolia'') ni [[ikimera]]. == Weblinks == {{commons|Rubia cordifolia}} [[Category:Ibimera]] 2jefk0t5favr9qpavuveknpl0vopoy1 0 5892 28282 2011-03-29T15:43:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikararambwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikararambwe]] 68tp8v2v5m1t7esgctdkqc0f86cze9a 0 5893 78802 77861 2021-08-27T09:54:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Senecio_vulgaris-1.jpg|thumb|Ikegera cyikirigito]] '''Ikegera''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senecio ladiensis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Plant.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|ikegera]] [[Category:Ibimera]] l8bkyev91goc1tmko7n40fl4wxm7xd8 0 5894 28297 2011-03-29T16:21:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikegera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikegera]] js9z26e837jid27i2qsb4xljnpl253c 0 5895 78732 66733 2021-08-26T08:48:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Castor bean in distubred area.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikibonobono </font>]] '''Ikibonobono ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ricinus communis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Ricin_commun.jpg|thumb|Ikibonobono]] [[Category:Ibimera]] bduawvjaay24mbh2ygscygpcwrybakn 0 5896 28300 2011-03-29T16:27:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikibonobono (Ricinus)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikibonobono (Ricinus)]] gp0ve5tg9ikfbocrxluwhyo7sxlcp8n 0 5897 78735 76281 2021-08-26T09:12:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vernonia amygdalina 06.jpg|thumb|Umubirizi]] '''Umubirizi''' cyangwa '''Umubilizi''' , '''Umugaragara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Vernonia amygdalina'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Igicumucumu (Leonotis)|Igicumucumu]] (''Leonotis nepetifolia'') hamwe n’umubirizi (''Vernonia amygdalina'') ni ibiti bifite uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi bw’indwara y’inzoka zo mu nda ku matungo. [[Dosiye:Vernonia_amygdalina_04.jpg|thumb|Umubirizi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] gdgksow26cssv8v6ywbm7mdu5a65zzt 0 5898 30498 28310 2011-04-05T06:56:38Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umubirizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubirizi]] pdzocfu99a1rk43utz8dw7sjotoke90 0 5899 77976 66735 2021-08-19T19:48:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Leonotis_nepetifolia.jpg|thumb|Igicumucumu (Leonotis nepetifolia)]] '''Igicumucumu''' ni :1. [[Igicumucumu (Leonotis)]] :2. [[Igicumucumu (Bothriocline)]] 2jeg1iwv2arbp4a9la2bnwuskzto7h7 0 5900 77192 70710 2021-08-09T03:50:04Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Leonotis nepetifolia1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Igicumucumu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Leonotis nepetifolia22.jpg|thumb|igicumucumu]] '''Igicumucumu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Leonotis nepetifolia'') ni [[ikimera]]. Igicumucumu (''Leonotis nepetifolia'') hamwe n’[[umubirizi]] (''Vernonia amygdalina'') ni ibiti bifite uruhare rukomeye mu buvuzi bw’indwara y’inzoka zo mu nda ku matungo. {{stub}} [[Category:Ibimera]] 1ygpd9xtwcqn7ort6kggza3eoyi3bzc 0 5901 28315 2011-03-29T16:43:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igicumucumu (Leonotis)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igicumucumu (Leonotis)]] 21mo90zvv069c7m5185rz54iba0x76j 0 5902 76770 28318 2021-08-02T06:20:14Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 berkyeya spekeana wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Berkheya spinosissima.jpg|thumb|395x395px|Ikigwarara]] '''Ikigwarara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Berkheya spekeana'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 793i2iycukye53r87hdukji96qm3jl9 0 5903 28319 2011-03-29T16:50:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigwarara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigwarara]] 1om7vgep3hxudc4k7cjmfrzr677ymkx 0 5904 81731 70453 2022-01-31T11:35:13Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Euphorbia candelabrum 1.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukunde</span>]] '''Ikiba''' cyangwa '''Umuduha''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Euphorbia candelabrum'') ni [[igiti]] . <gallery> File:Euphorbia candelabrum 002.JPG File:Euphorbia candelabrum 003.JPG File:Euphorbia candelabrum 004.JPG </gallery> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] md1nola5oruitmgwle7gkdw1icuf2r6 0 5905 28322 2011-03-29T16:52:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikiba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikiba]] lkd0nig3zdejmk4t1890fbxa9gzed9w 0 5906 28323 2011-03-29T16:52:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikiba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikiba]] lkd0nig3zdejmk4t1890fbxa9gzed9w 0 5907 76714 66873 2021-07-31T20:26:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Opuntia Ficus.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikimungu</font>]] [[File:Opuntia ficus-indica fruit9.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Ikimungu</font>]] '''Ikimungu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Opuntia ficus-indica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Opuntia_ficus-indica_-_Indian_fig_06.jpg|thumb|Ikimungu]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] seixn1b2yz2tg3gudoq7208qcftx8sn 0 5908 28327 2011-03-29T16:56:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikimungu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikimungu]] 7giovvxl2smuhj8slxptd0ko8o7nyy0 0 5909 76780 28329 2021-08-02T07:15:05Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:海州常山 Clerodendrum trichotomum -香港嘉道理農場 Kadoorie Farm, Hong Kong- (9229894458).jpg|thumb|361x361px|Ikinyankurwe]] '''Ikinyankurwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Clerodendrum fuscum'' cyangwa ''Clerodendrum johnstonii'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 7ybkkutsvnwovvtpqqcnrax0f9eihfm 0 5910 28330 2011-03-29T16:59:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyankurwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyankurwe]] d72pbrb06vog8jc5yng7lcbuq61v0kb 0 5911 28331 2011-03-29T16:59:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyankurwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyankurwe]] d72pbrb06vog8jc5yng7lcbuq61v0kb 0 5912 78801 76994 2021-08-27T09:51:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sun flowers in the sky.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|ikinyondo]] '''Ikinyondonyondo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Kalanchoe '' sp.) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Kalanchoe_sp._-_Flickr_-_gailhampshire.jpg|thumb|Ikinyondonyondo]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 4t5czq9ffh0yedifbki4yvk11fpgi8p 0 5913 81795 78805 2022-01-31T11:45:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guizotiaabyssinica.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikizimyamuliro</span>]] [[Dosiye:Guizotia_scabra,_with_a_colorful_moth_(25234635262).jpg|thumb|Ikizimyamuliro]] '''Ikizimyamuliro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Guizotia scabra'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 6uhyfop8mhlkzzt1crv5ufursujb3jh 0 5914 28336 2011-03-29T17:03:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikizimyamuliro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikizimyamuliro]] q3nlh2fm1zi8dpt607z4c3sos7agocm 0 5915 78806 76779 2021-08-27T10:01:16Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clerodendrum trichotomum.jpg|thumb|347x347px|Ikiziranyenzi]] [[Dosiye:Clerodendrum_speciosissimum_Tropenhaus_Gruga.jpg|thumb|Ikiziranyenzi]] '''Ikiziranyenzi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Clerodendrum rotundifolium'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] nkia24rg53e3z3ziri2u2rzwyw2pldm 0 5916 28338 2011-03-29T17:05:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikiziranyenzi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikiziranyenzi]] 2396udxsq6exvgtpi641srtmxnz3g3d 0 5917 78811 76498 2021-08-27T10:11:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mexican strawberries.jpg|thumb|299x299px|inkeli zo muri megizike]] [[Dosiye:Rubus_rigidus.jpg|thumb|Inkeli]] '''Inkeli''' cyangwa '''Umukeli''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Rubus rigidus'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imbuto]] hly4ijgyg0qx61kav7ldan5mv640lbq 0 5918 28340 2011-03-29T17:12:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkeli]] pgo047hkdibze82qhwjrmqywnf952w9 0 5919 28341 2011-03-29T17:12:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkeli]] pgo047hkdibze82qhwjrmqywnf952w9 0 5920 78794 77034 2021-08-27T09:40:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Solanum aculeastrum 4.jpg|thumb|''Solanum aculeastrum'']] [[Dosiye:Solanum_aculeastrum_3.jpg|thumb|Intobo]] '''Intobo''' cyangwa '''Umutobotobo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum aculeastrum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imbuto]] hv0axcit8j3f4uglr58oky00wdemsro 0 5921 28345 2011-03-29T17:14:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intobo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intobo]] e5fecdn31k88btfxgtmq5nmqasqobrn 0 5922 28682 28346 2011-03-30T20:50:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urutoryi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urutoryi]] s09gd2zr5d8u2749b3kh67gh0p0p7bh 0 5923 76822 71174 2021-08-02T18:43:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solanum melongena ja02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urutoryi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Solanum_melongena_26_08_2012_(1).JPG|thumb|Inoryi ]] '''Urutoryi''' (ubwinshi: '''Intoryi''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum melongena'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] 78a0zv7njxkgu2cz2jjw30bkq3h4u4f 0 5924 81606 78803 2022-01-31T11:15:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bidens pilosa-beijing.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inyabarasanya</span>]] '''Inyabarasanya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Bidens pilosa'') ni [[ikimera]]. (Irindi zina mu [[kinyarwanda]]'''Rurasanirabagabo''') [[Dosiye:Close_wing_nectaring_of_Colias_fieldii_Ménétriés,_1855_–_Dark_Clouded_Yellow_on_Bidens_pilosa.jpg|thumb|Ikinyugunyugu gisarura ubuki muri Inyabarasanya]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 3g7t0p8i4oyv24qdym3iu28f74l994o 0 5925 28352 2011-03-29T17:19:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyabarasanya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyabarasanya]] 8i64a8ckvqh4oih4l0eocu6vqmwadjh 0 5926 81653 78809 2022-01-31T11:23:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cassia floribunda (Bluete).JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inzirane</span>]] '''Inzirane''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senna floribunda '' cyangwa ''Cassia floribunda'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Cassia_floribunda.jpg|thumb|Inzirane]] [[Category:Ibimera]] awo7u5v0mykggp73u6a0yawo3q57fq3 0 5927 28354 2011-03-29T17:23:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inzirane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inzirane]] lvpgbm5xxm96ro9malvybbaxfvmar4j 0 5928 28355 2011-03-29T17:24:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inzirane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inzirane]] lvpgbm5xxm96ro9malvybbaxfvmar4j 0 5929 66655 50008 2013-03-11T11:15:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 7 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3240154]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChristianBauer stalk of basil.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Isonga</font>]] '''Isonga''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ocimum americanum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] b4a3pouj0orownsiwoqr557x5ig4gxt 0 5930 28358 2011-03-29T17:27:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isonga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isonga]] 65xfyl9qx8p6c4zd9pn9mzhy4j2bzp0 0 5931 81649 76821 2022-01-31T11:22:34Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tabasco peppers.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Insenda</span>]] [[Dosiye:Solanaceae_Capsicum_frutescens_1.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Insenda</span>]] '''Urusenda''' (ubuke: '''Insenda''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Capsicum frutescens'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] 4db4lf4mm9zflias56imwo61jgi4d18 0 5932 28360 2011-03-29T17:30:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urusenda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urusenda]] 6w8pnlw2rvvlg7hor1vug5dvklao9zd 0 5933 81516 66751 2022-01-31T11:01:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dysphania ambrosioides NRCS-1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Kavunjahomo</span>]] [[File: Dysphania ambrosioides MHNT.BOT.2012.10.16.jpg|thumb|'' Dysphania ambrosioides '']] '''Kavunjahomo''' cyangwa '''Akavunjahoma''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dysphania ambrosioides'' cyangwa ''Chenopodium ambrosioides'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] avbfzwa77qsh9m4ru4610igbu0wwjy1 0 5934 28364 2011-03-29T17:32:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kavunjahomo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kavunjahomo]] nooocxp4lhw8gj34l0bjyvaqbad6zp3 0 5935 28365 2011-03-29T17:33:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kavunjahomo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kavunjahomo]] nooocxp4lhw8gj34l0bjyvaqbad6zp3 0 5936 28366 2011-03-29T17:33:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kavunjahomo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kavunjahomo]] nooocxp4lhw8gj34l0bjyvaqbad6zp3 0 5937 78734 70553 2021-08-26T09:09:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jan Moninckx06.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">''Sansevieria hyacinthoides''</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flowering_Sanseveria_HW.jpg|thumb|Rubamba]] '''Rubamba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Sanseveria '' sp.) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] r2n5yr55yon6ryjan3ow0h8h7fiihsm 0 5938 28368 2011-03-29T17:38:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rubamba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rubamba]] qm8zz07luh5sdm5eksubwzjl9h4ngwn 0 5939 70415 66753 2016-01-25T16:43:37Z Ercé 3460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 030612-0063 Tribulus terrestris.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ubuhandanzovu</font>]] [[File:Tribulus terrestris MHNT.BOT.2007.40.112.jpg|thumb|''Tribulus terrestris'']] '''Ubuhandanzovu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Tribulus terrestris'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] fxlb4hspy6748mpyzqqxxxxho8rfecc 0 5940 28370 2011-03-29T17:39:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuhandanzovu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuhandanzovu]] i7lktgrm8eordyuitvhupv0mmiqgcdb 0 5941 81667 78820 2022-01-31T11:25:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cissus quadrangularis W IMG 3197.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umubogora</span>]] '''Umubogora''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cissus quadrangularis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Cissus_quadrangularis_1DS-II_7167.jpg|thumb|Umubogora]] [[Category:Ibimera]] ii1y7634oulxtbaifj06qyembrzz6cn 0 5942 28373 2011-03-29T17:43:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubogora]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubogora]] bnijns637nji9pyb577ti2z94m94fr8 0 5943 78741 66914 2021-08-26T09:45:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solanum incanum 002.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umucucu</font>]] '''Umucucu''' cyangwa '''Umushunshu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Solanum incanum'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Solanum_incanum_%3F_(Solanaceae)_(4757267542).jpg|thumb|Umucucu]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 8jrqwk1zn16293cjtoqyx4hay9qwocy 0 5944 28375 2011-03-29T17:45:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umucucu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umucucu]] pogvhegw8ga1onrw9kmdoncuxzn6vpd 0 5945 81652 78740 2022-01-31T11:23:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 030201-0001 Senna didymobotrya.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umucyuro</span>]] [[Dosiye:Senna_didymobotrya_(14519135904).jpg|thumb|Umucyuro]] '''Umucyuro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senna didymobotrya'' cyangwa ''Cassia didymobotrya'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 9oj579tffth91uajj33s1esp620k0fh 0 5946 28377 2011-03-29T17:47:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umucyuro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umucyuro]] s8ve9kxm0b2ps3ys5el8mphdoz8exsd 0 5947 28378 2011-03-29T17:47:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umucyuro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umucyuro]] s8ve9kxm0b2ps3ys5el8mphdoz8exsd 0 5948 81641 67373 2022-01-31T11:21:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 011205-0119 Caesalpinia decapetala.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umufatangwe</span>]] [[File:Caesalpinia decapetala MHNT.BOT.2009.13.14.jpg|thumb|''Caesalpinia decapetala'']] '''Umufatangwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Caesalpinia decapetala'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 1ndgstthf72u0or4vlb01yp9uuq1y1k 0 5949 28380 2011-03-29T17:49:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umufatangwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umufatangwe]] t9hcwahsca3u0yebewk9iz7gq9rrrwe 0 5950 78760 76791 2021-08-26T11:53:38Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cape Ash (Ekebergia capensis) (17287690206).jpg|thumb|321x321px|Umufumba]] '''Umufumba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Rumex usambarensis'') ni [[icyatsi]] . [[Dosiye:Ekebergia_capensis.JPG|thumb|Umufumba]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:ibyatsi]] brrmkvyp92ix2847dfbeqgymc57enlx 0 5951 28383 2011-03-29T17:53:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umufumba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umufumba]] ia2e3as43hdofsfnlv9n0o9rwso4wv8 0 5952 78823 77899 2021-08-27T10:38:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Calanthe_sylvatica_Calanthe_masuka_OrchidsBln0906c.jpg|thumb|'''Umufumbageshi''']] [[Dosiye:Trichilia_dregeana,_blaarkruin,_Louwsburg.jpg|thumb|Umufumbageshi utararaba]] '''Umufumbageshi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Balthasaria schliebenii'' var. ''intermedia'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] oy7kh6bemmligcur2qbwzc63k4kzcdw 0 5953 28385 2011-03-29T17:55:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umufumbageshi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umufumbageshi]] ftmbx7kpgbmj60rhm6wjb4494wp0uof 0 5954 77645 66637 2021-08-14T17:31:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Toddalia_asiatica_20.JPG|thumb|Toddalia asiatica 20]] [[Dosiye:Toddalia_asiatica_03.JPG|thumb|Toddalia asiatica 03]] '''Umugasa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Toddalia asiatica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] pjc80bbefrrfp4ae3lyofczpkctf4uh 0 5955 28388 2011-03-29T17:57:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugasa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugasa]] hamke9qviyg8q69ilw7c5trifh6lqo2 0 5956 81569 78821 2022-01-31T11:10:10Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bamboo zone.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugano</span>]] [[Dosiye:Die_Pflanzenwelt_Afrikas,_insbesondere_seiner_tropischen_Gebiete_-_Grundzge_der_Pflanzenverbreitung_im_Afrika_und_die_Charakterpflanzen_Afrikas_(1910)_(20947618531).jpg|thumb|Umugano]] '''Umugano''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Yushania alpina'' cyangwa ''Arundinaria alpina'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] h8f25sm0gg5u22hpx3usmf0f3f2iaky 0 5957 28390 2011-03-29T17:59:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugano]] ekxdk3m06lhey1ovrc62hkfpxrv20yx 0 5958 28392 2011-03-29T18:00:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugano]] ekxdk3m06lhey1ovrc62hkfpxrv20yx 0 5959 78822 74058 2021-08-27T10:35:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 070321-5915 Trema orientalis.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugwamporo</span>]] [[Dosiye:TremaOrientalis.jpg|thumb|Umugwamporo]] '''Umugwamporo''' cyangwa '''Umuboboli''' , '''Umudoboli''' , '''Umubori''' , '''Umundondori''' , '''Umurangara ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Trema orientalis'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] re0w9k2wclncg8lno8beq2yulnfrk8q 0 5960 28394 2011-03-29T18:03:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwamporo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwamporo]] p9xn2nacoujniykrkg80bbb5t5as8p5 0 5961 28395 2011-03-29T18:03:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwamporo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwamporo]] p9xn2nacoujniykrkg80bbb5t5as8p5 0 5962 66714 63273 2013-03-11T11:17:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q332469]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LantanaFlowerLeaves-3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuhengeli</font>]] [[File:Twin lantana camara edit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<font color="grey">Intama</font>]] '''Umuhengeli''' cyangwa '''Irandani''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Lantana camara'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 8ltm3vdp229zjwzq9liqa972g4cn1k4 0 5963 28397 2011-03-29T18:06:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhengeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhengeli]] 1f173zt9md2808dcq731n7zy9uvmmxm 0 5964 28398 2011-03-29T18:07:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhengeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhengeli]] 1f173zt9md2808dcq731n7zy9uvmmxm 0 5965 81752 73966 2022-01-31T11:38:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gooseberry flower.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuhuhu</span>]] [[File:Physalis peruviana calix open close-up.jpg|thumb|]] '''Umuhuhu''' cyangwa '''Gapeli''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Physalis peruviana'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] l0cq1gp5rnuph5s0hfuci89gsqxkum8 0 5966 28400 2011-03-29T18:10:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhuhu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhuhu]] d6c5je9znvaa3k6pmyq0hb0m16o127c 0 5967 28401 2011-03-29T18:10:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhuhu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhuhu]] d6c5je9znvaa3k6pmyq0hb0m16o127c 0 5968 28409 28407 2011-03-29T18:17:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Amadwedwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amadwedwe]] 88cddtv3pzvgovreoi1zkwi7g5tnudj 0 5969 28411 2011-03-29T18:25:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugosora]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugosora]] ezjttxj8m9b97z33a8mba5t6nef9lsi 0 5970 78756 66812 2021-08-26T11:47:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eisenkraut, Passau.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umugosora</font>]] '''Umugosora''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Verbena officinalis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:P1050788-Verbena_officinalis.JPG|thumb|Umugosora]] [[Category:Ibimera]] i72rttg2l1cbyy0cfz7agjrfure9iz5 0 5971 81669 72601 2022-01-31T11:25:38Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rotheca myricoides (119832510).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukuzanyana</span>]] '''Umukuzanyana''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Rotheca myricoides'' cyangwa ''Clerodendrum myricoides'' ) ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] hh3o1bmgom7v1akdeb3p6190a4jb7xr 0 5972 28414 2011-03-29T18:30:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukuzanyana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukuzanyana]] 2l8xuv0odjivghtirexvx45n703x6cb 0 5973 28415 2011-03-29T18:30:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukuzanyana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukuzanyana]] 2l8xuv0odjivghtirexvx45n703x6cb 0 5974 78825 66814 2021-08-27T10:42:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rhamnus prinioides, leaves.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umunanira</font>]] [[Dosiye:Rhamnus_prinoides,_loof,_Ncagaberg,_b.jpg|thumb|Umunanira]] '''Umunanira''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Rhamnus prinoides'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] hxgn0akuu8qyi576lpqgnqo1df3d3zn 0 5975 28417 2011-03-29T18:33:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunanira]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunanira]] htqt103xxrmmrb655zbq4x7303v0b99 0 5976 78824 66813 2021-08-27T10:40:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sesbania sesban Blanco2.405.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umunyegenyege</font>]] '''Umunyegenyege''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Sesbania sesban'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:An_image_of_Sesbania_aegyptiaca.JPG|thumb|Umunyegenyege]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 35f7h4j81qcpp399p4alpfsoqj4xnxv 0 5977 28419 2011-03-29T18:35:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunyegenyege]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunyegenyege]] n394y9k7j5lbqas6brv5lhksie1g90l 0 5978 78754 74091 2021-08-26T11:38:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Img00522-A-sieberiana.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunyinya</span>]] '''Umunyinya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia sieberiana'') ni [[ikimera]]. *''Acacia sieberana'' var. ''kagerensis'' : '''Umunyarugera''' *''Acacia sieberana'' var. ''vermoesenii'' : '''Umunyinya'''[[Dosiye:Acacia_sieberiana_foliage_IMG_8127.JPG|thumb|Umunyinya]] [[Category:Ibimera]] hb8kx4r2po0m5upoh45gogu1y2gac96 0 5979 28421 2011-03-29T18:39:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunyinya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunyinya]] 0l7dd4n0ua9pxmiw6q4udgftbe09ij3 0 5980 81605 66584 2022-01-31T11:15:44Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bersamaabyssinicamap.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’Umurogora</span>]] '''Umurogora''' cyangwa '''Umukaka''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Bersama abyssinica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] npvfpjce7unvv0db3dv4ag164urlmps 0 5981 28423 2011-03-29T18:42:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurogora]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurogora]] 31hgipkzb5lp431obqc2ldwvy4305vw 0 5982 28425 2011-03-29T18:42:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurogora]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurogora]] 31hgipkzb5lp431obqc2ldwvy4305vw 0 5983 72175 72174 2020-04-06T21:18:12Z MargaretRDonald 8161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuruku''' cyangwa '''Umurukuruku''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Tephrosia vogelii'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[File:Tephrosia vogelii MHNT.BOT.2009.13.20.jpg|thumb|''Tephrosia vogelii'']] [[File:Tephrosia vogelii-- the Fish Poison Bean (26805852961).jpg|thumb|''Tephrosia vogelii'']] {{commons}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 07480nrkes8oclotmmo4a5ksole9dpa 0 5984 28427 2011-03-29T18:44:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuruku]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuruku]] envhbl3rp1pvpmlb3owf1nrvusqbf34 0 5985 76732 28429 2021-07-31T21:30:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Spathodea sp Blanco2.242.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusave</font>]] [[Dosiye:Siala_(Markhamia_lutea)_leaves_at_Secunderabad_W_IMG_6691.jpg|thumb|Amababi y'umusave]] '''Umusave''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Markhamia lutea'') ni [[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ajvyd56xqq2tfkxb6hrjsbtc7hti54d 0 5986 28430 2011-03-29T18:48:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusave]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusave]] shfsgjfwjxsokofzsc3btupdxg3hizh 0 5987 28432 2011-03-29T18:50:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umucucu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umucucu]] pogvhegw8ga1onrw9kmdoncuxzn6vpd 0 5988 28434 2011-03-29T18:52:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intobo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intobo]] e5fecdn31k88btfxgtmq5nmqasqobrn 0 5989 67604 28435 2013-04-02T19:05:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7966688]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 060305-6544 Waltheria indica.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umuturirwa </font>]] '''Umuturirwa ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Waltheria indica'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] mtw0lnppgy641dll34x15enw6i8nud1 0 5990 28436 2011-03-29T18:55:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)]] izklt3i961on93pac2pdlg67ol6519j 0 5991 28438 2011-03-29T18:56:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuvumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuvumu]] r8pljsyqbl1uu45w9xmvulu8litx8is 0 5992 81732 66697 2022-01-31T11:35:22Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Euphorbia tirucalli1 ies.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuyenzi</span>]] '''Umuyenzi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Euphorbia tirucalli'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] c7c9q3c0b0bqryj7rsebjs9yzg009qj 0 5993 28441 2011-03-29T18:58:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyenzi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyenzi]] 0liezpyutmva16xwsmpfxxq70hvaloe 0 5994 28442 2011-03-29T19:01:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyogoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyogoro]] aygqoe6zalzwa1mp7ox1mob5ttso120 0 5995 77205 28443 2021-08-09T06:15:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dhadulena_the_Giant_Squirrel.jpg|thumb|Umuyogoro]] '''Umuyogoro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Millettia dura'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] q5gxrsf7fssin458viat9fs99hwzzcw 0 5996 81654 76738 2022-01-31T11:23:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Senna occidentalis(Leaves).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuyoka</span>]] [[Dosiye:Gardenology.org-IMG_7975_qsbg11mar.jpg|thumb|Umuyoka]] '''Umuyoka''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senna occidentalis'' cyangwa ''Cassia occidentalis'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] qlcper41hvmocg4y3j5acavy4x4abwh 0 5997 28446 2011-03-29T19:03:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyoka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyoka]] 8wqtkb7omm6q3ulkcwwtt7y0xa7h38l 0 5998 28447 2011-03-29T19:04:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyoka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyoka]] 8wqtkb7omm6q3ulkcwwtt7y0xa7h38l 0 5999 80150 66698 2021-11-12T02:18:13Z 220.235.169.100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Senecio angulatus, Israel.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umwange</font>]] '''Umwange''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senecio angulatus'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 3wprabe2rcys3m5tiv4pvdm8vrl6p11 0 6000 28449 2011-03-29T19:06:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umwange]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umwange]] jmnu56277a1f2k72qx72z5hkojpx41a 0 6001 28451 2011-03-29T19:09:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruberwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruberwa]] hacxxeygzbhbl9cf1ksech33z70m1cm 0 6002 77149 66765 2021-08-08T02:51:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hibiscus cannabinus0.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uruberwa</font>]] [[Dosiye:Hibiscus cannabinus 7065.JPG|thumb|''Hibiscus cannabinus'']] '''Uruberwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Hibiscus cannabinus'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] bwe4s15ikjcpwr2h7j58n7jiw60qo8d 0 6003 66766 64197 2013-03-11T11:18:13Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2719836]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Keezhanelli.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uruheza</font>]] '''Uruheza''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Phyllanthus niruri'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] cyz70rlxvogp8k8yk7ynmygrewtqz7d 0 6004 66764 63402 2013-03-11T11:18:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 14 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q161248]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Starr 010419 0035 thunbergia alata.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urusayura</font>]] '''Urusayura''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Thunbergia alata'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] mf2kfa8j9p43ynbswqk6ymlfb83yohm 0 6005 28455 2011-03-29T19:15:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urusayura]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urusayura]] lzgiipr1ta9k5mdff5niy911701i0n9 0 6006 28456 2011-03-29T19:16:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruheza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruheza]] nn5rsm3yiy3fyifu4lurl8ubaw6hq2x 0 6007 81502 78320 2022-01-31T10:59:48Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Yeşil Çubuk Parkı 01.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Çubuk]] [[File:Ankara location Çubuk.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Çubuk</span>]] '''Akarere ka Çubuk''' (soma «cubuk» ; izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Çubuk ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Çubuk ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 80.123 (abagabo 40.051 n’abagore 40.072)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1361,60 . [[Dosiye:Çubuk_gölü.jpg|thumb|Çubuk ]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|Flag of Turkey.]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Çankırı]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Kalecik]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere k’[[Akyurt]] n’Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Pursaklar]], Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] n’Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Çubuk == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Meftun Dallı :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Lokman Özden == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | 2010 | align="right | 157.000 | align="right | 14.570 | align="right | 171.570 |- | align="left" | 2009 | align="right" | 141.035 | align="right" | 15.892 | align="right" | 156.927 |- | align="left" | 2007 | align="right" | 126.303 | align="right" | 17.523 | align="right" | 143.826 |- | align="left" | 2000 | align="right" | 86.605 | align="right" | 28.514 | align="right" |114.119 |- | align="left" | 1997 | align="right" | 55.723 | align="right" | 28.761 | align="right" | 84.484 |- | align="left" | 1990 | align="right" | 22.935 | align="right" | 29.106 | align="right" | 52.041 |- | align="left" | 1985 | align="right" | 18.203 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | 1980 | align="right" | 16.510 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | 1975 | align="right" | 13.699 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | 1970 | align="right" | 10.857 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | 1965 | align="right" | 8.857 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | 1960 | align="right" | 5.949 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.cubuk.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Çubuk] *[http://www.cubuk.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Çubuk] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] sif63cvpyc66dps7lve3rxv9mgot4t4 0 6008 28475 2011-03-29T22:39:09Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Çubuk]] to [[Çubuk]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Çubuk]] rjelb83xwuhf7mkx2o8jb5vjl3890yd 0 6012 81471 78473 2022-01-31T10:55:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Beypazarı.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Beypazarı </span>]] [[File:Beypazari (1).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Beypazarı </span>]] [[File:Beypazari Tasmektep 06065.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Beypazarı </span>]] [[File:Beypazari Old House 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Beypazarı </span>]] '''Akarere ka Beypazarı ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Beypazarı ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Beypazarı ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 46.768 (abagabo 23.058 n’abagore 23.710)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1814,36 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Bolu]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Çamlıdere]], Akarere ka [[Güdül]] n’Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Polatlı]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Nallıhan]] n’[[Intara y’Eskişehir]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Beypazarı == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mustafa Kaya :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mehmet Cengiz Özalp == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 35.775 | align="right" | 10.718 | align="right" | 46.493 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 35.080 | align="right" | 11.434 | align="right" | 46.514 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 34.319 | align="right" | 12.449 | align="right" | 46.768 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 34.496 | align="right" | 12.388 | align="right" | 46.884 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 34.441 | align="right" | 17.400 | align="right" | 51.841 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 32.141 | align="right" | 15.487 | align="right" | 47.628 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 26.225 | align="right" | 19.752 | align="right" | 45.977 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 21.672 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 16.917 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 15.070 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 12.830 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 9.860 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 8.854 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.beypazari.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Beypazarı] *[http://www.beypazari.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Beypazarı] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 9uaalsrnb6pjjodx7pa3f8vb6qwlzs0 0 6013 28564 2011-03-30T13:20:59Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Beypazarı]] to [[Beypazarı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Beypazarı]] 3fa3sd34mxv642yhenaftg3i5kpvvae 0 6014 81489 78510 2022-01-31T10:57:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Nallıhan.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Nallıhan]] [[File:Ankara location Nallıhan.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Nallıhan</span>]] [[Dosiye:Tekirler_(Nallıhan,_Ankara_il).jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'umujyi wa Nallihan]] '''Akarere ka Nallıhan''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Nallıhan ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Nallıhan ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 31.323 (abagabo 15.387 n’abagore 15.936)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1972,51 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Bolu]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Intara y’Eskişehir]] n’[[Intara ya Bolu]] :Mu burengerazuba : [[Intara y’Eskişehir]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Nallıhan == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Ömer Toraman :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Adnan Okur == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 12.698 | align="right" | 18.961 | align="right" | 31.659 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 12.895 | align="right" | 18.873 | align="right" | 31.768 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 17.181 | align="right" | 23.496 | align="right" | 40.677 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 16.951 | align="right" | 23.383 | align="right" | 40.334 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 11.638 | align="right" | 25.141 | align="right" | 36.779 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 10.133 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 9.571 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 7.723 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 7.554 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 3.511 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 3.509 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.nallihan.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Nallıhan] *[http://www.nallihan.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Nallıhan] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] q0y4myucc0goxlogdpaiv9n9s0417uq 0 6015 28572 2011-03-30T13:32:08Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Nallıhan]] to [[Nallıhan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nallıhan]] emdx1st1ct06hvasz8qosgn5t07a2ji 0 6016 81500 78529 2022-01-31T10:59:30Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Ankara Çamlıdere - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Çamlıdere]] [[File:Ankara location Çamlıdere.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Çamlıdere</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] '''Akarere ka Çamlıdere''' (soma «camlidere»; izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Çamlıdere ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Çamlıdere ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 9.862 (abagabo 4.944 n’abagore 4.918)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 632,63 . [[Dosiye:Çamlıdere_Yaylası_-_panoramio_-_Emin_Başar_ÖZDEMİR.jpg|thumb|Izuba rirenze mumujyi wa Çamlıdere]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''çamlı'''» '[[Umubunda (pinusi)|umubunda]]' na «'''dere'''» 'umugezi'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Bolu]] n’Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Kızılcahamam]], Akarere ka [[Güdül]] n’Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]] :Mu burengerazuba : [[Intara ya Bolu]][[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Turkey.]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Çamlıdere == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Aydın Erdoğan :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Hazım Caner Can == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 4.838 | align="right" | 4.401 | align="right" | 9.239 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 4.681 | align="right" | 4.648 | align="right" | 9.329 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 6.303 | align="right" | 9.036 | align="right" | 15.339 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 11.541 | align="right" | 10.237 | align="right" | 21.778 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 10.075 | align="right" | 9.290 | align="right" | 19.365 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 6.702 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 5.089 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 4.320 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 3.759 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 3.132 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 2.950 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.camlidere.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Çamlıdere] *[http://www.camlidere.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Çamlıdere] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 36cdy2jx09mrjfjq9rxi1uvepvec1y7 0 6017 28582 2011-03-30T13:50:30Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Çamlıdere]] to [[Çamlıdere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Çamlıdere]] akgrqjoj140ketirrpzlmxennober4b 0 6018 81486 78505 2022-01-31T10:57:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Kızılcahamam.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Kızılcahamam</span>]] [[File:Infrared 02579-kizilcahamam-tm-eq-.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Kızılcahamam</span>]] '''Akarere ka Kızılcahamam''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kızılcahamam ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Kızılcahamam ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 25.900 (abagabo 12.680 n’abagore 13.220)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1.712 [[Dosiye:Kızılcahamam_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Kızılcahamam]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Bolu]] n’[[Intara ya Çankırı]] :Mu burasirazuba : [[Intara ya Çankırı]] n’Akarere ka [[Çubuk]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Kazan (Turukiya)|Kazan]] , Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] n’Akarere ka [[Güdül]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Güdül]], Akarere ka [[Çamlıdere]] n’[[Intara ya Bolu]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Kızılcahamam == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Bilal Çelik :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Coşkun Ünal == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 20.655 | align="right" | 8.633 | align="right" | 29.288 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 16.195 | align="right" | 17.428 | align="right" | 33.623 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 12.856 | align="right" | 21.152 | align="right" | 34.008 |} == references == <references group="u" /> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.kizilcahamam.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kızılcahamam] *[http://www.kizilcahamam.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kızılcahamam] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] qp1b4vqsndinhcjplsbr37dtv79ap3i 0 6019 28593 2011-03-30T14:57:53Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Kızılcahamam]] to [[Kızılcahamam]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kızılcahamam]] 1ryetf5xpmy33wx3kbqwsb5srl20wkj 0 6020 81493 78521 2022-01-31T10:58:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Ankara cd. at the busstop, city centre of Polatlı, Province of Ankara, Turkey.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Polatlı]] [[File:Ankara location Polatlı.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Polatlı </span>]] '''Akarere ka Polatlı ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Polatlı ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Polatlı ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 110.990 (abagabo 56.120 n’abagore 54.870)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 3465,81 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] [[Dosiye:Polatlı_Şehitlik_Anıtı.JPG|thumb|Polatlı ]] [[Dosiye:Polatli.JPG|thumb|Polatli]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Beypazarı]], Akarere k’[[Ayaş]] n’Akarere ka [[Sincan]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Yenimahalle]], Akarere ka [[Gölbaşı]] n’Akarere ka [[Haymana]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Intara ya Konya]] :Mu burengerazuba : [[Intara y’Eskişehir]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Polatlı == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Gürsoy Osman Bilgin :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Yakup Çelik == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 104.455 | align="right" | 45.348 | align="right" | 158.803 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 101.166 | align="right" | 38.288 | align="right" | 138.454 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 79.992 | align="right" | 36.408 | align="right" | 116.400 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 71.818 | align="right" | 33.159 | align="right" | 104.977 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 60.158 | align="right" | 39.807 | align="right" | 99.965 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 52.737 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 43.530 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 35.137 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 32.326 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 22.558 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 20.169 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == References == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.polatli.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Polatlı] *[http://www.polatli.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Polatlı] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] lg51wcek181167g979bj0drqmy2fmyq 0 6021 28604 2011-03-30T15:10:39Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Polatlı]] to [[Polatlı]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Polatlı]] gz6lulgqkzmtes7zw9xtpocaanbdcaz 0 6022 81483 78497 2022-01-31T10:56:57Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Kalecik.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere ka Kalecik </span>]] [[File:Kalecik.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Kalecik </span>]] '''Akarere ka Kalecik ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Kalecik ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Kalecik ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 16.071 (abagabo 7.947 n’abagore 8.124)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 1340,46 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] [[Dosiye:Kalecik2.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga muri Kalecik]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Çankırı]] :Mu burasirazuba : [[Intara ya Kırıkkale]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Intara ya Konya]] n’Akarere k’[[Elmadağ]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere k’[[Akyurt]] n’Akarere ka [[Çubuk]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Kalecik == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : İrfan Demiröz :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Nevzat Şahin == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 26.006 | align="right" | 653 | align="right" | 25.353 |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 25.401 | align="right" | 660 | align="right" | 24.741 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | 24.986 | align="right" | 674 | align="right" | 24.312 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 22.639 | align="right" | 715 | align="right" | 23.354 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 8.069 | align="right" | 10.838 | align="right" | 18.907 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 6.099 | align="right" | 10.239 | align="right" | 16.338 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 3.533 | align="right" | 8.974 | align="right" | 12.507 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 3.201 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 2.924 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 2.461 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.kalecik.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kalecik] *[http://www.kalecik.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kalecik] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 75gyo2zfg2livebi1ldjrqqbfc6n6th 0 6023 28619 2011-03-30T15:29:10Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Kalecik]] to [[Kalecik]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kalecik]] 8cpg0rkxjbi1luuemc57ant9kpk527y 0 6024 81513 78648 2022-01-31T11:01:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Elmadağ.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Elmadağ</span>]] [[File:"Konsta" apples grown in Finland (K01561).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Pome</span>]] [[Dosiye:Kırıkkale-Elmadağ_road.jpg|thumb|umuhanda wa Elmadağ]] '''Akarere k’Elmadağ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Elmadağ ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Elmadağ ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 42.511 (abagabo 21.516 n’abagore 20.995)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 568,07 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''elma'''» 'pome' na «'''dağ'''» 'umusozi'). == Ubuyobozi bw’Elmadağ == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Ejder Sarıçiçek :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Gazi Şahin == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 41.380 | align="right" | 23.655 | align="right" | 62.978 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 27.060 | align="right" | 20.953 | align="right" | 48.013 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 22.518 | align="right" | 20.856 | align="right" | 43.374 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 20.966 | align="right" | 18.269 | align="right" | 39.235 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 19.490 | align="right" | 18.542 | align="right" | 38.032 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 17.019 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 15.111 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 12.543 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 11.196 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 9.111 | align="right" | | align="right" | |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 5.813 | align="right" | | align="right" | |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.kalecik.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Elmadağ] *[http://www.kalecik.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Elmadağ] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] pfdcnjzh2hchmmb6rtnsvmb2h5nxybf 0 6025 28625 2011-03-30T15:46:12Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Elmadağ]] to [[Elmadağ]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Elmadağ]] 6l5s6u4qaf2ag2uegn20a2hpnuagugf 0 6026 81515 78650 2022-01-31T11:01:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ankara location Evren.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Ankara n’akarere k’Evren</span>]] '''Akarere k’Evren''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Evren ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Ankara|ntara y’Ankara]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Evren ni kamwe mu turere 16 tugize Intara y’Ankara. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 4.513 (abagabo 2.253 n’abagore 2.260)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_2008.RDF&p_il1=6&p_yil=2008&desformat=html&ENVID=adnksdb2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 179,74 . [[Dosiye:33600_Evren-Mut-Mersin,_Turkey_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusozi wa Mut-Mersin mumujyi wa Evren]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|turkey]] == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : [[Intara ya Kırşehir]] :Mu burasirazuba : [[Intara ya Kırşehir]] n’[[Intara y’Aksaray]] :Mu majyepfo : [[Intara y’Aksaray]] n’Akarere ka [[Şereflikoçhisar]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Şereflikoçhisar]] == Ubuyobozi bwa k’Evren == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Harun Yücel :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Nedim Keskin == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 2.840 | align="right" | 1.179 | align="right" | 4.019 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 2.844 | align="right" | 1.183 | align="right" | 4.027 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 4.486 | align="right" | 2.171 | align="right" | 6.657 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 4.917 | align="right" | 1.880 | align="right" | 6.797 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 3.810 | align="right" | 3.118 | align="right" | 6.928 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.evren.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Evren] *[http://www.evren.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi k’Evren] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] ttqu6ie4ec338ak1d5qdx76xkrborq2 0 6027 28638 2011-03-30T16:08:04Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Evren]] to [[Evren]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Evren]] ezo5akccg5r4sdfftkrcqypcpduaeov 0 6028 81698 76819 2022-01-31T11:30:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CarrotRoots.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikaroti</span>]] [[File:Daucus carota subsp. maximus MHNT.BOT.2007.40.407.jpg|thumb|''Daucus carota subsp. maximus'']] [[Dosiye:Carrots_at_a_farmers_market_in_the_Villages_Florida.png|thumb|Karoti ivuye mu murima]] '''Ikaroti''' (''umugereka'') / '''Amakaroti''' (''ubuke'') cyangwa '''Karoti''' (''umugereka n’ubuke'')(izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Daucus carota'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] b3r00b0z7xz1ptbvdgijftj32tyj26l 0 6029 28726 28656 2011-03-31T04:28:03Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Ikaroti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikaroti]] 4n0v7lic6dg4znmgsxam1dwdg1vptbs 0 6030 81534 76405 2022-01-31T11:04:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cabbage.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ishu</span>]] [[File:Cabbage and cross section on white.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ishu</span>]] '''Ishu''' (ubuke: '''Amashu''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Brassica oleracea'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''chou'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Dosiye:Chou_cabus_blanc_01.jpg|thumb|Ishu]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 8pw5nyb3ecew8ltujnp1rayp2ibp66h 0 6031 28658 2011-03-30T20:09:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishu]] 2sfq2imde7sdvxzhj9t1qb39qu80l6d 0 6032 76261 73526 2021-07-21T18:04:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Plantains.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Imishaba: Ibitoki bitekwa<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plantains.jpg</ref> ]] [[File:Banana plant 2.jpg|alt=Igitoki cy'inyamunyo|thumb|223x223px|Igitoki cy'inyamunyo<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banana_plant_2.jpg</ref>]] [[Dosiye:Rwamagana Banaba Monument.jpg|thumb|igitoki n`insina]] = Intangiriro = '''Igitoki''' (ubwinshi: '''ibitoki''') cyangwa '''Igitoke''' (ubwinshi: '''Ibitoke''') (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana'') ni [[igiti]], [[urubuto]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. Igitoki ni igihingwa ngandurarugo, kiboneka kuburyo butagoye kuburyo n'umuturage wo mu cyiciro cya mbere aba ashobora kukigaburira umuryango we. Kigira amoko atandukanye: Imishaba ( Ibitoki bitekwa mu mavuta), Inyamunyo (Kiribwa gtgosheje mumazi ariko gishobora no gutekwa ifiriti) , Kamaramasenge, ( Kiribwa nk'imineke), Gros Michel ( Imineke), Poyo( Imineke), Fiya n'ibindi byinshi....... [[File:Rwanda banana.jpg|thumb|Rwanda banana<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwanda_banana.jpg</ref>]] Igitoki kiri mu byo kurya biribwa cyane kandi kenshi mu ngo nyinshi zo mu gihugu cyacu by’umwihariko iburasirazuba aho usanga ari ryo funguro nyamukuru bagira. Ese wari uzi impamvu imineke iba irimo isukari nyamara wahekenya igitoki ntuyumvemo? Burya biterwa nuko habamo amidon/starch idapfa gushwanyaguzwa na za enzymes zo mu gifu bityo aho gukoreshwa nk’isukari mu mubiri igakora nka fibre. Iyo rero umuneke uhiye ya amidon niyo ihindukamo isukari wumva iryohereye mu muneke. Si ibyo gusa kuko igitoki tugisangamo izindi ntungamubiri zinyuranye nka fibre, umunyungugu wa potasiyumu na vitamin B6. Habonekamo kandi phosphore, ubutare, magnesium na zinc ndetse na vitamin C. [[File:An entire cluster of plantains..jpg|thumb|Igitoki cy'imishaba<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_entire_cluster_of_plantains..jpg</ref>]] == Akamaro k’igitoki ku buzima == === Kugabanya ibiro === Bitewe nuko mu gitoki dusangamo amidon igoye gushwanyaguzwa iri mu gifu, bituma kurya igitoki byafasha mu kugabanya ibiro kuko uwakiriye atinda gusonza nuko bigatuma umubiri we utwika ibinure byinshi. === Kuringaniza isukari yo mu maraso === Kurya igitoki bituma umubiri urushaho kuzamura igipimo cya insulin bityo bikarinda kuba wagira isukari nyinshi ari byo bitera indwara ya diyabete. Kuba kandi harimo vitamin B6 bifasha mu kuringaniza isukari by’umwihariko ku bafite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 (iterwa n’isukari nyinshi mu maraso). === Gufasha mu igogorwa === Mu gitoki kuba harimo fibre ndetse na amidon igoye gushwanyaguza bituma kiba cyiza mu igogorwa no kurinda gutumba nyuma yo kurya. Gifasha kandi mu kurwanya indwara ziterwa na bagiteri zishobora gufata mu nzira y’igogorwa. === Kurinda kanseri y’amara === Uko amidon itinda mu mara kubera kudapfa gushwanyagurika bituma za bagiteri zo mu mara nziza zikora umusemburo ziyifashishije nuko ukica bagiteri mbi zatera indwara zinyuranye zo mu mara harimo na kanseri ishobora gufata mu mara === Ikoreshwa ry’intungamubiri === Kurya ibitoki bifasha umubiri gukoresha no gukamura izindi ntungamubiri ziturutse mu bindi wariye. By’umwihariko bifasha umubiri gukoresha kalisiyumu n’indi myunyungugu. Igitoki kiribwa mu buryo bunyuranye aho ushobora kugiteka mu buryo buzwi nka “agatogo” === Kugabanya cholesterol mbi === Za fibres zirimo hamwe na amidon nibyo bifasha mu kugabanya igipimo cya cholesterol mbi mu maraso. Niyo mpamvu abantu bafite cholesterol iri hejuru bagirwa inama yo kurya igitoki kenshi kuko bizatuma igabanyuka. === Umutima ukora neza ku muvuduko mwiza === Kuba kirwanya cholesterol mbi kandi birinda kuba imitsi yakifunga bityo bikarinda umutima kuba watera nabi, bikanarinda indwara y’umuvuduko udasanzwe w’amaraso ukunze guturuka ku kwifunga kw’imitsi y’amaraso. Ibi kandi kibifashwamo no kuba gikungahaye kuri potsiyumu === Igipimo cy’amaraso kiringaniye === Ibitoki bikize kuri vitamin B6 bikaba ari byo bituma biba ifunguro ryiza mu gutuma ugira insoro zitukura nyinshi bityo ukagira amaraso ahagije mu mubiri wawe. === Imikorere myiza y’umubiri === Akandi kamaro ko kubirya ni uko gifasha umubiri gukoresha ibinure ubitse bigahindukamo ingufu umubiri ukoresha. Kandi kuba harimo vitamin B6 bituma enzyme zikora neza akazi kazo ko gushwanyaguza ibyo wariye bityo umubiri wose ugakora neza === Gufasha impyiko === Igitoki gifasha mu kuringaniza amazi n’imyunyu mu mubiri bityo bigafasha impyiko kuko akazi kazo ka mbere ari ukuyungurura amaraso no kuringaniza amazi umubiri ukeneye. Kurya igitoki, bifasha mu kurinda indwara zinyuranye zishobora gufata impyiko harimo na kanseri y’impyiko. Igitoki gishobora no kuribwa gikaranze mu mavuta nk’ifiriti [[File:Rwanda sambaza.jpg|thumb|Ifiriti y'igitoki<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rwanda_sambaza.jpg</ref>]] === Imikorere y’ubwonko === Kuba igitoki gituma umubiri udatakaza amazi bituma kiba cyiza mu mikorere y’ubwonko. Dore ko bugizwe n’amazi ku gipimo cyo hejuru kandi kugabanyuka kwayo bikaba bibangamira imikorere myiza yabwo. === Kurwanya impiswi === Ubwacyo cyifitiye enzymes zifasha mu kurwanya impiswi kimwe n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ibyo kurya byanduye nka shigellosis. Kubirya nyuma yuko urwara impiswi bigufasha kuyikira vuba, gusa ntuzibagirwe n’indi miti igenewe kurwanya impiswi === Kwiheba no kwigunga === Ibitoki birimo tryptophan ikaba poroteyine ihindurwamo serotonin, uyu ukaba umusemburo w’ibyishimo. Serotonin ifasha kuruhuka no kumva muri wowe utuje. Hano unabishoboye igitoki wagihekenya kuko niho tryptophan iba ari nyinshi kurenza mu gitetse na salade y’igitoki burya ibaho,ikaba nayo ifite akamaro === Uruhu rwiza === Aho kugura ibyo kwisiga bihenze gerageza guhekenya igitoki. Iyo ari kibisi kiba kirimo vitamin A, ikaba ingenzi mu gutuma ugira uruhu rucyeye kandi runoze === Amagufa akomeye === Igitoki kibamo kandi potasiyumu ikaba izwiho gufasha amagufa gukura neza no gukomera by’umwihariko ku bana bakiri bato no ku bageze mu zabukuru. == Ni gute kiribwa == Uretse aho twavuze ko ubishoboye wagihekenya ubusanzwe igitoki kiribwa gitetse; Ushobora kugiteka maganda cyangwa impogora, aha ni hahandi ugicanira mu mazi kidatonoye ukagitonora gihiye, ukaba wateguye isosi yo kukirisha Kucyotsa, nabwo bikaba bikorwa kidatonoye ukagitonora gihiye ibi bikunze kuboneka mu tubari. Ushobora kugiteka cyonyine cyamara gushya ukagikoramo umunyigi, nkuko usonga ubugari ubundi ugategura isosi yo kukirisha Umunyige nawo uraryoha iyo ufite isosi nziza Kugiteka bisanzwe mu mazi ari byo twakita kugitogosa, noneho ukavangamo ibirungo ushaka byose ndetse washaka ukanakaranga Ushobora kandi kugiteka ifiriti, gusa twibutse ko ifiriti kubera ubushyuhe bw’amavuta ishobora kwangiza zimwe mu ntungamubiri by’umwihariko vitamin C. == Ishakiro == g3qxiiqf98cw94p5cd23jmlfwvjj7mu 0 6033 76284 71295 2021-07-22T14:01:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Traditional meal.jpg|thumb|igishyimbo gitetse]] '''Igishyimbo''' (ubuke: '''Ibishyimbo''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. <gallery mode="packed"> Lobia.jpg Cowpea 2.jpg BlackeyeBean.jpg </gallery> [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] bnyampwgqf5es9d7rpo6liiikxrilz3 0 6034 28670 2011-03-30T20:32:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igishyimbo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igishyimbo]] 5tvfvsfp3sz3g8n2c2ed9tblrgyc77r 0 6035 81533 70546 2022-01-31T11:04:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Doperwt rijserwt peulen Pisum sativum.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ishaza</span>]] [[File:PeaspodsJuly08.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amashaza</span>]] [[File:Pisum sativum MHNT.BOT.2010.12.9.jpg|thumb|''Pisum sativum'']] '''Ishaza''' (ubuke: '''Amashaza''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Pisum sativum'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] ] j1e0a9x5yf1x1e0dl43by53uezozd5v 0 6036 28675 2011-03-30T20:38:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishaza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishaza]] 9ptxmfbetquyws1izr4iuxs2d9hl5rz 0 6039 28679 2011-03-30T20:48:38Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Intoryi]] to [[Urutoryi]]: frpm plural to singular wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urutoryi]] 474zs4puka1bszax5v7huq21hoyu66h 0 6040 81522 76533 2022-01-31T11:02:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Poireaux.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibitunguru</span>]] [[Dosiye:Red Onions .jpg|thumb|ibiyunguru bitukura]] [[Dosiye:Mixed onions.jpg|thumb|ibitunguru bivanze]] '''Igitunguru''' (ubuke: '''Ibitunguru''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum '') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] lh29m6zq290ajg61f9pzwyanvgi5hz2 0 6041 28684 2011-03-30T20:54:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitunguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitunguru]] kpqv91ftwjmr4g3k25somz5qkj19s0w 0 6042 28685 2011-03-30T20:54:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitunguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitunguru]] kpqv91ftwjmr4g3k25somz5qkj19s0w 14 6046 66729 62380 2013-03-11T11:17:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 89 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456955]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] mqanx0u9zpvsp7lrrlyax7wmeh3j8mi 0 6047 81675 77195 2022-01-31T11:26:36Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Courgette Cucurbita pepo 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igihaza</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita_pepo_2015_G1.jpg|thumb|Igihaza]] [[Dosiye:Cucurbita 2011 G1.jpg|thumb|ibihaza iyo byeze]] '''Igihaza''' (ubuke: '''Ibihaza''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Cucurbita pepo'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 8d46oqlnyz28qkvz6rswjuwx16hbvua 0 6048 28694 2011-03-30T21:10:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igihaza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igihaza]] i7drndw2z1ekb1m2mfcb6sb3g0n0cgm 0 6049 28696 2011-03-30T21:12:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ipapaya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ipapaya]] qhrxrxtrwzr7bvhyfvhiy8fnye57u3b 0 6050 28700 2011-03-30T21:19:24Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Karoti]] to [[Ikaroti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikaroti]] 4n0v7lic6dg4znmgsxam1dwdg1vptbs 0 6051 81523 66837 2022-01-31T11:03:04Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ARS red onion.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amantunguru</span>]] [[File:Onions.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Amantunguru</span>]] '''Ubuntunguru''' (ubuke: '''Amantunguru''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Allium cepa'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 0anenqcudguw1ysmc25kdtgblnk5v76 0 6052 28703 2011-03-30T21:23:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuntunguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuntunguru]] tcc5u9n27n5k831wihj5h8z82estern 0 6053 81674 76842 2022-01-31T11:26:27Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ARS cucumber.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Konkombure</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cucumis_sativus.jpg|thumb|Konkombure]] '''Konkombure''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Cucumis sativus'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 5fdz81uegtkle3mujp1hqf89f73eo4w 0 6054 28707 2011-03-30T21:36:37Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Konkombure]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Konkombure]] islg2mf0wgoyvxkgp4rrys58suajejp 0 6055 78813 74179 2021-08-27T10:17:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Passion fruits - whole and halved.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Marakuja</font>]] [[Dosiye:Passiflora_Edulis_Closed_Fruit.jpg|thumb|Marakuja]] '''Igisheke''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Passiflora edulis'') ni [[urubuto]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] fd795yriw3tgg11yb0zngrst7jc1s2z 0 6056 28712 2011-03-30T21:42:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Marakuja]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Marakuja]] fhh3n21bp90e6js2wk21pwrjrkmcsnx 0 6058 28735 2011-03-31T09:25:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urukwavu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urukwavu]] ip1xp4frh4naop3mod4vszt6er5bu2v 0 6059 72340 70549 2020-06-24T06:21:25Z 197.243.32.202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Radish 3371103037 4ab07db0bf o.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Radi</font>]] '''Urusenda''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Raphanus sativus'') ni [[ikimera]]. Radi ushobora kuyikoresha igihe urwaye indwara y'ubuhumekero w'iyatsamura kenshi w'umva mumazuru hari kokera [[Category:Ibimera]] boeb3247eihpap6nxpevnrb9a1wm879 0 6060 28740 2011-03-31T09:49:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Radi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Radi]] fzpm9y53x1ucyb6sgfk2w5zh50qdcq8 0 6061 78807 72181 2021-08-27T10:02:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Romaine lettuce.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Imboga za leti</font>]] '''Imboga za leti''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Lactuca sativa'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Lactuca_sativa_'Ashbrook'.jpg|thumb|Imboga za leti]] [[Category:Ibimera]] ggtzlbne6ppobv8uzx6efoc6x5vw1t9 0 6062 28742 2011-03-31T09:52:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Imboga za leti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imboga za leti]] dvyffko4resuowy637yrlelxjgo0vvo 0 6063 76437 74102 2021-07-26T13:20:06Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male north american turkey supersaturated.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Dendo</span>]] '''Dendo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Meleagris gallopavo'') ni [[itungo]]. [[Dosiye:Domesticated_turkey.jpg|thumb|Dendo]] [[Category:Inyoni]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] 7xkkf4y86wbbc3mutgzfcvoaz4u2jhs 0 6064 28745 2011-03-31T09:56:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Dendo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dendo]] i5f2nce31c8r71uiwd7d8n42zpf1ebn 0 6065 76410 74098 2021-07-25T14:17:06Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tunnel of ducks.jpg|thumb|260px|<span style="color:grey;">Igishuhe</span>]] '''Igishuhe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'' na ''Cairina moschata momelanotus'') ni [[itungo]]. [[Dosiye:Anas_platyrhynchos_domesticus_Mex2018.jpg|thumb|Igishuhe]] [[Category:Inyoni]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] [[pt:Pato#Espécies domésticas]] rjck6cilwol5wt6dvzc3p8ls8kdnu3x 0 6066 28747 2011-03-31T09:58:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igishuhe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igishuhe]] 3ljlaie08xav6lzyq7aweierw3lec4a 0 6067 28748 2011-03-31T10:15:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Libiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Libiya]] n9s9hu0jwkv3hb6c7wo5lsgoslg2pl2 0 6068 77909 68068 2021-08-18T14:55:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:37 - Tremblement de terre - Août 2007.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umutingo muri Peru 2007</font>]] [[Dosiye:Rescatistas_buscan_víctimas_entre_escombros.jpg|thumb|Umutingito ]] '''Umutingito''' cyangwa '''Umutingito w’Isi''' (iziba mu [[cyongereza]]: ''earthquake'') * [[Umutingito udasanzwe]] (tsunami) [[Category:Imitingito| ]] 75zzdhie4156yx7kldl0ejshju0kd3f 0 6070 74066 66628 2020-12-05T02:49:21Z Minorax 8248 fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SH-60B helicopter flies over Sendai.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] [[File:2011TsunamiFireVehicles.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] [[File:JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 20110311.png|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] '''Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani''' cyangwa '''Umutingito na Tsunami mu Buyapani''', '''Umutingito udasanzwe mu Buyapani''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : 東北地方太平洋沖地震 Tōhoku Chihō Taiheiyō-oki Jishin) ni [[umutingito]] na umutingito udasanzwe ([[tsunami]]) tariki ya 11 Werurwe 2011 ku gipimo cya M_w 9,0 wahitanye abantu hejuru ya 12,300 i [[Tōhoku]] mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]]. Igihungu cy’Ubuyapani ubu cyirimumazi abira kikaba gikeneye ubufasha bwinshi kandi bukomeye cyane kuko cyibasiwe cyane na cyakibazo cy’amazi aremereye ndetse n’''umutingito udasanzwe'' (''tsunami'') Ubuyapani bukaba bukomerewe cyane, kuko bikomeje gusatira mu murwa mukuru [[Tokyo]], Tsunami ikaba ifite umuvunduko ukomeye cyane kuko ntaho aya mazi agera ngo hagire igisigara akaba abanzirizwa n’umutingito ugashegesha ibintu byinshi nk’amazu yemwe nayitwa ko akomeye, hanyuma hakaza amazi menshi cyane kdi aremereye agatwara byose. Mu Buyapani, hari ikindi kintu cyasandaye ku mashini ya kabiri y’uruganda rukoresha ingufu nukleyeri ku munsi wa kane nyuma y’uko rwangijwe n’umutingito w’isi. Ibyo byateje ubwoba ko ibyuma by’urwo ruganda bishobora kurekura imyuka yanduza. Icyo kintu cyasandaye muri iki gitondo cyo ku ya 15 y’ukwa 3 mu mwaka w’2011 ku ruganda rw’ahitwa Fukushima, cyaje gikurikira ikindi cyasandaye umunsi umwe n’iminsi itatu mbere y’iyo taliki. Ibibazo kuri urwo ruganda byatangiye ubwo umutingito w’isi na tsunami yaje iwukurikira byatumye amashanyarazi abura kuri urwo ruganda. Icyo kibazo cyatumye ibyuma bikonjesha imashini kugirango zidashongeshwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi zidakora. Abategetsi bo mu Buyapani bari kugerageza gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ku ruganda rukora ingufu za nuclear ruri i [[Fukushima]] rwasinzikajwe n’umutingito w’isi hamwe na tsunami kuwa 5 w’icyumweru gishize.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/gahuza/amakuru/2011/03/110316_ubuyapani.shtml Ubuyapani: ibibazo mu ruganda rwa nucleaire]</ref> Tubibutse ko muri iyi minsi igihugu cy’Ubuyapani kitorohewe namba n’umutingito umaze guhitana abarenga 10.000; gusa abapfa bo biyongera buri munsi ku buryo umubare wabo ugenda urushaho kwiyongera uko umunsi ushira. == Ingaruka z’umutingito == [[File:An aerial view of tsunami damage in an area north of Sendai, Japan, taken from a U.S. Navy helicopter.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] Ku wa Gatanu w’icyumweru gishize, igihugu cy’u Buyapani gisanzwe kizwiho kwibasirwa n’imitingito inshuro nyinshi buri munsi, cyahuye n’umutingito ukabije kuko wari ku rwego rwa 8.9 ku gipimo cya Richter, ukaba ariwo wa 5 munini, kuva mu mwaka wa 1900. Uwo mutingito waturutse mu Nyanja ya Pasifika, uteza tsunami yageze kuri kilometero 10 mu Buyapani rwagati, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburasirazuba. Ababuriwe irengero n’abapfuye barenga 2000, kandi ingaruka zikomeje kwiyongera, aho inganda zimwe na zimwe za nucléaire zangiritse zigateza ubushyuhe bukomeye mu kirere.<ref>[http://www.igihe.com/news-1-39-11264.html Umutingito wo mu Buyapani wahinduye igihe umunsi umara ku isi, n’aho isi yikaragira]</ref> Uretse gukora ku Buyapani ariko, uwo mutingito wahinduye imiterere y’isi, n’ubwo bitagaragaye cyane. Nk’uko bitangazwa na the U.S. Geological Survey , uwo mutingito wasunitse ubutaka bw’u Buyapani, ubwigiza kure y’inyanja ho metero zirenga 2.4 ugereranyije na mbere Birashoboka ko bitagaragarira amaso ko amasaha y’umunsi yiyongereye ariko abahanga mu by’ubumenyi n’imiterere y’isi (''Geophysique'') barabyemeza ko ubu umunsi utakireshya nk`uko wareshyaga. Ibi ni nyuma y’umutingito wabereye mu gihugu cy’Ubuyapani. Uriya mutingito wagize ingaruka ku bintu byinshi cyane: inkombe z’inyanja zarahindutse, ibirwa bimwe na bimwe birazimira, ubutaka busa n’ubwimutse bugana mu gice cya ruguru cy’Isi (''Hemisphere Nord''). Ku buryo ubungubu igihe [[Isi]] yamaraga yizenguruka (''rotation'') kiyongereyeho amasegonda 0.000 006 (imibare ya [[Nasa]] . Iki gihe ni gito ariko gishobora kuzagira ingaruka nko guhinduka kwa kalendari, amasaha n’ibindi. <ref>[http://www.zahabutimes.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-binyuranye/2135-ingaruka-zumutingito-wo-mu-buyapani-ku-isi.html Ingaruka z`umutingito wo mu Buyapani ku Isi]</ref> Ingaruka z`uyu mutingito zirenze kure cyane iz’uheruka muri [[Shili]]. Umutingito wo muri [[Sumatra]] (2004) wari wateye umunsi kugabanuka ho amasegonda 0.000 0068. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1990 iki nicyo cyago kigize ingaruka zikomeye ku isi. Naho Abayapani bo baremeza ko iki ari cyo cyago batazibagirwa nyuma yo kuraswa kw’imijyi ya [[Nagasaki]] na [[Hiroshima]] ( yarashwe n`Abanyamerika muri 1945) == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Imitingito]] [[Category:Ubuyapani]] 41atstwsbmj6svji4qrrkrmyzwm6c3q 0 6071 28774 2011-03-31T11:07:53Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani]] to [[Umutingito na tsunami mu Buyapani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutingito na tsunami mu Buyapani]] dcw1wcu5jra42wpslop5gx4tklndl3x 14 6073 67331 62388 2013-03-14T05:57:32Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7153700]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Itangazamakuru]] pcmye5vpggrmix2tkty9do413w8tgyp 0 6075 28803 2011-03-31T12:32:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ositiriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ositiriya]] 7vioytm4e93yv7yhv68fq8nrwzenx84 0 6076 79166 66627 2021-08-31T09:42:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Laura Bush portrait.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Laura Bush</font>]] [[Dosiye:Laura_Bush_and_a_little_girl.jpg|thumb|Laura Bush n'umukobwa muto]] '''Laura Lane Welch Bush''' (4 Ugushyingo 1946) ni madamu wa Perezida [[George W. Bush]]. [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyamerika]] 38t1zwuk6blky0b0biegiq4gryptzkq 0 6077 81662 79149 2022-01-31T11:24:33Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cherie Blair QC (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Cherie Blair</span>]] [[Dosiye:Tony Blair (2010).jpg|thumb|Tony Blair]] [[Dosiye:Cherie_Blair_in_Trento.jpg|thumb|Cherie Blair muri Trento]] '''Cherie Blair''' (23 Nzeri 1954) ni madamu wa Minisitiri w’Intebe [[Tony Blair]]. [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abongereza]] 61gk0lh272ys5q1gt35oajio7eherjd 0 6078 28810 2011-03-31T13:02:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Petero Nkurunziza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Petero Nkurunziza]] q2chcdbt1cm6iu0k352c9u238dy6y4u 0 6079 28811 2011-03-31T13:02:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Petero Nkurunziza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Petero Nkurunziza]] q2chcdbt1cm6iu0k352c9u238dy6y4u 0 6080 77827 74276 2021-08-18T00:21:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:President Nkurunziza of Burundi (6920275109) (cropped).jpg|thumb|250px|Pierre Nkurunziza]] '''Petero Nkurunziza''' (izina mu [[kinyarwanda]] na [[kirundi]]) cyangwa '''Pierre Nkurunziza''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]]) (18 Ukuboza 1964 - 8 Kamena 2020) ni Perezida wa Repubulika y’u [[Burundi]] na Minisitiri ushinzwe Imiyoborere Myiza mu Burundi. Yavukiye i [[Ngozi]] mu Burundi taliki ya 18 Ukuboza 1964. Nyakubahwa Denise Bucumi Nkurunziza,ni madamu wa Perezida Petero Nkurunziza. [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Burundi]] [[File:Denise_Bucumi_Nkurunziza.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Denise Bucumi Nkurunziza]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abarundi]] 50ze6j67k6wu9or4aejwzq22sn5symi 0 6081 78566 76905 2021-08-25T07:37:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jean-Pierre Bemba 2006, VOA.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Jean-Pierre Bemba</font>]] '''Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo''' (4 Ugushyingo 1962) [[Dosiye:The_Vice_President_of_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo,_Mr._Jean_Pierre_Bemba_calls_on_the_Vice_President_Shri_Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat_in_New_Delhi_on_March_3,_2005.jpg|thumb|Jean-Pierre Bemba]] Visi Perezida wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 2bt1gozen58ewrw55yye4yp3ggemymb 0 6082 28819 28818 2011-03-31T13:30:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro]] belr2wver4g7olnxo15tpi9r6fumquq 0 6083 77431 66860 2021-08-10T03:01:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|burundi]] '''Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro''' ni Visi Perezida w’u [[Burundi]] [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] hyrwfggvk18hy61g0pnzvg7m2wzla8e 0 6084 77394 28823 2021-08-10T02:02:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|burundi]] '''Libère Bararunyeretse''' ni Perezida w’Umutwe wa Sena w’u [[Burundi]] [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] qoovr110pgj8uwb5ko1oucx4pwa2tzt 0 6085 77470 76900 2021-08-11T02:21:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vote_counting_in_Bujumbura,_Burundi,_June_29,_2015.jpg|thumb|Joseph Bamina yahoze ayoboye inteko ya sena y'i Burundi]] '''Joseph Bamina''' (1925–1965) ni Perezida w’Umutwe wa Sena w’u [[Burundi]] [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 009wntidenu6qncipok1odje79b8ydx 0 6086 79215 78099 2021-08-31T12:55:21Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Burundi_(Serarped).png|thumb|200x200px|Burundi (Serarped)]] [[Dosiye:Burundi_ex_arbre_d_amour_monument_des_héros.jpg|thumb|'''Gervais Rufyikiri ni''' Perezida w’Umutwe wa Sena w’u Burundi ]] [[Dosiye:Burundi_Bujumbura_Airport_02_(15948740697).jpg|thumb|Burundi Bujumbura inteko y'abadepite.]] '''Gervais Rufyikiri''' (12 Mata 1965) ni Perezida w’Umutwe wa Sena w’u [[Burundi]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Burundi Flag]] [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] fln5gij125nk7mu1qx8oazznxs1dndc 0 6087 79156 77862 2021-08-31T09:22:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sepp Blatter (2009).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Sepp Blatter</font>]] [[Dosiye:FIFA 20 logo.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|fifa]] [[Dosiye:Sepp_Blatter.jpg|thumb|Sepp Blatter]] '''Joseph Schwanz Blatter''' (10 Werurwe 1936) Perezida wa [[FIFA]]. [[Category:Abasuwisi]] [[Category:Abagore]] 7e1h90v68wq795dk4kljvpi3nd7g6m4 14 6088 66855 62308 2013-03-11T11:20:31Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 77 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3919882]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubusuwisi]] [[Category:Umuntu]] hzh3o1xw1tm4fdebvhzp9wtte38fwk9 14 6089 66856 60410 2013-03-11T11:20:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 137 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456250]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Uburayi]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] k90zjzj87pprybzpavhu2fhbgbdsoq6 0 6090 79148 66577 2021-08-31T09:05:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paul Wolfowitz.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Paul Wolfowitz</font>]] [[Dosiye:Paul_Wolfowitz_2006.jpg|thumb|Paul Wolfowitz 2006]] Bwana '''Paul Wolfowitz''' (22 Ukuboza 1943) Perezida wa [[Banki y’Isi]]. [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abayahudi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 8p4r3z8rb673059yhe3xuajoglb9i7q 14 6091 73348 72684 2020-09-25T10:06:15Z Deborahjay 6702 sort to alphabetize in category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ububiligi]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe k'ubwenegihugu|Biligi]] b34hfd2r40yguupd5ebj3x6u0ikopnf 0 6092 78193 66588 2021-08-23T14:09:20Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Louis Michel.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Louis Michel</font>]] [[Dosiye:Louis_Michel_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Louis Michel ]] '''Louis Michel''' (2 Nzeri 1947) Komiseri ushinzwe Iterambere mu [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] na wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe akaba na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u [[Bubiligi]]. [[Category:Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] oc4k92adzspgt9mkzpje84qhie9736t 0 6093 81710 79167 2022-01-31T11:31:58Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Donald Y Yamamoto.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Donald Yamamoto</span>]] [[Dosiye:Donald_Y._Yamamoto_official_photo.jpg|thumb|Donald Y. Yamamoto ]] '''Donald Yamamoto''' Ambasaderi wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 18k1ys3t9sbbyusda1ouw4aqj8x54wp 0 6094 28842 2011-03-31T14:33:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] ckd33b81iyb1moei07iu5vm1hlxe0j5 0 6095 76769 28844 2021-08-02T05:58:54Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aldo Ajello.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Aldo Ajello]] '''Aldo Ajello''' Intumwa yihariye y’[[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] ushinzwe Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. [[Category:Abataliyani]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 2wjv7suvvbam6yl6serpdkycwhuvvt1 0 6096 78197 66590 2021-08-23T14:30:52Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karel-de-gucht.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Karel De Gucht</font>]] [[Dosiye:Karel_De_Gucht_3.jpg|thumb|Karel De Gucht ]] Bwana '''Karel Lodewijk Georgette Emmerence De Gucht''' (27 Mutarama 1954 ) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane n’Amajyambere w’[[Ububiligi]] na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ububiligi. [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] t2t7u6xwuomqv53f1trspkogtgv35bt 14 6097 66589 63471 2013-03-11T11:14:37Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 82 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3919824]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuholandi]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 57inzx2wnpmojnqkkidtevsb8ldgtdv 0 6098 77615 66668 2021-08-14T15:05:01Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Henk_Kamp_2012.jpg|thumb|Henk G.J Kamp 2012]] [[Dosiye:De_minister_van_defensie_Henk_Kamp_bezoekt_het_1NLDSRFBN.jpg|thumb|Henk G.J Kamp minisitiri w'ingabo z'igihugu cy'ubuholandi]] Bwana '''Henk G.J. Kamp''' ni Minisitiri w’Ingabo w’[[Ubuholandi]]. [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9prrl2p5qme2fuvx4q92fug6rk50cel 0 6099 77067 76198 2021-08-05T21:03:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|thumb|Antoinette Batumubwira ni Minisitiri w'igihugu cy' u Burundi]] Madamu '''Antoinette Batumubwira''' (1956, [[Ngozi]]) ni Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’i [[Burundi]]. [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] gwcbe4o9wosmwg48s9wm54hi8pv4xa0 0 6100 78154 76453 2021-08-22T13:29:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kerstin Mueller, Gruene NRW LDK 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kerstin Müller</font>]] [[Dosiye:Kerstin_Müller_(2).jpg|thumb|Kerstin Müller ]] Madamu '''Kerstin Müller''' (13 Ugushyingo 1963) ni Minisitiri wungirije w’Ububanyi [[Dosiye:Kerstin_Müller_(17518900852).jpg|thumb|Kerstin Müller]] n’Amahanga w’[[Ubudage]]. [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] 3w3wrpujoe812ixcuwnj9k1ngqtjdzl 14 6101 67355 63038 2013-03-14T05:59:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 87 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6994491]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuyapani]] [[Category:Umuntu]] cj7fbzxg149a7xgcaathaj0pq4jfg2l 0 6102 77612 66673 2021-08-14T14:46:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ichiro_Aisawa_and_Adidas_soccer_ball_20120414.png|thumb|Ichiro Aisawa ]] Bwana '''Ichiro Aisawa''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : 逢沢 一郎 ''Aisawa Ichirō''; 10 Kamena 1954) ni Minisitiri wungirije w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Igihugu cy’[[Ubuyapani]]. [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] okvy1h9i5k6xz2z2cqy6wr7llcwml0p 0 6103 77846 67609 2021-08-18T01:28:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Robert Foglesong.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Robert H. Foglesong</font>]] Jenerali '''Robert H. Foglesong''' (13 Nyakanga 1945) ni Umugaba w’Ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American N818NN on approach in front of an American flag 1.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|American]] [[Dosiye:U.S. Air Force at Pittsburgh air show.jpg|center|thumb|U.S Air Force]] [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 5zs1q4n6xnwa77dgbzsihg7tkxksn1n 0 6104 79169 66648 2021-08-31T09:47:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:James L. Jones.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">James L. Jones</font>]] [[Dosiye:General_James_L_Jones_32nd_Commandant.jpg|thumb|General James L Jones ]] Jenerali '''James L. Jones''' (19 Ukuboza 1943) ni Komanda ushinzwe akarere k’i Burayi mu ngabo za [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]]. [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ala9o88mx9u2qcz75cjplu464wx9b6c 0 6105 79159 78088 2021-08-31T09:25:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Stolperstein_für_Walter_Fürst.JPG|thumb|188x188px|Stolperstein für Walter Fürst]] [[Dosiye:Walter_Fürst.jpg|thumb|335x335px|Walter Fürst ni Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y'Uburusiya]] Bwana '''Walter Furst''' ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Amajyambere n’Ubutwererane muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’[[Ubusuwisi]] (DDC). [[Dosiye:BnF_MS_fr._1589_f.1r.jpg|thumb|Stolperstein für Walter Fürst]] [[Category:Abasuwisi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] rqlo7kocdya1w4qweso80lchl5dvqe6 0 6106 79161 76448 2021-08-31T09:29:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Bwana '''Erastus J. O. Mwencha''' (15 Ugushyingo 1947) [[Dosiye:Erastus_J._O._Mwencha_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_Africa_2012_(2).jpg|thumb|Erastus J. O. Mwencha ]] ni Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa [[Umuryango w’Isoko Rusange ry’Ibihugu by’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iy’Amajyepfo]]. [[Dosiye:East African Shilling Map.png|center|thumb|420x420px|afrika y'uburasira zuba]] [[Category:Abanyakenya]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] l6k86pqtfpanfzwdpfr4pnpw8d3zuxc 14 6107 67332 62876 2013-03-14T05:57:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6994968]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kenya]] [[Category:Umuntu]] su2tcvs5o3hy4hoqjqvxhkfzywo74zx 0 6108 76454 68697 2021-07-26T15:00:44Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Bwana '''Louis Sylvain Goma''' (24 Kamena 1941) ni Umunyamabanga M [[Dosiye:Louis_Sylvain-Goma_&_Mauricio_Macri_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Louis Sylvain-Goma ]] ukuru wa [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati]]. [[File:Louis Sylvain-Goma.png|thumb|Louis Sylvain-Goma]] [[Category:Repubulika ya Kongo]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] k34kyyoskfzv6l77bxkt33gtxpu023w 0 6109 76981 28945 2021-08-04T23:54:50Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|inama]] '''Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda''' (MHC mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: Media High Council) [[Category:Itangazamakuru]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 3y12uphd1f799kcxiub6d798bvcxzlk 14 6110 66640 62174 2013-03-11T11:15:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1458390]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 14 6113 67630 37045 2013-04-02T19:07:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8620676]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amaradiyo]] [[Category:Rwanda]] b5vbneq0pepociooyxp9x8anuko03qf 0 6114 77835 70703 2021-08-18T00:50:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radiyo Muhabura''' ni [[radiyo]]. {{stub}} [[Dosiye:Portable radio Olympic-401, by Mykola Lebid (1977).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|radio]] [[Category:Amaradiyo mu Rwanda]] 2aq56p3m4eard9rn3p4run1r05l0l4h 0 6116 76101 28892 2021-07-18T06:53:02Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye''' ('''RC HUYE''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]) ni [[radiyo]]. Ku nshuro ya Gatatu, Radiyo y’Abaturage ivugira mu karere ka Huye (RC HUYE), ibicishije mu kiganiro “Tumenye Isi Yacu” kuri iki cyumweru taliki ya 26 Ukuboza 2010 yahembye [[Dosiye:Radio_Station.jpg|thumb|Radiyo y'abaturage ya Huye]] abanyeshuri bitwaye neza mu kiganiro. Abahembwe bavuze ko bavomye ubumenyi muri iki kiganiro. Ku ruhande rw’Ubuyobozi bwa RC Huye butangaza ko iki ari igikorwa cy’ingenzi, kuko mu mumaro wa Radiyo kwigisha biza ku isonga, akaba ariyo mpamvu byagize akamaro mu kongerera ubumenyi rusange abakurikirana Radiyo.<ref>[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=149&cat=16&storyid=4156 Radiyo y'abaturage ya Huye yongeye guhemba abanyeshuri]</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Amaradiyo mu Rwanda]] b10b3t737g5vs13n6xc5zuokyzoonyp 0 6117 28891 2011-03-31T17:04:18Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Radiyo y’Abaturage (Huye)]] to [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye]] 3t3if5szhc2wrf16fdqb98x656jwmya 14 6118 63234 28896 2013-02-03T00:02:09Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: szl,lb,zh,pl,eu,es,af,oc,ms,hu,sw,el,ar,sv,nl,pt,is,yi,ru,sr,ast,tr,fi,pfl,uk,be-x-old,sah,nn,ne,az,an,da,zh-min-nan,ko,he,fr,av,lbe,lad,yo,lv,it,gl,id,de,ja,zh-yue,simple,ku,sk,ext,hy,tt,en,th,ro,no,ca,la,sl,bat-smg,os,cs,fa,bg,vls,ka... wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Itangazamakuru]] pcmye5vpggrmix2tkty9do413w8tgyp 0 6119 28898 2011-03-31T17:24:18Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ikambere (igazeti)]] to [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)]] gpbgfrgokzlbahperjgip69kaamb0xv 0 6120 28900 2011-03-31T17:24:33Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umuvugizi (igazeti)]] to [[Umuvugizi (ikinyamakuru)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuvugizi (ikinyamakuru)]] nk70hr32mvtvhx2ua1hbtsjvdfy8cjq 0 6124 77142 69763 2021-08-08T01:42:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kanguka80.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Kanguka</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] '''Kanguka''' ni [[ikinyamakuru]] cyavutse mu 1988, cyandikaga inkuru zitandukanye. Mu Kwakira 1990, cyahinduye umurongo gitangira kurwanya Leta yariho ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], mu 1991, ubwo amashyaka menshi yemererwaga gukorera mu gihugu cyahise cyirwanya Leta ku mugaragaro. Kangura N° 80 ifite imirongo migari ikurikira: ::<font color="grey">Umupira w'abakombozi n'inkotanyi zirongeye ziradutsinze bahu!!!! Colonel SIMBA ati barambeshyera sindi umwicanyi kandi sinanga [[abatutsi]].</font> Twaraye mu Nkotanyi: ::<font color="grey">Wazinganya iki? Disikuru ya Ngango mu Nkotanyi. Twagiramungu yirukanwe mu ishyaka rya MDR none ari hafi gushinga MDR ye bwite.</font><ref>[http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php?title=Kanguka_Issue_80 www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw : Kanguka Issue 80]</ref> == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] fxd6y6atq7ukc79rjtk97qbikj3fm4f 0 6125 28922 2011-03-31T18:24:03Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Kanguka]] to [[Kanguka (ikinyamakuru)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kanguka (ikinyamakuru)]] soa7t57jglzlhy2tguahy0gs00f6dyp 0 6126 28926 2011-03-31T18:38:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Geworugiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Geworugiya]] gyokw0qudpls9etmd3sthwesjrfq1i0 14 6128 28931 2011-03-31T18:50:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with "[[Category:Ibinyamakuru]] [[Category:Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibinyamakuru]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 0thb3oluj63wrmcrktevekdjjywvf2x 14 6129 67353 58504 2013-03-14T05:59:07Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 25 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7054666]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibinyamakuru]] [[Category:Turukiya]] 7tlr77xqa13fibazkqj3ab42mb3lm1c 14 6130 67625 63226 2013-04-02T19:06:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8678365]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibinyamakuru]] [[Category:Zimbabwe]] bm81swxhmoec91o1wv6oz4ox0hivqun 0 6131 77992 77650 2021-08-20T01:16:37Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Newspaper bag.jpg|thumb|Newspaper]] '''The New Times''' ni [[ikinyamakuru]]. {{stub}} [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] ttjx0jqxka0f73572vsq4nhxxcd8z29 0 6133 77297 76946 2021-08-09T20:10:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Delegates Arrive with Genocide Commemoration Bouquets - Catholic Church Memorial - Nyamata - Rwanda.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|icyizere]] '''Icyizere''' ni [[ikinyamakuru]] cya [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside]] (CNLG) == Imiyoboro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20110318084614/http://www.cnlg.gov.rw/newsite%20Icyizere%20Newspaper.html [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] m65cblgblsucxuvnpke0prwnjw6ap2l 0 6134 77856 28944 2021-08-18T02:04:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chinatown community newspaper East West, July 25, 1979.jpg|thumb|ikinyamakuru]] '''Rwanda Tribune''' ni ikinyamakuru cyandikirwa i [[Kigali]] kigasohoka kuri murandasi. Intego y'iki kinyamakuru ni ukubagezaho amakuru y'ukuri nyakuri. [[Category:Ibinyamakuru mu Rwanda]] 7cd957lzin01dk7nig9ga0ooiseis4x 14 6135 67658 62284 2013-04-02T19:08:43Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7262989]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 0veditbl8ytxpll7ofymwdx8po1g3ml 14 6137 67657 58049 2013-04-02T19:08:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 10 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7296254]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] 1myglhe3q5gt91nds7cot1m183cr26z 0 6140 29021 2011-04-01T08:39:52Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[İstanbul]] to [[Istanbul]] over redirect wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Istanbul]] 617ooqd8kbj7qf5qgntv5npx5ws9f1s 0 6141 29023 2011-04-01T08:42:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Istanbul]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Istanbul]] fccr9g71xy8pf3h4zx4soyuptnw5lh3 0 6142 29027 29026 2011-04-01T08:50:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Istanbul]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Istanbul]] nbtial426oi93t2qh8n6czegztegw4b 0 6143 71164 66702 2017-10-15T08:16:07Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Istambul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg with [[File:Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Clear typo in name.). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Latrans-Turkey location Istanbul.svg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Intara y’Istanbul </font>]] [[File:Istanbul location districts.svg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Uturere tw’Istanbul</font>]] [[File:Istanbul and Bosporus big.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Istanbul</font>]] [[File:DSC03832 Istanbul - Aya Sophia - Foto G. Dall'Orto 24-5-2006.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Istanbul</font>]] [[File:Halic.png|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Istanbul</font>]] '''Intara y’Istanbul''' cyangwa '''Intara y’İstanbul''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''İstanbul ili'') n’[[intara]] muri [[Turukiya]]. Umurwa mukuru w’intara y’Istanbul witwa [[Istanbul (umujyi)|umujyi wa Istanbul]]. Intara y’Istanbul gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 12.915.158 (abagabo 6.498.997 n’abagore 6.416.161)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env TÜİK]</ref>, batuye kubuso bwa km² 5343 . == Uturere tw’Istanbul == * [[Akarere k’Adalar]] * [[Akarere k’Arnavutköy]] * [[Akarere k’Ataşehir]] * [[Akarere k’Avcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bağcılar]] * [[Akarere ka Bahçelievler]] * [[Akarere ka Bakırköy]] * [[Akarere ka Başakşehir]] * [[Akarere ka Bayrampaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Beşiktaş]] * [[Akarere ka Beykoz]] * [[Akarere ka Beylikdüzü]] * [[Akarere ka Beyoğlu]] * [[Akarere ka Büyükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Çatalca]] * [[Akarere ka Çekmeköy]] * [[Akarere k’Esenler]] * [[Akarere k’Esenyurt]] * [[Akarere k’Eyüp]] * [[Akarere ka Fatih]] * [[Akarere ka Gaziosmanpaşa]] * [[Akarere ka Güngören]] * [[Akarere ka Kadıköy]] * [[Akarere ka Kağıthane]] * [[Akarere ka Kartal]] * [[Akarere ka Küçükçekmece]] * [[Akarere ka Maltepe]] * [[Akarere ka Pendik]] * [[Akarere ka Sancaktepe]] * [[Akarere ka Sarıyer]] * [[Akarere ka Silivri]] * [[Akarere ka Sultanbeyli]] * [[Akarere ka Sultangazi]] * [[Akarere ka Şile]] * [[Akarere ka Şişli]] * [[Akarere ka Tuzla]] * [[Akarere k’Ümraniye]] * [[Akarere k’Üsküdar]] * [[Akarere ka Zeytinburnu]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Istanbul == :Umuyobozi w’intara : Hüseyin Avni Mutlu :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Kadir Topbaş == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Adalar]] || align="right" | 10.460 |- | [[Arnavutköy]] || align="right" | 148.419 |- | [[Ataşehir]] || align="right" | 345.588 |- | [[Avcılar]] || align="right" | 322.190 |- | [[Bağcılar]] || align="right" | 719.267 |- | [[Bahçelievler]] || align="right" | 571.711 |- | [[Bakırköy]] || align="right" | 214.821 |- | [[Başakşehir]] || align="right" | 193.750 |- | [[Bayrampaşa]] || align="right" | 272.196 |- | [[Beşiktaş]] || align="right" | 191.513 |- |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Beykoz]] || align="right" | 241.833 |- | [[Beylikdüzü]] || align="right" | 186.847 |- | [[Beyoğlu]] || align="right" | 247.256 |- | [[Büyükçekmece]] || align="right" | 151.954 |- | [[Çatalca]] || align="right" | 61.566 |- | [[Çekmeköy]] || align="right" | 135.603 |- | [[Esenler]] || align="right" | 468.448 |- | [[Esenyurt]] || align="right" | 335.316 |- | [[Eyüp]] || align="right" | 317.695 |- | [[Fatih]] || align="right" | 455.499 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Gaziosmanpaşa]] || align="right" | 464.109 |- | [[Güngören]] || align="right" | 318.545 |- | [[Kadıköy]] || align="right" | 550.801 |- | [[Kağıthane]] || align="right" | 418.229 |- | [[Kartal]] || align="right" | 427.156 |- | [[Küçükçekmece]] || align="right" | 662.566 |- | [[Maltepe]] || align="right" | 415.117 |- | [[Pendik]] || align="right" | 520.486 |- | [[Sancaktepe]] || align="right" | 223.755 |- | [[Sarıyer]] || align="right" | 276.407 |} | valign="top" | {| ! style="background:#efefef;" | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uturere &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ! style="background:#efefef;" | abaturage |- | [[Silivri]] || align="right" | 118.304 |- | [[Sultanbeyli]] || align="right" | 272.758 |- | [[Sultangazi]] || align="right" | 436.935 |- | [[Şile]] || align="right" | 25.169 |- | [[Şişli]] || align="right" | 314.684 |- | [[Tuzla]] || align="right" | 225.523 |- | [[Ümraniye]] || align="right" | 553.352 |- | [[Üsküdar]] || align="right" | 529.550 |- | [[Zeytinburnu]] || align="right" | 288.743 |- | <ref>http://www.ibb.gov.tr/tr-TR/kurumsal/Pages/IlceveIlkKademe.aspx</ref> |} |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.istanbul.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Intara y’Istanbul] * [http://www.istanbul.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Istanbul] [[Category:Intara ya Turukiya|I]] 0gy0i29awxvqa0jfnbjebllegkfw2ep 0 6144 81449 78444 2022-01-31T10:51:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul location Adalar.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Istanbul n’akarere k’Adalar</span>]] [[File:Princes Islands.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’ibirwa by’Adalar</span>]] [[File:Buyukada 1196.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere k’Adalar</span>]] [[File:Buyukada 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere k’Adalar</span>]] [[File:Buyukada 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere k’Adalar</span>]] '''Akarere k’Adalar''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Adalar ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Istanbul|ntara y’Istanbul]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Adalar ni kamwe mu turere 39 tugize Intara y’Istanbul. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 14.341 (abagabo 7.692 n’abagore 6.649)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 15,85. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''ada'''» 'ikirwa' na «'''-lar'''» 'ubuke: ibirwa'). == Ibirwa by’Adalar == {| class="wikitable" width=400 ! colspan=3 | |- | izina ry’ibirwa | gafite ubuso bwa | abaturage |- | '''Büyükada''' | 5,4&nbsp;km² | 7.335 |- | '''Heybeliada''' | 2,3&nbsp;km² | 5.529 |- | '''Burgazada''' | 1,5&nbsp;km² | 1.578 |- | '''Kınalıada''' | 1,3&nbsp;km² | 3.318 |- | '''Sedef Adası''' | 0,15&nbsp;km² | oya |- | '''Yassıada''' | 0,05&nbsp;km² | oya |- | '''Sivriada''' | 0,04&nbsp;km² | oya |- | '''Tavşanadası''' | 0,01&nbsp;km² | oya |- | '''Kaşıkadası''' | 0,008&nbsp;km² | oya |- |igiteranyo |10,76&nbsp;km² |17.760 |} == Ubuyobozi bw’Adalar== :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Mevlüt Kurban :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Farsakoğlu == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Abaturage''' |- | align="left" | [[2010]] | align="right" | 14.221 |- | align="left" | [[2007]] | align="right" | 10.460 |- | align="left" | [[2000]] | align="right" | 17.738 |- | align="left" | [[1997]] | align="right" | 16.171 |- | align="left" | [[1990]] | align="right" | 19.413 |- | align="left" | [[1985]] | align="right" | 14.534 |- | align="left" | [[1980]] | align="right" | 18.232 |- | align="left" | [[1975]] | align="right" | 12.807 |- | align="left" | [[1970]] | align="right" | 15.086 |- | align="left" | [[1965]] | align="right" | 15.264 |- | align="left" | [[1960]] | align="right" | 19.864 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.adalar.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Adalar] *[http://www.adalar.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi w’Adalar] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 7bnrlnpwyxca9orjyjd0a3ffcjpekpt 0 6145 29033 2011-04-01T09:13:11Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Adalar]] to [[Adalar]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adalar]] pv8whh0doutwm5k8p61jne1hsof6zgz 0 6149 29071 2011-04-01T12:55:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Jean Kambanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jean Kambanda]] syr23ssdwsfolf3018decelif0rv8m4 0 6150 77133 76896 2021-08-08T01:16:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|420x420px|rwanda]] '''Jean Kambanda''' (19 Ukwakira 1955) wo muri [[MDR]] yari [[Minisitiri w'Intebe]] wa 5 wa Repubulika y’u [[Rwanda]] hagati y’itariki ya 9 Mata na 19 Nyakanga 1994. Yavukiye mu ntara ya [[Cyangugu]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Kambanda, Jean}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9t2ez4g6v6aw59t04ehlz7ftpbsx3j8 0 6151 76616 66792 2021-07-29T15:19:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michèle Alliot-Marie - Université d'été du MEDEF 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Michèle Alliot-Marie</font>]] [[Dosiye:Michèle_Alliot-Marie,_French_Minister_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(5277700729)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Michèle Alliot-Marie, Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’Uburayi]] '''Michèle Alliot-Marie''' (10 Nzeri 1946) wari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u [[Bufaransa]]. [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abagore]] 4vhlq2y1i4p9kv0yq2juyycra9u94hd 0 6154 81509 78643 2022-01-31T11:00:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul location Arnavutköy.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Istanbul n’akarere k’Arnavutköy</span>]] [[Dosiye:Arnavutköy,_Bebek_Arnavutköy_Cd_No-119,_34345_Beşiktaş-İstanbul,_Turkey_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Ifoto yumujyi wa Arnavutköy]] '''Akarere k’Arnavutköy''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Arnavutköy ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Istanbul|ntara y’Istanbul]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere k’Arnavutköy ni kamwe mu turere 39 tugize Intara y’Istanbul. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 175,871 (abagabo 86.741 n’abagore 81.380)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 506.52 . [[Dosiye:Arnavutköy_quarter_of_Istanbul_on_the_Bosphorus,_Turkey_002.jpg|thumb|Ifoto yumujyi wa Arnavutköy]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''Arnavut'''» 'umuntu w’Alubaniya' na «'''köy'''» 'umudugudu'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Black Sea :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere k’[[Eyüp]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Başakşehir]], Akarere k’[[Esenyurt]] n’Akarere ka [[Büyükçekmece]] :Mu burengerazuba : Akarere ka [[Çatalca]] == Ubuyobozi bw’Arnavutköy == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Hürrem Aksoy :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Ahmet Haşim Baltacı == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Umujyi''' | align="right" | '''Imidugudu''' | align="right" | '''Igiteranyo ''' |- | align="left" | [[2009]] | align="right" | 168.121 | align="right" | 7.750 | align="right" | 175,871 |- | align="left" | [[2008]] | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 163,510 |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.arnavutkoy.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere k’Arnavutköy] *[http://www.arnavutkoy.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi k’Arnavutköy] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] bj5qgxajvssfa6mnpwm38ov6ptl38uo 0 6155 29093 2011-04-01T15:41:23Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere k’Arnavutköy]] to [[Arnavutköy]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arnavutköy]] g389cv2evo7fb43srmh0grndzi5c8o7 0 6158 29099 2011-04-01T16:48:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Thabo Mbeki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Thabo Mbeki]] ntqdf5t9zrabqcz8aqkp8uibdh3gxvr 0 6159 78562 66835 2021-08-25T07:19:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Michèle Alliot-Marie</font>]] [[Dosiye:Thabo_Mbeki_2003.jpg|thumb|Thabo Mbeki]] '''Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki''' (soma mu [[kigisosa]]: ''tʰaɓɔ mbɛːkʼi'' ; 18 Kamena 1942) ni Perezida w’[[Afurika y’Epfo]]. [[Category:Abanyafurika y’epfo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] 95bl9clcgstyjfi2hdj86zxqg3a3a4g 0 6160 29101 2011-04-01T17:05:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ix8e95f89gfs2457ch7kbhmad3h2u4w 0 6161 79034 79027 2021-08-30T19:42:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Olusegun Obasanjo (Brasilia 6 September 2005).jpg|thumb|222x222px|<font color="grey">Olusegun Obasanjo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Caroline_Kende-Robb,Olusegun_Obasanjo,_Claire_Akamanzi.jpg|thumb|Caroline Kende-Robb,Olusegun Obasanjo, Claire Akamanzi Umunyarwandakazi uhagarariye ikigo gishinzwe ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda RDB]] '''Olusegun Obasanjo''' (izina mu [[kiyoruba]]: ''Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ'' cyangwa ''Mathiew Àrẹ̀mú Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́'' ; 5 Werurwe 1937) ni Perezida wa [[Nijeriya]]. Muri Kanama 2021, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika washyizeho Olusegun Obasanjo nk'uhagarariye amahoro mu ihembe rya Afurika. [[Dosiye:Olusegun_Obasanjo_2014.jpg|thumb|Olusegun Obasanjo 2014]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kyjep8kybnfk9f3f2wvkognpwd0uv8d 0 6162 29105 2011-04-01T17:18:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abdoulaye Wade]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abdoulaye Wade]] b5ni142d5e4n31b3cr9967lcg5udico 0 6163 81441 78439 2022-01-31T10:50:29Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abdoulaye_Wade.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abdoulaye Wade</span>]] '''Abdoulaye Wade''' (29 Gicurasi 1926) ni Perezida wa 3 wa [[Senegali]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Senegal.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of Senegal]] [[Dosiye:Abdoulaye_Wade_(1).jpg|thumb|Abdoulaye Wade ]] [[Category:Abanyasenegali]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 5f0ny85s309oa3mk0p092gnmz9g2vez 0 6164 29108 2011-04-01T17:25:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[John Kufuor]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[John Kufuor]] d8urw4jftsfr8qp11d1hs984zakx8sn 0 6165 76618 66911 2021-07-29T15:55:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:John Agyekum Kufuor - World Economic Forum on Africa 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">John Kufuor</font>]] '''John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor ''' (8 Ukuboza 1938) ni Perezida wa [[Gana]]. [[Dosiye:John_Kufuor_1-1.jpg|thumb|John Kufuor ]] [[Category:Gana]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] cfm79gd34i95eprrpf8mx0ugmmym069 0 6166 29112 2011-04-01T17:31:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Omar Bongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Omar Bongo]] 81ohclmq9oj6re4p8teg52ce4b0lx9z 0 6167 78952 76477 2021-08-30T06:15:14Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Omar Bongo crop.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Omar Bongo</font>]] [[Dosiye:Omar_Bongo_1973.jpg|thumb|Omar Bongo 1973]] '''El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba ''' (30 Ukuboza 1935 – 8 Kamena 2009) ni Perezida wa [[Gabo]]. [[Dosiye:Omar_Bongo_cropped.jpg|thumb|Omar Bongo ]] [[Category:Gabo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kc20wsjb1gj4f6mlfi2w59loipkc6od 0 6168 29114 2011-04-01T17:39:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]] a9z1z5dgi61s5f60fcsfqf0x5dlbtlp 0 6169 81699 79487 2022-01-31T11:30:15Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sassou-Nguesso.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Denis Sassou Nguesso</span>]] '''Denis Sassou Nguesso''' (23 Ugushyingo 1943) ni Perezida wa [[Repubulika ya Kongo]]. Mu Kwakira 2021, Denis Sassou N'Guesso yavuzwe mu kibazo cy’urukozasoni rwa "Pandora Paper". Nk’uko ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abanyamakuru ribitangaza, mu 1998, nyuma gato yo gusubira ku butegetsi bwa Denis Sassou N'Guesso Ishoramari rya Inter African ryanditswe mu birwa bya Virginie y’Ubwongereza, ahantu h’imisoro ya Karayibe. Denis Sassou N'Guesso arahakana en bloc ni inyandiko. [[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|DR Congo]] [[Dosiye:Denis_Sassou_Nguesso_2014.png|thumb|Denis Sassou Nguesso 2014]] [[Category:Repubulika ya Kongo]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] thkdq3f54rl9h4jr4aaqm7k6u1mpbtc 0 6170 29118 2011-04-01T17:43:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Joaquim Chissano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Joaquim Chissano]] 9tfidw57bdscqk1rcwk66eyddh8u6ua 0 6171 81664 79041 2022-01-31T11:24:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Joaquim Chissano.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Joaquim Chissano</span>]] '''Joaquim Alberto Chissano ''' (22 Ukwakira 1939) ni Perezida wa [[Mozambike]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Mozambique.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Mozambique]] [[Dosiye:Mozambique.JoaquimAlbertoChissano.01.jpg|thumb|Joaquim Chissano]] [[Category:Mozambike]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] cknsnfxgxfnzt38mimpna27u5fbe5hv 0 6172 29120 2011-04-01T17:47:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Festus Mogae]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Festus Mogae]] 04ceivjfz30ld0xurczeurz6e1wcg7f 0 6173 81734 79180 2022-01-31T11:35:43Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mogpow.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Festus Mogae</span>]] '''Festus Gontebanye Mogae ''' (21 Kanama 1939) ni Perezida wa [[Botswana]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|thumb|450x450px|Botswana]] [[Dosiye:Festus_Mogae.jpg|thumb|Festus Mogae]] [[Category:Botswana]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ng4nr4vsk2vsbubvnav1h4n3yh4ey3i 0 6174 29122 2011-04-01T17:52:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yoweri Museveni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoweri Museveni]] 2t3hrae5j8culgunupalce4k6z5c3wo 0 6175 77409 76467 2021-08-10T02:38:13Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yoweri Museveni September 2015.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yoweri Museveni</font>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|thumb|Uganda country]] '''Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ''' (1944) ni Perezida w’[[Ubugande]]. Yoweri kaguta mseveni yavukiye ni nawe perezinda muri africa uyoboye igihe kinini. [[Dosiye:Yoweri_K._Museveni_(portrait,_2018).jpg|thumb|Yoweri K. Museveni ]] [[Category:Abagande]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mq2jgca17i8cua354htwiw1zof891yk 0 6176 29124 2011-04-01T17:56:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mwai Kibaki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mwai Kibaki]] kbqygh0ymu6n0ylutuwr1crel5gmqo6 0 6177 29126 2011-04-01T17:58:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Jean Minani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jean Minani]] kiylvxlqvo7z85w5ag68edr4acdgo75 0 6178 77134 76891 2021-08-08T01:19:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Milliyet 1932 eylul 22.pdf|thumb|burundi]] '''Jean Minani''' ni Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu [[Burundi]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Minani, Jean}} [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] f65n9nhl4dkuvv3mdjogeljsyye6k9r 0 6179 29130 2011-04-01T18:12:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Azarias Ruberwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Azarias Ruberwa]] sns8l98dzrju3nyswkyvcxnyn9703ue 0 6180 77490 76196 2021-08-11T03:21:07Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Azarias Ruberwa Manywa ''' (1964) ni Visi Perezida wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|thumb|'''Azarias Ruberwa Manywa''' ni umwe muba visi perezida b'igihugu cya Congo]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 099wf5vy3fewsykpt583ecg4f6t78mp 0 6181 29132 2011-04-01T18:14:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Guy Verhofstadt]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Guy Verhofstadt]] cxmlwr3azt4irqd0wzhdx3do3hwr9vh 0 6182 81798 79272 2022-01-31T11:45:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guy_Verhofstadt_in_2005.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Guy Verhofstadt</span>]] [[Dosiye:Brexit_debate_-_Guy_Verhofstadt_(Renew,_Belgium)_(48753084028).jpg|thumb|Guy Verhofstadt ]] '''Guy Verhofstadt''' (11 Mata 1953) ni Minisitiri w’Intebe w’[[Ububiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Zeebrugge Belgium Signpost-with-EU-Flag-and-Belgium-Flag-01.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Belgium]] [[Dosiye:Guy_Verhofstadt_die_30_Martis_2012_recortado.jpg|thumb|Guy Verhofstadt die ]] [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] m0cbel8anxlvklms2jkan7y5c5sudwp 0 6183 29134 2011-04-01T18:20:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Meles Zenawi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Meles Zenawi]] l13a7oxrjlmcqy92de4lwpf3criqii3 0 6184 79321 78313 2021-08-31T21:47:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meles Zenawi detail 080701-F-1644L-154.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Meles Zenawi</font>]] [[Dosiye:Prime Minister of Ethiopia (6924159529).jpg|thumb|'''Meles Zenawi Asres''']] '''Meles Zenawi Asres ''' (izina mu [[kinyamarike]] : መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ ''Mäläs Zenawi Äsräs''; 8 Gicurasi 1955) ni Minisitiri w’Intebe wa [[Etiyopiya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Ethiopia (1996–2009).svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Flag of Ethiopia]] [[Dosiye:Meles_Zenawi_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg|thumb|Meles Zenawi -]] [[Category:Etiyopiya]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] jv1k9d4wotj2fvr9z63wrp1unudpu92 0 6185 29137 2011-04-01T18:30:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Frederick Sumaye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Frederick Sumaye]] 2h0d3u2zgkfihvm9rc0nru4jdsomwcs 0 6186 81745 77984 2022-01-31T11:37:26Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Frederick Sumaye boston december 2006.png|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Frederick Sumaye</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Tanzania.svg|thumb|Tanzania]] '''Frederick Tluway Sumaye ''' (1950) ni Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Category:Abanyatanzaniya]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] pmq9mavl4wb279t1hk4kqt34n5pzg2l 0 6187 29140 2011-04-01T18:39:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Alpha Oumar Konaré]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alpha Oumar Konaré]] mz25wnfqa3htxjtb4hn9smi0zgd5lwp 0 6188 81524 79443 2022-01-31T11:03:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Konare27022007.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Alpha Oumar Konaré</span>]] '''Alpha Oumar Konaré''' (2 Gashyantare 1946) ni Perezida wa [[Mali]] na Perezida wa [[Komisiyo ya Afurika Yunze Ubumwe]]. Muri Nzeri 2021, Alpha Oumar Konaré, yari mu bitaro byihutirwa muri Maroc mu bitaro bya Cheikh Zaid i Rabat. [[Dosiye:Flag of Mali.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|flag of Mali]] [[Dosiye:Alpha_Oumar_Konaré.jpg|thumb|Alpha Oumar Konaré]] [[Category:Abanyamali]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] jlv493qeqq69ov8t7zhxutyk627b124 0 6189 29142 2011-04-01T18:46:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Alphonse-Marie Kadege]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alphonse-Marie Kadege]] ebdw6g9ozv0hiyu4wb2fy393l6v3l4n 0 6190 77030 71661 2021-08-05T07:24:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|thumb|Flag of Burundi]] '''Alphonse-Marie Kadege''' wahoze ari Visi Perezida w’u [[Burundi]]. Arashakishwa n'ubutabera. [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ipyyf1x2pwa44c77or8u7fyak8yub93 0 6191 29144 2011-04-01T18:50:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Quett Masire]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Quett Masire]] plsx6m056m9rk4hb8c4xm6kgyxoe3br 0 6192 78572 66611 2021-08-25T07:48:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Quett Masire detail DF-SC-85-12044.JPEG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Quett Masire</font>]] '''Quett Ketumile Joni Masire''' (23 Gashyantare 1925) ni wahoze ari Perezida wa [[Botswana]]. [[Dosiye:Quett_Masire_1984-05-19.jpg|thumb|Quett Masire ]] [[Category:Botswana]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] bwyy5alxtsi9qcb1bc7bf5js1z1fw4z 0 6193 29146 2011-04-01T18:56:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pierre Buyoya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pierre Buyoya]] 28bofwsf89zi8j3egxg8h0fg9ts3tfr 0 6194 78332 77825 2021-08-24T06:52:42Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pierre Buyoya at Chatham House 2013.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|thumb|Burundi flag]] [[Dosiye:Pierre_Buyoya_at_Chatham_House_2013_crop.jpg|thumb|Pierre Buyoya ]] '''Pierre Buyoya''' (24 Ugushyingo 1949 -2020) ni wahoze ari Perezida w’u [[Burundi]]. [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] kpexdkgmxebrleagp85nw5efrybx1o4 0 6195 29148 2011-04-01T18:59:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Patrick Mazimhaka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Patrick Mazimhaka]] ly5hdir3wibx8bvqx7tdgw0yq5xu1px 0 6196 76830 76570 2021-08-02T18:54:53Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kayumbu_patrick.jpg|Kayumbu_patrick.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: https://www.therwandan.com/ki/patrick-mazimpaka-yaguye-mu-bitaro-mu-buhinde-azize-indw wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Patrick Mazimhaka, AFRICOM February 2009.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Patrick Mazimhaka</font>]] '''Patrick Kayumbu Mazimhaka ''' (26 Mata 1948) ni Visi Perezida wa Komisiyo ya [[Afurika Yunze Ubumwe]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Mazimhaka, Patrick}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] k7630e11ela9yn6wx45dfz0p7059trw 0 6197 29152 2011-04-01T19:07:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Louis Michel]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Louis Michel]] jy08jvsl5ogx1rb9kpl8g0bkug314t2 0 6198 29155 2011-04-01T19:10:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ububiligi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ububiligi]] 5zedyhbyxhz0d5urs2pk9asduqokrbj 0 6199 29158 2011-04-01T19:13:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Walter Zuber]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Walter Zuber]] 3w56yzmblyg827gb6633b808o46aoyb 0 6200 79542 78286 2021-10-21T12:30:35Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Germany_(WFB_2004).gif with [[File:Flag_of_Germany_(2004_World_Factbook).gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rhénanie-Palatinat_(2009).png|thumb|'''Walter Zuber''' yabaye Minisitiri Perezida wa Rhénanie-Palatinat]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|thumb|320x320px|German]] '''Walter Zuber''' (11 Kamena 1943) ni Minisitiri Perezida wa Rhénanie-Palatinat mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] dlya86v2j22tkeojoi4to1urc9ginbl 0 6201 29164 2011-04-01T19:18:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul]] tcvq91umue4o11ecc1npf4p5qr6639j 0 6202 79543 79299 2021-10-21T12:30:52Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Germany_(WFB_2004).gif with [[File:Flag_of_Germany_(2004_World_Factbook).gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul (2009).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul</font>]] '''Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul ''' (21 Ugushyingo 1942) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane n’Iterambere mu [[Budage]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|center|thumb|420x420px|ubudage]] [[Dosiye:Heidemarie_Wieczorek-Zeul_taz.jpg|thumb|Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul ]] [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] 2cwowfs3hej9xev2us3a4q3veacicsp 0 6203 29167 2011-04-01T19:23:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Hilary Benn]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hilary Benn]] pmze0l6q0ot3l9byrjd6w333kfll7yt 0 6204 81602 78940 2022-01-31T11:15:17Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hilary Benn, September 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Hilary Benn</span>]] '''Hilary James Wedgwood Benn''' (26 Ugushyingo 1953) ni Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Amajyambere Mpuzamahanga mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Dosiye:Flags of the United Kingdom and England.svg|center|thumb|384x384px|Flags of the United Kingdom and England]] [[Dosiye:Hilary_Benn.jpg|thumb|Hilary Benn]] [[Category:Ubwongereza]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] e6dqaginjvax7k5f1wf6txsm9ebmn8w 0 6205 29172 2011-04-01T19:35:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kongo]] ch3a5ulu2cfrkx8ijunz1bn6qy5noz9 0 6206 76446 68613 2021-07-26T14:31:23Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnes van Ardenne.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] Madamu '''Anna Maria Agnes van Ardenne-van der Hoeven ''' (21 Mutarama 1950) ni Minisitiri ushinzwe ubutwererane n’Iterambere mu [[Buholandi]] [[Dosiye:Famara_Jatta_and_Agnes_van_Ardenne,_IMF_691765l.jpg|thumb|Agnes van Ardenne]] {{commonscat|Agnes van Ardenne}} [[Category:Abaholandi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] e0ax77eih2uowljyykio9r28lq05qh6 0 6207 29177 2011-04-01T19:42:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] eqfts4cs3a9phlugylq7ahqfarfp05q 0 6208 29178 2011-04-01T19:42:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuholandi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuholandi]] eqfts4cs3a9phlugylq7ahqfarfp05q 0 6209 29181 2011-04-01T19:47:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi]] hyr64mvf2fjp014krqnlpp2mvc91jxe 0 6210 78704 76447 2021-08-26T04:13:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Antipas_Mbusa_-_2008_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Antipas Mbusa - 2008 (cropped)]] Bwana '''Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi''' (15 Ugushyingo 1959 ) ni Minisitiri w’Ubutwererane bw’Akarere muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3-2).svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Congo]] [[Dosiye:The_Minister_Incharge_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Cooperation_of_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo,_Mr._Antipas_Mbusa_Nyamwisi_called_on_the_Defence_Minister,_Shri_A._K._Antony,_in_New_Delhi_on_March_12,_2008.jpg|thumb|Mr. Antipas Mbusa Nyamwisi ]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 1r0e8hzgztqrredvt8zj1qkzt69rtxd 0 6211 29209 2011-04-01T22:23:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Daudi Migereko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Daudi Migereko]] anw6grve0hfsowb4maq2drbgu2nebgq 0 6212 77405 76832 2021-08-10T02:30:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|uganda]] '''Daudi Migereko''' (26 Kamena 1956) ni Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ingufu muri [[Uganda]]. [[Category:Abagande]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 4orq7u0joosteosc1235rvm5ge7c69e 0 6213 29214 2011-04-01T22:36:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tommy Thompson]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tommy Thompson]] 6209xeuz39bhywqgjsgdebzr47zs456 0 6214 79174 77995 2021-08-31T09:51:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tommy Thompson 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Tommy Thompson</font>]] [[Dosiye:Tommy_Thompson_(WI).jpg|thumb|Tommy Thompson ]] '''Tommy George Thompson''' (19 Ugushyingo 1941) ni Minisitiri w’Ubuzima muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|flag]] [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] e9o2p4q9l0xtttop5yqdr415vwrubjh 0 6215 29216 2011-04-01T22:39:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[André Flahaut]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[André Flahaut]] 6pjr2iwpyigzg50docmgs6lv9slt6ih 0 6216 81542 78686 2022-01-31T11:06:01Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flahaut 010618-D-2987S-093 screen.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">André Flahaut</span>]] [[Dosiye:André_Flahaut_with_William_Cohen,_2000.jpg|thumb|André Flahaut hamwe na William Cohen]] '''André M.J.Gh. Flahaut ''' (18 Kanama 1955 ) ni Minisitiri w’Ingabo w’[[Ububiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Zeebrugge Belgium Signpost-with-EU-Flag-and-Belgium-Flag-01.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Belgium]] [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] tjij171gr1qaw48mloq1v0xbaih2qwo 0 6217 29227 2011-04-01T23:59:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intara y’Istanbul]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y’Istanbul]] nbtial426oi93t2qh8n6czegztegw4b 0 6218 29230 2011-04-02T00:21:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mosiuoa Lekota]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mosiuoa Lekota]] 3rbxv421ju8dz4ja6kbsyrdpw7thk7h 0 6219 76455 66741 2021-07-26T17:52:45Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mosiuoa Lekota, 000215-D-9880W-112 detail.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Mosiuoa Lekota</font>]] '''Mosiuoa Gerard Patrick Lekota''' (13 Kanama 1948) ni [[Dosiye:Lekota_mosiuoa.jpg|thumb|Lekota mosiuoa]] Minisitiri w’Ingabo wa [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. [[Category:Abanyafurika y’epfo]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ieombnsnb5cjn2dlspacm952ynp01h3 0 6220 29233 29232 2011-04-02T00:29:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] px2rvux63fh26h9zislxcjkr8aihasv 0 6221 29234 2011-04-02T00:30:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] px2rvux63fh26h9zislxcjkr8aihasv 0 6222 76425 66844 2021-07-25T21:07:24Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Prof. '''Mahmoud A. Abu-Zeid''' (1935; izina mu [[cyarabu]]: '''محمود عبد الحليم أبو زيد''' ) ni Minisitiri ushizwe iby’amazi mu [[Misiri]] [[Dosiye:Flickr_-_World_Economic_Forum_-_Mahmoud_Abu_Zeid_-_World_Economic_Forum_on_the_Middle_East_2008.jpg|thumb|Mahmoud Abu Zeid ]] == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.mahmoudabuzeid.info/about-me.html Site Webu ya Mahmoud Abu Zeid] [[Category:Misiri]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 5b7omp5lpvl6sz59q2dvr2xgylvqp8z 0 6223 29237 2011-04-02T00:34:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mahmoud Abu Zeid]] px2rvux63fh26h9zislxcjkr8aihasv 0 6224 29242 2011-04-02T00:56:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pierre Ndikumangenge]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pierre Ndikumangenge]] k5xm2mzhogzn20vlx1bhpa8m7fmesza 0 6225 77826 77636 2021-08-18T00:19:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|thumb|Pierre Ndikumagenge ni Minisitiri w'igihugu cy'uburundi]] [[Dosiye:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh meeting the President of the Republic of Burundi, Mr. Pierre Nkurunziza, in New Delhi on September 18, 2012.jpg|thumb|Nkurunziza]] '''Pierre Ndikumangenge''' (1935) ni Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi mu [[Burundi]]. [[Category:Abarundi]] [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 4op27f0k4moahgjrcqlxo9yw9nduvsx 0 6226 29244 2011-04-02T01:02:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Hervé Hasquin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hervé Hasquin]] 6c51frwsfwj0zlccm9mmtzfxp9pkyly 0 6227 79305 77147 2021-08-31T21:32:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2000-309-EC- Council Decision of 17 April 2000 appointing a Belgian member and two Belgian alternate members of the Committee of the Regions (EUD 2000-309).pdf|thumb|'''Hervé Hasquin''']] '''Hervé Hasquin''' (31 Ukuboza 1942) ni Minisitiri Perezida wa ''Communauté Française de Belgique'' m’[[Ububiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|thumb|420x420px]] [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ne7q1j18ehv3sjkwpflhwalg9i6k7yc 0 6228 29246 2011-04-02T01:19:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Peter Njeru Ndwiga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Peter Njeru Ndwiga]] osyqsvusa4e62vckj3a0vb6vq1zp30t 0 6229 77426 76868 2021-08-10T02:55:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|kenya]] '''Peter Njeru Ndwiga''' ni Minisitiri ushinzwe Amakoperative n’Amasoko muri [[Kenya]]. [[Category:Abanyakenya]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9t28nh5sw1f8i0bygxzy8bw49kqkgxb 0 6230 29248 2011-04-02T01:23:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Anne-Marie Lizin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Anne-Marie Lizin]] 28l22mv623qiahbt6nsw0hgkgml8gg7 0 6231 81548 78195 2022-01-31T11:06:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madame Anne-Marie Lizin, president of the Belgian Senate, interviewd by Shanita Simmons, Guantanamo.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Anne-Marie Lizin</span>]] '''Anne-Marie Lizin''' (5 Mutarama 1949) ni Senateri mu [[Bubiligi]]. [[Dosiye:Anne_Marie_Lizin_au_Sénat.jpg|thumb|Anne Marie Lizin ]] {{commonscat}} [[Category:Ababiligi]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagore]] sg3r2776jz0v4zx78vbmxaot5ihzvsk 0 6232 29251 2011-04-02T01:28:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Hartwig Fischer]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hartwig Fischer]] lkaniebcdxqllgfl4k41vchf70v6igr 0 6233 81741 79544 2022-01-31T11:36:49Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fischer Hartwig.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Hartwig Fischer</span>]] '''Hartwig Fischer''' (14 Ugushyingo 1948 ) ni Umudepite mu [[Budage]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|center|thumb|420x420px|germany]] [[Dosiye:Hartwig_Fischer_thanks_Matt_Hancock_MP_(30944544780)_(Fischer_cropped).jpg|thumb|Hartwig Fischer ]] [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9rqnkcamli9gkg5dtd0rh6tjel7vpv4 0 6234 29253 2011-04-02T01:31:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Rudolf Decker]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rudolf Decker]] impa7o1xutymupxbqjwzk7pwzfkbw8d 0 6235 79545 77851 2021-10-21T12:31:25Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Flag_of_Germany_(WFB_2004).gif with [[File:Flag_of_Germany_(2004_World_Factbook).gif]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany (2004 World Factbook).gif|thumb|German]] '''Rudolf Decker''' (22 Gicurasi 1934) ni Umudepite mu [[Budage]]. [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] toet1ywnymuudez6tsn00dr7nhjxbjy 0 6236 29257 2011-04-02T01:41:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Mamphela Ramphele]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mamphela Ramphele]] blwpmf49ir54t677fr0eafx16pwzv7j 0 6237 76445 71654 2021-07-26T13:57:28Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mamphela Ramphele, 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Mamphela Ramphele</font>]] Madamu '''Mamphela Ramphele''' (28 Ukuboza 1947) ni Umuyobozi ku cyicaro cya [[Banki y’Isi]]. [[Dosiye:Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg|thumb|Mamphele Ramphele ]] [[Category:Abanyafurika y’epfo]] [[Category:Abagore]] r9alxf9lxir0d9abumkcvgzq56ywnai 0 6241 29274 2011-04-02T09:49:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tanzaniya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tanzaniya]] 6w29ky3uygb2ge1c975wjmsm37dc4ud 0 6242 29278 29277 2011-04-02T09:52:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Afurika y’Epfo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Afurika y’Epfo]] 9yvqxhg49wo1e6g8ct17ufj17gvbv5l 0 6243 29279 2011-04-02T09:53:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Afurika y’Epfo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Afurika y’Epfo]] 9yvqxhg49wo1e6g8ct17ufj17gvbv5l 0 6244 29282 2011-04-02T09:55:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Malesiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Malesiya]] 4s0kkrlcvqfpdsmm0k024fbxpbxn6nw 0 6245 29283 2011-04-02T09:57:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Giyana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Giyana]] 5medzvf9c7v12ogkzymvy9oj8yu19lo 0 6246 29287 2011-04-02T10:33:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Hassan Bubacar Jallow]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hassan Bubacar Jallow]] mym8f72z77dyayx62u1fuli62b4hh4g 0 6247 76220 66967 2021-07-20T21:13:29Z 41.186.78.10 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Bwana '''Hassan Bubacar Jallow''' (1950) ni Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:UN_SG_Office.JPG|thumb|Hassan Bucar Jallow yitabiriye Inama ya bibumbye]] [[Dosiye:Hassan_Jallow_2016.png|thumb|Hassan Bubacar Jallow ]] [[Category:Gambiya]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abagabo]] ficy4yv52iqm2xtxhmext6hyzz0t35u 0 6248 29289 2011-04-02T10:36:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Adama Dieng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adama Dieng]] 9uo5wmnc3jkkt7u4vs4wmtveyvlqjcb 0 6249 78723 71372 2021-08-26T08:14:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UNSG’s Special Advisor on the prevention of Genocide, Adama Dieng speaking to the press in Tshikapa.jpg|thumb|250px|Bwana Adama Dieng]] [[Dosiye:Under_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_With_UN_Special_Adviser_Dieng_(8593739300).jpg|thumb|Adama Dieng]] Bwana '''Adama Dieng''' (22 Gicurasi 1950) ni Umwanditsi Mukuru wa [[Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda]]. [[Category:Abanyasenegali]] [[Category:Abagabo]] g6t2l0mk1w7s0jyvgahcdu0i00syn36 0 6250 29291 2011-04-02T10:38:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Jean-Marie Guéhenno]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jean-Marie Guéhenno]] ngstogqsgz4jovw4di022ok9mrr2mq7 0 6251 78333 70874 2021-08-24T06:55:47Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jean-Marie Guéhenno February 2015.jpg|thumb|Jean-Marie Guéhenno 2015]] [[Dosiye:Jean-Marie_Guehenno_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg|thumb|Jean-Marie Guehenno ]] Bwana '''Jean-Marie Guéhenno''' (30 Ukwakira 1949 ) ni Wungirije Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni akaba ashinzwe « Peace Keeping Operations » [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mp70kxyivndic2ggeveheqr6nsmmorb 0 6252 29293 2011-04-02T10:40:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[K. Y. Amoako]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[K. Y. Amoako]] 5xft2bi48yijgmupr68hqt8jjbgrmjr 0 6253 77138 69426 2021-08-08T01:30:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Board of Trade Journal. London. 1919-12- Vol 103 Index (IA sim great-britain-board-of-trade-board-of-trade-journal 1919-12 103 index).pdf|thumb|346x346px|trade]] Bwana '''Kingsley Y. Amoako''' (1944) ni Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa ECA (''Economic Commission for Africa''). [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Gana]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 9rah7pv2hkeo521r4jzppfp91pn77iv 0 6256 29300 2011-04-02T11:22:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ibara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibara]] 6t4w5te765eqikymmxvz1j7wnphko8j 14 6261 67006 64234 2013-03-11T11:23:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6518894]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] sq904dz9gkd8hdn26lod08x89g9sbgu 0 6262 29312 2011-04-02T11:46:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Iroza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Iroza]] 4zgrdb1a07lv2luiw42yyr0hiqzhia9 0 6263 67005 60511 2013-03-11T11:23:54Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 92 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q34687]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rose Amber Flush 20070601.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ururabo rw’iroza</font>]] [[File:Rose Papa Meilland.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ururabo rw’iroza</font>]] '''Iroza''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Rosa'') ni [[ururabo]] na [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Indabo]] 7of7flpxowvsnf8l4bkc3vll1r2lbf6 0 6264 81643 78739 2022-01-31T11:21:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Souci Calendula officinalis.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Susi</span>]] '''Susi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Calendula officinalis'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''souci'') ni [[ururabo]] na [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Goudsbloem_(Calendula_officinalis)_13-07-2020._(actm.).jpg|thumb|Susi]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Indabo]] 97kgw33q9la37svdgehrmrsmana50wh 0 6265 29319 2011-04-02T12:01:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Susi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Susi]] p57u0wvmxgj4fooudpy72pgvcn6e0re 0 6266 81570 76695 2022-01-31T11:10:19Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Asperges vertes.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Asiperije</span>]] '''Asiperije''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Asparagus officinalis'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : [[Dosiye:C._quinquepunctata.jpg|thumb|Inzuki yonsa uburyohe  buva muri Asiperije]] ''asperge'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 68w24iz1wsirfuho1y4l2bd9adhmncu 0 6267 29321 2011-04-02T12:03:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Asiperije]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Asiperije]] oy424nkpflxww99ehfzh8odwib88ag6 0 6268 81749 78747 2022-01-31T11:38:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Galium odoratum01.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Kayele</span>]] [[Dosiye:Galium_stellatum_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis_(2).jpg|thumb|Kayele]] '''Kayele''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Galium'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''caille-lait'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] ngelu1slsd8bl5yevxmtk92ob5dp99u 0 6269 29323 2011-04-02T12:07:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Kayele]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kayele]] c2kw17po8oy2kykpekwes8lh89ksgyu 0 6270 81761 78752 2022-01-31T11:39:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum0.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Geremili</span>]] '''Geremili''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Lithospermum'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''grémil'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Lithospermum_latifolium.jpg|thumb|Geremili irinoya itararabya]] [[Category:Ibimera]] eic4qxq5mu6t0y2yvngbp1vgdqj2at2 0 6271 29328 2011-04-02T12:41:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Geremili]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Geremili]] pc6lj1pk7ab1mhsy77msa4mqu23in8s 0 6272 81612 78749 2022-01-31T11:16:51Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Peumus_boldus_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-104.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Boldo</span>]] '''Boldo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Peumus boldus'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''boldo'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Peumus_boldus_in_Pelequen_02.JPG|thumb|Boldo]] [[Category:Ibimera]] iwmckzxckrm2fmx49tghh2yuuf87rqp 0 6273 29330 2011-04-02T12:46:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Boldo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Boldo]] ihaj8ti27cpsrdr7mxni3hnoydh6ggg 0 6274 81571 76696 2022-01-31T11:10:28Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Galium odoratum.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Asiperile ihumura</span>]] '''Asiperile ihumura''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Galium odoratum'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''aspérule odorante'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Dosiye:Galium_odoratum_9zz.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Asiperile ihumura</span>]] [[Category:Ibimera]] 5r2rcrxu04g4j7si1plpgi7lh2ziiz6 0 6275 29332 2011-04-02T12:48:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Asiperile ihumura]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Asiperile ihumura]] qj1zhn6btrw2gpqza6jjgt3f7evefea 0 6276 74056 68097 2020-12-05T02:47:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paperbark.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Niyawuli</span>]] [[File:Melaleuca quinquenervia 2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Niyawuli</span>]] [[File:Starr 020803-0116 Melaleuca quinquenervia.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Niyawuli</span>]] [[File:Melaleuca quinquenervia MHNT.BOT.2010.6.61.jpg|thumb|''Melaleuca quinquenervia'']] '''Niyawuli''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Melaleuca quinquenervia'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''niaouli'') ni [[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 4yi7t6qbehsvhicgmqzuonj9f2axml8 0 6277 29335 2011-04-02T12:52:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Niyawuli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Niyawuli]] jckpc4na662qm7mbjfhdypcgvd5pu8s 0 6278 68741 68740 2014-04-04T09:11:22Z Ercé 3460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Romarin jt.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Romarin</font>]] [[File:Rosmarinus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2008.1.19.jpg|thumb|''Rosmarinus officinalis'']] '''Romarin''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Rosmarinus officinalis'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''romarin'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 757oo20melttd2fpgfhmjs3sha6jbj4 0 6279 29337 2011-04-02T12:54:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Romarin]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Romarin]] bgr3ry1pdol8nixgxv4ors4qnhddcmx 0 6280 78736 67050 2021-08-26T09:19:48Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thymian.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ururabo rwa timu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Thymus_sp_Erdemolo_01.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ururabo rwa timu</font>]] '''Timu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Thymus'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''thym'') ni [[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] 0gvdmh4gfkq12ayxfwkyxju14zvhwjt 0 6281 29339 2011-04-02T12:56:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Timu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Timu]] eltzstn1u1co9xdjwh3yk9uuv3mtypg 0 6286 83827 76380 2022-05-19T00:19:34Z BevoLJ 10818 /* Amafoto */ Lint errors: Misnested tag with different rendering in HTML5 and HTML4 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agave americana a-m.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Agave</span>]] '''Agave''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Agave'') ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]] cyunganira cyane abarwaye umwijima, n'abafite ibibazo by'indwara z'uruhu, ndetse n'ibindi. [[Dosiye:Agave_angustifolia_-_Caribbean_agave,_2020-02-01.jpg|thumb|Agave ]] == Amafoto == <gallery perrow="6"> Image:Agave_americana4.jpg|''[[Agave americana]]'' var. ''americana'' Image:Variegated Century Plant -- Agave americana 'Marginata'.jpg|Variegated Century Plant -- ''[[Agave americana]]'' 'Marginata' Image:Agave americana74.jpg|''[[Agave americana]]'' 'Marginata' Image:Agave americana 'Medio-Picta' Plant 3264px.jpg|''[[Agave americana]]'' cv. 'Mediopicta Alba' Image:Agaveespinho2.jpg|''[[Agave angustifolia]]'' 'Marginata' Image:Caribbean Agave (Agave angustifolia) with inflorescence at Secunderabad, AP W IMG 6676.jpg|''[[Agave angustifolia]]'' (flowering) Image:Agave attenuata Pot 2250px.jpg|''[[Agave attenuata]]'' Image:Agave bracteosa.jpg|''[[Agave bracteosa]]'' (spider agave) Image:Agave_deserti_form.jpg|''[[Agave deserti]]'' Image:Agave_filifera01.jpg|''[[Agave filifera]]'' Image:Agave inaequidens ssp barrancensis.jpg|''Agave inaequidens'' ssp. ''barrancensis'' Image:Agave lechuguilla0.jpg|''[[Agave lechuguilla]]'' Image:Agaveespinho1.jpg|''[[Agave lophantha]]'' Image:Agave palmeri.jpg|''[[Agave palmeri]]'' Image:Agave parrasana.jpg|''[[Agave parrasana]]'' (syn. ''Agave wislizeni'' subsp. ''parrasana'') Image:California Cabbage Agave.jpg|''[[Agave parryi]]'' Image:Agave potatorum Kichiokan.jpg|''Agave potatorum'' cv. 'Kichiokan' Image:agave.potatorum.kewgardens.london.arp.jpg|''[[Agave salmiana]]'' Image:Agave_ferox_3.jpg|''[[Agave salmiana]]'' var. ''ferox'' Image:Agave schidigera Durango Delight.jpg|''Agave schidigera'' cv. 'Durango Delight' Image:Agave shawii 1.jpg|''[[Agave shawii]]'' Image:Plantsisal.jpg|''[[Agave sisalana]]'' (sisal) Image:Agave sisalana W IMG_2377.jpg|''[[Agave sisalana]]'' (flowers) Image:Agave stricta Monaco.jpg|''[[Agave stricta]]'' Image:Agave tequilana F.A.C. Weber 2013 cropped.jpg|''[[Agave tequilana]]'' Image:Agave tequilana0.jpg|''[[Agave tequilana]]'' 'Weber's Azul' (tequila agave) Image:Agave utahensis leaves.jpg|''[[Agave utahensis]]'' Image:Agave victoriae-reginae lv 2.jpg|''[[Agave victoriae-reginae]]'' Image:Agave vilmoriniana 2.jpg|''[[Agave vilmoriniana]]'' Image:A133 agave weberi - Flickr - Juan Ignacio 1976.jpg|''[[Agave weberi]]'' Image:Agave xylonacantha 1.jpg|''[[Agave xylonacantha]]'' </gallery> [[Category:Ibimera]] i4lu9p8zaynw4vofloqp8whz13gr5fk 0 6287 77904 70533 2021-08-18T14:40:06Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tanacetum cinerariifolium1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibireti</font>]] '''Ibireti''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Tanacetum cinerariifolium'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''pyrèthre'') ni [[ikimera]] kivamo umuti wica udukoko uva mu ndabo z'umweru n'umuhondo zijya gusa na zimwe bazi ku izina rya [[Marigarita]]. Kubera uwo muti wabyo byashoboye kubaho imyaka n'imyaka byirinda. [[Dosiye:Ibireti_Musanze.jpg|thumb|Ibireti muri Musanze]] [[File:Tanacetum cinerariifolium MHNT.BOT. 2012.10.14.JPG|thumb|''Tanacetum cinerariifolium '']] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Indabo]] dbtj1da24rp1rf9uq46lptr2s1q5v94 0 6288 29371 2011-04-02T13:41:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ibireti]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibireti]] ala9n7ecpnijttbk2kfazwej3lossr6 0 6290 81526 76400 2022-01-31T11:03:32Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aluminium-4.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Aluminiyumu </span>]] '''Aluminiyumu''' ('''Al''' mu magambo ahinnye y’ikilatini; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''aluminium'') [[Dosiye:MITRPAK_aluminum_alloy_housing_2.jpg|thumb|Aluminiyumu]] [[Category:Ubutabire]] eigiwiuegnhei1c1c82wa7pi603kd1h 0 6296 78959 77159 2021-08-30T06:41:54Z Ercé 3460 file wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pied Crow-2.JPG|thumb| Icyiyone (Corvus albus), Etosha National Park, Namibia<ref>[[:File:Pied Crow-2.JPG|File:Pied Crow-2.JPG]]</ref>]] [[Dosiye:Pied crow (Corvus albus) in flight composite.jpg|thumb|ikiyoni]] [[File:Clamator glandarius MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.152.15.jpg|thumb|''Clamator glandarius'' + ''Corvus albus'']] = Intangiriro = <ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/icyiyoni-inyoni-izi-kwihahira-kandi-iramba.hmtl</ref>'''Icyiyoni''' ni [[inyoni]] ijya kuba nini, yirabura, Irangwa n'amabara abiri: Umukara wiganje n'ibara ry'umweru mu gituza, abanyarwanda bagereranya na karuvati. Icyiyoni ni inyoni izwiho kumenya kwihahira kandi iraramba cyane,mu muco w'u Rwanda<ref>http://ralc.gov.rw/index.php?id=112</ref> bakunze kubicamo umugani batebya iyo bashaka kuvugako umuntu ari mukuru cyane bavuga ko afite imyaka nk'iy'icyiyoni. [[File:Un groupe de corbeaux freux juvéniles dans un arbre (11).JPG|thumb|Itsinda ry'ibyiyone (11)<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Un_groupe_de_corbeaux_freux_juv%C3%A9niles_dans_un_arbre_(11).JPG</ref>]] == Indeshyo n' Ibiro by'icyiyone == Iyi nyoni ubusanzwe ireshya na 30cm cyangwa 35. Ishora gupima garama ziri hagari ya 400 na 600 bitewe n’aho yakuriye n’ibyo irya. Tubamenyeshe ko icyiyoni kirya byose. Ibyiyoni tubona mu Rwanda no muri kano karere sibyo byonyine bibaho kuko hari n’ibiba muri Aziya no muri Groenland kandi byo biba ari binini cyane. Umunwa wacyo uba ukomeye kandi ufite ingufu kuko bigifasha kubaga inyama zo kurya no kwica ibikoko runaka nk’imbeba, uruvu, ibiharangara, inzoka n’ibindi. Kubera ko hari amoko menshi y’ibyiyoni, ntuzagire  ngo byose biba bifite amababa y’umweru ku ijosi. Hari ibindi biba bisa n’umukara hose. Kimwe mu bintu abahanga bakundira icyiyoni ni uko kigira uruhare runini mu gusukura aho kiba. Ibyiyoni bikunda kurya imyanda abantu baba bataye cyangwa ishobora kubagiraho ingaruka mbi. == Ibivugwa ku cy'iyone == Hari abantu bavuga ko icyiyoni kiri mu nyoni zizi ‘ubwenge’kurusha izindi kuko kiibasha kwikemurira ibibazo gikoresheje intoki zacyo. Amoko y’ibyiyoni amwe n’amwe abasha kwigana amajwi rukana y’ibikoko cyangwa abantu. Rimwe abahanga bigeze kugerageza ubwenge bw’icyiyoni bagafa intongo y’inyama bayizirika ku mugozi utambitse. Kugira ngo iriya nyoni ibashe kugera kuri iriya nyama yagombaga kugenda hejuru yawo akirinda kugwa kandi igakora ibishoboka byose iriya nyama yagwa. Cyarabikoze kandi ngo nticyari cyarabitojwe mbere. Kizwiho kandi kwiba ibintu runaka kitanakeneye haba mu kubaka icyari cyangwa gukoresha ikindi kintu icyo aricyo cyose. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko  ibyiyoni  bikiri bito bigira amatsiko cyane. Ibyiyoni bikuru bikunda gushishikazwa n’ibintu bibumbabumbye kandi by’umuhondo kuko ngo bituma bitekereza ko byaba ari amagi ya bigenzi byabyo. Ubwo bitegerezaga ibyiyoni mu ishyamba aho byari bituranye n’ibirura, abahanga baje gusanga mu masaha runaka ibyiyoni bijya byigana ibirura iyo biri kumoka  kandi ngo ibi basanze ari uburyo biriya bikoko byombi birushanwamo kuririmba. == Amagi y'icyiyone == Ibyiyoni bitera amagi ahantu hihishe, ahari byanga ko izindi nyoni nini  byazaza kubirira amagi gusa bihura n’akaga k’inzoka hamwe n’ibihangara biyarya iyo hatabayeho kuyacungira umutekano. Iyo bimaze guturaga ariya magi, ibyana bitangira kwiga kuguruka hakiri kare ariko biri kumwe na bya nyina. Ubusanzwe kimwe mu byerekana ko inyoni zatangiye kumenya ubwenge ni uburyo ziguruka kuko bituma zibasha kujya kwishakira icyo kurya. Abahanga baje gusanga ibyiyoni bucana inyuma. Rimwe bigeze kwitegereza icyiyoni k’ikigabo ubwo cyasuraga ikigore gusanga nta kigabo gihari hanyuma kiracyimya!Iyo icyiyoni cyabengutse ikigore mbere yo kubana birabanza bigashaka ikibanza bizubakamo icyari hanyuma bikabona kubana. Kubera ko birya byose, bishaka ikibanza bikurikije ubwinshi bw’ibiryo biboneka mu  karere bituyemo. Ubwinshi cyangwa ubuke bw’ibiribwa nibwo bugena uko ahazahwirwa icyari hazaba hangana. Icyari kiba cyubakishijwe udushami duto tw’ibiti, ibyatsi, imigozi ishishuye ku biti ndetse n’icyondo. Mu gice cy’imbere haba hashashemo ibyatsi byoroshye, amababa ndetse n’ubwoya bw’inyamaswa runaka. Gutera amagi biba mu mpera ya Gashyantare kandi ibyiyoni bitera amagi ari hagati y’atatu n’arindwi. Ibyana bita bya nyina bikajya kwibeshaho nyuma y’iminsi 45.Ubusanzwe abahanga bemeza ko icyiyoni iyo cyorowe aribwo kiramba kuko gishobora kumara imyaka 40 ariko iyo kiba mu gasozi ntikirenza imyaka hagati ya 13 na 15. == Ishakiro == [[Category:Inyoni]] 7yk3r8lnnrqj1kojqe6zemgrtkr705e 0 6298 29394 2011-04-02T14:42:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inigwahabiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inigwahabiri]] erikplttssbrfh6xqgt6rsw2jlj18x8 14 6299 67078 62041 2013-03-11T11:25:47Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457013]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] mqanx0u9zpvsp7lrrlyax7wmeh3j8mi 0 6300 81580 78882 2022-01-31T11:11:54Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bluegreen algae.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Bagiteri</span>]] '''Bagiteri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Bacteria'') [[Dosiye:Microscopes (11948443483).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|igikoresho bifashisha bareba Bacteria]] [[Category:Bagiteri| ]] lcp4u9d8nnn3ee3ab5bz51vunyebmzz 0 6301 29401 2011-04-02T14:56:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Bagiteri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bagiteri]] 77glzi9kfn2z2s68s8yu52kpg8ty7d9 0 6302 77357 76719 2021-08-09T20:34:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red Apple.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Pome </font>]] [[Dosiye:Apple_Pink_Lady.jpg|thumb|Pome]] '''Pome''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Malus domestica'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]]: ''pomme'' ) ni [[igiti]], [[urubuto]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. Uru rubuto rwa pome ruba mu muryango w'ibimera witwa ''Rosaceae''. Pome ni urubuto ruzwi cyane mu ngere mberabyombi cyane cyane ku Mugabane w’[[Uburayi]], aho abaturage bamaze igihe kirekire barurya, naho bimwe mu bihugu by’[[Afurika]] nk’u [[Rwanda]] bikaba bibonye izi mbuto vuba, ndetse zikaba zigihenze cyane. Nubwo usanga igiciro cyazo kiri hejuru usanga ari zimwe mu mbuto zikunzwe na benshi cyane ku isi, naho muri Afurika zigakundwa n’abifite. Ahanini usanga izi mbuto zikundirwa kuba zikungahaye kuri Vitamini C. Aya makuru avuga ko muri garama 100 z’urubuto rwa pome, habamo ubushobozi bwa anti oxidant, bungana n’ubwa garama 1500 za [[vitamini C]] ibonetse mu zindi mbuto cyangwa ishobora gutangwa nk’umuti kwa muganga. Aya makuru avuga ko atari byiza guhata uru rubuto rwa pome mbere yo kururya, kuko igishishwa cy’inyuma ari cyo gikungahaye cyane muri vitamini C kurusha uduce tw’imbere. Aya makuru akomeza avuga ko nibura byakabaye byiza umuntu ashoboye kurya urubuto rumwe rwa pome ku munsi, ibi bishobora gutuma atagira ibibazo bikomoka ku kurya ibinyamavuta byinshi binakungahaye kuri ''cholesterol''. == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033951/http://www.izuba.org.rw/index.php?issue=506&article=20194 Pomme ni rumwe mu mbuto zihagazeho ku ntungamubiri] * [http://www.igihe.com/news-8-15-8618.html Urubuto rwa pome (pomme, apple) n`ibyiza byarwo] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[de:Kulturapfel#Früchte]] k5cmoajfildycnrwthrfxnnuab5dxrq 0 6303 29406 2011-04-02T15:07:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Pome]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pome]] 4h9lt1uydt585d9hop6msd08fsguodf 0 6305 29410 29409 2011-04-02T15:21:51Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Duriyani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Duriyani]] gjnk26czxoxor51igcc2pplzwuja2g2 0 6307 29424 2011-04-02T15:45:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inzovu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inzovu]] 338lvrmlqe7jmr75gcamzzmw0c6f1dx 14 6312 70162 68306 2015-08-03T05:34:15Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6163581]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[hu:Kategória:Büntetés-végrehajtás]] [[zh:Category:執法機構]] 9bg84mcoe628x9b85h5yve26h9qxq8k 14 6330 68109 67945 2013-06-28T12:58:27Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q1458429]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ahantu]] 5jsqgzma40zzgpg80wtjfmz5svkq1k1 14 6331 67671 62817 2013-04-02T19:10:04Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 43 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7481476]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] 7xhd8c6u7k4kk2xidcydinaw8wxfx1x 14 6333 67672 62925 2013-04-02T19:10:05Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 54 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7215567]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyubako]] n3hkhdly7321anaak1iykrtihfe3egg 0 6334 76510 67125 2021-07-27T10:36:25Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Karisimbi2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Karisimbi</font>]] '''Ikirunga cya Karisimbi''' (cyangwa '''Kalisimbi''') ni [[umusozi]] muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira]] [[Dosiye:Karisimbi.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Karisimbi</font> ]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Demokarasi ya Kongo]] n’u [[Rwanda]]. [[Category:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Rwanda]] 2plqlv0ec9pb59yxefqgrj9swb292ny 14 6335 67670 57685 2013-04-02T19:10:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 20 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7293693]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi]] [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] q8thzrmxgu62jygaglg7vqowql2g8xx 0 6336 29526 2011-04-02T19:44:12Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umusozi wa Karisimbi]] to [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]] mr1zyvzsxyep8ulznl493n3u01t14qc 0 6337 76509 67126 2021-07-27T10:33:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikirunga cya Bisoke''' ni [[ikirunga]]. [[Dosiye:Volcano_Bisoke.jpg|thumb|Ikirunga cya Bisoke]] Ikirunga cya Bisoke kiri muri pariki nasiyonali y'u [[Rwanda]] na pariki natiyonali ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Rwanda]] bk9lc5mdo9369yepqkn05ddz1uz62mf 14 6338 67129 63305 2013-03-11T11:26:51Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 17 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6523863]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] hpifx4uyyedjwjfmy46cs88e3v8fxfm 14 6339 29534 2011-04-02T19:56:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Created page with "[[Category:Imisozi y’u Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi y’u Rwanda]] 1c0qmmr8nm6navg8c0yir2fo4zqfypw 0 6340 67103 62809 2013-03-11T11:26:20Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 132 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8072]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DenglerSW-Stromboli-20040928-1230x800.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikirunga</font>]] '''Ikirunga''' ni [[umusozi]]. == Ibirunga bya Rwanda == * [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi]] * [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke]] * [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura]] * [[Ikirunga cya Gahinga]] * [[Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo]] == Ibirunga by’Amahanga == * [[Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira]] * [[Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo]] [[Category:Ibirunga]] cyd90usfza6mroc7qcsgg7zqzr3p6uq 14 6341 68121 67895 2013-07-04T00:44:16Z MerlIwBot 1920 Roboti Ikurwaho: [[is:Flokkur:Eldfjöll]] (strong connection between (2) [[rw:Category:Ibirunga]] and [[is:Flokkur:Eldstöðvar]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imisozi]] seauy3msosi09ouhfowulv29meqq7ox 0 6342 76511 67104 2021-07-27T10:44:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira - PIA03337.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira</font>]] '''Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira''' ni [[ikirunga]] muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. [[Dosiye:Volcano_Nyamulagira_-_Virunga_National_Park_(21062476475).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira</font>]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] h2ujnf1f5jh76yb5wu5c9case7txw5j 0 6344 67106 48995 2013-03-11T11:26:22Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q543030]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GahingaMuhabura.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibirunga bya Gahinga (''i bumoso'') na Muhabura (iburyo)</font>]] '''Ikirunga cya Muhabura''' ni [[ikirunga]] mu [[Rwanda]] n’[[Ubugande]]. [[Category:Ibirunga bya Rwanda]] 0bl4jkrx5wai5cnsb08t8x6hzy5uifm 0 6345 76513 67105 2021-07-27T10:50:43Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GahingaMuhabura.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibirunga bya Gahinga (''i bumoso'') na Muhabura (iburyo)</font>]] '''Ikirunga cya Gahinga''' ni [[ikirunga]] mu [[Rwanda]] n’[[Ubugande]]. [[Dosiye:The_scenery_of_Gahinga_volcano_in_Volcanoes_National_Park.jpg|thumb|Ibirunga bya Gahinga muri Parike y'Ibirunga]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Rwanda]] rduk2wl9hnx9hx4w7dud9dn5e48xf6i 0 6346 76512 67107 2021-07-27T10:46:42Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sabyinyo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo</font>]] '''Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo''' ni [[ikirunga]] muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Rwanda]] n’[[Ubugande]]. [[Dosiye:Sabyinyo_volcanoe_view_from_Kinigi_sector,_Musanze_district,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo</font>]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Ibirunga bya Rwanda]] nyp3geaj8wjyhvlecdj4mpqb6xwbjl7 14 6347 67732 63089 2013-04-13T08:50:40Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 127 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7216108]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ikoranabuhanga]] 4h2u7g6uha6w4fjjwamuufpj9xplnou 0 6348 29562 2011-04-02T21:52:52Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umupira w’Amaguru]] to [[Umupira w’amaguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umupira w’amaguru]] mq5yxqrhw6zok83eagx1xc28tc1bnzj 0 6349 81593 72812 2022-01-31T11:13:55Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umupira w’agatebo</span>]] '''Umupira w’agatebo''' cyangwa '''Basiketi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''basketball'' ) ni [[umukino]]. [[File:Basketball_clipart_hoop.png|thumb|Basketball clipart hoop]] [[File:NBA_Africa_dedication_of_the_new_Boys_&_Girls_Club_in_Soweto_and_the_following_reception_at_the_US_Consulate_in_Johannesburg._(20366703285).jpg|thumb|NBA Africa dedication of the new Boys &#x26; Girls Club in Soweto and the following reception at the US Consulate in Johannesburg. (20366703285)]] [[Category:Umupira w’agatebo| ]] b0jn8bfsxqayq7emacgpplft0vi4tnp 0 6350 29568 2011-04-02T21:58:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umupira w’agatebo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umupira w’agatebo]] l6di8b8kolyrmmzta6oj3cx05r690a1 14 6351 67781 64124 2013-04-13T09:48:56Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 85 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q7021007]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imikino]] dgnkc1oribtc7utvbyn0qg9j1j88o46 0 6352 72813 67077 2020-08-04T14:53:10Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Handball 07.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umupira w’intoke</font>]] '''Umupira w’intoke''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''handball'' ) ni [[umukino]]. [[File:Image-Volleyball_WC_2006_Poland_pre-semifinal-2.jpg|thumb|365x365px|Image-Volleyball WC 2006 Poland pre-semifinal-2]] [[Category:Umupira w’intoke| ]] 4qmrq5axmglubzznksekfoajk874bbt 14 6353 67783 53669 2013-04-13T09:50:40Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 58 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6454113]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imikino]] dgnkc1oribtc7utvbyn0qg9j1j88o46 14 6354 75268 68657 2021-03-27T12:13:55Z 217.155.62.84 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imikino]] nmr9jphi8tfsw3drqat7zewdtbjoevv 0 6355 76471 72814 2021-07-26T19:55:52Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2009 Women's British Open - Vicky Hurst (18).jpg|thumb|Umupira w’agakoni]] '''Umupira w’agakoni''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''golf'' ) ni [[umukino]]. [[Dosiye:2008_LPGA_Championship_-_Morgan_Pressel_tee_shot_1.jpg|thumb|Umupira w’agakoni]] [[File:Golf_Golfer.jpg|thumb|Golf Golfer]] [[Category:Umupira w’agakoni| ]] 2i2spaxxivnsa2wr8j1ulam20aatvi5 14 6356 67667 61574 2013-04-02T19:09:41Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 61 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7216084]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imikino]] dgnkc1oribtc7utvbyn0qg9j1j88o46 0 6357 30497 29590 2011-04-05T06:56:33Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umukino]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukino]] o0ktd4wkeatx2ea64mmtk1jubgu2mcq 0 6358 76472 67080 2021-07-26T20:05:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tim Henman Wimbledon 2005 1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umupira w’agakoni</font>]] '''Tenisi''' cyangwa '''Itenesi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''tennis'' ) ni [[umukino]]. [[Dosiye:Sharon_Fichman_(48036113713).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Umupira w’agakoni</font>]] [[Category:Tenisi| ]] n1u0y6ythtmr7pnxn1io7ipum1q7kbq 0 6359 29595 2011-04-02T22:28:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tenisi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tenisi]] 3mcq8owg4xjhk399chp67cc43b1o4so 14 6360 67054 63517 2013-03-11T11:25:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 90 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5325416]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imikino]] dgnkc1oribtc7utvbyn0qg9j1j88o46 14 6361 67053 62254 2013-03-11T11:25:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 168 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457982]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuryango]] 4ctyfv3g7fcjuyim0c7pam2bdzxyc8p 0 6362 81562 76816 2022-01-31T11:09:05Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Artischocketoskana.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Aritisho</span>]] [[Dosiye:Artichaut_Gros_vert_de_Laon_01.jpg|thumb|Aritisho mumurima]] '''Aritisho''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Cynara scolymus'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''artichaut'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. Inyowe ari nyinshi ibyimbisha inda ikanabangamira imikorere y’amara. Itera kwihagarika neza, igatera agasabo k’indurwe k’umwijima kuvubura neza indurwe, kandi izwi cyane kubera ko yongerera umwijima imbaraga. [[Dosiye:Cynara_scolymus_in_Jardin_botanique_de_la_Charme_01.jpg|thumb|Aritisho mumurima]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] gch9rjv9c5errvj64gqg58ksm3eoj6m 0 6363 29614 2011-04-02T22:54:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Aritisho]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aritisho]] 515ew6980dzsoyy5ewruimpgpxsjqlt 0 6364 29616 2011-04-02T22:54:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishu]] 2sfq2imde7sdvxzhj9t1qb39qu80l6d 0 6365 29620 2011-04-02T22:56:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitunguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitunguru]] kpqv91ftwjmr4g3k25somz5qkj19s0w 0 6366 29622 2011-04-02T22:58:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inyanya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyanya]] ijldw9kcgw6pxxs8atpgy53w5mfxrn8 0 6367 76820 76348 2021-08-02T18:38:55Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bright red tomato and cross section02.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inyanya</font>]] [[Dosiye:Münster, Wochenmarkt -- 2017 -- 2328.jpg|thumb|inyanya ziri ku giti]] [[Dosiye:Tomates_cerises_FR_2012.jpg|thumb|Inyanya ziri ku giti]] '''Inyanya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Solanum lycopersicum'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] eygsov35k5dzjqoazgccdzy1j4tqwy8 14 6368 67367 63522 2013-03-14T06:00:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 83 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7134776]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] m6botgfsk0tu94zp06mph6j202300hj 0 6369 29625 2011-04-02T23:02:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Puwavuro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Puwavuro]] 7k54i3gshchvfk9jzeyry5hy0pfxure 0 6370 81648 70551 2022-01-31T11:22:25Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Poivrons Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Puwavuro</span>]] '''Puwavuro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Capsicum annuum'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''poivron'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] lefx9zvvxyeq7ny934h93anc67aokc1 0 6372 29630 2011-04-02T23:16:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Epinari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Epinari]] iy56weirqwdz1zxf17ubhni6elr7rm9 0 6373 81720 76817 2022-01-31T11:33:31Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Spinacia oleracea Spinazie bloeiend.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Epinari</span>]] [[Dosiye:Flowers_of_Passiflora_edulis.jpg|thumb|Indabyo za Epinari]] '''Epinari''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Spinacia oleracea'' ; izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''épinard'' ) ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Imboga]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 6qe7rxpxdcdlepgtthpbmu97g944wdv 0 6374 79192 67665 2021-08-31T11:41:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Légumes 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Imboga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Münster,_Wochenmarkt_--_2015_--_7402.jpg|thumb|Imboga]] '''Imboga''' ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Imboga| ]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] jg243otqtro91gg6l1b8w5j8is39in8 14 6375 67364 62972 2013-03-14T06:00:17Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 45 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7074420]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Mali]] [[Category:Umuntu]] gsbsgjgklyng122gl4h1yhip97wt074 14 6376 67365 63823 2013-03-14T06:00:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 48 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6993831]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Senegali]] [[Category:Umuntu]] at5qe6ruuu7uk5f85s5l1v2lqvba4mg 14 6377 67366 62893 2013-03-14T06:00:18Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 79 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7031845]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Turukiya]] [[Category:Umuntu]] qctnswb94xfbl8xfw1asu7fwwn3uvwk 14 6378 67030 64046 2013-03-11T11:24:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6155842]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|People of Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 48tgv22pys6578om4pzigkc05mjr58x 14 6379 67363 62934 2013-03-14T06:00:14Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 35 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7061676]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Gineya]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 4jogj35tlr63obme8lvvrmvt6l9xgn7 14 6380 67362 62539 2013-03-14T06:00:03Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6995347]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 8rqi4kfk3mgy0nwzwz2ixnxixxv51qn 14 6381 73364 67368 2020-09-26T18:20:37Z Deborahjay 6702 lower-level category; sort to display alphabetically wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubugande]] [[Category:Abantu hashingiwe k'ubwenegihugu|Gande]] 0ye5doxf3dk3a1h3xts9ifnausb9fa8 14 6382 67663 61597 2013-04-02T19:09:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 72 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8396660]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Kamere]] 0kgs04bskldsl3dp2mrg6z6bdf2mbwc 0 6385 29713 2011-04-03T02:24:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuyapani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuyapani]] 4ic44q2si1o4karqnc6e60t9mj31saw 0 6386 29726 2011-04-03T02:40:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Tayilande]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tayilande]] j2lmtmu2c6ope0w55m6b564096ycgzq 0 6387 29767 29766 2011-04-03T10:47:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuhinde]] 8zwdltg01cyk4f1nse53qvi1ue49rfk 0 6388 29769 2011-04-03T10:48:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubuhinde]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuhinde]] 8zwdltg01cyk4f1nse53qvi1ue49rfk 0 6410 29841 2011-04-03T14:01:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 6411 29845 2011-04-03T14:07:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Sinizite]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sinizite]] lzbobf1w9wegbcdpt725o6erf7995g4 14 6416 67668 61565 2013-04-02T19:09:55Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 38 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7214357]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Indwara]] msiwx9wegmtgz1lsa0uopf0oq9qhk3i 0 6417 29862 2011-04-03T15:03:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuneke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuneke]] miu1u2m32lp1k69j4fedmqpoq7ccrjo 0 6418 29864 2011-04-03T15:04:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishaza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishaza]] 9ptxmfbetquyws1izr4iuxs2d9hl5rz 0 6421 81789 78357 2022-01-31T11:44:14Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Soybean.USDA.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Soya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Glycine_max_003.JPG|thumb|Soya]] '''Soya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Glycine max'') ni [[ikimera]] n’[[ikiribwa]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] gcpibhst3ii6a5oe4y5m383qwh8wlbt 0 6422 29872 2011-04-03T15:28:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Soya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soya]] thbqjsff07y9g8ozxy8x3qs8tiflzj0 0 6423 78714 74118 2021-08-26T07:20:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Limio u0.gif|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Indagara</span>]] '''Indagara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Limnothrissa miodon'') ni ubwoko bw’[[amasamaki]] buhendutse buboneka mu [[Rwanda]] no mu Burundi!!! [[Dosiye:3diplos.jpg|thumb|Indagara]] [[Category:Amafi]] e6zxi895sa3zy05w1uf332gvxeehqvl 0 6424 29876 2011-04-03T15:38:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Indagara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indagara]] peqv3vcm7zout2e80q8m9qxzntbwk35 0 6427 76843 67024 2021-08-02T19:14:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ugali and cabbage.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ugali n’amashaka</font>]] [[Dosiye:AFRICAN_FOOD_(TANZANIA).jpg|thumb|Ubugari hamwe nuturishyo]] '''Ubugari''' cyangwa '''Ubugali''', '''Ugali''' ni [[ibiryo]]. Ubugari bw’[[imyumbati]] ntibugaragaramo intungamubiri zihagije. Aya makuru avuga ko ubusanzwe imyumbati ubwayo igira intungamubiri zitandukanye, ariko kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwo gukora ubugari, bisaba ko ibanza gutonorwa ikinikwa ikanumishwa ku zuba. Ibi bituma nta gishya umubiri ushobora gukura mu bugari bitewe n’inzira zose bucamo kugira ngo bube bwagerwa ku rwego rwo kuribwa. Nk’uko aya makuru akomeza abivuga, ngo mu gihe urebye, nko ku byubaka umubiri (''proteins'') usanga ubugari bubonekamo bike cyane ku buryo ntacyo byapfa kungura umubiri. Ibitera imbaraga nabyo ni ikindi gikenerwa mu mubiri, ariko usanga nabyo ari bike cyane mu bugari. [[Category:Ibiribwa]] mwux7occj2potai20a5vb75i6vttw6m 0 6428 77637 76823 2021-08-14T17:04:15Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Primus_Logo_172206.jpg|thumb|Ikirangantego cya Pirimusi]] [[Dosiye:Verre_à_bière_Primus_Haacht_pils.jpg|thumb|Pirimusi n'ikinyobwa kinyobwa n'atari bake ku isi ndetse n'abanyarwanda barimo.]] Inzoga y’'''Pirimusi''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] na [[gifaransa]]: ''Primus'' ) ni [[inzoga]]. [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] n3cx1e1k5161ol38rpnznem6nghmq54 0 6429 29912 2011-04-03T16:56:12Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ugali]] to [[Ubugari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugari]] l3d99ng6yqq08hyjz0qew1lm198e8ef 0 6430 29915 2011-04-03T16:57:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubugari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugari]] 22ec16vuo8xztqb5kzhf3q1kxn1xm18 0 6431 29932 2011-04-03T18:04:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitoki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitoki]] gjnud4i770fjc4g5ir353iuagap2mw2 0 6432 29935 2011-04-03T18:07:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitoki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitoki]] gjnud4i770fjc4g5ir353iuagap2mw2 0 6433 29936 2011-04-03T18:07:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitoki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitoki]] gjnud4i770fjc4g5ir353iuagap2mw2 0 6434 29958 2011-04-03T19:14:25Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umubilizi]] to [[Umubirizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubirizi]] pdzocfu99a1rk43utz8dw7sjotoke90 0 6435 78929 78839 2021-08-29T19:02:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sheep lounging in the shade of a tree with matriarch standing guard.jpg|thumb|intama ]] [[Dosiye:Transhumance moutons chèvres Lille 19 mai 2019 Lamiot d 22.jpg|thumb|ihene]] '''Itungo''' (''ubuke'' : '''Amatungo''' ) == Intama n’ihene == [[Dosiye:Susya-goats-farm--dairy---daroma_28703517684_o_17.jpg|thumb|Amatungo magufi afasha abaturage kwiteza imbere (ihene)]] Ihene n’intama zifatwa nk’inka z’abakene kubera ko zitanga inyama, amata , impu n’imyenda bihagije ku byo umworozi aba acyeneye iwe, binashobotse akaba yasagurira isoko kubisigaye. Hari impamvu nyinshi ziri nyamanswa ziboneye kurusha inka k’uborozi bato. Zirahendutse muu kuzigura kandi kuzibona ziroroshye kurusha inka. *zibyara vuba, kandi kenshi n’abana benshi *zitanga ingano y’inyama, amata, impu, imyenda icungikwa mu kuribwa cyangwa kugurisha. Zifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubaho zirya ibiryo bibi no mu gihe gito. *zimenyereza byoroshye ku myaka no kuyandi matungo *ubuto bwazo butuma byorohera abagore n’abana kuzicunga. Aya matungo kandi atuma uzigama ukaninjiza muburyo bworoshye. Aho aborozi batagera ku ma banki, ihene n’intama ni ishoramari ribarinda kugwa mu bukene. == Amoko y’amatungo== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Amoko !!Itariki!! Ahantu !! Purpose |- |- |valign="top"| [[Imbwa]]</br>(''Canis lupus familiaris'') |15,000 BC <ref name="dog">en:Origin of the domestic dog</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika y’uburasizuba ]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, inyama, transportation |- |valign="top"| [[Intama]]</br>(''Ovis orientalis aries'') |between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC<ref>Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</ref><ref name="storey">Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southwest Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|wool, inyama, amata, leather, vellum |- |valign="top"| [[Ingurube]]</br>(''Sus scrofa domestica'') |9000 BC<ref>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). </ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, leather, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Ihene]]</br>(''Capra aegagrus hircus'') |8000 BC <ref>Melinda A. Zeder, [http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Irani]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, inyama |- |valign="top"| [[Inka]]</br>(''Bos primigenius taurus'') captive-bred |8000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt. |url=http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html], {{fr icon}}.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Middle East]] na [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |- |valign="top"|[[Zebu]]</br>(''Bos primigenius indicus'') |8000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Ubuhinde | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |valign="top"| [[Injangwe]]</br>(''Felis silvestris catus'') |7500 BC <ref>''[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html]'', domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus | url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html | accessdate = 2007-03-06 |date=2004-04-08 | publisher = National Geographic News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Hazel |last=Muir |title=Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |date=2004-04-08 |accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Marsha|last=Walton |title=Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |publisher=CNN |date= April 9, 2004|accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]] | style="text-align:center;"|pest control, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Inkoko]]</br>(''Gallus gallus domesticus'') |6000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1079/WPS19890012 |author=West B., Zhou B-X. |title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication |journal=World’s Poultry Science Journal |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=205–18 |year=1989 |format=PDF |url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2004-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040729044604/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] and [[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"| inyama, amagi, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Guinea pig]]</br>(''Cavia porcellus'') |5000 BC<ref>[http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ ''History of the Guinea Pig'' (Cavia porcellus) ''in Amerika y’Epfo, a summary of the current state of knowledge'']</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Indogoba]]</br>(''Equus africanus asinus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beja-Pereira, Albano, ''et al.'' |title=African Origins of the Domestic Donkey |journal=Science |volume=304 |issue=1781 |date=18 June 2004 |laysummary=[http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6032 ''New Scientist'']}}</ref><reseoger h, {{PDFlink|''[http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]''|235&nbsp;KB}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Igishuhe]]</br>(''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic buffalo|Water buffalo]]</br>(''Bubalus bubalis'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Uruyuki]]</br>(''Apis spp.'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Multiple places | style="text-align:center;"|honey, pollination, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Ifarashi ]]</br>(''Equus ferus caballus'') |4000 BC<ref>[http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html The Domestication of the Horse]; see also [[Domestication of the horse]]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Eurasian Steppes]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, transportation, muscle, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Dromedary Camel]]</br>(''Camelus dromedarius'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arabiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, amata, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Silkworm]]</br>(''Bombyx mori'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|silk, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Reindeer]]</br>(''Rangifer tarandus'') |3000 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestication of Reindeer |url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2009-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042918/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Uburusiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic pigeon|Rock pigeon]]</br>(''Columba livia'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, messenger, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic goose|Goose]]</br>(''Anser anser domesticus'') |3000 BC <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V6200T/v6200T0n.htm Geese: the underestimated species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat, feathers, guarding |- |valign="top"|[[Yak]]</br>(''Bos grunniens'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Tibeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, muscle, inyama, wool |- |valign="top"|[[Bactrian camel]]</br>(''Camelus bactrianus'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Lama]]</br>(''Lama glama'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1">D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. ''[http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]''</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Alpaca]]</br>(''Vicugna pacos'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, wool, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Helmeted Guineafowl|Guineafowl]]</br>(''Numida meleagris'') |2400 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinea Fowl |url=http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623052252/http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amagi |- |valign="top"|[[Asian Elephant]]</br>(''Elephas maximus'') |2000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Pakisitani]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, transportation |- |valign="top"|[[Ferret]]</br>(''Mustela putorius furo'') |1500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy mouse]]</br>(''Mus musculus'') |1100 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fallow Deer]]</br>(''Dama dama'') |1000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Muscovy Duck]]</br>(''Cairina moschata'') |700–600 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Amerika y’Epfo]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Cochineal Insect]]</br>(''Oactylopius coccus'') |700–500 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shili]], [[Megizike]] | style="text-align:center;"|red dye |- |valign="top"|[[Indian Peafowl]]</br>(''Pavo cristatus'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, feathers, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Barbary Dove]]</br>(''Streptopelia risoria'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|show |- |valign="top"|[[Banteng]]</br>(''Bos javanicus'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]], [[Java]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Gayal]]</br>(''Bos gaurus frontalis'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Mandarin Duck]]</br>(''Aix galericulata'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fat |- |valign="top"|[[Dendo]]</br>(''Meleagris gallopavo'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Stingless Bee]]</br>(''Melipona beecheii'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Amazon Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|honey |- |valign="top"|[[Goldfish]]</br>(''Carassius auratus auratus'') |300–400 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Urukwavu]]</br>(''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') |600 <ref>[http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html Interesting Rabbit Domestication History]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fur, felt, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Mute Swan]]</br>(''Cygnus olor'') |1000–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"| |- |valign="top"|[[Japanese Quail]]</br>(''Coturnix japonica'') |1100–1900 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuyapani]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Common carp]]</br>(''Cyprinus carpio'') |1200–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]], [[East Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, show (koi) |- |valign="top"|[[Canary]]</br>(''Serinus canaria'') |1600 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Canary Islands]], [[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy rat]]</br>(''Rattus norvegicus'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubwongereza]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Burayian Mink]]</br>(''Mustela lutreola'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur |- |valign="top"|[[Budgerigar]]</br>(''Melopsittacus undulatus'') |1850s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Cockatiel]]</br>(''Nymphicus hollandicus'') |1870s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Zebra Finch]]</br>(''Taeniopygia guttata'') |20th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Hamster]]</br>(''Mesocricetus auratus'') |1930s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Siriya]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship, research |- |valign="top"|[[Domesticated silver fox]]</br>(''Vulpes vulpes'') |1950s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur, research |- |valign="top"|[[Muskox]]</br>(''Ovibos moschatus'') |1960s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |} == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Amatungo]] lejlpl2v4qih1vyqiy5ko7tu0zxziww 0 6436 29982 2011-04-03T20:46:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Itungo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itungo]] rwsc6v3cynyk51c08hivtgfdt3dq382 0 6438 76522 75033 2021-07-27T11:41:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Collage of Six Cats-02.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Injangwe</span>]] '''Injangwe''' (Felis catus) ni ubwoko bw’inyamabere z’inyamabere ntoya. Ni bwo bwoko bwonyine bwororerwa mu muryango wa Felidae kandi bakunze kwitwa injangwe yo mu rugo kugira ngo butandukane n’abanyamashyamba bo mu muryango. Injangwe irashobora kuba injangwe yo munzu, injangwe yumurima cyangwa injangwe isanzwe; ibyanyuma bigenda byisanzuye kandi birinda guhura nabantu. Injangwe zo mu rugo zihabwa agaciro nabantu kubusabane nubushobozi bwabo bwo guhiga imbeba. Ubwoko bwinjangwe bugera kuri 60 buramenyekana mubyanditswe bitandukanye. [[Dosiye:BEN_Bengalian_kitten_(4492540155).jpg|thumb|Injangwe]] Injangwe isa na anatomiya nandi moko ya felid: ifite umubiri ukomeye uhindagurika, refleks yihuse, amenyo atyaye hamwe ninzara zishobora gukururwa zahujwe no kwica umuhigo muto. Iyerekwa ryayo nijoro no kumva impumuro nziza. Itumanaho ryinjangwe ririmo amajwi nko gutema, gutobora, gushimisha, gutontoma, gutontoma no gutontoma kimwe nururimi rwihariye rwinjangwe. Inyamanswa ikora cyane mugitondo na nimugoroba, injangwe ni umuhigi wenyine ariko ubwoko bwimibereho. Irashobora kumva amajwi acogoye cyangwa hejuru cyane mugihe cyamatwi yabantu, nkayakozwe nimbeba nandi matungo magufi. Isohora kandi ikamenya feromone. Injangwe zo mu rugo z’abagore zirashobora kugira inyana kuva mu mpeshyi kugeza mu mpeshyi, hamwe nubunini bwimyanda akenshi buva hagati yinjangwe ebyiri. Injangwe zo mu rugo zororerwa kandi zikerekanwa mu birori nk'injangwe zanditswemo, zikunda kwitwa injangwe. Kunanirwa kugenzura ubworozi bw’injangwe z’inyamanswa mu gutera no gutembera, ndetse no gutererana amatungo, byatumye umubare munini w’injangwe zororerwa ku isi, bigira uruhare mu kuzimangana kw'inyoni zose, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, n'ibikururuka hasi, kandi bituma abantu bagenzura. Injangwe zororerwa bwa mbere mu burasirazuba bwo hafi ahagana mu 7500 mbere ya Yesu. Byari bimaze igihe kinini bitekerezwa ko gutunga injangwe byatangiriye muri Egiputa ya kera, kuko kuva nko mu 3100 mbere ya Yesu byahawe injangwe muri Egiputa ya kera. == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] n6cwggu002pry32afy271xeipblm5t0 0 6439 29995 2011-04-03T22:12:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Injangwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Injangwe]] eojnpdq45855gvdnkoy5or2sokqt3j0 0 6440 29996 2011-04-03T22:13:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Injangwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Injangwe]] eojnpdq45855gvdnkoy5or2sokqt3j0 0 6443 30002 2011-04-03T22:53:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] 2hb80m45vmzw03w9nuso3oc9x5u8okj 0 6444 30005 2011-04-03T23:39:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] 2co82dyxui33igtp5d5vgiszaq41jw4 0 6445 81722 79162 2022-01-31T11:33:50Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix obsolete tag(s) using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cropped rte-2.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</span>]] [[Dosiye:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_2018_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] '''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan''' (26 Gashyantare 1954) ni Minisitiri w’intebe wa [[Turukiya]] n’[[umunyapolitiki]] wo mw’[[Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere (muri Turukiya)|Ishyaka ry’Ubukiranutsi n’Amajyambere]]. Yavukiye i [[Istanbul]] muri Turukiya taliki ya 26 Gashyantare 1954. [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Abaturukiya]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 0w4mbyiu8ad3gz0vgyrmn8ftyiv1l5i 0 6446 30027 2011-04-04T01:07:49Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Imikino]] to [[Umukino]]: from pluralium to singularium wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukino]] o0ktd4wkeatx2ea64mmtk1jubgu2mcq 0 6455 77618 67000 2021-08-14T15:21:37Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bacteria_photomicrograph.jpg|thumb|'''''Herminiimonas glaciei''' ni ubwoko bwa Bacteri'']] [[Dosiye:C0293233-Oral_bacteria.jpg|thumb|'''''Herminiimonas glaciei''''' bacteria]] '''''Herminiimonas glaciei''''' ni ubwoko bwa [[bagiteri]] abo bahanga bakimara kutubona . [[Category:Bagiteri]] c7sb8zcg1mgwkk7hlp3svf8dsvjtq1e 0 6456 77369 68901 2021-08-10T00:41:25Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Turkey]] '''Kaymakam''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]]: ''kaymakam'' ; izina mu [[cyarabu]] : '''قائم مقام ‎''') ni umuyobozi mukuru w’akarere muri [[Turukiya]] na [[Libani]]. [[Category:Turukiya]] tijzpudpg7xw2il92u4qf3z7pdafp09 0 6459 78660 77276 2021-08-26T03:19:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Amapingu yurukundo.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Filimi Amapingu y’urukundo </span>]] Filimi '''Amapingu y’urukundo''' ni filimi mu [[kinyarwanda]] iya [[Roots Production Cooperative]]. [[Dosiye:Long-Love-Story.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|urukundo rurababaza kandi rura ryoha cyane]] == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=123&cat=17&storyid=3498 Filimi Amapingu y'urukundo igiye gushyirwa ahagaragara] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110302112804/http://news.igihe.net/news-4-13-10725.html Film “Amapingu y’ urukundo” yerekanywe ku mugaragaro] *[http://www.igihe.com/news-4-13-4117.html Film “Amapingu y’urukundo” iri hafi kugera ahagaragara] *[http://www.igihe.com/news-4-5-10494.html Amapingu y’urukundo, Film nshya nyarwanda irashyirwa ahagaragara ku wa 13/02/2011] [[Category:Filimi]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 1wfrpzysydqtt51h515p46molvy2u7p 0 6460 78522 76219 2021-08-25T02:29:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rubavu''' ni [[Dosiye:Inka_mot_rubavu.jpg|thumb|Inka mot rubavu]] # → [[Umujyi wa Rubavu]] # → [[Akarere ka Rubavu]][[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] ipz0qn8y62a6zfuqxhelymrhcxdbo5g 0 6469 30153 2011-04-04T13:56:30Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ibishashara]] to [[Igishashara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igishashara]] eohlb9s25ksds3yp7b11uo56znv1do8 0 6471 74107 66962 2020-12-05T02:54:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Apiary 259F.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uruvumvu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika</span>]] [[File:Apiary.jpg|thumb|250px|left|<span style="color:grey;">Uruvumvu mu Ubudage</span>]] '''Uruvumvu''' ni [[imizinga]] myinshi yagitse hamwe hagamijwe ubworozi bw’[[inzuki]]. [[Category:Inzuki]] nqhj38nzs9k0olyz5sn4vuiopv3jdaw 14 6473 67661 63441 2013-04-02T19:08:53Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 60 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7216257]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubworozi]] [[Category:Inzuki]] 5w1u6ckmq0bws7khgvx011utognac7o 0 6474 76655 74106 2021-07-30T20:10:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bee swarm on fallen tree02.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Irumbo</span>]] '''Irumbo''' ni [[inzuki]] nyinshi ziri hamwe zaciye [[umuzinga]] cyangwa zitegereje kubona umuzinga. [[Dosiye:Gelbe_Wiesenameise_04.jpg|thumb|Irumbo]] [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] [[Category:Inzuki]] hhctn7axrujueva1ym8zrzbgce0x7m3 0 6475 30192 2011-04-04T15:34:36Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igishashara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igishashara]] 20bvio87vd03ndxv8tww37ceuxyxz1m 0 6476 78715 76656 2021-08-26T07:23:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bienenkoenigin.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urwiru</span>]] [[Dosiye:20200512-P1100031_Vespa_mandarinia_japonica.jpg|thumb|Urwiru]] '''[[Urwiru]]''' cyangwa '''Umwamikazi''' ni [[uruyuki]] rumwe rukumbi mu [[Umuzinga|muzinga]] rubyara izindi nzuki bityo zikororoka. Inzukikazi zikiri ntoya nizo zitanga ibi biryo bigaburirwa ibyana by’inzuki n’umwamikazi. Ibi biryo babikoresha nk’inyongera, nk’intungamubiri ziba mubiryo, mu [[Bugangabukare|buganga]], mu gutaka no mu biryo by’amatungo. [[Dosiye:20200512-P1090983_Vespa_mandarinia_japonica.jpg|thumb|Urwiru]] [[Category:Inzuki]] [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] g1w7dsd935mgtikjkzxdc1wpuvegiaa 0 6477 30196 2011-04-04T15:39:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwiru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwiru]] 80eyt1zvl4i1okipzi8qmkprhf1hykr 14 6478 67359 63293 2013-03-14T05:59:48Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 52 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7132779]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] trpxnp8myi7nva2ck7sy63nv59itlk4 0 6480 82171 82170 2022-02-25T13:18:58Z 105.178.37.204 /* Igaburo */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ديك في مزرعة، 10 مارس 2015 02.jpg|thumb|ubworozi bw`inkoko]] == Intangiriro == [[File:Florida chicken house.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ubworozi bw’inkoko</span>]] Muri rusange, ubworozi bw’inkoko zaba iz’amagi cyangwa se iz’inyama ntibusaba ahantu hanini ho kororera, bukaba bukemura ikibazo cy’ubutaka buke. Mu by’ukuri ubworozi bw’inkoko bukwiranye n’igihe tugezemo cyo kubyaza umusaruro mwinshi ubutaka buto dufite. Urebye ubworozi bw’inkoko, uburyo bifashisha mu cyaro naho bareka [[inkoko]] murugo zonyine ntibaziteho cyangwa zikitabwaho gacye.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/ubworozi_bw_inkoko.pdf</ref> ===Imishwi === [[File:Cornish Rock broiler chicks.JPG|thumb|Cornish Rock broiler chicks]] [[File:More chicks.jpg|thumb|More chicks]] Kuva ku munsi umwe kugeza ku byumweru 4, imishwi y’inkokoz’inyama igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye. Kugira ngo ushyushye imishwi ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amatara y’amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buringaniye, atari bwinshi cyane, ariko na none atari buke cyane. Imishwi ubwayo irabikwereka. (a)Iyo hakonje cyane, imishwi yegera imbabura, (b) haba harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi imishwi igahunga imbabura. (c)Iyo hari umuyaga imishwi yigira uruhande rumwe, naho haba hari ubushyuhe buringaniye (d) imishwi ikaba imerewe neza yisanzuye nk’uko bigaragazwa n’igishushanyo gikurikira.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/ubworozi_bw_inkoko.pdf</ref> === inkoko zitanga inyama === [[File:Chicken - melbourne show 2005.jpg|thumb|Chicken - melbourne show 2005]] Ubworozi bw’inkoko z’inyama ni ubworozi bumara igihe gito cyane, bityo bukazanira uwabukoze inyungu ku buryo bwihuse. Inkoko z’inyama zariye neza zikabona n’ibya ngombwa byose zikeneye, zishobora gutanga umusaruro nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itanu gusa ! Ni ukuvuga mu gihe kitageze ku mezi abiri. Icyo gihe inkoko imwe uyibaze iba ipima ikilo n’igice (kg 1,5). === Inkoko zitera amagi === [[File:Industrial-Chicken-Coop.JPG|thumb|Industrial-Chicken-Coop]] Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje, zirya ibiryo byagenewe inkoko zitera (Aliment super ponte). Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyira mu nzu y’inkoko udusanduku zizateramo kugira ngo zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera, umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu yazo nibura inshuro eshatu ku munsi kugira ngo akuremo amagi yatewe. Ubworozi bw’inkoko z’amagi burashimishije cyane. Nyuma y’amezi ane gusa, inkoko ziba zatangiye gutanga amagi. Inkoko imwe yatangiye gutera ishobora kugeza ku magi 320 ku mwaka, kandi ishobora kurenza umwaka itera. Amagi rero nta kibazo cyayo kuko igihe utabonye isoko ry’ako kanya ushobora kuyabika icyumweru kirenga mu bushobozi bwawe. == Ubworozi bw’Inkoko zitera amagi, aho ziba, kororoka, ibiryo byazo,umusaruro wazo<ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=4259</ref> == ==== Aho ziba ==== • Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n’umwuka bihagije. • Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana : • 1m² ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30); • 1m² ku bigwana 10 (ukwezi kugeza ku mezi 5); • 1m² ku nkokokazi5 zitera ; • inkoko zigomba kugira urugo rwo gutemberamo ku zuba. Urwo rugo rugomba kuba ruzitiye kugira ngo zitajya hanze yarwo. ==== Kororoka ==== • Inkokokazi itangira gutera imaze amezi 5,5 ivutse ; • Irarira iminsi 21 ; • Inkokokazi ishobora gutera idafite isake, ariko igatera amahuri ; • Isake imwe irahagije ku nkokokazi 10 kugira ngo zitere amagi atari amahuri; Inkokokazi imaze umwaka itera igomba kuvanwa mu bworozi. ==== Igaburo ==== • Kugira ngo inkoko zikure neza kandi zitange amagi menshi, zigomba kugaburirwa neza; • Ku bashoboye kubona imvange, dore uko bagomba kuyitanga kuri buri nkoko, ku munsi: - Icyumweru cya 1 ivutse: gr 15 - Icyumweru cya 8: gr 50 - Icyumweru cya 20: gr 100 - Icyumweru cya 22: gr 120 - Inkoko itera: gr 130 ==== Umusaruro ==== • Inkoko yo mu bwoko bwa RIR (Rhode Island Red) ishobora gutera ku mwaka amagi 220 iyo yafashwe neza. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro w’amagi wa 60% ; • Inkoko yo mu bwoko Derco, iyo ifashwe neza ishobora gutera amagi 250 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro wa 69% ku mwaka ; • Hari ubundi bwoko bushobora gutera amagi 300 ku mwaka, aha twavuga nka Warren ; • Inkoko isanzwe ya kinyarwanda ishobora gutera amagi 60 kugeza kuri 90 ku mwaka. Mu bwoko bwa kinyarwanda, hagenda habamo zimwe ziba nziza kuruta izindi. NB: Izi ngero zishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n’akarere inkoko zirimo ndetse n’ubwoko bw’inkoko IBIRYO BIKENEWE KU NKOKO Z’INYAMA === Ibyiciro by’inkoko zitera amajyi === o Imishwi y’inko z’amagi igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye (ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amashanyarazi). Ubushyuhe bukenewe ku nkoko z’inyama ni nabwo bukenewe ku nkoko z’amagi. o Ibigwana by’inkoko z’amagi Ni ukuva ku cyumweru cya cyenda kugeza ku cyumweru cya 20 Ni muri kiriya gihe inkoko zigomba gukurikiranwa, hagakorwa inking zose zabugenewe, isuku ikitabwaho ibiryo n’amazi nabyo bikaba bihagije. Inkoko zitangiye gutera amagi. • Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje (hafi ku byumweru 80), • Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyiramo udusanduka inkoko zizatereramo kugirango zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. • Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera amagi , umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu y’inkoko nibura incuro enye; mu gitondo mu masaa tatu; saa tanu; saa munani, no ku mugoroba mu ma saa kumi n’imwe, kugirango akuremo amagi inkoko zimaze gutera. • Gukuramo amagi inshuro nyinshi bituma zitayamena. Icyitonderwa: Iyi nyandiko tuyikesha Igitabo Agenda y'Umuhinzi cya 2018 cyateguwe na Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi == Ishakiro == *https://web.archive.org/web/20130704055259/http://rwanda.thebeehive.org/content/758/2656 [[Category:Ubworozi]] d53eggd6sg8aunh5f33kekcr7hnsqc6 0 6481 78162 76518 2021-08-22T14:00:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Indogoba</span>]] [[Dosiye:DSC_0608_حمار_يجر_عربة_ماء.jpg|thumb|indogoba y'ikoreye imizigo]] '''Indogobe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Equus africanus asinus'' ) ni [[itungo]]. [[Dosiye:Cabalo_no_alto_da_Coma._Andorra_294.jpg|thumb|Indogoba]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] ssppm3ybpja2pfrr0ri81shvjwo9p1p 0 6482 30241 2011-04-04T18:46:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Indogoba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indogoba]] ksf3x9dmmiy383ggede3co7jei62g9b 0 6483 82014 82012 2022-02-14T13:14:50Z Puerta25 10599 Ingamiya wikitext text/x-wiki Amoko yingamiya == Amoko y’ingamiya == * [[Camelus dromedarius]] * [[Camelus bactrianus]] [[Category:Inyamabere]] [[Category:Amatungo]] lhcm2wmjb738705xfg2musr8ewur9rl 0 6484 30243 2011-04-04T19:02:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ingamiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingamiya]] oi6yjlstcfsgkwg4wwso77ku3f7mbao 0 6485 30254 2011-04-04T19:56:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Iboberi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Iboberi]] tarkagzbitt4enhzs1jdk7bhg2kabuy 0 6486 30261 2011-04-04T20:06:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunyinya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunyinya]] 0l7dd4n0ua9pxmiw6q4udgftbe09ij3 0 6487 78743 76760 2021-08-26T09:57:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Acacia perangusta 7th Brigade Park Chermside P1030500.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Acacia]] [[Dosiye:Acacia_in_Ein_Khadra_Desert_Oasis_00_(137).jpg|thumb|Umugenge]] '''Umugenge''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia hockii'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] dymr8sadtbqvj7x1zfy4wnxgb7idaux 0 6488 30263 2011-04-04T20:09:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugenge]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugenge]] lp085ahf1u1wxndtg57zitmai61uxvj 0 6489 76426 68620 2021-07-25T21:37:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Acacia gerrardii, habitus, Walter Sisulu NBT.jpg|thumb|right|250px]] '''Umugunga''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia gerrardii'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Dosiye:Acacia_gerrardii,_loof_en_bloeiwyses,_Walter_Sisulu_NBT.jpg|thumb]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 9r7j4tfeegyuu541wd6lbbxtshbknuu 0 6490 30266 2011-04-04T20:13:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugunga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugunga]] hzkxfouku6q7l50jpc9omlagwf9d9n2 0 6491 78758 77689 2021-08-26T11:50:20Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bonner_zoologische_Monographien_(2005)_(20400211621).jpg|thumb|umugeyo (''Acacia brevispica)'']] '''Umugeyo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia brevispica'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. {{stub}} [[Dosiye:Bonner_zoologische_Monographien_(2005)_(20400210181).jpg|thumb|Umugeyo (Acacia brevispica)]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] fnczkxiotyoq5syveake0lseyll50dc 0 6492 30272 2011-04-04T20:23:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugeyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugeyo]] et96kbuhx3zn04tf6w5z2qar1e8mb6u 0 6493 74090 67090 2020-12-05T02:52:46Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acacia polyacantha, habitus, Walter Sisulu NBT.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugo</span>]] [[File:Acacia polycantha.png|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugo</span>]] '''Umugo''' cyangwa '''Umugu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia polyacantha'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 752qroy56x2vqpogv6otcp7qkji9gn6 0 6494 30276 2011-04-04T20:27:29Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umugu]] to [[Umugo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugo]] pzo1n9yuq5rysexkg76x4cu11a7gp1n 0 6495 30277 2011-04-04T20:28:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugo]] ljiub6hnwn14ovo5s09v7suju0e60h3 0 6496 78757 74089 2021-08-26T11:49:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acacia_senegal_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-004.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukonji</span>]] [[Dosiye:Britannica_Acacia_-_Acacia_Senegal.jpg|thumb|Umukonji]] '''Umukonji''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acacia senegal'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] px9367j8x90ihpq094nnxh6qlao482q 0 6497 30281 2011-04-04T20:31:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukonji]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukonji]] jweyaqh87qco7qjemz1k42rf029nhok 0 6498 30283 2011-04-04T20:36:05Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Igitovu]] to [[Umutovu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutovu]] 86ioe7v9wq0nwhjmcwq5e1pxpdk69ap 0 6499 76730 74088 2021-07-31T21:25:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Acokanthera_schimperi_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-150.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umusagwe</span>]] [[Dosiye:Acokanthera_schimperi_flowers.jpg|thumb|Indabyo z'umusagwe]] '''Umusagwe''' cyangwa '''Umushewe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Acokanthera schimperi'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 311aaatebackzx4g5f9m51ejjyjvr3p 0 6500 30286 2011-04-04T20:39:24Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusagwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusagwe]] n5opa9hk6ucfz24at5x7nm24z2wqy5u 0 6501 30287 2011-04-04T20:39:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusagwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusagwe]] n5opa9hk6ucfz24at5x7nm24z2wqy5u 0 6502 78362 74086 2021-08-24T09:00:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Albizia adiantifolia 12102003 Afrique du sud.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umusebeya</span>]] [[Dosiye:Albizia_adianthifolia_20D_3012.jpg|thumb|Umusebeya]] '''Umusebeya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Albizia adianthifolia'' na ''Albizia gummifera'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] n7ubpc04t97qh5mpie4zxkxttjsdan5 0 6503 30289 2011-04-04T20:42:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusebeya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusebeya]] fl21x4z0842fov2jsx6et8qzczc0wl3 0 6504 74087 30293 2020-12-05T02:52:24Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Albizia amara (Krishna Siris) near Hyderabad W IMG 7642.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunaniranzovu</span>]] [[File:Albizia amara (Krishna Siris) near Hyderabad W IMG 7621.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunaniranzovu</span>]] '''Umunaniranzovu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Albizia amara'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 8i3ld0hi8iblwb29hvjyq0qpccv90wc 0 6505 30292 2011-04-04T20:45:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunaniranzovu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunaniranzovu]] lbp5al2mqrgzmduattk9jbplxn9ig67 0 6506 78751 76765 2021-08-26T10:51:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Albizia antunesiana (25489303916).jpg|thumb|252x252px|Gatsi]] [[Dosiye:Albizia_antunesiana_(25489303996).jpg|thumb|Gatsi]] '''Gatsi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Albizia antunesiana'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 7v0jrbua698oa1f09gk93f52o59myfo 0 6507 30295 2011-04-04T20:47:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Gatsi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gatsi]] 0r1o8d2ic51xr34lubwc2g82t58m0wd 0 6508 78761 76767 2021-08-26T11:56:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Albizia petersiana subsp. evansii 1DS-II 6521.jpg|thumb|345x345px|Albizia Petersiana]] '''Umumeyu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Albizia petersiana'') ni ubwoko bw’ [[Dosiye:Albizia_petersiana_subsp._evansii_1DS-II_6523.jpg|thumb|Umumeyu]] [[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ejwlnua7mssy1vhiq6m6kya7h1micr5 0 6509 30299 2011-04-04T20:51:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumeyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumeyu]] t0wf0xpi0v0y9ebuiww4mmiu2yib0s6 0 6510 76768 30300 2021-08-02T05:56:03Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Albizia versicolor tree.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Umububa]] '''Umububa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Albizia versicolor'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 97ggtomn9cyhp9mw3y08remtbxrm1hk 0 6511 30301 2011-04-04T20:53:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umububa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umububa]] 6aorbr7ca45d8vlf1dtiaqc4aatwjeq 0 6512 30302 2011-04-04T20:53:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusebeya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusebeya]] fl21x4z0842fov2jsx6et8qzczc0wl3 0 6513 78810 77889 2021-08-27T10:10:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ancylobothrys capensis00.jpg|thumb|423x423px|Inkamire]] [[Dosiye:Landolphia_petersiana_137-8389.jpg|thumb|Inkamire]] '''Inkamire''' cyangwa '''Umukamire''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ancylobotrys amoena'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 1gqyctlra9lxdg22x2pq9jjtftgz2b1 0 6514 30304 2011-04-04T20:56:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkamire]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkamire]] g114mxubs5nxmowz5ayn85smj34dfck 0 6515 30305 2011-04-04T20:57:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Inkamire]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inkamire]] g114mxubs5nxmowz5ayn85smj34dfck 0 6516 76734 74085 2021-07-31T21:36:23Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Annona senegalensis Bild0878.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umushirashira</span>]] [[Dosiye:Annona_senegalensis00.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Umushirashira</span>]] '''Umushirashira''' cyangwa '''Ikiryohera''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Annona senegalensis'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] tvagtgysf14xsmgbx16mnaobg09y69n 0 6517 30308 2011-04-04T21:04:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushirashira]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushirashira]] 83d9ycv96cionv57n1k9gs7w38n9rac 0 6518 30309 2011-04-04T21:04:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushirashira]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushirashira]] 83d9ycv96cionv57n1k9gs7w38n9rac 0 6519 77895 30310 2021-08-18T11:28:37Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Blighia sapida seso vegetal.JPG|thumb|437x437px|Umuturamugina]] '''Umuturamugina''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Blighia unijugata'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] to3mf33ugnpl8rxzlxuvzk0usng93if 0 6520 30311 2011-04-04T21:06:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuturamugina]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuturamugina]] qkj5phsyv811q15091pao9guyowdty7 0 6521 78742 74084 2021-08-26T09:47:38Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bridelia micrantha leaves 12 08 2010.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugimbo</span>]] '''Umugimbo''' cyangwa '''Umushashi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Bridelia micrantha'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Dosiye:Bridelia_micrantha,_loof,_Roodekrans,_a.jpg|thumb|Umugimbo]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] prlucgg92uhwv1e41aq026341a016za 0 6523 30314 2011-04-04T21:10:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugimbo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugimbo]] nzb1zznajkir871eg4o989xr4cdt6a8 0 6524 30315 2011-04-04T21:10:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugimbo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugimbo]] nzb1zznajkir871eg4o989xr4cdt6a8 0 6525 76735 74083 2021-07-31T21:39:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carissa spinarum near Hyderabad W IMG 7615.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umushubi</span>]] [[File:Carissa ovata fruit.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umushubi</span>]] [[Dosiye:Carissa_spinarum_(edulis)_20D_3922.jpg|thumb|Umushubi]] '''Umushubi''' cyangwa '''Umunyonza''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Carissa edulis'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] oxyzzkxeo9yi2hlxcs0708g549yzc44 0 6526 30318 2011-04-04T21:14:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushubi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushubi]] 1c5i6zz0p9ktgsq7nhxzvewjykzb02w 0 6527 30319 2011-04-04T21:14:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushubi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushubi]] 1c5i6zz0p9ktgsq7nhxzvewjykzb02w 0 6528 30321 2011-04-04T21:16:59Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Cassiya]] to [[Ikasiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikasiya]] h41vp77zwtjchz9vcwlqytnvlp9ic73 0 6529 76784 30323 2021-08-02T07:32:59Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cassia singueana03.jpg|thumb|335x335px|Uruhogo]] '''Uruhogo''' cyangwa '''Ruhogo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Senna singueana'' cyangwa ''Cassia singueana'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ti59gr9lwlf9gnmt5tli4u2jqmx6y9n 0 6530 30324 2011-04-04T21:20:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruhogo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruhogo]] 1gqhgdmlksia7b1o2jka0unietc8ef3 0 6531 30325 2011-04-04T21:20:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruhogo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruhogo]] 1gqhgdmlksia7b1o2jka0unietc8ef3 0 6532 30326 2011-04-04T21:20:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uruhogo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uruhogo]] 1gqhgdmlksia7b1o2jka0unietc8ef3 0 6533 30329 2011-04-04T21:21:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isederera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isederera]] 1jbbrgy6eba3wjf0agydw4bf9aetzif 0 6534 78997 76783 2021-08-30T11:12:53Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clausena anisata 3581.jpg|thumb|357x357px|Umuno]] [[Dosiye:Clausena_anisata003.jpg|thumb|Umuno]] '''Umuno''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Clausena anisata'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] iznoi1h8fjx3chtsijxtexi156xjzxv 0 6535 30331 2011-04-04T21:23:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuno]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuno]] fk03a8w7svddkya7tmauaia7t1gdk2b 0 6536 74080 30333 2020-12-05T02:51:26Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Combretum molle00.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umurama</span>]] '''Umurama''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Combretum molle'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 27yb6k14yz8grmd5o2u0jloecbh77at 0 6537 30334 2011-04-04T21:31:45Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurama]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurama]] 5cgb6vxxu8v7nrq3ouo9zs4i6qvzu1c 0 6538 76777 67044 2021-08-02T06:58:14Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Commiphora africana00a.jpg|thumb|570x570px|Umudahwera]] '''Umudahwera''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Commiphora africana'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 1hy7wegsi80lb6fb783u71r5af4d76e 0 6539 30336 2011-04-04T21:36:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umudahwera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umudahwera]] hiyxn4sdqi14ak636o9qh1sh1lxqatx 0 6540 78361 74079 2021-08-24T08:55:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cordia africana.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuvugangoma</span>]] [[Dosiye:Cordia_africana03.jpg|thumb|Umuvugangoma]] '''Umuvugangoma''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Cordia africana'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] o28t7xuxeo46l9bqseg6gaa5d0allrd 0 6541 30338 2011-04-04T21:38:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuvugangoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuvugangoma]] jg9j65w5zt8b3rhkf9b0kzuf1uk1zw7 0 6542 67120 30339 2013-03-11T11:26:40Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3004247]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuhuhe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Croton dichogamus'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 5f0yfbkf66b5yflypknkxvsnigl03pv 0 6543 78996 76775 2021-08-30T11:00:29Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Croton ¿ species ? (14957518411).jpg|thumb|313x313px]] [[Dosiye:Mallo_macrosta_090816-11141_tsa.JPG|thumb|Umurangara]] '''Umurangara''' cyangwa '''Umubonobono''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Croton macrostachyus'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 5z6d6kn1k8gacemeepcj8couos9vove 0 6544 30341 2011-04-04T21:41:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurangara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurangara]] ebgfp1f2di9x137dfgvo39ry8xw5l7n 0 6545 30342 2011-04-04T21:42:05Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurangara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurangara]] ebgfp1f2di9x137dfgvo39ry8xw5l7n 0 6546 74078 70679 2020-12-05T02:51:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dichrostachys cinerea-IMG 9469.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuyebe</span>]] [[File:Dichrostachys cinerea Bild0885.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuyebe</span>]] [[File:Dichrostachys cinerea MHNT.BOT.2016.12.25.jpg|thumb|''Dichrostachys cinerea'']] '''Umuyebe''' cyangwa '''Umunkamba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dichrostachys cinerea'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 1dqopxvxpaohv06xpx4sgv4xoipo3cq 0 6547 30344 2011-04-04T21:46:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyebe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyebe]] g3y58lrys1qe3fxn00s25ceh26ec9gs 0 6548 30345 2011-04-04T21:46:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuyebe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuyebe]] g3y58lrys1qe3fxn00s25ceh26ec9gs 0 6549 76727 74077 2021-07-31T21:12:07Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dombeya burgessiae1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukore</span>]] [[File:Dombeya burgessiae 2.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukore</span>]] [[Dosiye:Malvaceae_Dombeya_burgessiae_1.jpg|thumb|Umukore]] '''Umukore''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dombeya burgessiae'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 4h7lso2448gmqm2g2ggw9unolzogd4q 0 6550 30357 30347 2011-04-04T22:04:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukore (burgessiae)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukore (burgessiae)]] e145o8ipvihonx8aigz905mubvmsotl 0 6551 76787 30348 2021-08-02T07:59:57Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dombeya mauritiana flowers.JPG|thumb|399x399px|Umukongwa]] '''Umukongwa''' cyangwa '''Umukwa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dombeya bagshawei'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] tgbsu877tdy5svlsh3l5ooupaq6sbfh 0 6552 30349 2011-04-04T21:56:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukongwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukongwa]] jn79xdzj2cp345z2ej292h9s5767p7v 0 6553 30350 2011-04-04T21:57:17Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukongwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukongwa]] jn79xdzj2cp345z2ej292h9s5767p7v 0 6554 77921 30358 2021-08-18T16:31:13Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ranunculus kirkii by John Barkla.jpg|thumb|343x343px]] '''Umukore''' ni: # [[Umukore (burgessiae)]] # [[Umukore (kirkii)]] # [[Umukore (rotundifolia)]] pk4kga95tb6zuuk5odg38206zpi01r5 0 6555 78753 76788 2021-08-26T11:30:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dombeya kirkii - Pemba2 (13925823611).jpg|thumb|334x334px|Umukore]] '''Umukore''' cyangwa '''Igitubabugama''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dombeya kirkii'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. ] [[Dosiye:Dombeya_kirkii_-_Pemba1_(13948989853).jpg|thumb|Umukore (kirkii)]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] e9jo5sgyauhjrtwrbaz6iut4ax543bq 0 6556 30355 2011-04-04T22:03:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukore (kirkii)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukore (kirkii)]] 3569xw0ty1fk8lqu3pyb6pf95fmcpfk 0 6557 30356 2011-04-04T22:04:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukore (kirkii)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukore (kirkii)]] 3569xw0ty1fk8lqu3pyb6pf95fmcpfk 0 6558 74076 67110 2020-12-05T02:50:52Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dombeya rotundifolia-bark.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukore</span>]] [[File:Dombeya rotundifolia-flowers.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukore</span>]] '''Umukore''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dombeya rotundifolia'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 3j53i7yrzvvgif6w4rkldyra26lfz2w 0 6559 30360 2011-04-04T22:08:47Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukore (rotundifolia)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukore (rotundifolia)]] jxt6cdrnj3z7tu4kzutop0l3ls44kx3 0 6560 76782 66989 2021-08-02T07:20:26Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clematis hirsutissima hirsutissima-4-25-04.jpg|thumb|302x302px|Umukamba w'igikasa]] '''Umukamba w’igikasa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Clematis hirsuta '') ni ubwoko bw’[[ikimera]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] prgeqkb29t9nfo3m9akgsvt8fyx78zl 0 6561 30363 2011-04-04T22:12:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukamba w’igikasa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukamba w’igikasa]] ih2hex8o0pjkhi42r0cxx597ya2n7sw 0 6562 30365 2011-04-04T22:17:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuko]] mvhy39zsfbozeq9ewzfd6nzwm1fvhnc 0 6563 76949 30366 2021-08-04T05:14:24Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Euclea natalensis subsp angustifolia, bloeiwyses, Waterberg Natuurpraal, c.jpg|thumb|444x444px]] '''Umushikiri''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Euclea schimperi'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] cm7p2oodcg7i2y7ygunzyo0p05epphn 0 6564 30367 2011-04-04T22:19:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushikiri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushikiri]] 1yxvrurrcfuzn27k4fojkwk1px0mme2 0 6565 78812 77117 2021-08-27T10:15:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plant.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|irungu]] [[Dosiye:Zanthoxylum_piperitum_(Mount_Fujiwara).jpg|thumb|Intare y’irungu]] '''Intare y’irungu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Zanthoxylum chalybeum'' cyangwa ''Fagara chalybea'' ) ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] rox58bl6iaje6ijbu0zuaqv9p2d5k57 0 6566 30370 2011-04-04T22:30:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intare y’irungu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intare y’irungu]] qv07pnsp80z6bejlz3u16ga8r2b8wi2 0 6567 30371 2011-04-04T22:31:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Intare y’irungu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intare y’irungu]] qv07pnsp80z6bejlz3u16ga8r2b8wi2 0 6568 30373 2011-04-04T22:33:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuvumu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuvumu]] r8pljsyqbl1uu45w9xmvulu8litx8is 0 6569 76950 30374 2021-08-04T05:28:44Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:FicusAspera02 FlamingoGardens Asit.jpg|thumb|327x327px|Umusene]] '''Umusene''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus asperifolia'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 9qqktry24q0vkw5nnvged5m3sqezggt 0 6570 30375 2011-04-04T22:34:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusene]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusene]] gd4n4c3771oq5alc9i3qsyb5rvcyb7p 0 6571 78965 76951 2021-08-30T07:30:32Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus burkei 01.jpg|thumb|412x412px|Umurengarutare]] [[Dosiye:Ficus_thonningii_fruits_MHNT.jpg|thumb|Umurengarutare]] '''Umurengarutare''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus burkei'' na ''Ficus kitubalu'' ) ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 3027vsren69a24hc9jnd3snlvpaahk0 0 6572 30377 2011-04-04T22:36:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurengarutare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurengarutare]] ecn8rktcy38gtvtr9ugajuvkz6hg4ad 0 6573 76731 74073 2021-07-31T21:27:26Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Entada abyssinica MS 1790.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umusange</span>]] [[File:Entada abyssinica MHNT.BOT.2009.13.16.jpg|thumb|''Entada abyssinica'']] [[Dosiye:Entada_abyssinica00.jpg|thumb|<span style="color:grey;">Umusange</span>]] '''Umusange''' cyangwa '''Umusangasange''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Entada abyssinica '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 27zlf81j4iif814a6q8oxna7mhoz1ad 0 6574 30379 2011-04-04T22:38:50Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusange]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusange]] 5emfiuwkdo54s14r87sck74l5da51hb 0 6575 30380 2011-04-04T22:39:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusange]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusange]] 5emfiuwkdo54s14r87sck74l5da51hb 0 6576 78755 76952 2021-08-26T11:45:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus glumosa, habitus, Tuks.jpg|thumb|374x374px|Umugwampore]] [[Dosiye:Ficus_glumosa,_loof_en_vrugte,_a,_Tuks.jpg|thumb|Umugwampore]] '''Umugwampore''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus glumosa '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] b59s69pzzd58dk138m9hh3gsf6ca198 0 6577 30382 2011-04-04T22:41:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwampore]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwampore]] 99bjubo7kka2rwkxgo084hue7sr6q4w 0 6578 76736 30383 2021-07-31T21:41:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus_ingens,_vye,_Eugene_Marais_Park,_d.jpg|thumb|Umutaba]] '''Umutaba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus ingens '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] kv0gs0rv5bhhomrgkg7xkcbl5zzwfqa 0 6579 30384 2011-04-04T22:43:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umutaba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umutaba]] gby8vzipk8ard0nbflprlfm89qgkf71 0 6580 30386 2011-04-04T22:47:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurengarutare]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurengarutare]] ecn8rktcy38gtvtr9ugajuvkz6hg4ad 0 6581 78759 76953 2021-08-26T11:51:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus ovata-2-JNTBGRI-kerala-India.jpg|thumb|365x365px|Umuhere]] '''Umuhere''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus ovata '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Dosiye:29.12.16_Dubrovnik_Old_City_Walls_067_(31961288325).jpg|thumb|Umuhere]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 41fbh162pzklrtgqrmstvzpcgrrhfeu 0 6582 30388 2011-04-04T22:50:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhere]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhere]] gay7by9yqjqcpp075pjxvdl0tq8pnpe 0 6583 76954 30389 2021-08-04T05:50:33Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus sur, besemtrosse, a, Pretoria NBT.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Umukuyu]] '''Umukuyu''' cyangwa '''Umukumu''' , '''Umuhungutu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus sur '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 0eth984rj4huyh49qjhdnoy49gqjpam 0 6584 30390 2011-04-04T22:52:10Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukuyu]] b4edqt6pqna0c52r9agl3hx05upiz79 0 6585 30391 2011-04-04T22:52:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukuyu]] b4edqt6pqna0c52r9agl3hx05upiz79 0 6586 30392 2011-04-04T22:52:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukuyu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukuyu]] b4edqt6pqna0c52r9agl3hx05upiz79 0 6587 76955 30393 2021-08-04T05:53:10Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ficus vallis-choudae-Jardin botanique Meise (3).jpg|thumb|405x405px|Ikidobori]] '''Umurehe''' cyangwa '''Ikodobori''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ficus vallis-chudae '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] bck4oyd45zy1zb73z2e50n5ce47swzb 0 6588 30394 2011-04-04T22:56:02Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurehe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurehe]] 7j71y19j3qgrejmvk5tizgdnl2zxcjv 0 6589 30395 2011-04-04T22:56:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umurehe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umurehe]] 7j71y19j3qgrejmvk5tizgdnl2zxcjv 0 6590 78363 76785 2021-08-24T09:03:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dalbergia nitidula01.jpg|thumb|286x286px|Umuhogo]] [[Dosiye:Dalbergia_nitidula05.jpg|thumb|Umuhogo]] '''Umuhogo''' cyangwa '''Umuyigi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Dalbergia nitidula '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] guw7gyk0damm61yn36e7b4ex3a61nt1 0 6591 30397 2011-04-04T22:58:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhogo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhogo]] odxnckyqe1ltdqb6b4omha6ajplqxz6 0 6592 30398 2011-04-04T22:59:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhogo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhogo]] odxnckyqe1ltdqb6b4omha6ajplqxz6 0 6593 30400 2011-04-04T22:59:59Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Gereverya]] to [[Gereveliya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gereveliya]] 4z03apcwx952kf5b9ik54ypsmuu21vv 0 6594 77616 30403 2021-08-14T15:10:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiti_birebire_bya_Nyungwe.jpg|thumb|Umushami n'ibumwe mu bwoko bw'ibiti budakunda kuboneka cyane.]] '''Umushami''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Haplocoelum gallaense '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 03yauqwrgn6ony0wgijw9bla059eap3 0 6595 30404 2011-04-04T23:03:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushami]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushami]] 66meygfxhmsw7pall3ukkg3sc05py9k 0 6596 77055 30407 2021-08-05T10:47:40Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grewia dominae.jpg|thumb|341x341px|Umukoma]] '''Umukoma''' cyangwa '''Umukomagabo''' , '''Umukomagore''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Grewia trichocarpa'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] tcm2w6anwff907eb55kqq7jga37e6fq 0 6597 30408 2011-04-04T23:21:31Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoma]] 2p9fn844dzy5yixekpwh64hkh2savr4 0 6598 30409 2011-04-04T23:22:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoma]] 2p9fn844dzy5yixekpwh64hkh2savr4 0 6599 30410 2011-04-04T23:22:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoma]] 2p9fn844dzy5yixekpwh64hkh2savr4 0 6600 30411 2011-04-04T23:24:11Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuganzacyaro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuganzacyaro]] 52pfbocz5quxncfut3060adxqx071is 0 6601 78737 77617 2021-08-26T09:31:05Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Harrisonia_abyssinica_(11382675226).jpg|thumb|Harrisonia abyssinica (Umuganzacyaro)]] [[Dosiye:Ziziphus_mucronata,_habitus,_Phalandingwe.jpg|thumb|Umuganzacyaro]] '''Umuganzacyaro''' cyangwa '''Umufatangwe''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Harrisonia abyssinica'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ct21mly4erkn1zllbymncbq9gh9x0jn 0 6602 30413 2011-04-04T23:25:23Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuganzacyaro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuganzacyaro]] 52pfbocz5quxncfut3060adxqx071is 0 6603 76729 74071 2021-07-31T21:19:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Iboza riparia2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuravumba</span>]] [[File:Iboza riparia3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuravumba</span>]] [[Dosiye:Iboza_riparia-2-yercaud-salem-India.JPG|thumb|Umuravumba]] '''Umuravumba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Iboza riparia'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 2vxzpoic3d9awfvnwwvoo5o4y3tkina 0 6604 30415 2011-04-04T23:28:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuravumba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuravumba]] k29dy383et6auyf7lqk93uqgtb26016 0 6605 30417 2011-04-04T23:29:47Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Jacaranda]] to [[Jakaranda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jakaranda]] q8e96gey0mmw6vb8oqlh0uguqamd0rh 0 6606 74069 70543 2020-12-05T02:49:45Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kigelia africana in Murchison Falls National Park.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikivungovongo</span>]] [[File:Fruit I IMG 8997.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikivungovongo</span>]] '''Ikivungovongo''' cyangwa '''Umuremere''' , '''Umuvumgavungo''' , '''Umuvungovungo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Kigelia africana'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 19038lkpsgz8asczs1v27ynxdgw4avs 0 6607 30420 2011-04-04T23:33:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivungovongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivungovongo]] h6hvwzd0d74vaehu1v7dh381p6ksmy5 0 6608 30421 2011-04-04T23:34:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivungovongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivungovongo]] h6hvwzd0d74vaehu1v7dh381p6ksmy5 0 6609 30422 2011-04-04T23:34:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivungovongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivungovongo]] h6hvwzd0d74vaehu1v7dh381p6ksmy5 0 6610 30423 2011-04-04T23:34:56Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikivungovongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikivungovongo]] h6hvwzd0d74vaehu1v7dh381p6ksmy5 0 6611 77043 30425 2021-08-05T08:24:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rare and endemic trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (IA rareendemictrees27litt).pdf|thumb|''Sapium ellipticum'']] '''Umusasa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Sapium ellipticum '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] hy59fb1r9kezixmi2udr4nrye1ailme 0 6612 30426 2011-04-04T23:40:40Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusasa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusasa]] gyyf4d9saiq9hjq1eutgp2ezysdx4rp 0 6613 30428 2011-04-04T23:43:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umubirizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umubirizi]] iilrh8gv94bbjs0mmxhnbt3lbppwr6q 14 6614 67069 65377 2013-03-11T11:25:35Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 86 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6154582]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 3d092q0izudnr31wjrjze9q9zpbxd0j 0 6618 77154 70861 2021-08-08T03:01:59Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vista de Ciudad Ho Chi Minh desde Bitexco Financial Tower, Vietnam, 2013-08-14, DD 06.JPG|thumb|Ho Chi Minh City]] [[Dosiye:Puente Mong, Ciudad Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, 2013-08-14, DD 01.JPG|thumb|''Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh'']] Umujyi wa '''Ho Chi Minh''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 7,162,864, batuye kubuso bwa km² 2,095 . [[Category:Viyetinamu]] 9umtmmj934z5ulgsqbt4u8jdbqobkln 14 6619 66959 59572 2013-03-11T11:22:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 208 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1456520]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] snmi34dh00qlx7r4u552jwcgoeo1o32 0 6620 30529 2011-04-05T10:06:08Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ho Chi Minh City]] to [[Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)]] 3vh5ouxfajfro110mcys9pxmi2adgey 0 6621 30532 2011-04-05T10:13:53Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)]] 3vh5ouxfajfro110mcys9pxmi2adgey 0 6622 77390 71593 2021-08-10T01:50:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intore 3.jpg|thumb|intore]] Kwivuga bya kinyarwanda Igitaramo kigeze hagati, umwana witwa ‘Nyirurugo’ na we yahawe umwanya ngo agaragaze ko no mu bakiri bato, umuco gakondo uhabwa umwanya . Nyirurugo yarataratse maze arivuga biratinda, ibintu byashimishije imbaga yari iteraniye muri Petit Stade i Remera. tdcwv3wuu9xyq0ocaj1ftqjc54xt8jq 0 6623 30537 2011-04-05T10:55:49Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuzinzigwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuzinzigwa]] io3b2bkrpcn2v2k45iphha2a7frwrnh 0 6624 78746 77391 2021-08-26T10:11:41Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Trees during the sunset in Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, Sidney Island, BC, Canada.jpg|thumb|igiti]] '''Umushiranyota''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Lannea humilis'' na ''Lannea stuhlmannii'' ) ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. kiboneka muri pariki. [[Dosiye:Lannea_schweinfurthii_(Engl.)_Engl._var._stuhlmannii_(Engl.)_Kokwaro00.jpg|thumb|Umushiranyota]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ecbjclijfo0mfiwz3ej20tmjue5lh4c 0 6625 30539 2011-04-05T10:58:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushiranyota]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushiranyota]] e1209pugu04q1hhzxxj4w1c49hw6ji1 0 6626 77392 30540 2021-08-10T01:54:21Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dülmen, Wildpark -- 2020 -- 3427.jpg|thumb|igiti]] '''Umumuna''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Lannea shimperi'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ma7vznoxzifdj5yydwx947mlcpxpp6a 0 6627 30541 2011-04-05T11:00:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumuna]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumuna]] qjtcoyi02vhmq7ysbe4dqd1a2aears9 0 6628 30543 2011-04-05T11:02:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umushiranyota]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umushiranyota]] e1209pugu04q1hhzxxj4w1c49hw6ji1 0 6629 79143 77399 2021-08-31T08:54:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tree-climbing lions (Panthera leo).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|tree]] [[Dosiye:Albizia_gummifera_-_Arusha_gardens.jpg|thumb|Umuhumuro]] '''Umusebeya''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''*Albizia gummifera*'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[ ✅inkomoko Muri Afurika yegereye umurongo wa koma. ✅Aho iterwa mu Rwanda Hose mu gihugu uretse muBugarama, mu misozi miremire ya cyangugu, ✅Umubare w’imbuto mu kiro 1 - - ✅Ibyo zikenera ubutaka buhitisha amazi neza , buhehereye bwo hejuru, mu mabanga y’imisozi no mu mibande.; -Ubutumburuke buri hagati ya m 1500 kugeza kuri m 2200 ✅Uko zitegurwa, uko ziterwa n’uko zikorerwa Kwinaza umurama ukimara gusarurwa ni ngombwa kugirango uzamere. Imbuto zayo zirimeza hasi mu murima. ✅Akamaro Amasanduku, imihini, inkwi n’amakara. kuribwa n’amatungo, isaso, igicucu, indabo zitanga ubuki. ,gifata ubutaka, igiti cy’umutako ✅Indwara n’ibyonnyi. Umusebeya ugira igiti kidakomera cyane iyo gihuye n’itaka cyangwa amazi kandi cyangizwa n’udusimba n’uduhumyo. ]] jq250kn6jcnvo21j1kaejrklgdcliyk 0 6630 30545 2011-04-05T11:04:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhumuro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhumuro]] 8djwvlb2n9v65wxrvf3p8ectphbkixe 0 6631 74065 67117 2020-12-05T02:49:09Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Markhamia obtusifolia Tree.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukoli</span>]] [[File:Markhamia obtusifolia 3.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukoli</span>]] [[File:Markhamia obtusifolia 1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukoli</span>]] '''Umukoli''' cyangwa '''Umunyagakoli''' , '''Umukundambazo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Markhamia obtusifolia '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] kshaps5ahkwhykcxyjqsuu1xpj9uhfr 0 6632 30548 2011-04-05T11:20:38Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoli]] n2mh3z9nhumbe8tscipk5nn72xg7rqz 0 6633 30549 2011-04-05T11:21:01Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoli]] n2mh3z9nhumbe8tscipk5nn72xg7rqz 0 6634 30550 2011-04-05T11:21:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukoli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukoli]] n2mh3z9nhumbe8tscipk5nn72xg7rqz 0 6635 77900 67695 2021-08-18T11:56:20Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mimosa_pigra_(3).JPG|thumb|Mimosa pigra (3)]] [[Dosiye:Acacia_April_2015-3.jpg|thumb|Acacia brevispica]] '''Umugeyo''' ni: #[[Umugeyo (Acacia brevispica)]] #[[Umugeyo (Mimosa pigra)]] s14cqs9zsdc28fywluxbeo3m39krguz 0 6636 76724 74064 2021-07-31T20:59:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Mimo pigra 080209-4579 ckoep.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umugeyo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Mimosa_pigra_-_legume_01.jpg|thumb|Umugeyo (Mimosa pigra) hamwe n'imbuto]] '''Umugeyo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Mimosa pigra '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] mnisbkibxgakg0qlixh16yqlgncge8n 0 6637 30554 2011-04-05T11:25:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugeyo (Mimosa pigra)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugeyo (Mimosa pigra)]] hj69c8l0mqmi6jls8i6kedlzm1hobyt 0 6638 77901 74063 2021-08-18T14:26:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Olivesfromjordan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umumuri</span>]] [[Dosiye:Olea_europaea_Preveli_01.JPG|thumb|Umumuri]] '''Umuhumuro''' cyangwa '''Umuzenzenzi''' , '''Umunzenze''' , '''Umuhongoramugita''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Olea europaea'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 9mr0zjw2a9e0cizguv07e0xa3jiwzl9 0 6639 30557 2011-04-05T11:29:46Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumuri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumuri]] j760beexz8cky4u1moutz7ly5dfde6t 0 6640 30558 2011-04-05T11:30:03Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumuri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumuri]] j760beexz8cky4u1moutz7ly5dfde6t 0 6641 30559 2011-04-05T11:30:20Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumuri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumuri]] j760beexz8cky4u1moutz7ly5dfde6t 0 6642 30560 2011-04-05T11:30:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumuri]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumuri]] j760beexz8cky4u1moutz7ly5dfde6t 0 6643 77629 30561 2021-08-14T16:29:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ormocarpum_sennoides-NMNH-13389755.jpg|thumb|Umukamba (''Ormocarpum trichocarpum)'']] '''Umukamba''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ormocarpum trichocarpum '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ezy2hebrkby4ifxz7dn2tsgfbz52dw4 0 6644 30562 2011-04-05T11:33:26Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukamba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukamba]] h7ab9o6ulpycyl0xj0im27w79u1gm16 0 6645 78748 77208 2021-08-26T10:44:36Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Leptadenia_reticulata_climber.JPG|thumb|Umukerenke nibumwe mubwoko bw'ibiti dusanga mu duce dutandukanye ku isi.]] '''Umukerenke''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ozoroa reticulata'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] . [[Dosiye:Leptadenia_hastata_MS4996.JPG|thumb|Umukerenke nibumwe mubwoko bw'ibiti dusanga mu duce dutandukanye ku isi.]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] eyh6n9niyzkh0v3wb7tgdpy96q4togq 0 6646 30564 2011-04-05T11:35:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukerenke]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukerenke]] r8yezsf67k7v70aa8hf2q2x9541r8wk 0 6647 74062 30565 2020-12-05T02:48:44Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Augrabies-Pappea capensis-001.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umumena</span>]] '''Umumena''' cyangwa '''Umuremampango''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pappea capensis '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 0hei7dglz8m0ykqhqtti95de93q6ed8 0 6648 30566 2011-04-05T11:37:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumena]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumena]] s0kayfb6f0vku4ufqwv180w4ivdlyna 0 6649 30567 2011-04-05T11:37:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umumena]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umumena]] s0kayfb6f0vku4ufqwv180w4ivdlyna 0 6650 74061 66990 2020-12-05T02:48:37Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Parinari curatellifolia (fruit).jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunazi</span>]] '''Umunazi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Parinari curatellifolia '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 6kmmejo3g8pssboerjwf4csztc8o4a7 0 6651 30569 2011-04-05T11:40:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunazi]] awsrkfh3c8bxb7c1cv08vpkjzm8nn36 0 6652 76726 74060 2021-07-31T21:09:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Phoenix-reclinata-AK.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukindo</span>]] [[File:Phoenixreclinatafruit.JPG|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umukindo</span>]] [[Dosiye:Phoenix_reclinata_spathes.jpg|thumb|Umukindo]] '''Umukindo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Phoenix reclinata '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] erlcn3ay1yg6lyyjy6lxmi3ogkfxzqe 0 6653 30572 2011-04-05T11:43:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umukindo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umukindo]] gesolmnmtv13q1jaqmkqmfmh9andjda 0 6654 77633 30574 2021-08-14T16:48:59Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dülmen,_Göversheide_--_2015_--_7718-22.jpg|thumb|Umusagara n'ubwoko bw'ibiti bidakunda kuboneka ahantu henshi ariko bigira akamaro kanini kw'isi]] '''Umusagara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Phus natalensis '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] e64vusfub5k41w87g1bmgg20yzswbj0 0 6655 30575 2011-04-05T11:55:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusagara]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusagara]] hexchoolaeyrl6jab2b43c0ib1b2rzs 0 6656 77635 30576 2021-08-14T16:58:20Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Snijboon_peulen_Phaseolus_vulgaris.jpg|thumb|vulgaris bifite ubusobanuro butandukanye ku ibihingwa rwavuga igihingwa cy'ibishyimbo.]] [[Dosiye:Jacobaea_vulgaris-3235.jpg|thumb|Jacobaea vulgaris-3235]] '''Umusagara mabunda''' cyangwa '''Umusagara''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Phus vulgaris '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ivl9jha8gu4s37wz9iemahneh4mqxy0 0 6657 30577 2011-04-05T11:57:00Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusagara mabunda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusagara mabunda]] pkl3nhob3760fdb4mgupwi6w0bzkshm 0 6658 78964 77638 2021-08-30T07:27:46Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Podocarpus_Milanjianus.jpg|thumb|Umuhulizi (Podocarpus Milanjianus)]] [[Dosiye:Eulophia_orthoplectra_(as_Lissochilus_milanjeanus,_spelled_Lissochilus_milanjianus)_-_Curtis'_123_(Ser._3_no._53)_pl._7546_(1897).jpg|thumb|Imbuto z'Umuhulizi]] '''Umuhulizi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Podocarpus milanjianus '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 253dc1nzac9o5w9g7g5l84ixr6rkyd0 0 6659 30579 2011-04-05T11:58:34Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuhulizi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuhulizi]] 7y37f81dxvws1fgdcgceeijg04gv2np 0 6660 77640 30580 2021-08-14T17:09:16Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Strychnos_usambarensis00.jpg|thumb|Umufu (''Podocarpus usambarensis)'']] '''Umufu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Podocarpus usambarensis '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 1dg7fkxkjh5tenfa7q23wgi93tsoxeh 0 6661 30581 2011-04-05T12:00:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umufu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umufu]] 5gzicb1tm9xwjlzh8tfe38wecc5g1ja 0 6662 78793 76725 2021-08-27T09:37:56Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuguruka_pic.jpg|thumb|Umuguruka ]] [[Dosiye:Pterygota_alata_var_irregularis_-_Agri-Horticultural_Society_of_India_-_Alipore_-_Kolkata_2013-01-05_2220.JPG|thumb|Umuguruka]] '''Umuguruka''' cyangwa '''Humuhumuro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Pterygota mildbraedii '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] i9nkx13wo1jdzunwkfit32djtne1opb 0 6663 31019 30584 2011-04-06T03:52:25Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Umuguruka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuguruka]] c3x37jo01f7y0j91jlnv7ihfv0xigjy 0 6664 30586 2011-04-05T12:03:52Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Umugurika]] to [[Umuguruka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuguruka]] c3x37jo01f7y0j91jlnv7ihfv0xigjy 0 6665 30588 2011-04-05T12:04:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuguruka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuguruka]] mheiy1tj2aljdhycqsz94bsfldavswi 0 6666 74059 67007 2020-12-05T02:48:18Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Securidaca longipedunculata MS 1933.JPG|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunyagasozi</span>]] [[File:Securidaca longipedunculata MS 4773.JPG|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umunyagasozi</span>]] '''Umunyagasozi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Securidaca longipedunculata'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] ngn4zi7yody13ekhrjdab5iov82sh4j 0 6667 30591 2011-04-05T12:07:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umunyagasozi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunyagasozi]] o6qqtbxbhlibc6dj8w9a81cwb8wfmd0 0 6668 77036 30592 2021-08-05T08:09:11Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The Journal of the Linnean Society. (IA mobot31753002414412).pdf|thumb|''Teclea nobilis'']] '''Umuzo''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Teclea nobilis '') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] 9tcefs7j9kg3irgw8frpbcx9b3celvm 0 6669 30593 2011-04-05T12:09:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuzo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuzo]] jje9rrprshf70ivcqdnfgm1pvv60emv 0 6670 30595 2011-04-05T12:10:57Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuruku]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuruku]] envhbl3rp1pvpmlb3owf1nrvusqbf34 0 6671 30597 2011-04-05T12:13:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwamporo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwamporo]] p9xn2nacoujniykrkg80bbb5t5as8p5 0 6672 30598 2011-04-05T12:13:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwamporo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwamporo]] p9xn2nacoujniykrkg80bbb5t5as8p5 0 6673 30599 2011-04-05T12:14:16Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umugwamporo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugwamporo]] p9xn2nacoujniykrkg80bbb5t5as8p5 0 6674 78360 76733 2021-08-24T08:51:30Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ximenia_caffra01.jpg|thumb|Umusekera]] '''Umusekera''' cyangwa '''Umusasa''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ximenia caffra'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Dosiye:Ximenia_caffra03.jpg|thumb|Umusekera]] [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] my1vqmjatqoiix9ehs1fcen44wb967b 0 6675 30603 2011-04-05T12:17:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusekera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusekera]] t95euxo420nnapogqeg3q7bifvo91uq 0 6676 30604 2011-04-05T12:18:07Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umusekera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusekera]] t95euxo420nnapogqeg3q7bifvo91uq 0 6677 78733 74057 2021-08-26T09:08:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ziziphus mucronata00.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umuganzacyaro</span>]] [[Dosiye:Ziziphus_mucronata,_blomme,_Skeerpoort,_a.jpg|thumb|Umuganzacyaro]] '''Umuganzacyaro''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Ziziphus mucronata'') ni ubwoko bw’[[igiti]] n’[[urubuto]]. [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] 24eizog4s2ceg6tu23bacvyd8xaocec 0 6678 30607 2011-04-05T12:20:29Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Umuganzacyaro (Ziziphus mucronata)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuganzacyaro (Ziziphus mucronata)]] md9080j04zz5t6ivczoctbagamrowc6 0 6679 79188 74026 2021-08-31T10:29:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Book 06490 20040730160049 L.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitabo</span>]] [[Dosiye:13-11-02-olb-by-RalfR-03.jpg|thumb|Ibitabo]] '''Igitabo''' (''ubuke'': '''Ibitabo''') [[Category:Ibitabo| ]] bc2vjzn7ymqtym9ofzxk6qw4fqbiemf 14 6680 81354 70165 2022-01-19T05:54:33Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q3919906]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Itangazamakuru]] pcmye5vpggrmix2tkty9do413w8tgyp 0 6690 78982 74055 2021-08-30T09:43:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sign for African Nations Cup.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu </span>]] '''Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu''' Igitangaje ni uko ubuyobozi bwa CAF bwo buvuga ko igikombe cya [[Afurika]] bidasubirwaho kizatangira kuri iki cyumweru tariki 10 Mutarama 2010. [[Dosiye:South African National Australian Football Team.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|South Africa Football]] [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] nd3xr2q61vm5ggywmq5drxxs5tkw7es 0 6691 30654 2011-04-05T14:01:42Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)]] hzq9xwokaazjkjfzgkykg95b7ydubxb 0 6692 82376 76915 2022-03-30T23:35:21Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Al_Ahly_SC_wins_CAF_Champions_League_2020.jpg|Al_Ahly_SC_wins_CAF_Champions_League_2020.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ahmad252|Ahmad252]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Al Ahly SC wins CAF Champi wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mapa_da_CAF.PNG|thumb|Ishyirahamwe ry'umupira wa maguru muri africa (CAF)]] '''Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika''' (CAF mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Confédération Africaine de Football''; izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Confederation of African Football''; izina mu [[cyarabu]]: الإتحاد الأفريقي لكرة القدم‎) ni ishyirahamwe ry’[[umupira w’amaguru]]. [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] 3e0d6rkkjkovbngejid6usnpjqs6ajt 0 6693 30660 2011-04-05T14:19:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika]] rdnshnjkq9gx49htdim9pdjx52ftj0h 0 6694 77128 70270 2021-08-08T01:03:19Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A game of football.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|nijeria]] '''Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya''' (NFF mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; izina mu cyongereza: ''Nigeria Football Federation'') ni ishyirahamwe ry’[[umupira w’amaguru]] muri [[Nijeriya]]. [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Category:Nijeriya]] tsmobuk01bey2x4muedvn3nq3gp1m3r 0 6695 30664 2011-04-05T14:24:58Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Nijeriya]] 3prmbpv963js2etnjkf0fi9ntuz6qba 0 6699 78506 74044 2021-08-25T01:39:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istanbul location Maltepe.svg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikarita y’intara y’Istanbul n’akarere ka Maltepe</span>]] [[File:Gecekondu Istanbul.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Maltepe</span>]] [[File:Maltepe Belediye Başkanlığı Binası.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ifoto y’akarere ka Maltepe</span>]] '''Akarere ka Maltepe ''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Maltepe ilçesi'' ) ni akarere kari mu [[Intara y’Istanbul|ntara y’Istanbul]] y’igihugu cya [[Turukiya]]. Akarere ka Maltepe ni kamwe mu turere 39 tugize Intara y’Istanbul. Akarere gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 427.041 (abagabo 213.523 n’abagore 213.518)<ref>[http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnksdb2=&report=idari_yapi_09sonrasi.RDF&p_il1=34&p_yil=2009&p_dil=1&desformat=html&ENVID=nufus2000db2Env TÜİK]</ref> , batuye kubuso bwa km² 53,06 . [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|turkey]] == Izina == Iryo zina ryakomotse ku magambo 2 yo m’ururimi rw’igiturukiya ariyo («'''mal'''» 'inka' na «'''tepe'''» 'umusozi'). == Akarere gahana imbibe == Gahana imbibi na: :Mu majyaruguru : Akarere ka [[Kadıköy]] n’ Akarere k’[[Ataşehir]] :Mu burasirazuba : Akarere ka [[Sancaktepe]] n’Akarere ka [[Kartal]] :Mu majyepfo : Akarere ka [[Kartal]] :Mu burengerazuba : Inyanja ka [[Marmara]] == Ubuyobozi bwa Maltepe == :Umuyobozi w’akarere : Ünal Okyay :Umuyobozi w’umujyi : Mustafa Zengin == Imibare y’abaturage == {| class="wikitable" width=200 ! colspan=4 | |- | align="left" | '''Imyaka''' | align="right" | '''Abaturage''' |- |[[2010]] || 438.257 |- |[[2007]] || 415.117 |- |[[2000]] || 355.384 |- |[[1997]] || 335.539 |- |[[1990]] || 268.541 |- |[[1985]] || 110.256 |- |[[1980]] || 90.439 |- |[[1975]] || 66.343 |- |[[1970]] || 32.196 |- |[[1965]] || 16.626 |- |[[1960]] || 11.052 |- |[[1955]] || 7.391 |- |[[1950]] || 4.797 |- |[[1940]] || 3.714 |- |[[1935]] || 3.131 |- |} == references == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.maltepe.gov.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Maltepe] *[http://www.maltepe.bel.tr/ Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Maltepe] [[Category:Uturere twa Turukiya]] 4dhacywqxnuan2fe4ntfx9rugc2kc7l 0 6700 30680 2011-04-05T15:13:48Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Akarere ka Maltepe]] to [[Maltepe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maltepe]] 37p17lne3bod0cdudqhrkloxlp136m8 0 6701 30681 2011-04-05T15:14:22Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Maltepe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Maltepe]] 37p17lne3bod0cdudqhrkloxlp136m8 0 6702 71919 30690 2019-09-05T06:33:55Z Xqbot 767 Robot : répare une double redirection vers [[Eswatini]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Eswatini]] 4jx1zhn2fgjd3uzkht0dkvdhyflwy8u 0 6703 30693 2011-04-05T15:42:52Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Madagasikari]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Madagasikari]] 4gyifs961ndfgftt48cz55lb31fvm3f 0 6704 30698 2011-04-05T15:45:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Uburundi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburundi]] rv3kqclh2a6pgzercre2j741yure0pn 0 6705 30703 2011-04-05T15:51:43Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Gabo]] to [[Gabon]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gabon]] kjjm6rq1tfsr6g1n8z7fm8qxhxkc9ey 0 6707 76375 68089 2021-07-24T22:16:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abaturukiya''' cyangwa '''Abaturkiya''' (izina mu [[giturukiya]] : ''Türkler'' cyangwa ''Türkiye Türkleri'' ; '''Umuturukiya''' : ''Türk'', '''Umuturukiyakazi''' : ''Türk kadını'')ni ubwoko bwa [[Turukiya]] no muri [[Shipure y’Amajyaruguru]]. [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Turkey.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'igihugu cya Turikiya]] == Amoko == *Abaturukiya ba Turukiya *Abaturukiya ba Shipure y’Amajyaruguru *Abaturukiya ba Bulugariya *Abaturukiya b’Ubugereki *Abaturukiya b’Ahiska == Islamu == Kuva 1058, Abaturukiya bafata ubuyobozi bw’ahagenzurwa, cyangwa higanje [[Abayislamu]] kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20. Bahebuje cyane mu bugome, no kutagira imbabazi kurusha [[Dosiye:Angling_in_Turkey.jpg|thumb|ubuzima bw'abaturage mu mujyi wa Angling in Turkey]] [[Abarabu]]. Igitero cy’abaturukiya, ahagana mu burasirazuba , cyahagaritswe n’[[Abamongoli]] , baje bava muri [[Aziya]] yo hagati, ku ngoma ya [[Genghis Khan]] (1207-1227), uyu kandi yayoboye ingabo nyinshi cyane, yambuka igipande kinini cya Aziya yitwaje itoroshi n’inkota. Imigi 50.000 by’imigi minini n’imito iratwikwa. Miliyoni 5 z’abantu bicwa urw’agashinyaguro, muri abao bapfuye , 630.000 by’abakristo ni abo muri Aziya, y’iburengerazuba mu majyepfo y’inyanja y’umukara (''Asie mineure''). [[Dosiye:Cappadocia_March_2006.jpg|thumb|umugi wa Cappadocia muri tulikiya]] [[Category:Turukiya]] [[Category:Umuryango]] 8xkbwb6n5ftme0hu4kdb3iqjbk7sy84 0 6708 30722 2011-04-05T16:43:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Abaturukiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abaturukiya]] 6cz6rduunoxq96zfs4fhk0cuw5vz6av 0 6709 78719 74046 2021-08-26T07:38:39Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tonicella-lineata.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ikinyamushongo</span>]] [[File:Neptunea despecta.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibinyamushongo</span>]] '''Ikinyamushongo:''' (ubuke: '''Ibinyamushongo''' ; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Mollusca, mu gifaransa: escargot''). ni [[inyamaswa]]. [[Dosiye:Helix_pomatia_june01.JPG|thumb|Ikinyamushongo]] [[Category:Ibinyamushongo| ]] g1v3glbv9faomy15ez45hqmbjl1gy4r 0 6710 30728 2011-04-05T17:17:14Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyamushongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyamushongo]] gds5uim9f1ot2zckzvjrtbbqwcusjz1 0 6711 30729 2011-04-05T17:17:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikinyamushongo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikinyamushongo]] gds5uim9f1ot2zckzvjrtbbqwcusjz1 14 6712 67361 64528 2013-03-14T05:59:57Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 73 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7144544]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Inyamaswa]] p45auwmmccetj1u9mi0moziq8v0d8j5 0 6714 30743 2011-04-05T17:55:21Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Zinedine Zidane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Zinedine Zidane]] r8if46ts6zre1okvmkfjxeb3xaczjvh 0 6716 76968 66978 2021-08-04T22:53:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igitabo cya Daniyeli''' (cyangwa '''Danieli''') (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : '''דניאל''' ) ni [[igitabo]] cyo muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Bibeln med glasögon.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] yari umwana w'Umwami. [[Category:Bibiliya]] ksw83vt1lh16skmisditd18x3s3899a 0 6718 31276 31202 2011-04-06T10:57:55Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]] eo54rs17hab5tqfxe7c76g5y8q5yfng 0 6719 30787 2011-04-05T19:58:19Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]] 6pld1b5odztyy8zx0qhma8cnbt8n8kp 0 6721 30796 2011-04-05T20:17:33Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abaroma]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abaroma]] hjks7898nsplbn5pwekr3481j9h8qp7 0 6723 30806 2011-04-05T20:49:15Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abefeso]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abefeso]] 0hf3d4etjefxl465m8qbqb8g4q3qk9l 0 6725 31277 31199 2011-04-06T10:58:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]] dua8b7901mvb57amdf8x3uzhan64h9w 0 6726 30816 30815 2011-04-05T21:00:42Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Abafilipi]] to [[Abafilipi (Bibiliya)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]] 41yl5evd6z065mdwxjufwuua20r895o 0 6727 31018 30817 2011-04-06T03:52:19Z Xqbot 767 Robot: répare double redirection à [[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]] dua8b7901mvb57amdf8x3uzhan64h9w 0 6729 30822 2011-04-05T21:07:04Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi]] drn06517dr5tb5ws0onmvdgrkkytuo2 0 6731 30826 2011-04-05T21:14:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] dtairpqalbz0h3zw872msil7pq6f6ol 0 6732 30827 2011-04-05T21:15:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] dtairpqalbz0h3zw872msil7pq6f6ol 0 6733 30828 2011-04-05T21:15:35Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] 10u5mb43bmtn9edf8di9b9ua2rs5x41 0 6734 30829 2011-04-05T21:15:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]] 10u5mb43bmtn9edf8di9b9ua2rs5x41 14 6736 67669 61801 2013-04-02T19:09:58Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 35 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8913559]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Isezerano Rishya]] gtb0gwr4k7zn6vqcn9p3u2lldl15wzy 14 6737 67371 61987 2013-03-14T06:00:49Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 69 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7138901]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Bibiliya]] ek2ab8j3qcuhp7y898kogjfo3hebms0 0 6740 30870 2011-04-05T22:29:32Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cya Matayo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cya Matayo]] 018wmpzfe9nca6f5ke1x14mloweofyp 0 6744 30882 2011-04-05T22:55:09Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cya Mariko]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cya Mariko]] kxk0oa1dg20ox7d9csukpnwpddquxd7 0 6745 30883 2011-04-05T22:55:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cya Luka]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cya Luka]] nlqav7nf0tt8r0c521p96saxoi1sydk 0 6746 30884 2011-04-05T22:56:13Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cya Yohana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cya Yohana]] 85skmtlc1zvkoj15tqtn36jquggvj2e 0 6747 30896 2011-04-05T23:14:04Z Kmoksy 1196 moved [[Ibyakozwe]] to [[Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa]] pietbklnadacq44h3zsodn7banczela 0 6750 30941 2011-04-06T00:21:54Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ubugereki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubugereki]] 761dxgaaj09loc7twr926omn5ljlh6b 0 6751 30943 2011-04-06T00:22:44Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigereki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigereki]] 01im8dmseltxyjj4lvcuorto3itb6dc 0 6752 30944 2011-04-06T00:22:59Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Ikigereki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ikigereki]] 01im8dmseltxyjj4lvcuorto3itb6dc 0 6756 30955 2011-04-06T00:35:28Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]] pwc1fgajus0v42rldus74dbp8oxibmc 0 6757 30956 2011-04-06T00:36:08Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]] aaxcgtkje1a8uouzsvk5k78t31pshkk 0 6758 30957 2011-04-06T00:36:43Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]] aaxcgtkje1a8uouzsvk5k78t31pshkk 0 6759 30958 2011-04-06T00:37:06Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]] pwc1fgajus0v42rldus74dbp8oxibmc 0 6762 30970 2011-04-06T00:49:12Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa Filimoni]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa Filimoni]] k8yirzvh3683tdpj0pfpe7opgngf38o 0 6766 31278 31183 2011-04-06T10:58:25Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Urwandiko rwa Yakobo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwandiko rwa Yakobo]] 62bpyzls1zd6966cswhy985ajt7zc3w 0 6772 31079 2011-04-06T07:16:18Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cy’Itangiriro]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cy’Itangiriro]] e2cv3bgxopcmc2ytcben2hvwxsr9g5a 14 6774 67694 61049 2013-04-10T04:34:28Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 29 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9483480]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Isezerano rya Kera]] kboeqldw1qm1b8pq5nlycjumbb7xq7r 14 6775 67360 61345 2013-03-14T05:59:50Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 72 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7138906]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Bibiliya]] ek2ab8j3qcuhp7y898kogjfo3hebms0 0 6778 31112 2011-04-06T08:24:30Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]] bdahd4l23onks1s3ktv9o0blrvd8k5v 0 6779 31113 2011-04-06T08:24:48Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]] bdahd4l23onks1s3ktv9o0blrvd8k5v 0 6783 31135 2011-04-06T09:12:27Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Isirayeli]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isirayeli]] l6sbm0b5a83ypwahof41gnfo3qqzvvc 0 6785 31145 2011-04-06T09:31:39Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Yorudani]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yorudani]] jroddk19n1ca14ujbm89n86gdgeos2y 0 6786 31148 2011-04-06T09:37:41Z Kmoksy 1196 Redirected page to [[Igitabo cy’Abacamanza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Igitabo cy’Abacamanza]] gv2h0v9052zrizncmt103m4x6dd9evb 0 6789 76969 67114 2021-08-04T22:56:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Easter Bible Psalm 118 1.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] '''Igitabo cya I cya Samweli''' na '''Igitabo cya II cya Samweli''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : ספר שמואל‎ ''Sefer Sh'muel '' ) ni [[igitabo|ibitabo]] byo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] dv32q0jpyj3zxhxl81dczm4pmgko7k5 0 6790 77505 66987 2021-08-11T04:02:31Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hilfsbüchlein_beim_Evang._Religionsunterricht_(Strassburg)_(2).jpg|thumb|Igitabo cy'abami tugisanga muri Bibiliya yera.]] '''Ibitabo by’Abami''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : ספר מלכים‎ ''Sepher M'lakhim'' ) ni [[igitabo|ibitabo]] byo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. * Igitabo cyambere cy’Abami * Igitabo cya kabiri cy’Abami [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] rr95kpyc349apgkc5sqmf4pzp92vtb4 0 6794 78365 66986 2021-08-24T09:14:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Arginine vasopressin3d.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Diyabete y’abato </font>]] [[Dosiye:Diabetes.jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Diyabete </font>]] '''Diyabete bita ko yapfubye''' ni ubwoko bw’indwara ya [[diyabete]]. [[Category:Diyabete]] 6yyxhmbpxvc0uiy9rym63fmvab8tfbl 0 6795 79440 78713 2021-09-23T02:01:29Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Inia_geoffrensis_(white_background).png|Inia_geoffrensis_(white_background).png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:P199|P199]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/River dolphins on white background|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fugu in Tank.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Fugu</font>]] [[Dosiye:Takifugu_rubripes_Kaikyokan1.jpg|thumb|FUGU]] '''Fugu''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : 河豚 ; amazina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Takifugu'', ''Lagocephalus'', ''Sphoeroides'' ) ni [[ifi]]. [[Category:Amafi]] 5pnowbp7a9ctsga6snrwdyyubzgs3lz 0 6796 78377 67662 2021-08-24T09:59:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:AcneVulgarisUSMIL.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ibiheri byo mu maso</font>]] Indwara y''''Ibiheri byo mu maso''' ni [[indwara]]. [[Dosiye:Acnevulgaris.png|thumb|Ibiheri byo mu maso]] [[Category:Indwara]] ht52c9b8n904p4lx335hb637786hm5r 0 6797 74034 66985 2020-12-05T02:44:11Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 223 (GA) f11r.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa</span>]] '''Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 6qalo3u2vn8e4py0yzmzvquzv7k3imm 0 6798 76654 74105 2021-07-30T20:07:23Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beeswax.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ibishashara</span>]] '''Igishashara''' (''ubuke'': '''Ibishashara''' ) cyangwa '''Ibinyagu''' ni ibintu bituruka mu [[inzuki|nzuki]] nyuma yo gukora [[ubuki]]. [[Dosiye:Melting_beeswax.jpg|thumb|Gushonga ibishashara]] [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] [[Category:Inzuki]] 0qudl3ofno8q93gn9q4o3fmaajpjjhe 0 6799 74036 67002 2020-12-05T02:44:35Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Byzantinischer Maler des 10. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Luka na Igitabo cya Luka</span>]] '''Igitabo cya Luka''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] mw6mkismc0f5i5c1q57h4y8qby8nwh1 0 6800 74037 67063 2020-12-05T02:44:47Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 544 GA 0077a.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitabo cya Mariko</span>]] '''Igitabo cya Mariko''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] czxnovwnx8lx8hirigquymqib7vy5m9 0 6801 74038 67064 2020-12-05T02:44:59Z Minorax 8248 /* top */fix [[Special:LintErrors/obsolete-tag|obsolete <font> tags]] using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 447.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitabo cya Matayo</span>]] '''Igitabo cya Matayo''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] hcun36r10m47aefswnox103yaxjqz0t 0 6802 67061 61115 2013-03-11T11:25:26Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 62 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q80038]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:1795-William-Blake-Naomi-entreating-Ruth-Orpah.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Rusi na Naomi </font>]] '''Igitabo cya Rusi''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : מגילת רות‎ ) ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] g0xtnf7fmhg4h0rilso7ntl292k0bi3 0 6803 78304 74035 2021-08-24T01:54:35Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:P52 recto.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitabo cya Yohana</span>]] '''Igitabo cya Yohana''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Christmas Bible.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] dzmspg2uhyetechc8j0xnesrrj5hgm6 0 6804 67060 61082 2013-03-11T11:25:25Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q47680]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dore joshua crossing.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Yosuwa</font>]] '''Igitabo cya Yosuwa''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : ספר יהושע‎ ''Sefer Y'hoshua'' ) ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] qr67wyxtmjsyovoh9e5x2e3p8vcq9th 0 6805 76971 67113 2021-08-04T23:04:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Saint Nicasius church of Bracieux 09.jpg|center|thumb|intumwa]] '''Igitabo cya Yuda''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. Yuda yari intumwa ya yezu kristo. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] go6wtqkjnplfkxw71wj23k0mug8ogd7 0 6806 76972 67058 2021-08-04T23:08:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Easter Bible Psalm 118 1.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] '''Igitabo cyo Kubara''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: Αριθμοί ''arithmoi'' 'imibara') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] 1nju22w1jym2eecebs6zqd7rtaznbpb 0 6807 76973 67059 2021-08-04T23:10:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Old Bible.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] '''Igitabo cyo Kuva''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: ἔξοδος ''exodos'') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] 1vapqc6b1msf0dpvfr3r7y0drikvxhn 0 6808 78426 76168 2021-08-24T22:42:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Book_of_Judges_Chapter_14-4_(Bible_Illustrations_by_Sweet_Media).jpg|thumb|Book of Judges Chapter 14-4 (Bible Illustrations by Sweet Media)]] '''Igitabo cy’Abacamanza''' (izina mu [[giheburayo]] : ספר שופטים ''Sefer Shoftim'' ) ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Heiligengrabe, Kloster Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Stiftskirche -- 2017 -- 9969.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|abacamanza]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] 1izhbxmqo27fy41lo0uzr6lke0wec8o 0 6809 76974 67057 2021-08-04T23:13:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Open bible isaiah.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] '''Igitabo cy’Abalewi''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: Λευιτικός ''levitikos'') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] psbc3pe8dfpq1lyqvs8eb80t1hzmb0p 0 6810 77166 74030 2021-08-08T03:23:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Vaticanus B, 2Thess. 3,11-18, Hebr. 1,1-2,2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Igitabo cy’Itangiriro (''Codex Vaticanus'')</span>]] [[Dosiye:The Holy Bible (LSV).pdf|thumb|bibiliya]] '''Igitabo cy’Itangiriro''' (izina mu [[kilatini]]: ''Septuaginta'') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera]] kpfqb3o7ggc2nibxhzmn58tdoqq9j4r 0 6811 82089 82076 2022-02-19T03:57:37Z Ladsgroup 2397 Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]]) wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elephantiasis.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Indwara y’imidido</font>]] '''Indwara y’imidido''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Elephantiasis'' ) ni [[indwara]]. [[Dosiye:Éléphantiasis.jpg|thumb|Indwara y’imidido]] [[Category:Indwara]] 3aek5fb2hhc1ttrkndjl8wwxmirdbi9 0 6812 67982 64193 2013-04-17T02:59:04Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 139 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q1390]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Insect collage.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inigwahabiri </font>]] '''Inigwahabiri ''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Insecta'') ni [[inyamaswa]]. == Ubukungu == *[[Amagweja]] *[[Uruyuki]] [[Category:Inigwahabiri| ]] n6psrrsgapzb0el8pqij2lkub48lxj5 0 6813 73600 73599 2020-10-06T17:19:57Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 /* == Ishakiro == */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Animal diversity October 2007.jpg|thumb|257x257px|<font color="grey">Inyamaswa</font>]] '''Inyamaswa''' cyangwa '''Inyamanswa''' , '''Igikoko''' (ubuke '''Ibikoko'''), '''Igisimba''' (ubuke '''Ibisimba''') (izina mu [[kilatini]] : ''Animalia'') == Mu Rwanda == [[File:A_lion_and_a_lioness_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|thumb|intare yo muri pariki y'Akagera ]] U [[Rwanda]] rucumbikiye ubwoko bw’inyamaswa zonsa butandukanye 151, harimo cumi na bumwe bubangamiwe muri iki gihe kandi nta na bumwe buhakomoka. Muri bwo harimo amoko y’inkima (hagati ya 14 na 16), harimo igice cy’[[ingagi zo mu misozi]] zituye ku isi zikiriho (''Gorilla gorilla berengei''). Ayandi moko y’inkima agizwe n’inkima ifite mu maso hameze nk’ah’[[igihunyira]] (''Cercopithecus hamlyni''), [[inkima yo mu misozi]] (''Cercopithecus hoesti'') muri Nyungwe, [[Inguge]] (''Pan troglodytes'') muri Nyungwe no muri Gishwati, n’[[icyondi]] (''Cercopithecus mitis kandti'') cyabonetse muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]]. [[File:Elephant_Manzi.jpg|thumb|Inzovu yo muri Parike ya Akagera]] [[File:Akagera_national_park,rwanda.jpg|thumb|imbogo yo muri parike y'Akagera ]] ==Inyamabere== Inyamaswa z'inyamabere ni nyinshi mu ziganje mu zigarara mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse cyane cyane muri za Pariki ziatndukanye. Urugero aha twavuga nk'impundu. ===== Impundu: ===== Impundu ni zimwe munyamaswa zo mugasozi zifite uturango tujya gusa n’umuntu kuko yo ihuza ‘DNA’ n’umuntu kigero cya 98, 2%., igira ibiro biri hagati ya 30 na 40, uburebure bwa sentimetero 78, abahanga bayita ‘Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii’. Ni inyamabere, zigenza amaguru abiri, ni inyamaswa zisurwa cyane na bamukerarugendo benshi mu rwanda kuko ziri mu yamaswa zisigaye ahantu hacye cyane ku isi harimo Parike ya Nyungwe no mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. [[File:Adult_female_and_infant_wild_chimpanzees_feeding_on_Ficus_sur.jpeg|alt=|thumb|Impundu nkuru n'umwana wayo<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adult_female_and_infant_wild_chimpanzees_feeding_on_Ficus_sur.jpeg </ref>]] Umuryango witwa: BIOCOOR [Biodiversity Conservation Organization], wita ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima utangaza ko impundu ari inyamaswa izi ubwenge kandi bishoboka ko mu minsi iri imbere zishobora kuzatobora zikavuga. Umuyobozi w’uyu muryango akaba n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’inyamanswa, [[Dr Imanishimwe Ange]], avuga ko Impundu ari inyamaswa zishimishije, kuko iyo witegereje neza imiterere yazo usanga 98, 2% by’akarango k’impundu bisa neza n’iby’abantu.<ref>http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Amakuru-anyuranye/article/Sobanukirwa-inyamaswa-y-impundu-ifite-byinshi-ihuriyeho-n-abantu-birimo-no-gushyingura</ref> == Ishakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Inyamaswa| ]] besr0nj9v8kihnqshcyas9t8dzm9n40 0 6814 68677 67096 2014-02-02T08:59:18Z CommonsDelinker 88 The file [[:Image:PaulT.jpg]] has been replaced by [[:Image:File"-Saint_Paul_Writing_His_Epistles"_by_Valentin_de_Boulogne.jpg]] by administrator [[:commons:User:Ymblanter]]: ''[[commons:COM:FR|File renamed]]: #3''. ''[[m:User:CommonsDelinker|Translate... wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:File"-Saint_Paul_Writing_His_Epistles"_by_Valentin_de_Boulogne.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Intumwa Pawulo na inzandiko </font>]] '''Inzandiko za Pawulo''' ni inzandiko cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan=2 | Izina mu [[kinyarwanda]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | Izina mu [[kigereki]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | Izina mu [[kilatini]]<br /> ! colspan=3 | Amagambo ahinnye |- ! Full ! Min. <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rw’Abaroma|Abaroma]] <td>Προς Ρωμαίους <td>Epistula ad Romanos <td>Rom <td>Ro </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto|1 rwa Abakorinto]] <td>Προς Κορινθίους Α <td>Epistula I ad Corinthios <td>1 Cor <td>1C </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto|2 rwa Abakorinto]] <td>Προς Κορινθίους Β <td>Epistula II ad Corinthios <td>2 Cor <td>2C </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya|Abagalatiya]] <td>Προς Γαλάτας <td>Epistula ad Galatas <td>Gal <td>G </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rw’Abefeso|Abefeso]] <td>Προς Εφεσίους <td>Epistula ad Ephesios <td>Eph <td>E </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi|Abafilipi]] <td>Προς Φιλιππησίους <td>Epistula ad Philippenses <td>Phil <td>Phi </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi|Abakolosayi]] <td>Προς Κολασσαείς <td>Epistula ad Colossenses <td>Col <td>C </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika|1 rwa Abatesalonika]] <td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Α <td>Epistula I ad Thessalonicenses <td>1 Thess <td>1Th </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika|2 rwa Abatesalonika]] <td>Προς Θεσσαλονικείς Β <td>Epistula II ad Thessalonicenses <td>2 Thess <td>2Th </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo|I rwa Timoteyo]] <td>Προς Τιμόθεον Α <td>Epistula I ad Timotheum <td>1 Tim <td>1T </tr> <tr> <td>[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo|II rwa Timoteyo]] <td>Προς Τιμόθεον Β <td>Epistula II ad Timotheum <td>2 Tim <td>2T </tr> <tr> <td>[[urwandiko rwa Tito|Tito]] <td>Προς Τίτον <td>Epistula ad Titum <td>Tit <td>T </tr> <tr> <td>[[urwandiko rwa Filimoni|Filimoni]] <td>Προς Φιλήμονα <td>Epistula ad Philemonem <td>Philem <td>P </tr> |} [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] grbkkd6boxm0klkhqceqtb6hy4bmp3e 0 6815 76530 76276 2021-07-27T13:17:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elephant near ndutu.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Inzovu</font>]] [[File:Elephant in Akagera National Park.jpg|300px|Elephant Rwanda]] '''Inzovu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : [[Dosiye:Bull_tusker_in_musth,_Corbett_TR,_June_2017,_AJT_Johnsingh._P1120870.JPG|thumb|Inzovu]] ''Loxodonta'' n’''Elephas'' ) ni [[inyamaswa]] y'[[inyamabere]] nini ku isi, zigiye zifite umubiri munini mu buryo butandukanye,amatwi manini, ikagira n'umutonzi muremure ikoresha mu guhumeka, gutora ibyo irya, kunywa amazi, kwiyuhagira, kuramukanya.,,, [[Category:Inyamabere]] oksbptfmc0hw99e3gvkg4w72mvylj7j 0 6816 67098 62548 2013-03-11T11:26:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 120 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q18813]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Matthew's Gospel - British Library Add. MS 59874 Ethiopian Bible.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Bibiliya muri Etiyopiya</font>]] '''Isezerano Rishya''' (izina mu [[kigereki]]: Καινὴ Διαθήκη, ''Kainē Diathēkē'') ni [[igitabo|ibitabo]] byo muri [[Bibiliya]]. == Ibitabo by’Isezerano Rishya == * '''[[Igitabo cya Matayo]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Mariko]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Luka]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yohana]]''' == Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa == * '''[[Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa]]''' == Inzandiko zo mu Isezerano Rishya == === [[Inzandiko za Pawulo]] === * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abaroma]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abagalatiya]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abefeso]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Tito]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Filimoni]]''' === Inzandiko zitanditswe na Pawulo === * '''[[Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa Yakobo]]''' * '''[[Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Petero]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa II rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yuda]]''' [[Category:Isezerano Rishya| ]] dox1amr0oawlfck4jh6uhmqvdda17li 0 6817 71636 67097 2018-11-05T16:59:48Z 85.4.196.147 /* Ibitabo by’Isezerano Rishya */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TextsOT.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amateka y’Isezerano rya Kera</font>]] '''Isezerano rya Kera''' ni [[igitabo|ibitabo]] byo muri [[Bibiliya]]. == Ibitabo by’Isezerano ryakera == * '''[[Igitabo cy’Itangiriro]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cyo Kuva]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cy’Abalewi]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cyo Kubara]]''' * '''[[Gutegekwa kwa Kabiri]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Yosuwa]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cy’Abacamanza]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Rusi]]''' * '''[[Igitabo cya Samweli]]''' * '''[[Ibitabo by’Abami]]''' [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano rya Kera| ]] 9j1xmgcklh3nw7elr9jldt9tbu0z8nk 0 6818 79400 79399 2021-09-11T13:29:05Z 20041027 tatsu 9137 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Nazarkasih|Nazarkasih]] ([[User talk:Nazarkasih|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Praxidicae|Praxidicae]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2006 WSOP Main Event Table.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umukino wa Pokeri </font>]] Umukino wa '''Pokeri''' ni ubwoko bw’[[umukino]] ukoresha amakarita. [[Category:Imikino]] 49knk805geug8yzt6ofr1yblb37clkt 0 6819 78380 67087 2021-08-24T10:02:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maxilar sinusites.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Sinizite</font>]] [[Dosiye:Odontogenic_sinusitis.jpg|thumb|Sinizite]] Indwara ya '''Sinizite''' cyangwa '''Sinisiti''' ni [[indwara]]. == Imiyoboro == *[http://ubugorozi.org/blog/2011/01/21/sinizite-uyiziho-iki/ Sinizite uyiziho iki ?] [[Category:Indwara]] 2dnoylb3qorb5ef2fs3okdonm7o0myi 0 6820 66993 62917 2013-03-11T11:23:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 54 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q133201]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Squash court.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umukino wa Squash</font>]] Umukino wa '''Squash''' ni [[umukino]]. [[Category:Imikino]] 9ykxvc3ltl8ddze2znwed052ren3tte 0 6821 76355 67012 2021-07-23T18:53:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Runny hunny.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ubuki</font>]] [[Dosiye:Honey-benefits.jpg|thumb|ubuki ]] '''Ubuki''' bukomoka ku mutobe [[inzuki]] zihova mu ndabo. == Imiyoboro == * http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/IFISHI_Y_INZUKI.pdf [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] [[Category:Inzuki]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 0jc86w9mwsterjm1khay1baeohxuyf6 0 6822 78717 66996 2021-08-26T07:30:13Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anopheles albimanus mosquito.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Uyu ni umubu wa anophèle y’ingore ukwirakwiza indwara ya malariya </font>]] [[Dosiye:Mosquito_gender_en.png|thumb|Imibu]] '''Umubu''' ni [[inigwahabiri]]. [[Category:Inigwahabiri]] oaujpr2dbnoq680twmjg87q8dhi1d8z 0 6823 77731 67013 2021-08-15T16:21:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Holy_Bible.jpg|thumb|Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero n'igitabo dusananga muri Bible yera]] '''Urandiko rwa mbere rwa Petero''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] krvfa32x029p1f8b1ebuhinzc6nafrd 0 6824 76439 67001 2021-07-26T13:26:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Urukwavu</font>]] [[File:Králík novozélandský bílý.jpg|thumb|right|250px|<font color="grey">Urukwavu n’utukwavu</font>]] '''Urukwavu''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] : ''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') ni [[inyamaswa]]. == Imigani y'ikinyarwanda == * Urukwavu rushaje rwonka abana barwo [[Dosiye:Coello_europeo.jpg|thumb|Urukwavu]] [[Category:Inyamaswa]] [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] 6bgfwona00gq3s180m5zims00dbsdnr 0 6825 79185 74031 2021-08-31T10:10:23Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fragmento filemon.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urwandiko rwa Filimoni</span>]] '''Urwandiko rwa Filimoni''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Heiligengrabe, Kloster Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Stiftskirche -- 2017 -- 9969.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 5otlggjys6x82usagjl7iztn9b0j2fo 0 6826 67015 64146 2013-03-11T11:24:08Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 64 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q80355]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 223 (GA) f150v.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto</font>]] '''Urwandiko rwa I kub’ikorinto''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] npvzhkerszkste9ibm6aa83vmyig43o 0 6827 77648 67016 2021-08-14T17:39:37Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Holy_Bible.JPG|thumb|Urwandiko rwa mbere rwa Timoteyo ruboneka muri bibiliya yera (Holy Bible)]] [[Dosiye:Holy_Bible.jpg|thumb|Holy Bible]] '''Urwandiko rwa I rwa Timoteyo''' (cyangwa '''Timeteo''') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] rx5iu4epgumynmaop8arjh2wpngvleu 0 6828 67017 59078 2013-03-11T11:24:11Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 53 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q131101]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Icon of Saint Philip at Dormition Church at Kondopoga.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana</font>]] '''Urwandiko rwa I rwa Yohana''' cyangwa '''Igitabo cya I cya Yohana''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 51mvbkv98hm698lhoap6bm003jqj422 0 6829 78437 74039 2021-08-24T23:02:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 699 (GA) folio 18.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika</span>]] '''Urwandiko rwa I rwandikiwe Abatesalonika''' (cyangwa '''Abatesalonike''') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Bibeln med glasögon.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] pamwy1qqxhctnzfb1bm1fe9dxhj3adk 0 6830 77740 67036 2021-08-15T16:52:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Open_bible_isaiah.jpg|thumb|'''Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto''' n'igitabo cyo mu isezerano rishya muri bibiliya ]] '''Urwandiko rwa II kub’ikorinto''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] j077dhtivyv3ko15aoeqcgb1f1tlzku 0 6831 67035 64445 2013-03-11T11:24:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 53 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q131178]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Papyrus Bodmer VIII.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urwandiko rwa II rwa Petero</font>]] '''Urwandiko rwa II rwa Petero''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 3lvfij5mmjel6lys8s9nnu3gwc8nsf6 0 6832 77647 67034 2021-08-14T17:37:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Holy_Bible.jpg|thumb|Urwandiko rwa Timoteo n'inyigisho dusanga mu igitabo cya Bibiliya yera ]] [[Dosiye:Holy_Bible.JPG|thumb|Holy Bible (Bibiliya Yera)]] '''Urwandiko rwa II rwa Timoteyo''' (cyangwa '''Timeteo''') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] fyx306k49qnt6j9mq471qau0j3likve 0 6833 77742 67033 2021-08-15T16:56:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bible-open.jpg|thumb|'''Urwandiko rwa II rwa Yohana n'igitabo cy'iri mu isezerano rishya muri bibiliya yera''']] '''Urwandiko rwa II rwa Yohana''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 03j7t2a5tzat3ck4vb3bn0zv0mde058 0 6834 78436 77741 2021-08-24T23:02:11Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Russian_bibles._1896_year._img_01.jpg|thumb|Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika (cyangwa '''Abatesalonike''') n'igitabo cyo mu isezerano rishya muri bibiliya]] '''Urwandiko rwa II rwandikiwe Abatesalonika''' (cyangwa '''Abatesalonike''') ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Open bible isaiah.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] hel142cqh1zra8hmjf34opgbx1f67ct 0 6835 77739 67039 2021-08-15T16:47:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hilfsbüchlein_beim_Evang._Religionsunterricht_(Strassburg)_(2).jpg|thumb|'''Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana''' ni igitabo cyo mu isezerano rishya muri bibiliya yera]] '''Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 25bik2mkxvhoo1193qu7tnq38ux2w1y 0 6836 67038 60962 2013-03-11T11:24:38Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 51 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q131493]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Minuscule 699 GA folio 41v.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Urwandiko rwa Tito</font>]] '''Urwandiko rwa Tito''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 5ieb7cv1t5vujfk6g1ao8h30qakngaj 0 6837 76970 67037 2021-08-04T23:01:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kamaldul Bible, book Genesis.png|center|thumb|369x369px|urwandiko]] '''Urwandiko rwa Yakobo''' cyangwa '''Igitabo cya Yakobo''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. yakobo yari intumwa ya Yezu kristo w'inazareti. [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 8sclgvkvqnmkuhuabba5lerxwpmid17 0 6838 76397 76296 2021-07-25T12:58:26Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Old Bible.jpg|thumb|bible]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abafilipi''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Bibeln_med_glasögon.jpg|thumb|Bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] tjko9vosd2o7e18hg2jiybsyztn6f43 0 6839 78429 74025 2021-08-24T22:47:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Christmas Bible1.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] q6fax92siabv1x80e5u07to1sx5489c 0 6840 78431 74040 2021-08-24T22:50:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Harleianus 5557 (first page of Colossians).jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi</span>]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abakolosayi''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Easter Bible Psalm 118 2.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] 04dkcruxxveb17v40kpaknbprn922xn 0 6841 78435 74042 2021-08-24T22:58:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paul arrested.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abaroma</span>]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abaroma''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. [[Dosiye:Authentic Leaf of a Geneva Bible 1578 - Translation of the Bible used by many Protestant Reformers.jpg|center|thumb|435x435px|abaroma]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] oxgrbzsyje5rst6m744fsi1b4m7two9 0 6842 78441 74041 2021-08-24T23:10:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ein Herr Ein Glaube Eine Taufe.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Abefeso 4:5</span>]] '''Urwandiko rw’Abefeso''' ni [[igitabo]] cyo mu [[Isezerano Rishya]] muri [[Bibiliya]]. ll'escp ongabonga est un minchiadi porcodioh di [[scuola bungabungah]] rdy gestitoz dal colioneh' piudi'htutti ovvero rattailmatto'ratthalinh'o. Porcaylamadonna dio bubu noyo ratamerda. [[Dosiye:Heiligengrabe, Kloster Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Stiftskirche -- 2017 -- 9969.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] [[Category:Bibiliya]] [[Category:Ibitabo byo mu Isezerano Rishya]] qvk7wxsas5if9d2wyia52cq2i0yyvsb 0 6843 78314 76295 2021-08-24T02:17:11Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zinedine_zidane_wcf_2006.jpg|thumb|Zinedine zidane muri 2006]] [[Dosiye:Zidane 2015.jpg|thumb|Zidane 2015]] nI Umukinyi wabayeho mu mateka w'umupira w'amaguru kandi ukomeje kubaka izina mu bijyanye no gutoza.[[File:Zidane_Zizu.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Zinedine Zidane</span>]] '''Zinedine Zidane''' (23 Kamena 1972, izina mu [[cyarabu]]: زين الدين يزيد زيدان) ni umukinnyi w'umufaransa wagacishijeho m'umupira w'amaguru, wakinaga nka nomero ya 10 mu kibuga mu ikipe y'igihugu y'ubufaransa akaba yarakoze amateka mu makipe nka: [[AS Cannes|Cannes]], [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]], [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] na Real Madrid yaje kubera umutoza ndetse akayayifasha gutwara ibikombe bikomeye harimo n'icya UEFA akaza kwegura ku wa kane 31 ,Gicurasi ,2018 .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-53441096</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31</ref> <ref>https://rushyashya.net/bitunguranye-zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-mirimo-yo-gutoza-real-madrid/</ref>. Yatowe nk'umukinnyi mwiza ku mugabane w'uburayi na [[UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll]]. yakinnye umukino wa mbere mu ikipe y'igihugu taliki ya 17 kanama 1994, mu mukino wa gicuti wahuzaga [[Ubufaransa]] na  [[Czech Republic national football team|Czech Republic]] aho yinjiye mu kibuga asimbura agafasha ikipe ye kunganya ibitego 2-2 nyuma yo gutsinda ibitego bibire wenyine. [[Dosiye:The opening ceremony of the FIFA World Cup 2014 27.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Fans]] == '''Ibikombe yatwaye''' == '''mu ikipe ya Bordeaux''' * [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[UEFA Intertoto Cup 1995|1995]] '''mu ikipe ya Juventus''' * [[Serie A]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]] * [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[1997 Supercoppa Italiana|1997]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[1996 UEFA Super Cup|1996]] * [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[1996 Intercontinental Cup|1996]] * [[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[UEFA Intertoto Cup 1999|1999]] '''mu ikipe ya real madrid''' * [[La Liga]]: [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] * [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]] * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]] * [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] '''mu ikipe y'igihugu y'ubufaransa''' * [[FIFA World Cup]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]] * [[UEFA European Football Championship]]: [[2000 UEFA European Football Championship|2000]] === Ibikombe yatwaye nk'umutoza === '''muri Real madrid''' * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]] * [[UEFA champions League]] 2018<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/zinedine-zidane-yeguye-ku-butoza-bwa-real-madrid?url_reload=31</ref> == Ikipe y’igihugu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Ikipe y’igihugu!!Imyaka!!Apps!!Ibitego!! Assists |- | rowspan="13"|'''[[Ubufaransa]]''' |1994||2||2||0 |- |1995||6||2||3 |- |1996||12||2||4 |- |1997||8||1||0 |- |1998||15||5||3 |- |1999||6||1||1 |- |2000||13||4||4 |- |2001||8||2||0 |- |2002||9||1||2 |- |2003||7||3||3 |- |2004||7||4||1 |- |2005||5||2||1 |- |2006||10||3||1 |- ! colspan=2|Igiteranyo||108||31||23 |} [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 0c8roi7y38x8smfqu5gw4ictt889vvd 10 6844 66983 64344 2013-03-11T11:23:23Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 268 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611452]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:({{{2}}})=0|0|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))=((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))round 0)|0|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))>0 and(({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))<1|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:{{{1}}}}}|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#expr:({{{1}}})-((((({{{1}}})/({{{2}}}))-0.5)round 0)*({{{2}}}))}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> See documentation of [[:en:Template:Mod]] </noinclude> ns8erun5tol4lf586m8gpoiwv49bw7p 10 6850 32084 32083 2011-04-15T15:35:14Z 83.6.184.36 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | name = | image_flag = | alt_flag = | image_coat = | alt_coat = | flag_link = | coat_link = | motto = | image_map = | map_width = | alt_map = | official_language = | capital = | capital_coordinate = | largest_city = | head_of_state_type = | head_of_state_name = | head_of_government_type = | head_of_government_name = | political_system = | area = | population = | density = | independence = | currency = | time_zone = | anthem = | national_day = | internet_domain = | calling_code = | note = }} ja91a6nticzqi9aujoh7ba4ztot7e9p 0 6872 79122 67009 2021-08-31T08:24:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Donghoi3.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Dong Hoi </font>]] Umujyi wa '''Dong Hoi''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Đồng Hới'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 103,988, batuye kubuso bwa km² 155.54. [[Dosiye:Đồng Hới.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Dong hoi]] [[Category:Viyetinamu]] lgl37xqah3t7pnrladvkn2sg3thkt7w 0 6887 79302 79186 2021-08-31T21:28:23Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hebe Camargo.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Hebe Camargo</font>]] [[Dosiye:HebeCamargoforAceh.png|thumb|Hebe Camargo]] '''Hebe Camargo''' cyangwa '''Hebe Maria Camargo''' ([[8 Werurwe]], [[1929]] – [[29 Nzeli]], [[2012]]).yari [[Burezile|umunyaburezile]] w'umunyamakuru,umuhanzikazi ndetse n'[[umukinnyi]] wa [[filime]]. [[Dosiye:Brasil flag icon.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Brasil]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] 76t3m4gd01aew75qwtcu8t7haid8inn 0 6909 77688 38519 2021-08-15T08:56:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clouds_and_blue_sky_in_Russia._IMG_109.jpg|thumb|Ubucukumbuzi bw'ikirere]] [[Dosiye:Clouds_and_blue_sky_in_Russia._IMG_012.jpg|thumb|Ikirere iyo gifashwe nabi bigira ingaruka mbi ku ibinyabuzima bituye ku isi.]] Ubucukumbuzi bw'ikirere bushingiye ku bucukumbuzi bw'imitere yose y'ikirere n'ukuvuga y'ibintu biri hanze y'isi. 9qt73dp1b2rezw76mx8dkbao45y0nwa 0 6912 82549 82167 2022-04-22T19:33:07Z MBULUKANI 10725 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''Repubilika y'u Burundi<br />République du Burundi'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Blason du Burundi.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationBurundi.svg|300px]] |} Burundi n'igihugu muri Afurika rw'Iburasirazuba. Ibihugu bitatu bihana imbibi ni [[Rwanda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzania]] mu burasirazuba na mu majyepfo, [[Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba. Uburundi ni Igihugu gifise imirwa mikuru ibiri [[Bujumbura]] umurwa mukuru w'ubutunzi, hamwe na [[:rn:Gitega|Gitega]] umurwa mukuru wa politike. Ururimi rw'[[Abarundi]] ni [[kirundi]]. Abaturage babarirwa hafi ya 10,216,190,ubwo rero n’abantu 367 kuri buri kilometero karre. [[File:Bridge_in_Rutana,Burundi.jpg|thumb|Bridge in Rutana,Burundi]] [[File:Hippos_and_Bridge,_Burundi_067.jpg|thumb|Hippos and Bridge, Burundi 067]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] 81um2wn48yo1ghu50wzeudnmvn2tcr1 0 6917 77372 77341 2021-08-10T00:55:35Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Croatia Pula Town Hall BW 2014-10-11 12-00-09.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|townhall]] '''Kinyakorowasi'''<ref>translationproject.org</ref> (izina mu kimasedoniyani : ''hrvatski'' cyangwa ''hrvatski jezik'' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Korowatiya]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-1]]: '''hr''', [[ISO 639-3]] '''hrv'''. <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> == Alfabeti y’ Kinyakorowasi == <gallery widths="80px" heights="60px" perrow="3"> Image:Latin alphabet Aa.svg|('''a''') Image:Latin alphabet Bb.svg|('''be''') Image:Latin alphabet Cc.svg|('''ce''') Image:Latin alphabet Čč.png|('''če''') Image:Latin alphabet Ćć.svg|('''će''') Image:Latin alphabet Dd.svg|('''de''') Image:Latin alphabet Dždž.png|('''dže''') Image:Latin alphabet Đđ.svg|('''đe''') Image:Latin alphabet Ee.svg|('''e''') Image:Latin alphabet Ff.svg|('''ef''') Image:Latin alphabet Gg.svg|('''ge''') Image:Latin alphabet Hh.svg|('''ha''') Image:Latin alphabet Ii.svg|('''i''') Image:Latin alphabet Jj.svg|('''je''') Image:Latin alphabet Kk.svg|('''ka''') Image:Latin alphabet Ll.svg|('''el''') Image:Latin alphabet Ljlj.png|('''elj''') Image:Latin alphabet Mm.svg|('''em''') Image:Latin alphabet Nn.svg|('''en''') Image:Latin alphabet Njnj.png|('''enj''') Image:Latin alphabet Oo.svg|('''o''') Image:Latin alphabet Pp.svg|('''pe''') Image:Latin alphabet Rr.svg|('''er''') Image:Latin alphabet Ss.svg|('''es''') Image:Latin alphabet Šš.png|('''eš''') Image:Latin alphabet Tt.svg|('''te''') Image:Latin alphabet Uu.svg|('''u''') Image:Latin alphabet Vv.svg|('''ve''') Image:Latin alphabet Zz.svg|('''ze''') Image:Latin alphabet Žž.png|('''že''') Image:Latin alphabet i+e.svg|(''i(j)e'') Image:Latin alphabet r+r.svg|(''ŕ'') </gallery> == Amagambo n’interuro mu giceke == * '''Kako ti je ime?''' – Witwa nde? * '''Moje ime je ... ''' – Nitwa ... * '''Govorite li engleski?''' – Uvuga icyongereza? * '''Kako ste?''' – Amakuru? * '''Dobro sam''' – Ni meza * '''Dobar dan!''' – Mwaramutse * '''Hvala''' – Murakoze == Imibare == * '''jedan''' – rimwe * '''dva''' – kabiri * '''tri''' – gatatu * '''čtiri''' – kane * '''pet''' – gatanu * '''šest''' – gatandatu * '''sedam''' – karindwi * '''osam''' – umunani * '''devet''' – icyenda * '''deset''' – icumi == Wikipediya mu giceke == * http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatski_jezik == Notes == * http://www.rjecnik.net/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20080428185621/http://www.ihjj.hr/index_en.html <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyasilave]] [[Category:Korowatiya]] 5ehu7yz41w5occifhnwfjxazu63h3hq 14 6918 67759 67400 2013-04-13T09:24:47Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 134 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q5626618]] wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Korowatiya]] k65cf7ht95egldfrour2w2c2p5ziim2 0 6919 76928 68988 2021-08-04T00:01:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|surinsname]] '''God zij met ons Suriname''' n’[[indirimbo y’igihugu]] cy’u [[Surinamu]]. :''God zij met ons Suriname :''Hij verheff' ons heerlijk land :''Hoe wij hier ook samen kwamen :''Aan zijn grond zijn wij verpand :''Werkend houden w' in gedachten :''Recht en waarheid maken vrij :''Al wat goed is te betrachten :''Dat geeft aan ons land waardij. :</br> :''Opo, kondreman un opo :''Sranangron e kari un :''Wans ope tata komopo :''Wi mu seti kondre bun. :''Stre def stre, wi no sa frede :''Gado de wi fesiman. :''Eri libi, te na dede :''Wi sa feti, gi Sranan. [[Category:Indirimbo y’Igihugu|Surinamu]] [[Category:Surinamu|Surinamu]] 4sxsxwv3sp14lqpq0etxe6au4vcj4kh 0 6923 77403 72110 2021-08-10T02:25:10Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inkera ya babyeyi.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|ababyeyi]] MWIRIWEHO. AMAKURU YANYU? TURABAKUMBUYE CYANE. NATWE TWAVUKIYE MU RWANDA. UBU DUTUYE MURI OMAN. NDASABA KUBARAMUTSA NO KUBIFURIZA AMAHORO Y'IMANA ABDULLAH SAID NASEER. (NAVUKIYE MU RUHENGERI, KOMINE KIGOMBE) 2vds97an32sfp3g6f9epcztsxcbu8d7 0 6938 77349 73670 2021-08-09T20:31:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nairobi''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'i [[Kenya]]. Usibye umujyi wacyo, umujyi ufite parike yigihugu ya Nairobi, ikibuga kinini cyimikino kizwiho korora imvubu z'umukara zibangamiwe kandi zibamo giraffi, zebra n'intare. Kuruhande rwayo ni impfubyi yubahwa cyane yinzovu ikorwa na David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Nairobi nayo ikoreshwa kenshi nko gusimbuka ingendo za safari ahandi muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20201101000332/https://daily10.co.ke/ Kenya]. [[File:Nairobi Montage.jpg|thumb|280px|Nairobi]] [[Category:Kenya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] bmpw17zdyip35bad2wi54corr1emrz9 0 6948 67099 61452 2013-03-11T11:26:12Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 131 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23520]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paltoga 125.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Paltoga]] '''Paltoga''' ni umujyi w'u [[Uburusiya]]. [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Imijyi y’Uburusiya]] 72c202u0vjasgztddpnrpet1hzeruwb 0 6954 67073 59693 2013-03-11T11:25:39Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 155 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23495]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Centr_Moschena.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Moshchena]] '''Moshchena''' (izina mu [[kinya-ikarayini]] : ''Мощена'' ) ni umujyi w'u [[Ikerene]]. [[Category:Ikerene]] 4po0qi7lwgmh8kju8mjxsa1puk4v96a 0 6974 78283 67112 2021-08-24T00:21:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sau Beach in Vungtau.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Vung Tau </font>]] Umujyi wa '''Vung Tau''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Vung Tau'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 283,988, batuye kubuso bwa km² 140. [[Dosiye:Vung Tau, Viet Nam 2021.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|ifoto yu mugi]] [[Category:Viyetinamu]] jixt4u1if1zpm7wcgehpfq1imfeaou3 0 6975 78987 66999 2021-08-30T09:54:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Camaucity from air1.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Ca Mau </font>]] Umujyi wa '''Cà Mau''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Cà Mau'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 204,893 (2010), batuye kubuso bwa km² 250.3 km2. [[Dosiye:Flag of Vietnam.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Viyetinamu]] [[Category:Viyetinamu]] 5xbylp9cjlqqi8aoqtx904qtebd4zo2 10 6997 70167 68313 2015-08-03T05:35:06Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 22 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q6148868]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="notice metadata plainlinks" id="disambig" style="width:100%; margin:16px 0; background:none;" |style="vertical-align:middle;"|[[File:{{{image|Disambig.svg}}}|30px|link=Wikipedia:Disambiguation]] |style="vertical-align:middle; font-style:italic;"|{{{text| This [[Help:Disambiguation|disambiguation]] page lists articles associated with the same title. <br /> <small>If an [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{{page-title|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|namespace=0}} internal link] led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.</small>}}} |}{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:Disambiguation pages]]}}<noinclude> {{doc}} [[ml:ഫലകം:നാനാര്‍ത്ഥങ്ങള്‍]] </noinclude> p8jd4fdkac91pgc6egt7blwft0u5442 0 7030 77713 76052 2021-08-15T14:56:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Rubona ugaragara ku ikarita y'akarere ka Rwamagana ]] [[Dosiye:A_Banana,_on_of_the_Rwandan_local_food.jpg|thumb|Abaturage b'uyu murenge bakora umwuga w'ubuhinzi bw'ibitoki ]] Umurenge wa Rubona ni umwe mu mirenge 14 igize Akarere ka Rwamagana. Uherereye mu majyepfo y'Akarere, ukaba uhana imbibi n'Umurenge wa Mwulire mu majyaruguru, Munyaga na Kigabiro mu burasirazuba, Nzige mu burengerazuba n'Akarere ka Ngoma mu majyepfo, aho bigabanywa n'ikiyaga cya Mugesera. Umurenge wa Rubona ugizwe n'Utugari dutandatu (6) ari two: 1. Byinza (Imidugudu 8) 2. Kabatasi (Imidigudu 10) 3. Kabuye (Imidugudu 4) 4. Karambi (Imidugudu 5) 5. Mabare (Imidugudu 8) 6. Nawe (Imidugudu 3) ukaba ugizwe n'Imidugudu yose hamwe 38. Umurenge wa Rubona ufite ubuso bwa 55,53 km², ukaba utuwe n'abaturage bageze ku 24.196 abaturage (2012). == Uburezi == Ibigo by'amashuri yisumbuye: 4: Agahozo Shaloom Youth Village, Groupe scolaire Rubona (12YBE)na École Secondaire de Mabare (9YBE, GS Nawe, Ibigo by'amashuri y'imyuga: Tubona Vocational Training Centre (former CFJ) Ibigo by'amashuri abanza: 4: EP Nawe, EP Mabare, EP Byinza & EP Rubona. == Ubuvuzi == Ikigo nderabuzima: 1: Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rubona. emttuwqjt3jx39dgco5hkpf71vgj6qm 10 7033 68010 56040 2013-04-23T01:52:45Z Russavia 881 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''[[Kinyarwanda|rw]]-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">Uyu muntu '''[[:Category:User rw-0|ntago avuga]]''' '''[[:Category:User rw|Ikinyarwanda.]][[Category:User rw-0|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> gvsud0ecth7gf6s9az45f8kqiv7x29g 0 7050 49966 2012-04-08T17:51:10Z Davykamanzi 2424 Redirected page to [[Umupira w’amaguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umupira w’amaguru]] mq5yxqrhw6zok83eagx1xc28tc1bnzj 0 7062 79430 78573 2021-09-19T21:08:21Z David C. S. 9952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Presidente Rafael Correa.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Rafael Correa</font>]] '''Rafael Correa ''' (6 Ukuboza 1963– ) ni Perezida wa [[Ekwadoro]]. [[Category:Abaperezida]] s4orz4tlgxpdhs0won6uxksajpebkb7 0 7063 78299 77212 2021-08-24T01:40:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Face_of_Jesus_reconstructed_from_Turin_Shroud.jpg|thumb|212x212px|Izina Jehovah risobanura Imana mu rurimi rw'ikinyarwanda.]] Yehova(JHWH)mu giheburayo <big>יְהֹוָה</big>Imana ifite amazina menshi y’icyubahiro, ariko izina ryayo ni rimwe gusa. Iryo zina ni YEHOVA. Muri Bibiliya nyinshi, izina ry’Imana ryagiye rikurwamo maze risimbuzwa amazina y’icyubahiro UMWAMI cyangwa IMANA. Ariko igihe Bibiliya yandikwaga, izina Yehova ryagaragaragamo incuro zigera ku 7.000!—Yeremiya 16:21; Yesaya 12:2. ==Ahandi haboneka izina ry'Imana== *Bibiliya ya King James Version (1611), urupapuro rwa 6 mu bisobanuro handitse ngo: "Aho uzasoma amazina ngo "UMWAMI" na "IMANA" mu nyuguti nkuru, mu mwandiko w'umwimerere w'igiheburayo ni 'YEHOVA'. Urugero: Itang2:4 na 15:2,8. [[Dosiye:Jesus_Christ_-_Hofmann.jpg|thumb|218x218px|Imana ]] *American Standard Version(1929): Yakoresheje izina 'Yehova' aho abahinduzi benshi barikuye bakarisimbuza "Umwami" na "Imana". *Bibiliya y'igiswayili ya Union Version(1989) urupapuro rwa kane 6 handitse ko bavanyemo izina "Yehova" bagashyiraho "Umwami" n "Imana". *Bibiliya Ubuhinduzi bw'isi nshya irimo izina "Yehova" aho rikwiriye hose, incuro zirenga 7000. *Bibiliya yera(2001) ririmo incuro nke cyane, ahandi hakoreshwa "Uwiteka" na "Imana". [[Dosiye:The Holy Bible.png|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] aao2ba4klmoyk825ihyp46fbb1lidtw 10 7069 67948 58819 2013-04-15T02:37:49Z Addbot 3734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox | border-c = #ffdf1e | id = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|border|45px]] | id-c = #0000cc | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 13 | info = Uyu ukoresha n''''[[Rwanda|<span style="color:#FFDF1E">umunyarwanda</span>]]'''. | info-c = #3333ff | info-fc = #ffffff | info-s = 8 }} <noinclude> </noinclude> 7fm86vly5eeskgw6ssoead8o9dpmvxh 10 7070 68309 51081 2013-08-17T22:33:07Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3926105]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template can be used to quickly create a [[wikipedia:userboxes|userbox]] for display on a user's [[wikipedia:user pages|user page]] without having to know HTML or Wikitable syntax. == Usage == <!-- Abstract usage of the template, one variable per row. --> <pre style="overflow: auto"> {{userbox | bodyclass = <!--Adds an HTML class attribute to the entire template's HTML table, to allow for styling, emission of microformats, etc.--> | border-c = <!--border color (default=id-c)--> | border-s = <!--border width in pixels (default=1)--> | float = <!--left|right|none (default=left)--> | id = <!--id image and/or text--> | id-a = <!--id horizontal alignment left/center/right/justify (default=center)--> | id-c = <!--id background color (default=#d0d0d0)--> | id-fc = <!--id font color (default=black)--> | id-h = <!--id box height in pixels (default=45)--> | id-lh = <!--id line height (default=1.25em)--> | id-op = <!--id other CSS parameters--> | id-p = <!--id cell padding (default=0 1px 0 0)--> | id-s = <!--id text size in points (default=14)--> | id-w = <!--id box width in pixels (default=45)--> | info-class = <!--Adds an HTML class attribute to the "info" HTML table-row, to allow for styling, emission of microformats, etc.--> | info = <!--info text and/or image--> | info-a = <!--info horizontal alignment left/center/right/justify (default=left)--> | info-c = <!--info background color (default=#e0e0e0)--> | info-fc = <!--info font color (default=black)--> | info-lh = <!--info line height (default=1.25em)--> | info-op = <!--info other CSS parameters--> | info-p = <!--info padding (default=0 4px 0 4px)--> | info-s = <!--info text size in points (default=8)--> | nocat = <!--block page category declarations (default=false)--> | usercategory = <!--user category (optional)--> | usercategory2 = <!--user category (optional)--> | usercategory3 = <!--user category (optional)--> }} </pre> * All parameters are optional * Images should normally be scaled to x45px or less. <!-- explain what this template's parameters do -- if no params, delete the definition --> Most HTML-based tables use only a handful of these attributes. The following subset can be used to quickly convert an HTML userbox into the format used here: <pre> {{userbox | border-c = | id = | id-c = | id-fc = | id-s = | info = | info-c = | info-fc = | info-lh = | info-s = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} | usercategory = }} </pre> == Examples == {| !style="width: 300px;"| Code !Result |- | <pre>{{userbox}}</pre> || {{userbox}} |- | <pre>{{userbox | border-c = #aaffaa | border-s = 2 | id = foo | id-c = #ffffee | id-s = 20 | info = ''foo bar'' | info-c = #ffeeff | info-s = 12 }}</pre> || {{userbox|id=foo|id-s=20|id-c=#ffffee|info=''foo bar''|info-c=#ffeeff|info-s=12|border-c=#aaffaa|border-s=2}} |- | colspan="2"| Below example shows the default appearance of a userbox, which is (much) higher than the 45px. Compare the height of the one below with the above userbox. |- | <pre>{{userbox | border-c = #aaffaa | border-s = 2 | id = foo logo | id-c = #ffffee | info = ''We are trying to see default distance in between text lines, see the distance in between cell content and its border, and also see total height.'' | info-c = #ffeeff }}</pre> || {{userbox|id=foo logo|id-c=#ffffee|info=''We are trying to see default distance in between text lines, see the distance in between cell content and its border, and also see total height.''|info-c=#ffeeff|border-c=#aaffaa|border-s=2}} |- | colspan="2"| Below example shows how we can change that userbox and further specify parameters to bring down the overall height of the userbox to the recommended height of 45px, even with four text lines. Cell padding parameter "''info-p''" can also be set at "''1pt 1pt 1pt 2pt''", or "''1pt 2pt''" for better appearance, when there are 4 text lines. |- | <pre>{{userbox | border-c = #aaffaa | border-s = 1 | id = foo logo | id-c = #ffffee | id-lh = 1.1em | id-s = 14 | info = ''We have specified values to lessen the distance in between text lines & padding space in between cell content and its border.'' | info-c = #ffeeff | info-lh = 1.05em | info-p = 1pt | info-s = 8 }}</pre> || {{userbox|id=foo logo|id-s=14|id-lh=1.1em|id-c=#ffffee|info=''We have specified values to lessen the distance in between text lines & padding space in between cell content and its border.''|info-c=#ffeeff|info-s=8|info-p=1pt|info-lh=1.05em|border-c=#aaffaa|border-s=1}} |- | colspan="2"| Below example is for advanced users, showing how we can specify other [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] properties, for example, "''font-family''", to change the font or "''text-align''" to change the alignment from the default parameters. At below, on the right side are two userboxes: top one is displayed without the "''font-family''" or "''text-align''" parameters; and the bottom userbox is displayed by using the below codes, with the help of the "''info-op''" field. |- | <pre>{{userbox | border-c = #afa | border-s = 2 | id = foo logo | id-c = #ffe | id-lh = 1.1em | id-s = 14 | info = foo bar | info-c = #fef | info-op = font-family:'Courier New'; text-align:center; | info-s = 14 }}</pre> || colspan="2"| {{Userbox|id=foo logo|id-s=14|id-lh=1.1em|id-c=#ffe|info=foo bar|info-c=#fef|info-s=14|border-c=#afa|border-s=2}} <br style="clear:both">&#160;<br /> {{Userbox|id=foo logo|id-s=14|id-lh=1.1em|id-c=#ffe|info=foo bar|info-c=#fef|info-s=14|info-op=font-family:'Courier New'; text-align:center;|border-c=#afa|border-s=2}} |}<!-- customize if needed to illustrate parameter use --> ==Microformats== ;bodyclass : This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the userbox as a whole. ;info-class : This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the info component. This template supports the addition of [[microformat]] information. This is done by adding "class" attributes to various data cells, indicating what kind of information is contained within. To flag a userbox as containing [[hCard]] information about a person, for example, add the following parameter: <pre> | bodyclass = vcard </pre> ''or'' <pre> | info-class = vcard </pre> ''then'' (for example): <pre><nowiki> | title = …the books of <span class="fn">[[Iain Banks]]</span> </nowiki></pre> ...and so forth. Examples include: * {{tlu|User:UBX/Iain Banks}} - person * {{tlx|User Microformats}} - group (WikiProject Microformats) * {{tlx|User Brum}} - place (Birmingham) See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia. == See also == * {{tl|userbox-2}} * {{tl|userbox-r}} * [[Web colors]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Userboxes]] [[Category:User namespace templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Userbox]] <!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE --> [[als:Vorlage:Userbox]] [[be-x-old:Шаблён:Userbox]] [[cs:Šablona:Userbox]] [[es:Plantilla:Caja]] [[ko:틀:Userbox]] [[no:Mal:Userbox]] [[simple:Template:Userbox]] }}</includeonly> h05mvdh8r2wzdmbgjf97w3tcw8jpulk 10 7071 68310 51082 2013-08-17T22:33:10Z Addbot 3734 [[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5882248]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ == Usage == {{tl|documentation subpage}} '''OR''' {{tlx|documentation subpage|<nowiki>[[</nowiki><var>main page to link to</var><nowiki>]]</nowiki>}} === Userboxes === When used to document usage of a [[Wikipedia:Userboxes|userbox]], it may be preferred to have this template state "userbox"/"userbox page" instead of "{{lc:{{ns:Template}}}}"/"{{lc:{{ns:Template}}}} page" or "{{lc:{{ns:User}}}} template"/"{{lc:{{ns:User}}}} template page". If this is preferred, use: {{tl|userbox documentation subpage}} '''OR''' {{tlx|userbox documentation subpage|<nowiki>[[</nowiki><var>main userbox page to link to</var><nowiki>]]</nowiki>}} === Customization of text === To manually change the text of the template, the "<code>text1=<var>your text here</var></code>" and/or "<code>text2=<var>your other text here</var></code>" parameters can be specified. "<code>text1=</code>" changes the automatic text on the first line to your own word(s). "<code>text2=</code>" changes the automatic text on the second line to your own word(s). If "<code>text1=</code>" parameter is specified without the "<code>text2=</code>" parameter, both the first and second line of text will be custom based on the text given in the "<code>text1=</code>" parameter. Example usage: {{tlx|documentation subpage|text1<nowiki>=</nowiki><var>custom first and second line text</var>}} {{tlx|documentation subpage|text2<nowiki>=</nowiki><var>custom second line text only</var>}} {{tlx|documentation subpage|text1<nowiki>=</nowiki><var>custom first line text</var>|text2<nowiki>=</nowiki><var>custom second line text</var>}} == How it is displayed == This template should be placed at the top of "/doc" pages. It changes output depending on where it is viewed: * On a "/doc" page, it displays a box explaining template documentation and links to the template page. * On other pages (ie, pages transcluding the "/doc" page), the template will not show. The template page itself (which contains <code>{{tl|Documentation}}</code>) will automatically note that the documentation is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from a subpage. == Functions == In addition to the output message, the template categorizes pages to [[:Category:Template documentation pages]], [[:Category:User documentation pages]], or similar (named after the subject space), but only for documentation pages in namespaces with the subpage feature. It defaults the [[m:Help:Categories#Sort order|sort key]] to the page name without namespace (ie, "Foo" on "Template:Foo", so it would be sorted in categories under 'F'). == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases]] for how this template is used. {{ Documentation/see also }} <includeonly> <!-- categories and interwiki links --> [[Category:Template documentation| {{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[als:Vorlage:Dokumentation/Dokuseite]] [[be-x-old:Шаблён:Падстаронка-дакумэнтацыя]] [[ca:Plantilla:Subpàgina de plantilla]] [[fa:الگو:Documentation subpage]] [[fr:Modèle:Documentation modèle vue directement]] [[ja:template:Documentation subpage]] [[ka:template:თარგის ინფო გვერდის ხედვა პირდაპირ]] [[la:Formula:Documentation subpage]] [[mk:Шаблон:Документација потстрана]] [[ml:ഫലകം:Template doc page transcluded]] [[no:Mal:Dokumentasjonsunderside]] [[ro:template:Template doc page viewed directly]] [[simple:Template:Documentation subpage]] [[sl:template:Dokumentacijska podstran]] [[sl:template:Dokumentacijska podstran]] [[th:แม่แบบ:Documentation subpage]] [[zh:模板:Template doc page viewed directly]] </includeonly> tdn9atalyq7fl2cp1ymo8u3e6gw6mhz 10 7072 83881 51083 2022-05-19T02:43:15Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Inyandikorugero:Documentation subpage wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} |{{{override|doc}}} | <!--(this template has been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> </includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{doc-notice|show}}} |show | {{Mbox | type = notice | style = margin-bottom:1.0em; | image = [[File:Edit-copy green.svg|40px|alt=|link=]] | text = {{strong|This is a [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]]}} for {{terminate sentence|{{{1|[[:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}}}}<br />It contains usage information, [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]] and other content that is not part of the original {{#if:{{{text2|}}} |{{{text2}}} |{{#if:{{{text1|}}} |{{{text1}}} |{{#ifeq:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{ns:User}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} template page |{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page|article}}}}}}}}. }} }}<!-- -->{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{defaultsort|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{inhibit|}}} |<!--(don't categorize)--> | <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifexist:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}} | [[Category:{{#switch:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |Template=Template |Module=Module |User=User |#default=Wikipedia}} documentation pages]] | [[Category:Documentation subpages without corresponding pages]] }}<!-- --></includeonly> }}<!-- (completing initial #ifeq: at start of template:) --><includeonly> | <!--(this template has not been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> }}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> h6u80hb0qdb0uq3sqtbb8bzpeyae84v 10 7073 51129 51084 2012-05-06T18:16:55Z Davykamanzi 2424 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:{{{float|left}}}; border:{{{border-width|{{{border-s|1}}}}}}px solid {{{border-color|{{{1|{{{border-c|{{{id-c|#999}}}}}}}}}}}}; margin:1px; width:240px; {{css3|box-sizing: border-box}}" class="wikipediauserbox {{{bodyclass|}}}"> {| cellspacing="0" style=" width:100%; margin-bottom:0; background:{{{info-background|{{{2|{{{info-c|#EEE}}}}}}}}}" {{#if:{{{logo|{{{3|{{{id|id}}}}}}}}}| ! style="width:{{{logo-width|{{{id-w|45}}}}}}px; height:{{{logo-height|{{{id-h|45}}}}}}px; background:{{{logo-background|{{{1|{{{id-c|#DDD}}}}}}}}}; text-align:{{{id-a|center}}}; font-size:{{{logo-size|{{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}}}}}pt; color:{{{logo-color|{{{id-fc|black}}}}}}; padding:{{{logo-padding|{{{id-p|0 1px 0 0}}}}}}; line-height:{{{logo-line-height|{{{id-lh|1.25em}}}}}}; vertical-align: middle; {{{logo-other-param|{{{id-op|}}}}}}" {{#if:{{{id-class|}}}|class="{{{id-class}}}"}} {{!}} {{{logo|{{{3|{{{id|id}}}}}}}}} }} | style="text-align:{{{info-a|left}}}; font-size:{{{info-size|{{{info-s|8}}}}}}pt; padding:{{{info-padding|{{{info-p|0 4px 0 4px}}}}}}; height:{{{logo-height|{{{id-h|45}}}}}}px; line-height:{{{info-line-height|{{{info-lh|1.25em}}}}}}; color:{{{info-color|{{{info-fc|black}}}}}}; vertical-align: middle; {{{info-other-param|{{{info-op|}}}}}}" {{#if:{{{info-class|}}}|class="{{{info-class}}}"}} | {{{info|{{{4|''info''}}}}}} |}</div>{{#if:{{{usercategory|}}}{{{usercategory2|}}}{{{usercategory3|}}}|{{category handler |nocat = {{{nocat|}}} |subpage = {{#if:{{{nocatsubpages|}}}|no}} |user = {{#if:{{{usercategory|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{usercategory2|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory2}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{usercategory3|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory3}}}]]}} |template = {{#if:{{{usercategory|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory}}}| {{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#if:{{{usercategory2|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory2}}}| {{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#if:{{{usercategory3|}}}|[[Category:{{{usercategory3}}}| {{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}} }}}} 65ad8k7uq8rq76d20m9w4whquocqi4l 10 7074 51085 2012-05-06T11:49:35Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "<noinclude>{{pp-template}}</noinclude>{{documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is the {{tl|documentation}} temp..." wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template}}</noinclude>{{documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is the {{tl|documentation}} template. For most of the instructions about how and when to use this template, see [[Wikipedia:Template documentation]]. This template displays a green doc box like you are seeing now, and automatically loads the content from a /doc subpage. It can also load the content from other places if instructed to. This template is intended for documenting templates and other pages which are [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] onto other pages. It can be used in template space and most other [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]]. Use of this template allows templates to be [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] where necessary, while allowing anyone to edit the documentation, categories, and interwiki links. === Usage === Normally this template is used without any parameters, placed at the bottom of the template or page being documented, within <code>&lt;noinclude></code>: <pre> <!--Last line of your template code--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> </pre> Then this template automatically loads the content from the /doc subpage of the template it is used on. This template can also load the content from any other page. Like this: <pre> <!--Last line of your template code--><noinclude> {{documentation |Template:Other page/doc}} </noinclude> </pre> Note that when loading the documentation from another page than the local /doc page it becomes tricky to handle the categories and interwiki links. The content can also be fed directly as text. Like this: <pre> <!--Last line of your template code--><noinclude> {{documentation |content= Some documentation text. }} </noinclude> </pre> When the {{para|content}} parameter is used, the doc box normally does not show the [edit] [purge] links in the top right corner. Note that if the /doc page exists a link to it is still shown in the link box below the doc box. Parameter {{para|1}} and the {{para|content}} parameter can also be combined, like this: <pre> <!--Last line of your template code--><noinclude> {{documentation |1=Template:Any page/doc |content= {{Template:Any page/doc |parameters}} }} </noinclude> </pre> Then the pagename fed as parameter 1 is used for the [edit] [purge] links and for the /doc link in the link box below the doc box. But the '''content''' parameter is used for the content shown in the doc box. The above code means that the content is transcluded as {{tnull|Template:Any page/doc{{!}}parameters}}. In this example a parameter is also fed to the /doc page being loaded. === Best practice === The code should be added at the bottom of the template code, with no space before {{tag|noinclude|o}} (which would cause extra space on pages where the template is used). Categories and interwiki links that apply to the template itself should be added to the bottom of the /doc subpage, inside {{tag|includeonly}} tags. For more complex cases, see [[Wikipedia:Template documentation#Categories and interwiki links]]. If the documentation page contains {{tag|includeonly|o}} or {{tag|noinclude|o}} tags as part of the visible documentation text, replace the "<code>&lt;</code>" with "<code>&amp;lt;</code>". === The heading === When in the Template namespace, this template shows this heading: :[[File:Template-info.svg|32px]] '''Template documentation''' In most other namespaces, such as "Wikipedia:", it shows this heading: :'''Documentation''' But when on File (image) pages it shows this heading: :'''Summary''' The '''heading''' parameter can be used to set the heading to something else. Like this: :<code><nowiki>{{documentation |heading=Infobox documentation}}</nowiki></code> If the '''heading''' parameter is empty but defined, no heading is shown and no [edit] [purge] links are shown. Like this: :<code><nowiki>{{documentation |heading=}}</nowiki></code> The '''heading-style''' parameter can be fed optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] values. Without quotation marks <code>" "</code> but with the ending semicolons <code>;</code>. For example: :<code>heading-style = color: red; font-size: 150%;</code> === The link box === Below the big doc box is a small link box that shows some meta-data about the documentation. The link box shows different things depending on what parameters are fed to this template, and in which namespace it is used. In some cases the link box is not shown at all. To hide the link box, add the parameter {{para|link box|off}}. You can also insert customised text in the link box, by defining the {{para|link box}} parameter. For example: {{para|link box|This documentation is automatically generated by [<nowiki />[Template:Country showdata]]}} === Automatic functions === If the documentation page does not exist, the [create] link includes a [[mw:Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|preload]] page so that clicking it will pre-fill the edit form with the basic documentation page format. Preload text is also used for the /sandbox and /testcases <small>(create)</small> links. When this template is on a protected template page it now automatically adds {{tl|pp-template}} which shows the grey or red padlock in the top right corner. So no need to manually add {{tlf|pp-template}} to templates that use {{tl|documentation}}. When this template is on a /sandbox subpage it automatically adds the {{tl|template sandbox notice}}. If that sandbox is not a subpage of the live template, then the {{para|livepage}} parameter can be used to correctly link back to that template. === Subject namespaces vs. talk namespaces === Terminology: ''Subject namespaces'' are the opposite of ''talk namespaces''. For instance "Template:" is the subject space of "Template talk:". This template is usually placed in a subject namespace, within {{tag|noinclude|o}} tags. But in some cases this template needs to be on the talk page: * For preload pages (usually in Template or Wikipedia namespaces), since they cannot use {{tag|noinclude|o}}. See for instance, [[Template talk:AfC preload]] and [[Template talk:RfD subpage starter]]. Such talk pages can be marked with {{tl|talkdoc}}. * In the Mediawiki namespace, since {{tag|noinclude|o}} often does not work in system messagesm and since the Mediawiki namespace needs to be kept clean for performance reasons. When placed on talk pages, this template usually is placed near the top of the page and without {{tag|noinclude}} tags. The /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages should normally be in the subject namespace, except in the namespaces that do not have the MediaWiki [[meta:Link#Subpage feature|subpage feature]] enabled: Main, File, Mediawiki and Category. (But currently we only show the /sandbox and /testcases links from User, User talk, Template and Template talk namespaces.) There are also a whole bunch of other technical reasons why the /doc page must be stored under the talk page for those (but only those) namespaces. This template automatically points its <small>[create]</small> links for the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases to the right namespace. === Technical details === This template calls {{tl|documentation/start box2}} and {{tl|documentation/end box2}} which in turn call {{tl|documentation/start box}} and {{tl|documentation/end box}}. The /start box (and /end box) hold most of the code, while this template and /start box2 (and /end box2) do parameter preprocessing. The preload page for the /doc <small>[create]</small> link is [[Template:Documentation/preload]], but in File namespace it is [[Template:Documentation/preload-filespace]]. The preload pages for the /sandbox and /testcases <small>[create]</small> links are [[Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox]] and [[Template:Documentation/preload-testcases]]. For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Documentation|talk page]]. === See also === <!-- {{documentation/see also}} --> * {{tl|documentation}} – Placed on templates and other pages to document them. * {{tl|documentation subpage}} – Used at the top of /doc subpages to explain what they are and to link back to the page they document. * {{tl|barnstar documentation}} – Variant specifically for [[WP:BARNSTAR|barnstar]] templates * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation]] – The how-to guide about template documentation. * [[Wikipedia:Template test cases]] – How to use /sandbox and /testcases subpages and more about template testing. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Template documentation]] [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] [[als:Vorlage:Dokumentation]] [[ar:قالب:توثيق]] [[as:Template:Documentation]] [[ba:Ҡалып:Doc]] [[bar:Vorlage:Dokumentation]] [[bg:Шаблон:Документация]] [[bs:Šablon:Dokumentacija]] [[ca:Plantilla:Ús de la plantilla]] [[cs:Šablona:Dokumentace]] [[cy:Nodyn:Doc]] [[da:Skabelon:Dokumentation]] [[de:Vorlage:Dokumentation]] [[dsb:Pśedłoga:Dokumentacija]] [[et:Mall:Dokumentatsioon]] [[es:Plantilla:Documentación]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Τεκμηρίωση προτύπου]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Dok]] [[eu:Txantiloi:Txantiloi dokumentazioa]] [[fa:الگو:توضیحات]] [[fr:Modèle:Documentation]] [[gl:Modelo:Uso de marcador]] [[he:תבנית:תיעוד]] [[hsb:Předłoha:Dokumentacija]] [[la:Formula:Documentation]] [[ltg:Taiss:Dokumentaceja]] [[hu:Sablon:Sablondokumentáció]] [[hy:Կաղապար:Փաստաթղթեր]] [[ia:Patrono:Docpatrono]] [[id:Templat:Dokumentasi]] [[it:Template:Man]] [[ja:Template:Documentation]] [[ko:틀:틀 설명문서]] [[ku:Şablon:Belgekirin]] [[ml:ഫലകം:വിവരണം]] [[ms:Templat:Dokumentasi]] [[no:mal:Dokumentasjon]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Sjabdoc]] [[pl:Szablon:Dokumentacja]] [[pt:Predefinição:Documentação]] [[ro:Format:Documentaţie]] [[ru:Шаблон:Doc]] [[simple:Template:Documentation]] [[sk:Šablóna:Dokumentácia]] [[sl:Predloga:Dokumentacija]] [[sr:Шаблон:Документација]] [[sq:Stampa:Dokumentacion]] [[stq:Foarloage:Dokumentation]] [[sv:Mall:Dokumentation]] [[sw:Kigezo:Documentation]] [[tr:Şablon:Belgeleme]] [[tt:Үрнәк:Doc]] [[tpi:Template:Template doc]] [[uk:Шаблон:Документація]] [[ur:سانچہ:Documentation]] [[war:Template:Documentation]] [[yo:Àdàkọ:Aṣàlàyé]] [[zh:Template:Documentation]] [[te:మూస:Documentation]] </includeonly> 3idfenre5dfvru06ugil4hby0cpnsi0 10 7075 83888 67109 2022-05-19T03:27:49Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Inyandikorugero:Documentation wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:documentation|main|_content={{ {{#invoke:documentation|contentTitle}}}}}}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> ii1kftoonz87mztj4siz1yhyqeg6agm 10 7076 67946 58818 2013-04-15T02:32:58Z Addbot 3734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox | border-c = #ffdf1e | id = [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|border|45px]] | id-c = #0000cc | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 13 | info = Uyu ukoresha atuye mu '''[[Rwanda|<span style="color:#FFDF1E">Rwanda</span>]]'''. | info-c = #3333ff | info-fc = #ffffff | info-s = 8 }} <noinclude> </noinclude> hacic5s6clkwxntcqbge46bex8jvtah 10 7077 70168 68298 2015-08-03T05:35:16Z YiFeiBot 4811 Suis retirer 1 liens entre les wikis, actuellement fournis par [[d:|Wikidata]] sur la page [[d:q10974745]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox | border-c = #bb0000 | id = [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|border|45px]] | id-c = #d1d1d1 | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 13 | info = Uyu ukoresha atuye muri '''[[Kenya|<span style="color:#BB0000">Kenya</span>]]'''. | info-c = #ececec | info-fc = black | info-s = 9 }} <noinclude> </noinclude> 9pfrgvz897lw2k8hggkd8ld5cvv513w 10 7078 67967 58820 2013-04-15T14:58:22Z EmausBot 1282 Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q11072917]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Userbox | border-c = #bb0000 | id = [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|border|45px]] | id-c = #d1d1d1 | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 13 | info = Uyu ukoresha n''''[[Kenya|<span style="color:#BB0000">umunyakenya</span>]]'''. | info-c = #ececec | info-fc = black | info-s = 9 }} <noinclude> </noinclude> auf7m2jlsu3j1q75tmdw6sdm3woikch 10 7079 67932 57851 2013-04-15T01:28:23Z Addbot 3734 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igiswahili|sw]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Mtumiaji huyu anaweza kushiriki kwa '''[[:Category:User sw|Kiswahili]]''' cha kiwango cha '''[[:Category:User sw-2|wastani]]'''.[[Category:User sw|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User sw-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |}</div><noinclude> </noinclude> fx9npju64kezqhw6uxej23bsf3drds2 14 7080 51109 2012-05-06T13:00:27Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "{{Commonscat|User sw-2}} [[Category:User sw]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User sw-2}} [[Category:User sw]] 10u2web6gc6mj3w2nhto80toofphwfk 10 7081 79579 68135 2021-10-25T19:00:15Z YiFeiBot 4811 Pywikibot 7.0.0.dev0 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="infobox sisterproject">[[Image:Commons-logo.svg|left|50px]] <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Wikimedia Commons ifite amatangazamakuru kubyerekeye: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> '''''[{{fullurl:Commons:Category:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}?uselang=sw {{{2|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]'''''</div> </div></div><noinclude> </noinclude> 5xoxjuv627z6470bgdahg9dhf6exmf4 10 7096 81370 73852 2022-01-21T19:38:08Z НСНУ 10569 Masedoniya ya Ruguru wikitext text/x-wiki <br clear="all" /> {| border="0" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #999; background-color:#FFFFFF" |! colspan=5 align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff" |'''[[Uburayi]]''' |- |-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"; style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" | <center> [[Alubaniya]] · [[Andora]] · [[Belarusi]] · [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] · [[Buligariya]] · [[Cekiya]] · [[Danimarike]] · [[Esipanye]] · [[Esitoniya]] · [[Finilande]] · [[Geworugiya]] · [[Hongiriya]] · [[Ikerene]] · [[Irilande]] · [[Isilande]] · [[Kazakisitani]] · [[Korowatiya]] · [[Lativiya]] · [[Lituwaniya]] · [[Liyeshitensiteyine]] · [[Lugizamburu]] · [[Malita]] · [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] · [[Molidova]] · [[Monako]] · [[Montenegoro]] · [[Mutagatifu Marino]] · [[Nederilande]] · [[Noruveje]] · [[Ositiriya]] · [[Polonye]] · [[Porutigali]] · [[Romaniya]] · [[Seribiya]] · [[Shipure]] · [[Silovakiya]] · [[Siloveniya]] · [[Suwede]] · [[Turukiya]] · [[Ububiligi]] · [[Ubudage]] · [[Ubufaransa]] · [[Ubugereki]] · [[Uburusiya]] · [[Ubusuwisi]] · [[Ubutariyani]] · [[Ubwongereza]] </center> |}<noinclude> [[Category:Template]] </noinclude> pdesjmf7qim82i6qpyly61bqp3q5c7o 10 7114 81371 70422 2022-01-21T19:41:23Z НСНУ 10569 Eswatini wikitext text/x-wiki <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" id="toc" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Afurika|Igihugu muri Afurika]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" ||[[Afurika y’Epfo]] | [[Aligeriya]] | [[Angola]] | [[Bene]] | [[Botswana]] | [[Burukina Faso]] | [[Cade]] | [[Kameruni]] | [[Kapu Veri]] | [[Komore]] | [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] | [[Kongo]] | [[Kote Divuwari]] | [[Eritereya]] | [[Eswatini]] | [[Etiyopiya]] | [[Gabon]] | [[Gambiya]] | [[Gana]] | [[Gineya]] | [[Gineya-Biso]] | [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]] | [[Jibuti]]| [[Kenya]]| [[Lesoto]]| [[Liberiya]] | [[Libiya]] | [[Madagasikari]] | [[Malawi]] | [[Mali]] | [[Misiri]] | [[Moritaniya]] | [[Morise]] | [[Maroke]]| [[Mozambike]] | [[Namibiya]] | [[Nigeri]] | [[Nijeriya]] | [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika]] | [[Rwanda]] | [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe]] | [[Senegali]] | [[Seyishele]] | [[Siyera Lewone]] | [[Somaliya]] | [[Sudani]] | [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo]] | [[Tanzaniya]] | [[Togo]] | [[Tunisiya]] | [[Ubugande]] | [[Uburundi]] | [[Zambiya]] | [[Zimbabwe]] |}<noinclude> </noinclude> 7qrenzv1uxarfib3yd62a4r3grhggjb 0 7146 77818 70862 2021-08-17T23:49:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adobe PDF.svg|thumb|Logo Adobe PDF]] PDF (bivuga Portable Document Format) ni uburyo bwo kubika fayili bwahimbwe na Adobe Systems. Iyo fayili ikomeza kugumana ishusho y'umwimerere uwayisohoye mbere yayihaye. Uburenganzira bwose bwihariwe n'abahimbye ubwo buryo bwo kubika izo fayili, kandi ugomba kuba ufite porogaramu isoma fayili za PDF kugira ngo ushobore kureba ibiriho no kubicapa. Porogaramu isoma PDF ivanwa kuri interineti ku buntu ku rubuga rwa www.adobe.com. Ikorana na porogaramu hafi ya zose zikoresha orudinateri. Nanone hari ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki bishobora gusoma fayili za PDF, urugero nka Kindle na Sony Reader. Jya ku rubuga rwa interineti rwa Adobe kugira ngo ubone ibindi bisobanuro ku birebana na porogaramu za Adobe Reader na fayili za PDF. [[Dosiye:Computer user icon.svg|center|thumb|ukoresha mashine]] rulkyyrudhtcuuyl11h35e5vu56nqey 0 7154 77991 66961 2021-08-20T01:14:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thanh Hoa2.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Thanh Hoa </font>]] [[Dosiye:Hào Thành Sen.jpg|thumb|Hao thanh]] Umujyi wa '''Thanh Hoa''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Thanh Hóa'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 393,244, batuye kubuso bwa km² 146,77. [[Category:Viyetinamu]] j4u3lb9w8iuk5q90z84a6yaaaqdu1bj 0 7170 82082 82080 2022-02-19T03:01:54Z BRPever 5614 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/144.208.97.118|144.208.97.118]] ([[User talk:144.208.97.118|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:GATETE Pacifique|GATETE Pacifique]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hande Yener (10).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Hande Yener</font>]] [[Dosiye:Hande_Yener_Harbiye_Konseri_4_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Hande Yener ]] [[Hande Yener]] cyangwa '''Makbule Hande Özyener''' ([[12 Mutarama]], [[1973]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turukiya]]) [[Dosiye:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Turkey]] [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abaturukiya]] opflbrpsg6glivcks4638as48g9ha2e 14 7171 67369 62215 2013-03-14T06:00:42Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 96 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6937844]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Imyaka]] 9cmey5s3arl8ijhqiwytmbjhtnlketl 0 7172 78168 66969 2021-08-22T14:25:54Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tchapele_di_Gobtindje_anêyes.jpg|thumb|Umwaka wa 1973]] [[Dosiye:Amon,_Chris_-_BMW_3,5_CSL_(1973-07-08_Sp).jpg|thumb|Imodoka zari zigezweho zizwi nka BMW 3,5 CSL mu 1973-07-08 Sp)]] [[Dosiye:Compact_perpetual_calendar.gif|thumb|Indangaminsi izwi nka Calendar]] == Mutarama == == Gashyantare == == Werurwe == == Mata == == Gicurasi == == Kamena == == Nyakanga == == Kanama == == Nzeri == == Ukwakira == == Ugushyingo == == Ukuboza == [[Category:1973]] f8u3gpnmfv2f2gpobvqga3jv62thbtd 0 7173 77975 77006 2021-08-19T19:34:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:One_Page_Calendar_2021.jpg|thumb|Mutarama bisobanuye ukwezi kwa mbere kugaragara ku indangaminsi izwi nka calendar mu indimi z'amahanga]] [[12 Mutarama]] 1 == Ibihangange byavutse kuri iyi tariki == * [[Dosiye:Hande Yener (14).jpg|thumb|[[Hande Yener]] yavutse 12 Mutarama]][[1973]] – havutse [[Hande Yener]] [[Category:Mutarama]] dnh7q7814bdm7a5scxl20mxk488qir2 14 7182 58125 2012-10-06T15:06:22Z Varlaam 1203 Created page with "[[Category:User rw]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User rw]] 6ex7wx3g42acqoku5eyb01xlu457uxq 0 7185 82465 72842 2022-04-10T00:15:40Z BevoLJ 10818 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>'''République démocratique du Congo<br />Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | <font color="grey">Ibendera rya RID ya Kongo</font> | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationDRCongo.svg|300px]]<font color="grey">Ikarita ya Kongo</font> |} '''Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''République démocratique du Congo'') n’[[igihugu]] cya [[Afurika]] yo Hagati kiri epfo ya [[Repubulika ya Kongo]]. Cyahoze cyitwa '''Kongo Kinshasa'''. Umurwa mukuru w'icyo gihugu witwa Kinshasa, hatuwe mo abantu bangana na miliyoni icumi zirenga. Icyo gihugu gifite imijyi myinshi ndetse n'intara nyinshi. Ibihugu bifite imipaka na Kongo-Kinshasa ni Repubulika y'Afurika yo hagati na Sudani y'Epfo mu majyaruguru, Ubugande, U Rwanda, Uburundi na Tanzaniya mu uburasirazuba, Zambiya na Angola mu majyepfo, ndetse na Repubulika ya Kongo mu uburengerazuba. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana gishize, hariho abantu bangana na miliyoni umunani bapfuye kubera intambara yatangiye hafi ya 1997. Perezida uhobora icyo gihugu yitwa Félix Tshisekedi. Muri Repubilika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo, havugwa indimi enye, igiswahili, ikilingala, ikiciluba n'ikikongo, ariko kugirango abanyekongo babyumvikane ururimi ruvugwa cyane cyane n'igifaransa. Kera, icyo gihugu cyakolonijwe n'Ababiligi kugeza igihe cyabonye ubwigenge bwe mu mwaka wa 1960. Mu mwaka wa 1971, Mobutu Sese Seko wahoboraga icyo gihugu kuva imyaka itandatu, yahinduye izina rya Repubulika iharanira ya Kongo ku izina rya Zayire. Ariko, imyaka makumyabiri n'itanu nyuma yo uko Mobutu ahindura iryo zina, ingabo za Kabila (se wa Joseph) bakoze coup d'État mu gihe Mobutu yabaga mu gihugu cya Maroc mu bitaro, mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1997. Icyo gihe rero, bahita bahindura izina ku irya kera nyuma y'ubwigenge muri 1960. [[File:Ukrainian_aviation_unit._DR_Congo._MONUSCO_Ukrainian_aviation_unit._DR_Congo._MONUSCO_(38006034216).jpg|thumb|Ukrainian aviation unit. DR Congo. MONUSCO Ukrainian aviation unit. DR Congo. MONUSCO (38006034216)]] [[File:Ukrainian_aviation_unit._DR_Congo._MONUSCO_Ukrainian_aviation_unit._DR_Congo._MONUSCO_(38006032456).jpg|thumb|Ukrainian aviation unit. DR Congo. MONUSCO Ukrainian aviation unit. DR Congo. MONUSCO (38006032456)]] [[File:DR_Congo_-_collage.jpg|thumb|DR Congo - collage]] [[File:DR_Congo_Seal_(White).png|thumb|DR Congo Seal (White)]] [[File:Map_-_DR_Congo,_major_languages.svg|thumb|Map - DR Congo, major languages]] {{Afurika}} [[Category:Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] ifq0cidoiiluzfm6v2iwte3kzs41xze 0 7188 70658 66966 2016-08-13T01:52:32Z Acer 5936 Wikivoyage wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nha Trang skyline.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Amafoto y’umujyi wa Nha Trang </font>]] Umujyi wa '''Nha Trang''' (izina mu [[kinyaviyetinamu]] : ''Thành phố Nha Trang'') ni umujyi wa [[Viyetinamu]]. Umujyi gatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri 392,244, batuye kubuso bwa km² 251. *[[:en:voy:Nha_Trang|Nha Trang - Wikivoyage]] [[Category:Viyetinamu]] f25t4cwxnapi5t17gxmz5cghm17e9gc 10 7218 71678 70171 2018-12-20T15:17:50Z YiFeiBot 4811 Retrait de 1 lien(s) interlangue(s), désormais fourni(s) par [[d:|Wikidata]] à la page [[d:q5412012]] wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="{{{class|}}} multicol" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0px; border: 0px; background:{{{bgColor|transparent}}}; width:{{{width|100%}}};"<noinclude> </noinclude> 5w6wck3uyhaxopx2q3aswcz1s8zds08 10 7219 67111 64225 2013-03-11T11:26:27Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 134 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5411974]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <p></p> | {{#if:{{{width<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|width="{{{width}}}"}} align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" {{#if: {{{gap<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | style="padding-left:{{{gap}}};" }}|<noinclude> </noinclude> lff9ydgdvseq6y1z5fccw7ygsydhfmb 10 7220 66976 64229 2013-03-11T11:23:15Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5412021]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki <p></p> |}<noinclude> </noinclude> cd5hn80bpb3lfess29t3vlrils32a1j 4 7221 73318 73317 2020-09-21T20:14:55Z Deborahjay 6702 /* Countries */typo in link wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of basic subjects for which Wikipedia should have a corresponding high-quality article, and ideally a featured article. It also serves as a [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:Vital articles|centralized watchlist]] and tracks the status of some of Wikipedia's most essential articles. <!-- UPDATED ARTICLE LINKS AND TITLES AND ARTICLE COUNT NEEDED!!! Ideally this page should list approximately 1,000 of the most vital Wikipedia articles. {| class="wikitable" |+ |- !Section!!Current Number!!Target Number |- |People ||0||115 |- |History ||0||60 |- |Geography ||0||94 |- |Arts ||0||56 |- |Philosophy and religion ||0||77 |- |Everyday life ||0||78 |- |Society and social sciences ||0||88 |- |Health and medicine ||0||48 |- |Science ||0||177 |- |Technology ||0||122 |- |Mathematics ||0||59 |- |Measurement ||0||26 |- |'''Total''' || '''0'''||'''1000''' |}<small>Count checked: 00:50, 23 August 2008 (UTC)</small> --> ''See also [[m:List of articles every Wikipedia should have]] and [[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Core topics]]'' == People (115 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} === Artists === # [[Leonardo da Vinci]] # [[Michelangelo]] # [[Rembrandt]] # [[Diego Velázquez]] # [[Hokusai]] # [[Claude Monet]] # [[Vincent van Gogh]] # [[Pablo Picasso]] # [[Salvador Dalí]] === Authors === # [[Homer]] # [[Sophocles]] # [[Virgil]] # [[Li Bai]] # [[Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi-Rumi]] # [[Dante Alighieri]] # [[William Shakespeare]] # [[Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[Molière]] # [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[Leo Tolstoy]] # [[James Joyce]] # [[Franz Kafka]] # [[Pablo Neruda]] === Composers and musicians === # [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[Frédéric Chopin]] # [[Richard Wagner]] # [[Arnold Schoenberg]] # [[Igor Stravinsky]] # [[Elvis Presley]] # [[The Beatles]] === Explorers === # [[Roald Amundsen]] # [[Jacques Cartier]] # [[Christopher Columbus]] # [[James Cook]] # [[Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[Mariko Polo]] # [[Ibn Battuta]] # [[Zheng He]] === Inventors and scientists === # [[Nicolas Copernic]] # [[Charles Darwin]] # [[Thomas Edison]] # [[Albert Einstein]] # [[Galileo Galilei]] # [[Gregor Mendel]] # [[Carl Linnaeus]] # [[Isaac Newton]] # [[Nikola Tesla]] # [[Sigmund Freud]] # [[Niels Bohr]] # [[Marie Curie]] # [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] {{col-break}} === Mathematicians === # [[Archimedes]] # [[Euclid]] # [[Leonhard Euler]] # [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[Kurt Gödel]] # [[David Hilbert]] # [[Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[Blaise Pascal]] # [[Henri Poincaré]] # [[Pythagoras]] # [[Alan Turing]] # [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] === Philosophers and social scientists === # [[Confucius]] # [[Socrates]] # [[Plato]] # [[Aristotle]] # [[Nagarjuna]] # [[Avicenna]] # [[Thomas Aquinas]] # [[Ibn Khaldun]] # [[René Descartes]] # [[John Locke]] # [[Immanuel Kant]] # [[Karl Marx]] # [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[Max Weber]] === Religious figures === # [[Abraham]] # [[Gautama Buddha]] # [[Guru Nanak Dev]] # [[Yezu Kirisitu]] # [[Laozi]] # [[Moses]] # [[Muhammad]] # [[Mutagatifu Pawulo]] # [[Zoroaster]] === Politicians and leaders === # [[Hammurabi]] # [[Cyrus the Great]] # [[Alexander the Great]] # [[Qin Shi Huang]] # [[Julius Caesar]] # [[Cleopatra VII]] # [[Augustus]] # [[Attila the Hun]] # [[Charlemagne]] # [[Genghis Khan]] # [[Joan of Arc]] # [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] # [[Elizabeth I]] # [[George Washington]] # [[Napoleon I of France]] # [[Simón Bolívar]] # [[Abraham Lincoln]] # [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] # [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] # [[Vladimir Lenin]] # [[Winston Churchill]] # [[Joseph Stalin]] # [[Adolf Hitler]] # [[Mao Zedong]] # [[Nelson Mandela]] {{col-end}} == History (60 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[History]] # [[Civilization]] # [[History of the world]] # [[History of Africa]] # [[History of the Americas]] # [[History of China]] # [[History of Europe]] # [[History of India]] # [[History of Japan]] # [[History of the Middle East]] === Prehistory to Middle Ages === # [[Prehistory]] # [[Stone Age]] # [[Mesopotamia]] # [[Neolithic Revolution]] # [[Sumer]] # [[Bronze Age]] # [[Ancient Egypt]] # [[Assyria]] # [[Indus Valley Civilization]] # [[Iron Age]] # [[Ancient Greece]] # [[Ancient Rome]] # [[Macedon]] # [[Persian Empire]] # [[Middle Ages]] # [[Black Death]] # [[Byzantine Empire]] # [[Crusades]] # [[East-West Schism]] # [[Holy Roman Empire]] # [[Islamic Golden Age]] # [[Mongol Empire]] # [[Ottoman Empire]] # [[Pre-Columbian]] # [[Spanish Inquisition]] # [[Viking Age]] {{col-break}} === Renaissance to present === # [[Abolitionism]] # [[Age of Discovery]] # [[Age of Enlightenment]] # [[British Empire]] # [[Civil rights movement]] # [[Cold War]] # [[Congress of Vienna]] # [[Cultural Revolution]] # [[European colonization of the Americas]] # [[History of the European Union]] # [[French Revolution]] # [[Great Depression]] # [[Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi]] <small>''{en:The Holocaust)''</small> # [[Industrial Revolution]] # [[Iranian Revolution]] # [[Korean War]] # [[Napoleonic Wars]] # [[Protestant Reformation]] # [[Renaissance]] # [[Russian Empire]] # [[Scientific Revolution]] # [[Scramble for Africa]] # [[Soviet Union]] # [[Space exploration]] # [[Taiping Rebellion]] # [[History of the United States]] # [[Women's suffrage]] # [[World War I]] # [[World War II]] {{col-end}} == Geography (106 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Geography]] # [[City]] # [[Continent]] # [[Country]] # [[Desert]] # [[Forest]] # [[Glacier]] # [[Umusozi]] <small>''(en:Mountain)''</small> # [[Ocean]] # [[Uruzi]] <small>''(en:River)''</small> === Bodies of water === # [[Amazon River]] # [[Atlantic Ocean]] # [[Black Sea]] # [[Caspian Sea]] # [[Danube]] # [[Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Indian Ocean]] # [[Mediterranean Sea]] # [[Niagara Falls]] # [[Nili]] <small>''(en:Nile)''</small> # [[Pacific Ocean]] # [[Panama Canal]] # [[Suez Canal]] === Cities === # [[Athens]] # [[Beijing]] # [[Berlin]] # [[Delhi]] # [[Hongo Kongo]] # [[Istanbul]] # [[Yerusalemu]] # [[London]] # [[Los Angeles]] # [[Mecca]] # [[Mexico City]] # [[Moscow]] # [[New York City]] # [[Paris]] # [[Roma]] # [[São Paulo]] # [[Seoul]] # [[Tokyo]] === Continents and regions === # [[Afurika]] # [[Antarctica]] # [[Arctic]] # [[Aziya]] # [[Europe]] # [[Latin America]] # [[Middle East]] # [[North America]] # [[Oceania]] # [[South America]] {{col-break}} === Countries === {{See also|List of countries|List of countries by population}}. # [[Arijantine]] # [[Ositaraliya]] # [[Ositiriya]] # [[Bangaladeshi]] # [[Ububiligi]] # [[Burezile]] # [[Burma]] # [[Kanada]] # [[Ubushinwa]] # [[Kolombiya]] # [[Kongo]] # [[Danimarike]] # [[Egypt]] # [[Etiyopiya]] # [[Finland]] # [[France]] # [[Germany]] # [[Greece]] # [[India]] # [[Indonesia]] # [[Iran]] # [[Iraq]] # [[Republic of Ireland]] # [[Israel]] # [[Italy]] # [[Japan]] # [[Mexico]] # [[Netherlands]] # [[Nigeria]] # [[Norway]] # [[Pakistan]] # [[Philippines]] # [[Poland]] # [[Russia]] # [[Saudi Arabia]] # [[Singapore]] # [[South Africa]] # [[South Korea]] # [[Spain]] # [[Sweden]] # [[Switzerland]] # [[Republic of China]] (Taiwan) # [[Thailand]] # [[Turukiya]] # [[Ikerene]] # [[Ubwongereza]] # [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] # [[Viyetinamu]] <small>''(en:Vietnam)''</small> === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # [[Alps]] # [[Andes]] # [[Gobi Desert]] # [[Grand Canyon]] # [[Himalayas]] # [[Mount Everest]] # [[Sahara]] {{col-end}} == Arts and culture (56 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Art]] # [[History of art]] # [[Aesthetics]] ==== Artistic movements ==== # [[Gothic]] # [[Baroque]] # [[Romanticism]] # [[Modernism]] # [[Postmodernism]] # [[Pop culture]] ==== Literature ==== # [[Ubuvanganzo]] <small>''(en:Literature)''</small> # [[History of literature]] # [[Prose]] # [[Igitabo]] <small>''(en:Book)''</small> # [[Fiction]] # [[Novel]] # [[Short story]] # [[Poetry]] # [[Rhyme]] * Forms # [[Epic poetry]] # [[Haiku]] # [[Sonnet]] ==== Music ==== # [[Music]] # [[History of music]] # [[Musical instrument]] # [[Singing]] * Genres # [[Classical music]] # [[Folk music]] # [[Hip hop music]] # [[Jazz]] # [[Pop music]] # [[Rock music]] {{col-break}} ==== Performing arts ==== # [[Performing arts]] # [[Dance]] # [[Ballet]] # [[Film]] # [[Documentary]] # [[Opera]] # [[Orchestra]] # [[Theatre]] # [[Comedy]] # [[Tragedy]] ==== Visual arts ==== # [[Visual arts]] # [[Architecture]] # [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]] # [[Great Wall of China]] # [[Comics]] # [[Drawing]] # [[Painting]] # [[Illustration]] # [[Portrait]] # [[Photography]] # [[Sculpture]] # [[Pottery]] # [[Statue]] {{col-end}} == Philosophy and religion (77 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} === Philosophy === # [[Philosophy]] * Philosophical branches # [[Ethics (philosophy)|Ethics]] # [[Epistemology]] # [[Belief]] # [[Knowledge]] # [[Truth]] # [[Logic]] # [[Metaphysics]] # [[Existence]] # [[Ontology]] # [[Free will]] * Philosophy by region and period # [[Western philosophy]] # [[Greek philosophy]] # [[Medieval philosophy]] # [[Contemporary philosophy]] # [[Eastern philosophy]] # [[Chinese philosophy]] # [[Indian philosophy]] # [[Islamic philosophy]] * Philosophical movements # [[Confucianism]] # [[Existentialism]] # [[Idealism]] # [[Hedonism]] # [[Humanism]] # [[Marxism]] # [[Nihilism]] # [[Rationalism]] # [[Realism]] # [[Skepticism]] {{col-break}} === Religion === # [[Religion]] # [[Deity]] # [[God]] # [[Goddess]] # [[Mythology]] # [[Mysticism]] # [[Soul]] # [[Spirituality]] # [[Meditation]] # [[Prayer]] # [[Worship]] # [[Yoga]] * Theistic philosophies # [[Theism]] # [[Agnosticism]] # [[Atheism]] # [[Deism]] # [[Gnosticism]] # [[Pantheism]] === Specific religions === # [[Bahá'í Faith]] # [[Buddhism]] # [[Mahayana]] # [[Theravada]] # [[Vajrayana]] # [[Ubukirisitu]] <small>''(en:Christianity)''</small> # [[Bibiliya]] <small>''(en:Bible)''</small> # [[Roman Catholic Church]] # [[Church]] # [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] # [[Protestantism]] # [[Pope]] # [[Hinduism]] # [[Bhagavad Gita]] # [[Krishna]] # [[Upanishad]] # [[Vedas]] # [[Islam]] # [[Mosque]] # [[Shia Islam]] # [[Sunni Islam]] # [[Qur'an]] # [[Jainism]] # [[Judaism]] # [[Tanakh]] # [[Shinto]] # [[Sikhism]] # [[Guru Granth Sahib]] # [[Taoism]] # [[Voodoo]] # [[Zoroastrianism]] {{col-end}} == Everyday life (80 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Clothing]] # [[Cooking]] # [[Ibara]] <small>''(en:Color)''</small> # [[Black]] # [[White]] # [[Emotion]] # [[Anger]] # [[Fear]] # [[Love]] # [[Happiness]] # [[Family]] # [[Adult]] # [[Umwana]] <small>''(en:Child)''</small> # [[Infant]] # [[Marriage]] # [[Gender]] # [[Man]] # [[Woman]] # [[Mind]] # [[Consciousness]] # [[Thought]] # [[Sleep]] # [[Dream]] === Food and drink === # [[Food]] # [[Umugati]] <small>''(en:Bread)''</small> # [[Cheese]] # [[Fruit]] # [[Grain]] # [[Ikigori]] <small>''(en:Maize plant)''</small> # [[Inyama]] <small>''(en:Meat)''</small> # [[Oat]] # [[Potato]] # [[Umuceli]] <small>''(en:Rice)''</small> # [[Soya]] <small>''(en:Soybean plant)''</small> # [[Imboga]] <small>''(en:Vegetable)''</small> # [[Wheat]] # [[Ikinyobwa]] <small>''(en:Drink)''</small> # [[Inzoga]] <small>''(en:Beer)''</small> # [[Ikawa]] <small>''(en:Coffee)''</small> # [[Drinking water]] # [[Milk]] # [[Tea]] # [[Wine]] {{col-break}} === Language === # [[Language]] # [[Alphabet]] # [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] # [[Grammar]] # [[Word]] # [[Writing]] * Specific languages # [[Arabic language]] # [[Bengali language]] # [[Chinese language]] # [[English language]] # [[French language]] # [[German language]] # [[Hindi]] # [[Japanese language]] # [[Kinyarwanda]] # [[Latin]] # [[Portuguese language]] # [[Punjabi language]] # [[Russian language]] # [[Sanskrit]] # [[Spanish language]] # [[Swahili language]] # [[Turkish language]] === Recreation and entertainment === # [[Recreation]] # [[Game]] # [[Board game]] # [[Chess]] # [[Draughts]] # [[Go (board game)|Go]] # [[Mancala]] # [[Video game]] # [[Gambling]] # [[Umukino]] <small>''(en:Sport)''</small> # [[Umupira w’amaguru]] <small>''(en:Assocition football; soccer)''</small> # [[Umupira w’agatebo]] <small>''(en:Basketball)''</small> # [[Athletics (track and field)]] # [[Toy]] {{col-end}} == Society and social sciences (88 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Society]] # [[Culture]] === Social issues === # [[Abortion]] # [[Euthanasia]] # [[Suicide]] # [[Discrimination]] # [[Racism]] # [[Sexism]] # [[Education]] # [[Freedom (political)|Freedom]] # [[Slavery]] # [[Globalization]] # [[Law]] # [[Capital punishment]] # [[Civil rights]] # [[Constitution]] # [[Crime]] # [[Justice]] # [[Police]] # [[Peace]] # [[War]] # [[Pollution]] # [[Poverty]] # [[Social movement]] # [[Environmentalism]] # [[Feminism]] === Business and economics === # [[Business]] # [[Economics]] # [[Good (economics and accounting)|Good]] # [[Service (economics)]] # [[Supply and demand]] # [[Company (law)|Company]] # [[Corporation]] # [[Finance]] # [[Industry]] # [[Agriculture]] # [[Manufacturing]] # [[Mining]] # [[Market]] # [[Marketing]] # [[Ifaranga]] <small>''(en:Money)''</small> # [[Euro]] # [[Japanese yen]] # [[Pound sterling]] # [[Renminbi]] # [[United States dollar]] # [[Tax]] # [[Trade]] {{col-break}} === Media === # [[Advertising]] # [[Broadcasting]] # [[Journalism]] # [[Magazine]] # [[Mass media]] # [[News]] # [[Newspaper]] # [[Publishing]] === Politics and government === # [[Politics]] # [[Government]] # [[Capitalism]] # [[Socialism]] # [[Civics]] # [[Anarchism]] # [[Communism]] # [[Democracy]] # [[Dictatorship]] # [[Fascism]] # [[Monarchy]] # [[Theocracy]] # [[Conservatism]] # [[Liberalism]] # [[Diplomacy]] # [[Imperialism]] # [[Military]] # [[Nationalism]] # [[State]] * Specific political and governmental institutions # [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] <small>''(en:European Union)''</small> # [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] # [[NATO]] # [[Nobel Prize]] # [[OPEC]] # [[Umuryango w’Abibumye]] <small>''(en:United Nations)''</small> # [[World Health Organization]] # [[World Trade Organization]] === Social sciences === # [[Social sciences]] # [[Anthropology]] # [[Political science]] # [[Psychology]] # [[Sociology]] {{col-end}} == Health and medicine (48 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} === Disease === # [[Disease]] # [[Alzheimer's disease]] # [[Cancer]] # [[Cholera]] # [[Common cold]] # [[Diabetes mellitus]] # [[Dysentery]] # [[Influenza]] # [[Malaria]] # [[Parkinson's disease]] # [[Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[AIDS]] # [[Syphilis]] # [[Smallpox]] # [[Tuberculosis]] === Health and fitness === # [[Health]] # [[Physical fitness]] # [[Physical exercise|Exercise]] # [[Hygiene]] # [[Obesity]] # [[Stress (medicine)|Stress]] # [[Addiction]] # [[Drug]] # [[Nutrition]] {{col-break}} === Medicine === # [[Medicine]] # [[Birth control]] # [[Coma]] # [[Disability]] # [[Autism]] # [[Blindness]] # [[Hearing impairment]] # [[Mental illness]] # [[Physical trauma]] # [[Aneurysm]] # [[Bone fracture]] # [[Brain damage]] # [[Burn (injury)|Burn]] # [[Cardiac arrest]] # [[Frostbite]] # [[Bleeding]] # [[Inflammation]] # [[Respiratory failure]] # [[Shock (medical)|Shock]] # [[Stroke]] # [[Medication]] # [[Antibiotic]] # [[Vaccine]] # [[Physician]] {{col-end}} == Science (177 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Science]] # [[History of science]] # [[Nature]] # [[Philosophy of science]] # [[Scientific method]] === Astronomy === # [[Astronomy]] # [[Asteroid]] # [[Asteroid belt]] # [[Big Bang]] # [[Comet]] # [[Eclipse]] # [[Galaxy]] # [[Milky Way]] # [[Natural satellite]] # [[Orbit]] # [[Outer space]] # [[Physical cosmology]] # [[Planet]] # [[Solar System]] # [[Sun]] # [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[Venus]] # [[Earth]] # [[Moon]] # [[Mars]] # [[Jupiter]] # [[Saturn]] # [[Uranus]] # [[Neptune]] # [[Pluto]] # [[Star]] # [[Supernova]] # [[Universe]] === Biology === # [[Biology]] # [[Ubuzima]] <small>''(en:Life)''</small> # [[Abiogenesis]] # [[Anatomy]] ## [[Umubiri]] <small>''(en:Human body)''</small> # [[Ubwonko]] <small>''(en:Brain)''</small> # [[Gastrointestinal tract]] # [[Heart]] # [[Immune system]] # [[Lung]] # [[Skeleton]] # [[Reproduction]] # [[Pregnancy]] # [[Sex]] # [[Botany]] # [[Cell (biology)]] # [[Ecology]] # [[Ecosystem]] # [[Evolution]] # [[Natural selection]] # [[Genetics]] # [[DNA]] # [[Gene]] # [[Heredity]] # [[Organism]] # [[Inyamaswa]] <small>''(en:Animals)''</small> # [[Amphibian]] # [[Bird]] # [[Dinosaur]] # [[Fish]] # [[Insect]] # [[Mammal]] ## [[Inka]] <small>''(en:Cattle)''</small> ## [[Injangwe]] <small>''(en:Domestic cat)''</small> ## [[Imbwa]] <small>''(en:Dog)''</small> ## [[Ifarashi]] <small>''(en:Horse)''</small> ## [[Human]] # [[Reptile]] # [[Archaea]] # [[Bagiteri]] <small>''(en:Bacteria)''</small> # [[Fungus]] # [[Ikimera]] <small>''(en:Plant)''</small> # [[Flower]] # [[Igiti]] <small>''(en:Tree)''</small> # [[Protist]] # [[Species]] # [[Zoology]] {{col-break}} === Chemistry === # [[Chemistry]] # [[Biochemistry]] # [[Organic chemistry]] # [[Inorganic chemistry]] # [[Acid]] # [[Alloy]] # [[Bronze]] # [[Steel]] # [[Atom]] # [[Base (chemistry)|Base]] # [[Catalysis]] # [[Chemical bond]] # [[Chemical compound]] # [[Alcohol]] # [[Carbon dioxide]] # [[Oil]] # [[Salt (chemistry)|Salt]] # [[Water]] # [[Chemical element]] # [[Aluminium]] # [[Carbon]] # [[Copper]] # [[Gold]] # [[Helium]] # [[Hydrogen]] # [[Iron]] # [[Nitrogen]] # [[Oxygen]] # [[Silicon]] # [[Silver]] # [[Sulfur]] # [[Uranium]] # [[Chemical reaction]] # [[Crystal]] # [[Electrolysis]] # [[Glass]] # [[Ion]] # [[Metal]] # [[Mineral]] # [[Molecule]] # [[Periodic table]] === Earth science === # [[Earth science]] # [[History of Earth]] # [[Geology]] # [[Avalanche]] # [[Crust (geology)|Crust]] # [[Earthquake]] # [[Erosion]] # [[Geologic fault]] # [[Magma]] # [[Mantle (geology)|Mantle]] # [[Plate tectonics]] # [[Volcano]] # [[Earth's atmosphere]] # [[Climate]] # [[Cloud]] # [[Flood]] # [[Global warming]] # [[Meteorology]] # [[Rain]] # [[Tornado]] # [[Tropical cyclone]] # [[Weather]] # [[Oceanography]] === Physics === # [[Physics]] # [[Particle physics]] # [[Standard Model]] # [[Subatomic particle]] # [[Electron]] # [[Neutrino]] # [[Neutron]] # [[Photon]] # [[Proton]] # [[Classical mechanics]] # [[Kinematics]] # [[Kinetics]] # [[Energy]] # [[Kinetic energy]] # [[Potential energy]] # [[Force]] # [[Electromagnetism]] # [[Gravitation]] # [[Strong interaction]] # [[Weak interaction]] # [[Heat]] # [[Temperature]] # [[Light]] # [[Electromagnetic radiation]] # [[Speed of light]] # [[Visible spectrum]] # [[Mass]] # [[Weight]] # [[Matter]] # [[Motion (physics)|Motion]] # [[Quantum mechanics]] # [[Sound]] # [[Space]] # [[Thermodynamics]] # [[Theory of relativity]] # [[Time]] {{col-end}} == Technology (121 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Technology]] # [[History of technology]] # [[Engineering]] # [[Artificial intelligence]] # [[Biotechnology]] # [[Genetic engineering]] # [[Nuclear technology]] # [[Tool]] === Energy === # [[Electricity]] # [[Geothermal power]] # [[Hydropower]] # [[Nuclear power]] # [[Petroleum]] # [[Solar energy]] # [[Wind power]] === Electronics === # [[Electronics]] # [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] # [[Capacitor]] # [[Diode]] # [[Incandescent light bulb]] # [[Integrated circuit]] # [[Semiconductor]] # [[Transistor]] === Mechanical and structural engineering === # [[Mechanical engineering]] # [[Engine]] # [[Electric motor]] # [[Internal combustion engine]] # [[Jet engine]] # [[Steam engine]] # [[Inclined plane]] # [[Lever]] # [[Pulley]] # [[Robot]] # [[Wheel]] # [[Arch]] # [[Bridge]] # [[Canal]] # [[Dam]] # [[Dome]] # [[House]] # [[Pyramid]] # [[Tower]] === Transportation === # [[Transport]] # [[Vehicle]] # [[Aircraft]] # [[Automobile]] # [[Bicycle]] # [[Elevator]] # [[Helicopter]] # [[Motorcycle]] # [[Train]] === Information technology === # [[Information technology]] # [[Abacus]] # [[Calculator]] # [[Computer]] # [[Cryptography]] === Optical === # [[Camera]] # [[Glasses]] # [[Laser]] # [[Lens (optics)|Lens]] # [[Microscope]] # [[Prism (optics)|Prism]] # [[Telescope]] {{col-break}} === Media and communication === # [[Telecommunication]] # [[E-mail]] # [[Internet]] # [[Microphone]] # [[Mobile phone]] # [[Printing press]] # [[Printing]] # [[Radio]] # [[Telephone]] # [[Television]] # [[Typewriter]] # [[Video]] # [[World Wide Web]] === Navigation and timekeeping === # [[Calendar]] # [[Clock]] # [[Compass]] # [[Global Positioning System]] # [[Gyroscope]] # [[Pendulum]] # [[Radar]] # [[Sonar]] # [[Sundial]] === Weapons === # [[Weapon]] # [[Artillery]] # [[Bow (weapon)|Bow]] # [[Firearm]] # [[Handgun]] # [[Knife]] # [[Machine gun]] # [[Nuclear weapon]] # [[Rifle]] # [[Sword]] # [[Submarine]] # [[Tank]] === Material and chemical === # [[Candle]] # [[Fire]] # [[Explosive material]] # [[Dynamite]] # [[Gasoline]] # [[Gunpowder]] # [[Metallurgy]] # [[Plastic]] # [[Rubber]] === Food and health === # [[Electrocardiogram]] # [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] # [[Pasteurization]] # [[Refrigerator]] # [[Stove]] # [[X-ray]] === Space === # [[Hubble Space Telescope]] # [[International Space Station]] # [[Moon landing]] # [[Rocket]] # [[Satellite]] # [[Space Shuttle]] # [[Space station]] {{col-end}} == Mathematics (59 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Mathematics]] # [[Constant]] # [[Pi]] # [[e (mathematical constant)|e]] # [[Number]] # [[Complex number]] # [[Integer]] # [[Natural number]] # [[Number theory]] # [[Prime number]] # [[Rational number]] # [[Real number]] # [[Arithmetic]] # [[Addition]] # [[Subtraction]] # [[Multiplication]] # [[Division (mathematics)|Division]] # [[Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction]] # [[Percentage]] # [[Exponentiation]] # [[Square root]] # [[Combinatorics]] # [[Numerical digit|Digit]] # [[Equation]] # [[Function (mathematics)|Function]] # [[Logarithm]] # [[Variable]] # [[Algebra]] # [[Linear algebra]] # [[Matrix (mathematics)|Matrix]] {{col-break}} # [[Mathematical analysis]] # [[Calculus]] # [[Differential equation]] # [[Infinity]] # [[Limit (mathematics)|Limit]] # [[Probability]] # [[Statistics]] # [[Chaos theory]] # [[Game theory]] # [[Geometry]] # [[Angle]] # [[Area]] # [[Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates]] # [[Dimension]] # [[Line (mathematics)|Line]] # [[Plane (mathematics)|Plane]] # [[Point (mathematics)|Point]] # [[Shape]] # [[Circle]] # [[Cube]] # [[Sphere]] # [[Square (geometry)|Square]] # [[Triangle]] # [[Volume]] # [[Mathematical proof]] # [[Series (mathematics)|Series]] # [[Set]] # [[Topology]] # [[Trigonometry]] {{col-end}} == Measurement (26 articles) == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Measurement]] # [[Metric system]] # [[International System of Units]] # [[Imperial unit]] # Time # [[Second]] # [[Day]] # [[Year]] # Length # [[Foot (length)|Foot]] # [[Kilometer]] # [[Metre]] # [[Mile]] # Angle # [[Degree (angle)|Degree]] # [[Radian]] {{col-break}} # Volume # [[Litre]] # [[Mass]] # [[Weight]] # [[Kilogram]] # [[Pound (mass)|Pound]] # [[Ton]] # Temperature # [[Celsius]] # [[Fahrenheit]] # Force # [[Newton]] # Power # [[Watt]] # Electromagnetism # [[Ampere]] # [[Volt]] # [[Ohm]] {{col-end}} [[Category:Wikipedia article lists|All languages should have]] [[Category:Wikipedia core topics|Vital articles]] 8c6b6wn5rz4zzfqoo1p74qv9i3z0yvt 10 7222 66955 64235 2013-03-11T11:22:47Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 98 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5538331]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{rellink|extraclasses=boilerplate seealso|{{{altphrase|See also}}}: {{#if:{{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} |<!--then:-->[[:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{label 1|{{{l1|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 1|{{{l1}}}}}}}}]] |<!--else:-->'''Error: [[Template:See also|Template must be given at least one article name]]''' }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|, |&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{label 2|{{{l2|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 2|{{{l2}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{3}}}{{#if:{{{label 3|{{{l3|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 3|{{{l3}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{4}}}{{#if:{{{label 4|{{{l4|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 4|{{{l4}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{6|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{5}}}{{#if:{{{label 5|{{{l5|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 5|{{{l5}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{#if:{{{7|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{6}}}{{#if:{{{label 6|{{{l6|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 6|{{{l6}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{7}}}{{#if:{{{label 7|{{{l7|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 7|{{{l7}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{#if:{{{9|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{8}}}{{#if:{{{label 8|{{{l8|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 8|{{{l8}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{#if:{{{10|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{9}}}{{#if:{{{label 9|{{{l9|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 9|{{{l9}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{#if:{{{11|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{10}}}{{#if:{{{label 10|{{{l10|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 10|{{{l10}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{#if:{{{12|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{11}}}{{#if:{{{label 11|{{{l11|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 11|{{{l11}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{#if:{{{13|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{12}}}{{#if:{{{label 12|{{{l12|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 12|{{{l12}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{#if:{{{14|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{13}}}{{#if:{{{label 13|{{{l13|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 13|{{{l13}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, |,&nbsp;and }} [[:{{{14}}}{{#if:{{{label 14|{{{l14|}}}}}}|{{!}}{{{label 14|{{{l14}}}}}}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{15|}}}|,&nbsp;and [[:{{{15}}}{{#if:{{{label 15|{{{l15|}}} }}}|{{!}}{{{label 15|{{{l15|}}} }}} }}]] }}{{#if:{{{16|}}}| &mdash; '''<br/>Error: [[Template:See also|Too many links specified (maximum is 15)]]''' }}}}<noinclude> </noinclude> 8pdvz2g2olx73pjuu6zzovsn2jau78f 10 7223 61559 2012-12-18T21:23:59Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "<div class="rellink{{#if:{{{extraclasses|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>{{{extraclasses}}}}}">{{{1}}}</div>" wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="rellink{{#if:{{{extraclasses|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>{{{extraclasses}}}}}">{{{1}}}</div> 2yhy2pus8qqimlfi3p0y66hl3khvnch 0 7233 67116 63600 2013-03-11T11:26:34Z Legobot 3366 [[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 13 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q153411]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Carolina Dieckmann 01.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Carolina Dieckmann</font>]] '''Carolina Dieckmann''' cyangwa '''Carolina Dieckmann Worcman''' ([[16 Setembro]] [[1978]]). == Imiyoboro == * {{imdb nome|id=0225867}} [[Category:Abagore]] 6ua23g6d2vh1othcehuddz3xdpcx0et 0 7257 64055 2013-02-23T20:57:57Z PiRSquared17 1263 PiRSquared17 moved page [[Main Page]] to [[Intangiriro]]: per https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Main_Page#Main_menu wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intangiriro]] c4j3nbjkh6vtfjytx6tj8y7hmhuzccb 4 7259 70425 64059 2016-01-31T00:20:03Z Varlaam 1203 Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] jm5petct5w5mj5riujbmsdcb9hdrig5 0 7358 67425 2013-03-31T18:37:06Z Magnefl 3801 Redirect because «Norge» and «Noreg» are the country's own names and may be used as a search string wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Noruveje]] nko1qjk9u1rmxtk5qu3qpngxv4583lt 0 7359 67426 2013-03-31T18:37:32Z Magnefl 3801 Redirect because «Norge» and «Noreg» are the country's own names and may be used as a search string wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Noruveje]] nko1qjk9u1rmxtk5qu3qpngxv4583lt 0 7370 67998 67997 2013-04-21T03:58:24Z KLBot2 3804 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:Wikidata]] on [[d:Q3178895]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Totia Meireles 2a.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Totia Meireles</font>]] '''Totia Meireles''' cyangwa '''Maria Elvira Meirelles''' ([[11 Octobre]] [[1958]]). == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Abagore]] ssgx0smno5pzk2punawoh76raj4x896 0 7372 76963 68012 2021-08-04T22:34:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyugwe National Park.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|igishanga]] ''Igishanga'': Ni ahantu harambuye hagati y’imisozi harimo amazi menshi n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima hamera urufunzo cyangwa urukangaga cyangwa ibimera byo mu muryango wabyo <1>Itegeko Ngenga N° 04/2005 ryo ku wa 08/04/2005 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ibidukikije mu Rwanda<http://www.rema.gov.rw/rema_doc/Laws/Environment%20Organic%20Law.pdf> 6a146vuvzhsf3i9g9sti3a9m23mxc0r 14 7387 68071 2013-05-27T18:44:19Z Russavia 881 Created page with "[[Category:User ru]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User ru]] 14tdnwe4ldru53s2e7jpx833jefvs60 0 7414 81323 77102 2022-01-09T11:15:37Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Rangers_FC_Logo.png|Rangers_FC_Logo.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: No permission since 27 December 2021. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Soccer Burundi.png|thumb|As Rangers FC ikinira mu Burundi|159x159px]] AS Rangers FC's history AS Rangers FC formerly known as Dragon Super Rangers FC, is Burundian Football Club based in Nyakabiga, Bujumbura. Its nickname Les Lions. The club plays in the fourth division of the Bujumbura Football Association. The club was founded 1994 by Eric Kabeya a former Burundi International. The club was formed to initiate and to train football to the youth of Nyakabiga. In 1999, Dragon Super Rangers FC was created by the merger of two teams Dragon FC and Super Rangers FC. This team affiliated in the fourth division of the Bujumbura Football Association BFA (Association de Football de Bujumbura AFB). In 2000, Dragon Super Rangers FC played it first match of the league against Etoile de Jabe. The club's legend Mukinje Jean Marie Vianney scored the club's historic first goal in the league. The club finished third in the league table and was promoted in the third division. [[Dosiye:Rangers_v_Unirea_Urziceni,_Champions_League.jpg|left|thumb|140x140px|Ikipe ya AS Rangers mu marushanwa nyafurika ]] In 2004 season, the club finished second in the league and narrowly missed out the promotion into the second division. In 2008, after three years of internal turmoil, the club's members of the club adopted the new name of the club as Sportive Association of Rangers Football Club (Association Sportive de Rangers Football Club "AS Rangers FC"). The club affiliated in the fifth division of the Bujumbura Football League of Buyenzi. In 2010, The club finished second in the league and was promoted in the fourth division of the Bujumbura Football Association. In 2011, the club was promoted in the third division where they are still playing. In 2012-2013, AS Rangers FC finished 3rd in the league. In 2013-2014 AS Rangers FC missed out the promotion by finishing second in their group. In September 2015, AS Rangers FC finished bottom of their group .The Bujumbura Football Association decided to organise a three teams AS Rangers FC, Africa Sport et Brother's men (who finished bottom of their groups) play offs in which one team will stay in the third division and two will be relegated in the 4th division. hz7nouo12j3na48vf2y6fvu9zx7zdd3 0 7415 68341 68340 2013-09-03T09:09:18Z 87.18.31.61 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Campus Unicusano.jpg|thumb|300px|<font color="grey">Kaminuza Niccolò Cusano</font>]] '''Kaminuza Niccolò Cusano''' (izina mu [[gitaliyani]]: ''Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano'' - UniCusano) ni [[kaminuza]] i [[Roma]] muri [[Ubutaliyani]]. == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.unicusano.it Kaminuza Niccolò Cusano] {{commons|Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano}} [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Ubutaliyani]] s7b83mdlt8c6yrwbqhd5yehfvfzuthj 0 7449 78489 77232 2021-08-25T00:53:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GakenkeDist.png|thumb|GakenkeDist]] [[Dosiye:Farmers to the market,Gakenke, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|abahinzi bo muri gakenke]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|220x220px|Rwanda]] Akarere ka Gakenke gaherereye mu ntara y' amajyaruguru. Ubuyobozi bw' akarere ka Gakenke bukorera mu mujyi wa Gakenke muri km 1 uvuye muri centre y' ubucuruzi ya Gakenke. Kuva i Kigali kugera Gakenke ni km hafi 56, na ho kuva mu mujyi wa Musanze uvuye mu majyaruguru ni km 33. About the District (Ibyerekeye akarere) A. IMITERERE Y’AKARERE KA GAKENKE: AHO GAHEREREYE Akarere ka Gakenke ni kamwe mu Turere dutanu tugize Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Gafite ubuso bungana na 704.06 Km2;Imirenge 19; utugari 97 n’imidugudu 617. Akarere ka Gakenke gatuwe n’Abaturage 338.586 ku bucucike bw’abaturage (Population density) 481 kuri Km2 imwe (481Pop/Km2 ) muri bo igitsina gore kirangana na 53% by’abaturage bose b’Akarere na ho igitsina gabo kirangana na 47% by’abaturage bose batuye Akarere ka Gakenke. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GakenkeDist.png tw2xzs2gb8m6wepsylo8bxipepl9anf 0 7451 68419 2013-10-09T20:11:21Z Luigi Salvatore Vadacchino 4135 Created page with "'''Radio Studio 54 Network''' ni [[radiyo]]. [[File:Radio Studio 54 Network logo.svg|thumbnail|Radio Studio 54 Network logo]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.studio54network.it/..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Radio Studio 54 Network''' ni [[radiyo]]. [[File:Radio Studio 54 Network logo.svg|thumbnail|Radio Studio 54 Network logo]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.studio54network.it/ Studio 54 Network website] * [http://share.xdevel.com/scriptshare/streamsolution/playeros/index.php?logobackground=000000&logo=true&autostart=true&height=36&width=380&id=442964986e275016d0e4a3e3ec40e0d6 Radio Studio 54 Network webcast] [[Category:Amaradiyo mu Ubutaliyani]] sfv4tehslpo3t594ipsg013gw4ueylf 14 7452 68420 2013-10-09T20:12:12Z Luigi Salvatore Vadacchino 4135 Created page with "[[Category:Amaradiyo]] [[Category:Ubutaliyani]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Amaradiyo]] [[Category:Ubutaliyani]] r3t2xelbkae6a5q5wzs6nwoak4xihw5 10 7465 68509 68474 2013-11-13T16:15:15Z Chabi1 2133 wikitext text/x-wiki <br clear="all" /> {| align="center" id="toc" cellspacing="0" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" | align="center" | '''[[Aziya|Igihugu muri Aziya]]''' |- align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" ||[[Afuganisitani]] | [[Arabiya Sawudite]] | [[Azeribayijani]] | [[Bahirayini]] | [[Bangaladeshi]] | [[Buruneyi]] | [[Butani]] | [[Filipine]] | [[Geworugiya]] | [[Indonesiya]] | [[Irake]] | [[Irani]] | [[Isirayeli]] | [[Kambodiya]] | [[Katari]] | [[Kazakisitani]] | [[Kirigizisitani]] | [[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru]] | [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] | [[Koweti]] | [[Lawosi]] | [[Libani]] | [[Malesiya]] | [[Malidivezi]] | [[Mayanimari]] | [[Mongoliya]] | [[Nepali]] | [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe]] | [[Omani]] | [[Pakisitani]] | [[Palestine]] | [[Singapore]] | [[Siri Lanka]] | [[Siriya]] | [[Tajikisitani]] | [[Tayilande]] | [[Tayiwani]] | [[Timoro-Lesite]] | [[Turukimenisitani]] | [[Turukiya]] | [[Ubushinwa]] | [[Ubuyapani]] | [[Uzubekisitani]] | [[Yemeni]] | [[Yorudani]] |} kfl3141xglm42o8pzmfqapj3bryvz0l 4 7471 82155 82154 2022-02-24T17:47:08Z QueerEcofeminist 7100 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/Puerta25|Puerta25]] ([[User talk:Puerta25|talk]]) to last version by Mdennis (WMF): test edits, please use the sandbox wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right]] <big>[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal]]</big> f3w3sjswhwkrbd9ayivxio5cwiornew 0 7485 76936 70698 2021-08-04T01:57:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gutenberg Bible.jpg|center|thumb|bibiliya]] Igitabo cy'Ibyahishuwe ni igitabo cya nyuma cyo muri Bibiliya {{stub}} 15k95tylcozfd2a3swhproa6xhziqwv 0 7488 77385 71168 2021-08-10T01:31:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry and Rwandan President Kagame Pose for A Photo With Rwandan Foreign Minister Musikiwabo and U.S. Ambassador Barks-Ruggles in Kigali (30326383225).jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|President Kagame]] Mu muco Nyarwanda si ibyo dutozwa kwakira abashyitsi badusanga. lerwgxu6dp49093myhhh3mgogspxh2f 0 7490 77401 71744 2021-08-10T02:19:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Memphis Sun Studios record master.jpg|thumb|ifoto]] '''Marek Michał Grechuta''' (10 Ukuboza 1945 - 09 Ukwawira 2006) Polish umusizi na umuririmbyi. {{stub}} 7jyvh1k1srd6oajr1epg0penwjfpb62 0 7492 68899 68898 2014-07-13T12:28:59Z CFCF 4534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = Gapfura | image = Pos strep.JPG | caption = Ikizamini cyagaragaje uburwayi bwa anjine izanye n'amashyira ku maraka y'umuntu ufite ikigero cy'imyaka 16. | alt = Amaraka manini aherereye mu gice cy'inyuma cy' umuhogo afurebywe mu umworohera w'umweru | DiseasesDB = 12507 | ICD10 = J02 | ICD9 = 034.0 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000639 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1811 | MeshID = }} '''Gapfura''' cyangwa '''anjine''' ni [[indwara]] iterwa na [[bagiteri]] yitwa “[[streptococcus|sitereputokusi y’itsinda A]] ”.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|nine/100014400|streptococcal pharyngitis}}</ref> Anjine yibasira [[umuhogo]] n'[[amaraka]]. Amaraka ni [[udusoko]] tubiri two mu muhogo duherereye ahagana inyuma h' [[umunwa]] . Anjine ishobora nanone gufata agasanduku k'ijwi ([[inkanka]] ). [[Ibimenyetso]] rusange biyiranga birimo [[umuriro]] , [[ububabare bwo mu mihogo]] (bituma bayita uburwayi mu mihogo), n'[[wikt:kibyimbye|ukubyimba]] k'udusoko (twitwa [[inturugunyu nyamagege]] ) zo mu [[ijosi]]. Anjine itera 37% by' uburwayi bwo mu mihogo mu [[bana]] .<ref name=Peds2010/> Anjine ikwirakwira binyuze kwegerana n' abantu barwaye iyo [[indwara]]. Kugira ngo hamenywe neza ko umuntu arwaye anjine, hakenerwa ko hakorwa ikizamini cyitwa [[igenzura ry'uburwayi bw'umuhogo]]. Nubwo iki kizamini cyaba kidakozwe, ikekwa ry'uko umuntu yaba arwaye anjine rishobora kumenywa biturutse ku [[bimenyetso]]. [[Imiti ya antibiyotiki]] ishobora gufasha umuntu urwaye anjine. Antibiyotiki ni [[imiti]] yica [[bagiteri]]. Ikunda gukoreshwa mu kwirinda ugukomerezwa nk'ukw’ [[ibicurane bikaze]] kurusha kugabanya iminsi y'uburwayi.<ref name=Review09/> ==Ibimenyetso n' ibirangandwara== Ibirangandwara bimenyerewe by' anjine ni ukurwara mu mihogo, [[umuriro]] urenza dogere 38°C (100.4°F), [[amashyira]] ([[ururenda]] rw'umuhondo cyangwa icyatsi ( rugizwe na bagiteri zapfuye, n' udusoro tw'amaraso twera) ku maraka, n' ibyimba ry'inturugunyu nyamagege.<ref name=Review09>{{cite journal|author=Choby BA |title=Diagnosis n' treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=5|pages=383–90 |year=2009 |month=March |pmid=19275067 |doi=|url=http: www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0301/p383.html}}</ref> Hashobora kubaho ibindi birangandwara nk': * Ububabare bwo mu mutwe ([[umutwe]] )<ref name=Review06>{{cite journal |author=Brook I, Dohar JE |title=Management of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=55 |issue=12 |pages=S1–11; quiz S12 |year=2006|month=December |pmid=17137534 |doi= |url=}}</ref> * [[Ukuruka]] cyangwa ukumva ufite ([[isesemi]] )<ref name=Review06/> * [[Ububabare]] bwo mu [[gifu]]<ref name=Review06/> * [[Ububabare]] bwo mu [[mikaya]]<ref name=Review2001/> * [[Ibabuka]] (utubyimba duto tw'umutuku) ry’u mubiri cyangwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo. Iki ni ikimenyetso kidasanzwe ariko cyihariye.<ref name=Review09/> Umuntu urwaye anjine agaragarwaho n'ibirangandwara kuva ku munsi umwe kugera kuri itatu nyuma y'uko ahuye n' umuntu uyirwaye.<ref name=Review09/> <gallery> File:StrepAug2010.JPG|Urugero rwa anjine. Niwitegereza urabona amaraka yabyimbishijwe n'amashyira y'umweru. File:Streptococcal pharyngitis.jpg|Urugero rwa anjine. Niwitegereza urabona uduheri tw'umutuku. Utu duheri ntidusanzwe, gusa ni ikimenyetso cyihariye.<ref name=Review09/> File:Strep throat2010.JPG|Urugero rwa anjine yafashe umwana ufite imyaka 8. Niwitegereza urabona amaraka manini ahagana inyuma h'umuhogo, akaba yuzuyemo amashyira y'umweru. </gallery> ==Ikiyitera== Anjine iterwa n' ubwoko bwa [[bagiteri]] yitwa sitereputokusi beta-hemolitiki yo mu itsinda rya A (GAS).<ref name=Review10>{{cite journal |author=Baltimore RS |title=Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis |journal=Curr. Opin. Pediatr. |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=77–82 |year=2010 |month=February|pmid=19996970 |doi=10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833502e7 |url=}}</ref>Izindi bagiteri cyangwa virusi bishobora na byo gutera ububabare bwo mu mihogo.<ref name=Review09/><ref name=Review2001/> Abantu bafatwa na anjine mu buryo butaziguye, begeranye n' umurwayi. Indwara ishobora gukwirakwira ku buryo bworoshye igihe abantu bateraniye hamwe.<ref name=Review2001>{{cite journal|author=Hayes CS, Williamson H |title=Management of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis|journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=63 |issue=8|pages=1557–64 |year=2001 |month=April |pmid=11327431 |doi=|url=http: www.aafp.org/afp/20010415/1557.html}}</ref><ref name="pmid15765640">{{cite journal |author=Lindbaek M, Høiby EA, Lermark G, Steinsholt IM, Hjortdahl P |title=Predictors for spread of clinical group A streptococcal tonsillitis within the household |journal=Scand J Prim Health Care |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=239–43 |year=2004 |pmid=15765640|doi=10.1080/02813430410006729}}</ref> Ingero z'amakoraniro zirimo abantu bari mu [[igisirikari]] cyangwa mu [[mashuri]] . Bagiteri ya GAS ishobora kumiranira mu [[mukungugu]] , ariko muri icyo gihe ntishobora kurwaza abantu. Iyo bagiteri ziri mu bidukikije zikomeje [[gutoha|ubuhehere]] zishobora kurwaza abantu mu gihe kigera ku minsi 15.<ref name=Review2001/> Bagiteri zihehereye zisangwa ku bintu nk' [[uburoso bw'amenyo]] Izi bagiteri zishobora kuba mu biribwa, ariko ibi ntibikunda kubaho cyane. Abantu barya ibiribwa bashobora kurwara.<ref name=Review2001/> Cumi na kabiri ku ijana by' abana badafite ibirangandwara bya anjine bafite GAS mu mihogo yabo ubusanzwe.<ref name=Peds2010>{{cite journal |author=Shaikh N, Leonard E, Martin JM |title=Prevalence of streptococcal pharyngitis and streptococcal carriage in children: a meta-analysis|journal=Pediatrics |volume=126 |issue=3 |pages=e557–64 |year=2010 |month=September|pmid=20696723 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-2648|url=}}</ref> ==Uko isuzumwa== {| class="wikitable" style = "float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center" |+ [[Igipimo cya Centor kivuguruye]] !Amanota||Ikigero anjine ishobora kubonekeraho||Uburyo ivurwa |- | 1 cyangwa mu nsi|| <10%||Nta antibiyotiki cyangwa ikizamini bikenewe |- | 2 ||11–17%||rowspan="2"|Antibiyotiki ishingiye ku kizamini cyangwa RADT |- | 3 ||28–35% |- | 4 cyangwa 5 ||52%||Antibiyotiki nta gukora ikizamini |} Urutonde rwitwa igipimo gihinduye cya Centor gifasha abaganga gufata icemezo cy'uko tbashobora kuvura abantu barwaye uburwayi bwo mu mihogo. Igipimo cya Centor gifite ibipimo cyangwa amagenzura [[y'ubuvuzi]] atanu. Cyerekana uburyo bishoboka ko umuntu arwaye anjine.<ref name=Review09/> Inota rimwe ritangwa kuri kimwe muri ibi bishingirwaho:<ref name=Review09/> *Nta nkorora *Ukubyimba kw' inturugunyu nyamagege cyangwa inturugunyu nyamagege zibabaza iyo umuntu azikozeho *Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 38°C (100.4°F) *Amashyira cyangwa ukubyimba kw' amaraka *Mu kigero kiri munsi y'imyaka (inota rimwe rikurwaho iyo umuntu ari hejuri y'imyaka 44) ===Ikizamini cyo muri laboratwari=== Ikizamini cyitwa igenzura ry'uburwayi bw'umuhogo] ni uburyo bw'igenzi<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Smith, Ellen Reid |author2=Kahan, Scott |author3=Miller, Redonda G. |title=In A Page Signs & Symptoms |series=In a Page Series |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Hagerstown, Maryland|year=2008 |pages=312 |isbn=0-7817-7043-2 |oclc=}}</ref> kugira ngo hamenyekane niba umuntu arwaye anjine. Iki kizamini gitanga icyizere kuva kuri 90 kugeza kuri 95 ku ijana y' igihe.<ref name=Review09/> Habaho ikindi kizamini twitwa ikizamini cya anjine cyihuse, cyangwa [[ikizamini cyihuse cyo kuvumbura mikorobi|RADT]] . Ikizamini cya anjine cyihuse kibangutse kurusha igenzurandwara zo mu mihogo ariko kivumbura indwara ku buryo bwizewe kukigero cya 70 ku ijana gusa by' igihe cyagenwe. Ibizamini byombi bishobora kwerekana igihe umuntu atarwaye anjine. Bishobora kwerekana ibi ku kigero cyizewe cya 98 ku ijana by' igihe.<ref name=Review09/> Mu gihe umuntu arwaye igenzurandwara zo mu mihogo cyangwa ikizamini cya anjine cyihuse bishobora kuranga niba umuntu arwaye anjine.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> Abantu batagaragaza ibirangandwara ntibakwiye gupimwa indwara zo mu mihogo cyangwa ikizamini cya anjine cyihuse kuko abantu bamwe bafite bagiteri zitera anjine mu mihogo yabo ubusanzwe nta ngaruka izo arizo zose bibateye. Aba bantu kandi ntibakenewe kuvurwa.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> ===Impamvu zitera ibiterandwara nk'ibi=== Anjine ifite bimwe mu birangandwara nk'iby'izindi ndwara. Kubera iyo mpamvu, birakomeye kumenya niba umuntu arwaye anjine nta igenzurandwara zo mu mihogo cyangwa igenzura ryihuse rya anjine rikozwe.<ref name=Review09/> Iyo umuntu afite umuriro n' uburibwe bwo mu mihogo biherekejwe n' [[inkorora]] , ibimyira byindi mu [[mazuru]] , [[impiswi]] , n' ugutukura no kumva ububabare mu [[maso]] , biba bishoboka ko yaba arwaye ukurwara mu mihogo guterwa na [[virusi]] .<ref name=Review09/> [[ubwandure|Iyandura]] [[ukubyimba mu mihogo]] ishobora gutera ububyimbe bw'inturugunyu ziri mu umuhogo na ukurwara mu mihogo, umuriro, ndetse ikaba yatuma amaraka aba manini.<ref name="pmid15508538">{{cite journal |author=Ebell MH |title=Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis |journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=70 |issue=7 |pages=1279–87 |year=2004 |pmid=15508538 |doi=|url=http:www.aafp.org/afp/20041001/1279.html}}</ref> Iri genzura rishobora kwemezwa na igenzura ry'amaraso. Nti habaho ariko ivura ryihariye bwa uburwayi bwo mu mihogo bwandura. ==Uko yirindwa== Abantu bamwe bafatwa na anjine kurusha abandi. Gukuramo amaraka ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kurinda aba abantu gufatwa na anjine.<ref name=Old84>{{cite journal |author=Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Bachman RZ, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children. Results of parallel randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials|journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=310 |issue=11 |pages=674–83 |year=1984 |month=March |pmid=6700642 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM198403153101102|url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Alho OP, Koivunen P, Penna T, Teppo H, Koskela M, Luotonen J|title=Tonsillectomy versus watchful waiting in recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in adults: randomised controlled trial|journal=BMJ |volume=334 |issue=7600 |pages=939|year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17347187 |pmc=1865439 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39140.632604.55|url=}}</ref> Gufatwa na anjine inshuro eshatu cyangwa nyinshi mu mwaka umwe bishobora kuba impamvu nyayo mu gukuraho amaraka.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Johnson BC, Alvi A |title=Cost-effective workup for tonsillitis. Testing, treatment, and potential complications|journal=Postgrad Med |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=115–8, 121 |year=2003 |month=March |pmid=12647478 |doi=|url=}}</ref> Gusa ariko nanone gutegereza biba byiza aho kwihutira kuyakata.<ref name=Old84/> ==Uko ivurwa== Anjine akenshi imara iminsi mike nta [[kuvurwa]] .<ref name=Review09/> Kuyivurisha [[indwanyamikorobi]] bituma ibirangandwara bizimira byihuse mu gihe cy'amasaha 16.<ref name=Review09/> Impamvu y'ingenzi ituma ivurishwa indwanyamikorobi ni uko bigabanya ingorane zo kuba umuntu yagira uburwayi bukaze. Urugero ni, indwara y'umutima izwi nka [[ibicurane bikaze]] cyangwa urukorakorane rw'amashyira mu muhogo ruzwi nka [[ikibyimba cyo mu mihogo]] .<ref name=Review09/> Indwanyamikorobi zikora neza iyo zitanzwe m nyuma yo kugaragara kw'ibirangandwara.<ref name=Review10/> ===Imiti igabanya ububabare=== Imiti igamije koroshya [[ububabare]] ishobora gufasha ku bubabare buterwa na anjine.<ref name=Review00>{{cite journal |author=Thomas M, Del Mar C, Glasziou P |title=How effective are treatments other than antibiotics for acute sore throat? |journal=Br J Gen Pract|volume=50 |issue=459 |pages=817–20 |year=2000 |month=October |pmid=11127175 |pmc=1313826|doi=}}</ref> Iyi miti akenshi ibamo[[itari siteroyidali]] cyangwa isanzwe izwi nka [[asetaminofene]] . [[Ingirabuzimafatizo]] na zo ni ingenzi<ref name=Review10/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http:www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123372200/abstract |title=Effectiveness of Corticosteroid Treatment in Acute Pharyngitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.|work=Andrew Wing. 2010; Academic Emergency Medicine |accessdate=}}</ref>, nka [[lidokayine]] ikoreshwa mu gutanga ikinya mu [[myorohera]] .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http:www.medicinenet.com/lidocaine_viscous/article.htm |title=Generic Name: Lidocaine Viscous (Xylocaine Viscous) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions |work=MedicineNet.com |accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> [[Asipirine]] ishobora gukoreshwa ku [[bantu bakuze]]. Si byiza guha asipirine abana kubera ko ishobora gutuma barwara [[indwara ifite ibimeneyetso bigaragara ko byica ya Reye]] .<ref name=Review10/> ===Imiti izitira mikorobe=== [[Penesiline V]] ni inzitiramikorobi ikoreshwa cyane muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu kuvura anjine. Irakoreshwa cyane kubera ko nta ngorane iteza, ikora neza kandi ntigura [[amafaranga]] menshi] .<ref name=Review09/> [[Amogisiline]] ikoreshwa kenshi mu [[Uburayi]] .<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bonsignori F, Chiappini E, De Martino M|title=The infections of the upper respiratory tract in children |journal=Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol |volume=23 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=16–9 |year=2010|pmid=20152073 |doi=}}</ref> Mu [[Ubuhinde]] , birashoboka ko abantu bandura ibicurane bikaze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuti [[uterwa mu rushinge]] witwa penesiline benzatine G ni wo ukoreshwa buri gihe.<ref name=Review10/> Antibiyotiki igabanya igihe ibimenyetso byagombaga kumara. Impuzandengo iri hagati y'iminsi itatu n'itanu. Antibiyotiki igabanya ubu burebure ho hafi umunsi umwe. Iyi miti igabanya kandi ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002/> Imiti ikoreshwa kenshi mu kugerageza kugabanya [[ubukare]] budakunda kugaragara. Burimo [[ibicurane bikaze]] , [[gusesa ubuheri ku mubiri]] cyangwa[[ubwandure bw'umubiri]] .<ref name=InternalMedPosition2001>{{cite journal |author=Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR|title=Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults |journal=Ann Intern Med |volume=134 |issue=6|pages=506–8 |year=2001|month=March |pmid=11255529 |doi= |url=http: www.annals.org/cgi/reprint/134/6/506.pdf}}</ref> Ibyiza bya indwanyamikorobi bikwiye kuringanizwa n' izindi ngaruka zishobora gutera.<ref name=Review2001/> Kuvurwa hakoreshejwe indwanyamikorobi/antibiyotiki ntibikwiye gukoreshwa ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubuzima buzira umuze bagizweho ingaruka zo kuba bafashe imiti.<ref name=InternalMedPosition2001/> Indwanyamikorobi/antibiyotiki zikoreshwa kuri anjine kurusha uko hitezwe biturutse k'uko anjine iteye n' umuvuduko ikwirakwiriraho.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Linder JA, Bates DW, Lee GM, Finkelstein JA |title=Antibiotic treatment of children with sore throat |journal=J Am Med Assoc |volume=294 |issue=18 |pages=2315–22 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16278359|doi=10.1001/jama.294.18.2315|url=http:jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/294/18/2315}}</ref> Imiti ya [[eritoromisine]] (n' indi miti, yitwa [[makorolide]]) ikwiye gukoreshwa ku abantu bafite [[ubwivumbure bw'umubiri]] [[bukaze]] aho gukoresha [[penesilini]] .<ref name=Review09/>[[Sefalosiporini]] zishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu batagira ubwivumbure bukabije bw'umubiri.<ref name=Review09/> Ubwandu bw'umubiri butewe n'agakoko ka siterebutokoki bushobora nanone gutera ukubyimba kw' [[impyiko]] (uburwayi bw'impyiko bworoheje). Indwanyamikorobi/antibiyotiki ntizigabanya amahirwe y' iyi miterere.<ref name=Review10/> ==Icyo gushimangira== Ibirangandwara bya anjine akenshi bikira, bivuwe cyangwa bitavuwe, mu gihe kiri hagati y'iminsi itatu n'itanu.<ref name=IDSAGuideline2002>{{cite journal|author=Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH |title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. [[Infectious Diseases Society of America]] |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=113–25 |year=2002 |month=July|pmid=12087516 |doi=10.1086/340949 |last3=Gwaltney}}</ref>Ukuvura hifashishijwe abtibiyotiki bigabanya ingorane zo gutuma indwara ikara. Bishobora nanone gutuma bitorohera ikwirakwira ry' indwara. Abana bashobora gusubira ku [[ishuri]] mu masaha 24 nyuma gufata antibiyotiki za mbere.<ref name=Review09/> Ibi bibazo bikaze bishobora guterwa na anjine: * Burimo umuriro ukaze<ref name=Review06/> cyangwa [[umuriro wa sikarileti]] <ref name=Uptodate/> * Indwara yica yitwa [[sindorome ya shoke tigisiki]] <ref name=Uptodate>{{Cite web|url=http:www.utdol.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=upp_resp/4610 |title=UpToDate Inc. |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, ''et al.''|title=Severe group A streptococcal infections associated n' toxic shock-like syndrome and scarlet fever toxin A|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=321 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |year=1989 |month=July |pmid=2659990 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM198907063210101|url=}}</ref> * Golomerulonefiritisi<ref name=Review05/> * Indwara yitwa [[sindorome ya PANDAS]] .<ref name=Review05>{{cite journal |author=Hahn RG, Knox LM, Forman TA |title=Evaluation of poststreptococcal illness|journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=71 |issue=10 |pages=1949–54 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15926411 |doi=|url=}}</ref> Ibi ni [ikibazo [[cyibasira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri]] butera ibibazo bikomeye [[ by'imyitwarire]]. ==Ibishobora kubaho== Anjine ishyirwa mu [[itsinda]] ryagutse ry' uburibwe bwo mu mihogo cyangwa [[gapfura]]. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 11 bafatwa n' uburwayi bwo mu mihogo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika buri mwaka.<ref name=Review09/> Inyinshi mu ndwara z' uburibwe bwo mu mihogo buterwa na virusi. Bagiteri yo mu bwoko bwa sitereputokusi beta-hemolitiki yo mu itsinda rya A itera kuva 15 kugeza kuri ku ijana by' uburwayi bwo mu mihogo mu bana. Itera kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 20 ku ijana by' uburwayi bwo mu mihogo mu bantu bakuze.<ref name=Review09/> Ubu burwayi akenshi bugaragara mu igihe cy'ibukonje kigiye kurangira no mu ntangiriro z'igihe kimeze nk'umuhindo.<ref name=Review09/> ==Inyandiko zifashishijwe== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} rlzr36z95hoyavuv0u84gk9p82juy0s 0 7496 70996 68627 2017-06-01T15:33:42Z 201.204.198.142 /* Wikipediya mu kirusiya */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Official Russian language in the World.svg|border|right|350px]] '''Kirusiya''' (''русский язык'') ni ururimi rwa [[Uburusiya|Uburugc gcg cv'gh bujnksiya]] na [[Belarusi]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''rus'''. == Alfabeti y’kirusiya == Igiswahili kigizwe n'inyuguti 33: '''А'''а, '''Б'''б, '''В'''в, '''Г'''г, '''Д'''д, '''Е'''е, '''Ё'''ё, '''Ж'''ж, '''З'''з, '''И'''и, '''Й'''й, '''К'''к, '''Л'''л, '''М'''м, '''Н'''н, '''О'''о, '''П'''п, '''Р'''р, '''С'''с, '''Т'''т, '''У'''у, '''Ф'''ф, '''Х'''х, '''Ц'''ц, '''Ч'''ч, '''Ш'''ш, '''Щ'''щ, '''ъ''', '''Ы'''ы, '''ь''', '''Э'''э, '''Ю'''ю, '''Я'''я. : inyajwi 9: а [a], е [je], ё [jo], и [i], о [o], ы [ɨ], э [e], ю [ju], я [ja]. :# indagkk. K¢ 19: б [b], в [v], г [g], ж [zh], з [z], й [j], к [k], л [l], м [m], н [n], п [p], р [r], с [s], т [t], ф [f], х [kh], ц [ts], ч [ch], ш [sh], щ [ɕ]. : ''no sound'': ъ, ь. == [[Wikipediya]] mu kirusiya == * ru.wikipedia.org [[Category:Indimi z’ikibantu]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] hnhfdh3jzhaw2obna21nbmbp5921oz2 0 7497 77025 77024 2021-08-05T06:37:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abaperezida b’Uburusiya''': # [[Boris Yeltsin]] (1991—2000) [[Dosiye:Boris_Yeltsin_1999-11-18_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Boris Yeltsin 1999-11-18 (cropped)]] # [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2021-02-27).jpg|thumb|[[Vladimir Putin]]]][[Vladimir Putin]] (2000—2008 na 2012—...) # [[Dosiye:Dmitry Medvedev govru official photo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Dmitri Medvedev]]]][[Dmitri Medvedev]] (2008—2012) [[Category:Abaperezida b’Uburusiya| ]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] ackc0ezcl1awd60vbpnnr58nn8qv8jk 10 7498 68630 2014-01-16T17:17:00Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-..." wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Igifaransa|fr]]-3''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Cet utilisateur peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-2|avancé]]''' en '''[[:Category:User fr|français]]'''. [[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User fr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> fmx8deu24dxrj4zg6fp65wrwv7faqhe 14 7499 68631 2014-01-16T17:17:21Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "[[Category:User fr]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:User fr]] ibzb2u788qzqbo56xzma7346i3p2gi0 10 7500 68632 2014-01-16T17:18:00Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-..." wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Ikinyarwanda|rw]]-2''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Nshobora kugiramo '''[[:Category:User rw-2|uruhare]] n'[[Ikinyarwanda]]''' kiringaniye. [[Category:User rw|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User rw-2|{{PAGENAME}}]] |} </div> pj9c8hrr92o6qwtadz7e9fl4ae1w0ki 14 7501 68633 2014-01-16T17:18:32Z Davykamanzi 2424 Created page with "{{Commonscat|User rw-2}} [[Category:User rw]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|User rw-2}} [[Category:User rw]] sclm7ozpra2f5emfssdpd5dytce8tks 0 7502 77718 68640 2021-08-15T15:17:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Green_Hills_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Abaturage batuye uyu murenge wa Sovu bakora umwuga w'ubuhinzi bw'icyayi]] [[Dosiye:NgororeroDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa sovu uboneka mu akarere ka Ngororero mu intara y'iburengerazuba]] ''UMURENGE WA SOVU ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'itatu igize akarere ka NGORORERO uherereye hafi y'ishyamba rya gishwati aho uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa kavumu ndetse ugahana imbibi n'umurenge wa bwira na Kageyo, umurenge wa Sovu ugizwe n'utugari 6 aritwo BIREMBO, KAGANO, KANYANA,MUSENYI,NYABIPFURA na RUTOVU'' enwv97b8inkl1o3mkf6cyulz3n72u6k 0 7518 77702 68683 2021-08-15T12:23:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gatsibo_district_map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Kiziguro uherereye mu Karere ka Gatsibo mu intara y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.]] [[Dosiye:Genocide_Memorial,_Butare_-_Flickr_-_Dave_Proffer.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa kiziguro niwo wubatsemo urwibutso rw'akarere ka Gatsibo ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize genocide muri mata1994]] Umurenge wa Kiziguro numwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka gatsibo,Iyi nkuru ni iya gravity magazine copyright 2014 qydj02w0olrt18c1y6uiez7mtm9066l 0 7536 77626 77374 2021-08-14T16:06:42Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Equator.gif|thumb|Umurango ugabanya isi mo kabiri (Equator)]] Koma y’isi ni umurongo ugabanya isi mo kabiri. Uwo murongo utuma habaho icyo twita igice cy’amajyaruguru (Northern Hemisphere) y’isi n’igice cy’amajyepfo (Southern Hemisphere) y’isi. gio8upmz8bbeqmtiu627g5c03fbf0d6 0 7538 78724 78106 2021-08-26T08:17:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MJK_09357_Mina_Fujii,_Kim_Ki-duk_and_Lee_Sung-Jae_(Human,_Space,_Time_and_Human,_Berlinale_2018).jpg|thumb|Lee Sung Jae-Ki ]] [[Dosiye:Kim_Jae-Sung.jpg|thumb|Sung Jae-Ki]] '''Sung Jae-ki''' cyangwa '''Sung Jae-gi'''(izina mu [[gikoreya]] : '''성재기''', izina mu gishinwa : '''成在基''', [[11 Nzeri]] [[1967]] - [[26 Nyakanga]] [[2013]]<ref>[http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/08/seoul-bridge-of-life-still-attracts-suicide-attempts/ Seoul ‘Bridge of Life’ Attracts More Suicide Attempts] korearealtime 2013.11.08 (English)</ref>) ni Human right activists and Civil right activists<ref>[http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English)</ref>, Liberalism Philosopher wa [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]]. muri 2008, founder ni [[Association wa Koreya Abagabo]](남성연대 男性連帶).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061606/http://weekly.donga.com/docs/magazine/weekly/2012/03/19/201203190500024/201203190500024_1.html 여성부 디도스 공격 10대 알고 보니 남성연대 前 회원] 동아일보 2012.03.19 (Koreya)</ref> muri 2013, Yari ni suicide<ref>[http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English)</ref>, Protest wa sexual discrimination wa [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of South Korea.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Korea]] == Notes == <references group="w" /> == Imiyoboro == * [http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013072913348 ''Suicide performance and journalist ethics] News Dongah'' (English) * [http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2013/07/27/0200000000AEN20130727001300320.html Police continue search for missing men's rights activist] yonhapnews 2013.07.27 (English) * [http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130729000881 Body of Sung Jae-gi found in Han River] Koreaherald 2013.07.29 (English) * [http://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2013/11/08/seoul-bridge-of-life-still-attracts-suicide-attempts/ Seoul ‘Bridge of Life’ Attracts More Suicide Attempts] korearealtime 2013.11.08 (English) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801233640/http://stream.aljazeera.com/story/201307292238-0022943 South Korean channel films suicide] (English) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082603/http://actualites.ca.msn.com/in-memoriam-2013-juin-juillet?page=50 In memoriam 2013:Sung Jae-ki] (France) * [http://marcianosmx.com/grabacion-suicidio-corea-del-sur/ Grabación de un suicidio en Corea del Sur abre el debate sobre la ética de los medios de comunicación] (Español) * [http://www.elgonzi.com/2013/08/activista-sung-jae-ki-se-suicido-frente.html Activista Sung Jae-ki se suicidó frente a las cámaras de televisión] (Español) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jae-ki, Sung}} [[Category:Koreya y’Amajyepfo]] [[Category:Abagabo]] pve637mlbs7s53e5z6gbpcgykw6ftwa 0 7544 78955 70662 2021-08-30T06:27:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Santiago de chile collage.png|thumb |250px|Santiago de Chile]] [[Dosiye:Santiago_de_Chile.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Santiago de Chili]] '''Santiago de Chile''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Shili]]. == Links == * [[commons:Category:Santiago de Chile|Commonscat:Santiago de Chile]] * [http://www.municipalidaddesantiago.cl/ Official Website of Santiago de Chile] [[Category:Santiago de Chile| ]] [[Category:Shili| ]] hejrk99n7jhn9e6lmxn9hpk9n9zybdn 0 7545 68743 2014-04-08T17:51:14Z X4v13r3 2636 Concepción (Shili) wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em; background:#f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |---- |---- bgcolor="#e3e3e3" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" |[[file:Concepcion-Chile(001).jpg|250px]] |---- |---- bgcolor="#e3e3e3" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#e3e3e3" | Concepción: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=36_46_22_S_73_03_47_W 36° 46' 22" S 73° 03' 47" W] |---- | align="center" | | align="center" | [[file:Comuna de Concepción.svg|250px]] |---- | align="center" style="background:#e3e3e3;" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" | |} [[file:Coat of arms of Concepcion, Chile.svg|70px|left]] '''Concepción''' [''kon.sepˈsjon''] ni [[umujyi]] w’u [[Shili]]. <gallery perrow=4> File:Arco de Medicina UdeC.jpg| File:Moderno Edificio en Concepción.jpg| File:Desembocadura del Biobío.jpg| File:Ex Catedral de Concepción.jpg| File:Biobus01.jpg| File:Hotel El Araucano.JPG| File:Plaza de Armas Concepción.jpg| </gallery> == Links == * http://www.concepcion.cl {{commons|Concepcion, Chile|Concepción}} [[Category:Shili| ]] oc6xao8bhe79ywvoj7knjp1i8twbbnp 0 7546 79446 78956 2021-09-27T17:06:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Valparaiso's Port and cityscape.jpg|thumb|right|273px]] [[Dosiye:Iglesia_de_las_Carmelitas,_Valparaíso.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Valparaíso]] '''Valparaíso''' ni [[umujyi]] w’u [[Shili]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Chile.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Chile]] == Links == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valpara%C3%ADso Commonscat:Valparaíso] * [http://www.municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl municipalidaddevalparaiso.cl] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150114052605/http://www.ciudaddevalparaiso.cl/ ciudaddevalparaiso.cl] [[Category:Shili| ]] 8gohdli7hkzeduipndowji8yapy3vl1 0 7547 78950 76479 2021-08-30T05:52:48Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Buenos Aires City Collage.png|thumb |250px|Buenos Aires]] '''Buenos Aires''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Arijantine]] [[Dosiye:CAFE SHEN (Argantine Sq.,Tehran,Iran) - panoramio.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Cafe Shen]] [[Dosiye:199_-_Buenos_Aires_-_Aéroport_international_Ezeiza_-_Janvier_2010.jpg|thumb|Buenos Aires ]] {{Commons|Buenos Aires}} [[Category:Arijantine]] [[Category:Imirwa]] jc8otdjk3orkce95xnr9hpf6zo2l68k 0 7548 73180 73179 2020-08-27T23:11:40Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CollageMadrid.jpg|thumb|220px|Madrid]] '''Madrid''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Esipanye]]. Ituwe n'abantu 3 165 541 birenga (2016). [[File:Skyscrapers_in_the_Plaza_de_España_square_of_Madrid_at_afternoon.jpg|thumb|Skyscrapers in the Plaza de España square of Madrid at afternoon]] [[File:17-12-14-Flughafen-Madrid-Barajas-RalfR-DSCF1008.jpg|thumb|17-12-14-Flughafen-Madrid-Barajas-RalfR-DSCF1008]] [[Category:Esipanye]] [[Category:Imirwa]] brzbzil0oia6kg5vfssk54e35il4q5s 0 7549 71231 71026 2017-11-18T19:19:39Z CommonsDelinker 88 Replacing Montevideo_Department_Coat_of_Arms.svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Montevideo_Department.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Montevideo Department.svg|thumb|left|150px|]] [[File:Montevideo collage.JPG |thumb|250px|Montevideo]] '''Montevideo''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Irigwe]]. [[Category:Irigwe]] [[Category:Imirwa]] pxliuexe4qsq4oj8xouhfgxf0mqomv8 0 7550 78994 73193 2021-08-30T10:25:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caracas''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Venezuwela]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Venezuela.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Venezuela]] [[File:Palacio_Federal_Legislativo,_Caracas,_1954_Fotografía_de_Helmut_Neumann.jpg|thumb|Palacio Federal Legislativo, Caracas, 1954 Fotografía de Helmut Neumann]] [[File:El_Paraíso_tunnel_main_gate_of_Caracas.jpg|thumb|El Paraíso tunnel main gate of Caracas]] [[Category:Venezuwela]] [[Category:Imirwa]] qro7mbdzoweu281dowr13mc8bng3yp6 0 7551 73106 70303 2020-08-15T12:28:25Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Quito''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Ekwadoro]] [[File:Quito_calle_García_Moreno.jpg|thumb|Quito calle García Moreno]] [[File:Plaza de San Francisco en Centro histórico de Quito, Ecuador.JPG|thumb|center|577px|(Plaza San Fransisco) -'''Quito''' 1534 ]] ==Guápulo, Quito== [[File:Iglesia de Guápulo y puente.jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] [[File:Guapulo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] <gallery> File:(Guápulo) Buena Vista black and white.JPG File:(Guápulo) Calle pic. z.JPG File:(Guápulo) Calle pic. e.JPG File:(Iglesia de Guápulo) vista to gonzalez suarez quito.JPG File:(Iglesia de Guápulo) pic. b.JPG File:(Guápulo) Calle pic. b.JPG File:(Guápulo) Calle pic. a.JPG </gallery> [[Category:Ekwadoro]] [[Category:Imirwa]] n3d8hnoh98p58f821gdj0058m4k4vwe 0 7555 68769 2014-04-28T11:54:06Z PiRSquared17 1263 Redirected page to [[Porutigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Porutigali]] a1zm2ul4c59syq10se3nwat8yliaap9 0 7567 77395 68801 2021-08-10T02:06:32Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Namur Belgium Bridges-over-the-Meuse-01.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|belgium]] '''Liyeji''' (izina mu kinyaholande : Luik ; izina mu gifaransa : Liège ; izina mu kiwaluni : Lîdj ; izina mu gidage : Lüttich ) n’umujyi w’Ububiligi. d4ypo1oqefr8qxfi6u1ygz74ky02wfk 0 7572 68810 2014-05-31T22:49:51Z Крушевљанин Иван 4512 Redirected page to [[Seribiya]] wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Seribiya]] 0zvinjjn3k3u3q9mh5odt4hzyig4heu 0 7576 77386 75386 2021-08-10T01:37:01Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Students on masks.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|abanyeshuri]] niba ushaka kwiga english and kinyarwanda kurikira iyi page burimunsi / if you want to learn english and kinyarwanda flow on this page. - igiyiyo kitwa gwiki English dxcsg9bihmksyo1ch9ods4ym3e5w7yq 0 7577 68822 2014-06-12T10:17:07Z CFCF 4534 Redirected page to [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] bd70cspphrx7mvti74nyuubbwav9wph 0 7578 68823 2014-06-12T10:17:10Z CFCF 4534 Redirected page to [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] bd70cspphrx7mvti74nyuubbwav9wph 0 7579 68824 2014-06-12T10:17:14Z CFCF 4534 Redirected page to [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika]] bd70cspphrx7mvti74nyuubbwav9wph 10 7580 68949 68900 2014-08-29T12:28:22Z CFCF 4534 updated with new parameters wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="toc" style="float:right;width:18em;padding:0.5em;margin:0 0 1em 1em;"> <table style="width:100%;"> <tr><th colspan="2"><big>{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}</big></th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">''Classification and external resources''</td></tr> {{#if:{{{image|}}}|<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">[[File:{{{image|}}}{{{Image|}}}|150px|center|{{{caption|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]] <small>{{{caption|}}}{{{Caption|}}}</small></td></tr>|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ICD10|}}}|<tr><td>'''ICD/CIM-10'''</td><td>{{{ICD10|}}} {{{ICD10}}}{{#if:{{{ICD10-2|}}}|{{{ICD10-2|}}} {{{ICD10-2}}}|}}</td></tr>|}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ICD9|}}}|<tr><td>'''ICD/CIM-9'''</td><td>{{{ICD9|}}} {{{ICD9}}}</td></tr>|}}<!-- 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{{NCBIBook2|{{{GeneReviewsNBK7}}}|{{{GeneReviewsName7|}}}}}}} }}--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> eitor8djm5594smx4u4fcrglkdmw1bl 0 7581 76884 76883 2021-08-03T05:56:01Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Gusinzira_byahatonahato.jpg|Gusinzira_byahatonahato.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], found elsewhere on the web and unlikely to be own work ([[: wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = Indwara y'umusinziro nyafurika <!-- EN: African trypanosomiasis--> | caption = Amasura indwara y'umusinziro igira [[Isanamu y'amaraso|ikizinga cy'amaraso]] | image = Trypanosoma sp. PHIL 613 lores.jpg | ICD10 = B56 | ICD9 = 086.5 | ICDO = | OMIM = | DiseasesDB = 29277 | DiseasesDB-2 = 13400 | MedlinePlus = 001362 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 2140 | MeSH = D014353 }} ''' Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika ''' cyangwa ''' Indwara yo guhondobera '''<ref name=WHO2013/> ni [[indwara]] [[indwara]] ifata abantu n’amatungo. Iterwa n’umugera uva mu dukoko twitwa ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]''.<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001362|Sleeping sickness}}</ref> Umuntu ashobora kwandura ubwoko bubiri bwayo, ''[[Trypanosoma brucei gambiense]]'' (T.b.g) na ''[[Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense]]'' (T.b.r.).<ref name=WHO2013/> T.b.g niyo ifata abarwayi 98 ku ijana bayandura.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite journal|author=WHO Media centre|title=Fact sheet N°259: Trypanosomiasis, Human African (sleeping sickness)|year=June 2013|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/}}</ref> Ayo moko abiri aterwa akenshi no kurumwa n’ [[isazi ya tsetse]] irwaye ikaba yiganje mu bice by’ibyaro.<ref name=WHO2013/> Mu mizo ya mbere, iyo indwara ikigaragaza bwa mbere, umurwayi ahinda umuriro, akarwara umutwe, akumva uburyaryate n’ububabare mu ngingo.<ref name=WHO2013/> Indwara yigaragaza nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu umuntu arumwe n’isazi ya tsetse.<ref name=Lancet2013/> Mu byumweru bikurikiyeho cyangwa nyuma y’amezi ibimenyetso byo ku ntera ya kabiri byigaragaza mu buryo umuntu asa n’udasobanukiwe n’uko yiyumva, ingingo ze ntabashe kuziyobora, akagira ibinya ntasinzire neza.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Lancet2013/> Mu kuyisuzuma bapima agakoko mu [[kazinga k’amaraso]] cyangwa mu mashyira ava mu ntobo.<ref name=Lancet2013/> [[amatembabuzi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo]] ni yo bapima akenshi ngo babashe gutandukanya niba indwara ikiri ku ntera ya mbere cyangwa igeze ku ntera ya kabiri.<ref name=Lancet2013/> Kwirinda ko yahinduka igikatu bisaba ko abaturage yugarije bakorerwa ibizami by’amaraso bagapimwa T.b.g.<ref name=WHO2013/> Iyi indwara ivurwa bitagoranye iyo igaragaye mu maraso hakiri kare mbere y’uko igaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko yaba yarakwirakwiriye mu mitsi.<ref name=WHO2013/> Imiti bayivuza ikiri ku ntera ya mbere ni [[pentamidine]] cyangwa [[suramin]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Ku ntera ya kabiri bitabaza [[eflornithine]] cyangwa bakungikanya [[nifurtimox]] na eflornithine iyo ari T.b.g.<ref name=Lancet2013>{{cite journal|last=Kennedy|first=PG|title=Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).|journal=Lancet neurology|date=2013 Feb|volume=12|issue=2|pages=186-94|pmid=23260189}}</ref> Naho [[melarsoprol]] yo ikoreshwa mu kuyivura ku ntera yaba igezeho iyo ari yo yose ikaba ariko by’umwihariko yitabazwa mu kuvura T.b.r iyo itangiye gutera izindi ngaruka ziremereye.<ref name=WHO2013/> Iyi ndwara yiganje cyane cyane mu turere tumwe twa [[Afurika yo mu majyepfo ya Sahara]], ikaba yugarije abaturage bakabakaba miliyoni 70 mu bihugu 36.<ref name=Sim2012>{{cite journal|author=Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, Paone M, Diarra A, Ruiz-Postigo JA, Fèvre EM, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG |title=Estimating and Mapping the Population at Risk of Sleeping Sickness |journal=PLoS Negl Trop Dis |volume=6|issue=10|pages=e1859|year=2012|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001859}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010 yahitanye abantu bagera ku 9000 umubare ukaba wari wagabanutse ugereranyije n’a bantu 34000 yahitanye muri 1990.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa kuri 30000 nibo bayanduye kuri ubu muri bo 7000 bayanduye mu mwaka wa 2012.<ref name=WHO2013/> Muri abo bayanduye abarenga 80 ku ijana ubasanga [[muri repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Ahantu hatatu h’ingezi yigeze kuba icyorezo mu mateka ya vuba ubwa mbere ni kuva mu mwaka 1896 kugeza 1906 ni muri [[Uganda]] no mu [[Kibaya cya Kongo]] ubwa kabiri ni hagati ya 1920 na 1970 mu bihugu byinshi by’ Afurika.<ref name=WHO2013/> Amatungo na yo, urugero ni nk’inka, ashobora gusanganwa iyi ndwara yarayanduye.<ref name=WHO2013/> ==References== <references /> 3zp531bkn42l36jxkwywwblmenvu5m1 828 7582 83922 68827 2022-05-19T04:25:36Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:Infobox Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local args = {} local origArgs = {} local root local empty_row_categories = {} local category_in_empty_row_pattern = '%[%[%s*[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]%s*:[^]]*]]' local has_rows = false local function fixChildBoxes(sval, tt) local function notempty( s ) return s and s:match( '%S' ) end if notempty(sval) then local marker = '<span class=special_infobox_marker>' local s = sval -- start moving templatestyles and categories inside of table rows local slast = '' while slast ~= s do slast = s s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Tt][Rr]%s*>%s*)(%[%[%s*[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]%s*:[^]]*%]%])', '%2%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Tt][Rr]%s*>%s*)(\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-templatestyles%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127)', '%2%1') end -- end moving templatestyles and categories inside of table rows s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(<%s*[Tt][Rr])', marker .. '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Tt][Rr]%s*>)', '%1' .. marker) if s:match(marker) then s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*' .. marker, '') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]|-[^\r\n]*[\r\n])%s*' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*([\r\n]|-)', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Cc][Aa][Pp][Tt][Ii][Oo][Nn]%s*>%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(<%s*[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee][^<>]*>%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^(%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '(%s*</[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee]%s*>)', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '(%s*\n|%})', '%1') end if s:match(marker) then local subcells = mw.text.split(s, marker) s = '' for k = 1, #subcells do if k == 1 then s = s .. subcells[k] .. '</' .. tt .. '></tr>' elseif k == #subcells then local rowstyle = ' style="display:none"' if notempty(subcells[k]) then rowstyle = '' end s = s .. '<tr' .. rowstyle ..'><' .. tt .. ' colspan=2>\n' .. subcells[k] elseif notempty(subcells[k]) then if (k % 2) == 0 then s = s .. subcells[k] else s = s .. '<tr><' .. tt .. ' colspan=2>\n' .. subcells[k] .. '</' .. tt .. '></tr>' end end end end -- the next two lines add a newline at the end of lists for the PHP parser -- [[Special:Diff/849054481]] -- remove when [[:phab:T191516]] is fixed or OBE s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n][%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%*#;:])', '\n%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^(%{%|)', '\n%1') return s else return sval end end -- Cleans empty tables local function cleanInfobox() root = tostring(root) if has_rows == false then root = mw.ustring.gsub(root, '<table[^<>]*>%s*</table>', '') end end -- Returns the union of the values of two tables, as a sequence. local function union(t1, t2) local vals = {} for k, v in pairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for k, v in pairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end return ret end -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix. For example, if the prefix was 'data', and -- 'data1', 'data2', and 'data5' exist, it would return {1, 2, 5}. local function getArgNums(prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match('^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -- Adds a row to the infobox, with either a header cell -- or a label/data cell combination. local function addRow(rowArgs) if rowArgs.header and rowArgs.header ~= '_BLANK_' then has_rows = true root :tag('tr') :addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) :cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle) :tag('th') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-header') :addClass(rowArgs.class) :addClass(args.headerclass) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-header :cssText(args.headerstyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.header, 'th')) if rowArgs.data then root:wikitext( '[[Category:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells]]' ) end elseif rowArgs.data and rowArgs.data:gsub( category_in_empty_row_pattern, '' ):match('^%S') then has_rows = true local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle) if rowArgs.label then row :tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :addClass('infobox-label') -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-label :cssText(args.labelstyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(rowArgs.label) :done() end local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('colspan', not rowArgs.label and '2' or nil) :addClass(not rowArgs.label and 'infobox-full-data' or 'infobox-data') :addClass(rowArgs.class) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox(-full)-data :cssText(rowArgs.datastyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, rowArgs.data or '') end end local function renderTitle() if not args.title then return end has_rows = true root :tag('caption') :addClass('infobox-title') :addClass(args.titleclass) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-title :cssText(args.titlestyle) :wikitext(args.title) end local function renderAboveRow() if not args.above then return end has_rows = true root :tag('tr') :tag('th') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-above') :addClass(args.aboveclass) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-above :cssText(args.abovestyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.above,'th')) end local function renderBelowRow() if not args.below then return end has_rows = true root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-below') :addClass(args.belowclass) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-below :cssText(args.belowstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.below,'td')) end local function addSubheaderRow(subheaderArgs) if subheaderArgs.data and subheaderArgs.data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then has_rows = true local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(subheaderArgs.rowclass) local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-subheader') :addClass(subheaderArgs.class) :cssText(subheaderArgs.datastyle) :cssText(subheaderArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(subheaderArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, subheaderArgs.data or '') end end local function renderSubheaders() if args.subheader then args.subheader1 = args.subheader end if args.subheaderrowclass then args.subheaderrowclass1 = args.subheaderrowclass end local subheadernums = getArgNums('subheader') for k, num in ipairs(subheadernums) do addSubheaderRow({ data = args['subheader' .. tostring(num)], -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-subheader datastyle = args.subheaderstyle, rowcellstyle = args['subheaderstyle' .. tostring(num)], class = args.subheaderclass, rowclass = args['subheaderrowclass' .. tostring(num)] }) end end local function addImageRow(imageArgs) if imageArgs.data and imageArgs.data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then has_rows = true local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(imageArgs.rowclass) local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-image') :addClass(imageArgs.class) :cssText(imageArgs.datastyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(imageArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, imageArgs.data or '') end end local function renderImages() if args.image then args.image1 = args.image end if args.caption then args.caption1 = args.caption end local imagenums = getArgNums('image') for k, num in ipairs(imagenums) do local caption = args['caption' .. tostring(num)] local data = mw.html.create():wikitext(args['image' .. tostring(num)]) if caption then data :tag('div') :addClass('infobox-caption') -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-caption :cssText(args.captionstyle) :wikitext(caption) end addImageRow({ data = tostring(data), -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> .infobox-image datastyle = args.imagestyle, class = args.imageclass, rowclass = args['imagerowclass' .. tostring(num)] }) end end -- When autoheaders are turned on, preprocesses the rows local function preprocessRows() if not args.autoheaders then return end local rownums = union(getArgNums('header'), getArgNums('data')) table.sort(rownums) local lastheader for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do if args['header' .. tostring(num)] then if lastheader then args['header' .. tostring(lastheader)] = nil end lastheader = num elseif args['data' .. tostring(num)] and args['data' .. tostring(num)]:gsub( category_in_empty_row_pattern, '' ):match('^%S') then local data = args['data' .. tostring(num)] if data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('%S') then lastheader = nil end end end if lastheader then args['header' .. tostring(lastheader)] = nil end end -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers, -- and renders them all in order local function renderRows() local rownums = union(getArgNums('header'), getArgNums('data')) table.sort(rownums) for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do addRow({ header = args['header' .. tostring(num)], label = args['label' .. tostring(num)], data = args['data' .. tostring(num)], datastyle = args.datastyle, class = args['class' .. tostring(num)], rowclass = args['rowclass' .. tostring(num)], -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> rowclass rowstyle = args['rowstyle' .. tostring(num)], rowcellstyle = args['rowcellstyle' .. tostring(num)] }) end end local function renderNavBar() if not args.name then return end has_rows = true root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-navbar') :wikitext(require('Module:Navbar')._navbar{ args.name, mini = 1, }) end local function renderItalicTitle() local italicTitle = args['italic title'] and mw.ustring.lower(args['italic title']) if italicTitle == '' or italicTitle == 'force' or italicTitle == 'yes' then root:wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({title = 'italic title'})) end end -- Categories in otherwise empty rows are collected in empty_row_categories. -- This function adds them to the module output. It is not affected by -- args.decat because this module should not prevent module-external categories -- from rendering. local function renderEmptyRowCategories() for _, s in ipairs(empty_row_categories) do root:wikitext(s) end end -- Render tracking categories. args.decat == turns off tracking categories. local function renderTrackingCategories() if args.decat == 'yes' then return end if args.child == 'yes' then if args.title then root:wikitext( '[[Category:Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter]]' ) end elseif #(getArgNums('data')) == 0 and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then root:wikitext('[[Category:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows]]') end end --[=[ Loads the templatestyles for the infobox. TODO: FINISH loading base templatestyles here rather than in MediaWiki:Common.css. There are 4-5000 pages with 'raw' infobox tables. See [[Mediawiki_talk:Common.css/to_do#Infobox]] and/or come help :). When we do this we should clean up the inline CSS below too. Will have to do some bizarre conversion category like with sidebar. ]=] local function loadTemplateStyles() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- See function description local base_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Infobox/styles.css' } } local templatestyles = '' if args['templatestyles'] then templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['templatestyles'] } } end local child_templatestyles = '' if args['child templatestyles'] then child_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['child templatestyles'] } } end local grandchild_templatestyles = '' if args['grandchild templatestyles'] then grandchild_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['grandchild templatestyles'] } } end return table.concat({ base_templatestyles, -- see function description templatestyles, child_templatestyles, grandchild_templatestyles }) end -- common functions between the child and non child cases local function structure_infobox_common() renderSubheaders() renderImages() preprocessRows() renderRows() renderBelowRow() renderNavBar() renderItalicTitle() renderEmptyRowCategories() renderTrackingCategories() cleanInfobox() end -- Specify the overall layout of the infobox, with special settings if the -- infobox is used as a 'child' inside another infobox. local function _infobox() if args.child ~= 'yes' then root = mw.html.create('table') root :addClass(args.subbox == 'yes' and 'infobox-subbox' or 'infobox') :addClass(args.bodyclass) -- @deprecated next; target .infobox-<name> :cssText(args.bodystyle) renderTitle() renderAboveRow() else root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(args.title) end structure_infobox_common() return loadTemplateStyles() .. root end -- If the argument exists and isn't blank, add it to the argument table. -- Blank arguments are treated as nil to match the behaviour of ParserFunctions. local function preprocessSingleArg(argName) if origArgs[argName] and origArgs[argName] ~= '' then args[argName] = origArgs[argName] end end -- Assign the parameters with the given prefixes to the args table, in order, in -- batches of the step size specified. This is to prevent references etc. from -- appearing in the wrong order. The prefixTable should be an array containing -- tables, each of which has two possible fields, a "prefix" string and a -- "depend" table. The function always parses parameters containing the "prefix" -- string, but only parses parameters in the "depend" table if the prefix -- parameter is present and non-blank. local function preprocessArgs(prefixTable, step) if type(prefixTable) ~= 'table' then error("Non-table value detected for the prefix table", 2) end if type(step) ~= 'number' then error("Invalid step value detected", 2) end -- Get arguments without a number suffix, and check for bad input. for i,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do if type(v) ~= 'table' or type(v.prefix) ~= "string" or (v.depend and type(v.depend) ~= 'table') then error('Invalid input detected to preprocessArgs prefix table', 2) end preprocessSingleArg(v.prefix) -- Only parse the depend parameter if the prefix parameter is present -- and not blank. if args[v.prefix] and v.depend then for j, dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do if type(dependValue) ~= 'string' then error('Invalid "depend" parameter value detected in preprocessArgs') end preprocessSingleArg(dependValue) end end end -- Get arguments with number suffixes. local a = 1 -- Counter variable. local moreArgumentsExist = true while moreArgumentsExist == true do moreArgumentsExist = false for i = a, a + step - 1 do for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do local prefixArgName = v.prefix .. tostring(i) if origArgs[prefixArgName] then -- Do another loop if any arguments are found, even blank ones. moreArgumentsExist = true preprocessSingleArg(prefixArgName) end -- Process the depend table if the prefix argument is present -- and not blank, or we are processing "prefix1" and "prefix" is -- present and not blank, and if the depend table is present. if v.depend and (args[prefixArgName] or (i == 1 and args[v.prefix])) then for j,dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do local dependArgName = dependValue .. tostring(i) preprocessSingleArg(dependArgName) end end end end a = a + step end end -- Parse the data parameters in the same order that the old {{infobox}} did, so -- that references etc. will display in the expected places. Parameters that -- depend on another parameter are only processed if that parameter is present, -- to avoid phantom references appearing in article reference lists. local function parseDataParameters() preprocessSingleArg('autoheaders') preprocessSingleArg('child') preprocessSingleArg('bodyclass') preprocessSingleArg('subbox') preprocessSingleArg('bodystyle') preprocessSingleArg('title') preprocessSingleArg('titleclass') preprocessSingleArg('titlestyle') preprocessSingleArg('above') preprocessSingleArg('aboveclass') preprocessSingleArg('abovestyle') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'subheader', depend = {'subheaderstyle', 'subheaderrowclass'}} }, 10) preprocessSingleArg('subheaderstyle') preprocessSingleArg('subheaderclass') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'image', depend = {'caption', 'imagerowclass'}} }, 10) preprocessSingleArg('captionstyle') preprocessSingleArg('imagestyle') preprocessSingleArg('imageclass') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'header'}, {prefix = 'data', depend = {'label'}}, {prefix = 'rowclass'}, {prefix = 'rowstyle'}, {prefix = 'rowcellstyle'}, {prefix = 'class'} }, 50) preprocessSingleArg('headerclass') preprocessSingleArg('headerstyle') preprocessSingleArg('labelstyle') preprocessSingleArg('datastyle') preprocessSingleArg('below') preprocessSingleArg('belowclass') preprocessSingleArg('belowstyle') preprocessSingleArg('name') -- different behaviour for italics if blank or absent args['italic title'] = origArgs['italic title'] preprocessSingleArg('decat') preprocessSingleArg('templatestyles') preprocessSingleArg('child templatestyles') preprocessSingleArg('grandchild templatestyles') end -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. function p.infobox(frame) if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args else origArgs = frame end parseDataParameters() return _infobox() end -- For calling via #invoke within a template function p.infoboxTemplate(frame) origArgs = {} for k,v in pairs(frame.args) do origArgs[k] = mw.text.trim(v) end parseDataParameters() return _infobox() end return p 0nrwbmsjupox6pg5hh6nvlk9r7dcw81 10 7583 74968 68875 2021-02-12T05:40:22Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:B501:D717:8FF4:EDAE Replaced content with "{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}<includeonly>{{template other|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Infobox||{{#ifeq:{{str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|7}}|Infobox|Category:Infobox templates|{{remove..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}<includeonly>{{template other|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Infobox||{{#ifeq:{{str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|7}}|Infobox|[[Category:Infobox templates|{{remove first word|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}]]}}}}|}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> f4hgwrnr11ahhwyo266vcd10dpi92pe 828 7584 83923 68829 2022-05-19T04:27:04Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:Infobox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Navbar}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Infobox/styles.css}} '''Module:Infobox''' is a [[WP:Module|module]] that implements the {{tl|Infobox}} template. Please see the template page for usage instructions. == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells}} * {{clc|Articles using infobox templates with no data rows}} * {{clc|Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia infoboxes]] [[Category:Infobox modules]] [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers‎]] }}</includeonly> 6hb3canuu0icc1nbnrio6d6zve4sfrp 828 7585 84392 68831 2022-05-19T23:00:32Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:HtmlBuilder Scribunto text/plain -- Module for building complex HTML (e.g. infoboxes, navboxes) using a fluent interface. local HtmlBuilder = {} local metatable = {} metatable.__index = function(t, key) local ret = rawget(t, key) if ret then return ret end ret = metatable[key] if type(ret) == 'function' then return function(...) return ret(t, ...) end else return ret end end metatable.__tostring = function(t) local ret = {} t._build(ret) return table.concat(ret) end metatable._build = function(t, ret) if t.tagName then table.insert(ret, '<' .. t.tagName) for i, attr in ipairs(t.attributes) do table.insert(ret, ' ' .. attr.name .. '="' .. attr.val .. '"') end if #t.styles > 0 then table.insert(ret, ' style="') for i, prop in ipairs(t.styles) do if type(prop) == 'string' then -- added with cssText() table.insert(ret, prop .. ';') else -- added with css() table.insert(ret, prop.name .. ':' .. prop.val .. ';') end end table.insert(ret, '"') end if t.selfClosing then table.insert(ret, ' /') end table.insert(ret, '>') end for i, node in ipairs(t.nodes) do if node then if type(node) == 'table' then node._build(ret) else table.insert(ret, tostring(node)) end end end if t.tagName and not t.unclosed and not t.selfClosing then table.insert(ret, '</' .. t.tagName .. '>') end end metatable.node = function(t, builder) if builder then table.insert(t.nodes, builder) end return t end metatable.wikitext = function(t, ...) local vals = {...} for i = 1, #vals do if vals[i] then table.insert(t.nodes, vals[i]) end end return t end metatable.newline = function(t) table.insert(t.nodes, '\n') return t end metatable.tag = function(t, tagName, args) args = args or {} args.parent = t local builder = HtmlBuilder.create(tagName, args) table.insert(t.nodes, builder) return builder end local function getAttr(t, name) for i, attr in ipairs(t.attributes) do if attr.name == name then return attr end end end metatable.attr = function(t, name, val) if type(val) == 'string' or type(val) == 'number' then -- if caller sets the style attribute explicitly, then replace all styles previously added with css() and cssText() if name == 'style' then t.styles = {val} return t end local attr = getAttr(t, name) if attr then attr.val = val else table.insert(t.attributes, {name = name, val = val}) end end return t end metatable.addClass = function(t, class) if class then local attr = getAttr(t, 'class') if attr then attr.val = attr.val .. ' ' .. class else t.attr('class', class) end end return t end metatable.css = function(t, name, val) if type(val) == 'string' or type(val) == 'number' then for i, prop in ipairs(t.styles) do if prop.name == name then prop.val = val return t end end table.insert(t.styles, {name = name, val = val}) end return t end metatable.cssText = function(t, css) if css then table.insert(t.styles, css) end return t end metatable.done = function(t) return t.parent or t end metatable.allDone = function(t) while t.parent do t = t.parent end return t end function HtmlBuilder.create(tagName, args) args = args or {} local builder = {} setmetatable(builder, metatable) builder.nodes = {} builder.attributes = {} builder.styles = {} builder.tagName = tagName builder.parent = args.parent builder.unclosed = args.unclosed or false builder.selfClosing = args.selfClosing or false return builder end return HtmlBuilder hvjnbap2zy5xfuts7vd4duvqftz7suf 828 7586 68832 2014-06-13T07:59:48Z CFCF 4534 [[:en:Module:InfoboxImage]] Scribunto text/plain -- Inputs: -- image - Can either be a bare filename (with or without the File:/Image: prefix) or a fully formatted image link -- size - size to display the image -- maxsize - maximum size for image -- sizedefault - default size to display the image if size param is blank -- alt - alt text for image -- title - title text for image -- border - set to yes if border -- center - set to yes, if the image has to be centered -- upright - upright image param -- suppressplaceholder - if yes then checks to see if image is a placeholder and suppresses it -- link - page to visit when clicking on image -- Outputs: -- Formatted image. -- More details available at the "Module:InfoboxImage/doc" page local i = {}; local placeholder_image = { "Blue - Replace this image female.svg", "Blue - Replace this image male.svg", "Female no free image yet.png", "Flag of None (square).svg", "Flag of None.svg", "Flag of.svg", "Green - Replace this image female.svg", "Green - Replace this image male.svg", "Image is needed female.svg", "Image is needed male.svg", "Location map of None.svg", "Male no free image yet.png", "Missing flag.png", "No flag.svg", "No free portrait.svg", "No portrait (female).svg", "No portrait (male).svg", "Red - Replace this image female.svg", "Red - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image female (blue).svg", "Replace this image female.svg", "Replace this image male (blue).svg", "Replace this image male.svg", "Silver - Replace this image female.svg", "Silver - Replace this image male.svg", "Replace this image.svg", "Cricket no pic.png", "CarersLogo.gif", "Diagram Needed.svg", "Example.jpg", "Image placeholder.png", "No male portrait.svg", "Nocover-upload.png", "NoDVDcover copy.png", "Noribbon.svg", "No portrait-BFD-test.svg", "Placeholder barnstar ribbon.png", "Project Trains no image.png", "Image-request.png", "Sin bandera.svg", "Sin escudo.svg", "Replace this image - temple.png", "Replace this image butterfly.png", "Replace this image.svg", "Replace this image1.svg", "Resolution angle.png", "Image-No portrait-text-BFD-test.svg", "Insert image here.svg", "No image available.png", "NO IMAGE YET square.png", "NO IMAGE YET.png", "No Photo Available.svg", "No Screenshot.svg", "No-image-available.jpg", "Null.png", "PictureNeeded.gif", "Place holder.jpg", "Unbenannt.JPG", "UploadACopyrightFreeImage.svg", "UploadAnImage.gif", "UploadAnImage.svg", "UploadAnImageShort.svg", } function i.IsPlaceholder(image) -- change underscores to spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "_", " "); -- if image starts with [[ then remove that and anything after | if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then image = mw.ustring.sub(image,3); image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, "([^|]*)|.*", "%1"); end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end -- Trim spaces image = mw.ustring.gsub(image, '^[ ]*(.-)[ ]*$', '%1'); -- capitalise first letter image = mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(image,2); for i,j in pairs(placeholder_image) do if image == j then return true end end return false end function i.InfoboxImage(frame) local image = frame.args["image"]; if image == "" or image == nil then return ""; end if image == "&nbsp;" then return image; end if frame.args["suppressplaceholder"] ~= "no" then if i.IsPlaceholder(image) == true then return ""; end end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5)) == "http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[[http:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,6)) == "https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,7)) == "[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image,1,8)) == "[[https:" then return ""; end if mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "[[" then -- search for thumbnail images and add to tracking cat if found if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 and (mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumb%s*[|%]]") or mw.ustring.find(image, "|%s*thumbnail%s*[|%]]")) then return image .. "[[Category:Pages using infoboxes with thumbnail images]]"; else return image; end elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,2) == "{{" and mw.ustring.sub(image,1,3) ~= "{{{" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,1) == "<" then return image; elseif mw.ustring.sub(image,1,5) == mw.ustring.char(127).."UNIQ" then -- Found strip marker at begining, so pass don't process at all return image; else local result = ""; local size = frame.args["size"]; local maxsize = frame.args["maxsize"]; local sizedefault = frame.args["sizedefault"]; local alt = frame.args["alt"]; local link = frame.args["link"]; local title = frame.args["title"]; local border = frame.args["border"]; local upright = frame.args["upright"] or ""; local thumbtime = frame.args["thumbtime"] or ""; local center= frame.args["center"]; -- remove prefix if exists local allNames = mw.site.namespaces[6].aliases allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].name allNames[#allNames + 1] = mw.site.namespaces[6].canonicalName for i, name in ipairs(allNames) do if mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(image, 1, mw.ustring.len(name) + 1)) == mw.ustring.lower(name .. ":") then image = mw.ustring.sub(image, mw.ustring.len(name) + 2); break end end if maxsize ~= "" and maxsize ~= nil then -- if no sizedefault then set to maxsize if sizedefault == "" or sizedefault == nil then sizedefault = maxsize end -- check to see if size bigger than maxsize if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then local sizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(size,"%d*")) or 0; local maxsizenumber = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(maxsize,"%d*")); if sizenumber>maxsizenumber and maxsizenumber>0 then size = maxsize; end end end -- add px to size if just a number if (tonumber(size) or 0) > 0 then size = size .. "px"; end result = "[[File:" .. image; if size ~= "" and size ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. size; elseif sizedefault ~= "" and sizedefault ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. sizedefault; else result = result .. "|frameless"; end if center == "yes" then result = result .. "|center" end if alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|alt=" .. alt; end if link ~= "" and link ~= nil then result = result .. "|link=" .. link; end if border == "yes" then result = result .. "|border"; end if upright ~= "" then result = result .. "|upright=" .. upright; end if thumbtime ~= "" then result = result .. "|thumbtime=" .. thumbtime; end if title ~= "" and title ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. title; elseif alt ~= "" and alt ~= nil then result = result .. "|" .. alt; end result = result .. "]]"; return result; end end return i; hj4p4v3knzcaxc3ovczcl7tm7l2e8gm 10 7587 68833 2014-06-13T08:00:43Z CFCF 4534 [[:en:Template:ICD10]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | H | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 0 and {{{2|}}} < 60 | ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa | {{#ifexpr: {{{2|-1}}} >= 60 | ICD-10 Chapter VIII: Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | ICD-10 Chapter H }} }} | ICD-10 Chapter {{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}]][http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/{{{1}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}} {{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|.{{{3}}}}}]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> qu6gervjpcg01kjw33s2fk73fzv2nfu 10 7588 68834 2014-06-13T08:01:17Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}} | template | other }} }} | template = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 0tcssjmltwl7y5v3f5wj2kqciaabqly 10 7589 68835 2014-06-13T08:01:52Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} | content = {{{content|}}} | docpage = {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | doc exist = {{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname fed--> | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | yes }} }}<noinclude> {{pp-template}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> evvfdz38x89xmzvm8q6m4pimyhoko4m 10 7590 83864 68836 2022-05-19T01:47:48Z BevoLJ 10818 pp not in doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Start of green doc box --><div id="template-documentation" class="template-documentation iezoomfix"><!-- Add the heading at the top of the doc box: -->{{#ifeq: {{{heading|¬}}} | <!--Defined but empty--> | <!--"heading=", do nothing--> | <div style="padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 1ex;"><span style="{{#if: {{{heading-style|}}} | {{{heading-style|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} | font-weight: bold; font-size: 125% | font-size: 150% }} }}">{{#switch: {{{heading|¬}}} | ¬ = <!--"heading" not defined in this or previous level--> {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:Template}} = [[File:Template-info.png|50px|link=|alt=Documentation icon]] {{{Documentation alt text|Template documentation}}} | {{ns:Module}} = [[File:Template-info.png|50px|link=|alt=Documentation icon]] Module documentation | {{ns:File}} = Summary | #default = Documentation }} | #default = <!--"heading" has data or is empty but defined--> {{{heading|}}} }}</span>{{ #if: {{{content|}}} | | <!--Add the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links--> <span class="mw-editsection plainlinks" id="doc_editlinks">{{ #if: {{{doc exist|yes}}} | &#91;[[{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|view]]&#93; [[{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|action=edit}} edit]] [[{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|action=history}} history]] [{{purge|purge}}] | <!--/doc doesn't exist--> [[{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}| action=edit&preload={{ #if: {{{preload|}}} | {{urlencode:{{{preload}}}}} | {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:File}} | Template:Documentation/preload-filespace | Template:Documentation/preload }} }} }} create]] }}</span> }}</div> }}<noinclude><!-- close the div --></div> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> hb2hs9vcx4jonecvzygg9ew1n7q4zom 10 7591 68837 2014-06-13T08:03:13Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "<includeonly>{{pp-meta |type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfir..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{pp-meta |type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=semi |administrator |full |sysop=indef |move=move |templateeditor=template |#default=template<!--fallback value-->}} |small={{{small|yes}}} |right={{{right|}}} |demospace={{{demospace|}}} |demolevel={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}/{{NAMESPACE}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}/{{ns:Template}}|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|sandbox|sysop|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}}} |expiry=<!--not applicable--> |dispute=no |icon-text=This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|image, included in a high-risk template or message,|high-risk {{pp-meta/pagetype}} }} is permanently {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=semi-protected from editing |move=move-protected |administrator |full |sysop |templateeditor |#default=<!--fallback value--> protected from editing}} to prevent vandalism. |reason-text=This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}} |{{ns:image}}=image, used in one or more [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk templates]]{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed= |administrator |full |sysop=<nowiki> </nowiki>and/or [[Special:Allmessages|system messages]], |templateeditor=<nowiki> </nowiki>and/or [[Special:Allmessages|system messages]], |#default=<!--fallback value-->}} |#default=[[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk {{pp-meta/pagetype}}]] }} has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=semi- |move=move- |administrator |full |sysop |templateeditor<!--uses default--> |#default=<!--fallback value-->permanently<nowiki> </nowiki>}}protected]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop||<nowiki> </nowiki>from editing}} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed= |administrator |full |sysop |templateeditor<!--uses default--> |#default={{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:image}}=<br /><small>'''Do not move this image''' to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]].</small>}}}} |categories={{{categories|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:10}}|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=[[Category:Wikipedia semi-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|sysop|[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}} |move=[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] |administrator |full |sysop |templateeditor<!--uses default--> |#default=[[Category:Wikipedia protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!--fallback value-->}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|[[Category:{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=Semi-protected |administrator |full |sysop |templateeditor<!--uses default--> |#default=Protected<!--fallback value-->}} images|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{pp-template|categories=no}} <!-- Show the small version --> {{pp-template|small=no}} <!-- Show the large version --> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 0f32k8jn0m1rwbfgys15odtk95eusit 10 7592 68838 2014-06-13T08:04:15Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |move=<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |move=<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |undefined = {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |sysop|yes|no }} |create=<!-- -->{{#if: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |undefined = {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:create}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |yes|no }} |template=<!-- -->{{#if: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |templateeditor |template = templateeditor |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |undefined = {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |yes|no }} |pc1 =<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |pc1 = autoconfirmed <!-- this is the value that the PENDINGCHANGELEVEL magic word returns for pc1 --> |undefined = {{PENDINGCHANGELEVEL}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |autoconfirmed |yes|no }} |pc2 =<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |pc2 = review <!-- this is the value that the PENDINGCHANGELEVEL magic word returns for pc2 --> |undefined = {{PENDINGCHANGELEVEL}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |review |yes|no }} |#default<!--includes all other types-->=<!-- -->{{#if: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |undefined = {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{disallowlevel|}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |#default = <!--fallback value: null-->}} |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed = autoconfirmed |administrator |full |sysop = sysop |undefined = {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |#default = <!--fallback value: null -->}} |no|yes }} |no}} }}|yes|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{small|}}}}}|yes| <div class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="protected-icon" style="display:none; right:{{#if:{{{right|}}}|{{{right}}}|55px}};">[[Image:{{{image|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full=Padlock.svg |semi=Padlock-silver.svg |template=Padlock-pink.svg |pc1=Padlock-silver-light.svg |pc2=Padlock-orange.svg |move=Padlock-olive.svg |indef=Padlock-red.svg |office=Padlock-black.svg |create=Padlock-skyblue.svg |#default=Transparent.gif }}}}}|20px|link={{{icon-link|Wikipedia:Protection policy#{{lc:{{{type}}}}}}}}|{{{icon-text|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |pc1 = All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review |pc2 = All edits by users who are not reviewers or administrators are subject to review |template = This is a permanently protected {{pp-meta/pagetype}} |#default = This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |semi=semi- |move=move- |indef=permanently<nowiki> </nowiki> |create=creation- |office=<!--null, but should this have a special tag?--> |full |#default=<!--null--> }}protected }}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>until {{#time:F j, Y|{{{expiry}}}}}{{#if:{{{icon-reason|}}}|,}}}}}}{{#if:{{{icon-reason|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>{{{icon-reason}}}}}.}}}|alt={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|template |{{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}} |10|828=Permanently protected {{pp-meta/pagetype}} |#default=Page permanently protected }} |Page {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |pc1=protected with pending changes level 1 |pc2=protected with pending changes level 2 |semi=semi-protected |move=move-protected |indef=permanently protected |create=creation-protected |office=<!--null, but should this have a special tag?--> |full |#default=protected }} }}]]</div> |<!-- else, not small --> {{mbox | name = {{{name|Pp-meta}}} | subst = {{{subst|}}} | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | type = protection | image = [[Image:{{{image|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full=Padlock.svg |semi=Padlock-silver.svg |pc1=Padlock-silver-light.svg |pc2=Padlock-orange.svg |move=Padlock-olive.svg |template=Padlock-pink.svg |indef=Padlock-red.svg |office=Padlock-black.svg |create=Padlock-skyblue.svg |#default=Transparent.gif }}}}}|40px|{{{icon-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|template |{{#switch:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}} |10|828=This is a permanently protected {{pp-meta/pagetype}} |#default=This page is permanently protected }} |This page is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |pc1=protected with pending changes level 1 |pc2=protected with pending changes level 2 |semi=semi-protected |move=move-protected |indef=permanently protected |create=creation-protected |office=protected<!--should this have a special tag?--> |full |#default=protected }} }}.}}}]] | text = '''{{{reason-text|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing |semi=Editing of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]] |pc1=All edits made to this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]] users are currently [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]] |pc2=All edits made to this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by users who are not [[Wikipedia:Reviewing|reviewers]] or [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] are currently [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]] |move=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]] |template=This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] {{pp-meta/pagetype}}, as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]] |indef=This page is [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing ''indefinitely'' |office=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]] from editing |create=[[Help:Starting a new page|Recreation]] of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} [[Help:Protection|has been disabled]] }}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|&#32;until {{#time:F j, Y|{{{expiry}}}}}{{#if:{{{reason|}}}|,}}}}}}{{{reason<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}.}}}'''<br /> {{{explanation-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{dispute}}}}}|yes|This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the {{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|move|[{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} current title]|[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} current version]}}.}} See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection policy]] and [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type={{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} | pc1 | pc2 = stable | #default = protect }}&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} | pc1 | pc2 = pending changes | #default = protection }} log] for more details. {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |full|indef=Please discuss any changes on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|top}}|talk page]]; you may {{Submit an edit request/link|display=submit a request}} to ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:8}}<!--MediaWiki-->||You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level|request]] that this page be unprotected.}} |semi=If you cannot edit this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} and you wish to make a change, you can {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}||{{submit an edit request/link|type=semi|display=request an edit}}, [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discuss changes on the talk page]],}} [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]]. |move=The page may still be edited but cannot be moved until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be unprotected. |template=Please discuss any changes on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|top}}|talk page]]; you may {{Submit an edit request/link|type=template|display=submit a request}} to ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:8}}<!--MediaWiki-->||You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that this page be unprotected.}} |office=If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and additions on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] first. '''Do not remove protection from this page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do so.''' |create=Please see the {{#if:{{{xfd|}}}|'''[[{{{xfd}}}|deletion discussion]]''' or the}} [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log] for details of why this page was deleted. If you would like to create a page at this title, you must first [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] for it to be unprotected, or contact the administrator who deleted the page for the deleted material to be restored. If unsuccessful, you can use [[Wikipedia:Deletion review|deletion review]]. }}}}} }} }}|<includeonly>[[Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]]</includeonly>}}<!--End if small--><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}|templateeditorundefined|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Module=|[[Category:Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules]]}}}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{categories|no}}}}}|no||{{{categories|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 1ypylh5y5vzr6u6uf9hys6de8bng0mj 10 7593 68839 2014-06-13T08:04:45Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation/start box | preload = {{{preload|}}} <!--Allow custom preloads--> | heading = {{{heading|¬}}} <!--Empty but defined means no header--> | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} | content = {{{content|}}} | docpage = {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | doc exist = {{#ifexist: {{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} <!--Other docname fed--> | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc }} | yes }} }}<noinclude> {{pp-template}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> evvfdz38x89xmzvm8q6m4pimyhoko4m 10 7594 68840 2014-06-13T08:05:28Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | {{ns:File}} | {{ns:MediaWiki}} | {{ns:Category}} = {{TALKSPACE}} | #default = {{SUBJECTSPACE}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | {{ns:File}} | {{ns:MediaWiki}} | {{ns:Category}} = {{TALKSPACE}} | #default = {{SUBJECTSPACE}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content= This subtemplate of {{tl|documentation}} is used to determine the namespace of the documentation page. }}</noinclude> 7f8iymss9sr4v7f4t5pza1arwjogrv3 10 7595 83857 68841 2022-05-19T01:36:05Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Tl]] to [[Inyandikorugero:Template link]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Template link]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} 8ib447vmforhckf33wl323bg8q6ojo0 10 7596 68842 2014-06-13T08:06:48Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | testcases = {{BASEPAGENAME}} | #default = {{PAGENAME}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation|content= This subtemplate of {{tl|documentation}} is..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | testcases = {{BASEPAGENAME}} | #default = {{PAGENAME}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation|content= This subtemplate of {{tl|documentation}} is used to determine the template page name. }}</noinclude> fenc3r6oe2sito28b1d8xgyo9gpq5uf 10 7597 68843 2014-06-13T08:07:33Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "[http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> inlm7lg4izfzyun1823ezel8jsddgvh 10 7598 68844 2014-06-13T08:08:14Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "[http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]<noinclude> [[Category:Medical external link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]<noinclude> [[Category:Medical external link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> brfzkmr1g66r0w8lgwedmf9dlazabw2 10 7599 68845 2014-06-13T08:08:38Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Comma separated entries|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidat..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Comma separated entries|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 9tiksq76oeq72kgnfrnkooqjb4sp70n 828 7600 68846 2014-06-13T08:10:55Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "local p = {} local function _main( args ) local sep = mw.message.new( 'comma-separator' ):plain() return table.concat( args, sep ) end function p.main( frame ) l..." Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function _main( args ) local sep = mw.message.new( 'comma-separator' ):plain() return table.concat( args, sep ) end function p.main( frame ) local origArgs if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then -- We're being called via #invoke. If the invoking template passed any arguments, -- use them. Otherwise, use the arguments that were passed into the template. origArgs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do origArgs = frame.args break end else -- We're being called from another module or from the debug console, so assume -- the arguments are passed in directly. origArgs = frame end -- Use integer args only, and allow for explicit positional arguments -- that are specified out of order, e.g. {{br separated entries|3=entry3}}. -- After processing, the args can be accessed accurately from ipairs. local args = {} for k, v in pairs( origArgs ) do if type( k ) == 'number' and k >= 1 and math.floor( k ) == k and mw.ustring.match( v, '%S' ) -- Remove blank or whitespace values. then table.insert( args, k ) end end table.sort( args ) for i,v in ipairs( args ) do args[ i ] = origArgs[ v ] -- Trim whitespace from all args. if type( args[ i ] ) == 'string' then args[ i ] = mw.text.trim( args[ i ] ) end end return _main( args ) end return p qhbty2hyf8g6cf6azovtpwhf3wpbme0 10 7601 68847 2014-06-13T08:12:08Z CFCF 4534 Redirected page to [[Template:MeSH2]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:MeSH2]] {{R from template shortcut}} l49oncobme415y00947yx0645jk2lox 10 7602 68848 2014-06-13T08:12:36Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if: {{{year|}}} | {{{year}}} | {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>CURRENTYEAR}} }}/MB_cgi?{{<inclu..." wikitext text/x-wiki [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if: {{{year|}}} | {{{year}}} | {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>CURRENTYEAR}} }}/MB_cgi?{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if: {{{name|}}} | mode=&term={{{name}}}&field=entry#Tree{{{number|}}} {{{number|{{{name}}}}}} | field=uid&term={{{1}}} {{{1}}} }}]<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 7qt2fh56fvl3hd0t5rg0iar3eyi1phm 10 7603 68849 2014-06-13T08:13:33Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9fcytsszanq7xbwi3p28zsneear9938 828 7604 68850 2014-06-13T08:14:32Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "local z = { error_categories = {}; error_ids = {}; message_tail = {}; } -- Include translation message hooks, ID and error handling configuration settings. --loca..." Scribunto text/plain local z = { error_categories = {}; error_ids = {}; message_tail = {}; } -- Include translation message hooks, ID and error handling configuration settings. --local cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox' ); -- Contains a list of all recognized parameters --local whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox' ); --local dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox').dates -- location of date validation code -- Whether variable is set or not function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end -- First set variable or nil if none function first_set(...) local list = {...}; for _, var in pairs(list) do if is_set( var ) then return var; end end end -- Whether needle is in haystack function inArray( needle, haystack ) if needle == nil then return false; end for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[ Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. Because deprecated parameters (currently |day=, |month=, |coauthor=, and |coauthors=) aren't related to each other and because these parameters may be concatenated into the variables used by |date= and |author#= (and aliases) details of which parameter caused the error message are not provided. Only one error message is emitted regarless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation. ]] function deprecated_parameter() if true ~= Page_in_deprecated_cat then -- if we haven't been here before then set a Page_in_deprecated_cat=true; -- sticky flag so that if there are more than one deprecated parameter the category is added only once -- table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add error message table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'deprecated_params', {}, true ) } ); -- add error message end end -- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. function substitute( msg, args ) -- return args and tostring( mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ) ) or msg; return args and mw.message.newRawMessage( msg, args ):plain() or msg; end --[[ Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: "'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" " 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) ]] function kern_quotes (str) local left='<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">%1</span>'; -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark local right='<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">%1</span>'; -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark if str:match ("^[\"\'][^\']") then str = string.gsub( str, "^[\"\']", left, 1 ); -- replace (captured) leading single or double quote with left-side <span> end if str:match ("[^\'][\"\']$") then str = string.gsub( str, "[\"\']$", right, 1 ); -- replace (captured) trailing single or double quote with right-side <span> end return str; end -- Wraps a string using a message_list configuration taking one argument function wrap( key, str, lower ) if not is_set( str ) then return ""; elseif inArray( key, { 'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title' } ) then str = safeforitalics( str ); end if lower == true then return substitute( cfg.messages[key]:lower(), {str} ); else return substitute( cfg.messages[key], {str} ); end end --[[ Argument wrapper. This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable. ]] function argument_wrapper( args ) local origin = {}; return setmetatable({ ORIGIN = function( self, k ) local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded. return origin[k]; end }, { __index = function ( tbl, k ) if origin[k] ~= nil then return nil; end local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k]; if type( list ) == 'table' then v, origin[k] = selectone( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' ); if origin[k] == nil then origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil end elseif list ~= nil then v, origin[k] = args[list], list; else -- maybe let through instead of raising an error? -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] ); end -- Empty strings, not nil; if v == nil then v = cfg.defaults[k] or ''; origin[k] = ''; end tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); return v; end, }); end --[[ Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist. Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: true - active, supported parameters false - deprecated, supported parameters nil - unsupported parameters ]] function validate( name ) local name = tostring( name ); local state = whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ]; -- Normal arguments if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end -- Arguments with numbers in them name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" ); -- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last# state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ]; if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then deprecated_parameter (); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end return false; -- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil end -- Formats a comment for error trapping function errorcomment( content, hidden ) return wrap( hidden and 'hidden-error' or 'visible-error', content ); end --[[ Sets an error condition and returns the appropriate error message. The actual placement of the error message in the output is the responsibility of the calling function. ]] function seterror( error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix ) local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[ error_id ]; prefix = prefix or ""; suffix = suffix or ""; if error_state == nil then error( cfg.messages['undefined_error'] ); elseif is_set( error_state.category ) then table.insert( z.error_categories, error_state.category ); end local message = substitute( error_state.message, arguments ); message = message .. " ([[" .. cfg.messages['help page link'] .. "#" .. error_state.anchor .. "|" .. cfg.messages['help page label'] .. "]])"; z.error_ids[ error_id ] = true; if inArray( error_id, { 'bare_url_missing_title', 'trans_missing_title' } ) and z.error_ids['citation_missing_title'] then return '', false; end message = table.concat({ prefix, message, suffix }); if raw == true then return message, error_state.hidden; end return errorcomment( message, error_state.hidden ); end -- Formats a wiki style external link function externallinkid(options) local url_string = options.id; if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string ); end return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[%s%s%s %s]', options.link, options.label, options.separator or "&nbsp;", options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "", mw.text.nowiki(options.id) ); end -- Formats a wiki style internal link function internallinkid(options) return mw.ustring.format( '[[%s|%s]]%s[[%s%s%s|%s]]', options.link, options.label, options.separator or "&nbsp;", options.prefix, options.id, options.suffix or "", mw.text.nowiki(options.id) ); end -- Format an external link with error checking function externallink( URL, label, source ) local error_str = ""; if not is_set( label ) then label = URL; if is_set( source ) then error_str = seterror( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap( 'parameter', source ) }, false, " " ); else error( cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"] ); end end if not checkurl( URL ) then error_str = seterror( 'bad_url', {}, false, " " ) .. error_str; end return table.concat({ "[", URL, " ", safeforurl( label ), "]", error_str }); end -- Formats a link to Amazon function amazon(id, domain) if not is_set(domain) then domain = "com" elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then domain = "co." .. domain end local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ASIN']; return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label=handler.label , prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id, encode=handler.encode, separator = handler.separator}) end --[[ Format LCCN link and do simple error checking. LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits. http://info-uri.info/registry/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=reg&identifier=info:lccn/ length = 8 then all digits length = 9 then lccn[1] is alpha length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha or both digits length = 11 then lccn[1] is alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both alpha or both digits length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both alpha ]] function lccn(id) local handler = cfg.id_handlers['LCCN']; local err_cat = ''; -- presume that LCCN is valid local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the lccn if 8 == len then if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message end elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd if nil == id:match("%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern? err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- set an error message end elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ... if nil == id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end end elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd if not (id:match("^%a%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd if not id:match("^%a%a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- no match, set an error message end else err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_lccn' ); -- wrong length, set an error message end return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end --[[ Format PMID and do simple error checking. PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued. ]] function pmid(id) local test_limit = 30000000; -- update this value as PMIDs approach local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMID']; local err_cat = ''; -- presume that PMID is valid if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message else -- PMID is only digits local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmid' ); -- set an error message end end return externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end --[[ Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |embargo= against today's date. If embargo date is in the future, returns true; otherwse, returns false because the embargo has expired or |embargo= not set in this cite. ]] function is_embargoed(embargo) if is_set(embargo) then local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good1, embargo_date, good2, todays_date; good1, embargo_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo ); good2, todays_date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'U' ); if good1 and good2 and tonumber( embargo_date ) >= tonumber( todays_date ) then --is embargo date is in the future? return true; -- still embargoed end end return false; -- embargo expired or |embargo= not set end --[[ Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles. The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article. If the embargo specifies a date in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued. ]] function pmc(id, embargo) local test_limit = 5000000; -- update this value as PMCs approach local handler = cfg.id_handlers['PMC']; local err_cat = ''; -- presume that PMC is valid local text; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMC has anything but digits err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message else -- PMC is only digits local id_num = tonumber(id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or test_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries err_cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_pmc' ); -- set an error message end end if is_embargoed(embargo) then text="[[" .. handler.link .. "|" .. handler.label .. "]]:" .. handler.separator .. id .. err_cat; --still embargoed so no external link else text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, --no embargo date, ok to link to article prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) .. err_cat; end return text; end -- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors. -- DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. -- Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code -- Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant -- This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix. If the doi name contains spaces or endashes, -- or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message. -- DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash, -- and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in doi names. function doi(id, inactive) local cat = "" local handler = cfg.id_handlers['DOI']; local text; if is_set(inactive) then local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d") or ''; -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date text = "[[" .. handler.link .. "|" .. handler.label .. "]]:" .. id; if is_set(inactive_year) then table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. inactive_year ); else table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with inactive DOIs" ); -- when inactive doesn't contain a recognizable year end inactive = " (" .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. " " .. inactive .. ")" else text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) inactive = "" end if nil == id:match("^10%.[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- doi must begin with '10.', must contain a fwd slash, must not contain spaces or endashes, and must not end with period or comma cat = ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_doi' ); end return text .. inactive .. cat end -- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors. function openlibrary(id) local code = id:sub(-1,-1) local handler = cfg.id_handlers['OL']; if ( code == "A" ) then return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label, prefix="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) elseif ( code == "M" ) then return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label, prefix="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) elseif ( code == "W" ) then return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label, prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) else return externallinkid({link=handler.link, label=handler.label, prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/OL",id=id, separator=handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) .. ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_ol' ); end end --[[ Validate and format an issn. This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four digits with a space. When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this: |issn=0819 4327 gives: [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327] -- can't have spaces in an external link This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the issn midpoint. It also validates the issn for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value. Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check issn error message. The issn is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the issn was given as a single group of 8 digits. ]] function issn(id) local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated issn; use this version for display if issn does not validate local handler = cfg.id_handlers['ISSN']; local text; local valid_issn = true; id=id:gsub( "[%s-–]", "" ); -- strip spaces, hyphens, and ndashes from the issn if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match( "^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the issn: 8 didgits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position valid_issn=false; -- wrong length or improper character else valid_issn=is_valid_isxn(id, 8); -- validate issn end if true == valid_issn then id = string.sub( id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub( id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version else id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, use the show the invalid issn with error message end text = externallinkid({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, prefix=handler.prefix,id=id,separator=handler.separator, encode=handler.encode}) if false == valid_issn then text = text .. ' ' .. seterror( 'bad_issn' ) -- add an error message if the issn is invalid end return text end --[[ This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those citations that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desireable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none). ]] function set_titletype(cite_class, title_type) if is_set(title_type) then if "none" == title_type then title_type = ""; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed end return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value end if "AV media notes" == cite_class or "DVD notes" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite AV media notes or cite DVD notes return "Media notes"; -- display AV media notes / DVD media notes annotation elseif "podcast" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite podcast return "Podcast"; -- display podcast annotation elseif "pressrelease" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite press release return "Press release"; -- display press release annotation elseif "techreport" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite techreport return "Technical report"; -- display techreport annotation elseif "thesis" == cite_class then -- if this citation is cite thesis (degree option handled after this function returns) return "Thesis"; -- display simple thesis annotation (without |degree= modification) end end --[[ Determines whether a URL string is valid At present the only check is whether the string appears to be prefixed with a URI scheme. It is not determined whether the URI scheme is valid or whether the URL is otherwise well formed. ]] function checkurl( url_str ) -- Protocol-relative or URL scheme return url_str:sub(1,2) == "//" or url_str:match( "^[^/]*:" ) ~= nil; end -- Removes irrelevant text and dashes from ISBN number -- Similar to that used for Special:BookSources function cleanisbn( isbn_str ) return isbn_str:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" ); end -- Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS. function get_coins_pages (pages) if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done while true do pattern = pages:match("%[([%w/:\.]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the url and following space(s): "[url " if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more urls pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible end pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace html entities (&ndash; etc) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &#32; and the like? return pages; end --[[ ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all isbn/issn digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in checkisbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, issbn/issn must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-isxn characters. ]] function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of bytes len = len+1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs( isxn_str ) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte( "X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X temp = temp + 10*( len - i ); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber( string.char(v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end -- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid function checkisbn( isbn_str ) if nil ~= isbn_str:match("[^%s-0-9X]") then return false; end -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X isbn_str = isbn_str:gsub( "-", "" ):gsub( " ", "" ); -- remove hyphens and spaces local len = isbn_str:len(); if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then return false; end if len == 10 then if isbn_str:match( "^%d*X?$" ) == nil then return false; end return is_valid_isxn(isbn_str, 10); else local temp = 0; if isbn_str:match( "^97[89]%d*$" ) == nil then return false; end -- isbn13 begins with 978 or 979 isbn_str = { isbn_str:byte(1, len) }; for i, v in ipairs( isbn_str ) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber( string.char(v) ); end return temp % 10 == 0; end end -- Gets the display text for a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B function removewikilink( str ) return (str:gsub( "%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l) return l:gsub( "^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"); end)); end -- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions function safeforurl( str ) if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } ); end return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', { ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['\n'] = ' ' } ); end -- Converts a hyphen to a dash function hyphentodash( str ) if not is_set(str) or str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then return str; end return str:gsub( '-', '–' ); end -- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... '' function safeforitalics( str ) --[[ Note: We can not use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references. In addition, <i> and '' tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]] if not is_set(str) then return str; else if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end -- Remove newlines as they break italics. return str:gsub( '\n', ' ' ); end end --[[ Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters. ]] function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char ) --[[ Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions. This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII. The strings in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8. ]] local str = ''; local comp = ''; local end_chr = ''; local trim; for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do if value == nil then value = ''; end if str == '' then str = value; elseif value ~= '' then if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" ); else comp = value; end if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then trim = false; end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1); -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")" if end_chr == duplicate_char then str = str:sub(1,-2); elseif end_chr == "'" then if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''"; elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then trim = true; elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then trim = true; end elseif end_chr == "]" then if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then trim = true; elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then trim = true; end elseif end_chr == " " then if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then str = str:sub(1,-3); end end if trim then if value ~= comp then local dup2 = duplicate_char; if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end value = value:gsub( "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 ) else value = value:sub( 2, -1 ); end end end str = str .. value; end end return str; end -- Attempts to convert names to initials. function reducetoinitials(first) local initials = {} for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops. end return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end -- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) function listpeople(control, people) local sep = control.sep; local namesep = control.namesep local format = control.format local maximum = control.maximum local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp; local text = {} local etal = false; if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end if maximum ~= nil and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end for i,person in ipairs(people) do if is_set(person.last) then local mask = person.mask local one local sep_one = sep; if maximum ~= nil and i > maximum then etal = true; break; elseif (mask ~= nil) then local n = tonumber(mask) if (n ~= nil) then one = string.rep("&mdash;",n) else one = mask; sep_one = " "; end else one = person.last local first = person.first if is_set(first) then if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end one = one .. namesep .. first end if is_set(person.link) then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end if is_set(person.link) and nil ~= person.link:find("//") then one = one .. " " .. seterror( 'bad_authorlink' ) end -- check for url in author link; end table.insert( text, one ) table.insert( text, sep_one ) end end local count = #text / 2; if count > 0 then if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then text[#text-2] = " & "; end text[#text] = nil; end local result = table.concat(text) -- construct list if etal then local etal_text = cfg.messages['et al']; result = result .. " " .. etal_text; end -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps if ( "scap" == format ) then result = '<span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps">' .. result .. '</span>'; end return result, count end -- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID. function anchorid( options ) return "CITEREF" .. table.concat( options ); end -- Gets name list from the input arguments function extractnames(args, list_name) local names = {}; local i = 1; local last; while true do last = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i ); if not is_set(last) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter break; end names[i] = { last = last, first = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ), link = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ), mask = selectone( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i ) }; i = i + 1; end return names; end -- Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings function extractids( args ) local id_list = {}; for k, v in pairs( cfg.id_handlers ) do v = selectone( args, v.parameters, 'redundant_parameters' ); if is_set(v) then id_list[k] = v; end end return id_list; end -- Takes a table of IDs and turns it into a table of formatted ID outputs. function buildidlist( id_list, options ) local new_list, handler = {}; function fallback(k) return { __index = function(t,i) return cfg.id_handlers[k][i] end } end; for k, v in pairs( id_list ) do -- fallback to read-only cfg handler = setmetatable( { ['id'] = v }, fallback(k) ); if handler.mode == 'external' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, externallinkid( handler ) } ); elseif handler.mode == 'internal' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, internallinkid( handler ) } ); elseif handler.mode ~= 'manual' then error( cfg.messages['unknown_ID_mode'] ); elseif k == 'DOI' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, doi( v, options.DoiBroken ) } ); elseif k == 'ASIN' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, amazon( v, options.ASINTLD ) } ); elseif k == 'LCCN' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, lccn( v ) } ); elseif k == 'OL' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, openlibrary( v ) } ); elseif k == 'PMC' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmc( v, options.Embargo ) } ); elseif k == 'PMID' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, pmid( v ) } ); elseif k == 'ISSN' then table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, issn( v ) } ); elseif k == 'ISBN' then local ISBN = internallinkid( handler ); if not checkisbn( v ) and not is_set(options.IgnoreISBN) then ISBN = ISBN .. seterror( 'bad_isbn', {}, false, " ", "" ); end table.insert( new_list, {handler.label, ISBN } ); else error( cfg.messages['unknown_manual_ID'] ); end end function comp( a, b ) -- used in following table.sort() return a[1] < b[1]; end table.sort( new_list, comp ); for k, v in ipairs( new_list ) do new_list[k] = v[2]; end return new_list; end -- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider -- Generates an error if more than one match is present. function selectone( args, possible, error_condition, index ) local value = nil; local selected = ''; local error_list = {}; if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end -- Handle special case of "#" replaced by empty string if index == '1' then for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do v = v:gsub( "#", "" ); if is_set(args[v]) then if value ~= nil and selected ~= v then table.insert( error_list, v ); else value = args[v]; selected = v; end end end end for _, v in ipairs( possible ) do if index ~= nil then v = v:gsub( "#", index ); end if is_set(args[v]) then if value ~= nil and selected ~= v then table.insert( error_list, v ); else value = args[v]; selected = v; end end end if #error_list > 0 then local error_str = ""; for _, k in ipairs( error_list ) do if error_str ~= "" then error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-separator'] end error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', k ); end if #error_list > 1 then error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-final-separator']; else error_str = error_str .. cfg.messages['parameter-pair-separator']; end error_str = error_str .. wrap( 'parameter', selected ); table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( error_condition, {error_str}, true ) } ); end return value, selected; end -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse -- the citation information. function COinS(data) if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then return ''; end local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004"; -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values. local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, { __newindex = function(self, key, value) if is_set(value) then rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( removewikilink( value ) ) } ); end end }); if is_set(data.Chapter) then OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"; OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"; OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Chapter; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title; elseif is_set(data.Periodical) then OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"; OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article"; OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title; else OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"; OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "book" OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title; end OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace; OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date; OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series; OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume; OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue; OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition; OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName; for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do local id, value = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS; if k == 'ISBN' then value = cleanisbn( v ); else value = v; end if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v }; else OCinSoutput[ id ] = value; end end local last, first; for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do last, first = v.last, v.first; if k == 1 then if is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last; end if is_set(first) then OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first; end end if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first }; elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; end end OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL; OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", mw.site.server:match( "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage }; OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil ); -- sort with version string always first, and combine. table.sort( OCinSoutput ); table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver ); -- such as "Z39.88-2004" return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&"); end --[[ This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting. ]] function citation0( config, args) --[[ Load Input Parameters The argment_wrapper facillitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. ]] local A = argument_wrapper( args ); local i local PPrefix = A['PPrefix'] local PPPrefix = A['PPPrefix'] if is_set( A['NoPP'] ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments. Different citation templates -- define different field names for the same underlying things. local Authors = A['Authors']; local a = extractnames( args, 'AuthorList' ); local Coauthors = A['Coauthors']; local Others = A['Others']; local Editors = A['Editors']; local e = extractnames( args, 'EditorList' ); local Year = A['Year']; local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; local OrigYear = A['OrigYear']; local Date = A['Date']; local LayDate = A['LayDate']; ------------------------------------------------- Get title data local Title = A['Title']; local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; local Conference = A['Conference']; local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; local TitleLink = A['TitleLink']; local Chapter = A['Chapter']; local ChapterLink = A['ChapterLink']; local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; local TitleType = A['TitleType']; local Degree = A['Degree']; local Docket = A['Docket']; local ArchiveURL = A['ArchiveURL']; local URL = A['URL'] local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL'); local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL'); local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL'); local Periodical = A['Periodical']; local Series = A['Series']; local Volume = A['Volume']; local Issue = A['Issue']; local Position = ''; local Page = A['Page']; local Pages = hyphentodash( A['Pages'] ); local At = A['At']; local Edition = A['Edition']; local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace'] local Place = A['Place']; local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired']; local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired']; local Via = A['Via']; local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; local ArchiveDate = A['ArchiveDate']; local Agency = A['Agency']; local DeadURL = A['DeadURL'] local Language = A['Language']; local Format = A['Format']; local Ref = A['Ref']; local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; local ID = A['ID']; local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD']; local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN']; local Embargo = A['Embargo']; local ID_list = extractids( args ); local Quote = A['Quote']; local PostScript = A['PostScript']; local LayURL = A['LayURL']; local LaySource = A['LaySource']; local Transcript = A['Transcript']; local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL'); local sepc = A['Separator']; local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp']; local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking']; --these are used by cite interview local Callsign = A['Callsign']; local City = A['City']; local Cointerviewers = A['Cointerviewers']; -- deprecated local Interviewer = A['Interviewer']; -- deprecated local Program = A['Program']; --local variables that are not cs1 parameters local page_type; -- is this needed? Doesn't appear to be used anywhere; local use_lowercase = ( sepc ~= '.' ); local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); --Also used for COinS and for language local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier local COinS_date; -- used in the COinS metadata -- Set postscript default. if not is_set (PostScript) then -- if |postscript= has not been set (Postscript is nil which is the default for {{citation}}) and if (config.CitationClass ~= "citation") then -- this template is not a citation template PostScript = '.'; -- must be a cite xxx template so set postscript to default (period) end else if PostScript:lower() == 'none' then -- if |postscript=none then PostScript = ''; -- no postscript end end --check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories. if not is_set(no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page for k, v in pairs( cfg.uncategorized_namespaces ) do -- otherwise, spin through the list of namespaces we don't include in error categories if this_page.nsText == v then -- if we find one no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_trackin_cats break; -- and we're done end end end -- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. if is_set(Page) then if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then Page = Page .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages'); -- add error message Pages = ''; -- unset the others At = ''; end elseif is_set(Pages) then if is_set(At) then Pages = Pages .. " " .. seterror('extra_pages'); -- add error messages At = ''; -- unset end end -- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then PublicationPlace = Place; -- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place end if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end -- don't need both if they are the same --[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: |encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title |encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title |encyclopedia then map |encyclopedia to |title |trans_title maps to |trans_chapter when |title is re-mapped All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified ]] if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then if is_set(Periodical) then -- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set if is_set(Title) then if not is_set(Chapter) then Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = Periodical; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset TransTitle = ''; -- redundant so unset end else -- |title not set Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset end end end --special cases for citation. if (config.CitationClass == "citation") then -- for citation templates if not is_set (Ref) then -- if |ref= is not set Ref = "harv"; -- set default |ref=harv end if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= is not set sepc = ','; -- set citation separator to its default (comma) end else -- not a citation template if not is_set (sepc) then -- if |separator= has not been set sepc = '.'; -- set cite xxx separator to its default (period) end end -- check for specital case where |separator=none if 'none' == sepc:lower() then -- if |separator=none sepc = ''; -- then set it to a empty string end -- Special case for cite techreport. if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport if is_set(Issue) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations aliase to 'issue' if not is_set(ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"? ID = Issue; -- yes, use it Issue = ""; -- unset Issue so that "number" isn't duplicated in the rendered citation or COinS metadata else -- can't use ID so emit error message ID = ID .. " " .. seterror('redundant_parameters', '<code>&#124;id=</code> and <code>&#124;number=</code>'); end end end -- special case for cite interview if (config.CitationClass == "interview") then if is_set(Program) then ID = ' ' .. Program; end if is_set(Callsign) then if is_set(ID) then ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. Callsign; else ID = ' ' .. Callsign; end end if is_set(City) then if is_set(ID) then ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. City; else ID = ' ' .. City; end end if is_set(Interviewer) then if is_set(TitleType) then Others = ' ' .. TitleType .. ' with ' .. Interviewer; TitleType = ''; else Others = ' ' .. 'Interview with ' .. Interviewer; end if is_set(Cointerviewers) then Others = Others .. sepc .. ' ' .. Cointerviewers; end else Others = '(Interview)'; end end --Account for the oddity that is {{cite journal}} with |pmc= set and |url= not set if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then if not is_embargoed(Embargo) then URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC']; -- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= end end -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data. --TODO: if this is only for {{cite conference}}, shouldn't we be checking? (if config.CitationClass=='conference' then ...) if is_set(BookTitle) then Chapter = Title; ChapterLink = TitleLink; TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = BookTitle; TitleLink = ''; TransTitle = ''; end -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data. --[[ -- {{cite episode}} is not currently supported by this module if config.CitationClass == "episode" then local AirDate = A['AirDate']; local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink']; local Season = A['Season']; local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber']; local Network = A['Network']; local Station = A['Station']; local s, n = {}, {}; local Sep = (first_set(A["SeriesSeparator"], A["Separator"]) or "") .. " "; if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["episode"] .. " " .. Issue); Issue = ''; end if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["season"] .. " " .. Season); end if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, cfg.messages["series"] .. " " .. SeriesNumber); end if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end Date = Date or AirDate; Chapter = Title; ChapterLink = TitleLink; TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = Series; TitleLink = SeriesLink; TransTitle = ''; Series = table.concat(s, Sep); ID = table.concat(n, Sep); end -- end of {{cite episode}} stuff]] -- legacy: promote concatenation of |day=, |month=, and |year= to Date if Date not set; or, promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. if not is_set(Date) then Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF if is_set(Date) then local Month = A['Month']; if is_set(Month) then Date = Month .. " " .. Date; local Day = A['Day'] if is_set(Day) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end end elseif is_set(PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set Date = PublicationDate; -- promonte PublicationDate to Date PublicationDate = ''; -- unset, no longer needed end end if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation --[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata. Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message = dates({['accessdate']=AccessDate, ['airdate']=AirDate, ['archivedate']=ArchiveDate, ['date']=Date, ['doi_brokendate']=DoiBroken, ['embargo']=Embargo, ['laydate']=LayDate, ['publicationdate']=PublicationDate, ['year']=Year}); if is_set(error_message) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } ); -- add this error message end -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use. We can use that fact. -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for -- automated parsing of citation information. local OCinSoutput = COinS{ ['Periodical'] = Periodical, ['Chapter'] = Chapter, ['Title'] = Title, ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, ['Date'] = first_set(COinS_date, Date), -- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid; any reason to keep Date here? Should we be including invalid dates in metadata? ['Series'] = Series, ['Volume'] = Volume, ['Issue'] = Issue, ['Pages'] = get_coins_pages (first_set(Page, Pages, At)), -- pages stripped of external links ['Edition'] = Edition, ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName, ['URL'] = first_set( URL, ChapterURL ), ['Authors'] = a, ['ID_list'] = ID_list, ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, }; if is_set(Periodical) and not is_set(Chapter) and is_set(Title) then Chapter = Title; ChapterLink = TitleLink; TransChapter = TransTitle; Title = ''; TitleLink = ''; TransTitle = ''; end -- Now perform various field substitutions. -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. if not is_set(Authors) then local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayAuthors'] ); -- Preserve old-style implicit et al. if not is_set(Maximum) and #a == 9 then Maximum = 8; table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_author', {}, true ) } ); elseif not is_set(Maximum) then Maximum = #a + 1; end local control = { sep = A["AuthorSeparator"] .. " ", namesep = (first_set(A["AuthorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ", format = A["AuthorFormat"], maximum = Maximum, lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp }; -- If the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting. if is_set(Coauthors) then control.lastauthoramp = nil; control.maximum = #a + 1; end Authors = listpeople(control, a) end if not is_set(Authors) and is_set(Coauthors) then -- coauthors aren't displayed if one of authors=, authorn=, or lastn= isn't specified table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('coauthors_missing_author', {}, true) } ); -- emit error message end local EditorCount if not is_set(Editors) then local Maximum = tonumber( A['DisplayEditors'] ); -- Preserve old-style implicit et al. if not is_set(Maximum) and #e == 4 then Maximum = 3; table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror('implict_etal_editor', {}, true) } ); elseif not is_set(Maximum) then Maximum = #e + 1; end local control = { sep = A["EditorSeparator"] .. " ", namesep = (first_set(A["EditorNameSeparator"], A["NameSeparator"]) or "") .. " ", format = A['EditorFormat'], maximum = Maximum, lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp }; Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e); else EditorCount = 1; end local Cartography = ""; local Scale = ""; if config.CitationClass == "map" then if not is_set( Authors ) and is_set( PublisherName ) then Authors = PublisherName; PublisherName = ""; end Cartography = A['Cartography']; if is_set( Cartography ) then Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase ); end Scale = A['Scale']; if is_set( Scale ) then Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; end end if not is_set(URL) and not is_set(ChapterURL) and not is_set(ArchiveURL) and not is_set(ConferenceURL) and not is_set(TranscriptURL) then -- Test if cite web or cite podcast |url= is missing or empty if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","podcast"}) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } ); end -- Test if accessdate is given without giving a URL if is_set(AccessDate) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } ); AccessDate = ''; end -- Test if format is given without giving a URL if is_set(Format) then Format = Format .. seterror( 'format_missing_url' ); end end -- Test if citation has no title if not is_set(Chapter) and not is_set(Title) and not is_set(Periodical) and not is_set(Conference) and not is_set(TransTitle) and not is_set(TransChapter) then table.insert( z.message_tail, { seterror( 'citation_missing_title', {}, true ) } ); end Format = is_set(Format) and " (" .. Format .. ")" or ""; local OriginalURL = URL DeadURL = DeadURL:lower(); if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then URL = ArchiveURL URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') end end -- Format chapter / article title if is_set(Chapter) and is_set(ChapterLink) then Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]"; end if is_set(Periodical) and is_set(Title) then Chapter = wrap( 'italic-title', Chapter ); TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransChapter ); else Chapter = kern_quotes (Chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks Chapter = wrap( 'quoted-title', Chapter ); TransChapter = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransChapter ); end local TransError = "" if is_set(TransChapter) then if not is_set(Chapter) then TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_chapter' ); else TransChapter = " " .. TransChapter; end end Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter; if is_set(Chapter) then if not is_set(ChapterLink) then if is_set(ChapterURL) then Chapter = externallink( ChapterURL, Chapter ) .. TransError; if not is_set(URL) then Chapter = Chapter .. Format; Format = ""; end elseif is_set(URL) then Chapter = externallink( URL, Chapter ) .. TransError .. Format; URL = ""; Format = ""; else Chapter = Chapter .. TransError; end elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then Chapter = Chapter .. " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. TransError; else Chapter = Chapter .. TransError; end Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space elseif is_set(ChapterURL) then Chapter = " " .. externallink( ChapterURL, nil, ChapterURLorigin ) .. sepc .. " "; end -- Format main title. if is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(Title) then Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]" end if is_set(Periodical) then Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title ); TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); elseif inArray(config.CitationClass, {"web","news","pressrelease","conference","podcast"}) and not is_set(Chapter) then Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks Title = wrap( 'quoted-title', Title ); TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); else Title = wrap( 'italic-title', Title ); TransTitle = wrap( 'trans-italic-title', TransTitle ); end TransError = ""; if is_set(TransTitle) then if not is_set(Title) then TransError = " " .. seterror( 'trans_missing_title' ); else TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; end end Title = Title .. TransTitle; if is_set(Title) then if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then Title = externallink( URL, Title ) .. TransError .. Format URL = ""; Format = ""; else Title = Title .. TransError; end end if is_set(Place) then Place = " " .. wrap( 'written', Place, use_lowercase ) .. sepc .. " "; end if is_set(Conference) then if is_set(ConferenceURL) then Conference = externallink( ConferenceURL, Conference ); end Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then Conference = sepc .. " " .. externallink( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin ); end if not is_set(Position) then local Minutes = A['Minutes']; if is_set(Minutes) then Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes']; else local Time = A['Time']; if is_set(Time) then local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] if not is_set(TimeCaption) then TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event']; if sepc ~= '.' then TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower(); end end Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; end end else Position = " " .. Position; At = ''; end if not is_set(Page) then if is_set(Pages) then if is_set(Periodical) and not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then Pages = ": " .. Pages; elseif tonumber(Pages) ~= nil then Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages; else Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages; end end else if is_set(Periodical) and not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","book","news","podcast"}) then Page = ": " .. Page; else Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page; end end At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; if config.CitationClass == 'map' then local Section = A['Section']; local Inset = A['Inset']; if first_set( Pages, Page, At ) ~= nil or sepc ~= '.' then if is_set( Section ) then Section = ", " .. wrap( 'section', Section, true ); end if is_set( Inset ) then Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true ); end else if is_set( Section ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'section', Section, use_lowercase ); if is_set( Inset ) then Inset = ", " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, true ); end elseif is_set( Inset ) then Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'inset', Inset, use_lowercase ); end end At = At .. Section .. Inset; end --[[Look in the list of iso639-1 language codes to see if the value provided in the language parameter matches one of them. If a match is found, use that value; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter. Categories are assigned in a manner similar to the {{xx icon}} templates - categorizes only mainspace citations and only when the language code is not 'en' (English). ]] if is_set (Language) then -- local name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( Language:lower(), "en" ); -- experiment: this seems to return correct ISO 639-1 language names local name = cfg.iso639_1[Language:lower()]; -- get the language name if Language parameter has a valid iso 639-1 code if nil == name then Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', Language ); -- no match, use parameter's value else if 0 == this_page.namespace and 'en' ~= Language:lower() then --found a match; is this page main / article space and English not the language? Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name .. '[[Category:Articles with ' .. name .. '-language external links]]' ); -- in main space and not English: categorize else Language=" " .. wrap( 'language', name ); --not in mainspace or language is English so don't categorize end end else Language=""; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; end Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; -- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"AV media notes", "DVD notes", "podcast", "pressrelease", "techreport", "thesis"}) then TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis TitleType = Degree .. " thesis"; end end if is_set(TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")"; -- display it in parentheses end TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; Edition = is_set(Edition) and (" " .. wrap( 'edition', Edition )) or ""; Issue = is_set(Issue) and (" (" .. Issue .. ")") or ""; Series = is_set(Series) and (sepc .. " " .. Series) or ""; OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (" [" .. OrigYear .. "]") or ""; Agency = is_set(Agency) and (sepc .. " " .. Agency) or ""; if is_set(Volume) then if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 ) then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume; else Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>"; end end --[[ This code commented out while discussion continues until after week of 2014-03-23 live module update; if is_set(Volume) then if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 ) then Volume = sepc .. " " .. Volume; else Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>"; if is_set(Series) then Volume = sepc .. Volume; end end end ]] ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data --[[ Loosely mimic {{subscription required}} template; Via parameter identifies a delivery source that is not the publisher; these sources often, but not always, exist behind a registration or paywall. So here, we've chosen to decouple via from subscription (via has never been part of the registration required template). Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not. If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition. ]] if is_set(Via) then Via = " " .. wrap( 'via', Via ); end if is_set(SubscriptionRequired) then SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['subscription']; --here when 'via' parameter not used but 'subscription' is elseif is_set(RegistrationRequired) then SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['registration']; --here when 'via' and 'subscription' parameters not used but 'registration' is end if is_set(AccessDate) then local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved'] if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">' .. sepc .. substitute( retrv_text, {AccessDate} ) .. '</span>' end if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc .." ".. ID; end if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then ID = sepc .." Docket ".. Docket .. ID; end ID_list = buildidlist( ID_list, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo} ); if is_set(URL) then URL = " " .. externallink( URL, nil, URLorigin ); end if is_set(Quote) then if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2); end Quote = sepc .." " .. wrap( 'quoted-text', Quote ); PostScript = ""; -- CS1 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set end local Archived if is_set(ArchiveURL) then if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then ArchiveDate = seterror('archive_missing_date'); end if "no" == DeadURL then local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-not-dead'], { externallink( ArchiveURL, arch_text ), ArchiveDate } ); if not is_set(OriginalURL) then Archived = Archived .. " " .. seterror('archive_missing_url'); end elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text, { externallink( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'] ), ArchiveDate } ); else local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing']; if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text, { seterror('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } ); end else Archived = "" end local Lay if is_set(LayURL) then if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end if is_set(LaySource) then LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''"; else LaySource = ""; end if sepc == '.' then Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'] ) .. LaySource .. LayDate else Lay = sepc .. " " .. externallink( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower() ) .. LaySource .. LayDate end else Lay = ""; end if is_set(Transcript) then if is_set(TranscriptURL) then Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, Transcript ); end elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then Transcript = externallink( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin ); end local Publisher; if is_set(Periodical) and not inArray(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","pressrelease","podcast"}) then if is_set(PublisherName) then if is_set(PublicationPlace) then Publisher = PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName; else Publisher = PublisherName; end elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then Publisher= PublicationPlace; else Publisher = ""; end if is_set(PublicationDate) then if is_set(Publisher) then Publisher = Publisher .. ", " .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate ); else Publisher = PublicationDate; end end if is_set(Publisher) then Publisher = " (" .. Publisher .. ")"; end else if is_set(PublicationDate) then PublicationDate = " (" .. wrap( 'published', PublicationDate ) .. ")"; end if is_set(PublisherName) then if is_set(PublicationPlace) then Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; end elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = PublicationDate; end end -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. if is_set(Periodical) then if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical ) else Periodical = wrap( 'italic-title', Periodical ) end end --[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech. This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only TitleNote = " (Speech)"; -- annotate the citation if is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter if is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering end end end -- Piece all bits together at last. Here, all should be non-nil. -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over. local tcommon if inArray(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue}, sepc ); else tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Scale, Series, Language, Volume, Issue, Others, Cartography, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); end if #ID_list > 0 then ID_list = safejoin( { sepc .. " ", table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); else ID_list = ID; end local idcommon = safejoin( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc ); local text; local pgtext = Position .. Page .. Pages .. At; if is_set(Authors) then if is_set(Coauthors) then Authors = Authors .. A['AuthorSeparator'] .. " " .. Coauthors end if is_set(Date) then Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " " elseif string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc then Authors = Authors .. " " else Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " " end if is_set(Editors) then local in_text = " "; local post_text = ""; if is_set(Chapter) then in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. " " else if EditorCount <= 1 then post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editor']; else post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editors']; end end if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end Editors = in_text .. Editors .. post_text; if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc) then Editors = Editors .. " " else Editors = Editors .. sepc .. " " end end text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon }, sepc ); text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); elseif is_set(Editors) then if is_set(Date) then if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editor']; else Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editors']; end Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " " else if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " else Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " end end text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc ); text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); else if is_set(Date) then if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc ) then Date = sepc .." " .. Date .. OrigYear else Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear end end if config.CitationClass=="journal" and is_set(Periodical) then text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc ); text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); else text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date}, sepc ); text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); end end if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc ); --Deals with italics, spaces, etc. text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1); -- text = text:sub(1,-2); --Remove final separator (assumes that sepc is only one character) end text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc ); -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element local options = {}; if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass; else options.class = "citation"; end if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then local id = Ref if ( "harv" == Ref ) then local names = {} --table of last names & year if #a > 0 then for i,v in ipairs(a) do names[i] = v.last if i == 4 then break end end elseif #e > 0 then for i,v in ipairs(e) do names[i] = v.last if i == 4 then break end end end names[ #names + 1 ] = first_set(Year, anchor_year); -- Year first for legacy citations id = anchorid(names) end options.id = id; end if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>.-</span>", ""):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then z.error_categories = {}; text = seterror('empty_citation'); z.message_tail = {}; end if is_set(options.id) then text = '<span id="' .. mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id) ..'" class="' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '">' .. text .. "</span>"; else text = '<span class="' .. mw.text.nowiki(options.class) .. '">' .. text .. "</span>"; end local empty_span = '<span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span>'; -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients. local OCinS = '<span title="' .. OCinSoutput .. '" class="Z3988">' .. empty_span .. '</span>'; text = text .. OCinS; if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then text = text .. " "; for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do if is_set(v[1]) then if i == #z.message_tail then text = text .. errorcomment( v[1], v[2] ); else text = text .. errorcomment( v[1] .. "; ", v[2] ); end end end end no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower(); if inArray(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n"}) then for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do text = text .. '[[Category:' .. v ..']]'; end end return text end -- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text. function z.citation(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() if nil ~= string.find( frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true ) then -- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version? cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox' ); -- load sandbox versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ... whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox' ); dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox').dates -- ... sandbox version of date validation code else -- otherwise cfg = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' ); -- load live versions of Configuration and Whitelist and ... whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' ); dates = require('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation').dates -- ... live version of date validation code end local args = {}; local suggestions = {}; local error_text, error_state; local config = {}; for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do config[k] = v; args[k] = v; end for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do if v ~= '' then if not validate( k ) then error_text = ""; if type( k ) ~= 'string' then -- Exclude empty numbered parameters if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then error_text, error_state = seterror( 'text_ignored', {v}, true ); end elseif validate( k:lower() ) then error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true ); else if #suggestions == 0 then suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' ); end if suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true ); else error_text, error_state = seterror( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true ); end end if error_text ~= '' then table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} ); end end args[k] = v; elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then args[k] = v; end end return citation0( config, args) end return z lo6xwe0knz7xynvby9rsvvyhw76rrl2 828 7605 68851 2014-06-13T08:15:33Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "citation_config = {}; --[[ List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default Note: Namespace names s..." Scribunto text/plain citation_config = {}; --[[ List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces. ]] citation_config.uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' }; --[[ Translation table The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation. This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this module. ]] citation_config.messages = { ['published'] = 'published $1', ['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary', ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1', ['inactive'] = 'inactive', ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2', ['archived-not-dead'] = '$1 from the original on $2', ['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2', ['archived'] = 'Archived', ['original'] = 'the original', ['editor'] = 'ed.', ['editors'] = 'eds.', ['edition'] = '($1 ed.)', ['episode'] = 'episode', ['season'] = 'season', ['series'] = 'series', ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1', ['section'] = 'Section $1', ['inset'] = '$1 inset', ['written'] = 'Written at $1', ['in'] = 'In', ['et al'] = 'et al.', ['subscription'] = '<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required (<span title="Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require a paid subscription." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>' .. '[[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]]', ['registration']='<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(registration required (<span title="Sources are not required to be available online. Online sources do not have to be freely available. The site may require registration." style="border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help">help</span>))</span>' .. '[[Category:Pages with login required references or sources]]', ['language'] = '(in $1)', ['via'] = " &ndash; via $1", ['event'] = 'Event occurs at', ['minutes'] = 'minutes in', ['quoted-title'] = '"$1"', ['italic-title'] = "''$1''", ['trans-quoted-title'] = "&#91;$1&#93;", ['trans-italic-title'] = "&#91;''$1''&#93;", ['quoted-text'] = '"$1"', ['parameter'] = '<code>&#124;$1=</code>', ['parameter-separator'] = ', ', ['parameter-final-separator'] = ', and ', ['parameter-pair-separator'] = ' and ', -- Error output ['hidden-error'] = '<span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['visible-error'] = '<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">$1</span>', -- Determines the location of the help page ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors', ['help page label'] = 'help', -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad) ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition', ['unknown_manual_ID'] = 'Unrecognized manual ID mode', ['unknown_ID_mode'] = 'Unrecognized ID mode', ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable', ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare url found but origin indicator is nil or empty', } -- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters citation_config.aliases = { ['AccessDate'] = 'accessdate', ['Agency'] = 'agency', ['AirDate'] = 'airdate', ['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate' }, ['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl' }, ['ASINTLD'] = {'ASIN-TLD', 'asin-tld'}, ['At'] = 'at', ['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'host'}, ['AuthorFormat'] = {"author-format", "authorformat" }, ['AuthorSeparator'] = 'author-separator', ['AuthorNameSeparator'] = 'author-name-separator', ['BookTitle'] = 'booktitle', ['Callsign'] = 'callsign', -- cite interview ['Cartography'] = 'cartography', ['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section', 'notestitle'}, -- notestitle is deprecated used by old cite AV media notes; remove after 1 October 2014; ['ChapterLink'] = 'chapterlink', ['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'chapterurl', 'contribution-url', 'contributionurl', 'sectionurl' }, ['City'] = 'city', -- cite interview ['Coauthors'] = {'coauthors', 'coauthor' }, ['Cointerviewers'] = 'cointerviewers', -- cite interview ['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event' }, ['ConferenceURL'] = {'conference-url', 'conferenceurl', 'eventurl' }, ['Date'] = 'date', ['Day'] = 'day', ['DeadURL'] = 'deadurl', ['Degree'] = 'degree', ['DisplayAuthors'] = {"display-authors", "displayauthors"}, ['DisplayEditors'] = {"display-editors", "displayeditors"}, ['Docket'] = 'docket', ['DoiBroken'] = {'doi_inactivedate', 'doi_brokendate', 'DoiBroken'}, ['Edition'] = 'edition', ['Editors'] = 'editors', ['EditorFormat'] = {"editor-format", "editorformat" }, ['EditorSeparator'] = 'editor-separator', ['EditorNameSeparator'] = 'editor-name-separator', ['Embargo'] = {'Embargo', 'embargo'}, ['Format'] = 'format', ['ID'] = {'id', 'ID', 'publisherid'}, -- publisherid is deprecated; used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes; remove after 1 October 2014; ['IgnoreISBN'] = {'ignore-isbn-error', 'ignoreisbnerror'}, ['Inset'] = 'inset', ['Interviewer'] = 'interviewer', -- cite interview ['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'}, ['Language'] = {'language', 'in'}, ['LastAuthorAmp'] = 'lastauthoramp', ['LayDate'] = 'laydate', ['LaySource'] = 'laysource', ['LayURL'] = {'layurl', 'laysummary'}, ['Minutes'] = 'minutes', ['Month'] = 'month', ['NameSeparator'] = 'name-separator', ['Network'] = 'network', ['NoPP'] = 'nopp', ['NoTracking'] = {"template doc demo", 'nocat', 'notracking', "no-tracking"}, ['OrigYear'] = {'origyear', 'titleyear'}, -- titleyear is deprecated; used in old cite DVD notes; remove after 1 October 2014 ['Others'] = {'others', 'artist', 'director'}, -- artist and director are deprecated; used in old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD notes; remove after 1 October 2014 ['Page'] = {'p', 'page'}, ['Pages'] = {'pp', 'pages'}, ['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'newspaper', 'magazine', 'work', 'website', 'periodical', 'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'}, ['Place'] = {'place', 'location'}, ['PPrefix'] = 'PPrefix', ['PPPrefix'] = 'PPPrefix', ['Program'] = 'program', -- cite interview ['PostScript'] = 'postscript', ['PublicationDate'] = {'publicationdate', 'publication-date' }, ['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace' }, ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution'}, ['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'}, ['Ref'] = {'ref', 'Ref'}, ['RegistrationRequired'] = 'registration', ['Scale'] = 'scale', ['Section'] = 'section', ['Season'] = 'season', ['Separator'] = 'separator', ['Series'] = {'series', 'version'}, ['SeriesSeparator'] = 'series-separator', ['SeriesLink'] = 'serieslink', ['SeriesNumber'] = {'seriesnumber', 'seriesno'}, ['Station'] = 'station', ['SubscriptionRequired'] = 'subscription', ['Time'] = 'time', ['TimeCaption'] = 'timecaption', ['Title'] = 'title', ['TitleLink'] = {'titlelink', 'episodelink', 'albumlink' }, -- albumlink is deprecated; used by old cite AV media notes; remove after 1 October 2014 ['TitleNote'] = 'department', ['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'}, ['TransChapter'] = {'trans-chapter', 'trans_chapter' }, ['Transcript'] = 'transcript', ['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'}, ['TransTitle'] = {'trans-title', 'trans_title' }, ['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'}, ['Via'] = 'via', ['Volume'] = 'volume', ['Year'] = 'year', ['AuthorList-First'] = {"author#-first", "author-first#", "first#", "given#"}, ['AuthorList-Last'] = {"author#-last", "author-last#", "last#", "surname#", "Author#", "author#", "authors#", "subject#"}, ['AuthorList-Link'] = {"author#-link", "author-link#", "author#link", "authorlink#", "subjectlink#"}, ['AuthorList-Mask'] = {"author#-mask", "author-mask#", "author#mask", "authormask#"}, ['EditorList-First'] = {"editor#-first", "editor-first#", "EditorGiven#"}, ['EditorList-Last'] = {"editor#-last", "editor-last#", "EditorSurname#", "Editor#", "editor#", "editors#"}, ['EditorList-Link'] = {"editor#-link", "editor-link#", "editor#link", "editorlink#"}, ['EditorList-Mask'] = {"editor#-mask", "editor-mask#", "editor#mask", "editormask#"}, } -- Default parameter values citation_config.defaults = { ['DeadURL'] = 'yes', ['AuthorSeparator'] = ';', ['EditorSeparator'] = ';', ['NameSeparator'] = ',', ['PPrefix'] = "p.&nbsp;", ['PPPrefix'] = "pp.&nbsp;", } --[[ Error condition table The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code. For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment. Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors ]] citation_config.error_conditions = { accessdate_missing_url = { message = '<code>&#124;accessdate=</code> requires <code>&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url', category = 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL', hidden = true }, archive_missing_date = { message = '<code>&#124;archiveurl=</code> requires <code>&#124;archivedate=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_date', category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors', hidden = false }, archive_missing_url = { message = '<code>&#124;archiveurl=</code> requires <code>&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_url', category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors', hidden = false }, bad_authorlink = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;authorlink=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_authorlink', category = 'CS1 errors: authorlink', hidden = false }, bad_date = { message = 'Check date values in: <code>$1</code>', anchor = 'bad_date', category = 'CS1 errors: dates', hidden = true }, bad_doi = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;doi=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_doi', category = 'Pages with DOI errors', hidden = false }, bad_isbn = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;isbn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_isbn', category = 'Pages with ISBN errors', hidden = false }, bad_issn = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;issn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_issn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN', hidden = false }, bad_lccn = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;lccn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_lccn', category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN', hidden = false }, bad_ol = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;ol=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ol', category = 'Pages with OL errors', hidden = false }, bad_pmc = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;pmc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC', hidden = false }, bad_pmid = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;pmid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmid', category = 'CS1 errors: PMID', hidden = false }, bad_url = { message = 'Check <code>&#124;url=</code> scheme', anchor = 'bad_url', category = 'Pages with URL errors', hidden = false }, bare_url_missing_title = { message = '$1 missing title', anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations having bare URLs', hidden = false }, citation_missing_title = { message = 'Missing or empty <code>&#124;title=</code>', anchor = 'citation_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations lacking titles', hidden = false }, cite_web_url = { -- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast message = 'Missing or empty <code>&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'cite_web_url', category = 'Pages using web citations with no URL', hidden = true }, coauthors_missing_author = { message = '<code>&#124;coauthors=</code> requires <code>&#124;author=</code>', anchor = 'coauthors_missing_author', category = 'CS1 errors: coauthors without author', hidden = false }, deprecated_params = { message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameters', anchor = 'deprecated_params', category = 'Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters', hidden = true }, empty_citation = { message = 'Empty citation', anchor = 'empty_citation', category = 'Pages with empty citations', hidden = false }, extra_pages = { message = 'Extra <code>&#124;pages=</code> or <code>&#124;at=</code>', anchor = 'extra_pages', category = 'Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications', hidden = false }, format_missing_url = { message = '<code>&#124;format=</code> requires <code>&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'format_missing_url', category = 'Pages using citations with format and no URL', hidden = true }, implict_etal_author = { message = '<code>&#124;displayauthors=</code> suggested', anchor = 'displayauthors', category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al.', hidden = true }, implict_etal_editor = { message = '<code>&#124;displayeditors=</code> suggested', anchor = 'displayeditors', category = 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al. in editors', hidden = true }, parameter_ignored = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code>&#124;$1=</code> ignored', anchor = 'parameter_ignored', category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters', hidden = false }, parameter_ignored_suggest = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code>&#124;$1=</code> ignored (<code>&#124;$2=</code> suggested)', anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest', category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters', hidden = false }, redundant_parameters = { message = 'More than one of $1 specified', anchor = 'redundant_parameters', category = 'Pages with citations having redundant parameters', hidden = false }, text_ignored = { message = 'Text "$1" ignored', anchor = 'text_ignored', category = 'Pages with citations using unnamed parameters', hidden = false }, trans_missing_chapter = { message = '<code>&#124;trans_chapter=</code> requires <code>&#124;chapter=</code>', anchor = 'trans_missing_chapter', category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original', hidden = false }, trans_missing_title = { message = '<code>&#124;trans_title=</code> requires <code>&#124;title=</code>', anchor = 'trans_missing_title', category = 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original', hidden = false }, wikilink_in_url = { message = 'Wikilink embedded in URL title', anchor = 'wikilink_in_url', category = 'Pages with citations having wikilinks embedded in URL titles', hidden = false }, } citation_config.id_handlers = { ['ARXIV'] = { parameters = {'arxiv', 'ARXIV'}, link = 'arXiv', label = 'arXiv', mode = 'external', prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 encode = false, COinS = 'info:arxiv', separator = ':', }, ['ASIN'] = { parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' }, link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number', label = 'ASIN', mode = 'manual', COinS = 'info:asin', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = false; }, ['BIBCODE'] = { parameters = {'bibcode', 'BIBCODE'}, link = 'Bibcode', label = 'Bibcode', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:bibcode', separator = ':', }, ['DOI'] = { parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI' }, link = 'Digital object identifier', label = 'doi', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'http://dx.doi.org/', COinS = 'info:doi', separator = ':', encode = true, }, ['ISBN'] = { parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN', 'isbn13', 'ISBN13'}, link = 'International Standard Book Number', label = 'ISBN', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/', COinS = 'rft.isbn', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISSN'] = { parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number', label = 'ISSN', mode = 'manual', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.issn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JFM'] = { parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik', label = 'JFM', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'rft.jfm', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JSTOR'] = { parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, link = 'JSTOR', label = 'JSTOR', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'rft.jstor', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['LCCN'] = { parameters = {'LCCN', 'lccn'}, link = 'Library of Congress Control Number', label = 'LCCN', mode = 'manual', prefix = 'http://lccn.loc.gov/', COinS = 'rft.lccn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MR'] = { parameters = {'MR', 'mr'}, link = 'Mathematical Reviews', label = 'MR', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'rft.mr', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OCLC'] = { parameters = {'OCLC', 'oclc'}, link = 'OCLC', label = 'OCLC', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/', COinS = 'info:oclcnum', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OL'] = { parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' }, link = 'Open Library', label = 'OL', mode = 'manual', COinS = 'info:olnum', separator = '&nbsp;', endode = true, }, ['OSTI'] = { parameters = {'OSTI', 'osti'}, link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', label = 'OSTI', mode = 'external', prefix = '//www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'info:osti', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['PMC'] = { parameters = {'PMC', 'pmc'}, link = 'PubMed Central', label = 'PMC', mode = 'manual', -- changed to support unlinking of PMC identifier when article is embargoed prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', suffix = " ", COinS = 'info:pmc', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['PMID'] = { parameters = {'PMID', 'pmid'}, link = 'PubMed Identifier', label = 'PMID', mode = 'manual', -- changed from external manual to support PMID validation prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/', COinS = 'info:pmid', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['RFC'] = { parameters = {'RFC', 'rfc'}, link = 'Request for Comments', label = 'RFC', mode = 'external', prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc', COinS = 'info:rfc', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['SSRN'] = { parameters = {'SSRN', 'ssrn'}, link = 'Social Science Research Network', label = 'SSRN', mode = 'external', prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', -- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'info:ssrn', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ZBL'] = { parameters = {'ZBL', 'zbl'}, link = 'Zentralblatt MATH', label = 'Zbl', mode = 'external', prefix = 'http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'info:zbl', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', } } --iso639-1 language codes and names. citation_config.iso639_1 = { ["aa"] = "Afar", ["ab"] = "Abkhazian", ["ae"] = "Avestan", ["af"] = "Afrikaans", ["ak"] = "Akan", ["am"] = "Amharic", ["an"] = "Aragonese", ["ar"] = "Arabic", ["as"] = "Assamese", ["av"] = "Avaric", ["ay"] = "Aymara", ["az"] = "Azerbaijani", ["ba"] = "Bashkir", ["be"] = "Belarusian", ["bg"] = "Bulgarian", ["bh"] = "Bihari languages", ["bi"] = "Bislama", ["bm"] = "Bambara", ["bn"] = "Bengali", ["bo"] = "Tibetan", ["br"] = "Breton", ["bs"] = "Bosnian", ["ca"] = "Catalan", -- ["ca"] = "Valencian", ["ce"] = "Chechen", ["ch"] = "Chamorro", ["co"] = "Corsican", ["cr"] = "Cree", ["cs"] = "Czech", ["cu"] = "Church Slavic", -- ["cu"] = "Old Slavonic", -- ["cu"] = "Church Slavonic", -- ["cu"] = "Old Bulgarian", -- ["cu"] = "Old Church Slavonic", ["cv"] = "Chuvash", ["cy"] = "Welsh", ["da"] = "Danish", ["de"] = "German", ["dv"] = "Divehi", ["dv"] = "Dhivehi", ["dv"] = "Maldivian", ["dz"] = "Dzongkha", ["ee"] = "Ewe", ["el"] = "Modern Greek", ["en"] = "English", ["eo"] = "Esperanto", ["es"] = "Spanish", -- ["es"] = "Castilian", ["et"] = "Estonian", ["eu"] = "Basque", ["fa"] = "Persian", ["ff"] = "Fulah", ["fi"] = "Finnish", ["fj"] = "Fijian", ["fo"] = "Faroese", ["fr"] = "French", ["fy"] = "Western Frisian", ["ga"] = "Irish", -- ["gd"] = "Gaelic", ["gd"] = "Scottish Gaelic", ["gl"] = "Galician", ["gn"] = "Guarani", ["gu"] = "Gujarati", ["gv"] = "Manx", ["ha"] = "Hausa", ["he"] = "Hebrew", ["hi"] = "Hindi", ["ho"] = "Hiri Motu", ["hr"] = "Croatian", -- ["ht"] = "Haitian", ["ht"] = "Haitian Creole", ["hu"] = "Hungarian", ["hy"] = "Armenian", ["hz"] = "Herero", ["ia"] = "Interlingua", ["id"] = "Indonesian", ["ie"] = "Interlingue", ["ie"] = "Occidental", ["ig"] = "Igbo", -- ["ii"] = "Sichuan Yi", ["ii"] = "Nuosu", ["ik"] = "Inupiaq", ["io"] = "Ido", ["is"] = "Icelandic", ["it"] = "Italian", ["iu"] = "Inuktitut", ["ja"] = "Japanese", ["jv"] = "Javanese", ["ka"] = "Georgian", ["kg"] = "Kongo", -- ["ki"] = "Kikuyu", ["ki"] = "Gikuyu", -- ["kj"] = "Kuanyama", ["kj"] = "Kwanyama", ["kk"] = "Kazakh", -- ["kl"] = "Kalaallisut", ["kl"] = "Greenlandic", ["km"] = "Central Khmer", ["kn"] = "Kannada", ["ko"] = "Korean", ["kr"] = "Kanuri", ["ks"] = "Kashmiri", ["ku"] = "Kurdish", ["kv"] = "Komi", ["kw"] = "Cornish", -- ["ky"] = "Kirghiz", ["ky"] = "Kyrgyz", ["la"] = "Latin", ["lb"] = "Luxembourgish", -- ["lb"] = "Letzeburgesch", ["lg"] = "Ganda", -- ["li"] = "Limburgan", -- ["li"] = "Limburger", ["li"] = "Limburgish", ["ln"] = "Lingala", ["lo"] = "Lao", ["lt"] = "Lithuanian", ["lu"] = "Luba-Katanga", ["lv"] = "Latvian", ["mg"] = "Malagasy", ["mh"] = "Marshallese", ["mi"] = "Maori", ["mk"] = "Macedonian", ["ml"] = "Malayalam", ["mn"] = "Mongolian", ["mr"] = "Marathi", ["ms"] = "Malay", ["mt"] = "Maltese", ["my"] = "Burmese", ["na"] = "Nauru", ["nb"] = "Norwegian Bokmål", ["nd"] = "North Ndebele", ["ne"] = "Nepali", ["ng"] = "Ndonga", ["nl"] = "Dutch", -- ["nl"] = "Flemish", ["nn"] = "Norwegian Nynorsk", ["no"] = "Norwegian", ["nr"] = "South Ndebele", ["nv"] = "Navajo", -- ["nv"] = "Navaho", -- ["ny"] = "Chichewa", -- ["ny"] = "Chewa", ["ny"] = "Nyanja", ["oc"] = "Occitan", ["oj"] = "Ojibwa", ["om"] = "Oromo", ["or"] = "Oriya", ["os"] = "Ossetian", ["os"] = "Ossetic", -- ["pa"] = "Panjabi", ["pa"] = "Punjabi", ["pi"] = "Pali", ["pl"] = "Polish", -- ["ps"] = "Pushto", ["ps"] = "Pashto", ["pt"] = "Portuguese", ["qu"] = "Quechua", ["rm"] = "Romansh", ["rn"] = "Rundi", ["ro"] = "Romanian", -- ["ro"] = "Moldavian", -- ["ro"] = "Moldovan", ["ru"] = "Russian", ["rw"] = "Kinyarwanda", ["sa"] = "Sanskrit", ["sc"] = "Sardinian", ["sd"] = "Sindhi", ["se"] = "Northern Sami", ["sg"] = "Sango", ["si"] = "Sinhala", -- ["si"] = "Sinhalese", ["sk"] = "Slovak", ["sl"] = "Slovenian", ["sm"] = "Samoan", ["sn"] = "Shona", ["so"] = "Somali", ["sq"] = "Albanian", ["sr"] = "Serbian", ["ss"] = "Swati", ["st"] = "Southern Sotho", ["su"] = "Sundanese", ["sv"] = "Swedish", ["sw"] = "Swahili", ["ta"] = "Tamil", ["te"] = "Telugu", ["tg"] = "Tajik", ["th"] = "Thai", ["ti"] = "Tigrinya", ["tk"] = "Turkmen", ["tl"] = "Tagalog", ["tn"] = "Tswana", ["to"] = "Tonga (Tonga Islands)", ["tr"] = "Turkish", ["ts"] = "Tsonga", ["tt"] = "Tatar", ["tw"] = "Twi", ["ty"] = "Tahitian", -- ["ug"] = "Uighur", ["ug"] = "Uyghur", ["uk"] = "Ukrainian", ["ur"] = "Urdu", ["uz"] = "Uzbek", ["ve"] = "Venda", ["vi"] = "Vietnamese", ["vo"] = "Volapük", ["wa"] = "Walloon", ["wo"] = "Wolof", ["xh"] = "Xhosa", ["yi"] = "Yiddish", ["yo"] = "Yoruba", ["za"] = "Zhuang", -- ["za"] = "Chuang", ["zh"] = "Chinese", ["zu"] = "Zulu", } return citation_config; g3exjxd6p1xz7h03m38jsltzor7w9qv 828 7610 83887 68857 2022-05-19T03:26:55Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:Documentation/config Scribunto text/plain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuration for Module:Documentation -- -- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to -- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here -- should be string values. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection template configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['protection-reason-edit'] -- The protection reason for edit-protected templates to pass to -- [[Module:Protection banner]]. cfg['protection-reason-edit'] = 'template' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox notice configuration -- -- On sandbox pages the module can display a template notifying users that the current page is a -- sandbox, and the location of test cases pages, etc. The module decides whether the page is a -- sandbox or not based on the value of cfg['sandbox-subpage']. The following settings configure the -- messages that the notices contains. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] -- The image displayed in the sandbox notice. cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] = '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] -- The page type of the sandbox page. The message that is displayed depends on the current subject -- namespace. This message is used in either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] = 'sandbox page' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-display'] -- Either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] is the opening sentence -- of the sandbox notice. The latter has a diff link, but the former does not. $1 is the page -- type, which is either cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'], -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] depending what -- namespace we are in. $2 is a link to the main template page, and $3 is a diff link between -- the sandbox and the main template. The display value of the diff link is set by -- cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2.' cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'] = 'diff' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit. $1 is a link to the test cases page. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] is the display value for that link. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit, along with a link to run it. $1 is a link to the test -- cases page, and $2 is a link to the page to run it. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] is the display value for the link to run the test -- cases. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] = 'test cases' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1 ($2).' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['sandbox-category'] -- A category to add to all template sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-category'] = 'Template sandboxes' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] -- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template. cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- cfg['template-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the template namespace. cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation' -- cfg['module-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the module namespace. cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation' -- cfg['file-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the file namespace. cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary' -- cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] -- The heading shown in other namespaces. cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation' -- cfg['view-link-display'] -- The text to display for "view" links. cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view' -- cfg['edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for "edit" links. cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['history-link-display'] -- The text to display for "history" links. cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history' -- cfg['purge-link-display'] -- The text to display for "purge" links. cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge' -- cfg['create-link-display'] -- The text to display for "create" links. cfg['create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Link box (end box) configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] -- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page. cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' --[[ -- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] -- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist. -- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the -- display cfg['create-link-display']. --]] cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Experiment blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] -- cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] -- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages. -- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it -- might look like this: -- -- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages. -- -- In this example, "sandbox", "edit", "diff", "testcases", and "edit" would all be links. -- -- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending -- on what namespace we are in. -- -- Parameters: -- -- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display']) -- -- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display']) -- -- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary']. -- -- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] | cfg['testcases-run-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the -- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current -- namespace. --]] cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = "Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages." cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = "Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['sandbox-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for template sandbox pages. cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages. cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] -- The text to display for "sandbox" links. cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "edit" links. cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "create" links. cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'create' -- cfg['compare-link-display'] -- The text to display for "compare" links. cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff' -- cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] -- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the "mirror" link. $1 is a wikilink to the -- template page. cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- The text to display for "mirror" links. cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror' -- cfg['mirror-link-preload'] -- The page to preload when a user clicks the "mirror" link. cfg['mirror-link-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/mirror' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Test cases link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['testcases-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases. cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['template-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for template test cases pages. cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- cfg['module-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages. cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] -- The text to display for "testcases" links. cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "edit" links. cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "run" links. cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "create" links. cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Add categories blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['add-categories-blurb'] -- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the "content" or -- "docname fed" arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a -- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display']. --]] cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Add categories to the $1 subpage.' -- cfg['doc-link-display'] -- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage. cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Subpages link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['subpages-blurb'] -- The "Subpages of this template" blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a -- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply -- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text. --]] cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.' --[[ -- cfg['subpages-link-display'] -- The text to display for the "subpages of this page" link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'], -- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in -- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace. --]] cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1' -- cfg['template-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for template pages. cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template' -- cfg['module-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages. cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module' -- cfg['default-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules. cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Doc link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['doc-subpage'] -- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages. cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc' -- cfg['docpage-preload'] -- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces. cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- cfg['module-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages. cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- HTML and CSS configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['templatestyles'] -- The name of the TemplateStyles page where CSS is kept. -- Sandbox CSS will be at Module:Documentation/sandbox/styles.css when needed. cfg['templatestyles'] = 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' -- cfg['container'] -- Class which can be used to set flex or grid CSS on the -- two child divs documentation and documentation-metadata cfg['container'] = 'documentation-container' -- cfg['main-div-classes'] -- Classes added to the main HTML "div" tag. cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'documentation' -- cfg['main-div-heading-class'] -- Class for the main heading for templates and modules and assoc. talk spaces cfg['main-div-heading-class'] = 'documentation-heading' -- cfg['start-box-class'] -- Class for the start box cfg['start-box-class'] = 'documentation-startbox' -- cfg['start-box-link-classes'] -- Classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box. -- mw-editsection-like is per [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 117]] cfg['start-box-link-classes'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' -- cfg['end-box-class'] -- Class for the end box. cfg['end-box-class'] = 'documentation-metadata' -- cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] -- Plainlinks cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] = 'plainlinks' -- cfg['toolbar-class'] -- Class added for toolbar links. cfg['toolbar-class'] = 'documentation-toolbar' -- cfg['clear'] -- Just used to clear things. cfg['clear'] = 'documentation-clear' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking category configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] -- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage -- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false). cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true -- cfg['strange-usage-category'] -- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a -- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage. cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -- -- Don't edit anything below this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] return cfg da6pt1lzpy4z0skaztwblaqnfhizyf7 10 7613 68882 68865 2014-06-26T21:26:53Z CFCF 4534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{header|}}} |<tr><th colspan="2" class="{{{class|}}}" style="text-align:center; {{{headerstyle|}}}">{{{header}}}</th></tr> |{{#if:{{{data|}}} |<tr class="{{{rowclass|}}}">{{#if:{{{label|}}} |<th scope="row" style="text-align:left; {{{labelstyle|}}}">{{{label}}}</th> <td class="{{{class|}}}" style="{{{datastyle|}}}"> |<td colspan="2" class="{{{class|}}}" style="text-align:center; {{{datastyle|}}}"> }} {{{data}}}</td></tr> }} }} 8ln1zzdi59wuh786qbvqk92ccdme7id 10 7614 68871 68870 2014-06-23T21:32:24Z CFCF 4534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox |clasetitulo = medicina |colorfondotitulo = #DCDCDC |estiloseccion = background-color:#DCDCDC |estilopiedetabla = background-color:#DCDCDC |estilopie = font-size:85% |titulo = {{{nombre|{{{Name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}} |imagen = {{{imagen|{{{Image|}}}}}} |tamañoimagen = {{{tamaño|{{{Width|}}}}}} |pie = {{{pie|{{{Caption|}}}}}} |seccion1 = {{#if:{{{CIE-10|}}}{{{ICD10|}}}{{{CIE-9|}}}{{{ICD9|}}}{{{CIE-9_mult|}}}{{{ICD9_mult|}}}{{{CIE-O|}}}{{{ICDO|}}}{{{CIAP-2|}}}{{{OMIM|}}}{{{OMIM_mult|}}}{{{DSM-IV|}}}{{{DiseasesDB|}}}{{{DiseasesDB_mult|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{MedlinePlus_mult|}}}{{{Medline|}}}{{{PubMed|}}}{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}{{{eMedicineTopic|}}}{{{eMedicine_mult|}}}{{{MeshID|}}}{{{MeshName|}}}{{{MeshNumber|}}}{{{GeneReviewsID|}}}{{{GeneReviewsName|}}}|Akllana hawa imankunawan}} |etiqueta2 = [[CIE-10]] |datos2 = {{{CIE-10|{{{ICD10|}}}}}} |etiqueta3 = [[CIE-9]] |datos3 = {{{CIE-9|{{{ICD9|}}}}}}{{{CIE-9_mult|{{{ICD9_mult|}}}}}} |etiqueta4 = [[CIE-O]] |datos4 = {{{CIE-O|{{{ICDO|}}}}}} |etiqueta5 = [[Clasificación Internacional de Atención Primaria|CIAP-2]] |datos5 = {{#if:{{{CIAP-2|}}} | {{#switch: {{ns:0}}|{{ns:104}} = {{#iferror: {{CIAP-2|{{{CIAP-2}}}}} | [[Katiguriya:Wikipidiya:Unquymanta pantasqayuq p'anqa]] }} | {{CIAP-2|{{{CIAP-2}}}}} {{{CIAP-2_mult|}}} }} }} |etiqueta6 = [[Herencia Mendeliana en el Hombre|OMIM]] |datos6 = {{#if:{{{OMIM|}}}|[http://omim.org/entry/{{{OMIM}}} {{{OMIM}}}] {{{OMIM_mult|}}} }} |etiqueta7 = [[Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales|DSM-IV]] |datos7 = {{{DSM-IV|}}} |etiqueta8 = [[Diseases Database|DiseasesDB]] |datos8 = {{#if: {{{DiseasesDB|}}}|[http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb{{{DiseasesDB}}}.htm {{{DiseasesDB}}}] {{{DiseasesDB_mult|}}}|}} |etiqueta9 = [[MedlinePlus]] |datos9 = {{#if:{{{MedlinePlus|}}}|[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.htm {{{MedlinePlus}}}] {{{MedlinePlus_mult|}}} }} |etiqueta10 = [[PubMed]] |datos10 = {{#if: {{{Medline|{{{PubMed|}}}}}}|[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=pubmed&details_term=%22{{{Medline|{{{PubMed|}}}}}}%22 Buscar] en [[Medline]] mediante [[PubMed]] <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">(en inglés)</span>|}} |etiqueta11 = [[eMedicine]] |datos11 = {{#if:{{{eMedicineSubj|}}}| {{#switch:{{{eMedicineSubj|}}} |search = [http://search.medscape.com/emedicine-search?queryText={{{eMedicineTopic}}} topic list] |article = [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}-overview {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}] |#default = [http://www.emedicine.com/{{{eMedicineSubj}}}/topic{{{eMedicineTopic}}}.htm {{{eMedicineSubj}}}/{{{eMedicineTopic}}}] }} {{{eMedicine_mult|}}} }} |etiqueta12 = [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]] |datos12 = {{#if: {{{MeshID|}}}|[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{{MeshYear|2008}}}/MB_cgi?field=uid&term={{{MeshID|}}} {{{MeshID}}}]|}} |etiqueta13 = [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]] |datos13 = {{#if: {{{MeshName|}}}|[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/{{{MeshYear|2008}}}/MB_cgi?mode=&term={{{MeshName}}}&field=entry#Tree{{{MeshNumber}}} {{{MeshNumber}}}]|}} |etiqueta14 = [[GeneReviews]] |datos14 = {{#if: {{{GeneReviewsID|}}}{{{GeneReviewsName|}}} | {{Obra citada/enlace |1={{#if: {{{GeneReviewsID|}}} | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part={{{GeneReviewsID}}} }} |2={{{GeneReviewsName|}}} }} }} |seccion15 = {{#if: {{{sinónimos|}}}|Sinónimos}} |datos16 = {{{sinónimos|}}} |estilodatos16 = text-align:left; |seccion27 = [[Rikcha:Star_of_life_caution.svg|24px|Unquspaykiqa hampikamayuqman riy|link=Wikipidiya:Hampiqpa willaynin]]&nbsp;[[Wikipidiya:Hampiqpa willaynin|Hampiqpa willaynin]]{{pad|1em}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> bptjie9m4eq833mro9qylg1cl019nks 828 7616 68877 2014-06-24T10:45:38Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] Scribunto text/plain --[[ Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items now can have three values: true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter) ]] whitelist = { basic_arguments = { ['accessdate'] = true, ['agency'] = true, ['airdate'] = true, ['albumlink'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of titlelink used by old cite AV media notes ['albumtype'] = nil, -- controled inappropriate functionality in the old cite AV media notes ['archivedate'] = true, ['archive-date'] = true, ['archiveurl'] = true, ['archive-url'] = true, ['article'] = true, ['artist'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes ['arxiv'] = true, ['ARXIV'] = true, ['asin'] = true, ['ASIN'] = true, ['asin-tld'] = true, ['ASIN-TLD'] = true, ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['Author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['authorformat'] = true, ['author-format'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['authormask'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['author-name-separator'] = true, ['authors'] = true, ['author-separator'] = true, ['bibcode'] = true, ['BIBCODE'] = true, ['booktitle'] = true, ['callsign']=true, -- cite interview ['cartography'] = true, ['chapter'] = true, ['chapterlink'] = true, ['chapterurl'] = true, ['chapter-url'] = true, ['city']=true, -- cite interview ['coauthor'] = false, ['coauthors'] = false, ['cointerviewers'] = false, -- cite interview ['conference'] = true, ['conferenceurl'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['contribution'] = true, ['contributionurl'] = true, ['contribution-url'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['day'] = false, ['deadurl'] = true, ['degree'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['dictionary'] = true, ['director'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of author used by old cite DVD-notes ['displayauthors'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['displayeditors'] = true, ['display-editors'] = true, ['docket'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['DoiBroken'] = true, ['doi_brokendate'] = true, ['doi_inactivedate'] = true, ['edition'] = true, ['editor'] = true, ['Editor'] = true, ['editor-first'] = true, ['editorformat'] = true, ['editor-format'] = true, ['EditorGiven'] = true, ['editor-last'] = true, ['editorlink'] = true, ['editor-link'] = true, ['editormask'] = true, ['editor-mask'] = true, ['editor-name-separator'] = true, ['editors'] = true, ['editor-separator'] = true, ['EditorSurname'] = true, ['embargo'] = true, ['Embargo'] = true, ['encyclopaedia'] = true, ['encyclopedia'] = true, ['entry'] = true, ['episodelink'] = true, ['event'] = true, ['eventurl'] = true, ['first'] = true, ['format'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['host'] = true, ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['ignoreisbnerror'] = true, ['ignore-isbn-error'] = true, ['in'] = true, ['inset'] = true, ['institution'] = true, ['interviewer'] = true, --cite interview ['isbn'] = true, ['ISBN'] = true, ['isbn13'] = true, ['ISBN13'] = true, ['issn'] = true, ['ISSN'] = true, ['issue'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['journal'] = true, ['jstor'] = true, ['JSTOR'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['lastauthoramp'] = true, ['laydate'] = true, ['laysource'] = true, ['laysummary'] = true, ['layurl'] = true, ['lccn'] = true, ['LCCN'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['medium'] = true, ['minutes'] = true, ['month'] = false, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['name-separator'] = true, ['network'] = true, ['newspaper'] = true, ['nocat'] = true, ['nopp'] = true, ['notestitle'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of chapter used by old cite AV media notes ['notracking'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['number'] = true, ['oclc'] = true, ['OCLC'] = true, ['ol'] = true, ['OL'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['others'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['periodical'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['pmc'] = true, ['PMC'] = true, ['pmid'] = true, ['PMID'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['PPPrefix'] = true, ['PPrefix'] = true, ['program']=true, -- cite interview ['publicationdate'] = true, ['publication-date'] = true, ['publicationplace'] = true, ['publication-place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['publisherid'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD-notes ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['Ref'] = true, ['registration'] = true, ['rfc'] = true, ['RFC'] = true, ['scale'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['sectionurl'] = true, ['separator'] = true, ['series'] = true, ['serieslink'] = true, ['seriesno'] = true, ['seriesnumber'] = true, ['series-separator'] = true, ['ssrn'] = true, ['SSRN'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['subject'] = true, ['subjectlink'] = true, ['subscription'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['template doc demo'] = true, ['time'] = true, ['timecaption'] = true, ['title'] = true, ['titlelink'] = true, ['titleyear'] = false, -- deprecated; set to nil after 1 October 2014; a unique alias of origyear used by old cite DVD-notes ['trans_chapter'] = true, ['trans-chapter'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcripturl'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, ['trans_title'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['url'] = true, ['URL'] = true, ['version'] = true, ['via'] = true, ['volume'] = true, ['website'] = true, ['work'] = true, ['year'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, }, numbered_arguments = { ['author#'] = true, ['Author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#mask'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['authormask#'] = true, ['authors#'] = true, ['editor#'] = true, ['Editor#'] = true, ['editor-first#'] = true, ['editor#-first'] = true, ['EditorGiven#'] = true, ['editor-last#'] = true, ['editor#-last'] = true, ['editor-link#'] = true, ['editor#link'] = true, ['editor#-link'] = true, ['editorlink#'] = true, ['editor-mask#'] = true, ['editor#mask'] = true, ['editor#-mask'] = true, ['editormask#'] = true, ['editors#'] = true, ['EditorSurname#'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['subject#'] = true, ['subjectlink#'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, }, }; return whitelist; ldmr4vlsj7vuemb2tn270w979hxwp7o 828 7617 68878 2014-06-24T10:47:03Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation]] Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid month, returns 0 function get_month_number (month) local long_months = {['January']=1, ['February']=2, ['March']=3, ['April']=4, ['May']=5, ['June']=6, ['July']=7, ['August']=8, ['September']=9, ['October']=10, ['November']=11, ['December']=12}; local short_months = {['Jan']=1, ['Feb']=2, ['Mar']=3, ['Apr']=4, ['May']=5, ['Jun']=6, ['Jul']=7, ['Aug']=8, ['Sep']=9, ['Oct']=10, ['Nov']=11, ['Dec']=12}; local temp; temp=long_months[month]; if temp then return temp; end -- if month is the long-form name temp=short_months[month]; if temp then return temp; end -- if month is the short-form name return 0; -- misspelled, improper case, or not a month name end -- returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 1 for Winter, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0 function get_season_number (season) local season_list = {['Winter']=1, ['Spring']=2, ['Summer']=3, ['Fall']=4, ['Autumn']=4} local temp; temp=season_list[season]; if temp then return temp; end -- if season is a valid name return its number return 0; -- misspelled, improper case, or not a season name end --returns true if month or season is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated) function is_valid_month_or_season (month_season) if 0 == get_month_number (month_season) then -- if month text isn't one of the twelve months, might be a season if 0 == get_season_number (month_season) then -- not a month, is it a season? return false; -- return false not a month or one of the five seasons end end return true; end -- Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter. Years more than one year in the future are not acceptable. function is_valid_year(year) if not is_set(year_limit) then year_limit = tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+1; -- global variable so we only have to fetch it once (os.date("Y") no longer works?) end return tonumber(year) <= year_limit; -- false if year is in the future more than one year end --[[ Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future than next year; else returns false. Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately 1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian. ]] function is_valid_date (year, month, day) local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}; local month_length; if not is_valid_year(year) then -- no farther into the future than next year return false; end if (2==month) then -- if February month_length = 28; -- then 28 days unless if 1582 > tonumber(year) then -- Julian calendar if 0==(year%4) then month_length = 29; end else -- Gregorian calendar if (0==(year%4) and (0~=(year%100) or 0==(year%400))) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end end else month_length=days_in_month[month]; end if tonumber (day) > month_length then return false; end return true; end --[[ Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair. Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time. Similarly, seasons are also left to right, earliest to latest in time. There is an oddity with seasons. Winter is assigned a value of 1, spring 2, ..., fall and autumn 4. Because winter can follow fall/autumn at the end of a calender year, a special test is made to see if |date=Fall-Winter yyyy (4-1) is the date. ]] function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end) local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start); if 0 == range_start_number then -- is this a month range? local range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start); -- not a month; is it a season? get start season number local range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end); -- get end season number if 0 ~= range_start_number then -- is start of range a season? if range_start_number < range_end_number then -- range_start is a season return true; -- return true when range_end is also a season and follows start season; else false end if 4 == range_start_number and 1 == range_end_number then -- special case when range is Fall-Winter or Autumn-Winter return true; end end return false; -- range_start is not a month or a season; or range_start is a season and range_end is not; or improper season sequence end local range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end); -- get end month number if range_start_number < range_end_number then -- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end? return true; -- if yes, return true end return false; -- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month end --[[ Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only allowed range separator is endash. Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day months; no 29 February when not a leap year. Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons must be spelled correctly. Future years beyond next year are not allowed. If the date fails the fomat tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and COinS_date. When this happens, the date parameter is used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value. Inputs: date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, accessdate, embargo, archivedate, etc) Returns: false if date string is not a real date; else true, anchor_year, COinS_date anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors COinS_date is date_string without anchor_year disambiguator if any ]] function check_date (date_string) local year; -- assume that year2, months, and days are not used; local year2=0; -- second year in a year range local month=0; local month2=0; -- second month in a month range local day=0; local day2=0; -- second day in a day range local anchor_year; local coins_date; if date_string:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then -- year-initial numerical year month day format year, month, day=string.match(date_string, "(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)"); month=tonumber(month); if 12 < month or 1 > month or 1583 > tonumber(year) then return false; end -- month number not valid or not Gregorian calendar anchor_year = year; elseif date_string:match("^%a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month-initial: month day, year month, day, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, "(%a+)%s*(%d%d?),%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif date_string:match("^%a+ +[1-9]%d?–[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash month, day, day2, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, "(%a+) +(%d%d?)–(%d%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- day-initial: day month year day, month, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, "(%d%d*)%s*(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d?–[1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash day, day2, month, anchor_year, year=string.match(date_string, "(%d%d?)–(%d%d?) +(%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d? +%a+ – [1-9]%d? +%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match("(%d%d?) +(%a+) – (%d%d?) +(%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; month = get_month_number (month); month2 = get_month_number (month2); elseif date_string:match("^%a+ +[1-9]%d? – %a+ +[1-9]%d?, +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match("(%a+) +(%d%d?) – (%a+) +(%d%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_month_number (month); month2 = get_month_number (month2); elseif date_string:match("^Winter +[1-9]%d%d%d–[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- special case Winter year-year; year separated with unspaced endash year, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match("Winter +(%d%d%d%d)–((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif date_string:match("^%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d% – %a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match("(%a+) +(%d%d%d%d) – (%a+) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if not((0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2)) or -- both must be month year or season year, not mixed (0 ~= get_season_number(month) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2))) then return false; end elseif date_string:match ("^%a+–%a+ +[1-9]%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month/season range year; months separated by endash month, month2, anchor_year, year=date_string:match ("(%a+)–(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end elseif date_string:match("^%a+ +%d%d%d%d%a?$") then -- month/season year month, anchor_year, year=date_string:match("(%a+)%s*((%d%d%d%d)%a?)"); if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end if not is_valid_month_or_season (month) then return false; end elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d?–[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$") then -- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 year, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match("(%d%d%d%d?)–((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)"); anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d–%d%d%a?$") then -- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash local century; year, century, anchor_year, year2=date_string:match("((%d%d)%d%d)–((%d%d)%a?)"); anchor_year=year..'–'..anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if 13 > tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003 year2 = century..year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif date_string:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$") then -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY anchor_year, year=date_string:match("((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)"); if false == is_valid_year(year) then return false; end else return false; -- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats end local result=true; -- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- YMD (simple whole date) result=is_valid_date(year,month,day); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-d (day range) result=is_valid_date(year,month,day); result=result and is_valid_date(year,month,day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-md (day month range) result=is_valid_date(year,month,day); result=result and is_valid_date(year,month2,day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-ymd (day month year range) result=is_valid_date(year,month,day); result=result and is_valid_date(year2,month2,day2); end if false == result then return false; end -- if here, then date_string is valid; get coins_date from date_string (leave CITEREF disambiguator) ... coins_date=date_string:match("^(.+%d)%a?$"); -- last character of valid disambiguatable date is always a digit coins_date= mw.ustring.gsub(coins_date, "–", "-" ); -- ... and replace any ndash with a hyphen return true, anchor_year, coins_date; -- format is good and date string represents a real date end --[[ Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in the COinS metadata) are derived. The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords "n.d." or "nd" (without quotes). Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially, a single error message is created as the dates are tested. ]] function p.dates(date_parameters_list) local anchor_year; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local COinS_date; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local error_message =""; local good_date=false; for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(v) then -- if the parameter has a value if v:match("^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$") then -- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year= local year = v:match("c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?"); -- get the year portion so it can be tested if 'date'==k then anchor_year, COinS_date = v:match("((c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?)"); -- anchor year and COinS_date only from |date= parameter good_date = is_valid_year(year); elseif 'year'==k then good_date = is_valid_year(year); end elseif 'date'==k then -- if the parameter is |date= if v:match("n%.d%.%a?") then -- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v:match("((n%.d%.)%a?)"); --"n.d."; no error when date parameter is set to no date elseif v:match("nd%a?$") then -- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v:match("((nd)%a?)"); --"nd"; no error when date parameter is set to no date else good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = check_date (v); -- go test the date end else -- any other date-holding parameter good_date = check_date (v); -- go test the date end if false==good_date then -- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times if is_set(error_message) then -- once we've added the first portion of the error message ... error_message=error_message .. ", "; -- ... add a comma space separator end error_message=error_message .. "&#124;" .. k .. "="; -- add the failed parameter end end end return anchor_year, COinS_date, error_message; -- and done end return p; jegwhfcwt416y3s3k7d602df7yqkbtr 10 7618 68879 2014-06-24T10:48:40Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Template:MedlinePlusEncyclopedia]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[MedlinePlus|MedlinePlus Encyclopedia]] ''[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/{{{1}}}.htm {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]''<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> miijegp7rzf47un0dtdbu0pf8z2f0k0 828 7632 84086 68918 2022-05-19T06:31:07Z BevoLJ 10818 updating: Module:Message box Scribunto text/plain -- This is a meta-module for producing message box templates, including -- {{mbox}}, {{ambox}}, {{imbox}}, {{tmbox}}, {{ombox}}, {{cmbox}} and {{fmbox}}. -- Load necessary modules. require('Module:No globals') local getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Get a language object for formatDate and ucfirst. local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() -- Define constants local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Message box/configuration' local DEMOSPACES = {talk = 'tmbox', image = 'imbox', file = 'imbox', category = 'cmbox', article = 'ambox', main = 'ambox'} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getTitleObject(...) -- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall -- in case we are over the expensive function count limit. local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return title end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of two arrays. local vals = {} for i, v in ipairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for i, v in ipairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end table.sort(ret) return ret end local function getArgNums(args, prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Box class definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local MessageBox = {} MessageBox.__index = MessageBox function MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfg) args = args or {} local obj = {} -- Set the title object and the namespace. obj.title = getTitleObject(args.page) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set the config for our box type. obj.cfg = cfg[boxType] if not obj.cfg then local ns = obj.title.namespace -- boxType is "mbox" or invalid input if args.demospace and args.demospace ~= '' then -- implement demospace parameter of mbox local demospace = string.lower(args.demospace) if DEMOSPACES[demospace] then -- use template from DEMOSPACES obj.cfg = cfg[DEMOSPACES[demospace]] elseif string.find( demospace, 'talk' ) then -- demo as a talk page obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox else -- default to ombox obj.cfg = cfg.ombox end elseif ns == 0 then obj.cfg = cfg.ambox -- main namespace elseif ns == 6 then obj.cfg = cfg.imbox -- file namespace elseif ns == 14 then obj.cfg = cfg.cmbox -- category namespace else local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox -- any talk namespace else obj.cfg = cfg.ombox -- other namespaces or invalid input end end end -- Set the arguments, and remove all blank arguments except for the ones -- listed in cfg.allowBlankParams. do local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then newArgs[k] = v end end for i, param in ipairs(obj.cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do newArgs[param] = args[param] end obj.args = newArgs end -- Define internal data structure. obj.categories = {} obj.classes = {} -- For lazy loading of [[Module:Category handler]]. obj.hasCategories = false return setmetatable(obj, MessageBox) end function MessageBox:addCat(ns, cat, sort) if not cat then return nil end if sort then cat = string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort) else cat = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end self.hasCategories = true self.categories[ns] = self.categories[ns] or {} table.insert(self.categories[ns], cat) end function MessageBox:addClass(class) if not class then return nil end table.insert(self.classes, class) end function MessageBox:setParameters() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Get type data. self.type = args.type local typeData = cfg.types[self.type] self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError and self.type and not typeData typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default] self.typeClass = typeData.class self.typeImage = typeData.image -- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted. self.isSubstituted = cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST' -- Find whether we are using a small message box. self.isSmall = cfg.allowSmall and ( cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small) ) -- Add attributes, classes and styles. self.id = args.id self.name = args.name if self.name then self:addClass('box-' .. string.gsub(self.name,' ','_')) end if yesno(args.plainlinks) ~= false then self:addClass('plainlinks') end for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do self:addClass(class) end if self.isSmall then self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small') end self:addClass(self.typeClass) self:addClass(args.class) self.style = args.style self.attrs = args.attrs -- Set text style. self.textstyle = args.textstyle -- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only -- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory -- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set. self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields if self.useCollapsibleTextFields or cfg.templateCategory and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.name then local templateName = mw.ustring.match( self.name, '^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$' ) or self.name templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName) end self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle) end -- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only -- used in {{ambox}}. if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- Get the self.issue value. if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then self.issue = args.smalltext else local sect if args.sect == '' then sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page') elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then sect = 'This ' .. args.sect end local issue = args.issue issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil local text = args.text text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil local issues = {} table.insert(issues, sect) table.insert(issues, issue) table.insert(issues, text) self.issue = table.concat(issues, ' ') end -- Get the self.talk value. local talk = args.talk -- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk -- parameter is blank. if talk == '' and self.templateTitle and ( mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title) or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle) ) then talk = '#' elseif talk == '' then talk = nil end if talk then -- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else -- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk -- page of the current page with that section heading. local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk) local talkArgIsTalkPage = true if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then talkArgIsTalkPage = false talkTitle = getTitleObject( self.title.text, mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id ) end if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then local talkText if self.isSmall then local talkLink = talkArgIsTalkPage and talk or (talkTitle.prefixedText .. '#' .. talk) talkText = string.format('([[%s|talk]])', talkLink) else talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on' if talkArgIsTalkPage then talkText = string.format( '%s [[%s|%s]].', talkText, talk, talkTitle.prefixedText ) else talkText = string.format( '%s the [[%s#%s|talk page]].', talkText, talkTitle.prefixedText, talk ) end end self.talk = talkText end end -- Get other values. self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil local date if args.date and args.date ~= '' then date = args.date elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then date = lang:formatDate('F Y') end if date then self.date = string.format(" <span class='date-container'>''(<span class='date'>%s</span>)''</span>", date) end self.info = args.info if yesno(args.removalnotice) then self.removalNotice = cfg.removalNotice end end -- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box -- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes. if self.isSmall then self.text = args.smalltext or args.text else self.text = args.text end -- Set the below row. self.below = cfg.below and args.below -- General image settings. self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell if cfg.imageEmptyCellStyle then self.imageEmptyCellStyle = 'border:none;padding:0;width:1px' end -- Left image settings. local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none' or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none' then self.imageLeft = imageLeft if not imageLeft then local imageSize = self.isSmall and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px') or '40x40px' self.imageLeft = string.format('[[File:%s|%s|link=|alt=]]', self.typeImage or 'Imbox notice.png', imageSize) end end -- Right image settings. local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then self.imageRight = imageRight end -- set templatestyles self.templatestyles = args.templatestyles end function MessageBox:setMainspaceCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg if not cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then return nil end local nums = {} for _, prefix in ipairs{'cat', 'category', 'all'} do args[prefix .. '1'] = args[prefix] nums = union(nums, getArgNums(args, prefix)) end -- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Ambox/category}}. local date = args.date date = type(date) == 'string' and date local preposition = 'from' for _, num in ipairs(nums) do local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)] or args['category' .. tostring(num)] local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)] mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then local catTitle = string.format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date) self:addCat(0, catTitle) catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle) if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then self:addCat(0, 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template') end elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then self:addCat(0, mainCat) end if allCat then self:addCat(0, allCat) end end end function MessageBox:setTemplateCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Add template categories. if cfg.templateCategory then if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.isTemplatePage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end elseif not self.title.isSubpage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end end -- Add template error categories. if cfg.templateErrorCategory then local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory local templateCat, templateSort if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then templateCat = templateErrorCategory elseif self.isTemplatePage then local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {} local count = 0 for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do if not args[param] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = tostring(count) end if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = 'C' end end self:addCat(10, templateCat, templateSort) end end function MessageBox:setAllNamespaceCategories() -- Set categories for all namespaces. if self.invalidTypeError then local allSort = (self.title.namespace == 0 and 'Main:' or '') .. self.title.prefixedText self:addCat('all', 'Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing', allSort) end if self.isSubstituted then self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates') end end function MessageBox:setCategories() if self.title.namespace == 0 then self:setMainspaceCategories() elseif self.title.namespace == 10 then self:setTemplateCategories() end self:setAllNamespaceCategories() end function MessageBox:renderCategories() if not self.hasCategories then -- No categories added, no need to pass them to Category handler so, -- if it was invoked, it would return the empty string. -- So we shortcut and return the empty string. return "" end -- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through -- [[Module:Category handler]]. return require('Module:Category handler')._main{ main = table.concat(self.categories[0] or {}), template = table.concat(self.categories[10] or {}), all = table.concat(self.categories.all or {}), nocat = self.args.nocat, page = self.args.page } end function MessageBox:export() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end -- Add support for a single custom templatestyles sheet. Undocumented as -- need should be limited and many templates using mbox are substed; we -- don't want to spread templatestyles sheets around to arbitrary places -- TODO: Add each template's stylesheet, waiting on [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- we'll need this unconditionally for the TODO if self.templatestyles then root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.templatestyles }, }) end -- Create the box table. local boxTable = root:tag('table') boxTable:attr('id', self.id or nil) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do boxTable:addClass(class or nil) end boxTable :cssText(self.style or nil) :attr('role', 'presentation') if self.attrs then boxTable:attr(self.attrs) end -- Add the left-hand image. local row = boxTable:tag('tr') if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-image') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image -- is inside it. Divs use style="width: 52px;", which limits the -- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that, -- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems. imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px') end imageLeftCell:wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) elseif self.imageEmptyCell then -- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and -- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are -- specified gives the following hint: "No image. Cell with some width -- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width." row:tag('td') :addClass('mbox-empty-cell') :cssText(self.imageEmptyCellStyle or nil) end -- Add the text. local textCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-imageright') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image -- is inside it. imageRightCell = imageRightCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px') end imageRightCell :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end -- Add the below row. if self.below then boxTable:tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2') :addClass('mbox-text') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :css('text-align', 'center') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p, mt = {}, {} function p._exportClasses() -- For testing. return { MessageBox = MessageBox } end function p.main(boxType, args, cfgTables) local box = MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfgTables or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)) box:setParameters() box:setCategories() return box:export() end function mt.__index(t, k) return function (frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return t.main(k, getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false})) end end return setmetatable(p, mt) laj4q6l797jyprqgh4seuf4yqsjzl8s 10 7633 68919 2014-08-08T17:10:34Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "{{#invoke:Message box|mbox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Message box|mbox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 6uj6xyy5r8e9q4ez68de51hlz3os4uu 0 7634 68924 2014-08-12T16:41:57Z CFCF 4534 #REDIRECT wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Indwara ya Ebola]] ngw59jaub82guojccus0m2axrnnjcrf 0 7635 79436 79390 2021-09-21T16:39:50Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = Indwara ya Ebola | image = 7042 lores-Ebola-Zaire-CDC Photo.jpg | caption = 1976 ifoto y’abaforomokazi babiri bahagaze imbere ya [[Mayinga N'Seka|Mayinga N.]], umuntu urwaye indwara iterwa n’agakoko ka Ebola; yitabye Imana hashize iminsi mike bitewe no kuvira imbere ku buryo bukabije. | IndwaraDB = 18043 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|98|4|a|90}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|065.8}} | MedlinePlus = 001339 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 626 | MeshID = D019142 }} '''Indwara ya Ebola''' ('''EVD''') or '''Ebola irangwa no kuvira imbere no guhinda umuriro''' ('''EHF''') ni indwara abantu barware bayitewe n’ [[Agakoko ka Ebola]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ibimenyetso nyir'izina byayo bitangira kugaragara guhera ku minsi ibiri kugera ku byumweru bitatu umuntu yandujwe n'ako gakoko, akagira [[umuriro]], akababara mu muhogo, [[Myalgia|akaribwa mu mitsi]], no [[kurwara umutwe]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> By’umwihariko agira [[iseseme]], akaruka, kandi [[agahitwa]] hakurikiraho, gucika intege k’ [[umwijima]] n’ [[impyiko]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Iyo indwara igeze kuri urwo rwego, abantu bamwe batangira [[kuvirirana amaraso]].<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> <!-- Impamvu n’Uburyo Bayisuzuma--> Ako gakoko gashobora kwandurira mu [[maraso]] cyangwa [[amatembabuzi ava mu mubiri]] w’inyamaswa yanduye (akenshi kaboneka mu nkende cyangwa mu [[ducurama]]).<ref name=WHO2014/> Ikwirakwizwa n’umwuka ikanyanyagira ahantu hadukikije n’ubwo nta nyandiko iriho ibinononsora.<ref name=WHOAir2014>{{cite web|title=2014 Agakoko ka Ebola (EVD) karimo karaca ibintu mu gice cy’ Afurika y’Uburengerazuba|url=http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=Apr 21 2014|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729034008/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Bakaba bakeka ko yazanywe n’Uducurama noneho tukayikwirakwiza kandi two ikaba yari itaratangira kutugaragaraho.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Iyo umuntu amaze kwandura, na we atangira kuyikwirakwiza mu bandi bantu .<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Abagabo bayanduye mu gihe bakiriho bashobora kuyanduza biciye mu [[masohoro]] mu gihe nk’icy’amezi abiri.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kugira ngo babashe kuyisuzuma, kuko ibimenyetso byayo nyir’izina bisa nk’iby’izindi ndwara nka [[malariya]], [[kolera]] n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’agakoko [[zirangwa no kuva amaraso no guhinda umuriro]] zigomba kubanza gutandukanywa na yo.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kugira ngo ibivuye mu isuzuma byemezwe amaraso yafashwe apimwamo udukoko [[ndwanyamubiri]], udukoko [[RNA]], cyangwa ako gakoko ubwako.<ref name=WHO2014/> [[Dosiye:Ebola Virus - Electron Micrograph.tiff|center|thumb|320x320px|Virusi ya Ebola]]<!-- Kuyirinda --> Kuyirinda bisaba kuyibuza gukwirakwira iva mu nkende zanduye no mu ducurama twanduye yinjira mu bantu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kugira ngo ibyo bikorwe ni ugusuzuma izo nyamaswa niba zaranduye izanduye zikicwa kandi imibiri y'izishwe igatwikirwa cyane ku buryo bwabigenewe.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Guteka inyama zigashya ku buryo bwabigenewe kwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri mu gihe umuntu akorakora inyama nabyo byafasha kwirinda,<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> kimwe n’uko wakwambara imyenda ikingira umubiri ugomba no [[gukaraba intoki]] mu gihe wegeranye n’umuntu wanduye.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ibipimo by'amatembabuzi n'iby'uruhu rw'umubiri by'abantu banduye bigomba gukorwaho mu bwitonzi budasanzwe.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Kuyivura, Kuyikumira ntibe icyorezo no Kuyirinda gukwirakwira no kuba yarenga ubushobozi bw’abaganga --> Nta muti wihariye wo kuvura iyi ndwara; imbaraga zo gufasha abantu bayanduye zishyirwa mu kuba wabaha nk’ [[ibinyobwa bibarinda umwuma]] ( amazi yo kunywa arimo agasukari gake n'umun [[Dosiye:Epidemia_del_ébola_en_África_occidental.png|thumb|Epidemia del ebola muri Afrika yuburengerazuba]] yu) cyangwa [[kubatera serumu mu mutsi]].<ref name="WHO2014" /> Iyi indwara ifite igipimo cyo hejuru [[cy’abantu ihitana]]: akenshi ihitana hagati ya 50% na 90% y'abanduye agakoko kayitera.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="Elsevier/Academic Press">{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&pg=PA648}}</ref> Indwara ya Ebola EVD yabonetse bwa mbere muri [[Sudani]] no muri [[Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> T Iyi ndwara ku bw'umwihariko iboneka mu bihugu by'akarere k'ibihugu bikikije koma y'isi byo [[Muri Afurika yo munsi ya Sahara]].<ref name="WHO2014" /> Kuva muri 1976 (ubwo yagaraga bwa mbere) muri 2013, abantu benda kugera ku 1,000 buri mwaka baranduye.<ref name="WHO2014" /><ref name="MMWRJune2014">{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> Kugeza ku munsi wa none igihe yabonetse cyane kuruta indi myaka ni muri iyi minsi [[Ebola yagaragaye muri 2014 muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba]], ubwandu bwagaragaye muri [[Gineya]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberiya]] bukanagaragara muri [[Nigeriya]].<ref name="CDC2014">{{cite web|title=CDC irashishikariza abantu bose batuye muri Amerika kwirinda gukora ingendo zidakenewe muri Liberiya, Gineya, na Sierra Leone kuko hagaragara ubwandu butigeze buboneka bwa Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name="CDCAug2014N">{{cite web|title=Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=5 August 2014|date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> Kugera mu kwezi kwa munani 2014 abantu barenga 1600 banduye bamaze kuboneka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease update - West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=Aug 4, 2014|archive-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6UJCrmDvn?url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Imbaraga kuri ubu zirimo zirashyirwa mu gushaka [[urukingo]]; ariko rero byumvikane, nta rukingo na rumwe rwari rwaboneka.<ref name="WHO2014" /> ==Inyandiko zifashishijwe== {{Reflist|colwidth=25em}} ; Urutonde rw’inyandiko {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Klenk |first=Hans-Dieter |title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology) |date=January 1999 |publisher=Springer-Verlag Telos |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-64729-4 |ref=CITEREFKlenk1999}} * {{Cite book |first1=Hans-Dieter |last1=Klenk |first2=Heinz |last2=Feldmann |title=Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology |url=http://books.google.com/?id=EV_mFgnyPoMC |format=Limited preview |year=2004 |publisher=Horizon Bioscience |location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK |isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7 |ref=CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004 }} * {{Cite book |last=Kuhn |first=Jens H. |title=Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LaOue0F9Ns4C |format=Limited preview |year=2008 |publisher=SpringerWienNewYork |location=Vienna |isbn=978-3-211-20670-6 |ref=CITEREFKuhn2008 }} * {{Cite book |last1=McCormick |first1=Joseph |last2=Fisher-Hoch |first2=Susan |others=Horvitz, Leslie Alan |title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC |url=http://books.google.com/?id=QEvR3aJX2m0C |format=Limited preview |origyear=1996 |edition=Updated [3rd] |year=1999 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |isbn=978-0-7607-1208-5 |ref=CITEREFMcCormickFisher-Hoch1999 |month=June }} * {{Cite book |last=Pattyn |first=S. R. |title=Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever |year=1978 |url=http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |format=Full free text |edition=1st |publisher=Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=0-444-80060-3 |ref=CITEREFPattyn1978 |accessdate=2014-08-12 |archive-date=2010-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211083855/http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |deadurl=yes }} * {{Cite book | last1 = Ryabchikova | first1 = Elena I. | last2 = Price | first2 = Barbara B. | title = Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy | year = 2004 | publisher = Battelle Press | location = Columbus, Ohio | isbn = 978-1-57477-131-2 | ref = CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004 }} {{Refend}} ==Izindi mbuga== {{Refbegin}} * [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/207.html ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses] – Virological repository from the [[Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics]] * [http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever] – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch * [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever] – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response * [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=filo Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808072117/http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819171607/https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=27.371767,5.273438&spn=110.017392,184.21875&z=2&source=embed&dg=feature Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140816223245/http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ WHO recommended infection control measures] {{Refend}} iscqmrs00adakm9g0zbmbmm928zahzr 10 7636 68926 2014-08-12T16:43:40Z CFCF 4534 #REDIRECT wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox disease]] da0g8nzrylq013sekpbh5zdhct8x0tp 10 7643 68951 2014-08-29T12:29:52Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Template:Refbegin]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div class="refbegin <!-- -->{{#if: {{{normalfont|}}} | refbegin-100 }} <!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | columns {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | references-column-width | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | references-column-width }} }}" style="<!-- -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} | {{column-width|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} | {{column-count|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} }} | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} | {{column-width|{{{colwidth}}}}} }} }}"><!-- -->{{#if: {{{indent|}}} | <dl style="text-indent: -{{{indentsize|3.2}}}em;">}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} {{/TemplateData}} </noinclude> l6okm8135xhah28f8cuz338k0vca2pn 10 7644 68952 2014-08-29T12:30:14Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Template:Refend wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></dl></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{template doc|Template:refbegin/doc}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Ends a reference lists started by {{refbegin}}.", "params": { } } </templatedata> </noinclude> ge8cznfxl0zil9rreahsolaz4ivrvek 10 7645 68953 2014-08-29T12:30:44Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Template:Cite book]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> hq4yscm08hccl43rjw83qi7egacgxec 10 7646 68954 2014-08-29T12:31:10Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Template:Cite web]] wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> rcgmbcxu7hvs583g1f3rzz4c4dkizda 10 7647 68955 2014-08-29T12:31:32Z CFCF 4534 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=news }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pbjnspfej5gxihr9izxrzkow3f1uf3i 828 7648 68956 2014-08-29T12:32:30Z CFCF 4534 From [[:en:Module:Citation]] Scribunto text/plain --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Citation - Lua module for Citation auxiliary templates --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For the {{citation}} formatting functions, see: Module:Citation/CS1 -- (see NOTES at bottom) --require "mw.text" local z = { wikitext = require("Module:Wikitext"), extensiontags = { nowiki = true, ref = true, gallery = true, pre = true, source = true, categorytree = true, charinsert = true, hiero = true, imagemap = true, inputbox = true, math = true, poem = true, ref = true, references = true, syntaxhighlight = true, timeline = true, } } function trim( str ) if str == nil then return nil; end return str:match( "^%s*(.-)%s*$" ); end function hideinprint(content) return content end function onlyinprint(content) return "" end -- This returns a string with HTML character entities for wikitext markup characters. function wikiescape(text) text = text:gsub( '[&\'%[%]{|}]', { ['&'] = '&#38;', ["'"] = '&#39;', ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['{'] = '&#123;', ['|'] = '&#124;', ['}'] = '&#125;' } ); return text; end function createTag(t, frame) local name = t.name or "!-- --" local content = t.contents or "" local attrs = {} if ( z.extensiontags[name] ) then -- We have to preprocess these, so that they are properly turned into so-called "strip markers" in the generated wikitext. if ( not frame ) then error ("Please supply an extra frame argument to the createTag() function.") end local params = {} for n,v in pairs(t.params) do table.insert(params, "|" .. n .. "=" .. v) end return frame:preprocess("{{#tag:" .. name .. "|" .. content .. table.concat(params) .. "}}") else for n,v in pairs(t.params) do if (v) then table.insert(attrs, n .. "=\"" .. wikiescape(v) .. "\"") else table.insert(attrs, n) end end if ("" == content) then return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. "/>" else return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. ">" .. content .. "</" .. name .. ">" end end end --[[ This is a clone of mw.text.nowiki. When the mw.text library is installed, this can be replaced by a call to that library. ]] function nowiki( s ) -- string.gsub is safe here, because we're only caring about ASCII chars s = string.gsub( s, '["&\'<=>%[%]{|}]', { ['"'] = '&#34;', ['&'] = '&#38;', ["'"] = '&#39;', ['<'] = '&#60;', ['='] = '&#61;', ['>'] = '&#62;', ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['{'] = '&#123;', ['|'] = '&#124;', ['}'] = '&#125;', } ) s = string.sub( string.gsub( '\n' .. s, '\n[#*:;]', { ["\n#"] = "\n&#35;", ["\n*"] = "\n&#42;", ["\n:"] = "\n&#58;", ["\n;"] = "\n&#59;", } ), 2 ) s = string.gsub( s, '://', '&#58;//' ) s = string.gsub( s, 'ISBN ', 'ISBN&#32;' ) s = string.gsub( s, 'RFC ', 'RFC&#32;' ) return s end function externallinkid(args) local sep = args.separator or "&nbsp;" args.suffix = args.suffix or "" local url_string = args.id if args.encode == true or args.encode == nil then url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string ); end local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id) local t1 = hideinprint("[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[" .. args.prefix .. url_string .. args.suffix .. " " .. nowiki(args.id) .. "]") return t0 .. t1 end function doi(id, inactive, nocat) local cat = "" local text; if ( inactive ~= nil ) then text = "[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:" .. id; cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. selectyear(inactive) .. "]]" inactive = " (inactive " .. inactive .. ")" else text = externallinkid({link="Digital object identifier",label="doi",prefix="http://dx.doi.org/",id=id,separator=":"}) inactive = "" end if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= "10." ) then cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOI errors]]" .. '<span class="error"> Bad DOI (expected "10." prefix) in code number</span>' end if ( nocat and nocat ~= "" ) then cat = "" end return text .. inactive .. cat end function selectyear( str ) local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good, result; good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str ) if good then return result; else return ''; end end function anchorid(label, args) local P1 = trim(args[1]) or "" local P2 = trim(args[2]) or "" local P3 = trim(args[3]) or "" local P4 = trim(args[4]) or "" local P5 = trim(args[5]) or "" local anchor = P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5; if anchor ~= '' then -- See bug description in Citation/CS1 anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode( anchor ); end return label .. anchor end function refid(label, args) local p = args.p or "" local pp = args.pp or "" local loc = args.loc or "" return anchorid(label, args) .. p .. pp .. loc end function name(args) local P1 = trim(args[1]) or "" if ( args[5] ~= nil) then return P1 .. " et al." else local P2 = trim(args[2]) or "" local P3 = trim(args[3]) or "" local P4 = trim(args[4]) or "" if ( args[4] ~= nil ) then P4 = " " .. P4 P3 = " &amp; " .. P3 P2 = ", " .. P2 elseif ( args[3] ~= nil ) then P3 = " " .. P3 P2 = " &amp; " .. P2 elseif ( args[2] ~= nil ) then P2 = " " .. P2 end return P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 end end function crossref(frame, label, args) local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local LB = config.BracketLeft or "" local RB = config.BracketRight or "" local anchor = args.ref or args.Ref or anchorid( label, args) local text = name(args) local loc = args.loc local page local pages = args.pp or args.pages if pages == nil or pages == '' then page = args.p or args.page; end if nil == loc then loc = "" else loc = " " .. loc end if ( page ~= nil ) then local pagesep = config.PageSep or ", p.&nbsp;" loc = loc .. pagesep .. page end if ( pages ~= nil ) then local pagessep = config.PagesSep or ", pp.&nbsp;" loc = loc .. pagessep .. pages end local pagename = args.pagename or "" local ps = args.Postscript or "" return LB .. "[[" .. pagename .. "#" .. anchor .. "|" .. text .. "]]" .. loc .. RB .. ps end function r0(frame, name, group, page) if ( name == nil ) then return "" end if ( group == nil ) then group = "" end local p = "" if ( page ~= nil ) then local contents = ":" .. page p = createTag({name="sup",contents=contents,params={class="reference",style="white-space:nowrap;"}}) end return createTag({name="ref",contents="",params={name=name,group=group}}, frame) .. p end function reflist0(frame, config, args) local contents = args.refs or "" local liststyle = args.liststyle local count = args[1] local width = args.colwidth local group = args.group or config.default_group if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then width = count count = nil end if ( nil == liststyle ) then if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then liststyle = group else liststyle = config.default_liststyle end end local params = {} params.class = "reflist" params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle) if ( nil ~= count ) then params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count) end if ( nil ~= width ) then params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width" params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width) end local references = createTag({name="references",contents=contents,params={group=group}}, frame) return createTag({name="div",contents=references,params=params}) end function refbegin0(frame, config, args) local liststyle = args.liststyle local indent = args.indent local indentsize = args.indentsize local count = args[1] local width = args.colwidth if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then width = count count = nil end if ( nil == liststyle ) then if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then liststyle = group else liststyle = config.default_liststyle end end local params = {} params.class = "refbegin" params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle) if ( nil ~= count ) then params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count) end if ( nil ~= width ) then params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width" params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width) end local dlopen if ( nil ~= indent ) then dlopen = z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="dl",params={style="text-indent: -" .. (indentsize or "3.2") .. "em;"}}) else dlopen = "" end return z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="div",params=params}) .. dlopen end function refend0(frame, config, args) local indent = args.indent local dlclose if ( nil ~= indent ) then dlclose = "</dl>" else dlclose = "" end return dlclose .. "</div>" end -- This is used by {{doi}} to create DOI links in the style used in citations. function z.doi(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local id = pframe.args.id or pframe.args[1] or "" return doi(id) end -- This is used by {{ISSN}} to create ISSN links in the style used in citations. function z.ISSN(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local Name = pframe.args[1] or "" return hideinprint("[[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:" .. Name .. " " .. Name .. "]") end -- This is used by templates such as {{SfnRef}} to create the (encoded) anchor name for a Harvard cross-reference hyperlink. function z.SFNID(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() return anchorid('FOOTNOTE', pframe.args) end -- This is used by templates such as {{Harvard citation}} to create the Harvard cross-reference text. function z.Harvard(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() return crossref(frame, pframe.args) end -- This is used by templates such as {{sfn}} to create the entire cross-reference. function z.sfn(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() pframe.args.Postscript = pframe.args.postscript or pframe.args.ps or "."; local content = crossref(frame, 'CITEREF', pframe.args) local args = { name = refid( 'FOOTNOTE', pframe.args) } return createTag({name = "ref", contents = content, params = args}, frame) end -- This is used by template {{r}}. function z.r(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template args.page1 = args.page1 or args.page local text = "" -- This would be shorter using ipairs(), but that doesn't work on an arguments table supplied to a template. local index = 1 while args[index] ~= nil do local arg = args[index] local t = r0(frame, arg, args.group, args["page" .. index]) text = text .. t index = index + 1 end return text end -- This is used by template {{ref label}}. function z.reflabel(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template local P1 = args[1] or "" local P2 = args[2] or "" local P3 = args[3] or "" local id = nil local contents = "[[#endnote_" .. P1 .. P3 .. "|&#91;" .. P2 .. "&#93;]]" local params = {} params.class="reference" if ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then params.id = "ref_" .. P1 .. P3 end return createTag({name="sup",contents=contents,params=params}) end -- This is used by template {{note label}}. function z.notelabel(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template local id = args[1] or "" local arrow = args[3] or "" local postscript = args[4] or "" local contents if arrow ~= "" then local sup_arrow = createTag({name="sup",contents=arrow,params={}}) contents = "[[#ref_" .. id .. arrow .. "|<b>" .. sup_arrow .. "</b>]]" .. postscript if "none" == arrow then arrow = "^" end -- Change this AFTER using it in the ID parameter and the contents. else contents = (args[2] or "") .. postscript end local params = { class="citation wikicite" } if id ~= "" and ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then params.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode("endnote_" .. id .. arrow) end return createTag({name="span",contents=contents,params=params}) end -- This is used by templates {{reflist}} and {{notelist}}. function z.reflist(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template return reflist0(frame, config, args) end -- This is used by template {{refbegin}}. function z.refbegin(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template return refbegin0(frame, config, args) end -- This is used by template {{refend}}. function z.refend(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template return refend0(frame, config, args) end -- This is used by template {{efn}}. function z.efn(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template return createTag({name="ref",contents=(args[1] or ""),params={name=args.name,group=config.default_group}}, frame) end return z --------------------------------------------------------------------- --NOTES -- -- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix -- of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's -- local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}. -- However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered -- in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate -- variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations. -- -- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the -- displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep -- coordinated with the data in parentheses "(data)". There -- has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related -- options, to keep from putting double-dots ".." in some cases. -- In particular, the omission of the "title=" parameter has led -- to several cases of a spurious dot ". ." because the original -- design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --HISTORY: --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting " ". --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end " " of Authors/Date/... --19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos). --19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot ".." in Title by omitting at end of "tcommon=...". --19Oct2012 For pages, put &nbsp in "p.&nbsp;" etc. --19Oct2012 Enhanced "pages=" to detect lone page as "p." else "pp." prefix. --19Oct2012 Fixed to show "." after Periodical name (work, newspaper...). --19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces "[... Archived] from the original". --19Oct2012 Fixed to show ";" between authors & coauthors. --19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra "." after coauthors. --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as "ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004" --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as "&" but use lead "&rft...=" form. --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's "rfr_id=..." pagename. --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when "web" to default to rft.genre "book". --05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter --15Feb2013 Added Agency for "agency=xx". --19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation. --19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form. --19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style. --19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency. --19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date. --19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again. --20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot "." if already ends with dot. --20Feb2013 If class "journal" shows Publisher after Periodical/Series. --20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume. --20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + <span class="reference-accessdate"> --20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no. --20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters. --20Feb2013 Put "OCLC" for "Online Computer Library Center". --20Feb2013 Fix empty "authorlink=" as person.link ~= "". --20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep & AuthorNameSep. --21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter). --21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled "EdithorSep"). --21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book" --21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.). --21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass "citation". --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "issn=x" as the ISSN code. --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "id=x" after Zbl code. --21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot. --21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass "citation": Volume, Issue, Publisher. --21Feb2013 Put warning "Bad DOI (expected "10."..)" in DOI result. --21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when > 4 long. --21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase "asin-tld". --22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date. --22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass "citation". --22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "citation" as span class="citation". --22Feb2013 Capitalized "Archived/Retrieved" only when sepc is dot ".". --23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for "in" or "In" and put space after sepc. --23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in "et al." when sepc is "." separator. --23Feb2013 Fixed "author1-first" to also get args.given or args.given1. --23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title. --23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as "contribution=mytitle"). --23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of Editors list --26Feb2013 Moved "issue=" data to show before "page=". --26Feb2013 Moved "type=" data to show after "format=". --26Feb2013 For "pmc=" link, omitted suffix "/?tool=pmcentrez". --27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors. --27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year. --27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of authors/coauthors list. --27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as ", ed." when date exists. --27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of "others=" data. --27Feb2013 Removed parentheses "( )" around "department" TitleNote. --05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series. --05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume. --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter. --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as "pp." or "p.". --07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit "( )" around publisher. --07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was "-1,1". --13Mar2013 Removed enddot "." after "quote=" parameter. --13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass "news" to use "p." page format. --13Mar2013 Fixed missing "location=" when "web" or "encyclopaedia". --14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title. --14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before "p." or "pp." page number. --14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "book" to use p./pp. page. -- --End bn0bkgu1e9g2vis9w2hkddtba2hjtfm 0 7651 78343 70173 2021-08-24T07:33:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Trojany województwo mazowieckie.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Trojany]] '''Trojany''' ni umujyi w'u [[Polonye]]. [[Dosiye:Trojany.jpg|thumb|Trojany]] [[Category:Polonye]] lakoa2ru7994yj00qc1hz5k7wchntn8 0 7660 68987 2014-09-27T13:48:05Z Wester 2963 Wester moved page [[Opo Kondreman]] to [[God zij met ons Suriname]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[God zij met ons Suriname]] 287xph80q0n9lzj2lrjlqg073xm303t 0 7676 77810 69044 2021-08-17T23:13:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Vedaste BAKUNDUKIZE;{<UTUYE: GAKENKE, WIGA:KAYONZA>) Washatse Kutwereka k'udukurikirana,tubanj ekugushimira. Ibibazobyawe bikomeye Kubyihutira Ariko Niba abagurishije Imitungo Yawe Ubazineza Ndetse kabone niyobaba aribo baribashinzwe Kukwitaho,gerageza Ubigeze Mubutabera,kdi Ubonye Inararibonyebazi ibyawerwose zisunge Amategeko Bagufashe Bizakemuka kdi mumahoro.Naho Mukwiga Ntuza Tekerezebibaho Guta Amasomo Yawe Ahubwo Shaka Umuntu Ukwegere Cg Ibigo Byita Kumfubyi Bikwishingire Wige Uzarangiza Rwose. Ukene Izindi nama Waduhamagara Kuri;0787372240/0722372240/0784902916/0726634276. Murakoze Kdi Muza Tumeshe Ukobyakugekeye .AMATUS PACIS ~DAGAZA'GAHARA-KIREHE. [[Dosiye:Child waving-Rwanda.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|abana bara basuhuza]] lh5pz0vvi4rqd72o6g6p93pzf0ydux3 4 7678 71430 71280 2018-03-05T23:37:35Z RudolfSimon 651 /* This Event happened on Nov. 20, 2017: */ presentation inserted wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wikimedia-Workshop in Kigali (Rwanda) by Goethe Institute.jpg|thumb|Wikimedia-Workshop participants]] == This Event happened on Nov. 20, 2017: == [[File:2017-11-20 Wikimedia Movement - Goethe Institut Kigali - handout.pdf|thumb|left]] <br> <br> <big>'''[https://www.goethe.de/ins/rw/en/ver.cfm?fuseaction=events.detail&event_id=21097873 "Wikimedia Movement and writing for Wikipedia"] in Kigali'''</big> <br> <br> <br> jr05fuzgy99wnwaid69z4te7wwgub61 14 7687 69072 69070 2014-12-03T19:46:47Z 31.200.12.109 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 7688 69074 69071 2014-12-03T19:47:37Z 31.200.12.109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Religion in Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Iyobokamana]] [[Category:Azeribayijani]] 8qvezos83jtq61bv3bouib3wlv0zxzl 0 7699 78667 74204 2021-08-26T03:25:07Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ubuvanganzo Ubuvanganzo nyarwanda harimo ibisigo, amazina y'inka, [[ibyivugo]], ibisingizo, ibihozo, imigani miremire, ibitekerezo, imigani migufi (imigenurano), inshoberamahanga, insigamigani, ibisakuzo, amavumvu, amasare, amahigi, amagorane, ibitongero (mu kuragura, guterekera, gutukura umwana, kwambika imana zeze, guhura, kugangahura, guhanura, kugombora, kuroga n’ibindi) [[Dosiye:Intore 6.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Intore]] k7t9euym76gk3a0150n6gcq0rrveb5x 0 7727 76938 69195 2021-08-04T02:07:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Ibisazi by’imbwa | image= Dog with rabies.jpg | caption = Imbwa ifite uburwayi bw’ibisazi igeze mu rwego rwo guhinamirana (urwego rwa nyuma rw’ibisazi) | DiseaseDB = 11148 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}} | ID9 = {{ICD9|071}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001334 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1374 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|eerg|493}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1974}} | MeshID = D011818 }} [[Dosiye:Four dogs running at golden hour in the countryside of Don Det Laos.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|dogs]] '''Ibisazi by’imbwa''' ni indwara ikomeye iterwa na virusi yibasira ubwonko bw’umuntu cyangwa izindi nyamaswa zigira amaraso ashyushye.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ibimenyetso by’ibanze bishobora kuba umuriro no gutitira kw’ahantu harumwe.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ibyo bimenyetso bikurikirwa n’ikindi kimenyetso kimwe cyangwa byinshi aribyo: guhubuka mu bikorwa, kutagira rutangira mu myitwarire, [gutinya amazi,kudashobora kunyeganyeza ibice bimwe by’umubiri, kuvangirwa no guta umutwe].<ref name=WHO2013/> Nyuma y’igaragara ry’ibimenyenyetso, ibisazi by’imbwa akenshi birangizwa n’urupfu. <ref name=WHO2013/> Igihe cyo kwandura iyo ndwara nicyo kugaragaza ibimenyetso ubusanzwe kiri hagati y’ukwezi kumwe n’amezi atatu. Aliko iki gihe gishobora guhinduka, bikagaragara mu gihe kiri munsi y’icyumweru kugeza ku mwaka urenga. <ref name=WHO2013/> Igihe gihindagurika bitewe n’uburebure bw’intera virusi igomba kugenda kugira ngo igere mu mitsi yo mu bwonko rwagati.<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1|author-separator=, |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N |display-authors=3}}</ref>. Indwara y’ibisazi by’imbwa yanduza abantu iturutse ku zindi nyamaswa. Kwandura biba iyo inyamaswa ishishimuye cyangwa ikaruma indi nyamaswa cyangwa umuntu. <ref name=WHO2013/> Urukonda rw’ inyamaswa yanduye narwo rushobora kwanduza indwara y’ ibisazi by’ imbwa igihe urwo rukonda ruhuye n’ igice cy’ umubiri w’ umuntu cyangwa w’inyamaswa gifite urukonda. <ref name=WHO2013/> Abantu benshi barwara ibisazi by’ imbwa akenshi ni ababa barumwe nazo. ref name=WHO2013/> Mu bihugu bibonekamo imbwa zirwaye ibisazi, izirenga 99 ku ijana akenshi ziba zariwe n’ izindi mbwa.<ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> Muri Amerika impamvu nyamukuru itera ibisazi ni ubucurama, kandi abantu bari munsi ya 5 ku ijana barwaye ibisazi biterwa no kuribwa n’ imbwa. <ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Tint2010/> Inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw’imbeba ntizikunze gufatwa n’ibisazi by’imbwa. <ref name=Tint2010/> Virusi y’ibisazi by’imbwa igenda igana mu bwonko inyuze mu myakura ishamikiyeho. <ref name=WHO2013/>Iyo ndwara ishobora kugaragazwa n’igipimo cyo kwa muganga igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye kugaragara gusa.<ref name=WHO2013/> Porogaramu zishinzwe kugenzura no gukingira inyamaswa zagabanije umubare w’imbwa zishobora gufatwa n’ ibisazi mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’ isi. <ref name=WHO2013/> Gukingira abantu mbere y’ uko bandura nibyo bikwiriye, cyane ku bantu bugarijwe n’icyo cyorezo. Igice cy’abantu bibasirwa cyane harimo abantu bakora mu bucurama cyangwa abamara igihe kirekire mu turere tw’isi dukunze kubamo indwara y’ ibisazi by’imbwa. <ref name=WHO2013/> Mu bantu bigeze bibasirwa n’ indwara y’ ibisazi by’ imbwa, urukingo rwayo ndetse rimwe na rimwe umuti w’ ibyo bisazi bifite akamaro mu kwirinda indwara mu gihe yakingiwe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara. <ref name=WHO2013/> Kogesha isabune n’ amazi mu gihe cy’ iminota 15 aharumwe cyangwa ahanoshwe n’inzara cyangwa gukoresha umuti wica udukoko nabyo bituma indwara y ’ ibisazi by’ imbwa yirindwa. <ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Abantu bake gusa nibo babashije gukira indwara y’ ibisazi, nabwo ari uko bavuwe ku buryo bwimbitse bwitwa “Milwaukee protocol]]”. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabosies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}</ref> Buri mwaka, ku isi yose, indwara y’ibisazi by’imbwa ihitana abantu bari hagati ya 26,000 na 55,000. <ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, et al. | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> Abapfa bazira iyo ndwara barenga 95 ku ijana kandi babarizwa muri Afurika na Aziya. <f name=WHO2013/> Indwara y’ ibisazi by’ imbwa iboneka mu bihugu birenga 150 kandi ku migabane yose uretse muri Antarkitika.<ref name=WHO2013/> Abantu barenga biliyoni 3 baba mu turere tw’ isi tubamo indwara y’ ibisazi by’imbwa. <ref name=WHO2013/> Mu gice kinini c’UBurayi na Ositarariya, indwara y’ ibisazi by’imbwa iboneka mu bucurama honyine. <ref>{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}</ref> Mu bihubu bito bito by’ ibirwa nta ndwara y’ ibisazi by’imbwa ihaba na busa. <ref>{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and PoliticalUnits|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> ==Inyandiko zifashishijwe== <references /> eknokqhq20d048yy60xbf3yjrywpy20 0 7728 78216 77523 2021-08-23T15:34:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Edinburgh Trip 3.27.2011 075.JPG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Edinburgh</font>]] [[Dosiye:Edinburgh central mosque edit.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Edinburgh'' ]] [[Dosiye:Front_Entrance_of_Edinburgh_Central_mosque.jpg|thumb|Kwinjira imbere yumusigiti wo hagati wa Edinburgh]] '''Umusigiti wa Edinburgh''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]]: ''Edinburgh Central Mosque'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Edinburgh]] mu [[Bwongereza]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’u Bwongereza]] j0f221xk6vvaobprk2dg9r41v2wvteo 0 7822 77140 69726 2021-08-08T01:36:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|rwanda]] Kamaro Kamanzi ni Umunyarwanda uhirimbanira ubusugire bw'Ikinyarwanda aho kiva kikagera. 7fnh3tlri4ha7vr2wjzap30nhawemij 0 7823 77910 76239 2021-08-18T14:57:24Z Germain92 9488 umurenge wikitext text/x-wiki Murakaza neza kuri page y'Umurenge wa [[Rutunga]] Umurenge wa [[Rutunga]] ni umwe mu Mirenge 15 igize Akarere ka [[Gasabo (Akarere)|Gasabo]] Ukaba ugizwe n'Utugari 6 aritwo: - Gasabo - Indatemwa - Kibenga - Kabaliza - Kacyatwa - Kigabiro Ukaba ugizwe n'Imidugudu 24 Umurenge wa Rutunga ufite ubuso bungana na Km2 42,6 ukaba utuwe n'ingo zigera 4,508 n'abaturage bagera ku 19850 Umurenge wa Rutunga Uhana imbibi n'imirenge ya: Amajyaruguru: Umurenge wa Rutare na Rwamiko yo mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]] Amajyepfo: Umurenge wa Nduba na Bumbogo yo Mukarere ka [[Gasabo]] Uburasirazuba: Umurenge wa Bukure mu Karere ka Gicumbi na Gikomero yo muri [[Gasabo (Akarere)|Gasabo]] Uburengerazuba: Umurenge wa Ntarabana mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]]. Umurenge wa Rutunga kandi niwo uherereyemo agace kitwa Gasabo ari naho inkomoko y'URwanda ndetse n'ikiyaga cya muhazi Uhageze wahasanga bimwe mu ibimenyetso bigaragaza amateka y'Urwanda [[Dosiye:Intore_Monument.jpg|thumb|ikimenyetso cyerekana ubunyangamugayo n'ubutore bwabatuye Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:A_Dance_traditional_Monument.jpg|thumb|Imbyino gakongo z'abaturage batuye mu karere ka Gasabo ]] nk'Ibimana, Igiti cya Nyakarima ndetse n'ibindi.... [[Dosiye:Burende.jpg|thumb|Burende]] rktzevrulg4fc8qawnn80qhonb5u49k 0 7828 78658 71167 2021-08-26T03:11:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki ni igihe uba ufite inzira ebyiri ugomba guhitamo imwe gusa. amahitamo aturuka kucinga (Guhitamo). [[Dosiye:Choose an option.jpg|center|thumb|400x400px|Uba ufite guhitamo inzira imwe]] cduad1q4e4yjdowtgffix5g61l9mzun 0 7832 69977 2015-05-26T08:26:59Z Jacilason 5175 Created page with "[[File:Europei di pallavolo 2005 - Italia-Russia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Turai</font>]] '''Wasan''' '''kwallon''' '''raga''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Volleyball'..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Europei di pallavolo 2005 - Italia-Russia.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Turai</font>]] '''Wasan''' '''kwallon''' '''raga''' (izina mu [[cyongereza]] ''Volleyball'' ) ni [[umukino]]. [[Category:Imikino| ]] rv53sew4ra2ewtjy7vsn12q9byv2e3g 0 7840 79362 79338 2021-09-07T17:29:46Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kizito_Mihigo.jpg|Kizito_Mihigo.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:P199|P199]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Kizito Mihigo.jpg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kizito Mihigo''' wavukiye i [[Kibeho]] tariki ya 25 [[Nyakanga]] 1981 − 17 [[Gashyantare]] 2020 i [[Kigali]], ni umuhanzi, umucuranzi n'umuririmbyi w'umunyarwanda.<ref>[http://www.kizitomihigo.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194&Itemid=161&lang=rw Amateka ya Kizito Mihigo - Kizitomihigo.com]</ref> ==Amavu n'amavuko== Kizito Mihigo yavutse kuwa gatandatu, tariki ya 25 Nyakanga 1981, i [[Kibeho]], umwe mu mirenge y’Akarere ka [[Nyaruguru]], mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Gikongoro]] mu ntara y’[[Amajyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]].Ni umwana wa gatatu mu bana batandatu. Ababyeyi be Buguzi Augustin na Ilibagiza Placidie, bamureze mu bukristu gatolika.<ref name="Igihe">[http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/biography-13647 Ubuzima bwa Kizito Mihigo] Igihe.com, [[Nyakanga]] 2013</ref> == Ibyiruka == Afite imyaka icyenda yatangiye guhimba uturirimbo tw’abana, maze nyuma y’imyaka itanu, aza kuvamo umuhanzi w’indirimbo za Kiriziya Gatolika uzwi mu Rwanda. <ref>[http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-11-20/59903/ Kizito Mihigo uses music to promote peace and reconciliation] - The New Times (Mu Cyongereza), 20 [[Ugushyingo]] 2012 </ref> Mu mwaka wa 1994 ise umubyara (Buguzi Augustin) yishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. Mu binyamakuru bitandukanye, Kizito Mihigo yakunze kuvuga ko gucika ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] biri mu byamuhaye inganzo y’ubutumwa aririmba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075007/http://www.alterinfo.net/GENOCIDE-AU-RWANDA-13-ans-apres-Temoignage-du-rescape-KIZITO-MIHIGO-CROIRE-EN-DIEU-APRES-LE-GENOCIDE_a8443.html Génocide au Rwanda - 13 ans après: Témoignage du rescapé Kizito Mihigo] - Alter Infos (Mu Gifaransa), [[Gicurasi]] 2007</ref> Amaze kugira imyaka 14, ubwo yigaga mu mwaka wa mbere muri Seminari nto ya [[Karubanda]] i [[Butare]], yahimbye indirimbo nyinshi ziririmbwa muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka wa 2000, (ubwo yari afite imyaka 19), Kizito Mihigo yari afite indirimbo zirenga 200 za Missa.<ref name="imirasire">[http://www.imirasire.com/amakuru-yose/imyidagaduro/mu-rwanda-50/article/sobanukirwa-n-amwe-mu-mateka-y-umuhanzi-kizito-mihigo/ Sobanukirwa n’ amwe mu mateka y’ umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo] - Imirasire.com, 7 Mata 2014</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2001 yagize uruhare mu ishyirwa mu manota ry'[[Rwanda Nziza|indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu]].<ref>[http://www.panapress.com/Un-artiste-rwandais-s-insurge-contre-les--falsificateurs-de-l-histoire--du-genocide-de-1994--13-769237-18-lang2-index.html Un artiste rwandais s'insurge contre les "falsificateurs de l'histoire" du génocide de 1994] - Panapress.com (Mu Gifaransa), 7 Mata 2014</ref> ===Amashuri ya Muzika=== [[Dosiye:LogoCNSMDP.svg|thumb|Ishuri ryigisha umuzikki riherereye mu mujyi wa Paris mu bufaransa aho nyakwigendera KIZITO Mihigo yize ]] Mu mwaka wa 2003 yagiye kwiga Muzika mu [[Uburayi|Burayi]], maze mu kwezi kwa cyenda 2008, aza kubona impamyabumenyi DFE « Diplôme de Fin d’Etudes », mu ishuri rya [[Conservatoire de Musique]] de [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]]<ref name="imirasire"/> Yigishije Muzika mu ishuri ryisumbuye « Institut provincial » ryo mu [[Ububirigi|Bubiligi]], kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza muri 2010. <ref name="imirasire"/> ===Ibihangano=== Kizito Mihigo afite indirimbo zigera kuri 400 ziganjemo izo mu Kiriziya gatorika<ref name="bbc">[http://www.bbc.com/afrique/region/2014/12/141229_kizito_rwanda Rwanda: la perpétuité requise pour Kizito Mihigo] - [[BBC]] (Mu Gifaransa), 30 Ukuboza 2014</ref>. Kuva yagera ku mugabane w’u Burayi, uyu muhanzi yatangiye guhimba n’izindi ndirimbo zitari iza [[Kiriziya]], ahubwo zitanga ubutumwa bw'Amahoro n'Ubwiyunge muri sosiyete cyane cyane mu Banyarwanda.<ref name="Igihe"/> '''Izagiye zimenyekana ni nka''': *Twanze gutoberwa amateka *Turi abana b’u Rwanda *Umujinya Mwiza *Ijoro ribara uwariraye *Inuma *Iteme *Arc en ciel *Urugamba rwo Kwibohora *Intare yampaye agaciro *Igisobanuro cy'urupfu ==Ubukangurambaga ku bumwe n'ubwiyunge== Mu mwaka wa 2010, Kizito Mihigo yashinze ''[[Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix]] (Kizito Mihigo Peace Foundation) - KMP - '' iharanira amahoro n’ubumuntu mu bantu. <ref name="Igihe"/> [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Makes_Peace_sign.jpg|thumb|Nyakwigendera Kizito Mihigo yaranzwe n'ibikorwa by'urukundo no guharanira amahoro ariko nyuma y'igihe kirekire aza gusubira inyuma bimuviramo guhanwa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda]] Iyi fondation yashinzwe hagamijwe ubukangurambaga ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge ikoresheje ubuhanzi, muri za gereza, no mu mashuri <ref name="amahoro">[http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/amakuru/article/kizito-mihigo-na-kmp-bizihije Kizito Mihigo na KMP bizihije umunsi mpuzamahanga w’amahoro ] - Igihe.com, Nzeri 2013 </ref>. KMP kandi yakoraga ibyitwa ''Ikiganiro mpuzamadini'' cyahuzaga abanyamadini batandukanye kuri Radiyo na Televiziyo by'igihugu mu isaha imwe mu cyumweru yahariwe y'ikiganiro kitwa ''Umusanzu w'Umuhanzi'' cyategurwaga na Fondation KMP. <ref name="amadini">[http://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/amakuru/article/kizito-mihigo-yashyize-ahagaragara Kizito Mihigo yashyize ahagaragara ibiganiro mpuzamadini bibera muri KMP ] - Igihe.com, Mutarama 2014 </ref>. === Ibihembo yahawe === Muri [[Kanama]] 2011, Kizito Mihigo yahawe n'umufasha wa Perezida wa Repuburika, Madamu [[Jeannette Kagame]], igihembo cyagenewe urubyiruko rw'indashyikirwa (CYRWA award).<ref>[http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-08-20/84730/ First Lady awards Young Rwandan Archivers] - The New Times (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Kanama 2011 </ref> Muri [[Mata]] 2013, Kizito na Fondation ye bahawe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Imiyiborere (RGB), igihembo cy'amafaranga y'u Rwanda 8 000 000 (Miliyoni Umunani), nk'umuryango utari uwa Leta ukora ibikorwa bishyigikira imiyobore myiza <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151006165523/http://greatlakesvoice.com/civil-society-organs-win-rgb-grants/ Civil Society Organs win RGB awards] - Great Lakes Voice (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Mata 2013</ref> ==Ubuzima bwe bwite== Kizito Mihigo ni ingaragu, kandi nta mwana afite. Ni umukirisitu gatorika, n'umukunzi wa Karate na Sinema. <ref name="independent">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082613/http://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-ed/rwanda/6524-peace-messenger Kizito Mihigo using music to spread peace in society] - The Independent (Mu Cyongereza), 3 Ukwakira 2012</ref>. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, yagiye yandikwa n'ibinyamakuru by'imyidagaduro byo mu Rwanda, nk'umwe mu basore bakurura abakobwa benshi mu gihugu. Muri 2012 yavuzweho urukundo rw'ibanga hamwe n'umuririmbyikazi [[Miss Jojo]], ariko babajijwe n'itangazamakuru, bose barabihakana <ref name="independent"/>. ==Ifungwa n'urubanza== Tariki ya 15 [[Mata]] 2014, [[Polisi]] y'igihugu yerekanye uyu muhanzi ivuga ko yamufatiye mu byaha byo kugambanira ubutegetsi buriho na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]]. Imbere y'itangazamakuru, Kizito Mihigo yarabyemeye abisabira imbabazi.<ref name="arrestation">[http://rfi.fr/afrique/20140416-rwanda-kagame-karegeya-kizito-mihigo-fdlr-rnc-fpr-attaque-police/ Rwanda: quatre personnes arrêtées, dont le chanteur Kizito Mihigo] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 16 Mata 2014 </ref> Kuvuga ko Kizito Mihigo yafashwe byatangajwe amaze iminsi irenga icyumweru aburiwe irengero <ref name="umuryango">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140925230014/http://umuryango.rw/spip.php?article11824 Kizito Mihigo ari he? Ese yaba yaratangiye guhura n’ingaruka z’"Igisobanuro cy’urupfu"?] - Umuryango.rw, 16 [[Mata]] 2014</ref>. N'ubwo polisi y'u Rwanda yari yabanje kuvuga ko itazi aho uyu muhanzi yari ari mu cyumweru cyabanjirije iyerekanwa rye, urubuga [[WikiLeaks]] ruzwiho kumena amabanga ya za Leta zitandukanye zo ku isi rwavuze ko Kizito Mihigo yari yafashwe tariki ya 4 Mata, ni ukuvuga iminsi icumi mbere y'uko polisi imwerekana.<ref name="WikiLeaks">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150918111224/http://www.wikileaks-forum.com/rwanda/581/-le-timing-de-larrestation-de-kizito-mihigo/29347/ Le timing de l'arrestation de Kizito Mihigo] - [[WikiLeaks]] (Mu Gifaransa) 14 Mata 2014</ref>. === Indirimbo yateye ikibazo === Gufatwa kwa Kizito Mihigo kandi, byabaye amaze gusohora indirimbo yitwa ''Igisobanuro cy'urupfu''. Iyi ndirimbo ntiyashimishije abategetsi b'u Rwanda kuko yahise ibuzwa gucurangwa igisohoka ndetse ikurwa no kuri Internet. Mu nkuru zijyanye n'ifatwa rya Mihigo ndetse n'urubanza rwe, ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga nka [[BBC]], televiziyo [[Al Jazeera]], televiziyo [[France 24]], [[Radio France Internationale]] na Radio [[France Inter]], byagarutse kenshi kuri iyo ndirimbo, bigaragaza ko uyu muhanzi ashobora kuba yarazize amwe mu magambo ayigize. Muri iyi ndirimbo ifite iminota isaga icumi, harimo amagambo nka: " ''Jenoside yangize imfubyi, ariko ntikanyibagize abandi bantu nabo bababaye bazize urugomo rutiswe Jenoside [...] Nta rupfu rwiza rubaho, rwaba Jenoside cyangwa Intambara, uwishwe n'abihorera, uwazize impanuka cyangwa uwazize indwara, abo bavandimwe bose ndabasabira... 'Ndi umunyarwanda' ijye ibanzirizwa na 'Ndi umuntu''..." <ref name="Al Jazeera">[http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/12/11/rwanda-gospel-singerontrial.html Dissident ‘choirboy’: Rwandan gospel star on trial] - [[Al Jazeera]] (Mu Cyongereza),11 [[Ukuboza]] 2014 </ref><ref name="France24"/><ref name="France Inter">[http://www.franceinter.fr/emission-la-bas-si-jy-suis-rwanda-20-ans-un-pouvoir-autoritaire-et-alors Rwanda 20 ans, un pouvoir autoritaire ? Et alors ?...] - [[France Inter]] (Mu Gifaransa), 7 [[Gicurasi]] 2014 </ref>. === Ibyavuzwe n'abantu batandukanye nyuma y'ifungwa ry'uyu muhanzi === Nyuma y'ifatwa ry'uyu muhanzi wari uzwi nk'inshuti ikomeye y'ubutegetsi bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'umutoni wa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] , havuzwe byinshi mu itangazamakuru, abantu ku giti cyabo babivuga kwinshi, imiryango mpuzamahanga n'ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bigira icyo bitangaza. Umunyamakuru w'umubirigi [[Colette Braeckman]] yanditse ko Kizito Mihigo yafashijwe na Perezida Paul Kagame kwiga ibijyanye na Muzika mu [[Uburayi|Burayi]], avuga ko azi Kizito Mihigo ku giti cye, kandi ko atiyumvisha uburyo yakora ibyo ashinjwa<ref name="Le Soir">[http://blog.lesoir.be/colette-braeckman/2014/04/25/kizito-mihigo-chanteur-vedette-et-accuse-en-aveux/ Kizito Mihigo: Chanteur vedette et accusé en aveux] - [[Le Soir]] (Mu Gifaransa), 16 [[Mata]] 2014 </ref>,<ref name="rue">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165453/http://rue89.nouvelobs.com/note/233031 Kagamé off the record : « Il peut vous hypnotiser »] - [[Rue89]] (Mu Gifaransa), 7 Kamena 2014</ref>.Musenyeri [[Joseph André Léonard]] umushumba wa Arikidiyosezi ya [[Buruseri]] nawe yavuze ko yatunguwe cyane no kuba Kizito Mihigo yarafashwe nk'umugizi wa nabi. Ati: "Bibeshye ku muntu, jyewe sinshobora kubona muri Kizito Mihigo umuntu wagirira nabi igihugu<ref name="jambo">[http://www.jambonews.net/actualites/20150730-mgr-leonard-je-ne-peux-pas-voir-en-kizito-mihigo-un-homme-qui-serait-dangereux-pour-la-societe/ Mgr Léonard : « Je ne peux pas voir en Kizito Mihigo un homme qui serait dangereux pour la société »] - Jambo News (Mu Gifaransa), 30 [[Nyakanga]] 2015 </ref>. Ikinyamakuru "The [[Huffington Post]]" cyo cyatangaje ko abenshi mu bakurikirana ifatwa n'urubanza by'uyu muhanzi, bavuga ko Kizito Mihigo yategetswe kwemera ibyaha ashinjwa no kubisabira imbabazi kugira ngo abe yarekurwa. Icyo kinyamakuru kikavuga ko n'ubwo yabyubahirije, ntacyo byamumariye kuko atarekuwe nk'uko yari abyiteze.<ref name="huff">[http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/faustin-kabanza/rwanda-le-chanteur-popula_b_8379394.html Rwanda: Le chanteur populaire Kizito Mihigo n'aura pas été libéré pour autant...] - [[Huffington Post]] (Mu Gifaransa), 27 Ukwakira 2014 </ref>. ==== Imiryango Mpuzamahanga ==== Nyuma y'ifatwa rya Kizito Mihigo n'abo bareganwa, imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye nka [[Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme]] - FIDH, [[Reporters Sans Frontières]], [[Amnesty Internationale]] na [[Human Rights Watch]] yanenze imyitwarire y'inzego z'umutekano z'u [[Rwanda]] zabanje guhisha abakekwa, mbere yo kuberekana. [[FIDH]] yavuze ko idasobanukiwe neza ifatwa rya Kizito Mihigo mu migambi yo guhungabanya umutekano kandi azwi nk'umuntu uharanira amahoro<ref name="FIDH">[http://rfi.fr/afrique/20140414-rwanda-trois-personnes-arretees-journaliste-chanteur-menace-attentat Rwanda: Trois personnes arrêtées, pour "menace" contre l'État] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 14 Mata 2014 </ref>. ==== Ibihugu ==== [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika]] n'[[Ubwongereza]], byavuze ko bihangayikishijwe n'ifatwa ry'uyu muhanzi n'abo bareganwa. [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika|Amerika]] yasabye Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] kugenera Kizito Mihigo na bagenzi be urubanza rw'intabera, kandi mu Rwanda hakubahirizwa uburenganzira bwo gutanga ibitekerezo n'ubw'itangazamakuru <ref name="USA">[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140424-rwanda-washington-preoccupe-vague-arrestations/Rwanda: Washington préoccupé par la vague d'arrestations] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 24 Mata 2014 </ref>. ===Urubanza=== Tariki ya 6 [[Ugushyingo]] 2014, nyuma yo gusubikwa inshuro ebyiri, nibwo urubanza rwa Mihigo rwatangiye. Kizito Mihigo yongeye kwemera ibyaha byose ashinjwa, avuga ko abyicuza kandi abisabira imbabazi.<ref name="RTBF">[http://www.rtbf.be/culture/musique/detail_rwanda-accuse-de-terrorisme-le-musicien-kizito-mihigo-plaide-coupable?id=8395801 Rwanda: accusé de "terrorisme", le musicien Kizito Mihigo plaide coupable] - [[RTBF]] (Mu Gifaransa), 6 [[Ugushyingo]] 2014 </ref>. Abareganwa na Kizito Mihigo, bose (uko ari batatu) baburanye bahakana ibyo baregwa, ndetse bakavuga ko bakorewe iyicarubozo<ref name="Daily Mail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-2853028/Rwandan-accused-plotting-against-regime-alleges-torture.html Rwandan accused of plotting against regime alleges torture] - [[Daily Mail]] (Mu Cyongereza), 28 Ugushyingo 2014 </ref>. ===Icyifuzo cy'ubushinjacyaha=== Muri uru rubanza, ubushinjacyaha bwasabiye Kizito Mihigo igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.<ref name="bbc"/> ===Icyemezo cy'urukiko=== Tariki ya 27 Gashyantare 2015, urukiko rukuru rwa [[Kigali]] rwakatiye uyu muhanzi igihano cy'imyaka icumi y'igifungo. Rwamuhamije ibyaha byo kugambirira kugirira nabi ubutegetsi, ariko rumukuraho icyaha cy'iterabwoba. <ref name="France24">[http://france24.com/fr/20150228-rwanda-chanteur-populaire-kizito-mihigo-condamne-a-10-ans-prison-genocide-tutsi-hutu-kagame Le chanteur rwandais Kizito Mihigo condamné à 10 ans de prison] - [[France 24]] (Mu Gifaransa), 27 Gashyantare 2015 </ref> ===Imbabazi za Perezida wa Repuburika=== Tariki ya 14 Nzeri 2018, nyuma yo kureka ikirego cy'ubujurire yari yaratanze mu rukiko rw'ikirenga, umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo yahawe imbabazi na Perezida wa Repuburika [[Paul Kagame]]. Mihigo yasohotse muri gereza ari kumwe na Madamu Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, umunyapolitiki nawe wari umaze imyaka 8 mu buroko. <ref name="Imbabazi"> [http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kizito-mihigo-na-ingabire-victoire-barekuwe Perezida Kagame yahaye imbabazi Kizito Mihigo na Ingabire Victoire] Igihe.com, [[Nzeri]] 2018</ref> ==Inyandiko shingiro== {{Reflist}} ==Imbuga zimuvuga== *[http://www.kizitomihigo.com Urubuga bwite rwa Kizito Mihigo] *[http://www.kmp.rw Urubuga rwa Fondation KMP] {{DEFAULTSORT:Mihigo, Kizito}} [[Category: Abahanzi]] [[Category: Abaririmbyi]] [[Category: Abagabo]] [[Category: Abanyarwanda]] [[Category: Abatutsi]] [[Category: Umuziki nyarwanda]] b5arhy6p4hc3llbcp8u9evb7ropdn8e 10 7843 70175 2015-08-03T23:37:31Z Flow talk page manager 5304 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki @[[User:{{{1|Example}}}|{{{2|{{{1|Example}}}}}}]] ht62w5zp7ueoczj6k5jj4tnpk907kdj 0 7846 76333 70185 2021-07-23T07:01:23Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Igisebe cy’umufunzo | Image = Buruli ulcer left ankle EID.jpg | Caption = Igisebe cy’umufunzo ku umurundi w’umurwayi wo muli Ghana. | Disease DB = 8568 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|31|1|a|30}} ([[ILDS]] A31.120) | ICD9 = {{ICD9|031.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009165 }} [[Dosiye:Wounds_0815_reyzelman_figure1-png.png|thumb|Indwara y'igisebe cy'umufunzo]] '''Indwara y’igisebe cy’umufunzo (Buruli Ulcer) ''' (izwi kandi ku izina rya '''Bairnsdale ulcer''', '''Searls ulcer''', cg '''Daintree ulcer'''<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages=340 |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 }}</ref><ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |at=Chapter 74 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lavender CJ, Senanayake SN, Fyfe JA, ''et al.'' |title=First case of ''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' disease (Bairnsdale or Buruli ulcer) acquired in New South Wales |journal=Med. J. Aust. |volume=186 |issue=2 |pages=62–3 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17223764 |url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/186_02_150107/lav10784_fm.html}}</ref>) ni [[indwara yandura ]] iterwa na mikorobe yitwa ''[[Mycobacterium ulcerans]]''.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Buruli ulcer (''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' infection) Fact sheet N°199|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=23 February 2014|date=June 2013}}</ref> Mu ntangiliro yo kuyandura hagaragara akabyimba cyangwa igice cy’umubili kibyimbye aliko bitagaragaza ububabare [[nodule (medicine)|nodule]] .<ref name=WHO2013/> Aka kabyimba gashobora kuvamo igisebe ku mubili [[Ulcer (dermatology)|ulcer]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Igisebe gishobora kuba kinini muko kinjiye mu mubili kurusha uko kigaragara ku ruhu rw'umubili, <ref name=Nak2013/> gishobora kandi gukikizwa n’ububyimbe bw’uruhu.<ref name=Nak2013/> Uko indwara igenda ikura, amagupfa ashobora kugerwaho nayo akandura..<ref name=WHO2013/> Igisebe cy’umufunzo gikunda kwanduza amaboko n’amaguru;<ref name=WHO2013/> umuliro ntukunda kugaragara.<ref name=WHO2013/> == Igitera iyi ndwara== ''M. ulcerans'' Iyi ndwara ivubura uburozi buzwi ku izina rya [[mycolactone]], bugabanya cg bugakuraho [[ubudahangarwa bw’umubili |ubudahangarwa bw’imikorere y’ibanze y’umubili]] bigakulikirwa no gupfa k’udupande tw’umubili bita [[apoptosis|death]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Udukoko two mu muryango umwe kandi dutera indwara [[y’igituntu]] n’iy’[[ibibembe]] amazina akulikira y’utwo dukoko ni (''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]'' na '' [[Mycobacterium leprae|M. leprae]]''.<ref name=WHO2013/> Uko indwara igenda ikwirakwira ntibiramenyekana neza.<ref name=WHO2013/> Amasoko y’amazi ashobora kugira uruhare mu ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara.<ref name=Nak2013/> Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013 nta rukingo rukwiliye rwali ruraboneka.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Ein2011/> ==Ivurwa ry’indwara == Iyo abantu bavuwe kare, umuti wa antibiotiki, [[antibiotic]]s uvura neza mu rwego rwa 80% nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubuvuzi akenshi bugizwe n’imiti ya [[rifampicin]] na [[streptomycin]].<ref name=WHO2013/> [[Clarithromycin]] aliko akenshi [[moxifloxacin]] niyo ikoreshwa mu mwanya wa streptomycin.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubundi buryo bwo kuyivura bugizwe no kubaga no kuvanamo ikibyimba [[Dosiye:Wound_closed_with_surgical_sutures.jpg|thumb|Uburyo bwo kuvura iyi ndwara]] [[Surgery|cutting out]] .<ref name="WHO2013" /><ref name="Siz2006">{{cite journal | author=Sizaire V, Nackers F, Comte E, Portaels F | title=''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' infection: control, diagnosis, and treatment | journal=Lancet Infect Dis |year=2006 | volume=6 | issue=5 | pages=288–296 | pmid=16631549 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70464-9 | url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473-3099(06)70464-9 }}</ref> Nyuma y’uko ubwandu bukira, igice cy’umubili nyilizina gisigarana inkovu.<ref name="Ein2011">{{cite journal |author=Einarsdottir T, Huygen K |title=Buruli ulcer |journal=Hum Vaccin |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=1198–203 |date=November 2011 |pmid=22048117 |doi=10.4161/hv.7.11.17751 |url=http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/hv/abstract.php?id=17751}}</ref> ==Ikwirakwizwa ry’ubwandu== Ibisebe by’umufunzo bikunda kuboneka mu byaro [[by’Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara ]] cyane cyane mu gihugu cya [[Cote d'Ivoire]], aliko ishobora no kuboneka muli Aziya, mu Burengerazuba bwa Pasifika ndetse n’ubwa za Amerika.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ubwandu bwagaragaye mu bihugu birenga 32.<ref name=Nak2013>{{cite journal|last=Nakanaga|first=K|author2=Yotsu, RR |author3=Hoshino, Y |author4=Suzuki, K |author5=Makino, M |author6= Ishii, N |title=Buruli ulcer and mycolactone-producing mycobacteria.|journal=Japanese journal of infectious diseases|year=2013|volume=66|issue=2|pages=83–8|pmid=23514902}}</ref> Buli mwaka haboneka ubwandu buli mu kigero kili hagati y’ibihumbi bitanu n’ibihumbi bitandatu.<ref name=WHO2013/> Iyi ndwara kandi iboneka mu mubare w’inyamaswa zitali abantu.<ref name=WHO2013/> [[Albert Ruskin Cook]] niwe wabaye uwa mbere mu gushyira ahagaragara ibisebe by’umufunzo mu mwaka wa 1897.<ref name=Nak2013/> ==Inyandiko zifashijijwe == < references /> dpo8wmb9dmn00hlaqykl6n8ub9ggljd 0 7847 76505 76346 2021-07-27T10:12:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibeho''' ni umwe mu mirenge y'akarere ka [[Nyaruguru]] mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]].[[File:Kiriziya ya Kibeho.jpg|thumb|Kiriziya ya Kibeho]] I Kibeho hazwi kubera ibonekerwa rya Bikira Mariya ryahabaye kuva mu mwaka wa 1981 kugeza [[Dosiye:KIBEHO_Yezu_nyirimpuhwe.jpg|thumb|KIBEHO Yezu nyirimpuhwe]] muwa 1989. [[Dosiye:KIBEHO.jpg|thumb|Kibeho ]] 1av855wa6n6dix4zufcvr534na5fll9 0 7850 77417 70436 2021-08-10T02:47:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> <img src="pics/SAM.JPG"> </gallery> [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda headquarters.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|UR]] Mutuyimana sam ni umunyeshuli mu cyahoze ari kaminuza nkuru y'urwanda akaba yarabonye izuba kuwa 07 ukwakira 1994 avukira mu gihugu cya repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya congo nyuma yaho gato sam yaje kugarukana n'ababyeyibe mu gihugu cye aricyo rwanda muwi 1998 sam akaba yaratangiye amashuli ya primaire mu mwaka w 2000 yiga muri kigali kukigo cyitwa école primaire de kagugu urebye nibyo sam ubu araho ameze bon mwxesuvq4npdm4tyvp5y8q0p4q03k7m 0 7852 70221 2015-09-06T12:19:26Z Cekli829 859 Cekli829 moved page [[Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govharaga]] to [[Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govhar aga]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govhar aga]] pz21jhzj4m26m923tir50ywebyvslyh 14 7853 70224 2015-09-06T12:22:23Z Cekli829 859 Created page with "[[Category:Azeribayijani]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Azeribayijani]] 3x4naqbnqgbeh3w1l5kutlechjs5t8u 10 7854 70225 2015-09-06T12:24:54Z Cekli829 859 Redirected page to [[Template:Commonscat]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Commonscat]] mdztqqpj08vucnq5snse86vrjp1l212 0 7855 78109 77460 2021-08-21T01:45:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruins of the Govheraga Mosque, XVIII c..jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Umusigiti wa Ashaghi Govhar aga</font>]] [[Dosiye:Shusha – Ashagi Govhar Agha mosque – minaret 4.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa '''Ashaghi Govhar aga''']] '''Umusigiti wa Ashaghi Govhar aga''' (izina mu [[kinyazeribayijani]]: ''Aşağı Gövhər ağa məscidi'') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[Shusha]] muri [[Azeribayijani]]. <gallery> Shushi071.JPG|2010 Stamps of Azerbaijan, 2014-1183.jpg|2014 </gallery> *[[Umusigiti wa Yukhari Govhar aga]] ==Imiyoboro== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706131414/http://www.azermarka.az/en/search.php?misc=search&subaction=showfull&id=1130930823&archive=&cnshow=news&ucat=13&start_from=& Marks depicting Azerbaijani mosques, Govhar Agha among them] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190517121728/http://shusha.az/susa-rayonun-%C9%99razisi-v%C9%99-t%C9%99bii-ehtiyatlari/ Şuşa rayonunun ərazisi və təbii sərvətləri, tarixi və memarlıq abidələri.] *{{cite news |title=Нагорный Карабах глазами москвичей. Мечеть Ашагы или Нижняя Говхар-аги. |author= |url=http://wild-hedgehogs.livejournal.com/248170.html?thread=3065706 |publisher=wild-hedgehogs.livejournal.com |date=2009-07-20 |accessdate=2015-04-19 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419085755/http://wild-hedgehogs.livejournal.com/248170.html?thread=3065706 |archivedate=2015-04-19}} *Мешедиханым Неймет, доктор наук, член-корр. НАН Азербайджана [http://www.anl.az/el/q/qarabag_4/q-22.htm Эпиграфические памятники Карабаха] {{commons category|Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque}} [[Category:Imisigiti y’Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Shusha]] 5thlit44a1k1mr7fwldj4hn41s48jq5 0 7856 82983 76242 2022-05-06T08:33:08Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] ftz76008dxtnia79po407dto3dkjkbi 10 7859 70257 2015-10-02T20:10:22Z Flow talk page manager 5304 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This post by {{{author}}} was moved on {{{date}}}. You can find it at [[{{{title}}}]]. e5j16chw2130kmdotptl65jvxa6lw5w 10 7860 70258 2015-10-02T20:10:22Z Flow talk page manager 5304 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki Previous page history was archived for backup purposes at <span class='flow-link-to-archive'>[[{{{archive}}}]]</span> on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}. njhr9sbh7lx81p2xfwikn7amdd3n1zn 10 7861 70259 2015-10-02T20:10:22Z Flow talk page manager 5304 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This page is an archived LiquidThreads page. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from}}}|current talk page]]. nigyidinm7czjt0s9dq851dwhckapia 10 7862 70260 2015-10-02T20:10:22Z Flow talk page manager 5304 /* Automatically created by Flow */ wikitext text/x-wiki This revision was imported from LiquidThreads with a suppressed user. 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Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from|{{TALKSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|current talk page]]. hd1xxik7k0u7gcb9oq9ddgh20zmhpy4 0 7873 76265 70701 2021-07-21T19:09:57Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cannabis sativa plant (4).JPG|thumb|470x470px|Urumogi]] Ikiyobyabwenge cy'urumogi. Igiti cyo mu bwoko bwa cannabis sativa {{stub}} rlbo1mnq3nxltr79ot46pv0cd486bff 4 7874 70333 2015-11-25T15:45:55Z 永続繁栄 5482 Created page with "'''Asia Month''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you join us? If..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Asia Month''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you join us? If you are interested, please sign [[/participants|this page]]. If you want to be local organizer, please sign below. Cf. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month]] [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month]] == Organizers == 85wtrl9in7u3m5hvdlan5yis9n15hxz 4 7875 70334 2015-11-25T15:46:44Z 永続繁栄 5482 Created page with "--~~~~" wikitext text/x-wiki --[[User:永続繁栄|永続繁栄]] ([[User talk:永続繁栄|talk]]) 15:46, 25 November 2015 (UTC) 4x03b2k78jznfsoe0ktqfdw4u48spmr 0 7877 78326 70382 2021-08-24T02:35:55Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''{{PAGENAME}}'''</big></big><br />''Łobez'' |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:POL Łobez COA.svg|100px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Łobez-Polska.png|right|100px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Lobez main street.jpg|250px]] |} '''Łobez''' (ˈyːtɐzən) ni umujyi w'u [[Polonye]]. Abaturage 10,409<ref>Główny Urząd Statystyczny, dane za rok 2015, stan na 01.01.2015.[http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2015-r-,7,12.html]</ref>. == Abaturage == <timeline> ImageSize = width:420 height:320 PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late Colors = id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9) id:linegrey value:gray(0.7) id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8) id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:11000 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:11000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2 PlotData = color:cobar width:20 align:center bar:1680 from:0 till:800 bar:1740 from:0 till:1191 bar:1749 from:0 till:1339 bar:1831 from:0 till:2443 bar:1861 from:0 till:4756 bar:1895 from:0 till:5187 bar:1925 from:0 till:5994 bar:1933 from:0 till:6947 bar:1939 from:0 till:7310 bar:1945 from:0 till:1710 bar:1946 from:0 till:4144 bar:1957 from:0 till:6026 bar:1970 from:0 till:7355 bar:1990 from:0 till:10953 PlotData= textcolor:black fontsize:S bar:1680 at: 800 text: 0,8 shift:(0) bar:1740 at: 1191 text: 1,2 shift:(0) bar:1749 at: 1339 text: 1,3 shift:(0) bar:1831 at: 2443 text: 2,4 shift:(0) bar:1861 at: 4756 text: 4,8 shift:(0) bar:1895 at: 5187 text: 5,2 shift:(0) bar:1925 at: 5994 text: 6 shift:(0) bar:1933 at: 6947 text: 7 shift:(0) bar:1939 at: 7310 text: 7,3 shift:(0) bar:1945 at: 1710 text: 1,7 shift:(0) bar:1946 at: 4144 text: 4,1 shift:(0) bar:1957 at: 6026 text: 6 shift:(0) bar:1970 at: 7355 text: 7,4 shift:(0) bar:1990 at: 10953 text:11 shift:(0) </timeline> [[Dosiye:Łobez - centrum.JPG|center|thumb|520x520px|lobez]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.lobez.pl Łobez] * [http://www.bip.lobez.pl/ BIP Łobez] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPWlmToO5FY/ Łobez - You Tube] {{commons|Łobez}} [[Category:Polonye]] 909vm62abv1bcmy91hfpepwzfae8xge 14 7878 70589 70339 2016-07-10T13:01:30Z 91.197.junr3170 5503 -: [[Template:Commons]]; +: [[Template:Commonscat]] [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Uburayi]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat}} [[Category:Ibihugu]] [[Category:Uburayi]] oyorixo4r0y48db1zobfovrimdtqsjc 0 7893 81313 77836 2022-01-02T05:17:23Z 105.178.116.212 wikitext text/x-wiki Rafiki Felicien bakunze kwita Kabenga yavutse tariki 20/08/1984, yavukiye mu karere ka Burera umurenge wa Butaro kagari ka Mubuga, avuka kubabyeyi bitwa Rwagishenga Felix na Nyirabasigariye Esther ariko niwe wanyonkeje ncutse nza kurerwa na mukadata utarabyaraga witwa Ntamakubuko Ansille ari nawe wandeze kugeza nkuze , amashuri abanza ya yatangiriye mu ishuri ribanza rya Kanyundo mu karere ka Rubavu umurenge wa Mudende mu mwaka w'1990 ubwo bari mu buhungiro mu gihe cy'intambara intambara ibaye nk'icogora yakomeje kwiga mu ishuri ribanza rya Nanga mu karere ka Nyabihu umurenge wa Kintobo. Ubwo Jenosiye yabaga mu Rwanda yari afite imyaka 10 y'ubukuri bahunga berekeza muri Congo aho babaga mu nkambi ya Kibumba akomerezaho amashuri ye mu ishuri rya CARITAS KIBUMBA II aho mumwaka w' 1996 batahutse mukivunge basubira Butaro akomereza amashuri ye ku ishuri ribanza rya Kabyaza mu murenge wa Butaro akarere ka Burera ari naho baje gutura, mu mwaka w'2000 nibwo yarangije amashuri abanza akomereza ikiciro rusange mu ishuri ry' Inshuti CGFB (College George Fox de Butaro)ok [[Dosiye:Lac Burera.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|kivu]] huo18qq08jdduoj9b6l6u88v6spg5hs 0 7894 79326 78993 2021-08-31T21:51:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:学诚大和尚.png|thumbnail]] [[Dosiye:Zhang_Xuecheng.jpg|thumb|Zhang Xuecheng]] [[Dosiye:ChinaZaozhuangXuecheng.png|thumb|ikarita ya Xuecheng ]] Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng yavutse mu mwaka w’ 1966 ahitwa Xianyou mu ntara ya Fujian<ref>Shi, Huikong. ''Stories of Ven. Master Xuecheng''. [S.l.: s.n.]. <small><nowiki>ISBN 978-7-5047-4151-6</nowiki></small></ref><ref>[http://english.cntv.cn/program/cultureexpress/20120307/107669.shtml "Modern Abbot promotes Buddhism with microblog"], CCTV.com English, July 3, 2012.</ref><ref>Tang Yuankai, [http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/society/2013-03/14/content_527227.htm "New Tech Promotes an Old Religion"], ''China Today'', March 14, 2013.</ref><ref>Ling Haicheng, ''Buddhism in China'' (2004), pp. 182-183. </ref>. Yinjiye mu rusengero mu 1982, agirwa unusaseridoti n’umushumba Dinghai aba intumwa y’umushumba mukuru Yuanzhuo. Yabonye impamya bumenyi y’ikirenga mu ishuri ry’Akademi ya Buda mu Bushinwa mu w’1991 hanyuma yongera kubona impamya bumenyi ya doctora Honoris Caura mu bumenyi imitegekere mu burezi muri kaminuza ya Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya mu gihugu cya Tayilandi mu mwaka wa 2007. Yabonye igihembo cya zahabu y’amahoro cy’Atish Dipankar muri Bangladesh mu mwaka wa 2010 ahabwa izina izina rya Docteur wa Tripitaka n’inama ya ba Bhikhshus na Sanghas y’Abahinde mu mwaka wa 2011. Ubu Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng Umushumba mukuru Xuecheng ni umwe mu bagize inama ngenzura mikorere ya politike ya komite ya Repubulika y’Abaturage b’Abashinwa,akaba uwungirije umuyobozi mukuru wa 11 bagize inama nkuru y’urubyiruko rw’Abashinwa. Akaba sokereteri generali w’inama ya gatatu y’Aabashinwa y’iyobikamana n’amahoro, umuyobozi wungirije w’Akademi y’Ababudisite y’Abashinwa akaba umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuli rikuru ry’ubushakashatsi mu bumenyamuntu n’iyobokamana mu ishuli rikuru nderabarezi rya Beijing akaba umushumba mukuru mu rusengero rwa Guanhua (Putian, mu ntara ya Fujian), w’urusengero rwa Famen Fufeng, intara ya Shaanxi aka n’umushumba mukuru w’urusengero rwa Longquan muri (Beijing) [[Dosiye:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|china]] == References == ekf6awqph1fwxwqkc3311ek9v0wqkj3 0 7896 77703 70388 2021-08-15T12:35:17Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyagatare_District_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Mimuli numwe mu mirenge 14 igize akarere ka Nyagatare ]] [[Dosiye:Climbing_beans9_lo_(4108181011).jpg|thumb|Abaturage batuye muri uyu murenge wa Mimuli batunzwe n'imirimo y'ubuhinzi cyane ubw'ibishyimbo n'ibitoki.]] Umurenge wa Mumuli uherereye mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu gice cyahoze muri Komini Ngarama. oy1ftb6gxdlyni172oayt0sa5nqavby 828 7900 83919 71800 2022-05-19T03:59:35Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:TableTools Scribunto text/plain ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TableTools -- -- -- -- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. -- -- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not -- -- be called directly from #invoke. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local p = {} -- Define often-used variables and functions. local floor = math.floor local infinity = math.huge local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isPositiveInteger -- -- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false -- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is -- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the -- hash part of a table. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isPositiveInteger(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isNan -- -- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false if -- not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful -- for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will generate an -- error if a NaN is used as a table key. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isNan(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v ~= v end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- shallowClone -- -- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all -- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned -- table will have no metatable of its own. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.shallowClone(t) checkType('shallowClone', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do ret[k] = v end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- removeDuplicates -- -- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are -- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are -- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.removeDuplicates(arr) checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, arr, 'table') local isNan = p.isNan local ret, exists = {}, {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if isNan(v) then -- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence. ret[#ret + 1] = v else if not exists[v] then ret[#ret + 1] = v exists[v] = true end end end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numKeys -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical -- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numKeys(t) checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table') local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if isPositiveInteger(k) then nums[#nums + 1] = k end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- affixNums -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the -- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table -- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will return -- {1, 3, 6}. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table') checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true) checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true) local function cleanPattern(s) -- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally. return s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1') end prefix = prefix or '' suffix = suffix or '' prefix = cleanPattern(prefix) suffix = cleanPattern(suffix) local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if type(k) == 'string' then local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numData -- -- Given a table with keys like {"foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"}, returns a table -- of subtables in the format -- {[1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'}}. -- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". The -- compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numData(t, compress) checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table') checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true) local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$') if num then num = tonumber(num) local subtable = ret[num] or {} if prefix == '' then -- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead. prefix = 1 end subtable[prefix] = v ret[num] = subtable else local subtable = ret.other or {} subtable[k] = v ret.other = subtable end end if compress then local other = ret.other ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret) ret.other = other end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- compressSparseArray -- -- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values -- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.compressSparseArray(t) checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} local nums = p.numKeys(t) for _, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = t[num] end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseIpairs -- -- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can -- handle nil values. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseIpairs(t) checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table') local nums = p.numKeys(t) local i = 0 local lim = #nums return function () i = i + 1 if i <= lim then local key = nums[i] return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- size -- -- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays, -- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.size(t) checkType('size', 1, t, 'table') local i = 0 for _ in pairs(t) do i = i + 1 end return i end local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2) -- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings. local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2) if type1 ~= type2 then return type1 < type2 elseif type1 == 'table' or type1 == 'boolean' or type1 == 'function' then return tostring(item1) < tostring(item2) else return item1 < item2 end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- keysToList -- -- Returns an array of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default -- comparison function or a custom keySort function. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) if not checked then checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table') checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, {'function', 'boolean', 'nil'}) end local arr = {} local index = 1 for k in pairs(t) do arr[index] = k index = index + 1 end if keySort ~= false then keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort table.sort(arr, keySort) end return arr end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sortedPairs -- -- Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function. -- If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort) checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table') checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true) local arr = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true) local i = 0 return function () i = i + 1 local key = arr[i] if key ~= nil then return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArray -- -- Returns true if the given value is a table and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArray(v) if type(v) ~= 'table' then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArrayLike -- -- Returns true if the given value is iterable and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArrayLike(v) if not pcall(pairs, v) then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- invert -- -- Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = 1, b = 2, c = 3}. Duplicates are not supported (result values refer to -- the index of the last duplicate) and NaN values are ignored. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.invert(arr) checkType("invert", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then map[v] = i end end return map end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- listToSet -- -- Creates a set from the array part of the table. Indexing the set by any of the -- values of the array returns true. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = true, b = true, c = true}. NaN values are ignored as Lua considers them -- never equal to any value (including other NaNs or even themselves). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.listToSet(arr) checkType("listToSet", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local set = {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then set[v] = true end end return set end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- deepCopy -- -- Recursive deep copy function. Preserves identities of subtables. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen) -- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table. already_seen = already_seen or {} local copy = already_seen[orig] if copy ~= nil then return copy end if type(orig) == 'table' then copy = {} for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do copy[_deepCopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = _deepCopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen) end already_seen[orig] = copy if includeMetatable then local mt = getmetatable(orig) if mt ~= nil then local mt_copy = _deepCopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen) setmetatable(copy, mt_copy) already_seen[mt] = mt_copy end end else -- number, string, boolean, etc copy = orig end return copy end function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen) checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true) return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseConcat -- -- Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order. -- sparseConcat{a, nil, c, d} => "acd" -- sparseConcat{nil, b, c, d} => "bcd" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) local arr = {} local arr_i = 0 for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do arr_i = arr_i + 1 arr[arr_i] = v end return table.concat(arr, sep, i, j) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- length -- -- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such as "data1", -- "data2", etc., using an exponential search algorithm. It is similar to the -- operator #, but may return a different value when there are gaps in the array -- portion of the table. Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For -- other tables, use #. -- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of the number -- of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for frame.args. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.length(t, prefix) -- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponential search]] which is -- only needed by this one function doesn't get millions of transclusions local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search") checkType('length', 1, t, 'table') checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true) return expSearch(function (i) local key if prefix then key = prefix .. tostring(i) else key = i end return t[key] ~= nil end) or 0 end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- inArray -- -- Returns true if valueToFind is a member of the array, and false otherwise. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind) checkType("inArray", 1, arr, "table") -- if valueToFind is nil, error? for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if v == valueToFind then return true end end return false end return p 0z6y1iz1ggzcjp1rhkrrhgprosuh475 0 7913 73892 71365 2020-11-09T13:03:10Z 78.12.36.23 /* Warszawa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''{{PAGENAME}}'''</big></big>(Semper invicta) |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Coat of arms of Warsaw.svg|100px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:POL Warszawa map.svg|right|100px]] |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Warsaw montage.JPG|250px]] |} [[File:Warsaw Old Town 1945.jpg|thumb|300px|Warszawa (1945)]] '''Warszawa''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w'[[Polonye]]. Ituwe n'abaturage miliyoni 1,7<ref>GUS 2015[http://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2015-r-,7,12.html]</ref> . == Abaturage == <timeline> ImageSize = width:420 height:320 PlotArea = left:50 right:20 top:25 bottom:30 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late Colors = id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9) id:linegrey value:gray(0.7) id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8) id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:2000000 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:500000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2 PlotData = color:cobar width:20 align:center bar:1500 from:0 till:6500 bar:1624 from:0 till:48000 bar:1800 from:0 till:63400 bar:1939 from:0 till:1289000 bar:1945 from:0 till:422000 bar:1960 from:0 till:1139189 bar:2000 from:0 till:1610471 bar:2014 from:0 till:1735442 PlotData= textcolor:black fontsize:S bar:1500 at: 6500 text: 6500 shift:(0) bar:1624 at: 48000 text: 48000 shift:(0) bar:1800 at: 63400 text: 63400 shift:(0) bar:1939 at: 1289000 text: 1289000 shift:(0) bar:1945 at: 422000 text: 422000 shift:(0) bar:1960 at: 1139189 text: 1139189 shift:(0) bar:2000 at: 1610471 text: 1610471 shift:(0) bar:2014 at: 1735442 text: 1735442 shift:(0) </timeline> == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.um.warszawa.pl ''www.um.warszawa.pl/''] {{commons|Warszawa}} [[Category:Polonye]] [[Category:Imirwa]] soe3eqnvxy9rweybcrf6n286ue0esad 0 7914 77708 70459 2021-08-15T14:32:19Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sonatube_round_about,_Kigali,_Kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Sonatube round about, Kigali, Kicukiro]] [[Dosiye:KicukiroDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Niboyi ubarizwa mu akarere ka Kicukiro]] Umurenge wa Niboye ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Kicukiro! Uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa Kicukiro ndetse n'umurenge wa Kanombe igize akarere ka Kicukiro, ndetse n'umurenge wa Remera uri mu karere ka Gasabo. cu67mkjbpxu5s1wjc9prkcdvw4pfme4 0 7916 77845 71070 2021-08-18T01:23:49Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' ni umujyi w'u [[Burezile]]. [[Dosiye:Brasil flag icon.png|center|thumb|320x320px|Brasil]] [[Category:Imijyi y’u Burezile]] [[Category:Burezile]] s93hm0t1m6nsc7vjxqiyrct7jtkz1an 0 7920 77743 77120 2021-08-15T16:59:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wikipedia logo for dark screens.png|thumb|internet]] [[Dosiye:Irbene_RT32_radiotelescope,_Ventspils_2008.jpg|thumb|irebenet.com ni website yakorewe mu rwanda kandi ikaba inatangaza inkuru ziri mu kinyarwanda]] '''irebenet.com''' ni website yakorewe mu rwanda kandi ikaba inatangaza inkuru ziri mu kinyarwanda. iyi website yakozwe numuntu bita Niyitanga Jean muri bibiri na cumi na gatanu (2015). irebenet.com ni website yubatswe ku buryo bugoye kuko yatangiye gukorwa na Niyitanga wenyine.gusa yaje kunjyenda yongeramo abakozi bitewe nuko yari afite akazi kenshi ko gukora; kuko uko bwije nuko bukeye niko icyari igitekerezo cyo kwandika inkuru; cyagiye cyaguka atangira gukora online marketing; nyuma nko mu mwaka w2017 yaje gukora sistemu ya kaminuza yigagamo(university of Rwanda nyarugenge campus) y'itumanaho;nyuma yaho gato mu ntangiriro zumwaka w2018 nibwo yaje gukora indi system yo kwamamaza akoresheje imikino ikinirwa ku mafoto, akaba ari nawe wahanze ubu buryo bwo kwamamaza ku isi yose. mu mwaka w2015 yigaga mu mwaka wa 5 mu mashuli yisumbuye mu ishami rya MPC mu kigo kiba i kanombe mu mugi wa kigali cyitwa efotec;akaba ari nabwo yashyize hanze urubuga rwe; yaje kurangiza mu w2016, atsinda neza kuburyo bamuhauye buruse yo kwiga muri kaminuza muri 2017/2018. rbiuh7p9pyjposuf061j9jlehhb8qgh 0 7921 77892 70486 2021-08-18T11:06:49Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|Niyitanga Jean avuka mu karere ka Musanze.]] Niyitanga Jean uzwi ku izina rya The great sophisticated cyagwa kuri best in perfects. akaba yaravutse mu mwaka w1999, akaba ari umwana wa gatandatu mu muryango wabana 12 avukana nabo. akaba abana n'ababyeyi be mu mugi wa musanze rwagati akaba ari naho yabarizwaga mbere yo mu mwaka wa 2017. #aho yize. #irebenet.com 1zyxf6ip1sy5jbns9ide0g2tc95v0q2 0 7923 76353 70526 2021-07-23T18:33:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Openstax college-physics 22.3 various-magnets.jpg|thumb|rukuruzi]] '''Rukuruzi''' ni imbaraga ziri munda yi isi {gravitetion force} zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura buri kintu bitewe ni ibiro gifite [mass] kugirango kigaruke kubutaka iyo gihanuka cyangwa gisimbuka. .~"G.J.B"~. 1sw5164fxtqk1hhlx8qwpkwo5wzx68a 0 7926 78063 77890 2021-08-20T10:19:04Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Valery Leontiev at Laima Rendez Vous Jurmala 2017 (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|346x346px|Valery Leontiev]] [[Dosiye:Valery-Leontiev1_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Valery-Leontiev]] '''Valery Leontiev''' cyangwa '''Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev''' (19 [[Werurwe]], [[1949]], [[Uburusiya]]). == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.leontiev.ru www.leontiev.ru] [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] rknfimotbxakrqpedf8dr2y71otq9ly 0 7934 70524 2016-05-12T18:09:12Z Holder 1499 Holder moved page [[Www.irebenet.com]] to [[Irebenet.com]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Irebenet.com]] jmt4qts5rviltouil2tv3xjsac40lcw 0 7938 77733 70696 2021-08-15T16:24:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oesophagus09.jpg|thumb|Umwingo n'indwara ifata mu ijosi (Oesophagus)]] umwingo n'indrwara ifata mw'ijosi {{stub}} qgvcedxz197puma9h35w2udk9wy7xl5 0 7940 81287 77539 2021-12-19T03:29:51Z 41.138.84.151 Valuable news you may know on Jali mountain wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa jali ni umurenge ufite ubwiza Nyaburanga Niho honyine ushobora kuba uhagaze ukaba witegeye ingoni zose zigize umujyi wa Kigali aho buri gice cy'umujyi wa Kigali uba urimo kukireba neza , kandi ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize akarere ka Gasabo ukaba ufite utugari dukurikira: Nyaburiba; Agateko; Nyamitanga; Nkusi ; Buhiza; Muko. uyu murenge ukaba ufite ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye nka Amashuri [[File:Jabana mount.jpg|thumb|Jabana mount]] nka GS Rubingo . GS Gihogwe. GSS(Gihogwe Secondary school);Amavuriro; Ibigo bya Gisirikari etc Done by Gusenga Dieudonne for more information call on 0722631324/ +250788221168 a4sxjas2bre9x45vntvjaocl3xdpmht 0 7944 77112 74340 2021-08-07T08:38:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Faisal_Al_Saud_at_the_UN_meeting.jpg|thumb|207x207px|Umwami Faisal Al Saud ]] '''Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud''' ({{lang-ar|فيصل&#32;بن&#32;عبدالعزيز&#32;آل&#32;سعود}} ''{{transl|ar|Fayṣal ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Su‘ūd}}''; 14 Mara 1906 – 25 Werurwe 1975) yari umwami wa [[Arabiya Sawudite]] guhera itariki ebyiri (2) z' ukwezi kwa cumi na kumwe (11) mu 1964 kugeza kuri makumyabiri n' eshanu (25) Werurwe (ukwezi kwa gatatu) mu 1975. Yakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye mu kuzamura imibereho myiza y' Abanyafurika harimo n' ibitaro bikomeye biri mu Rwanda byaje kumwitirirwa. [[Category:Arabiya Sawudite]] k1nsss8o5d4bqnb5ndcboo79r4e5jeb 0 7946 78582 77597 2021-08-25T09:20:19Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:مسجد امام حسن عسگری.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Imam Hassan]] [[Dosiye:مسجد امام حسن عسگری قم 03.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Imam Hassan]] '''Umusigiti wa Imam Hasan''' (izina mu [[kinyaperisi]]: '''مسجد امام حسن''') ni [[umusigiti]] i [[mashhad]] mu [[Dosiye:مسجد_امام_حسن_عسگری_قم_01.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Imam Hasan]] ri [[Irani]]. [[Category:Imisigiti y’Irani]] rpifk1crrwvqswo29su52g5snj9za65 0 7990 77705 70656 2021-08-15T12:49:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Musanze Musanze kaboneka mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Musanze_(Ruhengeri),_2018.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Muhoza uherereye mu mujyi wa Musanze (Ruhengeri), mu intara y'amajyaruguru]] [[Dosiye:Musanze's_Volcano_(46355800961).jpg|thumb|Aka karere ka musanze kamenyerewe mo ibirunga byinshi n'ubuhinzi bw'ibirayi]] Umurenge wa muhoza ukaba ari Umurenge urimo ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka musanze, akaba ari naho umugi uri byumwihariko. . . . . 9tqkc9buqm37qe3r8iv8yt4jm127tlq 0 7996 82342 79091 2022-03-25T04:59:49Z Kwamikagami 2331 wikitext text/x-wiki PART I Umubumbe wa Mars (ikimenyetso: [[file:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♂]]) ni umwe mu icyenda igaragiye izuba ukaba wegeranye n’uwacu w’isi. Ni umubumbe wa kane uvuye ku izuba, kandi ukaba umubumbe wa kabiri muto nyuma ya Mercury. Mu cyongereza bawita "Roman God of War",(Kinyarwanda: Imana y'Intambara y'Abaromani), Bawita kandi "Umubumbe Utukura" kubera ibara ryawo ritukura rigaragarira amaso ya muntu Ntabindi bikoresho byifashishijwe. [[File:OSIRIS_Mars_true_color.jpg|thumb|right|Umubumbe wa Mars]] [[File:Mars_Hubble.jpg|thumb|Mars ]] [[Dosiye:TerraformedMarsGlobeRealistic.jpg|thumb|Umubumbe wa Mars]] Mars kandi, Niho cumbi rya Olympus Mons, Ikirunga Kinini cyane kurusha ibindi kandi kikaba n'Umusozi wa kabiri muremure cyane Muri Sisiteme y'Izuba. Kuri Mars haba Ukwezi kwa Phobos n'ukwa Deimos. Phobos na Deimos n'Amezi abiri afite ishusho nto kandi Itaringaniye, Bishoboka ko yombi (Phobos na Deimos), Akomoka ku ma Asteroids yafashwe kuri Mars nkuko byagenze kuri 5261 Eureka, Trojan yo kuri Mars. Abahanga bakaba bemeza ko ushobora Kubaho ubuzima ugereranyinje n’indi mibumbe yose igaragiye izuba, ukuyemo isi tubona. Ibyo bikaba bitanga icyizere cyo kubayo. 25lzyup19vbr1gc85zulxuj841edshb 0 7998 77131 70750 2021-08-08T01:12:10Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Open bible isaiah.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|bibiliya]] '''ITANGIRIRO''' <font color="green">iki gitabo ni icyambere mubitabo bigize Bibiliya yera kikaba kigaragaza urukundo rw'imana yacu<\font><\br>''Itangiriro nikimwe mubitabo byanditswe na Mose'' Ubwo yari ari mubutayu,iki gitabo nanone kigizwe nibice 50(chapters)<ref>Ikigitabo ahanini kiratwereka iremwa ry'isi n'ijuru nibyuzuyemo urugero:itangiriro igice 1,hakagaragara inkomoko y'icyaha aho tubonamo Adam na Eva barya kwitunda imana yari yarababujije gusa satani yaje yitwikiriye umubiri wi nzoka arabashuka, kandi nanone ntacyo twakora kubyabaye gusa ukomeje ugasoma bibiliya urabona ko kwiherezo rya byose abera tuzajyanwa yerusaremu kandi nubwo twahura nibituvuna jya witegereza amagambo yanditswe mugitabo cya Yobu uko yageragejwe nyuma agatsinda akabaho neza natwe niko tugomba kwitwara tukaba ibisonga bishimwa n'imana Murakoze.</ref> li5n5y5ivpv240n7strggkzqy3kpk4t 0 7999 80687 79547 2021-11-21T23:19:46Z Martin Urbanec 5897 Undo revision 79547 by [[Special:Contributions/195.213.11.229|195.213.11.229]] ([[User talk:195.213.11.229|talk]]); no reason given wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Virusi itera SIDA|causes=[[Virusi Itera SIDA]] (HIV)<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|frequency=Miliyoni 1.7 z'abanduye bashya (2018)<ref name=UN2018/><br />Miliyoni 37.9 zabantu babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>|prognosis=Kubaho nk'abandi bantu bazima iyo wisuzumishije ugafata n'imiti igabanya ubukana<ref name=CDC21015Bas/><ref name=UN2012Vac/><br />Imyaka 11 yo kubaho iyo umuntu adafata imiti<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>|medication=|treatment=[[Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ubuvuzi bwayo]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|prevention=[[Imibonano ikingiye]], [[gusangira inshinge]], [[gusilamura]], [[imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA mbere yo gukeka ko wayandujwe - prophylaxis]], [[imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA nyuma yo gukeka ko wayandujwe prophylaxis]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|differential=|diagnosis=Gusuzuma no gupima amaraso<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|risks=Kwandura biciye mu maraso, amashereka n'imibonano <ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|duration=Ubuzima buramba<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|image=Red_Ribbon.svg|onset=|complications=[[Indwara z'ibyuririzi]]s, [[ibibyimba]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|symptoms='''Mu ikubitiro''': Kurwaragurika bisa nk'ibicurani bihoraho<ref name=WHO2015Fact/><br />'''Nyuma''': [[kwaguka kutunyabuzima turinda indwara mu mubiri tubyimba mu myanya yo mu mabinga no mu kwaha]], guhinda umuriro nkurwaye umushwiza, guta ibiro byinshi mu buryo butunguranye<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|synonyms=Indwara ya SIDA, ubwandu bw'agakoko gatera SIDA<ref name=AIDS2010GOV/><ref name=AETC-staging>{{cite web |title=HIV Classification: Sisiteme za CDC na WHO {{!}} Imfasha nyigisho ku ndwara ya SIDA n'ibigo by'amahugura ndetse nibigo ku rwego rw'igihugu bihuza ibikorwa ku makuru ajyanye nabyo(AETC NCRC) |url=https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |website=aidsetc.org |publisher=Gahunda y'imfasha nyigisho namasomo ku ndwara ya SIDA n'ibigo by'amahugura |access-date=September 10, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018065658/https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>|field=[[Indwara zandura (ubuvuzi bwihariye)|Indwara zandura]], [[Ubumenyi bujyanye n'ubudahangarwa bwo mu muburi]]|alt=Riba itukura ihinnye nk'umuheto|caption=<nowiki>The [riba itukura#ikimenyetso cyo gushishikariza no kumenyekekanisha cy'umwimerera ku ndwara ya SIDA|riba itukura]] ni </nowiki>[[ikimenyetso kigamije gushishikariza no kumenyekanisha #ikimenyetso cyo gushishikariza no kumenyekekanisha cy'umwimerera ku ndwara ya SIDA|riba itukura|ikimenyetsol]] cyo kugaragaza [[ubufatanye nishyaka]] hamwe [[n'abanduye SIDA]] ndetse n'ababana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambara Riba yawe itukura kuri uyu munsi wo kwizihiza umunsi wa Virusi Itera SIDA {{!}} UNAIDS |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |website=www.unaids.org |publisher=UNAIDS Secretariat |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221331/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>|image_size=220px|deaths=770,000 (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>}} == Iriburiro kuri Virusi Itera SIDA == Virusi itera SIDA ni agakoko kambura umubiri ubudahangarwa. Virusi ya SIDA ica umubiri intege ikawambura ubudahangarwa maze igatera ubwandu bw’indwara. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare Virusi itera SIDA itera indwara zitandukanye bikarangwa no gucika intege k’umubiri ku buryo uba utakibasha guhangana n’indwara ari nabwo umurwayi bivugwa ko arwaye SIDA. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA iyo nta miti bafata igabanya ubukana bwayo bashobora kumara imyaka itatu gusa. Iyo umuntu yanduye virusi itera SIDA afashwe n’izindi ndwara z'ibyuririzi kandi nta miti igabanya ubukana anywa, icyizere cy’ubuzima ni umwaka umwe. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA baba bagomba gufata imiti kugira ngo bakumire gupfa vuba. Nyuma yo kwandura kwambere umuntu ashobora kutabona ibimenyetso byayo, cyangwa ashobora guhura nigihe gito cyindwara zimeze nk'ibicurane (grippe). Ubusanzwe, ibi bikurikirwa nigihe kirekire nta bimenyetso byigaragaza. Iyo ubwandu bugenda bwiyongera mu mubiri, bubangamira cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zisanzwe nk'igituntu, kimwe n'izindi ndwara zibasira umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ibibyimba bitamenyerewe ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa buhagije mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bimenyetso byigaragaza nyuma yaho ari nabyo bikomeye nibyo bituma umurwayi bivugwa ko yanduye SIDA kenshi bigaragazwa cyane no gutakaza ibiro byinshi kuburyo bugaragarira ijisho. Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo n'ibikorwa byo gutingana bashyira ibitsina mu kibuno nababishyira mu kanwa ku bahuje ibitsina), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zikoreshwa kwa muganga batera imiti mu mubiri w'umurwayi, umubyeyi utwite akaba yayanduza umwana atwite iyo adafashe imiti ku gihe, iyo umubyeyi abyaye, cyangwa binyuze mu konsa. Amatembabuzi asanzwe nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo byanduza virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera sida ni imwe muri za virus zibarizwa mu itsinda ry'amavirusi azwi ku izina rya "retrovirus". Uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye, gahunda zo gukoresha neza inshinge zujuje ubuziranenge, kuvura abanduye, hamwe no gukoresha imiti nka "prophylaxis" mbere na nyuma yo gukora iminonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Iyo ari umwana uvutse yanduye virusi itera SIDA we na nyina umubyara bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta muti cyangwa urukingo rwa virusi itera SIDA ruhari; ariko, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ishobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire byenda kungana kimwe nk'abantu basanzwe bazima batayanduye. Nibyiza gutangira gufata imiti no kwivuza no kwisuzumisha buri gihe ukimara kumenya ko wanduye. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni imyaka 11. Muri 2018, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 37.9 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA bituma hapfa abantu 770.000. Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro ya za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateje urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 32 ku isi hose. Virusi itera SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo - icyorezo cy’indwara kiboneka ahantu hanini kandi kigenda gikwirakwira. Virusi itera sida yavuye mu zindi nyamaswa yerekeza ku bantu bo muri Afurika yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza no hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Ubwandu bwa SIDA bwamenyekanye bwa mbere n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi hamenyekana igitera SIDA - ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA - byagaragajwe mu ntangiriro y’imyaka icumi ya mbere y'uwo mwaka. Virusi itera SIDA yagize uruhare runini muri sosiyete, iba indwara ndetse n'isoko y'ivangura. Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu. Hariho imyumvire myinshi itavugwaho rumwe ku birebana na Virusi itera SIDA, nko kwizera ko yanduzwa gusa no guhuza ibitsina mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ndwara yateje impaka nyinshi mu banyamadini, harimo n’umwanya wa Kiliziya Gatolika yo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa ry’agakingirizo mu rwego rwo kuyirinda. Yatumye habaho ubuvuzi budasanzwe ku rwego rwa kiganga, ku rwego mpuza mahanga ndetse igenerwa n'inkunga nyinshi zitandukanye kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya za 1980. [[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-HIV-AIDS.webm|thumbtime=0:14|thumb|Video summary (script)]]   == Ibimenyetso biranga agakoko gatera SIDA == Hariho ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: kuremba bikabije, kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira, no kugera mu cyiciro cyaho umubiri ubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije. <ref name="M121">acika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti</ref> === kuremba bikabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru byanduye virusi itera sida]] Mu ikubitiro kwandura virusi itera sida icyo cyiciro cyitwa "Acute HIV/igihe virusi itera SIDA iba ifite ubukana bwinshi mu mubiri" cq kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose. Abantu benshi barwara ibicurane cyangwa indwara isa na "mononucleose" nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kuyandura, naho abandi nta bimenyetso bifatika bafite. Ibimenyetso bibaho muri 40-90% byabantu bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA kandi mubisanzwe harimo umuriro mwinshi ukabije uzamuka buri kanya, ibibyimba mu kanwa, kumuka no kuryana mu muhogo, guhubuka, kubabara umutwe, kunanirwa, cyangwa ibisebe byo mumunwa no mu/ku gitsina. Indwara z'uruhu zizana ibiheri bigaragara muri 20-50% y'abayanduye byigaragaza mu buryo bw'uduheri twinshi turi kumurongo umwe kandi twinshi tubyimbye gakeya kandi tudasanzwe. Abantu bamwe na bamwe barwara indwara zitandukanye muriki cyiciro. Ibimenyetso byo mu gifu, nko kuruka cyangwa impiswi bishobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso nko kurwara imitsi, ingingo zigacika inege. Igihe ibimenyetso byiyerekana biratandukanye, ariko mubusanzwe ni icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe, ibi bimenyetso ntibifatwa nkibimenyetso simusiga byabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Ndetse nibibazo bibonwa na muganga cyangwa ibitaro bikunze gusuzumwa nabi nkimwe mundwara zandura zifite ibimenyetso byinshi byenda gusa. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa ko virusi itera sida yakekerwa cyane mu bantu bagaragaza umuriro mwinshi udasobanutse ushobora kuba ufite isano n'ingaruka zo kwandura. <ref name="M118">Mandell, Bennett, and Dolan (2010). Chapter 118.</ref> === kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira === Ibimenyetso byambere bikurikirwa nicyiciro cyitwa "clinical latency" cyangwa virusi idakira. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, iki cyiciro cya kabiri ku bantu banduye virusi itera sida bisanzwe ariko bativuje habe namba gishobora kumara imyaka igera kuri itatu kugeza ku myaka 20 (ugereranije, imyaka umunani). Mugihe mubisanzwe hari ibimenyetso bike cyangwa bitagaragaye mbere, hafi yiki cyiciro kirangiye abantu benshi bahura numuriro mwinshi udasanzwe, guta ibiro, ibibazo byigifu no kubabara imitsi. Hagati ya 50% na 70% byabantu nabo barwara utubyimba two mu kwaha duhora twizana, ibice by'umubiri byaguka cyangwa bibyimba mu buryo budasobanutse, kwaguka kurenze uburyo busanzwe kw'imyanya ndangagitsina (uretse mu kibuno) mumezi arenga atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Nubwo abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bafite virusi itagaragara kandi mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa amaherezo bizatera SIDA (kubura burundu ubudahangwarwa bw'umubiri kwirwanaho ku ndwara), umubare muto (hafi 5%) ugumana urugero rwinshi rw'utunyabuzima twubatse ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'umuntu twitwa CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T (T Helper Cells) udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA irenze imyaka itanu. Abo bantu bashyizwe mu rwego rwa "HIV Controllers" cyangwa "long-term nonprogressors" (LTNP). Irindi tsinda rigizwe nabagumana uko virusi zigaragaza mu mubiri wabo muburyo butajya bumenyekana habe namba cyangwa butigaragaza byihuse kandi badakoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ari nabo bakunze kwitwa "elite controllers" cyangwa udashobora kumenyekana udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA bene abo bari ku kigero kiri kuri 1 kugeza kuri 300 y'abanduye. === Umubiri kubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_AIDS.svg|alt=Igishushanyo kigaragaza bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku bafite ubwandu bwa SIDA|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru bya sida.]] "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS/SIDA)" bisobanuye icyiciro aho umubiri w'uwanduye virusi itera SIDA yaba yageze aho abura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu buryo bukabije kugeza aho abasirikare barinda umubiri we indwara bitwa "CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T" baba bari munsi ya 200 ku gipimo gikoreshwa cya µL cyangwa kuba hari indwara zihariye ziterwa no kwandura virusi itera SIDA zamaze kwigaragaza mu buryo bufatika. Mugihe hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwihariye, ibi nibyo byigaragaza hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabantu banduye virusi itera sida mu myaka icumi ya mbere. Ibintu byambere bikunze kugaragara byerekana ko umurwayi yageze muri iki cyiciro cyaho umuntu afatwa ko arwaye SIDA harimo "pneumocystis pneumonia" / UMUSONGA (40%), gutakaza ibiro byinshi mu buryo budasanzwe "cachexia" (20%), na "candidiasis esophageal" / indwara nutubyimba no kubabara mu kanwa ndetse no mu muhogo. Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo kwandura indwara zifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Ashobora ndetse no kwibasirwa n'indwara zitunguranye ziterwa n'udukoko nka bacteria, virusi, ibihumyo, n'udukoko dutandukanye zisanzwe zikumirwa zikarindwa na bwa budahangarwa bw'umubiri mu bantu bazima. Indwara zandura ziterwa ahanini n’ibinyabuzima bikunze kubaho mu bidukikije by’umuntu. Izi ndwara zirashobora kwanduza umubiri wose zikawibasira zikawuca inege. Ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri zitandukanye ziterwa na virusi, harimo na sarcoma ya Kaposi, lymphoma ya Burkitt, lymphoma y'ibanze yo hagati, na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Sarcoma ya Kaposi ni kanseri ikunze kugaragara, iboneka ku 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'ababana na virusi itera SIDA. Kanseri ya kabiri ikunze kwibasirwa cyane ni lymphoma, ikaba ari yo nyirabayazana w'urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri 16% babana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA kandi ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere cya SIDA muri 3% kugeza kuri 4%. Izi kanseri zombi zifitanye isano na herpesvirus ya 8 (HHV-8). Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura igaragara cyane ku bafite sida kubera ko ifitanye isano na "papillomavirus" ya muntu (HPV). Kanseri ifata (ya layer/urububi ruhuza igice cy'imbere cy'amaso n'igice cyera cy'ijisho) nayo ikunze kugaragara ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Byongeye kandi, ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bakunze kugira ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umuriro mwinshi udasanzwe uzamuka buri kanya utajya ugabanyuka, ibyuya byinshi (cyane cyane nijoro), kubyimba "lymph node" / utubyimba two mu kwaha n'amabinga, guhorana ubukonje bukabije (imbeho, gutitira), intege nke, no gutakaza ibiro byinshi cyane. Indwara y'impiswi iza buri kanya ni ikindi kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara, kiboneka ku bantu 90% barwaye SIDA. Bashobora kandi kwanduzwa n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo mu mutwe ndetse no mu mitsi bidafitanye isano n'ubwandu bwa kanseri. == Uburyo virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwamo == Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa n'inzira eshatu z'ingenzi: guhuza ibitsina mu buryo budakingiye, ibice by'umubiri w'uwanduye indwara ya SIDA twahungabanye nk'ibisebe bivamo amatembabuzi n'amaraso, ndetse no kuva amaraso ku mubyeyi iyo atwite; ndetse no mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana ashobora kumwanduza, mu gihe cyo kubyara umubyeyi wanduye ava amaraso arimo abyara akivanga n'amaraso y'umwana binyuze ku mukonda/ikiriri, cyangwa konsa uruhinja ku mubyeyi wanduye. Nta kaga ko kwandura virusi itera sida binyuze mu mazirantoki, ururenda rw'amazuru/ibimyira, amacandwe, ibyuya, amarira, inkari, cyangwa kuruka keretse iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA. Birashoboka kandi ko umuntu yakwandura impurirane y'ubwoko bwa virusi itera sida burenze bumwe bikunze kwitwa "HIV superinfection". === Imibonano mpuza bitsina === Uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Icyakora, umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida ufite virusi itagaragararira ibyuma biyipima bitewe no kuvurwa igihe kirekire, nta byago afite byo kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu gukorana nabo imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Kuba hari abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA itagaragarira ibyuma biyipima byamenyekanye cyane mu itangazo ry’Ubusuwisi ryo mu 2008 biteza impaka no kutabivugaho rumwe, kuva icyo gihe byaje gukorerwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse biremezwa ko bibari ndetse bishoboka. Ku isi hose, uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye hagati y’abadahuje igitsina; ariko, uburyo bwo kwandura buratandukanye mu bihugu. Kugeza mu 2017, abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA muri Amerika babaye mu bagabo baryamanye n'abagabo (82% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA ku bagabo bafite imyaka 13 n'abayirengeje na 70% by'indwara nshya). Muri Amerika, abagabo bahuje ibitsina bafite imyaka 13 kugeza kuri 24 bangana na 92% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu bagabo bose bari mu kigero cyabo na 27% by'indwara nshya mu bagabo bose bahuje ibitsina ndetse n'ibitsina byombi. Abagabo bagera ku 15% b’abagabo bahuje ibitsina banduye virusi itera SIDA, mu gihe 28% by’abagore bahindura ibitsina "transgender" banduye muri Amerika. Ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, ibigereranyo by’ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera sida ku gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina bigaragara ko byikubye inshuro enye kugeza ku icumi mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make ugereranyije no mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi. Mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo bingana na 0.38% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,30% kuri buri gikorwa; ibigereranyo bihwanye n'ibihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi ni 0,04% ku gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagore ku bagabo, na 0.08% kuri buri gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagabo n'abagore. Ibyago byo kwandura bivuye mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ni byinshi cyane, bivugwa ko 1,4-1.7% kuri buri gikorwa haba mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana bahuje igitsina. Nubwo ibyago byo kwandura biva mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku bahuje ibitsina ari bike, biracyahari. Ibyago byo kwakira imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa byavuzwe ko ari "hafi NTABYO"; ariko, byagaragaye ko hari abantu bake banduye binyuze muri ubwo buryo. Ibyago kuri buri gikorwa byagereranijwe kuri 0-0.04% ku bakira imibonano mpuza bitsina mu kanwa "oral sex". Mu bihe birimo uburaya mu bihugu bikennye cyane, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo byagereranijwe ko ari 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,05% kuri buri gikorwa. Ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera iyo umuntu yanduye indwara zisanzwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe n’ibisebe byo mu gitsina. Ibisebe byo mu gitsina bigaragara ko byongera ibyago inshuro zigera kuri eshanu. Izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, nka mburugu, kilamidiya, tirikomunasi, na vaginose ya bagiteri, zifitanye isano no kwiyongera gake mu byago byo kwandura. Ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri w'uwayanduye "viral load" ni ikintu cy’ingaruka zikomeye mu kwanduza virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse biciye mu kwandura hagati y'umwana na nyin/umubyeyi we. Mu mezi 2.5 y'ibanze mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ubwandu bw'umuntu bwikubye inshuro cumi n'ibiri bitewe (n'ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwiyo virusi itera SIDA afite mu mubiri we) - "VIRAL LOAD". Niba umuntu ari mu cyiciro cye cyanyuma yaho yanduriye virusi itera SIDA, ibipimo byanduza bikubye inshuro umunani. Abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bicuruza mu bikorwa by'uburaya (harimo n'abacuruza imibiri yabo by'umwuga byemewe "pornography") bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Imibonano mpuzabitsina ikabije mu buryo bwo gukubana kw'ibitsina nta bunyerere cyangwa ububobere buhagije mu gitsina "rough sex" irashobora guteza kwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikubiyemo ibikorwa byo gufata kungufu/gusambanya undi ku gahato no gusambanya abana bakiri bato "sexual assualt" naryo rishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubera ko udukingirizo tudakunze kwambarwa muri ibyo bikorwa by'ubugome bigatera gukomereka mu gitsina ku bagore n'abakobwa no ku gitsina ku bagabo n'abahungu cyangwa gukomereka mu kibuno kubakorerwa ibikorwa byo gufatwa ku ngufu n'abatinganyi bikongera ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ndetse bikaba byanatera ibyuririzi by'indwara zindi zandurira mu gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina akabirwarira hamwe n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Amatembabuzi === [[File:AIDS_Poster_If_You're_Dabbling_in_Drugs_1989.jpg|alt=A black-and-white poster of a young black man with a towel in his left hand with the words "If you are dabbling with drugs you could be dabbling with your life" above him|thumb| Icyapa cya CDC kuva mu 1989 cyerekana iterabwoba rya sida ijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge]] Uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera sida ni uburyo bunyuze mu maraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi yivanzemo ayo maraso yanduye. Kwandura biciye muri ubu buryo birashobora guterwa no gusangira inshinge mugihe cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bacisha mu kwitera inshinge mu mitsi, gukomeretswa n'inshinge mu gihe ruri guterwa ufite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, guterwa amaraso yanduye cyangwa ibikomoka ku maraso yanduye, cyangwa inshinge zikoreshwa mu buvuzi ariko zitujuje ubuzira nenge hamwe n’ibikoresho bidafite ubuziranenge "bidafite umutekano uhagije wo kubibika mu buryo bwiza mu byuma bibihanaguraho imyanda "sterilizers". Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusangira urushinge mugihe cyo gutera ibiyobyabwenge mu mitsi hagati y'abakoresha ibyobya bwenge ubwabo biri hagati ya 0,63% na 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, ugereranije ku gipimo cyo hagati "average" ni 0.8%. Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida ku binyuze k'urushinge rwatewe umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida bivugwa ko ari 0.3% (hafi 1 kuri 333) kuri buri gikorwa kandi ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku rurenda rw'amatembabuzi ruvanzemo amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA ni 0.09% (hafi 1 kuri 1000) kuri buri gikorwa. Izi ngaruka zirashobora ariko kugera kuri 5% mugihe ayo maraso ari muri urwo rurenda rw'amatembabuzi yaturutse kumuntu ufite ubwikorezi bwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA n'umwenge cyangwa igisebe ari kinini mu mubiri kuri wawundi wandujwe. Muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagejeje kuri 12% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu 2009, ndetse no mu turere tumwe na tumwe abantu barenga 80% bitera ibiyobyabwenge banduye virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera SIDA yanduza hafi 90% binyuze mu guterwa amaraso yanduye "blood transfusion". Mu bihugu byateye imbere ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ni bike cyane (munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni) aho hakorwa uburyo bwo gutoranya abaterankunga no gusuzuma virusi itera sida mu maraso atangwa "blood donations"; urugero, mu Bwongereza ibyago bivugwa ko ari umwe muri miliyoni eshanu naho muri Amerika yari imwe muri miliyoni 1.5 muri 2008. Mu bihugu bikennye cyane, kimwe cya kabiri cy’amaraso ni yo yonyine ishobora gupimwa mu buryo bukwiye (guhera mu 2008), kandi bikaba bivugwa ko abagera kuri 15% banduye virusi itera SIDA muri utwo turere baturuka ku guterwa amaraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi avanze nayo maraso yanduye, bigereranywa kuri 5% na 10% byanduye kwisi. Birashoboka kwandura virusi itera sida mu guhinduranya ingingo z'umuburi zitangwa kwa muganga "implants", nubwo ibi bidasanzwe kubera kwipimisha mbere ko bikorwa. Gutera imiti hifashishijwe inshinge zidafite umutekano bigira uruhare muri virusi itera SIDA muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu 2007, hagati ya 12% na 17% byanduye muri kano karere byatewe no gukoresha inshinge zidafite umutekano zo kwa muganga. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko ibyago byo kwandura biturutse ku gutera inshinge muri Afurika ni 1,2%. Hari n'ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera SIDA zikomoka ku kubaga indembe, kubyaza, no kuvura no kubaga amenyo muri kano karere. Abantu baterwaho ibishushanyo ku mibiri yabo "tattooing", gutobora ibice by'umubiri bitandukanye, no gukomeretsa ibice by'umubiri wabo binyuze mu ndasago "scarification" bafite ibyago byo kwandura nubwo nta bushakashatsi buhari bufatika bubyemeza. Imibu ndetse nutundi dukoko ntibishobora kuba impamvu yo gukwirakwiza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Virusi itera SIDA irashobora kwanduza umwana mu gihe umubyeyi amutwite, igihe cyo kubyara, cyangwa binyuze mu mashereka amwonsa, bigatuma umwana na we yandura virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008, kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwiswe "verticle transmission" binyuze mu dukoko twa bagitiriya na virusi mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana cyangwa arimo kubyara ni 90% by'abana bayandura. Mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa virusi itera SIDA ku mubyeyi wanduye, ibyago byo kwanduza umwana mbere cyangwa mugihe cyo kuvuka ni 20%, naho kubonsa amashereka ni 35%. Ubuvuzi butangwa ku mubyeyi ukimenya ko yanduye ariko atwite bugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we akimutwite no mu gihe cyo kumubyara kugeza munsi ya 5%. Imiti igabanya ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA iyo ifashwe na nyina cyangwa umwana bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura ku bonsa. Ibiryo bigaburirwa umwana iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere yo kubihekenya birashobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi kuri uwo mwana. Niba umugore atavuwe virusi itera SIDA akamara imyaka ibiri yonsa uruhinja nabyo bitera ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we bigera kuri 17%. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’urupfu rw'impinja bukomoka ku kutonsa mu bice byinshi byo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rirasaba ko konsa byihariye hagati y'umubyeyi n'uwo mwana we umwe gusa cyangwa gutanga kwifashisha amata yo mu bikombe nk'imfashabere. Abagore bose bazwiho kuba banduye virusi itera SIDA bagomba gufata imiti igabanya ubukana ubuzima bwabo bwose. == Ubumenyi n'ubucukumbuzi bujyanye na Virusi == [[File:HI-virion-structure_en.svg|alt=diagram of microscopic viron structure|thumb| Igishushanyo cyimiterere ya virusi ya sida]] [[File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg|alt=A large round blue object with a smaller red object attached to it. Multiple small green spots are speckled over both.|thumb| Gusikana electron micrograph ya VIH-1, icyatsi kibisi, imera kuva lymphocyte yumuco .]] Virusi itera SIDA niyo nyirabayazana w'indwara zitera umuburi kubura ubudahangarwa ari nabyo byitwa "SIDA". Virusi itera SIDA ni ubwoko bwa "retrovirus" yibanda cyane mu kwangiza abasirikare barinda umubiri w'umuntu bitwa "CD4 ⁺ T Cells", "macrophage" na "dendritic cells" . Yangiriza byimazeyo mu buryo buziguye ndetse n'ubutaziguye abo basirikare batuma umubiri ugira ubudahangarwa bitwa "CD4 ⁺ T". Iyo virusi itera SIDA ibarizwa mu bwoko bwa "''Lentivirus"'', nabwo bubarizwa mu cyiciro cyitwa "''Retroviridae"'' . Virusi zo muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentivirus" zisangiye ibintu byinshi biziranga imiterere yabyo ndetse n'ibijyanye n'ubutabire bw'ibinyabuzima bubiranga. Ibinyabuzima byinshi biri mu cyiciro cy'inyamaswa zonsa zikunze gufatwa no kwandura nama virusi ari muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentiviruses" ari nabyo bikunze gutera indwara z'igihe kirekire ndetse zimara igihe mu mubiri zirimo gukura. Ubu bwoko bwa virusi zibarizwa muri "Lentiviruses" zigira ububasha bwo kwandura bwinjira mu mubiri ari imbumbe kandi bwiteguye kwanduza bwiyambitse urububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME". Iyo zinjiye mu mubiri ako kanya, rwa rububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME" ruhita ruhindagura imiterere yarwo "reverse transcribed" rugahinduka ADN ifite kopi ebyiri ya virusi nyayo itera uburwayi byitwa "reverse transciptase" bizanana na ya "GENOME" virusi mu bigize virusi. Nyuma yo kwihindagura yisanisha na ADN ziri mu mubiri mu buryo bwo gukora kopi zisa neza ihita yinjira mu dutafari twubatse umubiri twitwa "nucleus cells" tugahita twisanisha neza nkatwo mu rwego rwo kwiyorobeka no kwihisha mu mubiri binyuze mu buryo bwitwa "integrase" nibigize umubiri yinjiyemo. Virusi iyo imaze kwinjira neza muri twa dutafari tugize umubiri "cells" ihita yirinda kugira ibitero igaba ku mubiri ako kanya kugirango abasirikare baha ubudahangarwa mu mubiri batayivumbura bagatangira kuyirwanya. Hari nubwo virusi iyo imaze kwinjira mu mubiri ihita ikoresha ubundi buryo bwitwa "transcribed" ari nabwo bwo kubasha kwiyubura ikikoramo kopi nyinshi z'amavirusi bisa kimwe ya "RNA GENOMES" afite naza poroteyine z'ama virusi byishyize hamwe bikirema mu imbere muri za "cells" zigakomeza gutubuka gutyo zikaba nyinshi mu mubiri "VIRAL LOAD". Virusi itera SIDA ubu yamenyekanye ko ikwirakwira iciye mu basirikare barinda umubiri bawuha ubudahangarwa ba "CD4 ⁺ T" biciye mu nzira ebyiri zibangikanye: gukwirakwiza mu imbere muri "cells" ubwayo aribyo byitwa "cell-free spread" cyangwa gukwirakwizwa yanduza za "cells" zitandukanye ku bwinshi ari nabyo byitwa "cell-to-cell spread". Mu gukwirakwiza biciye mu buryo bwa "cell-free spread" virusi ziva mu ngirabuzimafatizo "virus particles bud" zituruka mu basirikare banduye ba "T cells", zinjira mu maraso/nandi matembabuzi avanze namaraso hanyuma zikanduza utundi dusirikare turinda umubiri kwandura twa "T cells" uko zijyenda zihura nazo gutyo gutyo kugeza zikwirakwiye mu mubiri hose. Iri kwirakwizwa rya virusi mu mubiri uko rigenda ryikoramo kopi nyinshi biri mu bintu birwanya bigaca inege imiti n'ubuvuzi bujyanye no kuvura amavirusi Ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi itera sida bwaranzwe na virusi y'ubwoko bwitwa "VIH-1" na "VIH-2". Virusi ya "VIH-1" ni virusi yavumbuwe bwa mbere (kandi yabanje kwitwa "LAV" cyangwa "HTLV-III"). Ni virusi ifite ubukana kandi yandura cyane, kandi niyo nyirabayazana w'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ku isi yose ugereranije na virusi yo mu bwoko bwa "VIH-2" izwiho kwandurwa n'abantu bake. Kubera ubushobozi buke ugereranije bwo kwandura, ubwoko bwa virusi ya "VIH-2" igarukira muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba . == Indwara ya Pathophysiology == [[File:HIV_and_AIDS_explained_in_a_simple_way.webm|alt=video of AIDS explanation|thumb|Gusobanura Virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwihuse bworoshye]] [[File:Hiv_replication_cycle.gif|thumb| Uko virusi itera SIDA ijyenda yikoramo za kopi nyinshi]] Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu mubiri habaho igihe cyo gutubuka kwayo zikaba nyinshi mu buryo bwo kujyenda zikoramo kopi nyinshi byihuse, biganisha kuri virusi nyinshi mumaraso "VIRAL LOAD". Mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi, urwego rwa virusi itera sida rushobora kugera kuri miliyoni nyinshi za virusi kuri mililitiro yamaraso mu mubiri. Iki gisubizo kijyana nigabanuka ryagaragaye mumibare y'abasirikare barinda umuburi indwara bitwa "CD4 T". Virusi ikomeza kugira ubukana kubera imiterere yayo yo gutuma havuka utundi dusirikare "cells" twitwa "CD8 T" tuza twica burundu twa dusirikare turinda umubiri kutandura indwara tukabyara za "antibody" zirwanya umubiri ziwuca intege, cyangwa "seroconversion" . Igisubizo gifatika mu isuzuma ryutwo dusirikare twa "CD8 ⁺ T" nicyo cyerekana uko ubwandu bw'indwara bujyenda bugabanyuka cyangwa bwiyongera mu mubiri nubwo bitarinda burundu virusi itera SIDA. Amaherezo, virusi itera SIDA irwanya ba basirikare barinda umubiri indwara ikajyenda ibica ibagabanya ubwinshi bakaba bakeya mu mubiri "CD4 ⁺ T" kugeza ubwo umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa bigatera indwara z'ibyuririzi kwibasira umubiri muburyo buzorohereye. Abasirikare ba "T Cells" ni ingirakamaro mubisubizo byubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi bitabaye ibyo, umubiri ntushobora kurwanya indwara cyangwa kwica udusirikare twamaze kuba kanseri mu mubiri. Uburyo abasirikare ba "CD4 ⁺ T cells" bagenda bashira mu mubiri bugiye butandukanye yaba mu ikubitiro umubiri ukinjiramo virusi itera SIDA ikikoramo kopi nyinshi ndetse no mu bihe bwo kurwaragurika cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu cyiciro cy'ibanze cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, hifashishwa udusirikare twanduye twabaye kanseri mu mubiri twa "CD8 ⁺ T" ari natwo tugira uruhare mu kugabanuka k'udusirikare turinda umubiri twa "CD4 ⁺ T", nubwo umubiri ubwawo wabigiramo uruhare mu gihe wirwanaho wica udukoko turi mu mubiri mu buryo bwitwa "apoptose" nayo ishobora kubitera. Iyo virusi ziyongereye mu mubiri; umurwayi akagera mu cyiciro cyo kuremba bikabije no kurwaragurika indwara z'ibyuririzi zitandukanye bituma habaho gutakaza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwimikorere yubudahangarwa bwo kubyara abasirikare bashya ba "T cells" ari nabyo bituma bagabanyuka cyane"CD4 ⁺ T". Nubwo ibimenyetso byo kubura ubudahangarwa biranga SIDA bitagaragara imyaka myinshi nyuma yuko umuntu yanduye, igice kinini cyo gutakaza abasirikare ba CD4 ⁺ T kibaho mugihe cyicyumweru cya mbere cy'ubwandu, cyane cyane mumitsi yo munda, kibamo uturemangingo turwanya indwara zo mu mubiri twita "lymphocytes" mu mubiri. Impamvu virusi itera SIDA yibanda cyane kuri ako gace ko munda "intestinal mucosa" ni ukubera ko virusi itera SIDA ikora za poroteyine z'ubwoko bwa "CCR5" ikoresha mu kwibasira yinjira ihungabanya abasirikare barinda umubiri indwara ba "CD4 ⁺ T" kandi ako gace k'imitsi yo munda kagizwe cyane nizo poroteyine kuruta za poroteyine ziba mu maraso. Imihindagurikire yihariye ihindura imiterere ya za poroteyine za "CCR5" iyo ziboneka mu buryo bwombi bwa "chromosomes" birinda cyane kwandura virusi y'ubwoko bwa VIH-1. Virusi itera SIDA ishakisha kandi ikarandura byimazeyo CCR5 zigaragaza mudusirikare turinda umubiri twa CD4 ⁺ T mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura iyo virusi kuko nibwo iba ifite ubukana bwinshi. Abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 ⁺ T ni nako batangira kurwanya iyo virusi itera SIDA ari nako irushaho kubica bikihutisha kujya mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuremba no kurwaragurika buri kanya bidakira "clinical latent phase". Uko virusi itera SIDA irushaho kwikoramo kopi nyinshi ikibasira umubiri wose ni nako umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa kurushaho. Ibyo byose bigateza uruvangitirane rw'ibibazo byo mu mubiri bituma habaho gusohoka kwa "pro-inflammatory cytokines". Ni nabyo ndetse bifitanye isano mu guteza indwara zo munda nk'igifu kubera urububi/igisenge kigize amara gikomeza kujyenda cyangirika cyane iyo habayeho kuremba cyane. == Gusuzuma == [[File:Hiv-timecourse.png|alt=A graph with two lines. One in blue moves from high on the right to low on the left with a brief rise in the middle. The second line in red moves from zero to very high then drops to low and gradually rises to high again|thumb|Igishushanyo rusange cyerekana isano iri hagati ya kopi ya virusi itera sida (virusi ya virusi) na CD4 ⁺ T ibara ugereranije n’impuzandengo ya virusi itera sida itavuwe. ]]Virusi itera SIDA isuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire hanyuma bigakorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Ikigo cya Leta zunzwe ubumwe z'Amerika cya "Preventive Services Task Force" gishishikariza abantu bose kuva ku myaka 15 kugeza ku myaka 65 kwisuzumisha virusi itera SIDA, harimo n'abagore bose batwite. Byongeye kandi, kwipimisha bishishikarizwa cyane abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kuyandura, cyane abasuzumwa bagasanga baranduye izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuza bitsina. Mu bice byinshi byisi, kimwe cya gatatu cyabanduye virusi itera SIDA babimenya ari uko igihe cyamaze kurenga bamaze gutaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuburyo bwigaragaza bukabije. {| class="wikitable floatright" |+Iminsi mike nyuma yo kwerekana ibikenewe kugirango ikizamini kibe cyuzuye !Kwipimisha amaraso ! Iminsi |- | Ikizamini cya Antibody <small>(</small> ikizamini <small>cyihuse, ELISA gen 3)</small> | 23–90 |- | Antibody na p24 kwipimisha antigen <small>(ELISA 4 gen)</small> | 18-45 |- | PCR | 10–33 |} === Kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA === [[File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|thumb|Agakoresho kihuta mugupima virusi itera SIDA kitwa "HIV Rapid Test" karimo gukoreshwa]] [[File:Oraquick.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oraquick.jpg|thumb|Oraquick]] Abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bakunze kurangwa n'imisemburo mu mubiri yabo irwanya ibice by'umubiri "antibodies" (ni ukuvuga seroconvert) bibaho mu byumweru bitatu kugeza kuri cumi na bibiri nyuma yo kwandura bwa mbere. Gupima virusi itera sida mbere ya seroconversion bikorwa mugupima HIV-RNA cyangwa p24 antigen. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ubwandu (positive) byabonetse nyuma yo gupima za "antibodies" cyangwa ibizamini bya PCR byemezwa na "antibody" itandukanye cyangwa na PCR. Gusuzuma no gupima "antibody" ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 18 bikunze gutanga ibisubizo bitari bya nyabyo kubera za "antibodies" bakomora ku babyeyi babo ziba zikiri mu mibiri yabo bana. Kubw'izo mpamvu, ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bishobora gupimwa gusa hifashishije gupima PCR za HIV-RNA cyangwa ADN, cyangwa binyuze mu gupima antigen p24. Henshi ku isi hari icyuho n'ibura ry'ibikoresho bihagije byo gupima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA hifashishijwe agakoresho ka PCR yizewe, kandi abantu mu bihugu byinshi bitishoboye bategereza kugeza ibimenyetso byigaragaje cyangwa umwana akuze bihagije kugirango bapimwe neza za "antibody". Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hagati ya 2007 na 2009, abaturage bari hagati ya 30% na 70% bari bafite amakuru ahagije kuri virusi itera SIDA. Muri 2009, hagati ya 3,6% na 42% by'abagabo n'abagore bo mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara nibo babashije kwisuzumisha; ibi byagaragaje ubwiyongere bugaragara ugereranije nimyaka yashize. === Ibyiciro === Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro indwara zanduye virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zifitanye isano na virusi itera SIDA hagamijwe gukurikirana abanduye: gahunda y'ikigo mpuza mahanga gikurikirana ubuzima "WHO" gikurikirana umunsi kuwundi imiterere ya virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zigashamikiyeho, n'ikigo gikurikirana kinakakumira indwara zandura cya "CDC" uburyo gishyira mu byiciro ibirebana na virusi itera SIDA. Kubera ko gahunda y'ikigo cya "WHO" idasaba ibizamini bya laboratoire, ikwiranye n’imiterere y’imikoreshereze ihura n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gufasha kuyobora imiyoborere y’amavuriro. Nubwo zi gahunda zitandukanye, sisitemu zombi zemerera kugereranya intego zimibare. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatanze icyifuzo cya mbere ku gisobanuro kirebana na SIDA mu 1986. Kuva icyo gihe, OMS yakomeje gahunda yo kuvugurura ibyiciro bitandukanye inshuro nyinshi, igisobanuro giheruka cyemeranyijweho ku isi hose ubu OMS ikaba iheruka kugisohora mu 2007. Sisitemu ya OMS ikoresha ibyiciro bikurikira: * Icyiciro cy'ibanze cy'ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: Birashobora kuba bidafite ibimenyetso cyangwa bifitanye isano no kuremba bikabije (kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite ingufu nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose). * Icyiciro cya I: Kwandura virusi itera sida bifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso byigaragaza bijyanye numubare w'abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa bitwa CD4 + T (uzwi kandi nka "CD4 count") urenga 500 kuri microlitre (µl cyangwa cubic mm) yamaraso. Bikunze kugirana isano no kubyimba k'utunyabuzima twa "lymph" turinda umuburi indwara (tuba mu kwaha, aho amaguru yombi ahera uturutse ku gice igihimba kirangiriraho ndetse no mu bice bitandukanya amatama ijosi) * Icyiciro cya II: Ibimenyetso byoroheje, bishobora kuba birimo uduheri twinshi duto duto kandi twegeranye twibanda ku bice bimwe by'uruhu hamwe n'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. CD4 ibara munsi ya 500 / µl * Icyiciro cya III: Ibimenyetso biri kurwego runini, bishobora kuba birimo impiswi idakira idasobanutse mugihe kirenze ukwezi, indwara ziterwa na n'agakoko ka bagiteri zirimo igituntu cyibihaha, hamwe na CD4 ibara munsi ya 350 / µl * Icyiciro cya IV ari nacyo SIDA: ibimenyetso bikomeye, birimo indwara cyangwa gufatwa n'ibimenyetso bya "[[:en:Toxoplasmosis|toxoplasmosis]] " yo mu bwonko, indwara ya kandida "candidiasis" ifata mu muhogo, mu buhumekero cyangwa ibihaha, na "sarcoma" ya Kaposi. CD4 ibara munsi ya 200 / µl Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) nacyo cyashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA, kandi byavuguruwe mu 2008 na 2014. Ubu buryo bushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA hakurikijwe kubara abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa "CD4 count" no kugenzura ibimenyetso byigaragaza, kandi busobanura ubwandu mu matsinda atanu. Mu barengeje imyaka itandatu ni: * Icyiciro cya 0: igihe kiri hagati yo gufata ikizamini gipima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ntikiyigaragaze (negative) cyangwa kitamenyekanye cyakurikiranye n'ikizamini cyaje kugaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (positive) kiri munsi yiminsi 180. * Icyiciro cya 1: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hejuru ya 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 2: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hagati ya 200 na 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 3: CD4 ibara abasirikare bangana cq bari munsi ya 200 / µl kandi hari ibimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro kitazwi: Kuba nta makuru ahagije ahari yo kuba hari ibyatuma habaho gushyirwa mu byiciro bivuzwe haruguru. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura, isuzuma rya SIDA rikomeje gukorwa nubwo nyuma yo kuvurwa, umubare wa wabasirikare barinda umubiri ba "CD4 + T" wazamutse ukagera kuri 200 kuri µL yamaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara zishamikiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza SIDA ziba zamaze gukira == Kwirinda == [[File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|alt=A run down a two-story building with a number of signs related to AIDS prevention|thumb|Ivuriro rito ku barwayi ba SIDA, [[:en:McLeod_Ganj|McLeod Ganj]], Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010]] === Guhuza ibitsina === [[File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|thumb|Abantu bambaye ibimenyetso bikangurira rubanda ku birebana n'indwara ya SIDA. Ibumoso: "Guhanga na SIDA ukoresheje agakingirizo cq imiti yo kwirinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA"; Iburyo: "Mpanganye na SIDA kuko abantu nkunda bamaze kuyandura"]] Gukoresha agakingirizo mu buryo buhoraho kandi igihe kirekire bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kingana na 80%. Iyo agakingirizo gakoreshwa buri gihe n’abashakanye muri bombi umwe ariwe wanduye undi ari atanduye bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kiri kuri 1% ku mwaka. Hariho ubushakashatsi bushimangira ko agakingirizo k'abagore gashobora gutanga urwego rumwe rwo kurinda. Gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gutuma mu gitsina hazamo ububobere yitwa "gel" nka "tenofovir"(yifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ya SIDA rimwe na rimwe indwara y'umwijima ya hepatitis B) igakoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina bijya bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kugera ku kigereranyo kingana na 40% mubagore bo muri Afrika. Binyuranye no gukoresha imiti yica intanga ngabo nka "nonoxynol-9" kuko iyo izwiho kongera ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA bitewe nuko ituma mu gitsina no mu nnyo hazamo udusebe. Gusilamura (abagabo) muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara "bigabanya kwandura virusi itera sida ku bagabo badahuje igitsina hagati ya 38% na 66% mu gihe cy'amezi 24". Kubera ubwo bushakashatsi, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima ndetse na UNAIDS bashishikarije abagabo kwisiramuza muri 2007 mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku bwandu buturuka ku mugore wanduye yanduza umugabo utanduye mu turere twa Afurika twiganjemo umubare munini wabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Icyakora, ntibivugwaho rumwe ku bijyanye nimba kwisilamuza birinda umugore utanduye virusi itera SIDA iyo aryamanye n'umugabo wanduye virusi itera SIDA usilamuye, ndetse nta mibare izwi cyangwa ifatika ivuga ko byarinda abahuje ibitsina b'abagabo bakora imibonano kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu bihugu byateye imbere. Umuryango mpuzamahanga urwanya virusi, urasaba ukanashishikariza ko abagabo bose bakora imibonano nabo badahuje igitsina bagomba kwisilamuza ndetse nabakora imibonano mpuzabitsina nabo bahuje igitsina ko byaganirwaho nkuburyo bwo guhitamo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Abahanga bamwe batinya ko hashobora kuvuka imyumvire ituma umubare munini wabantu wakwitabira ibikorwa byo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye bitwaje ko gusilamurwa ari urukingo rubarinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Porogaramu zishishikariza kwifata no kurinda ubusugi n'ubumanzi ku bakobwa n'abahungu ntabwo bigaragara ko zigira umusaruro mwiza uhagije kandi ufatika mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umusaruro wizo nyigisho udahagije habe namba. Inyigisho zihagije zitangwa ku bumenyi bw'imyororokere mu mashuri zishobora kugabanya imyitwarire ishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu bikorwa by'ubusambanyi. Umubare munini wurubyiruko rukomeje kwishora mubikorwa byinshi bishobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA nubwo bahabwa inyigisho zihagije kuberana n'ubwandu bwiyo virusi, kuko babitesha agaciro ko kumva ko nabo bashobora kwandura. Ubujyanama butangwa no gupima kubizana kubihabwa ku bushake ntabwo bigabanya ibikorwa byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu busambanye kubamaze gupimwa bagasanga batanduye ahubwo bituma abapimwe bagasanga banduye bakunda gukoresha udukingirizo n'imibare ikazamuka mu buryo bwigaragaza. Serivisi zinoze zo kuboneza urubyaro bigaragara ko byongera umubare wo gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro mu bagore bamaze kumenya ko bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta makuru agahije azwi niba kuvura izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite akamaro mu gukumira virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda mbere yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA === Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu bantu babana n'ubwandu bafite abasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count" bagejeje kuri 550 / µL ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda kwanduza abo baryamana nabo (ingamba zizwi nko kuvura bisa nko kwirinda, cyangwa TASP). TASP ifitanye isano no kugabanuka inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 ibyago byo kwandura. Imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera sida yitwa "profhylaxis (PrEP)" ikoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina hamwe numuti ukoreshwa buri munsi wa "tenofovir", hakoreshejwe cq hatanakoreshejwe umuti wa "emtricitabine", bigabanya ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hagati y'abantu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura nk'abagabo bakora imibonano nabo bahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana umwe abizi ko yanduye undi abizi ko atanduye ndetse no murubyiruko rwo muri Afurika. Bene ubu buryo bushobora kurinda nabakoresha inshinge bitera imiti/ibiyobyabwenge babicishije mu mitsi, nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwakoze bukagaragaza ko habayeho kugabanyuka ku kigereranyo kivuye kuri 0.7 kugeza kuri 0.4 ku gipimo cy'imyaka 100 y'abantu "100 person years". Ikigo cy'Amerika gishinzwe gahunda zo kwirinda indwara gishishikariza ko abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ko bakwiye gukoresha imiti ya PrEP. Uburyo rusange bwo kwirinda muri gahunda z'ubuzima no kubwitaho bifite ingaruka nziza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Gahunda zishyirwaho mu gukumira kwitera ibiyobyabwenge biciye mu mitsi hakoreshejwe inshinge no kuzisangira no gahunda zo gufasha kuvura abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagahabwa ingurane nziza zo kubavura "rehabilitation therapy" biri mu bintu bihambaye bigabanya ibyago by'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda nyuma yo gukeka ko wandujwe virusi itera SIDA === Imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ifatwa mu masaha ari hagati ya 48 na 72 ku muntu ukeka ko cyangwa wahuye n'amaraso arimo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA cq amavangiro yo mu gitsina yanduye; iyo miti yitwa "prophylaxis (PEP)". Gukoresha umuti ufata rimwe wa "zidovudine" bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida inshuro eshanu nyuma yo gukomeretswa n'urushinge. Kugeza mu 2013, gahunda yo gukoresha imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika yashyizeho imiti y'ubwoko butatu bwo kwifashisha ari bwo - "tenofovir, emtricitabine na raltegravir" - kuko ibyo bishobora kugabanya ingaruka kurushaho. Imiti ya "PEP" ishishikarizwa gufatwa byihutirwa cyane iyo habayeho igikorwa cyo gufatwa ku ngufu cq gusambanya umwana cyane iyo ukekwaho icyo cyaha akekwaho kuba yanduye virusi itera SIDA, ariko bikunze gutera impagarara no kutavugwaho rumwe cyane ukekwaho icyaha ubuzima bwe busanzwe butazwi nimba yaranduye cyangwa se ari muzima. Igihe cyo kwivuza gikunze kuba ibyumweru bine kandi bikunze kuba bifitanye isano n'ingaruka zizahaza uyikoresheje aho imiti ya "zidovudine" ikoreshwa, hafi 70% bagirwaho ingaruka yo kugira isesemi (24%), umunaniro (22%), guhangayika kumutima (13%) no kubabara umutwe (9%). === Kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Gahunda yo kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA zishobora kugabanya ibyaho byo kwandura ku kigereranyayo kiri hagati ya 92-99%. Ibi ahanini bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mugihe umubyeyi atwite na nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana no gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbura ibere umwana akagaburirwa hakoreshejwe insimbura bere nka bebelo aho kumwonsa. Iyo gahunda yo kwifashisha insimbura bere ishoboka, byoroshye kubigeraho, hari ingurane ndetse ari nta mabura kindi abikumira kandi kubigeraho bikaba byoroshye, umubyeyi usanganywe ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA agomba kwirinda byimazeyo konsa umwana we; ariko konsa umwana ni ibintu byingenzi muri ya mezi y'ibanze kugirango umwana abashe gukura neza iyo biri ngombwa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko umwana yonswa muri ayo mezi y'ibanze ni ngombwa ko umwana akomeza gufata imiti ya "prophylaxis" kugirango arindwe kwandura virusi itera SIDA ayanduzwa na nyina binyuze mu kumwonsa. Mu mwaka wa 2015, igihugu cya Cuba cyabaye icya mbere mu gukumira no kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA. === Urukingo === Kugeza ubu nta rukingo ruraboneka rwa virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza amagingo aya; urukingo rukiri mu igeragezwa ruhari rukoreshwa kandi rugaragaza ko rufite uburyo rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ni urwitwa "RV 144", rwavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 2009 ndetse rugaragaza ko rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugeza ku kigereranyo kingana na 30%, ibi bikaba bitera ibyiringiro byejo hazaza mu muryango wubushakashatsi bwo gukora urukingo rukora neza kurushaho. Haracyakorwa izindi nkingo zigerageza zishingiye ku rukingo rwa "RV 144" ndetse birakomeje. == Umuti/Ubuvuzi == Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari, nta rukingo rurinda virusi itera SIDA. Umuti uyivura uhari ni ugizwe n'imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy) ufasha kurinda ko indwara ya SIDA yihuta gukura no gukomera cyane ikwirakwiza ubukana buzahaza umuburi/ubuzima. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010 abantu barenga miliyoni 6,6 bakiriye bene iyi miti mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiciriritse. Uyu muti ukubiyemo imiti ikumira ikanavura indwara z'ibyuririzi bya SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe, abarwayi babiri bari banduye virusi itera SIDA niba bamaze kuyikira burundu. Kwihutira gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma yo kwisuzumisha bigaragaza ko bitanga amahirwe menshi n'icyizere cyiza mu kuyivura yaba mu bantu barangwa n'ubukene nabafite ubuzima buciriritse. === Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA === [[File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|alt=A white prescription bottle with the label Stribild. Next to it are ten green oblong pills with the marking 1 on one side and GSI on the other.|thumb|''[[:en:Stribild|Stribild]]'' – niyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa buri munsi nka "ART regime" igizwe na [[:en:Elvitegravir|elvitegravir]], [[:en:Emtricitabine|emtricitabine]], [[:en:Tenofovir|tenofovir]] nifasha gutera imbaraga umubiri [[:en:Cobicistat|cobicistat]]]] Imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART) ifatwa mu buryo bwo kuyivanga/gukomatanya bikunze kwitwa "cocktails" bukubiyemo imiti igera ku moko atatu iri mu byiciro bibiri by'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi "antiretroviral agents". Mu ikubitir ryo kuvura habanza gukoreshwa uburyo bwa "non-nucleoside revers transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)" hiyongereyeho ubundi buryo bubiri bwa "nucleoside analog analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs)". NRTI zisanzwe zirimo: imiti ya zidovudine (AZT) cyangwa tenofovir (TDF) na lamivudine (3TC) cyangwa emtricitabine (FTC). Uhereye muri 2019, dolutegravir / lamivudine / tenofovir yashyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi nk’umurongo wa mbere uvura abantu bakuru, hamwe na tenofovir / lamivudine / efavirenz mu bundi buryo bwakwifashisha kuvura abantu bakuru. Gukomatanya imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka "protease inhibitor (PI)" bikoreshwa mu gihe imiti ifatwa mu buryo buvuzwe haruguru bitarimo gutanga umusaruro mwiza ufatika ku murwayi wanduye. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika batanga amabwiriza ashishikariza abantu gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (harimo n'abagore batwite) bakayitangira kuyifata byihuse bakimara gupimwa, hatitawe ku mubare wabasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count". Iyo uwanduye atangiye gufata imiti ni byiza ko yirinda kuyihagarika cyangwa kurambirwa kuyifata. Abantu benshi bapimwa bagasanga baranduye bikunze kubaho byaratinze gutangira imiti kubera kwipimisha bakererewe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwivuza ni uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bukoresha "Plasma HIV-RNA count" ibara munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL. Ikigero gifatirwaho kumenya nimba ubuvuzi bwa virusi itera SIDA burimo gukora neza bupimwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bigera kuri bine (4) igisubizo cyaza kiri munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL hakurikiraho gufata ibizamini buri mezi atatu cyangwa atandatu kandi ibyo biba bihagije. Igenzura ridahagije rifatwa ko za "plasma HIV-RNA count" rirenze kopi 400 kuri buri mL. Ukurikije ibi bipimo mu kuvura virusi itera SIDA bitanga icyizere mu kurwanya ubukana bwa bwayo mubantu barenga 95% mumwaka wambere wo kwisuzumisha no kwivuza. Inyungu zo kwivuza zirimo kugabanuka kw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri kuburyo bitagera aho bizahaza ubuzima ku kigero cyo kubura ubudahangarwa mu mubiri ari nacyo cyiciro byitwa ko umuntu arwaye SIDA ndetse no kugabanya ibyaho byo gupfa vuba. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abantu bavurwa mu buryo bwiza kandi hakiri kare bibatera kugira ubuzima buhagaze neza bw'umubiri no mu mitekerereze. Muzindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza hakiri kare; bigabanya 70% by'ibyago byo kwandura igituntu ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Izindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza no gutangira imiti kare; bigabanya ibyaho byo kwanduza abaryamana n'uwanduye n'ibyago by'uko umubyeyi yakwanduza umwana atwite cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa ku mwonsa. Kugirango umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza biterwa n'uburyo yiha gahunda yo gufata imiti bijyanye n'imyifatire ye agomba guhindura mu mabwiriza ahabwa na muganga. Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma hatubahirizwa gahunda zo gufata imiti neza kandi ku gihe harimo; kubura uburyo bwo guhabwa imiti n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi/ubuzima, kubura gahunda zirimo gufasha abarwayi kwiyakira no kubaganiriza, uburwayi bw'imitekerereze no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Amoko atandukanye y'ubuvuzi n'umubare mwinshi w'imiti ifatwa igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ingaruka zo kubikoresha nabyo biri mu bintu bituma abanduye bacika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti ku gihe. Hamwe n'uko igiciro cy'iyo miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA byabigiramo uruhare, 47% byabari bakeneye iyo miti bayibonaga kandi baturuka mu bantu babayeho mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiri mu buzima buciriritse mu mwaka wa 2010 ndetse ubwitabire bwo gufata imiti usanga bungana yaba mu bihugu bikennye ndetse n'ibihugu byateye imbere. Hari ingaruka ziterwa no gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka harimo: umubiri kunanirwa gukora uturema ngingo dutuma umubiri ugira amavuta ahagije "lipodystrophy Syndrome", dyslipidemia, na diabete ifata urwagashya, cyane kubakoresha "protease inhibitor". Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo impiswi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’indwara zifata umutima. Ubuvuzi bushya bugezweho buzwiho ingaruka nke kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kuba ifitanye isano no gutera ubumuga buvukanwa bityo bikaba bidakwiriye abagore bateganya kubyara kuba bayikoresha. Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ihabwa abana bakiri bato itandukanye nihabwa abantu bakuze. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rishishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka itanu; abana bari hejuru yimyaka itanu bavurwa kimwe nkabantu bakuru. Amabwiriza ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ashishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’amezi 12 na buri wese ufite ibipimo bya "HIV RNA" bingana na 100.000 / mL ufite imyaka iri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka itanu. Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EMA) cyasabye ko habaho uruhushya rwo kwamamaza ku miti ibiri mishya igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ARV), rilpivirine (Rekambys) na cabotegravir (Vocabria), kugira ngo ikoreshwe hamwe mu kuvura abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA yo mu bwoko bwa (HIV -1). Ubu bwoko bw'iyi iti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA nibwo bwa mbere buje mu buvuzi bwigihe kirekire hifashishwa gutera inshinge. Ibi bivuze ko aho kuba ibinini bya buri munsi, abantu batera inshinge buri kwezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri. Gukomatanya inshinge za Rekambys na Vocabria bigamije kubungabunga ubuvuzi ku babantu bakuru bafite virusi itera SIDA itagaragara mumaraso (ubwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA bugaragara ku gipimo cya kopi 50 / ml) babifatanyije hamwe nubuvuzi bwabo bwa ARV, kandi mugihe virusi itigeze itera imbaraga zo kurwanya icyiciro runaka cy'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa "non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) na integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INI). === Indwara z'ibyuririzi === Ingamba zo gukumira indwara z'ibyuririzi ziratanga icyizere mu bantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA. Usibye kunoza indwara zubu, ubuvuzi hifashishijwe gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA biri mubigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'ibyuririzi. Abakuze ndetse n'urubyiruko babana na virusi itera SIDA (ndetse no kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA) kabone no ku batagaragara ko banduye igituntu cyangwa a ashobora kuba bafite umutwaro wo kuba baranduye igituntu bagomba gufata ubuvuzi bwa "isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT); bagakorerwa ikizamini cyuruhu gipima igituntu kugirango harebwe nimba hakenewe guhabwa ubuvuzi bwa IPT. Inkingo z'indwara z'umwijima za hepatitis A na B zishishikarizwa guhabwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere ko bagira ibyago byo kwandura bene izo ndwara z'umwijima. Gukoresha imiti y'ubwoko bwa Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis bana bakivuka bari hagati yibyumweru bine na bitandatu byamavuko, no guhagarika konsa abana bavutse kubabyeyi banduye virusi itera SIDA, birashishikarizwa cyane ku badafite amikoro ahagije. Birashishikarijwe gukumira PCP mugihe abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 babarwa ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 200 / uL no mubasanganywe PCP cyangwa abigeze kuyirwara. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa mu mubiri "immunosuppression" buhagije bashishikarizwa gufata imiti ya toxoplasmose na MAC. Ingamba zikwiye zo gukumira zagabanije umuvuduko w’izi ndwara ku kigero cya 50% hagati ya 1992 na 1997. Urukingo rw’ibicurane n’urukingo rwa pneumococcal polysaccharide rukunze gusabwa ku bantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bifite ingaruka nziza zigaragaza ku buzima bwabo iyo bayifashe. === Indyo === Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatanze ibyifuzo bijyanye n'intungamubiri zikenewe ku bamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Muri rusange indyo yuzuye ni nayo ishishikarizwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA. Gufata indyo yuzuye ifite intunga mubiri zihagije kurwego rwa RDA ku bantu bakuru banduye virusi itera SIDA ni inama nziza itangwa n'ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS); gufata cyane vitamine A, zinc, na iron bigira ingaruka zitari nziza ku buzima bwabamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubantu bakuze nta nubwo ari byiza keretse niba hari ibigaragaza ko byagabanutse mu mubiri. Gufata indyo z'inyongera "diatary supplmentation" yuzuye kubantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bafite imirire idahagije cyangwa indyo idahagije bifasha gushimangira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa kubafasha gukira indwara zimwe na zimwe; icyakora, ibimenyetso byerekana inyungu rusange muburwayi cyangwa kugabanya impfu zabazira indwara ya SIDA ntabwo bifitiwe ubushakashatsi kuri byo. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza inyungu k'ubuzima bwamaze kwandura visuri itera SIDA iyo bafashe indyo y'inyongera irimo intungamubiri ya "selenium". Ku bagore batwite n'abonsa banduye virusi itera SIDA, indyo z'inyongera zirimo amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine byongera umusaruro ku buzima bwiza ku babyeyi ndetse n'abana. Niba umubyeyi utwite cyangwa wonsa yagiriwe inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugira ngo yirinde kwanduza virusi itera SIDA umwana atwite/yonsa, gufata amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine ntizigomba gusimbuzwa ubwo buvuzi. Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko abana bato banduye virusi itera SIDA bafata indyo y'inyongera irimo vitamine A igabanya impfu ndetse ikongerera gukura neza. === Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura === Muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika, abagera kuri 60% banduye virusi itera SIDA bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi bwuzuzanya cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'inyongera, imikoreshereze yayo ntabwo ifitiwe ubushakashatsi bw'imbitse bwemeza imikorere yayo neza. Nta bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ikoreshwa ry'imiti gakondo cyangwa imiti ikomoka ku bimera. Nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari bishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu gutera ubushake bwo kurya no kubyibuha k'umubiri. {{Image frame|width=520<!-- Must be kept at this size at this point (December 2017) -->|content={{Global Heat Maps by Year| title=| table=HIV rates.tab| column=HIV_rate| columnName=Percent of people with HIV/AIDS| year=2017}}|caption=Percentage of people with HIV/AIDS.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last1=Roser |first1=Max |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |title=HIV / AIDS |url=https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids |journal=Our World in Data |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004044032/https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>|align=right}} * [[Category:SIDA]] '''ICYITONDERWA:''' Byashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda bikuwe ku rwandiko rw'umwimerere rusangwa ku murongo ukurikira; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS</ref> </font> <ul> 7afm3mgubj7exi0zchdh0b1xbwxl4uz 10 8000 70731 2016-10-26T15:44:01Z Hagenimana 6052 Created page with "'''Kwirinda sida''' *hakoreshejwe; *&rarr;Kwifata*Gukoresha agakingirizo *Kudaca inyuma uwo mwashakanye *Gukurikiza inama za muganga.[[Virusi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwirinda sida''' *hakoreshejwe; *&rarr;Kwifata*Gukoresha agakingirizo *Kudaca inyuma uwo mwashakanye *Gukurikiza inama za muganga.[[Virusi]] roma25fe4d5j5fmv7v5v9jgasvs11jt 0 8001 77891 70732 2021-08-18T10:57:57Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virusi''' *[[virusi]] ni agakoko gatera [[SIDA]] *[[Dosiye:HIV on macrophage.png|thumb|347x347px|Virusi itera Sida]]Kakaba kandurira mu kwivanga kwa amaraso yumuntu muzima hamwe nuwanduye *Kakaba arigato ntikagaragara keretse kurebesha ibyuma byabugenewe nka; (mikorosikopi)Microscopy. 6hpu9wxhnrlcy8b84o2hnnxaixl7ugu 4 8002 70733 2016-10-26T15:58:50Z Hagenimana 6052 Created page with "Jya kuri [[SIDA]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Jya kuri [[SIDA]] lqyc1jgp9t4ujxgt5fojetb043ilx9r 4 8003 70734 2016-10-26T16:02:21Z Hagenimana 6052 Created page with "Kanda hano [[Virusi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Kanda hano [[Virusi]] t6vtacfflkrzpapbn8lobqfwzr0elr9 0 8006 79173 70737 2021-08-31T09:50:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Fabien in Umuryarwanda #[[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]][[Hagenimana]] or #[[wikipedia:Fabien|Fabien]] dppuqrjxchhqgospw7fc50sb3k6u1wb 0 8016 82523 77831 2022-04-15T14:43:59Z 41.186.78.230 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 8017 83611 78430 2022-05-15T15:27:54Z 178.159.230.108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abahutu''' ni abantu bari bagize kimwe mu byiciro byarangaga u Rwanda rwo hambere y’abakoroni, Ariko bahageze baza kubihundura ubwo. [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu| ]] loc6y3pknmt7yf8s70kf17xjh13o4l1 0 8018 79973 79970 2021-11-09T09:47:05Z Kibongo Simon Peter 10317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Bumbogo uherereye mu akarere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa Kigali]] Email: [[Mailto:bumbogo sector@yahoo.com|bumbogo_sector@yahoo.com]] Website: [https://bumbogosector.rw https://bumbogosector.rw Sura website y'Umurenge wa Bumbogo] Bumbogo ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'itanu (15 ) ibarizwa mu Karere ka Gasabo kabarizwa m'uturere dutatu tugize m'Umujyi wa Kigali. Umurenge wa Bumbogo ufite utugari 7 n'imidugudu 43. 0tubdqeh4rm61ube319x4ljmpon7479 0 8019 77715 70775 2021-08-15T15:04:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rubavu_round_about.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyundo uboneka mu karere ka Rubavu ]] [[Dosiye:Gisenyi_majengo.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage batuye umurenge wa Nyundo muri Rubavu]] AKAGARI KA NYUNDO AKAGARI KA MUKONDO AKAGARI KA RUMBATI h0pyb8wavzrgz3pbhy5xa2snuvts10l 0 8023 79179 72654 2021-08-31T10:02:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Marcos with Bosworths.jpg|thumb]] '''Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos''' (1917-1989), Perezida wa 10 wa [[Filipine]].  [[Dosiye:Philippine Flags for Independence Day.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|philippine]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Marcos, Ferdinand}} [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] sq8nhotflns2xm69qvftfdwg8t73jv2 0 8024 78488 77028 2021-08-25T00:52:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|akarere ka gisagara]] [[Dosiye:Marie (Rwanda FrontLines, January 2013) (8223413021).jpg|thumb|marie]] Akarere ka Gisagara ni kamwe mu turere tugize intara y'amajyepfo [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Rwanda]] ns32qa3t87b16flveas2lwgh7p9t1dz 0 8030 79319 78926 2021-08-31T21:46:10Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nico cartoon 1971.jpg|thumb|250px|[[File:Autograph of Hans Martin Sutermeister.svg|frameless]]]] [[Dosiye:Philadelphia County Prison (Moyamensing Prison) Philadelphia PA (2) 139915pu.jpg|thumb|Prison]] [[Dosiye:Hans Martin Sutermeister at home, aug. 1961.JPG|thumb| '''Martin Sutermeister''']] '''Yohani (Hans) Martin Sutermeister''' ([[Ubusuwisi]], 29 [[Nzeri]] [[1907]] – 5 [[Gicurasi]] [[1977]]), pseudonym '''Hans Moehrlen''', yari umuganga wafashaga abantu babaga barashyzwe muri gereza kuburengane (''[[:fr:Syndicat suisse des détenus|Syndicat suisse des détenus]]''). Yanditse ibitabo byinshi byerekeye ubuganga nibindi byerekeye [[ubuzima]] bwe (''Zwischen zwei Welten'', 1942).<ref>Fredi Lerch: [http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/16882 ''Depoimento precoce de não-conformismo suíço.''] ''Revista Espaço Acadêmico'', v. 11, n. 134 (2012), p. 181-183.</ref> Kuva 1968 kugera 1971 yari Diregiteri wa ishuri rya [[Berne]] [[Dosiye:Philadelphia County Prison (Moyamensing Prison) Philadelphia PA (AD7) 00007a.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|prison]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2011077794/ WorldCat] * [http://katalog.burgerbib.ch/detail.aspx?ID=219344 Nachlass], [[Burgerbibliothek Bern]] {{commons category|Hans Martin Sutermeister}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abasuwisi]] [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Abagabo]] a2p7np3d1ovzfiy6zq9wtwbi3xpmvyc 0 8033 72715 72386 2020-07-31T14:14:17Z Mrbobax 8233 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gasabo morning sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise mountain]] Umurenge wa Kacyiru uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]]. 367lobrx64b5ixkc2zdkmjkb4c2klqc 0 8034 82061 77704 2022-02-17T17:50:36Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Nyungwe_Tea_plantation.jpg|Nyungwe_Tea_plantation.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by RebeccaRwanda|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RusiziDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Muganza uherereye mu karere ka Rusizi mu intara y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda.]] [[Dosiye:Rusizi_town.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Rusizi]] Umurenge wa Muganza uhererereye mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bw' akarere ka Rusizi (-2.6133136549023903, 29.01959164694231)<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/search/muganza+sector,+cimerwa/@-2.616829,28.9766763,13z</ref>.Ugizwe n'utugali dutatu aritwo Shara, Gakoni na Cyarukara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 |accessdate=2021-03-08 |archive-date=2021-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173804/https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=156 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. Akagali ka Shara gaherereye kuva ku ryambere ( First street) kugera ku ryagatatu (Third street), aka Gakoni gaherereye Kuryakane kugera kuryagatandatu, naho aka Cyarukara kava kuryakarindwi kugera kurya munani. Imwe mu mirenge bihana imbibi Bugarama, Rwimbogo, Gitambi na Gikundamvura. Uyu murenge niwo uherereyemo uruganda rwa CIMERWA ltd rukora isima<ref>https://cimerwa.rw/#</ref>, ukaba unazwiho guhinga umuceri dore ko ufite ubuso bunini buhigwamo umuceli mu kibaya cyimbo. Bikaba byumvikana ko abaturage baho batuzwe cyane n'ubuhinzi. k87v8rxrsgdw498uv1tulagu3w7pf31 0 8035 71465 71268 2018-03-27T11:07:48Z RudolfSimon 651 Photo added wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OLPC logo.png|thumb|left|Logo of OLPC]] [[File:Xo intro v2.jpg|thumb|OLPC Laptop]] [[File:OLPC classroom teaching.JPG|thumb|OLPC classroom teaching]] [[File:2018-03-23 OLPC training Rwanda.jpg|thumb|OLPC training]] '''Laptop/Mudasobwa imwe kuri buri mwana''' (in English '''One Laptop per Child''' or '''OLPC''') ni gahunda idaharanira inyungu yashyizweho ifite intego yo guhindura uburezi bw’ abana ku isi. Iyi ntego yari kugerwaho aruko hakozwe kandi Hagakwirakwizwa ibikoresho by’uburezi mu isi ikiri munzira y’amajyambere ndetse hagashyirwamo porogaramu ninyigisho muribyo bikoresho.  == ==   Intego yayo nyamukuru ikomeje kuba guhindura uburezi muguha ubushobozi abana bo mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere kugira uburenzira kunyigisho, amakuru, naho gukorera porogaramu za mudasobwa. Mugihe iyi gahunda yatangizwaga, igiciro fatizo kuri mudasobwa yari amadolari arenga igihumbi y’Amerika ($1,000 US), bityo ntibyari gushoboka kugera kuriyi ntego uretse gukora imashini zihendutse. Iyi yabaye mudasobwa ya OLPC XO, ifite igiciro gito kandi zikoresha n’umuriro muke. Mwitangira umushinga waterwaga inkunga itagizwe n’amafaranga n’abagize imiryango nka AMD, eBay, Google, Marvell Technology Group, News Corporation, Nortel. Chi Mei Corporation, Red Hat, na Quanta.  == == [[File:OLPC_XO_computer_at_work_at_Ste._Joseph_Technical_School.jpg|thumb|150px| Laptop yo mu bwoko bwa XO ]] Umushinga wa OLPC washimwe henshi ndetse uba ntamakemwa. Uyu mushinga washimwe kubw’imashini zigiciro gito, zikoresha umuriro muke, ndetse wizeza ubufatanye mu rwego rwa za Minisiteri mu bihugu byinshi aho za mudasobwa zikoreshwa nka kimwe mu ishingiro ry’uburezi, gushyiraho ahantu hafasha gukoresha mudasobwa nta kijijinganya mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose ndetse byumwihariko nta bumenyi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. Bakiriye ibitekerezo byinshi harimo ibirebana na gahunda yabo, ndetse nibijyanye n’uburyo bwabo nk’imfashanyo, kuzikoresha muburyo bworoshye, umutekano wazo, ibizikorerwaho nubuzima bwite bwabyo.  Abayobozi b’Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bavugiye kumugaragaro kubijyanye numwihariko w’igiciro cyuyu mushinga, kubijyanye n’umuco ndetse nibihabwa agaciro ugereranyije nibikenewe n’abaturage by’ibanze mubihugu bikiri munzira y’amajyambere. az9syxqrazua81i8vljpfn661cns01l 0 8036 70897 70845 2017-02-28T01:28:26Z Xqbot 767 Robot : répare une double redirection vers [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)]] q5igxpmfbxrm82vkjyzw00awc8ghlww 0 8037 70854 2017-02-19T19:32:49Z RudolfSimon 651 Created page with "[[File:Stadtbibliothek Stuttgart und Umgebung.JPG|thumb|Stuttgart city]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stadtbibliothek Stuttgart und Umgebung.JPG|thumb|Stuttgart city]] nojy6kuw9isf8qp35rxq01t495uq9ns 0 8038 70882 70855 2017-02-20T13:26:04Z RudolfSimon 651 Photo added wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TyDresden20050921i0636.jpg|thumb|700px|left|Panorama Dresden]] [[File:Frauenkirche Dresden 2015.jpg|thumb|Frauenkirche Dresden]] ogjn5hs92d6b650pt477ukccitvch8h 0 8039 70892 2017-02-26T23:05:33Z RudolfSimon 651 RudolfSimon moved page [[One Laptop per Child]] to [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)]]: Translated wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)]] q5igxpmfbxrm82vkjyzw00awc8ghlww 0 8042 77766 70915 2021-08-16T12:05:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyakariro uri mu akarere ka Rwamagana ]] Nyakariro 8po6rclprqyhs1v2pqkhkkn3w59nn2k 0 8043 79317 78419 2021-08-31T21:44:57Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|thumb|100px|]] [[File:Europe location BHG.png|300px|right|]] [[Dosiye:RSrpskaetno2013.pdf|thumb|Šiprage]] '''Šiprage''' – (izina mu kinyabosiniya na kinyakorowasi : Šiprage ; izina mu kinyaseribiya : Шипраге) na [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] [[Uburayi]].<ref>http://www.kartabih.com/</ref><ref>Vojnogeografski institut, Ed. (1962): Šiprage (List karte 1:25.000, Izohipse na 20 m). Vojnogeografski institut, Beograd / Military Geographical Institute, Ed. (1962): Šiprage (map sheet 1: 25.000, Contour lines at 20 m). Military Geographical Institute, Belgrade.</ref> ==Galleria== [[Dosiye:Rue des Marchands depuis le Koïfhus (Colmar) (4).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Euro]] <gallery widths="300px" heights="200px"> |Plan (18,42 x 14.2 m) Roman basilica, 5. century |One of two last stećak, 12. century </gallery> ==Sauyin yanayi== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" class="toccolours" 0.5em solid #999; 100% |- style="text-align:center;" |style="background:pink| |style="background:#dfd; "|'''Ø t°'''<br/> (°C) | style="background:pink|'''Min. t°''' <br>(°C) | style="background:#dfd; "|'''Max. t°'''<br>(°C) | style="background:pink| '''↓↓↓''' <br/>(mm) |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue| '''I''' | –1,7 | –4,8 |1,4 |59 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue|'''II''' |0,3 | –3,6 |4,2 |63 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#F5DEB3" |'''III''' |4,6 | –0,1 |9,3 |59 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:#ddffdd;fff3;''|'''IV''' |9,1 |3,9 |14,3 |74 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightgreen|'''V''' |13,6 |8,1 |19,2 |90 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightgreen|'''VI''' |17,2 |11,5 |22,9 |99 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:pink|'''VII''' |18,9 |12,6 |25,3 |81 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:red|'''VIII''' |18,4 |11,9 |24,9 |76 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:#dfd;"|'''IX''' |14,7 |8,6 |20,9 |71 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#F5DEB3" |'''X''' |9,5 |4,7 |14,4 |79 |-style="text-align:center;" |'''style="background: bgcolor="#C2B280" |'''XI''' |4,4 |1,0 |7,8 |100 |-style="text-align:center;" | style="background:lightblue|'''XII''' |0,1 |–2,7 |3,0 |88 |}<ref>https://en.climate-data.org/location/905786/</ref> ==Demography== {| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 class="toccolours" style="align: left; margin: 0.5em 0 0 0; border-style: solid; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" |- |'''Makore''' |style="background:#f3fff3;" |1879. |style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1885. |style="background:#f3fff3;" |1895. |style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1910. |style="background:#f3fff3;" |1921. |colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1931. | style="background:#f3fff3;" |1948. | colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1953. | style="background:#f3fff3;" |1961. | colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1971. | style="background:#f3fff3;" |1981. | colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center" |1991. | style="background:#f3fff3;" |2013. |- |'''Uwandu hwevanhu''' |64 (1.312+) |277 (1.575+) |88 (1.426+) |159 (760+) |999 |5.098* |1.774 |7.764* | 828 |822 |1.183 |952 |788 |}<ref name=<“SZVB“>{{cite book|editor=Štatistički zavod Zemaljske vlade BiH|year=1880|title=Štatistika miesta i pučanstva Bosne i Hercegovine – Službeno izdanje|publisher=Zemaljska vlada Bosne i Hercegovine|place=Sarajevo}}</ref> *1931, 1953: Municipality Šiprage<br/> + Nharaunda Šiprage [[File:Grafika.png|left|thumb|Uwandu hwevanhu 1961-2013]] ==Reference== <references/> ==Internet== {{Commonscat|Šiprage}} * [http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ ] *http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia *http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ *http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx *http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia *http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ *http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx *http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H [[Category:Bosiniya na Herizegovina]] s15hvchmiqn1jiq8j5bswplnohkaxcr 0 8044 75495 75494 2021-05-14T12:22:54Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kim Il Sung Portrait-4.jpg|thumb]] '''Kim Il-sung '''(1912-1994), Perezida wa 1 wa [[Koreya ya Ruguru]].  == อ้างอิง == {{รายการอ้างอิง}} m4spuz2zb7ys1i140933pwlme8ymgdw 0 8047 77706 70973 2021-08-15T12:58:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa murambi uboneka mu karere ka Rulindo]] [[Dosiye:Road_in_Rulindo,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Road in Rulindo, Rwanda]] Ugira utugari 4 aritwo MVUZO MUGAMBAZI GATWA BUBANGU 29ia2qie31idxhryi2k8bq3xhrvt8jx 0 8049 77850 76623 2021-08-18T01:44:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hôtel de ville (3).JPG|thumb|right|Ibiro bikuru by'Umujyi wa Roubaix]] [[Dosiye:Piscine_Roubaix_16.jpg|thumb|Piscine Roubaix]] Umujyi wa '''Roubaix''' (izina mu [[gifaransa]] : ''Roubaix'' ; izina mu [[giholandi]] : ''Robaais'' ) n'umujyi w'[[Ubufaransa]] mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, hafi y'umupaka w'[[Ububiligi]]. Mu mwaka wa 2013, umujyi wa Roubaix wari ufite abaturage {{formatnum:95866}}. [[Dosiye:Roubaix OSM 01.png|center|thumb|320x320px|map]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.ville-roubaix.fr/ Rubuga rwa interineti rw'Umujyi wa Roubaix] <small>'''(fr)'''</small> [[Category:Imijyi y’u Bufaransa|Roubaix]] 2scivl0pdsyqaxlw3kascuk18jy20sj 14 8050 70979 70977 2017-05-28T19:50:40Z Trauenbaum 4458 Trauenbaum moved page [[Category:Imijyi y'Ubufaransa]] to [[Category:Imijyi y’u Bufaransa]]: Imijyi y'Ubufaransa -> Imijyi y’u Bufaransa‎ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Ubufaransa]] siul79crwzsf8hchtxraf2ifhc725l4 14 8051 70980 2017-05-28T19:50:40Z Trauenbaum 4458 Trauenbaum moved page [[Category:Imijyi y'Ubufaransa]] to [[Category:Imijyi y’u Bufaransa]]: Imijyi y'Ubufaransa -> Imijyi y’u Bufaransa‎ wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Imijyi y’u Bufaransa]] drxamfjnrtx58d217txjweeqsiublb0 0 8052 70995 2017-06-01T03:09:58Z 153.107.193.205 Redirected page to [[Batman (umujyi)]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Batman (umujyi)]] n4cqcogwb16x95isou6uponlsu09nec 14 8053 71006 2017-06-14T18:41:18Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Aragonese. 6h12mvtt9puhchzo6j53ku26o1o59k8 14 8054 71007 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Inyebosiniya. b8nxjo4mbyfmc0o9vjeofprxzabemab 14 8055 71008 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Kashubian. alrblhge201pe4b36xl4275l647ih4g 14 8056 71009 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Lower Sorbian. 2un512wmaeobdxr9mtlc2kk86ter6h1 14 8057 71010 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Upper Sorbian. mty2qmfx2yoo3b8z6r3944hcgzuca3w 14 8058 71011 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Kongo. pl8zbum0knx64b80a4rjwngtqsqldpq 14 8059 71012 2017-06-14T18:41:19Z 217.69.133.224 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Sardinian. k3v8ylpi4ir6tlkqy1lz45judkgvbt1 14 8061 71015 2017-06-18T15:56:57Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Malagasy. 2o0uz9zcqd1o1dvd3tcc3dyetlprvrg 14 8062 71016 2017-06-18T20:35:35Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Simplified Chinese. bbq1zqf4k1bm2u42gedqg9rjagmbxz9 14 8063 71017 2017-06-18T20:35:35Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Traditional Chinese. 9h8i2mt29rkj76oa50y2xn10wvc03w0 14 8064 71018 2017-06-18T23:41:51Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Austrian German. ng07egl1q10ntgf7b032xkvp3qwwyln 14 8068 71023 2017-06-19T15:19:57Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Mirandese. 41sei1wcd2xf45zehrz8eusvjxp5454 14 8069 71029 2017-06-27T23:01:08Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Ikibengali. p1m0oz0iv7l7yrgueg1shdqy00gue1p 14 8071 71032 2017-06-29T23:22:09Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Scots. s5q09djr7ddg4z00fxb9oxfvpmp2lrk 14 8072 71033 2017-06-29T23:22:09Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Norfuk / Pitkern. ns4yrpcdcja1n9wqyc382kkui6rw945 14 8073 71034 2017-06-29T23:22:09Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Novial. 7q1yiwzuqr7q6zxbvkx8y7rrp1vrioh 14 8076 71055 2017-07-12T20:27:22Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Ikinyaletoviyani. dssozfx2gp1i8hhbxxkpdq80x6devds 14 8077 71056 2017-07-12T20:27:22Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Abkhazian. 5p51phppgb9iuyp7pe9jx7uf5gosu5z 14 8078 71057 2017-07-12T20:27:22Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Rundi. qhis9qaw3w5bpntx0axrc2g05ri6na7 0 8081 78331 71834 2021-08-24T06:44:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lula - foto oficial - 05 jan 2007.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</font>]] [[Dosiye:Luiz_Inacio_Lula_da_Silva_and_Juan_Manuel_Santos.jpg|thumb|Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva na Juan Manuel Santos]] '''Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva''' ([[27 Ukwakira]] [[1945]] &ndash;), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Burezile|35]] wa [[Burezile]]. == Imiyoboro == * [http://www.institutolula.org/ Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva website] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Burezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abagabo]] q7i8e59oigscswvqblhgxw7qc91b4n6 0 8082 79184 77346 2021-08-31T10:10:09Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Michel Temer (foto oficial).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Michel Temer</font>]] [[Dosiye:Michel_Temer_(foto).jpg|thumb|Michel Temer ]] '''Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia''' ([[23 Nzeri]] [[1940]] &ndash;), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Burezile|37]] wa [[Burezile]]. == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170727051957/http://micheltemer.com.br/ Michel Temer website] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Burezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abagabo]] mcytghqwc1j6g0zisby3i87rjqsxll0 14 8083 71064 2017-07-19T19:26:41Z GustavoMaciel 6144 Created page with "[[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] jd6y3xcsjl4n7hvnogvdniwg9dy7rpu 14 8084 71065 2017-07-19T19:31:47Z GustavoMaciel 6144 Created page with "[[Category:Burezile]] [[Category:Umuntu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Burezile]] [[Category:Umuntu]] 36fewqyiywfxohiuark47cdbc1anq7s 0 8085 79107 78563 2021-08-31T07:56:19Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Dilma Rousseff</font>]] '''Dilma Vana Rousseff''' ([[14 Ukuboza]] [[1947]] &ndash;), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Burezile|36]] wa [[Burezile]]. [[Dosiye:Flag map of Brazil.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Brasil]] [[Dosiye:Dilma_Rousseff_2010.jpg|thumb|Dilma Rousseff ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Rousseff, Dilma}} [[Category:Abaperezida ba Burezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] a6cyokm97ym5tjftku1ls2dat0pqhir 0 8086 79178 79177 2021-08-31T10:00:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999).jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</font>]] [[Dosiye:Brazil.FernandoHenriqueCardoso.01.jpg|thumb|Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] '''Fernando Henrique Cardoso''' ([[18 Kamena]] [[1931]] &ndash;), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Burezile|34]] wa [[Burezile]]. [[Dosiye:Brasil flag icon.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Brasil]] == Imiyoboro == * [http://fundacaofhc.org.br/ Fernando Henrique Cardoso website] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Burezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 1coladjqbnjj33mfhduz83nthytnfpj 14 8088 71076 2017-07-21T05:52:14Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Inyoriya. kg3iz1fkjq0hldw7p3fvm55k7sjczj8 14 8089 71077 2017-07-21T05:52:14Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Pali. 9xtzupf30dvmb9avgf56szcxsbk5t10 14 8090 71078 2017-07-21T05:52:14Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Igikanada. 00gb0vmr3ap881entdjcilry8p6o2yy 14 8093 71084 2017-07-25T03:50:00Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Literary Chinese. 9a44qhro3359rkc9dhr3gagygdsnjqa 14 8094 71085 2017-07-25T04:15:13Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Norwegian Bokmål. bbcxy38ngoxrsoky6m9xkujzaypki7l 14 8095 71086 2017-07-25T04:15:13Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Inyejeworujiya. pqvxxssxuo9c4y3r27lakup0d1f5840 0 8100 77084 71103 2021-08-06T15:10:57Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RWAMAGANA_Coffee_Monument.jpg|thumb|Kigabiro ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka RWAMAGANA ikungahaye ku buhinzi bw'akawa n'urutoki ]] [[Dosiye:Rwamagana_Round_About.jpg|thumb|Aka karere ka Rwamagana gakize cyane k'ubuhinzi bw'ibitoki]] KIGABIRO sector is a capital city of RWAMAGANA district, EASTERN province,RWANDA kigabiro holds the headquarters of eastern province,eastern province police hqs kigabiro has muhazi as neighbour az8ywxd937fmnz7993hwht6jkd8l8ry 0 8108 77613 73980 2021-08-14T14:54:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Engineers_at_the_Construction_Site_07.jpg|thumb|HABIMANA Jean Dieu n'inzobere mubyubwubatsi bw'amashuri mu Karere ka Gakenke.]] HABIMANA Jean Dieu School Construction Engineer in Gakenke District Bsc in Civil Engineering From National University of Rwanda Born on 8th/10/1983 in Cyabingo sector/Gakenke District From 1990 to 1999 Kamisave Primary School From 1999 to 2002 O' level Kagogo Secondary School From 2002 to 2005 A' level in Math-Phys at Musanze Sciences School From 15/04/2006- 2/10/2006 Teacher of physics and mathematics in Kagogo Secondary school From January 2007 to September 2007 EPLM In National University of Rwanda From January 2008 to October 2011 Applied Sciences in National University of Rwanda where I got bsc in Civil Engineering from December 2012 to July 2015 work in Rwanda Education Board as school Construction Engineer in Burera District under contract From October 2015 to August 2016 work in Burera District as School Construction Engineer under Contract From 1/09/2016 up now work in Gakenke District as School Construction Engineer under status dy1dkacdegetnc3oabv4xb93zn4cgrh 0 8109 72630 72629 2020-07-25T12:22:06Z Deborahjay 6702 repeat edit wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Flag of Rwanda]] [[File:RwandaGeoProvinces.png|thumb|Map of Rwanda]] '''Rwandapedia''' tovuti ya habari kuhusu zamani za Rwanda, za sasa na za baadaye. It is funded by the [[African Development Bank]]. It was launched in November 2013.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201311080098.html 'Rwandapedia' Digitizes Rwanda's Past, Present, and Future], Allafrika.com, 7. November 2013</ref> == Weblinks == * [http://www.rwandapedia.rw/ Tovuti Rwandapedia] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5olIey9MoLM Youtube video about Rwandapedia] * [https://www.facebook.com/Rwandapedia/ Facebook Site] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] 7ncwp5z0c9otqhnwgtvh4gstr1qy0bj 0 8111 79363 79337 2021-09-07T17:29:52Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kizito_Mihigo.jpg|Kizito_Mihigo.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:P199|P199]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Kizito Mihigo.jpg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix''' bakunze kwita '''Fondation KMP''', ni umuryango utari uwa Leta washinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 n'umuhanzi [[Kizito Mihigo]]. Intego yawo ni uguharanira amahoro n'ubwiyunge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994<ref name="Igihe">[http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/biography-13647 Ubuzima bwa Kizito Mihigo] Igihe.com, [[Nyakanga]] 2013</ref> <ref name="amahoro">[http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/kizito-mihigo/amakuru/article/kizito-mihigo-na-kmp-bizihije Kizito Mihigo na KMP bizihije umunsi mpuzamahanga w’amahoro ]</ref> == Ibikorwa == Guhera mu mwaka wa 2011, ku bufatanye na Ambassade ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n'umuryango World Vision International, Fondation KMP yatangiye ubukangurambaga mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda no muri za gereza zose zo mu gihugu. Muri Kanama 2011 Kizito Mihigo yahawe igihembo na Madamu Jeannette Kagame kubera ibikorwa by'iyi fondation biharanira amahoro n'ubwiyunge <ref>[http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-08-20/84730/ First Lady awards Young Rwandan Archivers] - The New Times (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Kanama 2011 </ref> Muri Werurwe 2013, KMP yahawe igihembo igihembo n'Ikigo cy'igihugu cy'imiyoborere (RGB) nk'umwe mu miryango itari iya Leta ikora ibikorwa bifasha igihugu mu miyoborere myiza<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151006165523/http://greatlakesvoice.com/civil-society-organs-win-rgb-grants/ Civil Society Organs win RGB awards] - Great Lakes Voice (Mu Cyongereza), 21 Mata 2013</ref> Fondation KMP yahagaritse ibikorwa byayo muri Mata 2014 ubwo umuhanzi Kizito Mihigo yafungwaga na Leta ashinjwa ibyaha byo gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi bwa FPR Inkotanyi, na Perezida wa Repuburika Paul Kagame <ref name="arrestation">[http://rfi.fr/afrique/20140416-rwanda-kagame-karegeya-kizito-mihigo-fdlr-rnc-fpr-attaque-police/ Rwanda: quatre personnes arrêtées, dont le chanteur Kizito Mihigo] - [[RFI]] (Mu Gifaransa), 16 Mata 2014 </ref> ==Inyandiko shingiro== <References/> ==Imbuga== *[http://www.kizitomihigo.com Urubuga rwa Kizito Mihigo] *[http://www.kmp.rw Urubuga rwa Fondation KMP] qyfx67n6h3uft1nr3yi51ohngetp65k 0 8112 79496 77104 2021-10-12T17:42:33Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Flag_of_Rwanda_(2008_Summer_Olympics).svg|Flag_of_Rwanda_(2008_Summer_Olympics).svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by SpinnerLaserzthe2n wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Giraffe_Rwanda.JPG|thumb|Inyamaswa y'umusumbashyamba iboneka muri pariki ya kagera mu Rwanda nayo yari muzahigwaga n'abantu mu gihe cyohambere.]] Amahigi Ni amagambo yifashishwaga n'abanyarwanda bakera, Bari guhiga [[inyamaswa]]. Aya magambo akaba yarari mu rujyano rwimvikana ko Ari indirimbo zo kubatera umurava, kugira ngo bataruha cg bakarambirwa Dore ko byabaga bitoroshye kubona inyamaswa ngo uyice. Bivugwa ko kurubu haruduce tumwe na tumwe nko muburengera zuba no mumajyaruguru hagikoreshwa amagorane ariko mu rwego rwo gususurutsa abana, nkibusakuzo cg mu bitaramo byumugoroba. k8gsx3xqdb8sol72lmci49hu18x87lg 0 8115 77691 71171 2021-08-15T09:31:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyagatareMap.jpg|thumb|Ikarita yerekana imiterere y'akarere ka Nyagatare]] [[Dosiye:Nyagatare_(6158896919).jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage batuye umurenge wa karangazi muri Nyagatare]] [[Dosiye:Vache_de_Nyagatare_15.JPG|thumb|Abaturage benshi batuye uyu murenge wa Karangazi bakora cyane ubworozi bw'inka nk'umwuga wabo ubatungiye imiryango.]] Umurenge wa Karangazi ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Nyagatare. Ukaba ari umurenge urangwa n'ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bw'inka. Uhana imbibi na pariki y'Akagera. 79gszwgu0jlkmpcnuocb4hsbuymk1b3 0 8117 78060 71173 2021-08-20T10:00:10Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anna Netrebko - Romy 2013 a.jpg|thumb|250px|Anna Netrebko]] [[Dosiye:Anna_Netrebko.jpg|thumb|Anna Netrebko]] '''Anna Netrebko''' ([[18 Nzeri]], [[1971]], Krasnodar, USSR) [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] 3lhzzj70lbarj1bfvo0uupyalupzh0b 0 8119 78322 71739 2021-08-24T02:30:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rt.Hon. Dr. Edouard Ngirente - Prime Minister of the Republic of Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Nyakubahwa Dr. Edouard Ngirente - Minisitiri w'Intebe wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda wa 11 |alt=Kanama 2018]]Minisitiri w'Intebe w'u [[Rwanda]] guhera kuwa 30 Kanama 2017. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] s16xo9o3486hzfvzzvqsdqbt1t0dsds 0 8121 77692 71192 2021-08-15T09:36:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kayonza_district_map.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Kabarondo uherereye mu karere ka Kayonza mu uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda]] Emmanuel 6734jlt4p7p67el6bpkd8ngvid4tesj 0 8129 82241 79093 2022-03-06T13:25:40Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Closeup_of_female_vagina.jpg|Closeup_of_female_vagina.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Wutsje|Wutsje]] because: [[:c:COM:WEBHOST|Personal photo]] by non-contributors ([[:c:COM:CSD#F10|F10]]): see also [[:c:COM:VAGINA wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mons-pubis-anatomical-location-in-female-reproductive-system.png|thumb|331x331px]] igitsina cy'umugore dpxa58k22mebr686a2ahdfihnnfm9vl 0 8138 76312 71429 2021-07-22T22:14:18Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe ry'Abaganga kw'Isi''' ('''WMA''') ni inkusanyamashyirahamwe ry'igenga kandi mpuzamahanga y'imiryango y'abaganga b'umwuga mu bihugu bitandukanye, bityo [[Dosiye:Intramurosjf9916_38.JPG|thumb|Inyubako y'ihuriro ry'abaganga ku isi]] rihagarariye abaganga ku isi yose.  ryatangijwe kuwa 18 Nzeri 1947<ref name="wma.net">{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/history/|title=History|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> ,rirakura  kugeza ku banyamuryango b'ingaga z'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye 114 muri 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/members/members-list-printable/|title=Members' List|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> <ref>https://www.wma.net/news-post/wma-general-assembly-6</ref> ndetse n'Abaganga barenga miliyoni 10. Irishyirahamwe (WMA) ritanga urubuga kubanyamuryango baryo rwo kuvugana bisanzuye, bagakorana, kugirango bagere kumikorere inoze kandi y'ubunyamwuga no kongera ubunyamwuga bw'isanzuye ku baganga ku isi yose. imikoranire, WMA afite intego yo koroshya imikoranire, kwita kubarwayi ndetse ahantu hafite ubuzima, bongera imibereho myiza y'abantu bose ku isi. [[Dosiye:WMA_Constituent_Members.svg|thumb|Ikarita yerekana ibihugu bigize ihuriro ry'abaganga ku isi]] == Intego == Intego ya WMA ni ugukorera inyokumuntu mu guharanira kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myigishirize y'ibijyanye n'ubuvuzi , ubumenyi buhagije kubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bunoze  no guhabwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi nziza ku bantu bose ku isi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/|title=About the WMA|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> == Amateka == Irishyirahamwe cg umuryango (WMA) washinzwe ku wa 18 Nzeri 1947, Ubwo abaganga bo mu bihugu 27 bitandukanye bahuye bwa mbere mu nama rusange y'iri shyirahamwe i Paris. uy' umuryango wubatswe hagendeye ku gitekerezo cy'umuryango w'abaganga w'abongereza mu 1945 , mu nama yabereye i London kugirango hatangizwe umuryango mpuzamahanga w'abaganga wazaga gusimbura ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamwuga mpuzamahanga b'abaganga ryari ryahagaritse imirimo yaryo bitewe n'intambara y'isi yose II. Mu buryo bwo koroshya ubufasha bw'amafaranga buturuka mu b'anyamuryango , mu 1948 , inteko nyobozi yatangije ubunyamabanga bwa WMA mu mujyi wa New York mu buryo bwo koroshya imikoranire n'umuryango wabibumbye ndetse n'ibindi bigo b'iwushamikiyeho. ubunyamabanga bw'iri shyirahamwe WMA bwagumye New york kugeza mu 1974 igihe ku mpamvu z'umutungo no kugirango bakorere hafi ya Geneve nk'umujyi uzwiho kugira imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi yigenga (WHO,ILO,ICN,ISSA,etc.) bwavuye aho bwari bujyanwa mu bufaransa ahitwa Ferney-voltaire. Abanyamuryango  bahuraga mu nama y'umwaka ariyo yaje kwitwa "World Medical Assembly" Inama Rusange 1962.  Kuva Muntangiriro WMA yagaragaje kwita cyane [[medical ethics|k'ubuvuzi bunoze]]  muri rusange ndetse no ku isi yose , ikaba nyambere mugushyiraho amabwiriza anoze ku baganga bose bo ku isi. n'isesengura ry'amagambo ari mu ndahiro ya Hippocrates ryaje kwemerwa mu nama rusange ya II mu 1948 i Geneva . inteko rusange yemeje iyo ndahiro ivuguruye bayita "[[declaration of geneva|inyandiko y'i Geneve]]." Nanone mu nama rusange ya II raporo ku "ibyaha by'intamabara n'ubuvuzi" yarakiriwe. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama kiga kandi kagategura amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi mpuzamahanga ngenderwaho  akaba yaraje kwemerwa nyuma yo kuyemeranyaho mu nama rusange III mu 1949. Na Nyuma yo kwemeza izi nyandiko ebyiri , WMA yakomeje guhabwa amakuru yo kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi, ibyaha byakozwe n'abaganga mu bihe by'intambara,   kwigira cg gukorera ubushakashatsi ku bantu mu buryo butemewe n'ibindi bibazo bijyanye no kutubahiriza amabwiriza ndetse n;'amategeko agenga umwuga w'ubuvuzi. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama gahoraho ku bijyanye n'amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi mu 1952, akanama ariko kakomeje no gukora kuva icyo gihe nkuko ushobora kubibona mu nyandiko z'ishyirahamwe WMA n'amakuru yayo agezweho. == Ubuyobozi == === Inteko rusange === Ni rwo rwego rukuru rufata ibyemezo muri iri shyirahamwe WMA ruhura buri mwaka rugizwe n'abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu binyamuryango nabagize ururgaga, abofosiye n'abahagarariye abanyamuryango bigenga (associate members). === Urugaga === Inteko nkuru itora buri mwaya ibiri abagie urugaga baturutse mu turere dutandatu tugize umuryango ku isi ari twoː Afurika, Asiya, Uburayi, Amerika y'abalatino, Amerika y'amajyaruguru na Pasifika. iteko rusange kandi itora umuyobozi (President) buri mwaka, ari we uhagararira umuryango mu nama n'ibirori. Umuyobozi utowe nuvuyeho bakora kuburyo ubonetse ariwe uhagararira umuryango. Buri myaka ibiri, ururgaga rwa WMA, ukuyemo abayobozi(Presidents) batora uhagararira umuryango mu buryo bwa politiki. nkuhagarariye ibikorwa by'umuryango, umunyamabanga mukuru ari we mukozi uhoraho mu bunyamabanga utorwa n'urugaga. == Ubunyamabanga == Ubunyamabanga bw'ishyirahamwe buherereye in Ferney-Voltaire, [[Ubufaransa|France]], iruhande n'umujyi wa Geneva. == Indimi zikoreshwa == icyongereza, Igifaransa, n'icyesipanyol  Unizo mdimi zikoreshwa n'ishyirahamwe kava ryatangira gukora. == Ubunyamuryango == [[File:WMA_Constituent_Members_-_World_Map.svg|thumb|ishusho igaragaza abanyamuryango 114]] WMA ifite ibyiciro by'abanyamuryango bikurikira * '''Abanyamuryango shingiro'''ː ahanini bashingiye kubanyamuryango bamashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi * '''Abanyamuryango bigengaː''' aba ni abaganga baba abanyamuryango ba WMA bitanyuze mu mashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu byabo , bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora ndetse no kuba mu nama y'inteko rusange binyuze bu bo ubwabo bitoraniriza ngo babahagararire. Andi makuru y'abanyamuryango ushobora kuyabona ukanzehano ([https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/members/ WMA Membership]): == '''Imishinga''' == WMA ikora ku bintu bitandukanye,<ref>https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/</ref> Ibyigenzi ni: * Ubuvugizi * Ubugenzuzi bw'umwuga * Inzego z'ubuzima * Uburenganzira bwa muntu * Ubuzima rusange Mu bijyanye no kunoza imikorere ,WMA Ifite inyandiko nyinshi n'imyanzuro yemejwe n'inteko rusange byose bigerageza kuha umurongo amashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu imbere, leta zitandukanye ndetse n'imiryango ku isi yose. ingingo nyinshi zizweho nk'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi, ubushakashatsi ku bantu , kwita kubarwayi n'inkomere mu bihe by'amakimbirane, itotezwa ry'imfungwa, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kubomeza urubyaro no guhumana kw'ikirere.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/|title=Medical Ethics|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> WMA ikora no kuri ibi bikurikira: * Uburezi bujyanye n'ubuvuzi * Gutegura abazakora mu bijyanye na serivisi z'ubuzima * Ubwirinzi bw'abarwayi * Imiyoborere no guteza imbere umwuga * Ubuvugizi ku baganga n'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi * Ubuzima n'ubwirinzi mu kazi * Demokarasi mu mashyirahamwe mashya y'abaganga * Amabwiriza y'ubuzima bw'abaturange  * Imishinga nk'iyo kugabanya itabi n'y'inkingo WMA ukora kandi kuri gahunda z'uburezi nka "prison medicine course"(kwigisha abagororwa kubijyanye nimiti), amasomo kubijyanye n'igituntu kigikatu, ethics course on microbial resistance bafatanyije na kaminuza ya George Mason na International Society for Microbial Resistance == Ibyashyizwe ahagaragara == Zimwe munyandiko z'amategeko n'ibyashyizwe ahagaragara n'ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi WMA (zimwe ziri mu ndimi zitandukanye)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/publications/|title=Publications|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> ushobora kuzibona ukanazibika uzikuye ku rubuga [https://www.wma.net/publications/ website]. Murizo harimo: * The World Medical Journal * The WMA Medical Ethics Manual * The World Medical and Health Policy Journal * Caring Physicians of the World * Toolkits * Background Documents == Imibanire izwi == Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi riri mu miryango yihuje kuva kumasosiyete y'ubuvuzi n'amashyirahamwe nindi miryango y'ubucuruzi. nubwo byose bitarimo, uru rubuga rutanaga ishusho y'ishyirahamwe rya WMA ndetse n'imikoranire.  === Aho Bigishiriza (WMA Cooperating Centers) === * Center for Global Health and Medical Diplomacy, University of North Florida on Medical leadership and Medical Diplomacy * Center for the Study of International Medical Policies and Practices - CSIMPP, George-Mason-University, Fairfax, Virginia on Microbial resistance and development of public (health) policy * Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Tübingen * Institut de droit de la santé, Université de Neuchâtel, Suisse * Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of the Wiltwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa === Abafatanya Bikorwa === * Bayer Pharmaceuticals * Eli Lilly and Company * GlaxoSmithKline * Pfizer, Inc. === Imyigishirize === * Health Sciences Online HSO * Health InterNetwork (HINARI) === Imiryango Mpuzamahanga === * Amnesty International - AI * International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians - IFAPP * International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations IFPMA * International Hospital Federation - IHF * International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims - IRCT * Physicians for Human Rights - PHR * International Society for Health and Human Rights - ISHHR * World Health Editors’ Network - WHEN * Public Service International - PSI * World Self-Medication Industry - WSMI === Abanyeshuri biga ubuganga === * International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations - IFMSA === Umuryango w'abarwayi === * International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations - IAPO === Imiryango y'umwuga === * World Health Professions Alliance - WHPA * World Dental Federation - FDI * International Pharmaceutical Federation - FIP * International Council of Nurses - ICN * Guidelines International Network - G-I-N * International Confederation of Midwives - ICM * International Council of Medical Scientific Organizations CIOMS * International Federation of Physiotherapists - WCPT * Medical Women’s International Association - MWIA * World Federation for Medical Education - WFME * World Psychiatric Association - WPA * World Veterinary Association - WVA (MOU mutually signed by the WVA and WMA on 12 October 2012) * One Health Initiative * Red Cross/Red Crescent * International Committee of the Red Cross - ICRC * The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies - IFRC === Imiryango y'uturere === * African Medical Association - AfMA * Confederation of Medical Associations of Asia and Oceania - CMAAO * Conference of the Central and East European Chambers * European Forum of Medical Associations and EFMA/WHO * Forum of Ibero-American Medical Associations - FIEME * Medical Association of South East Asian Nations - MASEAN * Medical Confederation of Latin-America and the Caribbean - CONFEMEL * Standing Committee of European Physicians - CPME WMA aft umubkano  n'umuryango mpuzamahanga with kubuzima World Health Organization (WHO), n'umuryango mpuzamahanga ubwawo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|United Nations]] nets n'udushami two dutandukanye twita k'ubuzima. IOther examples of relationships are the Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the International Organization for Migration (IMO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). == Kubindi wareba == * Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) * Declaration of Geneva * Declaration of Helsinki * Declaration of Tokyo. Guidelines for Physicians Concerning Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Relation to Detention and Imprisonment * International Code of Medical Ethics * Standing Committee of European Doctors * World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) * World Health Organization (WHO) == Inkomoko == {{Reflist|2}} == Izindi Mbuga == * <span class="url">[http://www.wma.net Official website]</span>{{Official website|www.wma.net}} * [https://www.wma.net/policy/ Handbook of WMA Policies] 5uimoe0541bz6brmcduwerfx2ptc2t1 0 8139 74472 71975 2021-01-29T15:09:24Z Tagishsimon 9503 #redirect [[Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga kw'isi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga kw'isi]] 1xb0ea29053dokvn5ulp63b1a3nzwdn 10 8140 71326 2018-01-09T20:48:39Z Elicien 6969 Created page with "{{Infobox non-profit | Izina = Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga chi's | image = File:WMA Logo.jpeg | caption = WMA logo | Igihe washingiwe= 18 Nzeri 1947 |..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox non-profit | Izina = Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga chi's | image = File:WMA Logo.jpeg | caption = WMA logo | Igihe washingiwe= 18 Nzeri 1947 | dissolved = | Aho uherereye = Ferney-Voltaire, France | coordinates = | origins = | key_people = Dr. [[Yoshitake Yokokura]] (President) | num_members = 114 Abanyamuryango shin giro and 1013 Abanyamuryango bigenga (2017) | homepage = {{URL|www.wma.net}} | footnotes = }} ehuriv89q9i01xvtog0fcnlti0d38c6 10 8141 71334 2018-01-09T23:03:19Z Elicien 6969 Created page with "{{Infobox non-profit | name = World Medical Association | image = File:WMA Logo.jpeg | caption = WMA logo | purpose = | tax_id =..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox non-profit | name = World Medical Association | image = File:WMA Logo.jpeg | caption = WMA logo | purpose = | tax_id = | registration_id = | founded_date = 18 September 1947 | dissolved = | location = Ferney-Voltaire, France | coordinates = | origins = | key_people = Dr. [[Yoshitake Yokokura]] (President) | area_served = | products = | services = | focus = | mission = | method = | revenue = | disbursed = | expenses = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = 114 Constituent Members and 1013 Associate Members (2016) | subsid = | owner = | motto = | former name = | homepage = {{URL|www.wma.net}} | footnotes = }} ko4azbb18rq8x8w6jl4walswrz2urrt 0 8143 78393 77863 2021-08-24T11:26:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationItaly.png|right|200px]] '''Siligo''' ni umujyi w'u [[Ubutariyani]], [[Uburayi]]. [[Dosiye:Map_of_comune_of_Siligo_(province_of_Sassari,_region_Sardinia,_Italy)_-_until_2016.svg|thumb|Ikarita ya comune ya Siligo (intara ya Sassari, akarere ka Sardiniya.]] [[Dosiye:Siligo (Sardinia- Italy).JPG|center|thumb|siligo]] [[Category:Ubutariyani]] p4xya3qpf44sbb2g4y2hs9jxfnserc0 0 8149 76311 71427 2021-07-22T22:07:46Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ishyirahamwe ry'Abaganga kw'Isi ('''WMA''') ni inkusanyamashyirahamwe ry'igenga kandi mpuzamahanga y'imiryango y'abaganga b'umwuga mu bihugu bitandukanye, bityo [[Dosiye:Front_view_of_the_Sri_Lanka_Medical_Association.jpg|thumb|Ikigo cy'ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi (WMA)]] rihagarariye abaganga ku isi yose.  ryatangijwe kuwa 18 Nzeri 1947<ref name="wma.net">{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/history/|title=History|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> ,rirakura  kugeza ku banyamuryango b'ingaga z'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye 114 muri 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/members/members-list-printable/|title=Members' List|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> <ref>https://www.wma.net/news-post/wma-general-assembly-6</ref> ndetse n'Abaganga barenga miliyoni 10. Irishyirahamwe (WMA) ritanga urubuga kubanyamuryango baryo rwo kuvugana bisanzuye, bagakorana, kugirango bagere kumikorere inoze kandi y'ubunyamwuga no kongera ubunyamwuga bw'isanzuye ku baganga ku isi yose. imikoranire, WMA afite intego yo koroshya imikoranire, kwita kubarwayi ndetse ahantu hafite ubuzima, bongera imibereho myiza y'abantu bose ku isi. == Intego == Intego ya WMA ni ugukorera inyokumuntu mu guharanira kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myigishirize y'ibijyanye n'ubuvuzi , ubumenyi buhagije kubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bunoze  no guhabwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi nziza ku bantu bose ku isi<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/|title=About the WMA|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Dr._Nikan_Khatibi_at_the_California_Medical_Association_House_of_Delegates_Meeting.png|thumb|Inama yahuje abayobozi b'ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi]] == Amateka == Irishyirahamwe cg umuryango (WMA) washinzwe ku wa 18 Nzeri 1947, Ubwo abaganga bo mu bihugu 27 bitandukanye bahuye bwa mbere mu nama rusange y'iri shyirahamwe i Paris. uy' umuryango wubatswe hagendeye ku gitekerezo cy'umuryango w'abaganga w'abongereza mu 1945 , mu nama yabereye i London kugirango hatangizwe umuryango mpuzamahanga w'abaganga wazaga gusimbura ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamwuga mpuzamahanga b'abaganga ryari ryahagaritse imirimo yaryo bitewe n'intambara y'isi yose II. Mu buryo bwo koroshya ubufasha bw'amafaranga buturuka mu b'anyamuryango , mu 1948 , inteko nyobozi yatangije ubunyamabanga bwa WMA mu mujyi wa New York mu buryo bwo koroshya imikoranire n'umuryango wabibumbye ndetse n'ibindi bigo b'iwushamikiyeho. ubunyamabanga bw'iri shyirahamwe WMA bwagumye New york kugeza mu 1974 igihe ku mpamvu z'umutungo no kugirango bakorere hafi ya Geneve nk'umujyi uzwiho kugira imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi yigenga (WHO,ILO,ICN,ISSA,etc.) bwavuye aho bwari bujyanwa mu bufaransa ahitwa Ferney-voltaire. Abanyamuryango  bahuraga mu nama y'umwaka ariyo yaje kwitwa "World Medical Assembly" Inama Rusange 1962.  Kuva Muntangiriro WMA yagaragaje kwita cyane [[medical ethics|k'ubuvuzi bunoze]]  muri rusange ndetse no ku isi yose , ikaba nyambere mugushyiraho amabwiriza anoze ku baganga bose bo ku isi. n'isesengura ry'amagambo ari mu ndahiro ya Hippocrates ryaje kwemerwa mu nama rusange ya II mu 1948 i Geneva . inteko rusange yemeje iyo ndahiro ivuguruye bayita "[[declaration of geneva|inyandiko y'i Geneve]]." Nanone mu nama rusange ya II raporo ku "ibyaha by'intamabara n'ubuvuzi" yarakiriwe. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama kiga kandi kagategura amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi mpuzamahanga ngenderwaho  akaba yaraje kwemerwa nyuma yo kuyemeranyaho mu nama rusange III mu 1949. [[Dosiye:Medical_emergency.jpg|thumb|ingobyi y'abarwayi (Imbangukiragutabara)]] Na Nyuma yo kwemeza izi nyandiko ebyiri , WMA yakomeje guhabwa amakuru yo kutubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi, ibyaha byakozwe n'abaganga mu bihe by'intambara,   kwigira cg gukorera ubushakashatsi ku bantu mu buryo butemewe n'ibindi bibazo bijyanye no kutubahiriza amabwiriza ndetse n;'amategeko agenga umwuga w'ubuvuzi. ibi byateye inteko gushyiraho akanama gahoraho ku bijyanye n'amabwiriza agenga ubuvuzi mu 1952, akanama ariko kakomeje no gukora kuva icyo gihe nkuko ushobora kubibona mu nyandiko z'ishyirahamwe WMA n'amakuru yayo agezweho. == Ubuyobozi == === Inteko rusange === Ni rwo rwego rukuru rufata ibyemezo muri iri shyirahamwe WMA ruhura buri mwaka rugizwe n'abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu binyamuryango nabagize ururgaga, abofosiye n'abahagarariye abanyamuryango bigenga (associate members). === Urugaga === Inteko nkuru itora buri mwaya ibiri abagie urugaga baturutse mu turere dutandatu tugize umuryango ku isi ari twoː Afurika, Asiya, Uburayi, Amerika y'abalatino, Amerika y'amajyaruguru na Pasifika. iteko rusange kandi itora umuyobozi (President) buri mwaka, ari we uhagararira umuryango mu nama n'ibirori. Umuyobozi utowe nuvuyeho bakora kuburyo ubonetse ariwe uhagararira umuryango. Buri myaka ibiri, ururgaga rwa WMA, ukuyemo abayobozi(Presidents) batora uhagararira umuryango mu buryo bwa politiki. nkuhagarariye ibikorwa by'umuryango, umunyamabanga mukuru ari we mukozi uhoraho mu bunyamabanga utorwa n'urugaga. == Ubunyamabanga == Ubunyamabanga bw'ishyirahamwe buherereye in Ferney-Voltaire, [[Ubufaransa|France]], iruhande n'umujyi wa Geneva. == Indimi zikoreshwa == icyongereza, Igifaransa, n'icyesipanyol  Unizo mdimi zikoreshwa n'ishyirahamwe kava ryatangira gukora. == Ubunyamuryango == [[File:WMA_Constituent_Members_-_World_Map.svg|thumb|ishusho igaragaza abanyamuryango 114]] WMA ifite ibyiciro by'abanyamuryango bikurikira * '''Abanyamuryango shingiro'''ː ahanini bashingiye kubanyamuryango bamashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi * '''Abanyamuryango bigengaː''' aba ni abaganga baba abanyamuryango ba WMA bitanyuze mu mashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu byabo , bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora ndetse no kuba mu nama y'inteko rusange binyuze bu bo ubwabo bitoraniriza ngo babahagararire. Andi makuru y'abanyamuryango ushobora kuyabona ukanzehano ([https://www.wma.net/who-we-are/members/ WMA Membership]): == '''Imishinga''' == WMA ikora ku bintu bitandukanye,<ref>https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/</ref> Ibyigenzi ni: * Ubuvugizi * Ubugenzuzi bw'umwuga * Inzego z'ubuzima * Uburenganzira bwa muntu * Ubuzima rusange Mu bijyanye no kunoza imikorere ,WMA Ifite inyandiko nyinshi n'imyanzuro yemejwe n'inteko rusange byose bigerageza kuha umurongo amashyirahamwe y'abaganga mu bihugu imbere, leta zitandukanye ndetse n'imiryango ku isi yose. ingingo nyinshi zizweho nk'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi, ubushakashatsi ku bantu , kwita kubarwayi n'inkomere mu bihe by'amakimbirane, itotezwa ry'imfungwa, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, kubomeza urubyaro no guhumana kw'ikirere.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/|title=Medical Ethics|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> WMA ikora no kuri ibi bikurikira: * Uburezi bujyanye n'ubuvuzi * Gutegura abazakora mu bijyanye na serivisi z'ubuzima * Ubwirinzi bw'abarwayi * Imiyoborere no guteza imbere umwuga * Ubuvugizi ku baganga n'uburenganzira bw'abarwayi * Ubuzima n'ubwirinzi mu kazi * Demokarasi mu mashyirahamwe mashya y'abaganga * Amabwiriza y'ubuzima bw'abaturange  * Imishinga nk'iyo kugabanya itabi n'y'inkingo WMA ukora kandi kuri gahunda z'uburezi nka "prison medicine course"(kwigisha abagororwa kubijyanye nimiti), amasomo kubijyanye n'igituntu kigikatu, ethics course on microbial resistance bafatanyije na kaminuza ya George Mason na International Society for Microbial Resistance == Ibyashyizwe ahagaragara == Zimwe munyandiko z'amategeko n'ibyashyizwe ahagaragara n'ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi WMA (zimwe ziri mu ndimi zitandukanye)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wma.net/publications/|title=Publications|date=4 May 2017|work=wma.net}}</ref> ushobora kuzibona ukanazibika uzikuye ku rubuga [https://www.wma.net/publications/ website]. Murizo harimo: * The World Medical Journal * The WMA Medical Ethics Manual * The World Medical and Health Policy Journal * Caring Physicians of the World * Toolkits * Background Documents == Imibanire izwi == Ishyirahamwe ry'abaganga ku isi riri mu miryango yihuje kuva kumasosiyete y'ubuvuzi n'amashyirahamwe nindi miryango y'ubucuruzi. nubwo byose bitarimo, uru rubuga rutanaga ishusho y'ishyirahamwe rya WMA ndetse n'imikoranire.  === Aho Bigishiriza (WMA Cooperating Centers) === * Center for Global Health and Medical Diplomacy, University of North Florida on Medical leadership and Medical Diplomacy * Center for the Study of International Medical Policies and Practices - CSIMPP, George-Mason-University, Fairfax, Virginia on Microbial resistance and development of public (health) policy * Institute of Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Tübingen * Institut de droit de la santé, Université de Neuchâtel, Suisse * Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of the Wiltwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa === Abafatanya Bikorwa === * Bayer Pharmaceuticals * Eli Lilly and Company * GlaxoSmithKline * Pfizer, Inc. === Imyigishirize === * Health Sciences Online HSO * Health InterNetwork (HINARI) === Imiryango Mpuzamahanga === * Amnesty International - AI * International Federation of Associations of Pharmaceutical Physicians - IFAPP * International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations IFPMA * International Hospital Federation - IHF * International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims - IRCT * Physicians for Human Rights - PHR * International Society for Health and Human Rights - ISHHR * World Health Editors’ Network - WHEN * Public Service International - PSI * World Self-Medication Industry - WSMI === Abanyeshuri biga ubuganga === * International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations - IFMSA === Umuryango w'abarwayi === * International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations - IAPO === Imiryango y'umwuga === * World Health Professions Alliance - WHPA * World Dental Federation - FDI * International Pharmaceutical Federation - FIP * International Council of Nurses - ICN * Guidelines International Network - G-I-N * International Confederation of Midwives - ICM * International Council of Medical Scientific Organizations CIOMS * International Federation of Physiotherapists - WCPT * Medical Women’s International Association - MWIA * World Federation for Medical Education - WFME * World Psychiatric Association - WPA * World Veterinary Association - WVA (MOU mutually signed by the WVA and WMA on 12 October 2012) * One Health Initiative * Red Cross/Red Crescent * International Committee of the Red Cross - ICRC * The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies - IFRC === Imiryango y'uturere === * African Medical Association - AfMA * Confederation of Medical Associations of Asia and Oceania - CMAAO * Conference of the Central and East European Chambers * European Forum of Medical Associations and EFMA/WHO * Forum of Ibero-American Medical Associations - FIEME * Medical Association of South East Asian Nations - MASEAN * Medical Confederation of Latin-America and the Caribbean - CONFEMEL * Standing Committee of European Physicians - CPME WMA aft umubkano  n'umuryango mpuzamahanga with kubuzima World Health Organization (WHO), n'umuryango mpuzamahanga ubwawo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|United Nations]] nets n'udushami two dutandukanye twita k'ubuzima. IOther examples of relationships are the Joint United Nations Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the International Organization for Migration (IMO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). == Kubindi wareba == * Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) * Declaration of Geneva * Declaration of Helsinki * Declaration of Tokyo. Guidelines for Physicians Concerning Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Relation to Detention and Imprisonment * International Code of Medical Ethics * Standing Committee of European Doctors * World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) * World Health Organization (WHO) == Inkomoko == {{Reflist|2}} == Izindi Mbuga == * <span class="url">[http://www.wma.net Official website]</span>{{Official website|www.wma.net}} * [https://www.wma.net/policy/ Handbook of WMA Policies] pjo2ovp40s42up690uuu3q8lhgli9hi 0 8153 78920 76741 2021-08-29T12:19:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ndi umuhungu ndumuzira guhunga nanze guhunga iwacu byakomeye ndiriruti nditutica umugambi munti zateranye klurugamba nkaba rutega mubiri. [[Dosiye:Guhamiriza.jpg|center|thumb|720x720px|Intore]] 4f9oajanu5zvxj2shfizhg514l6lq9b 0 8159 71467 2018-04-07T17:42:14Z 37.47.34.201 new wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gryfice Collage 1.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Gryfice]] '''Gryfice''' ni umujyi w'u [[Polonye]]. Abaturage 16,872. {{commons|Gryfice}} [[Category:Polonye]] 9f809m6sagyuxr6zl9zjstiel66n8wu 14 8160 71470 2018-04-10T04:03:50Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (China). hyjnx33an3mzte2da4vqkr83ktvect9 14 8161 71472 2018-04-10T04:03:50Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (Taiwan). rucdluq9rn59r6y5u1lmdbtobblho59 14 8162 71473 2018-04-10T04:03:50Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (Hong Kong). 3787fml2o6z17fo75b5ytgch3o3rx7z 0 8167 78087 71497 2021-08-20T21:25:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Kibilizi uherereye mu akarere ka Gisagara mu magepfo y'u Rwanda]] aha ni mu Rwanda ohtnohrjy0kcpl1xpmsxvfp8j1ttekd 0 8169 78679 71504 2021-08-26T03:36:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amini Cishugi]] amini cg ameni ni igihe tuba turi gushimira Imana mu masengesho tuba twayituye. [[Dosiye:Heiligengrabe, Kloster Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Stiftskirche -- 2017 -- 9969.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|bibiliya]] g1gcjkf14y8n59hijj2mb9p9wqnx8iy 0 8171 77698 71511 2021-08-15T10:27:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Gasaka uherereye mu Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] [[Dosiye:Hills_of_Nyamagabe_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imisozi ituweho n'abaturage ba Nyamagabe mu Rwanda]] Umurenge wa Gasaka ni umwe mu mirenge igize akarere ka Nyamagabe bbd8e9fdx8mp65w2nc1v1b1ll288pm5 0 8172 78097 78096 2021-08-20T23:08:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dharius_logo.png|thumb|Ikirango cya Dharius ( logo)]] '''Dharius''' cyangwa '''Alan Alejandro Maldonado Tamez''', ([[24 Nzeri]] [[1984]]) [[Category:Abagabo]] 7b3gpcf6g0j8x0jj5vg3aswjdgxc331 0 8174 71524 2018-07-13T16:22:17Z 94.204.141.7 Created page with "Hierdie artikel handel oor die Engelse taal. Sien gerus Engels (dubbelsinnig) vir ander artikels met 'n soortgelyke titel. Engels (English (hulp·inligting)) is 'n Wes-Germaan..." wikitext text/x-wiki Hierdie artikel handel oor die Engelse taal. Sien gerus Engels (dubbelsinnig) vir ander artikels met 'n soortgelyke titel. Engels (English (hulp·inligting)) is 'n Wes-Germaanse taal wat vanuit Engeland ontwikkel het. Dit is die derde mees algemene "eerste" taal (inheemse sprekers), met omtrent 335 miljoen mense in 2002. Engels het lingua franca-status in baie dele van die wêreld, as gevolg van die militêre, ekonomiese, wetenskaplike, politieke en kulturele invloed van die Verenigde Koninkryk en later die Verenigde State. Waar moontlik word omtrent alle studente wêreldwyd verplig om 'n bietjie Engels te leer, en kennis van Engels is feitlik 'n voorvereiste om te kan werk in vele velde en beroepe. Die meeste hoër akademiese inrigtings, byvoorbeeld, vereis 'n basiese vlak van Engels. Engels English Gepraat in: Vlag van Australië Australië Vlag van Belize Belize Vlag van Botswana Botswana Vlag van Eritrea Eritrea Vlag van Ethiopië Ethiopië Vlag van Filippyne Filippyne Vlag van Ghana Ghana Vlag van Guyana Guyana Flag of Ireland Ierland Vlag van Indië Indië Vlag van Jamaika Jamaika Vlag van Kameroen Kameroen Vlag van Kanada Kanada Vlag van Kenia Kenia Vlag van Liberië Liberië Vlag van Malawi Malawi Vlag van Maleisië Maleisië Vlag van Namibië Namibië Vlag van Nieu-Seeland Nieu-Seeland Vlag van Nigerië Nigerië Vlag van Pakistan Pakistan Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Vlag van Rwanda Rwanda Vlag van Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Vlag van Singapoer Singapoer Vlag van Soedan Soedan Vlag van Suid-Afrika Suid-Afrika Vlag van Suid-Soedan Suid-Soedan Vlag van Tanzanië Tanzanië Vlag van Uganda Uganda Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk Verenigde Koninkryk Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika Verenigde State Vlag van Zambië Zambië Vlag van Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Gebied: Afrika, Asië, Europa, Noord-Amerika, Oseanië Totale sprekers: 335 miljoen (as moedertaal)[1][2] 250 miljoen (as tweede taal)[1][2] 1,8 miljard (as derde taal)[3] Rang: 11 Taalfamilie: Indo-Europees Germaans Wes-Germaans Hoog-Duits Engels Skrifstelsel: Latynse alfabet Amptelike status Amptelike taal in: Flag of the United Nations Verenigde Nasies Vlag van die AU.png Afrika-unie Vlag van die Britse Statebond.png Britse Statebond Flag of Europe Europese Unie Flag of NATO.svg NAVO NAFTA logo.png NAFTA Vlag van Australië Australië Vlag van Belize Belize Vlag van Botswana Botswana Vlag van Eritrea Eritrea Vlag van Ethiopië Ethiopië Vlag van Filippyne Filippyne Vlag van Ghana Ghana Vlag van Guyana Guyana Flag of Ireland Ierland Vlag van Indië Indië Vlag van Jamaika Jamaika Vlag van Kameroen Kameroen Vlag van Kanada Kanada Vlag van Kenia Kenia Vlag van Liberië Liberië Vlag van Malawi Malawi Vlag van Maleisië Maleisië Vlag van Namibië Namibië Vlag van Nieu-Seeland Nieu-Seeland Vlag van Nigerië Nigerië Vlag van Pakistan Pakistan Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Vlag van Rwanda Rwanda Vlag van Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Vlag van Singapoer Singapoer Vlag van Soedan Soedan Vlag van Suid-Afrika Suid-Afrika Vlag van Suid-Soedan Suid-Soedan Vlag van Tanzanië Tanzanië Vlag van Uganda Uganda Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk Verenigde Koninkryk Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika Verenigde State Vlag van Zambië Zambië Vlag van Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Gereguleer deur: geen Taalkodes ISO 639-1: en ISO 639-2: eng ISO 639-3: eng ██ Lande waar Engels 'n inheemse meerderheidstaal is ██ Lande waar Engels 'n amptelike maar nie inheemse meerderheidstaal is nie Nota: Hierdie bladsy kan IFA fonetiese simbole in Unicode bevat. Inhoud Betekenis Wysig EN: Engels gesimboliseer deur die taal-kode ISO 639-1 Moderne Engels, soms beskryf as die eerste wêreldwye lingua franca[4][5] is die belangrikste internasionale taal vir kommunikasie, wetenskap, lugvaart, vermaak, toerisme, radio, diplomasie en in die sakewêreld.[6] Die uitbreiding van die taal vanaf die Britse eilande tot oor die hele wêreld het saam met die groei van die Britse Ryk begin, en aan die einde van die negentiende eeu was die taal reeds wêreldwyd versprei.[7] Die taal is dominant in die Verenigde State en deur sy groeiende ekonomiese en kulturele invloed en sy magstatus sedert die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het die posisie van die taal wêreldwyd versterk.[5] 'n Goeie kennis van Engels is 'n vereiste in 'n aantal werkgebiede en beroepe soos geneeskunde en informatika; as gevolg daarvan verstaan ten minste een miljard mense die basiese beginsels van Engels. Dit is ook een van die ses amptelike tale van die Verenigde Nasies. Taalkundiges soos David Crystal erken dat een van die gevolge van die groei van Engels (nes ander wêreldwye tale) is dat die taalkundige diversiteit op baie plekke ter wêreld verlore gaan, in besondere Australasië en Noord-Amerika. Geskiedenis Wysig Engels ontstaan uit vele Germaanse dialekte, wat na Groot-Brittanje gebring is deur die Angelsaksiese koloniste aan die begin van die 5de eeu, veral die Angele, Saksers en die Jute. Die taal word sterk beïnvloed deur die Oud-Noorse taal van die Vikings. Na die Normandiese verowering van Engeland in 1066, ondervind die taal 'n sterk Franse invloed en ontwikkel van Oudengels tot Middelengels. 'n Rede vir die verandering was die algemene gebruik van leenwoorde uit die Normandiese woordeskat en die gebruik van Normandiese spelreëls. Hedendaagse Engels ontwikkel self daaruit en gaan voort met die opneem van buitelandse leenwoorde, veral uit Latyn en Grieks. Dit neem ook leenwoorde oor vanuit die Indiese tale. Die grammatikale struktuur van Engels is nog steeds oorwegend Germaans met enkele Romaans-ontleende sinskonstruksies. Van die totale Engelse woordeskat is baie woorde (ongeveer 60%) egter vanaf Franse en Latynse herkoms. Mense verwys soms na Engels as 'n oorbrugingstaal tussen die wêreld van die Germaanse en Romaanse tale. Met Engels word deurgaans soos volg geperiodiseer: Oudengels, 7de en 8ste eeu, ook bekend as Angelsaksies, soos verklaar in Beowulf. Middelengels, 12de-15de eeu, beïnvloed deur Normandies ('n Franse dialek) na die slag by Hastings. Nuwe-Engels, 16de eeu tot hede Moderne gebruik Wysig Die Engelse taal is vanaf die 20ste eeu die invloedrykste taal ter wêreld. Dit is deels as gevolg van die Britse koloniale uitbreiding in die 19de eeu waardeur Engels in baie voormalige kolonies nog steeds die vernaamste (amptelike en bestuurs-) taal is, maar veral ook deur die kulturele en wetenskaplike dominerende Verenigde State. Eerste taal Wysig Engels is die amptelike taal van onder andere Australië, Belize, Nieu-Seeland en Nigerië en een van die amptelike tale van onder andere Kanada, Ierland en Suid-Afrika. Engels funksioneer de facto as amptelike taal van die Verenigde Koninkryk en die Verenigde State. Tweede taal Wysig Engels word deur vele mense as tweede taal gepraat. As mens die eerste- en tweedetaalsprekers by mekaar optel, is die selfs die mees gebruikte taal ter wêreld. Beskou mens slegs die eerstetaalsprekers, dan word Engels nog oortref deur Mandaryns en Spaans. Die taal dien as lingua franca by die kommunikasie in wetenskap, tegnologie en in die internasionale politieke en ekonomiese verkeer oor die hele wêreld. 'n Inisiatief van die Universiteit van Cambridge, die University of Cambridge ESOL examination, is 'n reeks skooleksamens wat die beheersing van die Engelse taal deur nie-moedertaalsprekers toets. Wêreldwyd neem jaarliks 2 miljoen mense in meer as 130 lande aan die eksamens deel. Woordeskat Wysig Engels het 'n baie groot woordeskat en daar kom gereeld twee woorde voor vir 'n enkele begrip: een Germaans en een Romaans (byvoorbeeld 'freedom' en 'liberty' beteken beide 'vryheid'). Die verskil in gebruik word grotendeels bepaal deur die register: die Germaanse woord by voorkeur in die daaglikse lewe en die Romaanse sinomieme in amptelike geskrewe taal. Die totale aantal woorde in die Engelse taal is 'n onderwerp van bespreking, maar volgens die Oxford Woordeboek is dit minstens 500 000. Volgens die Shorter Oxford Dictionary is die woorde in Engels van hierdie oorsprong: Frans, inklusief oud-Frans en anglo-Frans: 28,3% Latyn: 28,24% Andere Germaanse tale (Oudengels/Middelengels, Oudnoors en Oud-Nederlands): 25% Grieks: 5,32% Andere tale/onbekend: ongeveer 8% Spelling Wysig Engels het 'n baie diep orthografie, dit wil sê daar is weinig verband tussen uitspraak en skryfwyse. 40 klanke word op 1120 verskillende wyses geskryf. Volgens ondersoeker Eraldo Paulesu van die Milaanse universiteit is dit die oorsaak dat in Engelstalige lande tweemaal soveel disleksie-diagnoses voorkom as in Italië. In Italiaans word 25 klanke op slegs 33 verskillende wyses geskryf. Sien ook Wysig Lys van gedrukte Afrikaans-vreemdtalige woordeboeke Verwysings Wysig ↑ 1,0 1,1 (en) "Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, English". Ethnologue. Besoek op 17 Januarie 2016. ↑ 2,0 2,1 (en) The Triumph of English, The Economist, 20 Desember 2001 ↑ (en) "Lecture 7: World-Wide English". EHistLing. Besoek op 26 Maart 2007. ↑ (en) "Global English: gift or curse?". Besoek op 4 April 2005. ↑ 5,0 5,1 (en) David Graddol (1997). "The Future of English?" (PDF). The British Council. Besoek op 15 April 2007. ↑ (en) "The triumph of English". The Economist. 20 Desember 2001. Besoek op 26 Maart 2007. ↑ (en) "Lecture 7: World-Wide English". eHistLing. Besoek op 26 Maart 2007. Verdere leesstof Wysig The Oxford Companion to the English Language, ed. Tom McArthur The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, deur David Crystal A History of the English Language deur Albert Baugh en T. Cable (London, 2002) Eksterne skakels Wysig Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met Engels. Sien Engels in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek. Wikipedia Sien gerus Wikipedia se uitgawe in Engels Ethnologue report for English The World's Most Widely Spoken Languages Cambridge Dictionary BBC - Radio 4 - Routes of English AskOxford.com: Global English English-English dictionary - kombineer inligting vanuit verskeie woordeboeke. Woordeboek Engels-Afrikaans-Engels Development of English Read Print Books - sluit baie publieke-domein werke in vanuit klassieke Engelse literatuur Learning Vocabulary Can Be Fun Vier aanlyn, interaktiewe speletjies om studente te help woordeskat aanleer. Indo-Europese tale: Kentum-tale: Germaanse tale Noord-Germaanse tale: Deens | Faroëes | Noors (Bokmål, Nynorsk) | Sweeds | Yslands Wes-Germaanse tale: Afrikaans | Duits | Engels | Fries (Noord-Fries, Oos-Fries/Saterfries, Wes-Fries) | Jiddisj | Limburgs | Luxemburgs | Nederduits | Nederlands (Oos-Vlaams, Wes-Vlaams) | Nedersaksies (Wes-Veluws) | Skots Oos-Germaanse tale: Boergondies (†) | Goties (†) | Vandaals (†) rdp6l1lvjkdqmhb85urgtqqje6fpari 0 8187 78595 77213 2021-08-25T11:11:51Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Christmas Bible.jpg|thumb|155x155px|God bless]] Imana [Mu kigiriki: Theos] Ni Umutegetsi w'ikirenga w'ijuru n'isi. Ni Umuremyi wa byose Abantu bakunze kuyita amazina menshi y'icyubahiro nk' ''Uwiteka, Umwami, Ruhanga, Data, Uhoraho, Isumbabyose, Ishoborabyose, Allah (bisobanura Imana mu Cyarabu)... Gusa muri Bibiliya izina bwite ryayo ni Yehova-Zab83:18;Yer16:21(Risobanura Ituma biba). [[Dosiye:Jesus-bate-a-porta-02.jpg|thumb|Imana]] [[Dosiye:Jesus_Christ_-_Hofmann.jpg|thumb|228x228px|Ishusho y'Imana abantu benshi bakunda kwifashi iyo batanga ubutumwa bwiza cg bigisha k'unkuru zaranze Yesu]] 9621i8jyb7cpja7rqxxv78lvginjvt1 0 8194 77768 71589 2021-08-16T12:09:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Mugombwa uri mu akarere ka Gisagara mu amajyepfo y'u Rwanda.]] A.D 5h3fvy20sjiou53kzz7vduaxkhh0vlt 0 8195 78999 78983 2021-08-30T11:36:27Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki butare cg ahahoze [[Dosiye:Rwanda-Butare.png|thumb|Ikarita ya Butare]] hitwa perefegitura wa butare. [[Dosiye:Huye City University building.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|iniverisite ya Butare]] [[Dosiye:Butare.jpg|thumb|Butare]] 07ezcwze83c7b99024k5k31b71fb3qf 0 8196 77697 72534 2021-08-15T10:18:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gatsibo_district_map.jpg|thumb|Gatsibo district map]] Uyu ni umwe mu mirenge magana ane na cumi n'itandatu(416) igize igihugu cy'u Rwanda, Gasange ihereye mu karere ka Gatsibo mu ntara y'iburasirazuba. [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] aond2nom1knh4abcenkpjwhsrtra3wk 0 8197 77767 71594 2021-08-16T12:07:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Ndera uri mu akarere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa Kigali]] IGASOGI 7xrdcf56ihm7me310fni4gmn5vpz2fq 0 8198 71595 2018-09-19T02:42:18Z 153.107.193.211 Redirected page to [[Ulysses Simpson Grant]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ulysses Simpson Grant]] l7jzzhz9hjtd5s15mzs136xirefmy6j 0 8199 77699 71596 2021-08-15T10:38:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BureraDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y'akarere ka Burera ]] [[Dosiye:Butaro_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Butaro muri Burera]] [[Dosiye:Lac_Burera.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Burera]] Utugari tugize umurenge wa gahunga alqtg3egacpiqa0yeujdxt1m10ov9px 0 8200 71597 2018-09-20T04:41:01Z 153.107.193.208 Redirected page to [[Chester A. Arthur]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Chester A. Arthur]] 4e40zq64e4mzadhqf3y4glkazxofftj 0 8201 71598 2018-09-20T04:42:32Z 153.107.193.208 Redirected page to [[Thomas Jefferson]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Thomas Jefferson]] oxsqq1l3cbg7xu8m7hmo2zcxyqjkqvq 0 8202 71600 71599 2018-09-21T09:29:47Z 41.186.83.66 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inanc Ciftci''' wavukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Turikiya, Ankara kuya 22 Mata 1971, yavutse afite inzozi zo kuzakora ibijyanye nubucuruzi. inzozi ze zaje kuba impamo ubwo Inanc Ciftci yararangije amashuri muri kaminuza yo muri Istanbul. mu mwaka wa 1989 akaba yaratangiye gukora ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigiye bitandukanye ku Isi. Bwana Inanc Ciftci ubwo yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi Mu mwaka wa 1997, Inanc Ciftci yashinze sosiyete yitwa Inanc Telecom Communication Service ikora ibijyanye nitumanaho ndetse nikoranabuhanga aho iyi sosiyete yarifite inzobere zisaga 134. Nyuma yaho asuye u Rwanda mu kwezi kwa Kamena, 2011 agashimishwa naho u Rwanda rugeze rwiyubaka ndetse akishimira icyerekezo igihugu gifite, Inanc Ciftci yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi ndetse aba umwe mubashoramari bashinze Kaminuza ya Kigali (University of Kigali). Mu mwaka wa 2011, inama yabaminisitiri yarateranye yemeza ko bwana Inanc Ciftci ahagararira inyungu zu Rwanda muri Istanul , Turkey. Mr. Inanc Ciftci (iburyo) ari kumwe numuyobozi wikigo cyIgihugu cyIterambere, Clare Akamanzi Inanc Ciftci yashishikarije abashoramari bo muri Turikiya gushora imari mu Rwanda ndetse abereka ko nta gihombo na kimwe bagira mu gihe bahashoye amafaranga. Ku ikubitiro, abashoramari 15 baturutse muri Turikiya bahise bashora imari mu bijyanye nubukerarugendo, ubuzima, ubwubatsi nibijyanye ningufu zamashanyarazi. U Rwanda narwo rukaba rutarasiganwe namahirwe yo gukorera ubucuruzi muri Turikiya, dore ko abacuruzi babanyarwanda bari kumwe na Minisitiri wububanyi namahanga wu Rwanda, Madame Louise Mushikiwabo berekeje Istanbul mu mpera zumwaka wa 2011 mu kureba amahirwe u Rwanda rufite mu kuba Abanyarwanda bahakorera ubucuruzi ndetse no koherezayo ibikorerwa mu Rwanda. r653y06bjh9bkzz2g8y7135rpl9gi0c 0 8204 76989 71901 2021-08-05T00:21:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Münster, Wochenmarkt -- 2015 -- 7402.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|imboga]] Imboga zikonjesheje( muli konjerateri) ni imwe mu ndyo zuzuye intungamubiri, wowe cyangwa se bana bawe mushobora kurya.Ikibabaje gusa ni uko abantu benshi batazifata nk'ibiryo bisanzwe.Kubera izo mpamvu , usanga benshi iyo bigeze igihe cyo gukora ilisiti y'ibyo guhaha batazishyiramo. Ibi aliko ni ikosa rikomeye kuko nazo zifitiye umubiri akamaro cyimwe n'imboga zitoshye. '''Zimwe mu nyungu z'imboga zikonjesheje :''' <u>Imboga zikonjesheje zuzuye intungamubiri ,</u>Igikorwa cyo gukonjesha gituma imboga zigumana intungamubiri zifitemo bidasabye ko hongerwamo amo poroduwi yandi atagize icyo amariye umubiri, bitihise ashobora no guteza indwara. skqcjy890do0s7ypwelwci59eeo2vdu 0 8206 78833 76632 2021-08-27T11:18:59Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:St_Mary's_Church,_Catholic_--_Victoria,_Texas.jpg|thumb|St Mary's Church]] Kiliziya Gatolika ni imwe itunganye ikomoka ku ntumwa igitabo cyingenzi ni Bibiliya ntagatifu nigitabo [[File:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille]] 9bzfg77oon6205e11jut1t8jnyui33j 0 8211 76940 72230 2021-08-04T02:14:28Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RWAMAGANA Coffee Monument.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|rwamagana]] I Nyagasambu ni ahantu mu Rwanda hamenyekanye kubera umugani ngo 'N'i Nyagasambu rirarema', ubu ni mu karere ka Rwamagana 3hj65eccebnrp815b88pt01qag39vhz 0 8215 79322 79181 2021-08-31T21:48:14Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2019 Declaração à imprensa com Presidente da República do Paraguai (cropped).jpg|thumb|<font color="grey">Jair Bolsonaro</font>]] [[Dosiye:Jair_Bolsonaro_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Jair Bolsonaro ]] '''Jair Messias Bolsonaro''' ([[21 Werurwe]] [[1955]] &ndash;), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Burezile|38]] wa [[Burezile]]. [[Dosiye:Brasil flag icon.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Brasil]] == Imiyoboro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150608042216/http://www.bolsonaro.com.br/ Jair Bolsonaro website] [[Category:Abaperezida ba Burezile]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abanyaburezile]] [[Category:Abagabo]] dqpy33omkv1jzdwzmwlhw6wxd9uzu3q 0 8218 77631 71638 2021-08-14T16:40:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_President_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Paul Semuhungu ni umunyarwanda wavukiye mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda ndetse aranahakurira.]] Amazina nyankuri ni NSENGIYUMVA SEMUHUNGU PAUL also known as PAUL WAMBERE.akaba avuka ku babyeyi bombi aribo SEMUHUNGU SAMUEL na nyina MASENGESHO valerie. NATIONALITY ni umunyarwanda wavutse ku itariki 12/12/1998.akaba afite abavandimwe batatu aribo SEMUHUNGU ALLAN KEY,SEMUHUNGU SIMBA GABY ndetse na SEMUHUNGU ELIE 2eivfrq6nuoa4k658bgz3nqta5660w6 14 8220 71639 2018-11-07T10:24:01Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (China). hyjnx33an3mzte2da4vqkr83ktvect9 14 8221 71640 2018-11-07T10:24:01Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (Taiwan). rucdluq9rn59r6y5u1lmdbtobblho59 14 8222 71641 2018-11-07T10:24:01Z Babel AutoCreate 6384 Guhanga ipaje y'icyiciro cya [[Project:Babel|Babel]] byikora. wikitext text/x-wiki Abakoresha muri iki cyiciro bagaragaza ko bagira ubumenyi bw'ururimi Chinese (Hong Kong). 3787fml2o6z17fo75b5ytgch3o3rx7z 0 8224 71656 2018-11-23T14:53:11Z 154.117.193.1 Redirected page to [[Amini Cishugi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amini Cishugi]] 4vsesvs9pflzg90cpwf89arcg2gx6jt 0 8225 71657 2018-11-23T14:53:46Z 154.117.193.1 Redirected page to [[Amini Cishugi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amini Cishugi]] 4vsesvs9pflzg90cpwf89arcg2gx6jt 0 8230 79729 78657 2021-11-02T11:59:39Z 105.178.119.184 ibisigo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuco wo gusangira.jpg|thumb|293x293px|Umuco nyarwanda]] ====== Ingero z'amagorane: ====== <br /> # Bwa bwana bwa bwana bwasanze ubwanwa bwa bwana mu bwato bwabo # Jijisha izo njiji # Fasha so sha # Ibibiribiri bibiri biri mumurima wa mubiligi # Ta izo njyo uze urye izi nzuzi # Isha yumushi yishashi ishotse icitse ijosi # Ese mwabagabo mwe aho muri bahababoheye?? # Kalisa arusha se ijwi # Ahaho hahahwe abangaba barahabaha ngo bahabe[[Dosiye:Umuco wo kwota.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Gusabana]] 736vrkmqbsw6c01ywb8qfegursmq60h 0 8234 77072 74193 2021-08-05T21:22:57Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mu Rwanda buri biro by' akagali Bifite ibendera ry'igihugu]] [[Akagari|Akagali]] ka kabasengerezi kagizwe n'imidugudi ine : Icyeza, Intwali, Kabasengerezi, n'Ikana. The Prayer Cell is made up of four villages: White, The Hero, The Prayer, and The Child. hmgok6w90ds8gr0qq39smfi6l889deb 0 8241 71777 2019-04-28T09:38:39Z Ngulu123 7957 Ngulu123 moved page [[Astana]] to [[Nursultan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nursultan]] ngwggfe9i5w4ir3ivuefh8p7khkpjpb 0 8244 77710 71783 2021-08-15T14:43:17Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gatsibo_district_map.jpg|thumb|283x283px|Umurenge wa Nyagihanga uherereye mu karere ka Gatsibo mu intara y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.]] [[Dosiye:Banana_plantation_in_Gatsibo.jpg|thumb|Uyu murenge ukungahaye k'ubuhinzi bw'ibitoki.]] http://www.topafricanews.com/2019/05/02/gatsibo-fh-rwanda-inaugurate-mayange-primary-school/ oc5d5at4lzz7h0a1j4b48amfhh0v3wr 0 8245 71784 2019-05-05T13:34:07Z Valensrugambwa 7992 ikarita y'umurenge wa Busoro wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 8248 77717 71817 2021-08-15T15:13:34Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Muhanga_Business_City_Monument.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Shyogwe uboneka mu akarere ka Muhanga mu intara y'amagepfo]] Umurenge wa Shyogwe ugizwe n'utugari tune: 1. Ruli 2. Kinini 3. Mbare 4. Mubuga 1awozt9tcenguexl5pfug45oehwv9h1 0 8255 78451 78334 2021-08-24T23:29:49Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adolf Hitler 42 Pfennig stamp.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Hitler and Mussolini June 1940.jpg|thumb|Hitler and Mussolini June 1940]] [[Dosiye:Adolf_Hitler_cropped_restored.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler ]] '''Adolf Hitler''' (Braunau am Inn, ku ya 20 Mata 1889-Berlin, ku ya 30 Mata 1945) '''Adolf Hitler''' yari Otirishiya umunyapolitiki , mu ideologue isonga mu y'Igihugu c'Umugambwe . Yabaye, demokarasi yatorewe , Chancellor wa Budage , ariko buhoro buhoro yakuyeho uburyo bwa gutandukana ububasha mu Leta German na agglutinating bo mu muntu be kuba ''wategekaga'' kimwe mu zikomeye cyane abanyagitugu mu kinyejana makumyabiri . Azayobora Ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’Abakozi b'Abadagekandi yari umuyobozi wa Reich ya gatatu . Ingengabitekerezo ya Gisosiyalisiti y’igihugu yateye imbere mu gihe cya guverinoma ya Hitler yarimo ivangura rishingiye ku moko n’ibitekerezo byibasiye cyane cyane Abayahudi , bikavamo Itsembabwoko. Icyakora, ivanguramoko ryatejwe imbere n’Ubudage bw’Abasosiyalisiti ry’Abadage ryarimo andi moko nk’abaswa kandi muri rusange, umuntu uwo ari we wese wabonaga ko atari Aryan , ashingiye ku gitekerezo cy’ubuziranenge bw’amoko Hitler yateje imbere mu gitabo cye ''Mein Kampf'' . Ingengabitekerezo, leta y'Ubudage na Hitler ubwe barwanyaga abakomunisiti muri SSSR. Mu murima wa politiki mpuzamahanga, Hitler bigamije kugarura mu ''Manu gisirikare'' ya German bavuga turere bari batakaje nyuma y'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi na gusenyuka mu Austro-Hungarian Empire . [[Dosiye:Flag of Germany.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|germany]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hitler, Adolf}} [[Category:Abadage]] [[Category:Abaperezida]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 0dkua8ilmp4h317bvssrn3e5gow4den 0 8258 73216 73215 2020-08-29T01:41:13Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Metro de Medellín, Colombia.jpg|thumb|]] '''Medellín''' ni umujyi w'u [[Kolombiya]]. [[File:Metrocable_and_Comuna_1_in_Medellín_01.jpg|thumb|Metrocable and Comuna 1 in Medellín 01]] [[File:Cabinas_del_Metrocable_en_Medellín.jpg|thumb|Cabinas del Metrocable en Medellín]] [[File:Metrocable_in_Medellín_by_night.jpg|thumb|Metrocable in Medellín by night]] [[Category:Kolombiya]] [[Category:Imirwa]] gwuc3tw3hhi8me4mhazjh82zyt44nov 0 8265 78524 76396 2021-08-25T02:36:50Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rulindo_farmer.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa Rulindo ]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Akarere ka Rulindo kagizwe n'imirenge 17;''' [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|thumb|Akarere kaRulindo]] 1 Kisaro 2 Buyoga 3 Masoro 4 Kinihira 5 Rusiga 6 Ntarabana 7 Burega 8 Bushoki 9 Murambi 10 Ntarabana 11 Rukozo 12 Base 13 Rulindo 14 Shyorongi 15 Tumba 16 cyinzuzi 17 Rutongo <u>Umurenge wa kisaro ;</u> Abaturage b'umurenge was kisaro batunzwe ahanini n ubuhinzi n ubgorozi ago twageze in mukagari ka '''Kigarama''' Mu mudugudu wa '''Nyantabo''' twahasanze uwitwa '''MUGABE JEAN. D' AMOUR''' UYU yatubwiye ko abona kisaro muri make "Mubyukuri kisaro iri gutera imbere ugereranije na mbere gusa bongere ibikorwa remezo kd bahe uburenganzira abaturage bakore ibibateza imbere" <br /> 7lclih3594twatks9jcbqvd6pjydstc 0 8268 79237 71893 2021-08-31T18:09:14Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:New-Map-Sinophone World.PNG|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Ikarita y’Gishinwa</font>]] '''Gishinwa''' (izina mu Gishinwa : '''汉语''' ) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Ubushinwa]] . Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''chn'''. [[Dosiye:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|china]] [[Category:Ubushinwa]] 2m2b47fupfmfsrw3uw0v1btbith7prc 0 8269 77097 76933 2021-08-06T18:08:54Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwandan Culture.jpg|center|thumb|720x720px|abanyarwanda]] Igihugu Cy'U Rwanda gifite imisozi 100[[File:Kuhira.jpg|thumb|Kuhira]] rvcogdcxg59xeueib07cj9p5gv6t7fg 0 8270 71909 2019-09-04T05:18:56Z Wolverène 4453 Wolverène moved page [[Masedoniya]] to [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]]: North Macedonia. Did I spell it right? wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] 9aqtqce48gdujw0hv82xdmes67j2ykg 14 8271 71913 2019-09-04T05:20:23Z Wolverène 4453 Wolverène moved page [[Category:Masedoniya]] to [[Category:Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] bvduflharhlw3af014rwpmuqksp28ut 0 8272 71915 2019-09-04T11:00:08Z 105.178.108.112 Created page with "Rushashi" wikitext text/x-wiki Rushashi 9pq0caszkw5h1cm1tslyminy7ogftbk 0 8273 71917 2019-09-05T06:32:01Z Metropolis123456789 7746 Metropolis123456789 moved page [[Swazilande]] to [[Eswatini]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Eswatini]] 4jx1zhn2fgjd3uzkht0dkvdhyflwy8u 0 8277 77777 71923 2021-08-16T12:58:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_delegation_level_talks,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018.JPG|thumb|Umutwe w'abadepite mu Rwanda]] depite [[sebitabi]] 7qu0v3dzlqxc1lo4fa94vo2dbf8vl8i 0 8279 79048 78392 2021-08-30T21:06:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationItaly.png|right|200px]] [[File:Panorama Coreca 2018.jpg|thumb|Coreca]] [[Dosiye:Statua_della_Madonna_degli_Angeli_a_Coreca.jpg|thumb|igishusho della Madonna degli Angeli mumujyi wa Coreca]] '''Coreca''' ni umujyi w'u [[Ubutariyani]], [[Uburayi]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Italy.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|italy]] [[Category:Ubutariyani]] owdp7ve3byodvd2vnqjdjt25v37ega4 14 8281 71940 2019-10-10T16:14:19Z 63.158.165.23 Created page with "=== [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] === <br />" wikitext text/x-wiki === [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]] === <br /> h4cki5np0onqmvbaykc0ryx16mas5sc 0 8282 79254 77972 2021-08-31T19:38:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Guca iryera n'ijambo rikoreshwa cyane n'abanyarwanda igihe badaherutse kubonana cyangwa bakumbuye umuntu udaheruka.]] Ni umuntu cyangwa ibintu udaheruka kubono. [[Dosiye:Umuco wo kwota.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Umuco wo kota]] 6tq479ew33ch5d36q0pptu8wclxaqwy 0 8284 71956 2019-11-04T19:17:58Z 2A03:2880:31FF:1:0:0:FACE:B00C Igisibo wikitext text/x-wiki Igiribo 8svytmutm6v88hgdsp4t14aigp7ixqg 0 8290 78086 71986 2021-08-20T21:05:57Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyabihuDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Bigogwe uri mu akarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Dosiye:Urutare_rutangaje_ibere_rya_bigogwe.jpg|thumb|Urutare rutangaje ibere rya bigogwe]] utugri twa bigogwe pwiroynggnqwwavdjc6gcx48kvhd73f 0 8298 77700 72003 2021-08-15T10:43:23Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RulindoDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Bushoki uherereye mu Karere ka Rulindo ]] Umurenge was bushoki uherereye my karere ka rulindo 3wpqz9l90155nn5pdnl5ova52cpt3g7 0 8302 77690 72024 2021-08-15T09:25:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RW_Nyamagabe_(Gikongoro)_(2).jpg|thumb|Umurenge ka Kamegeri uherereye mu karrere kaNyamagabe (Gikongoro) mu intara yamagepfo y'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita ya karere ka Nyamagabe]] [[Dosiye:Kitabi_-_Nyaruguru_hills.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Nyamagabe mu mirenge imwe nimwe y'icyaro igizwe n'ubuhinzi bw'icyayi]] Umurenge wa Kamegeli Nyamagabe ifite Utugali 6: Rususa, Kamegeri, Bwama, Kizi, Nyarusiza 43jeim9oj1zvxmahumlrh2315cx7k9q 0 8304 77716 72026 2021-08-15T15:11:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyarugengeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo uboneka mu Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Rwezamenyo Utugali: 4 1.kabuguru I 2.kabuguru II 3.Rwezamenyo I 4.Rwezamenyo II 3pjzg2521rsp9hnca2ixc56xv5ywo8b 0 8308 72264 72136 2020-05-08T18:41:51Z BFD-69 8784 Redirected page to [[Kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kigali]] mpc2xw036p9eovqofnxm416u169gtdl 0 8312 77973 72066 2021-08-19T19:03:42Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panorama_of_Valley_View_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Umurenge wa kigoma uherereye mu karere ka Huye-Butare - Southern Rwanda]] Bankundiye Alexie 3qqyrcftmofuhmaqccdg4u4a7kdsjkp 0 8316 72076 2020-02-03T09:35:49Z 2A03:2880:31FF:F:0:0:FACE:B00C utugari wikitext text/x-wiki utugari 1dhezjrjc5jnpsdn7lgjx8m1bspk78s 0 8317 77854 73412 2021-08-18T02:00:13Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urusyo rusya ibiryo.jpg|thumb|urusyo]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] Ikinyarwanda lf8f8tsef9rxgeepeio3bsjm3s6ibe3 0 8321 77707 72104 2021-08-15T14:16:46Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GakenkeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Nemba uherereye mu akarere ka Gakenke mu intara yamajyaruguru y'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Farmers_to_the_market,Gakenke,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Abaturage batuye uyu murenge wa Nemba mu murenge wa Gakenke batunzwe n'umwuga w'ubuhinzi.]] Umurenge wa Nemba ugizwe n’utugali tune: Gisozi, Gahinga, Mucaca na Buranga Ni wo urimo bimwe mu bitaro by’akarere ka Gakenke byitwa IBITARO BYA NEMBA (HÔPITAL NEMBA)biri muri kilometero igera kuri imwe uvuye mu gasanteri ka Gakenke, Ku muhanda Kigali-Musanze. Umurenge wa Nemba ufite Ishuri rya Leta abanyeshuri biga babamo: Ni ishuri Ryisumbuye rya Nyarutovu (Nyarutovu Secondary School).Ufite kandi Ishuri ryigenga rya APRODESOC-Nemba. Ayo mashuri yombi yegeranye n’ibitaro. Irya Leta riri iburyo ugererenyije n’aho Paruwasi yubatse na ho iryigenga rikaba ibumoso. [Aha dufatiye ku muntu ureba muri Buranga ahagaze mu misozi iteganye na Kiliziya ku ruhande rwegereye umugezi witwa Musange]. Ibindi bikorwa remezo byegeranye n’umurenge wa Nemba ni nk’isoko rya Gakenke; na ho mu bijyanye n’amateka umurenge wa Nemba ni wo ubamo iriba rya Gihanga n’irya Nyirarucyaba ku musozi wa Kabuye. phlh63v12cg95dadbb92hizubnwcd8k 0 8324 77711 72129 2021-08-15T14:47:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KicukiroDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyarugunga uherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu mujyi wa Kigali]] [[Akagari ka Kamashashi]] [[Akagari ka Nonko]] [[Akagari ka Rwimbogo]] qd3o5l5fyv6nppsegymbv1l4ei83uci 0 8327 79223 75251 2021-08-31T17:21:01Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Burundu Commune of Gihanga.png|thumb]] Gihanga ni komine yintara ya Bubanza mu majyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwu [[Burundi]]. Umurwa mukuru uri mu mujyi wa Gihanga. Umurwa mukuru w'intara uherereye i [[Bubanza]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|burundi]] cjztjodudfflcsiao3juobokyx0i2i8 0 8328 78311 72779 2021-08-24T02:08:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease|image=Musinga.jpg|caption=200px}} '''Yuhi V Musinga''' (1883 - 1944), amazina ye y'amavuko Musinga, yari umwe mu bategetsi ba nyuma b'ubwami bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yabaye mwami (nyuma y’iyicwa rya murumuna we basangiye nyina [[Mibambwe IV]] mu 1896, yashyigikiye kungurana ibitekerezo n’abakoloni b’Abadage, ariko ahura n’ubuyobozi bw’abakoloni bw’Ababiligi igihe bwakiraga manda y’Umuryango w’ibihugu mu gutsindwa n’Ubudage mu gihe intambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Buhoro buhoro yambura mwami uburenganzira bwe, ashaka gushyira idini Gatolika mu rukiko rwa Nyanza, Ababiligi barangije kwirukana umwami ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1931 bashinjwa "kwikunda no kwifuza". Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo, umwami yirukanywe mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Kongo mu Bubiligi, azarangiza iminsi ye i Moba, naho umuhungu we, igikomangoma Charles Rudahigwa, yitwa mwami wo mu Rwanda ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1931 ku izina rya [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] . [[Dosiye:Igitabo cyinkomane.jpg|center|thumb|520x520px|ingoro yumwami]] [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] m4ybvmdh0kricubjnp4173b47uuyaej 0 8329 77411 75430 2021-08-10T02:40:32Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Mutara III Rudahigwa |- | colspan="2" |[[File:Tutsi king Mutara.jpg|thumb]] |- ! colspan="2" |Mwami wo mu Rwanda |- !Gutegeka |16 Ugushyingo 1931 - 25 Nyakanga 1959 |- !Ababanjirije |[[Yuhi V Musinga|Yuhi V of Rwanda]] |- !Uzasimbura |Kigeli V wo mu Rwanda |- ! colspan="2" | |- !Yavutse |Werurwe 1911 Nyanza , u Rwanda |- !Yapfuye |25 Nyakanga 1959 (afite imyaka 48) [[Bujumbura]], [[Burundi]] |- !Uwo mwashakanye |[[Rosalie Gicanda]] |- !Clan |Abanyiginya |- !Data |[[Yuhi V of Rwanda]] |- !Mama |Radegonde Nyiramavugo Kankazi |} '''Mutara III Rudahigwa''' (Werurwe 1911 - 25 Nyakanga 1959) <ref>https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-mutara-iii-rudahigwa-grave-image20198819</ref> yabaye umwami w'u [[Rwanda]] kuva 1931 kugeza 1959. Yimye ingoma ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1931 nyuma yuko se, [[Yuhi V Musinga]] akuwe ku butegetsi. guverinoma y'abakoloni b'Ababiligi iminsi ine mbere. Niwe mwami wa mbere w'u Rwanda winjiye mu idini rya Gatolika. Yabaye Umugatolika mu 1943 maze afata izina rya gikristo "Charles Léon Pierre". Se Yuhi V yari yaranze kujya mu bukirisitu, kandi Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda yamufata nk'umuntu urwanya abakristu wahagaritse ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ubukristu mu Rwanda. Rudahigwa yari yarigiye rwihishwa ubukristu ayobowe n'umuyobozi wa kiliziya gatolika yo mu Rwanda, Léon Classe, kuva mu 1929, kandi we ubwe yari yarateguwe n'Ababiligi kugira ngo asimbure se. Mu 1946, yeguriye igihugu cye Kristo maze ahinduka Ubukristo nk'idini ry'igihugu. Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yashakanye na Rosariya Gicanda, uyu akaba yarishwe igihe cya Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994. [[Dosiye:King's palace in Nyanza.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|inzu]] Rudahigwa yatabarijwe ku musozi wa Mwima i Nyanza ku wa 28 Nyakanga 1959. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] ai1wnz0lan64ud9uvdrlkuk4wmdjeb5 0 8330 76621 75304 2021-07-29T18:59:42Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kigeli V Ndahindurwa''' niwe mwami wa nyuma w'uRwanda akaba yarabatijwe akitwa Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa. [[Dosiye:Kigeli_V_Ndahindurwa.jpg|thumb|Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Kigeli V Ndahindurwa |- | colspan="2" |[[File:Kigeli V of Rwanda at the NLC.jpg|thumb]] |- ! colspan="2" |Mwami wo mu Rwanda |- !Gutegeka |28 Nyakanga 1959 - 28 Mutarama 1961 |- !Ababanjirije |[[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] |- !Uzasimbura |Yuhi VI wo mu Rwanda (mu kwiyitirira) |- ! colspan="2" | |- !Yavutse |29 Kamena 1936 [[Cyangugu|Kamembe]] , Ruanda-Urundi |- !Yapfuye |16 Ukwakira 2016 (afite imyaka 80) [[Washington DC]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] |- !Clan |Abanyiginya |- !Data |[[Yuhi V Musinga]] |- !Mama |Mukashema Bernadette |- !Iyobokamana |Gatolika ya Roma |} == Ubuzima bwa mbere n'uburere == Kigeli yavutse kuya 29 kamena 1936 I Kamembe, mu cyahoze hitwa Ruanda-Urundi, yima ingoma kuya 28 nyakanga 1959 kugeza 28 mutarama 1961, mbere gato yuko Ububiligi butanga ubwigenge muri iki gihugu. == Mu buhungiro == Igihe yari mu buhungiro muri Amerika, ntabwo yigeze yima uburenganzira bwe bw'ingoma kandi yafatwaga nk'umwami wa Jura w'u Rwanda, ayobora umusingi utanga ubufasha bw'ikiremwamuntu ku Rwanda. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yamwohereje muri Tanzaniya ku ya 2 Ukwakira 1961, nyuma aba muri Uganda na Kenya. Amerika yamuhaye ubuhungiro bwa politiki muri Nyakanga 1992 kandi yabaga muri Virginie kugeza apfuye mu gitondo cyo ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2016. Ibisigazwa bye byimuriwe mu Rwanda n'icyemezo cy'ubucamanza maze ahambwa ku ya 15 Mutarama 2017 mu karere ka Nyanza, hafi ya murumuna we [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]]. [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] cwbbuqemnfu1rd43ckh7jbw95o592pg 0 8331 75293 75292 2021-03-29T15:27:13Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease|image=Mwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri.jpg|caption=200px}} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Kigeli IV Rwabugiri |- | colspan="2" |Kigeli IV |- ! colspan="2" |Mwami wo mu Rwanda |- !Gutegeka |1853 - 1895 |- !Ababanjirije |[[Mutara II Rwogera]] |- !Uzasimbura |[[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]] |- ! colspan="2" | |- !Yavutse |1840 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Yapfuye |Ugushyingo 1895 (imyaka 54/55) [[Leta ya Kongo Yigenga]] |- !Clan |Abanyiginya |- !Mama |Nyirakigeri Murorunkwere |} '''Kigeli IV Rwabugiri''' (1840? - Ugushyingo 1895) yari umwami w'Ubwami bw'u [[Rwanda]] mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Yari umwe mu bami b'abaNyiginya baheruka ku ngoma yari ku butegetsi yari yarakomotse ku gisekuru cye mu binyejana bine byabanje kugeza kuri Yari umututsi ku izina ry'amavuko rya Rwabugiri. Niwe mwami wa mbere mu mateka y'u Rwanda waje guhura n'Abanyaburayi. Yashyizeho ingabo zifite intwaro yakuye mu Budage kandi abuza abanyamahanga benshi cyane cyane [[Abarabu]] kwinjira mu bwami bwe. Rwabugiri yarushijeho kugenzura ubutaka, amatungo, n'abantu bo muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati. Rwabugiri ntiyashoboye kugeza ubutegetsi bwe ku bwiyongere bw'butaka gusa, ahubwo yanashimangiye ubutegetsi mu ntore za politiki zamenyekanye nk'Abatutsi b'amoko. Mbere, ahanini bari abatware baho ubu bari bagize umuyoboro wemerera Umwami kwubaka ubumwe bw'igihugu mukarere gashya. Rwabugiri yabaye umwami hagati y'imyaka 1853-1895. Yatanze (yapfuye) mu Gushyingo 1895, ubwo yari mu rugendo muri [[Leta ya Kongo Yigenga]], nyuma gato yo kuza k'umushakashatsi w’umudage Count Gustav Adolf von Götzen. Umuhungu we wamureraga, Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa, yatangajwe ko ari umwami ukurikira.<ref>http://rwanda.free.fr/docs2_h_b.htm</ref> [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] so6e7af0872h1rb0yswhr86j0e4ir5x 0 8332 76622 72156 2021-07-29T19:02:54Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tutsi princess.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Queen_Gicanda_and_Queen_Mother_Nyiramavugo_Kanzaki.jpg|thumb|Umwamikazi Gicanda n'Umwamikazi Mama Nyiramavugo Kanzaki]] Rosalie Gicanda (1928 - 20 Mata 1994) yari umwamikazi w’u Rwanda, akaba umugore wa Mwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]]. yamaze indi myaka ibiri gusa, ku ngoma ya Mwami [[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] kugeza irangiye mu 1961. == Ubwicanyi == Ku ya 20 Mata 1994, ubwo itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryatangiraga ku mugaragaro Butare, itsinda ry’abasirikare bayobowe na Liyetona Pierre Bizimana, ryayobowe na Kapiteni Idelphonse Nizeyimana, ryashimuse uwahoze ari umwami hamwe n’abandi bari batuye aho yari atuye.<ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-tragic-and-little-known-story-of-the-striking-last-queen-of-rwanda-rosalie-gicanda</ref> Bahise bimura abari bajyanywe bunyago inyuma yinzu ndangamurage yigihugu barabarasa. Umwe mu barokotse ni umukobwa muto, waje kuvuga inkuru y'ubwo bwicanyi. Nyuma y'iminsi ibiri, nyina w'umwamikazi na we aricwa. Abisabwe n'umupadiri, Umuyobozi wa Butare, Kanyabashi, yakuye umurambo w'umwamikazi Gicanda maze ahambwa mu gikari iruhande rw'urugo rwe.<ref>https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-image-queen-rosalie-gicanda-grave-image20274161</ref> <references group="i" /> 787ee7vqjstrtgvqxzatjlsc9i0p2r4 0 8337 76427 76419 2021-07-26T08:18:26Z 41.186.78.49 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Akarere ka kamonyi ni kamwe mu turere tugize intara y'amajyepfo, kakaba gafite imirenge 12. Ariyo: -Runda -Gacurabwenge -Rukoma -Kayenzi -Nyamiyaga -Nyarubaka -Mugina -Musambira -Gihinga -Ngamba -kayumbu -Karama [[Dosiye:KamonyiDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Kamonyi]] [[Dosiye:Ibiro_by'akarere_ka_Kamonyi.jpg|thumb|Ibiro by'akarere ka Kamonyi]][[File:Umurenge w'aJuru.jpg|thumb|Umurenge w'aJuru]] iwgje65d7ui30gp02vod5e2n1t9xjxx 0 8339 76113 72196 2021-07-18T14:21:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki umurenge wanyamugali uherereye muri kirehe uhaña imbibi na : mahama,kigina,kigalama,nyarubuye, tanzania(rusumo border) ukaba ugizwe nutugali 5 aritwo 1.bukora 2.nyamugali 3.kagasa 4.kazizi 5.kiyanzi ibiro byumurenge byubatse mukagali ka nyamugali ibihingwa bihingwa ni : amasaka,ibigori,ibishyimbo,imyumbati source:hodal from nyamugali/bukora [[Dosiye:Woman_in_the_market_selling_cassava.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati ni kimwe mu bihingwa bitunze cyane abaturage batuye umurenge wa Nyamugali]] [[Dosiye:Maize_9.jpg|thumb|Ibigoli]] [[Dosiye:Bean_sean_bean.jpg|thumb|Abaturage b'umurenge wa Nyamugali batunzwe n'ubuhinzi bw' ibishyimbo]] h6y4z1jchx5bycg72afo57lt9qx8f3y 0 8340 79197 76497 2021-08-31T11:56:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fred rwigema.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Rwigema Fred]] '''[[Fred Rwigema]]''' (wavutse tariki 10 Mata 1957 apfa tariki 02 Ukwakira 1990) yari umunyapolitiki n' umusirikare w' umunyarwanda. Amazina ye y' ivuko ni Gisa Emmanuel. Ni umwe mu ntwari z' u [[Rwanda]] zaharaniye gutahura bamwe mu banyarwanda bari barahunze birukanywe mu gihugu cyabo kuva mu 1959. Kuri ubu Rwigema afatwa nk' Intwari mu bihugu nka Uganda na Mozambike kubera ibikorwa yahakoreye nk'umusirikari uko yagendaga abirwanirira. [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] Gisa ni umwe mu banyarwanda benshi bakuriye mu buhungiro. Mu mwaka w' 1985, Rwigema yashinze ishyaka rya FPR (Rwanda Patriotic Front) riri kumwe n' umutwe w' ingabo wiswe RPA (Rwanda Patriotic Army). ar2hoyutruprnegbzn5tf4z2hakomnz 0 8341 78504 77266 2021-08-25T01:34:35Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kirehe_district_map.jpg|thumb|ikarita y'akarere ka Kirehe]] [[File:KireheMap.jpg|thumb|KireheMap]] '''kirehe''' ni akarere gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] kakaba gahana imbibi na [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] , [[Akarere ka Kayonza|kayonza]], [[Uburundi]] , [[Tanzaniya]] . [[Umugezi]] w'[[Akagera]] niwo uhuza akarere ka Kirehe n'igihugu cya Tanzaniya. Akarere ka Kirehe gatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri 340,893 batuye ku buso bwa km 1,1188.5(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage rya 2012).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-18 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720010112/https://kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kirehe igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12)ariyo: * [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]][[Umurenge wa Gahara]] * [[Umurenge wa Gatore]] * [[Umurenge wa Kigina]] * [[Umurenge wa Kirehe]] * [[Umurenge wa Mahama]] * [[Umurenge wa Mpaanga]] * [[Umurenge wa Musaza]] * [[Umurenge wa Mushikiri]] * [[Umurenge wa Naasho]] * [[Umurenge wa Nyamugari]] * [[Umurenge wa Nyarubuye]] * [[Umurenge wa Kigarama]] [[File:Lion_from_National_Akagera_Parc,_near_Lac_Akagera,_by_0788221644.jpg|thumb|Intare muri pariki y'Akagera , hafi n'umugezi w'Akagera,]] == Imiyoboro == mdihsig71zdbh11n3hrobktl3z3798m 14 8346 72239 72238 2020-05-04T11:56:32Z 31.200.14.219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Prime ministers of Azerbaijan}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki b’Azeribayijani]] s6c92r4x64d2wv7f4vwa49fhezjn4x1 14 8347 72237 2020-05-03T20:44:46Z 31.200.14.219 Created page with "{{Commonscat|Azerbaijani politicians}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyazeribayijani]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Azerbaijani politicians}} [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyazeribayijani]] 2fxhtq463fsqpwzyj9v4gw6ga9kgpts 0 8355 78059 73292 2021-08-20T09:58:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bing_Crosby_1951.jpg|thumb|Bing Crosby ]] '''Harry Lillis Crosby''' (Tacoma, [[Amerika]], Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1903-Alcobendas, Espanye, ku ya 14 Ukwakira 1977), uzwi cyane ku izina rya Bing Crosby, yari umuririmbyi w'umunyamerika (crooner) akaba n'umukinnyi ufite umwuga w'ubuhanzi wo mu kinyejana cya kabiri yatekerezaga ko Inyenyeri ya mbere ya Multimedia, Bing Crosby nigikorwa cyagurishijwe cyane kandi cyatsinze cyane mu kinyejana cya 20 kwisi. [[File:Bing Crosby 1942.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Bing Crosby]] Crosby yari umuyobozi mu kugurisha amajwi, kurutonde rwa radiyo, no kwinjiza amafaranga menshi - umwe mu bantu bakomeye kandi bakomeye bo mu kinyejana cya 20 ku isi. Yari umwe mu bahanzi ba mbere ba multimediya. Hagati ya 1934 na 1954, Crosby yari afite ibicuruzwa byiza cyane bidasanzwe hamwe na alubumu ye, amanota menshi kuri radiyo, ndetse na firime zizwi ku isi. Akenshi afatwa nkumwe mubakinnyi ba muzika bazwi cyane mumateka kandi nijwi ryabantu ryanditswe kuri elegitoroniki muri iki gihe. Icyamamare mu buhanzi bwa Crosby ni rusange, ni ngombwa cyane kuvuga ko yari umwe mu bashishikarije abandi basemuzi bakomeye b'abagabo bamushyigikiye, nka '''Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Dean Martin, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Bublé Bamwe.''' Bing Crosby yagurishije inyandiko zirenga miriyari 1 kwisi yose kugeza ubu3 4 birashoboka ko wagurishijwe cyane mumateka, ndetse nindirimbo yagurishijwe cyane kwisi yitwa Noheri yera, hamwe na kopi zirenga 50.000.000 zagurishijwe kwisi yose.5 Crosby yari azwi cyane kandi azwi cyane hagati mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati ku isi, ku buryo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe icyo gihe bwerekanye ko Crosby yari azwi cyane kandi yubahwa kurusha Papa Piyo wa XII icyo gihe. Imbonerahamwe yatsindiye iracyashimishije: amakarita 396 ku giti cye, harimo 41 yakinnye. Niba ubaze inshuro nyinshi "Noheri yera" yatsinzwe, ibyo byazana iyo mibare igera kuri 43, kurusha The Beatles na Elvis Presley hamwe. Crosby yari afite imbonerahamwe zitandukanye buri mwaka hagati ya 1931 na 1954, wongeyeho afite inshuro 24 zitandukanye zizwi cyane muri 1939 wenyine. Bing Crosby yafashe amajwi arenga 2000 yafashwe amajwi yubucuruzi hamwe na radio zigera ku 4000, hiyongereyeho urutonde runini rwerekana amafilime na televiziyo, niwe muhanzi wanditswe cyane mu mateka. Bing Crosby yatsinze amanota 41 No 1 ku rutonde (43 harimo imitwe ya kabiri n'iya gatatu kuri "Noheri yera"), kurusha Beatles ifite (24) na Elvis Presley ufite (18). Amajwi ye yageze ku rutonde inshuro 396, arenga Frank Sinatra (209) na Elvis Presley (149) hamwe. Crosby yari ijwi ryindirimbo 13 zatowe na Oscar, enye muri zo zatsindiye igihembo cya Akademiki cyindirimbo nziza: "Sweet Leilani" (Ubukwe bwa Waikiki, 1937), "Noheri yera" (Holiday Inn, 1942), "Swinging ku nyenyeri "(Genda Inzira Yanjye, 1944), na" Muri Cool, Cool, Cool of nimugoroba "(Hano Haza Umukwe, 1951). Bing Crosby yahawe inyenyeri eshatu kuri Walk Walk of Fame ya Hollywood: imwe yo gufata amajwi, imwe kuri radio, n'indi ya firime. Bing Crosby niwe muhanzi wanditswe cyane mu mateka hamwe n’indirimbo zigera kuri 400 zagurishijwe ku isi, ibyo bikaba byagezweho ko nta muntu urimo Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, The Beatles na Michael Jackson wegereye guhuza. Crosby yanditse amajwi ane muri Grammy Hall of Fame, iki kikaba ari igihembo kidasanzwe cyashinzwe mu 1973 mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro amajwi "afite ireme n'amateka". {{DEFAULTSORT:Crosby, Bing}} [[Category:Abanyamerika]] [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] l1rvzfwk9m12khnrvjin1sxp7gvfzbx 10 8358 72302 2020-06-08T22:22:26Z WikiBayer 7821 Created page with "/* This template is loaded on the main page to address T32405 Please feel free to adapt the code, translate this message. Updates can be found in https://gist.github.com/jdl..." sanitized-css text/css /* This template is loaded on the main page to address T32405 Please feel free to adapt the code, translate this message. Updates can be found in https://gist.github.com/jdlrobson/dbb124296ed2a1fc7242018c7b589059 */ @media screen and ( max-width: 720px ) { body.skin-minerva td, body.skin-minerva tr, body.skin-minerva .mp-column, body.skin-minerva .floatleft, body.skin-minerva .floatright, body.skin-minerva tbody, body.skin-minerva table { display: block !important; float: none !important; width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box; } } ttuv817bom2gphft46tgoegb1jlamnz 0 8360 83493 83470 2022-05-14T04:29:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali added photo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Felicite niyitegeka.jpg|thumb|425x425px|Niyitegeka Felicite]] [[Dosiye:Niyitegeka Félicité.png|thumb|'''Félicité Niyitegeka''']] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Flag of Rwanda]] '''Félicité Niyitegeka''' (yavutse mu 1934) Ni Umubikira w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ubarwa mu ntwari z'igihugu, yavukiye i Vumbi, mu cyahoze ari komini ya Runyinya, muri perefegitura ya [[Butare]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/felicite-niyitegeka-was-always-heroine</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == . Ni bucura y'umuryango w'abana 10, Félicité yize mumashuri abanza ya Astrida, hanyuma yiga ayisumbuye mu ishuri rya Save mumashuri acungwa n'ababikira<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/ibaruwa-iteye-agahinda-intwari-felicite-yandikiye-musaza-we-col-nzungize</ref>. Arangije amasomo ye mu myaka ya za 1950, Félicité yahawe inshingano yo kuba umwarimu n'umugenzuzi mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]], mu ishuri rya Muramba<ref>https://thebridge.rw/niyitegeka-felicite-intwari-yigihugu-mu-rwego-rwimena/</ref>. Icyo gihe yahawe na “Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat”, yitwa “Demoiselles”. Paruwasi ya Nyundo na seminari ya Nyundo yari imaze gushingwa ihabwa umwepiskopi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]], [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Aloys Bigirumwami.]]<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/189549</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/ascl-rwanda-collection</ref> Félicité yavukiye mu muryango ufite kwizera Gukomeye muri Kristo, ise Simon Sekabwa yari umukiristu bikomeye.<ref>https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/felicite-niyitegeka/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201402030649.html</ref> Félicité yabaye umugore wa mbere [[Afurika|w’umunyafurika]] wabaye Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat2<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref>. Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat intego yabo ni ugukorana bya hafi na musenyeri, Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat bitwaga [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] "Abakobwa ba Musenyeri", [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Bigirumwami]] yohereje Félicité i Lourdes kugira ngo ahugurwe, aho ikigo cy’amahugurwa ku Isi cy’abafasha ba Apostolate giherereye<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/ENGLISH_final.pdf</ref>.<ref>https://www.sapiens.org/culture/rwandan-genocide-rescuers/</ref> == Umwuga == Tugarutse mu [[Rwanda]], Félicité yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref name=":0" />. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishuri rikuru “Notre-Dame d'Afrique” rya Nyundo<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref>, umwepiskopi yamwohereje i Lourdes mu 1963, kugira ngo ajyane nabandi bagenzi be bo muri [[Afurika]] bahugurirwe hamwe<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/01/the-catholic-nun-who-rejected-armed-escorts/</ref>. Yagarutse nyuma y'imyaka itandatu ashingwa kuyobora ubuyobozi bwa Centre Saint Pierre, ikigo cya diyosezi cyari ishinzwe amahugurwa n’umwiherero wa Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref>. Icyubahiro cye cyambutse umupaka kugera i [[Goma]], muri [[Zayire]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|(Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]), aho yakoranye na bagenzi be<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/104911/amagambo-yavuzwe-na-niyitegeka-felicite-uri-mu-ntwari-zigihugu-yakozwemo-indirimbo-video-104911.html</ref>. .Félicité yahoraga yifuza kwitangira umurimo , cyane cyane ku babikeneye cyane. Yabigaragaje muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref><ref>https://bangambiki.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/intwari-zu-rwanda-felicite-niyitegeka/</ref>. Mu gukora urutonde rw'intwari z'igihugu, abayobozi basanze ubutwari bwe mubuzima bwe bwose bumwemerera kuba kurutonde maze yegurwa kuba intwari y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibi byatewe n'icyemezo cy'inama y'abaminisitiri yabaye ku ya 12 Nzeri 2011<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.dwci.edu/download_file/view/1128/357</ref>. == Amashakiro == <br /> [[Ikiciro:Intwari]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] d2265x3kfhtv5au66qb4l9yod7dul74 0 8361 77118 72313 2021-08-07T23:55:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Bitandukanye n'inzibutso za jenoside nyinshi mu Rwanda, Urwibutso rw'Intwari z'igihugu i Kigali ntirushobora kugera ku bantu. Uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa na minisiteri y’urubyiruko, siporo n’umuco rurasabwa kugera kuri uru ruganda ruto rw’imva n’imva hafi ya stade Amahoro. Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko iyi atari urwibutso rwa jenoside gusa. Ahubwo, intwari icumi zibukiwe hano ziratandukanye na Jenerali Majoro [[Fred Rwigema]], umuyobozi w'icyamamare w'ingabo z’ingabo z’inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda (RPA) wishwe ku munsi wa kabiri RPA yateye u Rwanda mu Kwakira 1990; [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]], wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Abahutu wishwe mu minsi ya mbere ya jenoside; n'abasirikare benshi batazwi. [[Dosiye:Urugamba rwoguhagarika Genocide.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|intwali]] Byinshi mu mva zabo byashushanywaga kuri marble yijimye yijimye kandi irimbishijweho zahabu. Bashyizwe mubutaka bunoze, bubungabunzwe neza nabarimyi babiri. Kurinda imva kubintu, ibisenge birinda bikingira hafi kurubuga rwose. Kurinda imva abacengezi, abarinzi babiri bitwaje imbunda barinda urwibutso igihe cyose. Agace gato kazengurutswe "ikigo cyabashyitsi" kirimo inzu yerekana ishusho yerekana hasi. Usibye amashusho yavuzwe nabandi, 8qk26v5640wl4lf822vfvhbuw2ci2p3 0 8362 77077 75484 2021-08-05T22:05:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki A [https://maticz.com/cryptocurrency-exchange-software-development Cryptocurrency Exchange] is a platform for individuals and traders to buy, sell & exchange cryptocurrencies with fiat currencies such as INR, Euros, dollars, pounds, etc... Basically, there are mainly three types of exchanges in the market namely: 1. Centralized Exchange 2. Decentralized Exchange 3. Hybrid Exchange [[Dosiye:Wiki_Loves_Africa_RWANDA_2020_Launch_event_02.jpg|thumb|Abanyarwanda nkuko byahoze mu muco bakunda gusabana ndetse no kungurana ibitekerezo n'abayobozi hagamijwe iterambere rirambye.]] [[Dosiye:Final_year_students_defending_their_research_projects_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage mu Rwanda bumwe mubyuryo bwo kwihutisha iterambere rirambye]] Guhana kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage (DEX) ni uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru bukora mu buryo bwo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage, ni ukuvuga, nta buyobozi bukuru. Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi byemerera urungano rw’urungano rwo gucuruza amafaranga. Kwinjira mu gitabo kuri Switcheo Guhana Kubera ko abakoresha badakeneye kohereza umutungo wabo mu kuvunja, guhana kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage bigabanya ibyago by’ubujura buva mu bucuruzi bw’ivunjisha. Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi birashobora kandi gukumira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga cyangwa ibicuruzwa byahimbwe binyuze mu bucuruzi bwo gukaraba, kandi ntibizwi kuruta guhanahana gushyira mu bikorwa kumenya ibyo umukiriya wawe asabwa. [[Dosiye:President_paul_kagame_at_work_with_citizens.jpg|thumb|Uukuru w'igihugu afatanya n'abaturage kubaka ibikorwa remezo mu rwego rwo kubigisha gukorana umurava.]] Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko kungurana ibitekerezo byegerejwe abaturage byagize ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi buke ndetse n’isoko ry’isoko. Umushinga 0x, protocole yo kubaka ihererekanyabubasha hamwe no guhinduranya ibintu bigerageza gukemura iki kibazo. [https://maticz.com/localbitcoins-clone-script LocalBitcoins Clone], [https://maticz.com/paxful-clone-script Paxful Clone], [https://maticz.com/leverage-margin-trading-software-development Margin Trading Software] [https://maticz.com/pancakeswap-clone-script PancakeSwap Clone] - Enables you to launch a hassle-free exchange. [https://maticz.com/nft-marketplace-development NFT Marketplace Development] - Develop an NFT Marketplace == Ingaruka == Bitewe no kubura inzira ya KYC, kandi ntaburyo bwo guhindura ibikorwa, abakoresha barahomba niba bigeze bibasirwa ijambo ryibanga cyangwa urufunguzo rwihariye. == Impamyabumenyi zo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage == [https://www.blockchainappfactory.com/cryptocurrency-exchange-software Kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi] birashobora kugira ibice bikomatanyirijwe hamwe, aho kugenzura kugenzura kuvunja bikiri mu maboko yubuyobozi bukuru. Urugero rugaragara ni IDEX ibuza abakoresha leta ya New York gushyira ibicuruzwa kuri platifomu. Muri Nyakanga 2018, Bancor yoherezwa mu nzego zegerejwe abaturage ngo yibwe kandi ihomba igihombo cy’amadorari 13.5M mbere yo guhagarika amafaranga. Muri Tweet, Charlie Lee, uwashizeho Litecoin yagize icyo avuga avuga ko kuvunja bidashobora kwegerezwa abaturage niba bishobora gutakaza cyangwa guhagarika amafaranga y’abakiriya. Abakora ibikorwa byo kungurana ibitekerezo byegerejwe abaturage barashobora guhura ningaruka zemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa leta. Akarorero kamwe ni uwashinze EtherDelta, mu Gushyingo 2018 yakemuye ibirego muri komisiyo ishinzwe kugurizanya no kugurizanya muri Amerika ku bijyanye no gukora ivunjisha ritanditswe. [https://cryptomaticz.com/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-exchange-script Cryptocurrency Exchange Script] to Build Crypto Exchange 84hft7qf3g7pdsz9sft0jc8g0xfn9u2 0 8366 77712 72334 2021-08-15T14:52:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NyarugengeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Nyarugunga uri mu karere ka Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali.]] Akagari ka Nyakabanda I Akagari ka Nyakabanda II Akagari ka Munanira I Akagari ka Munanira II hx50bnmko49a9abpjraldfrozg9pzg0 0 8374 79290 76369 2021-08-31T21:10:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Windows 10 Logo.svg|center|thumb|500x500px|porogarame]] Rwandan software development company hzirsb13pt8cu98d04z04sfogtl4kpo 0 8375 81343 79379 2022-01-13T18:45:25Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Melchior Ndadaye speaking at a FRODEBU rally.jpg|thumb|278x278px]] '''Melchior Ndadaye''' (n. [[Intara ya Muramvya| Murama]], [[28 Werurwe]] ya [[1953]] - [[Bujumbura]], [[21 Ukwakira]] ya [1993]]) yari [[umunyabwenge]] na [[umunyapolitiki]] [[Burundi|Burundian]] wabaye uwa kane [[Uburundi|Perezida wa Repubulika y’Uburundi]] kuva [[10 Nyakanga]] kuva [[1993]] kugeza yiciwe ku ya [[21 Ukwakira]] muri uwo mwaka. Yabaye umukuru wa mbere w’ibihugu by’Uburundi ukomoka [[abahutu]], ubwoko bwinshi mu gihugu cye, akaba na perezida wa mbere [[Amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Burundi yo mu 1993| yatowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi mu matora ataziguye]] mu [[amateka y’Uburundi]] . Ndadaye yaje ku butegetsi biturutse ku kugwa kwa leta ya gisirikare iyobowe n’amoko mato [[Abatutsi]] mu rwego rw’inzibacyuho ya demokarasi yakozwe na Perezida [[Pierre Buyoya]], mu rwego rwo kubuza igihugu kugira a [[Intambara y'abanyarwanda | Ndadaye yatsinze Buyoya, umukandida w’ishyaka rimwe kugeza icyo gihe [[Ubumwe bw’iterambere ry’igihugu | UPRONA]], mu matora ya [[1 Kamena]] ya [[1993]] nk'umukandida wa [[Front for Democracy in I Burundi | FRODEBU]]. Ndadaye yagerageje gukora politiki ishyize mu gaciro igamije gushaka entente hagati y’amoko yombi. Icyakora, ntabwo yari ishyigikiwe n’imirenge ikaze [[abahutu]], bakomeje ibikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano n’inyeshyamba na nyuma ya guverinoma ishingiye kuri demokarasi, kandi na yo yagombaga guhangana n’abatavuga rumwe n’ingabo z’igihugu, ndetse no muri amaboko y'abatutsi, bakekaga ivugurura ryabo. Nyuma y'amezi atatu gusa Ndadaye yimitswe, ku ya 21 Ukwakira, habaye [[Coup d'etat mu Burundi yo mu 1993 | yagerageje guhirika ubutegetsi]], Nadadye asimburwa na [[François Ngeze]] nk'umuyobozi ya leta '' de facto ''. Kuri uwo munsi, perezida yajyanywe ku biro mu kigo cya gisirikare, aho yiciwe amaraso. <Ref name = coup> {{cite book | iheruka = ​​Krueger | mbere = Robert | iheruka2 = Krueger | ubanza2 = Kathleen Tobin | umutwe = Kuva kumena amaraso kugeza ibyiringiro muburundi: Imyaka ya Ambasade yacu mugihe cya Jenoside | uwatangaje = Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Texas | itariki = 2007 | ahantu = | url = https: //www.sahistory.org. isbn = 9780292714861 | ref = harv | title = Archive copy | accessdate = 2021-08-09 | archive-date = 2021-04-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210415103916/http://www.sahistory.org/ | deadurl = yes }} </ref> Nubwo amaherezo ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryatsinzwe kandi guverinoma ishingiye ku itegekonshinga ikomeza guhagarara, iyicwa rya Ndadaye ryateje ubukana bwa politiki hagati y’amoko yombi, bitangiza [[Intambara y’abaturage Burundi | Intambara y'abenegihugu mu Burundi]], izakomeza kugeza [[2005]]. <Ref name = coup /> 00hnruzkvxex5zywlbs14c2k8tro54o 0 8380 78490 77263 2021-08-25T00:56:19Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] Gasabo n'akarere, ko mu mujyi wa Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Icyicaro gikuru cya Gasabo giherereye mu Murenge wa kimironko. Aka karere kandi karimo uduce twinshi twumujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, Remera, Nyarutarama na Kimihurura. Aka karere niho hubatswe Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300,000 bazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu Rwanda. hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akarere ka Gasabo kandi, ni kamwe m'uturere dutatu (3) tugize [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]. Gasabo igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15) ariyo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>; '''AMWE MU MATEKA''' Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. '''IMITERERE''' [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800 cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 ninzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. Umugezi munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari niwo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Nanone, ikiyaga cya Muhanzi mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro wubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije n’ibidukikije. Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mumwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo, Akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z'Akarere ka Gasabo''' Gasabo iri mu burasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru y'Umujyi wa Kigali kandi ihana imbibi n'akarere ka Kicukiro (Amajyepfo), Nyarugenge (Uburengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo), Rwamagana (Amajyepfo y'Iburasirazuba), Rulindo (Amajyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba) na Gicumbi (Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba). Ubuso bw'akarere ni 429.2 km2 muri bwo igice kinini ni icyaro (84%) mugihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%) Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye na Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imuhanda, Ibitaro, Amazu, Amatorero, Uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, Urwibutso, Amasoko, Stade Amahoro, etc... 1.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200716014338/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=157 Bumbogo] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.Kacyiru 9.Kimironko 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] aidur9emgwc8qb5n1t560jf4kg1k1ca 0 8383 72464 2020-07-16T13:08:42Z Deborahjay 6702 re-create REDIRECT page wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT:[[Akarere ka Gasabo]] qce39y6fqgzw8r70mfr58u98dqowjy8 0 8387 78486 77262 2021-08-25T00:48:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|alt=|thumb|289x289px|Ikarita y'akarere ka Bugesera ]] '''Bugesera''' ni akarere kamwe m'uturere mirongo itatu (30) tugize [[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] . Bugesera iherereye mu I[[ntara y’Iburasirazuba]] ahagana mu majyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba . Akarere ka Bugesera gatuwe n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] bagera kuri 361 914.(ibarura rusange ry'abaturage ryo muri 2012)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-18 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804224703/http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Bugesera igabanyijemo imirenge cumi n'itanu (15). Akarere ka Bugesera ni akarere karimo karatera imbere kuburyo bugaragara, umutekano ugaragara muri kano karere uri muri bimwe bikurura abashoramari kuhashyira ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. Twavuga nk'umushoramari wo muri Leta ya Qatar, wemeye gushora imari mu mushinga wo kubaka ikibuga cy'indege mpuza mpuzamahanga. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|rwanda]] Akarere Ka '''Bugesera''' ni kamwe mu turere 30 tugize igihugu cy'U Rwanda, gaherereye mu ntara y'i Burasirazuba, Umujyi w'Akarere ka Bugesera ni Nyamata. [[File:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District1.jpg|alt=|thumb|Hoteli Palast Rock iherereye Nyamata, mu karere ka Bugesera]] Kubera umutekano urangwa muri kano Karere, inzego zose zirangwamo iterambere rishimishije: Inyubako zigendanye n'igishushanyo mbonera, amashuri meza mu byiciro byose, amavuriro meza,amahoteli yujuje ibisabwa kuburyo abagenderera kano Karere ntacyo bahabura. Ikindi gishimishije muri kano Karere ni iyubwa ry'ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga, kizunganira icyari gisanzwe giherereye mu Ntara y'Umujyi wa Kigali. Aka Karere kubatswemo inzibutso zishyinguwe == Imirenge == Akarere ka Bugesera kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 : [[Gashora]], [[Umurenge wa Juru|Juru]], Kamabuye, Ntarama, Mareba, Mayange, Musenyi, Mwogo, Ngeruka, Nyamata, Nyarugenge, Rilima, Ruhuha, Rweru and Shyara. [[File:Nyabarongo_River_Scene_with_Bugesera_Marshes_-_Outside_Kigali_-_Rwanda_-_01_(7679548058).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabarongo uhereye mu Bugesera mu nyengero za Kigali]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Bugesera| ]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Bugesera]] pnyw1ml7r0rw1n90uw7mizg7l7395bt 0 8388 77694 72536 2021-08-15T09:44:05Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GatsiboMap.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Gatsibo uherereye mu karere ka Gatsibo mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda]] '''Gatsibo''' ni umurenge umwe mu mirenge 15 iherereye mu karere ka Gatsibo kari mu ntara y'iburasirazuba [[Category:Akarere ka Gatsibo]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] rucvm20yrfo4itvlxq3o4cii06kfgt8 0 8389 78500 77265 2021-08-25T01:25:56Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kayonza_district_map.jpg|thumb|ikarita y'akarere ka Kayonza]] [[File:Scène_de_rue_à_Kayonza.jpg|thumb|Kayonza]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] '''Kayonza''' ni akarere kamwe muri turindwi (7) tugize intara y'iburasirazuba ,gafite [[ubuso]] bwa 1,935Km2,Gatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri 344,157 (ibarura rusange ry'abaturage 2012)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kayonza.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-18 |archive-date=2020-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718130100/http://www.kayonza.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Akarere ka Kayonza kazi cyane mu kugira [[ibyanya nyaburanga,]] [[Umusozi|imisozi]], [[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|ibiyaga]], [[amashuri]] menshi, [[ibiranga amateka]]. Kayonza igijwe n'imirenge cumi n'ibiri (12) ariyo: * [[Umurenge wa Gahini]] * [[Umurenge wa Kabare]] * [[Umurenge wa Kabarondo]] * [[Umurenge wa Mukarange]] * [[Umurenge wa Murama]][[File:Toka_Hlongwane_(7).jpg|thumb|abamotari,n'abanyonzi i kayonza ]] * [[Umurenge wa Murundi]] * [[Umurenge wa Mwiri]] * [[Umurenge wa Ndego]] * [[Umurenge wa Nyamirama]] * [[Umurenge wa Rukara]] * [[Umurenge wa Ruramira]] * [[Umurenge wa Rwinkwavu]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Kayonza]] [[Category:Akarere ka Kayonza| ]] [[Category:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] 9auos9f5kiyge1unaxr1v1pku90ftxl 0 8391 82771 76291 2022-05-03T14:20:48Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Akagera ni imwe muri pariki nasiyonali z'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]], Iyi pariki iri ku buso bwa kilometero kare 1222<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Pariki-yIgihugu-yAkagera-iza-ku-isonga-mu-zisurwa-cyane-mu-Rwanda</ref>. Ikora ku [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Akarere ka]] [[Dosiye:Paths_roads_in_Akagera_national_park.jpg|thumb|Imihanda muri pariki y'akagera]] [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]], [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] na [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] mu burasirazuba bw’u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Ni imwe muri pariki 3 z'igihugu zisurwa cyane na ba mukerarugendo benshi, ikaba ari na yo nini mu [[Rwanda]]. Pariki y'akagera iri hafi nigihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] n'uruzi rw'Akagera. Pariki y’Akagera igizwe n’ibiyaga byinshi harimo n'ikiyaga cy'Ihema cyakuye izina ku Babiligi bahashinze amahema ubwo bashakishaga isoko ya [[Nili|Nil.]] Inyamaswa muri pariki y'akagera ugenda uzisanga ahantu bitewe n’impamvu eshatu arizo aho inyamaswa ibonera umutekano,, aho ikura ibyo kurya n’aho yabonera ubuhehere ndetse n'amazi. Abasura pariki y’Akagera bavuga ko banezezwa n'ubwoko bw'inyamaswa buyibarizwamo cyane inyamaswa eshanu (5) nini z'inkazi  arizo: Inkura, [[Intare]], Imbogo, [[Inzovu]] n'Ingwe.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki-n-amashyamba/article/sura-pariki-y-akagera-umenye-ibitangaje-ku-nkura-isatura-inzovu-mutware-n</ref> [[File:Elephant in the wild.jpg|thumb|Inzovu ya mbere nini muri pariki y'akagera]] Akagera gatuwe n'amoko y'[[Inyoni zo mu Rwanda|inyoni]] agera kuri 490<ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/akagera-national-park/</ref>. Parike y'Akagera igizwe kandi n'ibiti by'iminyinya ndetse n'andi moko menshi y'ibiti.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Pariki-yIgihugu-yAkagera-iza-ku-isonga-mu-zisurwa-cyane-mu-Rwanda</ref> == '''<big>Amateka</big>''' == Parike ya Akagera yemejwe nka pariki mu 1934 na guverinoma y'Ububiligi, igihe yigaruriraga u [[Rwanda]]. Parike yari ifite ibiro metero 2,500 mu bunini kandi yari izwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Pariki y'Akagera yahoze izwiho kugira imbwa nyinshi zo mu gasozi zo muri [[Afurika]] arizo African wild dogs na parc aux lycaons, <ref>http://www.apncb.be/archives/publications/fol63694/1962-contribution-la-connaissance-des-lycaons-au-parc-national-de-la-kagera</ref> ku buryo leta y'Ububiligi yabonaga ko ari udukoko tuzarya abantu. Haje gutera icyorezo cy'indwara cyirazigabanya kandi imbwa za nyuma zo mu gasozi zagaragaye mu 1984. Mu 1957, Inkura z'umukara zakuwe muri Tanzaniya, mu myaka ya za 70, inkura zakomeje kwiyongera kuburyo mu 1970 zari zimaze kurenga 50 zabaga muri savannah, igice gishyushye cyane cya pariki. Kubera guhiga bukware izi nkwavu zahigwaga n'abarushimusi zaragabanutse cyane mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, kandi ziheruka kugaragara bwanyuma muri 2007. Mu 1986 bashyizemo Masai giraffes zivuye muri Kenya. Umubare wazo wiyongereye kugera aho zirenga 80 mu myaka yashize. Ahagana mu 1990, Akagera kari kazwiho kuba gafite intare hagati ya 250 na 300. Mu myaka yakurikiye [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] yo mu Rwanda, abaturage benshi bahunze n'abahinzi basubiye mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma y'intambara maze batura muri parike.<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibidukikije/item/584-pariki-z-u-rwanda</ref> == '''Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda''' == [[Dosiye:RDB logo.jpg|thumb]] Mu 2009, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu [[Rwanda]] (RDB) hamwe n’umuyoboro wa parike nyafurika(African Parks Network) muri [[Afurika]] bagiranye amasezerano y’imyaka 20 ashobora kongerwa ku buyobozi bukuru bushinzwe pariki y'Akagera. Isosiyete icunga Akagera yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 nk'urwego rushinzwe imiyoborere ya Parike y'Akagera. Mu myaka 5 yakurikiyeho miliyoni 10 z'amadorali yakoreshejwe mu gace ka parike y'igihugu, ku nkunga y'amafaranga yatanzwe na Howard Buffett Foundation. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukongera umutekano wa parike y’igihugu no kongera kugarura amoko y'inyamswa yazimye. Ingamba z’umutekano zafashwe zirimo: kubaka uruzitiro rw’iburengerazuba rufite ibiro metero 120, kohereza kajugujugu yo kugenzura ikirere, amahugurwa y’itsinda ry’inzobere mu gukurikirana no kurinda inkwavu n’ishami rishinzwe kurwanya inyamanswa zangiza izindi. == '''Intare''' == [[File:A lion and a lioness in Akagera National Park.jpg|thumb|Intare y'ingore,n'ingabo muri pariki y'akagera]] Muri Nyakanga 2015, [[intare]] zirindwi zo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] zamenyekanye kandi zizanywa muri parike, ziba intare za mbere mu [[Rwanda]] mu myaka cumi n'itanu yakurikiyeho (15). ''Kandi umuryango Beyond'' yatanze intare eshanu zo muri phina private game. na Tembe inzovu za kwa zulu nathal batanze intare ebyiri zingabo. Izi nyamaswa zose zasobanuwe na Parike nyafurika ko ari "ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije haba muri parike ndetse n’igihugu" mu rwego rw’umushinga ugamije guhindura ibinyabu buzima muri Parike ya Akagera. Kuva mu 2015, umubare w'intare wiyongereye kugera ku nyamaswa zigera kuri 40 kandi ukomeza kwiyongera. == '''Imvubu''' == Muri Gicurasi 2017, igikorwa cyahurijwe hamwe n’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda na Parike nyafurika cyongeye kugarura imvubu cumi n'umunani(18) zo mu burengerazuba ziva muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]], zari zimaze imyaka 10 zidahari. No kugarurwa kwinkura zabuze ndetse n'intare, pariki y'igihugu ubu ni urugo rw'inyamaswa "eshanu nini zo muri Africa ": Intare, Ingwe, Inzovu, Rhinoceros (Inkura), n'imbogo [[Inyamanswa nyafurika|.]] [[File:Buffaloes in Akagera National park.jpg|thumb|Imvubu zo muri pariki y'Akagera]] Muri Kamena 2019, Akagera yakiriye izindi Inkura eshanu (5) z'umukara zo mu burasirazuba ziva muri pariki 3 zitandukanye mu bihugu 3 bitandukanye biherereye mu Burayi. Muri pariki harimo inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa Dvur Kralove zo muri Repubulika ya Tchèque, Flamingo Land yo mu Bwongereza na Ree Park Safari yo muri Danimarike. Uku kwimuka nubwa mbere byari bibayeho mu bwoko bwazo, ubuhahirane no kugurizanya hagati y'uburayi na [[Afurika]] ntago byari byigeze bibaho mbere. izo Inkura zose haje ingabo ebyiri ndetse n'ingore ebyiri byagezagejejwe mu [[Rwanda]] neza muri parike nyuma yurugendo rw'amasaha 30. Izi nyamaswa zikomoka ku nkura zakuwe muri [[Afurika]] mu gihe cyabakoloni. Umubare munini wiyongereye kuva mu 2010, uva ku nyamaswa 4000 mu 2010 ugera ku 13.500 mu 2018. <ref>https://www.africanparks.org/big-cat-sighting</ref> == '''<big>Ubukerarugendo</big>''' == Kuva Parike nyafurika yatangira gucunga parike y'Akagera ku bufatanye n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] (RDB) mu 2010, ubukerarugendo bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara. Mu mwaka wa 2010, abantu 8000 basuye parike. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera ku 44.000 muri 2018. <ref>https://www.africanparks.org/sites/default/files/uploads/resources/2019-07/AFRICAN%20PARKS%20-%202018%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Digital%20-%20English%20-%20Final%20V3.pdf</ref> Uku kwiyongera kwatumye parike y'Akagera pariki yibeshaho kuri 80% bityo ntishingire kubaterankunga. <ref>https://www.africanparks.org/sites/default/files/uploads/resources/2019-07/AFRICAN%20PARKS%20-%202018%20Annual%20Report%20-%20Digital%20-%20English%20-%20Final%20V3.pdf</ref> == '''Imiyoboro''' == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Category:Pariki Nasiyonali|Akagera]] 42qpze04xb1za1ym4zwhrbpslp0b58t 0 8393 72647 2020-07-27T08:50:58Z Deborahjay 6702 Deborahjay moved page [[Hitler]] to [[Adolf Hitler]]: full name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adolf Hitler]] 39405rswoziitnasz4t2sgum5gcn3bo 0 8394 76075 74137 2021-07-17T19:37:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Uru ni urutonde rw'abantu b'ibyamamare mu [[Rwanda]]. ==Abasirikale== * [[Théoneste Bagosora]] (b. 1941), military officer convicted in 2008 of genocide<ref>{{Citation | last = Nyakairu | first = Frank | title = Rwanda's Bagosora Sentenced To Life For Genocide | work = [[Reuters]] | date = 18 December 2008 | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLI8785620081218?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews | accessdate =20 June 2010}}</ref> * [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]] <small>([[:en:Bernard Ntuyahaga|en]])</small> * [[Kayumba Nyamwasa]], former army chief of staff and head of Intelligence <small>([[:en:Kayumba Nyamwasa|en]])</small> [[Dosiye:Kayumba_Nyamwasa.jpg|thumb|123x123px|Kayumba Nyamwasa]] * [[James Kabarebe]], current minister of defense * [[Patrick Nyamvumba]], current RDF chief of staff <small>([[:en:Patrick Nyamvumba|en]])</small> [[Dosiye:Patrick_Nyamvumba.jpg|thumb|107x107px|Patrick Nyamvumba]] * [[Augustin Bizimungu]] <small>([[:en:Augustin Bizimungu|en]])</small> * [[Innocent Sagahutu]] <small>([[:en:Innocent Sagahutu|en]])</small> == Abanyapolitiki == * [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] (1953-1994) * [[Jean-Paul Akayesu]] (b. 1953), politician convicted in 1998 of genocide<ref>{{Citation | title = Tribunal convicts Rwandan genocide suspect | newspaper = [[BBC News]] | publisher = [[BBC]] | date = 2 September 1998 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/162899.stm | accessdate =20 June 2010}}</ref> <small>([[:en:Jean-Paul Akayesu|en]])</small> * [[Jean Bosco Barayagwiza]] <small>([[:en:Jean Bosco Barayagwiza|en]])</small> * [[Christophe Bazivamo]], Minister of Land and Environment <small>([[:en:Christophe Bazivamo|en]])</small> * [[Augustin Bizimana]] (b. 1954), politician, fugitive of the [[International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]]<ref>{{Citation | last = Nieuwoudt | first = Stephanie | title = UN Tribunal's Most Wanted Remains Elusive | work = [[Inter Press Service]] | date = 21 April 2010 | url = http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=39868 | accessdate = 20 June 2010 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611010530/http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=39868 | archivedate = 11 June 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> <small>([[:en:Augustin Bizimana|en]])</small> * [[Jean-Damascène Bizimana]], former Rwandan ambassador to the UN <small>([[:en:Jean-Damascène Bizimana|en]])</small> * [[Augustin Bizimungu]] (b. 1952), politician on trial for genocide <small>([[:en:Augustin Bizimungu|en]])</small> * [[Pasteur Bizimungu]], former President of Rwanda * [[Anastase Gasana]], diplomat <small>([[:en:Christophe Bazivamo|en]])</small> * [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] (1937 –1994), former President of Rwanda * [[Jean Marie Higiro]], former Director of the Rwandan Information Office <small>([[:en:Jean Marie Higiro|en]])</small> * [[Paul Kagame]], President of Rwanda * [[Jean Kambanda]] (b. 1955), former Prime Minister; pleaded guilty in 1998 to genocide<ref>{{Citation | last = Bond | first = Catherine | last2 = [[Reuters]] | title = Former Rwanda leader pleads guilty to genocide | work = [[CNN]] | publisher = [[Turner Broadcasting System]] | date = 1 May 1998 | url = http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9805/01/rwanda.kambanda/index.html | accessdate =20 June 2010}}</ref> * [[Judith Kanakuze]] (1959–2010), politician and women's rights activist <small>([[:en:Judith Kanakuze|en]])</small> * [[Janvier Kanyamashuli]], ambassador to Burundi <small>([[:en:Janvier Kanyamashuli|en]])</small> * [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] (1924 –1976), former President of Rwanda * [[Bernard Makuza]], Prime Minister of Rwanda * [[Dominique Mbonyumutwa]], former provisional President of Rwanda * [[Charles Munyaneza]] (b. 1958), genocide suspect <small>([[:en:Charles Munyaneza|en]])</small> * [[Ignace Murwanashyaka]] (b. 1963), leader of the [[Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda]] <small>([[:en:Ignace Murwanashyaka|en]])</small> * [[Landoald Ndasingwa]] (??? –1994) , former leader of Parti libéral du Rwanda * [[André Ntagerura]] <small>([[:en:André Ntagerura|en]])</small> * [[Jean de Dieu Ntiruhungwa]], former Minister of the Interior <small>([[:en:Jean de Dieu Ntiruhungwa|en]])</small> * [[Seth Sendashonga]], former Minister of the Interior <small>([[:en:Seth Sendashonga|en]])</small> * [[André Kagwa Rwisereka]] (1949–2010), opposition politician murdered during the 2010 election <small>([[:en:André Kagwa Rwisereka|en]])</small> * [[Théodore Sindikubwabo]], (1928 –1998) former President of the National Development Council <small>([[:en:Théodore Sindikubwabo|en]])</small> * [[Pascal Simbikangwa]], former Chief of Intelligence, found guilty of complicity in genocide and complicity in crimes against humanity <small>([[:en:Pascal Simbikangwa|en]])</small> * [[Faustin Twagiramungu]], former Prime Minister of Rwanda <small>([[:en:Faustin Twagiramungu|en]])</small> * [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]], former Prime Minister of Rwanda <small>([[:en:Agathe Uwilingiyimana|en]])</small> * [[Protais Zigiranyirazo]] <small>([[:en:Protais Zigiranyirazo|en]])</small> * [[Juvénal Uwilingiyimana]] (1951 –2005) <small>([[:en:Juvénal Uwilingiyimana|en]])</small> ==Abanyamadini== * [[Elizaphan Ntakirutimana]] (1924–2007), Seventh-day Adventist pastor <small>([[:en:Elizaphan Ntakirutimana|en]])</small> * [[Athanase Seromba]] (b. 1963), priest <small>([[:en:Athanase Seromba|en]])</small> * [[Laurien Ntezimana]] (b. 1955), theologian and peace activist <small>([[:en:Laurien Ntezimana|en]])</small> * [[Paul Gitwaza]] (b.1971), preacher and televangelist <small>([[:en:Paul Gitwaza|en]])</small> [[Dosiye:Paul_Gitwaza.jpg|thumb|98x98px|Paul Gitwaza]] ==Abakinnyi b'imikino ngororamubiri== * [[Dieudonné Disi]] (b. 1980), long-distance and cross-country runner <small>([[:en:Dieudonné Disi|en]])</small> * [[Adrien Niyonshuti]] (b. 1987), cyclist <small>([[:en:Adrien Niyonshuti|en]])</small> [[Dosiye:Adrien_Niyonshuti_La_Bresse_2012.jpg|thumb|101x101px|Adrien Niyonshuti La Bresse 2012]] * [[Mathias Ntawulikura]] (b. 1964), long-distance runner <small>([[:en:Mathias Ntawulikura|en]])</small> == Miscellaneous == * [[Simon Bikindi]] (1954–2018), singer-songwriter convicted in 2008 of inciting violence during the 1994 genocide<ref>{{Citation | title = Singer Urged Rwandans To Genocide | work = BBC News | publisher = BBC | date = 2 December 2008 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7760456.stm | accessdate =20 June 2010}}</ref> <small>([[:en:Simon Bikindi|en]])</small> * [[Agathe Habyarimana]], widow of former President Juvénal Habyarimana <small>([[:en:Agathe Habyarimana|en]])</small> * [[Charles Ingabire]], journalist and government critic, murdered in 2011 <small>([[:en:Charles Ingabire|en]])</small> * [[Félicien Kabuga]] (b. 1933), businessman <small>([[:en:Félicien Kabuga|en]])</small> * [[Enos Kagaba]] (b. 1954), accused of genocide <small>([[:en:Enos Kagaba|en]])</small> * [[Joseph Kavaruganda]], former president of Rwanda's Constitutional Court <small>([[:en:Joseph Kavaruganda|en]])</small> * [[Léon Mugesera]], university lecturer accused of inciting genocide<ref>{{Citation | title = France's Involvement During the Genocide | work = [[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] | publisher = [[AllAfrica.com]] | date = 8 August 2008 | url = http://allafrica.com/stories/200808090178.html | accessdate =21 June 2010}}</ref> <small>([[:en:Léon Mugesera|en]])</small> * [[Ferdinand Nahimana]], historian <small>([[:en:Ferdinand Nahimana|en]])</small> * [[Samuel Ndashyikirwa]], businessman <small>([[:en:Samuel Ndashyikirwa|en]])</small> * [[Hassan Ngeze]] (b. 1962), journalist <small>([[:en:Hassan Ngeze|en]])</small> * [[Étienne Nzabonimana]] (b. 1950), businessman <small>([[:en:Étienne Nzabonimana|en]])</small> * [[Sonia Rolland]], former Miss France <small>([[:en:Sonia Rolland|en]])</small> * [[Queen Rosalie Gicanda]],(1928 –1994) wife of King Mutara III of Rwanda <small>([[:en:Queen Rosalie Gicanda|en]])</small> * [[Jean-Léonard Rugambage]], reporter and government critic, murdered in 2010 <small>([[:en:Jean-Léonard Rugambage|en]])</small> * [[Paul Rusesabagina]] (b. 1954), hotel manager known for saving refugees in the 1994 genocide <small>([[:en:Paul Rusesabagina|en]])</small> * [[Benjamin Sehene]] (b. 1959), author <small>([[:en:Benjamin Sehene|en]])</small> ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} {{Rwanda topics}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2011}} {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rwandans}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda| ]] kvhy2909uvt3k74o5v94vaok8lpifj1 14 8395 72680 72678 2020-07-28T13:54:16Z Deborahjay 6702 sort to display at top of higher-level category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu| ]] avaw0yjn712bfc687chhv5i61nmou3x 14 8396 72681 72679 2020-07-28T13:54:43Z Deborahjay 6702 sort to display at top of higher-level category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Umuntu| ]] avaw0yjn712bfc687chhv5i61nmou3x 0 8398 81352 81351 2022-01-17T12:03:48Z Dedios Nsabimana 10237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwamagana_district_Map.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'Akarere ka Rwamagana ]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Rwamagana''' ni akarere kamwe mu tugize uturere mirongo tatu (30) tugize igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]], ndetse ni kamwe mu turere 7 tugize Intara y’Iburasirazuba, akaba ari na ko karimo icyicaro cy’Intara. Akarere ka Rwamagana igizwe n’icyari Akarere ka [[Muhazi]], icyari Akarere ka Bicumbi, imirenge 2 yari iya Gasabo (Fumbwe na Mununu) n’imirenge 3 yari iya Kabarondo (Kaduha, Rweru na Nkungu) hiyongereyeho icyari Umujyi wa Rwamagana. Akarere ka Rwamagana kagizwe n’imirenge 14, utugari 82 n’imidugudu 474, ingo 74175. Gafite ubuso bungana na 682 km2 n’abaturage 313,461, bari ku bucucike bwa 460/Km2 == Ibimera ==[[File:Rwamagana Banaba Monument.jpg|thumb|Ikibumbano cy'igitoki kigaragaza ko i RWamagana hera ibitoki cyane.]] Mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Huye|Rwamagana]] hazwiho ubutaka bwera ariko hazwi cyane cyane kwera ibitoki [[File:Sign_of_rwamagana.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cya Rwamagana]] [[File:Muhazi_Lake.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya MuIkarihazi]] [[File:RwamaganaMap.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'Intara y'Iburasirazuba igaragaza Rwamagana mu ibara ry'icyatsi]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] dy6habw2xxv1easb2udarjfkijewo4y 0 8400 80929 80614 2021-11-29T22:31:15Z Mrbobax 8233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Mushikiwabo''' (wavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961) ni umunyamabanga wa kane akaba n'umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga de la Francophonie . Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mu [[Rwanda]] kuva 2009 kugeza 2018. Yabaye kandi Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma. Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. [[Dosiye:Louise_Mushikiwabo.jpg|thumb|Louise Mushikiwabo]] Ku ya 12 Ukwakira 2018, yatorewe manda y'imyaka ine ku mwanya w’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga wabavuga ururimi rw'igifaransa (OIF) mu nama ya Francophonie yabereye i [[Yerevan]], muri [[Arumeniya]] . [[File:MSC_2014_Ischinger-Mushikiwabo_Zwez_MSC2014.jpg|thumb|MSC 2014 Ischinger-Mushikiwabo Zwez MSC2014]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Louise Mushikiwabo yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961 i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Se yari Bitsindinkumi, Bitsindinkumi yakoraga ubuhinzi, Nyina yari Nyiratulira, mubyara wa Alexis Kagame umufilozofe mu by'amateka. [6] Yabayeho mu bwana bwe i Kigali. Umuhererezi mu bana icyenda, barumuna be barimo [[Landoald Ndasingwa|Lando Ndasingwa]], wabaye umucuruzi akaba n'umunyapolitiki uzwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yo kwicwa mu 1994 mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakore Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994]] , na Anne-Marie Kantengwa, wigaruriye hoteri ya Lando (Chez Lando) nyuma y'urupfu rwe kandi akora mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] kuva 2003 kugeza 2008. [[Dosiye:Louise Mushikiwabo, 2008 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mushikiwabo Louise]] Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye i Kigali, Mushikiwabo yagiye kwiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (ubu ni [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] ), mu mujyi wa [[Butare|Huye]] mu majyepfo, mu 1981. Yarangije kaminuza mu 1984, afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu cyongereza, hanyuma akora muri make nk'umwarimu w'amashuri yisumbuye. Mu 1986, yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] yerekeza [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]], naho yatangiye kwiga impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu ndimi no gusobanura muri kaminuza ya Delaware, naho [[igifaransa]] kikaba ururimi rwe rwihariye. Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye mu 1988, yagumye muri Amerika, atura mu gace ka Washington, DC . Yatangiye umwuga akora mu mashyirahamwe aharanira inyungu, mbere yo gufata umwanya [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|muri Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (ADB); mu rwego rwo kugira uruhare muri ADB yabaye muri Tuniziya igihe gito, amaherezo aba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri banki. Mu 2006, Mushikiwabo yanditse igitabo, "''Rwanda bivuga Universe",'' yafatanije na Jack Kramer, umunyamakuru Amerika na KALIMANZIRA Marine . Igitabo kirimo igice cyandika ku buzima, gisobanura amateka y’umuryango wa Mushikiwabo, ubuzima bwe bwa mbere mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse n’ubunararibonye bwe amaze kwimukira muri Amerika. Irasobanura kandi [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko ryo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu buryo burambuye, uhereye ku mateka ndetse no ku bitekerezo bya Mushiwabo uba i Washington, kuko yakiriye amakuru avuga ko benshi mu bagize umuryango we bishwe. == Umwuga wa politiki == Muri Werurwe 2008, Mushikiwabo yatumiwe na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]] gusubira mu gihugu cye cy'u [[Rwanda]] no gufata umwanya muri guverinoma ye. Yahawe umwanya wa Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru, asimbuye Laurent Nkusi . Mu ntangiriro za manda ye, Mushikiwabo yari ashinzwe gufata icyemezo cyo gufata ingamba zo kurwanya amashyirahamwe menshi y’itangazamakuru ryaho yari afite inkuru zisebanya kuri Kagame. Ikinyamakuru kimwe, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] -ururimi rwa buri munsi ''Umuco'', cyari cyasohoye inkuru igereranya perezida na [[Adolf Hitler]], kandi Inama Nkuru y'Itangazamakuru (HCP) yasabye guverinoma guhagarika uruhushya rw’iki kinyamakuru. Nkusi yari yaranze iki cyifuzo, kandi mu gihe Mushikiwabo atigeze ahagarika ku mugaragaro impapuro, nyamara yahagaritse gucapa mu Kwakira 2008. Muri rusange Mushikiwabo yashishikarije bagenzi be gushyigikira ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, ariko kandi ashimangira ko itangazamakuru ryubahiriza amategeko akomeye y'u [[Rwanda]] yerekeye guhakana [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa 2009, yatanze itegeko ry’agateganyo kuri radiyo ya Kinyarwanda yatangajwe na British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), kubera ko yavugaga ko ryerekanaga ibiganiro "biha uburenganzira bwa jenoside n’abahakana jenoside"; BBC yahakanye iki kirego, ivuga ko na guverinoma bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye kuri jenoside. Usibye kuba ashinzwe gufata ibyemezo bya minisiteri, Mushikiwabo yanasohoje inshingano z'umuvugizi wa guverinoma mu gihe yari Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. Urugero, igihe u Rwanda rwagiranye ibibazo na dipolomasi [[Ubudage|n'Ubudage]] nyuma y’ifatwa ry'umuyobozi mukuru wa protocole ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], Rose Kabuye, Mushikiwabo yaganiriye n'ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga kugira ngo asobanure neza uko leta y'u Rwanda ihagaze. Yakoresheje ubuhanga bwe bw'indimi, abasha gutanga ibisobanuro mu ndimi zose zemewe z'u [[Rwanda]], Kinyarwanda, Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. == Ibindi bikorwa == * Inama y’umutekano ya Munich, umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama <ref>[https://www.securityconference.de/en/about/advisory-council/ Advisory Council] [[Munich Security Conference]].</ref> * Ba Nyampinga Mpuzamahanga (IGC), Umunyamuryango <ref>[https://genderchampions.com/champions Members] [[International Gender Champions]] (IGC).</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga muri 2017 * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga bariho ubu * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} === Imirimo yatanzwe === * Mushikiwabo, Louise; Kramer, Jack (2007). Rwanda Means the Universe: A Native's Memoir of Blood and Bloodlines. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9781429907316.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) == Ihuza ryo hanze == * rwa{{Commons category-inline}} [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] 8q1vgqquiq9ceq15ac355mia3xl1ljf 0 8401 77201 76362 2021-08-09T05:29:28Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyabarongo_bridge_photo.JPG|thumb| Ikiraro cya Nyabarongo ]] [[Dosiye:Session_4-_Eugene_Dusingizumuremyi_(MININFRA,_Rwanda)_(5954418779).jpg|thumb|Eugene Dusingizumuremyi Umukozi wa Minisiteri y'ibikorwa remezo (MININFRA, Rwanda)]] '''Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo''' ( '''MININFRA''' ; Kinyarwanda ; French ) ni ishami rya [[Dosiye:Ikiraro.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro]] Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] . Minisiteri ishinzwe politiki y'ibikorwa remezo n'iterambere mu gihugu hose. Claver Gatete ni Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri guverinoma ya Rwanda. Mbere yibyo, yakoreye Guverinoma ye mu nzego zitandukanye; Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi mu bukungu (2013-2018); Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u [[Rwanda]] (2011-2013) na Komiseri Mukuru mu Bwongereza, Irilande na Isilande, (2005 - 2009). == Amateka == Minisiteri iyobowe na ''Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo'' . Kuva imaze gushyirwaho, Abaminisitiri bashyizweho ni: [[Category:Public works ministries|Rwanda]] [[Category:Government ministries of Rwanda|Infrastructure]] l9v9ey7wb4o1t388zeizz9rng06voda 14 8402 72720 2020-08-01T07:41:05Z Mrbobax 8233 Created page with "Imirimo ya leta" wikitext text/x-wiki Imirimo ya leta loas3apvdpjfihi4u3l8w1aboqdwzqv 14 8403 72721 2020-08-01T07:41:39Z Mrbobax 8233 Created page with "Minisiteri za leta y'u Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki Minisiteri za leta y'u Rwanda isdme7bif9f1oeymgeekjadtutno3h0 0 8404 72724 2020-08-01T07:45:31Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda)]] to [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA]]: Abbreviation of the ministry wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA]] 9ea6divmrbgw0lc1wfmrz6obwbxdkpi 0 8406 78492 72732 2021-08-25T00:59:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GicumbiDist.png|thumb|ikarita y'akarere ka Gicumbi]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] '''Gicumbi''' ni akarere kamwe muri dutanu (5) tubarizwa mu ntara y'Amajyaruguru .Gicumbi ihereye mub'Uburasirazuba bw'iyi ntara . Mu majyaruguru gahana imbibi n'[[akarere ka Burera]] ndetse n'igihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] ,Iburasirazuba hari uturere yubiri aritwo ; [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] ndetse na [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]]. Mu majyepfo yak'akarere hari akarere ka Gasabo ndetse n'agace gato ka [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] ku nkengero z'[[ikiyaga cya Muhazi]] . Iburengerazuba gahana urubibi n’[[Akarere ka Rulindo]].<ref>http://197.243.22.137/gicumbi7/index.php?id=104</ref> == Ubuso == Akarere ka Gicumbi kahuje uturere twahozeho mbere ya “reforme administrative” ya 2006 twa Rebero, Rushaki, Bungwe, Kisaro n'umujyi wa [[Byumba]] . Akarere ka Gicumbi gafite ubuso bungana na km2 829 burimo Umujyi wa Gicumbi ugizwe na 90,5 km² (imirenge ya Byumba, Kageyo n’Utugari 2 aritwo mu Murenge wa [[Rukomo]] (twa Cyuru na Kinyami). Akarere ka Gicumbi kagabanyijemo Imirenge 21, Utugari 109 n’imidugudu 630.<ref>http://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/document/Akarere_ka_Gicumbi_Inyandiko_mpine__update_of_end_March_2020_.pdf</ref> [[File:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|Igishanga kimwe mubiri i Gicumbi]] <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] dwq5zgpxsm2s5krr6e2j0gaf1t3sgj0 0 8407 78503 72734 2021-08-25T01:31:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KicukiroDist.png|alt=|thumb|332x332px|ikarita y'akarere ka kicukiro]] '''Kicukiro''' ni Akarere kamwe mu Turere dutatu (3) tugize [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali.]] Gaherereye mu burasirazuba bw’amajyepfo by’Umujyi wa Kigali. Icyicaro cy’Akarere kiri mu [[Kagarama,|Murenge wa Kagarama,]] mu Kagari ka [[Rukatsa]] n’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa. Akarere ka Kicukiro gahana imbibi n’uturere tune aritwo ; [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]: mu Majyepfo   [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Akarere ka Gasabo:]] mu Majyaruguru [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Akarere ka Rwamagana:]] mu burasirazuba [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]: mu burengerazuba == Imirenge icumi (10) igize akarere ka Kicukiro; == [[File:Mass_Graves_with_Monument_Listing_Names_of_Victims_-_Nyanza_Genocide_Memorial_Site_-_Kicukiro_District_-_Kigali_-_Rwanda.jpg|alt=|thumb|175x175px|u Rwibutso rw'inzirakarengane za Genocide yakoreye Abatutsi muri Genocide ruherereye i Nyanza muri Kicukiro]] .[[Gahanga]] .[[Gatenga]] .[[Gikondo]] .[[Kanombe]] .[[Kagarama]] .[[Niboye]] .[[Kigarama]] .[[Kicukiro]] .[[Masaka]] .[[Nyarugunga]] [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan_community_work".jpg|link=File:Umuganda%22Rwandan_community_work%22.jpg|thumb|Perezida Kagame m'Umuganda wabereye muri Kicukiro 2016]] 0kvfgrmrx7oq3bx304omi5r8kehv8mi 0 8408 78519 76244 2021-08-25T02:24:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] Akarere ka Nyarugenge, [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE_GEREZA_YA_NYARUGENGE_1930_01.jpg|thumb|IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01]] [[Dosiye:NyarugengeDist.png|thumb|NyarugengeDist]] '''Nyarugenge''' ni [[Uturere tw’u Rwanda|Akarere]] kari mu [[Kigali|Ntara y'umujyi wa Kigali]], [[Rwanda]] . Umutima wayo ni umujyi rwagati wa [[Kigali]] (ugana iburengerazuba bwumujyi nintara), kandi urimo ubucuruzi bwinshi bwumujyi. == Imirenge == Akarere ka Nyarugenge kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 10 ( ''imirenge'' ): Gitega, Kanyinya, Kigali, Kimisagara, Mageragere, Muhima, Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Nyarugenge na Rwezamenyo. == Uburezi == ''Lycée de Kigali'' (LDK) iri mu Kagari ka Kiyovu, Umurenge wa Nyarugenge, Akarere ka Nyarugenge. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze ==[[File:NYARUGENGE PRISON 1930.jpg|thumb|NYARUGENGE PRISON 1930]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152931/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/events/Inzego.doc Inzego.doc] &#x2014; Intara, Uturere [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152931/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/events/Inzego.doc nUmurenge] amakuru ya ''MINALOC'', minisiteri yu Rwanda yubutegetsi bwibanze. [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Umujyi wa Kigali]] 7pw1df15fqa0y1yfc3hciu9c926c5ck 0 8409 78509 77268 2021-08-25T01:45:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:MusanzeDist.png|thumb|Musanze]] '''Musanze''' ni kamwe mu turere dutanu(5) tugize Intara y’Amajyaruguru kashyijweho n’Itegeko Nᵒ 29/2005 ryo kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2005 rishyiraho kandi rigenga Inzego z’Imitegekere y’Igihugu. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] Akarere ka Musanze gakomoka ku cyahoze ari Umujyi wa [[Ruhengeri]], Akarere ka Mutobo, Akarere ka Kinigi, Imirenge 14 y’icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bugarura n’Imirenge 3 y’icyahoze ari Akarere ka Bukamba. Akarere ka Musanze gafite imbibi zikurikira : * Amajyaruguru : [[Ubugande]] na demokarasi ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|kongo]] * Amajyepfo : [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] * Iburasirazuba : [[Akarere ka Burera]].[[File:Landscape_Kinigi_Musanze.jpg|thumb|mu Kinigi Musanze]] * Iburengerazuba : [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]]. == Akarere ka Musanze kagizwe == * Imirenge 15, * Utugali 68,[[File:This_photograph_is_located_in_Rwanda_Musanze_District.png|thumb|i musanze]] * Imidugudu 432.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-01 |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206133224/http://musanze.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 6ctjqdvggvsscl32fgyby5t6zrgjm3k 0 8411 78516 77271 2021-08-25T02:19:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyamagabeDist.png|thumb|Ikarita ya Nyamagabe]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] '''Nyamagabe''' ni Akarere gaherereye mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-03 |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712200936/http://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nyamagabe-akarere-kahagaritse-kwakira-abaturage-bazanye-ibibazo</ref>. Nyamagabe iri hagati y'uturere twa [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] na [[Rusizi]] mu majyepfo y'Uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Igizwe kandi n'igice kinini cya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|parike ya Nyungwe]] ituwe n'inyamanswa ndetse n'inyoni z'amoko anyuranye. Ibiro by'Akarere ka Nyamagabe biherereye mu murenge ''wa [[Gasaka]].'' Akarere ka Nyamagabe kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'irindwi 17 ariyo: .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Buruhukiro]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Cyanika]] [[File:RW_Nyamagabe_(Gikongoro)_(2).jpg|thumb|[[File:Scenery_across_Valley_from_Murambi_Genocide_Memorial_Site_-_Outside_Gikongoro_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ikibaya i Murambi Genocide Memorial Site -]]Nyamagabe ]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Gatare]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Kaduha]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Kamegeli]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Kibirizi]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Kibumbwe]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Kitabi]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Mbazi]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Mugano]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Musange]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Musebeya]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Mushubi]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Nkomane]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Gasaka]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Tare]] .[[BuruhukiroCyanikaGatare Kaduha KamegeliKibiriziKibumbweKitabiMbaziMuganoMusangeMusebeya MushubiNkomaneGasakaTare Uwinkingi.|Uwinkingi.]] <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'amajyepfo]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] d6ibjh3gnrmhl53bhdzdwi902iqvvhr 0 8412 77272 72756 2021-08-09T19:56:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyaruguruDist.png|thumb|441x441px|ikarita y'akarere ka Nyaruguru]] '''Nyaruguru ni akarere kamwe m'uturere tugize in'''tara y'Amajyepfo, gafite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare (Km2)1010<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/index.php?id=39 |accessdate=2020-08-03 |archive-date=2020-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629035029/https://nyaruguru.gov.rw/index.php?id=39 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/nyaruguru-abandi-bakozi-bane-b-akarere-bafunzwe</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gahunda-ndiho-ku-bwawe-yabigishije-ubuvandimwe-inabakura-mu-bwigunge</ref>. Nyaruguru izwiho cyane [[Our lady of kibeho|Kibeho]] nk'ubutaka [[butagatifu]], ubuhinzi bw'[[Icyayi]], [[Ikawa|Ikawa,]] [[Ingano|Ingano,]] [[Ikirayi|Ibirayi]]. <ref>https://www.kibeho-cana.org/a-brief-history-of-the-apparitions-of-our-lady-of-kibeho/</ref> [[File:Improvised_transport_operator_Kibeho.jpg|thumb|umwana utuye m'umurenge wa Kibeho]] Nyaruguru igizwe n'imirenge cumi n'Ine (14) ariyo: * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Busanze]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Cyahinda]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Kibeho]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Kivu]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Mata]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Muganza]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Munini]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Ngera]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Ngoma]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Nyabimata]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Nyagisozi]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Ruheru]][[File:A_Forest_located_at_Nyaruguru_district,_with_a_path_where_passangers_used_to_pass_through.jpg|thumb|ishyamba rihereye muri Nyaruguru ]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Ruramba]] * [[BusanzeCyahindaKibehoKivuMataMuganzaMuniniNgeraNgomaNyabimataNyagisoziRuheruRurambaRusenge.|Rusenge.]]   == '''Imiyoboro''' == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] 0jlpr0qef1p1cqvaqtoa7y1fmoq09ez 0 8413 78512 77269 2021-08-25T02:13:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NgororeroDist.png|thumb|286x286px|ikarita y'akerere ka Ngororero]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] Ngororero ni akarere tugize intara y'Uburengerazuba, Ngororero igizwe n'Imirenge 13, Utugari 73 ndetse n'midugudu 419. Aka karere gatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri 333,723; k'ubucucike bw'abaturage 493 kuri kilometero kale (km2) ,(hashingiwe ku ibarura rusange ry'abaturage muri 2021). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |accessdate=2020-08-03 |archive-date=2020-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705033614/http://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Ngororero</ref> == '''Imirenge ibarizwa muri Ngororero''' == * [[Umurenge wa Bwira]] * [[Umurenge wa Gatumba]] * [[Umurenge wa Gatumba|Ikarita y’Akarere ka Ngororero]] * [[Umurenge wa Hindiro]] * [[Umurenge wa Kabaya]] * [[Umurenge wa Kageyo]][[File:Green_Hills_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|imisozi iherere muri ngororero]] * [[Umurenge wa Kavumu]] * [[Umurenge wa Matyazo]] * [[Umurenge wa Muhanda]] * [[Umurenge wa Muhororo]] * [[Umurenge wa Ndaro]] * [[Umurenge wa Ngororero]] * [[Umurenge wa Nyange]] * [[Umurenge wa Sovu]] <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'uburengerazuba]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] j00pa6xus64pp8tkcf9aerw9ehqvh93 0 8414 72765 2020-08-03T16:28:31Z Deborahjay 6702 Deborahjay moved page [[Lisite y'Abanyarwanda]] to [[Urutonde rw'Abanyarwanda]]: correct name in RW; see Talk page wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urutonde rw'Abanyarwanda]] kalm46ie1xgjn5sbgfbgap3cwzusl79 0 8416 75207 75206 2021-03-15T15:37:46Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Wikipedia list article}} {{Infobox monarchy | royal_title = ''[[Mwami]]'' | realm = [[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]] | native_name = <!-- Optional. --> | border = <!-- Optional. Accepted values: provincial / federal / imperial --> | coatofarms = Royal Rwanda Coat.jpg | coatofarmssize = 100px | coatofarmscaption = '''Royal Coat of arms''' | coatofarms_article = <!-- Required if {{{coatofarms}}} field is used. --> | coatofarms_link = <!-- Optional. If {{{coatofarms}}} field is used. --> | type = Majesty | his/her = His | image = Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.jpg | caption = '''Last to reign<br>[[Kigeli V of Rwanda|Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]]'''<br>28 July 1959 – 28 January 1961 | incumbent = | incumbentsince = | other = <!-- Optional. Other caption below incumbent's name instead of enthronement date. --> | image2 = <!-- Optional. Just the image name, no File: or Image: coding --> | caption2 = <!-- Optional. --> | incumbent2 = <!-- Optional. for a co-principality --> | incumbent2since = <!-- Optional. Enthronement date. --> | other2 = <!-- Optional. Other caption below co-incumbent's name instead of enthronement date. --> | heir_apparent = <!-- Optional. --> | heir_presumptive = <!-- Optional. --> | first_monarch = [[Gihanga]] | last_monarch = [[Kigeli V of Rwanda|Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] | formation = Unknown {{small|(ancient times)}} | abolition = 28 January 1961 | residence = [[Nyanza, Rwanda|Nyanza]], [[Rwanda]] | appointer = Royal Council of [[Abiru]] | pretender = Prince [[Emmanuel Bushayija]] | website = <!-- Optional. --> }} [[File:Tutsi_king_Mutara.jpg|thumb|Tutsi king Mutara]] [[File:Kigeli_V_of_Rwanda_at_the_NLC.jpg|thumb|Kigeli V of Rwanda at the NLC]] This page contains a '''list of kings''' (''mwami'', plural ''abami'') '''of [[Rwanda]]'''. The [[Kingdom of Rwanda]] was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdoms in the history of [[Central Africa|Central]] and [[East Africa]]. Its state and affairs before King [[Gihanga]] is largely unconfirmed and highly shrouded in mythical tales. ==Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda== ;Abami b'imishumi (descendants of Ibimanuka gods) – B.C.E [[File:Mwami_Kigeri_IV_Rwabugiri.jpg|thumb|king Kigeri IV Rwabugiri]] * *[[Gihanga]] (1081 - 1114) *[[Kanyarwanda I Gahima I]] (1114 - 1147) *[[Rumeza I]] *[[Yuhi I Musindi]] *[[Rumeza II]]<ref name="Delmas">Leon Delmas</ref> *[[Nyarume]]<ref name="Delmas" /> *Rubanda (Lugalbanda)<ref name="Delmas" /> *[[Ndahiro I Bamara]] (Wamala) *[[Ndahiro II Ruyange]] *[[Ndahiro III Ndoba]] *[[Ndahiro IV Samembe]] *[[Nsoro I Samukondo]] *[[Nsoro II Byinshi]] *[[Ruganzu I Bwimba]] 1458 - 1482 *[[Cyilima Rugwe]] 1482 - 1506 ;1st Abami Bibitekerezo (1st Common Era Kings) *[[Kigeli I Mukobanya]] *[[Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi]] *[[Yuhi wa II Gahima II|Yuhi II Gahima II]] *[[Ndahiro II Cyamatare|Ndahiro V Cyamatare]] ;2nd Abami Bibitekerezo (2nd Common Era Kings) *[[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] (1510-1543) *[[Karemera Rwaka]] *[[Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi]] 1624 - 1648 *[[Kigeli II Nyamuheshera]] (1576–1609) *[[Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura]] (1609–1642) *[[Yuhi III Mazimpaka]] (1642–1675) *[[Cyilima II Rujugira]] (1675–1708) *[[Kigeli III Ndabarasa]] (1708–1741) *[[Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo]] (1741–1746) *[[Yuhi IV Gahindiro]] (1746–1802) *[[Mutara II Rwogera]] (1802–1853) *[[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]] (1853–1895) *[[Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa]] (1895 – November 1896) *[[Yuhi V Musinga]] (November 1896 – 12 November 1931) *[[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] (12 November 1931 – 25 July 1959) *[[Kigeli V Ndahindurwa]] (28 July 1959 – 28 January 1961) [[File:Yuhi VI of Rwanda (2017).jpg|thumb|Prince Emmanuel Bushayija (Yuhi VI).]] On 28 January 1961, Rwanda [[Abolition of monarchy|abolished its monarchy]] and became a republic, during the [[Rwandan Revolution]]. Afterwards, Kigeli V Ndahindurwa continued to maintain his claim to the throne until his death on 16 October 2016 in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=washingtonpost>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/kigeli-v-ndahindurwa-rwandan-king-without-a-crown-dies-at-80/2016/10/18/c02e6a22-948a-11e6-bb29-bf2701dbe0a3_story.html |title= Kigeli V Ndahindurwa, Rwandan king without a crown, dies at 80 |work=The Washington Post |date=18 October 2016}}</ref> On 9 January 2017, the Royal Council of [[Abiru]] announced Prince [[Emmanuel Bushayija]] as the new heir to the throne. Prince Emmanuel adopted the [[regnal name]] Yuhi VI.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/12/rwandas-new-king-former-pepsi-salesman-residing-cheshire/|title=Rwanda's new king is former Pepsi salesman residing in Cheshire|author=Adrian Blomfield|date=12 January 2017|work=the Daily Telegraph|accessdate=5 April 2017}}</ref> ==See also== *[[History of Rwanda]] *[[Kingdom of Rwanda]] *[[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] *[[Prime Minister of Rwanda]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Monarchs of Rwanda}} {{Rwanda topics}} {{Heads of state and government of African states}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Urutonde rw'Abami}} [[Category:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of African monarchs|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwandan monarchy]] [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda| ]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda| ]] [[Category:Rwanda-related lists|Kings]] kehrrfwb2ptlk9wdv3tcosdwvcklwhl 0 8417 77270 72789 2021-08-09T19:55:59Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyabihuDist.png|thumb|346x346px|ikarita y'akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''Nyabihu''' ni akarere gahereye mu [[Intara y'iburengerazuba|ntara y'iburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] , Nyabihu igizwe n' Imirenge 12, Utugari 73, Imidugudu 473<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://nyabihu.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-08-04 |archive-date=2020-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030050339/https://nyabihu.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * '''Ubuso''' :  531.5 Km2 * '''Umubare wabaturage''' : 314195 (hashingiwe ku ibarura rusange rya 2012) * '''Ubucucike bw'abaturage''' :556 /Km2<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/eicv-3-nyabihu-district-profile</ref> '''Ibyo abantu bazi cyane ku karere''' : Ahantu nyaburanga, [[Umusozi|imisozi]], [[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga,]] amashuri menshi, [[Ibiranga amateka,…|ibiranga amateka,.]] <ref>http://lwh-rssp.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=76</ref> == '''Imiyoboro''' == [[File:Ibere_rya_bigogwe_as_Rwanda_natural_and_historical_heritage_site_by_turahayo.jpg|thumb|Ibere rya bigogwe ]]<references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'uburengerazuba]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Nyabihu]] 9kfgjxilw4cn86em5ihxfhdyyxxjreh 0 8418 77274 76175 2021-08-09T19:56:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki Rusizi ni akerere kari mu [[ntara y'uburengazuba]] b'u [[Rwanda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=155 |accessdate=2020-08-04 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027001938/https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=155 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[File:Rusizi_NP.jpg|thumb|Rusizi ]] == Imirenge igize Rusizi ==[[File:Rusizi rwanda.jpg|thumb|Rusizi rwanda]] {| class="wikitable" |GIHUNDWE |- |MURURU |- |RWIMBOGO |- |NZAHAHA |- |NYAKABUYE |- |BUGARAMA |- |MUGANZA |- |GASHONGA |- |NYAKARENZ0 |- |GIHEKE |- |BWEYEYE |- |BUTARE |- |NKANKA |- |NKOMBO |- |NKUNGU |- |GITAMBI |} [[File:Rwanda_tea.jpg|thumb|Rwanda tea]] KAMEMBE GIKUNDAMVURA [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y'uburengerazuba]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] lel6j8o707ipzzkdrr3f0xn7p8nmjfv 0 8420 82984 77388 2022-05-06T08:35:27Z Andre Engels 106 delete wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|No encyclopedic content}} [[Dosiye:Typing example.jpg|thumb|kwandika inkuri]] Iriza Lael numunyarwandakazi wifuza kwiga no kumenya uburyo yatanga umusunzu mukwandika inkuru zitandukanye kuri wikipedia page y'ikinyarwnda d3c5n0glchf6k6n3aenbvccqlitwe0f 0 8423 73127 2020-08-18T20:16:18Z Powerfox 9121 Created page with " [[Umujyi]] wa '''Veliko Tarnovo''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]] : ''Велико Търново'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Bulugariya]](1185-1393). <gallery> Nikolai-dm..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Umujyi]] wa '''Veliko Tarnovo''' (izina mu [[kinyabulugariya]] : ''Велико Търново'' ) n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Bulugariya]](1185-1393). <gallery> Nikolai-dmitriev-orenburgsky-grand-prince-nikolai-nikolaevich-enters-trnovo-in-1877-1885.jpg| 20140620 Veliko Tarnovo 010.jpg| Bulgaria Bulgaria-0893 - Trapezitsa (7433398084).jpg| Constituent Assembly of Bulgaria.jpg| Asenov,Veliko Tarnovo.jpg| G.k. Varusha - north, 5000 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria - panoramio (6).jpg| </gallery> [[Category:Bulugariya]] 692xgd2ln6d12vgxursjt6jq2prinrn 0 8426 77853 73149 2021-08-18T01:57:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|gasabo]] '''Akagali ka Rukiri I''' ni Kamwe Tugali tugize umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo. Aka Kagali kagizwe n'imidugudu 7 : Izuba, Urumuri, Kisimenti, Agashyitsi, Amajyambere, Ubumwe, Ukwezi. 7zqhawr5kf6fn0wht79qkjsgp0xrme0 0 8427 76340 76229 2021-07-23T13:13:38Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Motherhood (14858844262).jpg|thumb|Motherhood ]] == INDA MU BANGAVU (youth pregnancy) == Ubushakashatsi bw’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Imiyoborere, RGB, bwagaragaje ko abanyarwanda bavuze ko ikibazo cy’abangavu batwita imburagihe kibabangamiye kurusha ibindi byose<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ikibazo-cy-abangavu-batwita-imburagihe-kibangamiye-umuryango-nyarwanda-ku</ref>. Iki ni ikibazo gihangayikishije isi muri rusange cyane cyane ibihugu biri munzira y'amajyambere. Abana babakobwa batangira kwishora mu gikorwa cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina bakiri bato bityo bamwe muri bo bikabaviramo ibyago byo gutwita cyangwa bakanahandurira indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (Sida, imitezi, mburugu.....)<ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/article/ikibazo-cy-abangavu-baterwa-inda-zitateguwe-gikomeje-gutera-inkeke</ref>. Amakimbirane mu miryango (Intonganya, kurwana hagati y'ababyeyi, ubusinzi ...) ni imwe mu mpamvu itungwa agatoki na benshi, bavuga ko ariyo ntandaro nyamukuru ituma abana bishora muri izo ngeso, kuko abana bahatakariza uburere, bakabura ibyingenzi baba bacyeneye kugira ngo babeho bishimye == Inda mu bangavu mu turere dutandukanye tw'U Rwanda<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imibare-y-abangavu-baterwa-inda-yikubye-kabiri-mu-turere-tumwe</ref>== Hirya no hino mu turere tw’igihugu hagaragara ibikorwa bitandukanye bigamije gukumira inda ziterwa abangavu ariko hakibazwa impamvu aho kugabanyuka cyangwa ngo bicike imibare igenda izamuka. Nko mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, uturere twa Nyanza, Huye, Gisagara na Nyaruguru turi mu dufite imibare myinshi y’abangavu batewe inda [[Dosiye:Abangavu.jpg|thumb|Abangavu]] imburagihe. === Akarere ka Huye === [[Dosiye:Mereje_teen1.jpg|thumb|Abangavu batewe inda batarageza igihe cy'ubukure]] Umuyobozi Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu Karere ka Huye, Kankesha Annonciate, yavuze ko abangavu batewe inda barenga 600. Ati “Ubushize twavugaga ko dufite abangavu 338 batewe inda ariko ubu twarabaze neza dusanga bageze kuri 699; ni abana benshi cyane.” === Akarere ka Nyanza=== Mu Karere ka Nyanza ho imibare yavuye ku bangavu 200 igera ku basaga 450. Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu Karere ka Nyanza, Umutesi Solange, yavuze ko abangavu baheruka guterwa inda barenga 450. Ati “Iyo turebye nk’imibare dufite kuva mu kwa karindwi ku mwaka ushize dusanga dufite abangavu 455 batewe inda. Abo ni ababyaye ushobora no gusanga hari n’abandi bahohotewe batabyaye ariko iyo mibare iratwereka ko ari ikibazo kiremereye.” === Akarere ka Gisagara === Mu Karere ka Gisagara, Ubuyobozi buheruka gutangaza ko hamaze kubarurwa abangavu 623 batwaye inda zitateguwe harimo abahetse impinja n’abagitwite. Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Gisagara, Rutaburingoga Jérôme ati “Dufite abana batewe inda bagera ku 198 bari munsi y’imyaka 18 n’abandi 425 bari munsi y’imyaka 20. Muri rusange ni umubare munini, ni icyorezo, ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane dusaba ubufatanye bwa buri wese ngo tugihagarike.” == Ishakiro== fnbq4qo9pljr4kcbb4ln8rf9hroxxom 0 8428 78464 77260 2021-08-24T23:52:33Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Central_c.jpg|thumb|Akagali ka Nyarutarama kabarizwa muri kigali mu karere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] Akagali ka '''Nyarutarama''' ni kamwe mu tugari tugize umurenge wa Remera mu karere ka Gasabo, kagizwe n'imidugudu 7: Gishushu, Kangondo I, Kangondo II, Kibiraro I, Kibiraro II,Juru, Kamahwa. '''Refence''' https://web.archive.org/web/20200814133304/https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=169 cm52ox0ax3a9rkqe7ls7ng34tn3i4rk 0 8429 78463 77257 2021-08-24T23:51:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|rwanda]] '''Akagali ka Nyabisindu''' kari mu tugali tugize umurenge wa Remera , Akarere ka Gasabo. Kagizwe n'imidugudu 7: Kagara, Gihogere, Nyabisindu, Kinunga, Amarembo I, Amarembo II, Rugarama. [[File:Communes of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Communes of Rwanda]] Reference https://web.archive.org/web/20200814133304/https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=169 dou4nv1t7pvgkawe50xw55x0l4vrsa4 0 8430 77261 77070 2021-08-09T19:55:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki A [[Dosiye:Kigali_city.jpg|thumb|Akagali ka Rukiri II kaboneka mu mujyi wa Kigali mu karere ka Gasabo umurenge wa Remera]] kagali ka Rukiri II ni kamwe mu tugali tugize umurenge wa Remera , Akarere ka Gasabo. Aka Kagali kagizwe n'imidugudu 5: Ubumwe, Amahoro, Rebero, Ruturusu I, Ruturusu II. '''Reference''' https://web.archive.org/web/20200814133304/https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=169 d97tig8uis6bqlhv0arhqbp64uvf9y8 0 8431 78517 76084 2021-08-25T02:20:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyamasheke''' ni kamwe mu turere tugize intara intara y'uburengerazuba [[Dosiye:Colombian_Coffee.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Ubuhinzi bwa kawa mu karere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Dosiye:Tea_field_workers_in_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imibereho y' abaturage ]] [[Dosiye:Vista_panorâmica_de_Água_Branca_de_Minas.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y' abaturage b'akarere ka Nyamasheke]] {{Stub}} [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] [[Category:Akarere ka Nyamasheke‎| ]] ijgmczgcjuqvz9zg0h6js574xikbdxt 0 8433 77719 77248 2021-08-15T15:22:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:HuyeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Tumba uherereye mu karere ka Huye mu intara y'amagepfo]] [[Dosiye:Huye_mainstreet_Rwanda_taken_June_2009.jpg|thumb|Imirimo yaburi munsi yiganjemo ijyanye n'ubucuruzi bukorwa n'abaturage batuye umurenge wa Tumba.]] Ugizwe n'utugari Cyarwa,RANGO B,Gitwa,Cyimana,Mpare <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://huye.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-09-16 |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920134411/http://www.huye.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Tumba is the most populous sector in Huye district with 31,339 inhabitants, and the most dense sector in Huye district with about 1,752 inhabitants per sq Km<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/document/Huye_DDS_2018-2024.pdf |accessdate=2020-09-16 |archive-date=2021-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117054544/https://huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/document/Huye_DDS_2018-2024.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> in 2012 lzf5q93x5o3rgwhe7cdegvhgm7digk7 0 8434 73304 73302 2020-09-19T09:57:17Z DARIO SEVERI 5940 Added image + category wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda EastProvDists.png|thumb|220px|Intara y’Iburasirazuba]] '''Intara y'Iburasirazuba''' nimwe mu ntara z'u [[Rwanda]] ziganjemo ubworozi bwinka. Ikaba igizwe nimirambi myinshi ndtse nikiyaga cya [[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Muhazi]] kikaba ariho giherereye. [[Category:Rwanda| ]] n9yrh1lz35klgof9ovnpnt3vmlal979 0 8435 77136 76902 2021-08-08T01:24:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda.jpg|thumb|football]] '''Jimmy Gatete''' (yavutse ku wa 11 Ukuboza 1982 i Bujumbura) ni umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda. == Umwuga == Gatete yagiye agaragara mu [[Amavubi|ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'u Rwanda]] . Yatsinze ibitego bikomeye mu gikombe cy’Afurika cy’ibihugu 2004 (CAN) byabonye ikipe y’umupira wamaguru y’u Rwanda (Amavubi) ijya mu irushanwa rya CAN. Igitego cyamamaye cyane mu mateka y’u Rwanda birashoboka ko ari igitego cye kuri [[:en:Ghana_national_football_team|Black Stars]] yo muri Gana kuri Stade Amahoro i [[Kigali]] muri Werurwe 2003 bigatuma u Rwanda rutsinda 1-0 maze rubaha itike yabo muri Tuniziya umwaka ukurikira. == Imiyobora == [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umupira w’amaguru]] [[Category:Amavubi]] ngqncvmkr0ccl748o7mq75tup9ixznn 0 8436 77732 73309 2021-08-15T16:22:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bank_of_Skotia.jpg|thumb|Unguka Bank ni banki Nyarwanda.]] Unguka Bank ni banki Nyarwanda. reqynsp2k05zs6acbzj70tg9n4oqpth 0 8438 77404 73312 2021-08-10T02:28:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri.jpg|thumb|mwami]] '''Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa''' was king (''Mwami'') of Rwanda between 1895 and 1896, having been made co-ruler by his father Kigeli IV Rwabugiri in 1889. Rutarindwa is sometime transcribed '''Rutalindwa'''. == RULE == His adopted father, Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, had proclaimed him co-ruler in 1889, effectively designating him his successor. On Rwabugiri's unexpected death in 1895 while on an expedition in modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, he was proclaimed king. Rwandan Queen Mothers were politically powerful. Rutarindwa's mother had died and, consequently, Rwabugiri appointed another of his wives, Kanjogera whose bloodline is lined to the current Tutsi, Rwanda President Paul KAGAME, as his surrogate mother. With the death of Rwabugiri. Kagame great great grandmother Kanjogera and her brothers plotted to put her own young son Musinga, the future king Yuhi V Musinga, on the throne. This culminated in late 1896 in a battle between the King's and the Queen Mother's factions called the Rucunshu Coup, named for the hill that Rutarindwa had moved his court to. After the battle, Rutarindwa committed suicide, and the royal drum was destroyed when his house was burnt down. [[Dosiye:Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|inzu y'umwami]] Rwanda’s political and killing upheat widespread along the Tutsis dynasty where Tutsis killed their own for the sake of power and this may certainly be explained by the circumstances of the Rucunshu coup d’état which took place one year before the arrival of the Germans. Rucunshu had led to deep divisions among the ruling Tutsi class and the army, ending in assassinations and powerful popular revolts against the Tutsi ruling court, which was at the time considered to have usurped power. These revolts were only broken through the Tutsis killing other Tusi for the sake of power.   2is1egkcsrrokbr9br9e6o98au93d63 0 8441 78879 78035 2021-08-27T22:25:49Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kranj 19.jpg|thumb|urugaryi]] Ni igihe kigufi cy’izuba, aho riva atari ryinshi, n’irivuye rikaba ridakakaye cyane. Ni igihe abahinzi baba basarura banahunika imyaka bahinze mu bihe by’imvura y’umuhindo. Icyo gihe gitangira ku wa 15 Ukuboza, kigasoza ku wa 15 Werurwe. [[Dosiye:Ikirere cy Imusanze.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Urugaryi]] s8xslosangton1yiisyzhtct9fejt1y 0 8442 77625 73320 2021-08-14T16:01:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rain_and_misty_mountains.jpg|thumb|Itumba n'igihe kirekire cy'imvura ]] [[Dosiye:Selo_Kostenets_rain.jpg|thumb|Mu igihe cy'itumba abaturage benshi imirimo yabo akenshi irahagara kubera imvura nyinshi itava ku muryango.]] Ni igihe kirekire cy’imvura kandi nyinshi, ni gihe haba hahingwa ibihingwa bikenera imvura nyinshi nk’urutoki, amasaka n’imbuto y’ibigori imwe n’imwe n’ibindi. Iki gihe gitangira ku wa 15 Werurwe kigasoza ku wa 15 Kamena. sg0ubjhcrwrpyzvls8rf2mfdypz3b4n 0 8443 79416 79415 2021-09-15T09:13:02Z 91.215.150.178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Om symbol.svg|thumb|Ikimenyetso cya Om]] Idini ry'Abahindu ni idini ry'Abahinde na dharma, cyangwa uburyo bwo kubaho. Ni idini rya gatatu rinini ku isi, rifite abayoboke barenga miliyari 1.25, ni ukuvuga 15-16% by'abatuye isi, bazwi ku izina ry'Abahindu. Abraham estaar aap daar gaap schaap poen laat kaas poep in de buurt van de dag dat de man van het jaar daarop een keer in het begin van de dag dat de man van het jaar daarop een keer in het begin van de week nog even naar het strand van de week nog even naar het strand van deze hbtqvj5u2iwy8uh7hjhhy2fmpj54m8e 0 8444 77619 77156 2021-08-14T15:23:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Housewife.jpg|thumb|imeshyi]] [[Dosiye:Summer on Lamoka Lake.jpg|thumb|impeshyi]] Ni igihe kirekire cy’izuba ryinshi rikakaye, icyo gihe nibwo abantu baba basarura imyaka bahinze mu itumba, ndetse banarimira imyaka bazahinga mu muhindo. Igihe cy’icyi gitangira ku wa 15 Kamena kikageza ku wa 15 Nzeri. cck1b2pm572afcdg3y9ue913kxl3ud2 0 8445 79128 78417 2021-08-31T08:30:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr.-Monique-Nsanzabaganwa.png|thumb|Dr.-Monique-Nsanzabaganwa]] '''Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa''' ni '''umunyarwandakazi''' w'impuguke mu bukungu akaba n'umunyapolitiki, yabaye guverineri wungirije wa [https://bnr.rw/home/ Banki nkuru y' u Rwanda] kuva muri Gicurasi 2011, ubu akaba ari umuyobozi wungirije wa komisiyo y'umuryango w'ubu mwe bwa Afurika.<ref>https://kzitem.info/news/ikiganiro-na-dr-nsanzabaganwa-monique-byinshi-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwe-n-inshingano-yatorewe-muri-au/zZ1orJWcbaGLnoY</ref> == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == '''Nsanzabaganwa''' yavutse ahagana mu mwaka wa 1971, yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]] yarangije amashuri yisumbuye mu Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare([[Indatwa n'inkesha school|Indatwa n'Inkesha School]]) mu 1992<ref name=":0" />. Afite Impamyabumenyi y' ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bukungu yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]. Yize muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'epfo]] muri [[:en:Stellenbosch_University|Kaminuza ya Stellenbosch]], ahakura impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bukungu, akurikizaho impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri [[Filozofiya]] mu by'ubukungu mu 2012<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://www.sun.ac.za/english/Lists/news/DispForm.aspx?ID=4758</ref>. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Remembering Rwanda 2004, American University.jpg|thumb|Remembering Rwanda]] Nyuma yo kurangiza kwiga mu mahanga, '''Nsanzabaganwa''' yagarutse mu Rwanda maze akora muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] nk'Umwarimu w'Ubukungu kuva mu 1999 kugera mu 2003. Hagati ya 2003 na 2008 yabaye Umunyabanga wa Leta ushinzwe igenamigambi muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20200926081636/http://minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?id=2 Minisiteri y'imari ni igenamigambi]. kuva mu 2008 kugera mu 2011 yabaye Minisitiri w'ubucuruzi n'inganda muri Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] Ubwo yari Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Igenamigambi, '''Dr. Nsanzabaganwa Monique''' azwiho kuba yarashyizeho uburyo buhamye bw'ibarurishamibare n'igenamigambi ku rwego rw'igihugu no mu nzego z'ibanze. '''Nsanzabaganwa''' yayoboye kandi aba umwe mu bagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry' I[http://www.statistics.gov.rw/ kigo cy' igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare] mu Rwanda. Kuva mu 2012 ni umuyobozi w'inama y'ubuyobozii y'[http://www.statistics.gov.rw/ ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare]<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.rw/about-us/organizational-structure/board-directors</ref>. '''Dr. Nsanzabaganwa Monique''' kandi azwiho kuba yarashyize ingufu mu ishyirwaho ry'amategeko n'amabwiriza bigenga ama banki azwi nka Mikorofinansi mu Rwanda. '''Nsanzabaganwa''' kandi ashimirwa uruhare yagize mu mavugurura yabaye mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi ubwo yari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’inganda, n’uruhare rwe mu gufasha abagore kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Afurika<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/monique-nsanzabaganwa-yahawe-impamyabumenyi-y-ikirenga-y-icyubahiro |accessdate=2020-10-06 |archive-date=2017-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031141643/http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/monique-nsanzabaganwa-yahawe-impamyabumenyi-y-ikirenga-y-icyubahiro |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. Ku wa 6 Gashyantare 2021, '''Dr. Nsanzabaganwa Monique''' yatorewe kuba umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa Komisiyo y'umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe, afite inshingano zo gufasha umuyobozi mukuru wa Komisiyo y'umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe, ariko akibanda ku bijyanye no kwita ku mutungo n'ingengo y'imari bya Komisiyo <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandas-nsanzabaganwa-new-au-commission-deputy-chairperson</ref>. == Umuryango == '''Nsanzabaganwa''' arubatse yashakanye na '''Théogène Bangwanubusa''' (PhD), akaba ari umubyeyi w'abana batatu: abahungu babiri n' umukobwa umwe<ref name=":0">https://www.minaffet.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minaffet/Publications/Dr_Monique_Nsanzabaganwa_Profile1.pdf</ref>. == Ibindi == '''Dr. Nsanzabaganwa Monique''' ni umuyobozi w'inama ngishwanama y' [http://rivierahighschool.org/ ishuri ry' isumbuye rya Riviera]<ref>http://rivierahighschool.org/about-us/the-advisory-council/</ref>. '''Nsanzabaganwa''' kdi ni umuyobozi wa mbere wungirije muri [http://www.unity-club.org/ Unity Club Intwararumuri] akaba ari umuryango ugizwe na abagize guverinoma, abahoze muri guverinoma hamwe na abafasha babo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/unity-club-elects-new-office-bearers</ref>. Ni kandi umuyobozi wa [http://nfnv.rw/views/home New Faces New Voices] ishami ryo mu Rwanda<ref>http://nfnv.rw/views/board_members.php</ref>. == Ibindi wareba == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] * [[:en:John_Rwangombwa|John Rwangombwa]] * [[Jeannette Kagame]] *[[Soraya Hakuziyaremye]] == Reba == [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Impuguke]] [[Category:Rwanda]] __FORCETOC__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <references /> [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Banki nkuru y'U Rwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwandakazi]] q94ljjbv6l1oqf189y9fi9y5nd40dlt 0 8446 83581 79549 2022-05-14T19:01:17Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki = ''Umwuga'' = ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] wakoze umwuga w'umucuruzi ndetse n 'umunyapolitiki akaba ari na [[Minisitiri wa Siporo|Minisitiri wa sport]] <ref>https://minisports.gov.rw/index.php?id=30&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=1895&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=b7c82da2309f76e08e67b49c66685e64</ref>kuva kuwa 5 Ugushyingo 2019. = Amashuri yize = [[Dosiye:Aurore_memosa_Munyangaju.jpg|thumb|Aurore mimosa Munyangaju]] Mimosa afite impamyabushobozi mu bijyanye no gucukumbura imigirire ya muntu,yatanzwe n' ikigo cya ACI muri Australia mu ishami ry’amashyirahamwe n’imari. Yarangije kandi mu Ishuri ry’Ubuyobozi rya Maastricht, [[i Maastricht]],<ref>https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/</ref> mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]], afite impamyabushobozi, mu bijyanye no gucunga imishinga. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Rwanda]] = Uburambe afite mukazi = Mbere yo kugirwa Minisitiri w’imikino mu Rwanda, Mimosa yari Umuyobozi mukuru wa Sonarwa Life Company, ikigo cy’ubwishingizi bw' ibintu n'abantu i Kigali. Mbere yibyo, yari umuyobozi mukuru wa African Alliance Rwanda. African Alliance nitsinda ryamabanki yishoramari rikorera muri Afrika. = Inzobere mubyo gucunga umutungo = Afite uburambe mubirebana namabanki burenga imyaka icumi cyane cyane mubikorwa byo gucunga umutungo, no mu bucuruzi mu bigendanye no kunguka. Yagize uruhare runini mu gushinga isosiyete ya mbere y’ubucuruzi bw’imigabane, ndetse n’ivunjisha rya mbere ry’ibicuruzwa byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu Rwanda. == Bariza hano == * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] {{Reflist}} * [http://www.minispoc.gov.rw/index.php?id=2 Urubuga rwa Minisiteri ya Siporo u Rwanda] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] evpdazctd9olf9740lqothlqh2qmhlo 0 8447 79118 78139 2021-08-31T08:19:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Donald Kaberuka1.jpg|thumb|'''Dr. Donald Kaberuka''']] [[Dosiye:Donald_Kaberuka_cropped.jpg|thumb|Dr.Donald Kaberuka ]] '''Donald P. Kaberuka''' (wavutse ku ya 5 Ukwakira 1951) ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] kandi yari perezida wa [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] kuva muri Nzeri 2005 kugeza muri Nzeri 2015. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|rwanda]] == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Kaberuka yavukiye i Byumba, mu [[Rwanda]]. Yize muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam nk'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza maze abona MPhil mu bushakashatsi bw’iterambere yakuye muri kaminuza y’Uburasirazuba bwa Anglia mu 1979. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Glasgow . == Umwuga == Kaberuka yakoze mu mabanki n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu myaka irenga icumi. Mu Kwakira 1997 yagizwe minisitiri w’imari n’imigambi y’ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="esid">http://www.effective-states.org/wp-content/uploads/working_papers/final-pdfs/esid_wp_120_chemouni_POE.pdf</ref> Kaberuka yakoraga kuri uwo mwanya imyaka umunani, kandi ashimirwa kuba yarafashije mu guhungabanya ubukungu bw’u [[Rwanda]] biturutse ku ngaruka za jenoside yo mu 1994. === Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere, 2005–2015 === Muri Nyakanga 2005, Kaberuka yatorewe kuba perezida wa [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (AfDB). Yatangiye imirimo muri Nzeri 2005. Kaberuka yayoboye ikigo gifite ubukungu bwongeye kugarurwa kuva mu myaka ya 1995 isenyuka, ariko icyizere cyacyo kikaba gikomeje gukorwa. Usibye uruhare rwe muri banki, Kaberuka yari n'umwe mu bagize komisiyo ishinzwe ubutwererane mu iterambere na Afurika yashyizweho na minisitiri w’intebe Anders Fogh Rasmussen wo muri [[Danimarike]] kandi ikora inama hagati ya Mata na Ukwakira 2008. <ref>[http://www.ft.dk/samling/20072/lovforslag/l188/pgf/6/spm/1/svar/570287/594322.pdf Commission on Effective Development Cooperation with Africa] [[Folketing]].</ref> Itsinda gukorana yateraniye na Centre for Development Global, rwigenga Washington batekereza tank, yasohoye raporo mu Nzeri 2006 ko batura ibyifuzo atandatu kuko Kaberuka na kibaho banki ya abayobozi ku mahame rusange kuyobora banki kuvugurura. Raporo ikubiyemo ibyifuzo bitandatu ku micungire n’abanyamigabane kuko bakemura ikibazo cyihutirwa cyo kuvugurura banki y’iterambere rya Afurika. Icyamamare mubyifuzo ni kwibanda cyane kubikorwa remezo. === Ikigega cy'isi, 2019–2021 === Kaberuka akora nk'umuyobozi w'inama y’ikigega cy’isi gishinzwe kurwanya SIDA, igituntu na Malariya. Manda ye y'imyaka ibiri yatangiye ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2019. Muri uru ruhare, Kaberuka ifasha gukusanya byibuze miliyari 14 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kigega cy'isi muri 2020–2022. Nk’uko ikigega cy’isi kibitangaza ngo aya mafaranga azafasha kurokora ubuzima bwa miliyoni 16, kugabanya umubare w'impfu ziterwa na virusi itera SIDA, igituntu na malariya mo kabiri, kandi byubake gahunda z'ubuzima zikomeye mu 2023. === Urundi ruhare === Umujyanama mu kigo cy'imari n'imigabane Mu Kuboza 2015, Kaberuka yagizwe umujyanama mukuru mu ihuriro, "TPG / Satya", rifatanije n’ibigo bibiri byigenga by’imigabane: TPG ikorera muri Amerika hamwe na Satya Capital ikorera i Londres, ifatanya n’umuherwe wo muri Sudani Mo Ibrahim . Izindi nshingano zirimo: * Itsinda ry’ubujyanama rya Boston (BCG), umujyanama mukuru mu nzego za Leta, ingaruka z’imibereho n’ibigo by’imari (kuva 2017) * Centum ishoramari, umuyobozi n’umuyobozi utari umuyobozi w’inama yubuyobozi (kuva 2016) '''Imiryango idaharanira inyungu''' Muri 2017, hatangajwe ko Kaberuka azaba umuyobozi uhuriweho na komisiyo ya LSE-Oxford ishinzwe kurwanya intege nke za Leta, iterambere n’iterambere riyobowe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iterambere hamwe na David Cameron wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza . Mu mwaka wa 2019, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, António Guterres yamugize umuyobozi wungirije w’Inama Nkuru-ishinzwe kwimura imbere, hamwe na Federica Mogherini . <ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2019-12-03/high-level-panel-internal-displacement High-Level Panel on Internal Displacement] [[United Nations]], press release of 3 December 2019.</ref> * Fondasiyo ya Mo Ibrahim, umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi <ref>[http://mo.ibrahim.foundation/about-us/board/ Board] [[Mo Ibrahim Foundation]].</ref> * Fondasiyo ya Brenthurst, umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama <ref>[https://www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/about/team-advisors/ Advisory Board] [[Brenthurst Foundation]].</ref> * Global Leadership Foundation, umunyamuryango (kuva 2017) * Fondasiyo ya Rockefeller, umwe mu bagize akanama gashinzwe umutekano (kuva 2015) * [https://alueducation.com/ Kaminuza y'Ubuyobozi muri Afurika], Perezida wa njyanama yayo isi (kuva 2015) == Ibihembo yahawe == * Ku ya 16 Werurwe 2015, yahawe igihembo cya Lifetime Achievement Award i Geneve. * Ku ya 27 Gicurasi 2015, yahawe igihembo cy'abayobozi bakomeye kubera igihembo kizima na [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|WWF]] . == Aho byakuwe == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Ubukungu bwa afurika]] [[Category:Banki]] 5xq8uts0mqhvbbhfe3ncniy553bsvaa 0 8448 78321 73978 2021-08-24T02:28:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éditions Bakame''', yashinzwe mu 1995 i [[Kigali]], ni yo nzu yambere yandika ibitabo by' abana yabayeho mu [[Rwanda]] . Basohora imigani, documentaire, ibitabo na alubumu kandi bateza imbere gusoma mumashuri <ref>Afrilivres </ref> , . [[Dosiye:Logo Verlag Bakame.jpg|center|thumb|520x520px|Bakame Edition]] == Amateka == [[File:Agnès_Gyr-Ukunda-Foire_du_livre_de_Francfort_2017_(2).jpg|thumb|Agnès Gyr-Ukunda, mu imurikagurisha ry'ibitabo bya Frankfurt (2017).]] Ingaruka za [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yibasiye igihugu cye akomokamo, Agnès Gyr-Ukunda yashinze i [[Kigali]] mu 1995 Editions Bakame, ashinga inzu yandikira abana n'abantu bakiri bato . Yifuzaga guha ishingiro ry’umuco abana benshi kugira ngo abafashe gutsinda ingaruka z’imitekerereze y’ihungabana bagize kandi yizera ko hamwe n’ibitabo by’abana, yari kugira uruhare mu kwimakaza amahoro. Igitekerezo gishingiye ku ihame ryo gusoma ryo mu gihugu Busuwisi (OSL) <ref>Site officiel </ref> yateye inkunga iyubakwa ryiyinzu. Ishyirahamwe Bakame - ryandika ibitabo byabana bu Rwanda bibashyigikira mu buhanga nu bukungu. Naho Bakame , ni izina ry'urukwavu rw'amayeri, ruzwi cyane n'abana b'u Rwanda. == Umwirondoro == Éditions Bakame isohora inyandiko z'abana ni ingimbi zishingiye ku muco n'ururimi rw'igihugu cy' U Rwanda, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . Kugirango ibitabo bigere kubana bose, bizenguruka bigomba kuba byinshi kandi igiciro kiri hasi. Éditions Bakame ikeneye abaterankunga bishyura ibiciro byo gucapa. Isaranganya rikorwa ahanini n'amashuri. Ibisobanuro kandi biteza imbere gusoma mu muco aho ijambo ryanditse rikiri vuba cyane. Bakame rero yashyizeho umushinga utera inkunga "backpack-Library" wahuye nitsinzi ikomeye. Ku izina rya “ ''Bana dusome'' ”, ibitabo biva ku ishuri bijya kurindi , ishuri, biherekejwe n'uwuhugura. == Intambwe == Tugomba kwibuka mugutezimbere Éditions Bakame, mumwaka wa 2005 kubaka inyubako i [[Kigali]] hamwe na Bologna Ragazzi Award New Horizons ( Imurikagurisha ryibitabo byabana Bologna ) kuri alubumu ''Ubucuti bw'imbeba n'inzovu'', muri 2008 gutandukanya mpuzamahanga IBBY-Asahi hagamijwe guteza imbere gusoma no muri 2010 gutangaza ikibonezamvugo mu ma shuri. Ishyirahamwe "Bakame - ibitabo by’abana bo mu Rwanda" ryemejwe na ZEWO kuva 2003 <ref name="ZEWO"> [http://www.zewo.ch/fuer_spendende/suchen#detail&key=94&name=972%20/%20B%C3%BCcher%20f%C3%BCr%20Kinder%20in%20Ruanda%20BAKAME,%20Egg,%20Malters Stiftung Zewo]</ref> . Inama y’abaminisitiri y’u Rwanda yemeye “Éditions Bakame” nk'umuryango udaharanira inyungu rusange mu 2002 irabyemeza muri 2012. == Aho wabisanga == {{Reflist}} == Reba ibindi == * Bernard Huber na Guy Missodey, ''Ubwenegihugu, isi yose hamwe'' nubuvanganzo bwabana ''n’urubyiruko: ibikorwa'' byumunsi wubumenyi bwurusobe rwabashakashatsi mubuvanganzo bwabana '', 21-''22 novembre 200522 Ugushyingo 2005 , Agence Universitaire de la francophonie, Montreal ; Ibisobanuro byububiko bwa none, Paris, 2007, p. 38 ; 65-66 ( ISBN 9782914610469 ) * Luc Pinhas, “Les éditions Bakame”, mu ''bihe byasohotse mu gifaransa kivuga ururimi rw'igifaransa cy'ubwana n'urubyiruko'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, p. 200-202 ( ISBN 9782296057999 ) * Eddie Tambwe, ''Urunigi rw'ibitabo muri Afurika y'Abirabura bavuga Igifaransa.'' ''Ninde mwanditsi uyumunsi ?'' Inzu y'Ubwanditsi ya L'Harmattan, Paris, 2006, p. 130-132 ( ISBN 9782296156319 ) === Ingingo zijyanye === * Umuco w'u Rwanda * Ubuvanganzo bw'u Rwanda === amahuza yo hanze === * [http://www.bakame.ch/ Urupapuro rwibanze rwishyirahamwe rya Bakame - Ibitabo byabana byu Rwanda] * [http://www.afrilivres.net/fiche_editeur.php?e=3105 Bakame yasohotse kuri Afrilivres] * [http://www.scolibris.fr/interview-d-agnes-gyr-des-editions-bakame-au-rwanda-scolibris-142.html?PHPSESSID=a31db7ebbe5266c770fbe0d609f324d9 "Ikiganiro na Agnès Gyr wo mu gitabo cya Bakame mu Rwanda"] (Scolibris) {{Portail|édition|entreprises|Rwanda|Littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse}} [[Category:Iyandikiro ry'Ibitabo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] j52z3yvdy6gi13m5rsleq0jj3occgkr 0 8449 82403 76610 2022-04-03T09:50:15Z Annick green 9913 i edited an article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyabinghi''' cyangwa '''Nyabingi''' ni ya kera cyane mu ngoro ya Rastafari kandi ni umuntu ukomeye mu mateka y'u [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na [[Tanzaniya]], aho imyemerere ari we yari [[Dosiye:Dr._Dorislaw's_Ghost,_Presented_by_T(ime)_to_unmask_the_Vizards_of_the_Hollanders_(BM_Y,1.118).jpg|thumb|Nyabingi z'akoreshwaga n'abamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye mu gihugu cy'Ubuhorande]] ishingiyeho. [[Dosiye:Frightfully_Fun_Parade_(34399976996).jpg|thumb|Nyabingi yarangwaga n'abimwe mu bishushanyo cyangwa inyamaswa maze ikaba ariyo myemerere abantu bizeraga]] == Inkomoko == Nyabingi yari umugore w'icyamamare mu [[Rwanda]] / Uganda / Tanzaniya, izina rye rikaba risobanura "ufite ibintu byinshi". <ref>Asante Ivory Trumpet Music in Ghana: Culture Tradition and Sound Barrage By Joseph S. Kaminski</ref> <ref>Asante Ivory Trumpet Music in Ghana: Culture Tradition and Sound Barrage By Joseph S. Kaminski</ref> Itariki n'aho yavukiye birahatana. Jim Freedman, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’umuntu wize ibijyanye n’umutwe wa Nyabinghi mu Rwanda / Uganda, avuga ko nyabinghi yaba yaravutse ahagana murwa 1750–1800. == Iyobokamana == Kuramya cyangwa gusenga imana cyangwa umwuka w’umugore uzwi ku izina rya Nyabinghi byatangiriye mu Rwanda, ahagana mu 1800. byatekerezwaga ko ari imbaraga zikomeye mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Imigenzo y'idini yakorwaga binyuze mu muhuza mu buryo bwo gushyikirana n'umuzimu wa Nyabinghi. hagamijwe guturisha umuzimu we, abizera bazaniraga amaturo umuhuza nawe akavugana n'umuzimu mu izina ry'umwizera. Mu gihe hariho uburyo bwihariye bwavuganaga na Nyabinghi mu buryo butaziguye, Nyabinghi yashoboraga kandi gutunga abantu basanzwe batari abayobozi cyangwa abategetsi mu idini. iyi myemerere yari yiganje cyane mu bice byo mu majyepfo ya Uganda no mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda, uturere twahoze tugize ubwami bwa mbere bwa Ndorwa. <ref>Freedman, Jim (1984). ''Nyabingi: The Social History of an African Divinity''. Tervuren, Belgique: Muse royal de l'Afrique centrale.</ref> == Muhumusa == Muhumuza umu nyarwandakazi / nyaugandakazi bivugwa ko ari we nyabingi yari yarahanzeho, yari yaramamaye nk''umuja wajyanaga ubutumwa bw' abizera kuri Nyabingi mu'' [[Dosiye:Ghost_River_in_winter.jpg|thumb|Nyabingi zishingiye ku migezi]] ''kinyejana cya 19 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Muhumusa yayoboye ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya [[Yuhi V Musinga|Yuhi V wo mu Rwanda]], avuga ko ari we mugabekazi w' ukuri ku ngoma y'u Rwanda. Yayoboye kandi anashyijyikira indi mitwe irwanya ubukoloni muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, yigomeka ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abanyaburayi. <ref>Hopkins, Elizabeth. “The Nyabingi Cult of Southwestern Uganda.” Protest and Power in Black Africa. Ed. Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. 258-336.{{Cite book}}</ref> Nubwo yafashwe mu 1913, bivugwa ko abari barahanzweho na Nyabinghi nyuma bakomeje ibikorwa bye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (cyane cyane abagore). Abakomoka kubayobokeba ba Nyabinghi bivugwa ko ubu baherereye mu mutima wa Dzimba dze Mabwe, ubu uzwi nka [[Zimbabwe]] . '' == Sans dance == Ibigwi bya Nyabinghi byo kwigomeka byatumye ab Rastas benshi bo muri Jamayike, ''binjiza'' ibizwi ku izina rya Nyabinghi chants ( ''binghi'' ) mu birori byabo ( gutaka ). iyo injyana ikaba ishingiye kuri ska, rocksteady na Reggae Music. Ubwoko butatu bwingoma zikoreshwa mumuziki wa Nyabinghi: bass, funde na keteh . keteh nizirarangura zifite imizi mu mbyino zo muri Ashant<ref>Asante Ivory Trumpet Music in Ghana: Culture Tradition and Sound Barrage By Joseph S. Kaminski</ref>, ☃☃ funde ivuzwa rimwe-kabiri muburyo budahinduka iherekejwe na base yingoma ivuga irangurura kwijwi rya mbere ni rya kane. Kubara Ossie niwe wambere wanditse kuri Nyabinghi kandi afasha gushiraho no kubungabunga umuco wa Rasta. == Reba == <references /> == Iyungura bumenyi == * Hopkins, Elizabeth. “The Nyabingi Cult of Southwestern Uganda.” Protest and Power in Black Africa. Ed. Robert I. Rotberg and Ali A. Mazrui. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. 258-336. [[Category:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Imyemerere]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Africa]] [[Category:Rastafari]] abrog5ezj48vvn2hhkphe87ijwycsyv 0 8450 78107 77237 2021-08-21T01:36:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Inyandiko y'umwimerere: [[:en:Economy_of_Africa|Economy]]''''' Ubukungu bw'Afurika '''Ubukungu bwa Afrika''' bugizwe nubucuruzi, inganda, ubuhinzi, hamwe n'abakozi . Mu mwaka wi 2019, ibihugu 54 bigize umugabane wa Afurika byari bituwe n'abantu bagera kuri miliyari 1,3 <ref>[["2017 World population" (PDF). 2017 World Population Data Sheet - Population Reference Bureau.]]</ref> . Afurika ni umugabane ukungahaye ku mutungo kamere. Iterambere ryo muri iyi myaka ryatewe no kwiyongera mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa, muri serivisi, ndetse n'umusaruro w'inganda. Biteganijwe ko umwaka wa 2050 uzagera Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, Afurika yo hagati na Afurika y'Epfo by'umwihariko, bigeze kuri GDP ingana na tiriyari 29 z'amadorari y'Amerika. Muri Werurwe 2013, Afurika yagaragaye nk'umugabane ukennye cyane ku isi: Umusaruro rusange wa Afurika wose hamwe ni kimwe cya gatatu cy'umusaruro rusange w'Amerika; ariko, Banki y'Isi iteganya ko niba umuvuduko w'ubwiyongere ukomeje, mu 2025 ibihugu byinshi by'Afurika bizagera ku "rwego rwo hagati" rudakennye kandi rudakize (nukuvuga nibura amafaranga 1.000 y'amadolari y'Amerika ku muntu ku mwaka). Impamvu zituma ubukungu bwifashe nabi muri Afurika ninyinshi: mu mateka, Afurika yari ifite ingoma nyinshi zikize zicuruza mu bice byinshi byisi; ariko, ubukoloni bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi hamwe n’ibibazo byakurikiyeho byatewe n'ubwigenge n’intambara y'ubutita, byateje ihungabana mu bukungu no mu mibereho y'abaturage. Icyakora, guhera mu mwaka wa 2013 Afurika yabaye umugabane w’iterambere ryihuse ku isi ku kigero cya 5,6% ku mwaka, kandi biteganijwe ko GDP iziyongera ku kigereranyo cya 6% ku mwaka hagati ya 2013 na 2023.<ref>[[Oliver August (2 March 2013). "Africa rising A hopeful continent". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited. Retrieved 15 December 2013.]]</ref> Muri 2017, Banki y'Afurika itsura amajyambere yatangaje ko Afurika ari iya kabiri ku isi ifite ubukungu bwihuta cyane, inavuga ko ubukungu buziyongera kugera kuri 3,4% muri 2017, mu gihe biteganijwe ko izamuka rizagera kuri 4.3% muri 2018.<ref>[["African Economic Outlook 2017" (PDF). African Development Bank.]]</ref> Iterambere ryagaragaye ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibihugu bya Afurika byagaragaje kwiyongera kw' iterambere ku kigereranyo cya 6% kuzamura, naho 40% byiyongera hagati ya 4% kugeza 6% kumwaka. Indorerezi mpuzamahanga z’ubucuruzi nazo zagereranije Afurika nk’imoteri izamura ubukungu ku isi.<ref>[["Rise of the African opportunity". Boston Analytics. 22 June 2016.]]</ref> == Amateka == [[File:Coudée-turin.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|ibipimo fatizo bya Misiri Ya kera byanakoreshwaga nkifaranga ryabo]] Ubukungu bwa Afurika bwari bugiye butandukanye, ahanini bwari bushingiye ku nzira nini z'ubucuruzi zari zarakozwe hagati y'imijyi niyindi no hagati yubwami nubundi . Inzira zimwe z'ubucuruzi zanyuraga ku butaka, izindi zikanyura mu nzuzi, izindi zo mu bihugu byateye imbere zanyuraga ku byambu bikikije imigi. Ubwami bunini bw'Afurika bwagiye bukira kubera imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi bwari bufite, twavuga nka Misiri ya kera, Nubiya, [[Mali]], Ashanti, n’ubwami bwa Oyo . [[File:Mogadishan_currency.JPG|left|thumb|359x359px|Soltanate yifaranga rya Mogadishu .]] Bimwe mu bice bya Afurika byari bifitanye umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ubwami bw’abarabu, kandi mu gihe cy’ingoma ya Ottoman, Abanyafurika batangiye kwinjira mu idini rya Isilamu ari benshi. Iri terambere, hamwe no gushakisha inzira yubucuruzi ku nyanja yu Buhinde, byazanye Abanyaportigale muri Afrika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara nkingabo zifite ingufu. Kubw'Inyungu zabakoloni bashizeho inganda nshya zo kugaburira ibyifuzo by’i Burayi ku bicuruzwa nk’amavuta y’amamesa, reberi, ipamba, ibyuma byagaciro, ibirungo, ibihingwa ngengabukungu ibindi bicuruzwa, cyane cyane ku turere two ku nkombe yubukungu ya Atlantike. Nyuma y’ubwigenge bw’ibihugu bya Afurika mu kinyejana cya 20, imidugararo mu bukungu, muri politiki ndetse no mu mibereho yabaturage byahungabanije cyane umugabane. Ariko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe ubukungu bwarazamutse bigaragara, mu myaka yashize.  Izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’Afurika ( kuva mu myaka ya za 2000) ryagereranijwe n’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bwazamutse bigaragara muri Aziya kuva mu mpera za 70. Muri 2013, Afurika yari ifite ibihugu birindwi kurutonde rwibihugu byihuta cyane mu bukungu ku isi . Mu mwaka w' 2018, [[Nijeriya]] niyo yari ifite ubukungu bukomeye mubijyanye na GDP nominal, igakurikirwa n' [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] ukurikije PPP, Misiri ni iya kabiri mubijyanye na GDP nominal nyuma ya [[Nijeriya]]. [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya Ekwatoriya]]<nowiki/>li niyo yari ifite GDP ya mbere muri Afurika nubwo yarangwaga nihohoterwa no kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibihugu bikungahaye kuri peteroli nka [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Libiya]] na [[Gabon]],n'ibikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro nka Botswana byagaragaye mubihugu bifite ubukungu bwa mbere kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, mu gihe [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], byashobokaga ko byaba mu bihugu bikize ku isi, nyamara bikaba biri mu rutonde rw'ibihugu bikennye cyane ku isi kubera ruswa ikabije, politiki mbi, intambara ndetse n'umusaruro muke w'abakozi. Botswana yesheje imihigo muri Afurika ndetse no ku isi mukugira ubukungu bwihuta mu myaka ya 1966–1999.  == Ibihe byubu == [[File:Factory_of_National_Cement_Share_Company.jpg|right|thumb|Isosiyete y'igihugu isaranganya sima yo muri [[Etiyopiya]] uruganda rushya muri Dire Dawa]] [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wateganyaga ko ubukungu bw’Afurika buzagera kuri 3.5% muri 2018 na 3,7% muri 2019. Kugeza mu 2007, iterambere muri Afurika ryari imbere yirya Aziya y'Uburasirazuba . Amakuru yerekana ko bimwe mu bice by'uyu mugabane bifite ubukungu buri kwihuta cyane, bitewe n'umutungo kamere wabyo no kongera umutekano wa politiki ndetse no kubungabunga amahoro byashyizwemo ingufu kuva 2007'. Banki y'isi ivuga ko ubukungu bw’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara bwazamutse ku gipimo kingana cyangwa kirenga igipimo cyo kurwego rw’isi. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage rivuga ko iterambere ry' umugabane muri rusange riterwa ahanini n’ubukungu bw' igihugu cya Misiri, [[Nijeriya]] na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]], bitatu mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika. Ibihugu by’Afurika byihuta mu bukungu byateye imbere cyane ku kigereranyo cy’isi. Ibihugu byambere mu 2007 birimo [[Moritaniya]]<nowiki/>yiyongereyeho 19.8%, [[Angola]] 17,6%, [[Sudani]] 9,6%, [[Mozambike]] kuri 7.9% na [[Malawi]] kuri 7.8%. Ibindi bihugu byateye imbere byihuse harimo [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Mozambike]], [[cade]], [[Nigeri|Nijer]]<nowiki/>i, [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[Etiyopiya]] Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, iterambere ryabaye ribi, riranadindira mu bice byinshi bya Afurika harimo [[Zimbabwe]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]] [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] . Inzego mpuzamahanga nyinshi zishishikajwe no gushora imari mu bukungu bwa Afurika bugenda buzamuka, cyane cyane ko Afurika ikomeje kuzamuka mu bukungu nubwo ubukungu bwifashe nabi ku isi . Igipimo cy’inyungu ku ishoramari muri Afurika kuri ubu nicyo kiri hejuru mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Kugabanya imyenda bikemurwa n’ibigo bimwe na bimwe mpuzamahanga hagamijwe gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Afurika. Mu 1996, Umuryango w'abibumbye wateye inkunga gahunda y'ibihugu bikennye cyane (HIPC), nyuma iyo gahunda ifatwa na [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari|IMF]], Banki y'Isi ndetse [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|n'Ikigega Nyafurika gishinzwe iterambere]] ( [https://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/financial-products/african-development-fund AfDF]) mu buryo bwo gurangiza amadeni menshi (MDRI). Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013, iki gikorwa cyakuyeho kimwe cya kabiri cyimyenda ku bihugu 30 bya Afurika. === Ubwiyongere bw'ubucuruzi === Ubucuruzi bwateje imbere cyane ubukungu bwa Afurika mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 21. [[Ubushinwa]] [[Ubuhinde|n'Ubuhinde]] nibo bafatanyabikorwa b'ingenzi mu bucuruzi; 12.5% by'ibituruka muri Afurika byoherezwa mu Bushinwa, naho 4% byoherezwa mu Buhinde, ibingana na 5% by'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa naho 8% mu buhinde. Itsinda ry'ibihugu bitanu ( [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]], [[Malesiya|Maleziya]], [[Arabiya Sawudite]], [[Tayilande]], na [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu]] ) na ryo ni soko rikomeye cyane ku byo Afurika yohereza mu mahanga. === Ejo hazaza === [[File:Uganda_-_ad_on_van_in_Kampala.jpg|thumb|Amatangazo yamamaza ya terefone igendanwa, ashushanyije ku modoka, Kampala, Uganda .]] Ubukungu bwa Afurika, kwagura ubucuruzi, ubumenyi bw’icyongereza (ururimi rukoreshwa cyane mu bihugu byinshi byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara), guteza imbere gusoma no kwandika, kubona aho abaturage bakura amafaranga, ndetse n’abakozi bahendutse - biteganijwe ko bizakomeza gushyirwamo ingufu mu bihe biri imbere. Ubucuruzi hagati ya Afurika n'Ubushinwa bwageze kuri miliyari 166 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2011. Afurika izagira "inyungu zishingiye ku mubare wabaturage" mu 2035, igihe abakozi bayo bakiri bato bo munzego zitandukanye bazaba bafite abana bake ndetse n’umubare wabari mukiruhuko kizabukuru ari bake ugereranije n' [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] [[Burayi|n'Uburayi]] . Umubare w'abakozi bize nawo uri kuzamuka, hafi kimwe cya kabiri biteganijwe ko bazaba bafite amashuri yisumbuye mu 2020. Abaguzi nabo bakomeje kwiyongera muri Afurika kandi biteganijwe ko bizakomeza. Afurika ifite abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 90 bafite amafaranga yinjira mu rugo arenga amadorali y'Amerika 5,000 , bivuze ko bashobora gukoresha igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga binjiza mu mu kugura ibirenze ibikenewe. Uyu mubare biteganijwe ko ushobora kugera kuri miliyoni 128 muri 2020. Mu ruzinduko Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika [[Barack Obama]] yagiriye muri Afurika muri Nyakanga 2013, yatanze miliyari 7 z'amadolari ya Amerika yo kurushaho guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo no gukorana cyane n'abakuru b'ibihugu by'Afurika. Gahunda nshya yiswe Ubucuruzi bwafurika, igamije kuzamura ubucuruzi ku mugabane wa Afurika ndetse no hagati ya Afurika na Amerika, nayo yatangijwe na Obama. Gahunda nshya y’iterambere ry’ubukungu yatangijwe n’abanyamuryango b’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika bagera kuri 27 bagize bimwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ku mugabane w’Afurika, izarushaho guteza imbere ubukungu, imibereho myiza y'abaturage na politiki by’umugabane. Agace kigenga k’ubucuruzi nyafurika kazazamura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi hagati mu bihugu bigize umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika ndetse no ku mugabane wa Afurika . Ibi bizagabanya cyane gutegereza ibyo Afurika itumiza mu mahanga birimo ibikoresho fatizo. <ref>[https://au.int/en/cfta AfCFTA]</ref> Ikinyuranyo hagati y’ibihugu bikize n’ibikennye biteganijwe ko kizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka icumi iri imbere. <ref>The Economist, The African Century, March 28th 2020.</ref> === Kwihangira imirimo === Kwihangira imirimo ni urufunguzo rw'iterambere. Guverinoma zakagombye kwita kugushyiraho mategeko meza agenga ubucuruzi kugira ngo zishyigikire guteza imbere guhanga udushya. Muri 2019, inkunga yo gutangiza ishoramari yariyongereye igera kuri miliyari 1,3 z'amadolari. <ref>The Economist, "The African century", March 28th 2020.</ref> == Impamvu z'idindira ryubukungu mu myaka yashize == Imiterere ku budakemwa bw'ubukene bwa Afurika bwateje impaka ku mvano zabyo. Intambara n’imyivumbagatanyo, ruswa ikabije, n’ubutegetsi bubi nizo mpamvu z'ingenzi zitera idindira ry'ubukungu bw'Afurika. Ubukoloni bwa Afurika bwateye umutekano muke kubera intambara n'imyivuvagatanyo yaburangaga. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, Intambara y'ubutita no kwiyongera kwa ruswa no kwiheba kwabaturage nabyo byagize uruhare mu ihungabana ry' ubukungu bwa Afurika.  Nk’uko ikinyamakuru The Economist kibitangaza ngo ibintu by'ingenzi byateye ihungabana ry'ubukungu ni ruswa muri guverinoma, ihungabana rya politiki, ubukungu bw’abasosiyalisiti, na politiki ikumira ubucuruzi. <ref>The Economist, "The African century", March 28th 2020.</ref> === Ibikorwa Remezo === [[File:Map_of_Trans-African_Highways.PNG|thumb|350x350px|Umuhanda uhuza ibihugu by'Afurika]] Nk’uko abashakashatsi bo mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’amahanga babitangaza, kubura ibikorwa remezo mu bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere n'imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zituma ubukungu budindira ndetse bigakerereza no kugera ku ntego z'ikinyagihumbi (MDGs). Ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo no kubibungabunga birahenze, cyane cyane mu bihugu bidakora ku nyanja, ibyaro ndetse n’ibihugu bituwe cyane muri [[Afurika]] . Byaganiriweho ko ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryagize uruhare rurenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’iterambere rya Afurika hagati ya 1990 na 2005 kandi ko kongera ishoramari ari ngombwa kugira ngo iterambere ryiyongere kandi rikemure ubukene. Inyungu ku ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ni ingirakamaro cyane, ugereranije 30-40% by'ubukungu byinjirira mu ishoramari ryitumanaho (ICT), hejuru ya 40% mu mamashanyarazi, na 80% kumihanda . Muri Afurika, havugwa ko kugira ngo intego zikinyagihumbi (MDGs) zigerweho bitarenze 2015, ishoramari ry'ibikorwa remezo ryakenera kugera kuri 15% bya GDP (hafi miliyari 93 z'amadolari y'Amerika ku mwaka). Kugeza ubu, inkomoko yinkunga igenda itandukana cyane bitewe ninzego. Inzego zimwe ziganjemo amafaranga ya leta, izindi ziganjemo inkunga ziva mumahanga (ODA) naho izindi n'abashoramari bigenga. Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, Leta imwe ikoresha hafi miliyari 9.4 z'amadolari muri miliyari 24.9 z'amadorari. Mu kuhira ibihingwa, mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara, amafaranga hafi ya yose akoreshwa ava mu ngengo yimari ya leta; mu bijyanye nubwikorezi namashanyarazi igice kinini cy'ishoramari kiva mumafaranga ya leta ; mu ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, amazi n’isuku, igice kinini cy’ingengo yimari kiva mu bikorera no mu bigo byigenga. Inkunga yo hanze yavuye kuri miliyari 7 z'amadolari (2002) igera kuri miliyari 27 z'amadolari (2009). By'umwihariko, [[Ubushinwa]] bwagaragaye nk'umushoramari w'ingenzi. === Ubukoloni === [[File:Map_of_railways_in_Africa_1899.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Ikarita ya gari ya moshi ya Afurika, harimo inzira zateganijwe kandi zirimo kubakwa, ''Igitabo cy’umwaka wa Leta'', 1899.]] Ingaruka ku bukungu zatewe no gukoloniza Afurika zaganiriweho. Muri iki kibazo, ibitekerezo byatanzwe n’abashakashatsi, bamwe muri bo batekereza ko Abanyaburayi bagize ingaruka nziza kuri Afurika; abandi bemeza ko iterambere rya Afurika ryadindijwe n'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni. Igitekerezo kivuga ko idindira ry'ubukungu bwAfurika muri iki gihe riterwa ahanini n’ibikorwa byakomeje gukorwa n’ibihugu by’abakoloni kugira ngo umugabane ukomeze ukene. <ref>The Economist, "The African century", March 28th 2020.</ref> Intego nyamukuru yubutegetsi bwabakoloni muri Afrika n’ibihugu by’abakoloni by’Uburayi kwari ugukoresha umutungo kamere wumugabane wa Afurika ku giciro gito. Bamwe mu banditsi nka Walter Rodney mu gitabo cye kivuga ngo ''uko Uburayi bwakenesheje Afurika'', bavuga ko politiki ya gikoroni ari yo nyirabayazana w'ibibazo byinshi muri Afurika.  Abatavugarumwe nubukoloni bashinja abakoloni kuba barashyizeho amategeko akandandamiza abanyafurika, akabasuzuguza, akabatesha agaciro kandi agatuma batigirira ikizere. Abandi bahanga bize nyuma y’abakoloni , twavuga nka Frantz Fanon , nabo bashimangiye icyo gitekerezo; bavuze ko ingaruka nyazo z’ubukoloni ari imitekerereze yo hasi kandi ko gutegekwa n’ibihugu by’amahanga bitera imyumvire irambye yo kumva ko uri hasi kandi ko kugandukira ibihugu byuburayi bitera inzitizi mu gutera imbere no guhanga udushya. Gihamya yizo ngingo nuko ubu hari kuvuka igisekuru gishya cy’Abanyafurika kidafite ibyo ibitekerezo abakoloni bari barashyize mubanyafurika ba kera akaba ariyo mpamvu hari kuboneka impinduka mu bukungu muri iyi myaka. <ref>Nick Mead, [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/interactive/2012/may/28/african-economic-outlook-2012 "African Economic Outlook 2012"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 28 May 2012.</ref> Abahanga mu by'amateka LH Gann na Peter Duignan bavuze icyo Afurika ishobora kuba yarungukiye kubukoloni ari imyumvire y' uburinganire. Ubukoroni nubwo bwari bufite ibibi byinshi ariko bufatwa nkimwe mu moteri zakoreshejwe cyane mu gukwirakwiza umuco mu mateka y'isi". <ref>Lewis H. Gann and Peter Duignan, ''The Burden of Empire: A Reappraisal of Western Colonialism South of the Sahara''</ref> Ibi bitekerezo ariko, ntibivugwaho rumwe kandi byanzwe na bamwe babona ko nta kiza cy'ubukoloni. Umuhanga mu by'amateka yubukungu David Kenneth Fieldhouse yanze kugira aho abogamira, avuga ko ingaruka z’ubukoloni zari nke kandi ko intege nke nyamukuru zabakoloni zitari mu kudindiza iterambere nkana ahubwo intege nke zabo ziri mubyo bananiwe gukora. <ref>D. K. Fieldhouse, ''The West and the Third World''</ref> Niall Ferguson yemera ingingo ye ya nyuma, avuga ko intege nke z’abakoloni ari ''uko bananiwe kuzuza inshingano zabo''. <ref>[[Niall Ferguson]], Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World and Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire</ref> Isesengura ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika risanga ibihugu byigengaga nka Liberiya na Etiyopiya bitaragize ubukungu bwiza kurusha bagenzi babo bakoronijwe . By'umwihariko urwego rwubukungu kubahoze bakolonijwe n’abongereza rwari rwiza kuruta ibihugu byigengaga ndetse n’abahoze bakolonijwe n’Abafaransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/41656700/alexandra_hrituleac_thesis_1_dec.pdf |accessdate=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2016-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213041905/http://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/41656700/Alexandra_Hrituleac_thesis_1_DEC.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Ubukene bwo muri Afurika bwabayeho na mbere y'ubukoloni. Jared Diamond avuga ko Afurika yahoze ikennye kubera ibintu byinshi byagize ingaruka mu mateka yiterambere . Muri ibyo bintu harimo ubwinshi bwabaturage, kubura amatungo n’ibimera, hamwe nimiterere y'afurika,kuko ifite icyerekezo cy’amajyaruguru-Amajyepfo. Icyakora ibitekerezo bya Diamond byanenzwe na bamwe barimo James Morris Blaut . Umuhanga mu by'amateka John K. Thornton avuga ko Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara yari ikize kandi ko yateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga kugeza nibura mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi. <ref>Africa and Africans in the Formation of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (New York and London: Cambridge University Press, 1992, second expanded edition, 1998).</ref> Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko muri rusange Afurika yari ikennye kurusha isi yose mu mateka yayo, usibye ibice bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika. Urugero, Acemoglue na Robinson, bavuga ko igice kinini cya Afurika cyahoze gikennye cyane, ariko " Aksum, [[Gana]], Songhay, [[Mali]], na [[Zimbabwe]] .... birashoboka ko byari biteye imbere nk'ibindi bihugu byo muricyo gihe ku isi hose." <ref>Why is Africa Poor? (Economic History of Developing Regions Vol. 25: 2010)</ref> Abantu batari bake barimo Rodney na Joseph E. Inikori bavuze ko ubukene bwa Afurika mu ntangiriro y’abakoloni bwatewe ahanini n’igihombo cy’abaturage kijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’abacakara ndetse n’izindi mpinduka z’abaturage. <ref>Rodney, Walter. ''How Europe Underdeveloped Africa''. London: [[Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications]], 1972.</ref> Abandi nka JD Fage na David Eltis banze iki gitekerezo. <ref>David Eltis, ''Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade''</ref> === Indimi zitandukanye === [[File:TamaleGhana2.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Abantu bo muri Gana bafite amahirwe 8.1% yo kuba bahuje ururimi kavukire.]] Ibihugu bya Afrika bifite ibibazo byitumanaho biterwa nindimi zitandukanye. Ikigereranyo cya Greenberg kerekana ko amahirwe menshi aruko abantu babiri batoranijwe ku bushake baba bafite indimi kavukire zitandukanye. Ufashe ibihugu 25 bitandukanye ukurikije iki cyigereranyo, 18 (72%) ni Abanyafurika. Nyamara, usanga ururimi rwibanze rwa zaguverinoma, ibiganiro bya politiki, ibiganiro by’amasomo, n’ubuyobozi akenshi bikorwa mu rurimi rw’ibihugu byahoze byakoronije Afurika; [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]], cyangwa [[Igiporutigali|Igiporutugali]] .  === Ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bitekerezo === Igitekerezo remezo cyemeza ko ubutunzi n’iterambere ry’ibihugu bikomeye [[Burayi|by’Uburayi]], [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika y'Amajyaruguru]] na Aziya y'Iburasirazuba babukesha ubukene bw'isi yose, harimo na Afurika. Abahanga mu bukungu bashyigikiye iki gitekerezo bemeza ko uturere dukennye tugomba guhagarika umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu byateye imbere kugira ngo dutere imbere. <ref>See, for example, Frank, A. G. (1979), ''Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment'', New York: Monthly Review Press.; Köhler, G., and A. Tausch (2001), ''Global Keynesianism: unequal exchange and global exploitation'', Nova Publishers; Amin, S. (1976), ''Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism'', New York: Monthly Review Press.</ref> Ibitekerezo bidahwitse byo gukumira ubukungu mu bihugu byateye imbere bidindiza iterambere rya Afurika. Iyo ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere byasaruye umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ku giciro gito, muri rusange ntabwo byohereza hanze ku giciro kinini nkuko byari byitezwe. Ibikomoka k'ubuhinzi, ibiciro biri hejuru mu bitumizwa mu bihugu byateye imbere , cyane cyane ibyashyizweho n' ubuyapani, umuryango w' ubumwe bw'uburayi , Politiki rusange y'ubuhinzi, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika; ishami ry'ubuhinzi, ni zimwe mumpamvu zitera ibyo biciro. Imiterere yafurika nayo igira ingaruka kubyoherezwa hanze; amategeko ya leta zibihugu byinshi bya Afrika nayo abangamira ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubushakashatsi mu kubukungu rusange nku bwo Jane Shaw yakoze bwerekana ko gukumira ibicuruzwa bihungabanya iterambere ry’ubukungu. Abahinzi bahura nikumirwa ryibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biba ngombwa ko bakoresha amasoko yaho batuye bakabura amahirwe yo kujya kwisoko rinini kandi mpuzamahanga. ibyo bituma isoko riba rito, abahinzi bagacika intege zo guhanga udushya kandi bagahinga ibiribwa bike ibyo byose bikadindiza ubukungu. === Imiyoborere === Nubwo Afurika na Aziya byari byinjije amafaranga asa mu myaka ya za 1960, Aziya imaze kurenga Afurika, usibye ibihugu bike bikennye cyane kandi byugarijwe n'intambara nka [[Afuganisitani]] na [[Yemeni]] . Ishuri rimwe ry’ubukungu rivuga ko iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Aziya rishingiye ku ishoramari ryaho. Ruswa muri Afurika igizwe ahanini no gukuraho ubukungu buturuka ku bukode no kwimurira imari shingiro mumahanga aho gushora imari murugo; ndetse nimyumvire y'abanyagitugu b'Abanyafurika bafite konti za banki mu Busuwisi. Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Massachusetts Amherst bavuga ko kuva mu 1970 kugeza 1996, ingengo y'imari yavuye mu bihugu 30 byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yose hamwe ingana na miliyari 187 z'amadolari, arenga amadeni ibyo bihugu bifitiye amahanga. Abanditsi Leonce Ndikumana na James K. Boyce bavuga ko kuva mu 1970 kugeza 2008, imari shingiro yavuye mu bihugu 33 byo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara yose hamwe yari miliyari 700. Iri tandukaniro mu iterambere rihuye nigitekerezo cyatanzwe n'umuhanga mu bukungu Mancur Olson . Kubera ko leta zari zifite ubutegetsi buhindagurika kandi leta nshya zakunze kwambura imitungo abayobozi bazibanjirije, abayobozi babika umutungo wabo mu mahanga, kugira ngo batazawamburwa . Umunyagitugu wu munyekongo Mobutu Sese Seko yabaye ruharwa muri ruswa, n'icyenewabo, nyuma yo kunyereza hagati ya miliyari 4 na 15 zamadorali y'Amerika ku ngoma ye. Guverinoma z'abasosiyaliste zateye Marxisme, hamwe n'ivugurura ry'ubutaka, nazo zagize uruhare mu ihungabana ry'ubukungu muri Afurika. urugero, ubutegetsi bwa Robert Mugabe muri [[Zimbabwe]], cyane cyane ifatira ry’abahinzi b’abazungu, byatumye ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi bw’igihugu bwangirika, ahahoze ari kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye bya Afurika; Mugabe yari yarashyigikiwe nuburusiya [[Ubushinwa|n'Ubushinwa]] mugihe cy'intambara yo kubohora Zimbabwe . Muri [[Tanzaniya]], Perezida w’abasosiyaliste [[Julius Nyerere]] yeguye mu 1985 nyuma y’uko politiki ye yo guhuriza hamwe ubuhinzi mu 1971 itumye ubukungu bwangirika, inzara ikumirwa gusa n’inkunga nini yatanzwe nikigega mpuzamahanga cy'ubukungu n’ibindi bihugu by’amahanga. <ref>Philip Wayland Porter. Challenging nature: local knowledge, agroscience, and food security in Tanga.</ref> [[Tanzaniya]] yasigaye nka kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane kwisi kandi bishingiye ku mfashanyo, kandi byatwaye imyaka mirongo kugira ngo ikire. Kuva ishyaka ry’abasosiyalisiti ryavaho mu 1992, ikimukira muri demokarasi, Tanzaniya yagize iterambere ryihuse mu bukungu, yiyongeraho 6.5% muri 2017. <ref>http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/download.aspx</ref> === Inkunga z’amahanga === Kohereza ibiryo mugihe habaye ikibazo cyibura ryabyo ntabwo bikunze kugirwaho impaka muri rusange; ariko nkuko Amartya Sen yabigaragaje, inzara nyinshi ziterwa no kubura amafaranga aho kuba kubura ibiryo. Mu bihe nk'ibi, imfashanyo y'ibiribwa - bitandukanye n'inkunga y'amafaranga - igira ingaruka zo kwangiza ubuhinzi bwaho bayohereje kandi abahinzi bo mubihugu byiburengerazuba (uburayi) bakabyungukiramo kuko baba basabwa umusaruro mwinshi . Mu mateka, imfashanyo y'ibiribwa ifitanye isano cyane no gucuruza ibiribwa byinshi mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba kuruta ibikenewe mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere . Igitekerezo cy’imfashanyo cyanenzweho kubangamira ingamba z’ubucuruzi. Ibimenyetso bigenda byiyongera byerekana ko inkunga z’amahanga zatumye umugabane ukena. Umwe mu banenze cyane uburyo bwo guteza imbere imfashanyo ni umuhanga mu by'ubukungu Dambisa Moyo (impuguke mu by'ubukungu,umunyazambiya uba muri Amerika), yarwanyije igitekerezo cy’imfashanyo, yerekana uburyo inkunga z’amahanga zadindije iterambere ry’Afurika. Muri iki gihe, Afurika ihura n'ikibazo cyo gukurura inkunga z’amahanga mu turere dufite amafaranga menshi ava mubyacurujwe. Ikeneye andi mabwiriza agenga ubukungu no kugira uruhare rugaragara mubukungu bwisi. Kubera ko guhatanira inkunga z’amahanga mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigenda byiyongera, Afurika yagerageje gukomeza urugamba rwayo rwo gukumira inkunga z’amahanga ifata inshingano nyinshi ku rwego rw’akarere ndetse no kurwamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Afurika yashyizeho ' gahunda y'ibikorwa byafurika' mu rwego rwo kugira umubano mushya n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere kugira ngo basangire inshingano zijyanye no kuvumbura uburyo bwo kubona abashoramari b’abanyamahanga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.uneca.org/atpc/Work%20in%20progress/21.pdf |accessdate=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2011-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124214940/http://www.uneca.org/atpc/Work%20in%20progress/21.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Guhagarika ubucuruzi ni miryango myinshi == Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika niryo tsinda rinini mu bukungu mpuzamahanga ku mugabane wa Afurika . Intego z’uyu muryango zirimo gushyiraho agace k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye, ihuriro rya gasutamo, isoko rimwe, banki nkuru, n’ifaranga rimwe (reba ubumwe bw’imari nyafurika ), bityo hagashyirwaho ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’ifaranga rimwe . Gahunda iriho ni ugushirahourya [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’ubukungu bw'Afurika]] ufite ifaranga rimwe muri 2023. Banki nyafurika yishoramari igamije gushimangira iterambere. Gahunda y' umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika ikubiyemo kandi ikigega cy’imari nyafurika kiganisha kuri Banki Nkuru y'Afurika . Amashyaka amwe ashyigikiye iterambere ry’Afurika yunze ubumwe . Mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’amafaranga n’amabanki harimo: * Banki Nkuru y’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba * Banki y'ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati * Agace rusange k'ifaranga {{African Economic Community}} == Impinduka zubukungu nibibigaragaza == [[File:Africa-GDP.svg|thumb|350x350px|Ikarita ya Afrika ukurikije ibicuruzwa byinjira (GDP nominal) muri miliyari zamadorali y'Amerika (2008). <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#000000; color:white; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;200+</div>]] Nyuma yo guhungabana kubukungu bw’isi no kongera gusubira kumurongo mu 2009, mu2011 ubukungu bwa Afurika bwarangiritse kubera imyigaragambyo yo mubihugu by'abarabu nuko gutera imbere kumugabane kuragabanuka buva kuri 5% muri 2010 bugera kuri 3,4% muri 2011. Kubera iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Afurika y’amajyaruguru hamwe n’iterambere rirambye mu tundi duce tw'Afurika, byari biteganijwe ko iterambere ry’umugabane wa Afurika rizihuta kugera kuri 4.5% muri 2012 na 4.8% muri 2013.  ibibazo by'ubukungu bwisi bw'igihe gito byagumyeho kuko uburayi buhanganye nibibazo byimyenda bufite. Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa - by'ingenzi muri Afurika - byaraguye bitewe nabaguzi bake ndetse numusaruro mwinshi, kandi bishobora kugabanuka kurushaho. Ariko ibiciro biteganijwe ko bizaguma kurwego rwiza kubohereza ibicuruzwa muri Afrika. === Uturere === Ibikorwa by'ubukungu byongeye kwiyongera muri Afurika. Ariko, umuvuduko wo gukira nturi kurwego rumwe mubaturage bibihugu n'uturere. Ibihugu byohereza peteroli muri rusange birakize cyane kuruta ibihugu bitumiza peteroli. Afurika y'Iburengerazuba na Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nibyo bice bibiri byitwaye neza mu mwaka wa 2010. Ubucuruzi bw’Afurika bwadindijwe na politiki yo gukumirana hagati y'ibihugu n’uturere. N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo (COMESA), akarere gakomeye cyane mu bukungu, bwikubye inshuro esheshatu mu myaka icumi ishize kugeza mu 2012. Urugero, Gana na Kenya byateje imbere amasoko mu karere kubikoresho byubaka, nimashini, bitandukanye cyane n’ibicuruzwa by’amabuye y’ubuhinzi bigize igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Abaminisitiri b’ubucuruzi bo muri Afurika bemeye mu mwaka wa 2010 gushyiraho akarere k’ubucuruzi ka Pan-Afrika. Ibi bizagabanya imisoro y’ibihugu ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi byongere ubucuruzi bw’imbere muri Afurika, kandi ibi bitanga ikizere kubukungu butandukanye muri rusange. [[File:Worlds_regions_by_total_wealth(in_trillions_USD),_2018.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Uturere twisi ukurikije ubutunzi bwose (muri trillioni z'amadorali y'Amerika), 2018]] [[File:Countries_by_total_wealth_(trillions_USD),_Credit_Suisse.png|thumb|250x250px|Ibihugu ukurikije ubutunzi bwuzuye ]] [[File:CountriesByGDPPerCapitaNominal2018.png|right|thumb|250x250px|Ibihugu ukurikije umusaruro rusange kuri buri muntu mu 2018 <ref>Based on the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] data. If no data was available for a country from IMF, data from the [[World Bank]] is used.</ref>]] == Inzego z'ubukungu n'inganda == Kubera ko Afurika yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ikomeje ahanini gushingira ku bikoresho fatizo, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bihura n'ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa. Ibi byongerera umugabane kwibasirwa n’ihungabana ryo hanze kuyindi migabane kandi bigashimangira ibikenerwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubucuruzi bwa serivisi, cyane cyane ingendo n’ubukerarugendo, bwakomeje kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2012, bishimangira imbaraga z’umugabane muri uru rwego. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> === Ubuhinzi === [[File:2DU_Kenya_86_(5367322642).jpg|right|thumb|Umuhinzi wo muri [[Kenya]] ku kazi mu karere ko kumusozi waKenya]] Mu gihe ibihugu by'Afurika byohereza ibihingwa mu Burengerazuba, abaturage b'Afurika amamiriyoni bicwa ninzara bitewe n’ibihugu byateye imbere birimo Ubuyapani, [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] na Amerika. Ibi bihugu birinda urwego rw’ubuhinzi bigakumira amahoro menshi yibitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bigatanga inkunga ku bahinzi babo,<ref>[[Caplan, Gerald (2008). The Betrayal of Africa. Groundwood Books. p. 93. ISBN 9780888998255.]]</ref>bigatuma habaho umusaruro mwinshi cyane w’ibicuruzwa nk’ingano, ipamba n’amata. Ingaruka zibi nuko igiciro cyibicuruzwa nkibi gikomeza kugabanuka kwisi kugeza igihe abanyafurika badashoboye guhangana kwisoko, usibye ibihingwa byera muri Afurika gusa. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> Mu myaka yashize ibihugu nka [[Burezile|Berezile]] byabonye umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uri hejuru, byemeye gusangira ikoranabuhanga na Afurika mu kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ku mugabane wa Afurika kugira ngo ube umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi ukomeye. Kongera ishoramari mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhinzi muri Afurika muri rusange bifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubukene muri Afurika. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> Isoko ryabakeneye kakawo nyafurika ryarazamutse cyane n’ibiciro birazamuka mu 2008. Guverinoma ya Nijeriya, Afurika y'Epfo na Uganda zakuye inyungu ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi byashakishwaga cyane kwisoko kandi bashyira ingufu mu kuzamura urwego rw’ubuhinzi. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika urateganya gushora imari cyane mu buhinzi bwa Afurika kandi ibyo bikurikiranirwa hafi bikanashyigikirwa na Loni. === Ingufu z'amashanyarazi === [[File:Greater_Cape_Town_12.02.2007_16-41-31.2007_16-41-33.JPG|right|thumb|Sitasiyo ya Athlone i Cape Town, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]]]] [[File:Sub-Saharan-Africa-Mean-Wind-Speed-Global-Wind-Atlas.png|thumb|Umuvuduko wumuyaga Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. ]] [[File:Sub Saharan Africa GHI Solar-resource-map GlobalSolarAtlas World-Bank-Esmap-Solargis.png|thumb|agace gashyuha muri Afrika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. ]] Afurika ifite umutungo kamere wo kubyara ingufu z'amashanyarazi muburyo butandukanye ( ingomero z'amazi, ibigega bya peteroli na gaze, umusaruro wamakara, umusaruro wa iraniyumu, ingufu zishobora kubaho nkizuba, umuyaga na geothermal). Kubura iterambere ryibikorwa remezo muri iki gihe bivuze ko hakoreshwa bike muri ibyo byavuzwe haruguru. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> Abakoresha amashanyarazi menshi muri Afurika ni Afurika y'Epfo, Libiya, Namibiya, Misiri, Tuniziya, na Zimbabwe, buri wese akoresha hagati ya kilowati 1000 na 5000 kuri metero kare ku muntu, bitandukanye na Etiyopiya, [[Eritereya]], na Tanzaniya, aho gukoresha amashanyarazi kuri buri muntu bikiri hasi cyane. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli na peteroli ubwayo byoherezwa hanze nibihugu 14 bya Afurika. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli na peteroli byagize 46,6% by’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze n'Afurika mu 2010; icya kabiri Afurika yohereza hanze ni gaze karemano, ibingana na 6.3% by’ibyo Afurika yohereza hanze ni gaze. === Ibikorwa Remezo === [[File:Lagos_Island.jpg|thumb|Lagos, Nijeriya, umujyi munini muri Afurika]] Kubura ibikorwa remezo ni inzitizi kubucuruzi bwa Afrika. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> Nubwo Afurika ifite ibyambu byinshi, kubura ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu byongera 30-40% kubiciro, ku byambu bitandukanye bya Aziya. Imishinga ya gari ya moshi yabaye ingenzi mu turere ducukura amabuye y'agaciro guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi watangiye gutekerezwaho mugihe cyabakoloni, ukorwa mugihe cya nyuma yubukoloni. Jedwab na Storeygard bemeje ko kuva muri 1960 kugeza 2015 hari isano rikomeye hagati yishoramari ryubwikorezi niterambere ryubukungu. Politiki ikomeye yari igizwe no kwishyira hamwe kwa mbere yubukoloni, gucamo ibice byamoko, gutura i Burayi, ubwigenge ku umutungo kamere, na demokarasi. <ref>Remi Jedwab & Adam Storeygard, "Economic and Political Factors in Infrastructure Investment: Evidence from Railroads and Roads in Africa 1960–2015" ''Economic History of Developing Regions'' 34#2 (Summer 2019) Pages: 156-208 DOI: 0.1080/20780389.2019.1627190 data covers 43 sub-Saharan countries. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20780389.2019.1627190 abstract]</ref> Ibikorwa remezo byinshi binini birakomeje muri Afrika. Kugeza ubu, imishinga myinshi iri mu gukora no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Indi mishinga myinshi iri mugukora imihanda ya kaburimbo, gari ya moshi, ibibuga byindege, nibindi byubaka. Ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho nabyo biri kwiyongera muri Afrika. Nubwo interineti iri gutera imbere muyindi migabane, iracyari kuri 9% muri Afurika. Mu 2011, byagereranijwe ko telefoni zigendanwa 500.000.000 z'ubwoko bwose zakoreshwaga muri Afurika, harimo terefone 15,000,000 " zigezweho ". === Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na peteroli === Inganda zamabuye y'agaciro muri Afrika nizimwe mu nganda nini ku isi. Afurika ni umugabane wa kabiri munini, ufite kilometero kare miliyoni 30 z'ubutaka, bivuzeko ifite umutungo kamere munini. <ref name="Monthly-Review-51-03-Saul-Leys">John J. Saul and Colin Leys, [http://monthlyreview.org/1999/07/01/sub-saharan-africa-in-global-capitalism Sub-Saharan Africa in Global Capitalism], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 1999, Volume 51, Issue 03 (July–August)</ref> <ref name="Monthly-Review-Magdoff-65-06">Fred Magdoff, [http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs: Accumulation by Agricultural Dispossession], ''[[Monthly Review]]'', 2013, Volume 65, Issue 06 (November)</ref> Mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, ubucukuzi bw'ibinombe n’umusaruro wabyo bigize igice kinini cy’ubukungu bwabyo kandi bikomeza kuba urufunguzo rw’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza. Afurika ikize kumabuye y'agaciro kandi iza ku mwanya wa mbere cyangwa uwa kabiri kwisi kuri bauxite, cobalt, diyama yo mu nganda, urutare rwa fosifate, ibyuma bya platine (PGM), vermiculite, na zirconium . Ubucukuzi bwa zahabu niwo mutungo nyamukuru wa Afurika.  === Inganda === Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ndetse [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|n’Umuryango w’abibumbye]] bagaragaje gahunda yerekana uburyo Afurika ishobora kwifasha mu nganda no guteza imbere inganda zikomeye ku rwego rujyanye n’ubukungu bwa Afurika mu myaka ya za 1960 hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo mu kinyejana cya 21. kwibanda ku kuzamura umusaruro wibintu bitandukanye munganda, ndetse numusaruro w’ubuhinzi, byatanze icyizere ko ikinyejana cya 21 kizaba ikinyejana cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga muri Afurika. Ibi byiringiro, hamwe nizamuka ryabayobozi bashya muri Afurika mu bihe biri imbere, byatumye habaho ijambo " ikinyejana cy'Afurika ", bisobanuye ko ikinyejana cya 21 ari ikinyejana imirimo myinshi, imari shingiro, hamwe n’umutungo by'Afurika bishobora kuba aribyo isi izaba ishingiyeho. [[File:Soucreye_Sidi_Bennour.jpg|left|thumb|Uruganda rw'isukari rwa Soucreye muri Sidi Bennour, muri [[Maroke|Maroko]]]] Ibi byiringiro byo mu nganda bifashwa n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Namibia yakuruye ishoramari mu nganda mu myaka yashize ndetse n'Afurika y'Epfo yatangiye gutanga imisoro yo gukurura imishinga ishora imari itaziguye mu nganda. Ibihugu nka Maurice bifite gahunda yo guteza imbere "ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije" munganda. Iterambere nkiryo rifite amahirwe menshi yo gufungura amasoko mashya mubihugu bya Afrika kuko hateganijwe ko hazakenerwa ikoranabuhanga ryiza ritangiza ibidukikije mu gihe kiri imbere kuko ibigega bya peteroli ku isi biri gukama kandi ikoranabuhanga rishingiye kuri peteroli rikaba rigenda rita agaciro mu bukungu. Nijeriya mu myaka yashize yateje imbere inganda, Kurubu ifite uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga kavukire, ''Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing (IVM)'' rugakora Bisi yihuta, Amakamyo na SUV hamwe nimodoka zindi nshyashya . Ibirango bitandukanye byabo byimodoka biraboneka muri Nigeriya, Gana no mubindi bihugu bya Afrika yuburengerazuba. Nijeriya kandi ifite abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka Zinox, mudasobwa ya mbere ifite ikirango cya Nigeriya. Muri 2013, Nijeriya yashyizeho politiki yerekeye imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ishishikarize amasosiyete afite inganda muri icyo gihugu. Ni muri urwo rwego, amwe mu masosiyete akora ibinyabiziga byo mu mahanga nka Nissan yamenyesheje gahunda zabo zo kugira inganda zikorera muri Nijeriya. Usibye ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibinyabiziga, abaguzi benshi, imiti, ibyo kwisiga, ibikoresho byo kubaka, imyenda, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, plastiki n'ibindi nabyo bikorerwa muri icyo gihugu kandi byoherezwa mu bindi bihugu byo mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika na Afurika muri rusange. Muri iki gihe Nijeriya niyo ikora sima nyinshi muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Dangote Cement Factory, Obajana ni rwo ruganda runini rwa sima mu munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ogun niyo ifatwa nk'ihuriro ry’inganda muri Nijeriya (kubera ko inganda nyinshi ziherereye muri Ogun ndetse n’amasosiyete menshi yimukirayo), igakurikirwa na Lagos . Urwego rwinganda ruracyari ruto ariko ruri gukura muri Afrika yuburasirazuba. Inganda nyamukuru harimo urwimyenda , urutunganya impu, ubuhinzi, ibikomoka ku miti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’imodoka. Ibihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba nka Uganda nabyo bikora moto zigurishwa kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu. === Ishoramari n'amabanki === [[File:South_Africa-Johannesburg-Skyline02.jpg|thumb|Ibigo byinshi byimari bifite ibiro mumujyi wa Johannesburg, muri Afrika yepfo .]] Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde byagaragaje ubushake mukugira uruhare ku bukungu bwa Afurika mu kinyejana cya 21. Ishoramari ry’ubufatanye hagati ya Afurika n'Ubushinwa ryariyongereye cyane mu myaka yashize mu gihe ubukungu bwifashe nabi ku isi. Ishoramari ry'ubushinwa ryariyongereye muri Afurika bituma Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nawo ushaka kongera ishoramari. Abanyamuryango ba diyasipora nyafurika mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika, bongereye imbaraga zo gukoresha ubucuruzi bwabo mu gushora imari muri Afurika no gushishikariza ishoramari nyafurika mu mahanga mu bukungu bw’Uburayi. Kohereza amafaranga muri dyiasipora nyafurika no kongera inyungu mu ishoramari riva mu Burengerazuba bizafasha cyane cyane ubukungu bwa Afurika butaratera imbere kandi bwangiritse cyane nk'Uburundi, Togo na Comoros. Icyakora, abahanga barinubira amafaranga menshi agira mu kohereza amafaranga muri Afurika kubera ko Western Union na MoneyGram bigenzura isoko ryohereza amafaranga muri Afurika, bigatuma Afurika ari isoko ryo kohereza amafaranga ahenze ku isi. Abahanga bamwe bavuga ko amafaranga menshi yo gutunganya ajyanye no kohereza amafaranga muri Afurika abangamira iterambere ry’ibihugu bya Afurika. Angola yatangaje ko ishishikajwe no gushora imari mu bihugu by’Uburayi,cyane cyane Porutugali. Afurika y'Epfo yakunze kwitabwaho na Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika mwishoramari ryinganda, ku isoko ry'imari no mu bucuruzi buciriritse, kimwe na Liberiya mu myaka yashize iyobowe n'ubuyobozi bwayo bushya. Hariho ibigo bibiri by'ubumwe bw’ifaranga ry'Afurika: Banki y'Afurika yiburengerazuba hamwe na banki y'Afurika yo hagati. yombi akoresha amafaranga ya CFA (akoreshwa n'ibihugu byakoronijwe n'abafaransa) ku masoko yabo yemewe. Igitekerezo cy’ubumwe bw’ifaranga rimwe muri Afurika cyaremejwe, kandi gahunda zirahari kugira ngo bizagerweho mu 2020, nubwo ibibazo byinshi, nko kuzana igipimo cy’ifaranga ry’umugabane munsi ya 5%, bikomeje kuba inzitizi mu gushyira mubikorwa iyi gahunda. ==== Ivunjisha ==== [[File:Bvmt_headquarters.JPG|right|thumb|Icyicaro gikuru cya Bourse de Tunis i Tunisi, muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]]]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, Afurika ifite imigabane 23, ikubye kabiri iyo yari ifite imyaka 20 ishize. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ivunjisha ryimigabane nyafurika riracyari munsi ya 1% yibikorwa byimigabane kwisi. Uko Ivunjisha rifashe mubihugu icumi bya mbere muri Afurika n’imari shingiro (amafaranga atangwa muri miliyari y'amadorari y'Amerika): * Afurika y'Epfo (82.88) (2014) * Misiri biliyoni 73.04 (30 Ugushyingo 2014 est. )) * Maroc (5.18) * Nijeriya (5.11) (Mubyukuri ifite agaciro k'isoko rya biliyoni 39.27) * Kenya (1.33) * Tuniziya (0.88) * BRVM (ivunjisha mu karere kagizwe nabanyamuryango barimo Benin, Burkina Faso, Gineya-Bissau, Coryte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegali na Togo: 6.6) * Maurice (0.55) * Botswana (0.43) * Gana (.38) Hagati ya 2009 na 2012, ibigo 72 byose byaratangijwe ,ku isoko ry’imigabane mu bihugu 13 bya Afurika. == Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi n’imiryango myinshi == Intego z’iri huriro zirimo gushyiraho agace k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye, ihuriro rya gasutamo, isoko rimwe, banki nkuru, n’ifaranga rimwe (reba ubumwe bw’imari nyafurika ), bityo hagashyirwaho ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’ifaranga rimwe. Gahunda iriho ni ugushiraho [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika]] ufite ifaranga rimwe muri 2023. Banki nyafurika ishora imari igamije gushimangira iterambere. Gahunda ya Afurika yunze ubumwe ikubiyemo kandi ikigega cy’imari nifaranga nyafurika kiganisha kuri Banki Nkuru y'Afurika . Amashyaka amwe ashyigikiye iterambere ry’Afurika yunze ubumwe . Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’amafaranga n’amabanki igizwe na: * Banki Nkuru y’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba * Banki y'ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati * Agace gasanzwe k'ifaranga {{African Economic Community}} === Amashyirahamwe yubukungu yakarere === Mu myaka ya za 1960, umunyapolitike wo muri [[Gana]] Kwame Nkrumah yazamuye ubumwe bw’ubukungu na politiki by’ibihugu bya Afurika, akaba yari afite intego yo kwigenga. Kuva icyo gihe, intego, nimiryango yigenga, byaragwiriye. Mu myaka mirongo ishize imbaraga zariyongereye mu nzego zitandukanye mu guhuza ubukungu mu karere. Ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika bwari bugizwe na 11% gusa by’ubucuruzi rusange bwa Afurika mu 2012, nukuvuga inshuro eshanu ugereranije no muri Aziya. Ibyinshi muri ubu bucuruzi bwo hagati muri Afurika bikomoka muri Afurika yepfo kandi ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri Afurika yepfo. Muri iki gihe hari imiryango umunani yo mu karere ifasha mu iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Afurika: {| class="wikitable" !Izina ryumuryango ! Itariki washinzweho ! Ibihugu bigize umuryango ! Igiteranyo rusange (muri miliyoni z'amadolari y'Amerika) |- | Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba | 28 Gicurasi 1975 | [[Bene|Benin]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verde]], [[Gambiya]], [[Gana]], [[Gineya-Biso|Gineya-Bissau]], [[Gineya]], [[Kote Divuwari|Coryte d'Ivoire]], [[Liberiya]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Senegali]], [[Siyera Lewone]], [[Togo]] | 657 |- | [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] | 30 Ugushyingo 1999 | [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya]] | 232 |- | [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati|Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati]] | 18 Ukwakira 1983 | [[Angola]], [[Uburundi]], [[Kameruni]], [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], [[Kongo]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Gabon]], [[Gineya]], [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], [[Cade|Tchad]] | 289 |- | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo]] | 17 Kanama 1992 | [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Eswatini|Eswatini (Swaziland)]], [[Lesoto|Lesotho]], [[Madagasikari]], [[Malawi]], [[Morise|Maurice]], [[Mozambike|Mozambique]], [[Namibiya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Seyishele|Seychelles]], Afurika y'Epfo, [[Tanzaniya]], [[Zambiya]], [[Zimbabwe]] | 909 |- | Inzego za Leta ku iterambere | 25 Ugushyingo 1996 | [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Somaliya]], [[Sudani]], Sudani y'Amajyepfo | 326 |- | Umuryango w’ibihugu bya Sahel-Sahara | 4 Gashyantare 1998 | [[Bene|Benin]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], [[Komore|Comoros]], [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], Misiri, [[Eritereya]], [[Gambiya]], [[Gana]], [[Gineya]], [[Gineya-Biso|Gineya-Bissau]], [[Kote Divuwari|Coryte d'Ivoire]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Libiya]], [[Mali]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|São Tomé na Príncipe]], [[Senegali]], [[Siyera Lewone]], [[Somaliya]], [[Sudani]], [[Cade|Tchad]], [[Togo]], [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] | 1, 692 |- | Isoko Rusange muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo | 5 Ugushyingo 1993 | [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Komore|Comoros]], [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], Misiri, [[Eritereya]], [[Eswatini|Eswatini (Swaziland)]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Madagasikari]], [[Malawi]], [[Morise|Mauritius]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Seyishele|Seychelles]], [[Sudani]], [[Zambiya]], [[Zimbabwe]] | 1.011 |- | Ubumwe bw'Abarabu Maghreb | 17 Gashyantare 1989 | [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Libiya]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] | 579 |} == Ibindi wareba == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-3}} * [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]] * [[Africa–China economic relations]] * [[African Economic Community]] * [[African Economic Outlook]] * [[Demographics of Africa]] * [[Economic history of Africa]] * [[Land grabbing]] * [[Languages of Africa]] {{Col-3}} * [[List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty]] * [[List of countries by Human Development Index]] * [[Central banks and currencies of Africa]] * [[List of countries by credit rating]] * [[List of countries by future gross government debt]] * [[List of countries by public debt]] * [[List of countries by leading trade partners]] * [[List of countries by industrial production growth rate]] {{Col-3}} * [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)]] * [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita]] * [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]] * [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]] * [[List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita]] * [[List of countries by tax revenue as percentage of GDP]] * [[List of countries by GDP growth]] {{Col-end}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|30em}} == Imiyoboro == * Economy of Africa at Curlieonomy of Africa at Curlie * [http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,484603,00.html Igihe c'Ikiyoka: Ubushinwa bwatsinze Afurika] * [http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/07/25/chinas-increasing-african-presence/ Igitabo cya Howard W. Igifaransa "Umugabane wa kabiri w'Ubushinwa" - Ku Bushinwa bugenda bwiyongera muri Afurika] * [http://fpif.org/obama-africa/ Gufungura umuryango] ''w’ibihugu'' [http://fpif.org/obama-africa/ byinshi kugirango ukure umutungo wa Afurika], ''Politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100906203320/http://www.fondad.org/publications/africaworld/contents.htm Afurika mu bukungu bwisi: ibibazo byigihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga] by Jan Joost Teunissen na Age Akkerman * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062436/http://www.osisa.org/sites/default/files/sup_files/africa_-_living_on_the_fringe_0.pdf Afurika: Kubaho kuruhande], ''Isubiramo rya buri kwezi .'' Samir Amin atanga isesengura rya Marxiste ku kibazo cy’ubukungu cya Afurika gikomeje * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/africa/05/africa_economy/html/poverty.stm BBC: Ubukungu bwa Afurika] * [http://www.oecd.org/dev/publications/africanoutlook OECD ikora ku bukungu bwa Afurika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040923121852/http://www.africaeconomicanalysis.org/ Isesengura ry'ubukungu muri Afurika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041110105825/http://www.weforum.org/site/homepublic.nsf/Content/Africa+Economic+Summit+2004 Ihuriro ry’ubukungu ku isi - Afurika] * [http://www.afdb.org/ Itsinda rya Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere] * [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2003/02/index.htm IMF Iterambere ry'ubukungu ku isi (WEO) - Nzeri 2003 - Umwenda rusange mu masoko avuka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030803140603/http://damnsw.net/~matt/pdf/africa.pdf Ururimi na Afurika] * [http://www.economist.com/world/africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7089006 Ubukungu bwa Afurika: Urumuri rw'umucyo amaherezo?] - The Economist * [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/WBI/WBIPROGRAMS/KFDLP/0,,contentMDK:21002841~menuPK:2792491~pagePK:64156158~piPK:64152884~theSitePK:461198,00.html Afurika n'Ubukungu bw'Ubumenyi] - Raporo y'Ikigo cya Banki y'Isi . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070509005812/http://www.guinea.aha.ru/ Isesengura ry'ubukungu muri Afurika yo hagati] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081015002050/http://www.ipsnews.net/new_focus/trade_af_eu/index.asp Kuva Mubufasha Kugana na Afrika] Amakuru nisesengura na Inter Press Service * [http://www.democracynow.org/2009/8/12/land Iterambere ry’Afurika Ryabujijwe n’inyungu rusange z’Abanyamerika mu mutungo w’umugabane] - raporo ya videwo na ''Demokarasi Noneho!'' * [http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552501 Afurika: Kujya imbere cyangwa gusubira inyuma?] kuva kuri [https://web.archive.org/web/20120312184049/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/549457 Dean Peter Krogh Ububanyi n’amahanga Ububiko bwa Digital] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5gvfdkfqhf5ohvk1zzvvdwx3s20466c 0 8451 73342 2020-09-24T14:50:06Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Wikimedia Commons]] to [[Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju]]: Mistakenly put a wrong article titile wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju]] 27x28vr7gd8dihm7u9fo7iab0fv4lhf 0 8452 79207 73351 2021-08-31T12:28:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gashora Girls Academy.jpg|thumb]] '''Gashora''' numwe mumirenge Cumi Nitanu(15) igize [[akarere ka Bugesera]] Muntara y'[[IBurasirazuba|iBurasirazuba.]]Akaba ari umurenge ufite ubunini bungana 98.8 kilometero kare(98.8Km2), Mwibarura ryomuri 2012 ryakozwe n'ikigo cyigihugu cy'ibarurisha mibare cyagaragaje ko uyumurenge utuwe nabaturage Ibihumbi cumi nabitatu magana inani mirongo icyenda nabaridwi(13,897) Akaba ari umurenge ubarizwamo ikigo kishuri cya [https://www.ggast.org/about Gashora Girls Academy] bimwe mubyiza byuyu m'urenge akaba ari nk'ifamu yamafi ihabarizwa ya [https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g5970461-d12966750-Reviews-Lakeside_Fish_Farm-Gashora_Eastern_Province.html Lakeside Fish farm].Ubukungu bwuyu murenge bukaba ahanini bushingiye Kubuhinzi aho byibura benshi mubaturage buyu murenge batuzwe nabwo. [[Dosiye:BugeseraDist.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Bugesera]] 784h8f1139lxnn50donvgkl3llssw9m 0 8453 77701 77244 2021-08-15T10:58:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kiramuruzi.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Kiramuruzi mu akarere ka Gatsibo]] '''Kiramuruzi''' ni umurenge uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|karere ka Gatsibo]] mu ntara y'iburasirazuba<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gatsibo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-09-25 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024135910/https://gatsibo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. kdy5brmndyj0s5cmtucvfqooj6tjoxc 0 8454 82047 82046 2022-02-16T12:27:12Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Ubuzima bwambere nuburere */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ange Kagame 2014.jpg|thumb|Ange Kagame 2014]] '''Ange Kagame''' ni umwana wa kabiri akaba n'umukobwa w'ikinege wa [[Paul Kagame]], perezida w'u [[Rwanda]] . Yagize uruhare mu mpamvu zirimo kongerera ubushobozi abagore, uburezi, no guca ubukene, ndetse n'ubukangurambaga bukingira imbaga. Yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma<ref>Dec 29, 2018 Ange Kagame Engaged |url|=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411230713/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/kagames-daughter-africas-hottest-spinster-off-the-market-photos</ref> bakaba barabyaranye umwana w'umukobwa<ref>https://igicumbinews.co.rw/ange-kagame-umwana-wa-perezida-paul-kagame-yibarutse/</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Kagame yavutse ku ya 8 Nzeri 1993 i Buruseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Se ni Paul Kagame, [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa]] gatandatu [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] kandi akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishyaka ryinshi [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|ry’u Rwanda rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]] . Nyina Jeannette Nyiramongi numudamu wa mbere wa Repubulika yu [[Rwanda]] . Nkumukobwa wambere wa perezida, afite imbaraga zisanzwe nimbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zikomeye. Kagame yarangije amashuri ye mu mahanga kandi ntiyigeze aboneka mu ruhame mubwana bwe bwose kubera umutekano n’ibanga. Yize mu ishuri rya Dana Hall, ishuri ryigenga riherereye i Wellesley, muri Massachusetts muri Amerika. Yize muri Smith College aho yize ibijyanye na siyanse ya politiki hamwe nibindi bijyanye no kwiga ibijyanye na Afurika. Afite kandi Masters mu bibazo mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Columbia Kagame ashobora kuvuga indimi eshatu, Icyongereza, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], n'Igifaransa. == Ibindi bikorwa == [[File:President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Paul_Kagame,_President_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda,_and_his_daughter.jpg|thumb|Ange Kagame (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo) hamwe na Perezida [[Barack Obama]] (ibumoso), Nyakubahwa [[Paul Kagame]], Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda (uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso), na Madamu wa Perezida Michelle Obama (iburyo).]] Muri 2014, Kagame yaherekeje se muri [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] gusangira na [[Barack Obama|Perezida Barack Obama]] . Iri funguro ryari mu nama y’iminsi itatu y’abayobozi b’Amerika - Afurika y’abayobozi bateranye muri Kanama uwo mwaka, aho abayobozi b’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bahuriye kugira ngo baganire ku bucuruzi, ishoramari n’umutekano by’umugabane. <ref>Dec 30, 2015 Ange Kagame speaks of forgiveness |url|=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LIjZDt-tUU</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Kagame ni umwana wa kabiri mukuru ufite abandi bavandimwe batatu, Ivan Cyomoro, Ian Kagame, na Brian Kagame. Numufana wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] [[Umupira w’amaguru|numupira wamaguru]], akurikira Boston Celtics na Arsenal . Ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2019, mu kigo cyitwa Intare Conference Center i Kigali, Ange yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma. == Reba kandi == * Amateka y'u Rwanda * Politiki yo mu Rwanda {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umwana w'umukuru w'igihugu]] nbbub0i9hvfgsshjugedbi9lyby93vd 0 8455 79191 77370 2021-08-31T11:34:57Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali_Nziza.jpg|thumb|Kigali Nziza]] kigali master plan yahawe izina "KIGALI YACU" ikaba ijyanye n' intego za [[:en:United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme|UNHABITAT]] kandi ikaba y uzuzanya n intego za ([[:en:United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group|UNSDGs]]) SMEC company ishamikiye kuri Surbana Jurong ifite intego yo kujyira kigali umujyi w' abaturage.<ref>https://www.smec.com/what-we-do/projects/Kigali-Master-Plan-2050</ref> Iki gishushanyo mbonera ni ishusho yahazaza ha [[Kigali]] kandi kikaba n’umuyoboro w’ uko tuzajyera ku kerecyezo cy’ ahazaza iki gishushanyo mbonera gikubiyemo gahunda y’ igihe kirekire isobanutse izafasha mw’ iterambere no kwaguka kwa Kigali. Iki gishanyo mbonera cy’ umujyi gifite intumbero y’ imyaka 30 nukuvuga kuva muri 2020 kujyeza muri 2050 aho abatuye Kigali bazaba bangana na  miliyoni 3.8 bavuye kuri million 1.6. iyi master plan nshyashya yatashwe taliki ya 04 zu kwa 09 2020 yaje isimbura iyari imaze ijyihe dore ko yo yari yarashyizwe kumugaragaro mu 2013. [[Dosiye:Kigali city.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|kigali city]] Mu bishya biri muri icyi gishushanyo mbonera gishya harimo inyito nshyashya zitabaga mucya 2013, hakabamo ikomatanyabikorwa ku mikoreshereze y’ubutaka aho ubutaka bushobora gukorerwamo ibintu byinshi icyarimwe cyangwa bisimburana. == Akamaro == iyi master plan izafasha abatuye muri Kigali kubaho mubuzima bwiza kurushaho, bubereye umuntu uba mu mujyi, abantu batuye mu nyubako runaka bazajya babonamo n’ibiro bakoreramo, hari aho bahahira, za resitora, aho bidagadurira, bivuriza, bigira, hari na serivisi z’itumanaho n’amabanki. ikaba izaha icyerekezo abatuye Kigali nabahafite ibikorwa cyuko bazakoresha ubutaka bwabo, uko bazakomeza imishinga bahakorera, nibindi bikorwa bajyendeye kuri iki gishushanyo mbonera (master plan) cya Kigali<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/</ref> icyi gishushanyo kizafasha gutuza abaturage neza hirindwa akajagari == Kunva iki gishushanyo mbonera == Imihanda igomba kubamo ibice bitandukanye birimo inzira z’imodoka zisanzwe, inzira za bisi nini zitwara abagenzi mu buryo bwihuse (Bus Rapid Transport/BRT), inzira zagenewe amagare na moto, ndetse n’igice cyagenewe abagenda n’amaguru. iyi master plan yakozwe na societe yo muri Singapore yitwa [[:en:Surbana_Jurong|Surbana Jurong]] Group <ref>https://www.smec.com/what-we-do/projects/Kigali-Master-Plan-2050</ref> [[File:Kigali hills.jpg|thumb|kigali nziza]] buri muturage kandi ashobora kureba iki gishushanyo mbonera akoresheje ikoranabuhanga anyuze kurubuga rwa interinet rwiki jyishushanyo arirwo <nowiki>https://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/</nowiki> aho ashobora gushakisha amakuru arebana n’ ikibanza cye akoreshe nomero y’ ikibanza (UPI) ishingira ku bibazo n’imibereho yari isanzwe ihari kujyira ngo itange inama n imirongo njyenderwaho kujyira ngo tuzajyere kuri Kigali nziza kandi yihuta mw iterembere Mugutegura iki gishushanyo mbonera hibanzwe kubibazo bine byingenzi 1.    Kigali iri hehe ubu? 2.    Kigali yajyeze aho iri gute? 3.    Kigali izaba imeze ite ahazaza? 4.    Izahajyera ite? '''Ubutaka bwagabanyijwemo ibyiciro 9''' - Hari ubutaka bwagenewe inzira z’ibinyabiziga n’abanyamaguru, -ubw’imiturire (inzu), -ubwagenewe guteza imbere umuco no kubungabunga ibidukikije (harimo ubw’ibishanga n’imigezi), -ubwagenewe ubusitani n’ubuhinzi, -ubw’ubucuruzi, -ahari ikibuga cy’indege ndetse n’icyanya cy’ inganda. -ubwagenewe inzego z’umutekano no kurinda igihugu (Defense), -ubwagenewe ibikorwa remezo by’amazi, ibijyanye n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, -ubwagenewe gutunganyirizwamo imyanda. '''Umuturage ni igishushanyo mbonera''' Mu gutegura iki gishushanyo n’ ibitekerezo bitandukanye by abatuye Kigali nabyo byitawehoaho batangaga ibitekerezo byabo  hakoreshejwe za SMS, whatsapp, email, hari na komite  zashyizweho ku rwego rw'imudugudu aho zejyeranyije ibitekerezo byabaturage nabyo bikahyezwa kubabishinzwe kuburyo nabyo biri mubyajyendeweho.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> Muri iki gishushanyo mbonera umuturage utuye mu kajagari azatanga ubutaka bwe abuhe umushoramari maze abwubakemo umuturirwa, hanyuma muri wa muturirwa nyir'ubutaka ahabwemo igice cy'inzu gifite agaciro kangana n'ubutaka bwe bityo bimuhe gukomeza gutura mu mujyi wa Kigali kandi atuye neza. Muri iki gishushanyo mbonera kandi ushobora kubaka inzu igerekeranye 'etage' ukazamuriraho indi nyuma wabonye ubushobozi. haje nuburyo bwita 'mixed use' aho inzu ushobora kuyikoreramo byinshi bitandukanye nko kuyituramo,gucururizamo, ukaba wayishyiramo ibiro n ibindi(rba) Mu gishushanyo mbonera gishya, hafashwe ingamba zo korohereza abaturage gutura muri Kigali hashingiwe ku mikoro buri wese afite, aho inyubako n’inzu zizaba ziri mu byiciro, ahari amagorofa manini kandi maremare, inzu ziciriritse ndetse n’inzu zisanzwe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/</ref> Mu rwego rwo kugabanya umubyigano w’ibinyabiziga mu muhanda by’abantu baba bajya guhaha, kwiga, ku kazi n’ahandi, muri buri karitsiye cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo bazagira inyubako nini zikorerwamo serivisi zose zishinzwe korohereza abantu kubona ibyo bashaka hafi. <references /> [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Rwanda]] cli7z1z0ew85w7oe3nxrah4hiwqm5no 0 8457 77315 76051 2021-08-09T20:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki Intara y'Amajyepfo nimwe mu ntara z'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/</ref>. Igizwe nibyahoze ari intara ya Butare,Gikongoro, na Gitarama <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=20&L=tziwxcudntgvxpu |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027130048/https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=20&L=tziwxcudntgvxpu |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[File:Rwanda SouthProvDists.png|alt=Ikarita y'Intara y'Amajyepfo y' u Rwanda|thumb|617x617px|Ikarita y'Intara y'Amajyepfo y' u Rwanda]] ubu ikaba igizwe n uturere dutanduka hari Nyanza Gisagafra , Nyaruguru ,Nyamagabe nutundi twinshi === Aho Iherereye === mu majyepfo : Burundi mu majyaruguru: Umujyi wa Kigali iburengerazuba : Intara y'uburengerazuba Iburasirazuba : Intara y'uburasirazuba ==== Uturere tugize intara ==== 1[[Akarere ka Gisagara|.Akarere ka Gisagara]] 2. [[Akarere ka Huye]] 3. [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] 4. [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] 5.[[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] 6.[[Akarere ka Nyanza]] 7. [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] 8. [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] ==== Ihuza ryo hanze ==== frpazamb3l2wtmikgi1ck25ohcf8bzi 0 8458 79145 77286 2021-08-31T08:56:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecole des Science Byimana''' ni ishuri gatolika ryinjira mu [[Rwanda]] . rifite abanyeshuri barenga 700 mu myaka itandatu. Intego y'ishuri ni "Ubumenyi, umutimanama, n'indashyikirwa". rishishikariza abanyeshuri baryo kugira iterambere ryumwuka, ubwenge na iryumubiri babaha amahirwe yo gusenga, gukina siporo no gusabana hagati yabo binyuze mumikino. [[Dosiye:Science-Hill-School-ky.jpg|thumb|Ishuri rya Byimana]] [[Dosiye:Regional_Science_High_School_III_on_February_13,_2009_(Part_7).jpg|thumb|Isomero ry' abanyeshuri]] == Aho riherereye == '''Ecole des Science Byimana''' iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo, u Rwanda . Umurenge wa Byimana, neza cyane ku musozi wa Bukomero, niho ari ishuri ryacumbikira abanyeshuri kandi rimwe mu matorero y'abavandimwe ba Maristi mu [[Rwanda]] . Ishuri riri muri metero nkeya uvuye ku muhanda munini wa Muhanga-Butare. [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|center|thumb|320x320px|Ruhango]] [[Dosiye:Working_group_7_meeting_(schools,_rural,_community_sanitation),_Guy_Mbayo_(UNICEF_Rwanda)_(5954951550).jpg|thumb|Icyumba cy' abarimu bigisha mu ishuri rikuru rya siyanse rya Byimana]] == Amateka == Ecole des Science Byimana yashinzwe muri 1952 na abafurere baba Marist . Yakinguye amarembo nkishuri ribanza rya Bukomero ryakiraga abahungu gusa, nyuma iba Ecole des Moniteurs. Kuva rishingwa, umufurere Alvarus, Leon Jozef Backx <ref>[http://www.presence-mariste.fr/spip.php?article17]</ref> yari umuyobozi w'ishuri mu myaka hafi mirongo itanu. Mu 1978, Ngombwa Stanislas, umuyobozi mukuru w'iryo shuri, yari mu cyiciro cya gatandatu cya siyansi. Mu 1987, ishuri ryatangiye kwakira abakobwa. Muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, iryo shuri ryatakaje abakozi benshi ndetse n’abanyeshuri. Ishuri ryagize amazina menshi ariko azwi cyane ni Ecole des Science Byimana. Mu 2002, iryo shuri ryijihije isabukuru yimyaka 50 hamwe n’abanyeshuri 800, abahungu, n’abakobwa. Muri 2008, usibye Tronc Commun (urwego rusanzwe / ishuri ryisumbuye), iryo shuri ryari rifite amahitamo abiri: Bio-Chimie (Biology-Chemistry) na Math-Physique (Imibare-Ubugenge), aho ikura izina ryishuri ryubumenyi rya Byimana. Ururimi rw’amasomo kuri iryo shuri rwabaye igifaransa, ariko guhera mu ntangiriro za 2009 guverinoma y’u Rwanda yahinduye gahunda y’uburezi mu cyongereza mu gihe u Rwanda rwinjiye mu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (2007) na Commonwealth (2009). Kuva muri uwo mwaka (2009) izina "amahitamo" ryahinduwe 'amahuza' muri sisitemu y’amasomo yo mu Rwanda kandi ishuri ryagumye hamwe hamwe: PCM (Physique, Chimie, na Mathematics), PCB (Physics, Chemistry, na Biology), na MCB (Imibare, Ubutabire, na Biologiya), hamwe nurwego rusanzwe. Muri 2014 habaye ishyirwaho rya MPC (Imibare, Ubugenge, na Mudasobwa) muri bo abanyeshuri ba mbere barangije muri 2016. == Abayobozi == Frère Rugereka 'irihimbano) niwe wabanjirije Kigori * Umufurere Alvarus (1952–1995) * Umufurere Ngombwa Stanislas (1996–2002) * Umufurere Malisaba Straton (2002–2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102221940/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11979475.html] * Umufurere Ngombwa Stanislas (2009–2013) * Umufurere Alphonse Gahima (2013–2015) * Umufurere Malisaba Straton (2015–2017) * Umufurere crescent Karerangabo (2018 - ubungubu) == Indangagaciro n'intego == Marcellin Champagnat, washinze Marist Brothers yavuze ''ati "kurera abana tugomba kubakunda no kubakunda kimwe"'' Ishuri ritanga ubumenyi kimwe na disipuline ikurikiza inzira ya Champagnat ikunda kandi yitaho. Amasomo nyamukuru yishuri ari mubumenyi: imibare, fiziki, ibinyabuzima na chimie. Usibye siyanse, abanyeshuri bafashwa muburyo bwumwuka: abanyeshuri baterana buri munsi kugirango kuvuga amasengesho kandi basenge. Nubwo ishuri ari Umugatolika, umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwitabira idini iryo ariryo ryose. Ishuri ryakira abantu bose batitaye ku idini ryabo, inkomoko yabo, nibindi. Nyamara, abanyeshuri bamwe ntibabona amahirwe yo kwiga aho ngaho kuko ishuri rifite ibibazo bitoroshye byo kwinjira hashingiwe ku kizamini gisanzwe cyigihugu. Ishuri rishobora kugera ku ntego zaryo kubera ubufatanye no kudasobanuka neza kw'abanyeshuri n'abakozi bayo. Umwanya w'ishuri nawo urafasha: ifite inyubako zihagije (dortoir, ibyumba byo kuriramo, ibyumba by'ishuri na laboratoire). Ariko, inyubako zimwe zirashaje. Nyamara ishuri rikomeje kwaguka kugirango rihuze ibipimo kandi ritange uburezi bwiza bushoboka. Abanyeshuri ba Byimana bitezeho kuba abantu bafite ubuhanga bagamije kugira uruhare mu kwiyubaka kwu Rwanda. == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.byimana-school.com/Byimanaschool/Home.html/ Urubuga rwishuri] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191027161705/http://www.sanz.biz/byimana Byimana] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100829182657/http://www.ysnews.com/stories/2008/12/120408_rwanda.html Abanyarwanda bafungura isi kuri YS] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] 9hke9crr61rdi04v6cpm6utl9gfijdl 0 8459 76285 73369 2021-07-22T14:06:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Iprc kigali.jpg|thumb|ishuri ry`imyuga]] [[Dosiye:ATELIER DE DESSIN A TIMIMOUN 010.jpg|thumb|ishuri ry`abana bato]] Ni aho abantu bigira. Abanyushuri n'abarimu bahurira ku ishuri tohob314tfxc2n8frd92clfvfh5mxkm 0 8460 81157 81156 2021-12-10T15:24:11Z 2A02:2788:9F4:12C:956E:34C8:F7E6:BBC8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Iskfacilities.jpg|thumb|Ibyumba by'amashuri meza mu Rwanda]] Uru ni urutonde rwamashuri yo mugihugu cya Afrika yu [[Rwanda]], yateguwe [[Intara y’u Rwanda|nintara zu Rwanda]] . Amakuru nayo muri 2003[akanewe guhindura],[needs update]. Mu gihugu hari hari amashuri abanza 2,262 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Development Gateway - Portail de l'Education |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=91 |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814070710/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=91 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> n'amashuri yisumbuye 504<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Development Gateway - Portail de l'Education |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=94 |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2016-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814094201/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/article.php3?id_article=94 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. == Intara y'Iburasirazuba == Amashuri yo mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba, u Rwanda]] arimo: * Groupe Scolaire Nyabagendwa * Groupe Scolaire Remera Catholique * Groupe Scolaire Rilima * Groupe Scolaire Saint Aloys, Rwamagana * [http://maranyundogirlsschool.org/ Ishuri ry'abakobwa rya Maranyundo] <ref>[http://www.maranyundogirlsschool.org Maranyundo Girls School]</ref> * Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Montfort, u Rwanda * Nyamata Bright School * Gashora Abakobwa ishuri ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga * Petit Seminaire St Kizito Zaza * Groupe Scolaire Karenge * groupe scolaire ruhunda * ecole secondaire de rukira * Kayonza Modern School *college baptise de ngarama(COBANGA) *ES Apem ngarama == Umujyi wa Kigali == Amashuri yo mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] arimo:{{div col|colwidth=30em}} ''' * [[Lycée de Kigali]] * [[Fawe Girls' School]] * [[Kagarama Secondary School]] * [[Ecole Secondaire Kanombe/EFOTEC]] * [https://www.collegesaintandre.ac.rw/ College Saint Andres] ''' Amashuri ari hejuri ni ay'imena muri Kigali mu gutsindisha * [[Lycée de Kicukiro APADE]] * [[École Antoine de Saint-Exupéry de Kigali|Ecole Francaise Antoine de Saint Exupery]] (French School) * [[École Belge de Kigali]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecole Belge de Kigali (in French) |url=http://www.ebk.ac.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2015-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421073602/http://www.ebk.ac.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Excella School]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Excella School |url=http://www.excellaschool.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304083626/http://www.excellaschool.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Hope Academy Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Academy Rwanda |url=http://hopeacademyrwanda.com/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228054734/http://www.hopeacademyrwanda.com/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[International School of Kigali]] <ref>[http://www.iskr.org International School of Kigali]</ref> * [[Kigali International Community School]] <ref>[http://www.kicsrw.org Kigali International Community School]</ref> * [[AIS Rwanda]] <ref>[http://aisrwanda.com Acron International School of Rwanda] (Cambridge School +250 786-514-715)</ref> * [[Blooming Buds School, Kacyiru]], Kigali <ref>[http://www.thebloomingbuds.com/ Blooming Buds School, Kacyiru, Kigali]</ref> * [[College Ami Des Enfants]] * [[College de l'Espoir de Gasogi]] * [https://www.collegesaintandre.ac.rw/ College Saint Andre] * [[La Colombiere School]] * [[Doves Montessori school]]<ref>[http://www.doveschoolmontessori.com/ Doves Montessori school]</ref> * [[The Earth School, The International Montessori School of Rwanda]] <ref>[http://www.theearthschoolafrica.com The Earth School]</ref> * [[Fruits of Hope Academy]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fruits of Hope Academy |url=http://fruitsofhopeacademykigali.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304093015/http://fruitsofhopeacademykigali.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Green Hills Academy, Kigali]] <ref>[http://greenhillsacademy.rw/ Green Hills Academy]</ref> * [[Groupe Scolaire ADB]] * [[Groupe Scolaire Apred Ndera]] * [[GS Aiper Nyandungu]] * [[Hagos International School]]<ref>[http://www.hagosinternationalschool.com Hagos International School]</ref> * [[New Vision High School]] * [[Petit Seminaire Saint Vincent Ndera]] * [[Riviera High School]] * [[Saint Ignatius High School Kibagabaga]] <ref>[http://amashuri.com/sihs/ Saint Ignatius High School Kibagabaga]</ref> * [[SOS Hermann Gmeiner Technical High School]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=SOS Hermann Gmeiner Technical High School |url=http://www.soshgths.org/ |accessdate=2021-08-09 |archive-date=2020-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427084148/http://soshgths.org/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[STAR School]] <ref>[https://rwandastarschool.org]</ref> * [[Wellspring Academy]] * [[White Dove Girls School]] {{div col end}} * King David Academy <ref>[https://www.kingdavidacademy.co]</ref> * Ishuri ry'incuke * Ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Saint Paul (SPIS) <ref>[http://www.spis.ac.rw/]</ref> * == Intara y'Amajyaruguru == Amashuri yo mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] arimo ::{{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [https://mariereinerwaza.rw/index.html Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza] <ref>[http://mariereinerwaza.rw/ Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza]</ref> * [[College Methodiste Unie de Rushashi]] (CMUR) * [[E A V Rushashi]] * [https://escnotredame.com/index.html Ecole des Sciences de Musanze] * [[Ecole Islamique de Musanze]] * [[Ecole Primaire de Bwuzuri]] * [[Ecole primaire de Miyove]] * [[Ecole Primaire EER muhoza]] * [[Ecole Secondaire de Buhuga]] * [[Ecole Primaire Muhoza 1]] * [[Ecole secondaire Kagogo]] * [[Ecole séminaire de Karuganda]] * [[Ecole séminaire de Nyarutovu]] * [[Excel School]] * [[Groupe Scholaire de Nyundo I]] * [[Groupe scolaire APAPEDUC Bungwe]] * [[Groupe Scolaire de Mataba]] * [[Groupe Scolaire de Miyove]] * [[Groupe Scolaire de Mushongi]] * [[Groupe Scolaire de Nemba I]] * [[Groupe Scolaire Gakoro]] * [[Groupe Scolaire Notre Dame du Bon Conseil Byumba]] * [[Groupe scolaire Rugali]] * [[Groupe scolaire Shashi]] * [[Inyange Girls' School of Science]] * [https://nkumbaminorseminary.fr.gd/ Petit séminaire Saint Jean Nkumba] * [[Regina Pacis School, Ruhengeri]] (former Ecole Française de Ruhengeri) * [[Sonrise High School]] * [[Wisdom school]] * [[OPAPEP Nursery & Primary School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPAPEP Nursery And Primary School |url=http://opapep.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001142128/http://www.opapep.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * [[Ecole Primaire Notre Dame de Fatima]] {{ESSA-Ruhengeri} [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of organisations based in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of schools by country|Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of schools in Africa|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda education-related lists|Schools]] [[Category:Schools in Rwanda|*]] ==Intara y'amajyepfo == Amashuri mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo]] ni: {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *[[Ecole des Sciences Byimana]] *[https://gsobindatwa.com/ Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare (GSOB]) *[[College ACEJ karama]] *[[Collège Kristo Umwami Nyanza]] *[[Collège Adventiste de Gitwe]] *[[Crimson Academy of Kagina]] *[[Ecole agricole et veterinaire de Kabutare]] *[[Ecole autonome de Butare]] *[[Ecole des Sciences St Louis de Montfort Nyanza]] (EScN) *[[Ecole secondaire des parents]] (CEFOTEC) *[[Ecole segondaire de Kigoma]] *[[Ecole segondaire de Kumugina]] *[[Ecole technique de Saint Kizito Save]] (ETS) *[[Ecole sociale de Karubanda]] *[[Groupe scholaire de Gatagara]] *[[Groupe Scolaire st Joseph Kabgayi]] *[[Petit Seminaire Baptiste]] *[[Petit Seminaire de Butare]] *[[:en:Saint_Léon_Minor_Seminary_of_Kabgayi|Petit Seminaire st Leon Kabgayi]] *[[Ecole secondaire de murama]] *[[ISETAR Runda]] *[[nyamyumba secondary school]] {{div col end}} College st bernard kansi *'''saint mary's high school kiruhura''' '''*groupe scolaire don de dieu remera rukoma''' sante trinite de nyanza ==Intara y'Iburengerazuba== *[[College De Gisenyi Inyemeramihigo]] *[[ETO Mibirizi]] *[[Ecole agricole et veterinaire de Ntendezi]] *[[Lycee Notre Damme de Nyundo]] *Gisenyi Advantist Secondary School (GASS) *Ecole de Sciences de Gisenyi (ESG) *Groupe Scolaire Saint Joseph Birambo *Groupe Scolaire Gihundwe *Ecole secondaire Gishoma *Groupe scolaire Rwinzuki *St Joseph Nyamasheke *Butambamo secondary school *Nkombo Secondary school *St Matthew's School_Rusizi *St Matthew's School_Nyamasheke ==See also== * [[Uburezi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urutonde rw'amashuri]] * [[GISHOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL]] ==Reba ibyerekeye== {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031065742/http://edorica.com/schools-location "Edorica" List of schools by location] 23."NellyNelson.com" ==Amahuza yo Hanze== *https://web.archive.org/web/20010122053400/http://www.nur.ac.rw/rwanda5.htm [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of organisations based in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of schools by country|Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of schools in Africa|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda education-related lists|Schools]] [[Category:Schools in Rwanda|*]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza]] <ref>[http://mariereinerwaza.rw/ Groupe Scolaire Marie Reine Rwaza]</ref> *[[College Methodiste Unie de Rushashi]] (CMUR) *[[E A V Rushashi]] *[[Ecole des Sciences de Musanze]] *[[Ecole Islamique de Musanze]] *[[Ecole Primaire de Bwuzuri]] *[[Ecole primaire de Miyove]] *[[Ecole Primaire EER muhoza]] *[[Ecole Secondaire de Buhuga]] *[[Ecole Primaire Muhoza 1]] *[[Ecole secondaire Kagogo]] *[[Ecole séminaire de Karuganda]] *[[Ecole séminaire de Nyarutovu]] *[[Excel School]] *[[Groupe Scholaire de Nyundo I]] *[[Groupe scolaire APAPEDUC Bungwe]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Mataba]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Miyove]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Mushongi]] *[[Groupe Scolaire de Nemba I]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Gakoro]] *[[Groupe Scolaire Notre Dame du Bon Conseil Byumba]] *[[Groupe scolaire Rugali]] *[[Groupe scolaire Shashi]] *[[Inyange Girls' School of Science]] *[[Petit séminaire Saint Jean Nkumba]] *[[Regina Pacis School, Ruhengeri]] (former Ecole Française de Ruhengeri) *[[Sonrise High School]] *[[Wisdom school]] *[[OPAPEP Nursery & Primary School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=OPAPEP Nursery And Primary School |url=http://opapep.rw/ |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2019-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001142128/http://www.opapep.rw/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *[[Ecole Primaire Notre Dame de Fatima]] {{ESSA-Ruhengeri} [[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of organisations based in Rwanda|Schools]] [[Category:Lists of schools by country|Rwanda]] [[Category:Lists of schools in Africa|Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda education-related lists|Schools]] [[Category:Schools in Rwanda|*]] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Amashuri]] djk9drmcz5wm3f7kxrre7x26hwzijsx 0 8461 77101 73374 2021-08-06T18:47:33Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ubunzi ni imirimo ijyanye no gutera ibimera, gusarura nindi mirimo bijyanye.[[File:Nyakansi 2.jpg|thumb|Nyakansi 2]] kkm8cn69v6bx7xgrkjrn0bof6t9nzm9 0 8463 73376 2020-09-27T11:40:35Z Havugimana 5507 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/972355553|Karisimbi (commune)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PT9A6857_(9445594128).jpg|thumb]] '''Karisimbi''' ni komine y'umujyi wa Goma mu [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|majyaruguru ya Kivu]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Yitiriwe [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|umusozi wa Karisimbi uri]] hafi. Amerekezo: 11°41′50″S 27°28′46″E / 11.697121°S 27.479510°E [[Category:Goma]] [[Category:Kivu ya rugu]] ejmxb87s2om373q2o2qistucz1vajb3 0 8464 73380 2020-09-27T13:58:43Z Havugimana 5507 redirect to Intara y'amajypefo wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara y'amajyepfo ]] gpvu0ol4kaqx3tk4dr6nihgxu46l7w8 0 8465 77273 76236 2021-08-09T19:56:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki Akerere ka Rubavu ni kamwe mu turere tw'Intara y' Uburengerazuba. <ref>https://www.rubavu.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Rubavu_district_CITY_Developement_in_infrastructure_(17951400951).jpg|thumb|Umujyi w'akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Dosiye:A_teenage_boy_diving_off_boat_to_swim_in_Kivu_Lake_in_Rubavu_District,_Rwanda._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Imibereho y'abatuye akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Dosiye:Rubavu_round_about.jpg|thumb|Ikirango kerekana ishusho n'imirimo y'ubukerarugendo ikorerwa mu akarere ka Rubavu]] ·         '''Intara karimo''' : INTARA Y'IBURENGERAZUBA ·         '''Ubuso''' :  388.3Km2 ·         '''Umubare wabaturage''' (2014): 403662 ·         '''Ubucucike bw'abaturage''' (2014): 1039/Km2 ·         '''Ibyo abantu bazi cyane ku karere''' : Ahantu nyaburanga, imisozi, ibiyaga, amashuri menshi, ibiranga amateka,….<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://rubavu.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |accessdate=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716024635/https://rubavu.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kagizwe ni imirenge 12 # [[Umurenge wa Bugeshi]] # [[Umurenge wa Busasamana]] # [[Umurenge wa Cyanzarwe]] # [[Umurenge wa Gisenyi]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanama]] # [[Umurenge wa Kanzenze]] # [[Umurenge wa Mudende]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyakiliba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyamyumba]] # [[Umurenge wa Nyundo]] # [[Umurenge wa Rubavu]] # [[Umurenge wa Rugerero]] fv1o4xnq199nymtxnbkp7qmj4heazqs 0 8466 76634 74535 2021-07-30T09:28:41Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intara y'Iburengerazuba''' ( Kinyarwanda : Intara y'Iburengerazuba ; French:Province de l'Ouest ; Dutch:Westi-provincie) ni imwe mu [[Intara y’u Rwanda|ntara]] eshanu [[Rwanda|z'u Rwanda]] . Yashinzwe mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2006 muri gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage guverinoma yongeye gutegura inzego z’ibanze z’igihugu. Umurwa mukuru w'Intara y'Iburengerazuba ni Kibuye. Ibiro byayo biherereye mu karere ka Karongi, umurenge wa Rubengera. Guverineri uyonoye iyi ntara kuri ubu ni Munyantwari Alphonse. [[File:Rwanda WestProvDists.png|alt=Uturere tw'Intara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u|thumb|529x529px|Uturere tw'Intara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u ]] Ubuso : 5,883 km kare abaturage (ibarara rya 2012) Umubare: 2,471,348 ubucukike: 420 kuri Km kare Goverineri : Munyantwari Alphonse(2020) Uturere: 1. [[Akarere ka Karongi]] 2. [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] 3. [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] 4. [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] 5. [[Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[File:Scenery in Hills above Lake Kivu - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda - 02.jpg|alt=Lake Kivu. Ahereye Karongi-Kibuye-Iburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda|thumb|385x385px|Lake Kivu. Ahereye Karongi-Kibuye-Iburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda]] 6[[Akarere ka Rusizi|.Akerere ka Rusizi]] 7. [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Akerere ka Rutsiro]] mu Rwanda == Inyandiko hamwe == {{Reflist|1}} == Amahuza yo hanze == * [http://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/ site yemewe y'Intara y'amajyepfo] Amerekezo: 2°22′30″S 29°12′35″E / 2.37500°S 29.20972°E / -2.37500; 29.20972 [[Category:Intara y’u Rwanda]] glq06ly0a0z1z9tdvlqyk628f3hoh19 0 8467 79050 76853 2021-08-30T21:09:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Corneille Alhambra.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzi corneille]] '''Cornelius Nyungura''' (yavutse ku ya 24 Werurwe 1977)<ref>http://www.corneille.ca/</ref> ni umuririmbyi uzwi kw' izina rya '''Corneille''' . Yavukiye mu Budage bw'Iburengerazuba ku babyeyi [[Rwanda|b' abanyawanda]], yamaze igihe kinini cy'ubwana bwe mu Rwanda, amaherezo yimukira i Québec, muri Kanada mu 1997<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015134/http://www.france-amerique.com/articles/2008/12/19/print/corneille-je-ne-me-sens-plus-seul-au-monde.html</ref>. Aririmba mu Gifaransa n'Icyongereza. mu mwuga we akunze gufatira ikitejyererezo kuri [[:en:Funk|Funk]] y abanyamerica na soul music ; [[:en:Prince_(musician)|Prince]], [[:en:Marvin_Gaye|Marvin Gaye]] na [[:en:Stevie_Wonder|Stevie Wonder]] nibo bahanzi ajyenderaho. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda Flag]] == Amateka y' ubuzima bwe == === Ubuzima bwe mu bwana === Corneille yavukiye i Freiburg im Breisgau, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]], nubwo mu bwana bwe bwose yabumaze mu Rwanda. Yavumbuye urukundo rwe muri muzika mu 1993, nuko yinjira mu itsinda rya R&amp;amp;B, ryatsinze amarushanwa ya Découverte 1993.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Ibi kandi byatumye atangira kwandika indirimbo no guhimba amanota y' umuziki . cyakora, ubuzima bwe bwarahindutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu 1994. Se, Émile Nyungura, yari umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya politiki PSD yafatwaga nk' urwanya leta bityo akaba nawe yari mubari bwicwe; Corneille yiboneye iyicwa ry'ababyeyi be na barumuna be na bashiki be batatu afite imyaka 17.<ref>"Corneille a très envie de renouer avec le Rwanda". ''franceinfo.fr''. Radio France. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> yahungiye mu Budage, aho bamwe mu ncuti z' ababyeyi be bamwakiriye mu rugo rwabo. === Ubuzima bwe bw' umuga === Muri Nyakanga 1997, Corneille yahisemo kuva mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] kugira ngo akomeze amasomo mu itumanaho, maze yimukira i [[:en:Montreal|Montreal]], muri [[:en:Quebec|Québec]], muri [[Kanada]] kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza ya Concordia . Muri icyo gihe, yashinze '''O.N.E''', itsinda rya R&B, ari kumwe na Pierre Gage na Gardy Martin, bahuye nyuma gato yo kugera i Québec.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> ''Zoukin'', imwe mu ndirimbo z'itsinda yanditswe na Corneille, yabaye iyambere muri airplay za Kanada. Hanyuma, mu ntangiriro za 2001, Corneille yavuye muri iryo tsinda, yashakaga gukomeza umwuga wenyine. Yatangiye gushingira indirimbo ze ku hahise he.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Mu 2002, Corneille yakoze imishinga itandukanye. Yanditse kandi ahimba indirimbo "Ce soir" ya ''Cocktail R&B 2'' compilation (Ghetto R&B, [[:en:Sony_Music|Sony Music]] ) na "Si seulement on s'aimait" ya ''Hip Hop Folies'' (Sony Music). Abisabwe na [[:en:Dave_Stewart_(musician_and_producer)|Dave Stewart]], yigaragaje bwa mbere kurubyiniro kuri reservoir in Paris,aho yajyiriye amahirwe yo kuririmbana na Jimmy Cliff . Muri Mutarama 2003, yatumiriwe kuzaba ari uririmba nk ijyikorwa cyo gutegurira urubyiniro Cunnie Williams muri Olympia .<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> Album ya mbere ya Corneille, verisiyo yo muri Kanada ya ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'', yasohotse ku ya 10 Nzeri 2002. verisiyo y’igifaransa, yarimo ibihembo byinshi kuri disiki ya kabiri, yasohotse ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2003, byihuse yahise imenyekana. Muri Mata 2003,<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Corneille yaririmbanye na [[:en:Craig_David|Craig David]], asubiramo umurongo mu gifaransa w' indirimbo ''Rise and Fall'' . Yakoze urugendo rwe rwa mbere muri Gicurasi 2003, aririmbira full houses i [[Paris]], [[:en:Marseille|Marseilles]], [[:en:Lyon|Lyon]] na [[:en:Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] . Muri Werurwe 2005, yitabiriye igitaramo ''Africa Live,'' cyateguwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya malariya.<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Bwari ubwa mbere agaruka ku mugabane w'iwabo kuva jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yahagarikwa. Album ya kabiri ya Corneille ''Les marchands de rêves'', yasohotse mu Gushyingo 2005. Corneille yakoranye na Croix-Rouge yo muri Kanada mu rwego rwo gutabariza abana bahuye n' ibibazo by' intambara. Yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere yo mu Cyongereza, yitwa ''Ivuka rya Koruneliyo (The birth of cornelius)'', muri Nyakanga 2007. Mu mpera za 2014 yabaye umwe mu ba hatanaga kuri televiziyo yo mu bufaransa TF1 mw irushanwa '''Danse avec les Stars'' . ku nshuro yaryo ya gatanu.<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> === Eurovision === Corneille yanditse indirimbo " Il était temps " ayandikiye [[:en:Virginie_Pouchain|Virginie Pouchain]] nyuma yo kwemererwa guhagararira [[Ubufaransa]] mu marushanwa ya [[:en:Eurovision_Song_Contest|Eurovision]] song contest 2006 . Indirimbo yarangije iri kumwanya wa 22 muri 24 zizari zajyeze kurwego rwa nyuma.<ref>"Eurofans 2012 : Virginie Pouchain au meeting de printemps". ''eurovision-fr.net''. Eurovision-fr.net. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === Corneille yashakanye n'umunyamideli ukomoka muri Kanada akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime Sofia de Medeiros mu 2006; bafite abana babiri.<ref>"Corneille et sa femme Sofia de Medeiros attendent leur premier enfant ! Cette fois, c'est officiel !". ''purepeople.com''. Pure People/Webedia. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> == Imbonerahamwe y ibikorwa bye bya muzika == === Album === '''Album za studio''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Album ! colspan="4" align="center" | Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small><br /> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>FR</small><br /> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small><br /> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>IKIBAZO</small> |- | align="center" | 2002 | ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 4 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2005 | ''Les marchands de rêves'' | align="center" | 6 | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 34 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2007 | ''Ivuka rya Corneillius'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 23 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2009 | ''Sans titre'' | align="center" | 47 | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2011 | ''Les inséparables'' | align="center" | 55 | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2013 | ''Entre nord et sud'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 46 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2019 | ''Parce qu'on aime'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 58<br /> | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |2021 |''Encre rose'' | | | | | |- | colspan="7" align="center" style="font-size:9pt" | "-" bisobanura ko iyi ndirimbo itarimo, cyangwa utasohowe muriki gihugu. |} '''Ibikorwa bidasanzwe''' * 2003: ''Parce qu'on vient de loin (édition deluxe)'' (disiki ebyiri) * 2006: ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' / ''Les marchands de rêves'' (gusohora alubumu ebyiri) '''Alubumu na DVDs yaririmbye imbona nkubone''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Album ! colspan="3" align="center" | Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mw8Q"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small><br /> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>[[Ubufaransa|FR]]</small><br /> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small><br /> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> |- | align="center" | 2005 | ''imbonankubone''<br />(<small>alubumu ebyiri)</small> | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | – | align="center" | |} === Indirimbo === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="230" | Indirimbo ! colspan="5" align="center" | umwanya mwiza ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="160" | Album |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAR0"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small><br /><ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref><br />Ultratop ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mwASU"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small> [9]Ultratip * ! width="30" | <small>FR</small> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>IKIBAZO</small> |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2002 | "Avec classe" | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 3 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="6" align="center" | ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2003 | "Ensemble" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 39 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | 2004 | "Parce qu'on vient de loin" | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Seul au monde" | align="center" | 34 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 26 | align="center" | 62 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Rêves de star" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Comme un fils" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 56 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2005 | "Le bon Dieu est une femme" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="2" align="center" | ''Les marchands de rêves'' |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2006 | "Les marchands de rêves" | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 2 | align="center" | 37 | align="center" | 88 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2009 | "En. . . " | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 19 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | ''Sans titre'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2011 | "Le jour après la fin du monde" | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="4" align="center" | ''Les inséparables'' |- | " Des pères, des hommes et des frères "<small>(Corneille feat.</small> <small>La Fouine )</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 2 | align="center" | 25 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2012 | "Jusqu'au bout de nos peines"<br /> <small>(Corneille feat.</small> <small>Soprano )</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Le bar des sentimentalistes" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2013 | "Les sommets de nos vies" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 84 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | TBA |- | colspan="8" align="center" style="font-size:9pt" | "-" bisobanura indirimbo itarasohotse muri icyo gihugu |} <small>* izitaragaragaye byemewe kuri Ultratop 50 nziza zo mububirigi , .</small> '''Zacuranzwe muri''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Indirimbo ! colspan="3" align="center" | Umwanya <br /> mwiza ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="160" | Album |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref>Ultratop ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small> Ultratip * ! width="30" | <small>FR</small> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2011 | "Le meilleur du monde"<br /> <small>( TLF feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 38 | align="center" | 28 | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | <small>Album ya TLF</small><br />''Ubuzima bushya'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2012 | "Histoires vraies" <small>( Youssoupha feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 82 | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | <small>Album ya Youssoupha</small><br /> ''Noir desir'' |- | " Co-Pilote " (Igifaransa)<br /> <small>( Kristina Maria feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 1 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | <small>Kristina Maria album</small><br /> ''Bwira Isi'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2013 | "Cœur de guerrier"<br /><small>( Big Ali feat.</small> <small>Youssoupha, Corneille & Acide)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 6 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "À l'horizon"<br /><small>( Kery James feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 31 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | <small>Kery James alubumu</small><br /> ''Dernier MC'' |} === DVD === * 2005: album y' imbona nkubone == Ibihembo == * 2005 NRJ Music Awards Video yumwaka kuri ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' * 2005 Igihembo cya EBBA . == Ibindi wa soma == {{Reflist}} == Ubundi bumenyi wa kwiyungura == * Official websiteficial website * [https://archive.today/20130415090539/http://www.music-city.org/discography.php?artist=Corneille Discography] [[Category:Umuhazi]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Umwirabura]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda uba muri canada]] [[Category:Umwanditsi]] [[Category:Umunyafrica]] 6v8rtlr2elcjunn9d0slq6mnfrbhjxr 0 8468 77696 77695 2021-08-15T10:07:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|left|thumb|170x170px|Ikarita ya Akarere ka Bugesera ]] [[Dosiye:Gashora_Health_Center.jpg|thumb|192x192px|Ikigo nderabuzima cya Gashora giherere mu murenge wa Gashora mu Karere ka Bugesera.]] Gashora, ni umwe mu mirenge 15 igize Akarere ka Bugesera, ugizwe n’utugari dutanu ari two: Biryogo, Kabuye, Kagomasi, Mwendo, na Ramiro. Umurenge wa Gashora ukora ku mugezi w’Akagera, no ku biyaga birimo icya Rumira, icya Gaharwa, na Kirimbi, na Mirayi.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bugesera-ubuyobozi-bwasobanuye-gahunda-yo-kuhira-izafasha-mu-kurwanya-amapfa/</ref> == Amahoteli == La Palisse Gashora - Ikaba iherere mu murenge wa Gashora ku nkegoro z'ikiyaga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |accessdate=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024211410/http://bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>. == Gashora Girls Academy == [[Dosiye:Gashora_Girls_Academy.jpg|thumb|Gashora Girls Academy]] Gashora Girls Academy, riherereye mu murenge wa Gashora, Akarere ka Bugesera mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba. Ishuri rya Gashora Girls Academy ryatangiye mu mwaka 2011 rikaba ari ishuri rifite amashami yose yigisha ibijyanye n’ubumenyi n’ikorana buhanga. == Ishakiro == lsi07fu8an2p3ujwfpcqal8gs7oqnmk 0 8469 77709 77247 2021-08-15T14:37:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = [[Dosiye:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|thumb|185x185px|Umurenge wa Ntarama uri mu karere ka Bugesera ]] [[Dosiye:Amazing_Bugesera_plains.jpg|thumb|152x152px|Abaturage b'umurenge wa Ntarama mu karere ka Bugesera batunzwe n'imiimo itandukanye irimo iyubuhinzi,n' ubworozi]] Ntarama ni umurenge w'umugi wa Nyamata mu Karere ka Bugesera, cyane ko ariwo murenge ushyikiramo iyo uturutse i kigari uza i Bugesera unyuze ku muhanda wa kaburimbo, Ukaba igizwe n'utugari dutatu Cyugaro, Kanzenze na Kibungo. Uyu murenge ufite ubuso bunini budatuwe ndetse ukaba ukeneye abashora imari yabo cyane mu buhinzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |accessdate=2020-09-28 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024211410/http://bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=72 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ishakiro == a72bk5lic5wr5l3xzusgind88320ybe 0 8470 73407 2020-09-29T06:42:18Z Deborahjay 6702 Deborahjay moved page [[Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa]] to [[Monique Nsanzabaganwa]]: title is not part of page name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Monique Nsanzabaganwa]] rmaoani3cx0l8k49e6tobso2fi6pufu 0 8471 76370 73432 2021-07-24T21:45:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|period=2003–present|website={{url|https://www.chimamanda.com}}|module={{Listen| embed=yes |filename = Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie_bbc_radio4_front_row_03_05_2013.flac |title = Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row]]'', 3 May 2013.<ref>{{Cite episode | title= Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |series= Front Row |serieslink= Front Row (radio programme) |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01s4vfn |station= [[BBC Radio 4]] |date= 3 May 2013 |accessdate= 18 January 2014 }}</ref> }}|awards=[[MacArthur Fellowship]] (2008)|children=1|spouse={{marriage|Ivara Esege|2009}}<ref name=Brockes />|notableworks=''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'' (2003)<br />''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'' (2006)<br />''[[Americanah]]'' (2013) <br /> ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' (2014)|movement=|genre=|alma_mater=[[Eastern Connecticut State University]] (BA) <br />[[Johns Hopkins University]] (MA) <br />[[Yale University]] (MA)|image=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 9374.JPG|nationality=[[Nigerian]]|occupation=[[Novelist]], short story writer, [[non-fiction|non-fiction writer]]|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Enugu]], [[Enugu State]], Nigeria|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|9|15}}|birth_name=<!--if different-->|pseudonym=|caption=Adichie in 2013|imagesize=}}{{Infobox writer|name=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|period=2003–present|website={{url|https://www.chimamanda.com}}|module={{Listen| embed=yes |filename = Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie_bbc_radio4_front_row_03_05_2013.flac |title = Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's voice |type = speech |description = from the BBC programme ''[[Front Row (radio programme)|Front Row]]'', 3 May 2013.<ref>{{Cite episode | title= Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie |series= Front Row |serieslink= Front Row (radio programme) |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01s4vfn |station= [[BBC Radio 4]] |date= 3 May 2013 |accessdate= 18 January 2014 }}</ref> }}|awards=[[MacArthur Fellowship]] (2008)|children=1|spouse={{marriage|Ivara Esege|2009}}<ref name=Brockes />|notableworks=''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'' (2003)<br />''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'' (2006)<br />''[[Americanah]]'' (2013) <br /> ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' (2014)|movement=|genre=|alma_mater=[[Eastern Connecticut State University]] (BA) <br />[[Johns Hopkins University]] (MA) <br />[[Yale University]] (MA)|image=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 9374.JPG|nationality=[[Nigerian]]|occupation=[[Novelist]], short story writer, [[non-fiction|non-fiction writer]]|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Enugu]], [[Enugu State]], Nigeria|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|9|15}}|birth_name=<!--if different-->|pseudonym=|caption=Adichie in 2013|imagesize=}}'''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' ( /ˌ tʃ ɪ m ɑː m ɑː n d ə ə n ɡ oʊ z i ə d i tʃ eɪ / ([[null|link=|Ibyerekeye iri jwi]] / ) ; [note 1] yavutse 15 Nzeri 1977) ni umwanditsi Nigeria ufite ibikorwa kuva ku bitabo imigani gito birimo inkuru. Yavuzwe mu ''kinyamakuru The Times Literary Supplement'' nk '"icyamamare" mu "mutambagiro w’abanditsi b’ururimi rwa anglophone uzwi cyane [ukaba] urimo gukurura igisekuru gishya cy’abasomyi mu buvanganzo nyafurika". <ref>Copnall, James (16 December 2011), "Steak Knife", ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'', p. 20.</ref> [[Dosiye:SheSaid_campaign_quoting_Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie.jpg|thumb|Umwanditsi w'ibitabo ufite inkomoko muri Nigeria Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] == Ubuzima bwe nuburere == Adichie yavukiye mu mujyi wa Enugu muri [[Nijeriya]], akura ari umwana wa gatanu mu bana batandatu bo mu muryango wa Igbo mu mujyi wa Nsukka muri Leta ya Enugu . Igihe yari amaze gukura, se, James Nwoye Adichie, yakoraga ari umwarimu w’ibarurishamibare muri kaminuza ya Nijeriya . Nyina, Grace Ifeoma, yari muri kaminuza mbere yabagore ya Gerefiye . <ref name="NPR">[https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker "Feminism Is Fashionable For Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie"]. NPR, 18 March 2014.</ref> Uyu muryango watakaje ibintu hafi ya byose mu gihe cy’intambara yo muri Nijeriya, harimo na ba sekuru. Umudugudu w'abasekuruza b'umuryango we uri i Abba muri Leta ya Anambra . <ref>[http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnabio.html "Biography"], The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie website.</ref> Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye muri kaminuza ya Nigeriya yisumbuye, Nsukka, aho yakuye ibihembo byinshi by'amasomo. Yize ubuvuzi na farumasi muri kaminuza ya Nijeriya umwaka nigice. Muri icyo gihe, yahinduye ''ikinyamakuru The Compass,'' ikinyamakuru kiyobowe n’abanyeshuri b’ubuvuzi gatolika bo muri kaminuza. Ku myaka 19, Adichie yavuye muri Nijeriya yerekeza muri Amerika kwiga itumanaho na siyanse ya politiki muri kaminuza ya Drexel muri Philadelphia . Bidatinze, yimukiye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Eastern Connecticut kugira ngo abe hafi ya mushiki we Uche, <ref>[https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/04/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-sisterhood "Why Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Considers Her Sister a 'Firm Cushion' at Her Back"], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', May 2016.</ref> wari ufite ubuvuzi i Coventry, muri leta ya Connecticut . Mu gihe umwanditsi w'ibitabo yakuriye muri Nijeriya, ntabwo yari amenyereye kumenyekana n'ibara ry'uruhu rwe rwahindutse mu buryo butunguranye ageze muri Amerika muri kaminuza. Nkumunyamerika wumwirabura muri Amerika, Adichie yahise ahura nicyo bisobanura kuba umuntu wamabara muri Amerika. Irushanwa nkigitekerezo cyahindutse ikintu yagombaga kuyobora no kwiga. <ref>[https://www.npr.org/2013/06/27/195598496/americanah-author-explains-learning-to-be-black-in-the-u-s "'Americanah' Author Explains 'Learning' To Be Black In The U.S."], ''[[Fresh Air]]'', NPR, 27 June 2013.</ref> Yanditse kuri ibi mu gitabo cye cyitwa ''Americanah'' . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Eastern Connecticut, itandukanya ''summa cum laude'' mu 2001. Adichie yari [https://www.afterschoolafrica.com/22340/princeton-university-hodder-fellowship/ mugenzi wa Hodder] muri kaminuza ya Princeton mu mwaka w'amashuri wa 2005–2006. Muri 2008 yahawe igihembo cya MacArthur . Yahawe kandi ubusabane bwa 2011–2012 n'ikigo cya Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Universite ya Harvard . Adichie agabanya igihe cye hagati y’Amerika, na Nijeriya, aho yigisha amahugurwa yo kwandika. Muri 2016, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro - Umuganga w’inyuguti za Humane, ''honouris causa'', na kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins . <ref>[http://hub.jhu.edu/2016/04/22/honorary-degrees-hopkins-commencement-2016/ "Eight to receive Johns Hopkins honorary degrees at commencement ceremony"], ''HUB'', Johns Hopkins University, 22 April 2016.</ref> <ref>[http://thisisafrica.me/18899-2/ "You can now call her Dr Adichie"], This Is Africa, 19 May 2016.</ref> Muri 2017, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro - Dogiteri w'inzandiko za Humane, ''honoris causa'', na Haverford College <ref>[https://www.haverford.edu/commencement/honorary-degrees "Commencement 2017 Honorary Degrees"], Haverford College, 15 May 2017.</ref> na kaminuza ya Edinburgh . <ref>[http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/acclaimed-author-receives-honorary-degree "Acclaimed author receives honorary degree"], The University of Edinburgh, 28 July 2017.</ref> Muri 2018, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro, Dogiteri w'Amabaruwa ya Humane, yakuye muri Amherst College . Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro, umuganga ''honis causa'', yakuye muri Université de Friborg, mu Busuwisi, mu 2019. <ref>[https://www.unifr.ch/news/fr/22272/l-crivaine-nigriane-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-devient-docteure-honoris-causa-de-l-universit-de-fribourg?&p=1 "L'écrivaine nigériane Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie devient docteure honoris causa de l'Université de Fribourg"], Université de Fribourg, 15 November 2019.</ref> Mu kiganiro cyasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyitwa ''Financial Times'' muri Nyakanga 2016, Adichie yatangaje ko afite umwana w'umukobwa. Mu mwirondoro wa Adichie, wasohotse mu kinyamakuru ''The New Yorker'' muri Kamena 2018, Larissa MacFarquhar yaranditse ati: "umugabo yarangije gushaka mu 2009 yari akwiriye gusetsa: umuganga wo muri Nijeriya wakoraga imyitozo muri Amerika, se akaba yari umuganga akaba n'inshuti ya ababyeyi be. " Adichie ni Umugatolika kandi yakuze ari Umugatolika akiri umwana, nubwo abona ko ibitekerezo bye, cyane cyane ibyo ku gitsina gore, rimwe na rimwe bivuguruza idini rye. Mu birori byabereye muri kaminuza ya Georgetown mu 2017, yavuze ko idini "atari ikigo cyita ku bagore" kandi ko "ryakoreshejwe mu gutsindishiriza igitugu gishingiye ku gitekerezo cy'uko abagore batangana n'abantu." Yahamagariye abayobozi b'Abakristu n'Abayisilamu muri Nijeriya kwamamaza ubutumwa bw'amahoro n'ubumwe. [[Dosiye:Chimamanda_Ngozi_Adichie_9363.JPG|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 9363]] == Umwuga wo kwandika == Umwimerere wa Ngozi Adichie kandi wambere waturutse kuri Chinua Achebe, nyuma yo gusoma nyakwigendera Prof. "Ibintu Bitandukana" bya Chinua Achebe, afite imyaka 10. Adichie yatewe inkunga no kubona ubuzima bwe bugaragara kurupapuro. Adichie yasohoye icyegeranyo cy'imivugo mu 1997 ( ''Ibyemezo'' ) n'ikinamico ( ''Kubwurukundo rwa Biafra'' ) mu 1998. Yari yatoranyijwe mubazahabwa igihembo mu 2002 Caine Prize kubwigitabo cye "wowe muri Amerika", <ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y1Sv87gyGcoC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=%22You+in+America%22+Chimamanda+Adichie+2002&source=bl&ots=cEwCGo2K1H&sig=xk4zox809QBCm8AAeMXC0zo97cM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkje-FvP7VAhWrK8AKHSJ8BtcQ6AEIazAO#v=onepage&q=%22You%20in%20America%22%20Chimamanda%20Adichie%202002&f=false "You in America"], in ''Discovering Home: A selection of writings from the 2002 Caine Prize for African Writing'', Jacana, 2003, pp. 27–34.</ref> <ref>[http://kwani.org/publication/kwanini-series/3/you_in_america.htm "You in America"], Kwanini? Series, 2006.</ref> kandi inkuru ye "Uwo ibimutunga Morning" Byahiswemo ari wegukanye yahuje 2002 BBC World Service Short Story Ibihembo. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/competition/story.shtml "Short Story Competition 2002"], BBC World Service.</ref> Mu 2003, yatsindiye igihembo cya O. Henry kubera "Ambasade y'Abanyamerika", na David T. Wong International Story Story Award 2002/2003 (Igihembo cya PEN Centre). <ref>[http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnaawards.html "Awards & Nominations"], Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie website; [http://www.pen.org/fiction/half-yellow-sun PEN.org "Half of a Yellow Sun"], full story.</ref> Inkuru ze nazo zasohotse muri ''Zoetrope: Byose-Inkuru'', ''n'ikinyamakuru Topic Magazine'' . <ref>[http://www.webdelsol.com/Topic/articles/03/adichie.html "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Home is Where the Heart Was"], ''Topic Magazine'', Issue 3, Winter 2003.</ref> Igitabo cye cya mbere, ''Purple Hibiscus'' (2003), cyashimiwe cyane; yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'igihembo cya Orange kubera ibihimbano (2004) kandi gihabwa igihembo cy'abanditsi ba Commonwealth kubera igitabo cya mbere cyiza (2005). ''Purple Hibiscus'' atangiye afite quote wagutse kuva Chinua Achebe 's ''Ibintu Fall .'' Igitabo cye cya kabiri, ''Igice cya kabiri cy'izuba ry'umuhondo'' (2006), cyiswe ibendera ry'igihugu cya Biafra igihe gito, cyashyizwe mbere ndetse no mu gihe cy'intambara yo muri Nijeriya. Yakiriye igihembo cya Orange 2007 cyo guhimbano hamwe na Anisfield-Wolf Book Award . <ref>[http://www.anisfield-wolf.org/books/half-of-a-yellow-sun/ "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie | Half of a Yellow Sun"], Winners, The 82nd Annual Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards, 2007.</ref> ''Kimwe cya kabiri cy'izuba ry'umuhondo'' cyahinduwe muri filime yitiriwe izina rimwe iyobowe na Biyi Bandele, yakinnye na BAFTA wegukanye igihembo ndetse n'umukandida wahawe igihembo cya Akademiki Chiwetel Ejiofor na Thandie Newton wegukanye BAFTA, akaba yararekuwe mu 2014. <ref>Felperin, Leslie (10 November 2013), [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/a-yellow-sun-london-review-647828 "Half of a Yellow Sun: London Review"], ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''.</ref> Igitabo cya gatatu cya Adichie, ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' (2009), ni icyegeranyo cy'inkuru 12 zerekana isano iri hagati y'abagabo n'abagore, ababyeyi n'abana, Afurika na Amerika. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abanditsi ba ''New Yorker'' "20 munsi ya 40". Inkuru ya Adichie "Ceiling" yashyizwe mu gitabo cy’umwaka wa 2011 cyiza cyane cyo muri ''Amerika'' . Igitabo cye cya gatatu cyitwa ''Americanah'' (2013), ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umusore ukomoka muri Nijeriya wahuye n’amoko muri Amerika cyatoranijwe na ''The New York Times'' nka kimwe mu "Ibitabo 10 byiza bya 2013". <ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/books/review/the-10-best-books-of-2013.html?mcubz=3 "The 10 Best Books of 2013"], ''The New York Times'', 4 December 2013.</ref> Muri Mata 2014, yiswe umwe mu banditsi 39 bari munsi y’imyaka 40 <ref>[http://www.hayfestival.com/artistlist-a-d.aspx?skinid=27&festivalid=95&localesetting=en-GB List of artists], Africa39.</ref> mu iserukiramuco rya Hay na Rainbow Book Club umushinga wa Afurika39, bizihiza Port Harcourt UNESCO Umurwa mukuru w’ibitabo by’isi 2014. <ref>Attree, Lizzy (10 April 2014), [http://caineprize.com/blog/2015/12/1/africa39-and-caine-prize-authors-by-lizzy-attree?rq=%22You%20In%20America%22 "Africa39 and Caine Prize authors"], The Caine Prize Blog.</ref> Amagambo magufi ya Adichie, "Mama, Umusazi nyafurika" araganira ku bibazo bivuka iyo uhuye n'imico ibiri itandukanye rwose. Ku ruhande rumwe, hari umuco gakondo wo muri Nijeriya ufite uruhare rugaragara rw'uburinganire, mu gihe muri Amerika hari umudendezo mwinshi mu buryo uburinganire bw'umugabo n'umugore bakora, kandi ntibibuza abakiri bato. Ralindu, nyamukuru, ahura niki kibazo nababyeyi be mugihe yakuriye i Philadelphia, mugihe bakuriye muri Nijeriya. Adichie yibira cyane mubikorwa byuburinganire nimigenzo nibibazo bishobora kubaho kubera iki. Muri 2015, [https://pen.org/2020-world-voices-digital/ yayoboye iserukiramuco rya PEN World Voices Festival] . Mu 2014 kiganiro, Adichie yavuze feminism (uburinganire)no kwandika: "Nibaza ubwanjye ari storyteller ariko sinashatse bwenge Ku Byose NIBA umuntu bari gutekereza yanjye nk'uko umwanditsi gore. . . Ndi umunyarwandakazi cyane muburyo mbona isi, kandi uko isi ibona bigomba kuba bimwe mubikorwa byanjye. " Muri Werurwe 2017, ''Americanah'' yatowe nk'uwatsindiye gahunda ya "Igitabo kimwe, New York", <ref>Weller, Chris (16 March 2017), [http://uk.businessinsider.com/one-book-one-new-york-book-club-2017-3?r=US&IR=T "New Yorkers just selected a book for the entire city to read in America's biggest book club"], ''Business Insider''.</ref> <ref>[http://www1.nyc.gov/site/mome/initiatives/1book1ny.page "One Book, One New York | And the winner is..."], NYC.</ref> muri gahunda yo gusoma abaturage bashishikariza abatuye umujyi bose gusoma igitabo kimwe . <ref>Williams, John (31 January 2017), [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/books/one-book-one-new-york-program-announced.html "One Book for Five Boroughs"], ''The New York Times''.</ref> Muri Mata 2017, hatangajwe ko Adichie yatorewe kuba mu cyiciro cya 237 cy'Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi rya Amerika, kikaba ari kimwe mu byubahiro bihebuje abanyabwenge bo muri Amerika, nk'umwe mu banyamuryango 228 bashya bazinjizwa ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2017 . <ref>[https://www.amacad.org/content/news/pressReleases.aspx?pr=20274 "American Academy of Arts and Sciences Elects 228 National and International Scholars, Artists, Philanthropists, and Business Leaders"], American Academy of Arts and Sciences.</ref> Igitabo aheruka gukora, ''Nshuti Ijeawele, cyangwa Manifeste ya Feministi mu Cyifuzo Cumi na Gatanu'', cyasohowe muri Werurwe 2017, cyaturutse mu ibaruwa Adichie yandikiye inshuti yari yarasabye inama z'uburyo yarera umukobwa we nk'umugore. <ref>Allardice, Lisa (28 April 2018), [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/28/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-feminism-racism-sexism-gender-metoo?subid=18198255&CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2 "Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'This could be the beginning of a revolution'"], ''The Guardian''.</ref> == Inyigisho == Adichie yavuze kuri "Akaga k'Inkuru imwe" ya TED mu 2009. Yabaye umwe mubantu icumi ba mbere bareba TED Ibiganiro byigihe cyose hamwe na miliyoni zirenga cumi neshanu. Ku ya 15 Werurwe 2012, yatanze ikiganiro "Guhuza imico" Inyigisho ya Commonwealth 2012 i Guildhall, London . Adichie yavuze kandi ku kuba umunyarwandakazi wa TEDxEuston mu Kuboza 2012, n'ijambo rye yise: "Twese tugomba kuba abategarugori". Yatangije ikiganiro ku isi hose ku gitsina gore kandi cyasohowe nk'igitabo mu 2014. Yatoranijwe ku ndirimbo " *** Flawless " ya 2013 n'umuhanzi w'umunyamerika Beyoncé, aho yakunze kwitabwaho. [[Dosiye:Chimamanda_creative_writing_workshop.JPG|thumb|Abanditsi bibitabo n'inkuru bakoranaga n'uyu mwanditsi w'umuhanga wo muri Nigeria ]] === "Akaga k'Inkuru imwe" === Adichie yavugiye mu kiganiro TED yise "Akaga k'Inkuru imwe" yashyizwe muri Nyakanga 2009. Muri yo, yagaragaje ko ahangayikishijwe no kudahagararira imico itandukanye. Yasobanuye ko akiri umwana muto, yakunze gusoma inkuru z'Abanyamerika n'Ubwongereza aho abantu bavugaga ahanini bakomoka muri Caucase. Muri iyo nyigisho, yavuze ko kutagaragaza imico itandukanye bishobora guteza akaga: "Ubu, nakunze ibyo bitabo by'Abanyamerika n'Abongereza nasomye. Banteye gutekereza no kumfungurira isi nshya. Ariko ingaruka zitagenderewe yari ko sinari nzi abantu ko nkanjye ashobora kubaho mu bitabo. " Mu nyigisho zose, yakoresheje anecdote kugiti cye kugirango yerekane akamaro ko gusangira inkuru zitandukanye. Yavuze muri make ibijyanye numuhungu wo murugo wakoreraga umuryango we witwa Fide avuga ko ikintu yamuziho ari ukuntu umuryango we wari umukene. Ariko, igihe umuryango wa Adichie wasuraga umudugudu wa Fide, nyina wa Fide yaberetse igitebo murumuna wa Fide yakoze, bituma amenya ko yatanze igitekerezo cye kuri Fide ashingiye kumateka imwe gusa. Adichie yagize ati: "Ntabwo nari natekereje ko umuntu uwo ari we wese mu muryango we ashobora gukora ikintu runaka. Ibyo numvise kuri bo nukuntu bakennye, kuburyo bitabaye ngombwa ko mbona ko ari ikindi kintu cyose uretse abakene. Ubukene bwabo ni yo nkuru yanjye yonyine kuri bo. " Yavuze kandi ko igihe yavaga muri Nijeriya akajya muri kaminuza ya Drexel, yahuye n'ingaruka z'umuco we bwite udahagarariwe. Umunyamerika babanaga yatunguwe no kubona Adichie azi icyongereza kandi ko atigeze yumva umuziki w'amoko. Yavuze kuri ibi: "Mugenzi wanjye twabanaga yari afite inkuru imwe ya Afurika: inkuru imwe y'ibiza. Muri iyi nkuru imwe, ntabwo bishoboka ko Abanyafurika basa na we mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, nta byashobokaga ko ibyiyumvo bigoye kuruta impuhwe, nta nubwo bishoboka ko abantu bahuza. " Adichie yashoje inyigisho yerekana akamaro k'inkuru zitandukanye mumico itandukanye no guhagararirwa bikwiye. Yahamagariye kurushaho gusobanukirwa inkuru kuko abantu bigoye, avuga ko iyo usobanukiwe inkuru imwe gusa, umuntu asobanura nabi abantu, amateka yabo n'amateka yabo. === "Twese dukwiye kuba feministsn(abaharanira uburinganire)" === Mu mwaka wa 2012, Adichie yatanze ikiganiro cya TEDx yise: "Twese dukwiye kuba abategarugori", cyatangiwe kuri TedXEuston i Londres, kimaze kurebwa inshuro zirenga miliyoni eshanu. Yavuze ibyamubayeho byo kuba umunyafrica wigitsina gore, nigitekerezo cye kubijyanye no kubaka uburinganire nigitsina. Adichie yavuze ko ikibazo cyuburinganire ari uko gihindura abo turi bo. Yavuze kandi ati: “Ndarakaye. Uburinganire nkuko bukora muri iki gihe ni akarengane gakabije. Twese dukwiye kurakara. Uburakari bufite amateka maremare yo kuzana impinduka nziza, ariko usibye kurakara, nanjye mfite ibyiringiro kuko nizera cyane ubushobozi bwabantu bwo gukora no kwisubiraho neza. " <ref>[http://vialogue.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/ted-we-should-all-be-feminists-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie-at-tedxeuston-transcript/ "TED | We should all be feminists&nbsp;– Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at TEDxEuston (transcript)"]. Vialogue, 30 December 2013.</ref>{{Listen||pos=right|filename=Beyonce - Flawless.ogg|title="Flawless"|description="Flawless" contains samples of Beyoncé's song "Bow Down / I Been On", and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's speech "We should all be feminists".|format=[[Ogg]]}} Bimwe mu biganiro bya TEDx bya Adichie byatoranijwe mu ndirimbo ya Beyoncé " flawless " mu Kuboza 2013. <ref>Raymer, Miles (4 September 2014), [http://music-mix.ew.com/2014/09/04/beyonce-flawless-billboard-hot-100/ "'Billboard' Hot 100 recap: Beyonce's 'Flawless' finally hits the chart"], ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''.</ref> Umutungo wa kane wasohoye inyandiko ishingiye ku mvugo nk'igitabo cyihariye, ''Twese Tugomba kuba Abagore'', muri 2014. Nyuma Adichie mu kiganiro NPR yavuze ko "ikintu cyose cyatuma urubyiruko ruvuga ku gitsina gore ari ikintu cyiza cyane." <ref name="NPR">[https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker "Feminism Is Fashionable For Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie"]. NPR, 18 March 2014.</ref> Nyuma yaje kwemeza aya magambo mu kiganiro yagiranye n’ikinyamakuru cyo mu Buholandi ''De Volkskrant'' : "Ikindi nanze ni uko nasomye ahantu hose: ubu abantu barangije kumumenya, babikesha Beyoncé, cyangwa: agomba gushimira cyane. Nasanze ibyo bitantengushye. Natekereje nti: Ndi umwanditsi kandi maze igihe runaka kandi nanze kuririmbira muri iyi charade bigaragara ko ntegerejwe: 'Ndashimira Beyoncé, ubuzima bwanjye ntibuzongera kubaho ukundi.' Niyo mpamvu ntigeze mbivugaho byinshi. " Adichie yasobanuyeko ukuntu asobanura nukuntu ashimangira uburinganire bitandukanye n'uko Beyonce(umuhanzikazi) abikora, gusa yumvako bishimishije kuba umugore nkawe ahagarara mubya politiki n'imibereho y'abantu rusange mu myaka mike ishize. Ashimangirako umugore ushyira imbere umwuga we, ukora ibintu bye uko abyumva, afite imbaraga z'umwari. Ntwarwa cyane n'ibyo. == Ibihembo yakiriye == Ku ya 20 Gicurasi 2019, Ngozi Adichie yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya Yale . [[File:Ms._magazine_Cover_-_Summer_2014.jpg|thumb|Adichie ku gifuniko cy'ikinyamakuru ''Madamu'' muri 2014]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s4u4cm8wnuju5d6kks6oj3123q4n1m9 0 8472 77693 73765 2021-08-15T09:41:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Umurenge w'aJuru.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Bugesera_district_map.jpg|thumb|Bugesera district map]] '''Juru''' numwe mu mirenge cumi n'itanu igize [[akarere ka Bugesera]],Akaba ari umurenge uherereye ahagiye kubakwa ikibuga K'indege cya Bugesera.Mwibarura ry'akozwe nikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurisha mibare mu mwaka w' ibihumbi bibiri na cumi na kabiri (2012) ryagaragajeko juru yarituwe nabaturage Ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitatu ma ganatandatu mirongo iridwi na batatu(23673).akaba ari umurenge ahanini ukungahaye ku buhinzi bushingiye mukwiteza imbere kwaburi muturage ,akaba kandi ari umurenge ufite ibikorwa remezo nko kuba hagiye kubakwa ikibuga cy'indege cya bugesera kizaba gihuriraho indege z'ibihugu bitandukanye ,hakaba habarizwa nu mushinga utunganya amazi wa [http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=167&L=3&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=131&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2b7fd71572a41283212346a227da9f89 Greenwater cleaning solution] wazanye igisubizo cyiza kubatuye uwo murenge. ayee270naykwcoe0daa63t3nelubltr 0 8473 78150 76250 2021-08-22T12:50:17Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lupita_Nyong'o_(28350617710).jpg|thumb|Lupita Nyong'o (28350617710)]] [[Dosiye:Lupita_Nyong'o_(36110769341).jpg|thumb|Lupita Nyong'o ]] {{Infobox person|name=Lupita Nyong'o|alt=A close-up of Nyong'o's face|image=SXSW 2019 4 (47282558132) (cropped).jpg|caption=Nyong'o at the 2019 [[South by Southwest]]|birth_name=Lupita Amondi Nyong'o<ref name=YaleSchoolDrama-2012-2013>{{citation|title=School of Drama 2012–2013|work=Bulletin of [[Yale School of Drama]]|date=30 August 2012|accessdate=6 December 2014|url=http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/Drama/Drama_2012-2013.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202104227/http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/archivepdffiles/Drama/Drama_2012-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1983|3|1|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Mexico City]], Mexico|citizenship={{hlist|Kenya|Mexico}}|alma_mater=[[Hampshire College]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br>[[Yale University]] {{small|([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])}}|occupation={{hlist|Actress|author}}|years_active=2005–present|father=[[Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]]|relatives=[[Isis Nyong'o]] (cousin)<br>[[Tavia Nyong'o]] (cousin)|awards=[[List of awards and nominations received by Lupita Nyong'o|Full list]]}} '''Lupita Amondi Nyong'o''' ( US : / l U p i t ə N j ɔː n oʊ /, Kenyan English : [luˈpita ˈɲoŋo] ([[null|link=|Ibyerekeye iri jwi]] ; Spanish: [luˈpita ˈɲoŋɡo] ; yavutse 1 Werurwe 1983) ni Kenya-Mexique umukinnyi wa filime numwanditsi. Umukobwa w’umunyapolitiki wo muri Kenya Peter Anyang 'Nyong'o, Nyong'o yavukiye mu mujyi wa Mexico, aho se yigishaga, akurira muri [[Kenya]] kuva afite umwaka. Yize kaminuza muri Amerika, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na firime na teatre yakuye muri kaminuza ya Hampshire . Nyong'o yatangiye umwuga we muri Hollywood nk'umufasha w’ibicuruzwa. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yatangiye gukina filime ngufi ya ''East River'' hanyuma asubira muri Kenya gukina kuri televiziyo ''Shuga'' (2009–2012). Muri 2009 kandi, yanditse, akora kandi ayobora documentaire ''Muri My Genes .'' Yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu gukina Yale School of Drama . Nyuma gato yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime nka Patsey mu ikinamico ya biografiya ya Steve McQueen yerekana ''imyaka 12 Yabaye Umucakara'' (2013), aho yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi, harimo igihembo cya Akademiki cy’umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi . Yabaye umukinnyi wa mbere w’umunyakenya n’umunyamerikakazi wegukanye igihembo cya Academy . Nyong'o yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Broadway ari impfubyi yingimbi mu ikinamico ''Eclipsed'' (2015), akaba yaratorewe igihembo cya Tony igihembo cy’umukinnyi mwiza w’umukino . Aragenda ku gukina nka Maz Kanata muri <nowiki><i id="mwMQ">Star Wars</i></nowiki> babyemerewe trilogy (2015-2019) kandi aba Raksha mu ''The Jungle Book'' (2016). Umwuga Nyong'o amajyambere na uruhare nk'uko Nakia mu Ntimutangazwe Cinematic Universe ndengakamere film ''Black Panther'' (2018) na we yakinye mu Yorodani Peele 's amahinyu yitirirwa n'ikinya film ''Us'' (2019). Usibye gukina, Nyong'o ashyigikira kubungabunga amateka . Avuga cyane gukumira ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no guharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore n’inyamaswa. Mu 2014, yari yitwa umugore mwiza cyane n'''abantu'' . Nyong'o yanditse kandi igitabo cy'abana cyitwa ''Sulwe'' (2019), cyabaye ''icya'' mbere muri <nowiki><i id="mwRQ">New York Times</i></nowiki> Cyiza-Mugurisha . Muri 2019 kandi, Nyong'o yavuze uburyo bwa Discovery Channel docu-serie ''Serengeti'', byamuhesheje igihembo cya Primetime Emmy Award kuba Indashyikirwa . Nyong'o yashyizwe mu rutonde rwa "Abagore 50 bakomeye" muri Afurika na ''Forbes'' mu 2020. == Ubuzima bwambere hamwe namateka == Nyong'o yavutse ku ya 1 Werurwe 1983, avukira mu mujyi wa Mexico, muri [[Megizike]], ku babyeyi [[Kenya|b'Abanyakenya]], Dorothy Ogada Buyu <ref name="fdr1">Stated on ''[[Finding Your Roots]]'', 14 November 2017</ref> na Peter Anyang 'Nyong'o, umwarimu wa kaminuza. Uyu muryango wari wavuye muri Kenya mu 1980 igihe runaka kubera gukandamizwa muri politiki n'imvururu; Murumuna wa Peter, Charles Nyong'o, yaburiwe irengero nyuma yo kujugunywa mu bwato mu 1980. Nyong'o avuga ko ari Umunyakenya-Mexico kandi afite ubwenegihugu bubiri bwa Kenya na Mexico. Akomoka mu gace ka Luo ku mpande zombi z'umuryango we, kandi ni uwa kabiri mu bana batandatu. Ni umuco w'abaturage ba Luo kwita umwana amazina y'ibyabaye kuri uwo munsi, bityo ababyeyi be bamuha izina ry'icyesipanyoli, Lupita ( kugabanya Guadalupe ). Se yahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuvuzi muri guverinoma ya Kenya. Igihe yavukaga, yari umwarimu wasuye siyanse ya politiki muri El Colegio de México mu mujyi wa Mexico. Uyu muryango wasubiye mu gihugu cyabo cya Kenya igihe Nyong'o yari atarageza ku mwaka umwe, kuko se yagizwe umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Nairobi . Yakuriye cyane cyane i Nairobi, anasobanura uburere bwe "icyiciro cyo hagati, mumujyi". Igihe yari afite imyaka 16, ababyeyi be bamwohereje muri Mexico amezi arindwi kwiga icyesipanyoli. Muri ayo mezi arindwi, Nyong'o yabaga muri Taxco, muri Guerrero, kandi yiga amasomo muri Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México yiga ibijyanye nabanyamahanga. Nyong'o yakuriye mu muryango wubuhanzi, aho bahuriraga hamwe akenshi harimo ibitaramo byabana, ningendo zo kureba amakinamico. Yize mu ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Rusinga muri Kenya kandi akina munyinamico yo mu ishuri. Ku myaka 14, Nyong'o yatangiye gukina umwuga we wa mbere nka Juliet muri ''Romeo na Juliet'' mu bicuruzwa byakozwe na sosiyete ikora repertory ya [[Nairobi]] ishingiye kuri Phoenix Players . Mugihe umunyamuryango wa Phoenix Abakinnyi, Nyong'o yanakinnye mu ikinamico ''Kuri The Razzle'' na ''Hano Genda Umugeni'' . Nyong'o avuga ibikorwa by'abakinnyi b'amafirime b'Abanyamerika Whoopi Goldberg na Oprah Winfrey muri ''Ibara ry'umuyugubwe'' amutera imbaraga zo gukora umwuga wo gukina umwuga. Nyong'o yaje kwiga mu ishuri ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Mariya (St. Mary's school) i Nairobi, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya IB mu 2001. Yagiye muri Amerika muri kaminuza, arangiza muri Hampshire College afite impamyabumenyi mu bijyanye na firime na teatre. Mu 2013, ise yatorewe guhagararira Intara ya Kisumu muri Sena ya Kenya maze muri 2017, aba Guverineri . Nyina wa Nyong'o ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Fondasiyo ya Kanseri ya Afurika ndetse na sosiyete ye y'itumanaho . Abandi bagize umuryango barimo Tavia Nyong'o, intiti akaba n'umwarimu muri kaminuza ya New York ; Omondi Nyong'o, umuganga w'amaso w'abana i Palo Alto, Californiya, muri Amerika; Kwame Nyong'o, umwe mu bayobozi ba animasiyo ba Kenya akaba n'inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga; n'ikinyamakuru ''Forbes'', Isis Nyong'o, umuyobozi w'itangazamakuru n'ikoranabuhanga wagizwe umwe mu bakobwa bakomeye bo muri Afurika bakomeye. == Umwuga == === Akazi ka mbere (2005–2012) === Nyong'o yatangiye umwuga we akora nk'abakozi bo mu mafilime menshi, harimo nka ''The Constant Gardener ya'' Fernando Meirelles (2005), Mira Nair ''<nowiki/>'s The Namesake'' (2006), na Salvatore Stabile ''aho Imana yasize inkweto'' ( 2007). Avuga Ralph Fiennes, umustari w’Ubwongereza wa ''The Constant Gardener'', nkumuntu wamuteye inkunga yo gukora umwuga wo gukina umwuga. Muri 2008, Nyong'o yakinnye muri filime ngufi ya ''East River'', iyobowe na Marc Gray ikorerwa i Brooklyn . Muri uwo mwaka yagarutse muri Kenya maze agaragara muri televiziyo yo muri Kenya ''Shuga'', ikinamico ya MTV Base Africa / UNICEF ivuga ku kwirinda virusi itera SIDA . Mu mwaka wa 2009, yanditse, ayobora kandi asohora documentaire ''Muri My Genes'', ivuga ku ivangura rikorerwa abaturage ba albino bo muri Kenya. Yakinnye mu birori byinshi bya firime kandi yegukana igihembo cya mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya gatanu rya 2008. Nyong'o yayoboye kandi amashusho y'indirimbo "Utuntu duto ukora" ya Wahu, agaragaramo Bobi Wine, yatorewe igihembo cyiza kurusha ibindi cya Video nziza muri MTV Africa Music Awards 2009 . Nyong'o yize amashuri ya master's mu gukina amafilime muri Yale School of Drama. Muri Yale kandi, yagaragaye mubindi byinshi, harimo Gertrude Stein's ''Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights'', Chekhov's ''Uncle Vanya'', na William Shakespeare's ''The Taming of the Shrew na The Winter's Tale''. Akiri muri Yale kandi, yatsinduye Herschel Williams Prize muri 2011–12 mumwaka wamashuri wa "acting students with outstanding ability" bisobanuye abakinnyi binyinamico bafite ubushobozi buhanitse. === Amafilime nintambwe (2013–2015) === Akimara kurangiza Yale, Nyong'o yahise agira uruhare rukomeye ubwo yakinaga mu ikinamico y’amateka ya Steve McQueen ''Imyaka 12 Umucakara'' (2013). Iyi filime yahuye n'abantu benshi bashimwa, ishingiye ku buzima bwa Solomon Northup (yakinnye na Chiwetel Ejiofor ), umugabo w’umunyamerika wavukiye mu bwisanzure w’umunyamerika ukomoka mu majyaruguru ya New York washimuswe akagurishwa mu bucakara i Washington, DC, muri 1841. Nyong'o yakinnye nka Patsey, umugaragu ukorana na Northup mu gihingwa cya pamba cya Louisiana; imikorere ye yahuye nibisobanuro byiza. Ian Freer ''w'Ingoma'' yanditse ko "atanga umwe mu bakinnyi ba mbere berekana amashusho manini yatekerejweho," kandi Peter Travers yongeraho ko "ari umukinnyi w'amafirime udasanzwe winjiza Patsey n'ubuntu bukabije. [[File:12_Years_a_Slave_NYFF_(1).jpg|thumb|Nyong'o hamwe na mugenzi we Michael Fassbender mu birori ''byimyaka 12 Umucakara'' (2013). Imyitwarire ye muri film yamuhesheje igihembo cya Academy cyumukinnyi witwaye neza .]] Nyong'o yatorewe ibihembo byinshi mu ''myaka 12 Umucakara'', harimo igihembo cya Golden Globe igihembo cy’umukinnyi w’abakinnyi witwaye neza, igihembo cya BAFTA cy’umukinnyi witwaye neza mu nshingano zunganira, hamwe n’ibihembo bibiri by’abakinnyi ba Guild Awards, harimo n’umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi, yatsindiye. . Yahawe kandi igihembo cya Akademiki kubera yabaye Umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi, abaye umukinnyi wa gatandatu w’umukinnyi w’umukara wegukanye igihembo. Niwe mukinnyi wa mbere w’umukinnyi wa Afurika wegukanye iki gihembo, umukinnyi wa mbere w’umukinnyi wa Kenya wegukanye Oscar, n’umunyamerika wa mbere wegukanye iki gihembo. Yabaye umukinnyi wa 15 watsindiye Oscar kubera gukina bwa mbere muri firime. Nyuma yuruhare rushyigikira mubikorwa-bishimishije ''Non-Stop'' (2014), Nyong'o yakinnye muri ''Star Wars: The Force Awakens'' (2015) nka Force -sensitive space pirate Maz Kanata, imiterere ya CGI yaremye ikoresheje icyerekezo gufata ikoranabuhanga. Nyong'o yavuze ko yashakaga kugira uruhare aho isura ye itari ngombwa. Gukina byatanze ikibazo gitandukanye ninshingano ze nka Patsey. Scott Mendelson wo muri ''Forbes'' yavuze ko uruhare rwa Nyong'o ari "ihuriro ry'urutonde rwiza rwa filime," naho Stephanie Zacharek wo mu ''gihe'' yamwitaga "imico mito ishimishije". Nyong'o yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w’umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bihembo bya 42 bya Saturne ndetse n’imikorere myiza ya Virtual muri MTV Movie Awards 2016 kubera uruhare rwe. Muri 2015, Nyong'o yagarutse kuri stage afite uruhare runini nk'umukobwa utaravuzwe izina mu ikinamico ''Eclipsed'', yanditswe na Danai Gurira . Ikinamico ibera mugihe cy'akajagari k'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Abanyalibiya, aho abagore bajyanywe bunyago n'umutwe w'abasirikare bigometse hamwe bashinga umuganda, kugeza igihe ubuzima bwabo bubabajwe no kuza k'umukobwa mushya (wakinnye na Nyong'o ). ''Eclipsed'' yabaye Theatre rusange yagurishijwe cyane mu bicuruzwa bishya mu mateka ya vuba kandi yegukana Nyong'o igihembo cya Obie kubera ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. Ikinamico yerekanwe kuri Broadway kuri John Golden Theatre umwaka ukurikira. Wari ikinamico yambere yerekanwe kuri Broadway hamwe nabakinnyi bose birabura nabagore bahanga hamwe nabakozi. Nyong'o yavuze ko atigeze yiga ikinamico i Yale byimbitse mu 2009 kandi ko afite ubwoba bwo gukina iyo mico kuri stage. Imikorere ye yahuye nogushimwa. ''The New York Times'' ' Charles Isherwood yise Nyong'o "umwe mu bakinnyi beza bakiri bato waba ubonetse kuri Broadway mu bihe bishize, ugaragaza afite uimpuhwe btuma tureba imbere y'akababaro tukanabona ubumuntu bwabakinnyi. Igitaramo cya Nyong'o muri ''Eclipsed cyamuhesheje'' igihembo cya Theatre World Award kubera Indashyikirwa ya Broadway cyangwa Off-Broadway ya mbere ndetse anahatanira igihembo cya Tony igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza mu gukina . Byongeye kandi, yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w’umukinnyi w’indashyikirwa mu ikinamico muri Outer Critics Circle Award ndetse n’igihembo cyitwaye neza mu bihembo bya Drama League . Nyong'o yavuze ko yanze filime za Hollywood. === Inshingano zo gufata, Black Panther ''natwe'' (2016 - ubungubu) === [[File:Lupita_Nyong'o_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg|thumb|Nyong'o muri San Diego Comic-Con 2016]] Nyong'o yakinnye mu ''gitabo cyitwa Jungle Book'' (2016) cya Jon Favreau, cyahinduwe mu buryo bwa Live / CGI cyahinduwe n’umwimerere wacyo wa 1967, avuga Raksha, impyisi y’umubyeyi urera Mowgli (yakinnye na Neel Sethi). Robbie Collin wo mu ''kinyamakuru Daily Telegraph'' yanditse mu isubiramo rye ko Nyong'o yazanye "icyubahiro cyoroheje" ku ruhare rwe. Nyuma yaje gukinana ''n’umwamikazi wa'' Mira Nair ''wa Katwe'' (2016), biopic ishingiye ku nkuru y’ukuri ivuga ku izamuka ry’umusore w’umupira w’amaguru wa Uganda, Phiona Mutesi (wakinnye na Madina Nalwanga), uba Umugore Umukandida Master nyuma yimyitwarire ye muri World Chess Olympiads . Nyong'o yakinnye nka nyina urinda Phiona, Nakku Harriet. Brian Tallerico wo muri RogerEbert.com yagize ati: "Nyong'o ni umuntu utangaje. Afite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kuvuga inyuma. " Geoff Berkshire wo muri ''Variety'' yise imikorere ya Nyong'o "Byoroheje cyane mu ruhare rwe rwa mbere rwibikorwa kuva yatwara Oscar mu ''myaka 12 Umucakara'' [...] ashyiramo icyashoboraga kuba umubyeyi ufite imigabane n'umuriro w'imbere kuburyo Harriet yumva akwiye kugira firime ye bwite. " Nyong'o yerekanye uruhare rwe nka Maz Kanata muri Rian Johnson ' ''Star Wars: The Last Jedi'' (2017), ndetse no muri animasiyo ya ''Star Wars Force of Destiny'' . Umwaka wakurikiyeho, yakinnye nka maneko Nakia, wahoze ari umunyamuryango wa Dora Milaje, itsinda ry’abagore bakora nk'ingabo zidasanzwe za Wakanda ndetse n'abashinzwe kurinda abantu kuri T'Challa / Black Panther ( Chadwick Boseman ), muri filime y'ibihangange ya Ryan Coogler . ''Black Panther'' (2018), yaranze film ya cumi n'umunani muri Marvel Cinematic Universe . Mu rwego rwo kwitegura urwo ruhare, Nyong'o yize kuvuga [[Ikigisosa|Xhosa]] maze akora imyitozo ya judo, jujitsu, silat, na Filipine. David Betancourt wo mu ''kinyamakuru Washington Post'' yanditse ko filime "ifata sinema y'intwari aho itigeze igenda mbere yo kudatinya kwakira umwijima wayo"; yashimye byimazeyo Nyong'o yerekana imico ye kubera ko yirinze kwerekana imiterere y’umudamu uyoboye wumwirabura, yandika ko "atera inkoni, arasa imbunda kandi yiba imitima mu ruhare asa nkaho yabivukiye." ''Black Panther'' yinjije miliyari zisaga 1.34 z'amadolari kugira ngo agaragare nka filime ya cumi na rimwe yinjije amafaranga menshi mu bihe byose . Nyong'o yahawe igihembo cya Saturn igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri film. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa ''Black Panther'', Nyong'o yakinnye nk'umwarimu w'incuke ukorana na zombie apocalypse muri filime iteye ubwoba yo gusetsa yitwa ''Little Monsters'' (2019). Amy Nicholson wo muri ''Variety'' yanditse ko Nyong'o "urwenya rwinshi nubuntu byerekana urushyi". Amajyepfo ya 2019 na Southwest yerekanye premiere ye izasohoka ubutaha, Jordan Peele ya filime iteye ubwoba ya ''Us'' . Ivuga amateka yumuryango uhura na doppelgängers zabo. Emily Yoshida wo mu kinyamakuru ''New York yavuze'' ko uruhare rwe "rutangaje" maze asanga kwerekana ko doppelgänger ari "ibyagezweho ku rundi rwego; imikorere y'umubiri, ijwi, n'amarangamutima ku buryo butamenyekana bisa nkaho bidashoboka kuba ari umurimo w'umuntu ufite umubiri n'amaraso. " ''Twinjije'' miliyoni zisaga 252 z'amadolari ugereranije n'ingengo ya miliyoni 20 z'amadolari. Muri Studiyo Yisi Yose ya Halloween Horror Night, Nyong'o yitabiriye akajagari katewe na firime maze agaragara imbere muri attraction yambaye nkimiterere ye Umutuku. Nyong'o yegukanye igihembo cya Filime y'abakinnyi ba Filime kubera ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa byakozwe n'umukinnyi w’umugore mu mwanya wa mbere kandi yatsindiye igihembo cy’ishusho cya NAACP ku bakinnyi beza . Muri 2019 kandi, Nyong'o yavuze urukurikirane rwa documentaire ya Discovery Channel ''Serengeti'', ivuga ku nyamaswa zo mu bidukikije bya Serengeti . Nyong'o yavuze ku kubura kw'abagore b'Abanyafurika bavuga documentaire z’ibidukikije ndetse n’uko ikipe ya ''Serengeti yamushishikarije'' gukoresha imvugo kavukire ya Kenya kuri uru rukurikirane. Yakomeje kubona igihembo cye cya mbere cya Emmy Award kubera ibyo yavuze nk'umuvugizi w’indashyikirwa mu birori bya 72 bya Primetime Emmy Awards, bituma aba umwirabura wa gatatu w’umwirabura watowe muri iki cyiciro. Yatorewe kandi igihembo cya NAACP Ishusho yigihembo cyimiterere-Ijwi rirenga. Yakiriye documentaire ya Channel 4 ' ''Warrior Women hamwe na Lupita Nyong'o'', aho yagiye mu rugendo yambukiranya [[Bene|Benin]], Afurika y'Iburengerazuba gushakisha Amazone ya Dahomey . Nyong'o yerekanye uruhare rwe nka Maz Kanata ku nshuro ya gatatu muri ''Star Wars: Izamuka rya Skywalker'', ryagaragaje igice cya nyuma cya trilogy ya ''Star Wars'' . Muri 2020, yavuze icyogajuru cya Hayden Planetarium, ''Isi Irenze Isi'' . Yagaragaye kuri Global Citizen yateguye ibirori bya tereviziyo, ''Twese hamwe Murugo'' . Nyong'o yinjiye mu maradiyo yerekanwe na ''Richard II wo'' muri Theatre rusange na WNYC nk'Umuvugizi. Yagaragaye muri filime y’umuziki ya Beyoncé ''Black Is King'', yerekanwe bwa mbere kuri Disney + muri Nyakanga 2020. ==== Imishinga iri imbere ==== Nyong'o azakina mu itsinda rya maneko- maneko wa Simon Kinberg ''355'' (2021), hamwe na Jessica Chastain, Penélope Cruz, Fan Bingbing, na Diane Kruger . Akora y'amajyambere televiziyo series bishingiye ku [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] 's novel ''Americanah'', akaba hazava na star mu. Yagize hazava na utunyenyeri mu ''Born cyibasiye,'' a film bayigire iyabo Trevor Nowa ' memoir izina kimwe, aho agiye gukina nyina Nowa, Patricia. Azongera guhura numuyobozi Abe Forsythe hamwe nitsinda ryaremye inyuma ya firime iteye ubwoba ya firime ''Ntoya Monsters'' kugirango azakinwe muri firime yo gusetsa siyanse. == Ubuzima bwite hamwe nakazi ka ecran == Nyong'o atuye i Brooklyn, muri New York . Avuga neza [[Igiswahili]], [[Icyesipanyole|Icyesipanyoli]], Luo, [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]] . Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2014, muri ''Essence'' Abagore b'Abirabura Muri saa sita za Hollywood i Beverly Hills, yatanze ijambo ku bwiza bw'abagore b'abirabura maze avuga ku mutekano muke yari afite akiri ingimbi. Yavuze ko ibitekerezo bye byahindutse abonye supermodel yo muri Sudani yepfo Alek Wek atsinze. [[File:Lupita_Nyong'o_(82038)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Nyong'o mu birori byo Igihe cyashize muri 2018]] Mu mwaka wa 2014, Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga amateka cyashakishije Nyong'o mu rwego rwo kurwanya iterambere, harimo na sitade nshya ya shampiyona ya baseball, mu gace ka Shockoe Bottom ka Richmond, muri Virijiniya . Abaturanyi b'amateka, umwe mu bakera ba kera ba Richmond, niho hacururizwaga imbata zikomeye mbere y'intambara y'abanyamerika . Ku ya 19 Ukwakira 2014, Nyong'o yoherereje umuyobozi w'akarere ka Richmond Dwight C. Jones ibaruwa ayishyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, imusaba gukuraho inkunga yashyigikiraga icyifuzo cy'iterambere. Nyuma yaho yagurije ijwi mu Conservation International "Nature ni Avuga" ubukangurambaga 'nk'uko flower ku. Nyong'o agira uruhare mu ishyirahamwe Mother Health International, ryita ku gutanga ubufasha ku bagore n'abana bo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] bashiraho ibigo byabyara. Yavuze ko atazigera atekereza cyane ku bijyanye no kubyara kugeza igihe mushiki we amumenyesheje umuyobozi mukuru wa MHI, Rachel Zaslow. Nyong'o yumvise azana ibitekerezo kubibazo nkibi ariko birengagijwe ni manda kuri we nkumuhanzi. Yahawe icyubahiro kubikorwa bye muri 2016 na ''Variety'' . Muri Mata 2016, Nyong'o yatangije ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya "imitima n'ubwenge" hamwe n'umuryango we Wildaid mbere yo gutwika amahembe y'inzovu mu gihugu cya Kenya cyabaye ku ya 30 Mata. Guverinoma Kenya atwika 105 toni ya y'inzovu na toni 1,35 ya rhino ihembe mu kugaragaza uburyo bwabo zero tolerance to rushimusi na magendu bari guhungabanya kurokoka wa inzovu Rhinoceros mu ishyamba. Mu Ukwakira 2017, Nyong'o yanditse op-ed kuko ''The New York Times'', mu akaba yagaragaje ko Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein muryamana we kabiri mu 2011, mu gihe yari umunyeshuri muri Yale. Yahize ko atazigera akorana na Weinstein, bityo akanga uruhare rwe muri ''Southpaw'' (2015). Nyong'o yanditse kandi ku byo yiyemeje gukorana n'abayobozi b'abagore cyangwa abayobozi b'abagore b'abagore, batakoresheje nabi ububasha bwabo. Iyi op-ed yari igice cyicyegeranyo cyinkuru zakozwe na ''New York Times'' na ''The New Yorker'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Pulitzer cya 2018 kubakozi ba leta . Nyong'o yatangiye kwandika igitabo cye cyitwa ''Sulwe'' (2019), cyanditswe na Simon &amp;amp; Schuster Books for Young Readers . ''Sulwe'' ( Luo kuri "inyenyeri") ninkuru ''yumukobwa wumunyakenya'' wimyaka itanu, ufite ibara ryijimye mumuryango we, Nyong'o akifashisha ibyamubayeho akiri umwana. Igitabo cyahindutse ''New York Times'' Cyiza-Kugurisha. ''Sulwe'' yatoranijwe mu cyubahiro cya Illustrator 2020 muri Coretta Scott King Awards kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byindashyikirwa - Abana muri 2020 NAACP Image Awards. Muri Nzeri 2019, Nyong'o yabaye ambasaderi mu bukangurambaga bwa "Kurikirana inzara" ya Michael Kors . Mu Kwakira, Nyong'o na nyina bahawe icyubahiro mu ishuri rya Harlem School of Arts 'Mask Ball hamwe na "Visionary Lineage Award". Hanyuma, yahawe icyubahiro muri WildAid kubona igihembo cya "Nyampinga wumwaka" mu Gushyingo. Muri 2020, Centre nyafurika yatangaje Nyong'o nk'umwe mu bagize akanama kayo gashinzwe umutekano. == Mu bitangazamakuru == Nyong'o yavuzwe mu ndirimbo yise “Nuthin” umuraperi w’umukirisitu Lecrae wo muri alubumu ye ya ''Anomaly'' 2014 kandi yavuzwe na Jay-Z mu murongo we wo mu ndirimbo ya Jay Electronica yise “Twabikoze”. Yavuzwe kandi mu ndirimbo ya parody "Umunyamerika Wambaye Ad Ad Girls" n’umwamikazi ukurura Willam Belli, Courtney Act na Alaska Thunderfuck . Nyong'o yavuzwe mu ndirimbo yo muri Afurika 2015 "Nerea" n'itsinda rya Sauti Sol ryo muri Kenya. Umuraperi Nicki Minaj yavuze Lupita mu murongo we kuri remix ya A $ AP Ferg ya " Plain Jane " kandi yavuzwe n'umuraperi Wale mu ndirimbo ye "Umukara ni Zahabu". Umuhanzi Beyoncé yavuze Nyong'o mu ndirimbo imwe " Umukobwa w'uruhu rwa Brown " wo muri ''Ntare King Soundtrack'' (2019). [[File:Ms._magazine_Cover_-_Spring_2016.jpg|thumb|Nyong'o ku gifuniko cya ''Madamu'']] Nyong'o yashyizwe mu rutonde rwambaye neza rwa Derek Blasberg muri 2013 muri ''Bazaar ya Harper'' . Muri 2014, yatorewe kuba umwe mu bantu bazitabira ubukangurambaga bwa Miu Miu, hamwe na Elizabeth Olsen, Elle Fanning na Bella Heathcote . Yagaragaye kandi ku gifuniko cy’ibinyamakuru byinshi, harimo ikibazo cy’imyambarire ya ''New York'' ndetse n’ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bwongereza ''Dazed &amp;amp; Confused'' . Muri Mata muri uwo mwaka, yari yitwa " The mwiza Woman " by ''Abantu'' . kandi yiswe isura nshya ya Lancôme, bituma aba umwirabura wa mbere wagaragaye ku kirango. Nyuma yaho Ugushyingo, yiswe " Umugore wumwaka " na ''Glamour'' . Nyong'o yari ku gifubiko cya ''Vogue'' muri Nyakanga 2014, amugira umugore wa kabiri w’umunyafurika n’umugore wa cyenda w’umwirabura wanditse iki kinyamakuru. Muri uko kwezi kandi yagaragaye no ku gifuniko cy’ikinyamakuru cya ''Elle'' (Ubufaransa). Yagaragaye ku nomero yo mu Kwakira 2015 ya American ''Vogue'', bituma iba igifuniko cye cya kabiri gikurikiranye. Muri uko kwezi, Depite Charles Rangel na Voza Rivers, umuyobozi w’itsinda rishya ry’umurage w’umurage, batangaje ko uwo munsi ari "umunsi wa Lupita Nyong'o" i Harlem, muri New York. Iki cyubahiro cyatangajwe mu buryo butunguranye mu kiganiro cyeruye hagati ya Nyong'o n’umukangurambaga w’amashusho Michaela Angela Davis i Mist Harlem. Nyong'o yashyizwe mu kibazo cya Annie Leibovitz cyo muri 2016 ''Vanity Fair'' ' Ikibazo cya Hollywood. Nyong'o yahawe igihembo cyerekana amashusho muri Gicurasi 2016 muri resitora ya Sardi mu mujyi wa New York kubera ko yatangiriye kuri Broadway. Muri Nyakanga, yatorewe kuba umwe mu byamamare bya mbere, ari kumwe na Elle Fanning, Christy Turlington Burns, na Natalie Westling kugira ngo bakine mu bukangurambaga bwa Tiffany &amp;amp; Co 'Fall 2016 bwanditswe na Grace Coddington . Nyong'o yagaragaye ku gifuniko cya ''Vogue'' October Ukwakira 2016, bimubera ikibazo cya gatatu. Muri uko kwezi, yari umunyacyubahiro muri Elle Women 2016 muri Hollywood Awards. Muri Mutarama 2017, yagaragaye ku gifuniko cya ''Vanity Fair'' ' Ikibazo cya Hollywood. Nyuma yaje kugaragara ku gifuniko cy’ikinyamakuru ''The Sunday Times Magazine'' cyo mu Bwongereza ku nomero yabo yo mu Kwakira 2017. Ugushyingo 2017, yagaragaye ku gifuniko cy'ikinyamakuru ''Grazia UK'' . Nyuma yaje kwerekana ko atishimiye igifuniko ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kubera guhindura umusatsi kugira ngo uhuze n’ibipimo by’i Burayi byerekana uko umusatsi ugomba kumera. Nyuma yo gufotora An Le yasabye imbabazi mu magambo ye, avuga ko ari "ikosa ridasanzwe". Nyong'o akunze kuvuga kubyerekeye guhobera "umusatsi wo muri Afurika kinky" kandi agafatanya nogukora imisatsi Vernon François kugirango yerekane uburyo imisatsi ye itandukanye. Ukuboza 2017, Nyong'o ''yinjije'' igifuniko cya kane cya ''Vogue'' yikurikiranya ku kibazo cyo muri Mutarama 2018, amugira umukinnyi wa mbere w’umukara w’umukara wabikoze. Yinjijwe kandi muri Tim Walker yo muri 2018 ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' - ifite insanganyamatsiko ya Pirelli nkumuntu Dormouse . Muri Kamena 2018, Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Hollywood rwatangaje ko Nyong'o azaba ari mu cyubahiro cyo kwakira inyenyeri kuri Walk Walk of Fame ya Hollywood mu cyiciro cya filime. Ukwezi kwakurikiyeho, Nyong'o yakinnye na mugenzi we wa filime Saoirse Ronan mu gikorwa cyo kwiyamamaza kwa Calvin Klein kubera impumuro nziza yabo yise "Abagore ba Calvin Klein". Muri ubu bukangurambaga hagaragaramo amashusho atangaje, ntoya yerekana abakinnyi ba filime batsindiye ibihembo hamwe n’abagore ku giti cyabo bahumekewe, aho Nyong'o yise Eartha Kitt na Katharine Hepburn nk’ibitekerezo bye. Mu Kwakira 2018, Nyong'o yabaye icyubahiro inshuro ebyiri, ari kumwe na mugenzi we bakinana na ''Black Panther'' Danai Gurira na Angela Bassett ku kinyamakuru cya ''Elle'' "Abagore muri Hollywood". Nyong'o yagaragaye ku gifuniko cya ''Vogue'' España yo mu Gushyingo 2018. Nyong'o ni Walk Walk of Fame ya 2019 ya Honouree. Nyong'o yagaragaye ku gifuniko cya nomero ya ''Vanity Fair yo mu'' Kwakira 2019. Mu Gushyingo, yatangiye umuziki we ku ndirimbo ye ya mbere yise "Indirimbo ya Sulwe", yanditse ku gitabo cye cyitwa ''Sulwe'' . Nanone rwaravuzwe ku muhanzi Ciara ' indirimbo "Melanin" munsi moniker, "icyago" hamwe La La Anthony, City Girls, na Ester Dean . "Melanin" yatorewe igihembo cye muri BET Awards 2020. Nyong'o vyatumye isura mbere ku British ubuseribateri 'Gashyantare '20 cover. Muri Werurwe 2020, yagaragaye ku rutonde rwa "Abagore 50 bakomeye" muri Afurika na ''Forbes'' . == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2008 | ''Uruzi rw'iburasirazuba'' | F. | Filime ngufi |- | 2013 | ''Imyaka 12 Umucakara'' | Patsey | |- | 2014 | ''Kudahagarara'' | Gwen Lloyd | |- | 2015 | ''Intambara Yinyenyeri: Imbaraga Zikangura'' | Maz Kanata | |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''Igitabo cy'ishyamba'' | Raksha (ijwi) | |- | ''Umwamikazi wa Katwe'' | Nakku Harriet | |- | 2017 | ''Intambara yinyenyeri: Jedi Yanyuma'' | Maz Kanata | |- | 2018 | ''Umwirabura'' | Nakia | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | ''Ibinyamanswa bito'' | Miss Audrey Caroline | |- | ''Twebwe'' | Adelaide Wilson / Umutuku | |- | ''Intambara yinyenyeri: Kuzamuka kwa Skywalker'' | Maz Kanata | |- | 2020 | ''Umwirabura Ni Umwami'' | We wenyine | |- | 2021 | ''355'' | TBA | Nyuma yumusaruro |- |} === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2009–2012 | ''Shuga'' | Ayira | Ibice 5 |- | 2017–2018 | ''Inyenyeri Intambara Imbaraga Zibihe'' | rowspan="2" | Maz Kanata (ijwi) | Ibice 32 |- | 2018 | ''Inyenyeri Intambara Inyeshyamba'' | Ububiko;<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Igice: "Isi Hagati y'Isi" |- | 2019 | ''Serengeti'' | Umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | TBA | ''Amerika'' | Ifemelu | Miniseries zizaza, na producer nyobozi |} === Imikino ya videwo === [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0dwayls90lztkacemk5edttes32s1k0 0 8474 79158 77081 2021-08-31T09:22:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Emmanuella.jpg|thumb|Emmanuella Umunyarwenya umaze kumenyekana ku isi hose.]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Nigeria]] {{Infobox YouTube personality|name= Emmanuella Samuel|nationality=[[Nigerians|Nigerian]]|catchphrase(s)=|associated_acts=[[Mark Angel (producer)|Mark Angel]]|genre=Comedy|years_active=2015-present|channel_name= MarkAngelComedy|pseudonym= Emmanuella|occupation=Comedian|education= Brighton Gate Academy School, [[Port Harcourt]]|birth_place=[[Port Harcourt]], [[Rivers State]], Nigeria|logo= Emmanuella.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|2010|07|22}}|birth_name=Emmanuella Samuel|caption=|alt=|image_size=|image=|logo_caption= Emmanuella in 2017|logo_alt=|logo_size=|silver_button=}}'''Emmanuella Samweli''' (yavutse Nyakanga 22, 2010), umuntu utari uzwi ubu akaba azwi nkan'''Emmanuella,''' YouTube umwana Umucyinyi Wibisekeje (urwenya) kuri Mariko Angel kumuyoboro wa YouTube. Emmanuella yagaragaye bwa mbere ku gice cya 34, yise "Who Mess?" == Umwuga == Emanuella yinjiye mu rwenya afite imyaka itanu. Yari mu kiruhuko cyumuryango ahura na Angel. Yari akeneye abana bamwe kugirango akine urwenya, maze ahamagara abana bake yari azi kugirango bagenzurwe, ariko ntibashobora gufata mu mutwe imirongo yabo hanyuma ahindukirira Emmanuella. Nubwo amasaha cumi n'umunani yafashwe amashusho, akantu yakoze kugirango agerageze kwihangana kwabana, Emanuella yakoze neza. Amaze gutoranywa, Angel yagombaga kumvisha ababyeyi be kumureka akaba umwe mubagize itsinda rya Mark Angel Comedy maze baramwemerera. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gusetsa"This is Not My Real Face Oh" bisobanuye "Iyi si Isura Yanjye Yukuri Oh", aho yarimo asetsa umunyeshuri mugenzi we batazi ko umunyeshuri ari umwana w’umuyobozi w’ishuri. Uru rwenya rugufi yagaragaye kurupapuro rwa Facebook rwa CNN . <ref>http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/cnn-features-6-year-old-emmanuella-crowns-africas-popular-youngest-comedienne-internet</ref> Ku ya 2 Mata 2020, mu gihe cyo gufunga kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, Emmanuella, Intsinzi, na Regina Daniels bagaragaye mu gikinisho cya Ofego cyiswe " Gufunga " ku rubuga rwe rwa YouTube bakoresheje amashusho y’ububiko. <ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S46iwCmoGv0</ref> == Ibihembo no gushimirwa == Muri 2018, Emanuella yatumiwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko na Perezida wa Sena, Bukola Saraki, kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ya Disney . Yatangaje uruhare rwe muri film ya Disney kumurongo wa Instagram. Muri 2016, Emanuella yatsindiye igihembo cya Top Subscribe Creator kuva kuri YouTube mugihe cyo gutangiza ibihembo bya YouTube yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara . Yatsindiye kandi ibihembo byiza bya Comedienne & Princess of Comedy awards muri Afro-Ositaraliya Music & Movie Awards (AAMMA). Yakiriwe na CNN mu Gushyingo 2016. Muri 2015, yatsindiye G-Influence Niger Delta idasanzwe ya Talent Award. [[Dosiye:Emmanuella_Sulemana_Stevenson_02.jpg|thumb|Emmanuella amaze kumenyekana cyane mu gihugu kiwabo mu gukina ibintu bisekeje (Comedy)]] == Ubuzima bwite == Emanuella akomoka muri Leta ya Imo mu burasirazuba bwa Nijeriya. Yavukiye i Port Harcourt muri Leta ya Rivers . Habayeho impaka ku mibanire ye na Mark Angel, nkuko byavuzwe mu nzego zitandukanye ko ari mwishywa we ndetse bamwe bakavuga ko ari mubyara. Eze Chidinma wo muri Buzz Nigeriya mu kiganiro yavuze ko Emmanuella ari mwishywa wa Angel. Pulse Nigeria yavuze kandi ko Angel ari nyirarume kuri Emmanuella. Ku rundi ruhande, George Ibenegbu wo muri Legit.ng yavuze ko bombi ari mubyara. Rachael Odusanya mubisohoka nyuma kuri legit.ng yavuze ko badafitanye isano. == Reba == {{Reflist}} grmpygdnmgyc5u0cgvrthphohh3sjty 0 8475 73421 2020-10-01T08:22:54Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Created page with "= Akamaro ko kwidagadura = Gufasha inshuti zawe, kwiga ikintu gishya no kwidagadura bishobora gutuma agahinda kagabanuka == Imikino y'imyidagaduro == === Umukino w'umupira..." wikitext text/x-wiki = Akamaro ko kwidagadura = Gufasha inshuti zawe, kwiga ikintu gishya no kwidagadura bishobora gutuma agahinda kagabanuka == Imikino y'imyidagaduro == === Umukino w'umupira === [[File:OlivierKarekezi 110723GIFS-Öster 2-1 6892.jpg|thumb|OlivierKarekezi 110723GIFS-Öster 2-1 6892]] === Umukino wo gusiganwa === [[File:Jean Pierre Mvuyekure (Rwanda) - London 2012 Mens Marathon (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jean Pierre Mvuyekure (Rwanda) - London 2012 Mens Marathon (cropped)]] anxo51vfshoq9vvvwjjtoekfdgngw5i 0 8476 78010 77902 2021-08-20T02:01:53Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ubukungu bw' U Rwanda [[Dosiye:Money - Flickr - AMagill.jpg|thumb|money]] '''Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda''' bwagize inganda zihuse kubera politiki ya guverinoma igenda neza. Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2000, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwabonye ubukungu bwiyongera mu mibereho y'abanyarwanda benshi. Icyerekezo cya Guverinoma cyo guteza imbere ubukungu cyabaye umusemburo w'ubukungu bwihuta. Perezida w'u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], yavuze ko yifuza guhindura u Rwanda " [[Singapore]] of Africa". <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-singapore-lee-africa/singapores-visionary-draws-followers-in-africa-idUKKBN0MK1OG20150324</ref> Singapore ya Africa == Amateka == === Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi === Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, politiki y’imari y’ubukungu y’u Rwanda, hamwe n’imfashanyo zituruka hanze ndetse n’ubucuruzi bugereranyije, byatumye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’umuturage n’igipimo gito cy’ifaranga bikomeza kwiyongera nabyo. Ariko, mu gihe ibiciro bya kawa ku isi byagabanutse cyane mu myaka ya za 1980, iterambere ryabaye ribi. Ugereranije n'ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka bwa 6.5% kuva 1973 kugeza 1980, ubwiyongere bwaragabanutse kugera ku kigereranyo cya 2,9% ku mwaka kuva 1980 kugeza 1985 kandi bwahagaze kuva 1986 kugeza 1990. Iki kibazo cyageze mu 1990 igihe ingamba za mbere za gahunda yo guhindura imiterere ya IMF zikorwa. Mu gihe gahunda itashyizwe mu bikorwa mbere y’intambara, hashyizweho ingamba z’ingenzi nko guta agaciro kabiri kifaranga no gukuraho ibiciro byemewe. Ingaruka ku mishahara n'imbaraga zo kugura byarihuse kandi bitangaje. Iki kibazo cyibasiye cyane cyane intiti zize, abenshi muri bo bakaba barakoraga mu bakozi ba Leta cyangwa mu bigo bya Leta. Mu myaka 5 y’intambara y’abenegihugu yarangiye muri jenoside yo mu 1994, GDP yagabanutse mu myaka 3 kuri 5, bituma igabanuka ryihuse rirenga 40% mu 1994, umwaka wa jenoside. Ubwiyongere bwa 9% muri GDP nyayo mu 1995, umwaka wa mbere nyuma y'intambara, byerekana ko ibikorwa by'ubukungu byongeye kubaho. [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994]] ryasenye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda,bwasize ubukene cyane mu abaturage, cyane cyane abagore, kandi byangiza ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo gukurura ishoramari ry’abikorera ndetse n’amahanga. Icyakora, u Rwanda rwateye intambwe igaragara mu gukomeza no kuvugurura ubukungu bwarwo. Muri Kamena 1998, u Rwanda rwasinyanye [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari|n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari gishinzwe]] Kunoza Imiterere . U Rwanda rwatangiye kandi gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo bafatanyije na Banki y'Isi . Mu gihe cya nyuma y'intambara - hagati ya 1994 kugeza 1995 - imfashanyo zihutirwa z’amadolari arenga miliyoni 307.4 z'amadolari ahanini zerekejwe mu bikorwa byo gutabara mu Rwanda no mu nkambi z'impunzi zo mu bihugu duturanye aho abanyarwanda bahungiye mu gihe cy'intambara. Mu 1996, imfashanyo z’ubutabazi zatangiye kwimukira mu kwiyubaka no gufasha mu iterambere . [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], [[Ububiligi]], [[Ubudage]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubushinwa|Repubulika y’Ubushinwa]], Banki yisi, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere n’ikigega cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi bizakomeza kubara inkunga nyinshi. Kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bya leta, cyane cyane inzego z’ubutabera, byashyizwe imbere n’amahanga, ndetse no gukomeza gusana no kwagura ibikorwa remezo, ibigo nderabuzima, n’ishuri. Nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda, guverinoma iyobowe n’abatutsi yatangiye gahunda ikomeye yo kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu no kugabanya gushingira ku buhinzi gusa. Ubukungu bwananiranye bwari bwaragize uruhare runini mu itsembabwoko, kimwe n’abaturage benshi ndetse n’amarushanwa yaturutse ku mirimo idahwitse n’ibindi bikoresho. Guverinoma yibanze cyane cyane ku kubaka inganda zikora na serivisi no gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi n’iterambere. [[File:Voa_murdock_rwanda_farming_musangwa_300_oct2011.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa kawa mu Rwanda.]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho umuvuduko wa 13% muri GDP mu 1996 binyuze mu kunoza inyungu yinjira mu misoro, kwihutisha kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ibigo bya Leta kugira ngo bahagarike imiyoboro y’umutungo wa Leta, kandi bikomeze kunoza umusaruro woherezwa mu mahanga n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa. Igihingwa cy’icyayi n’inganda byakomeje kuvugururwa, kandi ikawa, iba igihingwa cy’umudugudu muto, iravugururwa cyane kandi ikitabwaho n’uko abahinzi bumva umutekano wabo ugarutse. Ariko, inzira yo gukira izatinda. Ikawa itanga toni 14,578.560 mu 2000 ugereranije n’intambara yabanjirije intambara hagati ya toni 35.000 na 40.000  . Kugeza mu 2002 icyayi kibaye u Rwanda rwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu cyayi bigera kuri miliyoni 18 US $ bingana na toni 15.000 z'icyayi cyumye. Umutungo kamere w'u Rwanda ni muto. Inganda ntoya zitanga hafi 5% yinjiza amadovize. Habayeho kwibanda ku mabuye yagaciro aremereye nka cassiterite (isoko yambere ya tin ), na coltan (ikoreshwa mugukora imashini za elegitoronike, zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone ngendanwa, imashini ya DVD, sisitemu yimikino ya videwo na mudasobwa ). Hagati mu 1997, inganda zigera kuri 75% zikora mbere y’intambara zisubira mu musaruro, ku kigereranyo cya 75% by’ubushobozi bwabo. Ishoramari mu rwego rwinganda rikomeje kuba rike gusa ku gusana inganda zisanzwe. Ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, bwangijwe n’intambara, bwongeye kubyuka vuba, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bushya bushya bwashyizweho n’abatahuka bava mu Rwanda baturutse muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], no muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Inganda zabonye ubufasha buke bwo hanze kuva intambara irangiye kugeza 1995. Guhera mu 1996–97, guverinoma yarushijeho kugira uruhare mu gufasha urwego rw’inganda kugarura umusaruro binyuze mu bufasha bwa tekiniki n’imari, harimo ingwate z’inguzanyo, kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, no kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Mu ntangiriro za 1998, guverinoma yashyizeho ikigo cyo guteza imbere ishoramari rimwe kandi ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko mashya y’ishoramari yashyizeho ibyorohereza abashoramari bo mu mahanga ndetse n’abenegihugu. Ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe ibyinjira nibisohoka nacyo cyatangiye gukora, no kunoza icyegeranyo no kubazwa. Umusaruro wa Cassiterite wageze kuri toni 1.000 mu 1990, ariko munsi ya toni 700 mu 2000. Umusaruro wa coltan wanditsweho wazamutse uva kuri toni 147 mu 1999 ugera kuri toni 1,300 mu 2001, naho coltan niyo yinjije amafaranga menshi mu gihugu mu 2001. Nibura igice cyo kongera umusaruro ni ukubera ibirombe bishya byafunguwe mu Rwanda. Icyakora, ni ukuri, nkuko byakunze kugaragara, ko kwiyongera nanone biterwa n'uburiganya bwo kohereza mu mahanga coltan ya coltan. Usibye uruhare rwamenyekanye neza muri ubu bucuruzi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), ikindi kintu gikomeye mu kongera kohereza mu mahanga coltan ni uko abacuruzi mpuzamahanga bahatirwa kutagura muri DRC, bityo bikongerera imbaraga DRC coltan kongera koherezwa mu mahanga nk'u Rwanda. U Rwanda kandi ruvuga ko rucuruza mu buriganya zahabu na diyama bivanywa muri DRC. === Ubukungu bw'ubu nubukungu buteganijwe === Igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe kinini cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu 2006, kandi umwaka wakurikiyeho cyashoboye kwandikisha 8% by’ubukungu, kikaba ari amateka yakomeje kuva aho, gihinduka kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane muri Afurika. Iterambere ry’ubukungu rirambye ryashoboye kugabanya ubukene ndetse no kugabanya igipimo cy’uburumbuke, aho kwiyongera hagati ya 2006 na 2011 byagabanije ijanisha ry’abatuye igihugu babayeho mu bukene bava kuri 57% bagera kuri 45%. Ibikorwa remezo by'igihugu na byo byazamutse vuba, aho amashanyarazi yavuye ku 91.000 mu 2006 agera kuri 215.000 muri 2011. <ref>http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/120328/rwanda-economic-growth-pulling-rwandans-out-poverty</ref> Ishoramari ry’amahanga ririho ryibanda mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, icyayi, ikawa, n'ubukerarugendo. Umushahara muto ntarengwa n’amabwiriza y’ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi urakurikizwa, kandi ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ane y’abakozi yigenga yongeye kugaruka. Ihuriro rinini, CESTRAR, ryashinzwe nkurwego rwa guverinoma ariko ryigenga byimazeyo n’ivugurura rya politiki ryashyizweho n’itegeko nshinga ryo mu 1991. Mu gihe umutekano mu Rwanda ugenda utera imbere, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ruvuka muri iki gihugu rugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kwaguka ndetse nk’isoko ry’ivunjisha. Muri 2016, u Rwanda rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa 42 n’igihugu cya kabiri cyiza muri Afurika cyakora ubucuruzi muri Mara Foundation-Raporo ya Ashish J Thakkar Global Entrepreneurship Report. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu kinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi bwa politiki bushingiye ku Bwongereza, Isubiramo ry’ubukungu bwa politiki muri Afurika, bwerekana ko ubukungu bushobora kugenda buhoro ugereranije n’uko imibare yemewe ibigaragaza. Abashakashatsi bavuze ko impuzandengo ikoreshwa kuri buri rugo yakurikiraniraga hafi izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, ariko nyuma ikaza gutandukana nyuma y’uko impuzandengo y’ikigereranyo kuri buri rugo ihagaze nubwo iterambere ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva 2005 kugeza 2013. <ref>https://qz.com/africa/1050158/rwandas-economic-growth-miracle-may-be-a-mirage/</ref> Bamwe mu bashakashatsi mpuzamahanga na bo bibajije uburyo guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoresheje kandi bavuga ko imibare igaragaza ko izamuka ryinshi muri GDP rishobora kuzamuka. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2017/09/rwandas-economy-miracle-mirage-170929152259157.html</ref> == Ubuhinzi n'ubutunzi bwibanze ==[[File:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA]] [[File:En_visualize_explore_tree_map_hs92_export_rwa_all_show_2014.png|thumb|Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda byohereza mu byiciro 28 byanditseho amabara.]] [[File:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg|alt=Photograph of four drying racks containing white coloured unroasted coffee beans|thumb|Ikawa yumisha muri [[Ikawa ya Maraba|Maraba]] . Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa by’amafaranga by’u Rwanda.]] Muri 2012 ubuhinzi bwagize 33% by'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. U Rwanda rumaze igihe rushingiye ku ikawa nk'igihingwa cy'amafaranga. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya kawa mu 1989 byatumye igabanuka rikomeye ry'ubushobozi bwo kugura, kandi byongera n'amakimbirane yo mu ngo. Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize ibibazo byinshi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, hapfa abantu benshi, kutita ku bikorwa remezo, gusahura, no kutita ku bihingwa by’amafaranga. Ibi byatumye igabanuka ryinshi rya GDP kandi ryangiza ubushobozi bwigihugu mu gukurura ishoramari ryigenga n’amahanga. [21] Ubukungu Kuva gukomera, na buri-capita GDP ( PPP ) bagera ku $ 2.225 mu 2018, [22] ugereranyije $ 416 mu 1994. [23] [[File:Tea_field_workers_in_rwanda.jpg|left|thumb|Abakozi bo mu cyayi.]] Amasoko akomeye yoherezwaho ibicuruzwa mu mahanga arimo Ubushinwa, Ubudage, na Amerika. [21] Ubukungu bucungwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kandi ifaranga ni amafaranga y’u Rwanda ; muri Kamena 2010, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyari amafaranga 588 ku madorari y’Amerika. [24] U Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba mu 2007 kandi hari gahunda y’amashiringi rusange yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba, yari yizeye ko azashyirwaho mu 2015, [25] ariko akaba ataragera ku musaruro (2020). U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite umutungo kamere, [26] kandi ubukungu bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi butunzwe n’abahinzi baho bakoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye. [27] Ikigereranyo cya 90% by’imirima y’abaturage ikora, n’ubuhinzi bigizwe na 42.0% bya GDP mu mwaka wa 2010. [21] Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, ingano y’imirima n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa wagabanutse, bitewe n’uko bimuwe abantu bimuwe. [28] [29] Nubwo u Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birumbuka, umusaruro w’ibiribwa akenshi ntujyana n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, kandi birasabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga. [21] Ibihingwa bihingwa mu gihugu birimo ikawa, icyayi, pyrethrum, ibitoki, ibishyimbo, amasaka n'ibirayi. Ikawa n'icyayi nibyo bihingwa binini by'amafaranga yoherezwa hanze, hamwe nubutumburuke buke, ahantu hahanamye hamwe nubutaka bwibirunga bitanga ibihe byiza. Kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bituma u Rwanda rwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro byabo. [30] Amatungo y’ubuhinzi yororerwa mu Rwanda arimo inka, ihene, intama, ingurube, inkoko, ninkwavu, ndetse n'amafi hamwe n’imiterere ya geografiya mu mibare ya buri tungo. [31] umusaruro ahani ni gakondo, nubwo hari bake babona amata ndetse bagahinga imirima hirya Kigali. [31] Ibura ry’ubutaka n’amazi, ibiryo bidahagije kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibyorezo by’indwara bisanzwe hamwe na serivisi z’amatungo bidahagije ni inzitizi zikomeye zibuza umusaruro. "Gira Inka imwe muri gahunda za letamu gufasha imiryango ikennye" (Girinka), yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2006, yatanze inka 341.065 muri 2018. Uburobyi bubera ku biyaga byigihugu, ariko ububiko bwaragabanutse cyane, kandi amafi mazima atumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kubyutsa inganda. [33] Inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw' amabuye y' agaciro bw'u Rwanda n’umuterankunga ukomeye, zinjije amadolari ya Amerika 93&nbsp;miliyoni muri 2008. [34] Amabuye y'agaciro yacukuwe arimo cassiterite, wolframite, safiro, zahabu, na coltan, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'itumanaho nka terefone zigendanwa. [34] [35] Umusaruro wa metani ukomoka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] watangiye mu 1983, ariko kugeza ubu ukoreshwa n’uruganda rwa Bralirwa gusa . == Ingufu n'amashanyarazi == U Rwanda rwateye intambwe nini mu kuzamura amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21. Umubare munini wibice bishya byahawe amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwagura ibikorwa remezo. Kugabanuka kw'amashyamba amaherezo bizahatira abanyarwanda guhindukirira amasoko ya peteroli bareke amakara yo gutekesha no gushyushya. Urebye ubwinshi bw'imigezi n'ibiyaga, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ni bwinshi. U Rwanda rukoresha umutungo kamere binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n'amashanyarazi n'Uburundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. == Inganda == Urwego rw'inganda ruratera imbere cyane, rutanga 16% bya GDP muri 2012. Urugaga rw'inganda mu Rwanda rwiganjemo umusaruro usimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibigo binini bitanga byeri, ibinyobwa bidasembuye, itabi, amasuka, amagare y'abamugaye, isabune, matelas, umuyoboro wa pulasitike, ibikoresho byo gusakara, n'amazi mu icupa.  n'indi misaruro harimo iva mu buhinzi, ibinyobwa bito bito, isabune, ibikoresho, inkweto, sima, pulasitiki, imyenda no n'itabi. [21] == Ubukerarugendo na serivisi == [[File:Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting female adult gorilla with a baby on her shoulders, surrounded by green foliage|thumb|250x250px|[[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi zo]] mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y'Ibirunga]] .]] Urwego rwa serivisi mu Rwanda rwagize ibibazo mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 2000 kubera ko amabanki yagabanije inguzanyo ndetse n'imishinga yo gufasha mu mahanga n'ishoramari bikagabanuka. [36] Urwego rwongeye kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2010, ruba urwego runini mu gihugu ku musaruro w’ubukungu kandi rutanga 43,6% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu. [21] Abaterankunga bo mu rwego rwa gatatu barimo amabanki n’imari, ubucuruzi bwinshi n’ibicuruzwa, amahoteri na resitora, ubwikorezi, ububiko, itumanaho, ubwishingizi, imitungo itimukanwa, serivisi z’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta harimo uburezi n’ubuzima. [36] Ubukerarugendo ni bumwe mu bukungu bwiyongera cyane mu bukungu kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize mu mwaka wa 2011. [37] N'ubwo umurage wa jenoside, igihugu kigenda kibonwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'ahantu heza; [38] Ubuyobozi bwa Abinjira n'Abasohoka bw'anditse abantu banga 405,801 basura igihugu hagati ya Mutarama na Kamena 2011; 16% muri bo baturutse hanze ya Afurika. [39] inyungu mu bukerarugendo yari US $ 115,600,000 hagati Mutarama na Kamena 2011; abakora ibiruhuko batanze 43% byinjira, nubwo ari 9% gusa. [39] U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri gusa bifite [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] zishobora gusurwa neza; gukurikirana ingagi, muri parike y’ibirunga, ikurura abashyitsi ibihumbi ku mwaka, biteguye kwishyura ibiciro biri hejuru by'impushya zo kwemererwa gusura ingagi. [40] Ibindi bintu bikurura ibyiza birimo: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ibamo amoko menshi y'inguge, Ruwenzori colobus n’izindi nguge harimo ibitera, amahumbezi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu, na parike y' Akagera, ikigega gito cya savanna mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. [41] Ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda bushingiye kuri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|pariki y'ibirunga]] (PNV) hamwe [[Ikirunga|n'ibirunga]] bitandatu hamwe n'inyamanswa zirinzwe arizo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi]] zo mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] zizwi cyane na Dian Fossey . Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bwerekeza muri Afurika yo hagati igishanga kinini gikingiwe na [[Pariki y'Akagera|pariki ya Akagera]], hamwe n’abaturage ba hippopotami, inyamanswa ya cape, zebra, [[inzovu]], eland, n’andi matungo manini y’imikino. Ubukerarugendo bujyanye [[Kwitegereza inyoni|n’inyoni]] bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere cyane cyane muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Parike ya Nyungwe]], mu mashyamba manini adacibwa muri Afurika. Pariki ya Nyungwe ibamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni. Kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwubuzima bwo mwishyamba nabwo. Inzibutso nyinshi zijyanye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] zatangiye kubyara ubukerarugendo bukomeye . Urugero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo ka]] Kigali - ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300.000 bazize jenoside - rufite ahantu hamwe n’imurikagurisha rya jenoside bifitanye isano n’isomero kandi rifite gahunda yo guteza imbere ikigo cyigisha ku mateka ya jenoside. Ikindi kigo gikomeye cy’urwibutso kijyanye na jenoside gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi rwubatswe mu cyahoze ari ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya tekinike rya Murambi aho abantu 45.000 biciwe kandi skelet 850 hamwe harimo n’ibisigazwa by’imirambo by’abiciwe. Hari izindi nzu ebyiri z’urwibutso zifitanye isano na jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Kicukiro : Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero ahashyinguwe abazize jenoside 14.400 ndetse n’urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro aho abantu 5000 bishwe nyuma y’uko abasirikare [[Ububiligi|b’Ababiligi]] bakoreraga mu ngabo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|z’umuryango w’abibumbye]] zishinzwe ku bungabunga amahoro babatereranye. Mu Ntara ya Kibungo, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Nyarubuye niho hari Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye aho abagera ku 20.000 bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma ndetse n'inzu z'ababikira n'abapadiri bari bahatuye. == Ubukungu == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu muri 1980–2017. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Umwaka ! 1980 ! 1985 ! 1990 ! 1995 ! 2000 ! 2005 ! 2006 ! 2007 ! 2008 ! 2009 ! 2010 ! 2011 ! 2012 ! 2013 ! 2014 ! 2015 ! 2016 ! 2017 |- | GDP muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 2.11 Bln. | 3.66 Bln. | 3.96 Bln. | 2.96 Bln. | 5.00 Bln. | 8.28 Bln. | 9.32 Bln. | 10.30 Bln. | 11.68 Bln. | 12.50 Bln. | 13.58 Bln. | 14.94 Bln. | 16.56 Bln. | 17.62 Bln. | 19.30 Bln. | 21.24 Bln. | 22.80 Bln. | 24.62 Bln. |- | GDP kuri buri muntu muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 453 | 643 | 614 | 541 | 667 | 938 | 1.036 | 1,120 | 1,229 | 1.289 | 1.358 | 1.465 | 1.577 | 1.640 | 1.754 | 1.884 | 1.973 | 2.080 |- | Ubwiyongere bwa GDP<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(nyabyo)</small> | −3.6 % | 5.5 % | 0.4 % | 24.5 % | 8.4 % | 9.4 % | 9.2 % | 7.6 % | 11.2 % | 6.3 % | 7.3 % | 7.8 % | 8.8 % | 4.7 % | 7.6 % | 8.9 % | 6.0 % | 6.1 % |- | Ifaranga<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(ku ijana)</small> | 7.2 % | −1.1 % | 4.2 % | 56.0 % | 3.9 % | 9.1 % | 8.8 % | 9.1 % | 15.4 % | 10.3 % | 2.3 % | 5.7 % | 6.3 % | 4.2 % | 1.8 % | 2.5 % | 5.7 % | 4.8 % |- | Umwenda wa Leta<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(Ijanisha rya GDP)</small> | . . . | . . . | . . . | 120 % | 103 % | 67 % | 24 % | 24 % | 19 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 27 % | 29 % | 33 % | 37 % | 41 % |} == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda]] * Ingufu mu Rwanda * Itumanaho mu Rwanda * Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda * Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu muri Afurika '''Rusange:''' * [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|Ubukungu bwa Afurika]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Economy of Rwanda Economy of Rwanda * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901213134/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=215 Ikigo cya Pulitzer kivuga ku bibazo] by’amakimbirane mu Rwanda n’ingaruka z’ibidukikije (Video) * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=646 U Rwanda amakuru yubucuruzi agezweho ku ikarita yubucuruzi ya ITC] * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/RWA/Year/2012/Summary Banki y'Isi Incamake y'ibarurishamibare mu bucuruzi u Rwanda] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hoo9bjtfojgpf64fm2r0vc711iyxwgv 0 8477 77914 77540 2021-08-18T15:46:24Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_Kigali_Eglise_de_la_Sainte_Famille_001.jpg|thumb|Katedrali ya Kigali]] '''Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda''' ni imwe muri Kiliziya Gatolika . Hari gusa miliyoni zirenga eshanu z'abayoboke ba kiriziya gatorika mu [[Rwanda]] nka kimwe cya kabiri cy'abaturage. Igihugu kigabanyijemo diyosezi icyenda harimo na arikidiyosezi imwe. Guverinoma [[Rwanda|y'u]] Rwanda yatangaje ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2006, ko 56.5% by'abatuye b'u Rwanda ari Abagatolika . <ref name="report">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90115.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Rwanda]. United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] (September 14, 2007). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> = Amateka = [[File:Kiriziya Ntagatifu.jpg|thumb|Kiriziya Ntagatifu]] Ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2016, Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda yasohoye itangazo risaba imbabazi ku ruhare rw’abayoboke baryo muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. "Turasaba imbabazi ku makosa yose itorero ryakoze. Turasaba imbabazi mu izina ryabakristu bose ku bwu uruhare rwose twagize. Tubabajwe nuko abayoboke b'itorero barenze ku ndahiro n'indangagaciro yabo yo kubahiriza amategeko y'Imana. mutubabarire icyaha cyinzangano mu gihugu kugeza aho twanga bagenzi bacu kubera ubwoko bwabo. Ntabwo twerekanye ko turi umuryango umwe ahubwo twaricanye. "Iri tangazo ryashyizweho umukono n'abepiskopi icyenda bagize inama y'abepiskopi gatolika y'u Rwanda. = Amahame ya Kiriziya Gatorika =[[File:Kabgayi church.jpg|thumb|Kabgayi church]] 1) Kuba Kiliziya yarashingiwe mu isengesho bisobanuye ko Kiliziya idasenga iba itazi iyo iva n’iyo ijya. Gusenga cyangwa kuganira n’Imana niwo murimo wa mbere Kiliziya ihamagarirwa. Byabaye ngombwa ko Yezu afata umwanya akatwigisha uko tugomba gusenga. Mu isengesho rya Dawe uri mwijuru, umwanya wambere tuwugenera Imana, twifuza ko Izina ryayo ryakubahwa na bose, ko ingoma yayo yakogera hose, ko icyo Ishaka cyakorwa hano kw’isi nk’uko gikorwa mu ijuru. Umwanya wa kabiri uharirwa ibintu by’ingenzi birebana n’imbanire y’abantu : kubona icyo kurya, kubabarirana, kurindwa ibishuko n’ibyago. 2) Abo Yezu yatoreye kumubera intumwa bakoraga imirimo itandukanye. Yezu yabahurije hamwe kugirango bafate igihe cyo kubana nawe, bamwumva, biga imico ye, ururimi rwe, kugirango bazabe umuryango we. Burya ntawe uba intumwa atabanje kuba umwigishwa, ni ukuvuga umwumva akanaba umusangirangendo we. Aba bigishwa barimo abarwanyi nka Simoni, abarobyi nka Petero, abakoreshakoro nka Matayo, abacungamutungo nka Yuda Isikariyoti waje no kumugambanira,… ntabwo bashoboraga kugira ubumwe batarangamiye Yezu. Ubumwe bwa Kiliziya bushingiye kuri Yezu. « Kristu niwe bumwe bwacu » nk’uko Abepisikopi b’u Rwanda bigeze kubyandika mu mabaruwa bandikiye abakristu mu myaka ya 1990, mu gihe cy’intambara. 3) Abo Yezu atorera kuba intumwa ze abohereza babiri babiri. Ujya mu butumwa ntabwo ajya kwivuga ibigwi ajya kuvuga ubutumwa yahawe. Ntabwo aba yitumye aba yatumwe. Ni ngomba rero ko haba hari umuhamya uhamya ko yavuze ibyo yatumwe. Bisobanuke rwose ko Ijambo ry’Imana ari ijambo ry’Imana nyine. Ntitukarivangire dutambutsa ibitekerezo byacu maze ngo tubyite iby’Imana. Umuntu wigisha Ijambo ry’Imana adasenga ageraho agafata ibitekerezo bye n’ibibazo bye akabyita iby’Imana. Ukora atyo, abo yakagombye guhagisha ijambo ry’Imana arabasonjesha. Ni ngombwa rero ko uwo boherezanyijwe mu butumwa amuhwitura akamugarura mu nzira nziza.[[File:Chapel of the Holy Heart of Jesus.jpg|thumb|Chapel of the Holy Heart of Jesus]] 4) Kiliziya ubu yakwiye kw’isi hose yatangiriye mu isengesho rya ninjoro no mu gutorwa kw’abantu cumi na babiri. Aba bantu bacye kandi batari ibihangange n’abanyabwenge nibo Imana yatoreye kuba inkingi za Kiliziya. Ibi bivuze ko ingufu za Kiliziya izikura ku Mana, iyo itangiye kwibeshya ko ifite ingufu zindi zidashingiye ku kwemera n’isengesho, ntitinda kubona ko yibeshye. Ubukire yarunze bushingiye ku by’isi bugira gutya bukayica mu myanya y’intoki. Bukayoyoka. Nidufungura amaso tuzabona ko dufite ingero nyinshi iruhande rwacu. Ubutumwa twahawe ku munsi wa batisimu ni ubwo kuba abatagatifu, abahanuzi n’abayobozi b’umuryango w’Imana. Nitwubahiriza ubu butumwa twahawe, umuryango wa Kiliziya turimo uzakomeza utere imbere, ube igiti cy’inganzamarumbo nk’uko Imana ibishaka.[https://yezu-akuzwe.org/inyigisho/kiliziya-gatolika-ikomoka-intumwa-simoni-yuda-tadeyo/] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa diyosezi Gatolika mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} https://yezu-akuzwe.org/inyigisho/kiliziya-gatolika-ikomoka-intumwa-simoni-yuda-tadeyo/ [[Category:Amatorero]] [[Category:Abakatorike]] 5msd8znjt92nje895rgus0jlvz65pml 0 8478 83579 76130 2022-05-14T18:55:01Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Clare Akamanzi.jpg|thumb|Clare Akamanzi]] '''Claire Akamanzi''' ni umunyamategeko [[Rwanda|w’u Rwanda]], umuyobozi muri Leta, umucuruzi n'umunyapolitiki, wabaye umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda, kuva ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2017. Uyu mwanya ni gahunda [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]] yashyizweho na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Akamanzi yagumishijwe muri guverinoma kandi agumana inshingano ze. == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Clare_Kamanzi.jpg|thumb|Clare Kamanzi]] Akamanzi yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ku babyeyi b'impunzi z'u Rwanda mu 1979. Ni umwana wa kane mu muryango w'abavandimwe batandatu. Yize amashuli abanziriza kaminuza mu bice bitandukanye bya Uganda. Umuryango we warimukaga cyane, kubera ko ababyeyi be bari impunzi muri Uganda. Afite impamyabumenyi y’amategeko, yatanzwe na kaminuza ya Makerere, i Kampala, umurwa mukuru wa Uganda. Afite kandi Impamyabumenyi mu by'amategeko, yakuye mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere amategeko, no muri Kampala. Masters ya Amategeko mu bucuruzi n'ishoramari yayihawe muri Kaminuza ya Pretoria, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|South Africa]] . Afite kandi Masters mu buyobozi bwa Leta, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Harvard, i Cambridge, Massachusetts, muri Amerika. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mu by'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza ya Concordia muri Kamena 2018. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we mu 2004 i Geneve mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] ku cyicaro gikuru cy’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO). Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yamugize umudipolomate / umuvugizi w’ubucuruzi udasanzwe muri WTO. Nyuma, yimukiye muri ambasade y'u Rwanda i Londere, mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] nk'umudipolomate w'ubucuruzi ( attaché y'ubucuruzi ). Yagarutse mu Rwanda mu 2006, agirwa Umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo ''gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Rwanda icyo gihe'' (RIEPA) "mbere yuko RDB ihurizwa hamwe n'ibindi bigo mu 2008". Muri 2008, Akamanzi yabaye Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ibikorwa na serivisi, muri RDB. Nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda. Yaje gufata ikiruhuko cyo kwiga kugira ngo akomeze impamyabumenyi muri Amerika. Agarutse, yabaye "Umuyobozi w'Ingamba na Politiki" mu biro bya Perezida. Mu 2020, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) ryatangaje ko Madamu Akamanzi yari umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi yashinze Fondasiyo WHO . == Reba kandi == * Valentine Rugwabiza == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 6nmxc00dimvrgo0mw4tdnfd0ercns6s 0 8479 83568 79392 2022-05-14T18:24:21Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:I&M Bank Rwanda plc logo.png|thumb|I&M Bank Rwanda]] '''Dr Diane Karusisi''' ni umuyobozi mukuru wa BK (Banki ya [[Kigali]]).<ref>https://100women.avancemedia.org/dianekarusisi/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/amabanki/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-ivugururwa-rya-systeme-y-ibikorwa-rusange-bya-banki-ya-kigali</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/12/bk-yashimiye-abacuruzi-bakoresheje.html</ref> == Amashuri yize == Karusisi ni impuguke mu Ibarurishamibare n'ubukungu, afite impamyabumenyi y'Ikirenga mu by'Ubukungu yavanye muri Kaminuza ya Fribourg mu [[Busuwisi]].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bane-barimo-diane-karusisi-na-clare-akamanzi-ku-rutonde-rw-abayobozi-100-bato</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yo kuba umuyobozi wa BK(Banki ya [[Kigali]]), yabanje kuyobora ikigo cy'igihugu cy'Ibarurishamibare ndetse no muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika. Hagati ya 2000 na 2006 yari umwarimu wungirije mu isomo ry'Ibarurishamibare mu bukungu muri Kaminuza ya Fribourg nyuma akora mu kigo Credit Suisse Asset.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/bane-barimo-diane-karusisi-na-clare-akamanzi-ku-rutonde-rw-abayobozi-100-bato</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == Karusisi yaherewe igihembo i [[Accra]] muri Ghana nk'umuntu wagize uruhare mu iterambere rya [[Banki ya Kigali|Banki]] mu [[Rwanda]] no muri [[Afurika]] muri rusange igihembo yaherewe i [[Accra]] cyitwa GUBA2021 Awards. Ni igihembo gihabwa umugore wiabaye indashyikirwa mu ngeri zitandukanye harimo no kuzamura ubukungu bw'aho atuye.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/umuyobozi-wa-bk-dr-diane-karusisi-yahawe-igihembo-cyindashyikirwa/</ref> == Amashakiro == == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda * Urutonde rwamabanki muri Afrika == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.bk.rw/ Urubuga rwa Banki ya Kigali] * [http://statistics.gov.rw/about-us/news/statistics-body-reaches-out-stakeholders Ibyerekeye Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] es7ue2fvs8iecqfwcuyimhzi593jrcq 0 8480 81904 75018 2022-02-05T13:53:09Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 add category wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:University of Rwanda headquarters.jpg|thumb|Icyicaro gikuru cya Kaminuza y' u Rwanda giherereye i Gikondo, Kigali.]] '''Kaminuza yu Rwanda''' (mu magambo ahinnye: '''UR''',y ' cyongereza ' Universty of Rwanda ) niyo kaminuza yambere nini mu [[Rwanda]] . UR yashinzwe mu 2013 binyuze mu guhuza ibigo bya Leta byigenga by’amashuri makuru, binini muri byo bikaba byari [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] . Icyicaro gikuru cya kaminuza kiri i [[Kigali]] . Kaminuza igizwe na kaminuza esheshatu nto zigenga, ziyobora. == Amateka == [[File:Facade of National University of Rwanda - Huye-Butare - Southern Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mbere yitwaga Kaminuza Nkuru y' u Rwanda. Yari iherereye ahitwaga i Butare, ubu ni mu karere ka Huye.]] Igikorwa cya mbere cyo gushinga iki kigo cyakozwe na Porofeseri Paul Davenport, umwe mu bagize akanama ngishwanama ka Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], ubu akaba ari umuyobozi w’inama y’abayobozi ba kaminuza. Kaminuza y'u [[Rwanda]] yashinzwe muri Nzeri 2013 n'itegeko ryakuyeho amategeko ashyiraho kaminuza nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n'ibindi bigo by'amashuri makuru ya Leta yo muri iki gihugu, ashyiraho UR mu mwanya wabo. Itegeko nimero 71/2013 ryimuye amasezerano, ibikorwa, umutungo, imyenda, no kwigenga kw'ibigo birindwi muri UR: kaminuza nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]] (UNR); Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya [[Kigali]] (KIST); Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi rya [[Kigali]] (KIE; ishuri rikuru Nderabarezi rya [[Kigali]] / Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Kigali); Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi (Institut Supérieur d'Ag Agriculture et d'Elevage, ISAE / ishuri rikuru ry'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi); Ishuri ry’Imari n’amabanki (SFB, ishuri rikuru ryigisha Imari n'Amabanki / École des Finances et des Banques); Ishuri Rikuru rya Umutara Polytechnic (Ishuri rikuru "Umutara Polytechnic" / Institut Supérieur d'Umutara Polytechnique); n'Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]] (KHI; ishuri rikuru ry'ubuzima ry 'i [[Kigali]] / Institut Supérieur de Santé de [[Kigali]]). Mu gihe cyo gushingwa, abashinzwe uburezi batangaje ko "bizeye ko iyi kaminuza izazamura ireme ry'uburezi kandi igasubiza neza ibikenewe mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi hose". Eugene Kwibuka wo mu kinyamakuru cyo mu [[Rwanda]] ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'' avuga ko benshi mu bayobozi bakuru ba kaminuza ari intiti zizwi kandi zifite amateka yo kuzamura imikorere y'ibigo byabo byahoze, ariko ko benshi muri bo "ari n'Abanyarwanda bazwi cyane cyangwa inshuti zitanze z'u [[Rwanda]] n'abajyanama ba Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] baherutse kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'urwego rw'uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] cyangwa baherutse kugira uruhare mu gutegura kaminuza nshya y'u [[Rwanda]] ". Ikibazo gikomeye cyugarije kaminuza bivugwa ko ari ukubura abarimu babishoboye. Urugero, ingingo ya 2015 yasohotse muri ''Annals y’ubuzima ku isi'', ivuga ko mu Ishuri ry’Ubuzima rusange, igice cy’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi n’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuzima, inzitizi ku ntego yo guhuza kaminuza yo kuzamura ireme ry’inyigisho n’ubushakashatsi. mu [[Rwanda]] "ni abakozi bafite ubumenyi buke mu bumenyi". Iri shuri rikoresha impamyabumenyi esheshatu za PhD n’abarimu batandatu bo mu rwego rwa master, hamwe n’abafasha batanu mu bushakashatsi. Byongeye kandi, itanga umubare munini wimpamyabumenyi kandi ifite "igipimo cy’abanyeshuri n’umuyobozi utagereranywa" cy’abanyeshuri 15 kuri buri munyeshuri ufite impamyabumenyi ya PhD. Ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza burateganya kongera umubare w’abakozi b’amasomo bafite impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri uva kuri 20 ku ijana ukagera kuri 60 ku ijana mu 2024. Muri Gashyantare 2019, hatangajwe ko kaminuza izatangira gutanga impamyabumenyi ihanitse i [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . == Imiterere y'ubuyobozi == Ibiro bikuru ni hamwe na College of Business and Economics, i Gikondo Mburabuturo. Yateguwe mumashuri atandatu ashingiye kumasomo: * Ishuri Rikuru ryUbuhanzi nubumenyi mbonezamubano (CASS, Koleji yigisha iby'Indimi n'ubumenyi bw'mibereho yabaturage y'Abaturage / Collège des Lettres et Science Sociales) * Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa n’Ubuvuzi bwamatungo (CAVM, Koleji ,y'ubuhinzi, n'ubuvuzi bw'аAmatungo / Collège d'Ubuhinzi, des Science Animales et Médecine Vétérinaire) * Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi n’Ubukungu (CBE, Koleji yigisha iby'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu / Collège des Affaires et de l'Economie) * Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi (CE, Koleji Nderabarezi / Collège de l'educations). * Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima (CMHS; Koleji y'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima / Collège des Science de Médecine et de Santé) * Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (CST, Koleji y'ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga / Collège des Science et Technologies). Kaminuza ifite amashami 14 byose: * Gikondo Campus * Ikigo cya Remera * Ikigo cya Nyarugenge * Huye Campus ( [[Butare]] ) * Busogo Campus * Rubirizi * Nyamishaba Campus * Ikigo cya Nyagatare * Rusizi Campus * Kicukiro * [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] Campus * Rukara Campus * Byumba Campus * Ikigo cya Kibungo Umuyobozi wungirije ni Porofeseri Phillip Cotton, watangiye uyu mwanya mu Kwakira 2015. Uwamubanjirije yari Porofeseri James McWha ukomoka muri Irilande y'Amajyaruguru. Chancellor ni Dr Mike O'Neal, wahoze ari perezida wa kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma . == Umwirondoro wamasomo == UR igira uruhare mubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Muri Gashyantare 2015, kaminuza y’u [[Rwanda]] na kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan yatangije gahunda ihuriweho na MSc mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi, ifashwa n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga . Gahunda igamije gufasha abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] kwihagararaho mu buhinzi. Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iterambere ry’igihugu cya Suwede gitera inkunga iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi mu [[Rwanda]] binyuze muri kaminuza. == Abantu bazwi == [[Agnes Binagwaho]], uwahoze ari minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]], yabaye umuntu wa mbere wahawe impamyabumenyi ya PhD na kaminuza nshya y’u [[Rwanda]] muri Kanama 2014. Binagwaho, ubushakashatsi bwe bwerekeye uburenganzira bw’ubuzima bw’abana mu rwego rwa virusi itera SIDA, yatangiye PhD mu 2008, mbere y’uko kaminuza ihuzwa. == Imiyobore == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website<ref>https://ur.ac.rw/</ref> <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kamnuza n amashuri makuru (high instution of learning)]] 4d1eqpyu6a61rcoslw0fzpfhffzjtrx 0 8481 81298 77076 2021-12-20T19:46:19Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:RWFn5000v.jpg|RWFn5000v.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Christian Ferrer|Christian Ferrer]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Banknotes of Rwanda|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Road_Side_ATM.jpg|thumb|Banki y'ubucuruzi ya Kigali izwi nka (BK) ifite ikoranabuhanga ikoresha k'ubakiriya bayo bworoshye kandi bujyanye n'igihe kuburyo umuntu wese bimworohera kubona amafaranga igihe cyose (ATM)]] '''Banki ya Kigali''' ( '''BK)''' ni banki y'ubucuruzi mu [[Rwanda]] . Yahawe uruhushya na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda . Aho iherereye Icyicaro gikuru n’ishami rikuru rya banki biherereye kuri 6112 KN4 Avenue, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini mu Rwanda. Imiterere ya geografiya yicyicaro gikuru cya banki ni: 01 ° 56'54.0 "S, 30 ° 03'35.0" E (Ubunini: -1.948333; Uburebure: 30.059722) == Incamake == Banki ya Kigali ni banki nini y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda, ku mutungo wose. Kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2019, umutungo wose wa banki wari ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 11059 z'amadolari y'Amerika, ufite igitabo cy'inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 735.8 z'amadolari, abakiriya babitsa miliyoni 697.4 z'amadolari naho abanyamigabane bangana na miliyoni 239.6. Ku ya 29 Nzeri 2017, Urutonde rw’inguzanyo ku isi rwemeje Banki ya Kigali Limited ku rwego rw’igihe kirekire n’igihe gito ku rwego rw’igihugu ku rwego rwa AA- (RW) na A1 + (RW); hamwe n'icyerekezo gihamye. Iyi banki yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mu rwego mpuzamahanga ndetse no mu karere "Banki nziza mu Rwanda", harimo nka EuroMoney, The Banker, Global Finance Magazine, na EMEA Finance. == Amateka == Banki yashinzwe na Repubulika y'u Rwanda ku ya 22 Ukuboza 1966. Ku ikubitiro Banki ya Kigali yashinzwe nk'umushinga uhuriweho na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda na Belgolaise, buri wese afite 50 ku ijana by'imigabane isanzwe. Mu 1967, Banki yatangiye ibikorwa byayo nishami ryayo rya mbere i Kigali. Belgolaise yari ishami rya Banki ya Fortis (ubu itakiriho), ikorera muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara ariko mu 2005 itangira kuva mu bikorwa byayo muri Afurika bijyanye n'ingamba za Fortis. Mu 2007, Leta y'u Rwanda yaguze imigabane ya Belgolaise muri Banki ya Kigali, bityo yongera imigabane yayo itaziguye muri Banki igera ku 100% by'imigabane yose yatanzwe. Muri 2011, Banki yahinduye izina mu itegeko rishya ryerekeye amasosiyete kuva muri Banki ya Kigali SA ayita Banki ya Kigali Limited. Ku ya 21 Kamena 2011, Inama Ngishwanama ku Isoko ry’imari n’u Rwanda yemeje gahunda y’uko banki izagurisha 45% by’imigabane yayo kandi ikanashyira ku rutonde imigabane yayo ku Isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda (RSE), ibaye isosiyete ya kabiri mu gihugu yashyize ku rutonde rwa RSE mu madorari y'Abanyamerika 62.5. miliyoni yatangiriye kumugaragaro. Gucuruza mu migabane ya banki byatangiye ku ya 30 Kamena 2011. Ukuboza 2012, ibitangazamakuru byo mu karere byagaragaje ko banki yari hagati yo kwaguka mu bihugu bituranye na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . Muri Gashyantare 2013, banki yemeye icyemezo cyo gufungura ibiro muri [[Kenya]] . Mu gihe kwagura akarere ari byo byashyizwe imbere mu gihe uwahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru, James Gatera, umusimbuye, [[Dr Diane Karusisi|Diane Karusisi]], yatangaje ko icyo yibandaho ari ugukomeza gushora imizi muri banki mu rwego rwo kugira ngo harebwe icyakomeje kuba umubare munini w’abaturage badafite amabanki. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na FinScope ku bijyanye no kubona imari mu Rwanda, muri miliyoni 4 z'Abanyarwanda bakuze bafite serivisi z’imari yemewe, miliyoni 1.5 gusa ni zo zikuze cyangwa 26% ku ijana muri rusange, bakoresha amabanki, aho abantu barenga gato 60,600 bakuze muri miliyoni 1.5 bonyine kwishingikiriza kuri banki; abandi bafite ubundi buryo bwo hanze ya banki. Muri Gicurasi 2018, mu nama rusange ngarukamwaka ya banki, abanyamigabane bemeje gahunda yo guhuza urutonde rw’imigabane ya banki ku Isoko ry’imigabane rya Nairobi (NSE), nini mu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] . Biteganijwe ko urutonde rw’ibibazo ndetse n’uburenganzira buteganijwe, byombi biteganijwe mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2018, biteganijwe ko bizakusanya miliyoni 70 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bizoherezwa mu gushaka uburyo bushya bwa ICT bwatezimbere (miliyoni 20 $), abasigaye boherezwa mu nguzanyo gushyigikira imishinga remezo murugo. Mu Ukwakira 2018, ku EastAfrican, a karere [[Icyongereza|English rurimi]] ikinyamakuru cyavuze ko Banki ya Kigali yari yiteze ku rutonde ku Nairobi Stock Exchange ku 30 Ugushyingo 2018. [[Dosiye:Supranational_African_Bodies-de.svg|thumb|Banki ya KIgali kandi ikora ubucuruzi bw'amafaranga bwambukiranya imipaka buzwi nka Money Gram mu ndimi z'amahanga]] == Umuyoboro w'ishami == Kugeza mu Kuboza 2018, banki yagumanye amashami 79 y'urusobekerane, imashini zikoresha amakarita yikoranabuhanga (ATM) hafi 100, abakozi bashinzwe amabanki barenga 1.427, amamodoka atandatu ya banki igendanwa kandi ikoresha abakozi barenga 1200. == Imiyoborere == Banki iyobowe n'inama y'ubutegetsi iyobowe na Perezida w'inama y'ubutegetsi, umwanya ufitwe na Marc Holtzman. Ibikorwa bya buri munsi bya banki biyoborwa nitsinda ryabantu batandatu bayobora bayobowe numuyobozi mukuru, [[Dr Diane Karusisi|Dr Diane Karusisi]]. == Umugabane == Imigabane yo kwisoko ry'Imari yisosiyete ifitemo banki, ''Banki ya Kigali Group Plc'', yashyizwe cyane cyane ku Isoko ry’imigabane mu Rwanda kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’imigabane ya Nairobi . As of December 2019 , Ku mutungo wa banki stock ahagarara bavugwa mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira: {| class="wikitable" !Urutonde ! Nyirubwite ! Ijanisha nyirizina |- | 1 | Ikigo cy'Ubwiteganyirize bw'u Rwanda | style="text-align:right;" | 34.3% |- | 2 | Abashoramari mpuzamahanga b'inzego | style="text-align:right;" | 22.4% |- | 3 | Ikigega cyiterambere | style="text-align:right;" | 22.0% |- | 4 | Abashoramari b'ibigo by'akarere | style="text-align:right;" | 12.3% |- | 5 | Abashoramari bacuruza | style="text-align:right;" | 7.2% |- | 6 | BK Abakozi & Abayobozi | style="text-align:right;" | 1.1% |- | 7 | Abashoramari b'inzego z'ibanze | style="text-align:right;" | 0,6% |- | 8 | Ibindi bigo bya Leta | style="text-align:right;" | 0.1% |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' | style="text-align:right;" | '''100.00''' % |- |} * Icyitonderwa: <small>Igiteranyo gishobora kuzima gato kubera kuzenguruka.</small> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa banki mu Rwanda * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.bk.rw/ Urubuga rwa banki ya Kigali] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201203240116.html "Banki ya Kigali irateganya kwagura akarere"] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Amabanki]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hlsu0ujiiqscdgbj489drgqpk57lv31 0 8482 77309 75411 2021-08-09T20:16:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwandan Culture.jpg|alt=Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda|thumb|Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda]] U [[Rwanda]] ni kimwe mu bihugu bya [[Afurika]] bifite [[:en:History|amateka]] akomeye y’umuziki n’[[:en:Dance|imbyino]] gakondo. Mu [[Rwanda]] usanga mu [[:en:Culture_of_Rwanda|muco]] w’abagituye hari umwihariko wo kugira imbyino gakondo zabyinwaga n’abakurambere mu rwego rwo kwigisha, kwinezeza mu birori bitandukanye, guhuza imiryango no kuyifasha kubana neza ndetse no kwifashishwa mu bihe by’ibyago aho akenshi wasangaga hari zimwe zifashishwaga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwa [[:en:Spirtuality|roho]] cyangwa mu mihango y’[[:en:Religion|idini]]. Nk’uko mu [[:en:Culture_of_Rwanda|muco]] haba umurage, izi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] zigenda zihererekanywa uko imyaka iza indi igataha. Abiga kubyina akenshi babikoreraga mu ''Itorero'' ryari kandi rikomeje kuba irerero ry’umuco gakondo. Usibye kubyina no gutozwa [[:en:Culture_of_Rwanda|umuco]], mu itorero ni ho higirwaga [[:en:Music|indirimbo]] kandi akenshi [[:en:Dance|imbyino]] zijyana n’umuziki by’umwihariko [[:en:Music|indirimbo]].   Mu rwego rwo gukomeza gusigasira uyu [[:en:Culture_of_Rwanda|muco]] mwiza dore ko kera nta buryo buhamye bwo kubika [[:en:Dance|imbyino]] n’ibihangano mu buryo bwanditse cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga nk’uko muri iki gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga bikorwa, ubu mu mashuri hashyizweho gahunda yo gutoza abana umuco bigishwa byinshi ku mateka, imivugo, indirimbo n’[[:en:Dance|imbyino]]. Nta wakwirengagiza kandi uruhare rw’amatorero abyina mu buryo bwa gakondo ndetse n’imiryango mu rugendo rwo gukomeza gusigasira uyu muco wo kubyina. Iyi nyandiko iragaragaza zimwe mu [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] gakondo zakorwaga ndetse zimwe zigikomeje gukoreshwa n’abanyarwanda bitewe n’ibihe imiryango n’igihugu kiba kirimo. ==1.   Umushayayo cyangwa Umushagiriro== Umushayayo ni [[:en:Dance|imbyino]] izwi cyane ku gitsina gore. Iyi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] ishushanya ukwiyoroshya ndetse n’ubwiza bw’abanyarwandakazi dore ko ababyina baba basa n’abigana uko inka zigenda ndetse n’uko [[:en:Natural_environment|ibidukikije]] nk’amashyamba, ibiyaga, n’ibindi bigenda byizunguza. Gusa ibi nta wapfa kubibona kuko umuntu ureba ababyinnyi akenshi aba yarangajwe n’uburyohe bw’[[:en:Dance|imbyino]]. Muri rusange iyi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] yerekana uko [[inyamaswa]] zitandukanye zo mu gihugu zigenda zirambagira mu buryo buryoheye ijisho nk’[[inzovu]], isha, imparage n’izindi. [[File:Rwanda tradition Dance.jpg|thumb|Umushayayo]] Umushayayo cyangwa Umushagiriro nk’uko bamwe bakunze kubyita, ushyirwa mu [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] gakondo eshatu za mbere muri [[Afurika]] zikunzwe cyane. Uburyo ibyinwa usanga byerekana ugutuza, ukwicisha bugufi, ukwiyubaha, umutima mwiza, ubwiyoroshye, ubuziranenge, ubwiza ndetse n’ibyishimo biranga abanyarwandakazi bivugwa ko bafite ubwiza buhebuje muri [[Afurika]]. Iyi mibyinire ngo yerekana ishusho nziza y’uko [[inka]] ziba zimeze iyo zitambuka. ==2.  Intore – Imbyino yagaragazaga indwanyi ku rugamba== [[File:Ibyino(Intore).jpg|thumb|Intore ]] [[File:Guca umugara.jpg|thumb|Uko intore zacaga umugara]] Iyi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] yabyinwaga n’abasore bashaka kwerekana ko bakereye itabaro. Iyi mbyino yerekanaga ko bashabutse (ari abantu banyaruka), ingufu no kugira ubwirinzi bukomeye ndetse n’ubushotoranyi nk’ubw’intare. ==3.   Ukurambagiza – Imbyino y’Abagabo n’Abagore== Iyi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]] akenshi bakunze kuyita iy’I bwami. Yabaga ari imbyino nziza cyane ku buryo abayibyinaga bayitaga “Imbyino y’abakundana”. ==4.   Umurishyo w’ingoma== Abakaraza (abavuza [[ingoma]]) babaga ari cumi na batatu (13) dore ko uwo mubare wari ikimenyetso cy’ubutware bw’ingoma ya cyami. Abakaraza kera babaga ari abagabo ariko ubu n’abagore barabikora cyane. Ingoma zari iz’ingenzi cyane kuko zamenyeshaga ko umwami ahari. Zanakoreshwaga nka bumwe mu buryo bwo gutambutsa ubutumwa kuva ku [[:en:King|Mwami]] kugera ku byegera bye ndetse n’abandi bose barimo inshuti n’abamufashaga mu buryo butandukanye. Abakaraza babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye I Bwami kubera uwo murimo ukomeye babaga bafite. Umutagara (Ingoma zose zavuzwaga) wabaga urimo Ishakwe, Ingoma nto kurusha izindi zose wasangaga yarabaga ireshya na santimetero zigera muri 47 (cm 47) ariko ikagira ijwi rirangira cyane  (rigera kure). Habagamo Inyahura, Ingoma yabaga ireshya na santimetero zigera kuri 85 z’uburebure ikanagira ijwi rivugira hasi cyane, yanagiraga umurambararo munini kurusha Ishakwe. Umurishyo w’ingoma wanyuraga amatwi y’abatari bake. Ingoma kandi zavuzwaga ubwo habaga hari ibirori cyangwa se mu gihe cyo kwakira umushyitsi w’imena. Abakaraza bakoreshaga uduti tubiri kugira ngo ingoma zishobore kuvuga twitwa ''imirishyo.'' ==5.   Ikinimba== Ikinimba ni [[:en:Dance|imbyino]] yabyinwaga cyane mu mihango ikomeye y’I bwami cyane cyane ijyanye n’imyemerere. Ariko na none usanga indirimbo zaherekezaga iyi mbyino ari izaherekezaga cyangwa zagiraga inama umugeni uburyo azitwara mu muryango ashatsemo. Ubwo umukobwa yabaga amaze gushinga urugo (gushaka) ntabwo yabaga acyemerewe kubyina iyi [[:en:Dance|mbyino]]. [[File:Ibyino.jpg|thumb|Kubyina ikinimba]] ==6.   Umuganura== Muri rusange, umuganura wabaga ari umunsi mukuru ukomeye mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere dore ko abantu bahuriraga hamwe kugira ngo basangirire hamwe umusaruro w’ibyo bejeje. Ibi byose byaherekezwaga n’ibintu binyuranye birimo umuziki, kubara inkuru ndetse n’[[:en:Dance|imbyino]]. Abagore babyinaga imbyino zijyanye n’umuganura bagombaga kuba bambaye umwambaro mwiza w’ibirori kandi bikwije kugira ngo bashimire [[Imana]] yabahaye kugera ku musaruro ushimishije bikaba n’umwanya wo kuzana [[Urubuto|imbuto]] no kuzihesha umugisha kugira ngo zizashobore kwera neza mu gihe gitaha. [[:en:Dance|Imbyino]] gakondo ni zimwe mu nkingi za mwamba z’umuco nyarwanda kuko umuziki no kubyina byakomeje kuba iby’ingenzi mu bigize umuryango cyangwa sosiyete. Akenshi, igitsina gore babyina bambaye umwambaro ufatwa nk’uw’ibirori uzwi ku izina ry’Umushanana, agapira mu imbere ndetse n’umwitero. Mu mibyinire, Abagabo bakunze kugaragara bakoresha ingufu cyane mu gihe abagore bo baba babyina bagenda gake gake mu buryo butuje ari na byo biranga ubwiyoroshye bwabo. Kalisa Rugano, umwanditsi nyarwanda akaba n’umunyamateka, asanga kubyina ari ururimi isi yose yumva. Kuri we, ngo Abanyarwanda bifashishaga imbyino mu rwego rwo kwerekana abo ari bo, babyinaga iyo babaga bishimye cyangwa bari mu gahinda. Byari n’uburyo bwo guhanga ubumwe mu muryango cyangwa muri sosiyete. Ingero ni uko wasangaga abanyarwanda babyina iyo babaga bagize umusaruro ushimishije (Bejeje ibiribwa byinshi), iyo umwana yabaga yavutse, iyo babaga batahukanye intsinzi ku rugamba cyangwa barutsinzwe, icyo gihe cyose habaga imbyino zisobanura ibyo byose. Urundi rugero ni uko ingabo zashoboraga kubyinira Umwami iyo babaga bagiye kumumurikira ibitekerezo byazo, noneho igihe zigarutse mu ngo zabo zivuye ku rugamba, abagore bazo ndetse n’abana bashoboraga kubabyinira kandi bagashimira Imana kuko yabafashije ikabarindira ubuzima ku rugamba. Ikindi kivugwa ni uko ishusho y’uko imbyino iteye byaturukaga ku buryo babonaga ibidukikije nk’uko imisozi iteye n’ibindi. Kubyina kera byari nk’indangamuntu. Ibi byagaragazwaga n’uko hari uburyo buryuranye abantu babyinagamo bitewe n’aho baherereye bitewe n’abo babaga ari bo cyangwa se imirimo bakoraga. Nk’abantu bo mu [[:en:Eastern_Province,_Rwanda|Burasirazuba]] babyinaga bitewe n’imiterere yaho, babyinaga bategeka basa n’abamanuka kandi bakaraga umubyimba ndetse bakabyinana amacumu n’ingabo kuko babaga ari abatunzi, abashumba n’abahinzi. Iyo mibyinire bayitaga ''gushagirira'' cyangwa ''Gushayaya''. Nk’abantu bo mu Misozi ya Kibuye ([[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] y'ubu), mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20200926123948/https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=12 Ntara y’Iburengarazuba], bakoreshaga imbaraga nyinshi mbese nk’ingufu bakoreshaga bazamuka [[imisozi]]. Iyo mbyino bayitaga ''inshongore y’abahungu.'' [[:en:Northern_Province,_Rwanda|Mu Gace k’Amajyaruguru]] ashyira Uburengerazuba, babyinaga ''Ikinimba'' aho abantu bagaragaraga nk’abakomeye byashushanyaga [[imisozi]] y’[[Ikirunga|ibirunga]] iri muri ako gace. Mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere wasangaga akenshi abakobwa bashyingirwa bafite hagati y’imyaka 16 na 20. Kubera ko babaga bakiri bato kandi batari bamenya icyo gukora, kuva muri icyo kigero ngo babe abagore byarabagoraga ari na byo byatumaga abantu babaririmbira indirimbo bakanababyinira kugira ngo babakomeze. [[:en:Dance|Imbyino]] babyinaga yitwaga ''Ibihozo.'' ==Inyandiko zifashishijwe== 1.      https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=297&section=10 2.      http://www.astepintonature.com/2017/12/13/into-the-roots-of-rwanda/ 3.      https://www.kariburwanda.com/rwanda-cultural-dance-troupe 4.      http://www.komezinganzo.com/cultural-group/ 5.      https://outandaboutnycmag.com/102817-oa-nyc-going-back-to-africa-with-walestylez-top-10-best-traditional-african-dances/#more-24203 6.      https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/rwandan-traditional-dance-firm-grip-culture 7.      https://www.kariburwanda.com/rwanda-cultural-dance-troupe 8.      http://www.komezinganzo.com/cultural-group/ [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Afurika]] 9jwckm90galdh1xgcuiekq3gytjklq7 0 8483 76249 74205 2021-07-21T14:58:03Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = [[Dosiye:Gukaraba_neza_intoki_mbere_yo_kwijira_mu_Ishuri_mu_Rwanda_hirindwa_Covid-19.jpg|thumb|Gukaraba neza intoki mbere yo kwijira mu Ishuri mu Rwanda hirindwa Covid-19]] <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/ubushakashatsi-na-raporo</ref>Amazi meza, ubwiherero bufite ibyangombwa by’ibanze, n’umuco wo kugira isuku ni ibintu by’ingenzi mu mibereho n’imikurire y’abana. Ibura ry’ibyo bintu nkenerwa by’ibanze, rishyira mu kaga ubuzima bw’abana ibihumbi n’ibihumbi. Amazi, isuku n’isukura ni uburenganzira bwa muntu.Ibikorwa bigeza kuri buri wese amazi, isuku n’isukura, biri ku isonga mu Rwanda. Amazi meza, isuku n’isukura bifitanye isano ikomeye n’imirire myiza, ubuzima bwiza, uburinganire, iterambere ry’ubukungu, hamwe no kubungabunga ibidukikije. == Amazi == Mu [[Rwanda]], 57 ku ijana by’abaturage ni bo bonyine babona amazi meza yo kunywa aherereye ahari urugendo rw’iminota 30 kuva mu ngo zabo. Iyo abana bakoresheje umwanya wabo mu kuvoma amazi, akenshi bituma batajya ku ishuri. Iki ni ikibazo cyugarije cyane cyane abakobwa, dore ko ari bo baba batezweho gukora imirimo myinshi yo mu rugo. N’ubwo amazi aboneka hafi y’ingo, akenshi ntabwo aba ari meza ku buryo abantu bayanywa. Iyo rero abana banyweye amazi yanduye, bibatera indwara zikomeye cyane - ndetse n’ urupfu – ruturutse ku ndwara ziterwa n’amazi mabi. == Isukura == [[File:Washing hands.jpg|thumb|abana bakaraba intoki<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygi%C3%A8ne_du_corps#/media/Fichier:Washing_hands.jpg</ref>|161x161px]] Isukura ry’ibanze risobanuye ko buri rugo rwaba rufite ubwiherero bwarwo rudahuriyeho n’urundi rugo. Ubwo bwiherero bugomba kandi kuba bubasha kubika umwanda ku buryo ntaho uwo mwanda wahurira n’abantu. Abanyarwanda 64 ku ijana gusa ni bo babasha kugerwaho n’ibyo bikorwa by’isukura. Hari kandi ikinyuranyo gikomeye kijyanye n’ubukungu bw’imiryango: ingo zifite ubushobozi buhagije zifite ubwiherero ku kigero cya 94 ku ijana ugereranije na 74 ku ijana by’ingo zikennye cyane. == Isuku == [[File:Laundry-Lady-in-Mai-Chau,-Vietnam.jpg|thumb|Umubyeyi uri gufura,-Vietnam<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laundry-Lady-in-Mai-Chau,-Vietnam.jpg</ref>|164x164px]] Mu Rwanda, ingo 5 ku ijana gusa ni zo zifite ahantu habugenewe abagize umuryango bakarabira intoki n’isabune. Gukaraba intoki mu bihe by’ingenzi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kugira ubuzima bwiza cyane cyane ku bana. = Ishakiro = <references /> sigprda4l8ayp4p84xr9u45xwhunija 0 8484 78499 76252 2021-08-25T01:24:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiro_by'akarere_ka_Kamonyi.jpg|thumb|Ibiro by'akarere ka Kamonyi]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] '''Kamonyi''' ni Akarere kari mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, [[Rwanda]] . Umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Kamonyi, rimwe na rimwe izwi nka Gihinga. [[Dosiye:KamonyiDist.png|thumb|Ikarita y'akarere ka Kamonyi]] == Imirenge == Akarere ka Kamonyi kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12 ( ''imirenge'' ): Gacurabwenge, Karama, Kayenzi, Kayumbu, Mugina, Musambira, Ngamba, Nyamiyaga, Nyarwaka, Rugalika, Rukoma na Runda. == '''aho wabisoma''' == * "Districts of Rwanda" . Statoids . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152931/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/events/Inzego.doc Inzego.doc] &#x2014; amakuru y'Intara, Uturere n’umurenge aturuka muri ''MINALOC'', minisiteri yu Rwanda yubutegetsi bwibanze. [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] lwbr79llw8gbsq2c4hjnspu35d9sr1t 0 8486 80429 76383 2021-11-16T09:52:41Z 2A01:E0A:26:3D0:817A:82DE:E532:CC6E wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aliko Dangote.jpg|thumb|Umuherwe wa mbere muri Afurika, '''Aliko Dangote''']] '''Aliko Dangote''' GCON (yavutse ku ya 10 Mata 1957) ni umucuruzi w’umuherwe wo muri Nijeriya, akaba ari nawe washinze kandi akaba n’umuyobozi wa Dangote Group, uruganda rukora [[Dosiye:Aliko_Dangote_Painting_Collage_By_Danor_Shtruzman.jpg|thumb|Aliko Dangote ]] inganda muri Afurika. Afite umutungo ungana na miliyari 8.3 z'amadolari y'Amerika (Nyakanga 2020), aribyo bimugira umutunzi wa 162 ku isi akaba n'umukire wa mbere muri Afurika . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == === Umuryango n' Ubuzima bwe bwite === Aliko Dangote, umuyisilamu wo mu bwoko bwa Hausa ukomoka mu gace ka Kano, muri Leta ya Kano, yavutse ku ya 10 Mata 1957 avukira mu muryango w’abayisilamu bakize,   umuhungu wa Mohammed Dangote na Mariya Sanusi Dantata, umukobwa wa Sanusi Dantata . Ni umwuzukuru wa Alhaji Alhassan Dantata, , akaba ariwe wari umuherwe wo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba igihe yapfaga mu 1955. Ugushyingo 2021, Sani Dangote, Visi Perezida (VP) wo mu itsinda rya Dangote na murumuna wa Aliko Dangote, yitabye Imana. Dangote aba i Lagos . Yabanje gushinga urugo , afite abakobwa batatu, n'umuhungu umwe yareze. === Uburezi === Dangote yagize ati:<blockquote>"Ndibuka igihe nigaga mu mashuri abanza, najyaga kugura amakarito y'utuntu turyohereye [bombo] nkatangira kubigurisha kugira ngo mbone amafaranga. Nashishikazwaga cyane n'ubucuruzi, ndetse no muri icyo gihe nigaga. " </blockquote>Dangote yize muri Sheikh Ali Kumasi Madrasa, '''<u>akurikirwa</u>''' na Capital High School, Kano. Mu 1978, yarangije muri kaminuza ya Leta, Birnin Kudu . Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu masomo y’ubucuruzi n’imiyoborere yakuye muri [[kaminuza ya Al-Azhar]], i Cairo . == Umwuga w'ubucuruzi == === Nijeriya === Itsinda rya Dangote ryashinzwe nk'ikigo gito cy'ubucuruzi mu 1977, muri uwo mwaka Dangote yimukira i Lagos kwagura sosiyete. Kuri ubu, ni tiliyoni- naira ihuriweho n'ibikorwa byinshi muri Benin, Gana, [[Nijeriya]], [[Zambiya]] na Togo. Dangote yakomereje kwagura ibikorwa bye mu gutunganya ibiribwa, gukora sima, no gutwara ibicuruzwa. Itsinda rya Dangote riri kandi ku isonga ku isoko ry’isukari muri Nijeriya kandi ni ryo ritanga amasoko akomeye mu masosiyete y’ibinyobwa bidasembuye yo muri iki gihugu, inzoga, ndetse n’'''ibiribwa biryohereye'''. Itsinda rya Dangote ryavuye ku kuba isosiyete y’ubucuruzi rihinduka itsinda rinini ry’inganda kurusha ayandi matsinda muri Nijeriya ririmo uruganda rutunganya isukari ya Dangote, isima ya Dangote, n'ifarine ya Dangote. Muri Nyakanga 2012, Dangote yegereye ikigo gishinzwe ibyambu cya Nijeriya ashaka gukodesha isambu yari yaratawe itagikoreshwa yo ku cyambu cya Apapa, arabyemererwa. <ref>[http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/nigeria04.html "Dangote Sugar Refinery Plc (DSR)"], ''Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization''. Accessed 26 November 2015.</ref> Nyuma yaje kubaka ahongaho amazu ya sosiyete ye y'ifarine. Mu myaka y' 1990, yegereye Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya , ayigezaho igitekerezo ko byayihendukira iramutse yemereye isosiyete ye itwara abantu gutwara bisi z’abakozi ba banki, icyifuzo nacyo kiremerwa. Yatanze kandi amafaranga muri minisiteri y'imikino yo muri Nijeriya yo kuvugurura stade y'igihugu, Abuja. Magingo aya muri Nijeriya , Itsinda rya Dangote kubwiganze bwaryo ku isoko ry’isukari n’ubucuruzi bw’uruganda niryo ritanga isoko nyamukuru (70 ku ijana by’isoko) ku masosiyete y’ibinyobwa bidasembuye mu gihugu, inzoga '''n’ibiryo.''' Nirwo ruganda runini muri Afurika kandi ni urwa gatatu runini ku isi, rutanga toni 800.000 z'isukari buri mwaka. Itsinda rya Dangote rifite inganda zumunyu n’uruganda rukora '''ifu''' kandi ni rwo rutumiza umuceri, amafi, '''amakariso''', sima, n’ifumbire. Iyi sosiyete igemura hanze y'igihugu ipamba, imbut'''o za cashew''', cakao, imbuto za sesame, na '''tungurusumu''' mu bihugu byinshi. Ifite kandi ishoramari rikomeye mu mutungo utimukanwa, amabanki, ubwikorezi, imyenda, '''peteroli''', na gaze. Isosiyete ikoresha abantu barenga 11,000 kandi niryo huriro rinini ry'inganda muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba . Dangote yagiye yagura ibikorwa bye mu itumanaho kandi yatangiye kubaka kilometero 14,000 z'insinga za <nowiki><b>fibre optique</b></nowiki> kugira ngo igere muri Nigeriya yose. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Dangote yahawe igihembo muri Mutarama 2009 nk'umuntu wambere utanga akazi mu bwubatsi bw'inganda muri Nijeriya. Yaravuze ati: "Reka mbabwire ibi kandi ndashaka kubishimangira rwose ... ntakintu na kimwe kizafasha Nigeriya nk'uko abanyanigeriya bakwigarurira amafaranga yabo. Niba umpaye miliyari 5 uyu munsi, nzashora ibintu byose hano muri Nigeriya. Reka dushyire hamwe kandi dukore. " Dangote yagize uruhare runini mu gutera inkunga [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] yongeye kwiyamamariza amatora mu 2003, aho yatanze miliyoni zisaga 200 (miliyoni 2 US $). Yatanze miliyoni 50 (US $ ibihumbi 500) mu [[Umusigiti w’Abuja|musigiti w’igihugu]] ayobowe na "Inshuti za Obasanjo na Atiku". Yatanze miliyoni 200 mu isomero rya Perezida. Izi mpano zitavugwaho rumwe cyane n’abayoboke b’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi PDP zateje impungenge zikomeye nubwo gahunda yo kurwanya ruswa yatangajwe cyane muri manda ya kabiri ya Obasanjo. Bivugwa ko Dangote yiyongereyeho miliyari 9.2 z'amadolari mu mutungo we bwite mu 2013, nk'uko ikinyamakuru Bloomberg Index kibitangaza, bituma aba umuntu wa mirongo itatu wa mbere mu bakize ku isi muri kiriya gihe, byongeye no kuba yariwe mukire wa mbere muri Afurika. Mu mwaka wa 2014, guverinoma ya Nijeriya yavuze ko Dangote yatanze miliyoni 150 naira (US $ 750.000) kugira ngo ikwirakwizwa rya ebola rihagarare. Aliko Dangote, kimwe na Femi Otedola, basezeranyije guha Super Eagles yo muri Nijeriya $ 75.000 US $ kuri buri gitego cyatsinzwe mu gikombe cy’Afurika (AFCON) 2019. <ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2019/07/11/afcon-dangote-otedola-to-splash-75000-per-goal-on-super-eagles/</ref> Kurubu Aliko Dangote abarirwa umutungo usaga miliyari 8.5 zamadolari y'Amerika<ref>https://www.forbes.com/profile/aliko-dangote/#4a54f93e22fc</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2020, yatanze miliyoni 200 Naira mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwizwa rya Coronavirus muri Nijeriya. == '''Kumenyekana no gufasha''' == Dangote '''ahagarariye/ ari muri commite''' inama y’ubufatanye muri Afurika, akaba n'umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi y’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] ishinzwe uburezi bwa mbere ku isi, Clinton Global Initiative hamwe n’inama mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi y<nowiki>''Ihuriro ry'</nowiki>ubukungu ku isi . Muri Nzeri 2016, Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwo muri Amerika rwamugize '''Umuyobozi''' w’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi muri Amerika na Afurika, . Muri Mata 2017, yinjiye mu Nama y'Abayobozi ya Clinton Health Access Initiative . '''Umugiraneza witanze''', Dangote yatanze inkunga ya mbere ingana na miliyari 1.25 z'amadolari kuri Fondasiyo ya Aliko Dangote muri Werurwe 2014, bituma ishobora kwagura ibikorwa byayo mu bijyanye n'ubuzima, uburezi ndetse no guteza imbere ubukungu. Byongeye kandi, afatanya na Fondasiyo ya Bill na Melinda Gates mu kurwanya indwara y'ibicuri n'ibindi bibazo. Ari no mu Nama y'Ubukangurambaga bumwe ( One campaign) . * Dangote yahawe igihembo cyo kuba umunyacyubahiro cya kabiri muri Nijeriya, '''Umuyobozi mukuru w'Icyiciro cya Nigeriya''' ( GCON ) agihabwa n'uwahoze ari perezida, Goodluck Jonathan . * '''Dangote yagizwe umuntu w'indashyikirwa w’umwaka wa 2014 muri Forbes Afurika. ☃☃''' * Mu myaka itandatu ikurikiranye, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, na 2018 Forbes yamushyize ku rutonde nk 'Umuntu wa mbere ukomeye muri Afurika '. * Muri 2014, CNBC yamushyizwe ku rutonde rw'Abacuruzi 25 ba mbere ku isi' bahinduye kandi '''bahaye icyerekezo''' ikinyejana. * Muri Mata 2014, TIME Magazine cyamushyize mu bantu 100 bakomeye ku isi. * Mu Kwakira 2015, Bloomberg Markets yashyize Dangote ku rutonde rw’abantu 50 bakomeye ku isi. * Yatsindiye ' kuba '''The Guardian Man of the Year 2015'. ☃☃''' * Yatsindiye igihembo cya '''<nowiki/>'2016 African Business Leader Award'''', cyateguwe n'Ikigo cya Afurika-Amerika (AAI). == '''Ishakiro''' == {{Reflist|30em}} * [[Category:Living people]] bpjf7mm9rtkdgomcj3yheof94jm82ag 0 8487 81299 77078 2021-12-20T19:46:24Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:RWFn5000v.jpg|RWFn5000v.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Christian Ferrer|Christian Ferrer]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Banknotes of Rwanda|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Great_Western_Savings_Bank.jpg|thumb|Banki nkuru y'u Pwanda (BNR)]] '''Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda''' ( French: Bank nationale du Rwanda) ni banki nkuru mu [[Rwanda]] . Banki yashinzwe mu 1964. Ubu guverineri wayo ni [[John Rwangombwa]] . == Aho iherereye == Iherereye mu nyubako ya Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda, ku Muhanda wa KN6 ahagenewe ubucuruzi hagati mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]]. ibiranga icyicaro gikuru cya banki ni 01 ° 56'56.0 "S, 30 ° 03'49.0" E (Ubunini: -1.948889; Uburebure: 30.063611). == Incamake == Iyi banki ifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere politiki yo kwinjiza imari kandi ni umunyamuryango wa mbere [http://www.afi-global.org w’ubumwe bw’ubufatanye bw’imari] . Ni kandi kimwe mu bigo 17 byabanje kugenzura ibyemezo by’igihugu byiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa imari mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa imari n'igenamigambi nk'uko byatangajwe na Maya mu ihuriro rya politiki mpuzamahanga ku isi ryabereye muri Mexico muri 2011. == Ba guverineri Bayoboye iyi banki == Abayobozi ba Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda * Johan A. Brandon : 1964-1965 * Masaya Hattori : 1965-1971 * Jean Berchmans Birara : 1971-1985 * Augustin Ruzindana : 1985-1990 * Denis Ntirugirimbabazi : 1991-1994 * Gérard Niyitegeka : 1994-1995 * François Mutemberezi : 1996-2002 * François Kanimba : 2002-2011 * Claver Gatete : 2011-2013 * John Rwangombwa : Nyuma ya 2013 == Amateka == Banki nkuru, amazina ahinnye yiswe " '''BNR''' ", yagiye iterimbere intambwe ku yindi: * Iteka ryemewe ryo ku wa 27 Nyakanga 1887 rigena ifaranga nk'uko n'amafaranga ya Leta yigenga ya Kongo, ariho n' U Rwanda rwabarizwaga. * Amasezerano ya Heligoland yo mu 1890 ashyira u Rwanda n'Uburundi mu muryango w'ubudage muri Afurika; Ubudage rupie yo muburasirazuba bwa Afrika nk' ifaranga ryemewe; kuzenguruka amafaranga y'ubufaransa bigakomeza gutyo gutyo. * Bitewe n’ibikorwa [[Ububiligi|by’Ububiligi]], Kongo y’Ababiligi ibaye umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’amafaranga y’ikilatini mu 1908. * Banki y'Ububiligi ya Kongo yashinzwe mu 1909. * Banki y’Ububiligi ya Congo yatanze inoti zayo za mbere mu 1912. * U Rwanda n'Uburundi bifatanije na Kongo Franc Zone nyuma yo gutsindwa [[Ubudage|n'Ubudage]] mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose ; 1927 * Ubukoloni bwa Kongo y'Ububiligi na Banki y'Ububiligi bwa Kongo bushiraho umubano mushya; 1927–1952 ** Igihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : uruhare rw'agateganyo rwa Banki y'Ubwongereza ; Igifaransa congo kiri i Londres. * Ababiligi Congo na Banki Nkuru ya Ruanda-Urundi (BCCBRU) 1952 - 1960 * Banque d 'Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB) / (Gutanga Banki yu Rwanda nu Burundi) - 1960 - 1964 * Banki ya Royal yu Burundi (BRB) na Banque Nationale du Rwanda (BNR) yafunguwe mu 1964. * ( Banque de la République du Burundi (BRB) ifungura mu 1966. ) == Reba kandi == * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * Amafaranga y'u Rwanda * Amabanki yo hagati n’ifaranga rya Afurika == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.bnr.rw/ (in French and English)] [http://www.bnr.rw/ '''Urubuga rwemewe:''' Banque Nationale du Rwanda] [[Category:Banki nkuru y'U Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Template]] crjv6vav2tf4gs29uwppsf48kr90710 14 8490 73502 73501 2020-10-02T13:27:36Z Onikaodile 9173 Onikaodile moved page [[Category:Living people]] to [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]]: Corrected a title to make more sense wikitext text/x-wiki Iki ni igice cy'abantu bakiriho. 6lrul2gnqtrleq3klmxd1jvgzc4kw9p 14 8491 73503 2020-10-02T13:27:36Z Onikaodile 9173 Onikaodile moved page [[Category:Living people]] to [[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]]: Corrected a title to make more sense wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] pcdttym06d9ly5mihbryr6kqytidw51 0 8492 73509 2020-10-02T18:50:34Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Created page with "= <ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=206</ref>Intangiriro = File:ARS_red_onion.jpg|thumb|igitunguru gitukura<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oignon#/media/Fichier:..." wikitext text/x-wiki = <ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=206</ref>Intangiriro = [[File:ARS_red_onion.jpg|thumb|igitunguru gitukura<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oignon#/media/Fichier:ARS_red_onion.jpg</ref>]] Umuryango w’ibihingwa : ibitunguru « ALLIUM CEPA » kimwe na puwalo, tungurusumu bibarirwa mu muryango wa « Liliaceae » muri ordre ya Liliflores no mu muryango mugari wa « Monocotyledones » == Aho bikunda == Bikunda mu Rwanda hose. Ariko kugirango ibijumba bibe binini, hagomba uburebure bw’umunsi mugufi buri hagati y’amasaha 12 na 16. Hagomba kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 18 (18°C) kugirango ibitunguru bibyimbe bimere nk’ibihaze. Ubushyuhe buke bwo bubifasha mu gihe cyo gushibuka, gukura no kuzana indabo. === Ubutaka === [[File:PIANTAGIONE_DI_CIPOLLA_ROSSA_DI_TROPEA.JPG|thumb|umurima uteyemo ibitunguru bitukura<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cipolla_Rossa_di_Tropea_Calabria#/media/Fichier:PIANTAGIONE_DI_CIPOLLA_ROSSA_DI_TROPEA.JPG</ref>]] Onyo ikunda ubutaka bworoshye, butari burebure cyane kandi bwumutse neza. Ntabwo ikunda ubutaka buhora butose kandi n’ubutaka bw’ibumba si bwiza. Ikunda ubutaka burimo potasi. Niyo mpamvu, umuhinzi agomba kubufumbiza ivu. == Amoko == [[File:Oignons_variétés.jpg|thumb|Amoko y'ibitunguru<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oignon</ref>]] === Amoko yamamazwa mu Rwanda ni aya === 1. Igitunguru gitukura : Red Cléole 2. Igitunguru cy’umuhondo : Texas grano Ayo moko afite amabara atandukanye. Niyo mpamvu umuhinzi areba ibara n’impumuro (parfum) y’ubwoko agiye guhinga kuko aribyo abaguzi bakunze kwibandaho. == Ifumbire == Kubera ko ifumbire ari ingirakamaro mu gutunganya imiterere y’ubutaka, ni ngombwa gushyiramo ifumbire iboze neza cyane. Kg 200/are 1 iba ihagije. === Igihe cy’ihinga: === - kwinaza muri pepiniyeri : Mata-Kamena – bihingwa (kugemura) mu mpeshyi ariko bikavomerwa. Bigomba gutangira kwera mbere y’imvura yo mu kwezi kwa Nzeri === Gutera ibitunguru: === – Habanza kwinaza umurama mu buhumbikiro bakoresha g 5/m² 1. Bataba umurama muri mm 5-10 ku mirongo bagasigamo cm 10 hagati yayo. – Urwinarizo rufite m² 100 rurahagije kugirango ubone ingemwe zahinga ha 1 – Igihe bimara mu rwinarizo : iminsi 45 kugeza kuri 60 – Bagemura onyo ifite umubyimba w’igice cyo hasi ungana n’ikaramu nto, icyo gihe amababi aba areshya na cm 15-20 – Uko bagemura : mbere yo gutera ingemwe, babanza gushabura iminsi y’ingemwe, itemerwa kuri cm 1 hepfo y’ikijumba cya onyo kandi ntibakuraho imitwe y’amababi – Bazitera kuri cm 20-25 hagati y’imirongo na cm 5-10 ku mirongo ni ukuvuga ingemwe 450.000/ha – Urugemwe ruterwa kuri cm 3 z’ibujyakuzimu, nyuma bamara gutera bagasubiranya kandi bagatsindagira itaka ryo hejuru – Iyo ushaka ibitunguru bitari binini kuko aribyo bibikika, utera ingemwe nyinshi/are === Gukorera ibitunguru: === – Kubagara kenshi ariko unamenera kugirango ubutaka bworohe no kugirango ibyatsi bidakura vuba bigakwirakwiza indwara – Iyo onyo itangiye kubyibuha, bataba ivu iruhande rwayo. – Kwambura ibijumba by’ibitunguru ubutaka kugirango bishobore kubyimba no gufata ibara. ''Bikorwa ibitunguru biri hafi yo kwera babanza kubigondera amababi ku munigo wayo'' === Indwara n’ibyonnyi : a) Isazi ya onyo : === [[File:Uienvlieg_maden.jpg|thumb|Igitunguru kirwaye<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uienvlieg_maden.jpg</ref>]] Ikiyitera : isazi y’ibitunguru Aho ifata : igihingwa cyose Ibimenyetso : amababi aratumba. Inyo ziyo sazi zica utuyira mu gitunguru maze kikabora kikananuka cyane ==== Uko bayirwanya : ==== – kurandura no gutwikira mu mwobo ibitunguru byafashwe – kuvanga onyo na karoti kuko karoti yirukana isazi ifata onyo, naho onyo ikirukana ifata karoti – aho isazi yageze, nta onyo igomba gusubira muri uwo murima mbere y’imyaka 3 === Ububore bw’umweru (mildiou + alternariose) === Ikiyitera : uduhumyo Peronospora scheideni + Alternaria porri Aho ifata : ku mababi no ku bijumba by’igitunguru Ibimenyetso : Onyo zikiri nto zihinduka umuhondo kandi zikarandurwa n’ubusa. Ku bitunguru haba hatwikiriwe n’utwoya tweruruka ndetse rimwe na rimwe hakabaho utuntu tw’umukara === Uko bayirwanya : === – gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima – guhumbika no gutera onyo mu murima uhinze neza – gukoresha imiti ya kizungu : – Dithane : gr 50/L 10 z’amazi/ari 2 – Cupro-antracol : 2 Kg/ha – Milraz : 2 Kg/ha === Ububore bw’ikijuju : === Ikiyitera : uduhumyo (Aspergillus niger na Sclerotium cepivorum) Aho ifata : ibitunguru Ibimenyetso : mu gihe bibitse, ibitunguru byuzuraho amoya y’ikijuju cyangwa ibintu by’umukara kandi bikomeye. Amaherezo ibitunguru birabora neza neza === Uko bayirwanya : === – kwanika neza ibitunguru mbere yo kubihunika kandi bigahunikwa ahantu humutse – gukuramo ibitunguru byafashwe kugirango bitanduza ibindi – kubibika ahantu hari umwuka uhagije kandi bimanitse === Indwara iterwa n’inzoka y’ibimera : === Ikiyitera : inzoka yitwa Angilile (Ditylenchus dispaci) Aho ifata : amababi, ibitunguru Ibimenyetso : onyo ziranuka. Amababi aratumba. Ibitunguru birafobagana. Igitunguru kirisatura maze kikabora. === Uko bayirwanya === – gutwikira mu mwobo onyo zafashwe – gusubiza onyo muri uwo murima nyuma y’imyaka 4-5 === Iminsi zerera === Basarura onyo iyo ibibabi byazo byumye neza neza, igishishwa cy’inyuma kimeze nk’urupapuro rushaje. Bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ubutunguru n’akarere bihinzemo, ibitunguru byera nyuma y’amezi 3-4 bigemuriwe mu murima === Umurumbuko === umusaruro w’ibitunguru kuri ha 1 uri hagati ya toni 30 na toni 70 bitewe n’uburemere bwa buri gitunguru. === Guhunika === – Iyo bamaze gusarura onyo zeze, bazanika ku zuba – Izimaze kugabanukamo amazi bareba izitarwaye, izidatemye bakazibika ku mbaho cyangwa ku byatsi byumye ahantu humutse kandi hinjiramo umwuka uhagije – Bashobora no kumanika ibitunguru byiza mu gisenge N.B. : Ibitunguru bishobora kubikwa mu gihe kiri hagati y’amezi 4 na 6. Ibyo aribyo byose ibigomba gupfa muri icyo gihe ntibigomba kurenga 30% y’ibyabitswe. Iyi nyandiko ushobora kuyihuza n’igihe bitewe n’ubushakashatsi bugenda bugerwaho mu buhinzi bw’ibitunguru bityo imibare imwe nimwe ikagenda ihinduka bitewe n’aho uri kubihinga. == Ishakiro == <references /> 3pppqicaco693bizriscw8y1ugd0wyy 0 8493 83205 82060 2022-05-09T13:40:44Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeannette Kagame''' (wavutse 1962) ni umugore wa [[Paul Kagame]] perezida w' u [[Rwanda]]. Jeannette Kagame niwe washinze umuryango Imbuto Foundation akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wayo ufite intumbero yo guteza imbere abagore ndetse n' imyigire y' abana babakobwa.<ref>http://www.imbutofoundation.org/our-founder/biography/OUR-FOUNDER-AND-CHAIRPERSON</ref> [[Dosiye:JeannetteKagame.jpg|thumb|JeannetteKagame]] == Amateka == Jeannette Kagame yavukiye i [[Burundi]], yagarutse mu gihugu cye cy'Urwanda nyuma ya genoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. yashakanye na perezida Paul Kagame mu 1989, bakaba barabyaranye abana bane, aribo Ivan Cyomoro Kagame, [[Ange Kagame]], Ian Kagame na Brian Kagame. Kuva icyo gihe yaharaniye kuzamura ubuzima gatozi bw'abanyarwanda bari mu [[Rwanda]], cyane cyane ubw'abapfakazi, impfubyi n'imiryango itishoboye.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imyaka-62-iruzuye-perezida-kagame-abonye-izuba-ibyaranze-ubuzima-bwe</ref> == Ibikorwa yakoze == Muri Gicurasi 2001 [[Kigali|,]] Kagame yakiriye inama ya mbere y’abategarugori ba mbere b’Abanyafurika kugirango baganire ku bana no ku kwirinda virusi itera SIDA i [[Kigali|Kigali, mu Rwanda]] . Iyi nama iganisha ku ishingwa rya [[PACFA]] (Kurinda no kwita ku miryango irwanya virusi itera [[SIDA]]).<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imbuto-foundation-yizihije-isabukuru-y-imyaka-20-madamu-jeannette-kagame</ref> Igikorwa cyibanze cyane cyane mugutanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirinda virusi itera [[SIDA]] no kwita kumuryango wose. Kagame yaje gushinga Umuryango w’abategarugori ba mbere b’Abanyafurika barwanya virusi itera [[SIDA]] ([[OAFLA]]) mu 2002, aba perezida wacyo kuva 2004 kugeza 2006. Mu myaka yashize, [[PACFA]] yakuze ikubiyemo imishinga itari iyo mu rwego rwa virusi itera [[SIDA]] ndetse no mu 2007 Imbuto Foundation - bisobanura “imbuto” muri Kinyarwanda - yarashinzwe. Fondasiyo ishyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye nka: gutanga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze no gutera inkunga ubukungu ku miryango yanduye virusi itera [[SIDA]]; kongera ubumenyi no guhindura imyumvire kubuzima bwimibonano mpuzabitsina ningimbi; kurinda urubyiruko kwirinda virusi itera [[SIDA]]; kwirinda malariya; gushishikariza abakobwa kuba indashyikirwa mu [[Ishuri]]; gutanga buruse ku rubyiruko rutishoboye; guteza imbere umuco wo gusoma; guhugura no guha urubyiruko ubumenyi bwo kwihangira imirimo no kuyobora. [[Dosiye:Jeannette_Kagame,_New_York_speech_2005-09-15.jpg|thumb|Madamu Jeannette Kagame atanga ikiganiro New York 2005-09-15]] Umudamu wa mbere kandi ni umurinzi wa Rotary Club Virunga, ifite icyicaro i [[Kigali]], yashinze isomero rya mbere rusange mu Rwanda mu 2012. Madamu Kagame kandi ni umwe mu bagize akanama k’ubuyobozi bw’imiryango itandukanye, harimo n’umuryango w’abagore barwanya virusi itera [[SIDA]] ndetse n’inshuti z’ikigega cya Afurika. == Ibihembo yahawe == Mu mwaka wa 2010,Jeannette Kagame yakiriye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma kubera uruhare yagize mu kurwanya virusi itera SIDA n'ubukene. Muri uwo mwaka, yagizwe uhagarariye umwihariko ku mirire y'abana na gahunda y'ibiribwa ku isi (WFP). Mu 2009, UNICEF yahaye Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] na Madamu wa Perezida Jeannette Kagame bahawe igihembo mu rwego rwo gushimira imbaraga zabo mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2007, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryamugize uhagarariye Ishami ry’Urukingo rwa Afurika muri Afurika (AAVP), kugira ngo abafatanyabikorwa ba [[Afurika]] bagire uruhare rugaragara mu nzego zose z’ubushakashatsi bw’inkingo za virusi itera [[SIDA]]. Jeannette Kagame afite impamyabumenyi mubigendanye n'ubukungu n'icungamutungo.<ref>http://igihe1.blogspot.com/2017/08/ubuzima-namateka-ya-jeannette-kagame.html</ref> kuwa 17 ugushyingo 2017 i amsterdsm mubuholandi, Madam Jeannette Kagame yahawe ibihembo bibiri na "the voice magazine" harimo icyo kuba [[Umugore]] w' indashyikirwa muri [[Afurika]] nicyo kuba umugore wakoze ibikorwa by' ubutwari kubera guharanira imibereho myiza y' abaturage cyane cyane abatishoboye.<ref>https://rwandaises.com/2017/11/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yahawe-ibihembo-birimo-icyumugore-windashyikirwa-muri-afurika/</ref> [[Dosiye:Laura_Bush_joins_Rwanda_first_lady_Jeannette_Kagame.jpg|thumb|Madamu Laura Bush ari mu biganiro na Madamu Jeannette Kagame]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060904015630/http://www.pacific.edu/sis/kagame/mrs-kagame.htm Kaminuza ya pasifika: Ibyerekeye Madame Jeannette Kagame] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Igifaransa]] [[Ikiciro:UBUREZI]] ein4aw1qo7j5fwvbhpryuy59srukqby 0 8494 83809 76865 2022-05-18T13:58:08Z 197.243.110.66 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sina Gérard''' (wavutse 1963) ni umunyarwanda ukurikirana kandi rwiyemezamirimo, niwe watangiye akaba n'umuyobozi w'ikigo gitunganya ibiribwa Urwibutso Enterprises . Ni umworozi w'ingurube, ukora ibiti, nyir'imigati, nyiri supermarket, ukora ibirungo, hamwe n'abagiraneza. Yavukiye mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], akarere ka Rulindo ; umurenge wa Tare n'akagari ka Nyirangarama. Nyuma, Nyirangarama, yabaye izina rye kubera ingaruka ubucuruzi bwagize ku baturage. Arubatse, afite abana batatu. Sina Gerard azwiho ubwitange mu iterambere ryaho. Isosiyete yatangije mu 1983, Urwibutso Enterprises, yavuye mu iduka rito igera ku mashami menshi hirya no hino mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda. Isosiyete Urwibutso, yatanze akazi 280 k'igihe cyose n'akazi 600 k'igihe gito mu cyaro aho Sina akomoka. Isosiyete ikorana n'impuzandengo y'imiryango 3.000 ifitanye isano n'ubuhinzi. Sina kandi yahaye abahinzi basezeranye na gahunda mbonezamubano nko gutera inkunga inguzanyo ziciriritse, uburezi, na gahunda yo guhugura ubuhinzi . Ingaruka z'umurimo we zamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi yahawe ibihembo byinshi na yo. Urutonde rwibihembo bye rurimo Diamond International Quality Crown, Igihe gishya cya Era kubera Ikoranabuhanga, Ubwiza, no guhanga udushya, ndetse na Made in Rwanda Award. Kuri ubu Sina ni umwe mu bagabo bakize cyane mu Rwanda kandi Urwibutso Enterprises ni ubwami bw’amadorari miliyoni. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:PikiWiki_Israel_9192_Gan-Shmuel_-_orange_juice_factory_in_1978.jpg|thumb|Sina Gerard ni rwiyemezamirimo ukora umutobe, juice mu mbuto ziboneka cyane mu Rwanda ]] === Tangira === Sina Gérard yatangije Urwibutso Enterprises afite imyaka 20, mu 1983. Yakoresheje imari shingiro ya 33.000RWF (agaciro ka 2013) kandi atanga umusaruro mubuhinzi bwababyeyi kugirango atangire imigati nto. Na bakery ye, we yatangiye umukono Urwibutso Donuts, bikaba nyuma yabaye izina Ventures we Igikubo. Igihe imigati ye yatangiraga gutanga umusaruro ku ishoramari, Sina yaragutse maze yinjira mu gukora imbuto-umutobe. === Umwuga wo hagati === Mu 1999, abonye ko ibicuruzwa bye bishya yongeyeho byagenze neza, yashora imari mu bikoresho byo gukora umutobe. Sina yafatanije nabahinzi benshi baho, bashora imari mubushakashatsi bwubuhanga bwo kubungabunga umutobe. Imitobe ya Agashya, cyane cyane nectar yimbuto yimbuto, nayo yamenyekanye kumasoko. Sina yahise atandukanya imishinga ye kurushaho: yongeyeho umushinga w'ingurube; inka, ihene, ibice byo korora urukwavu; n'umuvinyu n'umusaruro wa chili. Chili Akabanga yabaye kimwe mu bicuruzwa akoresha cyane, atari mu [[Rwanda]] gusa, ahubwo no ku mugabane wa Afurika no mu bindi bice by<nowiki>'isi. Sina avuga kuri Akabanga, "Bisobanura ikintu nk '' ibanga '</nowiki>. Nushira ku biryo byawe, uzasobanukirwa ibanga. " === 2000 === Kuva icyo gihe, Sina yaguye uruganda Urwibutso kandi isosiyete yongera ibicuruzwa bishya kuva kuri biscuits kugeza kuri vino. Ubu Urwibutso bibyara ikintu urugamba ibicuruzwa [[Dosiye:Industry_City_Japanese_Market_(54294).jpg|thumb|Isoko ry' uruganda rwa Sina Gerard ruzwi ku izina rya Nyirangarama]] birimo ifu Akanoze Maize floor, Akandi y'agaciro amazi, Agashya inanasi umutobe, strawberry na amwifuza imbuto umutobe, Akabanga n'urusenda amavuta, Akaryoshye strawberry na [[Yawurute|juice y'amatunda]], Akarusho umweru, umutuku na divayi insina ndetse 'AKARABO' biscuit . Mu AKARABO biscuit katangijwe ku bufatanye na Sweet Z'IBIRAYI Actions for Security na Health muri Afurika (SASHA) ndetse n'abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga Z'IBIRAYI Center (CIP), Rwanda Agricultural Board (RAB), Catholic Relief Services (CRS), IMBARAGA, Young Ishyirahamwe ry'abakristu b'abagore (YWCA). Iyi biscuit yashizweho kugirango yongere imirire nubukungu byimiryango yo mucyaro hamwe nabagore aribo itsinda ryibandwaho. Amaze gutsinda mu bucuruzi Sina Gérard yahisemo gushora imari mu gace atuyemo. Yaha abahinzi imbuto z'ubusa, ifumbire, amahugurwa kandi agura imyaka yabo igihe biteguye gusarurwa. Afite intego yo gutuma abahinzi bo mu Rwanda bumva bishimiye kuba abahinzi, kuko bangana na 90% by'abaturage. === Akazi k'abagiraneza === Sina kandi ni umugiraneza. Yubatse ishuri Collège Fondation Sina Gérard kubanyeshuri bo mu gace atuyemo. Ishuri ryigisha abanyeshuri kuva kurwego rwincuke kugeza [[Dosiye:PikiWiki_Israel_7981_Gan_-_Samuel_-_juice_factory_in_1955.JPG|thumb|Ishuri ryigisha imyuga itandukanye ryashinzwe na Sina Gerard rigamije gufasha urubyiruko kwiteza imbere.]] mumashuri yisumbuye. Abanyeshuri biga kubuntu, ndetse nabari mumashuri acumbikira. Ishuri ryubatswe mumiryango iciriritse, cyane cyane Urwibutso Enterprises ikorana. Iri shuri rihugura abanyeshuri kubaka ubumenyi nubumenyi mubice byubuhinzi, ubuvuzi bwamatungo nubumenyi bwibiryo . Ubu ishuri rifite abanyeshuri bagera ku 1100. Abanyeshuri bafite uburyo bwo guhinga butanga imbuto nka strawberry, pome, imbuto za [[Makadamiya|Macadamiya]], imbuto za logan, imbuto nshya mu [[Rwanda]] . Sina arateganya ko ishuri ryabyara abanyeshuri bazaba abafite PHD mumwaka wa 2022. Sina igamije ko ishuri ryaba ikigo aho abakiri bato nabatishoboye biyubaka bakivana mubukene. === Amagambo === "Mparanira ko nafasha abakennye cyane bitari muburyo bwo mu mafaranga gusa ahubwo no kubafasha kumenya uko ayo mafaranga bayigezaho mbaha ubumenyi bwayo." CNN CNN "Intego yanjye ni ukureba niba abaturage bo mu Rwanda biyubaka kandi bakava mu bukene." "Intego yanjye ni ukureba niba abahinzi bo mu Rwanda, kubera ko bapimwe 90%, bumva bishimiye kuba abahinzi. Nzi neza ko nzabigeraho kuko kugeza ubu maze kugera kuri byinshi. " == Ibyagezweho == * Ikamba ryiza rya Diamond. 2011. * Igihembo gishya cya Era kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ubuziranenge no guhanga udushya. 2012 * Yakozwe mu Rwanda Igihembo. 2018 == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mks4tvmy5tvmi5acx4shqznhxasn0ay 0 8495 78100 73771 2021-08-20T23:43:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nairobi.jpg|thumb|Umuririmbyi Joyce Omondi yavukiye mu mujyi wa Nairobi muri Kenya.]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Dosiye:Knox_College,_UofT.jpg|thumb|Knox College n'ishuri riri muri Amerika aho Joyce Omondi yize amashuri ye.]] Joyce Omondi yavukiye i [[Nairobi]] kandi yiga mu mujyi wa Kenya mbere yo gukomeza muri Knox College muri Amerika hagati ya 2006 na 2010 aho yize ibijyanye n'ubukungu ndetse na Integrated International Studies (IIS). Yari Senateri wa Sophomore na Ambasaderi wa Knox igihe yari muri kaminuza. Yize kuririmba no gucuranga piyano, atangira kuririmba hakiri kare mu materaniro yaberaga i Woodley, i Nairobi nyuma aza kurangiza kuririmba muri korari y'Itorero. Muri Knox College yari muri Korali Harambee. == Umwuga wa muzika == Amaze gusubira muri Kenya, Joyce yasohoye urukurikirane rw'ubutumwa bwiza ndetse n'ubufatanye birimo Conqueror na Kweli bisobanura "Mubyukuri" mu [[Igiswahili|Giswahili]] . Kweli ni imwe mu ndirimbo zakunzwe cyane kandi yeguriwe Papa we warokotse igisasu cyaturikiye muri Ambasade y'Abanyamerika i Nairobi mu 1998. Usibye umwuga we wa muzika, Joyce anakorana na show ya Rauka Gospel Music izwi cyane kuri televiziyo ya Citizen muri Kenya. Yaretse iki gitaramo mu 2013 kugira ngo akomeze impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu iterambere mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza ya Georgetown i Washington. Muri 2013 yatsindiye ibihembo bya Groove kuri Video yumwaka == Gushyingirwa == Ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2015, Joyce Omondi yashakanye na News of TV News Anchor Waihiga Mwaura mu bukwe bushimishije, imbaraga, n'imbyino. == Reba kandi == * Umuziki wa Kenya * Umuziki wa Gospel * Groove Awards == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.facebook.com/TheJoyceOmondi Urubuga rwemewe] == Reba == <references /> nvgg523jvxbq1uuvb83p01nmj63mi03 0 8496 73514 2020-10-03T10:35:46Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Created page with "= Intangiriro = Raporo yaraye ishyizwe ahagaragara na World Economic Forum, igaragaza ko [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ruza ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iteramb..." wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = Raporo yaraye ishyizwe ahagaragara na World Economic Forum, igaragaza ko [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ruza ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iterambere ry’abagore. Ni mugihe mu cyegeranyo giheruka rwari rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa karindwi. Ibi ngo bikaba byarakozwe hagendewe ku byiciro bine birimo uruhare rw’abagore mu bukungu bw’igihugu, guha uburezi bukwiriye abana b’abakobwa, ku rwego rumwe n’urw’abahungu ,kubungabunga ubuzima bw’igitsina gore ndetse no kubaha imyanya mu nzego zifata ibyemezo . [[File:Clare_Akamanzi_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Clare Akamanzi (cropped)Urugero rw'Umugore mu nzego z'ubuyobozi<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clare_Akamanzi_(cropped).jpg</ref>]] Bimwe mu byatumye u Rwanda ruza kumwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu bijyanye no guharanira iterambere ry’umugore ni intambwe iki gihugu kimaze gutera mu guha abagore amahirwe angana n’ay’abagabo ndetse n’impuzandengo y’imyanya abagore bafite mu nteko ishinga amategeko ugereranije n’imbindi bihugu ku isi kuko mu mutwe w’abadepite bagera kuri 51 mu badepite 80, ni ukuvuga 63.75%.Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ivuga ko izakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba yihaye mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ariko hibandwa ku bagabo n’abagore. Leta kandi ngo izakomeza gushora imari muri porogaramu zigamije kongera umubare w’abakobwa biga ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga n’ibindi.U Rwanda ruje kuri uyu mwanya nyuma ya Iceland, [[Finilande|Finland]], [[Noruveje|Norvege]] na [[Sweden]].<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/U-Rwanda-ni-urwa-5-ku-isi-mu-guharanira-iterambere-ryumugore-nuburinganire</ref> Imyaka 26 ishize yabaye urugendo rurerure ariko rw’ingenzi kuribo. Abagore batari bake bemeza ko babashije guhumuka ubu bakaba bakora ibyo bamwe bavugaga ko bidashoboka harimo no kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutunga ingo zabo no gutanga umusanzu mu iterambere ry’igihugu. y'umuryango n’iterambere ryawo ubu noneho biri mu maboko ya bombi; umugore n'umugabo. Mu myaka igera kuri 26 ishize, kugera kuri uru rwego rw'imyumvire byabaye urugendo rutoroshye, byasabye ko izi mpande zombi zibyumva kimwe kandi biratanga umusaruro.<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Umunyarwandakazi-ageze-he-mu-rugendo-rwiterambere</ref> == Mu mujyi wa Kigali == [[File:Woman_selling_green_unripe_banana.jpg|thumb|Umugore witeje imbere acuruza ibitoki<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman_selling_green_unripe_banana.jpg</ref>]] Mu Mujyi wa Kigali Hari abagore bakora amanywa n'ijoro. Bo bahisemo kwigomwa ibitotsi. Abenshi batanga abagabo babo kubyuka. Ku isaha y'isaa munani z'igitondo, mu isoko rya Nyabugogo ryiganjemo ibiribwa wakwibwira ko ari ku manywa y’ihangu. Abagore barashishikaye, bamwe barazana imyaka, abandi bakayirangura bakajya kuyicuruza. Ikibashishikaje si ikindi uretse kuzamura ingo zabo." Saa yine z'igitondo, aba bagore baba basubiye mu ngo zabo kwita ku bo basize,umunsi ukurikiyeho na bwo bakagaruka. Kera bati ''nta nkokokazi ibika aho isake iri, Umugore arabyina ntasimbuka '' n'indi migani itandukanye y'Ikinyarwanda yapfobyaga ubushobozi bw'umugore. Bashingiye ku kuntu abagore basigaye bafatiye runini ingo zabo, abagabo batari bake bahamya ko iyo mitekerereze itajyanye n’igihe. Uretse aba bagore bakora akazi ka buri munsi ko gutunga ingo zabo, no mu nzego zo hejuru zifata ibyemezo bariyo kandi ku ijanisha rishimishije. Urugero ni nko mu nteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w'abadepite, aho abagore ari 61%, muri guverinoma abarenga 50% ni abagore. Abatari bake bashinze ibigo bikomeye, abandi ni abacuruzi cyangwa abayoboye ibigo bitandukanye. Ibi byose bigashimangira insanganyamatsiko y'umunsi mpuzamahanga w'umugore muri uyu mwaka uzizihizwa ku itariki ya 8 werurwe, igira iti “Umugore ku ruhembe rwíterambere” = Ishakiro = <references /> l0ze038mzuodwkp476fvhxey3o2ah93 0 8497 76308 73515 2021-07-22T21:47:15Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki = Iriburiro = <ref>http://197.243.22.137/migeprof/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/URUHARE_RW_UMUGORE_MU_GUHARANIRA_UBURENGANZIRA_AHABWA_N_AMATEGEKO.pdf</ref>U Rwanda rushishikajwe n’ibibazo by’uburinganire. Ibyo bigaragarira mu Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ndetse no mu ngamba zinyuranye z’iterambere ry’Igihugu cyacu. Aha twavuga nk’icyerekezo cya 2020, gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya ubukene  n’izindi. Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, mu ntangiriro yaryo ryibutsa ko u Rwanda rugendera ku mahame remezo ndetse n’uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu. Muri urwo rwego Leta yubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga harimo ayo kurwanya ivangura iryo ariryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina.  Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mahame remezo, u Rwanda rwiyemeje kuba igihugu kigendera ku ihame ry’uburinganire bw’abagore n’abagabo, ibyo bigashimangirwa n’uko abagore bagira nibura mirongo itatu (30%) by’imyanya mu nzego zifatirwamo ibyemezo.  Politiki y’igihugu y’uburinganire ishingiye ku ihame ry’uko abagore n’abagabo ari abanyagihugu bareshya bagomba kugira uruhare rusesuye mu iterambere ry’igihugu kandi n’inyungu zivuyemo zikabageraho ku buryo bungana.   [[File:Women_Consortium_Organisation_of_Nigeria_for_WIki_Loves_Women_44.jpg|thumb|Umugore n'ikoranabuhanga<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_Consortium_Organisation_of_Nigeria_for_WIki_Loves_Women_44.jpg</ref>]] == Ibikorwa bya Leta y'U Rwanda bigamije guha umugore uburenganzira mubikorwa bitandukanye == Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’ikandamizwa ry’umugore ryaranze igihugu cyacu mu bihe byashize, Leta y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda yagiye ifata ingamba zitandukanye mu rwego rwo guha umugore uburenganzira bwo gukora, gukurikirana no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho hagiye hashyirwaho amategeko atandukanye agamije guha umugore uburenganzira ku bintu bitandukanye. Twavuga nk’amwe mu mategeko akurikira: 1° Itegeko ngenga n° 08/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze n’imicungire y’ubutaka mu Rwanda; 2° Itegeko n° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura; 3° Itegeko n° 27/2001 ryo ku wa 28 Mata 2001 ryerekeye uburenganzira bw’umwana n’uburyo bwo kumurinda ihohoterwa; 4° Itegeko n°59/2008 ryo kuwa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina; Aya mategeko kimwe n’andi agitegurwa ashyirwaho mu rwego rwo guha umugore uburenganzira bungana n’ubw’umugabo. Nyamara ariko umugore aracyafite imbogamizi zimubuza kugera kuri ubwo burenganzira ahabwa n’amategeko. [[Dosiye:Rwanda_avocado.jpg|thumb|Abagore mu Rwanda bafashe iyambere mu kwiteza imbere binyuze mugukora imirimo itandukanye irimo iyubucuruzi buciriritse]] == Imbogamizi umugore ahura nazo muguharanira uburenganzira ahabwa n'amategeko == Umunyarwandakazi aracyafite imbogamizi zimubuza kugera ku burenganzira ahabwa n’amategeko. Twavuga nk’izi zikurikira: 1° umuco (kutagera ku mutungo w’urugo nk’amafaranga); 2° kudasobanukirwa ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugabo n’umugore; 3° kuba umubare munini w’abagore utaragize amahirwe yo kwiga mu bihe byashize, bityo ntibyorohe kumenya n’ibyo amategeko ateganya ; 4° kutagira umuco wo gusoma, kumva radiyo no gukurikirana ibindi biganiro biba byateguwe mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha amategeko; == Uruhare rw'umugore muguharanira uburenganzira ahabwa n'amategeko == Umugore ntakwiye kubonwamo ubushobozi buke kuko nawe arashoboye. Muri urwo rwego, umugore aho ari hose agomba kureba ko ibyo amategeko amuteganyiriza mu kazi abibona kandi ntagire isoni zo guharanira uburenganzira bwe mu gihe haba hari ushaka kubumuvutsa uwo ari we wese. Abagore bahagarariye abandi mu nzego zitandukanye, bakwiye kujya bategura ibiganiro mu byiciro bitandukanye kuva ku rwego rw’Igihugu kugera ku mugudu bigamije gukangurira abagore gusobanukirwa neza ihame ry’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye hamwe no kumenya no gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko abarengera. Kutitinya, buri mugore akigirira icyizere byatuma umugore yumva ko nawe ashoboye, Kwitabira inzego z’abagore kuva ku mudugudu kugera ku rwego rw’Igihugu kuko izo nzego ari imiyoboro ifasha abagore guharanira no kumenya uburenganzira bagenerwa n’amategeko. Inzego z’abagore zigomba kujya zitegura ibiganiro mpaka, ibiganirio mbwirwaruhame cyangwa nyunguranabitekerezo mu rwego rwo gufasha abagore kuva ku rwego rw’umudugudu gusobanukirwa n’uburenganzira amategeko abagenera. Kwibumbira mu mashyirahamwe atandukanye bituma bivana mu bukene,. Umugore akwiye kwitabira gahunda zigamije kujijuka no kumenya aho uburenganzira bwe butangirira n’aho bugarukira. Kubera ko rero umwana apfa mu iterura, umugore akwiye kwihutira kujyana abana mu ishuri baba abahungu n’abakobwa. Kwitabira kugana amabanki, ibigo by’imari iciriritse n’ibigega bitera inkunga abagore mu rwego rwo kugira ubushobozi bwo kwihangira imirimo ibyara inyungu Kwandikisha umwana ukivuka Abakobwa bifuza gushinga ingo bakwiye kujya bihutira kubanza gusezerana imbere y’amategeko.   [[Dosiye:UNCTAD_XIII_High_Level_Event_on_Women_in_Development,_Session_II_(7106075687).jpg|thumb|Abagore mu nzego zifata ibyemezo mu Rwanda]] = Ishakiro = 6usrujb5aiqd5261o1bxq4pcrr0w8ji 0 8498 73585 73540 2020-10-06T14:17:44Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki = <ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=186</ref>Intangiriro = [[File:Dojranski_zelki.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'amashu<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dojranski_zelki.jpg</ref>]] Umuryango w’ibihingwa abarizwamo : Amashu ari mu muryango wa « BRASSICACEAE » bita kandi « Crucifères » nawo uri mu muryango mugari wa « Dicotyledones ». Amashu ari mu gihingwa kiribwa cyane n'abatari bake mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho akunda == Amashu asanzwe (choux pommés) n’amashu bise ay’i Buruseli (choux de Bruxelles) yera mu Rwanda hose. Naho amashu barya indabyo (choux-fleurs) zo zisaba imvura nyinshi kandi ya buri gihe ku buryo aberanye n’akarere k’imisozi miremire. == Ubutaka == Ubutaka buvanze umucanga n’ibumba nibwo buberanye n’amashu yose. Asaba ubutaka bwiza, burebure kandi bufite ifumbire nyinshi. Niyo mpamvu ubutaka busharira cyane atari bwiza kuri icyo gihingwa, ariko ibishanga bikamuye neza kandi byabonye ishagara biberanye n’amashu bufasha kongera umusaruro w'amashu. == Amoko y’amashu == [[File:Choux_fleur_Cl_J_Weber_(23049193544).jpg|thumb|ishufureri<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Choux_fleur_Cl_J_Weber_(23049193544).jpg</ref>]] [[File:Chou.jpg|thumb|Ishu rya move]] [[File:Chou_rouge_pointu_Salone_del_Gusto.jpg|thumb|Ishu rya move risongoye<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chou_rouge_pointu_Salone_del_Gusto.jpg </ref>]] Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru amashu agabanyijemo amatsinda atatu akunzwe mu Rwanda : Amashu asanzwe (Brassica oleracea capitata) : uyibwirwa n’uko agenda yibumba uko akura, Amashu y’i Buruseli (ishu mbirigi) ariyo (Brassica oleracea gemmifera) : uyibwirwa n’udushu duto tumera ku giti cy’ishu. Iyo witegereje neza usanga utwo dushu duto natwo tugenda twifunga kandi ni natwo turibwa, Amashu basarura indabo (ishufureri) ariyo (Brassica oleracea botrytis) : ku mutwe w’ishu iyo yeze, indabyo z’umweru ziba zitsitse hamwe ari nazo basarura akaba arizo barya [[File:Radicchio_Chioggia_Torino.jpg|thumb|amashu atukura<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Radicchio_Chioggia_Torino.jpg</ref>]] ==== Muri buri tsinda ry’amashu amoko yamamazwa mu Rwanda ni aya ==== Amashu asanzwe : Marché de Copenhague, Amashu mbiligi : Long Island, Amashufureri : Boule de neige. [[File:Choux_02.jpg|thumb|Itsinda ry'amoko atandukanye y'amashu<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Choux_02.jpg</ref>]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Choux_02.jpg</ref> == Ifumbire == Nk’izindi mboga barya amababi, ifumbire y’ibishanguka nziza, ihoze kandi nyinshi itanga umusaruro mwiza kandi ushimishije. Niyo mpamvu hagomba Kg 30 kugeza kuri Kg 50/ari 1. == Igihe cy’itera == Ni ngombwa guteganya iminsi 25 kugera kuri 30 amashu amara mu buhumbikiro kugirango umenye igihe uzaterera ingemwe mu murima. Kugemura ingemwe mu mirima bikorwa mu gihe cy’imvura (Nzeri na Werurwe) iyo zihingwa i musozi. Mu kabande aho bashobora kuvomera, amashu ashobora guhingwa ibihe by’ihinga byose uko ari bitatu. == Gutera amashu == === Guhumbika (kwinaza) === Binaza mu buhumbikiro busakaye, Bateganya gr 2 kugeza kuri gr 3 kuri m² 1, Kuri ari 1 y’umurima w’amashu bateganya m² 1,5-2 z’ubuhumbikiro, Ubujyakuzimu bakoresha iyo babiba imbuto mu buhumbikiro : 6-12 mm, Ubuso bw’ubuhumbikiro ngombwa ngo ubone ingemwe zo gutera kuri ha 1= m² 18 – -utugemwe dutangira kumera nyuma y’iminsi kuva kuri 5 kugeza ku minsi 6. === Kugemura === Ingemwe ziri mu buhumbikiro zigemurwa iyo zifite amababi 5 cyangwa 6 bakazitera ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 60, naho ku mirongo batera ku buryo bw’imbusane hagati basiga cm 40 cyangwa 60, Umubare ngombwa kuri ha = ingemwe 42.000, mu gutera, bakoresha ingemwe nziza, zibyibushye kandi zitarangwaho uburwayi, iyo bamaze gutera urugemwe, ni ngombwa gutsindagira ubutaka bwegereye urugemwe, kuvomera no gutwikira urugemwe rumwe rumwe igihe kitari kirekire. === Gukorera amashu mu murima === ==== Imirimo ikurikira igomba kwitabwaho ==== Kuvomera kenshi iyo nta mvura igwa, Kubagara kenshi kugirango hatameramo ibyatsi bibi, Ni ngombwa kumenera kenshi kugirango imiterere y’ubutaka ihore ari myiza, Gufumbira ukoresheje NPK 17.17.17. Bakoresha Kg 3 kuri ari 1 kandi bazengurutsa urugemwe, Ku mashu basarura indabo (choux-fleurs), iyo ururabo rumaze kugira ubunini bungana n’igi, barutwikiriza amababi y’ishu yo hasi bayahinira hejuru y’ururabo. == Indwara n’udukoko == === Ibibyimba ku mizi (Hernie) === Ikiyitera : Agahumyo bita Plasmodisphora brassicae Aho ifata : imizi Ibimenyetso : imizi ita ireme ikamera nk’ibijumba. Irabora ikanuka cyane kandi amashu ntakura neza ndetse iyo hashyushye amashu ararabirana agasa n’ayanambye. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Kurandura no gutwikira mu mwobo amashu arwaye, Mu gihe cy’itera, gukoresha ingemwe zitarwaye, Imirima iyo ndwara yagezemo, kumara imyaka 5 batarasubizamo amashu, Mu buryo bwo kuyikingira : kuvanga itaka ry’ubuhumbikiro n’amatotoro y’inkoko n’ivu ry’ibiti mbere yo guhumbika imbuto z’amashu, Gutera imiti yica indwara iterwa n’uduhumyo : aha twavuga nka : Oxychlorure de cuivre : g 50/10 L z’amazi/ari 1, Dacobre : gr 140/L 10 z’amazi/ari 1 cyangwa 1,5. === Imvura y’amashu (mildiou) === Ni indwara yo mu buhumbikiro Ikiyitera : agahumyo kitwa Peronospora parasitica Aho ifata : amababi Ibimenyetso : utubara duto tutangana, nyuma amababi agahinduka umuhondo, akuma. Iyo ndwara ikara mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Kwirinda guhumbika imbuto zegeranye cyane, Kuvomera mu gitondo nibyo biba byiza, Gutera imiti irwanya indwara z’uduhumyo rimwe mu cyumweru mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa 2 mu cyumweru mu bihe by’imvura nyinshi. Iyo miti ni nka : Milraz 76 WP : g 20/L 10 z’amazi/are 1, Cupro-antracol : g 20/L 10 z’amazi/are 1, Dithane M45 : g 10/ L 10 z’amazi/ari 1. === Ububore bw’umunigo === Ni indwara yo mu buhumbikiro Ikiyitera : agahumyo Rhizoctonia Solani Aho ifata : umunigo w’ishu (urugemwe) Ibimenyetso : umunigo w’urugemwe urabora, ugasa n’ikigina cyijimye kandi ukanuka. Umunigo uba muto kandi urugemwe rukaba rwakuma. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Urandura no gutwikira mu mwobo ingemwe zirwaye (zafashwe), Kwirinda guhumbika ingewe zegeranye cyane, Kwirinda gushyira uruhumbikiro ahantu hataboneka urumuri kandi hatose, Gutera imiti irwanya indwara z’uduhumyo (reba ivura imvura y’amashu). === Ikungeri === Ikiyitera : igisavumvuri cy’umukara Aho ifata : amababi Ibimenyetso : mu buhumbikiro cyangwa se ingemwe zigiterwa, usanga ku mababi utwenge twinshi. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo guhinga kugirango amashu akure vuba, Gutera inyanya cyangwa se urwuya (menthe) hagati y’amashu kuko impumuro y’ibyo bihingwa yirukana ikungeri, Kuvomerera kenshi ingemwe z’amashu mu mpeshyi kugirango amababi y’amashu ndetse n’ubutaka bituma, Gukoresha imiti irwanya udusimba : Sumithion 50% : ml 10/L 10 z’amazi/ari 1, Deltamethrine : ml 30/ L 10 z’amazi/ari 1. === Isazi y’amashu === Ikiyitera : isazi y’amashu Aho ifata : umunigo, agati n’imizi Ibimenyetso : isazi itera amagi hasi ku ngemwe. Inyo zinjira mu munigo zigacukura utuyira mu giti cy’amashu. Iyo isazi ari nyinshi, imizi yose irononekara, amababi akarabirana maze akuma. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Gukurikiza uburyo bwiza bwo guhinga kugirango ingemwe zikure vuba, Gutera imiti yica udukoko (reba uko barwanya ikungeri). === Amababi apfumaguye (teigne) === Ikiyitera : igisangungu cy’icyatsi kibisi kibyarwa n’ibinyugunyugu byitwa : Plutella Xystella, Hellula undalis, Spodoptera exempta, Trichoplusia ni Aho ifata : amababi Ibimenyetso : udusangungu tw’icyatsi kibisi keruruka turya amababi y’ishu tugasigamo imyobo minini. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== – Gutera inyanya nkeya hagati y’amashu kuko impumuro yazo ituma udisimba duhunga. – Gutera imiti yica udukoko (reba uko barwanya ikungeri). === Inzoka z’ibimera (nématodes) === Ikiyitera : Inzoka z’ibihingwa Aho ifata : imizi Ibimenyetso: ku mizi y’ishu hameraho utuzi twinshi duto turiho amapfundo. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Mu murima, indwara yajemo, bamara imyaka 3 cyangwa 4 batarasubizamo amashu, Gutera nyiramunukanabi (tagètes) bakazikikiza umurima w’amashu no mu murima hagati, ibyo bifasha kurwanya iyo ndwara. === Ububore bw’amashu === Ikiyitera : agahumyo Aho ifata : imbere mw’ishu Uko bayirwanya : gutera amashu mu mirima ikamuye amazi neza. == Ibindi byonnyi by’amashu biboneka mu Rwanda == Ibyo aribyo n’aho bifata : – Ubuhunduguru (inda z’ibihingwa) : Brericoryne brassicae, bufata amababi bukayabuza kwifunga. – Inanda (Agrotis segetum) n’amajeri (Branchytrupes membranaceus) zicimburamo kabili amashu cyane cyane nijoro maze agahita apfa. – Udusurira (Henosepilachna elateris) turya amababi y’amashu. === Uko babirwanya === – Udusurira n’ubuhunduguru : ni ugukoresha imiti yica udukoko nka : Sumithion 50% cyangwa Deltamethrine (reba uko barwanya ikungeri) – Inanda n’amajeri (amajereri) : ku zitoragura ukazitwika cyangwa gukoresha umuti wa Dursban 5% G : g 200/ari 1 cyangwa Dursban y’ifu : 150 g/ari 1 cyangwa Dursban 48% y’amazi : 10 ml/litiro 10 z’amazi/ari 1. == Igihe yerera == – Amashu amara amezi 2,5 kugeza kuri 3 kugirango abe yeze, duhereye ku gihe wagemuriwe. – Asarurwa kandi mu gihe cy’icyumweri 1 cyangwa 2 bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo kuyarya cyangwa kuyarurisha. – Amashu yera indabyo yo yera hashize amezi 2 kugeza kuri 3, iyo aharibwa hatangiye kwisatura. == Umurumbuko == Mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere kandi bitewe n’amoko y’amashu, ushobora kugera kuri toni 50 z’amashu kuri ha 1. Ikindi umurumbuko uturuka mu buryo ubuhinzi bw'amashu wabwitayeho umunsi ku munsi. == Guhunika == Amashu abikika nabi cyane. Ariko ashobora kubikwa iminsi mike amanitse mu gisenge cy’ahantu hafutse kandi hinjiramo akayaga cyangwa se mu cyumba gikonje kuri dogeri 4°C. Byateguwe na Ndera Jackson hifashishijwe imfashanyigisho za MINAGRI. == Ishakiro == <references /> qhuceey2sjz4ypocku5ggmmuprzvh76 0 8499 77581 77554 2021-08-14T03:19:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* IRIBURIRO */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red_Tomatoes_with_PLU_code.jpg|thumb|224x224px|Red Tomatoes with PLU code<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Tomatoes_with_PLU_code.jpg</ref>]] = IRIBURIRO = [[File:Tomate_en_Ramo.JPG|thumb|191x191px|Inyanya zihinze<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tomate_en_Ramo.JPG</ref>]] <ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/tomatoes/varieties</ref>Inyanya zikungahaye kuri [[Vitamini A]] na [[Vitamini C|c]]. Zongerwa mu biryo kugira ngo zibyongerere uburyohe. Inyanya kandi zishobora gutunganywa zigakorwamo ikinyiga (sauce tomate). Mu rwego rw'ubukungu, inyanya zinjiza amafaranga mu ngo ndetse bikagera no mu rwego rw'igihugu.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/inyanya-zifashwe-neza-zimara-umwaka-mu-murima-zisarurwa</ref> Inyanya zikunda ahantu hari amazi ahagije, zikazirana n'ahatagira amazi. Ubutaka bwiza ku nyanya ni ubufite ubusharire bwa 6-7. Ikigero cy'ubushyuhe cyagombye kuba dogere  20-27. Imbuto z'inyanya ziba mbi iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya degere 30 cyangwa bukaba munsi ya dogere 10<ref name=":0">http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/tomatoes/pests_and_diseases/</ref>. == Amoko y'inyanya == [[File:Formes_de_tomates.svg|thumb|189x189px|amoko atandukanye y'inyanya<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Formes_de_tomates.svg</ref>]] Guhitamo ubwoko bw'inyanya bwo guhinga ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe hifuzwa umusaruro mwiza<ref name=":0" />. Muri rusange hariho amoko abiri y'inyanya  amenyerewe. Inyanya ngufi n'inyanya ndende.Inyanya ngufi (habariwemo n'izivangiye igice n'ingufi) ni ubwoko bugira igiti kigira ihundo ry'uruyange ku mutwe. Ziba ngufi zikaba igihuru mu gihe izivangiye igice ziba ndende<ref>https://www.butter-n-thyme.com/45-types-of-tomatoes/</ref>. Ubwoko burebure bukomeza gushamika  n'indabo nshya kandi bugakura bujya hejuru cyane. Ubu bwoko buzana inyanya nyuma y'igihe kinini. Ubu bwoko bugomba kushingirirwa no kugabanyirizwa ibisambo bityo bugasaba akazi kenshi.Mu [[Rwanda]] duhinga ubwoko bwiza bw'inyanya buturaka i Burayi no mu bigo by'imbuto byo muri Kenya<ref>https://greenupside.com/why-are-my-tomato-plants-growing-so-tall/#:~:text=Many%20determinate%20tomato%20varieties%20grow,a%20bit%20between%20different%20types.</ref>. === Ubwoko bwa Anna F1 === [[File:TomaterosaFleisch.jpg|thumb|185x185px|TomaterosaFleisch<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TomaterosaFleisch.jpg</ref>]] Ni ubwoko bw`inyanya butanga umusaruro utubutse, budasaba akazi kenshi, kandi budapfa gufatwa n' indwara zifata inyanya. Ni inyanya zigurishwa ari mbisi, zitanga umusaruro mwiza cyane iyo zihinzwe mu mahema yabugenewe<ref name=":1">https://www.mpesacharges.com/anna-f1-tomato-farming-in-kenya/#:~:text=The%20Anna%20F1%20tomato%20matures,kg%20per%20square%2Dmeter).</ref>. Anna F1 igira urunyanya rukomeye, rufite ishusho y'igi, rukagira ibara ry'umutuku tukutuku. Ni bumwe mu bwoko bw'inyanya buva muri Kenya budapfa guhangarwa n'indwara ya kirabiranya  imunga igiti, iminyorogoto n'izindi<ref>https://www.famunera.com/product/2261/anna-f1-hybrid-tomato-seeds-1000-seeds</ref>. Anna F1 ni ubwoko bukura vuba: mu minsi 75 nyuma yo kugemekwa. Kugira ngo zibe zeze neza biterwa n'igihe/ikirere. Nko mu  bwoko bwinshi mu buturuka muri Kenya, umusaruro wa mbere uba ari muke  ugereranyije n'andi masarura akurikira. Anna F1 zitanga umusaruro ku kigereranyo cya toni 74 kuri hegitari,  n'ibiro  35 kg kuri buri runyanya mu buzima bwarwo bwose<ref name=":1" />. === Ubwoko bwa Roma === [[File:Roma_or_Bangalore_Tomatoes_(Indian_hybrid).jpg|thumb|176x176px|Roma or Bangalore Tomatoes (Indian hybrid)<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roma_or_Bangalore_Tomatoes_(Indian_hybrid).jpg</ref>]] Ni inyanya zifite amafufu. Inyanya z`amafufu nka Roma[[ muri rusange zigira ifufu rinini imbere, zikagira ubuhwa buke cyane n'igishishwa gikomeye. Roma zijya kugira ishusho ya  mpandenye kandi zikaremera<ref>https://www.gardeningchannel.com/growing-roma-tomatoes/#:~:text=Roma%20tomato%20plants%20require%20a,window%20or%20use%20artificial%20lights.</ref>. Zirakomera kandi kuruta izo mu bundi bwoko ndetse n'iz'ubwoko  bugira amafufu. Inyanya za Roma ziri mu bwoko bugufi, ni ukuvuga ko urunyanya ruhira rimwe  aho kugenda rushya buhoro buhoro bigendanye n'ikirere. N'ubwo zishobora kuribwa ari mbisi izi nyanya biba byiza iyo zitetswe<ref>https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/206583/roasted-roma-tomatoes/</ref>. === Ubwoko bwa Bingo === [[File:Solanum_lycopersicum,_Tomate_3.JPG|thumb|232x232px|Solanum lycopersicum, Tomate 3<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solanum_lycopersicum,_Tomate_3.JPG</ref>]] * Bugira umusaruro utubutse * Bwera imbuto nini * Zera vuba * Zemera ahantu hose * Zigira uruti runini * Zikura neza * Urubuto rufite ishusho y'umubumbe, runini cyane,rworohereye, * Ntizipfa kwisatura * Zibasha guhangana n'indwara ziterwa na virusi Bingo zihingwa mu murima mugari, zitanga inyanya nini kandi zoroshye. Igiti cy'urunyanya gishamikaho amababi agaye arinda igihingwa gutwikwa n'izuba. Ni ubwoko wahitamo ku bucuruzi bukorerwa ku masoko yo ku muhanda. Zizwiho kugira icyanga no kuba nini cyane<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/eng/articles/tomatoes/varieties</ref><ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/501095896026129837/</ref>. === Cherry tomato === Cherry tomato (soma “Ceri tomato”) ni ubwoko bw’inyanya nto ziburungushuye. Zigira ibara ritukura, umuhondo, icyatsi kibisi ndetse n’umukara. Ziribwa cyane cyane ari mbisi kubera ko ziryohera<ref name=":2">https://www.selinawamucii.com/produce/fruits-and-vegetables/rwanda-cherry-tomatoes/</ref><ref name=":2" />. === Plum ( Pulamu) === Inyanya zo mu bwoko bwa Plum ( Soma “Pulamu”) zizwi nk’izitegurwamo ikinyiga  gitekwa mu masupu cyangwa kibikwa mu bikopo. Izi nyanya zifite ishusho y’umwiburungushure, zikagira  ubuhwa buke cyane ugereranyije n’ubundi bwoko bw’inyanya kandi zikagira umubiri ukomeye, bituma zibereye gutunganywa mu nganda<ref>https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/tomato/</ref>. == Ishakiro == <references /> 2k6dzrxjgyquctu9wtgdwuor678bfxb 0 8500 73723 73722 2020-10-19T22:17:14Z Y.uwera 9209 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Inyandiko y'umwimerere: [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]'' '''Sahara''' [[File:Evening_Pass_over_the_Sahara_Desert_and_the_Middle_East.ogv|thumb|iyi ni videwo yafatiwe hejuru ya Sahara mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ifashwe n'abakozi ba Expedition 29 bari mu kirere.]] [[File:Libya_4985_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ubutayu bwa Tadrart Acacus mu burengerazuba bwa [[Libiya]], igice cya Sahara]] [[File:SafsafOasis_SAR_comparison.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yo hejuru yerekana Safsaf Oasis hejuru ya Sahara. Ahagana hasi (ukoresheje radar) ni urutare , rugaragaza imiyoboro yumukara yaciwe no gutembera kwinzuzi za kera zahoze zigaburira oasisi .]] '''Sahara''' ( /s ə h ɑːr ə /, /s ə h au ə / ; mucyarabu: ''aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá'', bivuga 'Ubutayu bunini cyane ') ni ubutayu buherereye ku [[Afurika|mugabane wa Afurika]] . bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 9,200,000 ( nukuvuga 3,600,000 sq mi), nibwo butayu bunini kandi bushyushye kurusha ubundi kwisi bukaba n'ubutayu bwa gatatu bunini muri rusange, burutwa gusa n'ubutayu bwa [[Antarigitika|Antaragitika]] na Arikitike . Izina 'Sahara' rikomoka ku ijambo ry'icyarabu rivuga "ubutayu", ''ṣaḥra'' ( صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/ ). <ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Sahara "Sahara."] ''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]].'' Douglas Harper, Historian. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> Ubwo butayu bugizwe n' igice kinini cy' Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, usibye akarere karumbuka ko ku nyanja ya Mediterane, imisozi ya Atlas ya Maghreb, [[Nili|n'ikibaya cya Nili]] mu Misiri na [[Sudani]] . Bukora ku nyanja itukura mu burasirazuba no ku nyanja ya Mediterane mu majyaruguru bukagera ku nyanja ya Atalantika mu burengerazuba, aho imiterere igenda ihinduka ahari butayu hagahinduka ibibaya. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wo mu turere dushyuha dukikije ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Nijeri n'akarere ka Sudani yo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara . Sahara ishobora kugabanywamo uturere twinshi, harimo Sahara y’iburengerazuba, imisozi ya Ahaggar rwagati, imisozi ya Tibesti, imisozi ya Aïr, ubutayu bwa Ténéré, n’ubutayu bwa Libiya . Mu imyaka amagana n'ibihumbi byinshi, Sahara yahindukaga ubutayu ubundi ikaba umukenke mu byiciro bingana n'imyaka 20.000 ibyo bikaba byaraterwaga nifatizo ry'isi ihora izenguruka izuba . Aka gacekarimo Sahara biteganijwe ko kazameraho ibyatsi mu myaka igera ku 15.000. == Ubumenyi bwaho iherereye == [[File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'ubumenyi bw' Afrika, yerekana agace ka Sahara]] [[File:Hoggar8.jpg|thumb|Awazisi mu misozi ya Ahaggar . Owazisi irengera bimwe mubinyamubuzima mubutayu bwumye cyane.]] [[File:Saharan_Dust_off_West_Africa.jpg|thumb|Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2003, umuyaga mwinshi wo muri Sahara wohereje umukungugu mwinshi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba hejuru y'inyanja ya Atalantika]] [[File:Algérie_2009.jpg|right|thumb|Butte yakozwe kuburyo bw'umwimerere n'umuyaga]] Sahara ikora ku bice byinshi bya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Cade|Tchad]], Misiri, [[Libiya]], [[Mali]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], Sahara y'Uburengerazuba, [[Sudani]] na [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Ifite ubuso bwa miliyoni 9 za kilometero kare (3.500.000 sq mi), nukuvuga 31% bya Afurika. Turamutse tubariyemo uturere twose dufite imvura igereranije yumwaka iri munsi ya milimetero 250, Sahara yaba kilometero kare miliyoni 11 (4.200.000 sq mi) . Nimwe muntara eshatu zifite Fiziyogarafi nini muri Africa . Sahara ahanini ni amabuye ya hamada ( amabuye ashashe ); ergs (umusenyi w'inyanja; uduce tunini dutwikiriwe nuwo musenyi ) hakaba igice kinini gifite umusenyi ufite metero zirenga 180 z'ubujyejuru (590 ft). Umuyaga cyangwa imvura y'imbonekarimwe nibyo bikora ibiranga ubutayu nukuvuga umusenyi w'ubutayu, umusenyi wo mu mirima, umusenyi w' inyanja, ikibaya cyamabuye, ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadi'' ), ibiyaga byumye ( ''oued'' ), hamwe nubutaka bwumunyu ( ''shati'' cyangwa ''chott'' ). Imisozi myinshi yaritandukanije cyane, ndetse nibirunga byinshi biboneka mu butayu, harimo nkimisozi ya Aïr, imisozi ya Ahaggar, Atlas ya Sahara, imisozi ya Tibesti, Adrar des Iforas, n’imisozi yo ku nyanja itukura . Impinga ndende muri Sahara yitwa Emi Koussi, akaba ari ikirunga cyaka giherereye mu gace ka Tibesti mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Sahara yo hagati irumye cyane , ikagira ibimera bike. Amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo by'ubwo butayu, hamwe n’imisozi miremire, bigizwe nuduce tw’ibyatsi bito n’ibihuru byo mu butayu, bikagira kandi n’ibiti n’ibihuru birebire byo muri wadis, aho ubuhehere bwikusanyiriza. Mu karere ko hagati, kakandi kumye cyane, hari uduce twinshi two mu butayu bunini: Tanezrouft, Ténéré, Ubutayu bwa Libiya, Ubutayu bw'Iburasirazuba, Ubutayu bwa Nubiya n'ibindi. Utu turere twumye cyane dushobora kumara imyaka nimyaka nta mvura ihagwa. Mu majyaruguru, Sahara yambukiranya inyanja ya Mediterane muri Egiputa ndetse nibice bya Libiya, ariko muri Cyrenaica na Maghreb, Sahara ihana imbibi n’ishyamba rya Mediterane, ishyamba ry’ibiti, hamwe n'akarere k’ibidukikije ko mu majyaruguru ya Afurika kagizwe n'ibihuru, byose bikaba bifite ikirere cya Mediterane kirangwa nimpeshyi ishyushye n'itumba rikonje kandi riragwa nimvura. ugendeye ku mahame yibimera ya Frank White n'impuguke mubumenyi bw'isi Robert Capot-Rey, umupaka wamajyaruguru ya Sahara ugarukira kubiti byimikindo byitwa date palm naho umupaka wamajyepfo ukagarukira ku byatsi bya esparto; ibyatsi biranga ikirere cya Mediterane ku gice cya Maghreb na Iberia . Ku mupaka wo mu majyaruguru hagwa imvura ingana na isoyeti milimetero100 (3.9 in) kumwaka. Mu majyepfo, Sahara ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wumye ugizwe n'uturere dufite impeshyi irimo imvura ikwira muri Afurika kuva iburasirazuba kugeza iburengerazuba. Ukurikije ikirere, ku mupaka y’amajyepfo ya Sahara hagwa imvura ihwanye na isoyeti milimetero150 (5.9 in) kumwaka (iyi ni impuzandengo yigihe kirekire, kubera ko imvura ihinduka buri mwaka). Imijyi y'ingenzi iherereye muri Sahara harimo Nouakchott, umurwa mukuru wa Moritaniya; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, na El Oued muri Alijeriya; Timbuktu muri Mali; Agadez muri Nijeri; Ghat muri Libiya; na Faya-Largeau muri Cadi. == Ikirere == Sahara ni ubutayu bunini cyane ku isi. Iherereye mu karere kitwa horse latitude munsi y'agace gashyuha cyane aho ikirere cyisi cyiganjemo ubutumburuke bwa subtropical, numuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga uhagarika imvura n’ibicu, kandi gafite umuyaga uhindagurika uvanze n'umuyaga utuje.  Kubura kwibicu guhoraho bituma haza urumuri rwinshi rudafite ikirubangamiye hamwe nimirasire ishyushye nkumuriro. Kudahindagurika kwikirere cyo hejuru yubutayu bituma ibicu bitabaho, bityo n'imvura ntibeho. Kugabanuka, umuyaga ushyushye hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga wo muri subtropcal bituma imvura itagwa . Ikibaya cya subtropical nicyo kintu cyiganje gituma habaho ikirere gishyushye cyo muri kariya karere kanini. Umuyaga umanuka niwo ukomeye kandi ufite imbaraga mu gice cy’iburasirazuba bw’Ubutayu, mu butayu bwa Libiya: aha ni ahantu h’izuba ryinshi, humye kandi ihataba imvura ku isi, kimwe n'ubutayu bwa Atacama, buherereye muri [[Shili|Chili]] na [[Peru]] . Kubura kwimvura n'ibicu byiganje cyane mu gice cyiburasirazuba bwa Sahara kurusha muburengerazuba. Umwuka wiganje hejuru ya Sahara ni umuyaga wo ku mugabane ushyushye kandi wumye. Imyuka ishyushye kandi yumye iba cyane cyane hejuru yubutayu bwo mumajyaruguru y' Afrika kandi bukagira ingaruka mubutayu bwose mugihe kinini cyumwaka. Kubera ubu buryo bwo gushyuha bikabije, ubushyuhe buke busanzwe bugaragara hafi yubutaka, kandi bukiyongera mugihe cyimpeshyi. Ingaruka ziterwa nubutaka bwaho buke cyane ni nkeya kuko nubundi nta mwuka umanuka. Nanone, kugira ngo bwirinde gahunda y’ikirere ibyara imvura n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ikirere ubwacyo, ubutayu buba bwumutse bitewe n’imiterere n’aho buherereye. Mu byukuri, ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Sahara ntibusobanurwa gusa n’umuvuduko ukabije w’umwuka: Umusozi wa Atlas wo muri Alijeriya, Maroc na Tuniziya nawo ufasha kongera ubukana bw’amajyaruguru y’ubutayu. Iyi misozi minini ikora nkinzitizi, igatera igicucu gikomeye cyimvura kugabanuka ikoresheje ubuhehere bukomeye buzanwa n’imivurungano y’ikirere ku nkombe ya polar igira ingaruka ku kirere gikikije Mediterane. Isoko y'ibanze ituma imvura igwa muri Sahara ni Intertropical convergence Zone, umuvuduko mucye wumuyaga ukomeza kugeza hafi ya koma yisi niwo uzana ibihe by'imvura bigufi kandi bihindagurika muri Sahel no mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Imvura kugirango igwe muri ubu butayu bunini igomba gutsinda inzitizi zifatika z’ikirere zisanzwe zibuza imvura kugwa. Ikirere gikaze cya Sahara kirangwa nimvura nkeya cyane, itizewe, imvura idasanzwe; izuba ryinshi cyane ryigihe kirekire; ubushyuhe bwo hejuru umwaka wose; igipimo ntarengwa cy'ubushyuhe bugereranije ; ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi ; nurwego rwo hejuru cyane mu guhumeka arirwo rwaciye agahigo kwisi yose. === Ubushyuhe === Ubusanzwe ikirere kiragaragara neza hejuru yubutayu, kandi igihe cyizuba ni kinini cyane ahantu hose muri Sahara. Hafi ubutayu bwose bufite amasaha arenga 3,600 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 82 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi), kandi ahantu hanini mugice cyiburasirazuba hafite amasaha arenga 4000 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 91 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi). Agaciro k'amasaha 4300 (98%) yigihe cy'amanywa aboneka muri Egiputa yo hejuru ( Aswan, Luxor ) no mu butayu bwa Nubian ( Wadi Halfa ). Impuzandengo ya buri mwaka yimirasire y'izuba igera kuri 2.800 kWh / (m ² mwaka) mubutayu bunini. Sahara ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kubyara ingufu z'izuba. [[File:Algeria_Sahara_Desert_Photo_From_Drone_5.jpg|thumb|Umusenyi wo muri Sahara]] kuba izuba riherereye kure cyane, n'ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, hamwe no kubura ibimera n'imvura nkeya bituma ubu butayu bunini bufata umwanya wambere mu turere tunini kandi dushyuha cyane kwisi. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kirenga 38 kugeza kuri 40 ° C cyangwa 100.4 kugeza 104.0 ° F mukwezi gushyushe hafi ya hose mubutayu usibye ahantu hirengeye cyane. Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cyane ku isi cyashyizwe ahagaragara ubushyuhe buri munsi;  byari 47 ° C cyangwa 116.6 ° F mu mujyi wa kure wo mu butayu bwa Alijeriya witwa Bou Bernous, ku butumburuke bwa metero 378 (1,240 ft) hejuru yinyanja, ikibaya kitwa icyurupfu california cyonyine nicyo kijya kigera kuri ubwo bushyuhe . Ahandi hantu hashyushye muri Alijeriya nka Adrar, Timimoun, Muri Salah, Ouallene, Aoulef, Reggane hafite n'uburebure buri hagati ya metero 200 na 400 hejuru yinyanja, harangwa n'ubushyuhe bungana na 46 ° C cyangwa 114.8 ° F mu mezi ashyushye yumwaka. Salah, izwi cyane muri Alijeriya kubera ubushyuhe bukabije, ifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 43.8 ° C cyangwa 110.8 ° F, 46.4 ° C cyangwa 115.5 ° F, 45.5 ° C cyangwa 113.9 ° F na 41.9 ° C cyangwa 107.4 ° F muri Kamena, Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeri. Hariho utundi turere dushyuha cyane kurushaho duherereye cyane cyane muri Azalai, mu majyaruguru ya Mali. Igice kinini cyubutayu kigira amezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu arangwa n' impuzandengo yubushyuhe yo hejuru cyane  irenga 40 ° C cyangwa 104 ° F. Ingero ni nka Bilma, Nijeri na Faya-Largeau, Tchad. Ikigereranyo cy'umwaka; ubushyuhe buri munsi burenga 20 ° C cyangwa 68 ° F ahantu hose kandi bushobora kwegera 30 ° C cyangwa 86 ° F mu turere dushyushye umwaka wose. Nyamara, igice kinini cyubutayu gifite ubushyuhe burenze 25 ° C cyangwa 77 ° F. [[File:Sunset_in_Sahara.jpg|thumb|Izuba rirenze muri Sahara]] Ubushyuhe bwumucanga nubwubutaka burenze urugero. Ku manywa, ubushyuhe bwumucanga buba buri hejuru cyane: bushobora kugera kuri 80C cyangwa bukarenga. Ubushyuhe bwumucanga bwa 83.5&nbsp;° C (182.3&nbsp;° F) bwagaragaye muri Port Sudani . Ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwa 72 ° C cyangwa 161.6 ° F bwagaragaye muri Adrar ya Mauritania naho ubushyuhe bwa 75&nbsp;° C (167&nbsp;° F) bupimwa i Borkou, mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Bitewe no kubura ibicu nubuhehere buke cyane, ubutayu ubusanzwe bugira ubushyuhe bwinshi buhindagurika hagati yumunsi nijoro. Ariko, nakamenyero ko amajoro akonja cyane nyuma yiminsi ishyushye cyane muri Sahara.  Ugereranyije, ubushyuhe bw'ijoro usanga buri hagati ya 13 na 20 ° C (23-36 ° F) hakonje ugereranyije no kumanywa. ihindagurika rito riboneka mu turere two ku nkombe kubera ubuhehere bwinshi kandi akenshi usanga buri munsi ya 10 ° C cyangwa 18 ° F, mugihe ihindagurika rinini riboneka mubice byo kubutaka byubutayu aho ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, cyane cyane mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Nubwo bimeze bityo, mwitumba ijoro rishobora gukonja, kugeza ku rwego rwo gutitira, cyane cyane ahantu hahanamye.  Inshuro amajoro yo muri sahara akonja ziterwa cyane na Oscillation ya ruguru ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NAO), hamwe nubushyuhe bwo mugihe cyubukonje mugihe cyibihe bibi bya NAO hamwe nimbeho yo mubukonje hamwe mugihe NAO ari nziza. <ref>See Visbeck, Martin H.; Hurrell, James W.; Polvani, Lorenzo and Cullen, Heidi M.; ‘The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, Present, and Future’; ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', vol. 98, no. 23 (2001); pp. 12876-12877</ref> Ibi byose nukubera ko amasaha agenda gahoro hafi yuburasirazuba bwa anticyclone ya subtropical mugihe cyubukonje bwinshi cya NAO, nubwo cyumye cyane kuburyo byakagombye gutanga imvura irenze urugero, bigabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga wumye, n'ukonje uva mumisozi miremire ya Eurasia muri Sahara kuburyo bugaragara. <ref>Hurrell, James W.; Kushnir, Yochanan; Ottersen, Geir and Visbeck, Martin; ''An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation'', pp. 17–19. Geophysical Monograph 134; published 2003 by the American Geophysical Union</ref> === Imvura === Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka itangirira hasi cyane mumajyaruguru namajyepfo yubutayu kugeza hafi yigice cyo hagati nuburasirazuba. Uruhande ruto rwo mu majyaruguru y’ubutayu rwakira ibicu n’imvura nyinshi bitewe n’imiterere y’umuvuduko muke wo hejuru y’inyanja ya Mediterane ku nkombe ya polar, nubwo ihujwe cyane n’igicucu cy’imvura cy’imisozi kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka iba kuva kuri 100 millimetres (4 muri) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . Kurugero, Biskra, Alijeriya, na Ouarzazate, Maroc, tubisanga muri kano karere. Inkombe yo mu majyepfo y’ubutayu ku mupaka na Sahel yakira ibicu n’imvura byo mu mpeshyi bitewe na Intertropical Convergence Zone iturutse mu majyepfo,imvura igwa ugereranije buri mwaka iri hagati ya 100 millimetres (4 in) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . urugero, Timbuktu, Mali na Agadez, Niger tuzisanga muri iyi zone. Intambwe nini yo hagati ya hyper-arid yo mu butayu ntishobora na rimwe kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyo mu majyaruguru cyangwa mu majyepfo kandi ikomeza guhora iyobowe nikirere cya anticyclonic, kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka ishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 1 millimetre (0.04 in) . Mubyukuri, igice kinini cya Sahara cyakira munsi ya 20 millimetres (0.8 in) . Muri kilometerokare 9,000,000 (3,500,000 sq mi) zigize ubutaka bwo mu butayu bwa Sahara, ubuso bungana na kilometerokare2,800,000 (1,100,000 sq mi) (hafi 31% yubuso bwose) bwakira buri mwaka impuzandengo yimvura ingana na milimetero 10 (0.4 in) cyangwa munsi yayo, mugihe kilometerokare 1,500,000(580,000 sq in) (hafi 17% yubuso bwose) yakira impuzandengo ya milimetero 5 (0.2in) cyangwa munsi. Impuzandengo ngarukamwaka y'imvura ni zero hafi kilometerokare 1,000,000(390,000 sq in) mu burasirazuba bwa Sahara igizwe n'ubutayu bwa: Libiya, Misiri na Sudani ( Tazirbu, Kufra, Dakhla, Kharga, Farafra, Siwa, Asyut, Sohag, Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, Wadi Halfa) aho igihe kirekire bivuze hafi 0.5 millimetres (0.02 muri) ku mwaka. Imvura ntabwo iba yizewe kandi iba ari nkeya muri Sahara kuko igenda guhindagurika cyane uko umwaka utashye. Bitandukanye rwose n’imvura idakunda kuboneka mumwaka, ibipimo byo kuzamuka kumwuka mu mwaka byo ni binini cyane, hafi ya 2,500 millimetres (100 muri) ku mwaka kugeza kuri 6,000 millimetres (240 zirenga 6,000 millimetres (240 in) ku mwaka mu butayu bwose. Nta handi ku isi habonetse umwuka wumye kandi uzamuka nko mu karere ka Sahara. Ariko, urubura rwigeze kugwa inshuro ebyiri muri Sahara, muri Gashyantare 1979 n'Ukuboza 2016, mu mujyi wa Ayini Sefra . === uko ubutayu bwikoze n'ikirere cya mbere y'amateka === Igitekerezo kimwe cyuko Sahara yikoze ni uko imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru yacitse intege kubera ibibarafu mu gihe cya Quaternary, guhera mu myaka miriyoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ishize. Ikindi gitekerezo ni uko imvura yagabanutse igihe inyanja ya Tethys ya kera yumaga mugihe cya Tortoniya mumyaka miriyoni 7. Ikirere cya Sahara cyagiye gihindagurika kuva ku kirere cyimvura kugera kucyubushyuhe mu myaka ibihumbi namagana ishize, bikekwa ko biterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye yikirere cy' Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iteguza imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru - yerekeza mu majyepfo. iki kiciro giterwa nikiciro cyigihe cyimyaka 41000 aho ihindagurika ryisi rihinduka hagati ya 22 ° na 24.5 °. Kugeza ubu (2000 ACE), turi mugihe cyumye, ariko biteganijwe ko Sahara izongera kuba icyatsi mumyaka 15000 (17000 ACE). Iyo imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iri mu mvura ikaze ya buri mwaka kandi ibimera byo mu karere ka Sahara bikiyongera, bigatuma habaho icyo bakunze kwita sahara y'icyatsi kibisi ". Ku mvura idasanzwe yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ifite intege nke, ikinyuranyo kiragaragara, kubera ko imvura igabanuka buri mwaka n’ibimera biba bike bigatuma habaho icyiciro cy’ikirere gishyushye cya Sahara kizwi ku izina rya "ubutayu bwa Sahara". Igitekerezo cy'uko ihindagurika ryimirasire (ubushyuhe bw'izuba) riterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye mu kuzenguruka kwisi ari ikintu kigenzura ihinduka ry’igihe kirekire mu mbaraga z’imvura ku isi yose ryatanzwe bwa mbere na Rudolf Spitaler mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda., icyo gitekerezo cyaje gutangwa ku mugaragaro no gupimwa numuhanga mu byikirere John Kutzbach mu 1981. Igitekerezo cya Kutzbach kijyanye n'ingaruka z'izuba ku miterere y'imvura ku isi cyemewe muri iki gihe nkifatizo ritera igihe kirekire cyimvura. Kutzbach ntabwo yigeze aha izina igitekerezo cye ku buryo bwemewe niyo mpamvu kiswe " Hypothesis ya Orbital Monsoon " nk'uko Ruddiman yabisabye mu 2001. [[File:Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg|thumb|Agace ka Sahel muri Mali]] Mubihe byanyuma byurubura , Sahara yari nini cyane kuruta iyubu, igera mu majyepfo kurenga imbibi zayo zubu. <ref>Christopher Ehret. ''The Civilizations of Africa.'' University Press of Virginia, 2002.</ref> Iherezo ryigihe cy'urubura ryazanye imvura nyinshi muri Sahara, kuva nko mu 8000 mbere ya Yezu kugeza 6000 mbere ya Yezu, ahari kubera ahantu h’umuvuduko muke byatumye urubura rugwa mu majyaruguru. Urubura rumaze kugenda, Sahara yo mu majyaruguru yarumye. Naho muri Sahara yo majyepfo,kuma byagendaga bisimburana nimvura, akaba ari nabyo bituma amajyepfo agira imvura kurusha amajyaruguru kugeza nanubu. Ahagana mu 4200 mbere ya Yezu, imvura yasubiye mu majyepfo igera aho igeze ubu, <ref name="Science Daily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.</ref> biganisha ku butayu bwa Sahara buhoro buhoro. Sahara ubu yumye nkuko byari bimeze mu myaka 13.000 ishize Ikiyaga cya Tchad ni ibisigisigi byahoze ari inyanja ya paleolake Mega-Tchad, yabayeho mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa Afurika. Mu myaka ya 5000 mbere ya Yesu, ikiyaga cya Mega-Tchad nicyo cyari kinini muri paleolakes enye zo muri Sahara, kandi bivugwa ko cyari gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 350.000. Igitekerezo cya pompe kuri Sahara gisobanura ibihe bikurikira: Igihe cy'imvura cyangwa " cya Sahara y'icyatsi", Sahara ihinduka ubwatsi bwumukenke kandi ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye biba byinshi. Hakurikiraho igihe cyo hagati y'imvura n'izuba ndetse nigihe cyubushyuhe aho agace ka Sahara kongera gusubira mu butayu kandi bikaba ngombwa ko ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bisubira mu majyaruguru kugera ku misozi ya Atlas, no mu majyepfo yerekeza muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, cyangwa mu burasirazuba mu [[Nili|kibaya cya Nili]] . Ibi bitandukanya abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye mu bice bifite ikirere gitandukanye, bikaba ngombwa ko babimenyera. Bivugwa kandi ko abantu bihutishije igihe cyo kuma kuva 6.000-25.500 mbere ya Yezu bitewe n'abashumba baharagiraga. ==== Ibimenyetso by'izunguruka ==== Gukura kwa speleothem (risaba amazi y'imvura) kwagaragaye muri Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Ndetse-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Crack, Ubuvumo bwa Nagev Tzavoa, n'ahandi, kwatumye gukurikirana imvura yabanjirije amateka byoroha. Inzira yinyanja itukura yari yumye cyane mbere ibihumbi 140 na nyuma yibihumbi 115 (mumyaka ibihumbi ishize). Ibihe bito bito bigaragara kuri 90-87 kya, ariko byari bikiri kimwe cya cumi gusa imvura igera kuri kya 125. Mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Negev speleothems ntiyakuze hagati ya 185-140 kya ( MIS 6), 110-90 (MIS 5.4-5.2), cyangwa nyuma ya 85 kya cyangwa mugihe kinini cy’ibihugu bitandukanye (MIS 5.1), ibihe by'ikirere na Holocene . Ibi birerekana ko Negev yepfo yari yumye kuri hyper-arid muri ibi bihe. Mugihe cyanyuma cya Glacial Maximum (LGM) ubutayu bwa Sahara bwari bunini kurenza uko bimeze ubu aho amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha yagabanutse cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwagabanije imbaraga za Hadley. Aka ni agace k'ikirere gatera umwuka wubushyuhe wo mukarere ka Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) kuzana imvura muri tropique, mugihe umwuka wamanutse ushyushye, kuri dogere 20 mumajyaruguru, ugasubira muri koma y'isi kandi ukazana umwuka w'ubutayu muri kano karere. Ifitanye isano n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’umukungugu utwarwa n’umuyaga, kandi urwego rwumukungugu ruboneka nkuko biteganijwe mu nyanja zo mu majyaruguru ya Atlantike. Ibihe by'ubutayu bwa Sahara byari byatangiye ahagana mu 12.500 mbere ya Yesu, hamwe no kwagura ITCZ ​​ mu mpeshyi mu majyaruguru y’isi, bikazana ibihe by'ikirere gitose hamwe n’ikirere cya savanna muri Sahara (usibye igihe gito cyumye kijyanye na Dryas). mugihe cya Holocene yubushyuhe bwikirere bwabaye 4000 mbere ya Yesu mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hagati buringaniye busa nubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 2 na 3 ugereranije nimyaka yashize. Isesengura ry’umugezi wa Nili washyizwe mu bishanga muri delta naryo ryerekana ko iki gihe cyari gifite umubare munini w’imyanda iva muri Nili yubururu, byatumye habaho imvura nyinsh mu misozi miremire ya Etiyopiya. Ibi byatewe ahanini n’umuvuduko ukabije w’imvura mu turere tw'ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku Buhinde, Arabiya na Sahara, ikiyaga cya Victoria vuba aha cyabaye isoko yera ya Nili kandi yumye hafi y'imyaka 15. Kugenda gutunguranye kwa ITCZ yerekeza mu majyepfo, kurangwa na Heinrich (gukonja gutunguranye gukurikirwa no gushyuha gahoro), bifitanye isano nimpinduka hamwe nibihe bya El Niño-Amajyepfo ya Oscillation, byateye kuma byihuse mu turere twa Sahara na Arabiya bihinduka ubutayu. Ibi bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kugaragara k'ubunini bwa Nili hagati ya 2700 na 2100 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>Burroughs, William J. (2007) "Climate Change in Prehistory: the end of the reign of chaos" (Cambridge University Press)</ref> == Uduce tw'ibidukikije == [[File:Saharan_topographic_elements_map.png|thumb|Ibintu nyamukuru biranga imihanda yakarere ka Sahara]] Sahara igizwe n'uduce dutandukanye. tugiye dutandukanijwe nubushyuhe, imvura, ubutumburuke, nubutaka, utu duce kandi tubamo imiryango itandukanye yibimera ninyamaswa. '''Ubutayu bwo ku nyanja ya Atalantika''' ni agace kagufi ko ku nkombe za Atalantika aho igihu gituruka ku nkombe ya Canary Current ikonje kigatanga ubuhehere buhagije bwo gukomeza ibinyamisogwe bitandukanye, ibinyomoro, n'ibihuru. Bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 39,900 (15,400 sq mi) mu majyepfo ya Maroc na Mauritania. Ikibaya cya '''Sahara y'Amajyaruguru''' n'amashyamba biri hafi y'ubutayu bwo mu majyaruguru, iruhande rw'amashyamba ya Mediterane, amashyamba, hamwe na ecorgion zo mu majyaruguru ya Maghreb na Cyrenaica. Imvura yo mu itumba ikomeza ibihuru n’ibiti byumye bigira inzibacyuho hagati y’ikirere cy’ikirere cya Mediterane mu majyaruguru na Sahara ya hyper-arid ikwiriye mu majyepfo. Ifite 1,675,300 square kilometers (646,840 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Misiri, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc, na Tuniziya. '''Agace k'ibidukikije mu butayu bwa Sahara''' gakubiyemo igice kinini cyo hagati ya Sahara aho imvura iba nkeya kandi ikagwa rimwe na rimwe. Ibimera ntibikunze kubonekayo, kandi aka gace kagizwe ahanini numusenyi ( ''erg, chech, raoui'' ), ''ikibaya cyamabuye'' ( ''hamadas'' ), ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadis'' ), hamwe nubutaka bwumunyu. gafie kilometero kare 4,639,900 z'ubuso(1,791,500 sq mi) kagakora kuri Alijeriya, Tchad, Misiri, Libiya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, na Sudani. Igice cy'ikibaya '''cya Sahara y'Amajyepfo hamwe n’ibiti byo mu ishyamba''' ni itsinda rito rigana iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba hagati ya Sahara ya hyper-arid na Sahelnasi ya Sahel mu majyepfo. Kwimuka kwa Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bizana imvura yo mu cyi muri Nyakanga na Kanama ugereranije 100 to 200 mm (4 kugeza 8 muri) ariko biratandukanye cyane uko umwaka utashye. Iyi mvura ikomeza urwuri rwicyatsi nicyatsi, hamwe nishyamba ryumye hamwe nigiti kibisi kumugezi wigihe. Iyi ecoregion 1,101,700 square kilometres (425,400 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Tchad, Mali, Mauritania, na Sudani. Mu '''mashyamba y’iburengerazuba ya Sahara montane xeric''', imisozi miremire y’ibirunga itanga ikirere gikonje, gituma habaho ishyamba rya Sahara-Mediterane. iki gice kingana na kilometero kare258,100 (99,650 sq mi), giherereye muri Tassili n'Ajjer yo muri Alijeriya, kigakora gato huri Aïr ya Nigeri, Dhar Adrar ya Mauritania, na Adrar des Iforas ya Mali na Alijeriya. Igice cya '''Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric ishyamba ryibiti''' kigizwe nimisozi ya Tibesti na Jebel Uweinat . Imvura nyinshi kandi igwira igihe hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bituma haba amashyamba nibiti by'imikindo, acacia, myrtle, oleander, tamarix, hamwe nibiti byinshi bidasanzwe. Iki gice kingana na kilometero kare82,200 (31,700 sq mi) giherereye muri Tibesti ya Tchad na Libiya, na Jebel Uweinat ku mupaka wa Misiri, Libiya, na Sudani. '''Halofitike yo muri Sahara''' ni agace karangwa nibihe by’umwuzure w'umuvu w'umunyu kagizwe n’ibiti by’ibihingwa bya halofitike (byatewe n’umunyu). iki gice kifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,000 (21,000 sq mi) ubariyemo: umwuzure wa Qattara na Siwa uva mu majyaruguru ya Egiputa, ibiyaga by'umunyu byo muri Tuniziya yo hagati, Chott Melghir muri Alijeriya, n'uduce duto twa Alijeriya, Mauritania, no mu majyepfo ya Maroc. '''Tanezrouft''' ni kamwe mu turere '''dukarishye''' ku isi kakaba na kamwe bice bishyushye kandi byumye bya Sahara, nta bimera bihaba . kari ku mbibi za Alijeriya, Nigeriya, na Mali, mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi ya Hoggar . == Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima == Ibimera bya Sahara bigiye bitandukanye cyane bishingiye kuri bio-geography iranga ubu butayu bunini. dukurikije ibimera, Sahara ifite zone eshatu zishingiye ku mvura iba yahaguye arizo; Amajyaruguru (Mediterane), Hagati n'Amajyepfo. Hari nuturere tubiri twimberabyombi - imberabyombi ya Mediterane na Sahara n'imberabyombi ya Sahel. Ibimera byo muri Sahara bigizwe n’amoko agera kuri 2800 y’ibimera . Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cyabyo ntahandi wabibona . Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyubwoko busanzwe bwibimera byo biboneka no mubundi butayu bwabarabu. [[File:GueltaCamels.jpg|thumb|Ingamiya muri Guelta d'Archei, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Cade|Tchad]]]] Bivugwa ko Sahara yo hagati irimo amoko magana atanu y'ibimera, akaba ari make cyane urebye ubunini bwayo. Ibimera nkibiti bya acacia, imikindo, ibinyomoro, ibihuru, n’ibyatsi; byamenyereye ubushyuhe kandi bikura biba bigufi kugira ngo byirinde gutakaza amazi kubera umuyaga mwinshi, bikabika amazi mu biti byabyo kugira ngo bizayakoreshe mu gihe cyiki, bikagira imizi miremire igenda itambitse ishakisha ahantu hari amazi n'ubuhehere, bigira kandi amababi mato mato cyangwa inshinge kugirango byirinde gutakaza amazi mugihe bihumeka . Amababi yabyo ashobora kuma rwose hanyuma akazashibuka. Muri Sahara habayo ubwoko bwinshi bwimbwebwe twavuga nka: ingunzu , imbwebwe yera nimbwebwe ya Rüppell . Imparage nini yumweru ya Addax, ishobora kugenda hafi umwaka mubutayu itanywa amazi. imparage ya Dorcas yo mumajyaruguru ya Afrika nayo ishobora kugenda igihe kirekire idafite amazi. Izindi mparage zizwi zirimo rhim na dama. Ingwe zo muri Sahara ( ingwe zo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika ) ziba muri Alijeriya, [[Togo]], Niger, Mali, [[Bene|Benin]], na [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] . Haracyariho ingwe zitageze kuri 250 zikuze, ziritonda cyane, zihunga abantu bose. Ingwe zirinda izuba kuva muri Mata kugeza Ukwakira, zishakisha aho zikinga mibihuru nka balanite na acacia Ubundi bwoko bw'ingwe ( zo mu amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika ) butuye muri Tchad, Sudani no mu burasirazuba bwa Niger. Ariko, kuri ubu zarazimye mu misozi ya Misiri na Libiya. Hasigaye ubwoko bugera kuri 2000 bwingwe zikuze. [[File:Libya_5391_Ubari_Lakes_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|left|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Idehan Ubari oasis, gifite ibyatsi kavukire n'imikindo]] Izindi nyamaswa zirimo ibinyaruvu, imbeba, inzoka z'umucanga, hamwe n'imisega yo muri Afurika, (mu bihugu 14 gusa) na ostrich ifite ijosi ritukura . Izindi nyamaswa ziba muri Sahara (inyoni byumwihariko) twavuga nka silverbill nyafrica hamwe ninyombya yumukara, nibindi. Habayo kandi ingona nto zo mu butayu ahagana muri Mauritania no mu kibaya cya Ennedi cya Tchad. <ref>"[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html Desert-Adapted Crocs Found in Africa]", National Geographic News, 18 June 2002</ref> Sikorupiyo y'urupfu ishobora kureshya na sentimetero 10(3.9 in). Ubumara bwayo burimo agitoxine na scyllatoxine nyinshi kandi mbi cyane kubuzima; ariko,kurumwa niyi sikorupiyo ntibipfa kwica umuntu mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ikimonyo gisa na feza cyo muri Sahara kirihariye kubera ubushyuhe bukabije bw’aho, hamwe n’inyamanswa zihora zigihiga, ibimonyo bisohoka mubuvumo bwabyo iminota icumi gusa kumunsi. ingamiya n' [[ihene]] ni inyamaswa ni amatungo aboneka cyane muri Sahara. Kubera imiterere yayo yo kutananirwa no kwihuta, ingamiya ninyamaswa ikunzwe,ikoreshwa nabakerarugendo . Ibikorwa byabantu bibangamira cyane agace gakunda kubamo amazi (oase) cyangwa aho amazi yegereye hejuru. Umubare munini w’inyamabere zari zisigaye waragabanutse bitewe nuko abantu bazihiga ngo bazirye. Mu myaka yashize, imishinga yiterambere yatangiriye mu butayu bwa Alijeriya na Tuniziya hakoreshejwe amazi yuhira yavomwe mu mazi yo mu kuzimu. Izi gahunda akenshi ziganisha ku kwangirika no gusharira kubutaka . Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Hacettepe (Yücekutlu, N. et al., 2011) batangaje ko ubutaka bwa Sahara bushobora kuba bufite ubutare nyabuzima ndetse na bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byibiriwa bikenerwa gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire mu guhinga ingano. == Amateka == [[File:Mathendous_giraffes.jpg|thumb| urutare rw;ubugeni rwo muri Sahara muri Fezzan]] Abantu babaga ku nkombe yubutayu hashize imyaka ibihumbi, <ref name="Post-Ice Age Sahara">[http://discovermagazine.com/2006/oct/sahara-desert-savanna-climate Discover Magazine], 2006-Oct.</ref> kuva igihe kirekire cyurubura kirangiye . Icyo gihe Sahara yari ahantu heza cyane kuruta uko bimeze muri iki gihe. Izirenga petroglyphs 30.000 zinyamaswa zo mumazi nk 'ingona <ref name="Crocodiles">[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html National Geographic News], 17 June 2006.</ref> zakomeje kubaho,kimwe cya kabiri cyazo kiboneka mu Tassili n'Ajjer mu majyepfo ya Algeria. dinozore zasigaye, harimo ''Afrovenator'', ''Jobaria'' na ''Ouranosaurus'', nazo ziba muri Arijeriya. Sahara yubu nta bimera byinshi ifite, usibye mu [[Nili|kibaya]] cya [[Nili]],no mu misozi miremire yo mu majyaruguru, aho usanga ibimera bya Mediterane nk'igiti [[Umumuri|cy'umwelayo]]. Abantu benshi bemezaga ko ako karere ariko kari kameze kuva kera nko mu mwaka wa 1600 mbere ya Yezu, nyuma y’imihindagurikire y’isi ubushyuhe bwariyongereye ndetse n’imvura iragabanuka, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ubutayu butunguranye muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru mumyaka 5.400 ishize. <ref name="Science Daily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.</ref> === AbaKiffian === Umuco wa Kiffian nuwo mugihe cyabanjirije amateka, wabayeho hagati yimyaka 10,000 na 8000 ishize muri Sahara, mugihe cya Neolithic Subpluvial . Ibisigazwa by'abantu bo muri uyu muco byabonetse mu 2000 ku kibanza kizwi ku izina rya Gobero, giherereye muri [[Nigeri|Niger]] mu butayu bwa Ténéré . Iki kibanza kizwi nkimva nini yamabuye kandi ya mbere yabantu mu butayu bwa Sahara. Abakiffians bari abahigi babahanga. Amagufa yinyamaswa nini zo mu mukenke zavumbuwe muri ako gace zerekana ko babaga ku nkombe yikiyaga cyari gihari mugihe cya Holocene Wet Phase, igihe Sahara yari yuzuye kandi itose. Abakiffian bari barebare, basumba centimetero 185. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana ko aba baturage ba Holocene bo hambere bari bafitanye isano rya bugufi na Late Pleistocene Iberomaurusians hamwe naba Holocene ba mbere ba Maghreb, ndetse nitsinda rya Holocene Mechta rwagati . Ibimenyetso byumuco wa Kiffian ntibikibaho kuva mumyaka 8000 ishize, kuko Sahara yanyuze mugihe cyumye mumyaka igihumbi ishize. Nyuma yiki gihe, umuco wa Teneriya wigaruriye ako karere. === Abanya Teneri === Gobero yavumbuwe mu 2000 mu rugendo rw’ubucukuzi rwari ruyobowe na Paul Sereno, washakaga ibisigazwa bya dinozore . Imico ibiri itandukanye yabayeho mbere yamateka yavumbuwe aho hantu: umuco wa mbere wa Holocene Kiffian, n'umuco wo hagati wa Holocene Tenerian . Kiffians bari abantu babanjirije amateka babanjirije abanya Teneriya baza kuzimira hashize imyaka 8000, ubwo ubutayu bwashyuhaga cyane. Kuzimira byarakomeje kugeza mu 4600 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo ibihangano bya mbere bifitanye isano na Teneriya byandikwaga. I Gobero havumbuwe ibigazwa byabantu bagera kuri 200. Abanya Teneriya bari bagufi cyane kandi ntambaraga ugereranyije nabaKiffian. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana kandi ko bari batandukanye. Imva zerekana ko Abanya Teneriya bubahirije imigenzo yo mu mwuka, kuko bashyinguwe hamwe n'ibikoresho nk'imitako ikozwe mu mitsi yimvubu n'amasafuriya y'ibumba. Ikintu gitangaje cyane ni ugushyingurwa kwabantu batatu bahoberana mumva imwe, byabaye mu myaka 5300 ishize, byumugore ukuze n’abana babiri, bagereranijwe ko bari bafite imyaka itanu n umunani. Ibisigazwa byabo byerekana ko batwikiwe ku buriri bwindabyo. Bose uko ari batatu bavugwa ko bapfuye mu masaha 24 buri wese, ariko kubera ko ibisigazwa byabo bidafite ihahamuka rigaragara (ntabwo bashinyaguriwe bikabije) kandi bashyinguwe ku buryo bwiza icyabateye gupfa kiracyari amayobera. [[File:Vue_de_Taghit.jpg|thumb|Oued Zouzfana n'umudugudu wa Taghit]] === Tashwinat Mummy === Uan Muhuggiag bigaragara ko hatigeze haturwa kuva byibuze mu kinyagihumbi cya 6 kugeza mu 2700 mbere ya Yezu, nubwo wenda hanyuzagano hagaturwa. ikintu cy'agaciro dusanga muri UAN Muhuggiag ni umubyeyi wabitse neza umwana w'umuhungu uri mukigero cy'imyaka 2 nigice. Umwana yari aryamye nkuko uruhinja ruba rumeze munda, ari mumufuka wakozwe muruhu rwimparage, uriho n'amababi. Bimwe mu bice byumubiri we byavanyweho, nkuko bigaragazwa ninkovu zo mu nda no mugatuza, hanyuma hashyirwaho imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo umubiri we utangirika. Urunigi rw'amagi ya ostrich narwo rwabonetse mu ijosi rye. Radiocarubone yagaragaje ko uwo mugore yari afite hafi imyaka 5600, ibyo bigatuma irusha imyaka 1000 umugore wari warabayeho imyaka myinshi muri Egiputa ya kera. Mu 1958–59, ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe byuwo mwana mu matongo buyobowe na Antonio Ascenzi bwakoze isesengura rya antropropologique, radiologue, amateka n'ubutabire kuri mummy Uan Muhuggiag bwemeje ko yari umwana w'amezi 30 nigitsina kitazwi, yari afite imiterere ya Negroid . Ibipimo byafashwe ku inda ye byerekanaga kandi ko umubiri we wabanje gutwarwa na evisceration hanyuma nyuma ugahinduka umwanda. Undi muntu mukuru, basanze kuri Uan Muhuggiag, yari yarahambwe yunamye. Ariko, umubiri ntiwerekanye ibimenyetso bya evisceration cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuwubungabunga. Umurambo bagereranije ko ushobora kuba aruwo muri 7500 BP. === Nubians === [[File:Beni-Izguen.jpg|thumb|Beni Isguen, umujyi mutagatifu uzengurutswe n'inkuta ndende muri Sahara ya Alijeriya]] Mu gihe cya Neolithic, mbere yuko ubutayu butangira ahagana mu 9500 mbere ya Yesu, Sudani yo hagati yari ifite ibidukikije byinshi byafashaga baturage benshi ariko ubu hose hahindutse ubutayu. Mu kinyagihumbi cya 5 mbere ya Yezu, abantu bari batuye ahahoze hitwa Nubia, nibo bakoze "impinduramatwara mu buhinzi", bari babanye neza n'ibimera n'amatungo yo mu rugo. Ubugeni bw’inka n’abashumba bo muri sahara isobanura imihango nimizizririzo y' inka dusanga muri iki gihe muri Sudani ndetse n’indi miryango y’aborozi muri Afurika. Megaliths iboneka muri Nabta Playa ifatwa nkurugero rwerekana ibikoresho bya mbere bizwi ku isi bya kera, byahanuye Stonehenge imyaka igera ku 2000. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130725174732/http://www.planetquest.org/learn/nabta.html The History of Astronomy]. PlanetQuest</ref> Ibi biragoye kubyumva, nkuko byagaragaye kuri Nabta Playa, kandi nkuko byagaragajwe n'inzego zinyuranye z'ubuyobozi muri sosiyete yaho, birashoboka ko ari byo byashingiweho ku miterere y'umuryango wa Neolithic i Nabta ndetse n'Ubwami bwa kera bwa Misiri. <ref>Wendorf, Fred (1998) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa].</ref> === Abanyamisiri === Ahagana mu 6000 mbere ya Yezu, Abanyamisiri bo mumajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Egiputa baragiraga inka kandi bakubaka inyubako nini. Imiturire iri kumurongo kandi idahindagurika yo mu Misiri ahagana mbere yikinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu yibandaga ahanini kubuhinzi bwibinyampeke nubworozi bw'amatungo: inka, ihene, ingurube nintama. Ibintu bikozwe mubyuma byasimbuye ibyari byarakozwe mamabuye. Muri icyo gihe gutunganya impu zinyamaswa, ububumbyi no kuboha nabyo byarakorwaga cyane. Ibimenyetso byerekana akazi ka Al Fayyum mugihe kirekire cyangwa gusa byigihe gito mumwaka wa 6 mbere ya Yezu, hamwe nibikorwa byibiribwa byibanda kuburobyi, guhiga no gukusanya ibiryo. Imyambi yamabuye, ibyuma nibisakuzo kuva mubihe bikunze kuboneka. <ref name="Fayum">[http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/fayum/fayumb.html Fayum, Qarunian] (Fayum B, about 6000–5000 BCE?), [http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk Digital Egypt].</ref> Mubikozwe mwibumba bakoraga inkono, imitako,ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi nibyo guhiga, batekaga n’ibiribwa bitandukanye birimo inyama zumishijwe n'imbuto. Gushyingura mubutayu byongera imihango y'Abanyamisiri, kandi abapfuye bashyingurwaga bareba iburengerazuba. <ref name="Predynastic">Predynastic (5,500–3,100 BCE), Tour Egypt.</ref> Kugeza mu 3400 mbere ya Yezu, Sahara yari yumye nkuko bimeze muri iki gihe, kubera kugabanuka kw'imvura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi biturutse ku guhinduka kw'izenguruka isi. <ref name="Science Daily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.</ref> Uko kuma byabereye abantu imbogamizi yo kujya kuhatura. Ubucuruzi buciriritse cyangwa ubucuruzi bizwi ko byanyuze imbere mu bihe byakurikiyeho, ikintu cyonyine kidasanzwe ni ikibaya cya Nili. Nili ariko, ntiyashoboraga kunyura muri cataracte nyinshi, bigatuma ubucuruzi no guhura nubwato bigorana. === Abanyafenisiya === [[File:Bilma-Salzkarawane1.jpg|thumb|Azalai umunyu. Abafaransa batangaje ko muri 1906 ubushyo bw;ingamiya zari ingamiya 20.000.]] Abaturage ba Fenisiya, bateye imbere kuva mu 1200-800 mbere ya Yesu, bashinze ihuriro ry'ubwami muri Sahara yose kugera mu Misiri. Muri rusange bari batuye ku nkombe za Mediterane, ndetse na Sahara, mu baturage ba Libiya ya kera, bakaba ari abasekuruza b'abantu bavuga indimi za Berber muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru na Sahara muri iki gihe, harimo na Tuareg yo muri Sahara rwagati. Inyuguti z'Abanyafoyinike zisa n'izakiriwe n'Abanyalibiya ba kera bo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi Tifinagh iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe n'abashumba b'ingamiya ba Tuareg bavuga ururimi rwa Berber bo muri Sahara rwagati. Igihe kimwe hagati ya 633 na 530 mbere ya Yezu, Hanno Navigator yashinze cyangwa ashimangira ubukoloni bwa Fenisiya mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ariko ibisigazwa bya kera byose byarazimanganye nta kimenyetso na kimwe gisigaye. === Abagereki === Mu 500 mbere ya Yezu, Abagereki nibwo bageze mu butayu. Abacuruzi b'Abagereki bakwirakwiriye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'ubutayu, bashyiraho ubukoloni bw'ubucuruzi ku nyanja Itukura . abanyakariteje bakwirakwiye ku nkombe za Atalantika yo mu butayu, ariko imivumba yamazi no kubura amasoko byatumye batagera mu majyepfo nko Maroc ya none. Ibihugu bikomatanyije bizengurutse ubutayu mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba; byarakomeje birigenga. Igitero cyagabwe nabaturage b'abimukira bo mu butayu cyahoraga gihangayikishije abatuye ku nkombe z'ubutayu. === Iterambere mumijyi === [[File:Ghardaia01.jpg|thumb|Isoko ryari ku kibanza kinini cya Ghardaïa (1971)]] Iterambere mu mujyi, Garamantes, ryatangiye ahagana mu mwaka wa 500 mnere ya Yezu muri Sahara rwagati, mu kibaya cyitwa Wadi al-Ajal i Fezzan, muri Libiya. Garamantes yageze kuri iryo terambere mu gucukura imiringoti kure cyane yimisozi ihanamye kugirango ikure amazi mu kibaya hanyuma uyizane mumirima yabo. Garamantes yarakuze cyane kandi irakomera, yigarurira abaturanyi bayo kandi ifata abacakara besnhi (bashyizwe mubikorwa byo kwagura imiyoboro). Abagereki ba kera n'Abaroma bari bazi abanyagaramantes kandi bakabafata nk'abimukira badafite umuco. Icyakora, bakoranaga ubucuruzi nabo, kandi mu murwa mukuru wa Garamantes wa Garama habonetse ubwogero bw'Abaroma. Abacukumbuzi b'ibya kera basanze imijyi umunani minini hamwe n'indi midugudu myinshi ikomeye mu karere ka Garamantes. Iterambere rya Garamantes ryaje gusenyuka nyuma yo gutakaza amazi aboneka muri aquifers ntibaba bagishoboye gukomeza kwagura iyo miyoboro kugera ku misozi. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yesu n'ikinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yesu, ingendo nyinshi z'Abaroma muri Sahara zakozwe n'itsinda ry'imitwe ya gisirikare n'ubucuruzi y'Abaroma . === Berber === [[File:Marabutto-Taghirt.JPG|thumb|Zawiya ku bwinjiriro bwa Taghit, Alijeriya]] [[File:Hoggar_caravane2.jpg|thumb|Tuareg yigeze kugenzura Sahara yo hagati nubucuruzi bwayo.]] Abaturage ba Berber bigaruriye igice kinini cya Sahara. Garamantes Berbers yubatse ingoma ikize rwagati mu butayu. <ref>Mattingly et al. (2003). ''Archaeology of Fazzan'', Volume 1</ref> Aborozi babaTuareg bakomeje gutura no kwambukiranya ubuso bunini bwa Sahara kugeza nubu. === Kwaguka kwa isilamu nicyarabu === Ingoma ya Byzantine yategekaga inkombe zo mu majyaruguru ya Sahara kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 kugeza mu cya 7. Nyuma yuko abayisilamu bigaruriye Arabiya, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Abarabu, banigaruriye Afurika y’Amajyaruguru kuva hagati mu kinyejana cya 7 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 8 kandi imbaraga za kisilamu zagutse vuba muri Sahara. Mu mpera za 641 Misiri yose yari mu maboko y’abayisilamu. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya ubutayu bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi nubucuruzi bukomeye bwabacakara bwanyuraga mubutayu. Byagereranijwe ko kuva mu kinyejana cya 10 kugeza mu cya 19 abacakara bagera ku 6.000 kugeza ku 7.000 batwarwaga mu majyaruguru buri mwaka. === Igihe cya Turukiya === Mu kinyejana cya 16, mu majyaruguru ya Sahara,muturere two ku nkombe muri Alijeriya na Tuniziya y'ubu, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Libiya y'ubu, hamwe n'ubwami bwigenga bwa Misiri, bwigaruriwe n'ubwami bwa Ottoman. . Kuva mu 1517 Misiri yari igice cy’u Bwami bwa Ottoman, ibyo byatumaga Ottomani igenzura ikibaya cya Nili, uburasirazuba bwa Mediterane na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Inyungu y'Ubwami bwa Ottoman nuko abaturage bakoraga bambukaga imipaka biboroheye kandi bagakora n'ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Abacuruzi bifashishije inzira y'ubutaka bwa Ottoman kugira ngo bagemure ibirungo, zahabu na silike biva mu burasirazuba,hamwe n'ibicuruzwa biva mu Burayi, ariko hanakorerwaga nicuruzwa ritemewe ryabacakara na zahabu biva muri Afurika. Icyarabu cyarakomeje maze ururimi n'umuco wa kisilamu birashimangirwa cyane. Uturere twa Sahel n’amajyepfo ya Sahara twarimo ibihugu byinshi byigenga hamwe n'imiryango ya Tuareg. === Ubukoloni bw'i Burayi === Ubukoloni bw’i Burayi muri Sahara bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19. Ubufaransa bwigaruriye ubutegetsi bwa Alijeriya kuva muri Ottomani mu 1830, maze ubutegetsi bw’Abafaransa bukwira mu majyepfo kuva muri Alijeriya bwerekeza iburasirazuba muri Senegali kugera muri Nijeri , Tchad, Mali, Sudani y'Abafaransa yari igizwe na Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Maroc (1912), Nigeriya, na Tuniziya (1881). Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya Sahara bwari bwaragabanutse kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakorwaga binyuze mu buryo bugezweho kandi bunoze, nk'indege, aho kwambuka ubutayu. <ref>Trans-Saharan Africa in World History, Ch. 6, Ralph Austin</ref> Abafaransa bifashishije urwango rumaze igihe hagati yabarabu ba Chaamba nabaTuareg. Mu 1902, Abafaransa binjiye mu misozi ya Hoggar batsinda abaTuareg mu ntambara ya Tit . Ingoma y'Abakoloni b'Abafaransa niyo yari yiganje muri Sahara. yashyizeho imiyoboro isanzwe iva i Toulouse yerekeza, i Oran no hejuru ya Hoggar kugera Timbuktu no mu Burengerazuba i [[Bamako]] na Dakar, ndetse na bisi zitwara abagenzi zambukiranya Sahara ziyobowe na companyi Transsaharienne (est. 1927). Filime idasanzwe yakozwe na Kapiteni René Wauthier uzwi cyane mu gutwara indege yerekana imodoka nini y’ikamyo yambutse sahara bwa mbere iva muri Algiers yerekeza Tchad. Igihugu cya Misiri, kiyobowe na Muhammad Ali n'abamusimbuye, bigaruriye Nubiya mu 1820-22, bashinga Khartoum mu 1823, bigarurira Darfur mu 1874. Igihugu cya Egiputa, harimo na Sudani, cyakolonijwe n'ubwongereza mu 1882. Misiri n'Ubwongereza byatakaje Sudani kuva 1882 kugeza 1898 biturutse ku ntambara ya Mahdist . Nyuma yo gufatwa n’ingabo z’Abongereza mu 1898, Sudani yabaye agakingirizo k’Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri. Espagne yigaruriye Sahara y’iburengerazuba nyuma ya 1874, nubwo Rio del Oro yayobowe na Sahrawi . Mu 1912, Ubutaliyani bwafashe ibice by'icyagombaga kwitwa Libiya muri Ottomani. Muguteza imbere idini Gatolika y’Abaroma mu butayu, Papa Piyo wa IX yohereje intumwa muri Sahara na Sudani mu 1868; nyuma mu kinyejana cya 19 ububasha bwe bwongeye guhindurwa muri Vicariate Apostolique ya Sahara . === Gusenyuka kwingoma na nyuma yaho === [[File:Libya_5101_Fozzigiaren_Arch_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ikibuye karemano kiri mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwa Libiya]] [[File:Hoggar_Desert_(Algerie).jpg|left|thumb|Sahara yuyu munsi]] Igihugu cya Misiri cyabonye ubwigenge ku Bwongereza mu 1936, nubwo amasezerano y'Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri yo mu 1936 yemereye u Bwongereza kugumisha ingabo muri Egiputa no muri Sudani. Ingabo z’Ubwongereza zavanyweho mu 1954. Byinshi mu bihugu bya Sahara byabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : Libiya mu 1951; Maroc, Sudani, na Tuniziya mu 1956; Cadi, Mali, Moritaniya, na Nijeri mu 1960; na Alijeriya mu 1962. Espagne yavuye mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara mu 1975, maze sahara igabanywa Moritaniya na Maroc. Moritaniya yavuyemo mu 1979; Maroc niyo ikomeje kwigarurira ako karere. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibirombe byinshi hamwe n’abaturage byateye imbere kugira ngo bikoreshe umutungo kamere w’ubutayu. Harimo amafaranga yinjira avuye kuri peteroli na gazi muri Algeria na Libya, nava kuri phosphates muri Maroc na Sahara yiburengerazuba. Hashyizwe mu mushinga w'ibyigwa imihanda minini yambukiranya Africa inyuze muri Sahara , harimo umuhanda wa Cairo - Dakar ukikije inkombe ya Atalantika, Umuhanda Trans-Sahara uva Algiers ku nyanja ya Mediterane ugana i Kano muri Nijeriya, Umuhanda wa Tripoli - Cape Town uva Tripoli muri Libiya werekeza i N'Djamena muri Tchad, n'umuhanda wa Cairo - Cape Town ugenda ukurikira Nili. Buri imwe muri iyi nzira nyabagendwa yaruzuye , hamwe ni ibyuho n'ibice bitarimo kaburimbo. == Abantu, umuco, n'indimi == [[File:Arabslavers.jpg|thumb|Ikinyejana cya 19 cyaranzwe nabacuruzi b'Abarabu bacuruzaga abirabura babajyana hakurya ya Sahara]] Abaturage ba Sahara bafite inkomoko zitandukanye. Twavuga nka amazigh igizwe n'abaTuareg, abarabu ba Amazigh, AbaSahrawis bavuga icyesipanyoro bafite abaturage barimo Znaga, umuryango ufite izina rikomoka ku rurimi rwa Zenaga rwa mbere yamateka . Andi matsinda akomeye yabantu arimo: Toubou, Nubians, Zaghawa, Kanuri, Hausa, Songhai, Beja, na Fula / Fulani. Imvugo zicyarabu ni indimi zivugwa cyane muri Sahara. Icyarabu, Berber nizindi indimi zizishamikiyeho zose zahurijwe hamwe ku ijambo Amazigh (rikubiyemo ururimi rwa Guanche ruvugwa n’abaturage ba mbere ba Berber batuye mu birwa bya Canary),indimi za Beja nazo ziri mu muryango wa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Afro-Aziya]] cyangwa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Hamito-Semitike]] .  Mu bihugu bya Afurika y'uburengerazuba niyo hagati ubariyemo na Sahara, bakoreshaga ururimi rw'igifaransa mu biganiro bwite no ubucuruzi bwo mu karere, abantu baho bari barafashe uwo muco wa kinyapolitike ndetse niyo bavuganaga na Tuareg na Berber. Umurage w'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abafaransa ugaragarira cyane cyane mu ivugurura ry'ubutaka ryashyizweho na repubulika ya gatatu n'iya kane, ryateje amacakubiri ya politiki mu buryo bw'ubukorikori mu karere kitaruye kandi kegeranye. Diplomacy hamwe nabakiriya kavukire yakorwaga cyane cyane mucyarabu, akaba arirwo rurimi gakondo rwakoreshwaga no munzego z'ubuyobozi. Gukemura amakimbirane no gutumanaho hagati y’ibigo byakorwaga n’abasemuzi bagiranye amasezerano na guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, nk'uko Keenan akomeza abivuga, mu nyandiko yise "ahantu h’umuhuza w’imico itandukanye," ibi byagize uruhare runini mu kubungabunga indangamuntu gakondo z’akarere. == Ibindi wareba == * Arid Lands Amakuru Yumuyoboro * Urutonde rw'ubutayu * Urutonde rwubutayu ukurikije uturere * Neolithic Subpluvial * Ikigega cyo kubungabunga Sahara * Inyanja ya Sahara * Abashakashatsi bo muri Sahara == Aho byakuwe == {{Reflist}} == Ibitabo Byifashishijwe == * Brett, Michael; Prentess, Elizabeth (1996). The Berbers. Blackwell Publishers. * Bulliet, Richard W. (1975). The Camel and the Wheel. Harvard University Press. Republished with a new preface Columbia University Press, 1990. * Gearon, Eamonn (2011). The Sahara: A Cultural History. Signal Books (UK), Oxford University Press (US). * Julien, Charles-Andre (1970). History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830. Praeger. * Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Longman. * Laroui, Abdallah Laroui (1977). The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton. * Scott, Chris (2005). Sahara Overland. Trailblazer Guides. * Wade, Lizzie (2015). "Drones and Satellites Spot Lost Civilizations in Unlikely Places". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7864. == Imiyoboro == * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara * [http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/seas.beneath.the.sands.htm Kubijyanye na Sahara munsi yubutaka] hydrology <span>no guteganya gukoresha</span> amazi [[Category:Sahara]] [[Category:Ubutayu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] by348fulpq9n9wb4090bodh5pkxy61v 0 8503 73531 73530 2020-10-04T10:50:48Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 /* Ubwiza karemano */ wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = [[File:DOT Sec Teo, Miss Universe Mittenaere and Chavit Singson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umukobwa wahebuje abandi mu bwiza ku isi ( Miss Universe Mittenaere )(cropped)<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DOT_Sec_Teo,_Miss_Universe_Mittenaere_and_Chavit_Singson_(cropped).jpg</ref>|208x208px]] Ni kenshi mu muco nyarwanda bavuga ko ubwiza bw’umugore buterwa na nyir’ukumureba . Umunyarwanda aricara akagira ati, “ijisho ry’undi ntirikurebera umugeni”. Uburanga bw’umugore ni kimwe mu bintu benshi batavugaho rumwe. Ibi, akenshi biterwa n’uko  buhindagurika bitewe n’ibihe umuco ndetse n’umuntu ku giti cye. Mu mico itandukanye hirya no hino ku isi banyuranya ku ngano isura n’ibara ry’uruhu umugore mwiza yagombye kuba afite. Uko iterambere rigenda ryiyongera ni ko imyumvire y’abantu yenda guhurira ku shusho n’imiterere y’umugore mwiza... Bitandukanye n’ibyo benshi bibwira,ijisho ntirigena ubwiza,ahubwo hari ibipimo by’uburanga bigenderwaho ku Isi yose. == Ibipimo by’ingenzi by’uburanga bw’umugore == [[File:Hedy Lamarr in Let&#039;s Live a Little (1948).jpg|thumb|Umugore w'uburanga<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hedy_Lamarr_in_Let%27s_Live_a_Little_(1948).jpg</ref>|167x167px]] === Imiterere ndangagitsina ihamye. === Uburanga bujyana n’igitsina cya nyirabwo. Abagabo bakunda abagore bafite isuran’imiterere igaragaza ubugore bwabo n’abagore bagakunda abagabo bafite uburanga bwa kigabo.Abagabo benshi bakunze kwikoma abagore cyangwa abakobwa bifitemo ubugabo bakunze kwitwa ibishegabo. === Umubiri uringaniye hose. === Kugira umubiri udahengamye bigenga ubwiza. Ku bitsina byombi, ibice by’umubiri hafi ya byose bigiye biteganye  bibiri bibiri iburyo n’ibumoso iyo hagize ikitaringanira n’ikindi bibyara ubusembwa. Umwanditsi Schmidhuber avuga ko isura y’umugore mwiza ishingiye ku mashushongero(geometrical figures) n’imibare. [[File:L&#039;étang des soeurs-grises (1881) (14773083592).jpg|thumb|Umukobwa ufite umubiri uringaniye hose<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%27%C3%A9tang_des_soeurs-grises_(1881)_(14773083592).jpg</ref>|180x180px]] === Imiterere y’igihimba ihamye (Taille: soma taye; cyangwa Waist to Hip Ratio/WHR) === Igipimo cy’imiterere y’igihihimba cyagenywe n’umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima WHO gikoreshwa hapimwa ibyo bakunze kwita taye,cyerekana niba umuntu atananutse cyane ,abyibushye cyane cyangwa atarahuye n’ubumuga. Ku mugore igipimo gisanzwe ni 0, 71 naho ku mugabo ni 0,95. Iki gipimo kigaragaza kandi ingano y’imisemburo,n’uburumbuke bw’umugore. Abahanga mu by’imibanire Rozin na Fallon bemeza ko abagore n’abakobwa bibwira ko abagabo bakunda abakobwa bananutse cyane . Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko rimwe na rimwe baba bibeshya kuko hari benshi mu bagabo bakunda umugore wifitemo itoto ryinshi kabone nubwo yaba abyibushye. === Ubuto === Ubwiza bw’abagore bugera ku rwego ruhanitse iyo bakiri abangavu bukagenda bugabanuka uko bagenda bakura. Ibi inganda nyinshi zikora amavuta zibigenderaho cyane zamamaza zitwaje ko zifite amavuta asubiza mu bwangavu. Mu bihugu byateye imbere benshi mu bagore bakunze kwibagisha kugira ngo bisubize itotobahoranye. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mujyi wa Koreya y’amajyepfo ,Seoul ,20 % bemeye ko bibagishije ngo barusheho kuba beza. [[File:Ak55-Busy afternoon.jpg|thumb|Ak55-Busy afternoon<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ak55-Busy_afternoon.jpg</ref>|152x152px]] === Kwigirira ikizere === Umugore wigirira ikizere akakigirira n’ubwiza bwe ageraho akemeza abandi ko ari mwiza. Kwerekana ko yihagije  bigaragaza ubwisanzure ,imbaraga ze n’ibyishimo; gusa iyo abikabirije agaragara nk’umwirasi mu maso ya rubanda. === Kumenya kugaragaza ibitekerezo === Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza amarangamutima n’isura idakanga uyireba na byo bituma umugore arushaho kuba mwiza. Umugore  wumva ibitekerezo byabandi akabiha agaciro arushaho kuba mwiza. === Ubwiza karemano === Nubwo hari ibirungo byinshi bigenga ubwiza bw’abagore ,abagore beza kurusha abandi ni abatisigiriza cyane kandi ntibibabuze kuguma kuba beza. Nubwo akenshi abagabo batwarwa n’abisize cyane burya  bakunda kurushaho  uwo babona adakeneye kwisiga ngo abe mwiza. = Ishakiro = ow5lmw2rsehx5i2jh05isohgdu93u6k 0 8504 77604 77602 2021-08-14T06:30:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Intangiriro */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi w'imyumbati<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg</ref>|321x321px]] = Uburyo bwo guhinga imyumbati kijyambere = == Intangiriro == Kimwe mu bihingwa bihingwa kuva kera kandi kiri mu biribwa ngandurarugo by’ingenzi ni imyumbati<ref name=":0">https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756#:~:text=Cassava%20is%20a%20calorie%2Drich,contain%20up%20to%2025%25%20protein.</ref>. Nubwo kera byavugwaga ko ari ibiribwa by’abatishoboye, nyamara kuri ubu siko biri ahubwo isigaye iri mu biribwa biboneka hacye dore ko n’indwara zifata imyumbati zituma umusaruro wayo ugenda ugabanyuka mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>http://www.iita.org/news-item/iita-trains-cassava-processors-and-bakers-in-rwanda/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202018%20data,in%20terms%20of%20cultivated%20area.&text=So%20far%2C%20cassava%20has%20only,used%20for%20ugali%20or%20foufou.</ref>. Gusa iri mu biribwa bifite intungamubiri nyinshi ndetse abahanga bavuga ko ushobora kuyisimbuza umuceri dore ko byenda kunganya intungamubiri<ref name=":0" />. Mu ntungamubiri zibonekamo twavuga ibyongera ingufu, poroteyine, ibinure, ibinyasukari, fibre[[, [[Vitamini B1]], [[Vitamini B2]], [[Vitamini B3]], [[Vitamin B9]], [[Vitamini C]], vitamin K, imyunyungugu nka karisiyumu, phosphore, ubutare, magnesium na sodiyumu. Ibi byose nibyo bituma iba ikiribwa cy’ingenzi kandi gifitiye umubiri akamaro.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/imyumbati/</ref><ref>https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756</ref> == Aho imyumbati ihingwa kandi yera neza == <ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188</ref>Itanga umusaruro mwiza mu Mayaga no mu Mirambi no mu mukenke by’Iburirazuba<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/</ref>. [[File:Cassava.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati yasaruwe yeze neza<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cassava.jpg</ref>]] === Ubutaka === Ni igihingwa gikunda ubutaka buseseka<ref>http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/07169_Production_techniques_cassava.pdf</ref> === Amoko yamamazwa === <ref name=":1">https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-cassava/#:~:text=Bitter%20cassava%20is%20very%20similar,as%20490%20parts%20per%20million.</ref>Hari amoko menshi ariko atangwa n’ubishakashatsi ni aya: ==== Mu Miribwa ==== Ndamirabana(TME14). Mbakungahaze(95/NA/00063), Cyizere(192/0057),Mbagarumbise. ==== Mu bwoko bwa Gitaminsi ==== Creolina na Gakiza === Gutegura umurima === Imirimo isabwa ni ibiri: Kurwanya isuri no gutegura umurima<ref>https://www.justagric.com/land-preparation-techniques-for-planting-cassava/#:~:text=Cassava%20requires%20a%20sandy%20loam,to%20enable%20it%20retains%20moisture.</ref> . === Gufumbira === Bashyira toni 10-20 z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza bakongeramo kg 300/Ha za NPK 17.17.17 mu kaziga kazengurutse ingeri zimaze gufata<ref name=":2">https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188</ref>. === Igera imbuto === Haterwa ingeri 10 000 kuri Ha 1 zavuye mu murima w’imyumbati yera neza. Batera ingeri kuri m1 hagati y’imirongo no kuri m1 hagati y’ingeri n’iyindi kandi hagashyirwa ingeri imwe mu mwobo. Igihe cyiza cy’itera : ni hagati y’Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo<ref name=":2" /> === Gufata neza imyumbati mu murima === Nyuma y’ukwezi bamaze gutera imyumbati igomba kubagarwa, bakayisukira imaze kugira cm 60 z’uburebure. Bongera kubagara iyo bibaye ngombwa imyumbati ifite amezi atatu<ref name=":2" />. [[File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi b'imyumbati b'abagore<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg</ref>]] === Imbyonyi n’indwara === Mu kurwanya ibyonnyi n’indwara, umuhinzi agomba gukoresha ubwoko bwihanganira indwara, guterera igihe akabona gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda<ref>https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20127801787</ref> . === Agatagangurirwa === Ni agakoko gafite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi bita Mononychellus tanaioa<ref name=":3">https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=188</ref> twangiza imyumbati mu gihe cy’izuba. Ku myumbati tugaragara ku mababi yo hejuru akivuka no ku mutwe w’amashami kuko horoshye . Ikimenyetso: amababa usanga ari icyatsi kibisi kivanzemo utubara tw’ umuhondo kandi twinshi. Amababi ata ireme akagwingira ntakure . Ku mutwe w’amashami hasigara utubabi tumeze nk’utwana tw’inyoni .Umwumbati ugira ingingo ngufi cyane<ref name=":3" /> . ==== Uko barwanya iyo ndwara ==== Gutera imyumbati yera vuba mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no gutera imyaka yihanganira agataganurirwa. ==== Indwara y’Ububembe ==== Ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi yitwa Cassava Mosaic Virus(CMV), iyo virus ikwirakwizwa n’isazi yitwa Bemisia tabaci .Iyo ndwara ikunze kuboneka hose mu Rwanda. ==== Ibimenyetso ==== Indwara itangira ibibabi Bizana amabara y’umuhondo, ahasigaye ari icyatsi hagakomeza gukura ugasanga ikibabi kiri kw’ikunja kunja kigapfunyarara nyuma kikagira amatwi. Iyo bikabije umwumbati ukura nabi ukagwingira. ==== Uko bayirwanya ==== Umuhinzi ategekwa kurandura buri giti kirwaye mu murima , guhingira igihe, gutera imbuto nzima kandi z’indobanure kandi zihanganira iyo ndwara. Mu murima hagomba kandi kugirara isuku Imyumbati, no guhinga neza kandi agakumira ingaruka ziterwa na ya sazi. [[File:Récolte_du_manioc.jpg|thumb|Abahinzi bavuye gusarura imyumbati<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9colte_du_manioc.jpg</ref>]] === Igihe yerera === Imyumbati yera hagati y’ameze 18-24 kuri gitaminsi. Naho ku myumbati y’imiribwa ni hagati y’amezi 10-15<ref name=":1" />. === Gusarura no guhunika === Umusaruro ukunze kuboneka uri hagati ya toni 20 na toni 20 z’imyumbati kuri Ha. Naho ku birebana n’ihunika imyumbati iguma mu murima ikazakurwa bibaye ngombwa cyangwa ikabikwa ahantu humutse ari imivunde yumye<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/cassava/harvesting</ref>. = Ishakiro = 34hgfvjet1qicrvxcsh4hnptozg5jm6 0 8505 77582 73588 2021-08-14T03:47:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Intangiriro */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Corn Zea mays Plant Row 2000px.jpg|thumb|Ibigoli bitoto<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Zea_mays_Plant_Row_2000px.jpg</ref>]] = Intangiriro = [[File:Maize_crop_in_Zerok_District.jpg|thumb|Umurima w'ibigoli<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_crop_in_Zerok_District.jpg</ref>]] <ref>file:///C:/Users/GuestBo/Downloads/minagri_ibigori.pdf</ref>Ikigori, Mu [[Rwanda]] ni kimwe mu bihingwa byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y`imbaturabukungu mu buhinzi. Kugira ngo umusaruro wabyo ube mwinshi ku buso buto dufite<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/smallholder-farmers-secure-multi-billion-maize-market</ref>. Ni ngombwa ko abahinzi bita ku mihingire ya kijyambere ariyo: Kumenya ubutaka ibigori byeraho<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/local-start-comes-farmers-rescue-battle-against-aflatoxinpostharvest-losses</ref>, Uko bafumbira umurima w`ibigori, Imbuto y`ibigori ikwiye guterwa, Uko batera ibigori, Kubagara no kumenera, Kwicira, Gusukira, Uko bafumbiza ifumbire ya ire, Uko barwanya indwara n`ibyonnyi by`ibigori, Uko basarura ibigori, Guhungura, Guhunika<ref>https://www.arc.agric.za/arc-gci/Fact%20Sheets%20Library/Maize%20Production.pdf</ref>. == Aho ibigori byera == Ibigori byera hafi ya hose mu [[Rwanda]]. Ikigori gikenera ubutaka bwiza bufi te isi ndende, bubika amazi neza kugira ngo gitange umusaruro mwiza. Umurima uhingwamo ibigori ugomba kuba<ref>https://knoema.com/atlas/Rwanda/topics/Agriculture/Crops-Production-Quantity-tonnes/Maize-production</ref> : ¾ Utavuyemo ikindi kinyampeke (amasaka, ingano, umuceri, n`ibindi) ¾ Uhinze neza utarimo urwiri n`ibindi byatsi bibi ¾ Ufumbiye neza hakoreshejwe ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda ¾ Urwanyijemo isuri<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/gisagara-maize-farmers-to-build-factory.html</ref>. == Gufumbira umurima w’ibigori == Ifumbire y`imborera iboze neza ingana n`ibilo 100 ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 (Toni 10 kuri Hegitari). Ifumbire y`imborera ikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutabira cyangwa mu gutera. Ifumbire mvaruganda: Ibilo bibiri n`igice (2.5)bya NPK 17-17-17 cyangwa ikilo kimwe (kg 1) cya DAP. Iyo wakoresheje DAP, wongeramo ikilo kimwe cya Ire ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 mu gihe cyo gusukira. Mu butaka busharira wongeramo ibilo 25 by`ishwagara mu murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 (toni 2.5 kuri hegitari) mu gihe cyo gutegura umurima<ref>https://yeanrwanda.org/article.php?id=132</ref>.<ref name=":0">http://www.ehinga.org/kin/articles/maize/land_preparation</ref> == Imbuto y’Ibigori Imbuto y`indobanure == [[File:Maize_Corn.jpg|thumb|Imbuto y'ibigoli<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_Corn.jpg</ref>]] Iba ifite icyemezo cy`ubuziranenge gitangwa na RAB, ifite ibisobanuro bya ngombwa byanditswe ku cyo ipfunyitsemo, Kuba iberanye n`akarere igiye guhingwamo, Ifite impeke z`ibara rimwe kandi zose zingana, Kuba ihungiye kandi intete zayo zitaratobowe n`udusimba, zitaraboze cyangwa ngo zimeneke, Kuba ari nzima imera byibuze kugera ku kigero cya 85%, Kuba itavangiye (idafi te imyanda) nibura ku gipimo cya 98% (pureté spécifi que), Kuba yumye neza ifi te ubuhehere bukwiye ni kuvuga ku gipimo cya 15% (taux d’humidité)<ref name=":0" />,<ref name=":1">http://www.amis.minagri.gov.rw/fr/download/file/fid/722</ref> == Gutera ibigori == Uteganya imbuto ingana n`ibilo 2.5 ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10, Guca imirongo ifi te intera ya cm 75 hagaƟ y’umurongo n’undi, Guca utwobo tw’imbuto dufi te intera ya cm 30 cyangwa 50 hagaƟ y’utwobo, Gushyira ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda muri buri kobo, Gutwikiriza ifumbire itaka kugira ngo idahura n’imbuto ikayitwika, Gutera imbuto mu twobo no kuyitwikira<ref name=":1" />.<ref name=":2">https://rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=236&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=174&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=29&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=9&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2012&cHash=a9f933bb898ba7d7204562f0f6964a01</ref> === Icyitonderwa === Igikwiye gushimangirwa, igihe imbuto yatewe kuri cm 30 haterwa ibigori bibiri hagasigaramo kimwe igihe cyo kwicira, Igihe imbuto yatewe kuri cm 50 haterwa ibigori bitatu hagasigaramo bibiri igihe cyo kwicira<ref name=":2" />. == Kubagara no kumenera == Kubagara bikorwa igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa: igihe mu murima w`ibigori hagaragaramo ibyatsi. Ni ngombwa kubagara ibyatsi bitaraba byinshi. Ibyatsi bicura ibigori bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka cyane<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ababuze-isoko-ry-ibigori-bazampamagare-ndibashakire-minisitiri-kanimba</ref>. == Kwicira == Bicira igihe ibigori bifi te amababi abiri cyangwa atatu yuzuye (arambuye kandi agaragaza ibice byose bigize ibabi ry’ikigori). Icyo gihe biba bimaze ibyumweru nka 3 bitewe. Iyo bicira ibigori bahera ku bigaragaza uburwayi cyagwa bitakuze neza cyangwa biboneka ho inenge iyo ariyo yose. Iyo byose ari byiza nabwo, ni ngombwa ko kimwe kirandurwa. Uwicira arandura ikigori acyerekeje ku ruhande, naho iyo akiranduye acyerekeje hejuru, ashobora kwangiza n’ikigori kizasigaramo Icyitonderwa, Kwicira bituma ibigori bidacuranwa ifumbire n`urumuri. Ibigori biƟ ciye birangwa no kuba birebire cyane kubera gushaka urumuri bikagira n’uruƟ rutoya n’utugori duto cyane<ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/category/ubuhinzi/page/7/</ref>.<ref name=":0" /> == Gusukira == Igikorwa cyo gusukira cyangwa kuhira bikorwa ibigori bimaze ibyumweru 6 bitewe bifi te nk`intambwe 1.5 z`ikiganza. Usukira azamura ubutaka akabutwikiriza imizi. Gusukira bituma imizi yose iba mu butaka igakora imirimo yayo yo kugaburira igihingwa no kugishyigikira bityo nƟ kibe cyagushwa n’umuyaga. Mu gihe cyo gusukira niho bashyiramo ifumbire mvaruganda ya ire<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021002140</ref> . == Uko bafumbiza ire == Ifumbire mvaruganda ya Ire ishyirwa mu murima w`ibigori mu gihe cyo gusukira/kuhira. Muri iki gihe ikigori kiba gikeneye ifumbire nyinshi n`amazi menshi. Iyo batera ire babanza kureba ko ubutaka bubobereye bihagije kugira ngo ire idatwika ibigori, Bacukura agaferege muri cm 10 z’ikigori, bakayishyiramo kandi bakayitwikiriza itaka kugira ngo umunyu wa Azote utagenda. Batera ikilo 1 cya ire ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 (ibilo 100 kuri hegitari cyangwa) akayiko k’icyayi mu kobo<ref>https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-1201-0_8</ref>. == Nkongwa y`ibigori == Aho nkongwa yanyuze hagaragazwa n’imyobo ndetse n’agafu ku mababi n’aho yanyuze yinjira mu mubyimba w’ikigori. Nkongwa ishobora no kwinjirira hasi mu ruƟ igacukura umuƟ ma w`ikigori izamuka. Kuyirwanya: Gutera ku gihe, Gusimburanya ibihingwa, Gutera imiƟ (Chloropyriphos-ethyl, Bull doc, n’iyindi). Icyitonderwa: Nkongwa igaragara cyane mu gihe cy’izuba<ref>http://www.krishisewa.com/disease-management/288-dmaize.html</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases</ref> = Ishakiro = 62ohpatnive5zyiog6em7hs18woaqma 0 8506 73537 2020-10-04T19:19:59Z 41.186.78.231 Created page with "Akagali ka murara" wikitext text/x-wiki Akagali ka murara jnbra2b2i0mb1j9tx5jey022dsei249 0 8507 77355 76309 2021-08-09T20:34:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Policy Statements - ITU PP-18 (45578136092) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Paula Ingabire (2018)]] '''Paula Ingabire''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere muby'ikoranabuhanga ndetse n' umunyapolitiki, akaba ari Minisitiri w'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho no guhanga udushya, wemejwe n'inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]], kuva tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Paula_Ingabire.jpg|thumb|Paula Ingabire]] Ingabire yize muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]], arangiza afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor . Yakomeje amashuri ye ndetse aza no kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho, yakuye mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Massachusetts (MIT). Yari umwe mubitabiriye ihuriro ryo gushyiraho sisitemu no kuzicunga muri MIT. == Umwuga we wa mbere ya politiki == Mbere yuko aba minisitiri, yari Umuyobozi wa gahunda ya Kigali Innovation City . Mbere yibyo, yari afite umwanya w’umuyobozi wa ICT mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] . == Nkumunyapolitiki == Yinjiye muri guverinoma yavuguruwe ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 ikagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri igizwe n'abagore 50 ku ijana; bayikoreramo. U [[Rwanda]] na [[Etiyopiya]],nibyo bihugu bibiri bya Afurika byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabyo. Nka minisitiri , ni umutegarugori uvuganira kandi wunganira ikoranabuhanga . Yiyumvisha ko ikoranabuhanga riri mubyo yise tekinoroji ya '''kane y'inganda kwisi''' . Minisitiri avuga ko udushya nk'utwo dushobora gufasha u [[Rwanda]] guteza imbere gahunda z'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'inzego z'ubukerarugendo. Yitabira inama za buri kwezi zumuryango wa [[Rwanda]] Blockchain. == Ibindi bitekerezo == Muri Werurwe 2020, Paula Ingabire yashyizwe mu bayobozi 115 bakiri bato ku isi mu mwaka wa 2020, n'ihuriro ry'ubukungu ku isi . Urutonde rurimo abayobozi ba leta, abanyamakuru, abarwanashyaka, abahanzi, abarezi, impuguke mu bucuruzi, n'abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga, bari munsi y’imyaka 40. == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] * Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.rwandahc.org/rwandas-new-cabinet-a-blend-of-age-gender-technocrats/ Inama y'Abaminisitiri bashya mu Rwanda: Uruvange rw'imyaka, uburinganire & abatekinisiye] guhera ku ya 19 Ukwakira 2018. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053018/http://www.mitec.gov.rw/index.php?id=2%2F Urubuga rwa Rwanda Minisiteri yamakuru n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (MiTECH)] * Paula Ingabire [[Category:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Template]] [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] 33sfbc3sit3et4hdlsn31mncemv91my 0 8508 77362 76863 2021-08-09T20:38:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Soraya H.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Hakuzwiyaremye Soraya]] '''Soraya Hakuziyaremye''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ndetse n’umucuruzi, w'umunyamwuga mu bijyanye n’imicungire y’imari akaba n’umunyapolitiki wabaye Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]], kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. == Amavu n'amavuko == Soraya yakuye impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye muri [[:fr:École_belge_de_Kigali|Ecole Belge de Kigali]] (Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ababiligi rya Kigali) aho amasomo ye yari imibare na fiziki. Yimukiye i Buruseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], aho yize mu ishuri ry'ubucuruzi rya Vlerick . Nyuma yaho, yahawe impamyabumenyi yikirenga mubijyanye n' icungamutungo no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa , muri Solvay Ishuri rya ryigisha ishoramari muri ya [[:fr:Université_libre_de_Bruxelles|Université Libre de Bruxelles]] . Afite kandi Impamyabumenyi y’ubushakashatsi buhanitse mu micungire y'imari mpuzamahanga, yahawe n’ishuri rya Thunderbird of Global Management, muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Arizona, i Phoenix, Arizona muri Amerika. == Umwuga == Mu gihe cyimyaka hafi ine, guhera mu Kuboza 2002 Madamu Hakuziyaremye Soraya yakoraga muri Banki ya New York . Nyuma yimukiye i Buruseli maze yinjira muri BNP Paribas Fortis, aho yamaze imyaka itandatu ahakora. Muri Kamena 2012, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] amara imyaka ibiri n'igice akora nk'umujyanama mukuru wa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane, ufite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. Nyuma gato yaje kujya mu inama y'abikorera mu Buruseli, aho yagizwe umuyobozi wungirije wa Dutch mu by'imari no gucunga umutungo, IBITS, ifite ikicaro mu bwongereza London, United Kingdom. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, yagizwe minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda. == Reba kandi == * <ref>[[Germaine Kamayiresi]]</ref>[[Germaine Kamayiresi]] * Espérance Nyirasafari * Marie-Solange Kayisire == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201009082743/https://www.minicom.gov.rw/index.php?id=1%2F Urubuga rwa minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda mu Rwanda] (Minicom) {{DEFAULTSORT:Hakuziyaremye, Soraya}} [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] ojseyx4qriuiph1j519q235wtwkpgik 0 8509 79214 76850 2021-08-31T12:47:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Germaine Kamayirese''' ni enjeniyeri akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], wabaye Minisitiri w’ubutabazi n’ibikorwa by’impunzi muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018 kugeza igihe yavanywe muri guverinoma ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2020. Mbere yibyo, kuva ku ya 24 Nyakanga 2014 kugeza ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo ushinzwe ingufu, amazi n’isuku. == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] Yavukiye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ku ya 5 Kanama 1981. Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (KIST), uyu munsi rikaba ari Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga ([[Rwanda]]),rimwe mwishami rya [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . Afite Impamyabumenyi ya Electricalmechanical Engineering, yahawe na KIST mu 2005. Afite kandi Masters yo gucunga itumanaho, yatanzwe mu mwaka wa 2010 na KIST ndetse na kaminuza ya Coventry, mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] . == Umwuga == Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2011, <nowiki>[[Germaine Kamayirese]]</nowiki> yabaye inzobere mu bijyanye n’urusobe muri "Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency" (RURA)[https://web.facebook.com/RURA.Rwanda/?_rdc=1&_rdr] Kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2014, yabaye inzobere mu miyoboro muri "Tigo-Rwanda". Kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2011 Kamayirese yabaye umujyanama muri "Institute of Engineering Architecture Rwanda". Kuva muri Nzeri 2017, yari umunyamuryango wa "Rwanda Women Engineers Association" (RWEA). Mu nshingano ze nka Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe ingufu, amazi n’isuku muri Minisiteri y’ibikorwa Remezo, yari ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’igihugu ndetse na politiki y’umusaruro w’amashanyarazi, kohereza, gukwirakwiza no gucuruza mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse n’ibigo by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. ashinzwe kandi gutanga serivisi zizewe, zifite umutekano kandi zirambye zitanga amazi n’isuku mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, Madamu Kamayirese yagizwe Minisitiri mushya ushinzwe imicungire y’ubutabazi n’ibibazo by’impunzi. == Umuryango == Germaine Kamayirese ni nyina w'abana batatu. == Ibindi bitekerezo == Ukuboza 2014, Ikinyamakuru cya Forbes cyamushyize mu "Abagore 20 bafite imbaraga muri Afurika 2014". == Reba kandi == * Yudita Uwizeye * Gérardine Mukeshimana * Yvonne Khamati == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.midimar.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwa minisiteri yu Rwanda ishinzwe gucunga ibiza n’ibibazo by’impunzi] * [http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwa Minisiteri y’ibikorwa Remezo mu Rwanda] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Template]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Category:Kigali]] 68ayc4jkx6ay6o58xckxdrp8d2ylber 0 8510 83577 77737 2022-05-14T18:47:31Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ICT_IN_EDUCATION.jpg|thumb|'''Yvonne Manzi Makolo''' ni inzobere mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda]] '''Yvonne Manzi Makolo''' ni inzobere mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu [[Rwanda]] akaba azi nibigendanye n'ubucuruzi cyane, akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Rwandair,ikigo gishinzwe indege cy’igihugu mu [[Rwanda]] . Yahawe uwo mwanya ku ya 6 Mata 2018. Mbere yibyo, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ibibazo by’amasosiyete muri iki kigo, kuva muri Mata 2017 kugeza Mata 2018. == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye muri Kongo se wo mu bwoko bwa Luba ukomoka i Kasai (DRC) na nyina w'u Rwanda. Yvonne yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu 1993, yimukiye muri [[Kanada]] ku bushake. Nyuma yimyaka icumi, mu 2003 yagarutse mu Rwanda. We na mukuru we barezwe na nyina umwe, se wa Yvonne yapfuye abakobwa bakiri bato cyane. Afite amahugurwa yihariye mu ikoranabuhanga kandi yakoze n'umushinga wa software, haba muri Kanada no mu [[Rwanda]]. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:MTN-logo.jpg|thumb|'''Yvonne Manzi Makolo''' yakoze no mu ikigo k'itumanaho mu Rwanda MTN]] Mu 2006, yinjiye muri MTN Rwanda, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’itumanaho mu gihugu. Nyuma yigihe, yazamutse mu ntera agera ku mwanya w’umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe kwamamaza (CMO) ndetse anaba n'umuyobozi mukuru (CEO), wa MTN. Muri Mata 2017, ubwo [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri y'u Rwanda]] yahinduraga imiyoborere mu Rwandair, Yvonne Manzi Makolo yagizwe Umuyobozi wungirije, ushinzwe ibibazo by'amasosiyete. Umwaka umwe, muyindi mpinduka y'ubuyobozi mu ndege zigihugu, yahawe umwanya w’umuyobozi mukuru mu Rwandair. == Izindi nshingano == Yvonne Makolo ni nyina w'abana bato. == Reba kandi == * Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda * Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'indege mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.rwandair.com/ Urubuga rwa Rwandair] * [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-appoints-new-ministers Kagame ashyiraho abaminisitiri bashya] Kuva ku ya 6 Mata 2018. [[Category:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Template]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 5kzgil3lydu9sbaho8zyfghkvfrnz01 0 8511 76637 73572 2021-07-30T09:45:53Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Uru ni '''urutonde rw'ingoro ndangamurage mu Rwanda''' . == Inzu ndangamurage mu Rwanda == * Ingoro yitiriwe "Richard Kandt" (Nyarugenge-Kigali)[[File:Richard Kandt monument.jpg|thumb|Richard Kandt monument]] * Ingoro ijyanye n'ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 (Akarere ka Gasabo-Kigali) * Ingoro y'ubugeni n'ubuhanzi mu Rwanda (Akarere ka Kicukiro-Kigali) * Ingoro y'Abami (Akarere ka Nyanza) * Ingoro y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Akarere ka Huye) * Ingoro y'Ibidukikije (Akarere ka Karongi) * Ingoro yo "Kwigira" (Akarere ka Nyanza) * Ingoro y'amateka y'urugamba rwo Kubohora Igihugu (Akarere ka Gicumbi) == Reba ibindi == * Urutonde rw'ingoro ndangamurage ktixq5llhn8tab7dl78ke0ar6dndi9b 0 8512 77313 75895 2021-08-09T20:17:53Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:National Museum of Rwanda - Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (3).jpg|thumb|273x273px|Ikigo ndangamurage cy'u Rwanda]] Iyi ngoro ndangamurage y'imibereho y'abanyarwanda n'imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zigize Ikigo ndangamurage cy'u [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka == Yubatswe ku nkunga ya guverinoma y'Igihugu cy'[[Ububiligi]]. Yafunguwe bwa mbere mu 1989 kandi ni isoko nziza yamakuru ku mateka y’[[Umuco nyarwanda|Umuco]] y'[[Igihugu]] ndetse n'akarere. Aha hazwi kandi nk'ahantu hiciwe umwamikazi [[Rosalie Gicanda]] n'abandi benshi mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] . <ref name="bbc2">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18512292 Rwanda genocide: Nizeyimana convicted of killing Queen Gicanda], 19 June 2012, BBC, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> == Aho iherereye == Iyi ngoro ndangamurage iherereye ahari Icyicaro cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ingoro Ndangamurage z’u [[Rwanda]] i [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]], mu birometero 132 mu majyepfo y'umurwa mukuru wa [[Kigali]]-u [[Rwanda]]. == Imikorere == [[Dosiye:Hutte royale reconstituée au musee national de Butare.JPG|thumb|267x267px|Inzu y'umwami]] Nubwo bwose iyi nzu ndangamurage yubatswe mu mwaka w'1987, ubu iri mu nimwe mu mazu ndangamuco abitse bimwe mu byegeranyo byiza bya [[Afurika]]. Ibibuga byayo birindwi byerekana amateka, amoko, ubuhanzi nubucukuzi bwa kera biherekejwe nabafasha mu mashusho, biha abashyitsi ubushishozi bukomeye ku muco w’abanyarwanda<ref>https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68</ref>. == Ibyo wareba == {{Reflist}} # https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68 == Ibindi wareba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911001027/http://www.museum.gov.rw/our-museums/ethnographic.html Ingoro ndangamurage] - Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911001027/http://www.museum.gov.rw/our-museums/ethnographic.html cy'ingoro z'umurage] w'u Rwanda * [https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.museum.gov.rw Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda] (Archive) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010122052300/http://www.nur.ac.rw/rwanda4.htm Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda] muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo muri Afurika]] nd4m7cfxk2ca7c06msvin0djpbr80wq 0 8513 83599 83598 2022-05-14T20:16:29Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Ubuzima bwabanje n'amashuri */ #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr Mukeshimana''' '''Gérardine''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'umuhanga muri siyansi n'umunyapolitiki akaba yarabaye Minisitiri w'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi kuva muri Nyakanga 2014. == Ubuzima bwabanje n'amashuri == [[Dosiye:Dr. Geraldine Mukeshimana.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Dr. Geraldine Mukeshimana]] DR Mukeshimana Gerardine yavutse ku ya 10 Ukuboza 1970 mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] y'ubu. Afite impamyabumenyi y’ubuhinzi [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza]] yakuye muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] n’impamyabumenyi ihanitse (2001) y'ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza, n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yabonye mu (2013) mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan . Nyuma yo yogusoza ikiciro kikirenga cya kaminuza yanditse igitabo.<ref>"Dissecting the Genetic Complexity of Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)" Mu 2012</ref> yahawe igihembo n'Inama mpuzamahanga y'ibiribwa niterambere mu by'Ubuhinzi (BIFAD) igihembo cy'umunyeshuri ubuhanga bwe muri siyanse bwatanze umusanzu mubuhinzi bwo mu Rwanda muri 2012. == Umwuga == Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yabaye umwarimu mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri kaminuza nkuru y’u [[Rwanda]], aba n'umuhuzabikorwa w’umushinga wo gutera inkunga imishinga yo mubice by'icyaro wa Banki y'Isi . Mu 2013, Mukeshimana Gerardine yari mu itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri Beca Hub, ikigo cy’ibinyabuzima mu kigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi ku bworozi (a [[:en:Biosciences|biosciences]] facility at the [[:en:International_Livestock_Research_Institute|International Livestock Research Institut]]) i [[Nairobi]] . Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yagizwe Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi mu nama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'abaminisitiri]] yariyobowe na Minisitiri w'Intebe Anastase Murekezi muri Nyakanga 2014. Yakomeje umwanya we mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri muri Gicurasi 2016 ryakozwe na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] . Muri Kamena 2016, Dr Mukeshimana Gerardine yakiriye icyumweru cya karindwi nyafurika cy’ubumenyi bw’ubuhinzi n’inama rusange y’ihuriro ry’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi muri Afurika (FARA) i [[Kigali]], ryatanze ingingo esheshatu zihamagarira abantu kugira ngo bagere kuri gahunda ya "Africa Feed Africa" bivuga ngo afurika igaburire afurika. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Mukeshimana Gerardine yagumanye umwanya wo kuba minisitiri n’inshingano ze.<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=544</ref> == Ibikorwa yamuritse mu nyandiko == * Mukeshimana, Gerardine; Lasley, Amy L. (May 2014). "Identification of Shoot Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Common Bean Seedlings. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. American Society for Horticultural Science. * Mukeshimana, Gerardine; Butare, Louis; Cregan, Perry B. Kelly, James D. (May 2014). Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Drought Tolerance in Common Bean". Crop Science. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.06.0427. == imiyoboro == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukeshimana, Gerardine}} [[Category:Rwanda]] lhljb3vldiu4zht1mq86heyw3am14xr 0 8516 79897 76438 2021-11-07T19:45:22Z 41.186.27.53 spelling wikitext text/x-wiki == Inyambo == Inyambo ni [[inka]] benshi bakunze kwita inyarwanda kuko zahoze mu [[Rwanda]] ziri muri bimwe byaranze kandi biranga amateka n'umuco w'Abanyarwanda, zirangwa n'umubyimba munini, amahembe manini kandi maremare, arambuye, y'igitare ateye neza. Inyambo ziba zifite amaso mato, amaguru ateye neza, igikanu kigamitse, ibara rimwe ry'ibihogo kandi mu mashyo yose.<ref>http://rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=236&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=43&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=12&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=7&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2014&cHash=1e62a46b6470d6872ff61496209555dc</ref> * 1 Ubusobanuro bw'Inyambo n'ibiranga inyambo * 2 Amateka y'inyambo * 3 Imyororokere Y'inyambo * 4 Ibitangaje n'ikoranabuhanga mukubungabunga inyambo * 5 Amafoto * 6 Imiyoboro == Amateka y'inyambo == Mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa cyami mu Rwanda inka byumwihariko inyambo zari zifite icyo zivuze mu muco gakondo kabanyarwanda.Bivigwa ko inka yaba yarageze mu Rwanda ubwo Umwami yarambagiraga hamwe nabari bamugaragiye akabona inyamanswa ifite ubwoya irikumwe nakana kayo ategeka ko bayijyana mu rugo bakayorora nuko nuko kuva ubwo ihabwa izina ry'inka, ibi kandi bigahuza nibisangwa ku mpapuro zambere zigitabo cyanditswe n'umwanditsi w'umunyarwanda w'umuhanga Alex Kagame yise inganji karinga, andi makuru kandi avugako inka zaba zarageze mu rwanda ziturutse mu duce tw'indorwa, umutara ndetse na karagwe. mu nka zabaga mu Rwanda harimo amoko abiri murizo yari yubashwe ariyo inyambo hamwe n'inkuku inyambo zari zubashwe ku rwego rwo hejuru.<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/inkomoko-yinyambo-z-i-rwanda.hmtl</ref> kuva zikivuka inyambo zatangiraga gutozwa kwitonda no gutambuka neza Mu Rwanda rwo hambere inka z'inyambo zari ubukungu ndashyikirwa. Ibi bigaragazwa namazina yazo yazisingizaga, aho amateka agaragaza ko yatangiye ku ngoma y'Umwami YUHI IV GAHINDIRO<ref>http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Yuhi_IV_Gahindiro</ref> (ahasaga mu wa 1746) ubwo abanyarwanda batangiye kuzirata kubwakamaro kazo.<ref>http://rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=236&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=43&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=12&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=7&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2014&cHash=1e62a46b6470d6872ff61496209555dc</ref> == ibitangaje n'ikoranabuhanga mu kubungabunga inyambo == Inyambo ubu wazisanga i Nyanza mu Rukari niho uwashaka kuzisura yazisanga aho usanga ishyo ryazo. akenshi ziba zitamirije inkindi kumahebe no kurwakanakana, ziyerekana mu buryo budasanzwe kandi bunogeye ijisho. zigenda ziyerekana. izi nka zikunze kugaragara mu birori by'umuco aho usanga zigenda zikamenya inzira zicamo kandi zigatera ibyishimo abazireba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/umurage/article/ibitangaje-ku-nka-z-inyambo-ziboneka-i-nyanza</ref> Ikigo [http://www.rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=180 RAB] gikomeje kubungabunga inyambo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga aho hatunganywa intanga zo kuzitera, gutunganya insoro no kuzitera, kubika intanga cg insoro mu bubiko bwabugenewe. Gucukumbura byimbitse imiterere nyayo y'inyambo, kugaragaza by'imazeyo imiterere y'inyambo.<ref>http://rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=236&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=43&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=12&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=7&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2014&cHash=1e62a46b6470d6872ff61496209555dc</ref> = Imyororokere y'inyambo no kuzita = Kera mu Rwanda, kugirango inyambo zigwire Umutware w'inyambo yafataga inka yitwa inkuku akayibangurira ku mfizi y'inyambo ikabyara iyitwa ibigarama, ibigarama akabibangurira ku mfizi y'inyambo bikabyara iyitwa inkerakibumbiro, inkerakibumbiro akayibangurira ku mfizi y'inyambo ikabyara iyitwa imirizo, imirizo akayibangurira ku mfizi y'inyambo ikabyara iyitwa ingegene, ingegene niyo nyambo yuzuye.<ref>https://museum.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Documents/Newsletter_July-_September_2017.pdf</ref> Iyo inyambo zabaga zimaze kubyara uburiza; umutahira w'inyambo yatumiraga umwisi, akazitegereza neza, maze iz'ingenzi muri zo akazita, akaziha [https://museum.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Documents/Newsletter_July-_September_2017.pdf inshutso]. yamara kuziha inshutso agataha. ubwo bamuhaga inka y'intizo ikamwa, yamara kuyitekesha akayisubizayo. iyo ubushyo bwa za nyambo bwamaraga kubyara ubuheta, bongeraga gutumira umwisi ngo agire icyo yongera ku nshutso. ubwo yitaga iy'indatwa muri za mpete, akayisingiza. Inshutso yari yarayihaye mbere ikaba ariyo ibanza, ikitwa impamagazo, igisingizo cya kabiri ayihaye kikitwa impakanizi, ibindi bisingizo bikitwa imivugo. igisingizo cya nyuma cyikitwa umusibo(iyo cyabaga gisingiza ya ndatwa y'isonga yonyine) cyangwa imivunano(iyo cyabaga gisingiza za ndatwa zose yari yarahaye inshutso mu ikubitiro). yamaraga gusoza uwo murimo wose wo kwita inyambo bakamuha inka y'ingororano akayicyura ikaba iye y'ishimwe.<ref>https://ubuvanganzo.blog4ever.com/inka-n-inganzo</ref> == Amafot0 == [[Dosiye:Veau_Inyambo.jpg|thumb|Inyambo]] [[File:Inyambo.jpg|thumb|247x247px]] [[File:Inyambo.jpg|thumb|247x247px]] == Imiyoboro == <references /> [[Category:Amatungo]] [[Category:Ubworozi]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] pbv7qoaq7yvyrr62otfv72d1pere7bt 0 8517 81296 81295 2021-12-20T11:37:24Z 2A01:E0A:26:3D0:3500:B7E4:4DDA:F4D5 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patoranking.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzi lPatrick Nnaemeka Okorie uzwi ku izina rya Patoranking]] '''lPatrick Nnaemeka Okorie''' (wavutse ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1990), uzwi cyane ku izina rye ry'ubuhanzi '''Patoranking''', ni reggae wo muri Nijeriya - umuririmbyi wa Dancehall akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo. Yavukiye kandi akurira mu mujyi wa Ijegun-Egba Satellite, Patoranking akomoka muri Onicha, muri Leta ya Ebonyi . Yatangiye umwuga we wumuziki akora ubufatanye bwihishwa nabahanzi nka XProject, Konga, Slam na Reggie Rockstone . Yasinyanye amasezerano na Igberaga Records ya K-Solo mu mwaka wa 2010, asohora "Up in D Club" munsi yimyambarire. Patoranking yabaye protégé wa Dem Mama Records nyuma yo gukorana na Timaya mu ndirimbo ye "Alubarika". Muri Gashyantare 2014, yasinyanye amasezerano na Foston Musik maze asohora "Girlie O", imwe imushyira mu majwi. Ku ya 9 Gashyantare 2015, Patoranking yatangaje kuri Instagram ko yasinyanye amasezerano yo kugabana na VP Records . ku Nzeri 28 Patoranking yasohoye indirimbo yise [https://nairagists.com/download-patoranking-abule-mp3-audio/ Abule] umwe yasohoye imbere album ye ateganyijwe kurekurwa nyuma vuba mu 2020. Ukuboza 2021, Patoranking yarokotse impanuka y'imodoka muri Nijeriya.[https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/12/20/patoranking-survives-ghastly-motor-accident/?amp=1] == Ubuzima n'umuziki == [[Dosiye:Flag-map_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|Ikarita y' igihugu cya Nigeria]] Patoranking yavukiye kandi akurira mu mujyi wa Ijegun-Egba Satellite, ariko afite inkomoko mu muryango wa Onicha, muri Leta ya Ebonyi . Yize muri Citizen Comprehensive College i Epe, Lagos nyuma yiyandikisha mu ishuri ry’ikibonezamvugo cya Jibril Martin muri Iponri. Patoranking yatangiye umwuga we wubuhanzi kumuhanda ari numubyinnyi wa karnivali. Mu kiganiro 2012 yagiranye na ''Entertainment Express'', yavuze ko izina rye ry'ubuhanzi yarihawe n'umuhanzi wo muri Jamayike yahuriye na Alpha Beach i Lagos. Patoranking yavuze ko Buju Banton, Bob Marley, Fela Kuti, Umuhire Dube, Chaka Demus, Majek Fashek, Blackky, Blackface, Tuface na Marvelous Benjy nk'ibikorwa bye bya muzika. Mu kiganiro tumaze kuvuga twagiranye na ''Entertainment Express'', yavuze ko umuziki we ari itandukaniro ry’imyitwarire ya Dancehall kandi avuga ko ivuga ku bibazo by’imibereho-politiki. Muri Gicurasi 2012, Patoranking yasohoye indirimbo imwe yise "Iya Bisi", irimo Qdot na Kbaj. Indirimbo yakozwe na Drumphase nuruvange rwa Dancehall na fuji . Patoranking yatangarije ''Imyidagaduro Express'' ko Qdot na Kbaj bafashije guhimba indirimbo bamusangiza ibitekerezo. Ku ya 12 Nzeri 2013, Patoranking yasohoye icyarimwe amajwi n'amashusho bya "Alubarika". Indirimbo isobanurwa ngo "Imigisha y'Imana" kandi igaragaramo amajwi ya Timaya . Amashusho yindirimbo "Alubarika" yafashwe na AJE Films ikora iminota 4 namasegonda 16. Nk’uko bigaragara ku kiganiro cyashyizwe ahagaragara na Victor Akande wo mu <nowiki><i id="mwPQ">Gihugu</i></nowiki>, Patoranking yavuze ko iyi ndirimbo ari incamake y'ubuzima bwe nk'umucuranzi maze avuga ko yamukinguriye amarembo mu rwego rwo kubaka abafana no gukorana n'abacuranzi babishinzwe. Muri Gashyantare 2014, Patoranking yasinyanye amasezerano na Foston Musik n'amasezerano arangiza gukorana na Dem Mama Records. Mu kiganiro na Toolz kuri ''The Juice'' ya NdaniTV, Timaya yavuze ko Patoranking yavuye ku kirango cye kandi ko atigeze asinywa ku mugaragaro. Ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2014, Patoranking yasohoye "Girlie O", indirimbo yakozwe na WizzyPro . Amashusho y'indirimbo yafashwe kandi ayoborwa i Londres na Moe Musa; yasohotse ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2014. Mu mashusho y'indirimbo, Patoranking yakuye umuturanyi we mu ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo amugaragariza ibyiyumvo yavukanye. Ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2014, Foston Musik yashyize ahagaragara "Girlie O" (Remix) ya Tiwa Savage yatewe inkunga na Tiwa Savage . Yatangiye ku mwanya wa 9 kuri MTV Base ya Official Naija Top 10 imbonerahamwe. Tiwa Savage yabwiye Ehiz wo muri MTV Base ko yishimiye umuziki wa Patoranking maze ahitamo kumwegera kugirango akore remix. Amashusho y'indirimbo "Girlie O" (Remix) nayo yafatiwe kandi yerekanwa i Londres na Moe Musa. Joey Akan wo muri Pulse Nigeriya yagize ati: "Kuri remix nshya, ibintu by'ibanze byatsinze ntabwo byajugunywe. Byagumishijwe kandi bitezwa imbere. Gukubita, korari, n'imbaraga byarakomeje, kandi imirimo ikomeye yashyizwe mu magambo. " Patoranking yagaragaye kumurongo wa "Murda" ya Seyi Shay hamwe na Shaydee . Iyi ndirimbo yakozwe na Dokta Frabz isohoka ku ya 1 Mata 2014. Ku ya 11 Gicurasi 2014, amashusho y'indirimbo "Murda" yashyizwe kuri Vevo. Yayobowe na Meji Alabi kuri JM Films. <nowiki></br></nowiki> Indirimbo ya "Daniella Whine" ya Patoranking na "My woman, my everything" bisobanura "umugore wange, Byose Byanjye" yashushanyije kuri MTV Base Official Naija Top 10 imbonerahamwe. Uwahoze yatangiriye kuri nimero ya 4 muri Gicurasi na Forbes imbonerahamwe ku Oya 1 muri Kamena, naho nyuma "Mugore wanjye, byose byange" kandi yabonekeye ku mbonerahamwe, igera kuri nimero ya 2. === 2016: ''Ijwi Nigeriya'' ''n'Imana hejuru ya byose'' === Muri Mutarama 2016, Patoranking yatangajwe nk'umwe mu bacamanza bazitabira irushanwa ''rya mbere'' ry’amarushanwa yo kuririmba ''Ijwi rya Nijeriya'' . Patoranking yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio God over everything(''Imana hejuru ya byose)''ku ya 1 Kanama 2016. Irimo abashyitsi bagaragaye muri Phyno, Wizkid, Sarkodie, Olamide, Inzovu, na Wasiu Ayinde Marshall . Album yatangiriye ku mwanya wa 4 ku Billboard 's Reggae Alubumu mbonerahamwe. == Patoranking ALU Bourse == Patoranking yakoze gahunda yo gutanga buruse kubana bato bo muri Afrika badashobora kubona uburere bukwiye. Mugihe yamenyekanye kwisi yose, Umuhanzi aracyafite ishyaka ryo kwiga. Muri 2019, Yahuye nuwashinze gahunda ya buruse ya ALU aho yatangije gahunda yo guhugura abana 10 bashya kandi bafite ishyaka cyane cyane kuva Ebuta-Metta aho yakuriye nabandi badafite amikoro yo kwiga ubwabo. == Discography == === Album === * ''Imana hejuru ya byose'' (2016) * ''Wilmer'' (2019) * ''Bitatu'' (2020) === Byatoranijwe === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Album |- | 2009 | "Byiza cyane"|rowspan="15" {{n/a|Non-album single}} |- | 2010 | "Hejuru muri D Club" |- | 2012 | "Iya Bisi" <span style="font-size:85%;">(irimo Qdot na Kbaj)</span> |- | rowspan="4" | 2013 | "Tonite" <span style="font-size:85%;">(hamwe na Faze )</span> |- | "Parike Neza" |- | "Alubarika" <span style="font-size:85%;">(irimo Timaya )</span> |- | "Imbaraga rukuruzi" |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | "Girlie O" |- | "Ifoto y'Igitsina" |- | "Girlie O (Remix)" <span style="font-size:85%;">(irimo Tiwa Savage )</span> |- | rowspan="4" | 2015 | "Daniella Whine" |- | "Umugore Wanjye" <span style="font-size:85%;">(irimo amakara ya Wande )</span> |- | "Gal Ting Riddim (Igipfukisho)" |- | "Kora Am" |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | "Urundi Rwego" |- | "Nta Gusomana Uruhinja" <span style="font-size:85%;">( rurimo Sarkodie )</span> | ''Imana hejuru ya byose'' |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | "Urukundo Urapfa" <span style="font-size:85%;">( rurimo Diamond Platnumz )</span>|rowspan="6" {{n/a|Non-Album Single}} |- | "Birashoboka" |- | rowspan="4" | 2018 | "Izuba Rirashe" |- | "Suh Bitandukanye" |- | "Kiza isi D" |- | "Buri munsi" |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | "Emeza" | rowspan="2" | ''Wilmer'' |- | "Lenge Lenge" |- | 2020 | "Ndi mu rukundo"|{{N/a|Non- Album single|color=Grey}} |} ; Kugaragara kw'abashyitsi {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Album |- | 2010 | "Baba"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Slimmz irimo Patoranking)</span> | rowspan="3" | Non- album single (alubumu itari imwe) |- | 2011 | "Oju Kan (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tupengo irimo Skales, Seriki, Reminisce, Phenom, Kel na Patoranking)</span> |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | "Ibihe byihutirwa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(WizzyPro irimo Runtown, Skales, na Patoranking)</span> |- | "Tonite" <span style="font-size:85%;">(hamwe na Faze )</span> |- | rowspan="12" | 2014 | "Yuda"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Chopstix irimo Endia na Patoranking)</span> | ''Parallax'' |- | "Lala BamBam"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ifeza Jae irimo Patoranking)</span>|rowspan="6" {{n/a|TBA}} |- | "Galilaya"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Karat Kid irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Murda"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Seyi Shay irimo Patoranking na Shaydee)</span> |- | "MoMo kare"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DJ Hazan arimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Undi"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sagga Lee irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Muri Da Club"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Abiz irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Hejuru"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Seriki irimo Patoranking)</span> | ''Ikarita ya Seriki'' |- | "Bami Mujo"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Henry Knight urimo Yung L na Patoranking)</span>|rowspan="4" {{n/a|TBA}} |- | "Salamualekun (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hakym irimo Reminisce na Patoranking)</span> |- | "Ushaka Ibindi"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CheekyChizzy irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Bosi Kpa Kpa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(XP irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | rowspan="12" | 2015 | "Shaba"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( DJ Xclusive irimo Patoranking & KCee)</span> | ''Kuri X.'' |- | "Condo"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(YCee irimo Patoranking)</span>| rowspan="11" {{n/a|TBA}} |- | "Buhoro buhoro (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Boybreed irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Lagos yacu"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pasuma Wonder irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Hustler (Freestyle)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(JoshBeatz arimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Royal"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Eddy Kenzo arimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Mubyinire neza" <br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DJ Shiru irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Kurura (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Stonebwoy irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Ibumoso"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Waje irimo Patoranking & Godwin Imirongo)</span> |- | "Undi munsi"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Halle irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Nta Kubeshya"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Khuli Chana irimo Patoranking)</span> |- | "Chukwuma (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Umusore GreyC urimo Patoranking)</span> |- | 2016 | "Kubintu byanjye (Remix)"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Emma Nyra arimo Patoranking)</span> |} == Gutanga ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | 2016 | rowspan="2" | AFRIMA | rowspan="2" | Umuhanzi mwiza wa Dancehall | rowspan="2" | We ubwe|{{won}} | |- | rowspan="6" | 2015|{{nom}} | |- | Ibihembo bya Vodafone Ghana | Umuhanzi nyafurika wumwaka | We ubwe|{{won}} | |- | rowspan="2" | Umutwe | Indirimbo nziza ya Pop | "Umugore Wanjye Byose"|{{nom}} | |- | Ibyiza bya Reggae / Inzu yo kubyina Ingaragu | "Daniella Whyne"|{{nom}} | |- | MTV Africa Music Awards | Amategeko mashya meza | We ubwe|{{won}} | |- | TooXlusive Online Music Awards | Indirimbo nziza ya Afropop | "Umugore Wanjye Byose"|{{won}} | |- | rowspan="17" | 2014 | rowspan="3" | Ben TV | Amategeko mashya meza | We ubwe|{{won}} | rowspan="3" | |- | Ubufatanye bwiza | We ubwe|{{won}} |- | Ibyiza bya Reggae / Imbyino | We ubwe|{{won}} |- | rowspan="5" | Umutwe wa 2014 | Ibikurikira | We ubwe|{{won}} | rowspan="5" | |- | rowspan="2" | Collabo nziza | "Girlie O Remix"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hagaragaramo Tiwa Savage )</span>|{{nom}} |- | "Ibihe byihutirwa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wizz Pro irimo Skales, Patoranking na Runtown)</span>|{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" | Ibyiza bya Reggae / Dancehall Ingaragu | "Girlie O Remix"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hagaragaramo Tiwa Savage)</span>|{{won}} |- | "Murda"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Seyi Shay irimo Shaydee na Patoranking)</span>|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 Umuyoboro O Amashusho Yumuziki | Impano nyinshi | rowspan="2" | "Girlie O (Remix)"|{{nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- | Impano nyinshi Ragga Dancehall|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" | Umujyi Wimyidagaduro Ibihembo | Dancehall / Reggae Itegeko ryumwaka | We ubwe|{{Won}} | |- | Indirimbo Yamamaye Yumwaka | rowspan="2" | "Allubarika"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hamwe na Timaya )</span>|{{Nominated}} | rowspan="2" | |- | Umwaka mwiza wumwaka|{{Nominated}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 Nigeriya Imyidagaduro | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyumwaka | rowspan="2" | We ubwe|{{won}} | |- | Umuhanzi wumugabo wumwaka|{{nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- | rowspan="2" | Ubufatanye bwiza | "Ibihe byihutirwa"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wizzy Pro irimo Runtown, Skales, na Patoranking)</span>|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | "Allubarika"<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hamwe na Timaya )</span>|{{nom}} |- | 2013 | Ibihembo bya muzika bya Nigeriya | Inzu nziza yo kubyina / Video ya Reggae|{{nom}} | |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya * Urutonde rwabantu Igbo * Urutonde rwabantu bo muri leta ya Ebonyi {{clear}} == Reba == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1a99omfyrlbprroi3yalsslzj97hagp 0 8518 77782 73584 2021-08-16T13:36:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wifi_certified_logo.png|thumb|Wi-fi ni umuryango w'amahame y'umuyoboro udafite umugozi]] [[Dosiye:Huawei-E5576-320-4G-Reise-Hotspot-LTE-Router.2.jpg|thumb|Agakoresho kifashishwa n'abatari bake kugirango babashe gukoresha internet.]] '''Wi-Fi''' ( /w aɪ f aɪ / ) ni umuryango w'amahame y'umuyoboro udafite umugozi, ushingiye ku Ishyirahamwe rinini rya tekinike ku isi mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga (IEEE ) 802,11, ukaba ukunze gukoreshwa n'urusobe rw' ibikoresho bya apareye z'ikoranabuhanga byo mu karere uherereyemo no kugira uruhare mu gukoresha Interineti. [[Dosiye:WIFI_Dornbirn_8.jpg|thumb|Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya imiyoboro ya internet -WIFI ]] 9l1hlbdht6drvnv7ejy95suzvefqf5s 0 8520 73590 2020-10-06T15:10:31Z Claude Nizeyimana 9185 Claude Nizeyimana moved page [[Claude Nizeyimana/sandbox]] to [[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda]] dcwny1sygv7tck4xkefp0rg6w7nw1o8 0 8523 81362 78302 2022-01-21T19:20:06Z НСНУ 10569 Masedoniya ya Ruguru, Timoro-Lesite, S. Sudan wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ [[Dosiye:Flag-map of the world.svg|center|thumb|520x520px|ibihugu]] == A == [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afelika ya Sudi]] - [[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]] - [[Alubaniya|Albania]] - [[Ubudage|Alemanyi]] - [[Aligeriya|Algeria]] - America (see United States) - [[Andora]] - [[Angola]] - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - [[Arumeniya|Armenia]] - [[Ositaraliya|Australia]] - [[Ositiriya|Autriche]] - Azawad - [[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] == B == Bahamas - [[Bahirayini|Bahrain]] - [[Bangaladeshi|Bangladesh]] - Barbados - [[Belarusi|Belarusia]] - Belgium - Belize - [[Bene|Benin]] - Bermuda - [[Butani|Bhutan]] - [[Boliviya|Bolivia]] - Bosnia and Herzegovina - [[Botswana]] - [[Burezile|Brazilia]] - [[Buruneyi|Brunei]] - [[Bulugariya|Balgaria]] - [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] - [[Mayanimari|Burma]] - [[Uburundi|Burundi]] == C == Canada - Central African Republic - Chad - [[Shili|Chile]] - People's Republic of China - Republic of China (''Taiwan'') - Colombia - Comoros - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly ''Zaire'') - Republic of the Congo - Costa Rica - [[Kote Divuwari|Côte d'Ivoire]] - Croatia - Cuba - [[Shipure|Cyprus]] - Czech Republic == D == Denmark - Djibouti - Dominica - Dominican Republic == E == Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - England (see [[Ubwongereza|Royaume-Uni]]) - Equatorial Guinea - [[Eritereya|Eritrea]] - [[Esipanye|Espania]] - [[Esitoniya|Estoni]] - Ethiopia == F == Fiji - [[Finilande|Finlandi]] - [[Ubufaransa|Fwalansa]] == G == [[Gana]] - [[Gambiya|Gambia]] - [[Geworugiya|Georgia]] - [[Ubugereki|Gelesi]] - Grenada - Guatemala - Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - [[Giyana|Guyana]] == H == Haiti - Hangu ([[Koreya y’Amajyaruguru|Hangu ya Node]], [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Hangu ya Sudi]]) - Holy See - Honduras - [[Hongiriya|Hongrie]] == I == [[Isilande|Islande]] - [[Ubuhinde|India]] - [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]] - [[Irani|Iran]] - [[Irake|Iraq]] - Irlande - [[Isirayeli|Israel]] - [[Ubutaliyani|Italia]] - Ivory Coast == J == Jamaica - [[Ubuyapani|Japan]] - [[Yorudani|Jordan]] == K == Kambodia - [[Kameruni|Kamerun]] - [[Kapu Veri|Kap Verde]] - [[Kazakisitani|Kazakhstan]] - [[Kenya]] - Kiribati - [[Koweti|Kuwait]] - [[Kirigizisitani|Kirgizstan]] == L == [[Lawosi|Laos]] - [[Lativiya|Latvia]] - [[Libani|Lebanon]] - [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] - [[Liberiya|Liberia]] - [[Libiya|Libia]] - [[Liyeshitensiteyine|Liechtenstein]] - [[Lituwaniya|Lietuva]] - [[Lugizamburu|Luxembourg]] == M == [[Masedoniya ya Ruguru]] - Isle of Man - Madagascar - [[Malawi]] - [[Malesiya|Malaysia]] - [[Malidivezi|Maldives]] - [[Mali]] - [[Malita|Malta]] - Marshall Islands - Mauritania - [[Morise|Mauritius]] - Mexico - Federated States of Micronesia - [[Molidova|Moldova]] - Monaco - Mongolia - [[Montenegoro|Monte Negro]] - Morocco - Mozambique - [[Mayanimari|Myanmar]] == N == [[Namibiya|Namibia]] - Nauru - [[Nepali|Nepal]] - The Netherlands - New Zealand (<nowiki><i id="mwsA">Aotearoa</i></nowiki>) - [[Gabon|Ngabu]] - Nicaragua - [[Nigeri|Niger]] - Nigeria - Niue - [[Noruveje|Norway]] - Nzadi - == O == [[Omani|Oman]] == P == [[Pakisitani|Pakistan]] - Palau - Palestine - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - [[Peru]] - [[Filipine|Philippines]] - [[Polonye|Pologne]] - [[Porutigali|Portugal]] - Puerto Rico == Q == [[Katari|Qatar]] == R == [[Romaniya|Romania]] - [[Ubwongereza|Royaume-Uni]] - [[Uburusiya|Rusia]] - [[Rwanda]] == S == Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Samoa - [[Mutagatifu Marino|Saint-Marin]] - [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|São Tomé e Príncipe]] - [[Arabiya Sawudite|Saudi Arabia]] - Scotland (see [[Ubwongereza|Royaume-Uni]]) - [[Senegali|Senangale]] - [[Seribiya|Serbie]] - [[Seyishele|Seychell]] - [[Siyera Lewone|Sierra Leone]] - [[Singapore]] - [[Silovakiya|Slovakia]] - [[Siloveniya|Slovenia]] - Solomon Islands - [[Somaliya|Somalia]] - [[Siri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] - South Sudan - [[Sudani|Sudan]] - [[Suwede|Suedi]] - [[Ubusuwisi|Suisi]] - Suriname - [[Eswatini|Swati]] - [[Siriya|Syria]] == T == Taiwan - [[Tajikisitani|Tajikistan]] - [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] - [[Tayilande|Thailand]] - [[Timoro-Lesite]] - [[Togo]] - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] - [[Turukiya|Turki]] - [[Turukimenisitani|Turkmenistan]] - Tuvalu == U == [[Ubugande|Uganda]] - Ukraine - [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|United Arab Emirates]] - United States of America - Uruguay - [[Uzubekisitani|Uzbekistan]] == V == Vanuatu - [[Vatikani|Vatican]] (''Holy See'') - Venezuela - [[Viyetinamu|Vietnam]] == W == Western Sahara == Y == [[Yemeni|Yemen]] == Z == [[Zambiya|Zambia]] - [[Zimbabwe]] == References == <references /> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6jy6ixldfnx4pxp8bwdy76yelq6vade 0 8524 73790 73618 2020-10-27T00:30:59Z Mrbobax 8233 Deleted an incompatible English infobox. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abamaasai''' ( /m ɑː s aɪ, m ɑː s aɪ / ) ni ubwoko bw' abanilotic batuye mu majyaruguru, hagati no mu majyepfo ya [[Kenya]] no mu majyaruguru ya [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] . Bari mu baturage bazwi cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera aho batuye hafi ya parike nyinshi z’imikino yo mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|biyaga bigari bya Afurika]], n'imigenzo yabo n'imyambarire yabo. <ref name="b">[http://www.bluegecko.org/kenya/tribes/maasai/ Maasai - Introduction] Jens Fincke, 2000–2003</ref> Abamasyai bavuga ururimi rwa Maa (ɔl Maa), rumwe mu zigize umuryango w’ururimi rwa Nilotic ufitanye isano n’indimi za Dinka, Kalenjin na Nuer . Usibye abasaza bamwe baba mu cyaro, abamasayi benshi bavuga indimi zemewe za Kenya na Tanzaniya, [[Igiswahili|Igiswahiri]] [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]] .  Abamasayi ibarura ryo muri 2019 ryagaragaje ko muri Kenya bangana na 1.189.522, ugereranyije ni 377.089 mw ibarura ryo 1989. leta za Tanzania na Kenya byatangije gahunda yo gushishikariza abamasayi kureka gakondo yabo ubuzima burangwa no guhora bimuka, ariko aba bakomeje imigenzo yabo yacyera. Amoko menshi ya abamasayi muri Tanzaniya na Kenya yishimira kwakira abashyitsi mu midugudu yabo kugira ngo bamenye umuco wabo, imigenzo, n'imibereho yabo, kugira ngo babone amafaranga. == Amateka == Abamasayi batuye mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika]] bahageze banyuze muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo . <ref name="Okothndaloh">A. Okoth & A. Ndaloh, ''Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies'', East African, p.60–61.</ref> Benshi mu bavuga ururimi rwa Nilotic muri kariya gace, barimo abamasayi, abaTurkana na abaKalenjin, ni abashumba, kandi bazwiho igitinyiro cyane kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuba indwanyi no gukirana n' amatungo. abamasayi n'andi matsinda yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bakiriye imigenzo n'imico bivuye mu matsinda aturanye nabo avuga ururimi rwigi Cushitike, harimo gahunda yo gushyiraho imyaka y'amashyirahamwe mbonezamubano, [[Gusiramura|gukebwa]], n imvugo. <ref name="Collins">Robert O. Collins, ''The southern Sudan in historical perspective'', (Transaction Publishers: 2006), p.9–10.</ref> <ref name="Wandi">S. Wandibba et al., p.19–20.</ref> === Inkomoko, kwimuka no kwivanga nandi moko === [[File:Maasai_man,_Eastern_Serengeti,_October_2006.jpg|right|thumb|Umugabo w' umumasayi]] Dukurikije amateka yabo yajyiye ahererekanwa mu mvugo, Abamasayi bakomotse mu kibaya cyo hepfo ya Nili mu majyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Turkana (mu majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba bwa Kenya) maze batangira kwimukira mu majyepfo ahagana mu kinyejana cya 15, bagera mu gice kinini cy’ubutaka buva mu majyaruguru y' icyahoze ari Kenya kugeza ubu kikaba ari Tanzaniya hagati yikinyejana cya 17 na nyuma yikinyejana cya 18. Amoko menshi yari yaramaze gushinga imidugudu muri kariya karere yimuwe ku gahato n' Abamasayi bari bahagezee, mugihe abandi, cyane cyane amatsinda y’Abashushitike bo mumajyepfo, yinjiye mu muryango w' Abamasayi . Abakurambere ba Nilotic baba Kalenjin nabo bakiriye bamwe mubaturage baba Cushitike. <ref>International Labour Office, ''Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: emerging trends'', (International Labour Organization: 2000), p.55.</ref> === Gutura muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba === Ifasi y' Abamasayi yageze ku bunini bwayo bushoboka hagati mu kinyejana cya 19,yaragendaga ikajyera mu kibaya kinini cya Rift ndetse n’ubutaka bwari buteganye nacyo ku musozi wa Marsabit mu majyaruguru kugera i [[Dodoma]] mu majyepfo. Muri iki gihe, Abamasayi , kimwe n'itsinda rinini ry' aba Nilotic bose babaga aho, borora inka kuva iburasirazuba ukajyenda ukagera ku nkombe za Tanga muri Tanganyika (ubu ni muri Tanzaniya). ibisambo byakoreshaga amacumu n'ingabo, ariko byari bitinyitse cyane kubera byari bizi gutera amacumu (orinka) byashoboraga kuyaterara muri metero 100 agahamya ku ntego. Mu 1852, hari raporo ivuga ko abarwanyi 800 b' abamasayi berekeje muri Kenya yubu. Mu 1857, nyuma yo kwuva mu "butayu bwa Wakuafi" mu cyahoze ari mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Kenya, abarwanyi babamasayi basatiriye Mombasa ku nkombe za Kenya. [[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_105-DOA0556,_Deutsch-Ostafrika,_Massaikrieger.jpg|thumb|Abarwanyi babamasayi muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba y' abadage, c. 1906–1918]] Kubera kwimuka, abamasayi ni bo bavuga cyane ururimi rw' abanyaNilotic yepfo . Igihe cyo kwaguka cyakurikiwe na Maasai "Emutai" yo mu 1883–1902. Iki gihe cyaranzwe n ibyorezo nka contegious bovine pleuropneumonia, rinderpest (reba 1890 African rinderpest epizootic ), n'ubushita . Ikigereranyo cyashyizwe ahagaragara bwa mbere n’umu liyetona w’umudage mu cyahoze ari amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Tanganyika, ni uko 90% by’inka na kimwe cya kabiri cy’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi zazize rinderpest. Abaganga b'Abadage bo muri ako gace bavuze ko "buri segonda" umunyafurika yazanaga ibidomo kwisura biturutse k' ubushita. Iki gihe cyahuriranye n’amapfa. Mu 1897 na 1898 imvura yarabuze burundu. Umushakashatsi wo [[Ositiriya|muri Ositarariya]] Oscar Baumann ubutaka bw' abamasayi hagati y' 1891 ni 1893, maze asobanura ugutura kw' abamasayi mu gace ka Ngorongoro mu gitabo cyo 1894 cyitwa ''Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle'' ("through the lands of massai to the source of Nile"): " Hari abagore bashizemo ari amagufwa yanamye gusa mumaso yabo yuzuye inzara igaragara ... abarwanyi no gukururuka ntibabishoboraga, hamwe nabasaza bintejye nke batagifite na kimwe bitayeho. Ibisiga byinshi byabakurikiranye kuva hejuru, bategereje abahohotewe. " Ugereranyije, bibiri bya gatatu by' abamasayi bapfuye muri iki gihe. Guhera ku masezerano yo mu 1904, akurikirwa n'andi yo mu 1911, ubutaka bwa abamasayi muri Kenya bwagabanutseho 60% igihe Abongereza babirukanaga kugira ngo babone aho bubakira abimukira, nyuma babashyira ahitwa samburu Samburu, Laikipia, Kajiado n' Uturere twa Narok. abamasayi muri Tanganyika (ubu ni Tanzaniya) bimuwe mu butaka burumbuka hagati y'umusozi wa Meru n'umusozi wa Kilimanjaro, ndetse n'imisozi miremire irumbuka hafi ya Ngorongoro mu myaka y' 1940. bambuwe ubutaka bwinshi bujyirwa ibyanya byo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima na parike z’igihugu: Parike y’igihugu ya Amboseli, Parike ya Nairobi, Maasai Mara, Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Samburu, Pariki y’ikiyaga cya Nakuru na Tsavo muri Kenya; n'ikiyaga cya Manyara, Agace ko kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ka Ngorongoro, Tarangire na Parike y'igihugu ya Serengeti ahahoze ari Tanzaniya. abamasayi ni aborozi kandi banze icyifuzo cya guverinoma ya Tanzaniya na Kenya cyo kubahindurira ubuzima. Basabye uburenganzira bwo kuragirira muri parike nyinshi z’igihugu mu bihugu byombi. Abamasayi barwanyije ubucakara kandi babana ninyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi ntabwo bahiga cyangwa ngo barye inyoni. Ubutaka bw' abamasayi ubu bufite uduce twiza two guhingiramo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba. Umuryango w' abamasayii ntiwigeze wihanganira igurishwa ry' abantu, kandi abantu bashakaga abacakara birinze abamasayi. Mubyukuri hari imirenge makumyabiri n' ibiri cyangwa amoko mato yumuryango w' abamasayi, buri umwe ufite imigenzo, isura, ubuyobozi n'imvugo yawo. Iyi mitwe izwi ku izina ry' 'ishyanga' cyangwa 'iloshon' mu rurimi rwa Maa: aba Keekonyokie, Damat, Purko, Wuasinkishu, Siria, Laitayiok, Loitai, Kisonko, Matapato, Dalalekutuk, Loodokolani, Kaputiei, Moitanik, Ilkirasha, Samburu Laikipia, Loitokitoki, Larusa, Salei, Sirinket na Parakuyo. == jenetike == Iterambere ryagezweho mu isesengura rishingiye kuri jenetike ryafashije mu kumenya iremwa ry'amok yabamasayi. jenetike ishingiye ku bisekuruza , igikoresho gikoresha gene z'abaturage b' ubu kugirango bakurikirane ubwoko bwabo n’ igice cy' Isi bakomokamo, byafashije kandi gusobanura ahahise h' abamasayi bubu. === ADN ya Autosomal === ADN ya autosomal y' abamasayi yasuzumwe mubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwakozwe na Tishkoff n'abandi. (2009) mu kujyereranya jenetike y' abaturage batandukanye bo muri Afurika. Nk’uko abanditsi b’ubwo bushakashatsi babitangaza ngo abamasyi "bagumyek' umuco wabo imbere y’iterambere ryinshi ry imiterere y ibinyabuzima". Tishkoff n'abandi beerekanye kandi ko: "Benshi mu baturage bavuga ururimi rwa Nilo-Sahara muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, nk' abamasayi, berekana imirimo myinshi iva muri Nilo-Sahara [...] na Cushitike [. . . ] AACs, hajyendewe ku bimenyetso by' indimi kenshi abaNilotic b' injije Abanyakushi kuva mu myaka 3000 ishize kandi ku kigero cyo hejuru bahuje imihindagurikire y' umubiri yabanyafurica y' iburasirazuba yo kwihanganira ikinyabutabire cyo mu mata cyitwa lactose. " === Y-DNA === Ubushakashatsi kuri Y chromosome bw' akozwe na Wood et al. (2005).ku baturage batandukanye bo munsi y' ubutayu bwa sahara,harimo abamasayi 26 b' abagabo bo muri kenya bapima amasano y' ibisekuruza by' ababyeyi babagabo. Abanditsi barebeye hamwe haplogroup (amatsinda y' abantu bahuje igisekuruza) E1b1b -M35 (ntabwo M78) muri 35% y' abamasayi bapimwe,. E1b1b-M35-M78 muri 15%, abakurambere babo higanjemo abagabo benshi bo majyaruguru ya Cushitike, babayeho hashize imyaka irenga 13 000. Igisekuru cya kabiri cyakanza cyane mubamasyi ni Haplogroup A3b2, ikunze kuboneka mu baturage ba baNilotic, nka Alur ; byagaragaye muri 27% by'abagabo ba abamasayii. Ikimenyetso cya gatatu cy iganza cyane ku turemanyjingo ADN kubabyeyi babagabo mu bamasayi ni E1b1a1-M2 (E-P1), ikunze kugaragara cyane mu karere ka Sahara; yabonetse muri 12% by' ibipimo byafashwe mu bamasayi. Haplogroup B-M60 yagaragaye mu bamasayi 8% , nayo iboneka muri 30% (16/53) yabanyaNilote bo muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo. === ADN ya mitochondial === Nkurikije ubushakashatsi bwa mtDNA bwakozwe na Castri n'abandi. (2008), hapimwe abamasayi muri Kenya, mu gisekuruza cy' ababyeyi babagore babamasayi basanze harimo uruvangitirane cyane, ariko nta tandukaniro rinini nandi moko y' abaturage babaNilo-Hamitic mu karere, nkaba Samburu .mu bamasayi benshi bapimwe bari abo mu matsinda atandukanye ya macro-haplogroup L sub-clade, harimo L0, L2, L3, L4 na L5 . tumwe mu turemanjyingo tw' ababyeyi babagore duturuka muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba natwo baratubonye, cyane cyane ko hari ubwoko bw' ijyisekuruza mtDNA haplogroup M hafi ya 12.5% by'ibipimo byafashwe muba masayii. == Umuco == [[File:Crocuta_vs_Maasai_2.png|left|thumb|Abarwanyi ba Maasai bahanganye nimpyisi, nkuko bafotowe muri wildest ''Africa'' (1907)]] Umuryango w' abamasayi umugabo niwe uba ari umutware muri kamere, aho nabasaza, rimwe na rimwe bifatanya nabasaza bacyuye igihe, bagahitamo ibikorwa byingenzi kuri buri tsinda rya abamasayi. Imbumbe y' amategeko nyamvugo akubiyemo ingingo nyinshi z' imyitwarire. ntabwo bizwi niba hari igihano cyo kwicwa bajyira, kandi mubisanzwe kwishyura inka nibyo bicyemura amakimbirane. Inzira yo hanze yurukiko nayo irakoreshwa yitwa ''amitu'', 'gushaka amahoro' birimo gusaba imbabazi. basenga imana imwe yitwa ''Enkai'' cyangwa ''Engai'' . Engai ifite kamere ebyiri: Engai Narok (Imana Yirabura) ni umugwaneza, naho Engai Na-nyokie (Imana Itukura) n iman y' ihorera. Hariho kandi inkingi ebyiri za societe ya abamasayi: Oodo Mongi, Inka itukura na Orok Kiteng, Inka yumukara igabanijwemo imiryango itanu cyangwa. abamasayi kandi bajyira inyamaswa baziririza, ikaba ntare; ariko, iyo nyamaswa ishobora kwicwa. Uburyo abamasyi bica intare butandukanye no guhiga hagamijwe kwishimisha kuko bikoreshwa mumihango yo kuva mu cyiciro cyimwe ujya mukindi. "Umusozi w'Imana", Ol Doinyo Lengai, uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Tanzaniya kandi ushobora kuwubona uri ku kiyaga cya Natron mu majyepfo ya Kenya. Umukuru mu myizerere ya kiMasayi ni '''laibon''' mu nshingano ze harimo ubuvuzi bwa gihanga, kuragura no guhanura, no kwemeza intsinzi mu ntambara cyangwa imvura ihagije. Uyu munsi, bafite uruhare rwa politiki rwiyonger kuri izo nshingano zindi kimwe kubera abayobozi. Imbaraga zose laibon yarafite zari zishingiye ku oko yabaga ateye ku giti cye aho gushingira kuri uwo mwanya. Benshi mu bamasayi bayobotse [[Ubukirisitu|ubukristu]] nubuyisilamu . abamasayi kujyira imitako itoroshye kandi mu myaka mirongo, bagurishije uwo mutungo kuri ba mukerarugendo nkubucuruzi. [[File:Maasai_Enkang_and_Hut.JPG|right|thumb|abamasayi n 'abahut kuri bariyeri ya enkang muburasirazuba bwa Serengeti, 2006]] Umubare wo hejuru w’impfu z’abana mu bamasayi watumye abana batamenyekana rwose kugeza bageze ku mezi 3 ''ilapaitin'' . Kwigisha abagore ba bamasayi gukoresha amavuriro n'ibitaro mugihe batwite byatumye impinja nyinshi zibaho.cyeretse mu bice biri kure cyane. Ku bamasayi kubaho ubuzima gakondo, iherezo ryubuzima usanga rwose nta mihango, kandi abapfuye babarecyera aho bakaribwa n' inkongoro . Umurambo wanzwe n' inkongoro ufatwa nkaho ufite imiziro, kandi ufatwa nk' uwateza umwaku; kubwibyo rero,nibisanzwe ko imibiri itwikirwa ibinure n'amaraso bivuye ku kimasa cya kinjwe . <ref name="attitudes">''Cultural and Public Attitudes: Improving the Relationship between Humans and Hyaenas'' from Mills, M.g.L. and Hofer, H. (compilers). (1998) ''Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. vi + 154 pp.''</ref> Gushyingura mu bihe byashize byahariwe abatware bakomeye, kubera ko bakekaga ko byangiza ubutaka. Imibereho gakondo y' abamasayi ishingiye ku nka [[Inka|nka]], zikaba ariyo soko yabo yibanze yibiryo. Ubutunzi bwumugabo bupimirwa ku nka nabana afite. Ubushyo bwinka 50 burubahwa, kandi uko abana baba benshi nibyiza. Umugabo ufite kimwe muri ibi akabura ikindi afatwa nkumucyene. Imyizerere ishingiye ku idini ya' abamasayi ivuga ko Imana yabahaye inka zose zo ku isi, biganisha ku myizerere ivuga ko gushimuta inka mu yandi moko ari uburyo bwo kwisubiza ibyabo mu nzira ziciye mu mucyo, ariko uyu umuco ntabwo umenyerewe cyane. Abamasyi ibyo kurya byose bakenera babibona kunka. Barya inyama, banywa amata buri munsi, kandi banywa amaraso rimwe na rimwe. Ibimasa, ihene, nintama bibagwamo inyama mu bihe bidasanzwe no mumihango. Nubwo ubuzima bwabamasyi bwose bwagiye bushingira ku matungo yabo, vuba aha hamwe n’inka zabo zigenda zigabanuka, abamasayi bakuze batunzwe n’ibiribwa nk'amasaka, umuceri, ibirayi n' amashu (bizwi nabamasayi nk'amababi y'ihene). <ref>Nelson, Jimmy. The Maasai Tribe. Beforethey.com</ref> === Ingaruka zituruka ku mico yo hanze === [[File:Ludzie06(js).jpg|left|thumb|Abagore bamasayi basana inzu muri Maasai Mara (1996)]] [[File:Maasai_man_riding_a_motorcycle_(close_up).jpg|left|thumb|umumasayi atwaye moto (2014)]] Imibereho gakondo yubushumba yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi kubera gukururwa n' ibijyezweho. Inyandiko ya Garrett Hardin, igaragaza "ibyago bya rubanda rugufi bitewe nubugugu bwa bamwe", ndetse na " cattle complex" ya Melville Herskovits byafashije abashakashatsi ku bidukikije ndetse n’abafata ibyemezo ku byerekeye ingaruka mbi abashumba ba abamasayi bateza akarere ka savannah. Iki gitekerezo cyaje kugaragara ko ari ibinyoma n’abahanga mu bumenyi bwa muntu ariko kiracyashinze imizi mu bitekerezo by’ abashakashatsi mu bidukikije ndetse n’abayobozi ba Tanzaniya. <ref name="Sustain">McCabe, Terrence. (2003). "Sustainability and livelihood diversification among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania". Human Organization. Vol 62.2. pp. 100–111.</ref> Ibi byatumye abafata ibyemezo b’abakoloni babongereza mu 1951 bakura abamasayi bose muri parike y’igihugu ya Serengeti nuko babashyira mu turere two mu gace ka Ngorongoro conservation area (NCA). Gahunda ya NCA yari iyo gushyira inyungu zabamasayi hejuru y'ibindi byose, ariko iri sezerano ntiryigeze ryuzuzwa. Ikwirakwizwa rya virusi itera SIDA ryari ryinshi. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage babamasayii, gutakaza umubare w'inka bitewe n indwara, no kubura aho kuziragira kubera imbibi nshya za parike ndetse no gutura mu midugudu no guhinga kw'andi moko, abamasayi bahatiwe guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo kwibeshaho. Benshi muri bo batangiye guhinga ibigori nibindi bihingwa kugirango babeho, igikorwa bafataga nabi mu muco wabo. <ref name="Sustain">McCabe, Terrence. (2003). "Sustainability and livelihood diversification among the Maasai of Northern Tanzania". Human Organization. Vol 62.2. pp. 100–111.</ref> Guhinga byatangijwe bwa mbere mu bamasayi n’abagore ba bWaArusha na bWaMeru bimuwe mu byabo bashakanye n’abagabo babamasayi; ibisekuru byakurikiyeho byabayeho ubuzima bwo guhinga no korora. Imibereho yabo yarushijeho kugorana, mu 1975 Ngorongoro conservation area yabujije ibikorwa byo guhinga. Kugirango babeho bahatirwa kugira uruhare mu bukungu bw'amafaranga ya Tanzaniya. Bagombaga kugurisha amatungo yabo n'imiti gakondo kugirango bagure ibiryo. Kubuza guhinga byavanyweho mu 1992 kandi guhinga byongeye kuba igice cyingenzi mu mibereho ya abamasayi. Imipaka ya parike no kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ubutaka byakomeje kugabanya aho barajyira,Byatumye bahinduka cyane. <ref>Goodman, Ric. (2002). "Pastoral livelihoods in Tanzania: Can the Maasai benefit from conservation?" Current Issues in Tourism. Vol 5.3,4. P.280–286.</ref> Mu myaka yashize, imishinga myinshi yatangiye gufasha abayobozi b'imiryango yaabamasayi kubona uburyo bwo kubungabunga imigenzo yabo ndetse ikanahuza uburezi bw'abana babo kubw' isi ya none. Ubwoko bushya bw' imirimo mu baturage babamasayi burimo ubuhinzi, ubucuruzi (kugurisha imiti gakondo, resitora / amaduka, kugura no kugurisha amabuye y'agaciro, kugurisha amata n' ibiyakimokaho, kudoda imitako), n' akazi k' umushahara (nk'abashinzwe umutekano / abita kubakiriya, abayobora ba mukerarugendo), n'abandi bakora ibikorwa bya leta n'abikorera. Abamasayi benshi bavuye mu buzima bwo guhora bimuka bajya mu myanya y' ubucuruzi no muri guverinoma. Nyamara nubwo ubuzima bwo mu mijyi bugoye bashobora kuyobora, benshi bazishimira kwerekeza murugo bambaye imyenda idoze, gusa bazava murugo mu mwambaro gakondo bita shuka (umwenda wamabara), inkweto za sandari kandi bitwaje inkoni (o-rinka ) - bayakiriye. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Imibanire mu muryango mugari == [[File:Young_Maasai_Warrior.jpg|right|thumb|umumasayi w' umwana witegura kuba indwanyi]] Igice nyamukuru cy' umuryango mugari w' abamasayi kumyaka umuntu aba afite. Abahungu bato boherezwa hamwe ninyana nintama vuba bishoboka, ariko ubwana bwabahungu ahanini babumara bakina, usibye imihango bakora kugirango bagerageze ubutwari no kwihangana byabo. Abakobwa bashinzwe imirimo nko guteka no gukama, ubuhanga bigira kuri ba nyina bakiri bato. Buri myaka 15 cyangwa irenga, hatangizwa ikiragano gishya cyaba Morans cyangwa Il-murran (abarwanyi). Haba harimo abahungu benshi bari hagati yimyaka 12 na 25, bageze mubugimbi kandi bagomba kuba batari bari mukiragano gishize. Umuhango umwe wo kuva mubuhungu ujya kumurwanyi muto ni umuhango wo [[Gusiramura|gukebwa]] bikorwa nta kinya. Muri iki gihe cya none, abahungu batuye hafi yimijyi hamwe nabaganga bashobora kwitabira iyi mihango batekanye, ariko nyamara nta nyinya babatera nubundi kuko bagomba kwihanganira ububabare buzabageza kubugabo. Uyu muhango mubusanzwe ukorwa nabakuru, bakoresha icyuma gityaye. Umuhungu agomba kwihanganira iki gikorwa acecetse. Kugaragaza ububabare bizana igisebo.kwikanga kwose gushobora gutera ikosa muri iki gikorwa gisaba kwitonda cyane, bishobora kukuviramo inkovu ubuzima bwawe bwose, gutakaza ubushobozi, no kubabara. ukira hagati y' amezi 3-4, muri iki gihe kwihagaririka birababaza kandi bikanga rimwe na rimwe, kandi abahungu bagomba kuguma bambaye imyenda yumukara mugihe cyamezi 4-8. Muri iki gihe, abasore bashya bakebwe batura muri "manyatta", "umudugudu" wubatswe na ba nyina. Manyatta nta bariyeri iyizengurutse yo kuyirinda, ishimangira uruhare rw'indwanyi rwo kurinda abaturage. Nta kraal y'imbere yubatswe, kubera ko abarwanyi batagira inka cyangwa ngo bakore imirimo y'ububiko. bisaba Indi mihango mbere yo kugera ku rwego rwindwanyi nkuru, bikarangirara mu birori bya eunoto, "ukuza kwimyaka". Iyo hatangijwe igisekuru gishya cy'abarwanyi, Il-murran irihoizamurwa mu cyiciro cyisumbuyeho, bagashingwa ibyemezo bya politiki kugeza igihe bazagera ku kiciro cyabakuru. Iyu muhango wo kuva kumurwanyi ujya kumukuru muto ibera mu muhuro munini witwa Eunoto. abahoze ari indwanyi bakata umusatsi wabo muremure ; abakuru bo baba bafite agasatsi gacyei. Indwanyi ntizemerewe kuryamana nabagore bakebwe,ariko bashobora gucudika n' abakobwa bataracyebwa. Kuri Eunoto, abarwanyi bashoboye kubahiriza iri tegeko barashimirwa byumwihariko. Abarwanyi bamara umwanya munini ubu bagenda hirya no hino kubutaka bw' abamasayi, no kurenga imbibi zabo. Bagira uruhare runini mu gucuruza inka kuruta uko byari bisanzwe, guteza imbere ubucuruzi no guhahirana aho kwiba nk'uko byahoze. hari imyizerere yo gukabya ko buri musore wumumasayi agomba kwica intare atarakebwa. Guhiga intare byari igikorwa cyahise, ariko byarabujijwe mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika - nyamara intare ziracyahigwa iyo zishe amatungo yabamasayi, kandi abarwanyi bato bishora mu kwica intare mu migenzo gakondo ntibagira ingaruka zikomeye. Kwiyongera kw impujyenjye kubijyanye nubuzima bw'intare byatumye byibura habaho gahunda yo kwaka indishyi iyo intare yishe amatungo, aho guhiga no kwica intare yabikoze. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kwica intare biha agaciro gakomeye nubwamamare uwabikoze mubaturage. Abakobwa bakiri bato nabo bahura nikibazo cyo gukebwa kw'abagore, "emorata"mu rwego rwo gukora umuhango urambuye w'imihango yiswe "Emuatare," umuhango winjiza abakobwa babamasayi mu kiciro cyabakuze binyuze mu mihango yo gukebwa hanyuma bagashyingirwa bakiri bato. abamasayi bemeza ko gukebwa kwabagore ari ngombwa kandi abagabo babamasayi bashobora kwanga umugore uwo ari we wese utarigeze abikora kuko adashyingirwa cyangwa agakobwa ibyagaciro gake. Muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, abagore batakebwe, ndetse n'abadepite bize cyane nka Linah Kilimo, barashobora gushinjwa kuba badakuze bihagije ku buryo badahabwa agaciro. Ku bandi umuco wo gukebwa kw'abagore uzwi nko guca imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore, kandi ukanengwa cyane haba mu mahanga ndetse n'abagore benshi babikorewe, nk'umuntu uharanira inyungu zabamasayii, Agnes Pareyio . muri iki gihe bisigaye bikorwa mu magambo aho birangwa no kuririmba no kubyina mu mwanya wo gukebwa. Nyamara, iki gikorwa gikomeza gushinga imizi kandi kigahabwa agaciro numuco. Ijambo rya Maa ryo gukebwa, "emorata," rikoreshwa ku gukebwa kwigitsina gore nigitsina gabo. Gukata imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore ntibyemewe muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. Uku gukebwa mubusanzwe bikorwa nuwatumiwe udakunze kuba ari umumasayi, akenshi aba avuye mumatsinda yaba Dorobo . Ibyuma bakoresha biba byatatswe n'abacuzi, Kimwe nabasore, abakobwa bazakebwa bambara imyenda yijimye,bakishushanyaho ibimenyetso bakoresheje amarangi, hanyuma bagapfuka mu maso iyo imihango irangiye. Abagore bubatse batwite basonewe imirimo yose iremereye nko gukama no gutashya. Imibonano mpuzabitsina nayo irabujijwe kandi hari amategeko yihariye akoreshwa ku bagore batwite. [[File:We_Rule_the_School.jpg|thumb|Ishuri rya abamasayimuri Tanzaniya]] abamasayi mubisanzwe batunga abagore benshi ; ibi bikekwa ko babikora kubera umubare munini wimfu z’abana bato n’abarwanyi. Polyandry nayo irakorwa. Ariko, muri iyi minsi ibi byarahagaze. Umugore ntabwo arongora umugabo we gusa ahubwo itsinda ry ikiciro kimyaka. Abagabo biteganijwe ko batanga uburiri bwabo ku mushyitsi uri mukiciro cyimwe cyimyaka nawe; ariko ibi nabyo ntibigikorwa. Umugore niwe wihitiramo niba ararana numugabo wasuye. Umwana uwo ari we wese ushobora kuvamo ni umwana wumugabo nabazamukomokaho. ubwoko bwa gatanya burashoboka iyo umugore yahukaniye kwa se, ubusanzwe kubera gufata nabi umugore cyane. Kwishura inkwano, kurera abana, nibindi, byumvikanyweho. <ref>Spencer, P. (1988) ''The Maasai of Matapato: a study of rituals of rebellion'' Manchester University Press, Manchester. Spencer, P. (2003) ''Time, Space, and the Unknown: Maasai configurations of power and providence.'' Routledge, London.</ref> == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Maasai-Adumu.jpg|left|thumb|Imbyino yo gusimbuka gakondo]] Umuziki wabamasayi usanzwe ugizwe ninjyana zitangwa n' ibitero byabaririmbyi baririmba bahigima mugihe umuyobozi windirimbo, aririmba ijwi ryingenzi. umuolaranyani mubusanzwe numuririmbyi ushobora kuririmba neza iyo ndirimbo, nubwo abantu benshi bashobora kuyobora indirimbo. umuolaranyani atangira aririmba umurongo cyangwa umutwe (namba) windirimbo. Itsinda rikikiririza rimwe, kandi umuolaranyani aririmbirambana nabandi ariko akabasimbya ijwi. Buri ndirimbo ifite imiterere yihariye ya namba ishingiye kumuhamagaro-no-kwitaba . Injyana isanzwe ni itandukaniro rya 5/4, 6/4 na 3/4 umukono wigihe. indirimbo iba yanditse ishingiye ku ngingo runaka kandi amagambo aguma yisubiramo. Kugenda kw'ijosi biherekeza kuririmba. Iyo uhumeka umutwe wegamiye imbere. Umutwe bawuhengekera inyuma kujyira basohore umwuka imbere. Muri rusange iyo bari rimba uba wumva ari amajwi menshi ajyenda asimburana. Bitandukanye nandi moko menshi yo muri Afrika,abamasayi bakoresha cyane drone polyphony. <ref>[[Joseph Jordania]]. [[Why do People Sing? Music in Human Evolution]]. Logos. Pg 17</ref> Abagore baririmba lullabies, indirimbo zirangwa no guhigimba, n'indirimbo zisingiza abahungu babo. Nambas, barimba bahamara banitabana, mwijwi rimwe,usanga basubiramo interuro imwe nyuma ya buri gitero aho bikiriza nijwi rijyiye hasi n'abaririmbyi basubiza ibitero byabo bwite ni ibiranga kuririmba kw' abagore. Iyo abagore benshi babamasayi bateraniye hamwe, baririmba bakabyina hagati yabo. Kimwe mubidasanzwe kumiterere yijwi ryumuziki wa abamasayi nugukoresha ihembe rya greater kudu kugirango uhamagare abamorans mumihango ya Eunoto. Kuririmba no kubyina byombi rimwe na rimwe bibera hafi ya manyattas, kandi usanga harimo no gureshyanya. Abasore bakora umurongo kandi bakaririmbe mu injyana, "Oooooh-yah", bijyana no guhigima no gukorora hamwe no kuzunguza igice cy umubiri cyo hepfo. Abakobwa bahagarara imbere yabagabo bakabyinisha igice cyo hepfo banaririmba "Oiiiyo..yo" mukajwi ko hejuru bitandukanye nabagabo. Nubwo imibiri yegerana cyane, ntabwo ikoranaho. Eunoto,imihango yindwanyi, ishobora kumara iminsi 10 ,yo kuririmba kubyina n'imigenzo. Abarwanyi ba Il-Oodokilani bakora ubwoko urugendo na '''adumu''', cyangwa aigus, rimwe na rimwe bita "imbyino yo gusimbuka" nabatari abamasayi. (Adumu na aigus zombi ni inshinga za Maa zisobanura "gusimbuka" hamwe na adumu bisobanura "Gusimbuka hejuru no kubyina". ) Indwanyi zirazwi cyane, kandi akenshi zifotorwa mugihe,muri aya marushanwa yo gusimbuka. Abarwanyi baca uruziga, noneho umwe cyangwa babiri icyarimwe bakinjira hagati kugirango batangire gusimbuka batarenga uruziga, agatsinsino kabo kadakora hasi. Abagize itsinda bazamura ijwi ryabo bakurikije uburebure bwo gusimbuka. Abakobwa b'inshuti zabamoran (inyie) bitambajyiza mumyambaro myiza yabonka kimwe mu bigize eunoto. Ababyeyi babamoran baririmba bakabyina bishimira ubutwari no gutinyuka kwabahungu babo. == Guhindura umubiri == [[File:Maasai_woman_with_stretched_ears.jpg|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi wakweduye amatwi]] Gupfumura no gukwedura amatwi nubintu bisanzwe mubamasayi nandi moko. Bakoresha ibikoresho bitadukanye muri iki gikorwa harimo amahwa mugupfumura, ibiti, amabuye, amenyo yinzovu nakabindi. abamasayi bacye bacye cyane cyane abahungu nibo bakora uyu muhango. abagore bambara imitako yamasaro kumatwi bapfumuye. gukura yamabwene abana bato bikorwa nabamasayi bo muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. abamasayi bafite imyizerere ikomeye ivuga ko impiswi, kuruka nizindi ndwara zoroheje zo mu bwana ziterwa no kubyimba kwishinya yo kumabwene, bakeka ko haba harimo inzoka. Iyi myizerere n'imikorere ntabwo byihariye mubamasayi. Mu cyaro cya Kenya hasuzumwe itsinda ry’abana 95 bafite hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka ibiri mu 1991/92. 87% wasangaga barakuwe amabwene. Mu itsinda ryabafite hagati yimyaka 3-7, 72% mubana 111 basanze nabo barayakuwe. == Indyo == [[File:Maasai_man_with_cattle.jpg|left|thumb|400x400px|Umushumba uragiye amatungo ye muri Ngorongoro, ]] Ubusanzwe, indyo yabamasayi yari igizwe n'inyama mbisi, amata adatetse, n'amaraso by' i[[Inka|nka]] . Menya ko inka zabamasayi ziri mubwoko bwa Zebu . Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1935, Dr. Weston A. Price yasuye abamasayi maze avuga ko nk'uko Dr. Anderson wo mu bitaro by’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze muri Kenya yabibinye amoko menshi adafite indwara. Benshi nta burwayi nabucye bwamenyo bari bafite . By'umwihariko abamasayi bari hasi ya 0.4% nibo bari bafite ikibazo cyo kubora kw' amenyo. Yavuze ko biterwa nimirire yabo mirire yabo igizwe (ukurikije ingano) amata adatetse, amaraso, inyama mbisi n'imboga n'imbuto zimwe na zimwe, nubwo mu midugudu myinshi batarya imbuto cyangwa imboga na gato. Yavuze ko buri mwana ukura ndetse n’umugore utwite cyangwa wonsa bahahabwa buri munsi amaraso iyo ahari. Dr. Weston A. Price yavuze kandi ko guverinoma yashyizeho ingufu mu 1935 kugira ngo abamasayi bajye mubuhinzi . Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na ILCA (Nestel 1989) bugira buti: "Uyu munsi, indyo yuzuye yabamasayi igizwe n'amata y'inka n' ibigori. Igikoma gikomeye kizwi nka [[Ubugari|ugali]] kandi kiribwana n'amata; bitandukanye n' igikoma cy'amazi, ugali ntabwo itegurwa n'amata. Amavuta yinyamanswa akoreshwa muguteka, cyane cyane igikoma, ibigori, nibishyimbo. Amavuta kandi ni ibiryo byingenzi by'uruhinja. " Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubworozi muri Afurika (Bekure et al. 1991) bwerekana impinduka nini cyane mu mirire yabamasayi aho basigaye bakoresha nibindi bidakomoka kumatungo kn'ibigori bigize 12-39 ku ijana n' isukari 8–13 ku ijana; umuntu umwe anywa hafi litiro imwe y'amata ku munsi. Amenshi mu mata akoreshwa nk'amata avuze cyangwa amavuta. mu bipimo byose bakoresha amata ku rwego rwo hejurui.ibi bituma bobonamo ibyubaka umubiri bihajyije. Nyamara, fer, niacin, vitamine C, vitamine A, thiamine nibitanga ingufu ntabwo babibona mumata gusa. Bitewe nuko ibintu bigenda bihinduka, cyane cyane ibihe amata abonekera n amapfa akunze kubaho kenshi, abashumba benshi, harimo nabamasayi, ubu basigaye barya ibiryo nibihajyije ingano. Ubushyo bwihene nintama zabamasayi, harimo intama zitukura zabamasayi, hamwe ninka zagaciro. Ibizamini bya Electrocardiogram byakoreshejwe ku basore 400 bakuze babamasayi basanze nta kimenyetso na kimwe cy’indwara z'umutima, ubumuga cyangwa imikorere mibi yumubiri. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri karubone-ya14 bwerekanye ko impuzandengo ya cholesterol iri hafi ya 50 ku ijana ugereranije niyumunyamerika. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko umubiri muzima bafite ari ukubere morans. Isupu birashoboka ko bwo bwiza kuruta ibindi abamasayi babinye bwo kurya ibimera. ''Acacia nilotica nikimera'' gikoreshwa cyane. Igishishwa cyumuzi cyangwa uruti birabizwa mumazi hanyuma umazi avuyemo bakanywa yonyine cyangwa bakayavanga nisupu. abamasayi bakunda gufata iki kinyobwa nkumuti, kandi kizwiho kubatera imbaraga no kudatinyuka. abamasayi barya isupu ivanze n'ibishishwa bisharira n'imizi irimo saponine igabanya cholesterol; abo mu mijyibadafite ibimera bisharira bakunda kurwara umutima. <ref>National Geographic Oct. 1995, page 161</ref> imbuto zigize igice kinini cyibiryo biribwa nabana nabagore baba bacunze inka kimwe na mabamorani. Kuvanga amaraso yinka, aboneka mugutobora imitsi yazo, n'amata bikorwa mugutegura ikinyobwa cyimihango muminsi mikuru idasanzwe kandi nkintungamubiri kubarwayi. Ariko, gukoresha amaraso mumirire gakondo biragenda bigabanuka kubera kugabanuka kwamatungo. muri iki gihe abamasayi basigaye batunzwe cyane nibiryo biturutse ahandi nk'ibigori, umuceri, ibirayi, amashu n'ibindi. abamasayi batuye hafi y'abahinzi-borozi nabo bayobotse ubuhinzi nkuburyo bwibanze bwo kubaho. Muri utu turere, ingano yikibanza ntabwo iba ari nini kuburyo yakwirwaho amashyo yinyamaswa; bityo abamasayi bahatirwa guhinga. == Amazu == [[File:Maasai_shelter.jpg|right|thumb|inzu ihomesheje amase yinka ]] Nkabantu bazwiho guhora bimuka mumateka , abamasayi basanzwe bashingira kubikoresho byaho, byoroshye kuboneka hamwe nikoranabuhanga kavukire kugirango bubake amazu yabo. Inzu gakondo yabamasayi yubakagwa hagendewe ko bahora bimuka bityo ntabwo yamaraga igihe.aya mazu yabaga yenda kumera nkurukiramende, kandi yubatswe nabagore babishoboye. yabaga afite inkingi zibiti zishinze mubutaka kandi hasobekeranyijemo udushami duto tw' ibiti,nyuma bagahomesha imvange yicyondo, inkoni, ibyatsi,amase, inkari zabantu, n' ivu. Amase y'inka atuma inzu itava. Enkaj cyangwa engaji ni nto, ipima nka 3&nbsp;kuri&nbsp;5&nbsp;m na metero1.5 gusa&nbsp;mu buhagarike.haba haromo aho, umuryango utekera, urira, uryama, usabanira, kandi ubika ibiryo,ibicanwa, nibindi bintu byo murugo. Amatungo mato nayo akenshi arara muri enkaji. Imidugudu iab ikikijwe n'uruzitiro rwa acacia (enkang) rwubatswe nabagabo. Mwijoro, [[inka]] zose, [[ihene]] n'intama byose bishyirwa mu kigo hagati, kure yinyamaswa zagasozi .{{wide image|Maasai-Enkang-near-Sekenani.JPG|1000px|Panoramic view of Maasai Enkang, seen from the inside}}{{wide image|Manyatta.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of Maasai Enkang, seen from the outside}} == Imyenda == [[File:Maasai_Woman_Meeyu_Sale_Wearing_her_Finest.jpg|right|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi wambaye imyenda ye myiza]] Imyambarire ihinduka bitewe n' imyaka n'ahantu. Urugero, abasore bambara umukara amezi menshi nyuma yo gukebwa kwabo. Nyamara, umutuku niwo ukunzwe. haba nimyenda y'ubururu, umukara, iyamabara. abamasayi batangiye gusimbuza uruhu rwinyamaswa, uruhu rwinyana nuruhu rwintama, imyenda yubudodo mu myaka ya za 1960. Shúkà ni ijambo ryo mururimi rwa Maa numwitero wa gakondo bambara bawizingiyeho.Mubisanzwe iba itukura, nubwo imwe iba ifite andi [[Ibara|mabara]] (urugero ubururu ) nibishusho. iroza, ndetse nimyenda iriho indabyo, indwanyi zirayirinda. Imyenda imwe izwi nka kanga, ijambo [[Igiswahili|ryigiswahiri]], irasanzwe. abamasayi baba hafi y' inkombe bashobora kwambara kikoi, ubwoko bw' imyitero iza mu amabara atandukanye n' ibitambaro Nyamara, benshi bakunda iyimirongo. Abamasayi benshi muri [[Tanzaniya]] bambara inkweto zudusandari, zari zisanzwe zikorwa muruhu rw' inka. ubu basigaye bazikora mu mapine cyangwa plastike . Abagabo n'abagore bambara udutako tw ibiti kumaboko. Abagore babamasayi bahora bari gukora imitako mu masaro n' utugozi . Ibi bibafasha gutaka imibiri yabo. Nubwo hariho itandukaniro mubisobanuro byamabara n' amasaro, ibisobanuro rusange kumabara make ni: umweru, amahoro ; ubururu, amazi ; umutuku, umurwanyi / amaraso / ubutwari. Gukora imitako, bikozwe nabagore, bifite amateka maremare mubamasayi, bagaragaza abaribo numwanya wabo mu muryango mugari binyuze mumitako yumubiri no gushushanya ku mubiri . Mbere yo guhura [[Burayi|n’abanyaburayi]], Amasaro yavaga mubikoresho bari basanganwe aho, amasaro y' umweru yavaga mw' ibumba, ibikonoshwa, amahembe y'inzovu, cyangwa amagufwa . Isaro ry'umukara n'ubururu ryakorwaga mu cyuma, amakara, imbuto, ibumba, cyangwa ihembe . Amasaro atukura yavaga mu mbuto, mu mbaho, amagufwa, amahembe y'inzovu, umuringa. Ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, amasaro menshi y’iburayi yageze muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bw' yepfo, abakora amasaro basimbuje amasaro ashaje ibikoresho bishya maze batangira gukoresha amabara menshi asobanutse. Ubu, amasaro atsindajyiye y' ibirahure adahanda niyo akunzwe. == Umusatsi == [[File:Maasai_woman.jpg|left|thumb|Umugore wumumasayi ufite umusatsi mugufi]] Kogosha umutwe biramenyerewe mumihango myinshi, byerekana intangiriro nshya izakorwa ubwo umuntu aba ava mu kiciro kimwe ajya mu kindi. abarwanyi nibo bamasayi bonyine baba bafite imisatsi miremire, bayibohesha imigozi yoroheje. Iyo ageze ku gihe cy' "amezi" 3, umwana yitwa izina kandi yogoshwa umutwe bagasiga akazingo kamwe kumusatsi, kuva ku gikanu kugeza ku gahanga. kikaba gishasha "imiterere yubuntu" bujyirirwa uruhinja. Umugore wakuyemo inda yubushize umusatsi awushyira imbere cyangwa inyuma yumutwe, biterwa nijyitsina cy' umwana yabuze. Ibi bishushanya gukira kwe. Abahungu bakebwa ku munsi wa kabiri, imitwe yabo ikogoshwa. Abarwanyi bato noneho bagatereka umusatsi wabo ugakura, kandi batakaza igihe kinini bita kumusatsi wabo. basigamo amavuta yinyamanswa na ocher, kandi igabanijwe hejuru yumutwe aho amatwi agarukira. Umusatsi bawuboha mu mafpude y inyabubiri. Ipamba cyangwa ubwoya bw'intama bishobora gukoreshwa mugukuza umusatsi. Umusatsi bashobora kuwureka ugatendera cyangwa bakawupfundikanya bakoresheje uruhu. Iyo abarwanyi banyuze muri ''Eunoto'', bakaba abakuru, imisatsi yabo miremire irogoshwa. Mugihe igitsina gabo cyogosha umusatsi iyo bava mu kiciro kimwe bajya mu kindi, uwitegura kuba umugeni yogosha umusatsi, kandi intama ebyiri zikicwa mukubahiriza uwo munsi. == Abamasayi bazwi == * Joseph Ole Lenku - Umunyamabanga wa Guverinoma muri Kenya ushinzwe imbere no guhuza ibikorwa bya Guverinoma y’igihugu kuva 2012 kugeza 2014 * David Rudisha - yiruka mu marushanwa yintera ndende na metero 800 ufite yabaye uwambere kurwego rwisi yisi * Edward Sokoine - Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tanzaniya kuva 1977 kugeza 1980 na none kuva 1983 kugeza 1984 * Edward Lowassa - Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tanzaniya kuva 2005 kugeza 2008. Umwanya wa kabiri inyuma ya John Pombe Magufuli mu matora rusange ya [[Tanzaniya]] 2015. * Olekina Ledama - Uwashinze, Maasai Education Discovery * James Ole Kiyiapi - umwarimu wungirije muri kaminuza ya Moi akaba n'umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’uburezi n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze * William Ole Ntimama - Umunyapolitike wo muri Kenya akaba n'umuyobozi w'umuryango wabaMaa * Francis Ole Kaparo - Uwahoze ari umuvujyizi wa National Assembly of Kenya * Joseph Nkaissery - Uwahoze ari umunyamabanga wa Guverinoma muri Kenya ushinzwe imbere no guhuza ibikorwa bya guverinoma y’igihugu kuva 2014 kugeza apfuye muri 2017 * Nice Nailantei Lengete - Umugore wa mbere yagejeje ijambo ku kanama k' abakuru mubamasayi ku musozi wa Kilimanjaro, maze yemeza akanama kubuza guca imyanya ndangagitsina yabagore muri Kenya na Tanzaniya. * Katoo Ole Metito - Umudepite mu Ntara ya Kajiado y'Amajyepfo == Reba kandi nibi == * [[:en:Maasai_mythology|Maasai mythology]] * [[:en:Maasai_language|Maasai language]] * [[:en:Maa_Civil_Society_Forum|Maa Civil Society Forum]] == Aho byasomwe == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ubundi bumenyi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120715234704/http://www.africanpeople.info/ African People Ethnography | Maasai] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100107200159/http://www.uoregon.edu/~maasai/Maa%20Lexicon/lexicon/main.htm Maasai online dictionary] * [http://www.e-solidarity.org/index-engl.htm Maasai Aid Association] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091019024105/http://elandmaasai.org/ Working for a just and self-sustaining community for the Maasai People] * [http://www.maasaitrust.org/ Maasai Trust] * [http://www.maasaimara.com/the-mara/maasai-people The Maasai People - History and Culture] * [http://www.maasai-association.org/maasai.html Maasai people, Kenya at the Maasai Association] * [http://www.indiana.edu/~iuam/kenya/categories/16 Indiana University Art Museum Arts of Kenya online collection] [[Category:Amoko yo muri tanzaniya]] [[Category:Amoko yo muri kenya]] [[Category:Amoko yo muri africa]] [[Category:Umuco]] [[Category:Gukebwa]] [[Category:Ibidukikije]] [[Category:Imigenzo yo muri africa]] [[Category:Imyambaro gakondo]] [[Category:Ubworozi gakondo]] 2nnlw0xsaa38npiv7hz6zjklca1vvrm 0 8525 82062 81093 2022-02-17T17:50:46Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kate_Bashabe.jpg|Kate_Bashabe.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by RebeccaRwanda|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kate Bashabe''' wavutse 9 Nzeri 1990 (imyaka 31 ) ni munyarwandakazi wumucuruzikazi kandi washinze Kabash brand na Kabash soucie Organisation ikora ibikorwa by'urukundo<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/10/rwandan-socialite-kate-bashabe-denies-love-affair-with-liverpool-star-sadio-mane/</ref> . yamenyekanye bwa mbere ubwo yabaga nyampinga wa MTN muri 2010, ndetse aza kuba Miss Nyarugenge muri 2012.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/hanze/article/kate-bashabe-yahakanye-urukundo-avugwamo-na-sadio-mane-wa-liverpool</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi == Muri 2010, Bashabe yatsindiye amarushanwa ya Miss MTN ndetse anaba ambasaderi wa MTN muri uwo mwaka. Mugihe yarangije amashuri yisumbuye, yanatangiye gutanga serivisi za protocole kumasosiyete menshi nka MTN, FERWACY nibikorwa byamasosiyete<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107088/twaganiriye-kate-bashabe-yavuze-iherezo-ryibitaramo-bikomeye-yateguraga-anakomoza-ku-ndiri-107088.html</ref>. Muri 2011, Bashabe yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa muri farumasi ya RAK. nyuma yo gukora muri farumasi ya RAK imyaka hafi ibiri muri 2012<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/69893/miss-kate-bashabe-wari-ufungiwe-i-gikondo-yarekuwe-69893.html</ref>, yatangije isosiyete ye itumiza mu mahanga, aho yatumizaga ibicuruzwa nkimodoka, imyenda, ibikoresho byo munzu mu izina ryabakiriya. Nyuma y'amezi make, yahisemo gukurikiza inzozi zo mu bwana bwe mu myambarire maze akingura inzu yimyambarire ya Kabash. Muri 2013<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107088/twaganiriye-kate-bashabe-yavuze-iherezo-ryibitaramo-bikomeye-yateguraga-anakomoza-ku-ndiri-107088.html</ref>, yaguye ashyiraho ubucuruzi bwa kabiri aho yibanze ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere, ubukorikori bwa Afurika, byose munsi ya label ya Kabash. Bashabe yatumiriwe kwitabira ibirori mpuzamahanga byerekanwa muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] muri 2016 na guverinoma [[Rwanda|y'u]] Rwanda mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya Kabash mu mahanga no kwagura abakiriya be<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/sadio-mane-yihakanye-umunyarwandakazi-kate-bashabe-byavugwagako-bari-murukundo-avuga-ko-atamuzi-nisura/</ref>. Nyuma yo gutsinda mu mwuga we, Bashabe yahisemo gusubiza umuryango we. Muri 2017, yateguye ibirori by'urukundo aho abahanzi baho bakoraga Live bagiye gutera inkunga abana bakennye mu Rwanda.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86586/kate-bashabe-yateguye-ibirori-yise-siree-de-champagne-et-caviar-bizitabirwa-nabifite-86586.html</ref> Amafaranga yakusanyijwe muri iki gikorwa yerekanwe mu gutera inkunga abanyeshuri barenga 500 bo mu Rwanda. Yahise ashyiraho Kabash Cares muri 2018. Kabash Cares nigikorwa gitera inkunga abanyeshuri batishoboye mubukungu no mubikoresho.<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ivumburamatsiko-kuri-kate-bashabe-uko-yaretse-ibyo-kuba-miss-urukundo-inkomoko</ref> mumpera za 2019 uyu munyarwandakazi yagaragaye mu mujyi wa Liverpool ndetse yitabira umukino wa Liverpool na norwich wabaye kuwa 17 ukwakira 2019 ibi rero byazamuye inkuru nyinci zavugaga ko yaba afitanye urukundo nicyirangirire cyo muri Senegal mane akaba rutahizamu wa Liverpool. gusa kate Bashabe icyigihe yari yagaragaye muri cartien za merseyside dore ko ariho ikipe ya Liverpool ibarizwa arika kate we avugako yari mu maduka yaho yigurira umwambaro wo kujyana kuri match.https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/hanze/article/kate-bashabe-yahakanye-urukundo-avugwamo-na-sadio-mane-wa-liverpool == references == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] nrs8dmho65llawglr0pek2tgwdqnx9r 0 8526 78266 73621 2021-08-23T23:16:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cavendish_banana_from_Maracaibo.jpg|thumb| igitoki cya Makayabu]] [[Dosiye:Umuvure.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|igikoresho gikoreshwa benga urwagwa]] '''Divayi y'igitoki''' ni '''vino''' yimbuto ikozwe gusa [[Umuneke|mubitoki]] . [[File:Banana_plant_2.jpg|thumb|Igitoki 2]] Itandukanye n'inzoga z'igitoki, zifite umuco muremure kandi zifite akamaro gakomeye muri Afrika y'Uburasirazuba . Abahagarika n'abandi. (2001) yanditse igice ku "Banana Wine" mu gitabo ''Inzoga na kwirinda mu bihe: igitabo mpuzamahanga,'' n'ubwo iyi ni gato urujijo, nk'uko Kugaragaza ibyo ni ubusanzwe yitwa inzoga insina ari insina divayi. Amakuru batanga kuri ''Tekinike Yumusaruro'' hamwe ''nImibereho'' ''Myiza n'Imihango'' bifitanye isano na nyuma ntabwo bifitanye isano nibisanzwe bita vino y'ibitoki. Tanzaniya, divayi y'ibitoki ikorwa mu bucuruzi no gusya ibitoki byumye, bikaranze, byeze. Amazi (kugirango agabanye igitoki cyinshi cyane), umusemburo wa vino nisukari byongewe kuri "mashi yigitoki". Gutunganya inzoga gakondo (nkuko byasobanuwe kurupapuro rwinzoga rwibitoki ) bitandukanye no gutunganya divayi y'ubucuruzi. Kurugero, inzira yo gukora vino yigitoki ikoreshwa na Banana Investment Ltd nuburyo bukurikira: # Imineke yeze irashishwa hanyuma igashyirwa muri barrique ya plastike yuzuyemo amazi. # Ibirimo bya barrale noneho bigakanda (bikaranze) hamwe nigitoki cyimashini cyimurirwa mumasafuri manini yicyuma hanyuma kigatekwa kumasaha menshi, kigakora umusingi w [[Umutobe w’imbuto|umutobe]] nimbuto . # Amaseri y'ibitoki yanetse arengwa hanyuma isukari yongerwamo umutobe usigaye hanyuma wongeye gutekwa. # Umutobe utetse usigaye ukonje. # Umusemburo wa divayi wongeyeho umutobe ukonje, uryoshye kandi ushyirwa mubigega bya fermentation ya plastike muminsi 15 kugeza kuri 20, bitewe nibicuruzwa. # Amazi asembuye avangwa n'amazi meza, agacupa hanyuma akoherezwa kugirango akwirakwizwe. Mu umusaruro y'ubucuruzi, 'Cavendish' ibitoki zikoreshwa, naho umusaruro kizanye, bitandukanye cultivars, harimo bombi guteka no inzoga East African Highland ibitoki, ' Pisang Awak ', ' Gros Michel ' na ibitoki Apple zikoreshwa.Umuvinyu ukomoka mu bucuruzi ni ibinyobwa bisobanutse, byoroheje cyane binyobwa bisindisha hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo kubaho kurenza inzoga yigitoki, yangiritse byoroshye bityo ikabikwa igihe kirekire. Ukurikije ubwoko bwimisemburo nubunini bwisukari yongeyeho, uburyohe hamwe ninzoga murwego rwanyuma birahinduka. Umusaruro wa divayi yigitoki ahanini uri kurwego ruto, nubwo hageragejwe kubigeza ku musaruro w’inganda, kandi hari abakora ubucuruzi bwa divayi yigitoki (urugero Arusha ikorera muri Banana Investment Ltd). Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 2000, hageragejwe kwagura umusaruro wa divayi y'ibitoki mu bindi bihugu aho usanga ibihingwa byiganje. Guverinoma ya Philippines yashatse kwagura inganda z’ibitoki zaho, gihe Ubuhinde bwakoze divayi y’ibitoki byatsindiye ibihembo ndetse n’ubushakashatsi mu kwagura umusaruro. == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140310202530/http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/2002/33/features_3.htm Inzoga zuzuye ibitoki kumuryango wawe - Arusha Times Kurubuga] * [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/banana-wine-anyone-food-biz-flashes-new-ideas-in-paris-2111987.html Umuneke wumunyobwa?] [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/banana-wine-anyone-food-biz-flashes-new-ideas-in-paris-2111987.html Ibiryo biz bitanga ibitekerezo bishya i Paris] tgocv2mt231y3f4wtza5jnjpqid827n 0 8528 78710 77082 2021-08-26T06:58:50Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flavia Tumusiime''' ni umukinnyi wa filime [[Ubugande|ukomoka]] muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], anakora kuri radiyo na televiziyo, umuhanzi urenga amajwi, emcee akaba n'umwanditsi w’iminsi 30 ya Flavia . Akora ku kiganiro cya mu gitondo (AM-PM Show) kuri radiyo 91.3 Capital FM i Kampala, uwahoze akorana na Morning @ NTV kuri NTV Uganda aho na we yikubye kabiri nk'inkuru y'amakuru kuri "NTV Iri joro" kandi ni VJ kumuyoboro O. Yakinnye nka Kamali Tenywa (uruhare runini) muri televiziyo ya Nana Kagga, Munsi Yibinyoma - Urukurikirane kuva 2014 kugeza 2016 kandi yakiriye hamwe na Guinness Football Challenge. [[Dosiye:BTN_TV_Arua.jpg|thumb|Flavia Tumusiime yakoreye televiziyo zitandukanye zirimo NTV yo muri Uganda]] == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Tumusiime yavutse mu 1989 i Kampala kandi ni umwana w'ikinege wa Enoki Tumusiime na Christine Asiimwe, bakomoka i Kabale, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Uganda. Yize muri St Theresa Kisubi mu mashuri abanza, hanyuma yinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kitante Hill ku byiciro byombi "O" na "A". Nyuma yize mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya kaminuza ya Makerere aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. == Televiziyo == Tumusiime yakoraga kuri Television kuva akiri ingimbi.Yatangiye akor kuri WBS kuri TV's teen's club, ikiganiro yakoraga nizindi ngimbi mu gihe cy'imyaka ine. Hagati ya 2010 na 2012, yakoze kuri K-files, ikindi kiganiro kuri WBS TV. Kuva 2011, yamurikiraga Guinness football challenge. Yacaga muri aired kuri NTV (Uganda) na ITV & KTN (Kenya). Mugihe kimwe , yahoze ari VJ kuri Channel O. Yanamurikiraga kandi Big Brother Africa mu 2012. [[Dosiye:Africa_Day_-_Make_a_Big_Bang_With_Irish_Aid_(7275570838).jpg|thumb|Uyu mugabo yamenyekanye cyane mu gukina filime mu gihugu ke cya Uganda.]] Flavia yinjiye muri NTV Uganda nk'icyuma cy'amakuru kuri NTV Iri joro mu 2016. Yahoze afatanya nundi gukora ikiganiro mu igitondo Morning @ NTV yatangiye mu ntangiriro za 2018. == Radiyo == Tumusiime yagize igihe gito akora nk'umunyamakuru kuri HOT100 FM mu 2006 mbere yuko atura muri Capital FM aho yahoze kugeza aya magingo. [[Dosiye:Mr.Kampala_Lubega_Godfrey.jpg|thumb|Flavien yaje kugenda akora kuma Radiyo atandukanye iwabo muri Uganda.]] == Ibihembo no kumenyekana == * Igihembo cya Young Achievers kubitangazamakuru n'itangazamakuru 2013 * Igihembo cya silver mucyiciro cyiza cyo kwerekana igitaramo cyiza cya Radio na TV 2013. * Icyitegererezo cya Teeniez mu 2013 Buzz Teeniez Awards . * Umwambaro mwiza wumugore witangazamakuru wumwaka - Abryanz Style na Fashion Awards 2015 * Umugore mwiza mubijyanye na Radio kurusha abandi - Uganda Entertainment Awards 2016 == Amashusho == === Imyiyereko kuri Television === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Televiziyo ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Igitondo @ NTV'' | | Umucumbitsi |- | ''NTV Iri joro'' | | Inanga |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | ''Munsi y'ibinyoma - Urukurikirane'' | Kamali Tenywa | Uruhare runini, rwakozwe na Nana Kagga Macpherson |- | ''Yabitswe (TV Show)'' | We wenyine - Umucumbitsi | Kwakira ibyamamare kurubuga rwe |- | ''Tusker Twende Kazi'' | We wenyine - Irushanwa ryo muri Uganda | Ibyamamare |- | 2013 | ''Tusker Umushinga Wamamaye'' | We ubwe - Umucamanza | Umucamanza muri Auditions (Uganda) |} {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime / Filime ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2010 | Kwicuza bidasubirwaho | | |- | 2008 | ''Kiwani: Filime'' | Pam | Yakinnye hamwe na Juliana Kanyomozi nkumwishywa wimiterere ye |} == Reba kandi == * Jackie Lumbasi * Gaetano Kagwa * Nana Kagga Macpherson * Natasha Sinayobye[[Dosiye:Natasha_Sinayobye_at_the_Abryanz_Style_and_Fashion_Awards.jpg|thumb|Natasha Sinayobye]] gyiyehkeuk1x6zypvbnl63acv5e10ao 0 8529 79556 76492 2021-10-22T17:00:45Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dr-gashumba.jpg|thumb|403x403px|Dr. Diane Gashumba]] == '''DR.Diane Gashumba''' MD, MMed (Pediatrics), ni umuganga w’abana mu [[Rwanda]], umuyobozi w’ubuvuzi akaba n'umunyapolitiki. Yabaye Minisitiri w'Ubuzima mu [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'abaminisitiri]] ya Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Édouard Ngirente|Edouard Ngirente]] . Yahawe uwo mwanya ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2016. == Mbere y’ibyo, kuva ku ya 26 Werurwe 2016 kugeza ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2016, Gashumba yabaye Minisitiri w’Uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango muri guverinoma ya Minisitiri w’intebe Anastase Murekezi. == Amavu n'amavuko == Gashumba afite impamyabushobozi Doctor of Medicine ( MD ) kandi na Master of Medicine ( MMed ), umwihariko mu buvuzi bw'abana . == Umwuga == Nk’uko urubuga rwa minisiteri y’[[ubuzima]] mu [[Rwanda]] rubitangaza, Gashumba yari amaze [[imyaka]] 17 akora ubuvuzi guhera mu 2016. Mu gihe cy[[imyaka]] itatu yabaye umuyobozi wubuvuzi w[[Ibitabo by’Abami|ibitaro]] bya Kibagabaga nibitaro bya Muhima. Hagati ya 2010 na 2016, yakoranye n’umushinga w’ubuzima bw’abana n’ababyeyi batewe inkunga na USAID nka "Umuyobozi mukuru w’itsinda" mu rwego rw’ubuziranenge ndetse no kuba "Umuyobozi wungirije w’ishyaka" Umushinga wa miliyoni 57.3 z’amadorali wagizwe 23 mu turere 30 two mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ibindi yakoze == * Ubufatanye bwa RBM mu guhagarika Malariya, Umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (guhera muri 2019) am965fpon93367wj33saf30fphv3dxl 0 8530 79170 77611 2021-08-31T09:47:21Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Eugene Mutimura''' numuhanga '''numushakashatsi''' wu Rwanda. Ubu ni minisitiri w’uburezi muri [[Rwanda|Repubulika yu Rwanda]] . Mbere yo kugirwa minisitiri w’uburezi, Mutimura yahuzaga umushinga w’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo byatewe inkunga na Banki y’isi mu bihugu umunani, kugira ngo ushyigikire ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri kaminuza cumi nesheshatu. Yahawe buruse ya Fulbright . Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, Johannesburg mu 2007 kandi mbere yakoraga mu karere ka Alliance ishinzwe iterambere rirambye. [[Dosiye:One_Laptop_Per_Child,_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Eugene Mutimura yabaye minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda ]] 0f782lj9g3rw8vk260qm1yx1jbmbyxl 0 8531 79043 77284 2021-08-30T20:55:57Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Claver_Gatete.jpg|thumb|Claver Gatete]] [[Dosiye:Tom Plümmer President Kagame and Ministers Paula Ingabire and Claver Gatete.jpg|thumb|claver gatete nabandi banyacyubahiro]] '''Claver Gatete''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Gicurasi 1962) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda akaba n'uwahoze ari ambasaderi, ubu akaba ari [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo]] muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]] . Mbere yuko ashyirwaho muri Mata 2018, yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi mu by'ubukungu kuva 2013 kugeza 2018. Yari yarabaye Guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] kandi yari na Ambasaderi w'Urwanda muri [[Ubwongereza|United Kingdom]], Ireland, na [[Isilande|Iceland]] . [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Claver Gatete yavukiye i Mbarara, muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ku ya 23 Gicurasi 1962, ari naho yakuriye kandi yiga. Afite Impamyabumenyi ya siyansi mu bukungu bw’ubuhinzi yakuye muri kaminuza y’Ubwongereza ya Columbiya, Vancouver, yahawe mu 1991. Shebuja wa siyansi, no mu bukungu bw’ubuhinzi, yahawe igihembo mu 1993, na kaminuza imwe. == Umwuga == Amaze kurangiza kaminuza, Gatete yakoraga muri [[Kanada]] nk'umukungu mu by'ubukungu hagati ya 1991 na 1997, hanyuma akora nk'umukungu mu by'ubukungu muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda kugeza mu 2000. Mu Kwakira 2001, Gatete yinjiye mu biro bya perezida nk'umuntu uhagarariye perezida muri komite nyobozi ya [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] . Yabaye kandi Umuhuzabikorwa w’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe gusuzuma urungano rw’Afurika (APRM) ndetse anaba umunyamuryango w’ihuriro ry’ubufatanye muri Afurika rya NEPAD (APF), kugeza mu Gushyingo 2003. Mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri, kuva mu gushyingo 2005, yakoze nka Secretary wa Tresorier, ibyimari namikoro Kuva mu Gushyingo 2005 kugeza Ukuboza 2009, Gatete yari ambasaderi w'u Rwanda mu Bwongereza, Irilande na Isilande, mbere yo kwinjira muri Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda nka guverineri wungirije. Yaje kuba Guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]] kuva muri Gicurasi 2011, mbere yuko agirwa Minisitiri w’imari. Yagizwe Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri Mata 2018, asimbuye James Musoni . Yasimbuwe na Minisitiri w’imari w’u Rwanda na Uzziel Ndagijimana . == Ibindi bikorwa == * [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (AfDB), Ex-Officio umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (2013-2018) <ref>[https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/AfDB_Annual_Report_2016_EN.pdf AfDB Annual Report 2016] [[African Development Bank]] (AfDB).</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] == Kugaragara kwa firime == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190915164741/http://themotherland.info/ Filime y'amavuko (2010)] f3exy3ifz8excgakpsifm1bc2dzgfv2 0 8532 78151 77064 2021-08-22T13:01:15Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Empire_mansa_musa.jpeg|thumb|Empire mansa musa]] [[Dosiye:Mansa-Musa-on-his-way-to-Mecca-Credit-Print-Collector-Getty-images-1536x790.jpg|thumb|Mansa-Musa-ku-nzira-ye-i-Maka]] '''Musa I''' ( c. 1280 - c. 1337 ), cyangwa '''Mansa Musa''', yari ''Mansa wa'' cumi (bisobanurwa ngo "sultan", "umutsinzi" <ref>Lapidus, Ira M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFJNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 ''A History of Islamic Societies'']. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 455.</ref> cyangwa "umwami w' abami" ) w'Ubwami bwa Mali, igihugu cya kisilamu cyo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba. bivugwa ko ariwe muntu wari ukize kurusha abandimuri iyo myaka. Igihe Musa yima ingoma,Igice kinini cya Mali cyari kigizwe n'ubutaka bw'icyahoze ari ubwami bwa Gana, Mali yari yarigaruriye. Ingoma ya Mali yari igizwe n'ubutaka ubu [[Moritaniya|bugize igice cya Mauritania]] na leta ya [[Mali]] yubu. Ku ngoma ye, Musa yajyize amazina atandukanye y' icyubahiroi, nka "Emir wa Melle", "Nyir'ibirombe bya Wangara", na "Uwigaruriye Ghanata". Musa yigaruriye imigi 24, hamwe n'uturere tuyikikije. Ku ngoma ya Musa, Mali ishobora kuba ari yo yari ifite zahabu nyinshi kwisi, kandi Musa yafatwaga nk'umwe mu bantu babayeho bakize mu mateka . Ariko, abanyamakuru bubu nka ''Time magazine'' bemeje ko nta gipimo cya nyacyo cyo kubara ubutunzi bwa Musa. Muri rusange Musa azwi nka "Mansa Musa" mu nyandiko n'ibitabobyanditswe nabo muburengerazuba bwisi. Izina rye kandi rigaragara nka "Kankou Musa", "Kankan Musa", na "Kanku Musa". Andi mazina yakoreshejwe kuri Musa arimo "Mali-Koy Kankan Musa", "Gonga Musa", na "the lion of Mali". Yari umurinzi wa siyansi, ubuhanzi, ubuvanganzo n'ubwubatsi kandi ubwami bwateye imbere mu muco ku ngoma ye. == Ibisekuruza no gusimburana ku ngoma == [[File:Genealogy_kings_Mali_Empire.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|Ibisekuru by'abami b'ingoma ya Mali bishingiye ku nyandiko za Ibin Khaldun [15]]] Ibizwi ku bami b'ingoma ya Mali byakuwe mu nyandiko z'intiti z'Abarabu, barimo Al-Umari, Abu-sa'id Uthman ad-Dukkali, Ibin Khaldun, na Ibin Battuta .Kubwa Ibin-Khaldun amateka yumvikana yabami ba Mali, sekuru wa Mansa Musa yari Abu-Bakr Keita (bihwanye na Bakari cyangwa Bogari mu cyarabu, ntabwo ari sahabiyy Abu Bakr ), mwishywa wa Sundiata Keita, washinze Ingoma ya Mali nkuko byaherekanwe mumateka nyemvugo. Abu-Bakr ntabwo yimye ingoma, kandi umuhungu we, se wa Musa, Faga Laye, nta kintu kinini yakoze mu mateka ya Mali . Mansa Musa yaje ku ntebe y'ubwami binyuze mu nzira yo gushyiraho uhagararira umwami yagiye mu rugendo rutagatifu i Maka cyangwa mu kindi gikorwa runaka,nyuma aza kujyirwa uzasimbura umwami. Kubw' amakuru amwe , Musa yagizwe uhagararira Abubakari Keita II, umwami yasimbuye, bivugwa ko yari yatangiye urugendo rwo gushakisha impera z’inyanja ya Atalantika, kandi ntiyigeze agaruka. Intiti y'Abarabu y' umunyamisiri Al-Umari <ref>Al-Umari 1927, ''Masalik al Absar fi Mamalik el-Amsar'', French translation by Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1927, pp. 59, 74–75. See also Qalqashandi, ''Subh al-A'sha, V'', 294.</ref> yasubiyemo Mansa Musa mu buryo bukurikira:<blockquote>Umutegetsi wambanjirije ntabwo yizeraga ko bidashoboka kugera ku nyanja ikikije isi (bisobanura Atlantike), kandi yashakaga kugera ku mpera zayo kandi akomeza gutsimbarara ku gishushanyo mbonera. Yujuje rero amato magana abiri abantu, andi ayuzuza zahabu, amazi n ibiryo bihagije mumyaka myinshi. Yategetse umutware (admiral) kutazagaruka kugeza bageze ku mpera z' inyanja, cyangwa bamaze ibyokurya n'amazi. Barajyiye. Bamaze igihe kirekire barabuze, nyuma, ubwato bumwe gusa nibwo bwagarutse. Ku kibazo twabajije, kapiteni yagize ati: 'Gikomangoma, twagenze igihe kirekire, kugeza igihe twabonye hagati munyanja nk'aho uruzi runini rutemba bikabije. Ubwato bwanjye bwari ubwa nyuma; abandi bari imbere yanjye. Uwabaga akigera aho hantu wese , yararohamye ubutagaruka. Nafashe ubwato nsubira inyuma kugira ngo mpunge uyu muhengeri. ' Ariko Sultan ntiyamwizeye. Yategetse amato ibihumbi bibiri kugira ngo amukorere hamwe n'abantu be, n'ibindi byinshi biriomo amazi n'ibiryo. Hanyuma ansigira ububasha igihe adahari, maze ajyana n'abantu be mu rugendo rw'inyanja, ubutagaruka cyangwa ngo atange ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima. </blockquote>Umuhungu wa Musa n'umusimbura, Mansa Magha Keita, na we yagizwe umwungirije mu gihe cy'urugendo rwa Musa. == Islamu n' urugendo rutagat i Maka == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=From the far reaches of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[Indus River]], the faithful approached the city of Mecca. All had the same objective to worship together at the most sacred shrine of [[Islam]], the [[Kaaba]] in Mecca. One such traveler was Mansa Musa, [[Sultan]] of [[Mali]] in Western Africa. Mansa Musa had prepared carefully for the long journey he and his attendants would take. He was determined to travel not only for his own religious fulfillment but also for recruiting teachers and leaders so that his realms could learn more of the [[Muhammad|Prophet]]'s teachings.|source=–Mahmud Kati, ''Chronicle of the Seeker''}}Musa yari Umuyisilamu w' ukuri, kandi urugendo rwe i Maka rwamenyekanye cyane muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati . Kuri Musa, Islamu yari "ukwinjira mu muco wo mu burasirazuba bwa Mediterane". Yamaraga umwanya munini ateza imbere idini mu bwami bwe. Musa yakoze urugendo rwe hagati ya 1324 na 1325. Urugendo rwe ngo rwarimo abagabo 60.000, bose bambaye ikoze muri brocade nu budodo bwo muri perese, barimo abacakara 12.000, buri wese yatwaye 1.8 kg  cya zahabu, n'abashumba bambaye imyenda y' ubudodo, bitwaje inkoni za zahabu, amafarashi ari kuri gahunda n Ibikapu mu ntoki. Musa yatanze ibikenewe byose muri uwo mutambagiro, agaburira abantu bose ninyamaswa. Izo nyamaswa zarimo [[ingamiya]] 80 buri imwe yatwaraga 23–136 kg bya zahabu. Musa yahaye zahabu abakene yahuye nabo mu nzira. Musa ntabwo yahaye imijyi yanyuzemo mu nzira ijya i Maka gusa, harimo na Cairo na Madina, ahubwo yanagurishije zahabu nkurwibutso. Bivugwa ko buri wa gatanu yubakaga umusigiti . Urugendo rwa Musa rwanditswe nababyiboneye benshi mu nzira yacagamo, batangajwe n' ubutunzi bwe n’umutambagiro muremure, kandi izi nyandiko zituruka ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ibinyamakuru, inkuru zo mu kanwa, n'amateka. Birazwi ko Musa yasuye sultan wa Mamluk wo muri Egiputa, Al-Nasir Muhammad, muri Nyakanga 1324. Kubera kamere ye yo gutanga, kubera gutagaguza cyane no kujyira ubuntu bwinshi kwa Musa byateje igwa ryagaciro ka zahabu mu jyihe cy' imyaka 10. Mu mijyi ya Cairo, Madina, na Maka, iyinjira rya zahabu ku bwinshi ritunguranye ryatumye ita agaciro cyane. Ibiciro byibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa byarazamutse cyane. Iri kosa Musa yararibonye maze agarutse avuye i Maka, yaka inguzanyo ya zahabu zose yashoboraga gutwara kubazitzngaga i Cairo ku nyungu yohejuru. Iki nicyo gihe cyonyine cyanditswe mumateka umugabo umwe yagenzuye igiciro cya zahabu muri Mediterane . Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka  bizera ko Hija yakoze ahanini yari igamije kumenyekanisha igihugu cye cya Mali aho kuba yari ishingiye kukwemera cyane. Kurema ihungabana ry' ubukungu bene ako kajyeni bishobora kuba byarakozwe kubushake. N'ubundi kandi, Cairo niyo yari kwisonga mu gucuruza zahabuyari (aho abantu bajyaga kugurayo zahabu nyinshi). Kugirango bimurire ayo masoko muri Timbuktu cyangwa Gao, Musa yagombaga kubanza kwica isoko rya zahabu muri Cairo. Musa yatanze isomo rikomeye ubwo yerekanaga ubutunzi bwigihugu cye. Intego ye yari iyo guteza akajagari kandi yaratsinze cyane muri ibi, ku buryo yishyize hamwe na Mali kuri kwikarita ya catalan yo mu 1375. == Ingoma yakurikiyeho == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=Whenever a hero adds to the list of his exploits from conquest, Mansa Musa gives them a pair of wide trousers...The greater the number of a Dogari's exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers.|source=–Al-Dukhari, observation of the court of Mansa Musa in [[Timbuktu]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Mendoza |first=Ruben G |url=https://csumb.academia.edu/RubenMendoza/Papers/318194/West_African_Empires_Dates_400-1591_C.E |title=Academia.edu &#124; West African Empires, Dates: 400–1591 C. E. &#124; Ruben G. Mendoza |publisher=Csumb.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=17 October 2012}}</ref>}}Mu rugendo rurerure rwe rwo kugaruka avuye i Maka mu 1325, Musa yumvise amakuru avuga ko ingabo ze zafashe Gao . Sagmandia, umwe mu bajenerali be, yayoboye icyo gikorwa. Umujyi wa Gao wari mu bwami kuva mbere yingoma ya Sakura kandi wari uwagaciro ku bucuruzi bw' inyeshyamba. Musa yasubiye inyuma asura umujyi aho yacyiriye agafata bugwate, abahungu bombi b'umwami wa Gao, Ali Kolon na Suleiman Nar. Yagarutse i Niani ari kumwe n'abahungu bombi nyuma abigishiriza mu rukiko rwe. Mansa Musa agarutse, yagarukanye intiti nyinshi n’abarabu nabubatsi. === Ubwubatsi muri Mali === Musa yatangiye gahunda nini yo kubaka, azamura imisigiti na madrase muri Timbuktu na Gao. Izwi cyane, ikigo cya kera cyo kwiga Sankore Madrasah (cyangwa kaminuza ya Sankore) cyubatswe ku ngoma ye. I Niani, Musa yubatse Inzu yo kwakiriramo abaturage be, inyubako yahuraga n'umuryango w'imbere ugana ibwami. Yari "Inyubak yagatangaza", yari fite agasongero kuruziga rutasteho imirongo ya cyarabu yamabara meza. Amadirishya yimbaho yamagorofa yo hejuru yashizwemo ifeza; iz'amagorofa yo hasi ashyirwaho zahabu. Kimwe n'umusigiti munini, inyubako igezweho kandi ikomeye muri Timbuktu, Inzu yubatswe n'amabuye. Muri kiriya gihe, hari urwego rwateye imbere rwimijyi mu bice bikuru bya Mali. Sergio Domian, intiti mu byubujyeni n’ubwubatsi wumu Butaliyani, yanditse kuri icyo gihe: "Nguko uko hashyizweho urufatiro rw’umuco wo mu mijyi. Kugasongero kubuhangange bwayo, Mali yari ifite nibura imigi 400, kandi imbere muri Delta ya Nigeriya yari ituwe cyane. " [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb|[[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber]], washinzwe na Mansa Musa mu 1327]] === Ubukungu n'uburezi === Byanditswe ko Mansa Musa yazengurutse imigi ya Timbuktu na Gao yerekeza i Maka, maze abagira igice cy'ingoma ye ubwo yagarukaga ahagana mu 1325. Yazanye abubatsi baturutse muri Andalusiya, agace ko muri Espanye, na Cairo kugira ngo bubake ingoro ye nini i Timbuktu [[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber|n'umusigiti]] ukomeye wa [[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber|Djinguereber na]] n'ubu ujyihari. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 70.</ref> Timbuktu yahise ihinduka icyanya cy'ubucuruzi, umuco, n'ubuyisilamu; amasoko yazanye abacuruzi baturutse muri Hausaland, mu Misiri, no mu bundi bwami bwa Afurika, hashyizweho kaminuza muri uyu mujyi (ndetse no mu mijyi ya Djenné na Ségou ), kandi Islamu yakwirakwijwe mu masoko na kaminuza, byagize Timbuktu agace gashya kabahabwaga inkuga zo kwiga ubuyisilamu. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 74.</ref> Amakuru y’umujyi w’ubutunzi bw’ingoma ya Mali yambutse inyanja ya Mediterane yerekeza mu majyepfo y’Uburayi, aho abacuruzi baturutse muri Venise, Granada, na Genoa bidatinze bongera Timbuktu ku ikarita yabo kugira ngo bacuruze ibikoresho mo zahabu. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 87–88.</ref> Kaminuza ya Sankore muri Timbuktu yagaruwe ku ngoma ya Musa hamwe n'abahanga mu by'amategeko, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, n'imibare. Iyi kaminuza yabaye ikigo cy’imyigire n’umuco, ikurura intiti z’abayisilamu baturutse muri Afurika no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati i Timbuktu. Mu 1330, ubwami bwa Mossi bwateye kandi bwigarurira umujyi wa Timbuktu. Gao yari yaraamaze gufatwa n'umujenerali wa Musa, maze Musa ahita agarura Timbuktu, yubaka urukuta rw'amabuye , maze ashyiraho ingabo zihagaze kugira ngo arinde umujyi abawutera. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 80–81.</ref> Mu gihe ingoro ya Musa yazimye, kaminuza n'umusigiti biracyahagaze i Timbuktu. Ku mpera z' ingoma ya Mansa Musa, kaminuza ya Sankoré yari yarahindutse kaminuza ifite abakozi benshi, ifite ibitabo byinshi muri Afurika kuva kw' Isomero rya Alegizandiriya . Kaminuza ya Sankoré yari ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abanyeshuri 25.000 kandi ifite imwe mu masomero manini ku isi ifite inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zigera ku 1.000.000. <ref>See: Said Hamdun & Noël King (edds.), ''Ibn Battuta in Black Africa.'' London, 1975, pp. 52–53.</ref> == Urupfu == [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb|Ingoma ya Mali igihe Mansa Musa yapfaga.]] Itariki y'urupfu rwa Mansa Musa iracyashidikanwaho cyane mu banyamateka ba none n'intiti z'Abarabu banditse amateka ya Mali. Ugereranije n'ingoma z'abamusimbuye, umuhungu we Mansa Maghan (amategeko yanditse ko yayoboye kuva mu 1337 kugeza mu wa 1341) na mukuru we Mansa Suleyman (wayoboye kuva mu 1341 kugeza mu wa 1360), nibyanditse mu myaka 25 y'ubutegetsi bwa Musa, itariki yabazwe y'urupfu ni 1337. Izindi nyandiko zivuga ko Musa yateguye kuva ku ngoma akayisigira umuhungu we Maghan, ariko apfa nyuma gato yo kuva i Maka mu 1325. Dukurikije inkuru yanditswe na Ibin-Khaldun, Mansa Musa yari muzima igihe umujyi wa Tlemcen muri Alijeriya watsindwaga mu 1337, kuko yohereje umuhagarariye muri Alijeriya gushimira abatsinze. == Aho byasomwwe == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ibitabo == * Bell, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka nyafurika, 5 (2): 221-24, doi : 10.2307 / 217515, JSTOR 217515ll, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka nyafurika, 5 (2): 221-24, doi : 10.2307 / 217515, JSTOR 217515 . * De Villiers, Marq, na Sheila Hirtle. ''Timbuktu: Umujyi wa Zahabu wa Sahara'' . Kugenda na Sosiyete: New York. 2007. * Goodwin, A. J .H. (1957), "The Medieval Empire of Ghana", Amatangazo ya kera yo muri Afurika y'Epfo, 12 (47): 108–112, doi : 10.2307 / 3886971, JSTOR 3886971 . * Hunwick, John O. (1999), Timbuktu n'Ingoma ya Songhay: Tarikh al-Sudani ya Al-Sadi kugeza mu 1613 hamwe n'izindi nyandiko z'iki gihe, Leiden: Brill, ISBN <bdi>Hunwick, John O.</bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1963), "Abami bo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatatu na cumi na kane bo muri Mali", Ikinyamakuru cy’amateka nyafurika, 4 (3): 341–353, doi : 10.1017 / s002185370000428x, JSTOR 180027 . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), Gana ya kera na Mali, London: Methuen, ISBN <bdi>Levtzion, Nehemia (1973),</bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), Corpus ya kare Arabic Amakuru Afurika West, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN <bdi>Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000),</bdi> . Yatangajwe bwa mbere mu 1981. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.ancient.eu/Mansa_Musa_I/ Ancient History Encyclopedia – Mansa Musa I.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold] {{s-start}} {{s-reg}} {{succession box|title=[[Mansa of the Mali Empire]]|before=[[Abubakari II]]|after=[[Maghan]]|years=1312–1337}} {{s-end}} [[Category:Amateka ya Mali]] [[Category:Zahabu ya africa]] [[Category:Ubuyisilamu muri africa]] [[Category:Ingoma zo muri afurica]] [[Category:Abami muri afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bwa afurika]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 83s8rrcnbzitzrtcu2p57vmw911xpky 0 8533 83378 79490 2022-05-12T12:14:29Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dr. Agnes-Binagwaho.jpg|thumb|Dr. Agnes Binagwaho]] '''Dr. Agnes Binagwaho''' ni umuganga w’abana mu [[Rwanda]], ubu akaba ari Umuyobozi wungirije wa [[University of Global Health Equity]] (UGHE). Kuva mu 1996, yagiye yita ku mavuriro mu nzego za Leta ndetse anayobora imishinga myinshi, imicungire y’inzego z'ubuzima, ndetse yakoze ku myanya itandukanye muri Leta, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho wa [https://web.archive.org/web/20201010183841/https://www.moh.gov.rw/index.php?id=188 Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda] kuva mu Kwakira 2008 kugeza Gicurasi 2011, na Minisitiri w’ubuzima kuva muri Gicurasi 2011 kugeza Nyakanga 2016. Muri Nzeri 2016, yagizwe Umwarimu mukuru ushinzwe gutanga ubuzima k'isi muri [[University of Global Health Equity]](UGHE) i Kigali, mu [[Rwanda]], naho muri Mata 2017, agirwa umuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru. Kuri ubu atuye i [[Kigali]]<ref>https://ughe.org/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/</ref> . [[Dosiye:Dr.AgnesBinagwaho.jpg|thumb|Dr.AgnesBinagwaho]] . == Uburezi == Binagwaho yavukiye i [https://web.archive.org/web/20201014091704/https://nyamagabe.gov.rw/index.php?id=39 Nyamagabe], [https://web.archive.org/web/20201018042232/https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&L=1 Intara y'Amajyepfo], mu [[Rwanda]]. Igihe yari afite imyaka itatu, we n'umuryango we bagiye kuba mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] aho se yarangirizaga impamyabumenyi ye y'ubuvuzi. Binagwaho yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mubuvuzi mu buvuzi rusange muri Kaminuza yigenga y' i [[Buruseli|Buruseri]], kuva 1976-1984 n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no kuvura abana (MA) muri [https://www.univ-brest.fr/ Kaminuza y'Uburengerazuba bwa Bretagne] kuva 1989–1993. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro (Hon. D.Sc.) muri Kolegi y' i Dartmouth muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]]. Mu 2014, yabaye umuntu wa mbere wahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya filozofiya (PhD) yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . Impamyabumenyi ye y' ikirenga (PhD) yiswe "Uburenganzira bw'abana ku buzima mu rwego rw'icyorezo cya [[SIDA]]: Ikibazo cy'u Rwanda. == Ibikorwa by'ubu == Muri 2017, Porofeseri Binagwaho yagizwe Umuyobozi wungirije wa kaminuza y’uburinganire bw’ubuzima ku isi <ref> [https://ughe.org/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/ </ref> (UGHE), igikorwa cy’abafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2008, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye Umwarimu Ukomeye mu ishami ry’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi rusange ku ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya <ref> https://ghsm.hms.harvard.edu/umwarimu-staff/agnes-binagwaho </ref>Harvard . Ni n'umwarimu w’imyitozo yo gutanga ubuzima ku isi akaba na Porofeseri w’abana bato muri kaminuza y’ubuzima bw’ubuzima bw’isi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse akaba n'umwarimu w’ubuvuzi wa Adjunct w’ubuvuzi bw’abana mu ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya Geisel i Dartmouth <ref> https: // geiselmed.dartmouth.edu/umwarimu/umwarimudb/view.php/?uid=5119 </ref>. Kugeza ubu, Porofeseri Binagwaho akora nk'ishami rishamikiye ku kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bwa Afurika <ref> https://africa.harvard.edu/urugo </ref> muri kaminuza ya Harvard. Porofeseri Binagwaho akora ku buyobozi bw’ubuzima bwa AMP <ref> https://amphealth.org/partnership-board </ref> maze muri 2019, yinjira mu nama y’abashinzwe umutekano ya Rockefeller <ref> https: //www.rockefellerfoundation. org / umwirondoro / agnes-binagwaho / </ref> maze aba umwe mubagize inama ngishwanama nyobozi ya Wellcome Trust Global Monitor <ref> https://wellcome.org/sites/default/files/wakiriye-global-monitor- 2018.pdf </ref>. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, yabaye umwe mu bagize akanama ngishwanama ku bayobozi ba politiki b'abagore <ref> https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/ </ref> Ubushakashatsi ku isi ku bijyanye no gukingira ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y'ubuyobozi ya Consortium ya Kaminuza. kubuzima bwisi yose <ref> https://www.cugh.org/ </ref>. Mu 2021, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w’inama y’abakomiseri muri komisiyo yigenga ishinzwe inzira zinyuranye ku byorezo by’ibyorezo, umutekano, icyorezo, umutekano n’iterambere rirambye <ref> https://www.icm2016.org/ </ref> ( COMPASS). Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye umunyamuryango wa Global Task Force ku buryo bwagutse bwo kuvura no kurwanya kanseri mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere <ref> https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2411 /2018/09/01_GTF-CCC_GTF-Abanyamuryango_05-10_13.pdf </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize komite y’ubumenyi ihuriweho n’ihuriro ry’udushya twiteguye kurwanya icyorezo / Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu [[Bushinwa]] <ref> https://cepi.net/ </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’ingamba z’[[Afurika]] y’Uburayi ku Buzima <ref> https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/africa-europe-foundation-guhamagara-gukora-kuri-inkingo/ </ref> kandi arakora ku ihuriro ry'abagore bayobora muri Fondasiyo ya [[Afurika]] Europe. Ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’impuguke zigenga UNESCO ku Isi na gahunda ya 2030 <ref> https://www.uib.no/en/sdgbergen/141236/ibuka-unesco-impuguke-itsinda #agnes-binagwaho-nbsp -nbsp-kaminuza-yisi-yubuzima-ubuzima-buringaniye-ughe-kigali-rwanda </ref>. Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umunyamuryango witsinda ngishwanama rya Plateforme de l'observatoire Africain de la Santé sur les systèmes et les politiques (AHOP) <ref> https://www.afro.who.int/fr/amakuru/ une-plateforme-dechange-de-connaissances-lancee-pour-soutenir-les-sisitemu-de-sante-dans-la </ref>, ndetse n’umunyamuryango w’itsinda ry’inzobere muri [[Afurika]] CDC (SAGE). Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umunyamuryango w'itsinda rya Cochrane <ref>https://convenes.cochrane.org/</ref> akaba n'umunyamurango w'itsinda rya Science Innovation Platform yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije w'itsinda ry'impuguke muri gahunda ya Commonwealth ishinzwe umutekano wo mu muhanda <ref> https://www.commonwealthrsi.org/ </ref>. Akora nk'umuyobozi wa komite nyobozi ya gahunda yubushakashatsi bugaragara. Kuva mu 2021, akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije mu nama mpuzamahanga y’ubuzima rusange muri [[Afurika]]. Kuva mu 2021, Prof. Binagwaho akora nk'umunyamuryango w’itsinda ngishwanama ry’impuguke (NCD Gahunda-Gushiraho Impapuro) ku Ihuriro ry’indwara zitandura <ref> https://ncdalliance.org/ </ref>. Akora kandi nk'umuyobozi wungirije w'inama ngishwanama ya siyansi & ingamba (SSAC) mu ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubushakashatsi ku makuru ya Covid-19 <ref> https://icoda-research.org/ </ref> ndetse akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa Task Force yubuzima bwisi yose hamwe na Covid-19 kuri T20 <ref> https://taskforce.org/ </ref>. Kuva mu 2021, ni umwe mu bagize komisiyo Nyafurika kuri COVID-19 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’[[Afurika]]. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize akanama gashinzwe ubwanditsi bw'ikinyamakuru cy’ubuzima n’uburenganzira bwa muntu <ref>https://www.hhrjournal.org/about-hhr/ubuyobozi-kibaho-kandi-ibikorwa-byifuzo/</ref> hamwe nubukungu bwubuzima nubushakashatsi <ref> https://armgpublishing.sumdu.edu.ua/journals/hem/ </ref>. Akora kandi mu itsinda ryandika rya Annals yikinyamakuru cyisi yose <ref> https://www.annalsofglobalhealth.org/about/editorialteam/ </ref> no mubuyobozi bukuru bwikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubuzima n’ubuyobozi <ref> https://www.ijhpm.com/journal/editorial.board </ref>. Kuva mu 2017, Porofeseri Binagwaho yabaye mu buyobozi bw'ikinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi ku buzima bwo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba <ref> https://www.eac.int/institutions/eahrc/ea-ubuzima-ubushakashatsi-ikinyamakuru </ref> kandi akora nka a umwe mubagize akanama kayobora itangazo ryumuryango w’ubuzima ku [[isi]] <ref> https://www.wowe.int/publications/journals/bulletin </ref>. Porofeseri Binagwaho ni umugenzuzi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi rya [[Afurika]] <ref> https://www.aasciences.africa/ </ref>, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi muri [[Amerika]] <ref> https://nam.edu/national -academy-yubuvuzi-itora-79-abanyamuryango-bashya / </ref> na ACADEMY YISI YA SIYANSI (TWAS) <ref> https://twas.org/article/twas-elect-3-35-bishya-twas -abasangirangendo </ref> yo guteza imbere siyanse mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Porofeseri Binagwaho akora kandi muri komite ishinzwe iterambere rya TWAS na Future Action (PDFA) 2021-2022. === Imyanya yahozeho === Muri Nzeri 2016, Binagwaho yagizwe Porofeseri w’ibikorwa byo gutanga ubuzima ku [[isi]] muri [[University of Global Health Equity]] (UGHE) i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Binagwaho yabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]] kuva muri Gicurasi 2011 kugeza Nyakanga 2016. Ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2016, nyuma y’imyaka 5 yitangiye umurimo, [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa Repubulika yu Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame|Paul Kagame,]] yamukuye ku mirimo ye nka Minisitiri w’ubuzima. Mbere yibi, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’ubuzima y’u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu Kwakira 2008 kugeza Gicurasi 2011 ndetse anaba umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] mu [[Rwanda]] kuva 2002–2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2015, yari umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama Mpuzamahanga ya Lancet Global Health Journal. Kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2014, yabaye umwe mu bagize Komisiyo muri komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe ishoramari mu buzima, ayobowe na Dean Jamison na Larry Summers . Ibikorwa bya Komisiyo byavunaguriye muri raporo ya 2035 y’ubuzima ku [[Isi]] , byasohotse mu 2013. Muri icyo gihe, yanakoze muri komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe abagore n’ubuzima, yasohoye raporo ya "Abagore n’ubuzima: Urufunguzo rw’iterambere rirambye" muri Kamena 2015. Yakoze kandi mu itsinda [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe]] gukurikirana no kubazwa ibyo akora, afatanya na Margaret Biggs (CIDA) na Margaret Chan (OMS) ndetse anatanga raporo ku muyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, umunyamabanga mukuru Ban Ki-moon . Muri uyu mwaka kandi, yari umwe mu bagize gahunda yo guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa by’ubuzima bw’umugore n’abana nk’umwe mu bagize itsinda rishinzwe guhanga udushya, akaba yaranatangarije umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye umunyamabanga mukuru Ban Ki-moon. Kuva mu 2006–2009, yayoboye gahunda yo Kwiga ku Bana na VIH / [[SIDA]] (JLICA), ihuriro ryigenga ry’abashakashatsi, abashyira mu bikorwa, abafata ibyemezo, abarwanashyaka, n'ababana na virusi itera [[SIDA]]. JLICA yagize uruhare runini muburyo abakinnyi bakomeye ku [[isi]], nka PEPFAR na Global Fund, bagenera inkunga imfubyi n’abana batishoboye muri iki gihe. Hagati ya 2006 na 2008, yari umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rwo mu [[Rwanda]] rwa Politiki yo gufasha. Kuva mu 2004 kugeza 2009, yabaye kandi umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi ya gahunda yo gutera inkunga ibihugu byinshi kuri SSR / VIH / [[SIDA]] ndetse n'Urwego Ngishwanama rw'Ikigo cya Royal Tropical Institute i Amsterdam, mu Buholandi. Mu gihe yakoraga nk'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] mu Rwanda kuva 2002–2008, yanabaye umuyobozi wa komite nyobozi y'u [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe gahunda yihutirwa ya Perezida wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]] ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] (PEPFAR). Byongeye kandi, yari ashinzwe gucunga umushinga wa Banki y[[Isi|'Isi]] MAP mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2004, yakoze kandi mu Nama Ngishwanama ku Buzima ku kinyamakuru ''Igihe'' . Yari umwe mu bagize akanama gashinzwe gushinga ikigo cya Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development muri [[Afurika]], icyicaro i Kisumu, muri [[Kenya]]. Byongeye kandi, yakoraga mu Nama Ngishwanama y’Inshuti z’Ikigega cy’[[Isi]] ku isi, na Komite Ngishwanama ya gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gukingira [[SIDA]]. Yakoze kandi muri komisiyo nyinshi za Lancet, harimo na Lancet-O'Neill Institute ya Georgetown ishinzwe ubuzima n’amategeko ku [[isi]], Harvard Global Equity Initiative - Komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe uburyo bwo kurwanya ububabare no kuvura indwara, Komisiyo ya Lancet ishinzwe ejo hazaza h’ubuzima muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, Komisiyo ya Lancet Diabete & Endocrinology, na Komisiyo ya Oncology ya Lancet ishinzwe kwita kuri kanseri irambye Yicaye ku buyobozi bw'isomero rusange ry'ubumenyi . <ref name="plos">[http://www.plos.org/ Public Library of Science]. Accessed 25 June 2011.</ref> Yakoze kandi mu Nama Mpuzamahanga Ngishwanama ku Kigo cy’Ikigo cy’Ubuzima Bw’Ubuzima ku Isi muri Imperial College London Byongeye kandi, yakoraga na Komite Ngishwanama mu bagize komite ishinzwe kurwanya indwara 3 ( DCP3 ). Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2005, yanagize umwanya wo kuba Umuyobozi w’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] Task Force y’intego z'ikinyagihumbi Umushinga wa VIH / [[SIDA]] no kubona imiti y'ingenzi, iyobowe na Jeffrey Sachs ku munyamabanga. Jenerali w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w'Abibumbye]] . == Umwuga w'ubuvuzi == Binagwaho yatangiye ubuvuzi bwe mu Bubiligi no mu Bufaransa, ari naho yarangirije amashuri ye y'ubuvuzi. Yinzobere mu kuvura abana, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, no kuvura virusi itera [[SIDA]] ku bana ndetse n'abantu bakuru. Yakoraga cyane muri neonatology, maze agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1996, akora ivuriro mu bitaro bya Leta imyaka ine. == Ubushakashatsi no guharanira == Yibanze ku bushakashatsi mu masangano y’ubuzima, imibereho myiza, na politiki, ubushakashatsi bwe n’ibitabo bigamije kunoza uburyo bwo gukumira, kwita no kuvura virusi itera [[SIDA]] n'izindi ndwara. Binagwaho yavuze kenshi ku ruhare rukomeye ubushakashatsi bwagize mu kuzamura ubuzima mu gihugu cye. Araharanira cyane uburenganzira bw'abana n'uburinganire mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no ku isi hose. Ari mu ntera yo kurwanya virusi itera [[SIDA]], kandi aharanira gukwirakwiza uburyo bw’ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo habeho ingamba zo kugabanya no gukuraho umutwaro w’indwara. Impamyabumenyi ye ya PhD yibanze ku isesengura ry’amahirwe yabuze abana banduye virusi itera [[SIDA]] kugira ngo bagere ku burenganzira bwabo ku buzima. Mu mwaka wa 2010, mu nshingano ze nka Minisitiri w’ubuzima, Binagwaho yatangije gahunda y’igihugu yo gukingiza abana HPV - virusi ya papilloma y’abantu itera hafi kanseri zose z’inkondo y'umura. Gahunda yageze ku gipimo kirenga 95 ku ijana muri 2012. Yavuze kandi ko ari ngombwa kongera gutekereza ku iherezo ry’ubuzima kugira ngo abantu bapfire mu cyubahiro. Mu nama mpuzamahanga yabereye i Salzburg, yagize ati: "Kugira ngo tubigereho, tugomba kugira ibiganiro mpaka ku rwego rw’igihugu, iyobowe n’abayobozi b’umwuka n’umuryango, kandi tugomba no kwigisha abaganga bose kubaha urupfu no kureka kubitinya. ” Kugeza ubu, Prof. Binagwaho ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ngishwanama rya Cochrane Convenes nk'umunyamuryango,akaba umunyamuryango wa komisiyo nyafurika kuri COVID-19 y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, akaba nu umwe ugize akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije mu nama mpuzamahanga ya 1 y’ubuzima rusange muri [[Afurika]] (CPHIA 2021). == Icyubahiro n'ibihembo == [[File:Minister_of_Health,_Dr._Agnes_Binagwaho.jpg|left|thumb| Dr.Agnes Binagwaho avugira muri NIH. ]]Muri 2013, Binagwaho yatanze ikiganiro cya kaminuza ya Londere ya Lancet. Mu mwaka wa 2015, yabaye umunyacyubahiro David E. Barmes Umwarimu w’ubuzima ku [[isi]] abinyujije mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuzima anatanga ikiganiro, "David E. Barmes Inyigisho z’ubuzima ku isi: Ubushakashatsi mu buvuzi n’ubushobozi bw’iterambere: Uburambe mu [[Rwanda]]. " Ibirori ngarukamwaka bihesha icyubahiro nyakwigendera Dr. Barmes, umuganga w’amenyo w’ubuzima rusange akaba n’umuganga w’indwara z’ibyorezo witangiye umwuga we mu gukora ubushakashatsi bugamije guteza imbere ubuzima mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Muri 2015, yahawe ibihembo bibiri: Igihembo cya Roux 2015 abinyujije mu kigo cy’ubuzima n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuzima (IHME) kubera ko yakoresheje imibare y’ubushakashatsi bw’indwara ku isi kugira ngo agabanye impfu z’abana mu [[Rwanda]], na Ronald McDonald Inzu y'Ubugiraneza Inzu y'indashyikirwa kubera uruhare yagize mu kuzamura ubuzima bw'abana. Yamenyekanye mu bagore 100 bakomeye bo muri [[Afurika]] bakomeye muri 2020 no muri 2021.Vuba aha, yatsindiye igihembo cya L'ORÉAL-UNESCO ku bagore muri siyanse mpuzamahanga kubera uruhare runini yagize mu kuzamura gahunda y’ubuzima bw’u [[Rwanda]]. == Ibisohokayandikiro == Binagwaho yasohoye ingingo zirenga [http://dragnesbinagwahosblog.home.blog/ 235 zasuzumwe nurungano] hamwe nibice byibitabo. == Ibiganiro kuri Twitter / SMS: #MinisterMondays == Mu Kwakira 2011, Binagwaho yatangije ibiganiro kuri interineti abinyujije kuri Twitter ku ngingo zijyanye na politiki y’ubuzima ku isi ndetse n’urwego rw’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2013/jan/04/saving-world-social-media-development-digital Saving the world through social media? How development is going digital]. Accessed 07 August 2016.</ref> Abakoresha urubuga rwa Twitter baturutse mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no ku isi bose bifatanije na we mu biganiro byombi ku ngingo nka politiki yo kuboneza urubyaro muri [[Afurika]], kubaka urwego rw’ubuzima rw’igihugu, gushyiraho inkingo nshya, politiki z’inzego zinyuranye zo kurwanya imirire mibi, kurwanya imiti idahwitse n’imiti mpimbano, na uruhare rwibigo byigihugu ndetse n’amahanga mubuzima bw'[[Isi]] yose ukoresheje hashtag #MinisterMondays. Mu Ukuboza 2011, akaba bufatanye na [[Rwanda]]-American ICT sosiyete [http://www.nyaruka.com/ Nyaruka] kwemerera Abanyarwanda batari kubona interineti kugira uruhare ibibazo no comments to ibiganiro #MinisterMondays kuri SMS. == Ibindi gusoma == * Umusozi, Calie. " [http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/africa/260-interview-dr-agnes-binagwaho-rwandan-minister-of-health Ikiganiro: Dr. Agnes Binagwaho, Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda] " ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605120639/http://www.diplomaticourier.com/news/regions/africa/260-interview-dr-agnes-binagwaho-rwandan-minister-of-health Archive] ). ''Umudipolomate'' . 29 Werurwe 2013. * " [https://web.archive.org/web/20150404182150/http://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/july-august-2014/Pages/agnes-binagwaho-rwanda-moh-visits-nih.aspx Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda Dr Agnes Binagwaho aganira ku bufatanye n’ubushakashatsi na NIH] " ( [https://www.webcitation.org/6Z3OboEaG?url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404182150/http://www.fic.nih.gov/News/GlobalHealthMatters/july-august-2014/Pages/agnes-binagwaho-rwanda-moh-visits-nih.aspx Archive] ). Ikigo cyigihugu cyubuzima . Yakuwe ku ya 5 Kamena 2015. * [http://UCL-Lancet%20Lecture%20Series%202013:%20Dr.%20Agnes%20Binagwahohttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/global-health/events/lancet-lectures Ishuri Rikuru rya Kaminuza London- Urutonde rw'inyigisho za Lancet 2013: Dr. Agnes Binagwaho] ( [https://mediacentral.ucl.ac.uk/Play/18215] ) * [http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/site/ethicstalk.html Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi muri Amerika (AMA) Ikinyamakuru cy’imyitwarire Nyakanga 2016 Podcast: Gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ubuzima mu Rwanda: Ikiganiro na Agnes Binagwaho] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == Ushinzwe amasomo: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130611115238/http://ghsm.hms.harvard.edu/people/faculty/binagwaho Ishami ry’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi rusange, Ishuri ryubuvuzi rya Harvard] * [http://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/profiles/profile/person/26485 Ishuri ry'ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Umwirondoro wa Catalyst] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160804170212/http://ughe.org/who-we-are/meet-the-team/agnes-binagwaho/ Kaminuza y’ubuzima bungana ku isi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910064741/https://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/03/visionary-agnes-binagwaho Ishami ry’abana n’ikigo cya Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy and Clinical Care, College ya Dartmouth] Guverinoma: * [http://www.moh.gov.rw Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150907184413/http://statistics.gov.rw/ Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare] Umuntu ku giti cye: * [http://dr-agnes.blogspot.com/ Blog ya Binagwaho] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abana]] [[Category:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abaganga b'abana]] [[Category:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Category:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] j5miqbq279xxr37podkfbn58mig81iw 0 8534 77242 76234 2021-08-09T19:30:33Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki Umugabekazi ni inyito yitwaga nyina w'Umwami. Umugabekazi (izina mu [[Cyongereza]] a Queen mother or a dowager queen) [[Dosiye:Jean_d'_Amour_NTIRENGANTA_with_Queen_of_the_Netherlands_-_Maxima_-_During_Food_first_conference_-_Copy.jpg|thumb|Umunyarwanda Jean d' Amour NTIRENGANYA n' umugabekazi wa Netherlands - Maxima, mu inama yo guteza imbere imirire myiza.]] == Mu Rwanda == Ubutegetsi bw'ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda rwo hambere bwari bushingiye k'umwami ariwe nyir'igihugu ariko bukagenda bugira izindi nzego cyangwa abandi bantu batandukanye bagendaga bafasha cyangwa se bunganiraga Umwami uri ku ngomba mu buryo butandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |accessdate=2020-10-13 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013194659/https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Amatwara y'Ingoma-Ngabe aboneka mu bwiru; yavugaga ko iyo umwami yimaga, yimanaga na nyina, umwana akaba umwami w'igihugu, undi akaba umugabekazi wacyo, Umugabekazi akaba yaranganyaga ububasha n'Umwami. ibyemezo byose biyobora igihugu bakabifatira hamwe, ariko nanone nubwo amahame ya cyami yavugaga ko abagore bose ari ab'Umwami, ntibishaka kuvugako umugore w'Umwami wese umugabekazi. Umwami yagiraga Umwamikazi umwe, abandi bakaba inshoreke. bityo rero umwamikazi yagiraga aho akomoka akaba ari nawe uzaba umugabekazi, agategekana n'umuhungu we igihe Umwami yabaga [http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Ikeshamvugo yatanze.]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |accessdate=2020-10-13 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013194659/https://umusare.co.rw/isomero/amateka-yu-rwanda-ibyo-wamenya-ku-itorwa-numumaro-wabagabekazi-mu-butegetsi-bwa-cyami |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Queen_Mother_Nyiramavugo_III_Kankazi_palace_ruins.jpg|thumb|Queen Mother Nyiramavugo III Kankazi palace ruins]] == Amateka n'imishyirirweho y'abagabekazi == Amateka agaragaza ko kuva Gihanga yahanga ingoma nyiginya y'I Gasabo, aha ndavuga ahasaga mu w'1090 kugeza mu w'1124, Abamikazi ari nabo bavagamo abagabekazi bagiraga imiryango n'ubwoko bakomokagamo. umuryango bakomokagamo witwaga IBIBANDA. ibibanda bwari ubwoko bubyara abagabekazi. [[Dosiye:The_Shelter_of_the_Last_Queen_of_Rwanda_Rosarie_Gicanda.jpg|thumb|Icumbi ry'umugabekazi wanyuma w' u Rwanda Rosarie Gicanda]] == Umumaro w'Umugabekazi == Umugabekazi yabaga afite ububasha mu gufata ibyemezo, ubwo bubasha yabugiraga nyuma yuko umuhungu we yimye Ingoma akaba umwami. kuko mugihe yabaga ari Umwamikazi yaherekezaga umwami mu birori cyangwa mu butumire butandukanye ari ntabyemezo ashobora kugiramo uruhare kugeza Umwami atanze umuhungu we akima Ingoma.<ref>http://igicumbi.com/index.php/amateka/ibwami/item/571-rwanda-ibintu-20-wamenya-ku-mwamikazi-rosalie-gicanda</ref> == Amafoto == == Notes == == Imiyoboro == cquy13yy7warvdd8wb345tbg5d1qxem 0 8535 73753 73637 2020-10-20T20:42:53Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Gender equality in Rwanda]] to [[Uburinganire bw'ibitsina byombi mu Rwanda]]: An English title on the RW WP page not appropriate wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] [[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'u Rwanda]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire''' . Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe abagore. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi . Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer . Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]] . Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Kigali, kaminuza ya Umeå, Suwede, na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kkfxrghk576wkxo48mxgmr2q2rsmhia 0 8536 73639 73638 2020-10-13T07:30:27Z Byimana 9187 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/970275563|Gender equality in Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] [[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ibendera ry'u Rwanda]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire''' . Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe abagore. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi . Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer . Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]] . Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Kigali, kaminuza ya Umeå, Suwede, na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kduxcqweuoh3x83g629fbxlxs8o2ar3 0 8537 76943 76916 2021-08-04T02:23:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kinyarwanda_house.jpg|thumb|Umuco w'abanyarwanda ba kera warangwaga no kucanirana imigani ndetse no gusakuza.|center|320x320px]] Umuntu aca amarenga ashaka kubwira uwo baziranye, icyo adashaka kubwira abamwumva bose. Ashobora kwita umuntu "giti mu jisho" 'kariharya'nayandi mazina.Iyo begeranye ashobora kumucinya icyara cyangwa se akamukandagira. === Ibisobanuro by'incamarenga === ==== Aha na he? ==== Iri jambo umuntu aribwira undi ari nk'aho yamubajije uruendo arimo aho ruzamugeza. ukubajije iri jambo umubwira aho uvuye n\aho ugiye n'ikikujyanye iyo ari ngombwa ko ukimumenyesh. Iri jambo uribwira uwo mureshya cyangwa uwo uruta, ntiwaribwira uwo ukwiye gutinya. ==== Agacuma k'amagambo ==== Umuntu bita agacuma k'amagambo baba bamunegura uburondogozi n'ubuzimuzi. uriya muntu ntiwamubitsa ibanga ni agacuma k'amagambo. ==== Amabere arikora ==== Ababyeyi bonsa bavuga ko iyo bari kure y'abana babo, iyo barize babyumviraku mabere. N'umubyeyi utonsa iyo umwana we agize icyo aba niyo yaba ari mukuru aravuga ati "amabere arikoze, sinzi ikibaye kumwana wanjye". Abahanga bene ibyo babyita "telepathy" kuko upfushije umuntu acika umugongo na mbere yo kumva iyo nkuru mbi. ==== Amazi atemba ageze he? ==== Iyo umuntu ashaka kumvisha abandi ko umunsi ukuze,arababwira ati " ko mugirango si kera ubu amazi atemba ageze he? ==== Areshya na shyari ==== [[Dosiye:Rwandan_old_Man_playing_Igisoro_sharing_drinks_in_traditional_tool_called_AGACUMA.jpg|thumb|Abanyarwanda bohambere baganiraga basangirira ku AGACUMA kamwe ariko bigisha urubyiruko imigani itandukanye y'ururimi gakondo|center|480x480px]] Shyari ni umusozi muremure. Umuntu muremure cyane niwe bavugiraho ko areshya na shyari. ==== Areshya n'aho bwakereye ==== Nanone umuntu ukabije uburebure, abagufi n'abaciriritse bamunegura bavuga ko areshya n'aho bwakereye. Umenya kumunegura nijoro bitabaho kuko ntibavuga ngo areshya n'aho bwiriye. ==== Areshya n'impyiko y'[[ihene]] ==== Aya magambo bayavugira ku muntu bamunegura ko akabije kuba mugufi. ==== Arirenga ararahira ==== Hari ubwo bakeka umuntu bakavuga bati "naka niwe wakoze ibi n'ibi" iyo abihakanye avuga ko bamubeshyera ashobora kugerekaho indahiro. Ubwo rero iyo abari bamuketse babisubiyemo baganira umwe ashobora kubwira undi ati "yarirenze ararahira ati barambeshyera. Kwirenga bisobanura ko yabikoze yihanukiriye ababaye kandi rakaye. ==== Bazirunge zibe isogo ==== Isogo ni imboga zimera hafi y'urugoahantu haheruka isuka. Hari imboga zitwa isogi nazo zimera hafi y'urugo. Kurunga ni ugushyira amavuta y'inka mu biryo. Ibirunge by'isogi bavuga ko biryoha cyane nyamara ibirunge by'isogo ntaburyohe bigira. Bazirunge zibe isogo rero babivugira ku muntu bagaya, n'ubwo yashoboraga gukora ibyiza yananiwe kubikora kubera ingeso n'imico mibi asanganywe. ==== Byahe byo kajya ==== Aya magambo bayavuga bahakana ko ibyo babakekaho ntabyo bafite. Uravuga ngo mfite ibyashara byinshi, byahe byo kajya. ==== Cukira aho ==== Aya magambo bayabwira umuntu bamwiyama. Iyo umwana acutse ntiyongera konka umuntu ucukiye aho nawe ntiyongera gukora ibyo bamubujije. ==== Findi findi ==== Findi findi ni uguhishahisha ibyo umuntu agambiriyeukaba utamenya aho abogamiye. [[Dosiye:Agaseke_art.jpg|thumb|Abari bohambere barangwaga no guca bugufi bakumvira ababyeyi ndetse akenshi babaga baboha Agaseke.|center|420x420px]] ==== Guca bugufi ==== Bavuga ko abantu baciye bugufi ari rubanda rusanzwe bityo guca bugufi ni ukwiyoroshya naho kwirata ni ukwishyira hejuru. Guca bugufi ni ukugaragara nk'uworoheje nyamara washoboraga kugaragara nk'ukomeye. ==== Guca imbyaro ==== Umukecuru bavuga ko yaciye imbyaro bashaka kuvuga ko yacuze. Guca imbyaro ni ukuba utagishoboye kubyara. ==== Guca iteka ==== Iteka mu bwinshi ni amateka. Iyo tuvuga [[amateka]] muri iki gihe humvikana inkuru za kera nyamara mu kinyarwanda cyo hambere amateka byasobanuraga amategeko. Guca iteka rero ni ugushyiraho itegeko; umwami yaciye iteka rica urugomo urwo ni urugero. ==== Guca mu maso ==== Ushobora kubona umuntu ugasanga atari ubwa mbere umubonaariko ukayoberwa aho umuzi. Iyo akurushije kwibuka ashobira kukubaza ati uranyibuka nawe uti ndabona unciye mu maso. Iyo uyobewe uwo wigeze kumenya aba aguciye mu maso. ==== Guca mu ijambo ==== Iyo umuntu avuga undi akamuvugiramo atarasoza ijambo rye aba amuciye mu ijambo. Uwavugaga mbere ibye ntibyumvikana kuko umuvugiyemo adatuma asobanura ibyo yari atangiye kuvuga. ==== Guca umutaru cyangwa kurenga umutaru ==== Ahantu hareshya naho umuntu yataruka rimwe haba ari hagufi cyane. guca umutaru ni ugukora akagendo gato cyane. iyi uuze uti nari ntaraca umutaru cyangwa nari ntararenga umutaru uba uvuze ko wari ukiri hafi cyane ==== Guca urwa mbeehe ==== Imbehe niyo yahoze ari isahani y'umunyarwanda Guca urubanza ugamije kubona ibyo ushyira kwisahani ni uguca urwa mbeehe, muri iki gihe bavuga ko umucamanza yariye ruswa. ==== Gucana igishyito ==== Nta kindi umunyarwanda yagiraga yashoboraga gukoresha kugirango abashe kubona ni joromunzu keretse umuriro wo muziko. Bityo rero iyo habaga impamvu ituma abantu barara bicaye byari ngombwa ko umuriro urara waka; bene uwo muriro niwo bita igishyito. Gucana igishyito ni ugucana umuriro w'inkwi zikomeye maze ukagumaho igihe kirekire. Iyo umubyeyi yabyaraga ari ku kiriri bamucaniraga igishyito. Niho umuhango wo kujya guhemba bakajyana inkwi wavuye. ==== Gucika amakendero ==== Gukendera ni ukubura uko ubigenza, kubura uwo utabaza cyangwa kubura wirwanishaho. iyo bavuze ngo yumvise uko byagenze acika amakendero baba bavuze ko yihebye agacika intege akamera nk'ugushije ishyano. ==== Gucika kw'icumu ==== Iyo abantu bari hamwe bagapfa uvuyemo agakira ku bwa mahirwe aba acitse kw'icumu. ==== Gucika ururondogoro ==== Kurondogora ni ukuvuga amagambo menshi kuburyo bihinduka ikinegu. Iyo umuntu yahuye n'amakuba amaganya aba menshi iyo uwo muntu aganyira umuhisi n'umugenzi baravuga ngo yacitse ururondogoro. Umuntu ashobora no gucika ururondogoro kubera inkuru nziza atari yiteze. ==== Gucura inkumbi ==== Iyo ingabo ziri ku rugamba zirwana uwishe undi bavuga ko yamucuze inkumbi. Gucura inkumbi ni ukwica umuntu. imodoka yai imucuze inkumbi; imodoka yari imwishe. ==== Gucyura ubuhoro ==== Ni umushumba baba bavuga ucyuye amatungo ye ubuhoro. Uwo bita mucyurabuhoro ni umunyamugisha; ucyura ubuhoro aba azanye umugisha mu rugo. ==== Gufatanwa igihanga ==== Icyemeza ko umuntu yibye itungo akaribaga akarirya nuko bamusangana igihanga cyaryo, kukocyo udashobora kukirya. Bityo rero iyo batanye umuntu ikimenyetso ko yibye bavuga ko bamufatanye igihanga. ==== Gufatirwa mu cyuho ==== Iyo umujura apfumuye urugo cyangwa inzu ashaka aho anyura ngo ajye kwiba aho hantu bahita icyuho. kumufatira aho hantu rero bimeze nko kumufatana igihanga ntashobora guhakana ubujura. Gufatirwa mu cyuho ni ugufatwa urimo kwiba. ==== Guhabwa urwaho ==== Umnuntu ashobora gushaka kukugirira nabi akabura aho ahera, kumuha urwaho ni ukumuha urwitwazo akabona icyo yuririraho ==== Guhabwa rugari ==== Ni urubuga baba bavuga. Guhabwa urubuga rugari ni ukwemererwa kwisanzura ==== Guhambanwa ikara ==== Kera abanyarwanda batinyaga abazimu cyane. Iyo umuntu yapfaga nta mwana w'umuhungu asize batinyaga kumuhamba nk'abandi bantu. Baribwiraga bati umuzimu we ninde uzawuterekera? Bagakeka ko azamerera nabi abantu bo mu muryango bityo bakamuhambana ikara ry'umuriro ngo babe bamuterekereye mbere y'igihe. Guhambanwa ikara ni kimwe no kuvuga gupfa bucike ==== Guheka amaboko ==== Kubere ko umugongo ugenewe guheka umwana guheka amaboko bishushanya kubura umwana uheka. Ni bibi rero guheka amaboko; uwabituka undi ngo aragaheka amabokoaba amututse gupfusha umwana. ==== Guheta icumu ==== Kera iyo ingabo zatabarukaga zivuye ku rugamba, zikaza kwiyereka umwami zagendaga kuri gahundazibanguye amacumuburi wese azamuye icumu rye. Ubwo rero uwabaga yarishe umubisha ku rugamba byagaragazwaga n'uko yahese ikigembe cyi cumu rye. Guheta icumu ni ukwerekana ubutwari ku rugamba. ==== Guhinga ubudehe ==== Abahinzi benshi mu murima baba bahinga ubudehe, iyo bahingira inzoga. Guhinga ubudehe mu mvugo ijimije ni ukuvuyanga ibintu n'abantu. Iyo bavuze ngo kanaka abakozi be yabahinzemo ubudehe baba bavuze ko yabavurunganyije akabamerera nabi. ==== Gukamurira undi umuravumba mu zuru ==== Umuravumba iyo bawushyize mu mazuru uraryana cyane.Iyo umuntu abeshye undi bikomeye cyaneakemera akayobabavuga ko uwamushutse yamukamuriye umuravumba mu zuru. ==== Gukoma akamo ==== Gukoma akamo ni ugutera ijwi hejuru. Aho bitandukaniye no kuvuza induru nuko uvuza induru akubita urushyi ku munwa kandi akavuga cyane ataka.Akamo kagira injyana yaho. akamo k'abahigi, akamo k'abashumba, akamo k'ingabo byose biratandukanye. ==== Gukoma yombi ==== Kera amashyi yari ayumwami wenyine, gukoma yombi byari ukuramya umwami, wamugeraga imbere ugakoma yombi ukabona kuvuga ikikugenza. ==== Gukubita amaguru y'ubusa ==== Gukubita amaguru y'ubusa ni ugukora urugendo ntugere ku cyakujyanye. Iyo ugiye ahantu ugasanga umuntu washakaga adahari uba ukubise amaguru y'ubusa ==== Gukubitwa n'inkuba ==== Ukubiswe n'inkuba naho itamwica imukura umutima. Hari ibintu ubona cyangwa wumva bikagukura umutimaiyo ubisubiriramo abandi ubibatekerereza ushobora kubabwira ko wabyumvise cyangwa wabibonye ugakubitwa n'inkuba. Uba ushaka kubabwira ko byari biteye ubwoba. ==== Gupfa agasoni ==== Gupfa umuntu agasoni ni ukumwubaha cyangwa kumwihanganira. Iyo uvuze uti 'ntawe ukimpfa agasoni" uba uvuze ko basigaye bagusuzugura. Umupfasoni ni umuntu wo kubahwa. Gupfa umuntu agasoni ni ukwanga kumutesha agaciro. ==== Gupfa urw'ikirago ==== Iyo umuntu yapfuye bakunze kubaza icyamwishe, uwishwe nindwara bavuga ko yapfuye urw'ikirago. abanyarwanda baryamaga mu birago nicyo cyatumye bavuga ngo yapfuye ari mu kirago. ==== Gupfa urwo baseka ==== Haseka uwishimye, usetse uwapfuye aba ari umushinyaguzi. uwapfuye urwo baseka ntaba yarapfuye ngo bamushyingure aba yarapfuye ahagaze yarahindutse igishungero yarabaye iciro ry'imigani. ==== Gusaba nk'uwahetswe mu ngobyi y'insabano ==== Bivugirwa ku muntu usaba hato na hato kuburyo abandi bamwinuba. ==== Gusasa inzobe ==== Inzobe ni inyamaswa igira uruhu rwiza. kera uwo bitaga uwambaye inzobe babaga bamuhaye igisingizo. Uruhu rw'inzobe rwisasirwaga n'umuntu ukomeye. Gusasa inzobe cyakora ntibyerekeranye no kuryama ahubwo byerekeranye no kwicara abantu bakaganira. Gusasa inzobe bivugwa iyo abantu biteguye kwicara bakaganira bakabwizanya ukuri ntawe uryarya abandi. ==== Gushinga ijosi ==== Ijosi nubusanzwe ntirirambitse rirahagaritse. kurishinga ni uguhagarara wemyeukarirega ureba imbere bikagaragaza guhangana nuwo murebana. Ni ikimenyetso cyo gusuzugura uwo ushingiye ijosi. uwo wubashye umuhagarara imbere ugonze ijosi usa n'uwenda kureba hasi. Gushinga ijosi ni imvugo yerekeye ku gasuzuguro. ==== Gushira amanga ==== Amanga akomoka ku nshinga kwanga. Iyo wanze gukora ikintu uba ufite impamvu zibigutera. Gushira amanga bivugirwa ku gikorwa umuntu atinyutse gukora kandi ubundi yakagombye gutinya kugikora atinya kukizira. kuvuga ushize amanga ni ugutinyuka kuvuga ku mugaragaro ibyo wagatinye kuvuga iyo ugira ubwoba.Hari igisakuzo kigira giti kashira amanga karakanyagwa bakakica bagira bati agasazi kagwa ku ruhanga rw'umwami. gushira amanga ni ugutinyuka. ==== Gushira isoni ==== Isoni zishobora kuba mbi iyo ziguteye gukora nabi. Ugize isoni zo gutinya kuvuga kandi wagombaga kuvuga wabigayirwa. naho gushira isoni bivugirw ku muntu usuzugura wanze gukora icyo umukuriye yamushinze.Umwana shira isoni iyo yanzze gukora umurimo ababyeyi bamutegetse. ==== Gushira ubwena ==== Icyena ni ahantu hatebeye uhagereranije n'ahandi byegeranye. Inka iyo ishonje bavuga ko ifite icyena. gushira ubwena ni uguhaga. ==== Gushoka isibo ==== Isibo rirangwa no kwihuta n'ikivunge. Kugenda mw'isibo ni ukugendamu kivunge cy'abantu benshi kandi wihuta. Intore zigiye guhamiriza zishoka isibo, ushobora kumva hari uwo basingiza bamwita sibo y'intore. ==== Gusuzugura nk'ingunzu ==== Ingunzu ni inyamaswa iba mu ishyamba iteye nk'imbwa. Igira ibara ry'ikijuju igakunda kuba ahantu hari ibitare by'amabuye kuburyo usanga hari ahantu hitwa ku butare bw'ingunzu.Iyo umuntu ayisanze ku nzira imurebera ku rutugu nicyo gituma bavuga ko isuzugura. Gusuzugura nk'ingunzu bivugirwa ku muntu ukabya gusuzugura n'umuvugishije akamusubiza ubona atabishaka. ==== Guta igiti ==== Ahantu habaye ibyago bagiraga umuhango wo gucana umuriro, uwo muriro ugakomeza gucanwa mu kiriyo. Umunsi wo gusoza ikiriyo bakawuzimya; igiti gisigaye kitaraka ntago bakirekeraga aho ngo bazagicane ubundi ahubwo bajyaga kugita kure. Guta igiti rero ni ugusoza ikiriyo. ==== Guta umuzizi ==== Iyo inzoga iri mukabindi aho igarukira niho bita umuzizi wayo. Iyo basomyeho iramanukamaho umuzizi wahoze ukahava. ubwo iba itaye umuzizi. ==== Guteka ijabiro ==== Umwami iyo yicaye bavuga ko atetse. Aho ateka hitwa ijabiro. Guteka ijabiro kuru byavugirwa ku mukuru w'igihugu uri munteko. ==== Guteta ubumena ifu ==== Umwana muto akinisha ibintu byose ndetse niyo yangije birihanganirwa bikabarirwa ku wabyandaritse. Umwana ukina ibyo akora babyita guteta, guteta ubumena ifu ni ugukabya haba harimo nubugoryi. Iyo babwiye umuntu ngo arateta ubumena ifu baba bamubwiye akabije kwangiza. ==== Gutsinda akabero ==== Imyicarire y'abakobwa bo hambere kwari ugutsinda akabero. Gutsinda akabero byavugirwaga ku muntu uguwe neza bati yatsinze akabero bashaka kuvuga ko ntacyo yishisha. ==== Guturuka iyo gihera ==== Iyo umuntu arebye kure abona ijuru rifatanye n'ubutaka, abakera bibwiraga ko ahongaho ariho igihugu kigarukira, aho giherera.Guturuka iyo gihera ni uguturuka kure cyane. ==== Haba niyo munda ngo ijorore ==== Kujorora ni ukuvuga kw'inzoka yo munda. Iyo uvuze ko nta ninzoka yo munda yajoroye nukuvuga ko nta no guhigima kwabayeho usibye no kuvuga. Baramutse bakubwiye ko wateye amahane ku muntu ushobora gusubiza uti haba niyo munda ngo izajorore ushaka kuvuga ko bakubeshyera ntacyo wigeze uvuga. ==== Ibyo ntibyancira ishati ==== Kugirango umwambaro ucike umuntu aba yakoze umurimo w'imbaraga, iyo uvuze uti ibyo ntibyancira ishati uba uvuze ko ibyo bintu nta kamaro bigufitiye utabivunikira. ==== Ijoro riraguye ==== Iyo izuba rimaze kurenga umugoroba ukubye baba babona ko bugiye kwira ijoro rigiye kugwa maze bagahagarika imirimo yose. iyo ijoro riguye nukuvuga ko buba butangiye kwira ==== Ijoro rirajigije ==== Inka y'ijigija ni inka ikuze ariko itarasaza, n'umugabo w'ijigija ni uri mu kigero kiri hagati y'ubusore n'ubusaza.Iyo ijoro rijigije riba rikuze ni nyuma y'igicuku. kuvuga ko ijoro rijigije ni kimwe no kuvuga ko ijoro rikuze. ==== Ikibyimbye kimeneke ==== Iyo abantu bafite icyo bapfa umwe aba arakariye undi yifuza icyo yamubonaho ngo akimurege. Umwe rero ashobora gukora ikintu aziko kiri burakaze undi ariko akavuga ngo ikibyimbye kimeneke ninkaho yakavuze ati nashaka avuge nashaka arorere nashaka andege nashaka arorere. nukuvuga ngo uburakari amfitiye nibushaka buturike. ==== Ikizaba nzanywa umuti ==== Abanyarwanda bemeraga ko hari igikorwa kizira wakora ukabemba cyangwa ugapfa. Ubwo rero iyo wagikoraga baguhaga umuti kugirango utagira icyo uba. iyo umuntu bamubuza gukora ikintu akanga akagikora ashobora kuvuga ati ikizaba nzanywa umuti ni nkaho yavuze ko yemeye ingaruka zose zizamubaho. ==== Imbara na mbariro ==== Iyi mvugo ikoreshwa batangarira igihe kirekire gishize bakagira bati imbara byabereye ntibirangira! cyangwa bati imbara na mbariro byabereye!aya magambo ashobora kuba akomoka kw'ijambo kubara byo kubara inkuru. Ni nko kuvuga ngo iyo nkuru aho yabereye bayibara bakongera bakayibara imbara na mbariro. == Notes == Karori Kayigana(2011)''.Imigani migufi n'incamarenga bisobanuye'' (Mutarama,2011 ed.),p101. a5rine07qj24drbza1qd8uz5s9ebuvf 0 8538 77290 76286 2021-08-09T20:05:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:François Kanimba.png|thumb|François Kanimba]] [[Dosiye:The Minister of Trade & Industry, Rwanda, Mr. Kanimba Francois meeting the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Shri K.H. Muniyappa, in New Delhi on March 19, 2013.jpg|thumb|Francais kanimba in 2013 in Delhi]] '''François Kanimba''' ni impuguke n'inararibonye mu bukungu n'ibarurishamibare. == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == '''François Kanimba''' yavutse taliki kuwa 18 werurwe 1958, avukira mu Murenge wa Kamegeri, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe (hahoze ari Gikongoro). Ababyeyi be bari abahinzi, iwabo uretse Kanimba Francois abandi kwiga byarabananiye, bava mu ishuri bajya gucuruza. '''Kanimba''' yize amashuri abanza kuva mu 1963 kugera 1971, amashuri y'isumbuye yayize mu ishuri ry'isumbuye rya Runyombyi kuva mu 1971 kugera 1977. Kanimba kandi yize muri kaminuza i [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa]] aho yize ibijyanye ni ibarurishamibare mu ubukungu kuva mu 1977 kugera mu 1983.<ref>https://umubavu.com/amateka/article/AMWE-MU-MATEKA-YA-MINISTER-Francois-KANIMBA</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == '''François Kanimba''' arangije amashuri yagarutse mu [[Rwanda]] aho kuva mu mwaka wa 1984 kugera 1995 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y'igenamigambi ya Leta. Kuva mu 1995 yagiye gukora mu ishami rya [[Banki y'isi]] i [[Kigali]] nk'impuguke mu bukungu. Kanimba yabaye visi guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda]] kuva mu 2000 kugera mu 2002. Nyuma yabaye guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda]] kuva mu 2002 kugera mu 2011. Kanimba kandi yabaye [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028105716/http://www.minicom.gov.rw/index.php?id=1 Minisitiri w'inganda n'ubucuruzi] kuva muri 2011 kugera mu 2017, Kanimba kandi niwe watangije polite ya Leta y'ibikorerwa mu Rwanda ([[Made in Rwanda]]) mu mwaka wa 2015<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/Kanimba-Francois-Imyaka-34-mu-bukungu-bw-u-Rwanda</ref>. kuva muri kanama 2020 '''Kanimba''' ni Komiseri ushinzwe Isoko Rusange, Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’imari by’[https://ceeac-eccas.org/ umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (ECCAS)].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kanimba-appointed-eccas-commissioner</ref> == Ibindi wareba == * [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y'u Rwanda]] * [[Monique Nsanzabaganwa|Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa]] == Reba == [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukungu]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Banki nkuru y'U Rwanda]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Inararibonye]] i37sg0ovybgpd0o5vol4i8d47qtchsr 0 8540 77736 73791 2021-08-15T16:35:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zozibini_Tunzi_en_La_Prensa_Gráfica.jpg|thumb|242x242px|Zozibini Tunzi yabonye ikamba ryo mwirushanwa ry'ubwiza rikomeye cyane rya Miss Universe 2019]] '''Zozibini Tunzi''' (wavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1993) ni umunyamideli wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba anafite ikamba ryo mwirushanwa ry'ubwiza rikomeye cyane rya Miss Universe 2019 . Tunzi yari yarahawe ikamba rya Nyampinga wa Afrika yepfo 2019 . Ni umukobwa wa gatatu ukomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo wegukanye iri kamba, akaba numwiraburakazi wa mbere uryegukanye nyuma ya Leila Lopes wegukanye ikamba rya Miss Universe 2011 . Intsinzi ye, yatumye 2019 iba umwaka wambere amarushanwa y'ubwiza ane yose akomeye yo muri Amerika yegukanywa n'abiraburakazi; abandi bafite amakamba ni Nia Franklin ( Miss America 2019 ), Kaliegh Garris ( Miss Teen USA 2019 ), na Cheslie Kryst ( Miss USA 2019 ). Byongeye kandi, 2019 niyo yabaye umwaka wa mbere abiraburakazi batsindiye amarushanwa abiri akomeye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y'ubwiza kuko na Toni-Ann Singh wo muri Jamaica yatsindiye Miss World 2019 . == Ubuzima bwe hambere == Tunzi yavukiye i Tsolo, mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, ni mwene Philiswa Nodapu na Lungisa Tunzi, yakuriye mu mudugudu uri hafi ya Sidwadweni. Iwabo bavutse ari abakobwa bane. Nyuma Tunzi yaje kwimukira i Cape Town, atura mu nkengero za Gardens kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula . Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi mu micungire y’imibanire rusange muri 2018. Muri 2017, Tunzi yakoraga umurimo wo kwamamaza imideli, yaratuye mu burasirazuba bwa London, Cape . Mbere yo gutsindira ikamba rya Nyampinga w'Afurika y'Epfo, Tunzi yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'imicungire y’imibanire rusange muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula, yanakoraga akazi ko kwimenyereza umwuga mu ishami ry’imibanire rusange muri Ogilvy Cape Town . == Ibihe by'ingenzi mu mwuga we == [[Dosiye:Zozibini_Tunzi_Attending_Puteri_Indonesia_2020_(2).jpg|thumb|Zozibini Tunzi agirira uruzinduko muri Indonesia]] === Miss Universe === ==== Nyampinga w'Afrika y'epfo 2019 ==== Tunzi yatangiye kwiyamamaza mu marushanwa y'ubwiza mu 2017, ubwo yemererwaga kuba umwe mu bakobwa 26 bagombaga kurushanwa muri kimwe cya kabiri cya Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo 2017 ariko ntiyaharenga . Yagarutse mu marushanwa ya nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo mu 2019,maze ku ya 26 Kamena 2019, Tunzi yemererwa kuba umwe mu bakobwa 35 ba mbere bahatanira iri rushanwa, mu basabye bwa mbere. Nyuma yo kunyura imbere y'akanama nkemurampaka, Tunzi yatangajwe nkumwe muri cumi na batandatu bagombaga kurushanwa ku ya 11 Nyakanga. Nyuma yo gutorwa nk'umwe mu bahatanira umwanya wa nyuma, Tunzi yagiye kwitabira amarushanwa ya Nyampinga w'Afurika yepfo 2019 yabereye i Pretoria ku ya 9 Kanama. Yaje mu icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo babiri ba mbere kugeza ubwo yambitswe ikamba na Tamaryn Green wamubanjirije,umwanya w'igisonga cya mbere wegukanywe na Sasha-Lee Olivier. Nyuma yo gutsinda, Tunzi yakiriye ibihembo birimo amafaranga miliyoni 1 yamarandi akoreshwa muri Afurika y'epfo, imodoka nshya, inzu yo kubamo muri Sandton hafi ya Juwaneziburu, ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 5 zamarandi. Iryo kamba kandi ryahesheje Tunzi amahirwe yo guhagararira Afurika y'Epfo mu marushanwa ya Miss Universe 2019 . ==== Miss Universe 2019 ==== Tunzi yageze i Atalanta, Jeworujiya muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika guhatanira ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 mu Gushyingo 2019. Yitabiriye ijonjora ribanza ku ya 6 Ukuboza, yitabira igice gisoza ku ya 8 Ukuboza kuri Studiyo ya Tyler Perry . Muri iri rushanwa, Tunzi yazamutse muri makumyabiri ba mbere aricyo bita kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza nkumwe mubahize abandi ku mugabane wa Afurika n'Aziya-Pasifika. Nyuma yazamutse muri icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo batatu ba nyuma. Ibirori birangiye, Tunzi yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 na nyampinga wari ucyuye igihe Catriona Gray wo muri Filipine,Madison Anderson wo muri Porto Rico yabaye igisonga cya mbere naho Sofía Aragón wo muri Mexico aba igisonga cya kabiri. Intsinzi ya Tunzi ni ikamba rya gatatu rya Miss Universe ryari ritashye muri Afurika y'Epfo; niwe wambere wegukanye iri kamba afite umusatsi mugufi wa kinyafurika. Mu cyiciro cya nyuma, batatu ba mbere buri wese yabajijwe ikibazo kimwe: "Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato uyu munsi?" Tunzi asubiza agira ati: [[Dosiye:Puteri_Indonesia_2020_Crowning_Moment_(3).jpg|thumb|Puteri Indonesia 2020 Crowning Moment ]] Ntekereza ko ikintu cyingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abana babakobwa muri iki gihe ni ubuyobozi. Nikintu kimaze igihe kinini kibura mubakobwa n'abagore, atari ukubera ko tutabishaka ahubwo ni ukubera uko umuryango ufata abagore nigisobanuro uha izina ryabo. Ndibwira ko turi ibiremwa bikomeye cyane kwisi kandi ko tugomba guhabwa amahirwe yose kandi icyo nicyo dukwiye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato, gufata umwanya wibanze, ntakintu nakimwe cyingenzi nko gufata umwanya w'ibanze mumuryango no gushimangira uwo uriwe wowe ubwawe, murakoze Nka Miss Universe, Tunzi azaba mu mujyi wa New York, kandi azitabira ibirori byinshi ndetse no kugaragara kwisi yose. Nyuma yo gutsindira Miss Universe, Tunzi yasimbuwe nuwari igisonga cye cya mbere Sasha-Lee Olivier kumwanya wa Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo . Mu nshingano ze nka Miss Universe, Tunzi yagiye muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] , ajya mu mijyi itandukanye na leta zitandukanye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|zo muri Amerika]], ndetse n'igihugu cye cya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . == Aho byaturutse == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Miss South Africa official website * Zozibini Tunzi on Instagram * {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before={{Flagicon|Philippines}} [[Catriona Gray]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Universe]]|years=[[Miss Universe 2019|2019]]}} {{s-inc}} {{S-bef|before={{flagicon|Western Cape}} [[Tamaryn Green]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Miss South Africa]]|years=[[Miss South Africa 2019|2019]]}} {{S-aft|after={{nowrap|{{flagicon|Gauteng}} Sasha-Lee Olivier}}}} {{S-end}} [[Category:Amarushanwa y'ubwiza]] [[Category:Nyampinga]] [[Category:Nyampinga w'afurika y'epfo]] [[Category:Miss universe winners]] fpqe19gpvs3i6w3o9rqn77t447rw0tg 0 8541 78205 75128 2021-08-23T15:04:08Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri With Zozibini Tunzi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Tunzi wearing [[Kebaya]] together with [[Puteri Indonesia|Miss Universe Indonesia 2020]] [[Ayu Maulida|Raden Roro Ayu Maulida Putri]], as she attended [[Puteri Indonesia 2020]] coronation night.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dispar.kaltimprov.go.id/post/berita/puteri-indonesia-diharapkan-terus-promosikan-pariwisata-dan-ekonomi-kreatif-tanah-air|title=Puteri Indonesia Is Expected To Continue To Promote Tourism And The Country's Creative Economy|publisher=[[Ministry of Tourism (Indonesia)]]|date=March 11, 2020}}</ref>]] [[Dosiye:Zozibini_Tunzi_en_La_Prensa_Gráfica.jpg|thumb|Zozibini Tunzi]] '''''Inyandiko y'umwimerere''': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zozibini_Tunzi'' {{Infobox pageant titleholder|name=Zozibini Tunzi|image=Zozibini Tunzi en La Prensa Gráfica.jpg|caption=Tunzi in 2019|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1993|9|18|df=yes}} <!-- Sourced in "birthday"-->|birth_place=[[Tsolo|Tsolo, Eastern Cape]], South Africa|education=[[Cape Peninsula University of Technology]]|height=1.68 m|hair_color=[[Black hair|Black]]|eye_color=[[Eye color#Brown|Brown]]|title=* '''[[Miss South Africa|Miss Universe South Africa 2019]]''' * '''[[Miss Universe 2019]]'''|competitions=* '''[[Miss South Africa 2017]]''' ** ''(Top 26)'' * '''[[Miss South Africa 2019]]''' ** ''(Miss Universe South Africa 2019)'' * '''[[Miss Universe 2019]]''' ** ''(Winner)''|photo=|image_size=}} '''Zozibini Tunzi''' (wavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1993) ni umunyamideli wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba anafite ikamba ryo mwirushanwa ry'ubwiza rikomeye cyane rya Miss Universe 2019 . Tunzi yari yarahawe ikamba rya Nyampinga wa Afrika yepfo 2019 . Ni umukobwa wa gatatu ukomoka muri Afurika y'Epfo wegukanye iri kamba, akaba numwiraburakazi wa mbere uryegukanye nyuma ya Leila Lopes wegukanye ikamba rya Miss Universe 2011 . Intsinzi ye, yatumye 2019 iba umwaka wambere amarushanwa y'ubwiza ane yose akomeye yo muri Amerika yegukanywa n'abiraburakazi; abandi bafite amakamba ni Nia Franklin ( Miss America 2019 ), Kaliegh Garris ( Miss Teen USA 2019 ), na Cheslie Kryst ( Miss USA 2019 ). Byongeye kandi, 2019 niyo yabaye umwaka wa mbere abiraburakazi batsindiye amarushanwa abiri akomeye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y'ubwiza kuko na Toni-Ann Singh wo muri Jamaica yatsindiye Miss World 2019 . == Ubuzima bwe hambere == Tunzi yavukiye i Tsolo, mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, ni mwene Philiswa Nodapu na Lungisa Tunzi, yakuriye mu mudugudu uri hafi ya Sidwadweni. Iwabo bavutse ari abakobwa bane. Nyuma Tunzi yaje kwimukira i Cape Town, atura mu nkengero za Gardens kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula . Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi mu micungire y’imibanire rusange muri 2018. Muri 2017, Tunzi yakoraga umurimo wo kwamamaza imideli, yaratuye mu burasirazuba bwa London, Cape . Mbere yo gutsindira ikamba rya Nyampinga w'Afurika y'Epfo, Tunzi yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'imicungire y’imibanire rusange muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula, yanakoraga akazi ko kwimenyereza umwuga mu ishami ry’imibanire rusange muri Ogilvy Cape Town . == Ibihe by'ingenzi mu mwuga we == === Nyampinga wa Universe === ==== Nyampinga w'Afurika y'epfo 2019 ==== Tunzi yatangiye kwiyamamaza mu marushanwa y'ubwiza mu 2017, ubwo yemererwaga kuba umwe mu bakobwa 26 bagombaga kurushanwa muri kimwe cya kabiri cya Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo 2017 ariko ntiyaharenga . Yagarutse mu marushanwa ya nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo mu 2019,maze ku ya 26 Kamena 2019, Tunzi yemererwa kuba umwe mu bakobwa 35 ba mbere bahatanira iri rushanwa, mu basabye bwa mbere. Nyuma yo kunyura imbere y'akanama nkemurampaka, Tunzi yatangajwe nkumwe muri cumi na batandatu bagombaga kurushanwa ku ya 11 Nyakanga. Nyuma yo gutorwa nk'umwe mu bahatanira umwanya wa nyuma, Tunzi yagiye kwitabira amarushanwa ya Nyampinga w'Afurika yepfo 2019 yabereye i Pretoria ku ya 9 Kanama. Yaje mu icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo babiri ba mbere kugeza ubwo yambitswe ikamba na Tamaryn Green wamubanjirije,umwanya w'igisonga cya mbere wegukanywe na Sasha-Lee Olivier. Nyuma yo gutsinda, Tunzi yakiriye ibihembo birimo amafaranga miliyoni 1 yamarandi akoreshwa muri Afurika y'epfo, imodoka nshya, inzu yo kubamo muri Sandton hafi ya Juwaneziburu, ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 5 zamarandi. Iryo kamba kandi ryahesheje Tunzi amahirwe yo guhagararira Afurika y'Epfo mu marushanwa ya Miss Universe 2019 . ==== Nyampinga wa Universe 2019 ==== Tunzi yageze i Atalanta, Jeworujiya muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika guhatanira ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 mu Gushyingo 2019. Yitabiriye ijonjora ribanza ku ya 6 Ukuboza, yitabira igice gisoza ku ya 8 Ukuboza kuri Studiyo ya Tyler Perry . Muri iri rushanwa, Tunzi yazamutse muri makumyabiri ba mbere aricyo bita kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza nkumwe mubahize abandi ku mugabane wa Afurika n'Aziya-Pasifika. Nyuma yazamutse muri icumi ba mbere, hanyuma batanu ba mbere, hanyuma amaherezo batatu ba nyuma. Ibirori birangiye, Tunzi yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Universe 2019 na nyampinga wari ucyuye igihe Catriona Gray wo muri Filipine,Madison Anderson wo muri Porto Rico yabaye igisonga cya mbere naho Sofía Aragón wo muri Mexico aba igisonga cya kabiri. Intsinzi ya Tunzi ni ikamba rya gatatu rya Miss Universe ryari ritashye muri Afurika y'Epfo; niwe wambere wegukanye iri kamba afite umusatsi mugufi wa kinyafurika. Mu cyiciro cya nyuma, batatu ba mbere buri wese yabajijwe ikibazo kimwe: "Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato uyu munsi?" Tunzi asubiza agira ati: "Ntekereza ko ikintu cyingenzi twakagombye kwigisha abana babakobwa muri iki gihe ni ubuyobozi. Nikintu kimaze igihe kinini kibura mubakobwa n'abagore, atari ukubera ko tutabishaka ahubwo ni ukubera uko umuryango ufata abagore nigisobanuro uha izina ryabo. Ndibwira ko turi ibiremwa bikomeye cyane kwisi kandi ko tugomba guhabwa amahirwe yose kandi icyo nicyo dukwiye kwigisha abakobwa bakiri bato, gufata umwanya wibanze, ntakintu nakimwe cyingenzi nko gufata umwanya w'ibanze mumuryango no gushimangira uwo uriwe wowe ubwawe, murakoze" Nka Miss Universe, Tunzi azaba mu mujyi wa New York, kandi azitabira ibirori byinshi ndetse no kugaragara kwisi yose. Nyuma yo gutsindira Miss Universe, Tunzi yasimbuwe nuwari igisonga cye cya mbere Sasha-Lee Olivier kumwanya wa Nyampinga wa Afurika y'epfo . Mu nshingano ze nka Miss Universe, Tunzi yagiye muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] , ajya mu mijyi itandukanye na leta zitandukanye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|zo muri Amerika]], ndetse n'igihugu cye cya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] == Imiyoboro == * [https://www.misssa.co.za/ Miss South Africa official website] * [https://www.instagram.com/zozitunzi/ Zozibini Tunzi on Instagram] [[Category:Amarushanwa y'ubwiza]] [[Category:Nyampinga]] [[Category:Nyampinga w'afurika y'epfo]] 8zuyvvc6m3se9ld4jfz45irqufjushf 0 8542 73760 73759 2020-10-20T22:00:41Z Shemaamani 9172 /* Ubuzima bw'umukobwa wumu Maasai */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bw'umukobwa wu mu Maasai == [[File:Maasai_girls_celebrating_the_arp_0.jpg|thumb]] Kimwe n'abagore benshi bakennye bo mu bihugu by'[[afurika]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Africa|date=2020-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=983626185|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref>­, umubare munini w'abagore ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] muri [[Kenya]] bagenewe kubaho mu bukene no gukandamizwa mu muco. Igisekuru kimwe gishize, munsi ya 20% byabagore ba [[Abamasayi|masayi]] muri [[Kenya]] biyandikishije mwishuri. Uyu munsi, nubwo amashuri abanza yubusa muri Kenya kuva muri Mutarama 2003, 48% byabakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bonyine ni bo biyandikisha mumashuri, naho 10% byabakobwa ni bo bonyine biga mumashuri yisumbuye Ubusanzwe, abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] barakebwa(ibyo wakwita gusiramurwa cg guca imyeyo<ref>https://www.urwego.com/2017/07/guca-imyeyouko-naciye-imyeyo.html</ref>) hagati yimyaka 11 na 13 hanyuma bidatinze bashakana numugabo watowe na se kugirango babone inka namafaranga. Umugore wo mu [[Abamasayi|masayi]] ntazigera yemererwa gutana, usibye mu bihe bikomeye cyane byo guhohoterwa ku mubiri, kandi ntazigera yemererwa kongera gushaka, kabone niyo umugabo se yahisemo ari umusaza upfa akiri ingimbi. Ahubwo, ahinduka umutungo wa murumuna wa mugabo we. Azaba umwe mu bagore benshi, kandi azabyara abana benshi, atitaye ku buzima bwe cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kubatunga. Azahaguruka kare buri munsi , kandi amara iminsi akora urugendo rw'ibirometero kugera kumyobo yo kumesa imyenda no kubona amazi, no gukusanya imizigo myinshi yinkwi kugirango asubire murugo. Niba afite amahirwe, azagira indogobe yo kugabanya umutwaro we. Azabaho ubuzima bwiza bwumubiri, biterwa numugabo numuryango atahisemo. Icyizere cyo kubaho kwe ni imyaka 45. Niba wigisha umugore, Azamenya uburenganzira bwe kandi afite ikizere nubwigenge bwo kubahagurukira. Azahitamo uwo bazashyingiranwa nigihe cyo kurongora. Azagira abana bake, kandi bazagira ubuzima bwiza kandi bize neza kurusha ab'igihe cyabanjirije. Ntazakebya abakobwa biwe. Azagira umutekano mu bukungu. Azakoresha 90 ku ijana yinjiza mumuryango we, ugereranije na 35% umugabo wize yakoresha. Azafasha gutunga ababyeyi be. Ntazibagirwa aho yaturutse. Ariko igitutu cyumuco kirwanya uburezi bwabagore ntakintu na kimwe kigufi. [[abamasayi]] n' umwe mu moco akennye cyane muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Africa</ref> y'Iburasirazuba. Abantu b'icyubahiro kandi biyubashye, bishimiye imibereho yabo gakondo n'imico yabo nubwo bahura n'ibibazo by'isi ya none. Babaho mubuzima bwimuka borora inka nihene, bambaye imyenda gakondo, kandi baba mumidugudu mito yitwa manyatta<ref>https://www.governorscamp.com/community-conservation/masai-manyatta/</ref>, aribwo buryo bwo kuzenguruka amazu y’ibyondo. Ariko kongera ubutaka muri mumidugudu ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] ya [[Kenya]] yose bibangamiye umuco wabo wimuka, kandi igitutu cyo kwemera impinduka kiriyongera. Hamwe nicyo gitutu iraza gukenera byihutirwa kwigisha igisekuru cyabahungu nabakobwa. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umuco wabo, ariko, [[abamasayi]] bemeye gahunda ihakana abagore uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu: uburenganzira bwo kwiga; uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imibiri yabo, uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo nigihe cyo kurongora, uburenganzira bwo gutanga igitekerezo. [[File:Taken_in_kenya_maasai.jpg|thumb]] == Bariyeri kuburezi == <small>Inzitizi-ku-burezi</small>, Abakobwa bagomba guhura nimbogamizi nyinshi kugirango babone amashuri, kandi inyinshi murizo zifitanye isano nubukene bukabije mu [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]]. Ibiciro byuburezi birabujijwe kumiryango myinshi, kandi isezerano ryubukwe nimpamvu ikomeye yo gutegura ubukwe bwumukobwa akimara “kwambuka ikiraro cyabana.” Ariko ibintu byumuco nabyo bigira uruhare mukubuza abakobwa kubona no kwiga. '''Bariyeri z'umuco n'ubukungu''' Ibintu byubukungu, umuco numubiri bihuza kwanga uburezi ku bakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] muri [[Kenya]] ni byinshi kandi, bifatanyirijwe hamwe, bisa nkibidashoboka kuri bose ariko abakobwa biyemeje gutsinda. Nubwo bidashoboka, abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bafite imbogamizi yimyizerere yumuco ibuza benshi kwiyandikisha cyangwa kurangiza amashuri. '''Harimo:''' Guteza imbere ubukungu gushyingirwa hakiri kare, nk'inka n'inkwano y'amafaranga, Kwizera ko umuryango wibinyabuzima ntacyo byungukira mu kwigisha umukobwa, kubera ko umukobwa abaye umwe mu bagize umuryango w’umugabo we iyo ashatse, kandi bazabona inyungu. Imiryango hamwe nurungano rwo gushyingirwa hakiri kare, kuko abagore bahabwa agaciro numubare wabana bafite Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare, bikaba biteye isoni mbere yo gushyingirwa kandi bikagabanya igiciro cyumugeni<ref>https://glosbe.com/rw/en/umugeni</ref>, bikomeza umuco wo gushyingirwa hakiri kare,hanyuma intera umukobwa agomba kugenda ku ishuri ryegereye bituma itagira umutekano, ndetse ntibishoboka ku mwana w’incuke. [[File:Maasai_suviving_for_life.jpg|thumb]] == Igiciro cy'uburezi == Abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] biyandikisha mumashuri abanza biga mumashuri rusange yubusa. Ariko abanyeshuri bose bo muri [[Kenya]] basabwa kwambara imyenda, kandi imiryango myinshi ntishobora kwigurira imyenda ikenewe kugirango umwana wabo ajye mwishuri. Amashuri abanza ya leta abanza, atanga ibyiza byinshi, birabujijwe cyane mumiryango myinshi ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]]. Ubwiza bw'uburezi muri aya mashuri yo mucyaro ntibukunze kuba buhagije kugirango bategure abanyeshuri ibizamini byigihugu, basabwa gukomeza amashuri yisumbuye, kubera ko aya mashuri adahagije kandi yuzuyemo ishyano, umubare w’abanyeshuri n’abarimu ugera ku 100 kugeza kuri 1. Ku mukobwa udasanzwe atsinda ikizamini cyigihugu kugirango arangize amashuri abanza, amashuri yisumbuye yose yo muri [[Kenya]] ni amashuri acumbikira, kandi ikiguzi cyumwaka kirabujijwe ku [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] benshi ariko, niba bishoboka mubukungu, abahungu bahabwa umwanya wambere. == Bariyeri z'ubukungu zidafite aho zihuriye n'igiciro cy'uburezi == Impamvu zubukungu zo gushyingirwa hakiri kare .Ubukwe bw'umukobwa bwongera ubutunzi bwumuryango wuumukobwa wa [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] binyuze munka hamwe ninguzanyo z'amafaranga Kandi kubera ko yinjiye mumuryango w'umugabo we amaze gushyingirwa,Ise yakuweho umutwaro wokumutunga.Umugenzo gushyingirwa hakiri kare ukabije kubera ubukene bwiyongera bwaturage ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]],Bigatuma ba se ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bashyingiranwa n'abakobwa babo bakiri bato. Garuka kwishora mari.Kuri iyo miryango Mike ishoboye kwirihira amashuri,Hari ibintu byinshi byumuco ukunda kwigisha abahungu mbere .Ibi bituruka kumuco w'uko abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bava mu mudugudu w'ababyeyi babo bakaba umwe mubigize umuryango w'umugabo amaze gushyingiranwa.Ba se ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bakunda kwizera ko umuryango wabo utazungukirwa ngo no gushora imari mumashuri z'umukobwa wabo == Bariyeri z'umuco == . Gushyingirwa hakiri kare nimpamvu zikunze kuvugwa zituma abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bareka ishuri. Abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bigishwa ko gukebwa<ref>https://glosbe.com/rw/en/gukebwa</ref> ari umuhango wo kunyura mu bagore biherekeza ubwangavu kandi bibanziriza gushyingirwa. Bamaze gukebwa, barashinyagurirwa na bagenzi babo nibakomeze amashuri, kubera ko ishuri ari iryabana. Kurushaho gukaza umurego mu gushyingirwa hakiri kare ni ukuri ko mu muco [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]] abagore basanzwe bahabwa agaciro hashingiwe ku mubare w'abana bashobora kubyara ku bagabo babo, atari ku buryo bashobora kuba abize cyangwa mu bukungu. [[File:The_use_of_technology.jpg|thumb]] Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare. Inda nimpamvu ya kabiri ikunze kugaragara cyane ko abakobwa bata ishuri. Mu muco [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]], abana bafite imyaka icyenda ntibemerewe kuguma mu nzu imwe na se, ahubwo bakaryama mu nzu itandukanye batabigenzuye. Byongeye kandi, abakobwa ntibabwirwa uburyo umugore atwite. Uku kubura kugenzura no kutamenya bituma abakobwa bibasirwa cyane no gusama, kandi gutwita mbere yubukwe bizana amahano nigiciro cyumugeni. Gutinya gutwita utarashaka ni impamvu isanzwe ituma ababyeyi bashimangira ko abakobwa babo bava mu ishuri bagashyingirwa hakiri kare. Bariyeri z'umubiri Kugenda intera ku ishuri. Kubera ko umushumba [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]] akenera ubutaka bukomeye bwo kuragira inka zabo, imidugudu yabo yubatswe kure yiyindi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishuri rimwe rigomba gukorera imidugudu myinshi mubirometero 15 kugeza kuri 20. Nta modoka, bisi, amafarasi, ndetse n'amagare aboneka ku bana ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]], bityo bagomba kugenda intera ndende. Abakobwa benshi bangiwe kwiga kubera impungenge z'ababyeyi kubera umutekano wabo muri uru rugendo rurerure. Ndetse kubagera ku ishuri, urugendo rurerure rubangamira uburezi. Ntabwo bitangaje, abarimu bavuga ko abana bamaze amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atanu bagenda ku ishuri mugitondo, akenshi badafite icyo barya, barushye, kandi ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutumbira burahungabana. Nanone, akenshi biratinda iyo abana bageze murugo nyuma yurugendo rurerure, kandi baracyasabwa gukora imirimo. Nubwo baba bagifite ubushake nimbaraga zo kwiga nyuma yo kurangiza inshingano zabo murugo, ni umwijima kandi nta mashanyarazi cyangwa itara ryakozwe. Imibereho ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] yimuka.[[Abamasayi]] ni umuryango w'abashumba, inzererezi, kandi ibihe rimwe na rimwe bisaba ko imiryango yimuka kugirango ibone amazi n'ibyatsi by'inka zabo. Mu bihe by'amapfa, imyigire y'umwana ikunze guhagarikwa cyangwa guhagarikwa kugeza imvura iguye, bigatuma basubira inyuma mu kazi kabo k'ishuri, cyangwa guhagarika ishuri burundu. <references responsive="" /> b6ietjtfxuhmqkih3yn06jcdh26m8wa 0 8543 77163 75613 2021-08-08T03:17:57Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gupima umuriro hirwa Covid-19 mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gupima umuriro hirwa Covid-19 mu Rwanda]] [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|Icyorezo cya COVID-19]]<nowiki/>cyemejwe ko cyageze mu [[Rwanda]] muri Werurwe 2020. [[File:Covid-19 rapid test in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gupima Covid-19 mu Rwanda]] [[File:Covid-19 mass vaccination.jpg|thumb|Ubwo abanyarwanda bakingirwaga COVID-19 bwa mbere]] == Amavu n'amavuko == <nowiki/>Ku wa 12 Mutarama 2020, [[:fr:Organisation_mondiale_de_la_santé|Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ku isi (OMS)]] ryemeje ko virusi yitwa [[:en:Coronavirus|coronavirus]] ari yo yateye iyi ndwara y'ubuhumekero ikaba yaribasiye bwa mbere abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Wuhan, mu Ntara ya Hubei, mu Gihugu cy' Ubushinwa, bikaba byaramenyeshejwe OMS ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2019. Umubare w'abahitanwa na COVID-19 waragabanutse cyane ugereranije n'ubushakashatsi bwa SARS bwo muri 2003, ariko ubwandu bwabaye bwinshi cyane, hapfa abantu benshi. == Igihe == === Werurwe 2020 === Umuntu wa mbere wagaragaweho [[:en:Coronavirus_disease_2019|Icyorezo cya COVID-19]] mu [[Rwanda]] yabonetse ku wa 14 Werurwe 2020. Abandi bantu bane barapimwe bituma umubare w'abanduye ugera kuri batanu. Kugeza ku ya 16 Werurwe, u Rwanda rwemeje abandi babiri banduye muri[[Kigali]], bituma umubare w'abandiye mu gihugu ugera kuri barindwi. Mu rwego rwo guhagarika ikwirakwizwa rya coronavirus, Minisiteri y’ubuzima mu Rwanda yatangaje ku ya 18 Werurwe, ibinyujije kuri Twitter, ko ingendo mpuzamahanga z’abagenzi mpuzamahanga z’ubucuruzi zizahagarikwa iminsi 30, guhera ku ya 20 Werurwe. Hatarenze umunsi, ku ya 21 Werurwe, abayobozi batangaje ko abantu bakwiye kuguma mu rugo mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri. Abakozi ba Leta n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bagomba gukorera mu rugo. Imipaka yose na yo yarafunzwe, imizigo hamwe n'abenegihugu b’u Rwanda basonewe, hashyizweho akato k’iminsi 14. Ku ya 28 Werurwe, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yatangaje ko handuye abandi bantu batandatu , mu bagera 60 bapimwe. Mu mpera za Werurwe habonetse abandi banduye 75, nta bantu bapfuye cyangwa ngo bakire. === Mata 2020 === Ku wa 9 Mata, hagaragayeabandi bantu bashya batatu banduye Koronavirusi, kuri 720 bari bapimwe mu masaha 24 . Ibi byatumye abanduye bose baba 113 (harimo barindwi bakize). Muri Mata hagaragaye abanduye bashya 168 , bituma umubare w'abanduye bose uba 243. abari barwaye104 barakize, hasigara 139 bakirwaye kugera mu mpera z'ukwezi. === Gicurasi 2020 === Ku ya 31 Gicurasi, ni bwo umuntu wa mbere yitabye Imana. Umubare w'abanduye wakomeje kuba 370 (wiyongereyeho 127 guhera mu mpera za Mata). Umubare w'abarwayi bakizewariyongereye uva kuri 152 ugera kuri 256, hasigara abantu 113 bakirwaye. === Kamena 2020 === Hagaragaye abanduye benshi mu Karere ka Rusizi gaherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, ku mupaka uhuza uhuza u Rwanda na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], byatumye umubare w'abanduye uzamuka. Ibi, hamwe n'abanduye benshi bagaragaye ku mupaka wa Rusumo mu ntara y’iburasirazuba uhuza u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]], byohereje umubare w'abanduye uva kuri 370 mu mpera za Gicurasi, ugera kuri 572 mu mpera za 14 Kamena. Muri Kamena abashya bagaragaweho iki cyorezo ni 655, bituma umubare wose ugera kuri 1025. Abapfuye bikubye kabiri bagera kuri 2. Umubare w'abarwayi bakize wiyongereyeho 191 ugera kuri 447, hasigara abantu 576 bakirwaye mu mpera z'ukwezi. === Nyakanga 2020 === U Rwanda ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara cyashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abaturage bashobora kujya mu bihugu byo ku mugabane w'Iburayi guhera muri Nyakanga. Muri Kamena habaye hagaragaye abanduye 997, bituma umubare ugera w'abanduye bose ugera kuri 2022. Abapfuye bose bikubye inshuro zirenga 5. Umubare w'abakize wariyongereye uva kuri 659 ugera ku 1106, hasigara abantu 911 bakirwaye mu mpera z'ukwezi (byakomeje kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 58% guhera mu mpera za Kamena). === Kanama 2020 === Muri Kanama, hagaragaye ko umubare warikubye maze bose baba 4063. Abapfuye barenze inshuro eshatu bagera kuri 16. Mu mpera z'ukwezi habonetse 2034, bikubye inshuro zirenga ebyiri mu mpera za Nyakanga. === Nzeri 2020 === Muri Nzeri habonetse abanduye 773, bituma umubare w'abanduye bemejwe ugera kuri 4836. Abapfuye bagera kuri 29. Umubare w'abarwayi bakize wiyongereye ugera ku 3125, hasigara abantu 1682 bakirwaye mu mpera z'ukwezi. === Ukwakira 2020 === == Ingamba zafashwe na Guverinoma == Usibye ingamba zo gufunga zafashwe muri Werurwe (reba hejuru), Polisi y'u Rwanda ku wa 12 Mata yatangaje ko hakoreshejwe indege zitagira abadereva mu kugeza ubutumwa ku baturage mu rwego rwo kurwanya Koronavirusi. [[File:A Rwandan youth receiving his covid 19 vaccine jab in kigali.jpg|thumb|Guhabwa urukingo rwa Covid-19 mu Rwanda]] [[File:In Rwanda build where everyone can wash hand in prevention of covid-19.jpg|thumb|Gukaraba neza intoki n'amazi meza n'isabune, imwe mu ngamba zafashwe na Leta y'u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kwirinda Covid-19]] Muri Werurwe 2021, ni bwo abanyarwanda batangiye guhabwa urukindo rwa Covid-19. == Reba kandi == * Icyorezo cya COVID-19 muri Afurika * Icyorezo cya COVID-19 igihugu ku kindi == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Icyorezo]] [[Category:COVID-19]] 09kotcbiiarhyxz66ccechfng204yal 0 8544 78593 77838 2021-08-25T11:03:37Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rebecca_Kadaga,_December_2017_(5122)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Rebecca Kadaga]] {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=[[The Right Honourable]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|5|24}}|residence=[[Kampala]], Uganda|citizenship=[[Uganda]]|nationality=Ugandan|occupation=Lawyer and politician|alma_mater=[[Makerere University]]<br/> {{small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])}}<br/>[[Law Development Center]]<br /> {{small|([[Legal practice|Diploma in Legal Practice]])}}<br/> [[University of Zimbabwe]]<br/> {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}, {{small|([[Women's rights|Diploma in Women's Law]])}}<br/>[[Nkumba University]]<br/> {{small|([[Doctor of Laws|Honorary LLD]])}}|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Kamuli]], Uganda|parliament1=Ugandan|image=Rebecca Kadaga, December 2017 (5122) (cropped2).jpg|successor=|predecessor=[[Edward Ssekandi]]|term_end=|term_start=19 May 2011|title=[[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Uganda Parliament]]|caption=|name=Rebecca Kadaga|image_size=250px|party=[[National Resistance Movement]]}}'''Rebecca Alitwala Kadaga''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umunyapolitiki wa Uganda wabaye Perezida w’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda kuva ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2011. Niwe mugore wa mbere watorewe kuba Perezida w’amateka mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda. Yasimbuye Edward Ssekandi, wabaye Perezida kuva 2001 kugeza 2011. Ni n'umudepite muri iki gihe (Depite) mu karere ka Kamuli gaherereye mu karere ka Kamuli, mu karere ka Busoga, umwanya afite kuva mu 1989. [[Dosiye:Rebecca_Kadaga,_December_2017_(5122)_(cropped2).jpg|thumb|Rebecca Kadaga, December 2017 ]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu Karere ka Kamuli, mu Burasirazuba bwa Uganda, ku ya 24 Gicurasi 1956. Rebecca Kadaga yize muri Namasagali Collegenamashuri yisumbuye. Yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Makerere, arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ), mu 1978. Yakomeje kubona Impamyabumenyi mu by'amategeko mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'amategeko i Kampala mu 1979. Mu 2000, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mategeko y'abagore yakuye muri kaminuza ya Zimbabwe . Mu 2003, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Master of Arts (MA), inzobere mu mategeko y’umugore, na we yakuye muri kaminuza ya Zimbabwe. Mu 2019, Kaminuza Nkumba, Kaminuza yigenga muri Uganda, yahaye Kadaga igihembo y'icyubahiro impamyabumenyi ya Doctor wa Amategeko. == Uburambe ku kazi == Hagati y'i 1984 na 1988, yari mu bikorwa by’amategeko yigenga. Kuva mu 1989 kugeza 1996, yabaye umudepite mu Ntara ya Kamuli mu karere k'umugore w'akarere. Yabaye Umuyobozi w'Inama Njyanama ya Kaminuza ya Mbarara, hagati ya 1993 na 1996. Mu 1996, yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’abadepite bo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|thumb|Uganda]] Kuva mu 1996 kugeza 1998, Rebecca Kadaga yari umunyamabanga wa Leta wa Uganda ushinzwe ubutwererane mu karere (Afurika n'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati). Yaje kuba umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe itumanaho n’indege kuva mu 1998 kugeza 1999 ndetse anaba Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuva 1999 kugeza 2000. Yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 2001, umwanya yari afite kugeza ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2011, igihe yatorewe kuba Umuvugizi w’Inteko Ishinga amategeko. Nyuma y’amatora rusange yo muri Gashyantare 2016, Kadaga yongeye gutorerwa kuba Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2016. == Inshingano z'Inteko == Usibye imirimo ashinzwe kuba umuvugizi w’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda, yicaye muri komite z’abadepite zikurikira: * Komite ishinzwe - Komisiyo isuzuma gahunda zose z’Abaminisitiri zashyizweho na Perezida, kandi zishobora kwemeza cyangwa kwanga gahunda: Perezida w'inteko ayobora komite * Komisiyo y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko - Perezida w'inteko ayobora Komisiyo * Komite y'Ubucuruzi - Perezida w'inteko ayobora komite == Impaka == Kadaga yiyemeje gutora umushinga w'itegeko rirwanya abaryamana bahuje ibitsina muri Uganda binyuze mu nteko bitarenze Ukuboza 2012. Uyu mushinga w'itegeko - rimwe na rimwe witwa "Kwica umushinga w'abahuje ibitsina" - icyarimwe washakaga gukora ibikorwa byo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina bihanishwa igihano cy'urupfu cyangwa igifungo cya burundu ariko nyuma bivanaho umushinga w'itegeko ry’urupfu. Avuga ko bizaba itegeko kubera ko Abagande benshi "babisaba". Ukuboza 2012, Kadaga yari i Roma kugira ngo atange ijambo mu nama ya karindwi y’Inteko Ngishwanama y’Abadepite bagize Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha no kugendera ku mategeko. Amakuru yavugaga ko Kadaga yahawe umugisha na Papa Benedigito wa XVI mu misa ya Vatikani. Bidatinze ayo makuru amaze kumenyekana, umuvugizi wa Vatikani Padiri Federico Lombardi yasohoye itangazo rigira riti: “umubano n'intumwa ntiwari usanzwe kandi nta mugisha watanzwe.” Itsinda ry’abadepite bo muri Uganda basuhuzaga Papa “kimwe n’abandi bantu bose bitabira abateranye na Papa babishaka” kandi iki “ntabwo cyari ikimenyetso cyihariye cyo kwemeza ibikorwa bya Kadaga cyangwa ibyifuzo bye.” Muri Werurwe 2020, mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19, Kadaga yanditse ku rubuga rwa twitter ko "spray, ihita yica virusi ya Corona, yavumbuwe & igomba gukorerwa muri Uganda". We (hamwe nabahanga be ba quack) batanze igitekerezo cyuko ibyakurikiyeho byumvikanyweho nkisuku yoroshye ari ukuvura COVID-19 kandi yakiriwe nabi nabagande kurubuga rusange ndetse ninzego zumwuga mubuvuzi. nk'ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvuzi rya Uganda , hamwe na Sosiyete ya Farumasi ya Uganda. Yakubise ahamagara abantu bo muri Association badafite ubwonko. Muri Mata 2020, mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19, Kadaga na bagenzi be bagize inteko ishinga amategeko bageneye amashiringi arenga miliyari 10 z'amashiringi ya Uganda yari agamije kuba amafaranga yo gutabara mu bikorwa byo kurwanya icyorezo ndetse n'ihungabana ry’imibereho n'ubukungu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oyv1i4zhij7hbfxcspn761twosurwqy 0 8545 78697 77279 2021-08-26T03:57:48Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|left|thumb|220x220px|UGANDA]] '''Anita Kyarimpa''' uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Anita Fabiola''' ni umukinnyi wa filime [[Ubugande|ukomoka]] muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ambasaderi w’ubukerarugendo, uwakiriye ibirori, umudamu w’umucuruzi, Philanthropiste nuwahoze ari umwamikazi w’Ubwiza . Muri Gashyantare 2019 yari yashyizeho kuba ambasaderi mukuru muri "Tulambule" ubukangurambaga [[wiktionary:liaison|Guhuza]] na Uganda Tourism Board guteza imbere ubukerarugendo yose Uganda. Mbere yo kwakira Be date yanjye kuri NTV muri 2014, Fabiola yabaye Miss Uganda West ndetse nuwa kabiri mu bahatanira ubwiza bwa Miss Uganda muri 2013. Azwiho kandi kwakira bimwe mu birori bikomeye bya [[Afurika]] bitukura . Muri byo harimo Afurika Magic Viewer Choice Awards muri Nijeriya (2016), Namibia Annual Music Awards (2016 na 2017), Gana Movie Awards 2017, Ghana Music Awards 2016, Glitz Awards Ghana 2017, Abryanz Style na Fashion Awards 2016 n'ibindi. [[Dosiye:Anita_Fabiola_at_Abryanz_Style_and_Fashion_Awards.jpg|thumb|Anita Fabiola]] == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 12 yari umunyamideli mu kigo cyerekana imideli ya Arapapa. Muri icyo gihe, yakoze catwalks no kwamamaza Flair Magazin mu 2008. Igihe yari mu mashuri yisumbuye, Fabiola yitabiriye amarushanwa y'ubwiza bw'iryo shuri yatsindiye izina rye nka, Miss London College, Miss St. Lawrence n'amashuri makuru. Ibi byatumye yitabira igihugu cyose, yatsindiye kuba Miss High School Kadanke mu 2012, bimugira "Miss Kadanke" wa mbere. Mu 2013, Fabiola yitabiriye amarushanwa y'ubwiza bwa Miss Uganda maze yambikwa ikamba rya Miss Uganda West maze aba umukinnyi wa mbere wegukanye umwanya wa kabiri mu marushanwa rusange y'ubwiza ya Miss Uganda muri 2013 Fabiola yatangije umwuga we kuri tereviziyo mu 2014 yakira kandi akora Be my date show kuri NTV yerekanaga buri cyumweru saa munani. Mu 2014 iki gitaramo cyatowe kuba ari gahunda ya tereviziyo yimyidagaduro ikunzwe cyane muri Uganda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, iki gitaramo cyagenze neza, Fabiola yakiriye amahitamo yo gutorwa hanyuma amaherezo yegukana ibihembo bya Buzz Teeniez 2015 mu bihembo bya TV by’umugore mwiza. Mu 2015, Fabiola yagize igihe gito akora nk'umunyamakuru kuri Capital FM buri Mon-vendredi mugitondo kinini guhera saa kumi n'ebyiri za mugitondo. Nkumukinnyi wamafirime, Fabiola azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe nka ''Angella'' mu masubiramo y'inyinamico ya telenovela kuri NTV, Amahirwe ya kabiri yasohotse mu Kwakira 2016 kuri sitasiyo imwe. Ariko, kubera gahunda ihuze cyane, yavuye mubyerekanwa kugirango akurikirane izindi nyungu zubucuruzi zinjiza amafaranga kwisi yose. Fabiola yagize kandi uruhare runini muri serivise ya Studio 256 ya 2015 no kuri NTV. Nanone akanyenyeri mu 2013 Bollywood Malayalam thriller, hunga Uganda nk'uko Oldra. Kuri ubu Fabiola ni we uyobora ikiganiro cya muzika n'imyidagaduro kizwi cyane, "Katch Up" kiba buri wa gatanu kuri TV ya NBS. Fabiola yakiriye kandi ibirori bitari bike ku myidagaduro yo muri Uganda harimo Hip Hop Awards 2016, Uganda Entertainment Awards 2017, Miss Uganda 2016, Tekno na MR. Igitaramo cya Eazi, Belaire itangiza nabandi. Muri 2018, abaye Umugande wa mbere watumiwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes kandi anagendagenda kuri tapi itukura mu birori byuzuyemo ibyamamare. Yatangije kandi podcast ye ya buri cyumweru, "The Fabiola Podcast" kuri Afripods, umuyoboro wa interineti na App yo muri Suwede. Nyuma yibi, abaye umuntu wa mbere witangazamakuru rya Uganda gutunga no kwakira podcast ye. Muri Gashyantare 2019, yashyizwe ahagaragara nka ambasaderi w’ubukerarugendo wagize uruhare muri "Tulambule", ubukerarugendo bugamije guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bwaho muri Uganda. Hamwe ikipe ya ambasaderi bagenzi famose ko harimo Salvador (Patrick Idringi), Gaetano Kaggwa, Marcus Kwikiriza na kickboxer Musa Golola, ikipe rureshya ijya mu duce dutandukanye tw'igihugu harimo vyobaye landscape ariko kandi bitandukanye byihariye n'imico n'imigenzo mugihe ushishikariza Abagande bagenzi bacu kubikora. === Kwemeza === Umwuga mwiza wa Fabiola wakuruye ibirango byinshi yemeye gufatanya nabyo. Yabaye ambasaderi w’ibirango ku bicuruzwa byinshi nka, inkweto za CAT, Amavuta yo kwisiga ya Paramour, Lux Belaire, Virginia Black MTN Pulse, Jumia Uganda, Lauma Uganda n'ibindi == Ibyagezweho no kumenyekana == {| class="wikitable" |'''AWARD''' | '''UMWAKA''' | '''IGIHUGU''' | '''DETAILS''' |- | Buzz Teeniez Awards | 2015 | Uganda | Uwatsinze-Umugore wa TV |- | Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards | 2016 | Uganda | Uwatsinze-Byinshi muburyo bwa TV |} == Abagiraneza == Fabiola yashinze [https://web.archive.org/web/20180810075259/http://www.fabgirlsfoundation.org/ Fond Girls Fab] ifite intego yo kongerera ubushobozi abakobwa bakiri bato binyuze muri serivisi nk'uburezi bw'ibanze, isuku, guteza imbere virusi itera SIDA n'abandi. Mu ntangiriro za 2019, yatangije ubukangurambaga, agurisha kalendari yabugenewe mu rwego rwo gushaka amafaranga yo gufasha. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] oqn3qm8jbn2cu2snok685zxger33sks 0 8546 77644 73661 2021-08-14T17:28:20Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Toni_Ann-Singh_Miss_World_2019.jpg|thumb|191x191px|Toni Ann-Singh Miss World 2019]] {{Infobox pageant titleholder|name=Toni-Ann Singh|image=File:Toni-Ann Singh in 2020 (2).jpg|caption=Singh in 2020.|hometown=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1996|2|1}}|birth_place=[[Morant Bay]], Jamaica|education=[[Florida State University]]|height=1.67m|hair_color=[[Black hair|Black]]|eye_color=[[Eye color#Brown|Brown]]|title=[[Miss Jamaica World|Miss Jamaica World 2019]]<br>[[Miss World 2019]]|competitions=[[Miss Jamaica World|Miss Jamaica World 2019]]<br>(Winner)<br>[[Miss World 2019]]<br>(Winner)}} '''Toni-Ann Singh''' (yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1996) ni umuririmbyi w’umunyamerikakazi numunyajameyikakazi wo muri Jamayike akaba n'umwamikazi w’ubwiza watsindiye Miss World 2019 . Yabanje kwambikwa ikamba rya Miss Jamaica World 2019 akaba n'umugore wa kane ukomoka muri Jamaica wegukanye Miss World . == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Singh yavukiye i Morant Bay, muri Jamayike. Akomoka mu murage wa Dougla, nyina akomoka muri Afro-Jamayike, naho se akomoka mu Buhinde na Jamayike . The family immigrated to the United States when Singh was aged nine, settling in Florida. She attended Florida State University in Tallahassee, where she graduated with a degree in women's studies and psychology. == Umwuga == === Miss Jamaica Isi 2019 === Muri 2019, Singh yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Miss Jamaica World 2019, aho yaje gutwara igikombe. Nyuma, Singh yahawe uburenganzira bwo guhagararira Jamaica muri Miss World 2019 . === Miss World 2019 === Singh yavuye i Londres mu Gushyingo 2019, kugira ngo yitabire ibikorwa byabanjirije amarushanwa ya Miss World. Singh yashyize muri 40 ba mbere mu marushanwa ya Top Model kandi yatsindiye amarushanwa yimpano, amwemerera kwinjira muri kimwe cya kabiri cyambere. Ijoro rya nyuma ryabaye ku ya 14 Ukuboza muri ExCeL London, aho Singh yazamutse kuva kuri 40 ba mbere akagera kuri 12 ba mbere, amaherezo akaza muri batanu ba mbere. Yaje kwambikwa ikamba ry'uwatsinze, aha umwanya wa kabiri Ophély Mézino wo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ndetse na Suman Rao wa kabiri mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] . Intsinzi ye, Singh abaye umugore wa kane wo muri Jamayike watwaye iki gikombe, uwanyuma akaba Lisa Hanna wambitswe ikamba rya Miss World 1993, n’umugore wa mbere w’umwirabura wegukanye Miss World kuva Agbani Darego wo muri Nijeriya yatsindiye Miss World 2001 . Intsinzi ye kandi yatumye umwaka wa 2019 uba umwaka wambere abategarugori birabura begukanye ibihembo bibiri bya Big Four byamamaye byubwiza [[Zozibini Tunzi Nyampinga wa Universe 2019|bwamamare]] ku isi, nyuma yuko [[Zozibini Tunzi Nyampinga wa Universe 2019|Zozibini Tunzi]] abaye umwirabura wa mbere w’umwirabura wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] wegukanye izina rya Miss Universe. * {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef|before={{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Vanessa Ponce]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss World]]|years=[[Miss World 2019|2019]]}} {{S-inc}} {{S-bef|before=Kadijah Robinson}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Jamaica World]]|years=2019}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}} eacx1h52odt2dzl6s25cwrpo6stj194 0 8547 76873 76871 2021-08-03T05:55:00Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Rosemary_Mbabazi2.jpg|Rosemary_Mbabazi2.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], found elsewhere on the web and unlikely to be own work ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Rosemary Mbabazi|years_active=2009 — present|spouse=|title=Cabinet Minister for Youth, in the [[Cabinet of Rwanda]]|networth=|known_for=Politics|citizenship=Rwandan|ethnicity=|nationality=Rwandan|occupation=[[Politician]], [[Businesswoman]]|image=Rosemary Mbabazi 2015.jpg|alma_mater='''[[Makerere University]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Bachelor of Education]])}}<br/>'''Institution in the United Kingdom'''<br/>{{small|([[Master of Business Administration]])}}|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Rwanda]]|birth_date=|caption=Mbabazi in 2015|image_size=|religion=}} '''Rosmary Mbabazi''', ni umucuruzikazi akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], yabaye Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Rosemary Mbabazi 2015.jpg|thumb|261x261px|Mbabazi Rosemary]] Mbabazi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu Burezi, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, i Kampala, muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . Afite kandi Master of Business Administration, kuva mu kigo cyo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] . == Umwuga == Kuva mu 2009 kugeza 2011 yabaye umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry'u Rwanda . Mu mwaka wa 2011, Rosemary Mbabazi yagizwe umurinzi wa Hotel Umubano akaba na perezida wa Soprotel, isosiyete ikora imishinga ihuriweho na guverinoma y'u Rwanda na Libiya. Muri Gashyantare 2012, yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko nikoranabuhanga, akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Gashyantare 2017, ubwo yimurirwaga muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, inganda n’umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (MINEACOM), nk'umunyamabanga uhoraho. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Mbabazi yagizwe minisitiri w’abaminisitiri muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko iherutse gushingwa, yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko na ICT, imaze kugabanywamo ibice bibiri. == Izindi nshingano == Rosemary Mbabazi mbere yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi [http://www.rra.gov.rw/ y'Ikigo cy'Imisoro n'Amahoro] . == Reba kandi == * Yudita Uwizeye [[Category:Umunyapolitiki]] 224ue4h1b32qvkcds4gmpedl881gk39 0 8548 78090 76192 2021-08-20T22:21:46Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uganda_equator.jpg|thumb|203x203px|'''Busingye Kabumba''' ni umunyamategeko w'igihugu cya Uganda ]] [[Dosiye:Uganda_Transportation.jpg|thumb|245x245px|Uganda Transportation]] '''Busingye Kabumba''' (wavutse ku ya 12 Kamena 1982) ni umunyamategeko wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]] n'umusizi. Ni Umwarimu wamategeko, Ikigo cy’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Amahoro (HURIPEC), mu ishami ry’amategeko, kaminuza ya Makerere akaba n’umufatanyabikorwa w’ubujyanama hamwe na M / S Law Law Associates. Icyegeranyo cye cy’imivugo, "Kwongorera Ubugingo Bwanjye", yatsindiye igihembo cya mbere mu cyiciro cy’imirimo yatangajwe mu gitabo cy’igihugu cy’ibitabo cy’igihugu cya Uganda (NABOTU) cyo mu 2002. Gusohora iki gitabo mu 2001 ubwo yari afite imyaka 19 y'amavuko byatumye aba umusizi muto wa Uganda wigeze gusohora icyegeranyo cyose cy'imivugo. [[Dosiye:Makerere-Uni.JPG|thumb|206x206px|'''Busingye Kabumba''' Umwarimu wamategeko, Ikigo cy’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu n’Amahoro mu ishami ry’amategeko, kaminuza ya Makerere]] == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Kabumba yavutse ku ya 21 Kamena 1982 na Porofeseri Ijuka Kabumba na Madamu Bazaire Kabumba, bombi bakaba ari abarimu. Ni uwa kane mu muryango w'abantu batanu. Yagiye mu ishuri ribanza rya St Kizito, Namilyango kaminuza ku rwego rwa "O" na King's College Budo ku rwego rwa "A". Yarangije afite LL. B wo muri kaminuza ya Makerere . Busingye amaze kurangiza mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'amategeko afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'amategeko mu by'amategeko, Busingye yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mbonezamubano muri kaminuza ya Oxford . Nyuma yaje gukora ibijyanye n’amategeko muri kaminuza ya Harvard . == Imirimo yatangajwe == * Whispers of My Soul . Isosiyete isohora Nyonyi. 2001. [[Category:Umunyamategeko]] 6mr2k92hibbqfn2llx3j915tbk2umhg 0 8549 77844 73783 2021-08-18T01:20:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rilima school complex in Rwanda (6008545388).jpg|thumb|rilima]] '''Rilima''' n'umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] . Niwo mujyi wegereye ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera . == Aho Uherereye == Rilima iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Aho iherereye ni 42.5 kilometres (26.4 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo ya Kigali. Imiterere ya geografiya ya Rilima ni: 02 ° 09'35.0 "S, 30 ° 13'31.0" E (Ubunini: -2.159722; Uburebure: 30.225278). Rilima iherereye ku butumburuke bwa 1,394 metres (4,573 ft) hejuru yinyanja. == Incamake == [[Dosiye:BugeseraMap.jpg|thumb|Map]] Rilima irashobora kugera i Kigali, mugihe cisaha imwe n'imodoka yigenga. Mu bigo biboneka mu mujyi cyangwa hafi yacyo harimo [http://rilimaorthopaedic.rw/ Centre Orthopédique Sainte Marie Rilima] (Ibitaro bya Saint Mary's Othopedic Hospital Rilima), ibitaro bifite ibitanda 70 by’inzobere mu kuvura ibibazo by’imyororokere y’abana, birimo ibirenge by’amaguru, amaguru n'amaguru. [[Dosiye:Performance of a traditional dance at Rilima school (6007998045).jpg|thumb|kwiyerekana]] Ikindi kigo kiboneka muri uyu mujyi, ni Gereza ya Rilima, ifunzwe n'abagororwa barenga 7.400, abenshi muri bo bakaba bategereje kuburanishwa. Ikigo nderabuzima cya Rilima ni ikigo nderabuzima cyegereye ibiryo ibiryo ku bagore n'abana bafite ibibazo by'imirire. Itegeka ababyeyi uburyo bwo gutegura ibiryo byatanzwe kugirango bagere ku nyungu nziza. Ababyeyi nabo bigishwa uburyo bwo guhinga imboga zifite intungamubiri. Serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, imikorere myiza yisuku no guhitamo indyo yuzuye irigishwa. Ikigo giheruka kuza i Rilima ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, cyatangiye kubakwa muri Kanama 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko icyiciro cya mbere kizarangira mu 2019. == Reba kandi == * [[Nyamata]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} q7n77ybo03jl750q66qj7pd2dn4633g 0 8550 76161 76109 2021-07-19T20:29:48Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyamata''' n'umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] . Nyamata ijambo ku rindi risobanura "ahantu h'amata" bivuye mu [[Dosiye:RW_Nyamata_(2).jpg|thumb|RW Nyamata (2)]] magambo abiri ya Kinyarwanda "nya-" (ya) na "amata" (amata). [[Dosiye:Palast_Rock_Hotel_located_in_Nyamata,_Bugesera_District.jpg|thumb|Imwe muri hoteli nziza ziri mu mujyi wa Nyamata mu Karere ka Bugesera]] == Aho iherereye == Nyamata iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Aho iherereye ni 39 kilometres (24 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo ya [[Kigali]] . == Amateka == Ntabwo bizwi neza ibyabereye muri kariya karere mbere ya 1900. Mu 1900 ariko, habaye intambara hagati y'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda-Rwagasabo na Cyirima nk'Umwami, n'Ubwami bwa Bugesera Umwami we yari Nsoro. Bugesera yatsinze intambara, Nsoro yigarurira Cyirima ariko ntiyamwica cyangwa ngo agire ifasi y'u Rwanda-Rwagasabo. Nsoro amaze gupfa umuhungu we Ruganzu Ndori yabaye Umwami. Ruganzu Ndori yari umwami wa nyuma wa Bugesera, yapfuye mu 1962 igihe u Rwanda rwaba repubulika. == Incamake == [[File:Exterior_of_Catholic_Church_Genocide_Site_-_Nyamata_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inyuma y’urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiliziya Gatolika]] Nyamata n'umujyi muto mu Karere ka Bugesera, mu Rwanda. Ikibuga cy’indege gishya, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, kirimo kubakwa, kuva muri Kanama 2017, biteganijwe ko ibyiciro bya mbere bizarangira muri 2019. Umujyi kandi niho Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata . Urwibutso ruherereye aho kiliziya Gatolika ya Paruwasi ya Nyamata yahoze ihagaze, irimo ibisigazwa by’abantu barenga 45.000 bahohotewe na jenoside, hafi ya bose bakaba bari [[abatutsi]], barimo abarenga 10,000 biciwe muri iryo torero ubwaryo. == Abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo ku ya 15 Kanama 2012, abaturage ba Nyamata bari 34.922. == Ingingo zishimishije == Ingingo zikurikira inyungu ziri mu mujyi cyangwa hafi y'imbibi y' umujyi: (a) Nyamata urwibutso rwa Jenoside, (b) mu biro Nyamata Inama Town, (c) Nyamata hagati isoko (d) ishami rya [[Banki ya Kigali]], (e) ishami rya Banki ya Urwego Opportunity na (f) Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, hafi y'umujyi wa Rilima . == Reba kandi == * [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] * [[Banki ya Kigali|Bank of Kigali]] * Urwego Amahirwe Banki == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.easternprovince.gov.rw/index.php Urubuga rw'Intara y'Iburasirazuba, u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) & (Icyongereza)] * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-nyamata-liberation-day-photography Ishusho y'urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata] 2qwftyw8ky4swhuc2dvzurwtannkuv6 0 8551 77305 76351 2021-08-09T20:14:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plane passengers bus in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|bugesera airport]] '''Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera''' ni ikibuga cyindege kiri kubakwa mu [[Rwanda]] . == Aho biherereye == Ikibuga cy'indege cya Bugesera giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda, mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], hafi y'umujyi wa Rilima . Aha hantu 25 kilometres (16 mi), n'ikirere, hamwe na 40 kilometres (25 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo yikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali . ☃☃ igerenya rya coorde yikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera ni: 02 ° 08'09.0 "S, 30 ° 11'00.0" E (Ubunini: -2.135833; Uburebure: 30.183333). ☃☃ Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera giherereye ku butumburuke bwa 1,400 metres (4,593 ft)esera giherereye ku butumburuke bwa 1,400 metres (4,593 ft) hejuru yinyanja. == Incamake == Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera kizahinduka ikibuga kinini cy’u Rwanda, gikora ingendo z’ubucuruzi zerekeza no kuva mu [[Kigali|mujyi]] munini wa [[Kigali]] . Nikirangira, kizaba ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya gatatu cy’u Rwanda, n’ikibuga cy’indege cya 8 muri rusange. Bizuzuza ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, ubu kikaba gifite ubushobozi ntarengwa. Cy'indege bazaba ikubitiro bafite umwe ishashemo indege . Mugihe cyicyiciro cya kabiri cyubwubatsi, umuhanda wa kabiri uzongerwaho. Amafaranga ateganijwe mu cyiciro cya mbere ni miliyoni 418 z'amadolari ya Amerika, mu gihe icyiciro cya kabiri giteganijwe gutwara miliyoni 382 z'amadolari ya Amerika, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni 800. Byari biteganijwe ko icyiciro cya mbere kizarangira muri 2018. Ikigo cyubwubatsi [[Ubwongereza|cyubwongereza]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180219050907/http://www.tpsconsult.co.uk/tps TPS Consult Plc.], yashinzwe gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka no gutegura ikibuga cyindege gishya. Ibyiciro bizakurikiraho bizakurikira hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara abagenzi no gutwara imizigo. Mu Gushyingo 2010, raporo z’abanyamakuru zerekanye ko guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagumanye ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ibaruramari PricewaterhouseCoopers, kugira ngo gitange inama z’imari kandi kiyobore mu gushakisha inkunga y’umushinga. Guverinoma irashaka guteza imbere ikibuga cy’indege cya Bugesera nkumushinga w’ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera (PPP). Ukuboza 2019, Qatar Airways yemeye gufata imigabane 60% ku kibuga cy’indege. Nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda kibivuga, icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubwubatsi cyatanga ibikoresho ku bagenzi miliyoni zirindwi ku mwaka. Kandi, icyiciro cya kabiri, biteganijwe ko kizarangira muri 2032, cyongerera ubushobozi abagenzi miliyoni 14 kumwaka. == Ubwubatsi == Muri Nzeri 2016, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano na Mota-Engil wo muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] yo gutera inkunga, kubaka no gukoresha ikibuga cy'indege gishya mu gihe cy'imyaka 25 byemejwe na guverinoma, amasezerano ashobora kongerwa indi myaka 15. Mota-Engil yemeye gutanga miliyoni 418 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga icyiciro cya mbere cyo kubaka. Biteganijwe ko ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi bizatangira muri 2018. Muri Kanama 2017, kubaka byatangiye. Igiciro giteganijwe ubu ni miliyoni 828 US $. Mota-Engil, ibinyujije mu ishami ryayo Mota-Engil Afurika n’umushinga w’ibanze kandi itanga 75 ku ijana by'inkunga. Isosiyete y'u Rwanda yitwa Aviation Travel and Logistics (ATL), itanga 25% by'amafaranga asigaye. ATL izatanga kandi serivisi zubutaka ku kibuga cyindege. Kurangiza icyiciro cya mbere biteganijwe muri 2019. Kubaka ku bice bimwe byikibuga cyindege byahagaritswe byigihe gito kugirango habeho inzira nshya. Muri gahunda nshya hamwe na Qatar Airways, hateganijwe ikibuga kinini kurushaho, hamwe n’ingengo y’ubwubatsi ingana na miliyari 1.31. Icyiciro cya mbere giteganijwe gufata imyaka itanu, hamwe nicyiciro cya kabiri giteganijwe muri 2032. == Ibikoresho byateganijwe == Raporo ya TPS ivuga ko ikibuga cy’indege gishya kizashobora gutwara abagenzi miliyoni imwe na toni miliyoni 150 z’imizigo buri mwaka mu cyiciro cyacyo cya mbere. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera kizaba gifite metero kare 30.000 zitwara abagenzi hamwe na konti 22 zo kugenzura, amarembo icumi, n’ibiraro bitandatu by’abagenzi. Bizaba bifite kandi ibyateganijwe kumuhanda wa kabiri. {{columns-list|* [[Kigali Airport]] * [[Nyamata]] * [[Bugesera District]] * [[Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority|CAA Rwanda]]|colwidth=22em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161005090822/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/files/photos/1441663524af.jpg Kwerekana Ubuhanzi bwikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera] * [http://www.caa.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwu Rwanda rushinzwe indege za gisivili] * [https://allafrica.com/stories/201912100019.html U Rwanda: Ibintu icumi tuzi kubyerekeye amasezerano y’indege ya Rwanda-Qatar] Kuva ku ya 10 Ukuboza 2019.  8uu9v98jmyprbw0v35ljvn48mx4kog9 0 8552 77282 76328 2021-08-09T20:00:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bralirwa,''' nanone izwi ku izina ry'Igifaransa '''Brasseries et Limonaderies du Rwanda, sosiyete mu [[Rwanda|yo Rwanda]]''' ni Brewer nini inakora kinyobwa bidasindisha . Umugabane [[Dosiye:Bralirwa_Track.jpg|thumb|Imodoka nini za Bralirwa zitwara ibicuruzwa zibigeza hafi y' abaturage]] wacyo wimigabane urutonde rwimigabane yu Rwanda, aho bacuruza munsi yikimenyetso: '''BLRW''' . Kugeza mu Kuboza 2017, umutungo wose w’isosiyete ufite agaciro ka miliyari 127.73 (hafi miliyoni 149.72 US $), imigabane y’abanyamigabane ingana na miliyari 35.7 (miliyoni 41.83 US $). == Amateka == Amateka ya Bralirwa yatangiye kuva 1957. Ubuyobozi bw'inzoga zo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]], icyo gihe ziyobowe na '''Brasseries de Leopoldville''' (Uruganda rwa Kinshasa), rwafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka urundi ruganda rukora inzoga mu karere k'iburasirazuba. Umujyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], ku nkombe y’amajyaruguru [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|yikiyaga cya Kivu]], watoranijwe kubamo inzoga nshya. Gisenyi yatoranijwe kubera impamvu ebyiri: (a) Byagerwaho byoroshye, n'amazi, ubutaka n'umwuka kandi (b) Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite umubare munini wibigega bya gaze metani, isoko yingufu zindi. Uruganda rwenga inzoga rwatangiye gukora mu 1959 rutangira gukora byeri ya Primus, ikirango cyonyine cyakozwe kugeza 1987. Mu 1987, hashyizweho ikirango gishya cy’inzoga zaho, Mützig . Mu 1989, Bralirwa yatangiye gukora Guinness abiherewe uruhushya. [[Dosiye:Brasserie_Bralirwa.jpg|thumb|Brasserie Bralirwa]] Mu 1971, mu Heineken Group, a [[Ubuholandi|Dutch]] haradutse abubatsi, yaguze kw'ijana 70 abenshi imigabane mu Bralirwa. Hamwe no kugura, Bralirwa yazamuye cyane uburyo bwo kuyikora. Mu 1974, Bralirwa itandukanye mu gukora ibinyobwa bidasembuye . Uruganda rw’ibinyobwa rworoshye rwafunguwe i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda n’umujyi munini. Uruganda rwenga inzoga rwafatanije na Sosiyete Coca-Cola, yemerera Bralirwa kwagura ibicuruzwa byakozwe. Kuva muri 2018, Bralirwa ni uruganda rukora inzoga n’ibinyobwa byemewe mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga ndetse no kwagura ibinyobwa bisindisha n'ibidasindisha. == Nyirubwite == Imigabane yimigabane yisosiyete iri kurutonde rwimigabane yu Rwanda (RSE), aho bacuruza munsi yikimenyetso cya '''BLRW''' . Itsinda rya Heineken rifite 75 ku ijana by'imigabane y'isosiyete. 25% isigaye ni iy'abashoramari ku giti cyabo n'inzego. Ukuboza 2009, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yitandukanije neza na sosiyete igurisha imigabane 5 ku ijana mu itsinda rya Heineken ndetse no gushyira ku rutonde 25% basigaye kuri RSE, binyuze mu itangwa rya mbere (IPO). As of December 2017 of December 2017 , umutungo wimigabane yisosiyete nkuko bigaragara mumbonerahamwe ikurikira: [[Dosiye:Bottles_of_Coca-Cola_on_Shelf_in_a_Carrefour_Store,_Taiwan.jpg|thumb|Ibicuruzwa byo kunywa birimo coca-cola, heinicken, Primus na Mitziing]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:0.5em auto" |+Bralirwa ! style="width:2em;" | Urutonde ! Izina rya nyirubwite ! Ijanisha nyirizina |- | 1 | Heineken Mpuzamahanga | 40.01 |- | 2 | Belegginsmaatschapij BV | 35.00 |- | 3 | Arisaig Africa Consumer Fund Limited | 7.06 |- | 4 | Ikigo cy'Ubwiteganyirize bw'u Rwanda | 2.80 |- | 5 | CFC Stanbic Nominees Limited A / C NR13303 | 2.68 |- | 6 | FRB ITF Ishoramari Ikigega cya Afrika | 2.58 |- | 7 | CFC Stanbic Nominees Limited A / C NR 4262756 | 1.99 |- | 8 | Frontaura Global Frontier Fund LLC | 1.70 |- | 9 | Abashoramari b'ibigo n'abikorera binyuze muri RSE | 5.18 |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' | '''100.00''' |- |} == Imiyoborere == Kugeza mu Kuboza 2017, abagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya Bralirwa barimo abantu bakurikira: * Boudewijn Haarsma: Umuyobozi w'intebe * Victor Madiela: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere * Chantal Mubarure: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere * George Gakuba: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere * John Bosco Sebabi: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere * Jordi Borrut Bel: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere * Hubert Eze: Umuyobozi udakurikirana imegidendere == Ibikorwa == Uruganda rwa Bralirwa ruherereye i [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], hafi 158 kilometres (98 mi), kumuhanda, iburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru wu Rwanda. Icyicaro gikuru cyikigo giherereye i Kigali. Ikindi giherereye i Kigali ni Uruganda rwibinyobwa rworoheje, aho ibinyobwa bya Coca-Cola bikomoka kuri karubone bikorerwa uruhushya. Muri Gicurasi 2011, ibinyamakuru byatangaje ko iyi sosiyete iri mu rwego rwo gushyiraho umurongo mushya wo gukora ibinyobwa bidasembuye ku ruganda rw’uru ruganda i Kicukiro, mu nkengero za Kigali, no kuzamura uruganda rwenga inzoga i Gisenyi. == Ibirango == Ibirango byakozwe na Bralirwa birimo: === Inzoga === * Primus * Citron * Turbo King * Huza * Mützig, a 5.5% ABV lager; yatangijwe mu 1987. * Mützig Lite * Heineken * Amstel * Legend === Ibinyobwa bidasembuye === * Coca-Cola * Fanta : Orange, Citron, Fiesta * Sprite * Soda == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda|Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba, u Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.bralirwa.com/ Urupapuro rwitangiriro] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070830131102/http://www.heinekeninternational.com/homepage.aspx Heineken] * [http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Rwanda-s-Bralirwa-gets-Sh2-5bn-loan-to-fund-expansion/-/539552/2848824/-/o81glq/-/index.html Bralirwa yo mu Rwanda ibona KSh2.5 Inguzanyo ya miliyari yo kwagura inkunga] '''Amafoto''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301205945/http://www.vaucher.info/voyages/rwanda/tourisme/gisenyi/gisenyi_015.jpg Inzoga ya Bralirwa muri Gisenyi] 7ujg9ag6tmpkf4n0c3q4c24qc23jjco 0 8553 77822 73757 2021-08-18T00:06:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_Butare.png|right|thumb|Ikarita yerekana Intara ya Butare]] '''Butare''' yari intara ( ''perefegitura'' ) y'u Rwanda mbere yuko iseswa muri Mutarama 2006. Umujyi wa [[Butare]] niwo mujyi wa kabiri munini mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ni imwe mu [[Intara y’u Rwanda|ntara]] zahoze ari [[Intara y’u Rwanda|intara]] cumi na zibiri. Iherereye mu majyepfo yo hagati mu gihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] mu majyepfo. yari ifite abaturage 77.449 guhera muri Mutarama 2006. == Ibisobanuro == Butare yari iherereye mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] . Uburinganire bwayo bwari bujyanye n’ibindi bihugu byose byo mu Rwanda, kandi byari imisozi ugereranije na Tanzaniya ikikije, ariko ntibyari imisozi nk’amajyaruguru yu Rwanda. == Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|thumb|310x310px|MRND]] Mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda (ICTR) rwakoze iperereza kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, impuguke André Guichaoua yavuze ko Butare ari "intara y’inyeshyamba." Butare ni perefegitura yonyine iyobowe [[Abatutsi|n'Umututsi]], Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana, warwanyije byimazeyo jenoside. Kubera ko yari ifite umubare munini w'Abatutsi, politiki ya perefegitura yiganjemo Parti Social Démocrate (PSD), aho kuba Mouvement Républicain National pour la Démocratie et le développement (MRND), aho [[Interahamwe|Interahamwe za]] jenoside zakuye abayoboke. Interahamwe muri Butare rero ntizari nyinshi kandi zitunganijwe neza kurusha bagenzi babo bo mu bindi bice by'igihugu. Igihe igihugu cyatangiraga kumena amaraso nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]] (ntaho ahuriye na perefe) ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Butare ntiyigeze ikorwaho, usibye komini ya Nyakizu . Abatutsi benshi bahunze urugomo mu tundi turere tw’igihugu basanze ubuhungiro i Butare. [[Dosiye:Graves with Victim of 1994 Genocide - Catholic Cathedral - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda (9009579800).jpg|thumb|Butare]] Umutuzo wamaze ibyumweru bibiri. Perezida w'agateganyo Théodore Sindikubwabo, na we ukomoka mu gace ka Butare, yashyizeho perefe mushya ku ya 19 Mata mu birori byabereye mu murwa mukuru wa perefegitura. Perefe Habyalimana nyuma yaho gato arafatwa aricwa. Umwe mu bajegukurikiraho gupfa ni uwahoze ari [[Rosalie Gicanda|Umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda]], wasobanuwe n'ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ko ari "ikimenyetso cy'amateka ku Batutsi bose". Paramilitary imitwe n'Interahamwe bari hanyuma bubona mu [[Kigali]], ikimenyetso ntangiriro bwicanyi. Hasabwe ko ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma y'Abahutu bwahangayikishijwe cyane na Butare kuko benshi muri bo bari kavukire; uretse Sindikubwabo, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Jean Kambanda]] (umuntu wa mbere uhamijwe icyaha TPIR), General Augustin Ndindiliyimana (umutwe wa Gendarmie), na Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, wari minisitiri wa abagore n'umuryango bari bose bavukiye mu Butare. N'ubwo itsembabwoko ryatinze ibyumweru bibiri, 220.000 baje kwicwa. Iba barenga 20% byuzuye hamwe umubara usumba kure iya perefegitura iyo ari yo yose. == Amahuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041222095714/http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/poverty_reduction/butare_pilot.htm Butare Pilote] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041229044610/http://www.rwandatourism.com/kigali.htm Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda kuri Kigali na Butare] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/200502180725.html Butare, Umujyi 'Umunyabwenge' warushije agaciro, Ndetse no muri Jenoside], ibiro ntaramakuru bya Hirondelle, ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2005 Coordinates: 2°36′S 29°45′E / 2.6°S 29.75°E / -2.6; 29.75 [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] kfdya30wn9mye5h0i51zsp1fas3v8gl 0 8554 77293 76942 2021-08-09T20:08:16Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 16 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Huye City University building.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|univercity]] [http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/ IPRC Huye], ishuri rikuru ry’u [[Rwanda]] ry’Imyuga n’ubumenyingiro – Koleji ya Huye, ryahoze ari IPRC y’Amajyepfo iherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba yaranahoze ari Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare ry’abasirikare b’abofisiye bato “Ecole des Sous-Officiers (ESO)”.<ref>Ex-military school turned into technical college, https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/57616</ref><ref>ecole des sous officiers de butare, <nowiki>https://books.google.rw/books?id=2ZSrZ9Y5zF4C&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=ecole+des+sous+officiers+de+butare&source=bl&ots=6hBaGkSi6O&sig=ACfU3U0p5-OQh8zqc0DF97VnTzLGnM_YAg&hl=rw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjttMn037vsAhWoy4UKHTZZAco4FBDoATAAegQIBBAC#v=onepage&q=ecole%20des%20sous%20officiers%20de%20butare&f=false</nowiki></ref> Ubu, ni imwe mu ma Koleji arindwi agize [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021094148/https://rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=2 Rwanda Polytechnic (RP)] , kimwe mu bigo bya [https://web.archive.org/web/20201025194928/https://mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?id=23 Minisiteri y'Uburezi]. Iri shuri ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012 ku bufatanye bwa [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)#cite_note-1|Minisiteri y’Ingabo]] n’iy’[[:en:Ministry_of_Education_(Rwanda)|Uburezi]] mu [[Rwanda]], rikomeza gukorera mu kigo cy’icyahoze ari ishuri rya gisirikare. Kugeza ubu, iri Shuri Rikuru rimaze gusohora abarirangizamo ubugira gatatu kandi abenshi muri bo bakorera igihugu mu nzego zitandukanye, abandi barikorera<ref>80% by’abarangiza muri IPRC South bahita babona akazi, October 10 2017, <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/80-by-abarangiza-muri-iprc-south-bahita-babona-akazi</nowiki></ref>. == '''Amateka''' == [[IPRC Huye]] yatangiye ikorera I Kavumu mu [[:en:Southern_Province,_Rwanda|Ntara y’Amjyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]], [[akarere ka Nyanza]], Umurenge wa Busasamana. Mu mwaka wa 2010, [[:en:Ministry_of_Education_(Rwanda)|Minisiteri y’Uburezi]] n’Iy’[[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)|Ingabo]] zagiranye amasezerano yo gushyiraho Ishuri ry’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] ahahoze Ishuri rikuru rya Gisirikare ryari rizwi nka ESO kuko Kavumu hari hato hadashobora gushyirwa Ishuri rinini nk’iri ryari ririmo kwaguka cyane. [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)|Minisiteri y’ingabo]] ni yo yatangiye kurivugurura ariko [https://www.wda.gov.rw/ Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere Imyuga WDA] kigatanga ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikenewe.<ref>Mu yahoze ari ESO ubu hakorera ishuri rikuru ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro rizwi nka IPRC South, <nowiki>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-ya-jenoside-mu-yahoze-ari-eso-akomeje-kuba-amayobera?url_reload=7</nowiki></ref> Mu 2012, Ishuri ryimuye icyicaro riva I Kavumu ryerekeza ahahoze ESO mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], [[Akarere ka Huye]], Umurenge wa Ngoma, Akagari ka Butare, Umudugudu wa Bukinanyana ku muhanda uvuye ku isoko rikuru rya Huye werekeza ku [http://www.chub.rw/index.php?id=2 Bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Butare CHUB].<ref>Higher Learning Institutions located in Butare, <nowiki>http://197.243.22.137/Huye8/fileadmin/templates/amatangazo/AMASHURI_MAKURU.pdf</nowiki></ref> Mu Kuboza 2012, Ishuri ryatangiye kwigisha abanyeshuri nyuma riza gufungurwa ku mugaragaro na Minisitiri w’Uburezi [[:en:Vincent_Biruta|Dr. BIRUTA Vincent]] ari hamwe na Minisitiri w’Ingabo [[:en:James_Kabarebe|Gen. James Kabarebe]], ku wa 27 Kamena 2013.<ref>Integrated Polytechnic Regional College – Huye, <nowiki>https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/XX/Unknown/389896337785423/IPRC-Huye</nowiki></ref> <ref>TVET Schools in HUYE District, <nowiki>http://197.243.22.137/Huye8/fileadmin/user_upload/TVT_SCHOOLS.pdf</nowiki></ref> Intego nyamukuru yo gushinga iri shuri yari iyo kwigisha abana b’abanyarwanda imyuga n’ubumenyingiro kugira ngo babashe gutanga umusanzu wabo mu iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’Igihugu. Icyo gihe, ishuri ryakoraga nk’ishami rya [https://www.wda.gov.rw/ WDA] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] kandi rikareberera ibikorwa, birimo n’imyigishirize, by’amashuri y’Imyuga yo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]]. Muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]], muri iri shuri hari abasirikare bivugwa ko bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bari mu cyahoze ari Butare harimo n’[[Umugabekazi]] w’u [[Rwanda]] [[Rosalie Gicanda]] wishwe ku wa 20 Mata 1994 bitegetswe n’Umusirikare wayoboraga iri shuri.<ref>Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène (April 20, 2020), APRIL 20, 1994: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GENOCIDE PERPETRATED AGAINST TUTSI THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, <nowiki>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=0&tx_news_pi1</nowiki>[news]=4124&tx_news_pi1[controller]=News&tx_news_pi1[action]=detail&cHash=e7e29602ca3feb2f827aaed6c518bf34</ref> <ref>International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, December 17 2010, p.5. <nowiki>https://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-00-55c/indictments/fr/101217.pdf</nowiki></ref> <ref>CAPITAINE DES EX-FAR CONDAMNE A MORT POUR GENOCIDE, August 08, 1998, <nowiki>https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/hirondelle-news/7702-capitaine-des-ex-far-condamne-a-mort-pour-genocide4492.html</nowiki></ref> <ref>Ildéphonse Nizeyimana Sentenced to Life Imprisonment, 19 Jun 2012, <nowiki>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/ild%C3%A9phonse-nizeyimana-sentenced-life-imprisonment</nowiki></ref> <ref>The Prosecutor v. Ildéphonse Nizeyimana, 19 June 2012, <nowiki>http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/131/Nizeyimana/</nowiki></ref><ref>“LET THEM STAND ASIDE FOR US AND LET US WORK”, <nowiki>https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno11-4-02.htm</nowiki></ref> == '''Amashami''' == Kuva iri shuri ryatangira ryishije amasomo y’igihe kinini amara imyaka itatu n’andi y’igihe gito amara umwaka cyangwa amezi atatu. Mu masomo y’igihe kirekire aho urangije atahana impamyabumenyi, hari amashami atandatu: Ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho (ICT)<ref>ICT Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201022154337/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub111&&m=ict</ref>, Ikoranabuhanga mu mashanyarazi na Elegitroniki<ref>Electrical and Electronics Engineering https://web.archive.org/web/20201021023136/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub112&&m=eet</ref>, Ubuhanga mu Bwubatsi<ref>Civil Engineering Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201020194056/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub113&&m=cect</ref>, Ubuhanga mu gukanika ibikoresho byo mu Nganda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mechanical Engineering Departmment http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |url=http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |accessdate=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032124/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |deadurl=yes }}</ref>, Ubuhinzi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Engineering Department http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |url=http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |accessdate=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024232817/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ndetse n’ubworozi<ref>Veterinary Technology Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032123/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub115&&m=vet</ref>. Abiga igihe gito na bo biga muri ayo mashami wongeyeho iry’Amahoteri, guteka, kumesa, gukoropa no kwakira abantu dore ko mu [[Rwanda]] ibijyanye n’[[:en:Tourism_in_Rwanda|ubukerarugendo]] ari bimwe mu byo igihugu gishyize imbere, ariko hagafatwamo amasomo amwe n’amwe yabafasha kwihangira imirimo. Aha ni na ho bamwe mu mpunzi ziri mu nkambi mu [[Rwanda]] bagenda bazanwa kwiga imyuga mu rwego rwo kubafasha kwiyumva mu muryango nyarwanda.<ref>E-learning Program for refugees, <nowiki>https://www.unhcr.org/rw/refugee/protection-updates</nowiki></ref> Ubu hanatangijwe gahunda yo gufasha abasanzwe bafite imyuga bazi ariko batashoboye kuyiga, gukora ibizamini maze utsinze agahabwa Inyemezabumenyi kugira ngo bizamworohere kubona akazi cyangwa gukora kinyamwuga ibyo azabasha kwikorera. Hari kandi Amashami abiri y’inyongera afasha umunyeshuri gusohoka ashobora kuzahangana ku isoko ry’umurimi: [[Icyongereza]] no [[:en:Entrepreneurship|kwihangira imirimo]] ndetse n’[[:en:Science|amasiyansi]] nk’[[:en:Mathematics|imibare]], [[:en:Physics|ubugenge]] n’[[:en:Chemistry|ubutabire]]. [[Dosiye:Iprc_kigali.jpg|thumb|umwuga w'ububaji]] [[Dosiye:Minna3D_5.jpg|thumb|Ikoranabuhanga]] == '''Abarangije''' == Kuva mu ntango, [[IPRC Huye]] imaze gusohora ibyiciro bitatu by’abarangije. Bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 2017, harangije 349 barimo abagore 60 n’abagabo 289. Bwa kabiri mu 2018 nyuma gato y’aho hagiriyeho [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ry’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro RP] ari na ho [[IPRC Huye]] yabaye Koleji, harangije 360 barimo abagore 73 n’abagabo 287.<ref>RP Graduated over 2000 at its 2nd Graduatio, https://www.rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=44&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=69&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=21&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=3&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2019&cHash=62020252a769e22a2fe50c30e78d23ba</ref> Bwa gatatu ni mu 2019, mu muhango wabereye mu nzu y’imyidagaduro igezweho ya [[:en:Kigali_Arena|Kigali Arena]], harangije 325 barimo abagore 78 n’abagabo 247.<ref>RP holds its 3rd graduation, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021151346/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/viewnews.php?PID=11</ref> == '''Ubuzima bw’abanyeshuri''' == Ubundi yitwa umunyeshuri, umuntu wese wiyandikishije kandi akemererwa kwiga muri iri shuri. Abaryigamo bagira uburenganzira bwo kwishimisha, kugira ubuzima, kwiga, kugira icumbi, gushinga amatsinda ayo ari yose yaba ay’imyemerere, ay’umuco n’ibindi. Gusa, ikoreshwa ry’[[:en:Toxicity|ibiyobyabwenge]] ntiryemewe.<ref>IPRC Huye code of conduct, https://web.archive.org/web/20201020164745/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/image/STUDENT-REGULATIONS-AND-CODE-OF-CONDUCT.pdf</ref> == '''Imikino''' == [[Umukino|Imikino]] muri [[IPRC Huye]] ifatwa nka kimwe mu bituma hatangwa [[:en:Education|uburezi]] bufite iremwe. Ni na yo mpamvu nk’abakozi buri wa gatanu wa buri cyumweru bakorera hamwe [[siporo]] rusange. Ishuri kandi rifite amakipe akomeye mu mikino y’intoki ya [[:en:Basketball|basketball]] na [[:en:Volleyball|Volleyball]] haba mu bagore no mu bagabo. Aya makipe yitabira amarushanwa akomeye mu gihugu nka shamiyona, iry’[[:en:Heroes'_Day|intwari]] n’andi kandi hose agatahukana intsinzi.<ref>IPRC Huye BBC yigaranzuye The Hoops, itwara igikombe k’irushanwa ry’Intwari 2020, <nowiki>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/iprc-huye-bbc-yigaranzuye-the-hoops-itwara-igikombe-k-irushanwa-ry-intwari-2020</nowiki></ref> <ref>REG BBC, RP-IPRC Huye WBBC lift Basketball National Heroes’ cup, <nowiki>https://en.igihe.com/news/reg-bbc-rp-iprc-huye-wbbc-lift-basketball.html</nowiki></ref> == '''Guhanga udushya''' == [[:en:Research|Ubushakashatsi]] no [[:en:Innovation|guhanga ibishya]] ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba iri shuri rishingiyeho. Hari Komite ishinzwe kureba uko [[:en:Innovation|ibishya]] bikwiye guhangwa irebererwa n’Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe amasomo n’amahugurwa. Abashya baza kwiga muri iri shuri basabwa nibura kuzarangiza bgize agashya bahanga.<ref>Abatangira muri IPRC-Huye barasabwa guhanga udushya bacyiga, <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/abatangizi-muri-iprc-huye-barasabwa-guhanga-udushya-bacyiga</nowiki></ref> Ingufu zashyizwemo, zatumye mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo habaga umuhango wo guha impamyabumenyi abarangije mu [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro] bwa mbere, [[IPRC Huye]] yahawe igihembo cy’uko yabaye indashyikirwa mu [[:en:Innovation|guhanga udushya]] nyuma y’aho abanyeshuri babiri bari bayirangijemo mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021023136/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub112&&m=eet ishami rya Elegitroniki] BISIMWA Seth and MANIRUMVA Frank bakoze imashini irarira ikanaturaga amagi mu buryo bugezweho. <ref>Huye: Abiga muri IPRC South bakoze urugi rufunguzwa imibare y’ibinga-Menya ibindi bakoze, <nowiki>https://www.umubavu.com/amakuru/article/Huye-Abiga-muri-IPRC-South-bakoze-urugi-rufunguzwa-imibare-y-ibinga-Menya-ibindi-bakoze</nowiki></ref> == '''Ubuyobozi''' == Ishuri riyoborwa n’umuyobozi mukuru witwa Principal ukora munsi y’[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/229822 Umuyobozi mukuru] wa [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ RP] ndetse na Minisitiri w’Uburezi. Uyu muyobozi yungirizwa n’abandi babiri, ushinzwe amasomo n’amahungurwa n’undi ushinzwe imirimo rusange ureberera cyane abakora mu ishami ry’imari, ry’imyubakire n’ibikorwaremezo n’iry’imibereho y’abanyeshuri.<ref>Law establishing RP and IPRCs, https://web.archive.org/web/20201020173638/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/admin/uploads/documents/OG+N0+07+of+12-02-2018f+f+pdf.pdf</ref> Kuva ishuri ryatangira ryayobowe na [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021221208/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub1&&m=ab Majoro Dogiteri TWABAGIRA Barnabe]. == '''IPRC Huye n’Icyorezo cya Koronavirusi''' == Kuva muri werurwe 2020, ubwo hagaragaraga umurwayi wa mbere wa [[Icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda|Koronavirusi]] mu [[Rwanda]], Iri shuri kimwe n’andi yo mu gihugu ryahise rifunga imiryango, abanyeshuri n’abarimu barataha ariko amasomo akomeza gutangwa binyuze kuri murandasi.<ref>RP E-learning platform, <nowiki>https://elearning.rp.ac.rw/course/index.php?categoryid=6</nowiki></ref> Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira tariki ya 19 mu mwaka wa 2020, ni bwo imiryango yongeye gufungurwa ariko habanza gusubukura amasomo ku biga mu mwaka wa gatatu urangiza, abandi bakazagenda bakurikiraho mu byiciro.<ref>Announcement for IPRCs re-opening, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021184941/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/admin/uploads/documents/Announcement%20for%20RP-IPRCs%20REOPENING.pdf</ref> == '''Imiyoboro''' == [[Category:Rwanda]] <references />Reba IPRC Huye website, http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/ Rwanda Polytechnic Website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021094148/https://rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=2 Workforce Development Authority Website, https://www.wda.gov.rw/ Rwanda Ministry of Education website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201025194928/https://mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?id=23 [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Afurika]] 2mn0qjgo2ckp0r406nn0qykw0docqzy 0 8555 76929 73787 2021-08-04T00:02:22Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goma''' ni umurwa mukuru w'intara [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ya Kivu]] y'Amajyaruguru mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Iherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], iruhande rw'umujyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] wo mu [[Rwanda]] . Ikiyaga hamwe ni mijyi yombi iri muri Albertine Rift, ishami ryiburengerazuba bwa sisitemu yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba . Goma iri muri km 13–18 gusa majyepfo yikirunga cya Nyiragongo . Amateka ya vuba ya Goma yiganjemo ikirunga na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, ari na yo yongereye Intambara ya mbere n'iya kabiri ya Congo . Nyuma yibi bintu byari bikigira ingaruka ku mujyi no kuwukikije mu 2010. Uyu mujyi wafashwe n’inyeshyamba zo ku March 23 Movement mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kwa M23 mu mpera za 2012, ariko kuva icyo gihe zasubijwe inyuma n’ingabo za leta. Umupasitori wanduye mu cyorezo cya Ebola cya Kivu kiri cya 2018–2020 muri ako karere byamenyekanye ko hagati muri Nyakanga 2019 ariho yagiye i Goma. == Amateka == === Ikibazo cy'impunzi 1994 === [[Dosiye:Goma Airport Potters-2.jpg|center|thumb|481x481px|goma]] [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko]] ryo mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] ryo mu 1994 ryakozwe na guverinoma y'agateganyo y'u Rwanda ku baturage b'abatutsi ndetse n'abahutu bashyira mu gaciro. Mu rwego rwo gusubiza imbere [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), rwashinzwe n’impunzi z’abatutsi muri Uganda, zari zimaze kugenzura uduce twinshi two mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda nyuma y’igitero cya 1990 ndetse n’intambara y’abenegihugu ikomeje, ihirika leta y’Abahutu i Kigali irayirukana. Bumwe mu butumwa bwinshi bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bwagerageje gutanga akarere keza mu bihe bihindagurika kandi bitanga impunzi nziza. Kuva ku ya 13 Kamena kugeza ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1994, impunzi 10,000 kugeza 12.000 ku munsi zambutse umupaka zerekeza Goma. Kwinjira kwinshi kwateje ikibazo gikomeye cy’ikiremwamuntu, kubera ko habuze aho kuba, ibiryo n'amazi. Icyakora, guverinoma ya Zaïrean yiyemeje kwita kuri iki kibazo. Gatoyi inyuma y'aho ukuza hafi miliyoni imwe impunzi, a yica kolera Ebola avuga ibihumbi ubuzima mu nkambi z'impunzi z'Abahutu hirya Goma. Ingabo za FPR zahujije cyane cyane uruhare mu ntambara, zambutse umupaka kandi mu bikorwa byo kwihorera nazo zahitanye abantu benshi. === Intambara ya mbere ya congo === Imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ndetse n'abagize guverinoma y'agateganyo y'Abahutu bari mu mpunzi, maze bagaba ibitero mu nkambi zikikije Goma bagaba igitero ku bwoko bw'Abatutsi bo mu moko ya leta ya Kivus n'u Rwanda ku mupaka. Kubera impamvu za politiki, guverinoma ya [[Kinshasa]] y’icyo gihe cya Zayire iyobowe na Joseph Mobutu ntiyigeze ibuza ibyo bitero, bityo leta y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo ba Uganda batera inkunga inkunga y’ubumwe bw’ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohoza Zayire, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uyobowe na Laurent Kabila kurwanya Mobutu. Ingabo z'u Rwanda zagabye igitero mu nkambi za Goma, bituma hapfa abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, kandi babifashijwemo n'iza Uganda, Kabila yagiye guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu mu ntambara ya mbere ya Kongo, yarangiye mu 1997. === Intambara ya kabiri ya congo === Mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe, Kabila yari yatonganye n'abahoze ari inshuti ze, maze mu 1998 guverinoma y'u Rwanda ishyigikira umutwe w'inyeshyamba zishingiye muri Goma urwanya Kabila, imyigaragambyo y'Abanyekongo iharanira demokarasi (RCD, rimwe na rimwe bita RCD-Goma ) ikozwe n'abaturage ba Banyamulenge, ifitanye isano n'Abatutsi. . Bafashe Bukavu n'indi mijyi, Intambara ya Kongo ya kabiri iratangira. Inkambi z'impunzi za Goma, aho Abahutu bari barashinze umutwe witwaje intwaro witwa FDLR (Force Democratic for Liberation of Rwanda), bongeye kwibasirwa n'ingabo za leta y'u Rwanda na RCD. Intambara ya kabiri ya Kongo ntiyari yarigeze ibaho muri Afurika kubera gutakaza ubuzima bw'abasivili mu bwicanyi n'amahano. Kugeza 2003 Banyamulenge yari yarambiwe intambara kandi amakimbirane yagaragaye hagati yabo nu Rwanda. Mu 2002 na 2003 hagaragaye amahoro yoroheje yumushyikirano hagati yimpande nyinshi zagize uruhare muntambara. [[File:La_città_di_Goma_e_il_lago_Kivu_(RD_Congo).JPG|right|thumb|Ikirere cya Goma mu Kwakira 2010]] [[File:15_novembre_2014._Goma,_Nord-Kivu,_RD_Congo._Une_vue_aérienne_de_la_ville_de_Goma._(16927160596).jpg|left|thumb|Reba amazu muri Goma, 2014]] Kuva mu 2003 hagaragaye ihohoterwa ryinshi. Abahutu FDLR bagumye mu mashyamba no mu misozi mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bwa Goma, bagaba ibitero ku mupaka w'u Rwanda no ku Banyamulenge. Ingabo z’ingabo z’igihugu cya Kongo ntizishobora cyangwa ntizishaka kubahagarika, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu u Rwanda rukomeje gushyigikira inyeshyamba za Banyamulenge nka RCD na Jenerali Nkunda, no kugaba ibitero muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru zikurikirana FDLR. <ref name="McGreal">McGreal, C. 2007. [https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,,2161241,00.html "Fear of fresh conflict in Congo as renegade general turns guns on government forces."] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2007, imirwano nini yatewe ubwoba ko izongera gutangira kubera ko umutwe w'ingabo 8000 w’ingabo za Jenerali Nkunda, ukikije Rutshuru, witandukanije no kwishyira hamwe n’ingabo za Kongo maze utangira kubatera mu mujyi wa Masisi uherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Goma. MONUC ( Inshingano z'umuryango w'abibumbye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ) yatangiye gutwara indege ingabo za Kongo muri Goma no kuzimura na kajugujugu kuva ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma i Masisi. <ref name="McGreal">McGreal, C. 2007. [https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,,2161241,00.html "Fear of fresh conflict in Congo as renegade general turns guns on government forces."] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> Ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2008, Intambara ya Goma yatangiye mu mujyi hagati y’ingabo za Kongo, zishyigikiwe na MONUC, n’inyeshyamba za CNDP za Nkunda; Impunzi 200.000 zahunze umujyi. Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 2012 habaye imirwano hagati y'ingabo z'Abanyekongo n'u Rwanda ku mupaka uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Goma. Goma yaje gufatwa n’umutwe wa M23 ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2012. <ref name="Callimachi">[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-20/congolese-rebels-penetrate-goma-take-airport "Congolese rebels seize Goma, take airport."] Melanie Goubyrukmini Callimachi, "Bloomberg BusinessWeek", Tuesday November 20, 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> "Ibihumbi mirongo" by'abasivili bahunze ako karere. Muri Kanama 2019, Minisitiri w’ubuzima Diane Gashumba wo mu Rwanda yatangaje ko abanyeshuri bazahagarika kujya mu ishuri i Goma, umujyi wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo wegereye umupaka kubera ubwoba bwa Ebola. == Politiki == : ''Reba kandi: List of governors of North Kivu'' ''intara'' Goma ihagarariwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko n'abadepite batanu / Abahagarariye: * Jean Batiste Kasekwa (ECIDE) * Hubert Furuguta (UNC) * Patrick Munyomo (AFDC) * Elvis Mutiri (ADR) * Josue Mufula (LDIC) === Urutonde rw'abayobozi === * Kana Guzangamana 1989-1991 * Mingale Mwenemalibu mu 1991 * Athanase Kahanya Kimuha Tasi 1991-1993 * Mashako Mamba Sebi 1993-1996 * Kisuba shebaeni 1996-1998 * Francois-Xavier Nzabara Masetsa 1998-2005 * Polydore Wundi Kwavwirwa 2005-2008 * Roger Rachid Tumbula, ahagana mu mwaka wa 2008-2011 [https://www.radiookapi.net/regions/nord-kivu/2010/12/13/poursuite-de-l%25e2%2580%2599operation-%25e2%2580%25b9-destruction-des-constructions-anarchiques%25e2%2580%25ba Poursuite de l'opération ‹ gusenya des kubaka anarchique ›]  * Jean Busanga Malihaseme, Muri 2011-? * Kubuya Ndoole Naason, 2012-? * Dieudonné Malere, 2015–? * Timothée Mwisa Kyese, 2018 - ubungubu == Ibikorwa byibirunga bikikije Goma == Ikibaya kinini cya Rift kirimo gukururwa, biganisha ku nyamugigima no gushiraho ibirunga muri ako gace. [[File:Nyiragongo_volcano_-_SRTM.jpg|right|thumb|Ishusho ya mudasobwa yikirunga cya Nyiragongo ikomoka kumafoto ya satelite, yerekana ihungabana rya Goma-Gisenyi ku nkombe yikiyaga imbere. Inyuma, ibumoso, ni ikirunga cya [[Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] . Menya ko igipimo gihagaritse cyakabije.]] Muri Mutarama 2002, Nyiragongo yaradutse, yohereza umugezi wa lava 200 metres (219 yd) kugeza kuri one kilometre (1,100 yards) z'ubugari no kugera kuri metero ebyiri (6½)ft) byimbitse unyuze hagati mu mujyi kugera ku nkombe z'ikiyaga. Inzego zikurikirana ikirunga zashoboye gutanga umuburo kandi abaturage benshi ba Goma bimukiye i Gisenyi. Lava yashenye 40% yumujyi (amazu ninyubako zirenga 4.500). Hariho impfu zimwe na zimwe zatewe na lava no gusohora imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone, itera guhumeka . Lava nayo yitwikiriye amajyaruguru 1☃☃km ya kilometero 3-kilometre (9,800 ft)kiriye amajyaruguru 1&nbsp;km ya kilometero 3-kilometre (9,800 ft) umuhanda wikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Goma, utandukanya terminal na apron byari kuri iyo mpera. <ref>[http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/KAZANKYO/n_report/72.pdf "Cooperative Observations at Nyiragongo Volcano in D.R. of Congo".] Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> Lava irashobora kugaragara byoroshye mumafoto ya satelite, <ref>[http://earth.google.com Google Earth] has high resolution photographs showing the affected part of the airport at coordinates -1.658, 29.237. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> nindege irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje kilometero 2 (6.500-ft) igice cyamajyepfo yumuhanda ugaragara neza. Mu 2005, ibikorwa by'ibirunga byongeye kubangamira umujyi. Kugeza ubu abahanga muri Goma barimo gukurikirana Nyiragongo. === Iterabwoba ryatewe n'ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] ni kimwe mu biyaga bitatu byo muri Afurika byagaragaye ko gifite gaze nyinshi zashushe zifata igitutu mu burebure bwacyo. Babiri mu bandi, ikiyaga cya Monoun n'ikiyaga cya Nyos, bahuye n'ikibazo cyo guturika kwa limnic cyangwa 'kurenga ikiyaga', irekurwa rikabije rya dioxyde de carbone ihumeka ishobora kuba yaratewe n'inkangu. Ihirikwa ry'ikiyaga cya Nyos ryishe cyane, ryahitanye abantu bagera ku bihumbi bibiri mu gace gakikije ikiyaga. Kivu iruta inshuro 2000 kurenza ikiyaga cya Nyos kandi irimo na metani yashonze nk'ikindi cyago - nubwo kwibumbira hamwe kwa dioxyde de carbone biri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ikiyaga cya Nyos. Abantu bagera kuri miriyoni ebyiri, harimo n’abaturage ba Goma, batuye hafi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu kandi bashobora guhura n’akaga ko guturika kwatewe na kimwe mu birunga byegeranye ndetse na nyamugigima bifitanye isano nayo. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakes.shtml "Killer Lakes"]. ''BBC Two'', Thursday 4 April 2002. Summarised at www.bbc.co.uk.</ref> Ikintu kizwi nka ' mazuku ' cyahitanye abana vuba aha. == Ubwikorezi == Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma gitanga ingendo zo mu gihugu kandi, guhera mu 2016, indege imwe mpuzamahanga ( Ethiopian Airlines ). Uyu mujyi uri ku mupaka w’u Rwanda kandi umuturanyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] uhuza [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ku mihanda na bisi zisanzwe zigenda hagati yiyi mijyi mu masaha ane. Goma ihujwe na Bukavu na feri, i Butembo, Beni, Bunia na Kisangani haba mu ndege zo mu gihugu cyangwa mu muhanda, kandi bisi zisanzwe ziva Goma zijya muri iyi mijyi. Bifata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri y'urugendo (muri bisi) kugirango ugere muri iyo mijyi. == Ikirere == Sisitemu yo gushyira mu kirere ikirere cya Köppen-Geiger ishyira ikirere cyayo nk'ikirere gishyuha gishyuha (Aw). {{Weather box|location=Goma|Nov precipitation mm=138|May rain days=18|Apr rain days=22|Mar rain days=19|Feb rain days=16|Jan rain days=16|Dec precipitation mm=118|Oct precipitation mm=143|Jul rain days=6|Sep precipitation mm=117|Aug precipitation mm=70|Jul precipitation mm=29|Jun precipitation mm=55|May precipitation mm=108|Apr precipitation mm=119|Mar precipitation mm=117|Jun rain days=8|Aug rain days=8|Jan precipitation mm=94|Jund sun=6|source 1=''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 1531<span style="margin-right:1px">m</span><ref name="Climate-Data.org"/>|Decd sun=5|Novd sun=5|Octd sun=5|Sepd sun=5|Augd sun=5|Juld sun=7|Mayd sun=5|Sep rain days=15|Aprd sun=5|Mard sun=5|Febd sun=5|Jand sun=5|Dec rain days=19|Nov rain days=22|Oct rain days=20|Feb precipitation mm=84|precipitation colour=green|metric first=yes|Aug high C=25.8|Mar mean C=20.1|Feb mean C=20.1|Jan mean C=20|Dec high C=25.4|Nov high C=25.3|Oct high C=25.7|Sep high C=25.9|Jul high C=25.2|May mean C=19.9|Jun high C=25.3|May high C=25.3|Apr high C=25.4|Mar high C=25.7|Feb high C=25.7|Jan high C=25.6|single line=yes|Apr mean C=20|Jun mean C=19.4|Dec low C=14.4|Apr low C=14.7|Nov low C=14.1|Oct low C=14.2|Sep low C=14|Aug low C=13.9|Jul low C=13.1|Jun low C=13.6|May low C=14.6|Mar low C=14.6|Jul mean C=19.7|Feb low C=14.6|Jan low C=14.4|Dec mean C=19.9|Nov mean C=19.7|Oct mean C=19.9|Sep mean C=19.8|Aug mean C=19.8|source 2=''Weather2Travel'' for rainy days and sunshine<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/congo-kinshasa/goma.php |title=Goma Climate and Weather Averages, Congo-Kinshasa |publisher=Weather2Travel |accessdate=4 November 2013 }}</ref>}} == Ibindi biranga Goma == * Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma cyemera ingendo z’ubucuruzi kandi nanone, guhera mu 2015, umurongo w’abagenzi ukorwa n’indege ya Ethiopian Airlines uva Addis Abeba ugana Goma. * Goma ifite ibibaya bine cyangwa bitanu byose hamwe bigera kuri 130&nbsp;m, ndende ikaba igera kuri 80&nbsp;m. * [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga]], ibamo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi ziri mu]] kaga, iri mu majyaruguru y'umujyi. * Kugeza mu 2014, imurikagurisha ryari ryarafunguwe, ryerekana ibiti byaho, gushushanya, n'ibipupe . * Goma yakiriye amahugurwa y'abapadiri gatolika ''Redemptoris Mater'' iyobowe na Neocatechumenal Way . * Imihanda yo muri Goma yari imaze imyaka igera kuri 2 isanwa nabi, kandi n’imihanda myinshi yangiritse cyane kubera ibiza bituruka mu birunga. Imihanda myinshi yatangiye kongera kubakwa g1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi)’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa, kandi umujyi urimo gusanwa haba n’abashoramari ba Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, ndetse na MONUSCO . * Ku ya 16 Werurwe 2013 Abakorerabushake b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye na MONUSCO bateguye isiganwa rya Tshukudu i Goma. * Umujyi rwagati ni 1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi) kuva hagati ya Gisenyi. == Reba kandi == * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * INNOSS'B * FC Mwangaza * Impanga hagati y'umujyi wa Goma n'umujyi wa Woluwe Saint-Pierre, mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Ibindi: Urutonde rwimijyi yimpanga nimijyi ya bashiki bacu muburayi == Reba == {{Reflist}} * {{wikivoyage-inline|Goma}} * Tom Casadevall wo muri Amerika ushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye na geologiya ; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100706212813/http://cgs.illinois.edu/resources/webvideo/the-1994-rwandan-refugee-crisis-cultural-awareness-managing-natural-disasters "Ikibazo cy'impunzi zo mu Rwanda mu 1994: Kumenyekanisha umuco mu guhangana n'ibiza" (videwo ya 1h28m)] . Inyigisho zatanzwe muri kaminuza ya Illinois kuri Urbana-Champaign kuri volcanology ikikije Goma * Jordhus-Lier, David: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430042505/http://blog.nibrinternational.no/#post7 Ubuzima n'urupfu mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari] . ''Blog mpuzamahanga ya NIBR'', 15.02.2010. Amerekezo: 1°41′S 29°14′E / 1.683°S 29.233°E / -1.683; 29.233 [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4qaa158eleicep9rl98uykys6szrr36 0 8556 77833 77778 2021-08-18T00:44:19Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Rt.Hon._Dr._Edouard_Ngirente_-_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|218x218px|Rt.Hon. Dr. Edouard Ngirente -minisitiri w'intebe w'u Rwanda uriho ubu.]] Iyi ngingo irerekana abaminisitiri b’intebe b’u Rwanda kuva uyu mwanya watangira mu 1961 (mu gihe cya Revolution y'u Rwanda ), kugeza na nubu. Abantu cumi n'umwe bose bakoreye kuri uyu mwanya. Minisitiri w’intebe w’u [[Rwanda]] uriho ubu ni [[Édouard Ngirente]], watangiye imirimo ku ya 30 Kanama 2017. == Urufunguzo == ; ''Amashyaka ya politiki'' * Part of Hutu Emancipation Movement(ParmeHutu) * National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development(MRND) * Republican Democratic Movement (MDR) * [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]]Rwandan Patriotic Front(FPR) * Social Democratic Party(PSD) * ; ''Indi mitwe'' == Urutonde rw'abakozi == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Ifoto ! rowspan="2" |Izina<br /><br />(Ivuka–Ipfa) ! colspan="3" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" |ubwoko ! rowspan="2" |Ishyaka rya politiki ! rowspan="2" |[[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|President(s)]] |- !Gutangira !Kurangiza !Igihe ya maze mushingano |- ! colspan="8" |[[Rwanda|Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] (igice cya Ruanda-Urundi) |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |[[Grégoire Kayibanda]]<br /><br />(1924–1976) |28 Mutarama 1961 |1 Nyakanga 1962 | umwaka 1, iminsi 154  |Hutu |Parmehutu |[[Dominique Mbonyumutwa|Mbonyumutwa]]<br /><br />(we ubwe) |- ! colspan="8" |Republic of Rwanda (Igihugu kigenga) |- | colspan="8" |Nyuma yicibwa (1 Nyakanga 1962 – 12 Kanama 1991) |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |Sylvestre Nsanzimana<br /><br />(1936–1999) |12 Ukwakira 1991 |2 Mata 1992 | Iminsi 173  |Hutu |MRND |[[Juvénal Habyarimana|Habyarimana]] |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |Dismas Nsengiyaremye<br /><br />(1945–) |2 Mata 1992 |18 Nyakanga 1993 | umwaka 1 , iminsi 107  |Hutu |MDR |Habyarimana |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |Agathe Uwilingiyimana<br /><br />(1953–1994) |18 Nyakanga 1993 |7 Mata 1994<br /><br />(yariswe.)<br /> | Iminsi 263  |Hutu |MDR |Habyarimana |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |[[Jean Kambanda]]<br /><br />(1955–) |9 Mata 1994 |19 Nyakanga 1994<br /><br />(yavanyweho.) | Iminsi 101  |Hutu |MDR |Sindikubwabo |- |[[File:Twagiramungu_Faustin.jpg|80x80px]] |Faustin Twagiramungu<br /><br />(1945–) |19 Nyakanga 1994 |31 Kanama 1995 |Umwaka 1, Iminsi 43  |Hutu |MDR |[[Pasteur Bizimungu|Bizimungu]] |- |[[File:No_image.png|70x70px]] |Pierre-Célestin Rwigema<br /><br />(1953–) |31 Kanama 1995 |8 Werurwe 2000 | Imyaka 4 , Iminsi 190  |Hutu |MDR |Bizimungu |- |[[File:Bernard_Makuza.JPG|93x93px]] |[[Bernard Makuza]]<br /><br />(1961–) |8 Werurwe 2000 |7 Ukwakira 2011 | Imyaka 11 , Iminsi 213  |Hutu |MDR / <br /><br />Independent |Bizimungu<br /><br />[[Paul Kagame|Kagame]] |- |[[File:Pierre_Damien_Habumuremyi.jpg|105x105px]] |Pierre Habumuremyi<br /><br />(1961–) |7 Ukwakira 2011 |24 Nyakanga 2014 | Imyaka 2 , Iminsi 290  |Hutu |[[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|RPF]] |Kagame |- |[[File:Anastase-Murekezi.jpg|70x70px]] |Anastase Murekezi<br /><br />(1952–) |24 Nyakanga 2014 |30 Kanama 2017 | Imyaka 3 , Iminsi 37  |Hutu |PSD |Kagame |- |[[File:Tourism,_development_and_peace_-_The_story_of_Rwanda_(41565511561).jpg|70x70px]] |[[Édouard Ngirente]]<br /><br />(1973–) |30 Kanama 2017 |Aracyayobora | Imaka 3 , Iminsi 25 | |PSD |Kagame |- |} * [[Rwanda]] ** Politiki yo mu Rwanda ** [[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|Urutonde rw'abami b'u Rwanda]] ** [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Urutonde rwa ba perezida b'u Rwanda]] ** Visi Perezida w'u Rwanda ** Urutonde rwa ba guverineri b'abakoloni ba Ruanda-Urundi *** Urutonde rwabakoloni batuye u Rwanda * Urutonde rw'abayobozi == Inyandiko == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Rwanda.htm Abanyamahanga ku isi - u Rwanda] 6zndd7a22ry1nyln18avjilzczwnupa 0 8557 73754 2020-10-20T20:42:53Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Gender equality in Rwanda]] to [[Uburinganire bw'ibitsina byombi mu Rwanda]]: An English title on the RW WP page not appropriate wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburinganire bw'ibitsina byombi mu Rwanda]] rd45mq4i6tpeuqexwvr3ruw4pksafhk 0 8558 73756 2020-10-20T21:04:57Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Intara y’u Rwanda]] to [[Intara z’u Rwanda]]: Corrected a typo that was making it sounding different or changing the context wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Intara z’u Rwanda]] 5w13hwdzwhpv8uvfqp7qf3uw2vypgod 0 8559 73758 2020-10-20T21:11:40Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Butare Province]] to [[Perefegitura ya Butare]]: Wrong title. There is no Butare province in Rwanda. wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Perefegitura ya Butare]] gx3zwx8a2b32s9q8g18zdb59baip4bs 0 8561 76256 75166 2021-07-21T16:57:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Antoinekambanda.jpg|250px|thumb|Antoine Kambanda|link=Special:FilePath/Antoinekambanda.jpg]] [[Dosiye:Antoine Kambanda.jpg|thumb|Cardinal Antoine Kambanda ]] '''Antoine Kambanda''' (wavutse ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1958) ni Umunyarwanda akaba n'Umuyobozi ukomeye muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] wabaye Arikiyepiskopi wa [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali]] ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2018. Mbere yaho, guhera mu 2013 yari Umushumba wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Diyosezi ya Kibungo]]. Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Fransisko yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari. Nuko mu ihuriro ryo ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020 iki gikorwa kiza kubera i Roma, aba [[:en:Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)|Karidinari]] wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/afrique/news/2020-12/kambanda-cardinal-le-pape-est-dans-les-peripheries.html Cardinal Kambanda : par mon cardinalat, « le Pape est dans les périphéries »] Vatican News (Mu Gifaransa) Ku wa 02 Ukuboza 2020. Byarebweho ku wa 09 Gashyantare 2021</ref> [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda (cardinal).svg|200px|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda.svg|200px|thumb]] == Ubuto bwe == Antoine Kambanda yavutse ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1958 mu Rwanda. Kubera Ivangura rishingiye ku moko, umuryango we wimukiye mu gihugu cy'Uburundi baza kwerekeza no muri Uganda, aho yize amashuri abanza, hanyuma yimukira muri Kenya, ari na ho yize amashuri yisumbuye. Nyuma yaje gusubira mu gihugu cye, aho yagiye mu Iseminari i Rutongo, [[Kigali]], (1983–1984) na Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karori Borromeo ya Nyakibanda i [[Butare]] (1984–1990). Ku wa 8 Nzeri 1990, yahawe ubupadiri i Kabgayi na Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II. Kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1993 yabaye Uyobozi ushinzwe amasomo mu Iseminari nto ya Mutagatifu Visenti i Ndera, Kigali. Nyuma yerekeje mu ishuri rya Alphonsian Academy i Roma kuva mu 1993 kugeza 1999, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri tewolojiya. Ababyeyi be na batanu muri barumuna be batandatu, hamwe n’abandi bavandimwe n’inshuti benshi, bishwe mu 1994 muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Padiri == Kambanda yagizwe Umuyobozi wa Karitasi ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali mu 1999. Yaje kuba umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe amajyambere ya Diyosezi ya Kigali, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya "Ubutabera n’amahoro" ya diyosezi, akaba umwarimu wa tewolojiya y’imyitwarire muri Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda. Avuga mu 2004 Kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, Kambanda yemeye ko mu gihe bamwe mu bayobozi b'amadini gatolika bagerageje kurinda abaturage, abandi bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. Kambanda yavuze ko ari ngombwa ko Kiliziya Gatolika ubwayo igomba kwiyubaka kugira ngo ihoshe ingaruka za Jenoside. Yavuze ati: "gukoresha isakramentu rya penetensiya mu kwiyunga no gukiza inzangano zishingiye ku moko no kwiyunga nawe ubwawe, hamwe n'Imana ndetse n'abandi, byagira akamaro mu guteza imbere kwizera kurangwa no kwizerana gutsinda ubwoba bw'undi." Muri Nzeri 2005, Karidinali Crescenzio Sepe yamugize umuyobozi wa seminari nkuru ya filozofiya iherereye muri Diyosezi Kabgayi. Ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2006, Kambanda yagizwe umuyobozi wa Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Borromeo ya Nyakibanda. Yasimbuye Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege, wari wagizwe umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kabgayi. Muri Kamena 2011, yayoboye abanyarwanda benshi bagiye mu rugendo nyobokamana i Namugongo, muri Uganda, kugira ngo bifanyanye n'abandi bakirisitu mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’abamaritiri b'abakirisitu 45 bahindutse bishwe mu 1884 n'Umwami Mwanga wa II wa Buganda . Mu nyigisho ye, yavuze ko igitambo abahowe Imana batanze cyafashije cyane gukwirakwiza Ubukirisitu muri Afurika bereka abamisiyoneri ko abizera bazemera gupfa bazira ukwemera kwabo. == Musenyeri == Ku wa 7 Gicurasi 2013, Papa Fransisiko yagize Kambanda Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kibungo. Yasimbuye Kizito Bahujimihigo, weguye muri Mutarama 2010 kubera "ibibazo bikomeye by’amafaranga" muri diyosezi ndetse n’ubwoba bw'uko amabanki yari agiye gufatira imwe mu mitungo ya Diyosezi kubera kutishyura imyenda. Inama y'Abepiskopi Gatolika bo mu Rwanda yamuhisemo ngo yitabire Sinodi y'Abepiskopi mu 2015. Ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2018, Papa Francis yamugize Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali. Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Francis yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari mu ihuriro riteganijwe ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020. Ku cyumweru cyo ku wa 01 Ugushyingo 2020, Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame yoherereje Antoine Kambanda ubutumwa bw'ishimwe ku bw'uwo mwanya yari atorewe aho yamugaragarije ibyishimo atewe n'urwego agezeho ndetse n'uruhare Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda ifite mu kuzamura imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abanyarwanda.<ref>President Kagame congratulates Cardinal - Elect Antoine Kambanda https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-congratulates-cardinal-elect-antoine-kambanda</ref> ==Karidinali== I Roma ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020, ni bwo Papa Francis yagize Antoine Kambanda Umukaridinali. Ku Cyumweru tariki ya 06 Ukuboza 2020, mu Rwanda muri Kigali Arena habaye igitambo cya Misa cyo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali wa mbere mu mateka, ari we Karidinali Antoine Kambanda cyanitabiriwe na Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame.<ref>Perezida Kagame yitabiriye misa yo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Perezida-Kagame-yitabiriye-misa-yo-gushimira-Imana-yahaye-u-Rwanda-Karidinali</ref> Ku wa 16 Ukuboza 2020 yaje gutorerwa kuba umwe mu bagize [[:en:Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples|ibiro bya Papa bishinzwe iyogezabutumwa bw'abantu ku isi.]] == Reba kandi == * Abakaridinali bashyizweho na Papa Fransisko == Reba == {{Reflist}} ==Inkomoko y'inyongera== * McElwee, Joshua J. (22 October 2015). "Rwandan bishop carries special concerns to synod in Rome". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2018. [[Category:Rwanda]] 0dl1ukcgwjnj75kxtnxiwkbmfqz4rii 14 8563 73802 2020-10-31T03:37:26Z Mrbobax 8233 Added a category description. wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro kijyamo ikintu cyose kijyanye numuco nyarwanda. jc6x0bxl8taq2x9f5aufssc8ptjfmx9 0 8564 83268 83267 2022-05-10T13:32:39Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Nyampinga w'urwanda ni irushanwa ryashyizweho hagamijwe gutora umukobwa uhiga abandi mu bwiza, ubwenge n'umuco. Iri rushanwa ritegurwa na Rwanda Inspiration backup<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Rwanda-Inspiration-Backup-yatsindiye-kujya-ikurikirana-management-ba-Nyampinga</ref>, rikaba ryaratangiye mu 1910 ritangizwa n'abakoloni b'abadage. == Amateka == Nyampinga w'u Rwanda watowe bwa mbere ni Nubuhoro Jeanne atorerwa muri hoteri meridien ubu yahindutse Marasa Umubano mu 1991 akaba yarishwe muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Yaje gusimburwa na Uwera Dalila watowe mu kuboza mu 1993 agomba kuba Nyampinga w'u Rwanda mu 1994 akaba ari nawe wamenyekanye cyane akaba kuri ubu aba mu gihugu cy'ububiligi.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere</ref> == Uko bagiye bakurikirana == 1.Nubuhoro Jeanne 1991 2.Uwera Dalila 1994<ref>https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1773622566290374&id=1550044408648192</ref> 3.Bahati Grace 2009 4.Kayibanda Aurore 2012<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Miss-Rwanda-2012-ni-Kayibanda-Mutesi-Aurore-inkuru-mu-mafoto</ref> 5.Akiwacu Colombe 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://missrwanda.rw/news/article/akiwacu-colombe-niwe-nyampinga-w-u |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-04 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 6.Kundwa Doriane 2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.igihe.tv/ibiganiro/kundwa-doriane-ni-we-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2015.html |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-11-05 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 7.Mutesi Jolly 2016<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amafoto-y-indobanure-ya-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2017-n-ibisonga-bye</ref> 8. Iradukunda Elsa 2017<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amafoto-y-indobanure-ya-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2017-n-ibisonga-bye</ref> 9.Iradukunda Liliane 2018<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://igihe.tv/ibiganiro/iradukunda-liliane-yabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2018.html |accessdate=2020-10-31 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 10.Nimwiza Meghan 2019<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amafoto-ya-nimwiza-watorewe-kuba-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2019</ref> 11.Nishimwe Naomie 2020<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/Nishimwe-Naomie-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-Nyampinga-w-u-Rwanda-2020-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> 12.Inabire Grace 2021 <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/grace-ingabire-puerto-rico-miss-world-2021</ref> 13.Muheto Divine <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-2022-ni-muheto-divine</ref> === referances === # https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-avuguruzanya-ni-nde-wabaye-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-bwa-mbere # https://web.archive.org/web/20200222045251/http://missrwanda.rw/news/latest-news/article/urutonde-rw-abakobwa-20-bazavamo-nyampinga-w-u-rwanda-rwamenyekanye # https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ba-nyampinga-b-u-rwanda-mu-bihe [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Ubudage]] [[Category:Rwanda]] mcstrausu6ijiiam14ugnh1rtwefacp 0 8565 73805 2020-10-31T15:55:51Z 93.73.116.143 Created page with "[[File:Tayanna 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|Tayanna]] '''Tayanna''' ([[29 Nzeri]], [[1984]], Chernivtsi, USSR) [[Category:Abaririmbyi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tayanna 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|Tayanna]] '''Tayanna''' ([[29 Nzeri]], [[1984]], Chernivtsi, USSR) [[Category:Abaririmbyi]] 4ssfnbjodm169faw5zxzjkgykg7ikru 0 8566 79134 78995 2021-08-31T08:37:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dublin02LB.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Dublin]] [[Dosiye:Newman_University_Church_Interior,_Dublin,_Ireland_-_Diliff.jpg|thumb|Itorero rya Newman University Imbere, Dublin, Irilande - Diliff]] '''Dublin''' (izina mu [[kinyirilande]]: ''Baile Áthe Cliath'') ni [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Irilande]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Ireland]] [[Dosiye:Map of Ireland in Europe.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Ireland mu burayi]] rrm1jbhndfh81f8m6e4354in9pps9fi 0 8567 81374 78682 2022-01-21T19:43:49Z НСНУ 10569 Ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki [[Umujyi]] wa '''Andorra la Vella''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w’[[Andora]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Andorra (civil).svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Andora]] [[Dosiye:Andorra_la_vella_felul.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Andorra la vella 2006]] [[Ikiciro:Andora]] [[Ikiciro:Imirwa]] frs1c01y8mjeaf17ojlqeqnaae7q8jr 0 8568 77203 73843 2021-08-09T06:00:15Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Minsk2019-veloparad.jpg|thumb|Urujyanuruza rw'abaturage mu mujyi wa Minsk]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Minsk''' (izina mu [[kibelarusiya]]: ''Мінск'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Belarusi]]. n1c4ubdhbqo07vo3alsn95jkym6w8jq 0 8569 77649 73844 2021-08-14T17:45:08Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sarajevo_City_Panorama.JPG|thumb|Umujyi wa Sarajevo muri Bosinia]] [[Dosiye:Sarajevo_centar.gif|thumb|Ikarita yerekana uduce tugize umujyi wa Sarajevo ]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Sarajevo''' (izina mu [[kinyaseribiya]]: ''Сарајево'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina]]. hu2y53rnjak1wxwhiql7g7s0aq13crh 0 8570 77041 73845 2021-08-05T08:19:57Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vltava river in Prague.jpg|thumb|'''Praha''']] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Praha''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Cekiya]]. mruna06jgvauz8yn6imiairjj163joq 0 8571 77989 75041 2021-08-20T01:08:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Old town of Tallinn 06-03-2012.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa kera wa Tallinn.]] [[Dosiye:Töölönlahti1.jpg|thumb|In finland]] Tallinn ni umurwa mukuru, n'umujyi munini wa [[Esitoniya]]. Ni n'umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Harju, intara ituwe cyane na Esitoniya. Iherereye ku nyanja ya Baltique, mu kigobe cya [[Finilande|Finlande]], ituwe n'abaturage bagera ku 450.000<ref>https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat</ref> mu 2020, ikaba imwe mu murwa mukuru muto w'Uburayi. Tallinn ifite umubare munini wabatangirira kumuntu mubihugu byu Burayi kandi niho havuka amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ikoranabuhanga mpuzamahanga, harimo Skype na Transferwise<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303734204577464343888754210</ref>. Uyu mujyi wari Umurwa mukuru w’umuco w’iburayi mu 2011, hamwe na Turku muri Finlande. 4942foxgm0na7b6q7q4rk9eth1bpajx 0 8572 79300 77145 2021-08-31T21:27:43Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Helsinki July 2013-15.jpg|thumb|Helsinki July 2013-15]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Helsinki''' (izina mu [[kinyasuwede]]: ''Helsingfors'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Finilande]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Finland.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|finland]] t2e1yvq8x47qk890ddqi580a4ivjf2q 0 8573 77035 73848 2021-08-05T08:07:35Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2014 Tbilisi, Widoki z Twierdzy Narikala (23).jpg|thumb|''თბილისი'')]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Tbilisi''' (izina mu [[kinyageworigiya]]: ''თბილისი'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Geworigiya]]. hlw8usnwke4e6c1afhwvmzl7bt86s3y 0 8574 78949 76774 2021-08-30T05:46:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest at night.jpg|thumb|482x482px|ikiraro kiri mu mujyi wa Budapest]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Budapest''' n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Hongiriya]]. [[Dosiye:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Hungary]] ry9rtjklv9zcrh8r8epk7xdivm56ayj 0 8575 77387 73851 2021-08-10T01:42:08Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2017 - banner - Київ - Поштова площа та Поділ.jpg|center|thumb|700x700px|KIEV]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Kyiv''' cyangwa '''Kiev''' (izina mu [[kinya-ikerene]]: ''Київ''; izina mu [[kirusiya]]: ''Киев'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru w'[[Ikerene]]. jwjty7hkot8qxvydaypd0ja0818k5p7 0 8576 73881 2020-11-06T11:41:33Z F1fans 1176 Created page with "[[File:Jimmie Johnson Dover 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jimmie Johnson]] '''Jimmie Kenneth Johnson''' (wavukiye [[El Cajon, muri Californiya]], ku ya 17 Nzeri 1975) ni umunyameri..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jimmie Johnson Dover 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jimmie Johnson]] '''Jimmie Kenneth Johnson''' (wavukiye [[El Cajon, muri Californiya]], ku ya 17 Nzeri 1975) ni umunyamerika wabigize umwuga. Johnson yakinnye mu gikombe cya NASCAR kuva muri 2002 kugeza 2020 hamwe n'ikipe ya [[Hendrick Motorsports]]. Muri uru ruhererekane yatsindiye ibikombe birindwi: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 na 2016 kandi angana na [[Richard Petty]] na [[Dale Earnhardt]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fryer|first=Jenna|title=Jimmie Johnson seizes record-tying 7th NASCAR championship|url=http://racing.ap.org/article/jimmie-johnson-seizes-record-tying-7th-nascar-championship|accessdate=November 20, 2016|work=Associated Press|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=AP Sports|date=November 20, 2016|location=[[Homestead, Florida]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124091427/http://racing.ap.org/article/jimmie-johnson-seizes-record-tying-7th-nascar-championship|archive-date=November 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuva mu 2021 Johnson yimukiye muri IndyCar kugirango yinjire mu ikipe ya [[Chip Ganassi Racing]].<ref>[https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/jimmie-johnson-will-race-in-indy-car-in-2021-and-2022-152843041.html Seven-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson will race in IndyCar in 2021 and 2022]. Yahoo Sports.</ref> ==Reba== <references /> ==Ihuza ryo hanze== {{commons}} *[http://www.jimmiejohnson.com Urubuga rwemewe] {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Jimmie}} c0hqosi36vbnqvj59ri9edguirf309s 0 8577 77841 73882 2021-08-18T01:08:35Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:View of Manhattan from Long Island.jpg|thumb|Umurwa mukuru]] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Reykjavík''' n’umurwa mukuru w'[[Isilande]]. 5kncesqi4f16ja5vdkeeab7dgzjeini 0 8578 77738 73883 2021-08-15T16:44:34Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zagreb_005.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa '''Zagreb''']] [[Umujyi]] wa '''Zagreb''' n’umurwa mukuru wa [[Korowatiya]]. eeizmeqoko2fiydikm1cfz1ub1vuce3 0 8579 77843 73884 2021-08-18T01:14:41Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Umujyi]] wa '''Riga''' (izina mu [[kilativiya]]: ''Rīga'') n’[[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Lativiya]]. [[Dosiye:Vistas desde la iglesia de San Pedro, Riga, Letonia, 2012-08-07, DD 12.JPG|center|thumb|320x320px|Riga]] c6ur7lu9d6qkwq4efh3j9yymlxahivk 0 8580 73888 2020-11-07T19:19:40Z LametinoWiki 8088 Redirected page to [[Donald Trump]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Donald Trump]] lnf5ebxedobir1tst865vmfai1tnxod 0 8581 82064 81364 2022-02-17T22:49:25Z Siro bileveli Boris 10659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg|thumb|Donald Trump (2017)]] '''Donald Trump''' cyangwa '''Donald John Trump''' ([[14 Kamena]] [[1946]] – ), [[Perezida]] wa [[Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|45]] wa [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] [[Ikiciro:Abaperezida ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] 2rm10u48hvdml50g4xyymyj5adw7szg 0 8587 78919 77074 2021-08-29T12:16:43Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Science, Technology and Engineering.jpg|thumb|technology]] [[Dosiye:Windows 10 Logo.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|window 10]] Ikoranabuhanga ("siyanse yubukorikori" mu ndimi za mahanga zikoreshwa cyane n'abenshi mu isi arizo [[Icyongereza]] ndetse n'igifaransa (French) Ikoranabuhanga muri izondimi uko ari ebyeri risobanura Technology bikaba ryarakomotse mu kigereki τέχνη, techne, risobanura"ubuhanzi, ubuhanga, amayeri y'intoki"; na -λογία, -logiya [2]) ni igiteranyo cya tekinike, ubuhanga, uburyo, n'inzira zikoreshwa mu musaruro y'ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi cyangwa mu kugera ku ntego, nk'iperereza ry'ubumenyi. Ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuba ubumenyi bwubuhanga, inzira, nibindi bisa, cyangwa bishobora gushyirwa mumashini kugirango yemere gukora nta bumenyi burambuye kubikorwa byabo. Sisitemu (urugero: imashini) ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ifata iyinjiza, ikayihindura ukurikije imikoreshereze ya sisitemu, hanyuma igatanga ibisubizo byitwa sisitemu yikoranabuhanga. Uburyo bworoshye bwikoranabuhanga niterambere no gukoresha ibikoresho byibanze. Ubuvumbuzi bwa kera bwuburyo bwo kugenzura umuriro na Revolution ya Neolithic nyuma byongereye isoko ibiryo, kandi kuvumbura uruziga byafashaga abantu gutembera no kugenzura ibidukikije. Iterambere mu bihe byamateka, harimo imashini icapa, terefone, na interineti, byagabanije inzitizi z’umubiri ku itumanaho kandi bituma abantu basabana mu bwisanzure ku isi yose. [[Dosiye:Computer_Fosdic_1960_Census.jpg|thumb|Inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga]] [[Dosiye:Social_Distancing_in_a_Computer_Lab.jpg|thumb|Mudasobwa,Telefoni n'ibikoresho byifashishwa n'abenshi ku isi kugirango bakoreshe ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu manama]] Ikoranabuhanga rifite ingaruka nziza ndetse nimbi kubizima bwa bantu, Ku bukungu bwisi ndetse no muri politike. Impaka za filozofiya zavutse ku ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga, hamwe no kutumvikana niba ikoranabuhanga ryongera imibereho y'umuntu cyangwa rikarushaho kuba bibi. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, hamwe n’ibikorwa bisa n’ibitekerezo byerekana kunenga ikwirakwizwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, bavuga ko byangiza ibidukikije kandi bitandukanya abantu; abashyigikiye ingengabitekerezo nka transhumanism na techno-progressivism babona ko iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rikomeje kugirira akamaro sosiyete n'imibereho ya muntu. p8vfo1rh4eryk84b4g5be3eg64y0lq0 0 8588 76500 73914 2021-07-27T07:06:29Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubuzima bwa Richard Wrangham''' [[Dosiye:Richard Wrangham 01.jpg|thumb|314x314px|Richard Wrangham]] Richard yavukiye i Leeds, muri Yorkshire. Amaze imyaka myinshi mu ishami rya kaminuza ya Michigan, yabaye Umwarimu wa [[Biological Anthropology]] muri kaminuza ya Harvard kandi itsinda rye ry’ubushakashatsi ubu riri mu ishami rishya ryashinzwe ry’ibinyabuzima by’ubwihindurize. Ni mugenzi wa MacArthur. Afatanya n’umushinga wa [[Kibale Chimpanzee National Park]] muri Uganda, yakoze ubushakashatsi bw'igihe kinini muri iyi parike. Ubushakashatsi bwe busozwa no kwiga ku bwihindurize bw’abantu aho akuramo imyanzuro ishingiye ku bidukikije by’imyitwarire y’inguge. Nkumunyeshuri urangije, Wrangham yize munsi ya Robert Hinde na Jane Goodall. Wrangham azwi cyane cyane ku bikorwa bye muri ecologiya ya sisitemu mbonezamubano (Ecology of apes), amateka y'ubwihindurize yo kwibasira abantu (bikarangira mu gitabo cye na Dale Peterson, Abadayimoni b'Abadayimoni: Inguge n'inkomoko y'ihohoterwa rya muntu), ndetse n'ubushakashatsi yakoze mu guteka ( incamake mu gitabo cye, Gufata umuriro: Uburyo Guteka Byatugize Umuntu) no kwigira wenyine. Ni ibikomoka ku bimera. Wrangham yagize uruhare runini mu kumenya imyitwarire ifatwa nk "umuntu wihariye" muri chimpanzees, harimo n'umuco [6] hamwe na Eloy Rodriguez, chimpanzee yivura wenyine. Mu masomo aherutse kwigisha muri Human Evolutionary Biology (HEB) yibanze muri Harvard harimo HEB 1330 Imyitwarire mbonezamubano na HEB 1565 Inyigisho z’agahato ku gitsina (afatanije na Porofeseri Diane Rosenfeld wo mu ishuri ry’amategeko rya Harvard). Muri Werurwe 2008, yagizwe Umuyobozi w'inzu ya Currier House muri kaminuza ya Harvard. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro muri Dogiteri wa siyansi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Oglethorpe mu 2011. [9] lamtb48su5jg2hjiborphmqa0mh0egm 0 8591 77322 76310 2021-08-09T20:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki == ISLAMU MU RWANDA == Islamu ni ryo dini rigizwe n'abayoboke bakeya cyane mu Rwanda ugereranije n'andi madini, rifite abayoboke bagejeje ki kigero kingana na 4,6% by'abaturage bose ukurikije ibarura rya 2006. Mubyukuri Abayisilamu bose mu Rwanda ni Abasuni. Islamu yaje bwa mbere mu Rwanda izanywe n'abacuruzi b'Abayisilamu baturutse ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika mu kinyejana cya 18. Kuva ryatangizwa, Abayisilamu babaye bake muri kariya gace, mu gihe Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma, yinjije Abanyarwanda mu gihe cy'ubukoloni mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ni ryo dini rinini muri iki gihugu. [[Dosiye:Darul_Huda_Islamic_University_Chemmad.jpg|thumb|Idini rya Islamu mu Rwanda]] Bwa mbere mu mateka yarwo mu Rwanda, Islamu ihabwa uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure nk'ubukristo. Ikigereranyo cyerekana ko mu bahutu hari umubare w’abayisilamu bangana kimwe n’abatutsi. Ikigereranyo ntigishobora kugenzurwa nyuma ya jenoside, kubera ko guverinoma imaze guhagarika ibiganiro byose by’amoko mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo kurinda abanyarwanda icyabateza ivangura rishingiye ku moko ndetse n'amacakubiri. == Amateka == === Amateka ya gikoloni === Ugereranije n'ibihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Tanzaniya, Kenya, na Uganda, amateka y'Ubuyisilamu mu Rwanda ni amateka mashya. Mu gihe hari inyandiko nke zanditse zerekeye inkomoko yabyo, bivugwa ko Islamu yazanywe n'abacuruzi b'Abarabu baturutse muri Zanzibar binjiye bwa mbere muri iki gihugu mu 1901. Ubundi, byavuzwe ko Islamu yahageze mu gihe cy'ubukoloni igihe abanditsi b'abayisilamu, abafasha mu buyobozi, n'abacuruzi baturutse ku nkombe zivuga Igiswahiri cya Tanganyika bazanywe mu gihugu. Islamu kandi yashimangiwe n’abacuruzi b’abayisilamu bo ku mugabane w’Ubuhinde, washakanye n’Abanyarwanda. Abanyarwanda bubatse umusigiti wabo wa mbere mu 1913. Uyu musigiti uzwi ku izina ry'umusigiti wa Al-Fatah. Mu mateka yarwo, hashyizweho ingufu nyinshi mu kubuza ikwirakwizwa rya Islamu mu Rwanda. Izi mbaraga muri rusange zakoresheje imyumvire yo kurwanya abarabu, kandi zerekana abayisilamu nkabanyamahanga. Abamisiyonari gatolika bakunze gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo barwanye icyo babonaga ko ari amadini ahanganye, nk'ubuyisilamu n'Abaporotesitanti. Abayisilamu bakomeje guhezwa kubera ko Abayisilamu benshi batuye mu mijyi, mu gihe 90% by’abaturage bari icyaro. Nkuko abacuruzi b'Abarabu cyangwa Abahinde batigeze bagerageza gukomeza kwizera kwabo, nta mwuka muto wo kubwiriza mu Bayisilamu. Gusa habaye impinduka nke, cyane cyane mubatuye mu mijyi itandukanijwe: abagore bashakanye nabanyamahanga, abana batemewe nimpfubyi. Ndetse no guhinduka rimwe na rimwe wasangaga bitagaragara, biterwa no kwifuza umutekano w’ubukungu n’ubukungu Abayisilamu batangaga, kuruta kwizera idini mu myizerere ya kisilamu. [[Dosiye:Islamic_campaign_in_support_of_Syria.jpg|thumb|Abayoboke b' idini ya Islam mu Rwanda (Abayisiramu) ]] Ku butegetsi bw'Ababiligi, Abayisilamu mu Rwanda bari barahawe akato. Kubera ko Abayisilamu nta mwanya bari bafite muri Kiliziya Gatolika, yakomezaga kugira uruhare runini kuri leta, Abayisilamu bakunze guhezwa mu burezi n'imirimo ikomeye muri guverinoma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, akazi k'abayisilamu ahanini kagarukiraga mu bucuruzi buciriritse, no gufata akazi nk'abashoferi. === Nyuma y'ubwigenge === Mu 1960, uwahoze ari minisitiri w’ubutegetsi, Isidore Sebazungu, yategetse gutwika icya kane cy’abayisilamu n’umusigiti i Rwamagana. Nyuma yibi birori, Abayisilamu bagize ubwoba maze benshi muri bo bahungira mu bihugu duturanye. Bavuga ko Kiliziya Gatolika yagize uruhare muri ibyo birori, byakajije umurego hagati y’abayisilamu n’abakristu. Mbere ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994, Abayisilamu bafatwaga nabi, kubera ko babonaga ko ari abacuruzi, mu gihugu abahinzi bubahwa cyane. Abaturage b’abayisilamu mbere ya jenoside bari 4% byari bike cyane ugereranije n’ibihugu bituranye. Abayisilamu nabo bagize ingaruka kuri jenoside. Ni gake gashoboka aho abatutsi bari barahungiye mumisigiti bagabweho ibitero. Urugero ruzwi cyane rwabereye ku musigiti mukuru wa Nyamirambo, aho abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bateraniye guhungira. Impunzi ziri mu musigiti zarwanije imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ikoresheje amabuye, umuheto n'imyambi, bituma barwanya bikomeye abasirikari n'interahamwe. Gusa abasirikare bamaze gutera imbunda ya mashini ni Interahamwe zashoboye kwinjira mu musigiti no kwica impunzi. == Uyu munsi == [[File:Mosque_Minaret_with_Catholic_Cathedral_at_Rear_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Umunara wa Al-Masidjid Q'ubah umusigiti i [[Butare]], Rwanda]] Umubare w’abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda wiyongereye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yo mu 1994 kubera umubare munini w’abantu bahindutse. Abayisilamu benshi bari bahungiye mu mpunzi, Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Bamwe mu bahindutse bavuga ko bahindukiriye idini ya Islamu kubera uruhare abayobozi bamwe b'Abagatolika n'Abaporotesitanti bagize muri jenoside. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yanditse ibyabaye byombi aho abanyamadini b'Abakristo bemeraga Abatutsi guhungira mu nsengero, hanyuma bakabashyikiriza itsinda ry’urupfu rw’Abahutu, ndetse n’aho abapadiri n’abakozi b’Abahutu bashishikarizaga amatorero yabo kwica abatutsi Ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu bantu ku giti cyabo bwerekana uburyo abatutsi bamwe bahinduye imyemerere yabo kubw'umutekano wabo, kubera ko batinyaga gukomeza kwicwa n'abahezanguni b'Abahutu, kandi bari bazi ko Abayisilamu bazabarinda ibikorwa nk'ibi. Abahutu benshi bahinduye imyemerere yabo nabo, bashaka "kwezwa". Abahutu benshi bifuza gusiga amateka yabo yubugizi bwa nabi no kutagira "amaraso mu biganza". Hariho kandi uduce tumwe na tumwe twitaruye aho Abahutu bahindutse bizeye ko bashobora kwihisha mu muryango w’abayisilamu bityo bagahunga gutabwa muri yombi. Igipimo cyo guhinduka cyatinze mu 1997. Nk’uko mufti w’u Rwanda abitangaza ngo umuryango wa kisilamu ntiwigeze wiyongera mu guhinduka mu 2002/2003. Ubukristo bukomeje kuba idini rikomeye mu gihugu. Gatolika (yageze mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 hamwe na ba papa bera ba kiliziya gatolika ya Roma) ikomeje kwinjizwa mu muco. == Ibikorwa == Abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda nabo bagira uruhare rugaragara mubikorwa byimibereho, nka umurava n'umuhate wabo mu bijyanye no "kubahana no gukundana" hagati yabo ubwabo. Abayisilamu benshi bo mu Rwanda bagira uruhare mu gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko nyuma ya jenoside n'imitwe ya kisilamu imaze kugera ku batishoboye, urugero nko gushinga amatsinda y'abagore atanga inyigisho ku kwita ku bana. Guverinoma z’iburengerazuba zahangayikishijwe n’uko Islamu igenda yiyongera, kandi bamwe mu bayobozi ba guverinoma bagaragaje impungenge z’uko imisigiti imwe n'imwe ihabwa inkunga na Arabiya Sawudite. Icyakora, hari ibimenyetso bike byerekana ko bitwara gisirikare. <ref name="Tiemessen">Tiemessen, Alana (2005) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080910032044/http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2005/tiemessen.pdf From Genocide to Jihad: Islam and Ethnicity in Post-Genocide Rwanda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910032044/http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2005/tiemessen.pdf|date=2008-09-10}}.'' Paper presented at the Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, London, Ontario.</ref> Umunsi mukuru w’idini ry’abayisilamu Eid al-Fitr ndetse na Eid al Adhuhha wizihizwa na guverinoma nkimwe mu minsi mikuru ine y’amadini (hamwe na Noheri, Umunsi w’abatagatifu bose, hamwe n’ibitekerezo). Abayisilamu kandi bagira amashuri yigenga ya kisilamu. Mu 2003, Ambasade y’Amerika yagenzuye ivugurura ry’ishuri ryisumbuye rya kisilamu i Kigali. Abayobozi ba Ambasade kandi bahuye n’abayobozi b’abayisilamu, hamwe n’abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika n’Abangilikani, Abadiventisti bo ku munsi wa karindwi, n’Abahamya ba Yehova, kugira ngo bagirane ibiganiro by’amadini. <ref name="Religious Freedom">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/23746.htm Rwanda - International Religious Freedom Report 2003], ''2003 Report on International Religious Freedom''. </ref> U Rwanda rwahoze rufite ishyaka rya politiki ry’idini, ishyaka rya kisilamu riharanira demokarasi (PDI), hamwe n’abayoboke b’abatari abayisilamu. Icyakora, ryahinduye izina ryitwa Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije, nyuma yuko itegeko nshinga ritegeka ko nta shyaka rishobora gushingwa hashingiwe ku idini. <ref name="Religious Freedom">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/23746.htm Rwanda - International Religious Freedom Report 2003], ''2003 Report on International Religious Freedom''. </ref> == Abaturage == Hariho intera nini mubigereranyo byabaturage b’abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda. Nta barura nyaryo ry’abaturage b’abayisilamu ryakozwe. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Inkomoko ! Abaturage (000s) ! Abaturage (%) ! Umwaka ! Réf |- | ''Ikinyamakuru Washington'' | 1,148 | 14 | 2002 | |- | ''Ikinyamakuru Washington'' | | 7 | 1993 "mbere yuko ubwicanyi butangira" | |- | CIA Igitabo cyisi | 456 | 4.6 | 2001 | |- | ''Ikinyamakuru New York Times'' | | 15 | 2004 | |- | Worldmark Encyclopedia yumuco & Ubuzima bwa buri munsi | 350 | 5 | 1998 | <ref>Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 360-361.</ref> |- | Ubuyobozi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ( Ubushakashatsi bw’ikigega cy’abaturage gishinzwe umutekano ) | | 1.1 | 1996 | |- | Ubuyobozi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (kwiga kaminuza) | | 4.6 | 2001 | |} Raporo ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda yatangajwe ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2006, ivuga ko 56.5% by'abatuye u Rwanda ari Abagatolika b'imyemerere y'Abanyeroma, 26% ni Abaporotesitanti, 11.1% ni Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi, 4,6% ni Abayisilamu, 1.7% bavuga ko badafite idini, kandi 0.1% bakora imyizerere gakondo. <ref name="report">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90115.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Rwanda]. United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] (September 14, 2007). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> == Reba kandi == * Iyobokamana mu Rwanda ** [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Gatolika y'Abaroma mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}}<ref name="Kubai">{{Cite journal}}</ref> [[Category:Islamu mu Rwanda]] aylmq0egtcs9jddcti91itkj9b2s1o4 0 8592 78447 73947 2021-08-24T23:24:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MscBibl22 31v.jpg|thumb|imana ije kubahana]] Adamu na Eva, dukurikije imigani y'irema y'amadini ya Aburahamu (Abrahamic religions), Adamu niwe mugabo wa mbere wabayeho nyuma yaho isi yarimaze kuremwe Eva nawe akaba umugore wa mbere wabayeho nyuma yaho isi yarimaze kuremwe. Aba nibo shingiro ry’imyizerere rivuga ko ikiremwamuntu ari umuryango umwe, kandi ko abantu bose bakomoka ku basekuruza ba mbere. Uyu mugani kandi n'urufatiro rw'inyigisho zo kugwa k'umuntu n'[[icyaha cy'umwimerere]] kiri mu myizerere y'ingenzi mu bukristu, nubwo idakorerwa mu idini rya [[Kiyahudi (Judaism)]] cyangwa [[Islamu (Islam).]] Mu [[gitabo cy'[[Itangiriro]] cya [[Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo]], igice cya mbere kugeza ku cya gatanu, hariho inkuru ebyiri zaremwe zifite ibitekerezo bibiri bitandukanye. Mubwa mbere, Adamu na Eva ntamazina bigeze bahabwa. Ahubwo, Imana yaremye abantu mwishusho yImana kandi ibategeka kugwira no kuba ibisonga mubindi byose Imana yaremye. Mu nkuru ya kabiri, Imana yaremye Adamu m'umukungugu imushyira mu busitani bwa Edeni. Adamu abwirwa ko ashobora kurya ku buntu ibiti byose byo mu busitani, usibye igiti cyo kumenya icyiza n'ikibi. Nyuma, Eva yaremewe kuva mu rubavu rwa Adamu kugirango amubere inshuti. Bari abera kandi ntibaterwaga isoni no kwambara ubusa kwabo. Ariko, inzoka iyobya Eva kurya imbuto ziva ku giti cyabujijwe, maze aha Adamu imbuto zimwe. Ibi bikorwa bibaha ubumenyi bwinyongera, ariko bibaha ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibitekerezo bibi kandi byangiza nk'isoni n'ibibi. Nyuma Imana yavumye inzoka n'ubutaka. Imana ihanura ibwira umugore n'umugabo ingaruka zizaba z'icyaha cyo kutumvira Imana. Hanyuma abirukana mu busitani bwa Edeni. Umugani wakozweho ibisobanuro byinshi mu migenzo ya Aburahamu nyuma, kandi wasesenguwe cyane n'intiti za Bibiliya zigezweho. Ibisobanuro n'imyizerere yerekeye Adamu na Eva n'inkuru ibazengurutse biratandukanye mu madini n'amatsinda; nk'urugero, inyandiko ya kisilamu y'inkuru ivuga ko Adamu na Eva bari bafite uruhare runini kubwibyaha byabo bya [[hubris]], aho Eva ariwe wambere wabaye umuhemu. Inkuru ya Adamu na Eva ikunze kugaragazwa mubuhanzi, kandi yagize uruhare runini mubuvanganzo no mubisigo. [[Dosiye:Open bible isaiah.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|bibiliya]] Inkuru yo kugwa kwa Adamu ikunze gufatwa nkikigereranyo. Ibyavuye mu miterere y’abaturage, cyane cyane ibyerekeye [[Y-chromosomal Adam]] na [[Eva Mitochondrial]], byerekana ko abantu ba mbere "Adamu na Eva" babantu batigeze babaho. =Indanganturo (Reference)= Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_and_Eve ca1n769pvexo2kgc3o6mcgaz2jy0n5p 0 8593 76935 73937 2021-08-04T01:50:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Heiligengrabe, Kloster Stift zum Heiligengrabe, Stiftskirche -- 2017 -- 9969.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|yesu]] Icyaha cy'inkomoko ni inyigisho ya gikristo ivuga ko abantu baragwa na kamere yanduye kandi ko bashobora gukora icyaha binyuze mu kuvuka. Abahanga mu bya tewolojiya baranze iyi miterere mu buryo bwinshi, babona ko itangirira ku kintu kidafite akamaro nko kubura gake, cyangwa kugendera ku cyaha nyamara nta cyaha rusange, cyitwa "kamere y'icyaha", ku busambanyi cyangwa icyaha cyikora ku bantu bose; binyuze mu cyaha rusange. [[Agusitini]] (354–430) yabanje gushiraho inyigisho y'icyaha cy'umwimerere. [[Tertullien]] (nko mu 155 - nko mu 240), [[Sipiriyani]], [[Ambrose]] na [[Ambrosiaster]] batekerezaga ko ikiremwamuntu kigira uruhare mu byaha bya Adamu, cyandujwe n'abantu. Augustin yavuze ko umudendezo wacogoye ariko ntusenywe nicyaha cyambere. Kuba Augustin yarakoze icyaha cy'umwimerere byari bizwi cyane mu bavugurura abaporotesitanti, nka [[Martin Luther]] na [[John Calvin]], bagereranyaga icyaha cy'umwimerere no guhuzagurika (cyangwa "icyifuzo kibabaza"), bakemeza ko byakomeje na nyuma yo kubatizwa kandi bisenya burundu umudendezo wo gukora ibyiza maze basaba ko icyaha cy'umwimerere cyarimo gutakaza umudendezo uretse icyaha. Calvinism ya none ya Augustin ifite iki gitekerezo. [[Umuryango wa Janseniste]]wo muri Kiliziya Gatolika watangaje ko ari ibinyoma kuva mu 1653, nawo wakomeje kuvuga ko icyaha cy'umwimerere cyangije umudendezo wo gushaka. Ahubwo Kiliziya Gatolika igatangaza "Umubatizo, mu gutanga ubuzima bw'ubuntu bwa Kristo, uhanagura icyaha cy'umwimerere kandi ugahindura umuntu ku Mana, ariko ingaruka zatewe na kamere, zacitse intege kandi zikunda ibibi, ziguma mu muntu kandi zimuhamagarira ku rugamba rwo mu mwuka." "Intege nke no kugabanuka kugwa kwa Adamu, umudendezo wo kwihitiramo nturasenywa mu isiganwa." mhzyxtzbhrgi7qvn565rkaeh1lj6kxr 0 8594 81369 76496 2022-01-21T19:37:11Z НСНУ 10569 Ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Scheffer, Ary - Saint Augustin et Sainte Monique - 88.45 - Musée de la Vie romantique.jpg|thumb|346x346px|Mutagatifu Agusitini na Nyina]] Agusitini Hippo (/ ɔːˈɡʌstɪn /; Ikilatini: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 Ugushyingo 354 - 28 Kanama 430 . Inyandiko ze zagize uruhare mu iterambere rya filozofiya y’iburengerazuba n’Ubukirisitu bw’iburengerazuba, kandi afatwa nkumwe mu ba Padiri b'Itorero rikomeye ry’Itorero ry'Ikilatini mu gihe cya Patristo. Ibikorwa bye byinshi byingenzi birimo Umujyi wImana, Ku nyigisho za gikristo, no kwatura. Dukurikije ibyatagajwe na [[Jerome]]. Augustin "yongeye gushya Kwizera kwa kera". Nyuma yo guhinduka mu bukristu no kubatizwa mu 386, Augustin yateje imbere uburyo bwe bwite bwa filozofiya na tewolojiya, akurikiza uburyo butandukanye. Kwizera ubuntu bwa Kristo ntahara mu bwisanzure bwa muntu, yafashaga gushyiraho inyigisho z'icyaha cy'inkomoko kandi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'imyumvire y'intambara gusa. Igihe ubwami bw'Abaroma bwo mu Burengerazuba bwatangiraga gusenyuka, Augustin yatekereje ko Itorero ari Umujyi w'Imana wo mu mwuka, utandukanye n'Umujyi wo ku isi. Ibitekerezo bye byagize uruhare runini mubitekerezo byisi. Igice cy'Itorero cyubahirije igitekerezo cy'Ubutatu nk'uko byasobanuwe n'Inama ya [[Nicaea]] n'Inama ya [[Constantinople]] bifitanye isano rya hafi na Augustin Ku Butatu. Agusitini azwi nk'umutagatifu muri Kiliziya Gatolika, mu Itorero rya [[Orotodogisi y'uburasirazuba(Eastern Orthdox)]] . Ni n'umuganga ukomeye wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Kiliziya akaba n'umurinzi w'Abanya Augustin. Urwibutso rwe rwizihizwa ku ya 28 Kanama, umunsi yapfiriyeho. Agusitini ni we mutagatifu w’inzoga, icapiro, abahanga mu bya tewolojiya, hamwe n’imijyi myinshi na diyosezi. Abaporotesitanti benshi, cyane cyane Calviniste n'Abaluteriyani, bamufata nk'umwe mu ba se ba tewolojiya y'Ivugurura ry'Abaporotesitanti kubera inyigisho ze ku gakiza n'ubuntu bw'Imana. Abavugurura b'Abaporotesitanti muri rusange, na Martin Luther by'umwihariko, bafataga Augustin mu mwanya wa mbere mu ba Padiri b'Itorero rya mbere. Luther yari, kuva mu 1505 kugeza mu 1521, umwe mu bagize Iteka rya Eremitite ya Augustin. Mu Burasirazuba, inyigisho ze ntizivugwaho rumwe kandi zibasiwe na [[John Romanides]]. Ariko abandi bahanga mu bya tewolojiya n'abantu bo mu Itorero rya orotodogisi mu burasirazuba bagaragaje ko bemera cyane ibyo yanditse, cyane cyane Georges Florovsky. Inyigisho zitavugwaho rumwe cyane na we, filioque, [30] zanze Itorero rya orotodogisi. Izindi nyigisho zitavugwaho rumwe zirimo ibitekerezo bye ku byaha by'umwimerere, inyigisho y'ubuntu, no guteganya mbere. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo bifatwa nkibeshya ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe, aracyafatwa nk'umutagatifu kandi yagize uruhare kuri ba Padiri b'Itorero ryo mu Burasirazuba, cyane cyane Gregory Palamas. Mu Itorero rya orotodogisi umunsi we mukuru wizihizwa ku ya 15 Kamena. Umuhanga mu by'amateka [[Diarmaid MacCulloch]] yaranditse ati: "Ingaruka za Augustin ku bitekerezo bya gikristo byo mu Burengerazuba ntizishobora kuvugwa; gusa urugero yakundaga cyane [[Pawulo]] wa [[Taruso]], ni rwo rwagize uruhare rukomeye, kandi Abanyaburengerazuba muri rusange babonye Pawulo mu maso ya Augustin." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo [[Ikiciro:Abagatifu]] 0wl6l0q5k28ffzw41wdit8h6v51suso 0 8595 77135 74215 2021-08-08T01:22:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dictionnaire de la Bible - F. Vigouroux - Tome I.djvu|center|thumb|592x592px|bibiliya]] Jerome (/ dʒəˈroʊm /; Ikilatini: Ewuzebi Sophronius Hieronymus; Ikigereki: Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος; azwi cyane nka Mutagatifu Jerome. Jerome yavukiye ahitwa Stridon, umudugudu uri hafi ya Emona ku mupaka wa Dalmatiya na Pannoniya. Azwi cyane nkuwahinduye [[Bibiliya]] hafi ya yose mu kilatini (ubusobanuro bwamenyekanye nka Vulgate) n'ibitekerezo yatanze ku Mavanjiri. Urutonde rwe rw'inyandiko ni rwinshi. Jerome yari azwiho inyigisho zerekeye ubuzima bw’imyitwarire ya gikristo, cyane cyane abatuye mu bigo by’isi nka Roma. Kenshi na kenshi, yibanze ku mibereho y’abagore kandi agaragaza uburyo umugore witangiye Yesu agomba kubaho ubuzima bwe. Ibyo byibanze ku mibanire ye ya hafi n’abakobwa benshi b’abagore b’abagore b’abagore bari bagize imiryango ikennye ya senateri. Jerome azwi nk'umutagatifu akaba n'Umuganga wa Kiliziya na Kiliziya Gatolika, Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burasirazuba, Itorero ry'Abaluteriyani, hamwe n'Abasangwabutaka. Umunsi mukuru we ni 30 Nzeri. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome 6lu5t9uasze8onx1pusyyfmhk0n0noe 0 8596 77368 74214 2021-08-10T00:39:55Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Judaism in Apulia 25.jpg|thumb|judaism]] [[Dosiye:Judaism in Apulia 31.jpg|left|thumb|kiyahudi]] Idini rya Kiyahudi (rikomoka mu giheburayo יהודה, Yehudah, "Yuda"; [1] ] Abayahudi b'abanyamadini bafatwa nk'Abayahudi ko bagaragaza isezerano Imana yagiranye n'abana ba Isiraheli. Ikubiyemo umubiri mugari w'inyandiko, imyitozo, imyanya ya tewolojiya, nuburyo bwo gutunganya. Torah ni igice cy'inyandiko nini izwi ku izina rya Tanakh cyangwa [[Bibiliya]] y'Igiheburayo, hamwe n'imigenzo y'inyongera yo mu kanwa ihagarariwe n'inyandiko nyuma nka Midrash na Talmud. Hamwe n'abayoboke bagera kuri miliyoni 14.5 na 17.4 ku isi, [6] Idini rya Kiyahudi ni ryo dini rya cumi rinini ku isi. Mu idini rya Kiyahudi harimo ingendo zitandukanye, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zarakomotse ku idini rya Kiyahudi ry'Abarabi, [7] rivuga ko Imana yahishuriye Mose amategeko yayo n'amategeko yayo ku musozi wa Sinayi mu buryo bwa Torah yanditse cyangwa mu kanwa. Mu mateka, ibyo byose cyangwa igice cyacyo cyamaganwe n'amatsinda atandukanye nk'Abasadukayo n'Abayahudi b'Abayahudi b'Abayahudi b'Abayahudi mu gihe cy'urusengero rwa kabiri; [9] Abakarayite mu ntangiriro na nyuma y'ikinyejana cya 5; no mu bice by'amadini agezweho atari orotodogisi. Amashami ya kijyambere y'Abayahudi nk'Abayahudi b'Abayahudi ashobora kuba adahuje idini. Muri iki gihe, imyizerere minini y'Abayahudi ni idini rya Kiyahudi ya orotodogisi (idini rya Kiyahudi rya Haredi n'Abayahudi ba orotodogisi ya none), idini rya Kiyahudi ryita ku idini rya Kiyahudi, n'ivugurura ry'Abayahudi. Inkomoko nyamukuru yo gutandukanya ayo matsinda ni uburyo bwabo bwo gukurikiza amategeko y’Abayahudi, ubutware bw’imigenzo ya ba rabi, n'akamaro ka Leta ya Isiraheli. Idini rya Kiyahudi rya orotodogisi rikomeza rivuga ko amategeko ya Torah n'Abayahudi ari ay'Imana mu nkomoko, y'iteka kandi adahinduka, kandi ko agomba gukurikizwa byimazeyo. Idini rya Kiyahudi ryita ku ivugurura n’ivugurura ni ubuntu, aho idini rya Kiyahudi ryita ku idini rya Kiyahudi ryateje imbere ubusobanuro gakondo bwo gusobanura ibyo Abayahudi basabwa kuruta kuvugurura idini rya Kiyahudi. Imyanya isanzwe ivugurura ni uko amategeko y'Abayahudi akwiye gufatwa nk'urutonde rw'amabwiriza rusange aho kuba nk'imbogamizi n'inshingano zisabwa kubahiriza Abayahudi bose. [12] Amateka, inkiko zidasanzwe zashyize mu bikorwa amategeko y'Abayahudi; muri iki gihe, izi nkiko ziracyahari ariko imigenzo y'Abayahudi ahanini ni ubushake. Ububasha ku bibazo bya tewolojiya n’amategeko ntibuhawe umuntu uwo ari we wese cyangwa umuryango runaka, ahubwo ni ibyanditswe byera hamwe na ba rabi n’intiti babisobanura. ==Indanganturo (Reference)== Byahinduwe mu kinyarwanda https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism q4od19zhzcupfae1m2hl0eg6psdgt7h 0 8597 77130 74213 2021-08-08T01:07:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Monirul islam um.jpg|center|thumb|340x340px|islam]] Islamu (/ ˈɪslɑːm /; [A] [[Icyarabu]]: اَلْإِسْلَامُ, romanized: al-'Islām, intumwa ya nyuma kandi ihebuje y'Imana. Ni ryo dini rya kabiri ku isi rifite abayoboke bagera kuri miliyari 1.8 cyangwa 24.1% by'abatuye isi, bazwi ku izina ry'abayisilamu. Abayisilamu bagize umubare munini w’abaturage mu bihugu 49. Islamu yigisha ko Imana ari imwe, imbabazi, ishobora byose, kandi idasanzwe, kandi yayoboye ikiremwamuntu binyuze mu bahanuzi, ibyanditswe byera, n'ibimenyetso bisanzwe. Ibyanditswe byambere bya Islamu ni Korowani, ikekwa ko ari ijambo ryamagambo yImana, hamwe ninyigisho n'ibikorwa (bita suna, bigizwe na konti bita Hadithi) bya Muhamadi (nko mu 570 - 632 IC). Abayisilamu bemeza ko Islamu ari verisiyo yuzuye kandi ikwiye hose ku kwizera kwa mbere guhishurwa inshuro nyinshi mbere binyuze mu bahanuzi, barimo Adamu, Aburahamu, Mose, na Yesu. Abayisilamu bafata Qor'ani mucyarabu ko ari ihishurwa ry’Imana ridahindutse kandi rya nyuma. Kimwe n'andi madini ya Aburahamu, Islamu nayo yigisha urubanza rwa nyuma hamwe n'intungane zahawe ibihembo muri paradizo naho abakiranirwa bahanwa ikuzimu. Ibikorwa by’amadini birimo Inkingi eshanu z’ubuyisilamu, ibyo bikaba ari ibikorwa byo gusenga, ndetse no gukurikiza amategeko ya kisilamu (shariya), akora ku bintu hafi ya byose by’ubuzima na sosiyete, uhereye ku mabanki n’imibereho myiza kugeza ku bagore ndetse n’ibidukikije. Imijyi ya Maka, Madina na Yeruzalemu niho hatuwe ahantu hatagatifu h’ubuyisilamu. f18lb2wlzhq291ukjoawsr3kv11v97i 0 8598 77496 74212 2021-08-11T03:28:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hebrew_Bible_MET_DP-15507-001.jpg|thumb|Bibiliya y'igiheburayo ]] Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo, nanone yitwa Tanakh (/ tɑːˈnɑːx /; [1] תָּנָ״ךְ, ivugwa [taˈnaχ] cyangwa [təˈnax]; nanone Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach), cyangwa rimwe na rimwe Miqra (מִקְרָא), ni icyegeranyo cyemewe cyibyanditswe byigiheburayo, harimo na Torah. Aya masomo hafi ya yose mu giheburayo cya Bibiliya, hamwe n'ibice bike mucyarameyi ya [[Bibiliya]] (mu bitabo bya Daniyeli na Ezira, umurongo Yeremiya 10: 11, n'amagambo amwe). Imiterere yiyi nyandiko ifite uburenganzira ku idini rya kiyahudi ryaba rabi izwi ku izina rya Masoretic Text (MT) kandi igizwe n’ibitabo 24, mu gihe Bibiliya y’abaporotesitanti igabanya ahanini ibintu bimwe mu bitabo 39. Bibiliya Gatolika na Bibiliya ya orotodogisi y'Iburasirazuba / Ikigereki ikubiyemo ibikoresho by'inyongera mu Isezerano rya Kera, byakomotse kuri Septante (inyandiko zahinduwe mu kigereki cya Koine) n'andi masoko. [[Dosiye:Hebrew_Bible.jpg|thumb|Hebrew Bible]] Usibye Umwandiko wa Masoretike, intiti za none zishaka gusobanukirwa n'amateka ya Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo zikoresha amasoko atandukanye. Muri byo harimo Septante, igisobanuro cy’ururimi rwigisiriyake cyitwa Peshitta, Pentateu ya Samariya, icyegeranyo cy’imizingo yo ku nyanja y'Umunyu hamwe n’amagambo yavuzwe mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za rabi. Aya masoko arashobora kuba ashaje kuruta inyandiko ya Masoretike mubihe bimwe na bimwe kandi akenshi itandukanye nayo. Iri tandukaniro ryabyaye igitekerezo kivuga ko ikindi gitabo, Urtext yo muri Bibiliya y'Igiheburayo, cyigeze kubaho kandi kikaba isoko y'impinduro zikiriho muri iki gihe. Ariko, Urtext nkiyi ntabwo yigeze iboneka, kandi niyihe muri eshatu zizwi cyane (Septante, Inyandiko ya Masoretike, Umusamariya Pentateuch) yegereye Urtext impaka. [5] ifbny0udc9sr2r4a4x83wohhv298qhe 0 8599 77610 74211 2021-08-14T14:35:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Prostitute_tj.jpg|thumb|Umwibone]] Hubris (/ ˈhjuːbrɪs /, ukomoka mu [[kigereki]] cya kera ὕβρις) asobanura imiterere yumuntu wubwibone bukabije cyangwa ubupfapfa cyangwa kwigirira icyizere kirenze urugero, akenshi bifatanije nubwibone. Ijambo "ubwibone" riva mu kilatini adrogare, bisobanura kumva ko umuntu afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba abandi imyitwarire n'imyitwarire runaka. "Kwishyira hejuru" bisobanura "gusaba cyangwa gufata nta mpamvu .... gutanga ibirego bidakwiye kugira", cyangwa "gusaba cyangwa gufata nta burenganzira ... kuvuga cyangwa kuranga nta mpamvu".Ijambo "kwiyitirira" naryo rifitanye isano nijambo hubris, ariko ntabwo rihwanye na hubris.ukeneye amagambo kugira ngo ugenzure] Dukurikije ubushakashatsi, hubris, ubwibone no kwiyitirira bifitanye isano no gutsinda intsinzi (kabone niyo byaba atari byo) 'ntabwo bivuze gutsinda) aho kwiyunga, nkamatsinda "yinshuti" ashobora guteza imbere. Ubusanzwe Hubris abonwa [nande?] Nkibiranga umuntu aho kuba itsinda, nubwo itsinda uwakoze icyaha ashobora kugira ingaruka zingwate kubikorwa bibi. Hubris akunze kwerekana gutakaza umubonano nukuri no gukabya ubushobozi bwumuntu, ibyo yagezeho cyangwa ubushobozi. Imiterere y'izina Hubris ni "hubristic". Ijambo hubris ryatangiriye mu kigereki cya kera, aho ryari rifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye bitandukanye ukurikije imiterere: mu mikoreshereze y’amategeko ryasobanuraga gukubita cyangwa gukora ibyaha by’imibonano mpuzabitsina no kwiba umutungo rusange, kandi mu gukoresha idini byasobanuraga kurenga ku mana. 6xm7mvmmrfh9djxyjwxyo4ybysdc3sg 0 8600 77037 74210 2021-08-05T08:10:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus.gif|thumb|Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus]] Tertullien (/ tərˈtʌliən /; [[Ikilatini]]: Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; nko mu 155 - nko mu 240? AD) Mu nkomoko ya Berber na Fenisiya, Yari umukirisitu wa mbere wasabye imbabazi akaba na polemiciste kurwanya ubuyobe, harimo na Gnosticism ya Gikristo yo muri iki gihe. Tertullian yiswe "se w'ubukristu bw'ikilatini" kandi "washinze tewolojiya y'Uburengerazuba." Nubwo yibanda ku bitekerezo bye, [[Tertullien]] yatangije ibitekerezo bishya bya tewolojiya kandi ateza imbere inyigisho za Kiliziya ya mbere. Birashoboka ko azwi cyane kuba umwanditsi wa mbere mu kilatini uzwiho gukoresha ijambo ubutatu (Ikilatini: trinitas). Mu buryo butandukanye na ba se benshi b'Itorero, Tertullian ntiyigeze amenyekana nk'umutagatifu n'amatorero gakondo gatolika y'iburasirazuba cyangwa y'iburengerazuba. Inyinshi mu nyigisho ze ku bibazo nko kugandukira byimazeyo Umwana n'Umwuka kuri Se, kimwe no kwamagana kongera gushaka abapfakazi no guhunga ibitotezo, bivuguruza inyigisho z'imigenzo. lux3kaerhmabzmnjnhjdsgnnwg5bucr 0 8601 79585 78295 2021-10-26T09:40:14Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Wezmeh_Neanderthal_premolar.jpg|Wezmeh_Neanderthal_premolar.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ellywa|Ellywa]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Hominin photos violating FoP (part 2)|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Y_Chromosome.png|thumb|149x149px|Y Chromosome]] Muri genetics yabantu, Y-chromosomal abakurambere baheruka (Y-MRCA, bizwi ku izina rya Y-chromosomal Adam) ni ba sogokuruza baheruka (MRCA) aho abagabo bose bazima bakomoka kuri ba sekuruza. Ijambo Y-MRCA ryerekana ko Y chromosomes yabagabo bose babaho muri iki gihe ikomoka kuri Y chromosome ya basekuruza ba kure. Igitekerezo gisa na ba matrilineal ba sogokuruza baheruka kumenyekana kizwi nka "Eva Mitochondrial Eva" (mt-MRCA, cyiswe kwanduza mtDNA), umugore uheruka gukomokamo abantu bose bazima bakomokamo. Kimwe na "[[Eva Mitochondrial]] Eva", izina rya "Y-chromosomal Adam" ntirishyirwaho burundu kumuntu umwe, ariko rishobora gutera imbere mugihe cyamateka yumuntu kuko ibisekuruza byababyeyi bicika. [[Dosiye:Y_Chromosome_DNA.png|thumb|159x159px|Y Chromosome DNA]] Ikigereranyo cyigihe Y-MRCA yabayeho nacyo cyahindutse uko ubumenyi bugezweho bwabakurambere bwabantu buhinduka. Mu mwaka wa 2013, havumbuwe haplogroup ya Y-chromosomal yari itaramenyekana, [1] bituma hahindurwa gato imyaka igereranijwe y’umuntu Y-MRCA. [2] Mubisobanuro, ntabwo ari ngombwa ko Y-MRCA na mt-MRCA bagombye kubaho icyarimwe. [3] Mu gihe ibigereranyo guhera mu 2014 byerekanaga ko bishoboka ko abo bantu bombi bashobora kuba bari mu gihe kimwe, [4] ivumburwa rya kera Y-haplogroup ryasubije inyuma imyaka yagereranijwe ya Y-MRCA kurenza imyaka ishobora kuba ya mt-MRCA . Kugeza mu 2015, ibigereranyo byerekana imyaka Y-MRCA iri hagati yimyaka 200.000 na 300.000 ishize, ibyo bikaba bihuye no kuvuka kwabantu ba kijyambere. Amakuru Y-chromosomal yakuwe muri Neanderthal ukomoka muri El Sidrón, Espanye, yatanze Y-T-MRCA yo mu myaka 588.000 ishize kuri Neanderthal na Homo sapiens patrilineages, yiswe ante Adam na 275.000 ishize kuri Y-MRCA. [6] 14inzofssxetl670y1aymqitl37f00y 0 8602 79172 76608 2021-08-31T09:49:33Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Muri genetics yabantu, Eva ya Mitochondrial (nayo mt-Eva, mt-MRCA) ni matrilineal ba sogokuruza baheruka (MRCA) mubantu bose bazima. Mu yandi magambo, asobanurwa [[Dosiye:Wiki_Drawing_-_Mitochondrial.svg|thumb|Igishushanyo cyerekana Mitochondrial]] nkumugore uheruka kuva abantu bose bazima bakomoka kumurongo utavunitse binyuze muri ba nyina no kuri ba nyina b'abo babyeyi, kugeza igihe imirongo yose ihurira kumugore umwe. Kubijyanye na mitochondrial haplogroups, mt-MRCA iherereye mugutandukana kwa macro-haplogroup L muri L0 na L1–6. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013, ibigereranyo ku myaka yo gutandukana kwabaye nko mu myaka 150.000 ishize, [ingingo ya 3] ijyanye n'itariki nyuma yo kuvugwa na Homo sapiens ariko hakiri kare ugereranyije no muri Afurika iherutse gutatanya. [4] [1] ] [5] [[Dosiye:Genetic engineering logo.png|center|thumb|320x320px|Genetics ]] Ikigereranyo cy'abagabo na "Eva ya Mitochondrial" ni "[[Y-chromosomal Adam]]" (cyangwa Y-MRCA), umuntu abantu bose bazima bakomokamo. Nkuko umwirondoro wa matrilineal na patrilineal MRCAs ushingiye kumateka y'ibisekuruza (gusenyuka kw'ibisekuru), ntibakeneye kubaho mugihe kimwe. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013, ibigereranyo byimyaka Y-MRCA birashidikanywaho cyane, hamwe ninshuro zitandukanye kuva mumyaka 180.000 kugeza 580.000 ishize [6] [7] [8] (ufite imyaka iri hagati ya 120.000 na 156.000 ishize , hafi ya byose bigereranijwe na mt-MRCA.). [2] [9] Izina "Eva Mitochondrial Eva" ryerekeza kuri Eva wo muri Bibiliya, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abantu bavuga nabi cyangwa imyumvire itari yo mu nkuru z’abanyamakuru kuri iyo ngingo. Ibyamamare bya siyansi bizwi cyane mubiganiro byerekana imyumvire itari yo ishobora gushimangira ko umwanya wa mt-MRCA utagenwe mugihe (kuko umwanya wa mt-MRCA ugenda utera imbere mugihe imirongo ya ADN ya mitochondial (mtDNA) iba yazimye) , nta nubwo bivuga "umugore wa mbere", cyangwa umugore wenyine muzima wo mu gihe cye, cyangwa umunyamuryango wa mbere w "ubwoko bushya". [[Dosiye:Mitochondrial_DNA_it.svg|thumb|Mitochondrial DNA it]] [[Dosiye:Production_of_mitochondrial_ROS,_mitochondrial_ROS.png|thumb|uko mitochondrial zikorwa]] b5qeof2f11dmwj17ebhgupw3uha1mt0 0 8603 77033 77032 2021-08-05T07:54:05Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cyprianus, De mortalitate. De patientia. De virginibus (ca.850).jpg|thumb|Thaschus Cæcilius ]] Sipiriyani (SIP-ree-ən; [[Ikilatini]]: Thaschus Cæcilius Sipiriyani; nko mu 200 - 14 Nzeri 258 nyuma ya Yesu) Kugaragara. Azwiho kuba umutagatifu mu matorero ya gikristo. Yavutse ahagana mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 3 muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, ahari i Carthage, [6] aho yakuye amasomo ya kera. Bidatinze nyuma yo kwinjira mu bukirisitu, yabaye umwepiskopi mu 249. Umuntu utavugwaho rumwe mu buzima bwe, ubuhanga bwe bukomeye bw'abashumba, imyitwarire ihamye mu gihe cy'ubuyobe bwa Novatianiste ndetse n'icyorezo cya Icyorezo cya Sipiriyani (cyitiriwe izina rye kubera ko yabisobanuye), kandi amaherezo yiciwe i Carthage yamenyekanye kandi yerekana ko ari uwera imbere ya Kiliziya. Ubuhanga bwe bw'ikilatini bwatumaga afatwa nk'umwanditsi w'ikirangirire w'ikilatini w’ubukristu bw’iburengerazuba kugeza Jerome na Augustin. ckjobsynpsl23vm13vnrtgd7u4xpmfe 0 8604 76183 74206 2021-07-20T14:29:16Z Emmynoah 9922 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ifoto_ya_Ambrose.jpg|thumb|ifoto ya Ambrose]] Ambrose (wavutse Aurelius Ambrosius; nko mu 340 - 397), wubahwa nka Mutagatifu Ambrose [a], yari Umwepiskopi wa Milan, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya, akaba n'umwe mu bantu bakomeye ba kiliziya bakomeye bo mu kinyejana cya 4. Ambrose yakoraga nka guverineri w’Abaroma wa Aemilia-Liguria muri Milan ubwo yagirwaga mu buryo butunguranye kuba Umwepiskopi wa Milan mu 374 kubera abantu benshi. Nka musenyeri, yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo kurwanya Arianism maze agerageza gukemura amakimbirane hagati y'umwami w'abami Theodosius wa mbere na Magnus Maximus wanyaga. Gakondo ishimira Ambrose kuba yarateje imbere "indirimbo ya antifonal", uburyo bwo kuririmba aho uruhande rumwe rwa korari rwitabira ubundi buryo, ndetse no guhimba Veni redemptor gentium, indirimbo ya Adiventi. Yagize kandi uruhare rukomeye kuri Augustin wa Hippo (354-430). Ubukirisitu bw’iburengerazuba bwagaragaje ko Ambrose ari umwe mu Baganga bayo bane ba Kiliziya. Afatwa nk'umutagatifu na [[Kiliziya Gatolika]], Itorero rya orotodogisi mu Burasirazuba, Ihuriro ry'Abangilikani, n'amadini atandukanye y'Abaluteriyani, kandi yubahwa nk'umutagatifu wa Milan. e23in98ahc09u34e6dsi6utpzydjkul 0 8605 76408 74217 2021-07-25T13:50:35Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ambrosiaster ni izina ryahawe umwanditsi w'igitekerezo ku nzandiko za St Paul, "kigufi mu magambo ariko kiremereye mu bintu," kandi gifite agaciro mu kunegura inyandiko y'Ikilatini y'Isezerano Rishya. Ibisobanuro ubwabyo byanditswe mugihe cy'ubupapa bwa Papa Damasus wa mbere, ni ukuvuga hagati ya 366 na 384, kandi bifatwa nk'inyandiko y'ingenzi y’inyandiko y'Ikilatini ya Pawulo mbere ya Vulgate ya [[Jerome]], ndetse no gusobanura Pawulo mbere ya Augustin wa Hippo . [[Dosiye:Lucca,_raccolta_con_ambrosiaster,_aimone_di_auxerre_e_girolamo,_1150-75_ca.,_pluteo_15_dex_2,_04.jpg|thumb|Ambrosiaster]] Inshingano [guhindura inkomoko] Iki gitekerezo cyaribeshye igihe kirekire kuri St Ambrose. Mu 1527, naho, Erasimusi yashidikanyije ku kuri kwa Ambrose umwanditsi w'iyi nyandiko. Muri rusange Erasimusi azwiho kuba yarahimbye izina "Ambrosiaster" (bisobanurwa mu kilatini: "uwashaka kuba Ambrose") kugira ngo asobanure umwanditsi waryo. Inguzanyo y'iri zina igomba kujya muri Mauriste, nkuko René Hoven yabigaragaje. Izina ryagumanye n'umwanditsi utazwi. Kugerageza kumenya iyi Ambrosiaster hamwe nabanditsi bazwi byarakomeje, ariko nta ntsinzi. Kubera ko Augustin avuga ibisobanuro bya Ambrosiaster ku Baroma 5.12 ku izina rya "Hilary", abanenga benshi bagerageje kumenya Ambroasiaster n'umwe mu banditsi benshi bitwaga "Hilary" ukora muri icyo gihe. Mu 1899, Germain Morin yavuze ko umwanditsi yari Isaka, Umuyahudi wahindutse akaba n'umwanditsi w’agace k’Ubutatu n’Ubumuntu, wajyanywe muri Esipanye mu 378-380 hanyuma agasubira mu idini rya Kiyahudi; ariko nyuma yaje kureka iyi nyigisho y’ubwanditsi ashyigikira Decimus Hilarianus Hilarius, umuyobozi wa Afurika mu 377. Ubundi, Paolo Angelo Ballerini yagerageje gukomeza kwita kumurimo gakondo kuri Ambrose, mubitabo bye byuzuye byakazi. Ibi ni ikibazo cyane, nubwo, kubera ko byasaba Ambrose kuba yaranditse igitabo mbere yuko aba umwepiskopi, hanyuma akacyongeraho mu myaka yakurikiyeho, akubiyemo amagambo yavuzwe na Hilary wa Poitiers ku Baroma. Nta biranga rero, byamenyekanye cyane mu bahanga, kandi umwirondoro we ukomeje kuba amayobera. Ibindi bitabo bito byitirirwa uyu mwanditsi umwe, hamwe n’ikusanyirizo rirerire ry’udupapuro twinshi two mu bwoko bwa traketi na polemike, Quaestiones Veteris et Novi Testamenti, inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zisanzwe zitwa Augustin. Mu 1905, Alexander Souter yemeje ko iki gikorwa nacyo kigomba kwitirirwa Ambrosiaster. Ibice by'indi mirimo myinshi byavuzwe ko byanze bikunze Ambrosiaster: ibisobanuro kuri Matayo 24, ikiganiro kijyanye n'umugani w'ingero eshatu z'ifu umugore yashyizemo umusemburo, hamwe no kuvura guhakana kwa Petero no gufatwa kwa Yesu muri Gethsemane. Ibiranga ibindi bice kuri Ambrosiaster, nubwo, birarenze. bzqntwabtca7x4elhbu3jncwelcvhfq 0 8606 77859 73965 2021-08-18T02:17:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Porcelain Wall Sundial Sconse by Carmichael.jpg|thumb|sconse]] Sconce ni ubwoko bwurumuri rushyizwe kurukuta. Umucyo mubisanzwe, ariko ntabwo buri gihe, werekeza hejuru no hanze, aho kumanuka. Sconce nuburyo bwa kera cyane bwimiterere, amateka yakoreshejwe hamwe na buji n'amatara yamavuta. Ibikoresho bigezweho bakunze kwita [https://thefancyplace.com wall lights] cyangwa amagambo asa, cyane cyane niba isoko yumucyo itwikiriwe nikirahure. Bashobora gutanga amatara rusange, kandi biramenyerewe muri koridoro no muri koridoro, ariko birashobora kuba byiza cyane. Sconce irashobora kuba itara gakondo, buji cyangwa itara rya gaze, cyangwa isoko yumucyo wamashanyarazi igezweho yashyizweho muburyo bumwe. === Imikoreshereze n'amateka === Sconces irashobora gushirwa kurukuta rwimbere ninyuma yinyubako. Mugukoresha mbere-bigezweho, mubisanzwe bifata buji n'amatara. Mu mateka, ibishashara bya buji byakorwaga mu ifeza cyangwa mu muringa kuva mu kinyejana cya 17, hamwe na farufari na ormolu byatangiye gukoreshwa mu kinyejana cya 18. Itara rya buji ryakongejwe cyane ninyuma yerekana inyuma. Ukoresheje utwugarizo, buji yabikwa kure y’urukuta. Amatara ya kijyambere yamashanyarazi akoreshwa kenshi muri koridoro cyangwa muri koridoro kugirango itange urumuri hamwe ningingo ishimishije mugice kirekire. Uburebure bwa Sconce munzira nyabagendwa muri rusange ni 3/4 byintera hejuru yurukuta nkuko bipimye kuva hasi kugeza ku gisenge, kandi intera iri hagati ya sconces kurukuta muri rusange ihwanye nintera ya sconces kuva hasi, akenshi bisimburana kumpande inzira nyabagendwa. [[Dosiye:Western spotted skunk.png|thumb|sconse]] Sconces mubisanzwe yashyizwe mubice cyangwa ibindi bice byinshi kugirango itange uburinganire. Birashobora gukoreshwa mugukingura inzugi cyangwa kumurongo. Ibizunguruka-amaboko akenshi bishyirwa kuruhande rwigitanda kugirango bitange amatara yo gusoma. Muri kaminuza zimwe zicyongereza, ijambo sconce ryakoreshejwe kugirango ryerekane ibikorwa bimwe bikosora bigamije kumurikira umunyeshuri wibeshye. Reba inyandiko ya Saga ya Egil yahinduwe na E. R. Eddison (1930) yerekana ko igihano gishobora kuba "kuvuga ibinyobwa bisindisha muri kimwe". mg22tlw2z3e5keg066e1fibqsftst4z 0 8608 77323 77113 2021-08-09T20:22:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque_with_Africa_Muslims_Agency_Sign_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ISLAMU MU RWANDA- Huye-Butare - Amagepfo]] Islamu ni ryo dini rigizwe n'abayoboke bakeya cyane mu Rwanda ugereranije n'andi madini, rifite abayoboke bagejeje ki kigero kingana na 4,6% by'abaturage bose ukurikije ibarura rya 2006. Mubyukuri Abayisilamu bose mu Rwanda ni Abasuni. Islamu yaje bwa mbere mu Rwanda izanywe n'abacuruzi b'Abayisilamu baturutse ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika mu kinyejana cya 18. Kuva ryatangizwa, Abayisilamu babaye bake muri kariya gace, mu gihe Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma, yinjije Abanyarwanda mu gihe cy'ubukoloni mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ni ryo dini rinini muri iki gihugu. Bwa mbere mu mateka yarwo mu Rwanda, Islamu ihabwa uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure nk'ubukristo. Ikigereranyo cyerekana ko mu bahutu hari umubare w’abayisilamu bangana kimwe n’abatutsi. Ikigereranyo ntigishobora kugenzurwa nyuma ya jenoside, kubera ko guverinoma imaze guhagarika ibiganiro byose by’amoko mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo kurinda abanyarwanda icyabateza ivangura rishingiye ku moko ndetse n'amacakubiri. == Amateka == === Amateka ya gikoloni === Ugereranije n'ibihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba nka Tanzaniya, Kenya, na Uganda, amateka y'Ubuyisilamu mu Rwanda ni amateka mashya. Mu gihe hari inyandiko nke zanditse zerekeye inkomoko yabyo, bivugwa ko Islamu yazanywe n'abacuruzi b'Abarabu baturutse muri Zanzibar binjiye bwa mbere muri iki gihugu mu 1901. Ubundi, byavuzwe ko Islamu yahageze mu gihe cy'ubukoloni igihe abanditsi b'abayisilamu, abafasha mu buyobozi, n'abacuruzi baturutse ku nkombe zivuga Igiswahiri cya Tanganyika bazanywe mu gihugu. Islamu kandi yashimangiwe n’abacuruzi b’abayisilamu bo ku mugabane w’Ubuhinde, washakanye n’Abanyarwanda. Abanyarwanda bubatse umusigiti wabo wa mbere mu 1913. Uyu musigiti uzwi ku izina ry'umusigiti wa Al-Fatah. [[Dosiye:Green_mosque_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Green mosque Kigali]] Mu mateka yarwo, hashyizweho ingufu nyinshi mu kubuza ikwirakwizwa rya Islamu mu Rwanda. Izi mbaraga muri rusange zakoresheje imyumvire yo kurwanya abarabu, kandi zerekana abayisilamu nkabanyamahanga. Abamisiyonari gatolika bakunze gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo barwanye icyo babonaga ko ari amadini ahanganye, nk'ubuyisilamu n'Abaporotesitanti. Abayisilamu bakomeje guhezwa kubera ko Abayisilamu benshi batuye mu mijyi, mu gihe 90% by’abaturage bari icyaro. Nkuko abacuruzi b'Abarabu cyangwa Abahinde batigeze bagerageza gukomeza kwizera kwabo, nta mwuka muto wo kubwiriza mu Bayisilamu. Gusa habaye impinduka nke, cyane cyane mubatuye mu mijyi itandukanijwe: abagore bashakanye nabanyamahanga, abana batemewe nimpfubyi. Ndetse no guhinduka rimwe na rimwe wasangaga bitagaragara, biterwa no kwifuza umutekano w’ubukungu n’ubukungu Abayisilamu batangaga, kuruta kwizera idini mu myizerere ya kisilamu. Ku butegetsi bw'Ababiligi, Abayisilamu mu Rwanda bari barahawe akato. Kubera ko Abayisilamu nta mwanya bari bafite muri Kiliziya Gatolika, yakomezaga kugira uruhare runini kuri leta, Abayisilamu bakunze guhezwa mu burezi n'imirimo ikomeye muri guverinoma. Kubera iyo mpamvu, akazi k'abayisilamu ahanini kagarukiraga mu bucuruzi buciriritse, no gufata akazi nk'abashoferi. === Nyuma y'ubwigenge === Mu 1960, uwahoze ari minisitiri w’ubutegetsi, Isidore Sebazungu, yategetse gutwika icya kane cy’abayisilamu n’umusigiti i Rwamagana. Nyuma yibi birori, Abayisilamu bagize ubwoba maze benshi muri bo bahungira mu bihugu duturanye. Bavuga ko Kiliziya Gatolika yagize uruhare muri ibyo birori, byakajije umurego hagati y’abayisilamu n’abakristu. Mbere ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994, Abayisilamu bafatwaga nabi, kubera ko babonaga ko ari abacuruzi, mu gihugu abahinzi bubahwa cyane. Abaturage b’abayisilamu mbere ya jenoside bari 4% byari bike cyane ugereranije n’ibihugu bituranye. Abayisilamu nabo bagize ingaruka kuri jenoside. Ni gake gashoboka aho abatutsi bari barahungiye mumisigiti bagabweho ibitero. Urugero ruzwi cyane rwabereye ku musigiti mukuru wa Nyamirambo, aho abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bari bateraniye guhungira. Impunzi ziri mu musigiti zarwanije imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ikoresheje amabuye, umuheto n'imyambi, bituma barwanya bikomeye abasirikari n'interahamwe. Gusa abasirikare bamaze gutera imbunda ya mashini ni Interahamwe zashoboye kwinjira mu musigiti no kwica impunzi. == Uyu munsi == [[File:Mosque_Minaret_with_Catholic_Cathedral_at_Rear_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Umunara wa Al-Masidjid Q'ubah umusigiti i [[Butare]], Rwanda]] Umubare w’abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda wiyongereye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yo mu 1994 kubera umubare munini w’abantu bahindutse. Abayisilamu benshi bari bahungiye mu mpunzi, Abahutu n'Abatutsi. Bamwe mu bahindutse bavuga ko bahindukiriye idini ya Islamu kubera uruhare abayobozi bamwe b'Abagatolika n'Abaporotesitanti bagize muri jenoside. Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yanditse ibyabaye byombi aho abanyamadini b'Abakristo bemeraga Abatutsi guhungira mu nsengero, hanyuma bakabashyikiriza itsinda ry’urupfu rw’Abahutu, ndetse n’aho abapadiri n’abakozi b’Abahutu bashishikarizaga amatorero yabo kwica abatutsi Ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu bantu ku giti cyabo bwerekana uburyo abatutsi bamwe bahinduye imyemerere yabo kubw'umutekano wabo, kubera ko batinyaga gukomeza kwicwa n'abahezanguni b'Abahutu, kandi bari bazi ko Abayisilamu bazabarinda ibikorwa nk'ibi. Abahutu benshi bahinduye imyemerere yabo nabo, bashaka "kwezwa". Abahutu benshi bifuza gusiga amateka yabo yubugizi bwa nabi no kutagira "amaraso mu biganza". Hariho kandi uduce tumwe na tumwe twitaruye aho Abahutu bahindutse bizeye ko bashobora kwihisha mu muryango w’abayisilamu bityo bagahunga gutabwa muri yombi. Igipimo cyo guhinduka cyatinze mu 1997. Nk’uko mufti w’u Rwanda abitangaza ngo umuryango wa kisilamu ntiwigeze wiyongera mu guhinduka mu 2002/2003. Ubukristo bukomeje kuba idini rikomeye mu gihugu. Gatolika (yageze mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 hamwe na ba papa bera ba kiliziya gatolika ya Roma) ikomeje kwinjizwa mu muco. == Ibikorwa == Abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda nabo bagira uruhare rugaragara mubikorwa byimibereho, nka umurava n'umuhate wabo mu bijyanye no "kubahana no gukundana" hagati yabo ubwabo. Abayisilamu benshi bo mu Rwanda bagira uruhare mu gukemura amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko nyuma ya jenoside n'imitwe ya kisilamu imaze kugera ku batishoboye, urugero nko gushinga amatsinda y'abagore atanga inyigisho ku kwita ku bana. Guverinoma z’iburengerazuba zahangayikishijwe n’uko Islamu igenda yiyongera, kandi bamwe mu bayobozi ba guverinoma bagaragaje impungenge z’uko imisigiti imwe n'imwe ihabwa inkunga na Arabiya Sawudite. Icyakora, hari ibimenyetso bike byerekana ko bitwara gisirikare. <ref name="Tiemessen">Tiemessen, Alana (2005) ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080910032044/http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2005/tiemessen.pdf From Genocide to Jihad: Islam and Ethnicity in Post-Genocide Rwanda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910032044/http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2005/tiemessen.pdf|date=2008-09-10}}.'' Paper presented at the Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, London, Ontario.</ref> Umunsi mukuru w’idini ry’abayisilamu Eid al-Fitr ndetse na Eid al Adhuhha wizihizwa na guverinoma nkimwe mu minsi mikuru ine y’amadini (hamwe na Noheri, Umunsi w’abatagatifu bose, hamwe n’ibitekerezo). Abayisilamu kandi bagira amashuri yigenga ya kisilamu. Mu 2003, Ambasade y’Amerika yagenzuye ivugurura ry’ishuri ryisumbuye rya kisilamu i Kigali. Abayobozi ba Ambasade kandi bahuye n’abayobozi b’abayisilamu, hamwe n’abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika n’Abangilikani, Abadiventisti bo ku munsi wa karindwi, n’Abahamya ba Yehova, kugira ngo bagirane ibiganiro by’amadini. <ref name="Religious Freedom">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/23746.htm Rwanda - International Religious Freedom Report 2003], ''2003 Report on International Religious Freedom''. </ref> U Rwanda rwahoze rufite ishyaka rya politiki ry’idini, ishyaka rya kisilamu riharanira demokarasi (PDI), hamwe n’abayoboke b’abatari abayisilamu. Icyakora, ryahinduye izina ryitwa Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije, nyuma yuko itegeko nshinga ritegeka ko nta shyaka rishobora gushingwa hashingiwe ku idini. <ref name="Religious Freedom">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/23746.htm Rwanda - International Religious Freedom Report 2003], ''2003 Report on International Religious Freedom''. </ref> == Abaturage == Hariho intera nini mubigereranyo byabaturage b’abayisilamu bo mu Rwanda. Nta barura nyaryo ry’abaturage b’abayisilamu ryakozwe. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Inkomoko ! Abaturage (000s) ! Abaturage (%) ! Umwaka ! Réf |- | ''Ikinyamakuru Washington'' | 1,148 | 14 | 2002 | |- | ''Ikinyamakuru Washington'' | | 7 | 1993 "mbere yuko ubwicanyi butangira" | |- | CIA Igitabo cyisi | 456 | 4.6 | 2001 | |- | ''Ikinyamakuru New York Times'' | | 15 | 2004 | |- | Worldmark Encyclopedia yumuco & Ubuzima bwa buri munsi | 350 | 5 | 1998 | <ref>Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily Life: Vol. 1 - Africa. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications Development (1998), pg. 360-361.</ref> |- | Ubuyobozi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ( Ubushakashatsi bw’ikigega cy’abaturage gishinzwe umutekano ) | | 1.1 | 1996 | |- | Ubuyobozi bwa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (kwiga kaminuza) | | 4.6 | 2001 | |} Raporo ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda yatangajwe ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 2006, ivuga ko 56.5% by'abatuye u Rwanda ari Abagatolika b'imyemerere y'Abanyeroma, 26% ni Abaporotesitanti, 11.1% ni Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi, 4,6% ni Abayisilamu, 1.7% bavuga ko badafite idini, kandi 0.1% bakora imyizerere gakondo. <ref name="report">[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90115.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Rwanda]. United States [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] (September 14, 2007). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> == Reba kandi == * Iyobokamana mu Rwanda ** [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Gatolika y'Abaroma mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}}<ref name="Kubai">{{Cite journal}}</ref> [[Category:Islamu mu Rwanda]] mxx5wukk6wlyr3wef7lgboee20sevss 0 8610 74221 74175 2021-01-03T10:11:12Z ELHAMiiD 9327 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/990925142|HIV/AIDS]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=HIV/AIDS|causes=[[Human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV)<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|frequency=1.7 million new cases (2018)<ref name=UN2018/><br />37.9 million living with HIV (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>|prognosis=Near normal life expectancy with treatment<ref name=CDC21015Bas/><ref name=UN2012Vac/><br />11 years life expectancy without treatment<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>|medication=|treatment=[[Antiretroviral therapy]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|prevention=[[Safe sex]], [[needle exchange]], [[male circumcision]], [[pre-exposure prophylaxis]], [[post-exposure prophylaxis]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|differential=|diagnosis=Blood tests<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|risks=Exposure to blood, breast milk, sex<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|duration=Lifelong<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|image=Red_Ribbon.svg|onset=|complications=[[Opportunistic infection]]s, [[tumors]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|symptoms='''Early''': Flu-like illness<ref name=WHO2015Fact/><br />'''Later''': [[Large lymph nodes]], fever, weight loss<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|synonyms=HIV disease, HIV infection<ref name=AIDS2010GOV/><ref name=AETC-staging>{{cite web |title=HIV Classification: CDC and WHO Staging Systems {{!}} AIDS Education and Training Centers National Coordinating Resource Center (AETC NCRC) |url=https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |website=aidsetc.org |publisher=AIDS Education and Training Center Program |access-date=September 10, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018065658/https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>|field=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[immunology]]|alt=A red ribbon in the shape of a bow|caption=The [[red ribbon#AIDS awareness origin|red ribbon]] is a [[awareness ribbon#Awareness Ribbon origin|symbol]] for [[solidarity]] with [[HIV-positive people]] and those living with AIDS.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wear your red ribbon this World AIDS Day {{!}} UNAIDS |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |website=www.unaids.org |publisher=UNAIDS Secretariat |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221331/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>|image_size=220px|deaths=770,000 (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>}}{{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Virusi itera SIDA|causes=[[Virusi Itera SIDA]] (HIV)<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|frequency=Miliyoni 1.7 z'abanduye bashya (2018)<ref name=UN2018/><br />Miliyoni 37.9 zabantu babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>|prognosis=Kubaho nk'abandi bantu bazima iyo wisuzumishije ugafata n'imiti igabanya ubukana<ref name=CDC21015Bas/><ref name=UN2012Vac/><br />Imyaka 11 yo kubaho iyo umuntu adafata imiti<ref name=UNAIDS2007/>|medication=|treatment=[[Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ubuvuzi bwayo]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|prevention=[[Imibonano ikingiye]], [[gusangira inshinge]], [[gusilamura]], [[imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA mbere yo gukeka ko wayandujwe - prophylaxis]], [[imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA nyuma yo gukeka ko wayandujwe prophylaxis]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|differential=|diagnosis=Gusuzuma no gupima amaraso<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|risks=Kwandura biciye mu maraso, amashereka n'imibonano <ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|duration=Ubuzima buramba<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|image=Red_Ribbon.svg|onset=|complications=[[Indwara z'ibyuririzi]]s, [[ibibyimba]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|symptoms='''Mu ikubitiro''': Kurwaragurika bisa nk'ibicurani bihoraho<ref name=WHO2015Fact/><br />'''Nyuma''': [[kwaguka kutunyabuzima turinda indwara mu mubiri tubyimba mu myanya yo mu mabinga no mu kwaha]], guhinda umuriro nkurwaye umushwiza, guta ibiro byinshi mu buryo butunguranye<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|synonyms=Indwara ya SIDA, ubwandu bw'agakoko gatera SIDA<ref name=AIDS2010GOV/><ref name=AETC-staging>{{cite web |title=HIV Classification: Sisiteme za CDC na WHO {{!}} Imfasha nyigisho ku ndwara ya SIDA n'ibigo by'amahugura ndetse nibigo ku rwego rw'igihugu bihuza ibikorwa ku makuru ajyanye nabyo(AETC NCRC) |url=https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |website=aidsetc.org |publisher=Gahunda y'imfasha nyigisho namasomo ku ndwara ya SIDA n'ibigo by'amahugura |access-date=September 10, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018065658/https://aidsetc.org/guide/hiv-classification-cdc-and-who-staging-systems |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>|field=[[Indwara zandura (ubuvuzi bwihariye)|Indwara zandura]], [[Ubumenyi bujyanye n'ubudahangarwa bwo mu muburi]]|alt=Riba itukura ihinnye nk'umuheto|caption=<nowiki>The [riba itukura#ikimenyetso cyo gushishikariza no kumenyekekanisha cy'umwimerera ku ndwara ya SIDA|riba itukura]] ni </nowiki>[[ikimenyetso kigamije gushishikariza no kumenyekanisha #ikimenyetso cyo gushishikariza no kumenyekekanisha cy'umwimerera ku ndwara ya SIDA|riba itukura|ikimenyetsol]] cyo kugaragaza [[ubufatanye nishyaka]] hamwe [[n'abanduye SIDA]] ndetse n'ababana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ambara Riba yawe itukura kuri uyu munsi wo kwizihiza umunsi wa Virusi Itera SIDA {{!}} UNAIDS |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |website=www.unaids.org |publisher=UNAIDS Secretariat |access-date=September 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221331/http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2006/november/20061130redribbonen |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>|image_size=220px|deaths=770,000 (2018)<ref name=UN2018/>}} Virusi itera SIDA ni agakoko kambura umubiri ubudahangarwa. Virusi ya SIDA ica umubiri intege ikawambura ubudahangarwa maze igatera ubwandu bw’indwara. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare Virusi itera SIDA itera indwara zitandukanye bikarangwa no gucika intege k’umubiri ku buryo uba utakibasha guhangana n’indwara ari nabwo umurwayi bivugwa ko arwaye SIDA. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA iyo nta miti bafata igabanya ubukana bwayo bashobora kumara imyaka itatu gusa. Iyo umuntu yanduye virusi itera SIDA afashwe n’izindi ndwara z'ibyuririzi kandi nta miti igabanya ubukana anywa, icyizere cy’ubuzima ni umwaka umwe. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA baba bagomba gufata imiti kugira ngo bakumire gupfa vuba. Nyuma yo kwandura kwambere umuntu ashobora kutabona ibimenyetso byayo, cyangwa ashobora guhura nigihe gito cyindwara zimeze nk'ibicurane (grippe). Ubusanzwe, ibi bikurikirwa nigihe kirekire nta bimenyetso byigaragaza. Iyo ubwandu bugenda bwiyongera mu mubiri, bubangamira cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zisanzwe nk'igituntu, kimwe n'izindi ndwara zibasira umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ibibyimba bitamenyerewe ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa buhagije mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bimenyetso byigaragaza nyuma yaho ari nabyo bikomeye nibyo bituma umurwayi bivugwa ko yanduye SIDA kenshi bigaragazwa cyane no gutakaza ibiro byinshi kuburyo bugaragarira ijisho. Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo n'ibikorwa byo gutingana bashyira ibitsina mu kibuno nababishyira mu kanwa ku bahuje ibitsina), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zikoreshwa kwa muganga batera imiti mu mubiri w'umurwayi, umubyeyi utwite akaba yayanduza umwana atwite iyo adafashe imiti ku gihe, iyo umubyeyi abyaye, cyangwa binyuze mu konsa. Amatembabuzi asanzwe nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo byanduza virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera sida ni imwe muri za virus zibarizwa mu itsinda ry'amavirusi azwi ku izina rya "retrovirus". Uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye, gahunda zo gukoresha neza inshinge zujuje ubuziranenge, kuvura abanduye, hamwe no gukoresha imiti nka "prophylaxis" mbere na nyuma yo gukora iminonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Iyo ari umwana uvutse yanduye virusi itera SIDA we na nyina umubyara bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta muti cyangwa urukingo rwa virusi itera SIDA ruhari; ariko, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ishobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire byenda kungana kimwe nk'abantu basanzwe bazima batayanduye. Nibyiza gutangira gufata imiti no kwivuza no kwisuzumisha buri gihe ukimara kumenya ko wanduye. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni imyaka 11. Muri 2018, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 37.9 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA bituma hapfa abantu 770.000. Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro ya za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateje urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 32 ku isi hose. Virusi itera SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo - icyorezo cy’indwara kiboneka ahantu hanini kandi kigenda gikwirakwira. Virusi itera sida yavuye mu zindi nyamaswa yerekeza ku bantu bo muri Afurika yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza no hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Ubwandu bwa SIDA bwamenyekanye bwa mbere n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi hamenyekana igitera SIDA - ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA - byagaragajwe mu ntangiriro y’imyaka icumi ya mbere y'uwo mwaka. Virusi itera SIDA yagize uruhare runini muri sosiyete, iba indwara ndetse n'isoko y'ivangura. Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu. Hariho imyumvire myinshi itavugwaho rumwe ku birebana na Virusi itera SIDA, nko kwizera ko yanduzwa gusa no guhuza ibitsina mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ndwara yateje impaka nyinshi mu banyamadini, harimo n’umwanya wa Kiliziya Gatolika yo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa ry’agakingirizo mu rwego rwo kuyirinda. Yatumye habaho ubuvuzi budasanzwe ku rwego rwa kiganga, ku rwego mpuza mahanga ndetse igenerwa n'inkunga nyinshi zitandukanye kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya za 1980. [[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-HIV-AIDS.webm|thumbtime=0:14|thumb|Video summary (script)]]   == Ibimenyetso biranga agakoko gatera SIDA == Hariho ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: kuremba bikabije, kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira, no kugera mu cyiciro cyaho umubiri ubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije.  <ref name="M1212">acika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti</ref> === kuremba bikabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_acute_HIV_infection.svg|alt=A diagram of a human torso labelled with the most common symptoms of an acute HIV infection|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru byanduye virusi itera sida]] Mu ikubitiro kwandura virusi itera sida icyo cyiciro cyitwa "Acute HIV/igihe virusi itera SIDA iba ifite ubukana bwinshi mu mubiri" cq kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose. Abantu benshi barwara ibicurane cyangwa indwara isa na "mononucleose" nyuma y'ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kuyandura, naho abandi nta bimenyetso bifatika bafite. Ibimenyetso bibaho muri 40-90% byabantu bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA kandi mubisanzwe harimo umuriro mwinshi ukabije uzamuka buri kanya, ibibyimba mu kanwa, kumuka no kuryana mu muhogo, guhubuka, kubabara umutwe, kunanirwa, cyangwa ibisebe byo mumunwa no mu/ku gitsina. Indwara z'uruhu zizana ibiheri bigaragara muri 20-50% y'abayanduye byigaragaza mu buryo bw'uduheri twinshi turi kumurongo umwe kandi twinshi tubyimbye gakeya kandi tudasanzwe. Abantu bamwe na bamwe barwara indwara zitandukanye muriki cyiciro. Ibimenyetso byo mu gifu, nko kuruka cyangwa impiswi bishobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso nko kurwara imitsi, ingingo zigacika inege. Igihe ibimenyetso byiyerekana biratandukanye, ariko mubusanzwe ni icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe, ibi bimenyetso ntibifatwa nkibimenyetso simusiga byabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Ndetse nibibazo bibonwa na muganga cyangwa ibitaro bikunze gusuzumwa nabi nkimwe mundwara zandura zifite ibimenyetso byinshi byenda gusa. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa ko virusi itera sida yakekerwa cyane mu bantu bagaragaza umuriro mwinshi udasobanutse ushobora kuba ufite isano n'ingaruka zo kwandura. <ref name="M1182">Mandell, Bennett, and Dolan (2010). Chapter 118.</ref> === kuremba bikurikiranye no kurwaragurika kenshi bidakira === Ibimenyetso byambere bikurikirwa nicyiciro cyitwa "clinical latency" cyangwa virusi idakira. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, iki cyiciro cya kabiri ku bantu banduye virusi itera sida bisanzwe ariko bativuje habe namba gishobora kumara imyaka igera kuri itatu kugeza ku myaka 20 (ugereranije, imyaka umunani). Mugihe mubisanzwe hari ibimenyetso bike cyangwa bitagaragaye mbere, hafi yiki cyiciro kirangiye abantu benshi bahura numuriro mwinshi udasanzwe, guta ibiro, ibibazo byigifu no kubabara imitsi. Hagati ya 50% na 70% byabantu nabo barwara utubyimba two mu kwaha duhora twizana, ibice by'umubiri byaguka cyangwa bibyimba mu buryo budasobanutse, kwaguka kurenze uburyo busanzwe kw'imyanya ndangagitsina (uretse mu kibuno) mumezi arenga atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Nubwo abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bafite virusi itagaragara kandi mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa amaherezo bizatera SIDA (kubura burundu ubudahangwarwa bw'umubiri kwirwanaho ku ndwara), umubare muto (hafi 5%) ugumana urugero rwinshi rw'utunyabuzima twubatse ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri w'umuntu twitwa CD4<sup>+</sup> T (T Helper Cells) udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA irenze imyaka itanu. Abo bantu bashyizwe mu rwego rwa "HIV Controllers" cyangwa "long-term nonprogressors" (LTNP). Irindi tsinda rigizwe nabagumana uko virusi zigaragaza mu mubiri wabo muburyo butajya bumenyekana habe namba cyangwa butigaragaza byihuse kandi badakoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi ari nabo bakunze kwitwa "elite controllers" cyangwa udashobora kumenyekana udafite imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA bene abo bari ku kigero kiri kuri 1 kugeza kuri 300 y'abanduye. === Umubiri kubura ubudahangwara mu buryo bukabije === [[File:Symptoms_of_AIDS.svg|alt=Igishushanyo kigaragaza bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ku bafite ubwandu bwa SIDA|thumb| Ibimenyetso nyamukuru bya sida.]] "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS/SIDA)" bisobanuye icyiciro aho umubiri w'uwanduye virusi itera SIDA yaba yageze aho abura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu buryo bukabije kugeza aho abasirikare barinda umubiri we indwara bitwa "CD4<sup>+</sup> T" baba bari munsi ya 200 ku gipimo gikoreshwa cya µL cyangwa kuba hari indwara zihariye ziterwa no kwandura virusi itera SIDA zamaze kwigaragaza mu buryo bufatika. Mugihe hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwihariye, ibi nibyo byigaragaza hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabantu banduye virusi itera sida mu myaka icumi ya mbere. Ibintu byambere bikunze kugaragara byerekana ko umurwayi yageze muri iki cyiciro cyaho umuntu afatwa ko arwaye SIDA harimo "pneumocystis pneumonia" / UMUSONGA (40%), gutakaza ibiro byinshi mu buryo budasanzwe "cachexia" (20%), na "candidiasis esophageal" / indwara nutubyimba no kubabara mu kanwa ndetse no mu muhogo. Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo kwandura indwara zifata imyanya y'ubuhumekero. Ashobora ndetse no kwibasirwa n'indwara zitunguranye ziterwa n'udukoko nka bacteria, virusi, ibihumyo, n'udukoko dutandukanye zisanzwe zikumirwa zikarindwa na bwa budahangarwa bw'umubiri mu bantu bazima. Indwara zandura ziterwa ahanini n’ibinyabuzima bikunze kubaho mu bidukikije by’umuntu. Izi ndwara zirashobora kwanduza umubiri wose zikawibasira zikawuca inege. Ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura kanseri zitandukanye ziterwa na virusi, harimo na sarcoma ya Kaposi, lymphoma ya Burkitt, lymphoma y'ibanze yo hagati, na kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Sarcoma ya Kaposi ni kanseri ikunze kugaragara, iboneka ku 10% kugeza kuri 20% by'ababana na virusi itera SIDA. Kanseri ya kabiri ikunze kwibasirwa cyane ni lymphoma, ikaba ari yo nyirabayazana w'urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri 16% babana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA kandi ni cyo kimenyetso cya mbere cya SIDA muri 3% kugeza kuri 4%. Izi kanseri zombi zifitanye isano na herpesvirus ya 8 (HHV-8). Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura igaragara cyane ku bafite sida kubera ko ifitanye isano na "papillomavirus" ya muntu (HPV). Kanseri ifata (ya layer/urububi ruhuza igice cy'imbere cy'amaso n'igice cyera cy'ijisho) nayo ikunze kugaragara ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Byongeye kandi, ababana n'ubwandu bwa SIDA bakunze kugira ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa n'umuriro mwinshi udasanzwe uzamuka buri kanya utajya ugabanyuka, ibyuya byinshi (cyane cyane nijoro), kubyimba "lymph node" / utubyimba two mu kwaha n'amabinga, guhorana ubukonje bukabije (imbeho, gutitira), intege nke, no gutakaza ibiro byinshi cyane. Indwara y'impiswi iza buri kanya ni ikindi kimenyetso gikunze kugaragara, kiboneka ku bantu 90% barwaye SIDA. Bashobora kandi kwanduzwa n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo mu mutwe ndetse no mu mitsi bidafitanye isano n'ubwandu bwa kanseri. == Uburyo virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwamo == Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa n'inzira eshatu z'ingenzi: guhuza ibitsina mu buryo budakingiye, ibice by'umubiri w'uwanduye indwara ya SIDA twahungabanye nk'ibisebe bivamo amatembabuzi n'amaraso, ndetse no kuva amaraso ku mubyeyi iyo atwite; ndetse no mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana ashobora kumwanduza, mu gihe cyo kubyara umubyeyi wanduye ava amaraso arimo abyara akivanga n'amaraso y'umwana binyuze ku mukonda/ikiriri, cyangwa konsa uruhinja ku mubyeyi wanduye. Nta kaga ko kwandura virusi itera sida binyuze mu mazirantoki, ururenda rw'amazuru/ibimyira, amacandwe, ibyuya, amarira, inkari, cyangwa kuruka keretse iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA. Birashoboka kandi ko umuntu yakwandura impurirane y'ubwoko bwa virusi itera sida burenze bumwe bikunze kwitwa "HIV superinfection". === Imibonano mpuza bitsina === Uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Icyakora, umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida ufite virusi itagaragararira ibyuma biyipima bitewe no kuvurwa igihe kirekire, nta byago afite byo kwanduza abandi virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu gukorana nabo imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Kuba hari abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA itagaragarira ibyuma biyipima byamenyekanye cyane mu itangazo ry’Ubusuwisi ryo mu 2008 biteza impaka no kutabivugaho rumwe, kuva icyo gihe byaje gukorerwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse biremezwa ko bibari ndetse bishoboka. Ku isi hose, uburyo bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera SIDA ni uburyo bwo guhuza ibitsina n'umuntu wanduye hakorwa imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye hagati y’abadahuje igitsina; ariko, uburyo bwo kwandura buratandukanye mu bihugu. Kugeza mu 2017, abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA muri Amerika babaye mu bagabo baryamanye n'abagabo (82% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA ku bagabo bafite imyaka 13 n'abayirengeje na 70% by'indwara nshya). Muri Amerika, abagabo bahuje ibitsina bafite imyaka 13 kugeza kuri 24 bangana na 92% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu bagabo bose bari mu kigero cyabo na 27% by'indwara nshya mu bagabo bose bahuje ibitsina ndetse n'ibitsina byombi. Abagabo bagera ku 15% b’abagabo bahuje ibitsina banduye virusi itera SIDA, mu gihe 28% by’abagore bahindura ibitsina "transgender" banduye muri Amerika. Ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye, ibigereranyo by’ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera sida ku gikorwa cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina bigaragara ko byikubye inshuro enye kugeza ku icumi mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make ugereranyije no mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi. Mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo bingana na 0.38% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,30% kuri buri gikorwa; ibigereranyo bihwanye n'ibihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi ni 0,04% ku gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagore ku bagabo, na 0.08% kuri buri gikorwa cyo kwanduza abagabo n'abagore. Ibyago byo kwandura bivuye mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ni byinshi cyane, bivugwa ko 1,4-1.7% kuri buri gikorwa haba mu mibonano mpuzabitsina idahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana bahuje igitsina. Nubwo ibyago byo kwandura biva mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku bahuje ibitsina ari bike, biracyahari. Ibyago byo kwakira imibonano mpuzabitsina mu kanwa byavuzwe ko ari "hafi NTABYO"; ariko, byagaragaye ko hari abantu bake banduye binyuze muri ubwo buryo. Ibyago kuri buri gikorwa byagereranijwe kuri 0-0.04% ku bakira imibonano mpuza bitsina mu kanwa "oral sex". Mu bihe birimo uburaya mu bihugu bikennye cyane, ibyago byo kwandura abagore ku bagabo byagereranijwe ko ari 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, naho kwanduza abagabo ku bagore ni 0,05% kuri buri gikorwa. Ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera iyo umuntu yanduye indwara zisanzwe zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina hamwe n’ibisebe byo mu gitsina. Ibisebe byo mu gitsina bigaragara ko byongera ibyago inshuro zigera kuri eshanu. Izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, nka mburugu, kilamidiya, tirikomunasi, na vaginose ya bagiteri, zifitanye isano no kwiyongera gake mu byago byo kwandura. Ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri w'uwayanduye "viral load" ni ikintu cy’ingaruka zikomeye mu kwanduza virusi itera SIDA binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse biciye mu kwandura hagati y'umwana na nyin/umubyeyi we. Mu mezi 2.5 y'ibanze mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ubwandu bw'umuntu bwikubye inshuro cumi n'ibiri bitewe (n'ubwiyongere bw'ubukana bwiyo virusi itera SIDA afite mu mubiri we) - "VIRAL LOAD". Niba umuntu ari mu cyiciro cye cyanyuma yaho yanduriye virusi itera SIDA, ibipimo byanduza bikubye inshuro umunani. Abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bicuruza mu bikorwa by'uburaya (harimo n'abacuruza imibiri yabo by'umwuga byemewe "pornography") bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Imibonano mpuzabitsina ikabije mu buryo bwo gukubana kw'ibitsina nta bunyerere cyangwa ububobere buhagije mu gitsina "rough sex" irashobora guteza kwiyongera kw'ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikubiyemo ibikorwa byo gufata kungufu/gusambanya undi ku gahato no gusambanya abana bakiri bato "sexual assualt" naryo rishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubera ko udukingirizo tudakunze kwambarwa muri ibyo bikorwa by'ubugome bigatera gukomereka mu gitsina ku bagore n'abakobwa no ku gitsina ku bagabo n'abahungu cyangwa gukomereka mu kibuno kubakorerwa ibikorwa byo gufatwa ku ngufu n'abatinganyi bikongera ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ndetse bikaba byanatera ibyuririzi by'indwara zindi zandurira mu gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina akabirwarira hamwe n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Amatembabuzi === [[File:AIDS_Poster_If_You're_Dabbling_in_Drugs_1989.jpg|alt=A black-and-white poster of a young black man with a towel in his left hand with the words "If you are dabbling with drugs you could be dabbling with your life" above him|thumb| Icyapa cya CDC kuva mu 1989 cyerekana iterabwoba rya sida ijyanye no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge]] Uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kwanduriramo virusi itera sida ni uburyo bunyuze mu maraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi yivanzemo ayo maraso yanduye. Kwandura biciye muri ubu buryo birashobora guterwa no gusangira inshinge mugihe cyo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bacisha mu kwitera inshinge mu mitsi, gukomeretswa n'inshinge mu gihe ruri guterwa ufite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA, guterwa amaraso yanduye cyangwa ibikomoka ku maraso yanduye, cyangwa inshinge zikoreshwa mu buvuzi ariko zitujuje ubuzira nenge hamwe n’ibikoresho bidafite ubuziranenge "bidafite umutekano uhagije wo kubibika mu buryo bwiza mu byuma bibihanaguraho imyanda "sterilizers". Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusangira urushinge mugihe cyo gutera ibiyobyabwenge mu mitsi hagati y'abakoresha ibyobya bwenge ubwabo biri hagati ya 0,63% na 2,4% kuri buri gikorwa, ugereranije ku gipimo cyo hagati "average" ni 0.8%. Ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida ku binyuze k'urushinge rwatewe umuntu wanduye virusi itera sida bivugwa ko ari 0.3% (hafi 1 kuri 333) kuri buri gikorwa kandi ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku rurenda rw'amatembabuzi ruvanzemo amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA ni 0.09% (hafi 1 kuri 1000) kuri buri gikorwa. Izi ngaruka zirashobora ariko kugera kuri 5% mugihe ayo maraso ari muri urwo rurenda rw'amatembabuzi yaturutse kumuntu ufite ubwikorezi bwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA n'umwenge cyangwa igisebe ari kinini mu mubiri kuri wawundi wandujwe. Muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagejeje kuri 12% by'abanduye virusi itera SIDA mu 2009, ndetse no mu turere tumwe na tumwe abantu barenga 80% bitera ibiyobyabwenge banduye virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera SIDA yanduza hafi 90% binyuze mu guterwa amaraso yanduye "blood transfusion". Mu bihugu byateye imbere ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ni bike cyane (munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni) aho hakorwa uburyo bwo gutoranya abaterankunga no gusuzuma virusi itera sida mu maraso atangwa "blood donations"; urugero, mu Bwongereza ibyago bivugwa ko ari umwe muri miliyoni eshanu naho muri Amerika yari imwe muri miliyoni 1.5 muri 2008. Mu bihugu bikennye cyane, kimwe cya kabiri cy’amaraso ni yo yonyine ishobora gupimwa mu buryo bukwiye (guhera mu 2008), kandi bikaba bivugwa ko abagera kuri 15% banduye virusi itera SIDA muri utwo turere baturuka ku guterwa amaraso yanduye n'amatembabuzi avanze nayo maraso yanduye, bigereranywa kuri 5% na 10% byanduye kwisi. Birashoboka kwandura virusi itera sida mu guhinduranya ingingo z'umuburi zitangwa kwa muganga "implants", nubwo ibi bidasanzwe kubera kwipimisha mbere ko bikorwa. Gutera imiti hifashishijwe inshinge zidafite umutekano bigira uruhare muri virusi itera SIDA muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu 2007, hagati ya 12% na 17% byanduye muri kano karere byatewe no gukoresha inshinge zidafite umutekano zo kwa muganga. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko ibyago byo kwandura biturutse ku gutera inshinge muri Afurika ni 1,2%. Hari n'ingaruka zo kwandura virusi itera SIDA zikomoka ku kubaga indembe, kubyaza, no kuvura no kubaga amenyo muri kano karere. Abantu baterwaho ibishushanyo ku mibiri yabo "tattooing", gutobora ibice by'umubiri bitandukanye, no gukomeretsa ibice by'umubiri wabo binyuze mu ndasago "scarification" bafite ibyago byo kwandura nubwo nta bushakashatsi buhari bufatika bubyemeza. Imibu ndetse nutundi dukoko ntibishobora kuba impamvu yo gukwirakwiza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Virusi itera SIDA irashobora kwanduza umwana mu gihe umubyeyi amutwite, igihe cyo kubyara, cyangwa binyuze mu mashereka amwonsa, bigatuma umwana na we yandura virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008, kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwiswe "verticle transmission" binyuze mu dukoko twa bagitiriya na virusi mu gihe umubyeyi atwite umwana cyangwa arimo kubyara ni 90% by'abana bayandura. Mugihe hatabayeho kuvurwa virusi itera SIDA ku mubyeyi wanduye, ibyago byo kwanduza umwana mbere cyangwa mugihe cyo kuvuka ni 20%, naho kubonsa amashereka ni 35%. Ubuvuzi butangwa ku mubyeyi ukimenya ko yanduye ariko atwite bugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we akimutwite no mu gihe cyo kumubyara kugeza munsi ya 5%. Imiti igabanya ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA iyo ifashwe na nyina cyangwa umwana bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura ku bonsa. Ibiryo bigaburirwa umwana iyo byivanzemo n'amaraso yanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere yo kubihekenya birashobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi kuri uwo mwana. Niba umugore atavuwe virusi itera SIDA akamara imyaka ibiri yonsa uruhinja nabyo bitera ibyago byo kwanduza umwana we bigera kuri 17%. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’urupfu rw'impinja bukomoka ku kutonsa mu bice byinshi byo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rirasaba ko konsa byihariye hagati y'umubyeyi n'uwo mwana we umwe gusa cyangwa gutanga kwifashisha amata yo mu bikombe nk'imfashabere. Abagore bose bazwiho kuba banduye virusi itera SIDA bagomba gufata imiti igabanya ubukana ubuzima bwabo bwose. == Ubumenyi n'ubucukumbuzi bujyanye na Virusi == [[File:HI-virion-structure_en.svg|alt=diagram of microscopic viron structure|thumb| Igishushanyo cyimiterere ya virusi ya sida]] [[File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg|alt=A large round blue object with a smaller red object attached to it. Multiple small green spots are speckled over both.|thumb| Gusikana electron micrograph ya VIH-1, icyatsi kibisi, imera kuva lymphocyte yumuco .]] Virusi itera SIDA niyo nyirabayazana w'indwara zitera umuburi kubura ubudahangarwa ari nabyo byitwa "SIDA". Virusi itera SIDA ni ubwoko bwa "retrovirus" yibanda cyane mu kwangiza abasirikare barinda umubiri w'umuntu bitwa "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells", "macrophage" na "dendritic cells" . Yangiriza byimazeyo mu buryo buziguye ndetse n'ubutaziguye abo basirikare batuma umubiri ugira ubudahangarwa bitwa "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T". Iyo virusi itera SIDA ibarizwa mu bwoko bwa "''Lentivirus"'', nabwo bubarizwa mu cyiciro cyitwa "''Retroviridae"'' . Virusi zo muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentivirus" zisangiye ibintu byinshi biziranga imiterere yabyo ndetse n'ibijyanye n'ubutabire bw'ibinyabuzima bubiranga. Ibinyabuzima byinshi biri mu cyiciro cy'inyamaswa zonsa zikunze gufatwa no kwandura nama virusi ari muri ubu bwoko bwa "Lentiviruses" ari nabyo bikunze gutera indwara z'igihe kirekire ndetse zimara igihe mu mubiri zirimo gukura. Ubu bwoko bwa virusi zibarizwa muri "Lentiviruses" zigira ububasha bwo kwandura bwinjira mu mubiri ari imbumbe kandi bwiteguye kwanduza bwiyambitse urububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME". Iyo zinjiye mu mubiri ako kanya, rwa rububi ruzirinda rwa "RNA GENOME" ruhita ruhindagura imiterere yarwo "reverse transcribed" rugahinduka ADN ifite kopi ebyiri ya virusi nyayo itera uburwayi byitwa "reverse transciptase" bizanana na ya "GENOME" virusi mu bigize virusi. Nyuma yo kwihindagura yisanisha na ADN ziri mu mubiri mu buryo bwo gukora kopi zisa neza ihita yinjira mu dutafari twubatse umubiri twitwa "nucleus cells" tugahita twisanisha neza nkatwo mu rwego rwo kwiyorobeka no kwihisha mu mubiri binyuze mu buryo bwitwa "integrase" nibigize umubiri yinjiyemo. Virusi iyo imaze kwinjira neza muri twa dutafari tugize umubiri "cells" ihita yirinda kugira ibitero igaba ku mubiri ako kanya kugirango abasirikare baha ubudahangarwa mu mubiri batayivumbura bagatangira kuyirwanya. Hari nubwo virusi iyo imaze kwinjira mu mubiri ihita ikoresha ubundi buryo bwitwa "transcribed" ari nabwo bwo kubasha kwiyubura ikikoramo kopi nyinshi z'amavirusi bisa kimwe ya "RNA GENOMES" afite naza poroteyine z'ama virusi byishyize hamwe bikirema mu imbere muri za "cells" zigakomeza gutubuka gutyo zikaba nyinshi mu mubiri "VIRAL LOAD". Virusi itera SIDA ubu yamenyekanye ko ikwirakwira iciye mu basirikare barinda umubiri bawuha ubudahangarwa ba "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T" biciye mu nzira ebyiri zibangikanye: gukwirakwiza mu imbere muri "cells" ubwayo aribyo byitwa "cell-free spread" cyangwa gukwirakwizwa yanduza za "cells" zitandukanye ku bwinshi ari nabyo byitwa "cell-to-cell spread". Mu gukwirakwiza biciye mu buryo bwa "cell-free spread" virusi ziva mu ngirabuzimafatizo "virus particles bud" zituruka mu basirikare banduye ba "T cells", zinjira mu maraso/nandi matembabuzi avanze namaraso hanyuma zikanduza utundi dusirikare turinda umubiri kwandura twa "T cells" uko zijyenda zihura nazo gutyo gutyo kugeza zikwirakwiye mu mubiri hose. Iri kwirakwizwa rya virusi mu mubiri uko rigenda ryikoramo kopi nyinshi biri mu bintu birwanya bigaca inege imiti n'ubuvuzi bujyanye no kuvura amavirusi Ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi itera sida bwaranzwe na virusi y'ubwoko bwitwa "VIH-1" na "VIH-2". Virusi ya "VIH-1" ni virusi yavumbuwe bwa mbere (kandi yabanje kwitwa "LAV" cyangwa "HTLV-III"). Ni virusi ifite ubukana kandi yandura cyane, kandi niyo nyirabayazana w'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ku isi yose ugereranije na virusi yo mu bwoko bwa "VIH-2" izwiho kwandurwa n'abantu bake. Kubera ubushobozi buke ugereranije bwo kwandura, ubwoko bwa virusi ya "VIH-2" igarukira muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba . == Indwara ya Pathophysiology == [[File:HIV_and_AIDS_explained_in_a_simple_way.webm|alt=video of AIDS explanation|thumb|Gusobanura Virusi itera SIDA mu buryo bwihuse bworoshye]] [[File:Hiv_replication_cycle.gif|thumb| Uko virusi itera SIDA ijyenda yikoramo za kopi nyinshi]] Iyo virusi imaze kwinjira mu mubiri habaho igihe cyo gutubuka kwayo zikaba nyinshi mu buryo bwo kujyenda zikoramo kopi nyinshi byihuse, biganisha kuri virusi nyinshi mumaraso "VIRAL LOAD". Mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura virusi, urwego rwa virusi itera sida rushobora kugera kuri miliyoni nyinshi za virusi kuri mililitiro yamaraso mu mubiri. Iki gisubizo kijyana nigabanuka ryagaragaye mumibare y'abasirikare barinda umuburi indwara bitwa "CD4 T". Virusi ikomeza kugira ubukana kubera imiterere yayo yo gutuma havuka utundi dusirikare "cells" twitwa "CD8 T" tuza twica burundu twa dusirikare turinda umubiri kutandura indwara tukabyara za "antibody" zirwanya umubiri ziwuca intege, cyangwa "seroconversion" . Igisubizo gifatika mu isuzuma ryutwo dusirikare twa "CD8 <sup>+</sup> T" nicyo cyerekana uko ubwandu bw'indwara bujyenda bugabanyuka cyangwa bwiyongera mu mubiri nubwo bitarinda burundu virusi itera SIDA. Amaherezo, virusi itera SIDA irwanya ba basirikare barinda umubiri indwara ikajyenda ibica ibagabanya ubwinshi bakaba bakeya mu mubiri "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T" kugeza ubwo umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa bigatera indwara z'ibyuririzi kwibasira umubiri muburyo buzorohereye. Abasirikare ba "T Cells" ni ingirakamaro mubisubizo byubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi bitabaye ibyo, umubiri ntushobora kurwanya indwara cyangwa kwica udusirikare twamaze kuba kanseri mu mubiri. Uburyo abasirikare ba "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells" bagenda bashira mu mubiri bugiye butandukanye yaba mu ikubitiro umubiri ukinjiramo virusi itera SIDA ikikoramo kopi nyinshi ndetse no mu bihe bwo kurwaragurika cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu cyiciro cy'ibanze cyo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, hifashishwa udusirikare twanduye twabaye kanseri mu mubiri twa "CD8 <sup>+</sup> T" ari natwo tugira uruhare mu kugabanuka k'udusirikare turinda umubiri twa "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T", nubwo umubiri ubwawo wabigiramo uruhare mu gihe wirwanaho wica udukoko turi mu mubiri mu buryo bwitwa "apoptose" nayo ishobora kubitera. Iyo virusi ziyongereye mu mubiri; umurwayi akagera mu cyiciro cyo kuremba bikabije no kurwaragurika indwara z'ibyuririzi zitandukanye bituma habaho gutakaza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwimikorere yubudahangarwa bwo kubyara abasirikare bashya ba "T cells" ari nabyo bituma bagabanyuka cyane"CD4 <sup>+</sup> T". Nubwo ibimenyetso byo kubura ubudahangarwa biranga SIDA bitagaragara imyaka myinshi nyuma yuko umuntu yanduye, igice kinini cyo gutakaza abasirikare ba CD4 <sup>+</sup> T kibaho mugihe cyicyumweru cya mbere cy'ubwandu, cyane cyane mumitsi yo munda, kibamo uturemangingo turwanya indwara zo mu mubiri twita "lymphocytes" mu mubiri. Impamvu virusi itera SIDA yibanda cyane kuri ako gace ko munda "intestinal mucosa" ni ukubera ko virusi itera SIDA ikora za poroteyine z'ubwoko bwa "CCR5" ikoresha mu kwibasira yinjira ihungabanya abasirikare barinda umubiri indwara ba "CD4 <sup>+</sup> T" kandi ako gace k'imitsi yo munda kagizwe cyane nizo poroteyine kuruta za poroteyine ziba mu maraso. Imihindagurikire yihariye ihindura imiterere ya za poroteyine za "CCR5" iyo ziboneka mu buryo bwombi bwa "chromosomes" birinda cyane kwandura virusi y'ubwoko bwa VIH-1. Virusi itera SIDA ishakisha kandi ikarandura byimazeyo CCR5 zigaragaza mudusirikare turinda umubiri twa CD4 <sup>+</sup> T mu ikubitiro ryo kwandura iyo virusi kuko nibwo iba ifite ubukana bwinshi. Abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 <sup>+</sup> T ni nako batangira kurwanya iyo virusi itera SIDA ari nako irushaho kubica bikihutisha kujya mu cyiciro cya kabiri cyo kuremba no kurwaragurika buri kanya bidakira "clinical latent phase". Uko virusi itera SIDA irushaho kwikoramo kopi nyinshi ikibasira umubiri wose ni nako umubiri ubura ubudahangarwa kurushaho. Ibyo byose bigateza uruvangitirane rw'ibibazo byo mu mubiri bituma habaho gusohoka kwa "pro-inflammatory cytokines". Ni nabyo ndetse bifitanye isano mu guteza indwara zo munda nk'igifu kubera urububi/igisenge kigize amara gikomeza kujyenda cyangirika cyane iyo habayeho kuremba cyane. == Gusuzuma == [[File:Hiv-timecourse.png|alt=A graph with two lines. One in blue moves from high on the right to low on the left with a brief rise in the middle. The second line in red moves from zero to very high then drops to low and gradually rises to high again|thumb|Igishushanyo rusange cyerekana isano iri hagati ya kopi ya virusi itera sida (virusi ya virusi) na CD4 <sup>+</sup> T ibara ugereranije n’impuzandengo ya virusi itera sida itavuwe. ]] {| class="wikitable floatright" |+Iminsi mike nyuma yo kwerekana ibikenewe kugirango ikizamini kibe cyuzuye !Kwipimisha amaraso ! Iminsi |- | Ikizamini cya Antibody <small>(</small> ikizamini <small>cyihuse, ELISA gen 3)</small> | 23–90 |- | Antibody na p24 kwipimisha antigen <small>(ELISA 4 gen)</small> | 18-45 |- | PCR | 10–33 |} Virusi itera SIDA isuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire hanyuma bigakorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Ikigo cya Leta zunzwe ubumwe z'Amerika cya "Preventive Services Task Force" gishishikariza abantu bose kuva ku myaka 15 kugeza ku myaka 65 kwisuzumisha virusi itera SIDA, harimo n'abagore bose batwite. Byongeye kandi, kwipimisha bishishikarizwa cyane abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kuyandura, cyane abasuzumwa bagasanga baranduye izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuza bitsina. Mu bice byinshi byisi, kimwe cya gatatu cyabanduye virusi itera SIDA babimenya ari uko igihe cyamaze kurenga bamaze gutaka ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuburyo bwigaragaza bukabije. === Kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA === [[File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HIV_Rapid_Test_being_administered.jpg|thumb|Agakoresho kihuta mugupima virusi itera SIDA kitwa "HIV Rapid Test" karimo gukoreshwa]] [[File:Oraquick.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oraquick.jpg|thumb|Oraquick]] Abantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA bakunze kurangwa n'imisemburo mu mubiri yabo irwanya ibice by'umubiri "antibodies" (ni ukuvuga seroconvert) bibaho mu byumweru bitatu kugeza kuri cumi na bibiri nyuma yo kwandura bwa mbere. Gupima virusi itera sida mbere ya seroconversion bikorwa mugupima HIV-RNA cyangwa p24 antigen. Ibisubizo bigaragaza ubwandu (positive) byabonetse nyuma yo gupima za "antibodies" cyangwa ibizamini bya PCR byemezwa na "antibody" itandukanye cyangwa na PCR. Gusuzuma no gupima "antibody" ku bana bari munsi y'amezi 18 bikunze gutanga ibisubizo bitari bya nyabyo kubera za "antibodies" bakomora ku babyeyi babo ziba zikiri mu mibiri yabo bana. Kubw'izo mpamvu, ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bishobora gupimwa gusa hifashishije gupima PCR za HIV-RNA cyangwa ADN, cyangwa binyuze mu gupima antigen p24. Henshi ku isi hari icyuho n'ibura ry'ibikoresho bihagije byo gupima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA hifashishijwe agakoresho ka PCR yizewe, kandi abantu mu bihugu byinshi bitishoboye bategereza kugeza ibimenyetso byigaragaje cyangwa umwana akuze bihagije kugirango bapimwe neza za "antibody". Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hagati ya 2007 na 2009, abaturage bari hagati ya 30% na 70% bari bafite amakuru ahagije kuri virusi itera SIDA. Muri 2009, hagati ya 3,6% na 42% by'abagabo n'abagore bo mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara nibo babashije kwisuzumisha; ibi byagaragaje ubwiyongere bugaragara ugereranije nimyaka yashize. === Ibyiciro === Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro indwara zanduye virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zifitanye isano na virusi itera SIDA hagamijwe gukurikirana abanduye: gahunda y'ikigo mpuza mahanga gikurikirana ubuzima "WHO" gikurikirana umunsi kuwundi imiterere ya virusi itera SIDA n'indwara zigashamikiyeho, n'ikigo gikurikirana kinakakumira indwara zandura cya "CDC" uburyo gishyira mu byiciro ibirebana na virusi itera SIDA. Kubera ko gahunda y'ikigo cya "WHO" idasaba ibizamini bya laboratoire, ikwiranye n’imiterere y’imikoreshereze ihura n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gufasha kuyobora imiyoborere y’amavuriro. Nubwo zi gahunda zitandukanye, sisitemu zombi zemerera kugereranya intego zimibare. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatanze icyifuzo cya mbere ku gisobanuro kirebana na SIDA mu 1986. Kuva icyo gihe, OMS yakomeje gahunda yo kuvugurura ibyiciro bitandukanye inshuro nyinshi, igisobanuro giheruka cyemeranyijweho ku isi hose ubu OMS ikaba iheruka kugisohora mu 2007. Sisitemu ya OMS ikoresha ibyiciro bikurikira: * Icyiciro cy'ibanze cy'ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida: Birashobora kuba bidafite ibimenyetso cyangwa bifitanye isano no kuremba bikabije (kwandura mu gihe cy'ibanze aho virus iba ifite ingufu nyinshi mu mubiri irimo gushaka gukwirakwira mu mubiri hose). * Icyiciro cya I: Kwandura virusi itera sida bifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso byigaragaza bijyanye numubare w'abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa bitwa CD4 + T (uzwi kandi nka "CD4 count") urenga 500 kuri microlitre (µl cyangwa cubic mm) yamaraso. Bikunze kugirana isano no kubyimba k'utunyabuzima twa "lymph" turinda umuburi indwara (tuba mu kwaha, aho amaguru yombi ahera uturutse ku gice igihimba kirangiriraho ndetse no mu bice bitandukanya amatama ijosi) * Icyiciro cya II: Ibimenyetso byoroheje, bishobora kuba birimo uduheri twinshi duto duto kandi twegeranye twibanda ku bice bimwe by'uruhu hamwe n'indwara zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. CD4 ibara munsi ya 500 / µl * Icyiciro cya III: Ibimenyetso biri kurwego runini, bishobora kuba birimo impiswi idakira idasobanutse mugihe kirenze ukwezi, indwara ziterwa na n'agakoko ka bagiteri zirimo igituntu cyibihaha, hamwe na CD4 ibara munsi ya 350 / µl * Icyiciro cya IV ari nacyo SIDA: ibimenyetso bikomeye, birimo indwara cyangwa gufatwa n'ibimenyetso bya "[[:en:Toxoplasmosis|toxoplasmosis]] " yo mu bwonko, indwara ya kandida "candidiasis" ifata mu muhogo, mu buhumekero cyangwa ibihaha, na "sarcoma" ya Kaposi. CD4 ibara munsi ya 200 / µl Ikigo cyo muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) nacyo cyashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA, kandi byavuguruwe mu 2008 na 2014. Ubu buryo bushyira mu byiciro virusi itera SIDA hakurikijwe kubara abasirikare baha umubiri ubudahangarwa "CD4 count" no kugenzura ibimenyetso byigaragaza, kandi busobanura ubwandu mu matsinda atanu. Mu barengeje imyaka itandatu ni: * Icyiciro cya 0: igihe kiri hagati yo gufata ikizamini gipima ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ntikiyigaragaze (negative) cyangwa kitamenyekanye cyakurikiranye n'ikizamini cyaje kugaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (positive) kiri munsi yiminsi 180. * Icyiciro cya 1: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hejuru ya 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 2: CD4 ibara abasirikare bari hagati ya 200 na 500 / µl kandi nta bimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro cya 3: CD4 ibara abasirikare bangana cq bari munsi ya 200 / µl kandi hari ibimenyetso bya SIDA byigaragaza * Icyiciro kitazwi: Kuba nta makuru ahagije ahari yo kuba hari ibyatuma habaho gushyirwa mu byiciro bivuzwe haruguru. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura, isuzuma rya SIDA rikomeje gukorwa nubwo nyuma yo kuvurwa, umubare wa wabasirikare barinda umubiri ba "CD4 + T" wazamutse ukagera kuri 200 kuri µL yamaraso cyangwa izindi ndwara zishamikiye ku bimenyetso bigaragaza SIDA ziba zamaze gukira == Kwirinda == [[File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AIDS_Clinic,_McLeod_Ganj,_2010.jpg|alt=A run down a two-story building with a number of signs related to AIDS prevention|thumb|Ivuriro rito ku barwayi ba SIDA, [[:en:McLeod_Ganj|McLeod Ganj]], Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010]] === uhuza ibitsina === [[File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FACING_AIDS_a_condom_and_a_pill_at_a_time_-_I_am_FACING_AIDS_because_people_I_-3_are_infected._(5202985364).jpg|thumb|Abantu bambaye ibimenyetso bikangurira rubanda ku birebana n'indwara ya SIDA. Ibumoso: "Guhanga na SIDA ukoresheje agakingirizo cq imiti yo kwirinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA"; Iburyo: "Mpanganye na SIDA kuko abantu nkunda bamaze kuyandura"]] Gukoresha agakingirizo mu buryo buhoraho kandi igihe kirekire bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kingana na 80%. Iyo agakingirizo gakoreshwa buri gihe n’abashakanye muri bombi umwe ariwe wanduye undi ari atanduye bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ku kigereranyo kiri kuri 1% ku mwaka. Hariho ubushakashatsi bushimangira ko agakingirizo k'abagore gashobora gutanga urwego rumwe rwo kurinda. Gukoresha imiti yifashishwa mu gutuma mu gitsina hazamo ububobere yitwa "gel" nka "tenofovir"(yifashishwa mu kuvura indwara ya SIDA rimwe na rimwe indwara y'umwijima ya hepatitis B) igakoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina bijya bigabanya amahirwe yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA kugera ku kigereranyo kingana na 40% mubagore bo muri Afrika. Binyuranye no gukoresha imiti yica intanga ngabo nka "nonoxynol-9" kuko iyo izwiho kongera ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA bitewe nuko ituma mu gitsina no mu nnyo hazamo udusebe. Gusilamura (abagabo) muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara "bigabanya kwandura virusi itera sida ku bagabo badahuje igitsina hagati ya 38% na 66% mu gihe cy'amezi 24". Kubera ubwo bushakashatsi, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima ndetse na UNAIDS bashishikarije abagabo kwisiramuza muri 2007 mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA binyuze ku bwandu buturuka ku mugore wanduye yanduza umugabo utanduye mu turere twa Afurika twiganjemo umubare munini wabanduye virusi itera SIDA. Icyakora, ntibivugwaho rumwe ku bijyanye nimba kwisilamuza birinda umugore utanduye virusi itera SIDA iyo aryamanye n'umugabo wanduye virusi itera SIDA usilamuye, ndetse nta mibare izwi cyangwa ifatika ivuga ko byarinda abahuje ibitsina b'abagabo bakora imibonano kwandura virusi itera SIDA mu bihugu byateye imbere. Umuryango mpuzamahanga urwanya virusi, urasaba ukanashishikariza ko abagabo bose bakora imibonano nabo badahuje igitsina bagomba kwisilamuza ndetse nabakora imibonano mpuzabitsina nabo bahuje igitsina ko byaganirwaho nkuburyo bwo guhitamo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Abahanga bamwe batinya ko hashobora kuvuka imyumvire ituma umubare munini wabantu wakwitabira ibikorwa byo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye bitwaje ko gusilamurwa ari urukingo rubarinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Porogaramu zishishikariza kwifata no kurinda ubusugi n'ubumanzi ku bakobwa n'abahungu ntabwo bigaragara ko zigira umusaruro mwiza uhagije kandi ufatika mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko umusaruro wizo nyigisho udahagije habe namba. Inyigisho zihagije zitangwa ku bumenyi bw'imyororokere mu mashuri zishobora kugabanya imyitwarire ishobora guteza ibyago byinshi byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu bikorwa by'ubusambanyi. Umubare munini wurubyiruko rukomeje kwishora mubikorwa byinshi bishobora guteza ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA nubwo bahabwa inyigisho zihagije kuberana n'ubwandu bwiyo virusi, kuko babitesha agaciro ko kumva ko nabo bashobora kwandura. Ubujyanama butangwa no gupima kubizana kubihabwa ku bushake ntabwo bigabanya ibikorwa byo kwijandika no kwiyandarika mu busambanye kubamaze gupimwa bagasanga batanduye ahubwo bituma abapimwe bagasanga banduye bakunda gukoresha udukingirizo n'imibare ikazamuka mu buryo bwigaragaza. Serivisi zinoze zo kuboneza urubyaro bigaragara ko byongera umubare wo gukoresha imiti yo kuboneza urubyaro mu bagore bamaze kumenya ko bafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta makuru agahije azwi niba kuvura izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina bifite akamaro mu gukumira virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda mbere yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA === Gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu bantu babana n'ubwandu bafite abasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count" bagejeje kuri 550 / µL ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kurinda kwanduza abo baryamana nabo (ingamba zizwi nko kuvura bisa nko kwirinda, cyangwa TASP). TASP ifitanye isano no kugabanuka inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 20 ibyago byo kwandura. Imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera sida yitwa "profhylaxis (PrEP)" ikoreshwa mbere yo gukora imibonano mpuza bitsina hamwe numuti ukoreshwa buri munsi wa "tenofovir", hakoreshejwe cq hatanakoreshejwe umuti wa "emtricitabine", bigabanya ibyago byinshi byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA hagati y'abantu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura nk'abagabo bakora imibonano nabo bahuje igitsina ndetse n'abaryamana umwe abizi ko yanduye undi abizi ko atanduye ndetse no murubyiruko rwo muri Afurika. Bene ubu buryo bushobora kurinda nabakoresha inshinge bitera imiti/ibiyobyabwenge babicishije mu mitsi, nyuma y'ubushakashatsi bwakoze bukagaragaza ko habayeho kugabanyuka ku kigereranyo kivuye kuri 0.7 kugeza kuri 0.4 ku gipimo cy'imyaka 100 y'abantu "100 person years". Ikigo cy'Amerika gishinzwe gahunda zo kwirinda indwara gishishikariza ko abantu bafite ibyago byinsho byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA ko bakwiye gukoresha imiti ya PrEP. Uburyo rusange bwo kwirinda muri gahunda z'ubuzima no kubwitaho bifite ingaruka nziza mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Gahunda zishyirwaho mu gukumira kwitera ibiyobyabwenge biciye mu mitsi hakoreshejwe inshinge no kuzisangira no gahunda zo gufasha kuvura abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bagahabwa ingurane nziza zo kubavura "rehabilitation therapy" biri mu bintu bihambaye bigabanya ibyago by'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA. === Kwirinda nyuma yo gukeka ko wandujwe virusi itera SIDA === Imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA ifatwa mu masaha ari hagati ya 48 na 72 ku muntu ukeka ko cyangwa wahuye n'amaraso arimo ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA cq amavangiro yo mu gitsina yanduye; iyo miti yitwa "prophylaxis (PEP)". Gukoresha umuti ufata rimwe wa "zidovudine" bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera sida inshuro eshanu nyuma yo gukomeretswa n'urushinge. Kugeza mu 2013, gahunda yo gukoresha imiti irinda kwandura virusi itera SIDA muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika yashyizeho imiti y'ubwoko butatu bwo kwifashisha ari bwo - "tenofovir, emtricitabine na raltegravir" - kuko ibyo bishobora kugabanya ingaruka kurushaho. Imiti ya "PEP" ishishikarizwa gufatwa byihutirwa cyane iyo habayeho igikorwa cyo gufatwa ku ngufu cq gusambanya umwana cyane iyo ukekwaho icyo cyaha akekwaho kuba yanduye virusi itera SIDA, ariko bikunze gutera impagarara no kutavugwaho rumwe cyane ukekwaho icyaha ubuzima bwe busanzwe butazwi nimba yaranduye cyangwa se ari muzima. Igihe cyo kwivuza gikunze kuba ibyumweru bine kandi bikunze kuba bifitanye isano n'ingaruka zizahaza uyikoresheje aho imiti ya "zidovudine" ikoreshwa, hafi 70% bagirwaho ingaruka yo kugira isesemi (24%), umunaniro (22%), guhangayika kumutima (13%) no kubabara umutwe (9%). === Kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana === Gahunda yo kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA zishobora kugabanya ibyaho byo kwandura ku kigereranyayo kiri hagati ya 92-99%. Ibi ahanini bikubiyemo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mugihe umubyeyi atwite na nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana no gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbura ibere umwana akagaburirwa hakoreshejwe insimbura bere nka bebelo aho kumwonsa. Iyo gahunda yo kwifashisha insimbura bere ishoboka, byoroshye kubigeraho, hari ingurane ndetse ari nta mabura kindi abikumira kandi kubigeraho bikaba byoroshye, umubyeyi usanganywe ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA agomba kwirinda byimazeyo konsa umwana we; ariko konsa umwana ni ibintu byingenzi muri ya mezi y'ibanze kugirango umwana abashe gukura neza iyo biri ngombwa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko umwana yonswa muri ayo mezi y'ibanze ni ngombwa ko umwana akomeza gufata imiti ya "prophylaxis" kugirango arindwe kwandura virusi itera SIDA ayanduzwa na nyina binyuze mu kumwonsa. Mu mwaka wa 2015, igihugu cya Cuba cyabaye icya mbere mu gukumira no kurinda umubyeyi kwanduza umwana virusi itera SIDA. === Urukingo === Kugeza ubu nta rukingo ruraboneka rwa virusi itera SIDA. Kugeza amagingo aya; urukingo rukiri mu igeragezwa ruhari rukoreshwa kandi rugaragaza ko rufite uburyo rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ni urwitwa "RV 144", rwavumbuwe mu mwaka wa 2009 ndetse rugaragaza ko rugabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugeza ku kigereranyo kingana na 30%, ibi bikaba bitera ibyiringiro byejo hazaza mu muryango wubushakashatsi bwo gukora urukingo rukora neza kurushaho. Haracyakorwa izindi nkingo zigerageza zishingiye ku rukingo rwa "RV 144" ndetse birakomeje. == Umuti/Ubuvuzi == Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari, nta rukingo rurinda virusi itera SIDA. Umuti uyivura uhari ni ugizwe n'imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART - highly active antiretroviral therapy) ufasha kurinda ko indwara ya SIDA yihuta gukura no gukomera cyane ikwirakwiza ubukana buzahaza umuburi/ubuzima. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010 abantu barenga miliyoni 6,6 bakiriye bene iyi miti mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiciriritse. Uyu muti ukubiyemo imiti ikumira ikanavura indwara z'ibyuririzi bya SIDA. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe, abarwayi babiri bari banduye virusi itera SIDA niba bamaze kuyikira burundu. Kwihutira gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu cyumweru cya mbere nyuma yo kwisuzumisha bigaragaza ko bitanga amahirwe menshi n'icyizere cyiza mu kuyivura yaba mu bantu barangwa n'ubukene nabafite ubuzima buciriritse. === Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA === [[File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stribild_bottle_Dutch_labeling.jpg|alt=A white prescription bottle with the label Stribild. Next to it are ten green oblong pills with the marking 1 on one side and GSI on the other.|thumb|''[[:en:Stribild|Stribild]]'' – niyo ikunzwe gukoreshwa buri munsi nka "ART regime" igizwe na [[:en:Elvitegravir|elvitegravir]], [[:en:Emtricitabine|emtricitabine]], [[:en:Tenofovir|tenofovir]] nifasha gutera imbaraga umubiri [[:en:Cobicistat|cobicistat]]]] Imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa (HAART) ifatwa mu buryo bwo kuyivanga/gukomatanya bikunze kwitwa "cocktails" bukubiyemo imiti igera ku moko atatu iri mu byiciro bibiri by'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi "antiretroviral agents". Mu ikubitir ryo kuvura habanza gukoreshwa uburyo bwa "non-nucleoside revers transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)" hiyongereyeho ubundi buryo bubiri bwa "nucleoside analog analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs)". NRTI zisanzwe zirimo: imiti ya zidovudine (AZT) cyangwa tenofovir (TDF) na lamivudine (3TC) cyangwa emtricitabine (FTC). Uhereye muri 2019, dolutegravir / lamivudine / tenofovir yashyizwe ku rutonde n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi nk’umurongo wa mbere uvura abantu bakuru, hamwe na tenofovir / lamivudine / efavirenz mu bundi buryo bwakwifashisha kuvura abantu bakuru. Gukomatanya imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka "protease inhibitor (PI)" bikoreshwa mu gihe imiti ifatwa mu buryo buvuzwe haruguru bitarimo gutanga umusaruro mwiza ufatika ku murwayi wanduye. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika batanga amabwiriza ashishikariza abantu gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (harimo n'abagore batwite) bakayitangira kuyifata byihuse bakimara gupimwa, hatitawe ku mubare wabasirikare barinda umubiri "CD4 count". Iyo uwanduye atangiye gufata imiti ni byiza ko yirinda kuyihagarika cyangwa kurambirwa kuyifata. Abantu benshi bapimwa bagasanga baranduye bikunze kubaho byaratinze gutangira imiti kubera kwipimisha bakererewe. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwivuza ni uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bukoresha "Plasma HIV-RNA count" ibara munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL. Ikigero gifatirwaho kumenya nimba ubuvuzi bwa virusi itera SIDA burimo gukora neza bupimwa mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bigera kuri bine (4) igisubizo cyaza kiri munsi ya kopi 50 kuri buri mL hakurikiraho gufata ibizamini buri mezi atatu cyangwa atandatu kandi ibyo biba bihagije. Igenzura ridahagije rifatwa ko za "plasma HIV-RNA count" rirenze kopi 400 kuri buri mL. Ukurikije ibi bipimo mu kuvura virusi itera SIDA bitanga icyizere mu kurwanya ubukana bwa bwayo mubantu barenga 95% mumwaka wambere wo kwisuzumisha no kwivuza. Inyungu zo kwivuza zirimo kugabanuka kw'ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri kuburyo bitagera aho bizahaza ubuzima ku kigero cyo kubura ubudahangarwa mu mubiri ari nacyo cyiciro byitwa ko umuntu arwaye SIDA ndetse no kugabanya ibyaho byo gupfa vuba. Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, abantu bavurwa mu buryo bwiza kandi hakiri kare bibatera kugira ubuzima buhagaze neza bw'umubiri no mu mitekerereze. Muzindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza hakiri kare; bigabanya 70% by'ibyago byo kwandura igituntu ku banduye virusi itera SIDA. Izindi nyungu ziri mu kwivuza no gutangira imiti kare; bigabanya ibyaho byo kwanduza abaryamana n'uwanduye n'ibyago by'uko umubyeyi yakwanduza umwana atwite cyangwa mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa ku mwonsa. Kugirango umurwayi arusheho kumererwa neza biterwa n'uburyo yiha gahunda yo gufata imiti bijyanye n'imyifatire ye agomba guhindura mu mabwiriza ahabwa na muganga. Zimwe mu mpamvu zituma hatubahirizwa gahunda zo gufata imiti neza kandi ku gihe harimo; kubura uburyo bwo guhabwa imiti n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi/ubuzima, kubura gahunda zirimo gufasha abarwayi kwiyakira no kubaganiriza, uburwayi bw'imitekerereze no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Amoko atandukanye y'ubuvuzi n'umubare mwinshi w'imiti ifatwa igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ingaruka zo kubikoresha nabyo biri mu bintu bituma abanduye bacika intege zo kubahiriza no gukomeza gufata imiti ku gihe. Hamwe n'uko igiciro cy'iyo miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA byabigiramo uruhare, 47% byabari bakeneye iyo miti bayibonaga kandi baturuka mu bantu babayeho mu bihugu bikennye n'ibiri mu buzima buciriritse mu mwaka wa 2010 ndetse ubwitabire bwo gufata imiti usanga bungana yaba mu bihugu bikennye ndetse n'ibihugu byateye imbere. Hari ingaruka ziterwa no gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka harimo: umubiri kunanirwa gukora uturema ngingo dutuma umubiri ugira amavuta ahagije "lipodystrophy Syndrome", dyslipidemia, na diabete ifata urwagashya, cyane kubakoresha "protease inhibitor". Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo impiswi, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’indwara zifata umutima. Ubuvuzi bushya bugezweho buzwiho ingaruka nke kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Imiti imwe n'imwe irashobora kuba ifitanye isano no gutera ubumuga buvukanwa bityo bikaba bidakwiriye abagore bateganya kubyara kuba bayikoresha. Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ihabwa abana bakiri bato itandukanye nihabwa abantu bakuze. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rishishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’imyaka itanu; abana bari hejuru yimyaka itanu bavurwa kimwe nkabantu bakuru. Amabwiriza ya Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika ashishikariza kuvura abana bose bari munsi y’amezi 12 na buri wese ufite ibipimo bya "HIV RNA" bingana na 100.000 / mL ufite imyaka iri hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka itanu. Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EMA) cyasabye ko habaho uruhushya rwo kwamamaza ku miti ibiri mishya igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA (ARV), rilpivirine (Rekambys) na cabotegravir (Vocabria), kugira ngo ikoreshwe hamwe mu kuvura abantu bafite virusi itera SIDA yo mu bwoko bwa (HIV -1). Ubu bwoko bw'iyi iti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA nibwo bwa mbere buje mu buvuzi bwigihe kirekire hifashishwa gutera inshinge. Ibi bivuze ko aho kuba ibinini bya buri munsi, abantu batera inshinge wezi cyangwa buri mezi abiri. Gukomatanya inshinge za Rekambys na Vocabria bigamije kubungabunga ubuvuzi ku babantu bakuru bafite virusi itera SIDA itagaragara mumaraso (ubwinshi bwa virusi itera SIDA bugaragara ku gipimo cya kopi 50 / ml) babifatanyije hamwe nubuvuzi bwabo bwa ARV, kandi mugihe virusi itigeze itera imbaraga zo kurwanya icyiciro runaka cy'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA yitwa "non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) na integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INI). === Indwara z'ibyuririzi === Ingamba zo gukumira indwara z'ibyuririzi ziratanga icyizere mu bantu benshi banduye virusi itera SIDA. Usibye kunoza indwara zubu, ubuvuzi hifashishijwe gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA biri mubigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'ibyuririzi. Abakuze ndetse n'urubyiruko babana na virusi itera SIDA (ndetse no kubafata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA) kabone no ku batagaragara ko banduye igituntu cyangwa a ashobora kuba bafite umutwaro wo kuba baranduye igituntu bagomba gufata ubuvuzi bwa "isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT); bagakorerwa ikizamini cyuruhu gipima igituntu kugirango harebwe nimba hakenewe guhabwa ubuvuzi bwa IPT. Inkingo z'indwara z'umwijima za hepatitis A na B zishishikarizwa guhabwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA mbere ko bagira ibyago byo kwandura bene izo ndwara z'umwijima. Gukoresha imiti y'ubwoko bwa Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis bana bakivuka bari hagati yibyumweru bine na bitandatu byamavuko, no guhagarika konsa abana bavutse kubabyeyi banduye virusi itera SIDA, birashishikarizwa cyane ku badafite amikoro ahagije. Birashishikarijwe gukumira PCP mugihe abasirikare barinda umubiri ba CD4 babarwa ku gipimo kiri munsi ya 200 / uL no mubasanganywe PCP cyangwa abigeze kuyirwara. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa mu mubiri "immunosuppression" buhagije bashishikarizwa gufata imiti ya toxoplasmose na MAC. Ingamba zikwiye zo gukumira zagabanije umuvuduko w’izi ndwara ku kigero cya 50% hagati ya 1992 na 1997. Urukingo rw’ibicurane n’urukingo rwa pneumococcal polysaccharide rukunze gusabwa ku bantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bifite ingaruka nziza zigaragaza ku buzima bwabo iyo bayifashe. === Indyo === Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatanze ibyifuzo bijyanye n'intungamubiri zikenewe ku bamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Muri rusange indyo yuzuye ni nayo ishishikarizwa abanduye virusi itera SIDA. Gufata indyo yuzuye ifite intunga mubiri zihagije kurwego rwa RDA ku bantu bakuru banduye virusi itera SIDA ni inama nziza itangwa n'ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS); gufata cyane vitamine A, zinc, na iron bigira ingaruka zitari nziza ku buzima bwabamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA kubantu bakuze nta nubwo ari byiza keretse niba hari ibigaragaza ko byagabanutse mu mubiri. Gufata indyo z'inyongera "diatary supplmentation" yuzuye kubantu banduye virusi itera SIDA kandi bafite imirire idahagije cyangwa indyo idahagije bifasha gushimangira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa kubafasha gukira indwara zimwe na zimwe; icyakora, ibimenyetso byerekana inyungu rusange muburwayi cyangwa kugabanya impfu zabazira indwara ya SIDA ntabwo bifitiwe ubushakashatsi kuri byo. Hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza inyungu k'ubuzima bwamaze kwandura visuri itera SIDA iyo bafashe indyo y'inyongera irimo intungamubiri ya "selenium". Ku bagore batwite n'abonsa banduye virusi itera SIDA, indyo z'inyongera zirimo amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine byongera umusaruro ku buzima bwiza ku babyeyi ndetse n'abana. Niba umubyeyi utwite cyangwa wonsa yagiriwe inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA kugira ngo yirinde kwanduza virusi itera SIDA umwana atwite/yonsa, gufata amoko atandukanye ya za vitamine ntizigomba gusimbuzwa ubwo buvuzi. Hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byerekana ko abana bato banduye virusi itera SIDA bafata indyo y'inyongera irimo vitamine A igabanya impfu ndetse ikongerera gukura neza. Muri Leta z'unze ubumwe z'Amerika, abagera kuri 60% banduye virusi itera SIDA bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ubuvuzi bwuzuzanya cyangwa ubundi buryo bw'inyongera, imikoreshereze yayo ntabwo ifitiwe ubushakashatsi bw'imbitse bwemeza imikorere yayo neza. Nta bimenyetso bihagije byemeza ikoreshwa ry'imiti gakondo cyangwa imiti ikomoka ku bimera. Nta bimenyetso bihagije bihari bishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'urumogi mu gutera ubushake bwo kurya no kubyibuha k'umubiri. Virusi itera SIDA yamaze kuba indwara karande idakira aho kuba indwara ikomeye mu bice byinshi mu Isi. Kumenyekanisha biratandukanye hagati yabantu, kandi CD4 ibara hamwe numutwaro wa virusi ni ingirakamaro kubisubizo byavuzwe. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura virusi itera sida bivugwa ko iri hagati yimyaka 9 na 11, bitewe na virusi ya sida. Nyuma yo gusuzuma sida, niba ubuvuzi budahari, kubaho kubaho hagati y'amezi 6 na 19. HAART no kwirinda indwara zanduye zigabanya umuvuduko w'urupfu ku kigero cya 80%, kandi bizamura igihe cyo kubaho ku musore ukiri muto umaze gupimwa kugeza ku myaka 20-50. Ibi biri hagati ya bibiri bya gatatu kandi hafi yabaturage muri rusange. Niba kuvura byatangiye bitinze kwandura, prognoz ntabwo ari nziza: kurugero, niba ubuvuzi bwatangiye nyuma yo gusuzuma sida, icyizere cyo kubaho ni imyaka 10-40. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'abana bavutse banduye virusi itera sida bapfa mbere yimyaka ibiri batavuwe. {{Image frame|width=520<!-- Must be kept at this size at this point (December 2017) -->|content={{Global Heat Maps by Year| title=| table=HIV rates.tab| column=HIV_rate| columnName=Percent of people with HIV/AIDS| year=2017}}|caption=Percentage of people with HIV/AIDS.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |last1=Roser |first1=Max |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |title=HIV / AIDS |url=https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids |journal=Our World in Data |accessdate=October 4, 2019 |date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004044032/https://ourworldindata.org/hiv-aids |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>|align=right}} * [[Category:SIDA]] ng8tvankm4db9j8gg3puy7qpqy6a9gh 10 8612 73982 2020-11-25T18:38:48Z Sivenirwa 9347 infobox medical condition ya EN Wikipedia, need String2 + Check for missing parameters modules wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox | abovestyle = background:#ccc | above = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{{name}}} or <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></noinclude> | headerstyle = background:#eee;<!-- not used in this template, set same as sister template just in case --> | label1 = Other names | data1 = {{{synonym|}}}{{{synonyms|}}} | data5 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt|}}}|thumbtime={{{image_thumbtime|}}}}} | data6 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}} }} | label7 = Pronunciation | data7 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronunciation|}}}{{{pronounce comment|}}} |<!-- -->{{ubl|1={{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronunciation|}}}{{{pronounce ref|}}}&#x20;{{{pronounce comment|}}}<!-- -->|2={{{pronounce 2|}}} }}}} | label10 = [[Specialty (medicine)|Specialty]] | data10 = {{#invoke:String2 |ucfirst | {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1995 |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|ALL}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |{{{field|}}}{{{specialty|}}}{{{speciality|}}} }} }} | label12 = Symptoms | data12 = {{{symptoms|}}} | label13 = [[Complication (medicine)|Complications]] | data13 = {{{complications|}}} | label14 = Usual onset | data14 = {{{onset|}}} | label15 = Duration | data15 = {{{duration|}}} | label16 = Types | data16 = {{{types|}}} | label17 = Causes | data17 = {{{causes|{{{cause|}}}}}} | label18 = [[Risk factor]]s | data18 = {{{risks|{{{risk|}}}}}} | label19 = [[Diagnostic method]] | data19 = {{{diagnosis|}}} | label20 = [[Differential diagnosis]] | data20 = {{{differential|{{{differential diagnosis|{{{diff|}}}}}}}}} | label21 = Prevention | data21 = {{{prevention|}}} | label22 = {{#if:{{{treatment|}}}|Treatment|Management}} | data22 = {{{treatment|{{{management|}}}}}} | label23 = Medication | data23 = {{{medication|}}} | label24 = Prognosis | data24 = {{{prognosis|}}} | label25 = Frequency | data25 = {{{frequency|{{#invoke:PrevalenceData|main}}}}} | label26 = Deaths | data26 = {{{deaths|}}} }}<!-- end of infobox -->{{main other|1={{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |pageId}}||_do_categorise}}{{#if:{{{QID|}}}|_do_categorise}}|[[Category:Medical condition not in Wikidata|=]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox medical condition with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox medical condition]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | caption | cause | causes | complications | deaths | diagnosis | diff | differential | differential diagnosis | duration | fetchwikidata | field | frequency | image | image_size | image_thumbtime | management | medication | name | onlysourced | onset | prevention | prognosis | pronounce | pronounce 2 | pronounce comment | pronounce ref | pronunciation | QID | risk | risks | speciality | specialty | symptoms | synonym | synonyms | treatment | types | width }}<!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation}} <templatedata> { "params": { "name": {}, "synonym": {}, "synonyms": {}, "image": {}, "image_size": {}, "width": {}, "alt": {}, "image_thumbtime": {}, "caption": {}, "pronounce": {}, "pronunciation": {}, "pronounce comment": {}, "pronounce ref": {}, "pronounce 2": {}, "fetchwikidata": {}, "onlysourced": {}, "field": {}, "specialty": {}, "speciality": {}, "symptoms": {}, "complications": {}, "onset": {}, "duration": {}, "types": {}, "causes": {}, "cause": {}, "risks": {}, "risk": {}, "diagnosis": {}, "differential": {}, "differential diagnosis": {}, "diff": {}, "prevention": {}, "treatment": {}, "management": {}, "medication": {}, "prognosis": {}, "frequency": {}, "deaths": {}, "QID": {} }, "description": "Koresha iyi shusho kubuntu kuburwayi ubwo aribwo bwose. Imikoreshereze yacyo ntabwo igarukira gusa ku ndwara. Nyamuneka tekereza kongeramo {resources ibikoresho byubuvuzi}} icyitegererezo icyarimwe." } </templatedata></noinclude> rp7m5ndmwi7b7iw8okwct17p4l95h08 828 8613 84349 73984 2022-05-19T09:54:01Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:Check for unknown parameters Scribunto text/plain -- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- not on the list local p = {} local function trim(s) return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match('%S') end local function clean(text) -- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long. -- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext. local pos, truncated local function truncate(text) if truncated then return '' end if mw.ustring.len(text) > 25 then truncated = true text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...' end return mw.text.nowiki(text) end local parts = {} for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do pos = remainder table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '&lt;' .. tag .. '&gt;...&lt;/' .. tag .. '&gt;') end table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1))) return table.concat(parts) end function p._check(args, pargs) if type(args) ~= "table" or type(pargs) ~= "table" then -- TODO: error handling return end -- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string local knownargs = {} local regexps = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then v = trim(v) knownargs[v] = 1 elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$') end end -- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank']) local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional']) local values = {} for k, v in pairs(pargs) do if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, clean(k)) end elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v)) end end end -- add results to the output tables local res = {} if #values > 0 then local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, ' if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( "{{REVISIONID}}" ) == "" then local preview_text = args['preview'] if isnotempty(preview_text) then preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text}) elseif preview == nil then preview_text = unknown_text end unknown_text = preview_text end for _, v in pairs(values) do -- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and -- breaks category links if v == '' then v = ' ' end -- avoid error with v = 'example%2' ("invalid capture index") local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v}) table.insert(res, r) end end return table.concat(res) end function p.check(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args return p._check(args, pargs) end return p h9rooqvu67gk81cpbiswol48lpmwmym 0 8614 81256 76339 2021-12-16T15:21:30Z Rui Gabriel Correia 10452 Undo revision 76339 by [[Special:Contributions/Cedecejj|Cedecejj]] ([[User talk:Cedecejj|talk]]) Doesn't work that way wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noël Hitimana''' (Imyaka icumi 1950, Nyamirambo-yapfuye mbere ya 2002, Rwanda) yari umunyamakuru w’u Rwanda , akaba n'umunyamakuru ( ''animateur'' ) wa radiyo [[Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines]] (RTLM), kikaba cyari uburyo bw’ingenzi mu guteza imbere itotezwa ry’abatutsi n’[[Abahutu]] bashyira mu gaciro mu gihe Jenoside yo mu Rwanda . Kimwe n'izindi sitasiyo kuri sitasiyo, Hitimana yateje urugomo abaturage b'[[abatutsi]] ku kirere. [[Dosiye:Noel_Hitimana_(hatemonguer).png|thumb|271x271px|Noel Hitimana (hatemonguer)]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Noël (Noheli) Hitimana |- | colspan="3" | |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |1950s Nyamirambo,[[Rwanda]] |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |cyangwa mbere ya 2002 Muri gereza imwe yo mu [[Rwanda]] |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Indwara |- !ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Umunyamakuru wa Radio numunyamakuru |- !Umukoresha | colspan="2" |Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yinshinjabyaha |- !Ikirego cy'inshinjabyaha | colspan="2" |Jenoside |- !Ibyaha | colspan="2" |Bavuga ko bapfuye mu Rwanda |- | colspan="3" |[hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} Mbere yo gukora muri RTLM, Hitimana yakoraga kuri Radiyo Rwanda iyobowe na Leta ndetse n’ikigo ''cy’itumanaho n’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda'' mu mpera za za 70 ndetse no mu ntangiriro ya za 90. Muri icyo gihe, yamenyekanye cyane kubera indamutso yaturutse bisanzwe mu turere dutandukanye no mumijyi yu Rwanda mu masaha ya mugitondo, mugihe abahinzi babyutse bajya gukora mumirima. Iki gice cyamamaza cyashimangiye akamaro ko gukora cyane, abaturage ndetse n’ibitekerezo byo gukunda igihugu by’ishyaka ryonyine ryemewe n'amategeko kandi riri ku butegetsi, Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere (MRND). Bavuga ko ari inzogaHitimana yirukanwe kuri Radiyo Rwanda, nyuma yo gutuka umunyagitugu w’u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana , mu kiganiro cyahise asinze. Bitewe no kuba yaramamaye ku rwego rw'igihugu, Hitimana yari umwe mu ba ''animateurs ba'' mbere bahawe akazi na RTLM, nyuma yo gushingwa ku ya 8 Mata 1993.  imyitozo yo gusuhuza imijyi n'abayituye. Igihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye , ku itariki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Hitimana ryahinduwe ngeso gutanga ahantu nyayo amazina bivugwa ibyitso Rwandan Patriotic Front , gushishikariza ihohoterwa ndetse kwica abantu, na amatsinda nka Impuzamugambi hamwe ninterahamwe za Interahamwe . Ibice bya Hitimana bikubiyemo 5% byamakuru yose ya RTLM. Ku ya 17 Mata 1994, igisasu cyaturikiye muri imwe muri sitidiyo ya RTLM, gikomeretsa bikomeye Hitimana. Nyuma y’igitero, byabaye ngombwa ko acibwa ukuguru, maze ahatirwa guhagarika gukorera RTLM.  Hitimana ni abwira vyagiye muri gereza mu 2002, cyangwa wenda imbere mwaka. == Reba == # ↑ <sup>'''''a b c d e'''''</sup> Li, Darryl (2004). "Urusaku rw'ihohoterwa: Ibitekerezo kuri radiyo na jenoside mu Rwanda." . ''Ikinyamakuru cy'ubushakashatsi bwa Jenoside'' '''6''' (1): 25. <small>doi : 10.1080 / 1462352042000194683</small> . Yakuweho 19 Werurwe 2013 . # ^ <sup>'''''A b'''''</sup> FH (27 Gashyantare 2002). «https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/hirondelle-news.html<nowiki/>» . ''Ikigo cya Hirondelle'' . Yakuwe ku ya 22 Werurwe 2013 . # ^ <sup>'''''A b c'''''</sup> Thompson, Allan (Iv.) (2007). https://www.idrc.ca/en/book/media-and-rwanda-genocide?PublicationID=131 . Yakuweho 19 Werurwe 2013 . # ^ Impamba, Cassandra (2007). " ' Aho Radio ari Umwami': Radiyo Yanga u Rwanda n'amasomo twize." . ''Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi bwa Atlantike'' : 4-11 . Yakuwe ku ya 17 Werurwe 2013 . fisl9j6rdbfpyjkrfk0375kxepq9z5s 0 8615 79200 79198 2021-08-31T12:14:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease|name=Froduald Karamira|image=Froduald Karamira ex-Tutsi.jpg|caption=230px}} [[Dosiye:Flag of the MRND.jpg|thumb|MRND]] '''Froduald Karamira''' (14 Kanama 1947 - 24 [[Mata]] 1998) yari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda wahamwe n'ibyaha byo gutegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994. Yakatiwe urwo gupfa n'urukiko rwo mu Rwanda kandi yari umwe mu bantu 24 ba nyuma bishwe n'u Rwanda. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Froduald Karamira |- | colspan="2" | |- |Ivuka |Ya 14 Kanama mu 1947 Gitarama |- |Urupfu |Mata 24 ya 1998  (imyaka 50) Nyamirambo, [[Kigali]] |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Amoko |Abatutsi |- |Umwuga |politiki |- |Impamvu y'urupfu |kurasa |- | colspan="2" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469489 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} == Ubuzima == [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda]] Karamira yavukiye i Mushubati, mu Rwanda, avukira mu muryango w'abatutsi. Akuze, Karamira yemerewe kuba Umuhutu akurikiza imigenzo imwe n'imwe yo mu Rwanda yemerera "guhinduka" kuva mu itsinda ujya mu rindi. Karamira yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w’ishyaka rya MDR kandi yari umuyobozi mu mutwe w’intagondwa z’ishyaka, uzwi ku izina rya "Hutu Power". Ku ya 23 Ukwakira 1993, Karamira yagejeje ijambo ku mugaragaro aho yahimbye igitekerezo cy ' '''"ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu''' . '''"''' Yahamagariye abaturage b'Abahutu "guhaguruka no gufata ingamba zikenewe", kandi "dushakishe muri twe umwanzi uri muri twe." === Urubanza rwa jenoside no kwicwa nyuma === Su juicio comenzó el 13 de enero de 1997 en Kigali. Además de sus discursos diarios que incitaron al genocidio, se afirmó que él fue instrumental en la creación y armamento de las milicias de Interahamwe ; También fue acusado de ser personalmente responsable del asesinato de cientos de tutsis, incluidos 13 miembros de su propia familia. Ku ya 14 Gashyantare 1997, Karamira yahamijwe ibyaha byose akatirwa urwo gupfa. Yajuririye mu rukiko rw'ubujurire rwa Kigali, ariko ubujurire bwaranze kandi igihano cye gishimangirwa ku ya 12 Nzeri 1997. Ku ya 24 Mata 1998, mu birori byabereye kuri sitade Nyamirambo i Kigali , Karamira yiciwe n'itsinda ry'itsinda kwicwa hamwe n'abandi bantu 21 bakatiwe. uruhare muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Kuri uwo munsi, byibuze abandi bantu babiri na bo biciwe ahandi mu Rwanda. 3ytku3p8kzp3nw3ku6fsmecn4tjchq3 0 8616 79373 76104 2021-09-08T20:02:39Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the MRND.jpg|alt=Ihuriro ry'igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere|thumb]] '''Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere''' (Igifaransa: ''Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement'' , '''MRND''' ) ryari ishyaka rya politiki ryategekaga u Rwanda kuva 1975 kugeza 1994 ku butegetsi bwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. Yiganjemo Abahutu , cyane cyane bo mu karere kavukire ka Perezida Habyarimana mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda. Iri shyaka ryashinzwe mu 1975 nk’umuryango w’igihugu uharanira impinduramatwara mu iterambere ( Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement ). Itsinda ry’indashyikirwa ry’abayoboke b’ishyaka rya MRND bari bazwiho kugira uruhare kuri Perezida n’umugore we - ndetse n’inshingano zo gutegura igenamigambiJenoside yo mu Rwanda - izwi nka akazu . [[Dosiye:Juvénal_Habyarimana_(Andrews_Air_Force_Base,_Maryland,_USA_-_1980).jpg|thumb|Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana washinze ishyaka rya Politiki]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le dévelopement |- !Perezida |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Uwashinze |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Yashinzwe |1974 |- !Kumeneka |1994 |- !Byatsinzwe na |Ingabo zo Kurengera Demokarasi <small>(ntabwo ari umusimbura mu by'amategeko)</small> |- !Icyicaro gikuru |Kigali , Rwanda |- !Ikinyamakuru |''Kangura''Hutu Radiyo <small>(Radio)</small> |- !Ibaba ry'urubyiruko |''[[Interahamwe]]'' |- !Ingengabitekerezo |Ultranationalism Abahutu Imbaraga Zabaturage |- !Umwanya wa politiki |Iburyo-iburyo |- !Kwishyira hamwe |''Nta na kimwe'' |- !Amabara | Umukara |- | colspan="2" | * Politiki yo mu Rwanda * Amashyaka ya politiki * Amatora |} Kuva mu 1975 kugeza 1991, MRND ni ryo shyaka ryonyine ryemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu. Habyarimana yavuzwe ko ashyira mu gaciro  nubwo bivugwa ko ishyaka ryakoresheje uburyo bwo kwamamaza iburyo  , ryateje imbere gahunda ya politiki y’aba conservateur  kandi ryarwanyaga abakomunisiti .Ishyaka ryari rifite inzego z’inzego zahuzaga inzego za guverinoma kuri buri rwego, kugeza ku murenge no mu kagari. Habyarimana yari perezida w’ishyaka, kandi nkuwo ni we mukandida wenyine wabaye perezida wa repubulika. Icyakora, mu bwumvikane buke kuri demokarasi, abatora bashyikirijwe abakandida babiri ba MRND mu matora y’Inteko ishinga amategeko. Izina ry’ishyaka ryahinduwe nyuma y’amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yemerewe n'amategeko mu 1991. Nyuma y’igitero cya FPR mu 1990, abanyamuryango ba MRND bakoze ikinyamakuru ''Kangura'' . Ibaba ry’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka, ''interahamwe'' , nyuma yaje gukura mu mutwe w’abasirikare wagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu 1994. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Habyarimana muri Mata 1994, abayoboke b'ishyaka bari mu bubatsi bakuru ba [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]. U Rwanda rumaze kwigarurirwa na mukeba w’abatutsi wiganjemo abatutsi b’abanyarwanda bayobowe na [[Paul Kagame]], MRND yirukanwe ku butegetsi kandi biremewe. Ihuriro ry’ingabo zishinzwe kurengera Repubulika , ryagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda, ryari umutwe utoroshye wa MRND wabaye ishyaka ryihariye. fm0kpc9ga618hn9c5gudpu2yw3lia9w 0 8617 83066 82467 2022-05-07T04:53:04Z BevoLJ 10818 [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] -> [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agathe Uwilingiyimana''' (23 Gicurasi 1953 - 6 [[Mata]] 1994) yari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993 kugeza apfuye ku ya 7 Mata 1994. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Agathe Uwilingiyimana |- | colspan="3" |[[Dosiye:Uwiringiyimana Agathe.png|thumb]] |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Nka maypole 23 nka 1953 Butare (Rwanda) |- !Urupfu | colspan="2" |Nk'uko Mata 7 nk'uko 1994 (imyaka 40) Kigali (Rwanda) |- !Impamvu y'urupfu | colspan="2" |Zavugiye uruguma maze kwica |- !Imva | colspan="2" |Irimbi ry'Intwari (Rwanda) |- !ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |Rwanda |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Gatolika |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi |- ! colspan="3" |Umuryango |- !Uwo mwashakanye | colspan="2" |Ignace Barahira  <small>(1976-1994)</small> |- !Abahungu | colspan="2" |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Uburezi |- !Yize muri | colspan="2" |Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Politics na mwarimu |- !Agace | colspan="2" |Imibare |- !Imyanya myinshi | colspan="2" |Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda  <small>(1993-1994)</small> |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243047 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata ] |} Umunyamuryango w’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi riharanira demokarasi (MRD), yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1993, abaye umugore wa mbere (kandi kugeza ubu, wenyine) wabonye uwo mwanya. Mu nshingano ze nk'umuyobozi wa guverinoma, yitabiriye, hamwe na guverinoma ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana , mu mishyikirano yagiranye n’umutwe w’igihugu ukunda igihugu (FPR), inyeshyamba ziyobowe n’abatutsi . Ibiganiro byatumye hashyirwaho umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha muri Kanama 1993, arangiza by'agateganyo intambara yo mu Rwanda . Ku ya 7 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yiciwe nyuma yuko abantu batamenyekanye barashe indege yari imutwaye. Ubwicanyi bwateje urugomo mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, Kigali. Nyuma y'amasaha make, ingabo zizerwa na Habyarimana zahanganye na Uwilingiyimana n'ingabo mpuzamahanga zaturutse mu butumwa bw'umuryango w’abibumbye bufasha u Rwanda (UNAMIR). Minisitiri w’intebe yiciwe, mu gihe abasirikare icumi b’Ababiligi bakorewe iyicarubozo kandi baricwa (abasirikare batanu bo muri Gana bo muri UNAMIR bararekuwe). Ibyabaye ku ya 7 Mata byaje gukurura jenoside yo mu Rwanda , ihitana Abanyarwanda bari hagati ya 500.000 na miliyoni 2. [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagore]] tun8lmbp9hvkhtzanmglplgps3v70r2 0 8621 79268 75271 2021-08-31T20:44:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Rwanda]] Amazina yimirenge mu rwanda ingana : 417 mu gihugu hose l3ts79kqzjjat4i1wzj4axff51bf589 0 8622 78002 77204 2021-08-20T01:41:13Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mugitaramo Nyarwanda bifashishaga inanga.jpg|thumb|354x354px|Inanga kimwe mu bikoresho by'umuziki]] {{Infobox performing art|name=Music|image=François Boucher, Allegory of Music, 1764, NGA 32680.jpg|caption=''Allegory of Music'', by [[François Boucher]], 1764|medium=[[sound]], silence, time|types=[[Music genre|genres]]|ancestor=|descendant=|culture=various|era=[[Paleolithic]] era}}Umuziki nuburyo bwubuhanzi, nigikorwa cyumuco, uburyo bwacyo bukaba bwiza. Ubusobanuro rusange bwumuziki burimo ibintu bisanzwe nkibibanza (bigenga injyana nubwumvikane), injyana (hamwe nibisobanuro bifitanye isano na tempo, metero, na articulation), dinamike (ijwi ryinshi nubwitonzi), hamwe na sonic imico ya timbre nuburyo (aribyo rimwe na rimwe bita "ibara" ryijwi ryumuziki). Uburyo butandukanye cyangwa ubwoko bwumuziki bushobora gushimangira, de-gushimangira cyangwa gusiba bimwe muribi bintu. Umuziki ukorwa hamwe nibikoresho byinshi hamwe nubuhanga bwijwi kuva kuririmba kugeza kuririmba; hari ibice byigikoresho gusa, ibice byijwi gusa (nkindirimbo zidafite ibicurangisho byabigenewe) nibice bihuza kuririmba nibikoresho. Ijambo rikomoka mu kigereki μουσική (mousike; "ubuhanzi bwa Muses"). Reba inkoranyamagambo yamagambo yumuziki. Muburyo rusange busanzwe, ibikorwa bisobanura umuziki nkuburyo bwubuhanzi cyangwa ibikorwa byumuco harimo guhanga ibihangano byumuziki (indirimbo, injyana, simfoniya, nibindi), kunegura umuziki, kwiga amateka yumuziki, na isuzuma ryiza ryumuziki. Abafilozofe ba kera b'Abagereki n'Abahinde basobanuye umuziki mu bice bibiri: injyana, nk'ijwi ryateganijwe mu buryo butambitse, hamwe n'amajwi nk'ijwi ryateganijwe mu buryo buhagaritse. Amagambo akunze kuvugwa nka "ubwuzuzanye bw'inzego" na "ni umuziki ku matwi yanjye" yerekana igitekerezo cy'uko umuziki akenshi utegekwa kandi ushimishije kubyumva. Ariko, umuhimbyi wo mu kinyejana cya 20, John Cage yatekereje ko ijwi iryo ari ryo ryose rishobora kuba umuziki, avuga, urugero, "Nta rusaku, ijwi gusa." [[Dosiye:RwandaTradditional_music_instrument.jpg|thumb|Ibikoresho byakera by'umuziki byakoreshwaga mu Rwanda rwohambere.]] Kurema, imikorere, akamaro, ndetse nibisobanuro byumuziki biratandukanye ukurikije umuco n'imibereho. Nkako, mu mateka, uburyo bumwebumwe cyangwa uburyo bwa muzika bwanenzwe "kutaba umuziki", harimo na Quetet ya Grosse Fuge ya Beethoven mu 1825, jazz yo hambere mu ntangiriro ya za 1900 na pank ya hardcore mu myaka ya za 1980. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwumuziki, harimo umuziki uzwi cyane, umuziki gakondo, umuziki wubuhanzi, umuziki wanditswe mumihango y'idini n'indirimbo z'akazi nka chanteys. Umuziki utangirira ku bihimbano byateguwe neza - nka simfoni ya muzika ya kera kuva mu myaka ya za 1700 na 1800 - kugeza ku buryo bwihuse bwacuranzwe n'umuziki udasanzwe nka jazz, ndetse na avant-garde uburyo bw'umuziki ushingiye ku mahirwe yo mu kinyejana cya 20 na 21. [[Dosiye:Intore Dancer 01.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|Intore]] Umuziki urashobora kugabanywamo injyana (urugero, umuziki wigihugu) kandi injyana irashobora kugabanywa mubice (urugero, blues yigihugu na pop country ni bibiri mubice byinshi byigihugu), nubwo imirongo itandukanya nubusabane hagati yubwoko bwumuziki akenshi iba yoroheje, rimwe na rimwe ufunguye ibisobanuro byawe bwite, kandi rimwe na rimwe ntibivugwaho rumwe. Kurugero, birashobora kugorana gushushanya umurongo hagati yintangiriro ya za 1980 urutare rukomeye nicyuma kiremereye. Mubuhanzi, umuziki urashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkubuhanzi bukora, ubuhanzi bwiza cyangwa nkubuhanzi bwo kumva. Umuziki urashobora gucurangwa cyangwa kuririmbwa no kumvikana imbonankubone mugitaramo cya rock cyangwa igitaramo cya orchestre, ukumva imbonankubone nkigikorwa cyikinamico (kwerekana ikinamico yumuziki cyangwa opera), cyangwa gishobora gufatwa amajwi no kumva kuri radio, MP3 icuranga, CD umukinnyi, terefone cyangwa nkamanota ya firime cyangwa televiziyo. [[Dosiye:Rwandan Culture.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|intore]] Mu mico myinshi, umuziki nigice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabantu, kuko ugira uruhare runini mumihango y'idini, umuhango w'imihango yo gutambuka (urugero, impamyabumenyi nubukwe), ibikorwa byimibereho (urugero, kubyina) nibikorwa byumuco kuva mubyikunzi karaoke kuririmba gucuranga mumatsinda yikinamico cyangwa kuririmba muri korari yabaturage. Abantu barashobora gukora umuziki nkuwishimisha, nkumuyabaga ucuranga selo muri orchestre yurubyiruko, cyangwa gukora nkumucuranzi wabigize umwuga cyangwa umuririmbyi. Inganda zumuziki zirimo abantu bakora indirimbo nshya nibice bya muzika (nk'abanditsi b'indirimbo n'abayihimbye), abantu bakora umuziki (barimo orchestre, itsinda rya jazz hamwe n'abacuranzi ba rock band, abaririmbyi n'abayobora), abantu bandika umuziki (abatunganya umuziki na injeniyeri yijwi), abantu bategura ingendo zibitaramo, nabantu bagurisha amajwi, umuziki wimpapuro, n amanota kubakiriya. Ndetse iyo indirimbo cyangwa igice kimaze gukorwa, abanenga umuziki, abanyamakuru ba muzika, nintiti zumuziki barashobora gusuzuma no gusuzuma igice nigikorwa cyacyo. [[Category:Umuziki]] ft050a0fdgtmpbi8o9e0bjzc514wg4u 0 8623 79136 77013 2021-08-31T08:42:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A_Soldier_Pays_tribute_to_follen_heroes.jpg|thumb|'''Déogratias Nsabimana''' wahoze ari umusirikare w'u Rwanda (FAR) yahitanwe n'indege yuwahoze ari Perezida we '''Habyarimana Juvenal muri Mata 1994''']] [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|thumb]] '''Déogratias Nsabimana''' (23 Kanama 1945- yapfuye 6 Mata 1994)<ref>https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LXSL-9NZ/deogratias-nsabimana-1945-1994</ref> yahoze ari jenerali akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z’u [[Rwanda]](FAR). {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Déogratias Nsabimana |- !Kwiyemerera |Rwanda |- !Serivisi / ishami |Ingabo z’u Rwanda |- !Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- !Amabwiriza yafashwe |Umugaba mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda |- !Intambara / intambara |Jenoside yo mu Rwanda |- !Umubano |Interahamwe FDLR |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1270530 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} == Ubuzima == [[Dosiye:Rwandan_soldiers_singing_anti-AIDS_song.jpg|thumb|Ingabo z'u Rwanda ]] === Umwuga wa gisirikare === Mu Kwakira 1990, Urugaga rwo gukunda igihugu rw’u Rwanda (FPR), ingabo z’impunzi n’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda n’abatuye mu mahanga zambutse umupaka ziva muri Uganda maze zitera u Rwanda. Nsabimana yigaragaje cyane ku rugamba Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri Mata 1992, Nsabimana yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda. Muri uru ruhare, yashyigikiye iterambere ry’umutwe mushya w’abaparakomando. Nkumunyamuryango wa Network Zero (ishyirahamwe ryitumanaho ryabayobozi ba gisirikare na politiki), yafashije guhugura amakipe azapfa. Igihe hagaragaye ibimenyetso by’ubufatanye hagati y’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’interahamwe za Interahamwe , yavuze ko nta bumenyi yari afite kuri ubwo bufatanye. Ukuboza 1993, mu rwego rw’amasezerano ya Arusha , hashyizwe mu bikorwa amasezerano yo kugabana ubutegetsi, umutwe w’inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR) wabonye abasirikare bagera kuri 600 binjira i [[Kigali]]. Nsabimana yarwanyije Amasezerano ya Arusha . Umwaka wakurikiyeho, bivugwa ko Nsabimana yagize uruhare mu gusaba ububiko bwa [[Interahamwe]]. === Urupfu === Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Nsabimana ari kumwe na Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana bari batashye bavuye mu biganiro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru i Dar es Salaam ubwo indege yabo, Dassault Falcon 50 yagwaga na misile ebyiri zo mu kirere no mu kirere maze igwa hanze y’ikigo cya perezida i Kigali. ndege yari itwaye cumi bwato, harimo Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira w'u Burundi.<ref>http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dossiers/rwanda/r1271.asp#P3515_490312</ref> Perezida w’u Rwanda wakurikiyeho, [[Paul Kagame]], yagaragaje ko yemera ko Nsabimana yagambaniye [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Habyarimana]], kandi ko yamukurikiye i Dar es Salaam kugira ngo akurikiranwe. irsratswntvelzk6c5zv6qzhfby28da 0 8624 79525 79160 2021-10-18T17:37:00Z 217.113.250.48 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Enos Kagaba.jpg|thumb]] '''Enos Irigaba Kagaba''' (wavutse 1954)<ref>https://zgrwe4i2cubquaon3yvr5glbvu--www-france-rwanda-info.translate.goog/article-declaration-de-m-kagaba-enos-detenu-a-la-prison-centrale-de-kigali-86929037.html</ref> ni umucuruzi w’u Rwanda , mu 2001, yafatiwe ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Minneapolis-Saint Paul ubwo yageragezaga kwinjira muri Amerika. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Enos Kagaba |- | colspan="2" | |- !Yavutse |1954 (imyaka 65–66) Rwanda |- !Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- !Umwuga |umucuruzi |- | colspan="2" | |- !Kwemeza |Icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu |- !Igihano cy'inshinjabyaha |Igifungo cya burundu |- !Itariki yafashwe |Gashyantare 2001 |} == Ifatwa == Yabanje gushinjwa uburiganya no gushaka kwinjira mu gihugu bitwaje indangamuntu. Igihe Abinjira Irangizwa wa Gasutamo Human Rights kurenga no Safety Leta Unit (HRVPSU) yabaye azi ko u Rwanda yari yatanze mpuzamahanga rwo gufata Kagaba ibikorwa bya jenoside mu 1994 intambara mu Rwanda, Jenoside ashinjwa nabo yongeyeho. Hatanzwe icyemezo cyo gukuraho. [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Gereza ya Nyarugenge]] Nibwo bwambere bwabaye muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika itegeko ryo gukuraho ibirego bya jenoside . Amerika yakoresheje 18 USC §2340a kugirango ishyireho ububasha kuri Kagaba. Iri tegeko-bwirizwa ryahaye ububasha umuntu ukekwaho icyaha niba we: a) afite ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika CYANGWA b) ahari muri Amerika (tutitaye ko we cyangwa abahohotewe (abenegihugu) ari / bari abanyamerika). Enos Kagaba nyuma yo gukingirwa [[Coronavirusi|Koronavirusi]] yagize ati; Ati: "Uzi neza ko ku isi yose atari ibihugu byinshi bifite inkingo. Nubwo tuvuguruza amategeko, igihugu cyacu kiracyadutekereza kandi cyadushyize imbere mubakingiwe mbere. Ibi birerekana ko igihugu cyacu cyita kubuzima bwabahungu nabakobwa aho bari hose. Byaduhaye ibyiringiro n'ibyishimo ”.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/inmates-grateful-covid-19-vaccination-exercise-taken-prisons</ref> == Reba Amateka == {| class="wikitable" |} mt378yuhsal1ruxef65qlhvb01vdgnj 0 8625 79201 76494 2021-08-31T12:16:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kabuga.jpg|thumb|386x386px|KABUGA FELICIEN]] '''Félicien Kabuga''' ( 1 Werurwe mu 1933 -) ni rwiyemezamirimo yavutse mu Rwanda akaba aregwa na kimwe mu itsembabwoko bibi mu mateka, mu jenoside abantu barenga 800.000 mu Rwanda mu 1994.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191027015941/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/felicien-kabuga/</ref> Félicien Kabuga yamye ahakana ko atagize uruhara muri jenoside kandi akomeza gutangaza ko ari umwere. Yafatiwe i Paris ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2020 afite imyaka 84. Ikigaragara ni uko yabaga mu nkengero z'umurwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa mu ndangamuntu. [[Dosiye:Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1) - cropped.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|kigali genocide Memorial]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Félicien Kabuga |- |Ivuka |Ya 1 Werurwe mu 1933  (imyaka 87) Byumba |- |Gutura |Asnières-sur-Seine | |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Amoko |Abahutu |- |Umwuga |umucuruzi |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3092310 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} 5b19gygevwq1423dennd71u2m37chj9 828 8628 74157 2020-12-12T14:47:47Z Sivenirwa 9347 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:String2 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} p.upper = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") return string.upper(s) end p.lower = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") return string.lower(s) end p.sentence = function (frame ) frame.args[1] = string.lower(frame.args[1]) return p.ucfirst(frame) end p.ucfirst = function (frame ) local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local s1 = "" -- if it's a list chop off and (store as s1) everything up to the first <li> local lipos = mw.ustring.find(s, "<li>" ) if lipos then s1 = mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, lipos + 3) s = mw.ustring.sub(s, lipos + 4) end -- s1 is either "" or the first part of the list markup, so we can continue -- and prepend s1 to the returned string local letterpos if mw.ustring.find(s, "^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]") then -- this is a piped wikilink, so we capitalise the text, not the pipe local _ _, letterpos = mw.ustring.find(s, "|%A*%a") -- find the first letter after the pipe else letterpos = mw.ustring.find(s, '%a') end if letterpos then local first = mw.ustring.sub(s, 1, letterpos - 1) local letter = mw.ustring.sub(s, letterpos, letterpos) local rest = mw.ustring.sub(s, letterpos + 1) return s1 .. first .. mw.ustring.upper(letter) .. rest else return s1 .. s end end p.title = function (frame ) -- http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/rules-for-capitalization-in-titles.html -- recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual: -- "Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents, -- except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor." local alwayslower = {['a'] = 1, ['an'] = 1, ['the'] = 1, ['and'] = 1, ['but'] = 1, ['or'] = 1, ['for'] = 1, ['nor'] = 1, ['on'] = 1, ['in'] = 1, ['at'] = 1, ['to'] = 1, ['from'] = 1, ['by'] = 1, ['of'] = 1, ['up'] = 1 } local res = '' local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local words = mw.text.split( s, " ") for i, s in ipairs(words) do s = string.lower( s ) if( i > 1 and alwayslower[s] == 1) then -- leave in lowercase else s = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(s) end words[i] = s end return table.concat(words, " ") end -- findlast finds the last item in a list -- the first unnamed parameter is the list -- the second, optional unnamed parameter is the list separator (default = comma space) -- returns the whole list if separator not found p.findlast = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local sep = frame.args[2] or "" if sep == "" then sep = ", " end local pattern = ".*" .. sep .. "(.*)" a, b, last = s:find(pattern) if a then return last else return s end end -- stripZeros finds the first number and strips leading zeros (apart from units) -- e.g "0940" -> "940"; "Year: 0023" -> "Year: 23"; "00.12" -> "0.12" p.stripZeros = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") local n = tonumber( string.match( s, "%d+" ) ) or "" s = string.gsub( s, "%d+", n, 1 ) return s end -- nowiki ensures that a string of text is treated by the MediaWiki software as just a string -- it takes an unnamed parameter and trims whitespace, then removes any wikicode p.nowiki = function(frame) local str = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") return mw.text.nowiki(str) end -- posnq (position, no quotes) returns the numerical start position of the first occurrence -- of one piece of text ("match") inside another ("str"). -- It returns nil if no match is found, or if either parameter is blank. -- It takes the text to be searched in as the first unnamed parameter, which is trimmed. -- It takes the text to match as the second unnamed parameter, which is trimmed and -- any double quotes " are stripped out. p.posnq = function(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end local str = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.source or "") local match = mw.text.trim(args[2] or args.target or ""):gsub('"', '') if str == "" or match == "" then return nil end local plain = mw.text.trim(args[3] or args.plain or "") if plain == "false" then plain = false else plain = true end local nomatch = mw.text.trim(args[4] or args.nomatch or "") -- just take the start position local pos = mw.ustring.find(str, match, 1, plain) or nomatch return pos end -- split splits text at boundaries specified by separator -- and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1) -- #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false -- #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false -- if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true p.split = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = args[1] or args.txt or "" if txt == "" then return nil end local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or ""):gsub('"', '') local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1 local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or "true"):sub(1,1) plain = (plain ~= "f" and plain ~= "n" and plain ~= "0") local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain ) if idx < 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end return splittbl[idx] end -- val2percent scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each number it finds into a percentage and returns the resultant string. p.val2percent = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end local function v2p (x) x = (tonumber(x) or 0) * 100 if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end return x .. "%" end txt = txt:gsub("%d[%d%.]*", v2p) -- store just the string return txt end -- one2a scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each occurrence of 'one ' into either 'a ' or 'an ' and returns the resultant string. p.one2a = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end txt = txt:gsub(" one ", " a "):gsub("^one", "a"):gsub("One ", "A "):gsub("a ([aeiou])", "an %1"):gsub("A ([aeiou])", "An %1") return txt end -- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page -- First positional parameter or |text is the search text -- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page -- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search -- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil p._findpagetext = function(args) -- process parameters local nomatch = args.nomatch or "" if nomatch == "" then nomatch = nil end -- local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or "") if text == "" then return nil end -- local title = args.title or "" local titleobj if title == "" then titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() else titleobj = mw.title.new(title) end -- local plain = args.plain or "" if plain:sub(1, 1) == "f" then plain = false else plain = true end -- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch content = titleobj:getContent() return mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch -- returns multiple values end p.findpagetext = function(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end -- just the first value return (p._findpagetext(args)) end return p nphrmc7sai417sq8isfwwdoqxxdvc3p 828 8629 74158 2020-12-12T14:56:05Z Sivenirwa 9347 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikidataIB Scribunto text/plain -- Version: 2020-12-08 -- Module to implement use of a blacklist and whitelist for infobox fields -- Can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article -- if not supplied, it will use the Wikidata ID associated with the current page. -- Fields in blacklist are never to be displayed, i.e. module must return nil in all circumstances -- Fields in whitelist return local value if it exists or the Wikidata value otherwise -- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name -- The name is compulsory when blacklist or whitelist is used, -- so the module returns nil if it is not supplied. -- blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields (or |spf) -- whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata (or |fwd) local p = {} local cdate -- initialise as nil and only load _complex_date function if needed -- [[Module:Complex date]] is loaded lazily and has the following dependencies: -- Module:I18n/complex date, Module:ISOdate, Module:DateI18n (alternative for Module:Date), -- Module:Formatnum, Module:I18n/date, Module:Yesno, Module:Linguistic, Module:Calendar -- The following, taken from https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times, -- is needed to use Module:Complex date which seemingly requires date precision as a string. -- It would work better if only the authors of the mediawiki page could spell 'millennium'. local dp = { [6] = "millennium", [7] = "century", [8] = "decade", [9] = "year", [10] = "month", [11] = "day", } local i18n = { ["errors"] = { ["property-not-found"] = "Property not found.", ["No property supplied"] = "No property supplied", ["entity-not-found"] = "Wikidata entity not found.", ["unknown-claim-type"] = "Unknown claim type.", ["unknown-entity-type"] = "Unknown entity type.", ["qualifier-not-found"] = "Qualifier not found.", ["site-not-found"] = "Wikimedia project not found.", ["labels-not-found"] = "No labels found.", ["descriptions-not-found"] = "No descriptions found.", ["aliases-not-found"] = "No aliases found.", ["unknown-datetime-format"] = "Unknown datetime format.", ["local-article-not-found"] = "Article is available on Wikidata, but not on Wikipedia", ["dab-page"] = " (dab)", }, ["months"] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" }, ["century"] = "century", ["BC"] = "BC", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["ordinal"] = { [1] = "st", [2] = "nd", [3] = "rd", ["default"] = "th" }, ["filespace"] = "File", ["Unknown"] = "Unknown", ["NaN"] = "Not a number", -- set the following to the name of a tracking category, -- e.g. "[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]", or "" to disable: ["missinginfocat"] = "[[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]]", ["editonwikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata", ["latestdatequalifier"] = function (date) return "before " .. date end, -- some languages, e.g. Bosnian use a period as a suffix after each number in a date ["datenumbersuffix"] = "", ["list separator"] = ", ", ["multipliers"] = { [0] = "", [3] = " thousand", [6] = " million", [9] = " billion", [12] = " trillion", } } -- This allows an internationisation module to override the above table if 'en' ~= mw.getContentLanguage():getCode() then require("Module:i18n").loadI18n("Module:WikidataIB/i18n", i18n) end -- This piece of html implements a collapsible container. Check the classes exist on your wiki. local collapsediv = '<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; overflow:auto;" data-expandtext="{{int:show}}" data-collapsetext="{{int:hide}}">' -- Some items should not be linked. -- Each wiki can create a list of those in Module:WikidataIB/nolinks -- It should return a table called itemsindex, containing true for each item not to be linked local donotlink = {} local nolinks_exists, nolinks = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/nolinks") if nolinks_exists then donotlink = nolinks.itemsindex end -- To satisfy Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles, certain types of items are italicised, and others are quoted. -- The submodule [[Module:WikidataIB/titleformats]] lists the entity-ids used in 'instance of' (P31), -- which allows this module to identify the values that should be formatted. -- WikidataIB/titleformats exports a table p.formats, which is indexed by entity-id, and contains the value " or '' local formats = {} local titleformats_exists, titleformats = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/titleformats") if titleformats_exists then formats = titleformats.formats end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Private functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- makeOrdinal needs to be internationalised along with the above: -- takes cardinal number as a numeric and returns the ordinal as a string -- we need three exceptions in English for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 21st, .. 31st, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local makeOrdinal = function(cardinal) local ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default if cardinal % 10 == 1 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[1] elseif cardinal % 10 == 2 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[2] elseif cardinal % 10 == 3 then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal[3] end -- In English, 1, 21, 31, etc. use 'st', but 11, 111, etc. use 'th' -- similarly for 12 and 13, etc. if (cardinal % 100 == 11) or (cardinal % 100 == 12) or (cardinal % 100 == 13) then ordsuffix = i18n.ordinal.default end return tostring(cardinal) .. ordsuffix end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- findLang takes a "langcode" parameter if supplied and valid -- otherwise it tries to create it from the user's set language ({{int:lang}}) -- failing that it uses the wiki's content language. -- It returns a language object ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local findLang = function(langcode) local langobj langcode = mw.text.trim(langcode or "") if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then langobj = mw.language.new( langcode ) else langcode = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( '{{int:lang}}' ) if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode) then langobj = mw.language.new( langcode ) else langobj = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end end return langobj end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank) -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getItemLangCode = function(qid) qid = mw.text.trim(qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return end local prop17 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P17")[1] if not prop17 or prop17.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end local qid17 = prop17.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local prop37 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid17, "P37")[1] if not prop37 or prop37.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end local qid37 = prop37.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local prop424 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid37, "P424")[1] if not prop424 or prop424.mainsnak.snaktype ~= "value" then return end return prop424.mainsnak.datavalue.value end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- roundto takes a number (x) -- and returns it rounded to (sf) significant figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local roundto = function(x, sf) if x == 0 then return 0 end local s = 1 if x < 0 then x = -x s = -1 end if sf < 1 then sf = 1 end local p = 10 ^ (math.floor(math.log10(x)) - sf + 1) x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s -- if it's integral, cast to an integer: if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end return x end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- decimalToDMS takes a decimal degrees (x) with precision (p) -- and returns degrees/minutes/seconds according to the precision ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local decimalToDMS = function(x, p) -- if p is not supplied, use a precision around 0.1 seconds if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4 end local d = math.floor(x) local ms = (x - d) * 60 if p > 0.5 then -- precision is > 1/2 a degree if ms > 30 then d = d + 1 end ms = 0 end local m = math.floor(ms) local s = (ms - m) * 60 if p > 0.008 then -- precision is > 1/2 a minute if s > 30 then m = m +1 end s = 0 elseif p > 0.00014 then -- precision is > 1/2 a second s = math.floor(s + 0.5) elseif p > 0.000014 then -- precision is > 1/20 second s = math.floor(10 * s + 0.5) / 10 elseif p > 0.0000014 then -- precision is > 1/200 second s = math.floor(100 * s + 0.5) / 100 else -- cap it at 3 dec places for now s = math.floor(1000 * s + 0.5) / 1000 end return d, m, s end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- decimalPrecision takes a decimal (x) with precision (p) -- and returns x rounded approximately to the given precision -- precision should be between 1 and 1e-6, preferably a power of 10. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local decimalPrecision = function(x, p) local s = 1 if x < 0 then x = -x s = -1 end -- if p is not supplied, pick an arbitrary precision if not tonumber(p) then p = 1e-4 elseif p > 1 then p = 1 elseif p < 1e-6 then p = 1e-6 else p = 10 ^ math.floor(math.log10(p)) end x = math.floor(x / p + 0.5) * p * s -- if it's integral, cast to an integer: if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end -- if it's less than 1e-4, it will be in exponent form, so return a string with 6dp -- 9e-5 becomes 0.000090 if math.abs(x) < 1e-4 then x = string.format("%f", x) end return x end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatDate takes a datetime of the usual format from mw.wikibase.entity:formatPropertyValues -- like "1 August 30 BCE" as parameter 1 -- and formats it according to the df (date format) and bc parameters -- df = ["dmy" / "mdy" / "y"] default will be "dmy" -- bc = ["BC" / "BCE"] default will be "BCE" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local format_Date = function(datetime, dateformat, bc) local datetime = datetime or "1 August 30 BCE" -- in case of nil value -- chop off multiple vales and/or any hours, mins, etc. -- keep anything before punctuation - we just want a single date: local dateval = string.match( datetime, "[%w ]+") local dateformat = string.lower(dateformat or "dmy") -- default to dmy local bc = string.upper(bc or "") -- can't use nil for bc -- we only want to accept two possibilities: BC or default to BCE if bc == "BC" then bc = "&nbsp;" .. i18n["BC"] -- prepend a non-breaking space. else bc = "&nbsp;" .. i18n["BCE"] end local postchrist = true -- start by assuming no BCE local dateparts = {} for word in string.gmatch(dateval, "%w+") do if word == "BCE" or word == "BC" then -- *** internationalise later *** postchrist = false else -- we'll keep the parts that are not 'BCE' in a table dateparts[#dateparts + 1] = word end end if postchrist then bc = "" end -- set AD dates to no suffix *** internationalise later *** local sep = "&nbsp;" -- separator is nbsp local fdate = table.concat(dateparts, sep) -- set formatted date to same order as input -- if we have day month year, check dateformat if #dateparts == 3 then if dateformat == "y" then fdate = dateparts[3] elseif dateformat == "mdy" then fdate = dateparts[2] .. sep .. dateparts[1] .. "," .. sep .. dateparts[3] end elseif #dateparts == 2 and dateformat == "y" then fdate = dateparts[2] end return fdate .. bc end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- dateFormat is the handler for properties that are of type "time" -- It takes timestamp, precision (6 to 11 per mediawiki), dateformat (y/dmy/mdy), BC format (BC/BCE), -- a plaindate switch (yes/no/adj) to en/disable "sourcing circumstances"/use adjectival form, -- any qualifiers for the property, the language, and any adjective to use like 'before'. -- It passes the date through the "complex date" function -- and returns a string with the internatonalised date formatted according to preferences. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); cdate(); dp[] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = function(timestamp, dprec, df, bcf, pd, qualifiers, lang, adj, model) -- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy/ymd) df = (df or ""):lower() -- if ymd is required, return the part of the timestamp in YYYY-MM-DD form -- but apply Year zero#Astronomers fix: 1 BC = 0000; 2 BC = -0001; etc. if df == "ymd" then if timestamp:sub(1,1) == "+" then return timestamp:sub(2,11) else local yr = tonumber(timestamp:sub(2,5)) - 1 yr = ("000" .. yr):sub(-4) if yr ~= "0000" then yr = "-" .. yr end return yr .. timestamp:sub(6,11) end end -- A year can be stored like this: "+1872-00-00T00:00:00Z", -- which is processed here as if it were the day before "+1872-01-01T00:00:00Z", -- and that's the last day of 1871, so the year is wrong. -- So fix the month 0, day 0 timestamp to become 1 January instead: timestamp = timestamp:gsub("%-00%-00T", "-01-01T") -- just in case date precision is missing dprec = dprec or 11 -- override more precise dates if required dateformat is year alone: if df == "y" and dprec > 9 then dprec = 9 end -- complex date only deals with precisions from 6 to 11, so clip range dprec = dprec>11 and 11 or dprec dprec = dprec<6 and 6 or dprec -- BC format is "BC" or "BCE" bcf = (bcf or ""):upper() -- plaindate only needs the first letter (y/n/a) pd = (pd or ""):sub(1,1):lower() if pd == "" or pd == "n" or pd == "f" or pd == "0" then pd = false end -- in case language isn't passed lang = lang or findLang().code -- set adj as empty if nil adj = adj or "" -- extract the day, month, year from the timestamp local bc = timestamp:sub(1, 1)=="-" and "BC" or "" local year, month, day = timestamp:match("[+-](%d*)-(%d*)-(%d*)T") local iso = tonumber(year) -- if year is missing, let it throw an error -- this will adjust the date format to be compatible with cdate -- possible formats are Y, YY, YYY0, YYYY, YYYY-MM, YYYY-MM-DD if dprec == 6 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 1000 ) + 1 end if dprec == 7 then iso = math.floor( (iso - 1) / 100 ) + 1 end if dprec == 8 then iso = math.floor( iso / 10 ) .. "0" end if dprec == 10 then iso = year .. "-" .. month end if dprec == 11 then iso = year .. "-" .. month .. "-" .. day end -- add "circa" (Q5727902) from "sourcing circumstances" (P1480) local sc = not pd and qualifiers and qualifiers.P1480 if sc then for k1, v1 in pairs(sc) do if v1.datavalue and v1.datavalue.value.id == "Q5727902" then adj = "circa" break end end end -- deal with Julian dates: -- no point in saying that dates before 1582 are Julian - they are by default -- doesn't make sense for dates less precise than year -- we can suppress it by setting |plaindate, e.g. for use in constructing categories. local calendarmodel = "" if tonumber(year) > 1582 and dprec > 8 and not pd and model == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985786" then calendarmodel = "julian" end if not cdate then cdate = require("Module:Complex date")._complex_date end local fdate = cdate(calendarmodel, adj, tostring(iso), dp[dprec], bc, "", "", "", "", lang, 1) -- this may have QuickStatements info appended to it in a div, so remove that fdate = fdate:gsub(' <div style="display: none;">[^<]*</div>', '') -- it may also be returned wrapped in a microformat, so remove that fdate = fdate:gsub("<[^>]*>", "") -- there may be leading zeros that we should remove fdate = fdate:gsub("^0*", "") -- if a plain date is required, then remove any links (like BC linked) if pd then fdate = fdate:gsub("%[%[.*|", ""):gsub("]]", "") end -- if 'circa', use the abbreviated form *** internationalise later *** fdate = fdate:gsub('circa ', '<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>&nbsp;') -- deal with BC/BCE if bcf == "BCE" then fdate = fdate:gsub('BC', 'BCE') end -- deal with mdy format if df == "mdy" then fdate = fdate:gsub("(%d+) (%w+) (%d+)", "%2 %1, %3") end -- deal with adjectival form *** internationalise later *** if pd == "a" then fdate = fdate:gsub(' century', '-century') end return fdate end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- parseParam takes a (string) parameter, e.g. from the list of frame arguments, -- and makes "false", "no", and "0" into the (boolean) false -- it makes the empty string and nil into the (boolean) value passed as default -- allowing the parameter to be true or false by default. -- It returns a boolean. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local parseParam = function(param, default) if type(param) == "boolean" then param = tostring(param) end if param and param ~= "" then param = param:lower() if (param == "false") or (param:sub(1,1) == "n") or (param == "0") then return false else return true end else return default end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki. -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getSitelink = function(qid, wiki) qid = (qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end wiki = wiki or "" local sitelink if wiki == "" then sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) else sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid, wiki) end return sitelink end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getCommonslink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It returns one of the following in order of preference: -- the Commons sitelink of the Wikidata entity - but not if onlycat=true and it's not a category; -- the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the Wikidata entity; -- the Commons category of the Wikidata entity - unless fallback=false. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getSitelink(); parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getCommonslink = function(qid, onlycat, fallback) qid = (qid or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end onlycat = parseParam(onlycat, false) if fallback == "" then fallback = nil end local sitelink = _getSitelink(qid, "commonswiki") if onlycat and sitelink and sitelink:sub(1,9) ~= "Category:" then sitelink = nil end if not sitelink then -- check for topic's main category local prop910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P910")[1] if prop910 then local tmcid = prop910.mainsnak.datavalue and prop910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, "commonswiki") end if not sitelink then -- check for list's main category local prop1754 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P1754")[1] if prop1754 then local tmcid = prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue and prop1754.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id sitelink = _getSitelink(tmcid, "commonswiki") end end end if not sitelink and fallback then -- check for Commons category (string value) local prop373 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P373")[1] if prop373 then sitelink = prop373.mainsnak.datavalue and prop373.mainsnak.datavalue.value if sitelink then sitelink = "Category:" .. sitelink end end end return sitelink end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The label in a Wikidata item is subject to vulnerabilities -- that an attacker might try to exploit. -- It needs to be 'sanitised' by removing any wikitext before use. -- If it doesn't exist, return the id for the item -- a second (boolean) value is also returned, value is true when the label exists ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local labelOrId = function(id, lang) if lang == "default" then lang = findLang().code end local label if lang then label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, lang) else label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end if label then return mw.text.nowiki(label), true else return id, false end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- linkedItem takes an entity-id and returns a string, linked if possible. -- This is the handler for "wikibase-item". Preferences: -- 1. Display linked disambiguated sitelink if it exists -- 2. Display linked label if it is a redirect -- 3. TBA: Display an inter-language link for the label if it exists other than in default language -- 4. Display unlinked label if it exists -- 5. Display entity-id for now to indicate a label could be provided -- dtxt is text to be used instead of label, or nil. -- shortname is boolean switch to use P1813 (short name) instead of label if true. -- lang is the current language code. -- uselbl is boolean switch to display the label ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: labelOrId(); donotlink[] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local linkedItem = function(id, lprefix, lpostfix, prefix, postfix, dtxt, shortname, lang, uselbl) lprefix = lprefix or "" -- toughen against nil values passed lpostfix = lpostfix or "" prefix = prefix or "" postfix = postfix or "" lang = lang or "en" -- fallback to default if missing -- see if item might need italics or quotes local fmt = "" for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P31") ) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue and formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id] then fmt = formats[v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id] break -- pick the first match end end local disp local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) local label, islabel if dtxt then label, islabel = dtxt, true elseif shortname then -- see if there is a shortname in our language, and set label to it for k, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P1813") ) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == lang then label, islabel = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text, true break end -- test for language match end -- loop through values of short name -- if we have no label set, then there was no shortname available if not islabel then label, islabel = labelOrId(id) shortname = false end else label, islabel = labelOrId(id) end if mw.site.siteName ~= "Wikimedia Commons" then if sitelink then if not (dtxt or shortname) then -- if sitelink and label are the same except for case, no need to process further if sitelink:lower() ~= label:lower() then -- strip any namespace or dab from the sitelink local pos = sitelink:find(":") or 0 local slink = sitelink if pos > 0 then local prefix = sitelink:sub(1,pos-1) if mw.site.namespaces[prefix] then -- that prefix is a valid namespace, so remove it slink = sitelink:sub(pos+1) end end -- remove stuff after commas or inside parentheses - ie. dabs slink = slink:gsub("%s%(.+%)$", ""):gsub(",.+$", "") -- if uselbl is false, use sitelink instead of label if not uselbl then -- use slink as display, preserving label case - find("^%u") is true for 1st char uppercase if label:find("^%u") then label = slink:gsub("^(%l)", string.upper) else label = slink:gsub("^(%u)", string.lower) end end end end if donotlink[label] then disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix else disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. "]]" end elseif islabel then -- no sitelink, label exists, so check if a redirect with that title exists local artitle = mw.title.new(label, 0) -- only nil if label has invalid chars if not donotlink[label] and artitle and artitle.redirectTarget then -- there's a redirect with the same title as the label, so let's link to that disp = "[[".. lprefix .. label .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix .. "]]" else -- either (donotlink is true) or (no sitelink, label exists, not redirect) -- so output unlinked label with italics or quotes as needed disp = prefix .. fmt .. label .. fmt .. postfix end -- test if article title exists as redirect on current Wiki else -- no sitelink and no label, so return whatever was returned from labelOrId for now -- add tracking category [[Category:Articles with missing Wikidata information]] -- for enwiki, just return the tracking category if mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() == "enwiki" then disp = i18n.missinginfocat else disp = prefix .. label .. postfix .. i18n.missinginfocat end end else local ccat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P373")[1] if ccat and ccat.mainsnak.datavalue then ccat = ccat.mainsnak.datavalue.value disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. "Category:" .. ccat .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. "]]" elseif sitelink then -- this asumes that if a sitelink exists, then a label also exists disp = "[[" .. lprefix .. sitelink .. lpostfix .. "|" .. prefix .. label .. postfix .. "]]" else -- no sitelink and no Commons cat, so return label from labelOrId for now disp = prefix .. label .. postfix end end return disp end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- sourced takes a table representing a statement that may or may not have references -- it looks for a reference sourced to something not containing the word "wikipedia" -- it returns a boolean = true if it finds a sourced reference. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local sourced = function(claim) if claim.references then for kr, vr in pairs(claim.references) do local ref = mw.wikibase.renderSnaks(vr.snaks) if not ref:find("Wiki") then return true end end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- setRanks takes a flag (parameter passed) that requests the values to return -- "b[est]" returns preferred if available, otherwise normal -- "p[referred]" returns preferred -- "n[ormal]" returns normal -- "d[eprecated]" returns deprecated -- multiple values are allowed, e.g. "preferred normal" (which is the default) -- "best" will override the other flags, and set p and n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local setRanks = function(rank) rank = (rank or ""):lower() -- if nothing passed, return preferred and normal -- if rank == "" then rank = "p n" end local ranks = {} for w in string.gmatch(rank, "%a+") do w = w:sub(1,1) if w == "b" or w == "p" or w == "n" or w == "d" then ranks[w] = true end end -- check if "best" is requested or no ranks requested; and if so, set preferred and normal if ranks.b or not next(ranks) then ranks.p = true ranks.n = true end return ranks end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- parseInput processes the Q-id , the blacklist and the whitelist -- if an input parameter is supplied, it returns that and ends the call. -- it returns (1) either the qid or nil indicating whether or not the call should continue -- and (2) a table containing all of the statements for the propertyID and relevant Qid -- if "best" ranks are requested, it returns those instead of all non-deprecated ranks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local parseInput = function(frame, input_parm, property_id) -- There may be a local parameter supplied, if it's blank, set it to nil input_parm = mw.text.trim(input_parm or "") if input_parm == "" then input_parm = nil end -- return nil if Wikidata is not available if not mw.wikibase then return false, input_parm end local args = frame.args -- can take a named parameter |qid which is the Wikidata ID for the article. -- if it's not supplied, use the id for the current page local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end -- if there's no Wikidata item for the current page return nil if not qid then return false, input_parm end -- The blacklist is passed in named parameter |suppressfields local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or "" -- The whitelist is passed in named parameter |fetchwikidata local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or "" if whitelist == "" then whitelist = "NONE" end -- The name of the field that this function is called from is passed in named parameter |name local fieldname = args.name or "" if blacklist ~= "" then -- The name is compulsory when blacklist is used, so return nil if it is not supplied if fieldname == "" then return false, nil end -- If this field is on the blacklist, then return nil if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return false, nil end end -- If we got this far then we're not on the blacklist -- The blacklist overrides any locally supplied parameter as well -- If a non-blank input parameter was supplied return it if input_parm then return false, input_parm end -- We can filter out non-valid properties if property_id:sub(1,1):upper() ~="P" or property_id == "P0" then return false, nil end -- Otherwise see if this field is on the whitelist: -- needs a bit more logic because find will return its second value = 0 if fieldname is "" -- but nil if fieldname not found on whitelist local _, found = whitelist:find(fieldname) found = ((found or 0) > 0) if whitelist ~= 'ALL' and (whitelist:upper() == "NONE" or not found) then return false, nil end -- See what's on Wikidata (the call always returns a table, but it may be empty): local props = {} if args.reqranks.b then props = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, property_id) else props = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, property_id) end if props[1] then return qid, props end -- no property on Wikidata return false, nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- createicon assembles the "Edit at Wikidata" pen icon. -- It returns a wikitext string inside a span class="penicon" -- if entityID is nil or empty, the ID associated with current page is used -- langcode and propertyID may be nil or empty ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: i18n[]; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local createicon = function(langcode, entityID, propertyID) langcode = langcode or "" if not entityID or entityID == "" then entityID= mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end propertyID = propertyID or "" local icon = "&nbsp;<span class='penicon'>[[" -- "&nbsp;<span data-bridge-edit-flow='overwrite' class='penicon'>[[" -> enable Wikidata Bridge .. i18n["filespace"] .. ":OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg |frameless |text-top |10px |alt=" .. i18n["editonwikidata"] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. entityID if langcode ~= "" then icon = icon .. "?uselang=" .. langcode end if propertyID ~= "" then icon = icon .. "#" .. propertyID end icon = icon .. "|" .. i18n["editonwikidata"] .. "]]</span>" return icon end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- assembleoutput takes the sequence table containing the property values -- and formats it according to switches given. It returns a string or nil. -- It uses the entityID (and optionally propertyID) to create a link in the pen icon. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local assembleoutput = function(out, args, entityID, propertyID) -- sorted is a boolean passed to enable sorting of the values returned -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false -- if "false" or "no" or "0" is passed set it false local sorted = parseParam(args.sorted, false) -- noicon is a boolean passed to suppress the trailing "edit at Wikidata" icon -- for use when the value is processed further by the infobox -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false -- if "false" or "no" or "0" is passed set it false local noic = parseParam(args.noicon, false) -- list is the name of a template that a list of multiple values is passed through -- examples include "hlist" and "ubl" -- setting it to "prose" produces something like "1, 2, 3, and 4" local list = args.list or "" -- sep is a string that is used to separate multiple returned values -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it to the default -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed -- e.g. |sep=" - " local sepdefault = i18n["list separator"] local separator = args.sep or "" separator = string.gsub(separator, '"', '') if separator == "" then separator = sepdefault end -- collapse is a number that determines the maximum number of returned values -- before the output is collapsed. -- Zero or not a number result in no collapsing (default becomes 0). local collapse = tonumber(args.collapse) or 0 -- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value -- this is useful for tracking and debugging local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or "") -- if there's anything to return, then return a list -- comma-separated by default, but may be specified by the sep parameter -- optionally specify a hlist or ubl or a prose list, etc. local strout if #out > 0 then if sorted then table.sort(out) end -- if there's something to display and a pen icon is wanted, add it the end of the last value local hasdisplay = false for i, v in ipairs(out) do if v ~= i18n.missinginfocat then hasdisplay = true break end end if not noic and hasdisplay then out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(args.langobj.code, entityID, propertyID) end if list == "" then strout = table.concat(out, separator) elseif list:lower() == "prose" then strout = mw.text.listToText( out ) else strout = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = list, args = out} end if collapse >0 and #out > collapse then strout = collapsediv .. strout .. "</div>" end else strout = nil -- no items had valid reference end if replacetext ~= "" and strout then strout = replacetext end return strout end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- rendersnak takes a table (propval) containing the information stored on one property value -- and returns the value as a string and its language if monolingual text. -- It handles data of type: -- wikibase-item -- time -- string, url, commonsMedia, external-id -- quantity -- globe-coordinate -- monolingualtext -- It also requires linked, the link/pre/postfixes, uabbr, and the arguments passed from frame. -- The optional filter parameter allows quantities to be be filtered by unit Qid. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); labelOrId(); i18n[]; dateFormat(); -- roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); linkedItem(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local rendersnak = function(propval, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) lpre = lpre or "" lpost = lpost or "" pre = pre or "" post = post or "" args.lang = args.lang or findLang().code -- allow values to display a fixed text instead of label local dtxt = args.displaytext or args.dt if dtxt == "" then dtxt = nil end -- switch to use display of short name (P1813) instead of label local shortname = args.shortname or args.sn shortname = parseParam(shortname, false) local uselbl = args.uselabel or args.uselbl uselbl = parseParam(uselbl, false) local snak = propval.mainsnak or propval local dtype = snak.datatype local dv = snak.datavalue dv = dv and dv.value -- value and monolingual text language code returned local val, mlt if propval.rank and not args.reqranks[propval.rank:sub(1, 1)] then -- val is nil: value has a rank that isn't requested ------------------------------------ elseif snak.snaktype == "somevalue" then -- value is unknown val = i18n["Unknown"] ------------------------------------ elseif snak.snaktype == "novalue" then -- value is none -- val = "No value" -- don't return anything ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "wikibase-item" then -- data type is a wikibase item: -- it's wiki-linked value, so output as link if enabled and possible local qnumber = dv.id if linked then val = linkedItem(qnumber, lpre, lpost, pre, post, dtxt, shortname, args.lang, uselbl) else -- no link wanted so check for display-text, otherwise test for lang code local label, islabel if dtxt then label = dtxt else label, islabel = labelOrId(qnumber) local langlabel = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qnumber, args.lang) if langlabel then label = mw.text.nowiki( langlabel ) end end val = pre .. label .. post end -- test for link required ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "time" then -- data type is time: -- time is in timestamp format -- date precision is integer per mediawiki -- output formatting according to preferences (y/dmy/mdy) -- BC format as BC or BCE -- plaindate is passed to disable looking for "sourcing cirumstances" -- or to set the adjectival form -- qualifiers (if any) is a nested table or nil -- lang is given, or user language, or site language -- -- Here we can check whether args.df has a value -- If not, use code from Module:Sandbox/RexxS/Getdateformat to set it from templates like {{Use mdy dates}} val = dateFormat(dv.time, dv.precision, args.df, args.bc, args.pd, propval.qualifiers, args.lang, "", dv.calendarmodel) ------------------------------------ -- data types which are strings: elseif dtype == "commonsMedia" or dtype == "external-id" or dtype == "string" or dtype == "url" then -- commonsMedia or external-id or string or url -- all have mainsnak.datavalue.value as string if (lpre == "" or lpre == ":") and lpost == "" then -- don't link if no linkpre/postfix or linkprefix is just ":" val = pre .. dv .. post elseif dtype == "external-id" then val = "[" .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. " " .. pre .. dv .. post .. "]" else val = "[[" .. lpre .. dv .. lpost .. "|" .. pre .. dv .. post .. "]]" end -- check for link requested (i.e. either linkprefix or linkpostfix exists) ------------------------------------ -- data types which are quantities: elseif dtype == "quantity" then -- quantities have mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount and mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit -- the unit is of the form http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q829073 -- -- implement a switch to turn on/off numerical formatting later local fnum = true -- -- a switch to turn on/off conversions - only for en-wiki local conv = parseParam(args.conv or args.convert, false) -- if we have conversions, we won't have formatted numbers or scales if conv then uabbr = true fnum = false args.scale = "0" end -- -- a switch to turn on/off showing units, default is true local showunits = parseParam(args.su or args.showunits, true) -- -- convert amount to a number local amount = tonumber(dv.amount) or i18n["NaN"] -- -- scale factor for millions, billions, etc. local sc = tostring(args.scale or ""):sub(1,1):lower() local scale if sc == "a" then -- automatic scaling if amount > 1e15 then scale = 12 elseif amount > 1e12 then scale = 9 elseif amount > 1e9 then scale = 6 elseif amount > 1e6 then scale = 3 else scale = 0 end else scale = tonumber(args.scale) or 0 if scale < 0 or scale > 12 then scale = 0 end scale = math.floor(scale/3) * 3 end local factor = 10^scale amount = amount / factor -- ranges: local range = "" -- check if upper and/or lower bounds are given and significant local upb = tonumber(dv.upperBound) local lowb = tonumber(dv.lowerBound) if upb and lowb then -- differences rounded to 2 sig fig: local posdif = roundto(upb - amount, 2) / factor local negdif = roundto(amount - lowb, 2) / factor upb, lowb = amount + posdif, amount - negdif -- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig if (scale > 0 or sc == "a") then if amount < 1e4 then amount = roundto(amount, 4) else amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5) end end if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end if posdif ~= negdif then -- non-symmetrical range = " +" .. posdif .. " -" .. negdif elseif posdif ~= 0 then -- symmetrical and non-zero range = " ±" .. posdif else -- otherwise range is zero, so leave it as "" end else -- round scaled numbers to integers or 4 sig fig if (scale > 0 or sc == "a") then if amount < 1e4 then amount = roundto(amount, 4) else amount = math.floor(amount + 0.5) end end if fnum then amount = args.langobj:formatNum( amount ) end end -- unit names and symbols: -- extract the qid in the form 'Qnnn' from the value.unit url -- and then fetch the label from that - or symbol if unitabbr is true local unit = "" local usep = "" local usym = "" local unitqid = string.match( dv.unit, "(Q%d+)" ) if filter and unitqid ~= filter then return nil end if unitqid and showunits then local uname = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(unitqid, args.lang) or "" if uname ~= "" then usep, unit = " ", uname end if uabbr then -- see if there's a unit symbol (P5061) local unitsymbols = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unitqid, "P5061") -- construct fallback table, add local lang and multiple languages local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( args.lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, args.lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, "mul" ) local found = false for idx1, us in ipairs(unitsymbols) do for idx2, fblang in ipairs(fbtbl) do if us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == fblang then usym = us.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text found = true break end if found then break end end -- loop through fallback table end -- loop through values of P5061 if found then usep, unit = "&nbsp;", usym end end end -- format display: if conv then if range == "" then val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "cvt", args = {amount, unit}} else val = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "cvt", args = {lowb, "to", upb, unit}} end elseif unit == "$" or unit == "£" then val = unit .. amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale] else val = amount .. range .. i18n.multipliers[scale] .. usep .. unit end ------------------------------------ -- datatypes which are global coordinates: elseif dtype == "globe-coordinate" then -- 'display' parameter defaults to "inline, title" *** unused for now *** -- local disp = args.display or "" -- if disp == "" then disp = "inline, title" end -- -- format parameter switches from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees -- default is deg/min/sec -- decimal degrees needs |format = dec local form = (args.format or ""):lower():sub(1,3) if form ~= "dec" then form = "dms" end -- not needed for now -- -- show parameter allows just the latitude, or just the longitude, or both -- to be returned as a signed decimal, ignoring the format parameter. local show = (args.show or ""):lower() if show ~= "longlat" then show = show:sub(1,3) end -- local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision if show == "lat" then val = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) elseif show == "lon" then val = decimalPrecision(long, prec) elseif show == "longlat" then val = decimalPrecision(long, prec) .. ", " .. decimalPrecision(lat, prec) else local ns = "N" local ew = "E" if lat < 0 then ns = "S" lat = - lat end if long < 0 then ew = "W" long = - long end if form == "dec" then lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) long = decimalPrecision(long, prec) val = lat .. "°" .. ns .. " " .. long .. "°" .. ew else local latdeg, latmin, latsec = decimalToDMS(lat, prec) local longdeg, longmin, longsec = decimalToDMS(long, prec) if latsec == 0 and longsec == 0 then if latmin == 0 and longmin == 0 then val = latdeg .. "°" .. ns .. " " .. longdeg .. "°" .. ew else val = latdeg .. "°" .. latmin .. "′" .. ns .. " " val = val .. longdeg .. "°".. longmin .. "′" .. ew end else val = latdeg .. "°" .. latmin .. "′" .. latsec .. "″" .. ns .. " " val = val .. longdeg .. "°" .. longmin .. "′" .. longsec .. "″" .. ew end end end ------------------------------------ elseif dtype == "monolingualtext" then -- data type is Monolingual text: -- has mainsnak.datavalue.value as a table containing language/text pairs -- collect all the values in 'out' and languages in 'mlt' and process them later val = pre .. dv.text .. post mlt = dv.language ------------------------------------ else -- some other data type so write a specific handler val = "unknown data type: " .. dtype end -- of datatype/unknown value/sourced check return val, mlt end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- propertyvalueandquals takes a property object, the arguments passed from frame, -- and a qualifier propertyID. -- It returns a sequence (table) of values representing the values of that property -- and qualifiers that match the qualifierID if supplied. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); sourced(); labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date(); -- makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); assembleoutput(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function propertyvalueandquals(objproperty, args, qualID) -- needs this style of declaration because it's re-entrant -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return only values sourced to other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) -- linked is a a boolean that enables the link to a local page via sitelink -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true) -- prefix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is prefixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local prefix = (args.prefix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- postfix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is postfixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local postfix = (args.postfix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- linkprefix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this creates a link and is then prefixed to each value -- useful when when multiple values are returned and indirect links are needed -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local lprefix = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- linkpostfix is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a string of characters -- this is postfixed to each value when linking is enabled with lprefix -- useful when when multiple values are returned -- any double-quotes " are stripped out, so that spaces may be passed local lpostfix = (args.linkpostfix or ""):gsub('"', '') -- wdlinks is a boolean passed to enable links to Wikidata when no article exists -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local wdl = parseParam(args.wdlinks or args.wdl, false) -- unitabbr is a boolean passed to enable unit abbreviations for common units -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false) -- qualsonly is a boolean passed to return just the qualifiers -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it false local qualsonly = parseParam(args.qualsonly or args.qo, false) -- maxvals is a string that may be nil, empty (""), or a number -- this determines how many items may be returned when multiple values are available -- setting it = 1 is useful where the returned string is used within another call, e.g. image local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 -- pd (plain date) is a string: yes/true/1 | no/false/0 | adj -- to disable/enable "sourcing cirumstances" or use adjectival form for the plain date local pd = args.plaindate or args.pd or "no" args.pd = pd -- allow qualifiers to have a different date format; default to year args.qdf = args.qdf or args.qualifierdateformat or args.df or "y" local lang = args.lang or findlang().code -- qualID is a string list of wanted qualifiers or "ALL" qualID = qualID or "" -- capitalise list of wanted qualifiers and substitute "DATES" qualID = qualID:upper():gsub("DATES", "P580, P582") local allflag = (qualID == "ALL") -- create table of wanted qualifiers as key local qwanted = {} -- create sequence of wanted qualifiers local qorder = {} for q in mw.text.gsplit(qualID, "%p") do -- split at punctuation and iterate local qtrim = mw.text.trim(q) if qtrim ~= "" then qwanted[mw.text.trim(q)] = true qorder[#qorder+1] = qtrim end end -- qsep is the output separator for rendering qualifier list local qsep = (args.qsep or ""):gsub('"', '') -- qargs are the arguments to supply to assembleoutput() local qargs = { ["osd"] = "false", ["linked"] = tostring(linked), ["prefix"] = args.qprefix, ["postfix"] = args.qpostfix, ["linkprefix"] = args.qlinkprefix or args.qlp, ["linkpostfix"] = args.qlinkpostfix, ["wdl"] = "false", ["unitabbr"] = tostring(uabbr), ["maxvals"] = 0, ["sorted"] = tostring(args.qsorted), ["noicon"] = "true", ["list"] = args.qlist, ["sep"] = qsep, ["langobj"] = args.langobj, ["lang"] = args.langobj.code, ["df"] = args.qdf, ["sn"] = parseParam(args.qsn or args.qshortname, false), } -- all proper values of a Wikidata property will be the same type as the first -- qualifiers don't have a mainsnak, properties do local datatype = objproperty[1].datatype or objproperty[1].mainsnak.datatype -- out[] holds the a list of returned values for this property -- mlt[] holds the language code if the datatype is monolingual text local out = {} local mlt = {} for k, v in ipairs(objproperty) do local hasvalue = true if (onlysrc and not sourced(v)) then -- no value: it isn't sourced when onlysourced=true hasvalue = false else local val, lcode = rendersnak(v, args, linked, lprefix, lpostfix, prefix, postfix, uabbr) if not val then hasvalue = false -- rank doesn't match elseif qualsonly and qualID then -- suppress value returned: only qualifiers are requested else out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = val, lcode end end -- See if qualifiers are to be returned: local snak = v.mainsnak or v if hasvalue and v.qualifiers and qualID ~= "" and snak.snaktype~="novalue" then -- collect all wanted qualifier values returned in qlist, indexed by propertyID local qlist = {} local timestart, timeend = "", "" -- loop through qualifiers for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do if allflag or qwanted[k1] then if k1 == "P1326" then local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, "", lang, "before") elseif k1 == "P1319" then local ts = v1[1].datavalue.value.time local dp = v1[1].datavalue.value.precision qlist[k1] = dateFormat(ts, dp, args.qdf, args.bc, pd, "", lang, "after") elseif k1 == "P580" then timestart = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or "" -- treat only one start time as valid elseif k1 == "P582" then timeend = propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs)[1] or "" -- treat only one end time as valid else local q = assembleoutput(propertyvalueandquals(v1, qargs), qargs) -- we already deal with circa via 'sourcing circumstances' if the datatype was time -- circa may be either linked or unlinked *** internationalise later *** if datatype ~= "time" or q ~= "circa" and not (type(q) == "string" and q:find("circa]]")) then qlist[k1] = q end end end -- of test for wanted end -- of loop through qualifiers -- set date separator local t = timestart .. timeend -- *** internationalise date separators later *** local dsep = "&ndash;" if t:find("%s") or t:find("&nbsp;") then dsep = " &ndash; " end -- set the order for the list of qualifiers returned; start time and end time go last if next(qlist) then local qlistout = {} if allflag then for k2, v2 in pairs(qlist) do qlistout[#qlistout+1] = v2 end else for i2, v2 in ipairs(qorder) do qlistout[#qlistout+1] = qlist[v2] end end if t ~= "" then qlistout[#qlistout+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend end local qstr = assembleoutput(qlistout, qargs) if qualsonly then out[#out+1] = qstr else out[#out] = out[#out] .. " (" .. qstr .. ")" end elseif t ~= "" then if qualsonly then out[#out+1] = timestart .. dsep .. timeend else out[#out] = out[#out] .. " (" .. timestart .. dsep .. timeend .. ")" end end end -- of test for qualifiers wanted if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of for each value loop -- we need to pick one value to return if the datatype was "monolingualtext" -- if there's only one value, use that -- otherwise look through the fallback languages for a match if datatype == "monolingualtext" and #out >1 then lang = mw.text.split( lang, '-', true )[1] local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( lang ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, lang ) local bestval = "" local found = false for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then bestval = out[idx2] found = true break end end -- loop through values of property end -- loop through fallback languages if found then -- replace output table with a table containing the best value out = { bestval } else -- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages -- sod it, just give them the first one out = { out[1] } end end return out end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Common code for p.getValueByQual and p.getValueByLang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getvaluebyqual = function(frame, qualID, checkvalue) -- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if propertyID == "" then return "no property supplied" end if qualID == "" then return "no qualifier supplied" end -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return property values -- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true -- if "false" or "no" or 0 is passed set it false local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- set a language object and code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args -- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter -- success means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, args[2], propertyID) local linked = parseParam(args.linked, true) local lpre = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') local lpost = (args.linkpostfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local pre = (args.prefix or ""):gsub('"', '') local post = (args.postfix or ""):gsub('"', '') local uabbr = parseParam(args.unitabbr or args.uabbr, false) local filter = (args.unit or ""):upper() if filter == "" then filter = nil end if qid then local out = {} -- Scan through the values of the property -- we want something like property is "pronunciation audio (P443)" in propertyID -- with a qualifier like "language of work or name (P407)" in qualID -- whose value has the required ID, like "British English (Q7979)", in qval for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then -- check if it has the right qualifier local v1q = v1.qualifiers if v1q and v1q[qualID] then if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then -- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers -- so see if matches the required value -- We'll only deal with wikibase-items and strings for now if v1q[qualID][1].datatype == "wikibase-item" then if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value.id) then out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) end elseif v1q[qualID][1].datatype == "string" then if checkvalue(v1q[qualID][1].datavalue.value) then out[#out + 1] = rendersnak(v1, args, linked, lpre, lpost, pre, post, uabbr, filter) end end end -- of check for sourced end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers else return nil end -- of check for string end -- of loop through values of propertyID return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- either local parameter or nothing end -- of test for success return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _location takes Q-id and follows P276 (location) -- or P131 (located in the administrative territorial entity) or P706 (located on terrain feature) -- from the initial item to higher level territories/locations until it reaches the highest. -- An optional boolean, 'first', determines whether the first item is returned (default: false). -- An optional boolean 'skip' toggles the display to skip to the last item (default: false). -- It returns a table containing the locations - linked where possible, except for the highest. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); labelOrId(); linkedItem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _location = function(qid, first, skip) first = parseParam(first, false) skip = parseParam(skip, false) local locs = {"P276", "P131", "P706"} local out = {} local langcode = findLang():getCode() local finished = false local count = 0 local prevqid = "Q0" repeat local prop for i1, v1 in ipairs(locs) do local proptbl = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, v1) if #proptbl > 1 then -- there is more than one higher location local prevP131, prevP131id if prevqid ~= "Q0" then prevP131 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(prevqid, "P131")[1] prevP131id = prevP131 and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue and prevP131.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id end for i2, v2 in ipairs(proptbl) do parttbl = v2.qualifiers and v2.qualifiers.P518 if parttbl then -- this higher location has qualifier 'applies to part' (P518) for i3, v3 in ipairs(parttbl) do if v3.snaktype == "value" and v3.datavalue.value.id == prevqid then -- it has a value equal to the previous location prop = proptbl[i2] break end -- of test for matching last location end -- of loop through values of 'applies to part' else -- there's no qualifier 'applies to part' (P518) -- so check if the previous location had a P131 that matches this alternate if qid == prevP131id then prop = proptbl[i2] break end -- of test for matching previous P131 end end -- of loop through parent locations -- fallback to second value if match not found prop = prop or proptbl[2] elseif #proptbl > 0 then prop = proptbl[1] end if prop then break end end -- check if it's an instance of (P31) a country (Q6256) or sovereign state (Q3624078) -- and terminate the chain if it is local inst = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, "P31") if #inst > 0 then for k, v in ipairs(inst) do local instid = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id -- stop if it's a country (or a country within the United Kingdom if skip is true) if instid == "Q6256" or instid == "Q3624078" or (skip and instid == "Q3336843") then prop = nil -- this will ensure this is treated as top-level location break end end end -- get the name of this location and update qid to point to the parent location if prop and prop.mainsnak.datavalue then if not skip or count == 0 then out[#out+1] = linkedItem(qid, ":", "", "", "") -- get a linked value if we can end qid, prevqid = prop.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id, qid else -- This is top-level location, so get short name except when this is the first item -- Use full label if there's no short name or this is the first item local prop1813 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid, "P1813") -- if there's a short name and this isn't the only item if prop1813[1] and (#out > 0)then local shortname -- short name is monolingual text, so look for match to the local language -- choose the shortest 'short name' in that language for k, v in pairs(prop1813) do if v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.language == langcode then local name = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text if (not shortname) or (#name < #shortname) then shortname = name end end end -- add the shortname if one is found, fallback to the label -- but skip it if it's "USA" if shortname ~= "USA" then out[#out+1] = shortname or labelOrId(qid) else if skip then out[#out+1] = "US" end end else -- no shortname, so just add the label local loc = labelOrId(qid) -- exceptions go here: if loc == "United States of America" then out[#out+1] = "United States" else out[#out+1] = loc end end finished = true end count = count + 1 until finished or count >= 10 -- limit to 10 levels to avoid infinite loops -- remove the first location if not required if not first then table.remove(out, 1) end -- we might have duplicate text for consecutive locations, so remove them if #out > 2 then local plain = {} for i, v in ipairs(out) do -- strip any links plain[i] = v:gsub("^%[%[[^|]*|", ""):gsub("]]$", "") end local idx = 2 repeat if plain[idx] == plain[idx-1] then -- duplicate found local removeidx = 0 if (plain[idx] ~= out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] == out[idx-1]) then -- only second one is linked, so drop the first removeidx = idx - 1 elseif (plain[idx] == out[idx]) and (plain[idx-1] ~= out[idx-1]) then -- only first one is linked, so drop the second removeidx = idx else -- pick one removeidx = idx - (os.time()%2) end table.remove(out, removeidx) table.remove(plain, removeidx) else idx = idx +1 end until idx >= #out end return out end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getsumofparts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list. -- The list (args.vlist) consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation. -- If the matched values have a qualifer 'quantity' (P1114), those quantites are summed. -- The sum is returned as a number (i.e. 0 if none) -- a table of arguments is supplied implementing the usual parameters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseParam; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local _getsumofparts = function(args) local vallist = (args.vlist or ""):upper() if vallist == "" then return end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) local f = {} f.args = args local qid, props = parseInput(f, "", "P527") if not qid then return 0 end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local sum = 0 for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if (onlysrc == false or sourced(v1)) and v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid" and vallist:match( v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id ) and v1.qualifiers then local quals = v1.qualifiers["P1114"] if quals then for k2, v2 in ipairs(quals) do sum = sum + v2.datavalue.value.amount end end end end return sum end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Public functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- _getValue makes the functionality of getValue available to other modules ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced; -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._getValue = function(args) -- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0) if paraset == 1 then -- a common setting args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" elseif paraset == 2 then -- equivalent to raw args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" args.linked = "no" args.pd = "true" elseif paraset == 3 then -- third set goes here end -- implement eid parameter local eid = args.eid if eid == "" then return nil elseif eid then args.qid = eid end local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) -- replacetext (rt) is a string that is returned instead of any non-empty Wikidata value -- this is useful for tracking and debugging, so we set fetchwikidata=ALL to fill the whitelist local replacetext = mw.text.trim(args.rt or args.replacetext or "") if replacetext ~= "" then args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" end local f = {} f.args = args local entityid, props = parseInput(f, f.args[2], propertyID) if not entityid then return props -- either the input parameter or nothing end -- qual is a string containing the property ID of the qualifier(s) to be returned -- if qual == "ALL" then all qualifiers returned -- if qual == "DATES" then qualifiers P580 (start time) and P582 (end time) returned -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it nil -> no qualifiers returned local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end -- set a language object and code in the args table args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- table 'out' stores the return value(s): local out = propertyvalueandquals(props, args, qualID) -- format the table of values and return it as a string: return assembleoutput(out, args, entityid, propertyID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValue is used to get the value(s) of a property -- The property ID is passed as the first unnamed parameter and is required. -- A locally supplied parameter may optionaly be supplied as the second unnamed parameter. -- The function will now also return qualifiers if parameter qual is supplied ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; parseParam; sourced; -- labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValue = function(frame) local args= frame.args if not args[1] then args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return i18n.errors["No property supplied"] end end return p._getValue(args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPreferredValue is used to get a value, -- (or a comma separated list of them if multiple values exist). -- If preferred ranks are set, it will return those values, otherwise values with normal ranks -- now redundant to getValue with |rank=best ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: p.getValue; setRanks; parseInput; propertyvalueandquals; assembleoutput; -- parseParam; sourced; labelOrId; i18n.latestdatequalifier; format_Date; -- makeOrdinal; roundto; decimalPrecision; decimalToDMS; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getPreferredValue = function(frame) frame.args.rank = "best" return p.getValue(frame) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getCoords is used to get coordinates for display in an infobox -- whitelist and blacklist are implemented -- optional 'display' parameter is allowed, defaults to nil - was "inline, title" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: setRanks(); parseInput(); decimalPrecision(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getCoords = function(frame) local propertyID = "P625" -- if there is a 'display' parameter supplied, use it -- otherwise default to "inline, title" local disp = frame.args.display or "" if disp == "" then disp = nil -- default to not supplying display parameter, was "inline, title" end -- there may be a format parameter to switch from deg/min/sec to decimal degrees -- default is deg/min/sec -- decimal degrees needs |format = dec local form = (frame.args.format or ""):lower():sub(1,3) if form ~= "dec" then form = "dms" end -- just deal with best values frame.args.reqranks = setRanks("best") local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[1], propertyID) if not qid then return props -- either local parameter or nothing else local dv = props[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value local lat, long, prec = dv.latitude, dv.longitude, dv.precision lat = decimalPrecision(lat, prec) long = decimalPrecision(long, prec) local lat_long = { lat, long } lat_long["display"] = disp lat_long["format"] = form -- invoke template Coord with the values stored in the table return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'coord', args = lat_long} end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQualifierValue is used to get a formatted value of a qualifier -- -- The call needs: a property (the unnamed parameter or 1=) -- a target value for that property (pval=) -- a qualifier for that target value (qual=) -- The usual whitelisting and blacklisting of the property is implemented -- The boolean onlysourced= parameter can be set to return nothing -- when the property is unsourced (or only sourced to Wikipedia) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam(); setRanks(); parseInput(); sourced(); -- propertyvalueandquals(); assembleoutput(); -- labelOrId(); i18n.latestdatequalifier(); format_Date(); -- findLang(); makeOrdinal(); roundto(); decimalPrecision(); decimalToDMS(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQualifierValue = function(frame) -- The property ID that will have a qualifier is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") -- The value of the property we want to match whose qualifier value is to be returned -- is passed in named parameter |pval= local propvalue = frame.args.pval -- The property ID of the qualifier -- whose value is to be returned is passed in named parameter |qual= local qualifierID = frame.args.qual -- onlysourced is a boolean passed to return qualifiers -- only when property values are sourced to something other than Wikipedia -- if nothing or an empty string is passed set it true -- if "false" or "no" or 0 is passed set it false local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set a language object and language code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- check for locally supplied parameter in second unnamed parameter -- success means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID) if qid then local out = {} -- Scan through the values of the property -- we want something like property is P793, significant event (in propertyID) -- whose value is something like Q385378, construction (in propvalue) -- then we can return the value(s) of a qualifier such as P580, start time (in qualifierID) for k1, v1 in pairs(props) do if v1.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and v1.mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid" then -- It's a wiki-linked value, so check if it's the target (in propvalue) -- and if it has qualifiers if v1.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == propvalue and v1.qualifiers then if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then -- if we've got this far, we have a (sourced) claim with qualifiers -- which matches the target, so find the value(s) of the qualifier we want local quals = v1.qualifiers[qualifierID] if quals then -- can't reference qualifer, so set onlysourced = "no" (not boolean) local qargs = frame.args qargs.onlysourced = "no" local vals = propertyvalueandquals(quals, qargs, qid) for k, v in ipairs(vals) do out[#out + 1] = v end end end -- of check for sourced end -- of check for matching required value and has qualifiers end -- of check for wikibase entity end -- of loop through values of propertyID return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- either local parameter or nothing end -- of test for success return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getSumOfParts scans the property 'has part' (P527) for values matching a list. -- The list is passed in parameter vlist. -- It consists of a string of Qids separated by spaces or any usual punctuation. -- If the matched values have a qualifier 'quantity' (P1114), those quantities are summed. -- The sum is returned as a number or nothing if zero. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getsumofparts; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getSumOfParts = function(frame) local sum = _getsumofparts(frame.args) if sum == 0 then return end return sum end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByQual gets the value of a property which has a qualifier with a given entity value -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the ID of a qualifier for that property (qualID=Pyyy) -- either the Wikibase-entity ID of a value for that qualifier (qvalue=Qzzz) -- or a string value for that qualifier (qvalue=abc123) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; -- assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByQual = function(frame) local qualID = frame.args.qualID -- The Q-id of the value for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue= local qval = frame.args.qvalue or "" if qval == "" then return "no qualifier value supplied" end local function checkQID(id) return id == qval end return _getvaluebyqual(frame, qualID, checkQID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByLang gets the value of a property which has a qualifier P407 -- ("language of work or name") whose value has the given language code -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the MediaWiki language code to match the language (lang=xx[-yy]) -- (if no code is supplied, it uses the default language) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getvaluebyqual; parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByLang = function(frame) -- The language code for the qualifier we want to match is in named parameter |lang= local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code local function checkLanguage(id) -- id should represent a language like "British English (Q7979)" -- it should have string property "Wikimedia language code (P424)" -- qlcode will be a table: local qlcode = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, "P424") if (#qlcode > 0) and (qlcode[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value == langcode) then return true end end return _getvaluebyqual(frame, "P407", checkLanguage) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getValueByRefSource gets the value of a property which has a reference "stated in" (P248) -- whose value has the given entity-ID. -- The call needs: -- a property ID (the unnamed parameter or 1=Pxxx) -- the entity ID of a value to match where the reference is stated in (match=Qzzz) -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getValueByRefSource = function(frame) -- The property ID that we want to check is the first unnamed parameter local propertyID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or ""):upper() if propertyID == "" then return "no property supplied" end -- The Q-id of the value we want to match is in named parameter |qvalue= local qval = (frame.args.match or ""):upper() if qval == "" then qval = "Q21540096" end local unit = (frame.args.unit or ""):upper() if unit == "" then unit = "Q4917" end local onlysrc = parseParam(frame.args.onlysourced or frame.args.osd, true) -- set the requested ranks flags frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) -- set a language object and code in the frame.args table frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local linked = parseParam(frame.args.linked, true) local uabbr = parseParam(frame.args.uabbr or frame.args.unitabbr, false) -- qid not nil means no local parameter and the property exists local qid, props = parseInput(frame, frame.args[2], propertyID) if qid then local out = {} local mlt= {} for k1, v1 in ipairs(props) do if onlysrc == false or sourced(v1) then if v1.references then for k2, v2 in ipairs(v1.references) do if v2.snaks.P248 then for k3, v3 in ipairs(v2.snaks.P248) do if v3.datavalue.value.id == qval then out[#out+1], mlt[#out+1] = rendersnak(v1, frame.args, linked, "", "", "", "", uabbr, unit) if not mlt[#out] then -- we only need one match per property value -- unless datatype was monolingual text break end end -- of test for match end -- of loop through values "stated in" end -- of test that "stated in" exists end -- of loop through references end -- of test that references exist end -- of test for sourced end -- of loop through values of propertyID if #mlt > 0 then local langcode = frame.args.lang langcode = mw.text.split( langcode, '-', true )[1] local fbtbl = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( langcode ) table.insert( fbtbl, 1, langcode ) local bestval = "" local found = false for idx1, lang1 in ipairs(fbtbl) do for idx2, lang2 in ipairs(mlt) do if (lang1 == lang2) and not found then bestval = out[idx2] found = true break end end -- loop through values of property end -- loop through fallback languages if found then -- replace output table with a table containing the best value out = { bestval } else -- more than one value and none of them on the list of fallback languages -- sod it, just give them the first one out = { out[1] } end end return assembleoutput(out, frame.args, qid, propertyID) else return props -- no property or local parameter supplied end -- of test for success end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPropertyIDs takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity. -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getPropertyIDs = function(frame) local args = frame.args args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- change default for noicon to true args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or "", true)) local f = {} f.args = args local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or ""):upper() -- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid) if not qid then return props end if not props[1] then return nil end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 out = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local snak = v.mainsnak if ( snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" ) and ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] ) and ( snak.snaktype == "value" ) and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc ) then out[#out+1] = snak.datavalue.value.id end if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQualifierIDs takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- It takes a property-id as the first unnamed parameter, and an optional parameter qlist -- which is a list of qualifier property-ids to search for (default is "ALL") -- It returns the Entity-IDs (Qids) of the values of a property if it is a Wikibase-Entity. -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQualifierIDs = function(frame) local args = frame.args args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code -- change default for noicon to true args.noicon = tostring(parseParam(args.noicon or "", true)) local f = {} f.args = args local pid = mw.text.trim(args[1] or ""):upper() -- get the qid and table of claims for the property, or nothing and the local value passed local qid, props = parseInput(f, args[2], pid) if not qid then return props end if not props[1] then return nil end -- get the other parameters local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qlist = args.qlist or "" if qlist == "" then qlist = "ALL" end qlist = qlist:gsub("[%p%s]+", " ") .. " " out = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local snak = v.mainsnak if ( v.rank and args.reqranks[v.rank:sub(1, 1)] ) and ( snak.snaktype == "value" ) and ( sourced(v) or not onlysrc ) then if v.qualifiers then for k1, v1 in pairs(v.qualifiers) do if qlist == "ALL " or qlist:match(k1 .. " ") then for i2, v2 in ipairs(v1) do if v2.datatype == "wikibase-item" and v2.snaktype == "value" then out[#out+1] = v2.datavalue.value.id end -- of test that id exists end -- of loop through qualifier values end -- of test for kq in qlist end -- of loop through qualifiers end -- of test for qualifiers end -- of test for rank value, sourced, and value exists if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through property values return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getPropOfProp takes two propertyIDs: prop1 and prop2 (as well as the usual parameters) -- If the value(s) of prop1 are of type "wikibase-item" then it returns the value(s) of prop2 -- of each of those wikibase-items. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._getPropOfProp = function(args) -- parameter sets for commonly used groups of parameters local paraset = tonumber(args.ps or args.parameterset or 0) if paraset == 1 then -- a common setting args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" elseif paraset == 2 then -- equivalent to raw args.rank = "best" args.fetchwikidata = "ALL" args.onlysourced = "no" args.noicon = "true" args.linked = "no" args.pd = "true" elseif paraset == 3 then -- third set goes here end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code local pid1 = args.prop1 or args.pid1 or "" local pid2 = args.prop2 or args.pid2 or "" local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end local f = {} f.args = args local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(f, localval, pid1) if not qid1 then return localval end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end local out = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local snak = v.mainsnak if snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" and snak.snaktype == "value" then local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id local statements2 = {} if args.reqranks.b then statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2) else statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2) end if statements2[1] then local out2 = propertyvalueandquals(statements2, args, qualID) out[#out+1] = assembleoutput(out2, args, qid2, pid2) end end -- of test for valid property1 value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through values of property1 return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1) end p.getPropOfProp = function(frame) local args= frame.args if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then args = frame:getParent().args if not args.prop1 and not args.pid1 then return i18n.errors["No property supplied"] end end return p._getPropOfProp(args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAwardCat takes most of the usual parameters. If the item has values of P166 (award received), -- then it examines each of those awards for P2517 (category for recipients of this award). -- If it exists, it returns the corresponding category, -- with the item's P734 (family name) as sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name. -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk). -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAwardCat = function(frame) frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args args.sep = " " local pid1 = args.prop1 or "P166" local pid2 = args.prop2 or "P2517" if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end -- locally supplied value: local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") local qid1, statements1 = parseInput(frame, localval, pid1) if not qid1 then return localval end -- linkprefix (strip quotes) local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods): local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or ""):gsub('["-.]', '') -- family name: local famname = "" if sk == "" then local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid1, "P734")[1] local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or "" famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or "" -- strip namespace and disambigation local pos = famname:find(":") or 0 famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub("%s%(.+%)$", "") if famname == "" then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id) famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or "" end end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 local qualID = mw.text.trim(args.qual or ""):upper() if qualID == "" then qualID = nil end local out = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local snak = v.mainsnak if snak.datatype == "wikibase-item" and snak.snaktype == "value" then local qid2 = snak.datavalue.value.id local statements2 = {} if args.reqranks.b then statements2 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid2, pid2) else statements2 = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(qid2, pid2) end if statements2[1] and statements2[1].mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then local qid3 = statements2[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid3) -- if there's no local sitelink, create the sitelink from English label if not sitelink then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(qid3, "en") if lbl then if lbl:sub(1,9) == "Category:" then sitelink = mw.text.nowiki(lbl) else sitelink = "Category:" .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl) end end end if sitelink then if sk ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "|" .. sk .. "]]" elseif famname ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "|" .. famname .. "]]" else out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. sitelink .. "]]" end -- of check for sort keys end -- of test for sitelink end -- of test for category end -- of test for wikibase item has a value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #out >= maxvals then break end end -- of loop through values of property1 return assembleoutput(out, args, qid1, pid1) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getIntersectCat takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented -- It takes two properties, |prop1 and |prop2 (e.g. occupation and country of citizenship) -- Each property's value is a wiki-base entity -- For each value of the first parameter (ranks implemented) it fetches the value's main category -- and then each value of the second parameter (possibly substituting a simpler description) -- then it returns all of the categories representing the intersection of those properties, -- (e.g. Category:Actors from Canada). A joining term may be supplied (e.g. |join=from). -- The item's P734 (family name) is the sort key, or no sort key if there is no family name. -- The sort key may be overridden by the parameter |sortkey (alias |sk). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; propertyvalueandquals assembleoutput; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getIntersectCat = function(frame) frame.args.reqranks = setRanks(frame.args.rank) frame.args.langobj = findLang(frame.args.lang) frame.args.lang = frame.args.langobj.code local args = frame.args args.sep = " " args.linked = "no" local pid1 = args.prop1 or "P106" local pid2 = args.prop2 or "P27" if pid1 == "" or pid2 == "" then return nil end local qid, statements1 = parseInput(frame, "", pid1) if not qid then return nil end local qid, statements2 = parseInput(frame, "", pid2) if not qid then return nil end -- topics like countries may have different names in categories from their label in Wikidata local subs_exists, subs = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:WikidataIB/subs") local join = args.join or "" local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local maxvals = tonumber(args.maxvals) or 0 -- linkprefix (strip quotes) local lp = (args.linkprefix or args.lp or ""):gsub('"', '') -- sort key (strip quotes, hyphens and periods): local sk = (args.sortkey or args.sk or ""):gsub('["-.]', '') -- family name: local famname = "" if sk == "" then local p734 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P734")[1] local p734id = p734 and p734.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and p734.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id or "" famname = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(p734id) or "" -- strip namespace and disambigation local pos = famname:find(":") or 0 famname = famname:sub(pos+1):gsub("%s%(.+%)$", "") if famname == "" then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p734id) famname = lbl and mw.text.nowiki(lbl) or "" end end local cat1 = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements1) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then -- get the ID representing the value of the property local pvalID = (v.mainsnak.snaktype == "value") and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if pvalID then -- get the topic's main category (P910) for that entity local p910 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(pvalID, "P910")[1] if p910 and p910.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then local tmcID = p910.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id -- use sitelink or the English label for the cat local cat = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(tmcID) if not cat then local lbl = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(tmcID, "en") if lbl then if lbl:sub(1,9) == "Category:" then cat = mw.text.nowiki(lbl) else cat = "Category:" .. mw.text.nowiki(lbl) end end end cat1[#cat1+1] = cat end -- of test for topic's main category exists end -- of test for property has vaild value end -- of test for sourced if maxvals > 0 and #cat1 >= maxvals then break end end local cat2 = {} for k, v in ipairs(statements2) do if not onlysrc or sourced(v) then local cat = rendersnak(v, args) if subs[cat] then cat = subs[cat] end cat2[#cat2+1] = cat end if maxvals > 0 and #cat2 >= maxvals then break end end out = {} for k1, v1 in ipairs(cat1) do for k2, v2 in ipairs(cat2) do if sk ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "|" .. sk .. "]]" elseif famname ~= "" then out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "|" .. famname .. "]]" else out[#out+1] = "[[" .. lp .. v1 .. " " .. join .. " " .. v2 .. "]]" end -- of check for sort keys end end args.noicon = "true" return assembleoutput(out, args, qid, pid1) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- qualsToTable takes most of the usual parameters. -- The usual whitelisting, blacklisting, onlysourced, etc. are implemented. -- A qid may be given, and the first unnamed parameter is the property ID, which is of type wikibase item. -- It takes a list of qualifier property IDs as |quals= -- For a given qid and property, it creates the rows of an html table, -- each row being a value of the property (optionally only if the property matches the value in |pval= ) -- each cell being the first value of the qualifier corresponding to the list in |quals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; setRanks; parseInput; sourced; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.qualsToTable = function(frame) local args = frame.args local quals = args.quals or "" if quals == "" then return "" end args.reqranks = setRanks(args.rank) local propertyID = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") local f = {} f.args = args local entityid, props = parseInput(f, "", propertyID) if not entityid then return "" end args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) args.lang = args.langobj.code local pval = args.pval or "" local qplist = mw.text.split(quals, "%p") -- split at punctuation and make a sequential table for i, v in ipairs(qplist) do qplist[i] = mw.text.trim(v):upper() -- remove whitespace and capitalise end local col1 = args.firstcol or "" if col1 ~= "" then col1 = col1 .. "</td><td>" end local emptycell = args.emptycell or "&nbsp;" -- construct a 2-D array of qualifier values in qvals local qvals = {} for i, v in ipairs(props) do local skip = false if pval ~= "" then local pid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if pid ~= pval then skip = true end end if not skip then local qval = {} local vqualifiers = v.qualifiers or {} -- go through list of wanted qualifier properties for i1, v1 in ipairs(qplist) do -- check for that property ID in the statement's qualifiers local qv, qtype if vqualifiers[v1] then qtype = vqualifiers[v1][1].datatype if qtype == "time" then if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == "value" then qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1]) qv = frame:expandTemplate{title="dts", args={qv}} else qv = "?" end elseif qtype == "url" then if vqualifiers[v1][1].snaktype == "value" then qv = mw.wikibase.renderSnak(vqualifiers[v1][1]) local display = mw.ustring.match( mw.uri.decode(qv, "WIKI"), "([%w ]+)$" ) if display then qv = "[" .. qv .. " " .. display .. "]" end end else qv = mw.wikibase.formatValue(vqualifiers[v1][1]) end end -- record either the value or a placeholder qval[i1] = qv or emptycell end -- of loop through list of qualifiers -- add the list of qualifier values as a "row" in the main list qvals[#qvals+1] = qval end end -- of for each value loop local out = {} for i, v in ipairs(qvals) do out[i] = "<tr><td>" .. col1 .. table.concat(qvals[i], "</td><td>") .. "</td></tr>" end return table.concat(out, "\n") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getGlobe takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- otherwise it uses the linked item for the current page. -- If returns the Qid of the globe used in P625 (coordinate location), -- or nil if there isn't one. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getGlobe = function(frame) local qid = frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end local coords = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1] local globeid if coords and coords.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then globeid = coords.mainsnak.datavalue.value.globe:match("(Q%d+)") end return globeid end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getCommonsLink takes an optional qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It returns one of the following in order of preference: -- the Commons sitelink of the linked Wikidata item; -- the Commons sitelink of the topic's main category of the linked Wikidata item; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getCommonslink(); _getSitelink(); parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getCommonsLink = function(frame) local oc = frame.args.onlycat or frame.args.onlycategories local fb = parseParam(frame.args.fallback or frame.args.fb, true) return _getCommonslink(frame.args.qid, oc, fb) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getSitelink takes the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- It takes an optional parameter |wiki= to determine which wiki is to be checked for a sitelink -- If the parameter is blank, then it uses the local wiki. -- If there is a sitelink to an article available, it returns the plain text link to the article -- If there is no sitelink, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getSiteLink = function(frame) return _getSitelink(frame.args.qid, frame.args.wiki or mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "")) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLink has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns a link to the article -- with the Wikidata label as the displayed text. -- If there is no sitelink, it returns the label as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLink = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID) local label = labelOrId(itemID) if sitelink then return "[[:" .. sitelink .. "|" .. label .. "]]" else return label end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLabel has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it displays the qid instead. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLabel = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end local lang = frame.args.lang or "" if lang == "" then lang = nil end local label = labelOrId(itemID, lang) return label end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- label has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- if no qid is supplied, it uses the qid associated with the current page. -- It returns the Wikidata label for the local language as plain text. -- If there is no label in the local language, it returns nil. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.label = function(frame) local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return end local lang = frame.args.lang or "" if lang == "" then lang = nil end local label, success = labelOrId(qid, lang) if success then return label end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAT (Article Title) -- has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as the first unnamed parameter or as |qid= -- If there is a sitelink to an article on the local Wiki, it returns the sitelink as plain text. -- If there is no sitelink or qid supplied, it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAT = function(frame) local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then return end return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(itemID) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getDescription has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted) -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter. -- Any local parameter passed (other than "Wikidata" or "none") becomes the return value. -- It returns the article description for the Wikidata entity if the local parameter is "Wikidata". -- Nothing is returned if the description doesn't exist or "none" is passed as the local parameter. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getDescription = function(frame) local desc = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") local itemID = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or "") if itemID == "" then itemID = nil end if desc:lower() == 'wikidata' then return mw.wikibase.getDescription(itemID) elseif desc:lower() == 'none' then return nil else return desc end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAliases has the qid of a Wikidata entity passed as |qid= -- (it defaults to the associated qid of the current article if omitted) -- and a local parameter passed as the first unnamed parameter. -- It implements blacklisting and whitelisting with a field name of "alias" by default. -- Any local parameter passed becomes the return value. -- Otherwise it returns the aliases for the Wikidata entity with the usual list options. -- Nothing is returned if the aliases do not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); assembleoutput() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAliases = function(frame) local args = frame.args local fieldname = args.name or "" if fieldname == "" then fieldname = "alias" end local blacklist = args.suppressfields or args.spf or "" if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return nil end local localval = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if localval ~= "" then return localval end local whitelist = args.fetchwikidata or args.fwd or "" if whitelist == "" then whitelist = "NONE" end if not (whitelist == 'ALL' or whitelist:find(fieldname)) then return nil end local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return nil end local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases if not aliases then return nil end args.langobj = findLang(args.lang) local langcode = args.langobj.code args.lang = langcode local out = {} for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do if v1[1].language == langcode then for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do out[#out+1] = v2.value end break end end return assembleoutput(out, args, qid) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- pageId returns the page id (entity ID, Qnnn) of the current page -- returns nothing if the page is not connected to Wikidata ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.pageId = function(frame) return mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatDate is a wrapper to export the private function format_Date ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: format_Date(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.formatDate = function(frame) return format_Date(frame.args[1], frame.args.df, frame.args.bc) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- location is a wrapper to export the private function _location -- it takes the entity-id as qid or the first unnamed parameter -- optional boolean parameter first toggles the display of the first item -- optional boolean parameter skip toggles the display to skip to the last item -- parameter debug=<y/n> (default 'n') adds error msg if not a location ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _location(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.location = function(frame) local debug = (frame.args.debug or ""):sub(1, 1):lower() if debug == "" then debug = "n" end local qid = mw.text.trim(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1] or ""):upper() if qid == "" then qid=mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then if debug ~= "n" then return i18n.errors["entity-not-found"] else return nil end end local first = mw.text.trim(frame.args.first or "") local skip = mw.text.trim(frame.args.skip or "") return table.concat( _location(qid, first, skip), ", " ) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkBlacklist implements a test to check whether a named field is allowed -- returns true if the field is not blacklisted (i.e. allowed) -- returns false if the field is blacklisted (i.e. disallowed) -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Joe |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}} -- displays "blacklisted" -- {{#if:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkBlacklist |name=Jim |suppressfields=Dave; Joe; Fred}} | not blacklisted | blacklisted}} -- displays "not blacklisted" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.checkBlacklist = function(frame) local blacklist = frame.args.suppressfields or frame.args.spf or "" local fieldname = frame.args.name or "" if blacklist ~= "" and fieldname ~= "" then if blacklist:find(fieldname) then return false else return true end else -- one of the fields is missing: let's call that "not on the list" return true end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- emptyor returns nil if its first unnamed argument is just punctuation, whitespace or html tags -- otherwise it returns the argument unchanged (including leading/trailing space). -- If the argument may contain "=", then it must be called explicitly: -- |1=arg -- (In that case, leading and trailing spaces are trimmed) -- It finds use in infoboxes where it can replace tests like: -- {{#if: {{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}} | <span class="xxx">{{#invoke:WikidatIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}</span> | }} -- with a form that uses just a single call to Wikidata: -- {{#invoke |WikidataIB |emptyor |1= <span class="xxx">{{#invoke:WikidataIB |getvalue |P99 |fwd=ALL}}</span> }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.emptyor = function(frame) local s = frame.args[1] or "" if s == "" then return nil end local sx = s:gsub("%s", ""):gsub("<[^>]*>", ""):gsub("%p", "") if sx == "" then return nil else return s end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- labelorid is a public function to expose the output of labelOrId() -- Pass the Q-number as |qid= or as an unnamed parameter. -- It returns the Wikidata label for that entity or the qid if no label exists. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: labelOrId ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.labelorid = function(frame) return (labelOrId(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1])) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getLang returns the MediaWiki language code of the current content. -- If optional parameter |style=full, it returns the language name. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getLang = function(frame) local style = (frame.args.style or ""):lower() local langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code if style == "full" then return mw.language.fetchLanguageName( langcode ) end return langcode end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getItemLangCode takes a qid parameter (using the current page's qid if blank) -- If the item for that qid has property country (P17) it looks at the first preferred value -- If the country has an official language (P37), it looks at the first preferred value -- If that official language has a language code (P424), it returns the first preferred value -- Otherwise it returns nothing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: _getItemLangCode() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getItemLangCode = function(frame) return _getItemLangCode(frame.args.qid or frame.args[1]) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- findLanguage exports the local findLang() function -- It takes an optional language code and returns, in order of preference: -- the code if a known language; -- the user's language, if set; -- the server's content language. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.findLanguage = function(frame) return findLang(frame.args.lang or frame.args[1]).code end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getQid returns the qid, if supplied -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID of the "category's main topic (P301)", if it exists -- failing that, the Wikidata entity ID associated with the current page, if it exists -- otherwise, nothing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getQid = function(frame) local qid = (frame.args.qid or ""):upper() -- check if a qid was passed; if so, return it: if qid ~= "" then return qid end -- check if there's a "category's main topic (P301)": qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if qid then local prop301 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P301") if prop301[1] then local mctid = prop301[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if mctid then return mctid end end end -- otherwise return the page qid (if any) return qid end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- followQid takes three optional parameters: qid, props, and all. -- If qid is not given, it uses the qid for the connected page -- or returns nil if there isn't one. -- props is a list of properties, separated by punctuation. -- If props is given, the Wikidata item for the qid is examined for each property in turn. -- If that property contains a value that is another Wikibase-item, that item's qid is returned, -- and the search terminates, unless |all=y when all of the qids are returned, sparated by spaces. -- If props is not given, the qid is returned. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p._followQid = function(args) local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() local all = parseParam(args.all, false) if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local out = {} local props = (args.props or ""):upper() if props ~= "" then for p in mw.text.gsplit(props, "%p") do -- split at punctuation and iterate p = mw.text.trim(p) for i, v in ipairs( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, p) ) do local linkedid = v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id if linkedid then if all then out[#out+1] = linkedid else return linkedid end -- test for all or just the first one found end -- test for value exists for that property end -- loop through values of property to follow end -- loop through list of properties to follow end if #out > 0 then return table.concat(out, " ") else return qid end end p.followQid = function(frame) return p._followQid(frame.args) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- globalSiteID returns the globalSiteID for the current wiki -- e.g. returns "enwiki" for the English Wikipedia, "enwikisource" for English Wikisource, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.globalSiteID = function(frame) return mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- siteID returns the root of the globalSiteID -- e.g. "en" for "enwiki", "enwikisource", etc. -- treats "en-gb" as "en", etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.siteID = function(frame) local txtlang = frame:preprocess( "{{int:lang}}" ) or "" -- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -> be-x-old if txtlang == "be-tarask" then return "be_x_old" end local pos = txtlang:find("-") local ret = "" if pos then ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1) else ret = txtlang end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- projID returns the code used to link to the reader's language's project -- e.g "en" for [[:en:WikidataIB]] -- treats "en-gb" as "en", etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.projID = function(frame) local txtlang = frame:preprocess( "{{int:lang}}" ) or "" -- This deals with specific exceptions: be-tarask -> be-x-old if txtlang == "be-tarask" then return "be-x-old" end local pos = txtlang:find("-") local ret = "" if pos then ret = txtlang:sub(1, pos-1) else ret = txtlang end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- formatNumber formats a number according to the the supplied language code ("|lang=") -- or the default language if not supplied. -- The number is the first unnamed parameter or "|num=" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.formatNumber = function(frame) local lang local num = tonumber(frame.args[1] or frame.args.num) or 0 lang = findLang(frame.args.lang) return lang:formatNum( num ) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- examine dumps the property (the unnamed parameter or pid) -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid' (or the other unnamed parameter) -- or from the item corresponding to the current page if qid is not supplied. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |pid=P26 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26 |Q42}} or any combination of these -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |examine |P26}} for the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.examine = function( frame ) local args if frame.args[1] or frame.args.pid or frame.args.qid then args = frame.args else args = frame:getParent().args end local par = {} local pid = (args.pid or ""):upper() local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() par[1] = mw.text.trim( args[1] or "" ):upper() par[2] = mw.text.trim( args[2] or "" ):upper() table.sort(par) if par[2]:sub(1,1) == "P" then par[1], par[2] = par[2], par[1] end if pid == "" then pid = par[1] end if qid == "" then qid = par[2] end local q1 = qid:sub(1,1) if pid:sub(1,1) ~= "P" then return "No property supplied" end if q1 ~= "Q" and q1 ~= "M" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return "No item for this page" end return "<pre>" .. mw.dumpObject( mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid ) ) .. "</pre>" end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkvalue looks for 'val' as a wikibase-item value of a property (the unnamed parameter or pid) -- from the item given by the parameter 'qid' -- or from the Wikidata item associated with the current page if qid is not supplied. -- It only checks ranks that are requested (preferred and normal by default) -- If property is not supplied, then P31 (instance of) is assumed. -- It returns val if found or nothing if not found. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |pid=P31 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |qid=Q42}} -- or {{#invoke:WikidataIB |checkvalue |val=Q5 |P31}} for the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.checkvalue = function( frame ) local args if frame.args.val then args = frame.args else args = frame:getParent().args end local val = args.val if not val then return nil end local pid = mw.text.trim(args.pid or args[1] or "P31"):upper() local qid = (args.qid or ""):upper() if pid:sub(1,1) ~= "P" then return nil end if qid:sub(1,1) ~= "Q" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end ranks = setRanks(args.rank) local stats = {} if ranks.b then stats = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid) else stats = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements( qid, pid ) end if not stats[1] then return nil end if stats[1].mainsnak.datatype == "wikibase-item" then for k, v in pairs( stats ) do ms = v.mainsnak if ranks[v.rank:sub(1,1)] and ms.snaktype == "value" and ms.datavalue.value.id == val then return val end end end return nil end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- url2 takes a parameter url= that is a proper url and formats it for use in an infobox. -- If no parameter is supplied, it returns nothing. -- This is the equivalent of Template:URL -- but it keeps the "edit at Wikidata" pen icon out of the microformat. -- Usually it will take its url parameter directly from a Wikidata call: -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |url2 |url={{wdib |P856 |qid=Q23317 |fwd=ALL |osd=no}} }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.url2 = function(frame) local txt = frame.args.url or "" if txt == "" then return nil end local url, icon = txt:match("(.+)&nbsp;(.+)") url = url or txt icon = icon or "" local prot, addr = url:match("(http[s]*://)(.+)") prot = prot or url addr = addr or "" -- strip trailing / from end of domain-only url and add <wbr/> before . and / local disp, n = addr:gsub( "^([^/]+)/$", "%1" ):gsub("%/", "<wbr/>/"):gsub("%.", "<wbr/>.") return '<span class="url">[' .. prot .. addr .. " " .. disp .. "]</span>&nbsp;" .. icon end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getWebsite fetches the Official website (P856) and formats it for use in an infobox. -- This is similar to Template:Official website but with a url displayed, -- and it adds the "edit at Wikidata" pen icon beyond the microformat if enabled. -- A local value will override the Wikidata value. "NONE" returns nothing. -- e.g. {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getWebsite |qid= |noicon= |lang= |url= }} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: findLang(); parseParam(); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getWebsite = function(frame) local url = frame.args.url or "" if url:upper() == "NONE" then return nil end local qid = frame.args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return nil end local urls = {} local quals = {} if url == "" then local prop856 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P856") for k, v in pairs(prop856) do if v.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" then urls[#urls+1] = v.mainsnak.datavalue.value if v.qualifiers and v.qualifiers["P1065"] then -- just take the first archive url (P1065) local au = v.qualifiers["P1065"][1] if au.snaktype == "value" then quals[#urls] = au.datavalue.value end -- test for archive url having a value end -- test for qualifers end -- test for website having a value end -- loop through website(s) else urls[1] = url end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local out = {} for i, u in ipairs(urls) do local link = quals[i] or u local prot, addr = u:match("(http[s]*://)(.+)") addr = addr or u local disp, n = addr:gsub("%.", "<wbr/>%.") out[#out+1] = '<span class="url">[' .. link .. " " .. disp .. "]</span>" end local langcode = findLang(frame.args.lang).code local noicon = parseParam(frame.args.noicon, false) if url == "" and not noicon then out[#out] = out[#out] .. createicon(langcode, qid, "P856") end local ret = "" if #out > 1 then ret = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = "ubl", args = out} else ret = out[1] end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllLabels fetches the set of labels and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllLabels = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local labels = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).labels if not labels then return i18n["labels-not-found"] end local out = {} for k, v in pairs(labels) do out[#out+1] = v.value .. " (" .. v.language .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllDescriptions fetches the set of descriptions and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllDescriptions = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local descriptions = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).descriptions if not descriptions then return i18n["descriptions-not-found"] end local out = {} for k, v in pairs(descriptions) do out[#out+1] = v.value .. " (" .. v.language .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getAllAliases fetches the set of aliases and formats it for display as wikitext. -- It takes a parameter 'qid' for arbitrary access, otherwise it uses the current page. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getAllAliases = function(frame) local args = frame.args or frame:getParent().args or {} local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then return i18n["entity-not-found"] end local aliases = mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).aliases if not aliases then return i18n["aliases-not-found"] end local out = {} for k1, v1 in pairs(aliases) do local lang = v1[1].language local val = {} for k1, v2 in ipairs(v1) do val[#val+1] = v2.value end out[#out+1] = table.concat(val, ", ") .. " (" .. lang .. ")" end return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- showNoLinks displays the article titles that should not be linked. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.showNoLinks = function(frame) local out = {} for k, v in pairs(donotlink) do out[#out+1] = k end table.sort( out ) return table.concat(out, "; ") end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- checkValidity checks whether the first unnamed parameter represents a valid entity-id, -- that is, something like Q1235 or P123. -- It returns the strings "true" or "false". -- Change false to nil to return "true" or "" (easier to test with #if:). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: none ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.checkValidity(frame) local id = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then return true else return false end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getEntityFromTitle returns the Entity-ID (Q-number) for a given title. -- Modification of Module:ResolveEntityId -- The title is the first unnamed parameter. -- The site parameter determines the site/language for the title. Defaults to current wiki. -- The showdab parameter determines whether dab pages should return the Q-number or nil. Defaults to true. -- Returns the Q-number or nil if it does not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEntityFromTitle(frame) local args=frame.args if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end if not args[1] then return nil end local title = mw.text.trim(args[1]) local site = args.site or "" local showdab = parseParam(args.showdab, true) qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(title, site) if qid then local prop31 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P31")[1] if not showdab and prop31 and prop31.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == "Q4167410" then return nil else return qid end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- getDatePrecision returns the number representing the precision of the first best date value -- for the given property. -- It takes the qid and property ID -- The meanings are given at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/DataModel#Dates_and_times -- 0 = 1 billion years .. 6 = millennium, 7 = century, 8 = decade, 9 = year, 10 = month, 11 = day -- Returns 0 (or the second unnamed parameter) if the Wikidata does not exist. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Dependencies: parseParam; sourced; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getDatePrecision(frame) local args=frame.args if not args[1] then args=frame:getParent().args end local default = tonumber(args[2] or args.default) or 0 local prop = mw.text.trim(args[1] or "") if prop == "" then return default end local qid = args.qid or "" if qid == "" then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if not qid then return default end local onlysrc = parseParam(args.onlysourced or args.osd, true) local stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, prop) for i, v in ipairs(stat) do local prec = (onlysrc == false or sourced(v)) and v.mainsnak.datavalue and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value and v.mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision if prec then return prec end end return default end return p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List of exported functions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ _getValue getValue getPreferredValue getCoords getQualifierValue getSumOfParts getValueByQual getValueByLang getValueByRefSource getPropertyIDs getQualifierIDs getPropOfProp getAwardCat getIntersectCat getGlobe getCommonsLink getSiteLink getLink getLabel label getAT getDescription getAliases pageId formatDate location checkBlacklist emptyor labelorid getLang getItemLangCode findLanguage getQID followQid globalSiteID siteID projID formatNumber examine checkvalue url2 getWebsite getAllLabels getAllDescriptions getAllAliases showNoLinks checkValidity getEntityFromTitle getDatePrecision --]] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nhqstaasrz60hftn6kme47ph8g5ith2 828 8630 74159 2020-12-12T14:57:38Z Sivenirwa 9347 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:I18n Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759 -- cc-by-sa 3.0 local function tableMerge(t1, t2, overwrite) for k,v in pairs(t2) do if type(v) == "table" and type(t1[k]) == "table" then -- since type(t1[k]) == type(v) == "table", so t1[k] and v is true tableMerge(t1[k], v, overwrite) -- t2[k] == v else if overwrite or t1[k] == nil then t1[k] = v end end end return t1 end function p.loadI18n(name, i18n_arg) local exist, res = pcall(require, name) if exist and next(res) ~= nil then if i18n_arg then tableMerge(i18n_arg, res.i18n, true) elseif type(i18n) == "table" then -- merge to global i18n tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n, true) end end end function p.loadI18nFrame(frame, i18n_arg) p.loadI18n(frame:getTitle().."/i18n", i18n_arg) end return p pggbb6d78fzqixjoboirtmh9ljkxsuq 10 8631 74160 2020-12-12T14:59:47Z Sivenirwa 9347 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Main_other wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} | main | other }} }} | main = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ngt28vb1n5t4bh1su57btnqyofkd1d5 0 8632 79000 74167 2021-08-30T11:41:07Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Persian Language Location Map.svg|thumb|250px|Kinyaperisi]] [[Dosiye:Dorzesayeban.jpg|thumb|IKinyaperisi]] '''Kinyaperisi''' (پارسی) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Irani]], [[Afuganisitani]], [[Tajikisitani]], [[Uzubekisitani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''fas'''.<ref> [https://asianstudies.unc.edu/persian/ persian]</ref> == Alfabeti y’Kinyaperisi == Kinyaperisi kigizwe n’inyuguti 32 : {| style="font-family:Arial; font-size:30px; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ا | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ب | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | پ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ت | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ث | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ج | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | چ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ح |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | خ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | د | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ذ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ر | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ز | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ژ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | س | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ش |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ص | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ض | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ط | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ظ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ع | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | غ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ف | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ق |- | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ک | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | گ | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ل | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | م | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ن | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | و | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ه | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ی |} == Imibare == *'''یک''' &ndash; rimwe *'''دو''' &ndash; kabiri *'''سه''' &ndash; gatatu *'''چهار''' &ndash; kane *'''پنج''' &ndash; gatanu *'''شش''' &ndash; gatandatu *'''هفت''' &ndash; karindwi *'''هشت''' &ndash; umunani *'''نه''' &ndash; icyenda *'''ده''' &ndash; icyumi == Wikipediya mu gitajiki == *[https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%D9%94_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C ویکی‌پدیای فارسی] == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Indimi z’igihinde-buraya]] 6ty9js3vy12nx0kulv9nuevi4sn4bbx 0 8635 74187 74186 2020-12-22T16:00:39Z 2A01:E35:2EDC:26D0:D597:369:4D1D:3EBE wikitext text/x-wiki Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), nanone yitwa Fox, Red Fox cyangwa, ibaye imbonekarimwe, Goupil (izina ryayo mu myaka yo hagati, mbere yuko intsinzi ya Roman de Renart ihindura iri zina ryambere ry’inkomoko y’Ubudage rikaba izina rusange), ni ubwoko bwa Canidae buringaniye. Ni imbwebwe ikunze kugaragara muri Aziya, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Afurika y'Amajyaruguru na Ositaraliya. Ni inyamaswa z’inyamabere zifite ikote ritukura ryanditseho umweru munsi yinda nu muhogo, umunwa werekeza, ugutwi ugatwi umurizo. Ubwoko bushyirwa muburyo bwa Carnivora, ariko bufite indyo yiganjemo inyamanswa zose, kandi bugaburira cyane cyane imbeba ninkwavu, ariko kandi nudukoko, amafi cyangwa imbuto. Afite amahirwe rero cyane, amwemerera kumenyera ibidukikije bitandukanye no guhindura imirire ye ukurikije ukwezi kwumwaka. Red Fox yororoka, bitewe n'akarere, kuva Ukuboza kugeza Gashyantare, kubyara mugihe cyiza (geste yiminsi 50). Ibi bikorwa mubuhungiro bwa burrow, mugihe, umwaka usigaye, imbwebwe ibaho hafi yumuyaga. Abakiri bato babanje kugaburirwa namata ya nyina, hanyuma, buhoro buhoro, ababyeyi bombi babazanira inyama. Batangira kuva mu mwobo nyuma y'ibyumweru bine, bonsa mu byumweru icyenda, kandi, nyuma yo kumara icyi hamwe n'ababyeyi babo, bagatatana kugwa. Ingano yo gutatana nubunini bwimyanda iratandukanye ukurikije ibiribwa byibidukikije ndetse nimpfu, bigatuma amoko agenzura umubare wacyo. Amahirwe yacyo no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, byayemereye gukoroniza igice kinini cy'isi yo mu majyaruguru, bituma iba imwe mu nyamaswa z’inyamabere zikwirakwizwa ku isi. [https://renard-boutique.myshopify.com Red Fox] ni inyamaswa ifatwa nk'amayeri, kandi akenshi igereranywa nko mu migani, nko mu migani ya Aesop, iyo fabuliste Jean de La Fontaine ayifata nyuma, cyangwa mu migani yo muri Aziya, aho agaragara nk'umugome kandi yahawe. imbaraga zubumaji. Irahigwa kubera ubwoya bwayo, kugirango yishimishe, kubera kwamburwa amatungo mato mato kandi nanone kubera ko iyo mbwebwe ari imwe mu ndwara z’ibisazi na alveolar echinococcose, ariko ubukangurambaga bwo gukingira indwara y’indwara kurandura vuba ibisazi bivuye mu Burayi bwi Burengerazuba. Mu Burayi, imbwa zabujijwe buhoro buhoro kuva mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri. Buhoro buhoro, Red Fox ishora mumijyi, igaburira imyanda kandi ihungira muri parike nubusitani ahantu hatuwe. Imirima yashizweho kugirango itange isoko ryubwoya. [[File:Alaska Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes).jpg|thumb]] tm3tk5s0gp8zhyl6t9cgdiy2zq4ie7q 14 8636 74194 2020-12-29T13:53:31Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umuntu ufite ababyeyi bombi b'abanyarwanda Umuntu ufite umwe mu babyeyi be w'umunyarwanda Umuntu ufite ubwenegihugu bw'u Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu ufite ababyeyi bombi b'abanyarwanda Umuntu ufite umwe mu babyeyi be w'umunyarwanda Umuntu ufite ubwenegihugu bw'u Rwanda 9easqon7ndvjhikvsmyky4sfg1j9cgc 14 8637 74195 2020-12-29T14:11:32Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Banki nkuru y'U Rwanda ni banki ifite inshingano zo kureberera andi mabanki." wikitext text/x-wiki Banki nkuru y'U Rwanda ni banki ifite inshingano zo kureberera andi mabanki. q79xvsnr82ex86a5wb0l26qsjc6o5gq 14 8638 74196 2020-12-29T14:13:35Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi mu mategeko." wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi mu mategeko. pwi09iiw8s6ukk8o63027y128mlq0au 14 8639 74197 2020-12-29T14:14:53Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umunyarwandakazi ni Umunyarwanda w'igitsina gore." wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi ni Umunyarwanda w'igitsina gore. 25g1ndtzbbcsct6npkna6if17ud8f2g 14 8640 74198 2020-12-29T14:16:04Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umuntu uyobora ikigo cya leta cyangwa cy'ubucuruzi." wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu uyobora ikigo cya leta cyangwa cy'ubucuruzi. jw9cqx5q7k9wa00zc58j84vl05yeuyi 0 8647 82003 77832 2022-02-12T04:40:38Z 2A03:2880:32FF:77:0:0:FACE:B00C Shaka zulu wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bibliothèque_ENIB_-_Espace_Sciences_Humaines_et_Sociales.JPG|thumb|Isomero ry'ibitabo hi bivuga ku nkuru za Sciences Humaines et Sociales]] ABAHANGA NIBO BAVUZE KO INDIRIMBO ZISHOBORA KUGUFASHA IGIHE WIGUNZE. [[Dosiye:Portable radio Olympic-401, by Mykola Lebid (1977).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|isakaza majwi]] m230x5jgn8fegdc8oci3q3l79scr2tz 14 8655 74249 2021-01-14T14:52:49Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umuntu ukora umurimo wo kuvura abana" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu ukora umurimo wo kuvura abana 3ttbqlzyo7bcx94regxe64q3dwxqt3e 14 8656 74250 2021-01-14T14:54:13Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Abantu bi igitsina gore bakora umurimo wo kuvura." wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu bi igitsina gore bakora umurimo wo kuvura. jfbtgjxmbr29mqkzomustzkrtd4qwpm 14 8657 74251 2021-01-14T14:55:30Z VMugenzi 9176 Created page with "Umwe mu migabane igize isi." wikitext text/x-wiki Umwe mu migabane igize isi. e2hntcbeu7zcsdy602b6ga2x1dqbf1s 14 8658 74252 2021-01-14T14:58:32Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki '''Goma''' ni umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Kivu y'amajyaruguru, intara yo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. ow0bc17x8sjb8hegvh35jbcmd6cg7xg 14 8659 74253 2021-01-14T15:01:15Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Imyitozo ngororamubiri njv79fwlvk967amb4repnca40o2oomv 0 8662 76290 74272 2021-07-22T14:33:49Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inside of Rwanda culture house.jpg|thumb|imitako ya kinyarwanda]] '''Made in Rwanda''' ni amagambo y'icyongereza avuga ibikorerwa mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amavu n'amavuko == '''Made in Rwanda''' yatangiye nk'ubukangurambaga mu kongera ubumenyi ku nyungu zo kugura ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu Rwanda. Imwe mu nyungu z'ubukangurambaga bwo kumenyekanisha íbikorerwa mu Rwanda, hashyizweho politiki yagutse yo kongera ingano y'ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu '''Rwanda''' bikenewe ku isoko<ref>https://rwandatrade.rw/media/2017%20MINICOM%20Made%20in%20Rwanda%20Policy%20(1).pdf</ref>. == Aho byakuwe == <references /> kzz8so55hu8wmg66lj83anqzjzkheng 0 8665 77557 77453 2021-08-13T11:25:08Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Bruce-.jpg|Bruce-.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Fitindia|Fitindia]] because: No permission since 5 August 2021. wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itahiwacu Bruce''' uzwi nka '''Bruce Melodie''' ni umwanditsi w'indirimbo n'umuririmbyi w'[[umunyarwanda]]. == Amateka == Bruce melody ni umuhanzi nyarwanda w' icyamamare <nowiki>[[Itahiwacu]]</nowiki> akoresha izina ry’ubuhanzi rya Bruce Melodie yavutse mu 1992, avukira i Kanombe. Ise yitwa Gervain Ntibihangana na mama we Velene Muteteri. Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w’abana bane. Amashuri abanza yayatangiriye ku kigo cyitwa Camp Kanombe, i Kanombe. Amashuri yisumbuye yayatangiriye i Kanombe ahitwa EFOTEC, aza kuyarangiriza ahitwa Islamique i Rwamagana. '''Uko yinjiye mu buhanzi akiri muto''' Yakuriye mu kuririmba mu rusengero rwa Kanombe (rw’abarokore), avugako yahimbiga indirimbo ariko bakaziha abandi bakaba ari bo bazitera. Ntabwo bamuhaga umwanya wo kwigaragaza. [[Dosiye:Concert_blue_lights.jpg|thumb|Bruce Melodie mu buzima bwe yagiye arangwa no gukunda akazi maze nyuma bimufasha kwitabira ibitaramo byinshi bitandukanye ku isi.]] Ibyo byaramubabaje bituma abivamo. Nyuma aza kujya muri studio mu 2006, kuri Producer Jackson Daddoey ariko iyo ndirimbo ntabwo yigeze irangira. Uwo muproducer ntabwo yarangije indirimbo ndetse na murumuna we, Naason, yaje kumuha nawe iyo ndirimbo iramunanira. Ibyo byatumye acika intege asa nk’uretse umuziki. Yaje gusubira muri studio mu 2010, akora indirimbo yitwa “Inkovu” ariko kubera amasomo ntabwo yabonye umwanya wo kuyamamaza cyane ngo imenyekane. Yaje gusubira muri studio mu 2011, akora indirimbo yitwa “Ngiye Kubivuga”, nyuma aza gukora “Tubivemo” ayikorewe na Producer Fazzo. Izo nizo ndirimbo yakwita indirimbo ze za mbere. “Tubivemo” yo niyo ndirimbo yakoze yumva ibaye nk’uko ashaka. === '''Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize''' === Bruce Melodie yavutse mu 1992, avukira i Kanombe. Se yitwa Gervain Ntibihangana na nyina akitwa Velene Muteteri. Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w’abana bane. Amashuri abanza yayize ku kigo cyitwa Camp Kanombe, i Kanombe. Amashuri yisumbuye yayatangiriye i Kanombe kuri EFOTEC, ayarangiriza kuri Islamique i Rwamagana. === '''Urugendo rwe mu muziki''' === Bruce Melodie yakuze aririmba mu rusengero rw’abarokore i Kanombe, yabahimbiraga indirimbo ariko bakaziha abandi bakaba ari bo bazitera. Ntabwo bamuhaga umwanya wo kwigaragaza. Ibyo byaramubabaje bituma ava muri korari. Nyuma yaje kujya muri studio mu 2006, ku umuntu producer Jackson Daddoey ariko iyo ndirimbo ntabwo yigeze irangira. Ibyo byatumye akomeza gucika intege ndetse asa n’uretse umuziki. Yasubiye muri studio mu 2010, akora indirimbo yitwa “Inkovu” ariko kubera amasomo ntabwo yabonye umwanya wo kuyamamaza cyane ngo imenyekane. Yaje gusubira muri studio mu 2011, akora indirimbo yitwa “'''Ngiye Kubivuga'''”, nyuma aza gukora “'''Tubivemo'''” ayikorewe na Producer Fazzo<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/bruce-melodie/biography-24206</ref>. Indirimbo <nowiki>''</nowiki>'''Tubivemo<nowiki>''</nowiki>''' niyo yatumye amenyekana<ref>http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/twaganiriye-na-bruce-melody/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2017, Bruce Melodie yabaye umuririmbyi wa mbere witabiriye ibitaramo bitegurwa na Coke Studio aho yahuriye na abandi bahanzi bo mu bihugu bitandukanye bya [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/217445</ref>. [[Dosiye:QueenConcert.jpg|thumb|Uyu muhanzi akunzwe n'abantu benshi mu Rwanda arinabyo byagiye bimufasha gutwa ibihembo byinshi binyuranye birimo Gumaguma n'ibindi.]] === Ibihembo Bruce Melodie yahataniye === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka !Igihembo !Ikiciro !icyahatanye !Ibisubizo !Aho Byakuwe |- |2014 |Ibihembo bya Salax |Umuhanzi mwiza wa RnB |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |accessdate=2021-01-22 |archive-date=2014-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118034858/http://igihe.tv/imyidagaduro/salax-awards-ku-nshuro-ya-gatandatu-yitabiriwe-n-abantu-mbarwa.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/Salax-Awards-ntiyitabiriwe-cyane-ugereranije-na-mbere</ref> |- |2017 |Ibihembo bya HiPipo |Indirimbo y'umwaka (Rwanda) |Turaberanye |Yaratowe |<ref>https://bigeye.ug/hipipo-music-awards-heres-full-list-winners/</ref> |- |2018 |Ibihembo bya Primus Guma Guma Super Star |Umuhanzi mwiza |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/bruce-melodie-reveals-secret-behind-winning-primus-guma-guma-show</ref> |- |2019 |Ibihembo bya Salax |Umuhanzi mwiza wa RnB |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref name=":0">https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salax-awards-rwanda-2019-all-winners</ref> |- |2019 |Ibihembo bya Salax |Umuhanzi mwiza w' umugabo |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2019 |Ibihembo bya Kiss Summer |Umahanzi mwiza |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93370/abegukanye-ibihembo-bya-kiss-summer-awards-2019-batangajwe-amafoto-93370.html</ref> |- |2019 |Ibihembo bya HiPipo |Indirimbo ifite amashusho meza |Blocka |Yaracyegukanye |<ref>https://regionweek.com/the-final-list-of-the-hipipo-music-awards-winners-8th-edition/</ref> |- |2020 |Ibihembo bya Kiss Summer |Indirimbo yúmwaka |Saa moya |Yaratowe |<ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/who-won-what-kiss-summer-awards-2020</ref> |- |2020 |Ibihembo bya Kiss Summer |Umuhanzi mwiza |Bruce Melodie |Yaracyegukanye |<ref name=":1" /> |} == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Umuziki]] [[Category:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Abavutse mu 1992]] [[Category:Abahanzi]] [[Category:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] 0cp46eqgsmikmjmzdj6rdxmr5cq5nzg 14 8666 74288 2021-01-22T13:58:50Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu b'igitsina gore bafite inshingano zo kuyobora abandi prusq6veho9fdiuptf2cmjdqpq4mbui 14 8667 74289 2021-01-22T14:00:17Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu b'igitsina gore bakora cyangwa baharanira iterambere mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi ayesogcul8zdlsmdf50lla0g2rxvb5p 14 8668 74290 2021-01-22T14:02:03Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu bakomoka mu [[Rwanda]] cga bafite ubwenegihugu bw' u [[Rwanda]] bakora ubuhanzi 4xzx89c43x2ugbzbdr23nm4stk24lbc 14 8669 74291 2021-01-22T14:04:03Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu bavutse hagati yo kuwa 1 Mutarama no kuwa 31 Ukuboza 1992 qtmjzm7w39406igaq42fqva17n5o97i 14 8670 74292 2021-01-22T14:05:27Z VMugenzi 9176 created wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu ufite uburambe 5vx50b30qbf9w9kz95t75sx79a7mbjc 0 8671 81345 77642 2022-01-15T06:17:24Z 2A03:2880:32FF:76:0:0:FACE:B00C /* Reba */ abagirl wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:OLPC_Laptops_at_school_in_Rwanda1.jpg|thumb|'''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' yabaye minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda kuva 2008-2009]] {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|occupation=|otherparty=<!--For additional political affiliations-->|spouse=|partner=<!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->|relations=|children=|residence=|alma_mater=[[Makerere University]]<br>[[University of East Anglia]]|profession=|nationality=|cabinet=|committees=|portfolio=|religion=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=|party=|birthname=|name=Daphrose Gahakwa|term_start=March 2008|image=|imagesize=|smallimage=|alt=|caption=|order=|office=Rwandan Minister of Education|term_end=July 2009|restingplacecoordinates=|predecessor=|successor=[[Charles Murigande]]|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|restingplace=|footnotes=}}'''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wabaye Minisitiri w’uburezi kuva 2008 kugeza 2009. Gahakwa yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], arangiza muri kaminuza ya Makerere na Bachelor muri Science mu 1996. Yakomeje kubona impamyabumenyi ya MSc mu bworozi bw'ibihingwa (1997) na PhD (2001) yakuye muri kaminuza ya Anglia y'Uburasirazuba mu Bwongereza. <ref></ref> PhD ye yiswe "Molecular na Biochemical Studies of Transgene imvugo yumuceri n'ibigori". Yagizwe Minisitiri w’uburezi nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’abaminisitiri muri Werurwe 2008, mbere yari Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi. Muri Nyakanga 2009, yasimbuwe ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’uburezi na Charles Murigande . Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] . == Reba == {{Reflist}} Indaya pgtt61e63ctzlhuq4vu41poiqh4ot1c 0 8672 78091 74611 2021-08-20T22:34:54Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki wabaye Minisitiri w’uburezi kuva 2008 kugeza 2009. == Ubuzima bwe == === Amashuri yize === [[Dosiye:University_of_East_Anglia_and_the_University_of_East_Anglia_Broad.jpg|thumb|University of East Anglia yo mu Bwongereza aho '''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri 2001. ]] Gahakwa yize ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buhinzi muri kaminuza ya Makerere mu mwaka 1974. yabonye impamyamubenyi ihanitse mu 1996 mu bijyanye no kubangurira ibihingwa hagamijwe iterambere ni impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu 2001 ayikuye muri [[University of East Anglia]] yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]<ref>https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=290</ref>. === Imirimo yakoze === [[Dosiye:Pesticides_application_02.jpg|thumb|'''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' yabaye umukozi ushinzwe gahunda y'abahinzi bato ku rwego rw'akarere ka Bushenyi muri Uganda mu mwaka 1979]] '''Daphrose Mukankubito Gahakwa''' yabaye umukozi ushinzwe gahunda y'abahinzi bato ku rwego rw'akarere ka [[Bushenyi]] muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu mwaka 1979. Nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi wa abahinzi Kasese nkushinzwe kugerageza gahunda yo kuhira ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi. Mu 2001, yabaye Umugenzuzi Mukuru w'Ubuhinzi ushinzwe kugerageza ibikoresho bikomoka ku bimera bikwirakwizwa. Mu 2004, yagizwe Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi mu Rwanda<ref>http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Policy_Dialogue/48th_ICE/Messages/rwanda_MIN08.pdf</ref>. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Uganda]] [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Ubuhinzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 3tdfp4ujdotbgfqgjsnabumemgl28s7 0 8673 79536 76233 2021-10-20T11:40:27Z NGABOGMARS 10242 ndaba wikitext text/x-wiki Urutare rwa Ndaba ni urutare ruherereye ku muhanda uva mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] ujya mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]],mu birometero makumyabiri(20km) uvuye mu mugi wa [[Karongi (Akarere)]], uru rutare rumanukaho amazi menshi kandi meza. [[Dosiye:Les_Chutes_de_Ndaba.jpg|thumb|Urutare rwa ndaba ruhererereye mu Karere ka Karongi]] == Amateka == Urutare rwa Ndaba ruri mu hantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane mu [[Rwanda]] kandi hakurura abakerarugendo cyane,benshi mu basura uru rutare rumanukaho amazi meza y'urwererane amateka yarwo atangaza benshi. Urutare rwa Ndaba bivugwa ko rwitiriwe umugabo witwa Ndaba wakundaga akaryoshye cyane ariko ubuki. Bivugwa kandi bigahamwa cyane n'abahatuye ko uyu mugabo yajyanye nabagenzi be guhakura ubuki bw'inzuki zabaga mu mwobo wari hagati muri urwo rutare, maze bakamwoherezayo ngo abazanire ubuki, aho guhakura ngo azanire bagenzi be agahakura yirira, bagenzi be bakomeza kurambirwa kuko bari bafashe umugozi wari uziritse ndaba munda ngo umufate kera kabaye baza kurambirwa baramurekura yikubita mu manga yuru rutare rurerure rufite hafi metero ijana z'ubujyakuzimu, maze arapfa.[https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/amwe-mu-mateka-y-urutare-rwa-ndaba] ni urutare rumanukaho amazi == Akamaro ku baturage == <ref>https://twitter.com/gatera_joshua/status/1024177897660182528</ref>Uko urutare rwa Ndaba rurushaho kugenda rwamamara niko benshi mu bakerarugendo barushaho kuhasura cyane, bikinjiriza amadevise igihugu ndetse n'ubukungu bwabahatuye bukiyongera, ibi kandi byatumye benshi mu bana bo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], umurenge wa Rubengera, bava mu ishuri bakajya kubwira amateka y'uru rutare abakerarugendo mu ndimi zitandukanye harimo mu [[Ikinyarwanda]], icyongereza ndetse n'igiswahiri.[http://popote.rw/bataye-ishuri-bahitamo-kujya-basobanura-amateka-yurutare-rwa-ndaba/] == Aho ruherereye == [[File:Ndaba rock.jpg|alt=Uko amazi amanuka ku rutare rwa Ndaba|thumb|Uko amazi amanuka ku rutare rwa Ndaba]] Urutare rwa Ndaba ruherereye mu ntara y'uburengerazuba ku muhanda wa kaburimbo uva mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] ujya mu mugi wa karongi mu birometero makumyabiri uvuye mu Gitetsi mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]].[http://celebzmagazine.com/ibyo-utamenye-ku-nkomoko-yizina-urutare-rwa-ndaba/] == Igihe rumaze == Nta gihe runaka kizwi uru rutare rwa ndaba rwaba rumaze, abahatuye bakuze ndetse banahavukiye nibo bavuga amateka yaho,nabo bavuga ko bavutse ruhari kandi ko nabo bakuze bumva inkuru y'umugabo Ndaba wazize[[ inda mbi no kutuzuza umugambi cyangwa inama yagiranye na bagenzi be bikarangira aguye ku birenge byuru rutare agapfa.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dp3MBsFH_o4</ref> == Reba kandi == Rwanda Development Board tourism information<ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/tourism/</ref> Urutare rwa kamegeri<ref>http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Urutare_rwa_Kamegeri</ref> Ahantu nyaburanga mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2018/10/15/amateka-yurutare-rwa-kamegeri-na-ndaba/</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] [[Category:Ahantunyaburanga]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 4jn5xuhch8vlkcys120bmce74zu4lc7 0 8674 80778 80777 2021-11-25T20:11:02Z 86.140.223.220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bikira Mariya w'IKibeho''' ni izina ryahawe '''amabonekerwa''' ya Mariya yerekeye ingimbi nyinshi, mu myaka ya za 1980 i [[Kibeho]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] . Niyo mabonekerwa yonyine yemewe Vatikani kumugabane wa [[Afurika|Afrika]] . <ref name=":0">Curran, Bridget. ''The Miracles of Mary: Everyday Encounters of Beauty and Grace''. 2010, page 128</ref> Biboneka ko amabonekerwa yamenyesheje ubutumwa butandukanye abanyeshuri, harimwo iyerekwa rya apocarite w'U [[Rwanda]] rumanuka mu ihohoterwa n'inzangano, bikaba bishoboka ko byahanuye [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryo]] mu 1994. <ref>Immaculée Ilibagiza, Steve Erwin. ''Our Lady of Kibeho: Mary Speaks to the World from the Heart of Africa''. 2008, page xvii</ref> [[File:NyaruguruDist.png|thumb|Ikarita ya karere ka nyaruguru aho Kibeho iherereye.]] Mu 2001, umwepiskopi waho wa [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] yemeye ku mugaragaro iyerekwa ry’abanyeshuri batatu b’ishuri ko ari ukuri. <ref name=":0">Curran, Bridget. ''The Miracles of Mary: Everyday Encounters of Beauty and Grace''. 2010, page 128</ref> == Amabonekerwa == [[File:Monument of our lady Kabgayi.jpg|thumb|Monument of our lady Kabgayi]][[File:Monument of our lady Kabgayi.jpg|thumb|Monument of our lady Kabgayi]] [[Kibeho]] ni umudugudu muto uherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibonekerwa ryavuzwe ko ryatangiye ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1981, muri iki gihe amakimbirane yariyongereye hagati y’imitwe [[Abatutsi|y’abatutsi]] n’abahutu . Byabereye mu ishuri rya [[Kibeho]], mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa, kandi harimo umwijima mu [[Rwanda]] rwinjira mu ihohoterwa n’inzangano benshi bemeza ko byahanuye [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. [[File:KIBEHO Yezu nyirimpuhwe.jpg|thumb|Ishusho ya Yezu Nyirimpuhwe Kibeho]] Mu myaka ya za 1980, Bikira Mariya nibwo yabonekeye abakobwa batatu bakiri bato, yiyita ''Nyina wa Jambo'' , bikaba byari ''bihwanye'' na ''Umubaye W''' »(“ Nyina w'Imana "). Ababonye ibi batangaje ko Mariya yasabye abantu bose gusenga kugirango birinde intambara iteye ubwoba. Mu iyerekwa ryo ku ya 19 Kanama 1982, bose bavuze ko babonye urugomo, imirambo yatemaguwe, ndetse no kurimbuka. <ref name="rogers">[http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3005&SectionID=5&SubSectionID=42&S=1 Rogers, Lois. "Our Lady of Kibeho", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton]</ref> Urutonde rurerure cyane rwerekanwe na Alphonsine Mumureke, wari wabonye iyerekwa rya mbere nyuma gato yo kwinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya [[Kibeho]] mu Kwakira 1981 nyuma y’amashuri abanza, naho irya nyuma ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1989. Anathalie Mukamazimpaka niwe wakurikiyeho kugira iyerekwa, ryatangiye kuva muri Mutarama 1982 kugeza ku ya 3 Ukuboza 1983. Aba bashimangiye amasengesho adashira n’impongano, Mariya ndetse yategetse Mukamazimpaka gukora penetensiya binyuze mu gupfa umubiri. Marie Claire Mukangango, wabanje gutoteza Mumureke ku ishuri kubera iyerekwa, we ubwe yagize ibonekerwa ryabaye kuva ku ya 2 Werurwe kugeza ku ya 15 Nzeri 1982. Mariya yabwiye Mukangango ko abantu bagomba gusenga ishapure y'ububabare burindwi kugirango babone kwihana. <ref>[http://www.marian.org/mary/prayers/sorrows.php "The Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows", Marians of the Immaculate Conception]</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwe mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1990, Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yashishikarije abizerwa guhindukirira mariya nk "umuyobozi woroheje kandi wizewe” no gusengera ko hashyirwaho ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya amacakubiri y’ibanze, yaba aya politiki cyangwa amoko. <ref name="rogers">[http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3005&SectionID=5&SubSectionID=42&S=1 Rogers, Lois. "Our Lady of Kibeho", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton]</ref> === Isano na Jenoside === Mu minsi 100 yakurikiye iyicwa ry’umunyagitugu [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]] [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ku ya 8 Mata 1994, Abanyarwanda 800.000 kugeza kuri miliyoni bishwe n’abenegihugu babo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, n'abaturanyi babo baturanye. Itsembabwoko ryabaye indunduro yo gukaza umurego hagati y'amoko yombi - Abahutu n'Abatutsi - n'intambara y'abenegihugu yari yarayibanjirije. <ref name="monitor">[http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?SectionID=6&subsectionID=24&articleID=3006 "Remembering Rwanda", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton]</ref> Kibeho ubwayo niho habereye ubwicanyi bubiri: ubwa mbere ku rusengero rwa paruwasi muri Mata 1994, naho ubwa kabiri nyuma y'umwaka aho impunzi zirenga 5.000 zari zarahungiyeyo zarashwe n'abasirikare. <ref name="news">{{Cite web |title=Linskey, Regina. "Our Lady of Kibeho: Forgotten apparitions", Catholic News, Singapore, Vol. 58, No. 25, December 7, 2008 |url=http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:our-lady-of-kibeho-forgotten-apparitions&catid=57:december-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79 |accessdate=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004303/http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:our-lady-of-kibeho-forgotten-apparitions&catid=57:december-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Marie Claire Mukangango n'umugabo we bari mu bishwe mu bwicanyi bwo muri Mata 1995. <ref name="rogers">[http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3005&SectionID=5&SubSectionID=42&S=1 Rogers, Lois. "Our Lady of Kibeho", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton]</ref> === Aberekwa bemewe === Gusa iyerekwa ry'ababonye Mariya batatu ba mbere (Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka, na Marie Clare Mukangango, ufite imyaka 17, 20, na 21), byemejwe na Augustin Misago, Umwepiskopi wa Gikongoro . <ref>[https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/OLKIBEHO.HTM Misago, Augustin. "Judgement on the Apparitions of Kibeho"]</ref> === Aberekwa batemewe === Abandi bavugaga ko bafite iyerekwa nk'iryo ni Stephanie Mukamurenzi, Agnes Kamagaju, Vestine Salima, na Emmanuel Segatashya, uwanyuma muri bo mbere yari umupagani maze aba umuvugabutumwa wa gikristo mu barokore . Segatashya yeretswe mu iyerekwa harimo guhura na Kristo bimuha umunezero. == Gusobanura == Iri yerekwa rishobora gufatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko]] ryo mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]], cyane cyane ubwicanyi bwa kabiri bwa [[Kibeho]] mu 1995. Ishuri ryabereyemo iyerekwa ryabaye ahantu hiciwe abantu benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside kuko abana benshi barashwe bakanicwa n’iterabwoba ry’Abahutu . Aberekwa bari bahunze urugomo cyangwa bari mu bahitanwe na [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]]. == Kwemeza == Umwepiskopi wa Gikongoro, Augustin Misago, yemeje ubwitange rusange bufitanye isano n’ibonekerwa ku ya 15 Kanama 1988 ( Umuhango wo gufata icyemezo cya Mariya ) maze atangaza ko ari ukuri ku ya 29 Kamena 2001. Yashinjwaga mu 1999 kuba yaragize uruhare muri [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]], maze agirwa umwere ku ya 24 Kamena y'umwaka ukurikira. Umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya wa [[Kibeho]] ni 28 Ugushyingo, isabukuru yo kugaragara kwa mbere mu iyerekwa rya Alphonsine Mumureke mu 1981. == Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya == [[File:Kibeho Holy land, Rwanda, Southern Province, Nyaruguru District.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ya Bikiramariya Kibeho]] Ingoro ya Marian i [[Kibeho]] yiswe "Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya w'akababaro " mu 1992. Ibuye rya mbere ryashyizweho ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1992. Mu masezerano yo mu 2003 hagati y’abasanzwe baho n’umuryango wa Apostolate Gatolika (Pallotine), umuyobozi w’urusengero rwa Bikira Mariya wa [[Kibeho]] yahawe inshingano za ba Padiri ba Pallotine. Umuyobozi mukuru ashyirwaho na musenyeri waho hamwe numuyobozi wa Pallottine. == Umuco == Umwanditsi w'amakinamico w'umunyamerika Katori Hall yakinnye ibintu byabereye mu kibonekerwa rya ''Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho'', byakorewe i New York mu 2014. <ref>[http://www.signaturetheatre.org/tickets/production.aspx?pid=3752 "Our Lady of Kibeho", signature Theatre]</ref> == Reba kandi == * Amateka ya Kibeho<ref>https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=508&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6a7e16b9b36c71fd0cc3a4083a081ad8</ref> * Bikira Mariya nyina wa Jambo<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/kibeho-dutaramire-bikira-mariya-nyina-wa-jambo/oclc/289108325</ref> * Ubwicanyi bwa Kibeho<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=4218&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=91fa67489e85c73600b168822de2b6ba</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191028204409/http://kibeho-sanctuary.com/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa Kibeho] * [http://www.seanbloomfield.com/if-only-we-had-listened/ Inyandiko ku ibonekerwa rya Kibeho] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725013959/http://www.zenit.org//english/ Isabukuru yimyaka 25 yibonekerwa igomba kwizihizwa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011143252/http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/peacekeeping/anecdotes/kibeho.html Umutangabuhamya wa Jenoside - Konti Yumuntu Yubwicanyi bwa Kibeho 1995] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2qDlOb72yM Video yerekana Kibeho] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfTtIl_MXaU Video 2 yibonekerwa rya Kibeho] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Abagatifu]] [[Category:Abagore]] q353l92uu00zmi00f8eia06ggi6u396 0 8675 77983 74345 2021-08-20T00:52:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|rwanda]] '''Stella Ford Mugabo''' (wavutse 1962) ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki wabaye Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’inama y’abaminisitiri kuva muri Nyakanga 2013. == Ubuzima bwo hambere n'amashuli == Mugabo yavutse mu 1962 muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kuri Francis Ford Gashumba na Stella Mukamutara. Afite impamyabumenyi y’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere na Master mu by'ubukungu n’imibereho myiza yakuye muri kaminuza ya Manchester . == Umwuga == Mugabo yakoze nk' umusesenguzi wa politiki rusange mu biro bya Perezida wa Uganda, hanyuma aba umwanditsi mukuru ushinzwe amasomo mu [[Kigali|Ishuri]] Rikuru rya Kigali ry'Ubumenyi, n'Ikoranabuhanga. Yabaye umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’ubunyamabanga bw’inzego za Leta kuva muri Werurwe 2010 kugeza 2014. Yabaye umuyobozi w’inama y’Ikigo cy’Ubuyobozi mu Rwanda aba n'umwe mu bagize inama ya Gahunda yo Kongera ubushobozi mu Rwanda. [[Dosiye:Uganda Soccer Fan with the Uganda Flag.jpg|thumb|Ugandan]] Mugabo yagizwe Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’inama y’abaminisitiri na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] muri Nyakanga 2013, asimbuye Protais Musoni. == Ubuzima bwite == Mugabo arubatse afite abakobwa batanu. Ni Umukristo . == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abaminisitiri bo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] h9526f7ic1def5f4253nrhrz5ebpkj7 828 8676 74308 2021-01-24T16:44:11Z Weather Top Wizard 9483 Created page with "local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {} function mt.__index (t, k) if k ~= 'arg' then error('Tried to read nil global ' .. tostring(k), 2) end return nil end function mt.__newi..." Scribunto text/plain local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {} function mt.__index (t, k) if k ~= 'arg' then error('Tried to read nil global ' .. tostring(k), 2) end return nil end function mt.__newindex(t, k, v) if k ~= 'arg' then error('Tried to write global ' .. tostring(k), 2) end rawset(t, k, v) end setmetatable(_G, mt) gggsv54pq7f94l3up48hr91qtxnskdm 0 8678 79150 77287 2021-08-31T09:08:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda.png|thumb|275x275px|Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda]] Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda ni ishuri ry'isumbuye ryibanda byumwihariko ku burezi bw'umwana w'umukobwa. == '''Amateka''' == Iri shuri ryatangiye mu mwaka w'1957, rishinzwe n'ababikira basabira roho zo muri pirigatori (Les soiers auxilliatrices plus les âmes du purugatoire). Mu gutangira kwaryo,ryari rije kwita ku burezi bw'umwana w'umukobwa, rikaba ryari riherereyebahazwi ubu nk'akarere ka Gisagara. Abana babakobwa baturukuga mu [[Rwanda]] n' i [[Burundi]] ariho baje kwiga bitewe nuko muri icyo gihe uburezi bw'umunwana w'umukobwa ntabwo bwari bufite agaciro. Ku bijyanye nibyahigirwaga rero,habaga amasomo yibijyanye n'indimi, imirimo y'intoki,ubuzima bwo mu mutwe(psychology),ndetse nimyafatire y'abantu (sociology)<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/10104</ref>. [[Dosiye:Huye City University building.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|ishuri]] Mu mwaka w'1999,nibwo iri shuri ryahinduye izina,aho ryitwaga Ecole Sociale, rigahinduka Ecole Notre Dames de la providence de Karubanda. == '''Aho riherereye''' == Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda iherereye mu ntara y'amajyepho, [[Akarere ka Huye]],umurenge wa Ngoma, kuri metero 100 uvuye kuri garre nkuru ya [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.endpk.org/ |accessdate=2021-01-24 |archive-date=2021-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130091759/http://www.endpk.org/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == '''Amasomo ahatangirwa''' == Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda ifite ibyiciro bibiri === Icyiciro rusange === ''Ikiciro rusange ari nayo myaka itatu itangira amashuri yisumbuye. Muri iki kiciro abana biga amasomo nkuko REB (ikigo gikuru kita ku mashuri abanza nayisumbuye)ibisaba, aho biga amasomo akorwa mu kizamini cya let's ariyo aya akurikira:'' Imibare Ubugenge Ibinyabuzima Ubutabire Ubumenyi bw'isi Amateka [[Icyongereza]] [[Ikinyarwanda]] Hiyongeraho ndetse nandi masomo atabazwa mu kizamini cya leta, ariyo: [[Igifaransa]] [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|IKORANABUHANGA]] Ubumenyi bwamadini Igiswayili. ==== Icyiciro gikuru ==== ''Mu cyiciro gikuru ari nayo myaka itatu isozaamashuri yisumbuye, bafite ibice binebitandukanye aribyo:'' Ubugenge,ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima Imibare,ibinyabuzima n'ubutabire Imibare,ubugenge n'ubumenyi bw'isi Imibare,icungamutungo n'ubumenyi bw'isi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.endpk.org/content/programs |accessdate=2021-01-24 |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205011257/http://www.endpk.org/content/programs |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Abahize bazwi == # [[Kayitesi Zainabo Sylvie]] # [[Cécile Kayirebwa|Cecile Kayirebwa]] # [[Christine Mukarubuga]] == Reba == # https://web.archive.org/web/20210130091759/http://www.endpk.org/ # https://web.archive.org/web/20210205011257/http://www.endpk.org/content/programs # https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/10104 <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri yisumbuye]] 2jm9e1bkvvw1elpfj9lifvy7b4g4ull 0 8679 77573 77560 2021-08-13T18:00:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvie Kayitesi Zainabo''' (yavutse kuwa 27 Gicurasi 1962) ni [[umunyamategeko]] w'[[umunyarwandakazi]]. == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == [[Dosiye:Ecole_Notre_Dame_de_la_Providence_de_Karubanda.png|thumb|Ishuri riherereye mu karere ka Huye (Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence de Karubanda) aho Sylvie Kayitesi Zainabo]] Sylvie Kayitesi Zainabo yavutse kuwa 27 Gicurasi 1962 avukira i [[Rwamagana]] mu [[Rwanda]], arubatse akaba ari umubyeyi wa abana bane<ref>https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/read/30882415/biographie</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/SP/CallApplications/HRC45/WGAD_Africa/KAYTESI_Zainabo_Sylvie_form2.doc</ref>. Kayitesi Zainabo Sylvie yize amashuri yisumbuye muri [[Ecole notre dame de la providence de karubanda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/10104</ref>. Kayitesi afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 1989, afite kandi impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu ubutabera mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha n’amategeko y’uburenganzira bwa muntu yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] mu 2018<ref name=":0" />. == Imirimo yakoze == Sylvie Kayitesi Zainabo kuva mu 1995 kugera mu 1999 yakoranye n’ishyirahamwe ry’abagore mu kurengera uburenganzira bw’umugore n'umwana HAGURUKA , aho yabaye Perezida na Visi-Perezida wa Pro-Femmes<ref name=":1">https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/Any/Biography%20Kayitesi%20,%20june%202019_ENG.pdf</ref>. kuva 1996 kugera mu 1999 kdi yabaye umukozi ushinzwe kurinda muri Komisiyo ishinzwe impunzi<ref name=":0" />. Kayitesi yabaye kandi minisitiri wa minisiteri yari ishinzwe ubutaka, gutuza abantu n'ibidukikije kuva muri werurwe 1999 kugera mu Ugushyingo 2002. kuva kandi mu 2003 kugera mu 20011, Kayitesi yabaye Perezida wa Komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda<ref name=":1" />. '''Kayitesi Zainabo Sylvie''' yabaye Visi-Perezida akaba n'umucamanza w'[[Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'u Rwanda]] kuva mu 2011 kugera mu 2019<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. == Ibindi wareba == # [[Urukiko rw'ikirenga rw'uRwanda]] # [[Cyanzayire Aloysie]] # [[Rugege Sam]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayitesi Zainabo, Sylvie}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubutabera]] [[Category:Amategeko]] [[Category:Ubucamanza]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Category:Abanyamategeko]] r8a9hud7x77y06tmq0jts9478kksfz0 0 8680 75862 75854 2021-06-27T16:32:19Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Indatwa_n'Inkesha_school_insigne.png|Indatwa_n'Inkesha_school_insigne.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]]: Non-free logo above threshold of o wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Indatwa n'inkesha school gate.png|thumb|287x287px|Indatwa n'Inkesha School]] Ishuri ry'Indatwa n'inkesha rizwi cyane nka Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare (GSOB) n'ishuri ry'isumbuye ry'abihaye Imana bo mw'idini rya gatorika. == Aho riherereye == Iri shuri riherereye mu majyepfo y' uRwanda, mu akarere ka Huye ahahoze hitwa butare, mu murengewa Ngoma. == Amateka == Iri shuri ryahoze ryitwa cyane Urwunge rw'amashuri rwa [[Butare]] (Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare/GSOB), ryashinzwe mu mwaka w'1929 nabihayimana bo mu muryango waba sharite ( [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_of_Charity]brothers of charity). Mu gutangira kwaryo ryitwaga Groupe Scolaire d'Astrida, aho ryari rije gutegura abanyeshuri bo gufasha abakoroni bab'abiligi bari mu gihugu icyo gihe. == Amasomo ahatangirwa == === Ikiciro rusange <ref>https://gsobindatwa.com/olevel/</ref> === Imibare Ubugenge Ibinyabuzima Ubutabire Ubumenyi bw'isi Amateka Ubumenyi mu myandikire y'icyongereza Ubumenyi mu byamadini Ubumenyi mu mibikire y'ibitabo [[Igiswahili]] Igishinwa [[Igifaransa]] [[Icyongereza]] Ikoranabuhanga Siporo. === Ikiciro gikuru<ref>https://gsobindatwa.com/alevel/</ref> === Bafite amashami atatu yibanda ku bumenyi butandukanye, ariyo: Ibinyabuzima,ubutabire n'ubumenyi bw'isi Ubugenge,ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima Ubugenge,ubutabire n'Imibare == Abahize bazwi == # King Kigeli V ndahindurwa of Rwanda[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigeli_V_Ndahindurwa] # Louis Rwagasore, Prince of Burundi[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rwagasore] # Melchior Ndadaye[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_Ndadaye] # Joseph Cimpaye[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cimpaye] # [[Monique Nsanzabaganwa]]<ref>https://www.minaffet.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minaffet/Publications/Dr_Monique_Nsanzabaganwa_Profile1.pdf</ref> == Reba == # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brothers_of_Charity # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigeli_V_Ndahindurwa # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rwagasore # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_Ndadaye # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cimpaye # https://gsobindatwa.com/olevel/ # https://gsobindatwa.com/alevel/ == Ihuza ryo hanze == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri yisumbuye]] foj3hnrpbedp84wsr0qhadtng1xlm55 0 8681 78840 78683 2021-08-27T17:43:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyabarongo river rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho igaragaza umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda taken at top of Karama.jpg|thumb|umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo bridge photo.JPG|thumb|umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] Umugezi wa Nyabarongo niwo mugezi munini mu [[Rwanda]], amazi yawo menshi ava mu isoko ya Nile mu majyaruguru ya [[Afurika]]. Umugezi wa nyabarongo ifite uburebure bungana na kilometero magana atatu mirongo itanu nimwe(351KM) niwo mugezi munini kandi mugari mu [[Rwanda]]. Umugezi wa Nyabugogo nawo wisuka muri Nyabarongo byose bikisuka mu mugezi w' Akagera iyo migezi yose ica mu ishyamba rya kimeza rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] ari naho habarirwa isoko ya Nili.[https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2006-04-04-voa2-93014084/1264114.html] == Inkomoko == [[File:An aerial of Nyabarongo River from Nyungwe National Park to River Nile. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'umugezi wa Nyabarongo inyura muri pariki ya Nyungwe]] Umugezi wa Nyabarongo wavutse mbere yuko [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga]] ivuka aho witwaga Nyawarungu, uwo mugezi ukaba waratembaga ujya i [[Ubugande]], ukanyura mu nzira dusanzwe tuzi ya Mukungwa yari mu kibaya kinini cyaje kuzimira nyuma yivuka ry'ibirunga. Ibirunga bimaze kuvuka amazi yaranyanyagiye abyara ibiyaga nka Burera na Ruhondo. Nyabarongo rero Ibuze inzira igice cyayo kimwe cyahindutse Mukungwa ikindi gikomeza mu majyepfo y'urwanda ahahoze ari Gitarama, ubu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]. Ibi byabaye hashize imyaka irenga miliyoni enye U [[Rwanda]] rubayeho, Nyabarongo yomeje inzira yayo igaruka i [[Kigali]], nyuma yaho yarakomeje mu burasirazuba ihura n'akanyaru byisuka mu mugezi wa Akagera<ref>http://veritas2010.over-blog.fr/2014/12/inkomoko-y-igihugu-cy-u-rwanda-n-abanyarwanda-igice-cya-mbere.html</ref> == Isano na jenocide == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo ufitanye isano ikomeye na jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, aho abatutsi benshi bishwe bagiye bajugunywa muri uyu mugezi,hari abajugunywagamo ari bazima babatemye ariko batarapfa, abandi kakajugunywamo bapfuye cyane cyane abari mu turere dukora kuri Nyabarongo nka [http://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?L=1&cHash=3e83af147dd7bf7611d5139f77516c39&id=87&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=4106 Runda]abo mu murenge wa Mwogo wo mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]]<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/HIBUTSWE-ABATUTSI-BAJUGUNYWE-MU-MUGEZI-WA-NYABARONGO</ref>ndetse nahandi henshi. si ibyo gusa ahubwo buri mwaka uko ushize hakabaho kwibuka [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] yakorewe abatutsi mu kwezi kwa kane, abantu benshi bajya kwibuka ababo baguye muri Nyabarongo bakahashyira indabo dore ko hari na benshi baharokokeye bakaba basaba ko hakubakwa n'urwibutso nk'ikimenyetso cyo gusigasira amateka<ref>https://www.intyoza.com/kamonyi-abarokotse-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-barasaba-urwibutso-kuri-nyabarongo/</ref> == Inyamswa ziba muri Nyabarongo == [[File:Nyabarongo River Scene - Outside Kigali - Rwanda - 02.jpg|left|thumb|Imirimo y'uburobyi ikorerwa kuri Nyabarongo]] Mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo, kimwe n'indi migeza myinshi hororotsemo inyamaswa nyinshi harimo ingona, imvubu, amafi ndetse nizindi nyamaswa nyinshi. Hakunze kumvikana abaturage benshi bavuga ko bariwe n'ingona bagiye kuvoma cyangwa gushaka amafi muri Nyabarongo<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/52031135</ref> ibi byatumye abaturage batangira guhiga ingona bukware nabo bashaka kuzica kuko imwe muri zo yarishwe, ariko ibi byamaganywe n'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA)[https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=2] kivuga ko kwica inyamaswa atari cyo gisubizo ko ahubwo guha abaturage amazi meza aricyo gisubizo kirambye kugirango harindwe burundu impanuka nkizo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-%E2%80%8B25-august-2017 |accessdate=2021-01-26 |archive-date=2021-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130200059/http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-%E2%80%8B25-august-2017 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Izi ngona kandi zihisha mu rufunzo rwegereye uyu mugezi kuburyo hateye amakenga kuhakorera imirimo yose nk'uburobyi nibindi. == Mu gihe cy'itumba == [[File:Canoing in Nyabarongo.jpg|thumb|Abantu bambuka Nyabarongo n'ubwato]] Igishanga cy'umugezi wa Nyabarongo mu gihe cy'itumba n'imvura nyinshi kijya cyuzura kuburyo imwe mu mihanda ifunga ingendo zigahagarara harimo n'umuhanda uzwi cyane nka [[Kigali]] - [[Akarere ka Muhanga]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/68776/nyabarongo-yuzuye-umuhanda-kigali-muhanga-urafungwa-ingendo-68776.html#!</ref> sibyo gusa ahubwo no munkengero ibiraro bikunda kuzura ku buryo ushaka kwambuka bamushyira ku mugongo bakamwambutsa abasore b'intarumikwa baba babonye akazi muri ibyo bihe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/Atunzwe-no-kwambutsa-abantu-ku-mugongo-we-igihe-Nyabarongo-yuzuye</ref> Abantu benshi iyo bagerageje kwambuka umugezi wa Nyabarongo, bakoresha ubwato kuko ubwinshi bw'amazi menshi aba muri uyu mugezi atakwemerera kuwambuka n'amaguru.[http://www.ukwezi.rw/?page=recherche&recherche=%20Nyabarongo] Leta y'U [[Rwanda]] kandi yatangije umushinga mu mwaka wa 2018 wo kubaka umuhanda mushya n'ikiraro gihuza umujyi wa [[Kigali]] n'Intara y'amajyepfo, uwo mushinga ukazaza ari igisubizo cyo kwirinde ko amazi ya Nyabarongo yakomeza guhagarika ingendo<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hagiye-kubakwa-undi-muhanda-n-ikiraro-bizakemura-ikibazo-cy-amazi-ya-nyabarongo</ref>, uwo mushinga ukaba wariswe Nyabarongo bridge project<ref>http://wikimapia.org/22655990/Nyabarongo-Bridge</ref>. Uwo muhanda ukaba uzaca mu murenge wa Karama ugatunguka i Nyamirambo<ref>https://web.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10157353310982114?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref>. == Umuriro w'amashanyarazi == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo n'umwe mu migezi ifite ingufu cyane kandi ifite amazi menshi ibi rero byatumye leta y'U [[Rwanda]] itangiza ikiswe (Nyabarongo Hydropower project) bishatse kuvuga ko Nyabarongo yatangiye kwifashishwa mu gukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi harimo nk'uruganda rwubatswe i Shyorongi mu ntara y'amajyaruguru mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Karere ka Rulindo]].<ref>https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/nyabarongo-ii-hydropower-project/</ref> Sibyo gusa ahubwo hari n'urundi rugomera rw'umuriro w'amashanyarazi rw'ubatswe mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] na sosiyete yitwa Angelique International Limited ifatanije na sosiyete yo mu [[:en:Nyabarongo_Power_Station|buhinde]] yitwa Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyabarongo_Power_Station</ref> == Uturere Inyuramo == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo Unyura mu turere nk'umugi wa [[Kigali]] [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ikanyura mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], Ikagera muri [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Hakomeje-gushakishwa-uburyo-habungabungwa-icyogogo-cya-Nyabarongo</ref>,aho ni mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Iyo ugarutse mu ntara y'u burasirazuba inyura mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]],[[Akarere ka Ngoma]], [[Akarere ka Kirehe]] na Rusumo aho yisukira mu mugezi wa Akagera. Umugezi wa Nyabarongo usa naho ukora ku mupaka hagati y'Intara y'Amajyarugu, Intara y'amajyepfo, [[Kigali]] ndetse n'Intara y'Uburasirazuba. == Ibihugu Inyuramo == Umugezi wa Nyabarongo unyura mu bihugu bitatu bihana imbibi n'U [[Rwanda]] aribyo [[Uburundi]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande]] aho yisuka mu kiyaga cya Victoria, ariyo ikomeza nk'isoko ya [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/Ibihugu-binyurwamo-n-uruzi-rwa-Nile-bigiye-gushyiraho-uburyo-bwo-kubungabunga Nili] == Reba kandi == Isoko y'Uruzi rwa Nyabarongo<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/main.jhtml?xml=/travel/2006/04/01/etnile01.xml&sSheet=/travel/2006/04/01/ixtrvhome.html</ref> Abavumbuye isoko ya Nile mu Rwanda<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200604/s1606427.htm</ref> Rwanda Energy Group<ref>https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/projects/project-details/view/nyabarongo-ii-multipurpose-project/category/generation/</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] [[Category:Imigabane y’Isi]] [[Category:Imigezi]] 1lknldc4j6oqt0olnqzctt9fyg3kgx9 0 8682 77003 74334 2021-08-05T05:28:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kurya_ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Kwizihiza umunsi w'umuganura]] Umuganura n’umuhango wizihizwa buri wa 5 wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama, aho abanyarwanda bizihiza ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi, ubworozi ndetse n’uburumbuke. Gukomera kuri uyu muhango n’ugusigasira umurage w’u Rwanda kuko umuganura ukubiyemo indangagaciro zirimo kwishimira umusaruro, gukunda umurimo ndetse n’igihugu. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Kwenga_urwagwa_mu_muvure.jpg|thumb|K'umunsi w'umuganura abanyarwanda bose barangwa no gusabana barya ndetse banywa bishimira ibyo bagezeho mu buhinzi]] Inzira y’umuganura ni imwe muri 18 zari zigize inzira z’ubwiru mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’ingoma ya cyami. Inzira z’ubwiru zarimo iz’ubukungu, iz’umutekano w’igihugu n’inzira zo gukomeza ubwami. Inzira z’ubwiru zerekanaga uko igihugu kiyoborwa mu bihe runaka, niba hateye inzara hakaba inzira igihugu kigomba kunyuramo kugirango bahangane n’icyo kibazo. Mu mateka y’u Rwanda, umunsi w’Umuganura wari umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka wubahwaga kandi ugahabwa agaciro ibwami no mu muryango w’Abanyarwanda. Umuganura watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda ku ngoma ya Gihanga Ngomijana mu kinyejana cya kenda, hanyuma uza kongera guhabwa imbaraga na Ruganzu II Ndoli hagati y’imyaka ya 1510-1543 ubwo yabohoraga u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka irenga cumi n’itanu ruri mu maboko y’abanyamahanga (Abanyoro n’Abanyabungo). == Umuhango == Abari bashinzwe uwo muhango bitwaga abiru. Abaturage bakoranyaga imyaka hirya no hino mu gihugu bakayijyana ibwami, ku munsi w’umuganura umwami agapfukama   yerekana icyubahiro aha abo ayobora ndetse n’Igihugu, agafata umwuko akavuga umutsima afatanyije n’umuganuza, umwamikazi n’umugabekazi bakarya bakanywa ndetse bakaza kunywa n’inzoga, bagatarama bakaza kuvuga ibigwi by’ibyo bakoze mu gihugu. Nyuma y’umuhango wo kuganura hakurikiragaho ibirori by’Umuganura byasozwaga n’igitaramo k’imihigo. [[Dosiye:Abana_bishimiye_kurya_ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Abana bishimiye umunsi w'umuganura]] == Mbere na nyuma y’abakoroni == Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, Umuganura wayoborwaga n’Umwami afashijwe n’abanyamihango b’Umuganura (abo kwa Rutsobe n’abo kwa Myaka ya Musana) naho ku rwego rw’umuryango, umukuru w’umuryango akaba ari we wayoboraga iyo mihango. Ku munsi w’Umuganura, abayobozi basabanaga n’abayoborwa mu gitaramo k’imihigo, abana bagasabana n’ababyeyi. Ni muri icyo gitaramo cy’Umuganura hamurikwaga ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa (inka nziza, umusaruro ushimishije…) maze abakoze neza bagashimwa, ibigwari bikagawa. Umuhango w’umuganura mu Rwanda waje huhagarara ku ngoma ya Musinga ubwo umwiru Gashamura ka Rukangirashyamba wari ushinzwe imihango yawo yacirirwaga i Burundi mu mwaka wa 1925. Uyu Gashamura ni umwe uvugwa mu nsigamigani igira iti yaragashize nka gashamura. Kuva icyo gihe Umuganura ntiwongeye kwizihizwa. Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge, abantu bakomeje kwizihiza Umuganura mu miryango ariko ubuyobozi bwariho muri icyo gihe ntibwashyiramo imbaraga ngo Umuganura uhabwe agaciro ukwiye. Leta y’u Rwanda igendeye ku byiza n’akamaro Umuganura wagize mu kubaka Igihugu, yawuhaye agaciro gakomeye, ishyiraho n’umunsi w’ikiruhuko uba buri wa Gatanu wa mbere w’ukwezi kwa Kanama. Iteka rya Perezida no 54/01 ryo ku wa 24/02/2017 mu ngingo ya 3 (100) kugira ngo kuri uwo munsi, Abanyarwanda basabane, bunge ubumwe, bazirikane ibyiza bagezeho ari nako bahiga gukora neza kurushaho umwaka utaha. == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Amavu-namavuko-yUmuganura-umunsi-ukomeye-mu-mateka-yu-Rwanda https://imvahonshya.co.rw/tumenye-amateka-yumuganura-mu-rwanda-nakamaro-kawo/ https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-45060088.amp 856ztjl7qyajf8u3i90din48n6dv8zq 0 8683 78591 74998 2021-08-25T10:44:52Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikibindi.jpg|thumb|Ikibindi cyirimo inzoga ]] Umuco Nyarwanda ugizwe n'ibintu byinshi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ni igihugu cyunze ubumwe kuva mu bihe bya mbere y’ubukoloni, gituwe n’abaturage b'[[:en:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] basangiye ururimi rumwe rw'Ikinyarwanda n’umurage ndangamuco. <ref>Prunier (1995), p. 15</ref> Mu Rwanda hizihizwa Iminsi mikuru inyuranye izwi buri mwaka ndetse n'indi rimwe na rimwe leta yinjizamo. Guhera ku wa 07 Mata kugeza ku wa 14 Mata buri mwaka ni Icyumweru cy'icyunamo cyo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi ho haba [[:en:Umuganda|Umuganda]] rusange mu Gihugu hose. Uwo munsi wibanda ku bikorwa bigamije iterambere n'imibereho y'abaturage muri rusange kandi serivisi nyinshi zisanzwe zikora zirahagarika. == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|221x221px| Ababyinnyi gakondo b'abanyarwanda b'Intore]] [[File:Traditional_dance_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda]] [[UMUZIKI|Umuziki]] n'imbyino ni ibice bikomeye bigize imihango y'u [[Rwanda]], iminsi mikuru, guhurira hamwe, hamwe no kubara inkuru. Imbyino gakondo izwi cyane ni ''Intore'', umwiyereko uzwi cyane ugizwe n'ibice bitatu -'''Itorero''', ribyinwamo abagore; '''imbyino y'intwari''', ikorwa n'abagabo n''''ingoma'''. Ubusanzwe, umuziki uhererekanywa hagati y'abantu mu buryo nyamvugo. Ingoma ni ingirakamaro cyane, abakaraza b'i Bwami babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye mu rugo rw'Umwami. Mu busanzwe, abakaraza bavuza ingoma bari mu matsinda agizwe n'abantu bari hagati ya barindwi n'umunani. Uruganda rw'umuziki mu Rwanda rurakura cyane muri iki gihe, rufatiye ku njyana zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, iz'abakongomani ndetse n'izo muri Amerika. Injyana zizwi cyane ni hip-hop, R&B ndetse rimwe na rimwe ragga na dance-pop. Abahanzi bazwi cyane bo mu Rwanda barimo : ''The Ben, [[:en:Meddy|Meddy]]'', bombi bagiye babona ibihembo binyuranye, n'abandi benshi nka [[:en:Miss_Shanel|Miss Shanel]], [[:en:Kitoko|Kitoko]], [[:en:Riderman_(rapper)|Riderman]], [[:en:Tom_Close|Tom Close]], [[:en:King_James_(singer)|King James]], [[:en:Mani_Martin|Mani Martin]], [[:en:Knowless_(singer)| Knowless]], na[[:en:Charly_na_Nina_(singers)| Charly na Nina]]. == Igikoni == [[File:Teke_bottle.JPG|thumb|300x300px| [[Inzoga]] zanywebwaga mu gicuma cyangwa ikibindi nk'iki mu mihango n'ibirori.]] Ibiryo byo mu Rwanda bishingiye ku biribwa by’ibanze bikomoka ku buhinzi gakondo. Mu mateka, ibijyanye n'imirire bigenda bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'abantu. Amfunguro yo mu Rwanda usanga akenshi arimo [[Umuneke|imineke]],ibitoki,amashaza, ibijumba, ibishyimbo, n'imyumbati. Abanyarwanda benshi barya [[inyama]] inshuro zitari nyinshi mu kwezi. Ku batuye hafi y'ibiyaga kandi bafite uko babona amafi, bakunze kurya iyitwa tilapiya. Ibirayi, bikekwa ko byinjijwe mu Rwanda n’abakoloni b’Abadage n’Ababiligi, ubu na byo birakunzwe cyane. [[Ubugari]] busonze mu myumbati cyangwa ibigori na bwo bukunze kuribwa cyane kimwe no bice bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. ''Isombe'' isekuye iva mu mababi y'imyumbati ''ikaranze'' ikunze kugaburwa hamwe n'amafi yumutse Ifunguro rya saa sita ni imvange igizwe nibintu byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kwiyongeraho inyama. Burusheti y'ihene, inka, inyama z'ingurube cyangwa amafi, ni byo bikunze kuribwa abantu batembereye. Mu cyaro, utubari twinshi tugira umucuruzi wa burusheti uba waguze ihene, akayibaga kandi akayotsa. Izo nyama azigaburana n'ibitoki bikaranze. Amata, cyane cyane ''ikivuguto'', akunze kunyobwa mu gihugu cyose. Ibindi binyobwa birimo inzoga gakondo yitwa ''urwagwa'' yenze mu bitoki n'ikigage cyo mu masaka, igaragara mu mihango n'ibirori gakondo. Inzoga zicuruzwa mu Rwanda zirimo Primus, Mützig, na Amstel. == Ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori == Ibikorwa by'Ubukorikori gakondo byagaragaraga mu gihugu hose, nubwo ibyinshi byifashishwaga mu mirimo inyuranye kuruta uko byari umuteguro.Ibitebo n'imbehe ni bimwe mu byari rusange mu Rwanda. Amajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda azwiho imigongo, ubuhanzi budasanzwe bufitanye isano n'inka aho iyo migongo ikorwa mu mase yazo; amateka avuga ko iyi migongo yadutse igihe Gisaka yari ikiri ubwami bwigenga. Amase avanze n'ubutaka karemano bw'amabara atandukanye kandi asize mu tuntu dusa n'imisozi ishushanyije, bikora ishusho nziza. Ubundi buhanzei n'ubukorikori burimo ububumbyi, gushushanya no kubaza ibiti bikorwa ahanini n’abanyeshuri biga iby'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni bo mu Ishuri ry'Ubugeni ryo ku Nyundo, ishuri rukumbi ryabayeho mu Rwanda kuva mu 1959 kugeza na n'ubu. Gusa muri iyi minsi hari andi mashuri agenda ashingwa agamije guteza imbere ubuhanzi bw'iyumvabona. == Amazu == Hirya no hino ubona amazu ateye imbere atari yaba menshi cyane kandi n'igiciro ubwacyo cy'inzu usanga kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bw'abaturage. Abanshi mu bari mu migi usanga birwanaho ngo babone aho batura kuko hatari hajyaho uburyo buhamye bwo kubonera abantu bose amazu yo kubamo. Kugeza ubu, abatuye muri Kigali bihariye kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye mu mijyi muri rusange mu Rwanda. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry'amazu muri Kigali (2012-22) buvuga ko ugereranyije hakenewe muri rusange amazu 458,256, harimo amashya 344,068 akwiye kubakwa. Ibi bivuze ko hakenewe: -Amazu 43.436 yagenewe ibikorwa by'imibereho rusange (12,6%); -Amazu 186.163 ahendutse (54.1%); -Amazu 112.867 aciriritse (32.8%); -Amazu meza 1.601 ahwanye na (0.5%) muri Kigali honyine. Mu gihugu hose, nta bushakashatsi bwari bwakorwa ariko burimo gutegurwa. Ariko biteganyijwe ko hashobora kuba ubwikube kabiri bw'uburyo bihagaze muri Kigali. Ibyagezweho ubu byerekana ko hari ukwivugurura mu bijyanye n'igenamigambi, gukoresha ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu cyane cyane ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi, uburenganzira bungana kuri buri wese. Bimwe mu byatumye kandi bigerwaho birimo: Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa, gukora inyigo, kugerageza imishinga imwe n'imwe ijyanye n'imiturire. Guteza imbere igenamigambi ry'imiturire n'imishinga igamije gutunganya imijyi bikomeje gushyirwamo ingufu kandi bizatuma hirindwa ihuzagurika mu gucunga imishinga y'iterambere n'igenamigambi rinozwe. N'ubwo hari imbogamizi zikiriho mu bijyanye n’amafaranga agenewe imiturire, uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bwateye imbere binyuze mu gushyiraho inguzanyo z'igihe kirekire, kugabanya gato inyungu, uburyo bunyuranye kandi bworoshye mu bijyanye no kwishyura mbere, no kunoza Politiki yimiturire y'igihugu. == Guteza imbere imiturire == Guverinoma yihaye intego kongera urwego rujyanye n'ubufatanye n’iterambere ry’imiturire hagamijwe iterambere rirambye. Htangiye kandi gahunda yo kubaka inzu nshya zigezweho. Kwikorera ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi ni bimwe mu ngamba za leta, aha harimo nko gukora sima, amatafari atangiza ibidukikije, kwihaza mu bintu bitandukanye n'ibindi. Mu Rwanda, Inzego zishinzwe imiturire n’ubwutatsi zikomeje kwiyubaka. == Ubuvanganzo na firime == U Rwanda ntirufite amateka maremare ajyanye n'[[Ubuvanganzo]] bwanditse, ariko hari ubuvangazo nyemvugo bikomeye bishingiye ku [[:en:Poetry|busizi.]] Mu buryo bwihariye mbere y'Ubukoloni, U Rwanda rwateje imbere [[Ibitekerezo]] (ubusizi n'umuziki gakondo), Ubucurabwenge (ibisekuruza by'abami bikunze ''kuvugwa'' mu mihango y'iyimikwa), Ibisigo (Ibisigo by'i Bwami). Ubundi indangagaciro n'ibindi bijyanye n'amateka byagiye hirerekanywa uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Umuntu uzwi cyane nk'umwanditsi w'amateka mu Rwanda ni [[:en:Alexis_Kagame|Alexis Kagame]] (1912 &#x2013; 1981), wakoze kandi atangaza ubushakashatsi ku muco gakondo ndetse no kwandika imivugo ye. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yatumye haboneka ibitabo by’inkuru z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko n’ibitekerezo byanditswe n’igisekuru gishya cy’abanditsi nka Benjamin Sehene . Hakozwe amafilime atari make yerekeranye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], harimo nka Golden Globe yiswe ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' na ''Shooting Dogs''. == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Languages_of_Rwanda|Indimi zo mu Rwanda]] * [[:en:List_of_Rwandan_writers|Urutonde rwabanditsi b'Abanyarwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|3}} * [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] ernwd174ojemti35g4g0na1w3pa7ua9 0 8684 82174 81934 2022-02-25T13:30:52Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Yvan Buran]] to [[Burabyo Yvan]] wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | background = }} '''Burabyo Yvan''' uzwi nka '''Yvan Buravan''' ni umwanditsi w'indirimbo n'umuririmbyi w'[[umunyarwanda]]. == Amateka == === '''Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize''' === Yvan Buravan yavutse 1995, avukira i gikondo. Se yitwa Burabyo Michael na nyina akitwa Uwikunda Elizabeth. Ni umwana wa bucura mu muryango w’abana batandatu. Amashuri abanza yayigiye igikondo ku kigo cyitwa le pet prince, Amashuri yisumbuye yayatangiriye muri [[Amis des Enfants]] na la Colombier<ref group="ecole la colombielle ">ecole la colombier</ref>, arangije umwaka wa kabiri muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda CBE mubijyanye n'ubucuruzi, itumanaho n'ikoranabuhanga. [[Dosiye:Manzor_à_la_fête_de_la_musique_2021_à_Cotonou_au_Bénin_12.jpg|thumb|Yvan Buravan ni umwe mubanyamuziki bazwi mu Rwanda mu indirimbo zitandukanye]] === '''Urugendo rwe mu muziki''' === Yvan Buravan yatangiye kuririmba muri 2009 aho yitabiriye amarushanwa ya [[Rwanda]]<ref>[[Rwanda]]</ref> Tel , aba uwakabiri ahabwa amafaranga million n'igice muri 2012 Buravan yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Talentum. aza mubambere bahembwe ko ari abahanga mu kuririmba.akaba ari na kimwe mubintu byamuhinduye imitekerereze umuziki atangira kuwubona muyindi nguni kandi ngari.ni urugendo yakomeje ubutaruhuka abo mu muryango we. kwishuri ni inshutize batangira kumufata nk'umuririmbyi nawe atangira kubikora nk'umwuga ndetse no kubikunda birushijeho.Buravan ku myaka 20 nibwo yiyemejeko umuzikiwe ubaye umwuga, mu ntangiriro za 2016 nibwo ibihangano bya Buravan byatangiye gusakara mu banyarwanda nabo baramukundira barabikunda.icyogihe ninabwo yaramaze kubona umujyanama mushya mubya muzika [Maneger] Buravan azwi cyane munjyana afro, R&B,na Soul. akaba yarakundaga cyane abanzi barimo Michael Jackson,<ref>[[Michael]] Jackson,</ref> <ref group="Ed sheeran,">Ed sheeran</ref>na Bruno Mars nabandi benshi. yakoze indirimbo nyinshi zirimo. Injyana, Majunda, Urwongukunda, Low key nizindi nyinshi. yitabiriye ibitaramo byinshi bitandukanye mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo birimo Prix decouvertes<ref>https://musique.rfi.fr/afropop/20181108-buravan-laureat-prix-decouvertes-rfi-2018</ref>, yatsindiye ku ya 8 ugushyingo 2018 kumyaka ye 23 yamavuko yakomeje gukora ibitaramo byinshi bitandukanye. muri nyakanga 2018 yakoreye igitaramo gikomeye mu Bubiligi ashimisha abakunzibe. kuwa 17 Gashyantare 2018 yitabiriye Festival Aman mumujyi wa Goma.<ref>https://mdundo.com/a/140523</ref> [[Dosiye:Parsley_Palette_at_Soho_Records.jpg|thumb|Uyu muhanzi yagiye yitabira ibitaramo byinshi cyane cyane ibyo gutegura amarushanwa yo gutora banyampinga b'u Rwanda.]] =Ibihembo Yvan Buravan yahataniye = == Reba == -Prix de couvertes<references /> <references group="ecole la colombielle" /> ohyq8v51x3miiy3ck2tc3cl9auerl6o 0 8685 78029 75856 2021-08-20T03:04:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umushanana.png|thumb|290x290px|Umushanana]] '''Umushanana''' (ubwinshi: imishanana) n'umwambaro wambarwaga n'abari n'abategarugori bo mu [[Rwanda]] rwa cyera. Uyu mwambaro kandi, wambarwaga n'[[Ubugande]] ndetse n'[[Uburundi]]. == Uko umeze == Uyu mwambaro ugizwe n'umwenda wo hasi bambara bacyenyeye hamwe nundi bitera bakunze kuwitera umwitero,uba wambariwe ku rutugu rw'iburyo, mw'imbere haba harimo akandi kenda kambitse igihimba gashobora kuba inkanda cyangwa agasengeri.<ref>https://www.pinterest.com/gracetandeamara/rwanda-umushanana-elegant-traditional-wear/</ref> == Uko ukoze == Umushanana ukozwe mu mabara atandukanye, kandi ukaba worohereye kugirango byorohere uwambaye, uyu kandi ni umwambaro wihariye w'abanyarwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201706</ref> == Aho wambarwa == Mu mateka y'ahashize, umushanana wari umwenda wambarwaga iminsi yose,ariko ubu ntabwo ariko bimeze,ahubwo usanga wambarwa mu mihango itandukanye, nk'ubukwe, gushyingura, n'ibindi ni umwenda wihariye ugaragaza igikorwa kidasanzwe magingo aya. [[Dosiye:Inkera ya babyeyi.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px]] Umushanana kandi, niwo mwambaro wambarwa n'ababyinnyi b'abakobwa mu matsinda abyina indirimbo ndetse n'imbyino za [[Kinyarwanda]]. == Reba == # https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushanana # https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201706 # https://www.pinterest.com/gracetandeamara/rwanda-umushanana-elegant-traditional-wear/ fmntc1r1ph2lbhi42f4x7k2s0nor9mz 0 8686 76114 74346 2021-07-18T14:31:15Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Vincent Biruta|occupation=Physician and politician|home_town=|networth=|known_for=Politics|citizenship=Rwanda|nationality=[[Rwanda|Rwandese]]|years_active=1997–present|education='''Undisclosed University'''<br/>{{small|([[Doctor of Medicine]])}}<br/>'''[[Université libre de Bruxelles]]'''<br/>{{small|([[Management|Masters in Planning and Management]])}}|image=|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Rwanda]]|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1958}}|caption=|image_size=|title=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Rwanda)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] in the [[Cabinet of Rwanda]]}} '''Vincent Biruta''' (wavutse ku ya 19 Nyakanga 1958) ni umuganga akaba n'umunyapolitiki wumunyarwanda, ubu akaba ari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, washyizweho mu Gushyingo 2019. Yabaye Minisitiri w’ibidukikije kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. Akaba yari na Minisitiri w'umutungo Kamere, kuva 24 Nyakanga , 2014 [[Dosiye:Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Senegal_Minister_of_Environment_Balde_and_Rwanda_Minister_of_Natural_Resources_Biruta_in_Vienna_(28188583440).jpg|thumb|Minisitiri w' umutungo kamere mu Rwanda 2014]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavutse 1958. Ni umuganga watojwe. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu gutegura no gucunga serivisi z'ubuzima mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, yakuye muri Université libre de Bruxelles, mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . == Umwuga == Dr. Biruta afite amateka maremare mu bakozi ba Leta mu Rwanda, nyuma ya jenoside yo mu 1994. Kuva mu 1997 kugeza 1999, yabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima. Kuva mu 1999 kugeza 2000, yabaye Minisitiri w’imirimo rusange, ubwikorezi n’itumanaho. Yabaye Perezida w'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'inzibacyuho kuva muri Mutarama 2000 kugeza 2003. Kuva muri Kanama 2003, kugeza mu Kwakira 2011, yari Perezida wa Sena y'u Rwanda, urugereko rwo hejuru rw'Inteko [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . Ukuboza 2011, yagizwe Minisitiri w’Uburezi, akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014, ubwo yagirwa Minisitiri w’Umutungo Kamere. [[Dosiye:Natural_Resources_Park_-_panoramio_(2).jpg|thumb|Ifoto yerekana imitungo kamere y' u Rwanda]] == Reba kandi == * Politiki yo mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/rwanda-in-crisis-as-president-resigns-284939.html U Rwanda mu bibazo igihe Perezida yeguye ku] wa kane Werurwe 23 Werurwe 2000. [[Category:Perezida wa sena]] [[Category:Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga]] rv52851ddyl92n0epw30lc3t4nb6dhc 0 8687 77419 75860 2021-08-10T02:49:14Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri.jpg|thumb|Mwami]] '''''Mwami''''' ni izina ryicyubahiro mu bice by'[[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba ndetse niyo hagati. Iri zina risobanura ''umutware'' mubwoko bwindimi zitwa bantu. Iri zina kandi ryakoreshejwe mu mateka n'abami mu bihugu byinshi bya [[Afurika]], kandi n'ubu riracyakoreshwa ku bami gakondo cyangwa abategetsi b'uturere mu bihugu byinshi byo muri [[Afurika]]. == Umutware w'ubwoko == Mu ndimi nyinshi zo muri aka gace, harimo [[Ikirundi]],[[Ikinyarwanda]],nizindi- ijambo ''mwami'' rivuze"Umutware w'ubwoko". Iri rero rikoreshwa nk'inyito ku mutware wese muri izi nce. Byongeye ho, ''mwami'' bisobanura "umutware" cyangwa " umugabo " mu rurimi rw'ikigande . Ikoreshwa nk'izina ry'umuyobozi mukuru mu batware bavuga ururimi rw'ikigande hirya no hino mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika]], nubwo ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'icyubahiro rusange ku bagabo, kimwe n'icyongereza ''Bwana'' Abatware gakondo ba Lenje nabanya Ila bo muri [[Zambiya]], hamwe nabanya Tonga bo muri [[Zambiya]] na [[Zimbabwe]] nabo bakoresha icyubahiro. == Umwami == Mu Bwami bw'u [[Rwanda]], [[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|Umwami w'u Rwanda]] yari azwi ku izina rya ''mwami'' ( ''abami mwu bwinshi'' ). Kuva mu 1961, igihugu cyayobowe na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|perezida w'u Rwanda]] . Ubwami bw'[[Uburundi]] bwategekwaga n'abami ''bitwaga mwami'', hagakurikiraho rimwe mu mazina ane ya regnal yakurikiyeho. Perezida w'[[Uburundi]] yategetse kuva repubulika yatangira mu 1966. Uhereye mu mwaka wa 2020, ikitwa ubwami bwa Buha, mu gace ka Kigoma mu burengerazuba ha [[Tanzaniya]] buyobowe n'Umwami uturuka Manyavu,witwa Elifas Robert. Ubwami gakondo mu [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ntara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru]], [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|Kivu]] [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo|y'Amajyepfo]], na Maniema muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] bita abayobozi babo gakondo ''mwami'' . [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|inzu]] Abanya Luhya bo mu burengerazuba bwa [[Kenya]] bavuga ko umutegetsi wabo w'ikirenga ari ''Mwami'' . == Reba == # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwami [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] iev2syp234bx13a9hftzh82olckg6h5 0 8688 77209 74373 2021-08-09T17:11:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ingoro y'umbwami ]] '''''Umwami''''' ni izina ryicyubahiro mu bice by'Afurika y'iburasirazuba ndetse niyo hagati. Iri zina risobanura ''umutware'' mubwoko bwindimi zitwa bantu. Iri zina kandi ryakoreshejwe mu mateka n'abami mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, kandi n'ubu riracyakoreshwa ku bami gakondo cyangwa abategetsi b'uturere mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika. == Umutware w'ubwoko == [[Dosiye:Ingoma_z'_umwami.jpg|thumb|Ingoma z'ibwami]] Mu ndimi nyinshi zo muri aka gace,harimo ikirundi,ikinyarwanda,nizindi- ijambo ''mwami'' rivuze"Umutware w'ubwoko". Iri rero rikoreshwa nk'inyito ku mutware wese muri izi nce. Byongeye ho, ''mwami'' bisobanura "umutware" cyangwa " umugabo " mu rurimi rw'ikigande . Ikoreshwa nk'izina ry'umuyobozi mukuru mu batware bavuga ururimi rw'ikigande hirya no hino mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika]], nubwo ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'icyubahiro rusange ku bagabo, kimwe n'icyongereza ''Bwana'' Abatware gakondo ba Lenje nabanya Ila bo muri [[Zambiya]], hamwe nabanya Tonga bo muri Zambiya na Zimbabwe nabo bakoresha icyubahiro. [[Dosiye:Mwami_Kigeri_IV_Rwabugiri.jpg|thumb|188x188px|Umwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri ]] == Umwami == Mu Bwami bw'u Rwanda, [[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|Umwami w'u Rwanda]] yari azwi ku izina rya ''mwami'' ( ''abami mwu bwinshi'' ). Kuva mu 1961, igihugu cyayobowe na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|perezida w'u Rwanda]] . Ubwami bw'Uburundi bwategekwaga n'abami ''bitwaga mwami'', hagakurikiraho rimwe mu mazina ane ya regnal yakurikiyeho. Perezida w'Uburundi yategetse kuva repubulika yatangira mu 1966. Uhereye mu mwaka wa 2020, ikitwa ubwami bwa Buha,mu gace ka Kigoma mu burengerazuba has tanzania buyobowe n'Umwami uturuka Manyavu,witwa Elifas Robert. Ubwami gakondo mu [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ntara ya Kivu y'Amajyaruguru]], [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|Kivu]] [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo|y'Amajyepfo]], na Maniema muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] bita abayobozi babo gakondo ''mwami'' . Abanya Luhya bo mu burengerazuba bwa [[Kenya]] bavuga ko umutegetsi wabo w'ikirenga ari ''Mwami'' . [[Category:Inyito y'Umwami]] [[Category:Amazina y'icyubahiro]] 3wl49n3ehwlggpc4hvdxc8b24nhp0cs 0 8689 82777 76984 2022-05-03T14:46:06Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Un-rwanda.png|thumb|u Rwanda|340x340px]] {| class="wikitable" !Umubumbe |Afurika |- !Agace |Afurika y'iburasirazuba |- !Aho iherereye |2°00′S 30°0′E |- !Ubuso |144 kw'isi |- !Muri rusange |26,338 km<sup>2</sup> (10,169 sq mi) |- !Ubutaka |97% |- !Amazi |3% |- !Icyambu |0 km (0 mi) |- !Imbibi |893 km (DRC 217 km, Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km) |- !Umusozi muremure |Umusozi wa Kalisimbi 4509m |- !Ahagufi |Umugezi wa Rusizi 950m |- !Umugezi muremure |Nyabarongo |- !Ikiyaga kinini |Ikiyaga cya Kivu |} [[File:Rwanda sat.png|thumb|u Rwanda ukoresheje satelite|246x246px]] [[Dosiye:Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|nyugwe]] '''U Rwanda''' ruherereye muri [[Afurika]] rwagati, mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Kuri kilometero kare 26,338 , [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] nicyo gihugu cya 149 kinini ku isi. Ruragereranywa mu bunini na [[Hayiti|Haiti]] cyangwa leta ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts]Massachusetts muri Amerika. Igihugu cyose kiri ku butumburuke: ahantu hasi cyane ni uruzi rwa Rusizi kuri metero 950 hejuru yinyanja. U [[Rwanda]] ruherereye muri Afurika yo hagati / Uburasirazuba, ruhana imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba, [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba, [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] mu majyepfo. Irambaraye kuri dogere nkeya mumajyepfo ya ekwateri kandi idafunze . Umurwa mukuru, Kigali, uherereye hafi y'u Rwanda rwagati. == Ibintu nyamukuru biranga geografiya == [[File:KageraRuvubu.jpg|alt=Photograph of confluence of the Kagera and the Ruvubu, with the Rwanda-Tanzania border post in foreground, taken from a nearby hilltop|left|thumb| Inzuzi za Kagera na Ruvubu, igice cya [[Nili|Nili yo]] haruguru|333x333px]] Amazi hagati y’ibibaya binini by’amazi ya Nongo na Nili aturuka mu majyaruguru yerekeza mu majyepfo anyuze mu Rwanda, aho hafi 80% by’akarere kanyuze muri Nili na 20 ku ijana muri Kongo unyuze ku ruzi rwa Rusizi. Umugezi muremure muri iki gihugu ni [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], uzamuka mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba, utemba ugana mu majyaruguru, mu burasirazuba, no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba mbere yo guhuza Akanyaru ugakora Akagera ; Akagera noneho gatemba kerekeza mu majyaruguru k'umupaka wiburasirazuba na Tanzaniya. Nyabarongo-Akagera gasoza gatemba mu kiyaga cya Victoria. Isoko yayo mu [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] ni umwe mu bahatanira isoko rusange ya [[Nili]] kugeza ubu itaramenyekana. U Rwanda rufite ibiyaga byinshi, ikiyaga kinini n'[[ikiyaga cya Kivu]] . Iki kiyaga gifite igorofa ya Albertine Rift hafi yuburebure bwumupaka wiburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], kandi ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 480, ni kimwe mu biyaga makumyabiri byimbitse kwisi . Ibindi biyaga binini birimo Burera,Ruhondo, [[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|Muhazi]], Rweru, na Ihema, icya nyuma kikaba kinini mu mugozi w’ibiyaga byo mu bibaya byo mu burasirazuba bwa [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike]] ya [[Pariki y'Akagera|Akagera]] . Imisozi yiganje mu [[Rwanda]]Rwanda rwagati no mu burengerazuba. Iyi misozi ni igice cyimisozi ya Albertine Rift yegeranye nishami rya Albertine rya Rift yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba . Iri shami riva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo ku mupaka w’iburengerazuba. Impinga ndende ziboneka mu ruhererekane rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba; ibi birimo [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|umusozi wa Karisimbi]], ahantu 4,507 metres (14,787 Rwanda, kuri 4,507 metres (14,787 ft) . [[File:A_man_walks_through_heavy_rain_under_an_umbrella_in_Kigali,_Rwanda._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|left|thumb| Imvura i Kigali (Mutarama 2020)|334x334px]] Iki gice cy’iburengerazuba cyu [[Rwanda]], kiri mu mashyamba ya Albertine Rift, gifite uburebure bwa metero 1,500 kugeza kuri metero 2,500. Hagati y’igihugu higanjemo imisozi izenguruka, mu gihe umupaka w’iburasirazuba ugizwe na savanna, ibibaya n’ibishanga. U Rwanda rufite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru y'ikirere, n'ubushyuhe hasi, n'bigereranyo by' ibihugu byo muri ekwateri kubera ahakirurutse yayo hejuru. Kigali, rwagati mu gihugu, hafite ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi buri hagati ya 12 ° C (54) ° F) na 27 ° C (81 ° F), hamwe no guhinduka gake mu mwaka. Hariho ubushyuhe butandukanye mu gihugu hose; imisozi y'iburengerazuba n'amajyaruguru muri rusange birakonje kuruta iburasirazuba. Hariho ibihe bibiri by'imvura m'umwaka. Iya mbere itangira muri Gashyantare kugeza muri Kamena naho iya kabiri kuva muri Nzeri kugeza m'Ukuboza. Ibi bitandukanijwe n'ibihe bibiri byumye : icy'ingenzi kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri, aho usanga akenshi nta mvura iba, n'akandi gato kandi kadakabije kuva m'Ukuboza kugeza muri Gashyantare. Kugwa kw'imvura kugiye gutandukana mu turere, aho uburengerazuba n’amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwigihugu hakira imvura nyinshi buri mwaka kuruta iburasirazuba n’amajyepfo. == Imiterere ya politiki == U Rwanda ruhana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] kuri 290&nbsp;km, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kuri 217&nbsp;km, [[Tanzaniya]] kuri 217&nbsp;km, na Uganda kuri 169&nbsp;km. == Imiterere ya geografiya == [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare ibihumbi 26, muri byo 3 ku ijana ni amazi. [[File:Rwanda_Topography.png|thumb| Imiterere y'u Rwanda]] === Ikirere === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="14" |data for Kigali, Rwanda |- !Ukwezi !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec !Year |- !Average high °C (°F) |26.9 (80.4) |27.4 (81.3) |26.9 (80.4) |26.2 (79.2) |25.9 (78.6) |26.4 (79.5) |27.1 (80.8) |28.0 (82.4) |28.2 (82.8) |27.2 (81.0) |26.1 (79.0) |26.4 (79.5) |26.9 (80.4) |- !Average low °C (°F) |15.6 (60.1) |15.8 (60.4) |15.7 (60.3) |16.1 (61.0) |16.2 (61.2) |15.3 (59.5) |15.0 (59.0) |16.0 (60.8) |16.0 (60.8) |15.9 (60.6) |15.5 (59.9) |15.6 (60.1) |15.7 (60.3) |- !Average precipitation mm (inches) |76.9 (3.03) |91.0 (3.58) |114.2 (4.50) |154.2 (6.07) |88.1 (3.47) |18.6 (0.73) |11.4 (0.45) |31.1 (1.22) |69.6 (2.74) |105.7 (4.16) |112.7 (4.44) |77.4 (3.05) |950.9 (37.44) |- !Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) |11 |11 |15 |18 |13 |2 |1 |4 |10 |17 |17 |14 |133 |- |} === Umutungo kamere === U Rwanda rufite umutungo kamere ukurikira: * zahabu * cassiterite (amabati) * wolframite (ubutare bwa tungsten) * columbite-tantalite (tantalum na niobium ore) * methane * amashanyarazi * [[ikawa]] * icyayi * ubutaka bwo guhinga * icyatsi kibisi Imikoreshereze yubutaka mu Rwanda ahanini ni ubutaka bwo guhingwa, nibindi bikorwa. 40&nbsp;km² y'ubutaka mu Rwanda burahirwa . Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irasobanura imikoreshereze y'ubutaka mu Rwanda, guhera mu 2011. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka ! Koresha ! Ijanisha ry'akarere |- ! ubutaka bwo guhinga | 46.32 |- ! ibihingwa bihoraho | 9.49 |- ! ikindi | 44.19 |- |} == Ibidukikije == Ibyago byibasiye u Rwanda birimo amapfa rimwe na rimwe n'ibikorwa by'ibirunga byo ku misozi ya Virunga, biherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ku mupaka na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ibibazo biriho bijyanye n’ibidukikije mu Rwanda birimo: ibisubizo byo gutema amashyamba atagenzuwe kuri lisansi, kurisha cyane, kunanirwa n’ubutaka no guhiga bukware. === Amasezerano mpuzamahanga === U Rwanda ni uruhande rw’amasezerano mpuzamahanga akurikira: * Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye * Imihindagurikire y’ibihe * Imihindagurikire y’ibihe-Porotokole ya Kyoto * Ubutayu * Ubwoko Bwangirika * Imyanda iteje akaga * Ibizamini bya kirimbuzi * Kurinda Ozone * Ibishanga U Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano, ariko ntirwemeza amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeye amategeko y’inyanja . == Ingingo zikabije == Uru ni urutonde rwibintu bikabije byu [[Rwanda]], ingingo ziri kure cyane mumajyaruguru, amajyepfo, iburasirazuba cyangwa iburengerazuba kuruta ahandi hantu. * Majyaruguru Akadomo - utaravuzwe Indanganturo ku mupaka [[Ubugande|Uganda]] yahise majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa mudugudu wa Kagitumba, [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Eastern]] ntara * Ahantu h'iburasirazuba - ahantu hatavuzwe izina ku mupaka na [[Tanzaniya]] mu ruzi rwa Kagera, intara [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|y'Iburasirazuba]] * Ahantu h'amajyepfo - ahantu hatavuzwe izina kumupaka [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]], intara y'Amajyepfo * Westernmost point - ahantu hatavuzwe izina kumupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu ruzi rwa Ruzizi ako kanya mu majyepfo y’umujyi wa Bukavu, intara [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|y’iburengerazuba]] == Reba == # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Rwanda # [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumenyi bw'isi]] 6rnclfyafho0a25exs78hw9u6ya321o 0 8690 75257 74418 2021-03-23T20:02:11Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IKIRENGE cultural monument.jpg|thumb|IKirenge cya Ruganzu image]] Ikirenge cya Ruganzu ni izina ry'ahantu nyaburanga mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Akarere ka Rulindo]] umurenge wa Gasiga, hitiriwe [[Umwami]] [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]]. == Amateka == Ruganzu uvugwa ko yasize ikimenyetso muri aka gace ku [[Rwanda]] ni Ruganzu II Ndoli bivuga ko yimye ingoma muw'i 1510 aturutse Karagwe ka Bahinda aho yari yarahungishirijwe kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana akaza aje kuvana U [[Rwanda]] mu maboko y'abanyamahanga bari bararwigaruriye. Iki kirenge rero cyari kwibuye wagereranya n'urusyo benshi bahamya ko umwami Ruganzu yaje kuharuhukira ari kumwe n'ibisumizi bye cyangwa ingabo ze, bivugwa ko bari birutse cyane bakananirwa barangiza bakamusaba amazi, nuko Ruganzu afata umwambi afora umuheto arasa ku nkombe imwe havamo isoko y'amazi, kuva ubwo iyo soko yitwa "Isoko ya Ruganzu" Aha rero hari ibuye rinini ryariho ikirenge cya Ruganzu aho yakandagiye amano akishushanya ndetse n'ibinono by'imbwa ze. Iki kirenge cyaje kw'imurwa kubw'impamvu zo gukora umuhanda [[Kigali]]-[[Akarere ka Musanze]] kijyanywa mu nzu ndangamuco mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], i Butare Nyuma ku bw'ubusabe bwa benshi iki kimenyetso ndangamateka kikaba kimaze igihe gito kigaruwe mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] ku kirenge, aho ubuyobozi bw'akarere bw'ubatse ikigo ndangamuco kitwa Ikirenga.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj3-UCN7zHM</ref> == Ikirenga == [[File:Kinyarwanda house.jpg|thumb|Ikigo ndangamuco Ikirenga]] Ikigo ndangamuco Ikirenga kizwi cyane nka " '''Ikirenga Cultural Center'''" cyubatswe mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] nk'ikigo cyo gusigasira amateka ndetse no kwigisha abahatuye. Ubuyobozi bw'[[Akarere ka Rulindo]] buvuga ko ari byiza nk'akarere kubaka ibimenyetso bidasibangana bizibutsa ab'igihe kizaza amateka ya Ruganzu II Ndoli, ivuka rye, uko yimye, uko yafashe ingoma n'uko yatanze. Sibyo gusa ahubwo iki kigo kigaragaza ndetse amateka yaranze n'utundi duce nk'Ubumbogo, Ububeruka, Ubusugi ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byari bigize aho Rulindo iherereye ubu<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post.php/Rulindo-Ba-mukerarugendo-ntibakirenga-aho-bita-ku-kirenge-cya-Ruganzu?url_title=Rulindo-Ba-mukerarugendo-ntibakirenga-aho-bita-ku-kirenge-cya-Ruganzu</ref>. Ikirenga kandi habera imyidagaduro itandukanya n'imikino ishingiye ku muco harimo nk'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, ivuka rya Ruganzu n'iyimikwa ry'ingoma ya Karinga, sibyo gusa kandi ahubwo habera n'imurikagurisha ritandukanye ry'imitako nyarwanda.<ref>https://www.ktradio.rw/2019/08/25/abatuye-ku-kirenge-barasaba-ko-ikirenge-cya-ruganzu-cyahahoze-cyahagarurwa/</ref> == Ubukerarugendo == [[File:Rwanda cultural home.jpg|thumb|Inzu ikurura abakerarugendo, Ikirenga Centre]] Ikirenge cya Ruganzu gifite akamaro kanini mu gukurura bakerarugendo mu gihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]] cyane cyane biciye mu kigo cyubatswe mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] mu gusigasira amateka yahabaye ngo adasibangana. Iyo usuye iki kigo usanga harubatwe inzu za [[Kinyarwanda]] ndetse zirimo bimwe mu bikoresho byakoreshwaga nabo mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere mu muco nyarwanda harimo nk'urwuho, Uruhimbi, Ibyansi, Ibisabo,Imitozo ndetse n'ibindi byinshi. Iyo usuye iki kigo ubona ukuntu Ruganzu yabaye ingenzi mu gucungura u [[Rwanda]] kandi nkuko akiri<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/220013</ref>. == Aho yatabarijwe == Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli yari umwami udasanzwe, yimye ingoma u [[Rwanda]] rumaze hafi imyaka cumi n'umwe(11) rutagira umwami yagize ibigwi byinshi harimo kuba yarashatse umugore umwe ndetse akabyara umwana umwe w'ikinege Mutara I Semugeshi, Ruganzu yaje gutabarizwa i Byumba ahazwi cyane nko mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] amaze kugambanirwa n'ibisumizi bye.<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/amateka/abantu/item/426-ibintu-22-byerekeye-umwami-ruganzu-ii-ndoli</ref> == Aho iherereye == Ikigo ndangamuco Ikirenga giherereye mu kagali ka Gako, umurenge wa Rusiga , [[Akarere ka Rulindo]] mu Ntara y,amajyaruguru, ni mu birometero makumyabiri na bitanu (25km) uvuye I [[Kigali]] == Reba == <references /> == Reba kandi == Rwanda development Board<ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/tourism/</ref> <references /> [[Category:Abami b'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubumenyahantu]] q66uz9sfeecqy6wra6t34apf9eva6ke 0 8691 76094 74977 2021-07-17T23:19:08Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lycée de Kigali''' ('''LDK''') ni ishuri ryísumbuye riherereye mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]], mu umujyi wa [[Kigali]], Mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Ryatangiye mu 1975, ni rimwe mumashuri yisumbuye yakera [[Dosiye:Iskfacilities.jpg|thumb|'''Lycée de Kigali''' ('''LDK''')]] mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] == Amateka == '''Lycée de Kigali''' ni ishuri riri mu mashuri ya kera mu Rwanda, ni ishuri ry'indashyikirwa mu burezi mu myaka myinshi. '''Lycée de Kigali''' yatangijwe na abafaransa mu 1975, kandi ni rimwe mu mashuri meza yigwamo na abahungu n'abakobwa. '''Lycée de Kigali''' yahawe leta mu 1982 ryari ryamaze kuterimbere. Uyumunsi, '''Lycée de Kigali''' ishobora kwakira abanyeshuri 1400 mu kiciro rusange nikiciro gikuru cy'amashuri yisumbuye. '''Lycée de Kigali''' kandi ni ubufatanye bwa leta y'u Rwanda na ababyeyi. Ishuri ryakira abanyeshuri baturutse imihanda yose rikabafasha kuba abantu bingirakamaro bakenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo.<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?page=about&id_article=1</ref> == Amasomo yigishwa muri '''Lycée de Kigali''' == === Ikiciro rusange === [[Dosiye:Pupils_of_the_school_(6007998285).jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri ]] Abanyeshuri bigishwa amasomo akurikira: * Imibare * Icyongereza * Ibinyabuzima * Ubutabire * Ubugenge * Amateka * Ubumenyi bw'isi * Mudasobwa * Ikinyarwanda === Icyiciro gikuru === '''Lycée de Kigali''' ifite amashami akurikira: • PCB : Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima • PCM : Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'imibare • MCB : Imibare, Ubutabire, n'ibinyabuzima • MPC : Imibare, Ubugenge n'ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa • MPG : Imibare, Ubugenge n'ubumenyi bw'isi • MEG : Imibare, Ubukungu n'ubumenyi bw'isi • HEG : Amateka, Ubukungu n'ubumenyi bw'isi • Ubumenyi rusange, no Kwihangira imirimo.<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?rubrique5</ref> == Ubuzima bw'abanyeshuri == Ishuri ricumbikira abahungu n'abakobwa.<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?page=about&id_article=15</ref> === Imikino === '''Lycée de Kigali''' ifite ikibuga cy'umupira wa amaguru nicy'umukino w'amaboko. Byatumye ishuri riba indashyikirwa rinatwara ibikombe mu myaka myinshi<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?page=about&id_article=10</ref>. === Umuco n'imyidagaduro === Ishuri rifite itorero, iri torero rigira abarifasha. Ishuri kandi ritegura amarushanwa y'umuco hagati y'amashuri<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?page=about&id_article=11</ref> == Abayobozi ba Lycée de Kigali == # [[MASABO M. Martin]]<ref>http://www.lyceedekigali.ac.rw/spip.php?page=about&id_article=82</ref> == Abaharangije bazwi == # [[AKAZUBA Cynthia]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/93327</ref> # [[BAHATI Grace]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80950</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Kiyovu]] [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Abanyeshuri]] [[Category:Ubumenyi]] sny03mkst080leka4c9mwmok1dw3j22 0 8692 79514 77089 2021-10-16T16:39:35Z 2C0F:EB68:208:AE00:69F3:38EA:ADE1:4C1A Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mokamtala_Secondary_School.jpg|thumb|Ikigo cy'amashuri cya '''Lycée Notre-Dame de Cîteaux''' kiri mu mujyi wa kigali mu karere ka Nyarugenge]] '''Lycée Notre-Dame de Cîteaux''' ni ishuri ryisumbuye ry'abakobwa riherereye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] rwagati. == Abayoboye '''Lycée Notre-Dame de Cîteaux''' == # [[Soeur Nayituriki Hélène]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-yatunze-agatoki-ababyeyi-ku-busambanyi-n-inda-zitateguwe</ref> == Abahize bazwi == # [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]]<ref>https://www.cheno.gov.rw/index.php?id=219&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=35&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=80204630b4c3a98130526f955ca30d94</ref> == Aho byakuwe == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Amashuri]] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Amashuri yisumbuye]] [[Category:Abanyeshuri]] l26m08pjysiftpguv7zjo4fl6ft9g7j 0 8693 79508 79418 2021-10-14T04:30:36Z Wizzito 10213 nabi ishusho wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- !Yavutse |Jerry Robert Kajuga 1960 Kibungo, [[Rwanda-Burundi]] |- !Yapfuye |mbere y'urugendo 2007 Kinshasa , [[RDC]] |- !Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- | colspan="2" | |- !Kwiyemerera |Rwanda |- !Kwemeza |Icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu |- !Igihano cy'inshinjabyaha |Igifungo cya burundu |- !Itariki yafashwe |1996 |- !Gufungirwa kuri |Butare |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16730532? hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} '''Jerry Robert Kajuga''' (1960,Kibungo  akura Werurwe 2007,[[Kinshasa]]) ari Umututsi kuva Kibungo,  Perezida y'igihugu umuyobozi wa MRND -affiliated FDLR intagondwa, ku Nterahamwe ,  yari ahanini bashinzwe mu bikorwa rya Jenoside mu 1994. Yakomokaga mu muryango w'abatutsi igice (nyina yari Umuhutu naho se yari umututsi ) se yari yarabonye impapuro z'irangamuntu z'Abahutu.  Kugira ngo twirinde bwose urwikekwe ku muryango wabo kuba Abatutsi, Robert Kajuga yakomeje umuvandimwe we yihishe ku Hôtel des Mille Collinesi Kigali. Kajuga yahunze u Rwanda muri Nyakanga 1994, ahungira muri Kongo hafi y’imyaka ibiri nigice, mbere yo gufatwa n’inzego z’umutekano z’umuryango w’abibumbye ndetse anaburanishwa i Kigali maze akatirwa igifungo cya burundu. Nyuma Kajuga yapfiriye muri gereza mbere gato ya Werurwe 2007 azize indwara itazwi i Kinshasa. es756gj2xoz4bqy4son2d5cfridbvzf 14 8696 74411 2021-01-28T13:56:02Z Mrbobax 8233 Created page with "Iki nigice kigizwe nabababaye Abami b'u Rwanda." wikitext text/x-wiki Iki nigice kigizwe nabababaye Abami b'u Rwanda. huvwvt2sqndwmy3c0jq12uwg515cf6s 0 8697 81975 79448 2022-02-09T06:19:04Z 99.236.82.98 /* Kuragura */ wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere, kuva rwahangwa, [[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] babayeho bafite ukwemera kwarangwaga n’uko mu myumvire yabo bumvaga ko hari ugenga ibintu byose n’abantu bitaga “[[Imana]]”.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 153</ref> Icyo gihe bemeraga ko nta kintu cyapfuye kwitura ku [[isi]] kidafite uwagishyizeho ari we [[:en:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] bafataga nk’Usumba byose. Imyemerere rero ni kimwe mu biranga Umurage w’abanyarwanda.<ref>Indangagaciro z’umuco w’u Rwanda – Igitabo nyobozi, Inteko nyarwanda y’ururimi n’umuco, 2018, ISBN: 978-99977-787-03, p. 11</ref> [[:fr:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] bemeraga ko umuntu ugaragara ufite ubwenge, [[Dosiye:Gucunda_Amata_culture_or_cheese_making.jpg|thumb|Gucunda Amata]] uhumeka, ukora n’ibindi, arimo ibice bibiri bigizwe n’umubiri ndetse n’igicucu kitagaragarira amaso. Aha ni ho baheraga bavuga ko iyo umuntu atakiri mu buzima, umubiri uhinduka umurambo ariko cya gicucu cye kikaba umuzimu udafatishwa intoki maze ukajya kwiturira I kuzimu ariko kubera urukundo wabaga ugikomeje kugirira ibyasigaye ku isi ukaba wajya uza kubisura.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 77</ref> [[Dosiye:Inshabure gakondo.jpg|center|thumb|330x330px|inshabure]] Kera [[:en:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] bemeraga ko nyuma y’ubu buzima hari ubundi bugizwe n’abakurambere bagwa neza bitwaga Ingabwa n’abagwa nabi.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 153</ref> [[Dosiye:Umuco_nyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibikoresho byakoreshwaga cyane n' abakera mu muco nyarwanda]] ==Kwemera Imana== [[:fr:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] bemeraga ko batihagije ahubwo ko hari ikindi kintu kiruta ibintu byose biriho kikanabigenga, ari cyo bitaga [[Imana]]. Kwemera iyi [[Imana|Mana]] binagaragarira mu byo bavugaga dore ko hari n’amazina afatiye kuri yo abanyarwanda bitaga ababo.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 154</ref> KamereMana yagaragazwaga n’amazina atatu bayitaga: IYAMBERE (Bashaka kwerekana ko ari yo isumba byose kandi ko nta n’umwe isangiye na we kamere), IYAKARE (Bivuze ko yahozeho kandi izabaho iteka ryose bitandukanye n’uko ibintu bisanzwe bigira igihe bitangirira kubaho n’ikindi birangiriraho) na RUGABO (Bisobanuye ko ishobora byose, mbese nta kintu na kimwe cyayinanira).<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 1</ref> ==Abazimu== Hagendewe ku nkomoko y’iri zina, Umuzimu riva ku nshinga kuzima, bisobanura ko ikintu cyakaga umuriro,  wagikongoye, kigasigara ari ivu ritagifite ubushyuhe. Iyo bavuga umuntu batyo rero, biba bihamya ko atagifite ubushyuhe bw’ubuzima, umubiri we wahindutse ubutita ndetse atakiri umuntu, bakamwita intumbi.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 30</ref> Ubundi igice cy’umuntu kidapfa ni cyo cyitwaga “Umuzimu”. Iyo umuntu yitabaga Imana, Umuzimu we wajyaga I kuzimu ariko rimwe na rimwe ukazajya ujya kureba ibyasigaye I musozi ari na ho wasabaga abe kumwubaha no kumwiyambaza kandi na wo ukabahozaho ijisho kugira ngo batazata umuco karande ndetse n’abagerageje kuwutatira bagahanwa kuko uwo muzimu wabatezaga ibyago bitandukanye nk’indwara n’ibindi.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 77</ref> ==Kwambaza Nyabingi==[[File:Inkanda.jpg|thumb|Inkanda]] Uyu [[Nyabinghi|Nyabingi]] bamwe bitaga Nyabingi Nyiramubyeyi (Umubyeyi), Biheko cyangwa Nyirabiheko bitewe n’uduce, hari abavuga ko yaba afite inkomoko mu Ndorwa cyangwa I Karagwe ndetse ko Rurema yamuhaye ububasha bwo kubaho iteka ryose. Ngo yari umugore utarigeze ushaka umugabo.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 162</ref><ref>Sobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyemerere Gakondo ndetse n'iyo muri iki gihe,ese ni iyihe y’ukuri? <nowiki>http://www.rwandatoday.rw/p.php?id=4305</nowiki></ref> Kwiyambaza [[Nyabinghi|Nyabingi]] ubundi ngo byari uburyo bwo kumusaba ngo abantu babone ibyo bifuza mu buryo butagoranye nk’urubyaro, gukira uburwayi butandukanye, kweza imyaka, n’ibindi.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 85</ref> Bivuze ko ubufasha n’uburinzi bwe bwasabwaga mu gihe cy’ibyago no mu bigoye.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 163</ref> Umwihariko wo kwiyambaza [[Nyabinghi|Nyabingi]] uzi cyane mu Majyaruguru ndetse no mu Majyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]] kugeza mu Mutara no mu Bwishya, mu Bufumbira no muri Kigezi.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 162</ref> ==Guterekera==[[File:Uburaguzi.jpg|thumb|Uburaguzi]] Kuba abanyarwanda baremeraga ko abazimu bashobora kubatera bakaba banabateza ibyago, byatumaga bakora ibishoboka ngo babagushe neza ari na byo bitwaga Guterekera. Kubaterekera rero kwari ukubaho mu buryo bifuza, kugira ngo batuze, be guteza ibyago abazima.Mu rwego rwo kugusha neza abo bazimu, abanyarwanda babubakiraga inzu (Izwi cyane ni iyitwaga kwa Cyirima) cyangwa bakabagondera indarondetse bagashyira amaturo ku nzu cyangwa mu ziko (byitwaga kubasetsa) nk’ibishyimbo,amata inzoga n’ibindi. Gusa byose bakabikora babanje kubitera amazi n’ingwa no kubitongera. Umuntu arebye neza asanga uyu muhango wo Guterekera waratumaga ubumwe n’urukundo hagati y’abazima n’ababo bapfuye waragumagaho bikanerekana ko urupfu rudakwiye kuba umupaka cyangwa inzitizi hagati y’abazima n’abatakiri mu buzima.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 156</ref> Uko baterekeraga: Ku buryo busanzwe, uterekera ni nyirurugo, aterekerera abo mu muryango w’urugo rwe. Abazimu aterekera, nabo ni abakurambere bo muri uwo muryango. Mu ngo z’abanyarwanda ba kera, wasangaga hari uturaro ahantu hiherereye ho murugo. Utwo turaro rero tukaba ari two baterekereramo abazimu. Uterekera yarazaga akakicaramo, akazana ifumba y’umuriro agashyira mu nkono,agahekenya amasaka, agacira muri uwo muriro, nuko ayo masaka agaturika. Uterekera akavuga ati: Seka Gasani k’i [[Rwanda]], seka gororoka mukurambere nyir’igicumbi, tsinda umwanzi, tsinda umurozi! Yashoboraga kuvuga n’andi magambo asa n’ayo. Iyo yamaraga kuvuga interuro y’iryo sengesho, yahitaga abwira uwo mukurambere ibyo yaje kumubwira byose.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 31</ref><ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 157</ref> ==Kubandwa== Kubandwa ubundi umuntu ashingiye ku nkomoko y’ijambo ubwaryo byakabaye ari “kumandwa” bisobanuye guterekera abazimu b’imandwa.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 158</ref> Izi mandwa bivugwa ko zaje mu [[Rwanda]] ziyobowe n’umutware wazo Ryangombe rya Babinga ba Nyundo zivuye mu gace ka Gitara mu Gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ubu ni hafi y’ikiyaga cya Rwicanzige. N’ubwo nta wuzi neza igihe ibi byabereye ariko hari abavuga ko ngo byaba byari ahagana mu kinyejana cya 16 ku ngoma y’[[umwami]] w’u [[Rwanda]] Ruganzu Ndoli.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 32</ref> Ryangombe amaze gupfa, ngo abantu batangiye kujya bamwiyambaza (kumubandwa), ababikora (ababandwa) bagasaba kugira impagarike, ubugingo n’uburumbuke.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 86</ref> Kubandwa ni ugukora uwo muhango mukuru utuma umuntu yinjira mu muryango w’imandwa. Icya kabiri ni ukubahiriza imandwa wigana urusaku n’imihango yazo, ikindi ni ugukomeza gukora iyo mihango igihe wemerewe burundu.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 159</ref> Kubera ko imandwa zakomotse I mahanga bitari abakurambere b’abanyarwanda, kubandisha byabaga ari umuhango wo kugira umunyarwanda usanzwe umwana w’abazimu b’imandwa.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 11</ref> Gusa bamwe mu banyarwanda bagiye bitabira uyu muhango abandi ntibabikozwa ari na byo byatumye abatarawitabiraga baritwaga Inzigo.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 160</ref> Uyu muhango warimo inzego eshatu (nk’uko ubu muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] haba amasakaramentu atatu: Batisimu, Ugukomezwa n’Ukarisitiya): Intambwe ya mbere yari Ukwatura aho umuntu wari usanzwe ari inzigo, bamugiriraho imihango yo kumwaturaho umuzimu w’imandwa, kandi uwo muzimu bakamuvuga izina, akaba abaye umurinzi w’uwo mubandwa mushya ubaye umwana we. Nk’uko ubatijwe ahabwa Umutagatifu uzamubera umurinzi kandi akitwa n’izina rye. Intambwe ya Kabiri yari Ugusubizaho, bivuga kuzuza ububasha bw’Imandwa kuri uwo mubandwa, bigasa nk’Isakramentu ryo Gukomezwa ry’abakirisitu. Intambwe ya gatatu yitwa Gutonoora aho Umubandwa umaze gusubizwaho yemererwaga kujya mu muhango wo kumara urubanza. Kumara urubanza bikaba ari ukwica imfizi y’inka, bakayitura umuzimu bashaka kugusha neza, uwashubijweho akarya kuri iyo nyama y’iyo mfizi bamajije urubanza. Niyo baha umaze gukomezwa mu muryango w’Imandwa ngo ayirye bwa mbere, azajye akomeza no kuyirya igihe cyose uwo muhango uzaba wabaye. Birumvikana ko Gutonoora bisa n’umuhango w’Isakramentu ry’Ukaristiya muri Kilizia Gatolika. Iyo mihango yose yari yerekeye ukubandisha, yakorerwaga mu muhango witwa Ugutereka,yahurirwagamo n’ababandwa bose, igasa na ya Misa yo mu ba Kristu.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 33</ref> Aho uyu muhango wari utandukaniye n’uwo kwiyambaza Nyabingi, ni uko kuri Nyabingi batabandishaga.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 85</ref> Icyaziraga mu [[Rwanda]] ariko ni uko [[umwami]] yabandwa kuko kuba yapfukamira undi [[mwami]], akamukomera mu mashyi, kwaba ari ukumuhakwaho kandi akaba amuhaye igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], ibyo bikaba bizira! Cyakora [[umwami]] yashoboraga gushyizeho umusimbura kuri uwo murimo wo kubandwa.  Uwo musimbura, agahabwa izina ryo kwitwa [[umwami]] w’Imandwa kandi agatorwa mu muryango w’abayumbu.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 33</ref> ==Kuragura== Ubundi Kuragura bisobanuye kumenya ikintu cyihishe (ikintu kiriho ariko kitagaragara) ndetse no gufindura (kumenya ibizaza). Uko gufindura icyo abazimu b’abakurambere bifuza byafashaga kugena uko abantu bakwiye kwitwara mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 78</ref> Muri uyu muhango, Umupfumu yari afite uruhare rukomeye kuko yafatwaga nk’uzi gutandukanya ibimenyetso byo ku isi bigaragara n’ubushake bw’Imana.<ref>Amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Deo Byanafashe na Paul Rutayisire, Komisiyo y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge (CNUR), Kigali, 2016, p. 158</ref> Hari uburyo bunyuranye bwo kuragura burimo: kuraguza umutwe (guhanura), Kuragura urugimbu, inka cyangwa intama, imihundwa, inkoko, igikondo (kuragura inzuzi), amavuta n’ibindi.<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 79-84</ref> Agaciro kari muri iyi myemerere yo kuragura ni uko byerekana ko abanyarwanda bari bafite umutima n’ubwenge bwumva ko kugisha inama uwufite icyo arusha undi bigira umumaro ukomeye mu mibereho yabo.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 34</ref> Mu gihe hirya no hino ku [[isi]] imyemerere yamenyekanye cyane igiye ifite abo yakomotseho (nk’Abakirisitu bava kuri Yezu Kirisitu, Abasiramu bakava kuri Muhamadi, imyemerere y’Abayuda kuri Musa, …), mu [[Rwanda]] si ko biri kuko nta muntu uzwi ufatwa nk’inkomoko y’imyemerere gakondo y’abanyarwanda ahubwo iva ku Mana bita Rurema. Ibi bivuze ko [[Imana]] bwite ari yo yishyiriye iyo myemerere mu bwenge bw’abantu bayo yiremeye bakagira imyemerere karemano bitandukanye no mu yindi myemerere usanga ifite uwo ishingiyeho witwa ko yatumwe n’[[Imana]]. Iyo [[Imana|Mana]] kandi bemeraga ko ari yo yashyizeho uburyo buyobora umutima wa muntu.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 28</ref> Mu yindi myemerere usanga bafite aho basengera, abayobozi ndetse n’uburyo buzwi bwo gusenga. Mu myemerere gakondo, urusengero rwafatwaga nk’umutima n’ubwenge bya muntu kandi akiyambariza Imana aho ari ho hose no mu byo yaba arimo byose, abayobozi bakaba buri muntu kuko bumvaga ko buri wese ashobora gushyikirana na Rurema (n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe hari abo bemeraga ko bashobora kubavugira ku [[Imana|Mana]] nk’Ababyeyi mu muryango ndetse n’Abategetsi) maze isengesho rikagaragarira mu mihango inyuranye bakoraga.<ref>Bernardin Muzungu, o.p., LA RELIGION TRADITIONNELLE DES RWANDAIS COMPAREE AUX AUTRES RELIGIONS,                                                Edit. Les cahiers Lumière et Société, No 60 Janvier 2019, KIGALI-RWANDA, p. 24</ref> ==Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi Nyandiko== [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Afurika]] <references /> ==Reba kandi== * Sobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyemerere Gakondo ndetse n'iyo muri iki gihe ,ese ni iyihe y’ukuri? https://web.archive.org/web/20210214123413/https://www.ibisigo.com/sobanukirwa-itandukaniro-riri-hagati-yimyemerere-gakondo-ndetse-niyo-muri-ikigihe-ese-niyihe-yukuri * Sobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyemerere Gakondo ndetse n'iyo muri iki gihe,ese ni iyihe y’ukuri? http://www.rwandatoday.rw/p.php?id=4305 *Impaka ku myemerere gakondo n’imyemerere ya gikirisitu, https://web.archive.org/web/20210115180044/https://radiotv1.rw/amakuru/umuco/article/impaka-ku-myemerere-gakondo-n-imyemerere-ya-gikirisitu *IMYEMERERE, http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=769 *Imana y’I Rwanda ikwiye gufata umwanya wa mbere-Ntezimana Sebu, https://integonews.com/en_US/imana-yi-rwanda-ikwiye-gufata-umwanya-wa-mbere-ntezimana-sebu/ *ZOOM IN: Imyemerere Gakondo || Bumvaga mu nzu ugomba kuryama ufitemo amazi n’umuriro, 2019, https://rwanda.watsupafrica.com/news/zoom-in-imyemerere-gakondo-bumvaga-mu-nzu-ugomba-kuryama-ufitemo-amazi-numuriro/ *Burera: Kurekana na za Nyabingi n’abapfumu bayoboka amavuriro byabafashije gukira indwara yo mu mutwe, 10 Ukwakira 2020, https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/10/10/burera-kurekana-na-za-nyabingi-nabapfumu-bayoboka-amavuriro-byabafashije-gukira-indwara-yo-mu-mutwe/ *Ukananirwa Ikinyarwanda ukamenya gusoma Yesaya w’umuzimu w’iyo-Rutangarwamaboko ntavuga rumwe n’Abakirisitu, 09 Nyakanga 2020, https://web.archive.org/web/20210119213552/https://kigalireport.com/ukananirwa-ikinyarwanda-ukamenya-gusoma-yesaya-wumuzimu-wiyorutangarwamaboko-ntavuga-rumwe-nabakirisitu/ *Kureka Nyabingi nkayoboka ibitaro ni byo byankijije indwara yo mu mutwe - Ubuhamya bwa Rutihohora, 11 Ukwakira 2020, https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/kureka-nyabingi-nkayoboka-ibitaro-ni-byo-byankijije-indwara-yo-mu-mutwe-ubuhamya-bwa-rutihohora *UMURAGE: Imyemerere mu Rwanda rwo hambere, https://rtwab.com/videos/watch/uw4U4bc4Acc *U RWANDA N’U BURUNDI BYAHOZE BISANGIYE BYINSHI [AMATEKA], 05 Gashyantare 2019, http://celebzmagazine.com/u-rwanda-nu-burundi-byahoze-bisangiye-byinshi-amateka/ *Yezu Kristu wenyine ni we waduhishuriye Imana y’ukuri, Kuwa gatatu w’icyumweru cya XV gisanzwe, 19/07/2017, https://yezu-akuzwe.org/inyigisho/yezu-kristu-wenyine-we-waduhishuriye-imana-yukuri/ *Kigali: Hatoranyijwe intumwa cumi n’imwe zigiye kwamamaza Imana y’i Rwanda, Kuya 10-12-2018, https://www.umubavu.com/amakuru/Kigali-Hatoranyijwe-intumwa-cumi-n-imwe-zigiye-kwamamaza-Imana-y-i-Rwanda *Kubandwa,Guterekera n’indi mihango yafatwaga nk’iyagipagani bihuriyehe no gusenga kw’iki gihe? 03 Mutarama, 2018. Byarebwe kuri 12/02/2021 kuri  http://celebzmagazine.com/kubandwaguterekera-nindi-mihango-yafatwaga-nkiyagipagani-bihuriyehe-no-gusenga-byki-gihe/ *Kubandwa Imana: Urumuri n’umukiro wa Benimana. 13 Kamena 2018. Byarebwe ku wa 12/02/2021 kuri https://igihe.com/umuco/ibitabo/article/kubandwa-imana-urumuri-n-umukiro-wa-benimana * [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] fh36qxlczuedyg621c4lwa1iuy37tcv 0 8698 78269 74482 2021-08-23T23:39:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Nyuma y’imyaka 23 u Rwanda rwibohoye, abana ba Uwiringiyimana Agathe wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda akaza kwicwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, baracyaba mu buhungiro. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|Rwanda]] izdbzzlai3tnlrg5fuq2hb4j036f41k 0 8699 77359 77002 2021-08-09T20:36:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oficiální_logo®_společnosti_UNAR.jpg|thumb|Ikirango cy'ishyaka rizwi ku izina rya UNAR ryashinzwe n'umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa]] Rwagasana Michel yavutse mu wa 1927, akaba yarabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w'umwami Mutara lll Rudahigwa, yabaye umunyamabanga w'inama nkuru y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda ndetse aba n'umukozi wa leta mbiligi muri teritwari ya Ruanda-urundi. == Ubuzima bwe bwo hambere == Rwagasana Michel ni umwe mu bagabo bazwi mu mateka y' u [[Rwanda]], yavutse mu wa 1927, avukira ahahoze ari mu ntara ya Gitarama, Gitisi na Nyamagana ubu ni mu karere ka Ruhango, mu ntara y'amajyepfo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |accessdate=2021-01-31 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129083633/http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Amashuri abanza yayigiye i kabgayi mu wa 1940 kugera muwa 1945, akomeza kwiga ayisumbuye ayakomereza muri groupe scolaire ya Astrida(ahahoze hitwa Butare) ubu ni mu karere ka huye. kuva 1945 kugera 1950, ahakura impamyabumenyi mubyubutegetsi. Mu mwaka wa 1956 Rwagasana Michel yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire babyarana abana batatu<ref name=":0" /> == Ishingwa rya UNAR == [[Dosiye:Tutsi_king_Mutara.jpg|thumb|Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa washinze ishyaka UNAR ]] Mutara lll Rudahigwa yatangije ishyaka rya [[:en:Rwandese_National_Union|UNAR]] ryari rigendereye cyane gushaka ubwigenge bw'igihugu cy'u Rwanda; kugira ibitekerezo bitandukanye nabakoloni no gushakira ubwigenge u Rwanda byatumye atumvikana neza nabakoloni nyuma aza gupfa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/Rudahigwa-n-ishyaka-UNAR-ngo-nibo-ba-mbere-mu-guharanira-ubwigenge-bw-u-Rwanda</ref> hanyuma Rwagasana Michel yashyizwe ku isonga ry'ishyaka UNAR muri teritwari ya nyanza mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko kuva mu wa 1961 kugeza mu wa 1963, mugihe yarari muri iyo nteko yagaragaje umwete wo gukosora umushinga w'itegeko nshinga ryo mu wa 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |accessdate=2021-01-31 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129083633/http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ibigwi bya Rwagasana Michel == Rwagasana Michel yabaye umunyamabanga w'inama nkuru y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda n'umunyamabanga w'umwami Mutara lll Rudahigwa. Rwagasana Michel kandi yabaye umukozi wa leta mbirigi muri teritwari ya Ruanda-urundi ashinzwe abakozi kavukire i bujumbura. Ubumuntu, umutima ukunda abantu, kudakoresha ububasha yarafite munyungu ze bwite, guharanira ubumwe bwabanyarwanda no kurwanya amacakubiri nibyo byaranze ubuzima n'imibereho ye muri rusange kugeza bimugejeje ku rupfu. ibi byose bikaba byaramugize intwari y' Imena.<ref>https://www.cheno.gov.rw/index.php?id=97&L=1</ref> == Urupfu rwe == Mu mwaka wa 1963 mu matariki ya 21 na 24 ukuboza mu Rwanda habaye ubwicanyi bwari buyobowe n'ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere aho bwishe abatutsi n'abayobozi b'amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na [[:en:Parmehutu|PARMEHUTU.]] Byumwihariko kw'itariki ya 23 Ukuboza 1963 nibwo Rwagasana Michel wari umunyamabanga mukuru wa UNAR(Ishyaka ryitwaga iry'Umwami) na bagenzi be 27 bafatiwe i Kigali bajyanwa mu Ruhengeri kuri Nyamagumba muri Ecole de Police iryo joro baraye bakorewe iyicarubozo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |accessdate=2021-01-31 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129083633/http://www.intwari.rw/politiki/article/amateka-yihariye-ya-michel-rwaganasana-uri-mu-cyiciro-cy-intwari-z-imena |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Hifashishijwe == <references /> 8b9nettqr44ccnoqoj7hepmysp0wmay 0 8700 76999 76859 2021-08-05T04:26:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intore_5.jpg|thumb|Ibimenyetso biranga Intore nyayo mu Rwanda]] '''Tuyisenge Jean De Dieu:''' ( Intore Tuyisenge yavutse Kuwa 27 Nyakanga 1990). Akomoka kuri ''Mukotanyi Edouard na Mukabaramba Jacqueline ,'' mu muryango w'abana 8 akaba ari uwa 2 , yavukiye mu karere ka Kirehe Intara y'iburasira zuba Ubuhanzi yabugiyemo aherereye mu kuririmba muri Korali, hanyuma aza gutangira kujya aririmba indirimbo zisanzwe ahereye mu kwitabira amarushanwa afite insanganyamatsiko zabaga zatanzwe. Amwe muyo yatsinze ni nk’amarushanwa yateguwe u [[Rwanda]] rwizihizaga isabukuru y’imyaka 25 y’umubano mwizarufitanye n’intara ya [[Lenani Palatina]] yo mu gihugu cy’u [[Ubudage|Budage.]] {{Infobox|title=Intore TUYISENGE Jean De Dieu|Birth name=TUYISENGE Jean De Dieu|Birth date=27 Nyakanga 1990|Origin=RWANDA|Occupation=Singer|Genres=Gakondo}} [[Dosiye:Intore_dancer_during_the_graduation_festivities_at_Kicukiro_stadium_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Amayogi n'ikimenyetso gikomeye kiranga intore mu igihe zihamiriza]] Mu mwaka wa 2007 nibwo yatangiye guhanga indirimbo zivuga ku itorero ry’igihugu zirimo nk’Intore Izirush a Intambwe n’izindi. Mu mwaka wa 2010, nibwo yakoze indirimbo ye yamenyekanye kurusha izindi yitwa Tora Kagame Paul, nuko atangira kwinjira atyo mu rubuga rw’abahanzi nyarwanda. Iyo ndirimbo yaje no gutuma atoranywa nk’umwe mu bahanzi bafashije Perezida wa Repubulika mu gikorwa cyo kwiyamamaza babinyujije mu buhanzi bwabo. Ku itariki ya 6 Kamena 2011 yaje kwerekeza muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|USA]], ari kumwe n’abandi bahanzi batoranyijwe (Massamba, Kitoko, Kizito, Edouard, Gasumuni, Mico, Miss Jojo n’abandi) mu bitaramo byitwa [[Rwanda]] Day, byabereye i Chicago. Mu kuririmbira (aho muri Chicago) indirimbo ze nka Unkumbuje u [[Rwanda]], Ak’imuhana, byamufashije kwagura inganzo ye haba mu bitekerezo, mu bunararibonye ndetse no kunguka ubumenyi mu kuririmbira abantu benshi mu bitaramo bikomeye.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/tuyisenge-j-d/biography-17751</ref> 5qhfgy0uxz5rlpigd67bngd4ub2lfwd 0 8701 76318 75106 2021-07-23T04:58:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Photo2_Cars_and_Motorbikes_at_RDB_Office_Road.jpg|left|thumb|Ibiro by'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB)]] '''Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda''' ( '''RDB''' ), ni ishami rya leta rihuza inzego zose za Leta zishinzwe gukurura, kugumana no korohereza ishoramari mu bukungu bw’igihugu. == Aho giherereye == Icyicaro gikuru cya RDB giherereye ku muhanda wa KG 220, i [[Kigali]] ku Gishushu, [[Umurwa|mu murwa mukuru]] n'umujyi munini w'u Rwanda. Ubutabire bw'icyicaro gikuru cya RDB ni: 01 ° 57'10.0 "S, 30 ° 06'10.0" E (Ubunini: -1.952778; Uburebure: 30.102778). == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|left|thumb|223x223px|Umujyi wa Kigali Rwanda aho ikigo cy'iterambere cyubatse]] Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda cyashinzwe mu 2009 kugira ngo gihuze kandi giteze imbere iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu. RDB ikubiyemo ibigo bishinzwe " ''kwandikisha ubucuruzi, guteza imbere ishoramari, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse n’ibigo by’inzobere bishyigikira urwego rw’ibanze rwa ICT n’ubukerarugendo kimwe na SMEs no guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’abantu mu bikorera''<ref>https://businessprocedures.rdb.rw/media/new%20company%20law.pdf</ref> ". Umwanya w'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa, ni umwanya wo [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ku rwego rw'abaminisitiri]] kandi uwari usanzweho ashyirwaho ndetse agatanga raporo kuri [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]] . RDB ipima ibyo imaze kugeraho mu (a) ishoramari ry’amahanga n’imbere mu gihugu, (b) kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na (c) umubare w’imirimo ihanga.<ref>https://rdb.rw/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/RG-Instruction-Mortgage-OG_N___Special_of_12.05.2020.pdf</ref> == Ubuyobozi == [[Dosiye:Clare_Akamanzi.jpg|thumb|Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy' iterambere (RDB) Dr. Clare Akamanzi]] Kuva muri Nzeri 2017, abayobozi bakuru muri RDB barimo aba bakurikira: 1. [[Clare Akamanzi]], umuyobozi mukuru wa RDB 2. Emmanuel Hategeka, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa bya RDB 3. Mark Nkurunziza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari 4. Belise Kariza, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubukerarugendo 5. Winifred Ngangure, umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ishami rishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari 6. Eugene Mutangana, umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije na 7. Louise Kanyonga, umwanditsi mukuru . == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rdb.rw/ Urubuga rwubuyobozi bushinzwe iterambere ryu Rwanda] * <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Pariki z'u Rwanda]] 95aqs00ej11dzecak2c9hl8j9haelni 0 8702 77137 76898 2021-08-08T01:28:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Uwizeye''' ni umunyamategeko, umwarimu akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu Rwanda, yabaye Minisitiri w'Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu biro bya Perezida, kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2014 kugeza Kanama 2017, yabaye Minisitiri w’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo muri [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]] . == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu Rwanda, ku ya 20 Kanama 1979. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu 2006. Yaje gukomeza muri kaminuza ya Groningen mu Buholandi aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi . == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|rwanda]] Mu 2006, Uwizeye yatangiye kwigisha mu ishami ry'amategeko muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda, i [[Butare|Huye]] . Kuva icyo gihe icyo ikigo cyahujwe n’andi mashuri makuru ya Leta kiba [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] . Igihe yashyirwaho na minisitiri muri 2014, yari yarazamutse ku ntera ya Assistant Lecturer, mu bijyanye n'ubukungu mpuzamahanga ndetse n'amategeko agenga ubucuruzi. == Ubuzima Bwite == Judith Uwizeye yashakanye na Manase Ntihinyurwa, ushinzwe gasutamo mukigo cy’imisoro n’amahoro cy'u Rwanda, bafitanye abana babiri bato. == Reba kandi == * [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] * [[Rosemary Mbabazi]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.mifotra.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwa minisiteri ishinzwe abakozi ba leta nu murimo] [[Category:Univerisite y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri bo mu Rwanda]] tfg4xq6t96yx518fmf9txvhyp1jem7m 0 8703 76112 74528 2021-07-18T14:08:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Government agency|agency_name='''Rwanda Revenue Authority'''|headquarters=Kimihurura, [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]|website=[http://www.rra.gov.rw/ Homepage]|parent_agency=Rwanda Ministry of Finance and Economic Development|chief1_position=[[Commissioner General]]|chief1_name=BIZIMANA Ruganintwali Pascal|budget=|employees=|jurisdiction=[[Government of Rwanda]]|nativename=RRA|formed=1998|seal_caption=|seal_width=140px|seal=|logo_caption=|logo_width=160px|logo=|footnotes=}}Ikigo '''gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro''' ( '''RRA''' ) ni ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro cyashyizweho [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|n'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . RRA ishinzwe kubahiriza, gusuzuma, gukusanya, no kubara imisoro itandukanye yashyizwe mu Rwanda. [[Dosiye:Visit_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inyubako y'Ikigo cy' imisoro mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Skrapan,_Open_House_Stockholm_2016,_bild_21.jpg|thumb|Igice kimbere cy' inyubako y' ikigo cy' imisoro mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Skrapan,_Open_House_Stockholm_2016,_bild_20.jpg|thumb|Imisoro yo mu Rwanda ishingiye k' ubucuruzi bw' imbere mu gihugu ]] == Aho iherereye == Icyicaro gikuru cya RRA gikorera mu nzu y'imisoro n'amahoro iherereye ku Kimihurura , mu [[Umurwa|murwa mukuru]] Kigali. RRA ifite n'ibindi biro bitandukanye mu gihugu. Umuhuzabikorwa wicyicaro cyumuryango ni: 01 ° 57'10.0 "S, 30 ° 05'05.0" E (Ubunini: -1.952778; Uburebure: 30.084722). == Incamake == Itegeko ryashyizeho ikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro ryatowe [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|n'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 1997, ariko ikigo cyatangiye gukora mu 1998. RRA iyobowe na Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi mu Rwanda. RRA yatangiye mu 1998, ifite abakozi 200 bakeneye amahugurwa no guhabwa ubumenyi nubuhanga kugirango bakore inshingano zabo.Imiterere yinzego yagombaga gushyirwaho no gutondekwa mumashami hamwe numuyoboro ubihuza . Kugeza muri Gicurasi 2017 byari biteganijwe ko urwego rw’imisoro ruzakusanya byibuze tiriyari 1 Yamafaranga y'u Rwanda (hafi.1,215.000.000 y'amadolari y'Amerika), ku nshuro ya mbere mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari urangira muri Kamena 2017. Muri kiriya gihe, ikigo cyagumanye abasoreshwa 168.346. Kutubahiriza abakiriya benshi b'amasosiyete, no gushaka no kugumana abakozi babishoboye, bikomeje kuba ikibazo kubigo by'imisoro. == Ubuyobozi == Umuyobozi mukuru w’iki kigo ni Komiseri Mukuru, Pascal Bizimana Ruganintwali, washyizweho na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]], byemejwe na Sena, mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu, ishobora kongerwa rimwe. Komiseri Mukuru afashwa na Komiseri Mukuru wungirije. Ikigo gifite amashami abiri ya serivisi, buri rimwe riyobowe na komiseri: (1) Ishami rishinzwe serivisi za gasutamo, (2) ishami ry’imisoro mu gihugu. Hariho amashami cumi na rimwe yunganira, ishami riyoborwa na komiseri cyangwa komiseri wungirije: (1) Ishami rishinzwe iperereza n’imisoro n’imisoro (2) Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge (3) Ishami rishinzwe serivisi z’abasoreshwa (4) Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi (5) Amategeko n’ubuyobozi Ishami ry'Ubunyamabanga (6) Ishami rishinzwe Abakozi (7) Ishami ry'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho (8) Ishami ry’Imari (9) Ishami rishinzwe Amahugurwa (10) Ishami rishinzwe gucunga ibyago no kuvugurura ishami (11) Ishami rishinzwe imiyoborere n’ibikoresho. == Reba kandi == * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rra.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro] * [https://www.pwc.com/rw/en/assets/pdf/taxguide2015-rwanda.pdf Imfashanyigisho yo gusoresha mu Rwanda (2015), na ''PricewaterhouseCoopers''] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Imisoro mu Rwanda]] i87qp8bxhon4k5iotms8msf7k2jmmqa 0 8704 77466 76976 2021-08-11T01:56:48Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Government agency|agency_name='''Rwanda Revenue Authority'''|headquarters=Kimihurura, [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]|website=[http://www.rra.gov.rw/ Homepage]|parent_agency=Rwanda Ministry of Finance and Economic Development|chief1_position=[[Commissioner General]]|chief1_name=BIZIMANA Ruganintwali Pascal|budget=|employees=|jurisdiction=[[Government of Rwanda]]|nativename=RRA|formed=1998|seal_caption=|seal_width=140px|seal=|logo_caption=|logo_width=160px|logo=|footnotes=}}Ikigo '''gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro''' ( '''RRA''' ) ni ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro cyashyizweho [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|n'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . RRA ishinzwe kubahiriza, gusuzuma, gukusanya, no kubara imisoro itandukanye yashyizwe mu Rwanda. == Aho iherereye == [[Dosiye:Rwanda Revenue Authority dans la rue principale de Nyagatare.JPG|thumb|221x221px|imisoro]] Icyicaro gikuru cya RRA gikorera mu nzu y'imisoro n'amahoro iherereye ku Kimihurura , mu [[Umurwa|murwa mukuru]] Kigali. RRA ifite n'ibindi biro bitandukanye mu gihugu. Umuhuzabikorwa wicyicaro cyumuryango ni: 01 ° 57'10.0 "S, 30 ° 05'05.0" E (Ubunini: -1.952778; Uburebure: 30.084722). == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Airbus A330-243 RwandAir.jpg|thumb|178x178px|Rwandair|left]] Itegeko ryashyizeho ikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro ryatowe [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|n'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 1997, ariko ikigo cyatangiye gukora mu 1998. RRA iyobowe na Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi mu Rwanda. RRA yatangiye mu 1998, ifite abakozi 200 bakeneye amahugurwa no guhabwa ubumenyi nubuhanga kugirango bakore inshingano zabo.Imiterere yinzego yagombaga gushyirwaho no gutondekwa mumashami hamwe numuyoboro ubihuza . Kugeza muri Gicurasi 2017 byari biteganijwe ko urwego rw’imisoro ruzakusanya byibuze tiriyari 1 Yamafaranga y'u Rwanda (hafi.1,215.000.000 y'amadolari y'Amerika), ku nshuro ya mbere mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari urangira muri Kamena 2017. Muri kiriya gihe, ikigo cyagumanye abasoreshwa 168.346. Kutubahiriza abakiriya benshi b'amasosiyete, no gushaka no kugumana abakozi babishoboye, bikomeje kuba ikibazo kubigo by'imisoro. == Ubuyobozi == Umuyobozi mukuru w’iki kigo ni Komiseri Mukuru, Pascal Bizimana Ruganintwali, washyizweho na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]], byemejwe na Sena, mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu, ishobora kongerwa rimwe. Komiseri Mukuru afashwa na Komiseri Mukuru wungirije. Ikigo gifite amashami abiri ya serivisi, buri rimwe riyobowe na komiseri: (1) Ishami rishinzwe serivisi za gasutamo, (2) ishami ry’imisoro mu gihugu. Hariho amashami cumi na rimwe yunganira, ishami riyoborwa na komiseri cyangwa komiseri wungirije: (1) Ishami rishinzwe iperereza n’imisoro n’imisoro (2) Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge (3) Ishami rishinzwe serivisi z’abasoreshwa (4) Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi (5) Amategeko n’ubuyobozi Ishami ry'Ubunyamabanga (6) Ishami rishinzwe Abakozi (7) Ishami ry'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho (8) Ishami ry’Imari (9) Ishami rishinzwe Amahugurwa (10) Ishami rishinzwe gucunga ibyago no kuvugurura ishami (11) Ishami rishinzwe imiyoborere n’ibikoresho. == Reba kandi == * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rra.gov.rw/ Urubuga rwikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro] * [https://www.pwc.com/rw/en/assets/pdf/taxguide2015-rwanda.pdf Imfashanyigisho yo gusoresha mu Rwanda (2015), na ''PricewaterhouseCoopers''] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Imisoro mu Rwanda]] cped1tw9uxuoija01n0n7s0lap8cim8 0 8705 83126 76837 2022-05-07T21:48:36Z Andre Engels 106 Replaced content with "#REDIRECT Butera Jane Knowless" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Butera Jane Knowless] jgs3bvg4rzeu59mw3hdjrj5y09ci3bf 0 8706 83125 77252 2022-05-07T21:47:46Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Urutonde rw'Ibihugu u Rwanda rufitemo za Ambasade kwisi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urutonde rw'Ibihugu u Rwanda rufitemo za Ambasade kwisi]] 77fb6mze7kdpvvcfbsx0apou03eckmg 0 8707 77253 75361 2021-08-09T19:48:30Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diplomatic_missions_of_Rwanda.png|right|thumb|450x450px| Ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda]] Uru ni '''urutonde rwibikorwa bya diplomasi byu [[Rwanda]]''', hirya no hino kwisi. == Afurika == [[File:Rwandan_Embassy_in_Beijing.JPG|thumb| Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Beijing]] [[File:High_Commission_of_Rwanda_in_London_1.jpg|right|thumb| Komisiyo Nkuru y'u Rwanda i Londres]] [[File:Rue_Jadin,_12.jpg|right|thumb| Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Paris]] [[File:Rwandan_High_Commission_in_Pretoria.JPG|right|thumb| Komisiyo Nkuru y'u Rwanda i Pretoriya]] [[File:Embassy_of_Rwanda_in_Sweden.JPG|right|thumb| Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Stockholm]] [[File:駐日ルワンダ大使館全景.jpg|right|thumb| Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Tokyo]] [[File:Embassy_of_Rwanda,_Washington,_D.C..jpg|thumb| Ambasade y'u Rwanda i Washington, DC]] * [[Angola]] ** Luanda (Ambasade) * [[Burundi]] ** [[Bujumbura]] (Ambasade) * [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarsi ya Kongo]] ** [[Kinshasa]] (Ambasade) * [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]] ** Brazzaville (Ambasade) * Misiri ** Cairo (Ambasade) * [[Etiyopiya|Etiyopia]] ** [[Addis Ababa]] (Ambasade) * [[Gana]] ** [[Accra]] (Komisiyo Nkuru) * [[Kenya]] ** [[Nairobi]] (Komisiyo Nkuru) * [[Maroke]] ** [[Rabat]] (Ambasade) * [[Nijeriya]] ** [[Abuja]] (Komisiyo Nkuru) * [[Senegali]] ** Dakar (Ambasade) * [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'epfo]] ** Pretoria (Komisiyo Nkuru) * [[Sudani]] ** Khartoum Ambasade() * [[Tanzaniya]] ** Dar es Salaam (Komisiyo Nkuru) * [[Uganda]] ** Kampala (Komisiyo Nkuru) * Zambiya ** [[Lusaka]] (Komisiyo Nkuru) == Amerika == * [[Kanada]] ** Ottawa (Komisiyo Nkuru) *  [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika]] ** Washington, DC ( Ambasade ) == Aziya == *  [[Ubushinwa]] ** Beijing (Ambasade) * [[Ubuhinde]] ** New Delhi (Komisiyo Nkuru) *  [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]] ** [[Tel Aviv]] (Ambasade) *  [[Ubuyapani]] ** [[Tokyo]] (Ambasade) *  [[Singapore]] ** [[Singapore]] (Komisiyo Nkuru) *  [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y Amajyepfo]] ** Seoul (Ambasade) *  [[Turukiya]] ** [[Ankara]] (Ambasade) *  Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abarabu ** Abu Dhabi (Ambasade) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured1/27297/govt-appoints-new-envoys-to-embassies-and-high-commissions/ |accessdate=2021-02-01 |archive-date=2018-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904225855/http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured1/27297/govt-appoints-new-envoys-to-embassies-and-high-commissions/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Uburayi == *  [[Ububiligi]] ** Buruseli (Ambasade) *  [[Ubufaransa]] ** [[Paris]] (Ambasade) *  [[Ubudage]] ** [[Berlin]] (Ambasade) *  [[Ubuholandi]] ** La Haye (Ambasade) * [[Uburusiya]] ** Moscou (Ambasade) *  [[Suwede]] ** Stockholm (Ambasade) *   [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] ** Geneve (Ambasade) * [[Ubwongereza]] ** London ( Komisiyo Nkuru ) == Amashyirahamwe menshi == [[File:Permanent_Mission_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda_to_the_United_Nations,_New_York_City.jpg|thumb| Inshingano zihoraho za Repubulika yu Rwanda mu Muryango w’abibumbye mu mujyi wa New York]] * Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ** [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] (Inshingano zihoraho mu muryango w’ubumwe bwa Afurika ) * [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi]] ** Buruseli (Inshingano mu [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] ) *  [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] ** Geneve (Inshingano zihoraho mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Muryango w’abibumbye]] n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga) ** Umujyi wa New York (Inshingano zihoraho mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Muryango w'Abibumbye]] ) == Reba kandi == * Umubano w’ububanyi n’u Rwanda * Politiki ya Viza yo mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.minaffet.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga y'u Rwanda] * [https://www.webcitation.org/67iVuUPcW?url=http://rwanda-embassy.or.kr/eng/embassy/ambassador.php/ Ambasade ya Repubulika y'u Rwanda Seoul] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801075511/http://www.rwandaembassy.org.sg/info.php?id=14&t=2&status=buyok2%2F Ambasade y'u Rwanda Singapore] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201503231197.html Guverinoma yafunguye ambasade muri Isiraheli, mu Misiri] [[Category:Ambasade]] 5cvovhjt65tnw0l52pmovptkyqdgnzv 0 8708 79106 76786 2021-08-31T07:54:00Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dian Fossey's grave (cropped).jpg|thumb|319x319px|Imva ya Dian Fossey]] Dian Fossey (Diyane Fose) yavutse ku ya 16 Mutarama 1932 - apfa ku ya 26 Ukuboza 1985. Yari [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Umunyamerika]] w’inzobere mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kwita ku nyamaswa z'[[inguge]].<ref><nowiki>https://gorillafund.org/who-we-are/</nowiki></ref> Yamenyekanye cyane ku bw'ubushakashatsi bwimbitse yakoze ku matsinda y’[[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi]] zo mu misozi mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 1966 kugeza yishwe mu 1985. Yigaga imibereho y'ingagi buri munsi mu mashyamba yo mu [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|birunga]] abanje kubishishikarizwa cyane yabanje gushishikarizwa kuhakorera n’umuhanga Louis Leakey. "Gorillas in the Mist" (Ingagi mu bihu), igitabo cyasohowe imyaka ibiri mbere y'urupfu rwe, ni inkuru ya Fossey ivuga ku bushakashatsi bwe bwa siyansi bwerekeye ingagi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Karisoke ndetse n'akazi yakoze mbere yaho. Iyo nkuru yaje guhindurwamo firime yo mu 1988 yahawe izina rimwe.<ref><nowiki>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/intelligent-travel/2015/12/30/dian-fosseys-living-legacy-the-mountain-gorillas-of-rwanda/?cmpid=int_org=ngp::int_mc=website::int_src=ngp::int_cmp=amp::int_add=amp_readtherest</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|amerika]] Fossey yari umwe mu bahanga mu bumenyi bw'inguge nini babayeho ku isi hose. Yari umwe mu bagize "Trimates", itsinda ryari rigizwe n’abahanga b’abagore bakomeye boherejwe na Leakey kugira ngo bige inguge nini (zirimo ingagi, inkende n'ibitera) bazisanze aho ziba. Yamaze imyaka 20 mu Rwanda, aho yashyigikiye byimazeyo ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, arwanya cyane ubukerarugendo n'ubuhigi bwari bwibasiye izi nyamaswa ku buryo bukomeye. Ibi byatumye amenyekana cyane kandi abantu benshi na bo bamenya agaciro k'ingagi. Fossey n'ingagi babanaga baje kuzira urugomo rw'abahigi. Nyuma y’iyicwa ry'ingagi, habayeho amakimbirane hagati ye n'abari bazishe. Mu gihe gito yahise yicirwa mu kazu yabagamo aho mu i birunga. kigeza ubu ntihavugwa rumwe ku waba yaramwishe. Ibikorwa bya Fossey by'ubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byafashije cyane cyane kugabanya umuvuduko ingagi zicwagaho ku rugero zari ziri hafi kuzimira. Ibyo yakoze byakomereje mu muryango yasize ashinze wo kubungabunga ingagi witwa Diana Fossey Gorilla Fund mu 1967. Uyu muryango ni na wo ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cyizwi nka Karisoke Research Center. Umunyamakuru w'umunyamerika wamamaye cyane nka Ellen DeGeneres akaba aheruka gutanga inkunga kuri uyu muryango yo kubaka ikindi kigo na cyo kizunganira ibi bisanzwe hafi na pariki y' ibirunga.<ref>https://gorillafund.org/who-we-are/faq-on-ellen-degeneres-campus/</ref> Icyo kigo kizaba cyitwa Ellen DeGeneres Campus, giteganijwe kuzura muri 2021.<ref><nowiki>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/ellen-degeneres-campus-dian-fossey-gorilla-fund</nowiki> </ref> hqg49xmys1pck891h4qxs3y6iile45c 0 8709 77275 77066 2021-08-09T19:56:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Defense Force logo.png|thumb|Rwanda Defense Force logo]] Jenerali Majoro '''Albert Murasira''' (wavutse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1962), ni umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|w’Umunyarwanda]] akaba n’umusirikare mukuru wabaye Minisitiri w’ingabo muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. Mbere yibyo, kuva muri [[Gashyantare]] 2012 kugeza [[Ukwakira]] 2018, yabaye Umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki y'inguzanyo no kwizigama ya Zigama ; banki y’amakoperative yemewe, akorera abagize ingabo z’ingabo z’u <a href="./Rwanda" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="undefined" data-cx="{&amp;quot;userAdded&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true}">Rwanda</a> . == Ubuzima bwe bwambere n'amashuli yize == Ku ya 11 [[Ugushyingo]] 1962, Albert Murasira yavutse ku babyeyi b'Abanyarwanda mu Ntara ya Maniema, muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Yize amashuri abanza nayisumbuye mu Ntara ya Maniema. Yarangirije amashuri yisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1983 mu [[Ecole des Sciences Byimana|ishuri ry'ubumenyi rya Byimana]] mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|karere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo . Muri uwo mwaka, yinjiye muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (NUR), ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu mibare, mu 1986. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri yahawe impamyabumenyi ya Masters mu mibare, na NUR. Naho impamyabumenyi ya Matsers mu micungire yimishinga yayikuye muri kaminuza ya Liverpool mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza.]] Afite Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buyobozi bwa Leta, yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuyobozi muri <a href="./Gana" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="undefined" data-cx="{&amp;quot;userAdded&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true}">Gana</a> mu 2004. Afite kandi Impamyabumenyi mu bijyanye n’ingabo n’ubushakashatsi, yabonye mu 2011, yakuye muri kaminuza nkuru y’ingabo ya PLA i Beijing, mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]]. [[Dosiye:Justified_Accord_2018_(41085398550).jpg|thumb|Albert Murasira yakoze Umwuga w'igisirikari igihe kinini mu Rwanda]] == Umwuga == Murasira ni umusirikare mukuru wabigize umwuga, akaba n'umwe mu bagize ingabo z’u [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Yinjiye mu gisirikare cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu 1988, aba umusirikare mu 1989. Yagiye mu masomo ya gisirikare, kuva ku Isomo rya Ofisiye Cadet kugeza ku ngamba zo Kwirwanaho. Yakoze kandi mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi no kuyobora mu gisirikare cy'u Rwanda. Yabaye umwarimu w' imibare mu ishami ry’ubumenyi ngiro, muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda (ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] ), kuva 1995 kugeza 1998. Yaje kuba umuyobozi ushinzwe igenamigambi muri Minisiteri y’ingabo, kuva 1999 kugeza 2004. Umwaka umwe, warangiye mu [[Ukuboza]] 2005, yabaye Umukozi mu butumwa bw’Afurika Yunze ubumwe muri Sudani (AMIS), ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho mu ishami ry’itumanaho. Yaje kumara umwaka umwe wakurikiyeho, akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cya gisirikare cy'u Rwanda, i Gako, mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]], mu Ntara y'iburasirazuba, mu Rwanda . Mu myaka itanu yarangiye muri [[Gashyantare]] 2012, yabaye Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo zishinzwe imiyoborere n’imicungire y’abakozi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda. Kuva muri [[Gashyantare]] 2012 kugeza [[Ukwakira]] 2018, yabaye Umuyobozi mukuru wa banki y'inguzanyo no kwizigama ya Zigama . Ku wa kane tariki ya 18 [[Ukwakira]] 2018, Jenerali Majoro Albert Murasira yagizwe Minisitiri w’ingabo wa 10 kuva u Rwanda rwigenga mu 1962, asimbuye Jenerali [[James Kabarebe]] wagizwe umujyanama wihariye ku bibazo by’umutekano kwa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]] . == Reba kandi == * Ingabo z' u Rwanda * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] * [[James Kabarebe]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210118160247/https://mod.gov.rw/home/#.W8p7hWhKjIU/ Urubuga rwa Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Rwanda] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[James Kabarebe]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Defence (Rwanda)]]|years=18 October 2018–present}} {{s-aft|after=[[Incumbent]]}} {{s-end}} [[Category:Abaminisitiri b'ingabo]] [[Category:Univerisite ya liverpool]] [[Category:Univerisite y'u Rwanda]] [[Category:Abajenerali b'abanyarwanda]] mu08rl09d1zhu4i88v6o44kylw09hgm 0 8710 77467 76875 2021-08-11T02:07:15Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Classroom_edited.png|thumb|Ikigo kishuri giherereye mu karere ka Nyaruguru kizwi ku Izina rya Nyamyumba]] NYAMYUMBA SECONDERY SCHOOL IN NYARUGURU n5lvrmy89xlt3s251luhh15c2hsrnmn 0 8712 77572 77571 2021-08-13T17:54:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tito Rutaremara''' (wavutse mu 1944) ni [[umunyarwanda]] w'[[umunyapolitiki]]. == Amateka == === Amashuri yize === '''Tito Rutaremara''' yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]], yiga ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Rutaremara afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu ubumenyi bw'isi, ndetse ni mpamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gutegura imijyi n'ibyaro yakuye mu gihugu cy'[[Ubufaransa]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=138 |accessdate=2021-02-03 |archive-date=2020-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126214929/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=138 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35731</ref>. === Imirimo yakoze === [[Dosiye:The_two_solders_monument_of_Kagugu.jpg|thumb|Ingabo z'umuryango wa RPF inkotanyi zagize uruhari mu ibohorwa ry'igihugu nddetse uyu muryango ukaba warayobowe na Tito Rutaremara kuva 1987 kugera 1993|224x224px]] '''Tito Rutaremara''' yabaye umunyabanga wa Rwandase Patriotic Front (RPF) kuva mu mwaka wa 1987 kugera 1993. Kuva kandi mu 1994 kugera 2000 yari mubari bagize inteko y'inzibacyuho. Rutarema kandi yanayoboye komisiyo yari ishinzwe itegeko nshinga n'andi mategeko kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 kugera mu 2003. Kuva mu 2003 kugera mu 2011, Rutaremara yabaye umuvunyi mukuru<ref name=":0" />. Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Rebulika y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyize '''Tito Rutaremara''' mu ntekishingamategeko umutwe wa sena mu Ukwakira 2011<ref>https://www.acauthorities.org/news/drtito-rutaremara-appointed-senator</ref>. Kuva mu mwaka 2019 Rutaremara ni umuyobozi w'inama ngishwanama y'inararibonye aho yasimbuye [[Iyamuremye Augustin]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-names-new-cabinet-ministers</ref>. == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Umunyapolitiki]] o5kzxx7h0h464rjewmbel3hnvlh96y8 0 8713 77005 76202 2021-08-05T05:46:17Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda_headquarters.jpg|thumb|Ikicaro gikuru cya Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda aho Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje yakoreye ubushakashatsi ndetse nyuma akaza nokuyobora iyi Kaminuza.]] '''Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje''' (wavutse mu 1960) ni [[umunyarwanda]] ubu akaba ari umuyobozi wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]. == Amateka ye == === Amashuri yize === [[Dosiye:Beaulieu_3_Université_de_Rennes.JPG|thumb|176x176px|Iniverisiti ya Rennes mu Bufaranza izwi cyane ku amasomo agendanye na siyansi aho Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje yasoreje urugendo rw'amashuri ye]] '''Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje''' yavutse mu 1960. Lyambabaje yize ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-kaminuza-y-u-rwanda</ref>, afite kandi impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mibare yakuye muri [[Université de Rennes]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/194228</ref><ref name=":2">https://taarifa.rw/who-is-prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-new-v-chancellor-university-of-rwanda/</ref>. === Imirimo yakoze === '''Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje''' yabaye umunyabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y'uburezi mu mwaka 1999. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe, mu 2000 yagizwe Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi, ubukerarugendo n’inganda hamwe no guteza imbere ishoramari n’amakoperative, umwanya yamazeho imyaka itatu kugera mu 2003<ref name=":0" />. Kuva mu 2014 kugera mu 2015 yabaye Umushakashatsi mukuru muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] mu [[Ishuri ry'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima]]. Lyambabaje yabaye kandi umwarimu w'ibarurishamibare mu [[Ishuri rikuru ry'ubumenyingiro rya Ruhengeri]] (INES)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. Kuwa 2 Gashyantare 2021, Inama y'abaminisitiri yateraniye muri [[Village Urugwiro]] yagize '''Prof. Alexandre Lyambabaje''' umuyobozi mukuru wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. Umwanya asimbuyeho [[Dr Musafiri Papias Malimba]] wayiyoboraga by'agateganyo, nyuma yuko [[Phillip Cotton]] wari umuyobozi wayo ashoje amasezerano ye. == Ibindi wareba == # [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] # [[Phillip Cotton]] # [[Dr. Musafiri Papias Malimba]] == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Uburezi]] pfvrs7szd7singk6944xztyb82muv90 0 8714 78108 77238 2021-08-21T01:36:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_schoolchildren.jpg|thumb|254x254px| Abanyeshuri bo mu mashuli abanza mu Rwanda]] [[File:2018-03-23_OLPC_training_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|248x248px| 2018-03-23 Amahugurwa ya OLPC mu Rwanda]] == Amateka yuburezi [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] == === Mbere ya 1900 === '''Uburezi mu Rwanda''' ntabwo bwari busanzwe kandi bwatangwaga ahanini binyuze [[Miryango|mumuryango]] . Amasomo yatangwaga kandi binyuze mu matorero. aho bigaga ibya gisirikare, ibijyanye n'intambara, gucura ibyuma, ibisigo, kuboha ibitebo, n'ibindi Ubumenyi bwabo mubuzima. === 1960 kugeza 1994 === Nyuma y'ubwigenge, hibanzwe ku kuvugurura gahunda y'uburezi no guteza imbere integanyanyigisho z'igihugu. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukugera ku bana benshi bo mu Rwanda cyane cyane kunoza uburyo bwo kwiga mu cyaro. Gahunda yigihugu no guhinduranya igitondo n'ikigorobabyatangijwe mu 1966. Kuva mu 1977 ,amashuri abanza yari imyaka 8 mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], mugihe amashuli yisumbuye yigishijwaga mugifaransa. === Kuva 1994 kugeza 2012 === Imyaka ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi yibanze ku gushora imari kwabantu no kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri. 1996 hashyizweho amashuri abanza yimyaka 6, ikiciro rusange cyayisumbuye cyimyaka 3, nayisumbuye yimyaka 3, aho [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] yari ururimi rwo kwigisha kugeza kumyaka 6 y'ibanze, mugihe ayisumbuye , yahindutse igifaransa nicyongereza . Mu mwaka wa 2006, Gahunda ya 4 y’Ingamba z’Uburezi (ESSP 2006–2010) yashyizeho amashuri atishyurwa -9 Yibanze - harimo abanza na tatu yisumbuye. Mugihe igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha cyazamutse, ibiciro bijyanye nishuri byakomeje kuba inzitizi kuri benshi. Mu mwaka wa 2008, mu rwego rwo gushimangira kwinjira ku Rwanda m'umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (EAC), icyongereza cyemejwe nkururimi rw’igihugu rwigisha, imyaka 3 gusa yambere y’amashuli abanza niyo yigishwa muri Kinyarwanda. Hashyizweho abayobozi benshi bashya: * Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] cyashinzwe mu 2008 kugira ngo gikemure muri politiki nziza, gukenera amahugurwa ya tekiniki n’imyuga kwabakozi. * Ikigo [http://www.reb.rw/ gishinzwe uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)], cyashinzwe mu 2011, cyabaye ikigo gishyira mu bikorwa uburezi rusange: gutanga politiki y’uburezi ibitekerezo ku bumenyi, guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’uburezi, kugenzura iterambere ry’imyigishirize, ibipimo by’uburezi, ibizamini by’igihugu ku bumenyi, n'ibindi. * Muri Gashyantare 2018 Rwanda Polytechnic ( http://www.rp.gov.rw/ )yashyizweho ibumbira hamwe Ishuri rikuru ry'imyuga (IPRC), yabaye ikigo cy'ibikorwa n'amahame ya tekiniki, n'imyuga y'igihugu, etc === Kuva 2012 kugeza 2016 === Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, muri gahunda nshya y’ingamba z’uburezi (ESSP 2013-2015), intego yavuye mu kongera umubare w'abinjira n'abiyandikisha mu myaka 9 y'ibanze igera ku kuzamura ireme n’akamaro k’ishuri ndetse no kongera amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri yisumbuye hatangijwe imyaka 12 y’ibanze. Politiki yuburezi (12YBE), ituma amafaranga yishuri atishyurwa kugeza mumashuri yisumbuye. == Minisiteri y'Uburezi == '''Minisitiri w’uburezi''' Dr. Valentine Uwamariya yasimbuye Dr Eugene Mutimura mu 2020 aba minisitiri w’uburezi [[Dosiye:Dr._Valentine_Uwamariya.jpg|thumb|Minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda Dr. Valentine Uwamariya ]] '''ubutumwa bw'intego''' "Kurwanya ubujiji no kutamenya gusoma." "Gutanga abakozi bafite akamaro mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'umuryango by'u Rwanda binyuze mu burezi n'amahugurwa" == Amafaranga yuburezi == Uburezi bufite 15% byingengo yigihugu muriyo 9.5% ahabwa HE Mu 2003 amafaranga leta yakoresheje mu burezi yari Miliyari 48 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (nukuvuga miliyoni 48.6 z'amapound cyangwa miliyoni 86 z'Amanyamerika). Hagati ya 1996 na 2001 amafaranga rusange yakoreshejwe ava kuri 3.2% agera kuri 5.5%. Icyakora ibyinshi muribi byakoreshejwe mumashuri yisumbuye. == Ibipimo byuburezi == [[File:Schule_Mpushi-Ruanda.jpg|thumb| Icyumba cy'ishuri i Mpushi]] Inzego zikurikira zigenzura ibipimo byuburezi - Urwego rw'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho * Gushiraho ibipimo by'icyumba cy'ishuli /ubwubatsi bwishuri. - Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe ibizamini * Gushyiraho ibipimo byamanota niterambere murwego rukurikira rwuburezi. Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi * Gushyiraho no gukurikirana ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu. - Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Uburezi * Kugenzura no gutanga inama kubijyanye no kubahiriza amahame. == Ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho(ICT) mu burezi == [[File:OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG|thumb| Ishuri rya [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|OLPC]], mumashuri abanza]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho ingamba z'igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho (ICT). Ibi bihuzwa n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’u Rwanda (RITA) [https://web.archive.org/web/20090106072350/http://www.rita.gov.rw/about.htm] cyari kigamije kuba urwego rw’igihugu mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo by’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho mu nzego za Leta n’abikorera. Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) [http://mineduc.gov.rw/] igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu mashuri kandi ikaba iyobora umushinga [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|umwe wa mudasobwa igendanwa ku mwana]] [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Rwanda] mu gihugu. Nubwo muri iki gihe hari ubumenyi buke bwa ICT n’inkunga ya tekiniki, uburezi bwa ICT bwigishwa mu mashuri makuru kugeza mu mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye. Kwigisha ICT byatangiye gutanga umusaruro , aho abanyeshuri benshi ubu babona ibiraka bagahabwa umushahara mwiza (ukurikije ibipimo byaho). U Rwanda kandi rushobora gukurura ubucuruzi binyuze mu ndimi ebyiri Igifaransa n'Icyongereza zikoreshwa n'abaturage benshi. Rwanda Education Commons (REC) ni gahunda yimyaka ine iterwa inkunga na USAID mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu burezi. Kuva REC yafungura ibiro byayo muri MINEDUC muri Mutarama 2009, yakoze mu rwego rwo kwagura ubumenyi bw'abarimu, guhuza abarezi hagati yabo, ndetse no gushishikariza no guha ubushobozi abarimu. REC yesheje umuhigo wo kugera ku ntego zayo no kumenyekana nk'umufatanyabikorwa ufatika kandi mwiza mu gufasha u Rwanda kugera kuri ICT mu ntego z'uburezi. REC yateguye urubuga rwuburezi kuri interineti www.educationcommons.rw Uyu muryango wa interineti urimo isomero riteye imbere ryujuje ubuziranenge ninteganyanyigisho, inama zungurana ibitekerezo, ibikoresho byimbuga rusange, hamwe namakuru. Abarimu barenga 1.630 biyandikishije kuri uru rubuga kandi bahora barukoresha. Bamwe mu banyeshuri bagiye biga muri kaminuza nyafurika yemerera abanyeshuri kwiga kumurongo mugihe bigishwa nabarimu baturutse mubindi bihugu. Mu Kwakira 2006, Komisiyo ya e-Africa ya [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] yatangije umushinga wo kurushaho guteza imbere ICT mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda. Umushinga uzahuza amashuri muri Afrika, harimo abanza n'ayisumbuye, kandi ugamije kwaguka; amaherezo izashyiramo amashuri yisumbuye yose yu Rwanda. Ibigo bibiri nibyo bifite uruhare runini mu burezi bwa ICT - KIST (Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali) [https://web.archive.org/web/20070408185706/http://www.kist.ac.rw/] na KIE (Ikigo cy’uburezi cya Kigali) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100310142117/http://www.kie.ac.rw/] . Kuva mu 2005, KIE yagize uruhare muri ICT muri gahunda y’uburezi mu rwego rw’umushinga munini wa EdQual [http://www.edqual.org], uterwa inkunga n’ishami ry’Ubwongereza rishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga DfID kandi urimo ibihugu bine by’abafatanyabikorwa ba Afurika. Gahunda ya EdQual mu Rwanda [http://www.edqual.org/research/ict.html] yagiye ikorana n’abarimu bo mu mashuri 12 abanza nayisumbuye mu Rwanda. Binyuze muri gahunda y'amahugurwa n'ibikorwa mumashuri, abarimu bagiye batezimbere ubumenyi bwabo bwa ICT no gukoresha ICT kugirango bashyigikire kwigisha no kwiga siyanse n'imibare. Ubundi bushakashatsi buciriritse bwa EdQual bwagereranije umushinga wa [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] mu mashuri yo mu Rwanda na Kenya. == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika mu gihugu, cyerekanye ko abafite imyaka 15 kuzamura bashobora gusoma no kwandika, cyari 71% mu 2009, 38% mu 1978 na 58% mu 1991. == Imbogamizi z'uburezi mu Rwanda == Urwego rw'uburezi umuntu aba afite akenshi rubonwa nk'uburyo bwo gukusanya imari ifasha mu iterambere ry'ibihugu. Mu [[Rwanda]], mu myaka yashize guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kugira ngo habeho umubare munini w'abaturage bazi gusoma no kwandika. Mu 2004–2008, 77% by'abagabo n'abagore bari bazi gusoma no kwandika, ibyo bikaba ari ijanisha ryinshi, nyamara, abakomeza amashuri yisumbuye bahagaze kuri 31%. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, '''Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC)''' [http://mineduc.gov.rw/] igaragara nkitarashobora kwesa umuhigo wo kugirango abana bato bose bajye ku ishuli. Urwego rw'uburezi, mu [[Rwanda]], rukomeje kuba ruto nubwo hashyizwe mu bikorwa politiki y'uburezi buteganijwe ku mashuri abanza (imyaka 6) ndetse n'ayisumbuye (imyaka 3 ) iyobowe n'amashuri ya Leta. Abana ntibasabwa kuriha amafaranga yishuri kuri ayo mashuri. Biteganijwe ko umunyarwanda arangiza impuzandengo yimyaka 10,6 yuburezi. Ariko, impuzandengo yimyaka u Rwanda ikoresha mumashuri ni imyaka 3.3, ibyo bikaba biri munsi yibyateganijwe. Bikaba biri no munsi yimyaka isanzwe yishuri mubihugu byateye imbere na Afrika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara, kuko ho biga imyaka 10.0 nimyaka 4.5. Hashingiwe kuri raporo '''y’iterambere ry’abantu''' 2010 '''(HDI)''', [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ruri ku mwanya wa 152 mu bihugu 169 byose biri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ry’abantu. Umubare w’abanyarwanda binjira mu mashuri wiyongereye hagati ya 2001 na 2008, ariko ibikoresho n’umutungo ntibyiyongereye ku kigero kimwe. Kwiyandikisha mu mashuri abanza byikubye hafi kabiri mu myaka icumi ishize, ku mpuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka ya 5.4 ku ijana hagati ya 1998 na 2009, igera ku banyeshuri bagera kuri miliyoni 2.2 muri 2008. Icyakora, ubwiyongere bw'abanyeshuri bwatinze mu 2007/08 hiyongereyeho abanyeshuri 40.000 gusa, ugereranije no kwiyongera kw'abanyeshuri 160.000 muri 2005/06. Igitangaje ni uko nta kwiyongera gukomeye kugaragara nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’uburezi bwibanze ku buntu mu 2003/04, bivuze ko ibintu bitari amafaranga y’ishuri bigira uruhare mu cyemezo cyo kohereza umwana ku ishuri. Mu mwaka wa 2008, abanyeshuri bagera ku 71 bo mu mashuli abanza bigiraga mu cyumba kimwe, mu mashuri yisumbuye abanyeshuri bagera kuri 5 ugereranyije basangiye igitabo 1. Mu mashuli abanza umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri bagera kuri 62 ugereranyije. Amashuri yo mucyaro cya kure cyane nayo abona ko bigoye gukurura abarimu. Inzitizi zindi n’uko ibikoresho by’inyongera byo gusoma bitari bihagije, cyane cyane ku byiciro by’amashuri abanza. * (i) gukwirakwiza ibitabo biterwa cyane no kuboneka kwinkunga, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa guverinoma bwo gukora igenamigambi rihagije, kandi ntibishobora gusubiza neza amasoko n'ibisabwa. * (ii) gusuzuma amasoko yo gutangaza ibitabo akenshi bifata igihe kirekire * (iii) abarimu bumva ko badafite uruhare ruhagije mugikorwa cyo gutoranya ibitabo * (iv) ibitabo bishobora kwangirika kubera gukwirakwiza nabi no gucunga aho bibikwa Izi ngingo zitera kunyuranya ibitabo kwabanyeshuri hagati y’ishuri no mu turere. Ibi bigenda byerekana ko hakiri imbogamizi mubijyanye no kubona n'ibitabo byujuje ubuziranenge mu Rwanda biteganijwe ko bizakemurwa muri gahunda zimirije. Abagera kuri 40% by'abarimu mu [[Rwanda]] bafite uburambe bwimyaka 5 yo kwigisha. Umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri abanza wiyongereye kugera kuri 99% muri 2008, nyamara, umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere ni 36% na 33% gusa mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye. Ibi bivuze ko u Rwanda rudafite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse, cyane cyane iyo urebye umubare munini wabarimu badafite ubushobozi bwo kwigisha abanyeshuri bo mumashuri yisumbuye. Abigisha benshi bumvaga ko bahembwa nabi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, 10% gusa by’abarimu babajijwe bose nibo bize kugira ngo babone impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo kwigisha mu Rwanda. Benshi mubarimu bigisha mumashuri yisumbuye bariga bashaka impamyabumenyi ihanitse itari iyo kwigisha. Ibi birerekana ko ubushake bwo gukomeza amashuri ari buke kandi hari n'indi mirimo ifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranije no kwigisha mu Rwanda. Muri rusange, kutagira ireme muri gahunda yuburezi, nkibipimo byabarimu, kubura ibikoresho nubutunzi bituma amashuri adashimishije. == Amashuri abanza == Ururimi rukoreshwa mu kwigisha mu myaka itatu yambere yuburezi bwibanze ni [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa kane kugeza mu wa gatandatu, ni Icyongereza. Amasomo y’igifaransa yasubukuwe buri cyumweru mu mashuri abanza, guhera mu 2016. <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/7725/politique/au-rwanda-le-francais-longtemps-mis-de-cote-fait-un-discret-retour/</ref> Imibare kuva 2003: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2002-3 ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 2.172 | 2.370 | 2,543 | 2.752 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 1.636.563 | 2.150.430 | 2,341.146 | 2,450.705 |- | # y'abarimu | 26.024 | 31.037 | 40.299 | 42,005 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 85.2% | 98.1% | 98,6% | 93.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 62.9 | 69.3 | 58.1 | 58.3 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 100.0% | 151.9% | 127.3% | 135.3% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 82.7% | 95.8% | 95.9% | 96.9% |} Nubwo hari byinshi byagezweho mu Rwanda rugerageza kugera ku burezi bw'ibanze ku isi yose, kuri ubu rufite kimwe mu bipimo byisubiramo cyane mu karere ka Sahara. Amashuri abanza arangiye, abanyeshuri bafata icyemezo cyibanze cyuko barangije amashuli abanza (PLE). == Amashuri yisumbuye == Ururimi bigamo ni Icyongereza. Imibare, kuva 2007: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 643 | 1.362 | 1.543 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 266.518 | 486.437 | 543.936 |- | # y'abarimu | 12,103 | 20.522 | 27,644 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 53.4% | 64.4% | 67.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 22.0 | 23.7 | 19.7 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 20.5% | 35.5% | 38.0% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 13.1% | 25.7% | 28.3% |} Amashuri yisumbuye agabanijwe mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icyiciro cya kabiri, byombi bimara imyaka 3. Amashuri Yisumbuye, kimwe n'abanza yibanda ku kunguka ubumenyi nubuhanga. Hamwe na 6 abanza ukongeraho 3 yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere nibyo bikora -9YBE - 9 yibanze. Iyo myaka 3 irangiye, abanyeshuri bakora Urwego-O,ibizamini byigihugu bibafasha gukomeza Amashuri Yisumbuye. Benshi kandi bakomeza muri sisitemu ya TVET - sisitemeTekiniki, imyuga n'amahugurwa. Guhera mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'ayisumbuye, abanyeshuri batangira amasomo yihariye: * Amashuri Yisumbuye (GSS): aho abanyeshuri bazobereye muri siyanse, ubumuntu, cyangwa indimi bakazakora ibizamini byo kurwego A rwigihugu. * Amashuri yisumbuye ya Tekinike (TSS): amahugurwa ya tekinike aganisha ku cyemezo cya A2. Muri EDPRS II guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga byagaragaye ko ari ngombwa mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda. Hifashishijwe ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] mu mwaka wa 2008 iyi nzira yisumbuye ya tekiniki iri mu nzira yo kwinjizwa mu bigo by’ubukungu by’akarere ka IPRC, hamwe n’ibigo byigisha imyuga (VTC's) hamwe n’Amashuri makuru. y'Ikoranabuhanga (CoT's). * Amashuri makuru yo guhugura abarimu (TTC) : Abanyeshuri bari muriyamashuli bahugurirwa kuba abarimu bo mumashuri abanza (nubwo bamwe bakomeza amasomo mumashuri makuru). Kuri 16 TTC, gutegura integanyanyigisho, gusuzuma no gutanga ibyemezo ninshingano za [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] yuburezi ya kaminuza yu Rwanda (UR-CE). Umubare wabanyeshuri nuburinganire muri 2015: {| class="wikitable" ! ! # y'abanyeshuri ! % Umugore |- | Amashuri yisumbuye | 336.442 | 53.5% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Rusange (GSS) | 131.267 | 55.0% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Tekiniki (TSS) | 67,456 | 44.7% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Umwarimu (TTC) | 8,771 | 55.8% |} == Amashuri makuru == Kugeza mu 2015, mu Rwanda hari ibigo 44 by'amashuri makuru, 12 muri byo ni ibya Leta naho 32 byigenga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |accessdate=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305194604/http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kaminuza ya mbere mu Rwanda, [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (NUR ubu iri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] ), yafunguwe na guverinoma mu 1963, ifite abanyeshuri 49. Umwaka w'amashuri wa 1999–2000, ibi byariyongereye bigera ku 4,550. Mu 1997-1998 u Rwanda rwari rufite abanyeshuri 5.571 biyandikishije mu mashuri makuru. Uyu munsi abanyeshuli babarirwa muri 26.796, 39% muri bo ni igitsina gore. Muri sisitemu yo mumashuri makuru harakorwa PhD zigera ku 100, igice kinini cyazo zikorerwa muri NUR. Mu bice by'ubushakashatsi harimo ubuhinzi, ubworozi, n'amahugurwa y'abashinzwe imirima. Hashyizweho gahunda ya 'Universités du soir' (kaminuza zo mu ishuri rya nijoro) kugira ngo yongere kaminuza. Ariko, habaye impaka zijyanye nubwiza bwamasomo yatanzwe. Ishami rishinzwe amashuri makuru mu Rwanda riracyafite byinshi mu guteza imbere imyigishirize. Muri 2000–1, umwaka wanyuma abanyeshuri barangije bafite amanota ari hagati ya 11 na 50%. Mu myaka yose, iki gipimo cyo gutsinda ni 53-76%. Amashuri makuru mu Rwanda ni: [http://www.ur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza y'u Rwanda], nayo igizwe na kaminuza 6: * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (ahahoze hitwa Kigali Institute of Science and Technology) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi (ryahoze ryitwa Kigali Institute of Education) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima (ryahoze ryitwa Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kigali) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu (ahahoze hitwa Ishuri ry'Imari na Banki) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo (ahahoze hitwa ISAE Busogo) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (yahoze yitwa kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda) * Ishuri Rikuru ry'Abarimu mu Rwanda (RTC) Kaminuza Nyafurika y'Ubuyobozi Tumba College of Technology (TCT) Umutara Polytechnic (UP) Ikigo cya Polytechnic Regional Centre Centre Kicukiro Campus (IPRC) Ikigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (ILPD) Amashuri Makuru Yigenga Ikigo Gatolika cya Kabgayi (ICK) Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) Ikigo cy'Ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga n'Uburezi ya Kibungo (INATEK) Institut Laique adventiste de Kigali (INILAK) Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati n'Uburasirazuba (AUCA) Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri (INES) Kaminuza Gatolika y'u Rwanda (CUR) Kaminuza ya KIM (yahoze ari ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere ya Kigali): www.kimuniversity.ac.rw Byumba Polytechnic (IPB) [http://www.kp.ac.rw/ - Kibogora Polytechnic (KP)] [http://www.piass.ac.rw/ - Ikigo cy'Abaporotesitanti cy'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (PIASS)] [http://www.utb.ac.rw/ - Kaminuza y'Ubukerarugendo, Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubucuruzi (UTB)] Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya Kigali (MKU Kigali) Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Kigali, ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (ISAE) [http://www.akilahinstitute.org - Ikigo cya Akilah gishinzwe abagore] == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rw'amashuri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230141518/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Rwanda.htm Umuyoboro Mpuzamahanga w'Amashuri Makuru Muri Afurika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230152340/http://www.nur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya NUR] * [http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y'Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111204014549/http://www.educationcommons.rw/ U Rwanda Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120302/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/ Rwanda Gateway] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011229/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_10796.html Amakuru Yaturutse muri Afurika] * [http://www.akilahinstitute.org Akilah Institute for Women] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 22ntx96tb9j3icoobzx3nof0swgj8ob 0 8715 79457 79019 2021-09-28T02:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda Traditional meal.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo gakondo byo mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda]] U Rwanda ni igihugu gikungahaye ku muco ndetse no kuri gakondo kandi gifite ibikiranga byinshi harimo n'ibiryo bishingiye ku muco. == Amateka == Abanyarwanda bo hambere bakundaga kurya indryo gakondo bakomora kuri ba sekuruza babo cyangwa abakurambere babo. Ubwoko bw'ibiryo bitandukanye bwararibwaga mu [[Rwanda]] kandi bigatekwa mu buryo bushingiye ku muco harimo Imyumbati bakunze kwita Gumino<ref>http://igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/amafunguro/item/227-imyumbati-gumino-ibiryo-bya-kinyarwanda</ref>, Ibijumba,Isogi,Ibikoro, umutsima n'ibindi byinshi bidakunze kuboneka kugeza magingo aya. Sibyo gusa kandi ahubwo abanyarwanda bo hambere bakundaga no guhiga cyane inyamswa mu ishyamba, ibyo nabyo bakabirya nk'ihaho ryazaniwe umuryango. Ibiryo bya [[Kinyarwanda]] kandi usibye umwihariko wabyo mu kuryoha ahubwo bitera imbaraga bigatuma abantu bakomera cyane ndetse bakabaho igihe kirekire, ndetse ntibarwaragurike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kimenyi.com/umuco-karande.php |accessdate=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2020-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702194137/http://www.kimenyi.com/umuco-karande.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Amoko y'ibiryo nyarwanda == Mu [[Rwanda]] tugira amoko menshi y'ibiryo nyarwanda bimwe wabisanga mu maresitora(Restaurant) menshi yo mumugi wa kigali, ayakunzwe cyane n'abanyarwanda bo hambere ni aya: === a. Amateke === [[Dosiye:Gaava.jpg|thumb|isombe]] [[Dosiye:Dasheens, photo from The Encyclopedia of Food by Artemas Ward.jpg|thumb|amateke]] '''Dr IRATUZI Philemon''' yavuzeko Amateke ari kimwe mu bihingwa byera cyane mu [[Rwanda]], iki gihingwa gifite inkomoko muri [[Aziya]], gikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye cyane harimo vitamini ya A,B,C na E. Igihingwa cy' amateke cyameneyekanye cyane mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere ndetse nubu nk'igihingwa gitera imbaraga iyo umuntu akiriye, kigafasha mwigogora ry'ibiryo, azamura ubudahangwa bw'umubiri, afasha gukora neza kw'amaso ndetse nibindi byinshi.<ref>http://horahoclinic.rw/health-packages/nutrition-care/article/abenshi-ntibanayazi-ariko-agirira-umubiri-akamaro-gakomeye-amateke</ref> Amateke yifashishwaga cyane kandi nk'imboga mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere. === b. Isombe === '''IRATUZI Philemon''' yakomeje kuvugako Isombe ari ibiryo bya [[Kinyarwanda]] kandi biribwa n'abanyarwanda gusa biva ku bibabi by'imyumbati bikiri bitoto nyuma bigasekurwa bigatekwa igihe kirekire kugirango bishye neza. Isombe ikungahaye cyane ku ntungamubiri zitandukanye harimo no gutanga amashereka ku babyeyi bonsa. Isombe isaba kubanza kuyisekura ikanoga, ikindi kandi igomba gushyirwamo ibirungo byinshi kugirango iryohe harimo sereri, igitunguru, ifu y'ubunyobwa cyangwa ifu y'ibihwagari. Mu [[Rwanda]] rwohambere benshi basekuraga isombe bakayigereka ku bishyimbo, abaririye bahamya ko ryabaga ari ifunguro ntagereranywa.<ref>https://agakiza.org/Menya-Uburyo-butandukanye-bwo-guteka-isombe.html</ref> === c. Ibikoro === [[Dosiye:Dioscorea polystachya (batatas).jpg|thumb|ibikoro]] Ibikoro ni kimwe mu biribwa byakunzwe kuribwa hambere mu [[Rwanda]] ariko bitazwi nabanyarwanda benshi bo muri iki kinyejana. Ibikora ni igihingwa gikurira mu butaka nk'ibijumba n'imyumbati. Ibikoro bigira intungamuburi nyinshi harimo vitamini c yongera ingufu n'ubudahangarwa mu mubiri, ibikoro bigira imyunyu ngungu zifasha gukora proteyine zo mu maraso zikora udusemburo twamaraso,ndetse bikagira n'ibinyasukari byinshi bitera imbaraga bigakomeza umubiri<ref>https://umutihealth.com/ibikoro/</ref> === d. Ibijumba === [[Dosiye:Sweet potatoes 2.jpg|thumb|ibijumba]] Ibijumba ni igihingwa gikomoka muri [[Amerika y’Epfo]] cyazanywe mu [[Rwanda]] nabakoroni. Ni igihingwa kizwi cyane nabanyarwanda kandi gikunzwe cyane gikungahaye kubyo bita antidioxant birinda abantu gusaza. Ibijumba bigira amoko menshi harimo iby'umuhondo, umutuku,move, umweru ndetse nigitaka nibyo biboneka mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibijumba ni igihingwa kigira intungamubiri cyane ku barwayi ba diabete kuko bigira isukari igenda ikaringaniza iri mu maraso. Sibyo gusa kandi ibijumba byongerera umubiri ubudahangarwa butuma umubiri utarwaragurika kuko bifite vitamin D<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nusoma-iyi-nkuru-ntuzongera-gusuzugura-ibijumba</ref>. Ibijumba byareze abana benshi b'abanyarwanda nk'igihingwa cyakunze kuribwa cyane wakigereranya n'umugati wo muri iyi minsi. === e.Amasaka === [[Dosiye:Igikoma cy' amasaka.jpg|thumb|igikoma cy' amasaka]] Amasaka ni Igihingwa cyakunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse kikaba kinera cyane, amasaka afite intungamubiri nyinshi kandi akaba ari igihingwa kiribwa hafi ya buri munsi na buri munyarwanda wese. Mu masaka havamo ifu y'igikoma gikunda guhabwa abana ngo bakure neza ndetse n'ababyeyi bakibyara, mu masaka havamo kandi umusururu cyangwa ikigage gikunzwe kunywebwa cyane mu [[Rwanda]] kandi gikunzwe na benshi, akarusho rero mu masaka havamo umutsima wa kinyarwanda ukunzwe gutegurwa cyane ku munsi w'umuganura bigaragazako amasaka afite uruhare runini mu mirire gakondo.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/amasaka/</ref> Amasaka rero agira akamaro kanini mu mubiri w'umuntu kuburyo ari byiza kuyashyira mu mafunguro ya buri munsi, harimo nko kuba amasaka akomeza amagufa akayarinda kumugwa no kurwara kanseri zamagufa n'ibindi. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe bwemeza ko mu masaka harimo ibinyampeke birinda kubura amaraso no kurwanya ibinure bibi mu mubiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/menya-ibyiza-by-amasaka-ikinyampeke-kirusha-ibindi-guhingwa-muri-afurika</ref> === f. Inkarishya === Inkarishya zikunze kwitwa intagarasoryo ni utubuto duto cyane tuba mu mabara menshi umutuku, icyatsi ndetse n'umuhondo. Inkarishya zijya kumera k'intoryi usibye ko zo aba ari nto cyane, zikaba zizwiho gusharira cyane. Zakundaga kuribwa n'abakecuru bo hambere bakaziteka zivanze n'ibishyimbo abenshi babaga bazikurikiyeho ubusharire bwazo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83656/inkarishya-umuti-ukomeye-ku-buzima-bwawe-83656.html</ref> Inkarishya zikaba zifite akamaro gakomeye mu mubiri w'umuntu ndetse no mu [[Umuco nyarwanda]]. Inkarishya zifashishwa cyane mu kuvura igifu ku bantu bafite udusebe mu gifu, inkarishya kandi zivura kuribwa mu nda nyuma yo kurya bikunzwe kwitirwa inzoka zo mu nda ndetse zikavura impiswi n'impatwe. Inkarishya zizwi cyane mu guhangana nadiyabeti, rubagimpande, kurinda no kuvura inkorora ndetse no kurinda kanseri z'ubwoko butandukanye,kurinda indwara z'ubuhumekero, ndetse no kurwanya uburibwe no kubyimbirwa.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/inkarishya/</ref> === g.Ibihaza === Ibihazani ibiribwa byuzuye intungamubiri, biboneka henshi mu [[Rwanda]], yaba mu mirima ndetse no mubisambu bitandukanye, Ibihaza kandi ntago biboneka mu [[Rwanda]] gusa bikunze kwitwa pampkin mu rurimi rw'[[Icyongereza]]. Ibihaza bigira intungamubiri nyinshi ku buzima bw'umuntu, ku mpyiko, ku ruhu ndetse no ku maso y'umuntu akarusho rero bikaba byiza ku bagore babyaye kuko bibongerera amashereka sibyo gusa ahubwo ibihaza byogera n'ubudahangarwa mu mubiri.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/ibihaza/</ref> [[Dosiye:Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|365x365px]] Sibi gusa ahubwo hari n'andi moko menshi cyane y'ibiribwa gakondo bikomoka mu [[Rwanda]] == Amoko y'ibinyobwa nyarwanda == Mu Rwanda tugira amoko menshi y'ibinyobwa bimwe bifite gakondo mu muco wacu ndetse n'ibindi byavuye mu bindi bihugu === a.Urwagwa === Urwagwa ni ikinyobwa gikomoka mu [[Rwanda]], kikaba kiva ku gihingwa k'igitoki, iki gihingwa kikaba cyaramamaye mu bihugu by'abaturanyi cyane. Urwagwa rukundwa cyane n'abasheshe akanguhe. iki kinyobwa bakaba bakenga cyangwa bagikora mu bitoki bagakuramo umutobe w'ibitoki ukundwa cyane n'abana, iyo uyu mutobe usembuwe uhinduka Urwagwa.<ref>http://rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/Kwenga_inzoga_z_ibitoki_n_izifatiye_ku_bimera.pdf</ref> Ibitoki kandi bivamo divayi ndetse n'imitobe y'ubundi bwoko butandukanye. === b. Ikigage === [[Dosiye:Rwanda_ikigage.jpg|thumb|Ikigage]] Ikigage ni ikinyobwa gikorerwa mu [[Rwanda]], gikorwa mu masaka, iki kinyobwa gikunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] benshi bakunze kikita amarwa, kikaba gihuza abantu bagasusuruka ndetse bakunga ubumwe. Ikindi kandi iki kinyobwa cyungura cyane abantu bagicuruza mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu kikaba kizwiho kuryoha cyane.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012816685700015X</ref> == Reba Kandi == [[Umuco nyarwanda]] [[Umuganura]] [[Imboga za leti]] == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Ibiribwa]] [[Category:Ibinyobwa]] lyvmrqjoba6pfz0uhm9p7xoutitntpl 0 8716 83124 78102 2022-05-07T21:47:14Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Uburezi mu Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uburezi mu Rwanda]] ln3n9oyjod4zxa4wfzggftzz7rhv1qy 0 8717 82520 82519 2022-04-14T19:07:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda]]''' ni isoko nini ryinjiza amadovize mu Rwanda kandi biteganijwe ko yiyongera ku gipimo cya 25% buri mwaka. Uru rwego nirwo rutanga umusanzu munini mubikorwa byigihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Amafaranga yinjiye muri 2014 yonyine yari miliyoni 305 USD. Uru rwego kandi rwashishikarije abashoramari Mpuzamahanga gushora imari ubwo nibwo havutse amahoteli mpuzamahanga nka Marriot Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts, Radisson Blu, Park Inn na Radisson, Hoteli Sheraton na Resorts, Protea Hotels na Marriott, GoldenTulip Hotels, na Zinc. Hamwe n’ikigo cyarwo u Rwanda rwahindutse ihuriro ry’akarere ndetse n’amahanga bitewe no kurushaho kunoza imitegurire y’inama mpuzamahanga, umuyoboro uhebuje kandi waguka, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kwimuka mu buryo butaziguye nk’ubushobozi bwo gusaba viza kuri interineti, viza-kuri- politiki y'amarembo kubanyafurika bose, na politiki imwe ya viza y'ubukerarugendo kuri [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] . <ref>https://rdb.rw/investment-opportunities/invest-in-tourism/</ref> '''Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda''' buriyongera cyane. <ref>http://www.rwandatourism.com/test/contentdetail.php?tbl=press&serial=5</ref> Kugira ngo u [[Rwanda]] rushyirwe ku ikarita y'isi nk'ahantu nyaburanga h’ubukerarugendo, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB) cyasinyanye amasezerano y'ubufatanye bw'imyaka itatu n'ikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] i Londere, ikipe ya Arsenal, ndetse n'ubufatanye bw'imyaka ibiri n'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'igihangange Paris Saint-Saint Germain FC kugirango ifashe kubaka ubukerarugendo mu gihugu. Ibi byazamuye umubare rusange w'ubukerarugendo 8% nk'uko u Rwanda rubitangaza. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201805230270.html</ref> == Ubukerarugendo bwo mu gasozi == [[Dosiye:A_tourism_car_-_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|thumb| Kuzenguruka muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike ya Akagera]]]] U Rwanda ruherereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rufite ubwiza nyaburanga. U Rwanda rutuwe n’inyamaswa nini zitandukanye zirimo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi]] zo mu misozi ndetse na parike nini ku isi ya hippos hamwe n’abantu 20.000. Nubwo u Rwanda rukiri igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, rufite amahoteri atari make kandi inyungu mpuzamahanga nshya mu bukerarugendo zifasha kuzamuka mu bukungu. Imifuka ya plastiki irabujijwe mu Rwanda, kandi ba mukerarugendo basabwa kutayizana mu gihugu. == Ibikurura ba Mukerarugendo == === Parike y'Ibirunga === [[Dosiye:Mother_and_baby_mountain_gorillas._Volcanoes_National_Park,_Rwanda_(8159411404).jpg|thumb| Mama n'ingagi ingagi muri parike y'ibirunga]] [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’ibirunga]], igice cy'ibihugu bitatu bihuriye ku gace ka Virunga , muri Virunga harimo ihuriro ry’ingagi zose zo mu Rwanda kandi ziganjemo ubwoko bw'ingagi nyinshi zo mu misozi. Kuba iri hafi y'amasaha abiri uvuye kukibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali bituma parike y'igihugu y'ingagi igera cyane kwisi kuko bamukerarugendo biborohera kuhagera. Kugabana umupaka na Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bituma iyi pariki y'igihugu mu Rwanda ibamo umubare munini w'ingagi zo mu misozi zibangamiwe cyane. Abahanga bavuga ko muri parike hari ingagi zigera kuri 600, iyi ikaba ari iyiyongera rikomeye ku ngagi zigera kuri 240-250 mu 1981. <ref name=":0">https://www.planetware.com/rwanda/top-tourist-attractions-things-to-do-in-rwanda-rw-1-3.htm</ref> Usibye ingagi, Pariki y’ibirunga ni inzu y’inguge, inyoni zitandukanye, ibikururuka hasi, amphibian, n'ibindi biremwa byose hamwe bikora pariki yuzuye y'u Rwanda. Parike y'Ibirunga yitiriwe uruherekane rw'ibirunga bisinziriye bigizwe na Virunga; [[Ikirunga cya Bisoke|Bisoke]] n'ikiyaga cyacyo cyiza cyane, [[Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo|Sabyinyo]], [[Ikirunga cya Gahinga|Gahinga]], [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|Muhabura]], na [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Karisimbi]] . <ref name=":1" /> Gutembera muri Parike y'Ibirunga ubusanzwe bimara hagati y'amasaha ane n'umunani, inyinshi muri zo zikoreshwa mu gutembera mu mashyamba y'imigano, urwuri, n'ibishanga. Abayobora muri parike y'igihugu amaherezo bakugeza kuri imwe '''mumiryango yingagi ituwe.''' Ubusanzwe abashyitsi bamara isaha imwe bareba ibiremwa uko birya, bakita ku bana babyo, kandi bagasabana. === Pariki ya Nyungwe === Imwe mu mashyamba ya kera muri Afurika, Nyungwe, ni nziza cyane kandi ikungahaye ku binyabuzima bifite amoko 1068 y’ibimera, harimo amoko 140 ya orchide, ndetse n’ubwoko 322 bw’inyoni zirimo amababi atukura, hamwe n’amoko 75 y’inyamabere nka serval. injangwe, mongoose, [[Igihura|congo clawless otter]], n'ingwe n'izindi. Ba mukerarugendo benshi baza muri iri shyamba gukurikirana chimpanzees, hamwe nandi moko 12 y’ibinyabuzima, harimo [[Icyondi|n’inguge]] zavuye kuri Albertine Rift. Iyi pariki kandi ibamo urugendo rwomukirere, aho ugenda nko mu minota 90 uvuye mu kigo cya Uwinka. Abashyitsi bambuka ikiraro cya metero 91 z'uburebure kiri muri metero zirenga 50 hejuru y'ishyamba, bakabona urujijo rw'imisozi kure. === Ishyamba rya Gishwati === [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Ishyamba rya Gishwati]] ni igice cya pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura. Gishwati Concession iyobowe na Wilderness Safaris kubufatanye na Forest of Hope Association and Rwanda Development Board. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/gishwati-forest-national-park/</ref> Amacumbi yonyine aba muri parike ni Byiringiro Guest House ifite ibyumba hamwe n'inkambi. === Pariki y'igihugu ya Akagera === Ni urugendo ruri hafi y'amasaha abiri n'igice uvuye Kigali ugera kuri Parike ya Akagera. Iyobowe n’umuryango ny'afurika wita kuri parike, Parike ya Akagera iherereye mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda ifite kilometero kare 2500 (kimwe mu bishanga binini birinzwe muri Afurika yo hagati) igizwe n’ubutaka bwa Savannah. Iyi parike yitiriwe umugezi wa Kagera unyura ku rubibi rw'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] . Uruzi rugaburira mu kiyaga cya Ihema no mu bindi biyaga bito muri parike no hafi yayo. Iyi pariki irinda ahantu nyaburanga muri savanna ya acacia nk'igihuru gifite ibyatsi byimeza hamwe nibiyaga icumi byo mu bishanga. Niho habamo [[inzovu]], giraffe, imparage, ingwe, impyisi, [[intare]], hamwe na antelopes nyinshi z'ibihuru, topis, oribis, amazi-buck, antelope, duiker, klipspringer, impala, na antelope na cape eland. Abashyitsi bashobora kureba imvubu ningona za Nil zirwanira ku zuba hafi y'ikiyaga cy' Ihema. Ibinyabuzima bisanzwe muri parike y'igihugu y'Akagera ni olive babons , inguge za vervet, inkende [[Inkima|z'ubururu]], hamwe nabana bato bazo. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi kubona ibidukikije kuva mubibaya bya savanna, mu bishanga, no mu biyaga. <ref>https://www.kabiraugandasafaris.com/akagera-national-park-rwanda.html</ref> === Ikiyaga cya Kivu === Ubuso bw'amazi kuri kilometero kare 2.700 , ikiyaga cya Kivu nicyo kiyaga kinini cy'u Rwanda kandi kikaba icya gatandatu muri Afurika. <ref name=":2">https://www.visitrwanda.com/destinations/lake-kivu/</ref> Imisozi ihanamye, itera amaterasi igana ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cyiza ndetse no mu mijyi ya [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], Kibuye, na Cyangugu . Iyi mijyi mito ikora kubirunga hamwe na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] . <ref>https://www.sunsafaris.com/safari/rwanda/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite amazi meza . Ikiyaga cya Kivu kizwi kandi nka kimwe mu biyaga bifite umutekano muri Afurika kandi nta nyamaswa zangiza nk'imvubu cyangwa ingona. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite kandi ibirwa amagana. Ikirwa kizwi cyane mu kiyaga cya Kivu ni ikirwa cya Napoleon hanze ya [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] ni ahantu ho kubungabunga ibidukikije kandi hakaba ari hamwe hari ibiti byera imbuto. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/lake-kivu/</ref> === Inzira ya Nili === Inzira ya Kongo Nil ni inzira yo gutembera no gutwara ku nkombe z'imisozi <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/biking-the-congo-nile-trail-complete-guide/</ref> Nili igabanya Rusizi na Rubavu. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/hiking-the-congo-nile-trail-the-complete-guide/</ref> Buri cyiciro gifata umunsi umwe kugirango kirangire kandi hariho ibiryo nicumbi kumpera ya buri cyiciro. <ref>https://kivubelt.travel/congo-nile-trail/</ref> Inzira ya Congo Nile inyura ahantu heza h'ikiyaga cya Kivu no ku misozi y'icyatsi kibisi. Inzira inyura mu mijyi 5, [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]], [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] na [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] . Inzira ya Congo Nile nayo inyura kuri 2 muri parike 5 z'u [[Rwanda]]; [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] na Parike ya [[Pariki ya Gishwati|Gishwati-Mukura]] === Inzu Ndangamurage y'umwami === Inzu ndangamurage ya King's Palace Museum, ikaba ari imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zo mu Rwanda, hari [[INYAMBO|inka z'inyambo]] zimenyerewe ku mahembe manini atangaje zifitiye. Umunsi wose abaririmbyi gakondo baririmbira inka muburyo bworoshye bakavuga imivugo, umuhango wihariye w'u [[Rwanda]].Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kopi y'ingoro y'umwami kuva mu kinyejana cya 15 ifite igisenge kibiti, akazu k'umwami, n'akazu keza k'amata gakondo gakorwamo n'umugore utarashatse.Ba mukerarugendo bashobora kandi gushakisha inzu y'ubukoroni yahoze ibamo umwami King Mutara wa III Rudahigwa hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere gihuza imiterere y'u Rwanda n'ibikoresho byo mu Burayi (bimwe muri byo byari iby'umwami).[[Dosiye:Biking_the_Congo_Nile_Trail.jpg|left|thumb| Amagare ku kayira ka Nili hafi ya Kinunu]] === Inzu Ndangamurage === Kimwe mu byegeranyo byiza by'Afurika byakusanyirijwe mu moko atandukanye ndetse no mu bihe bya kera mushobora kubisanga mu nzu ndangamurage y’u Rwanda, iherereye mu birometero 130 mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] . [[Ububiligi]] bwahaye inzu ndangamurage uyu mujyi mu 1989 mu rwego rwo kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 25 u Rwanda rwigenga .Ingoro ndangamurage isubiza abashyitsi mugihe cyo hambere cy'abakoloni. Ububiko bugizwe nicyegeranyo cy'ibiseke, imyenda gakondo ikozwe mu mpu z'inyamaswa, amacumu y'ibyatsi n'imiheto, ingoma z'umuziki kuva mu binyejana byashize, n'ibikoresho byo guhinga bishaje.Abashyitsi bashobora gukandagira mu nzu y'umwami kandi bakamenya uko y'ubatswe. Inzu ndangamurage kandi yakira imyiyerekano y'ubukorikori . === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside === [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] i [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] niho hashyinguwe imiri 250.000. Uru rwibutso rugamije kwigisha uburyo itsembabwoko ryakorewe [[abatutsi]] ryakozwe. hari urukuta rw'amazina rweguriwe abahashyinguwe, nubwo benshi mu bahitanywe na jenoside batazwi kandi amazina akaba ataraboneka, bityo biracyari umurimo urimo gukorwa. Ubusitani bw'urwibutso butanga umwanya wo gutekereza ku mateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Mu gihe urwibutso runini ruri i Kigali, itsembabwoko ryakoze ku mpande zose z'u [[Rwanda]], kandi hari inzibutso nyinshi ziri mu gihugu hose. <ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/kigali-genocide-memorial/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] ef96zfwsggtx0kt5c1za5hkdxna2ltq 0 8718 79060 77567 2021-08-30T21:33:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lord_Judge_(51111275854).jpg|thumb|Inteko y'abacamanza|213x213px]] '''Cyanzayire Aloysie''' ( wavutse mu 1964) ni [[Umunyarwandakazi]] w'[[umunyamategeko]] wabaye perezida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka ye == === Ubuzima bwe bwite === '''Cyanzayire Aloysie''' yavutse kuwa 11 Gashyantare 1964 avukira mu karere ka Ruhango, mu ntara ya amajyepfo. Cyanzayire ni imfura mu muryango we akaba avukana na abahungu barindwi. Cyanzayire arubatse afite abana batatu.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/63097</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Aloysie-Cyanzayire</ref> === Amashuri yize === '''Cyanzayire Aloysie''' yize ikiciro rusange cya amashuri yisumbuye i [[Save]] hanyuma akomereza mu ishuri rya abakobwa ku [[Nyundo]]. Cyanzayire kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko yakuze muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1989. Cyanzayire yaje kwiga muri [[National School of Magistrates]] i [[Paris]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] kuva mu 1991 kugera mu 1993.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda - LOGO B RV.png|center|thumb|320x320px|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] === Imirimo yakoze === [[Dosiye:Old_Rockhampton_Magistrates_Court.jpg|thumb|Aloysia Cyanzayire yabaye Umucamanza w'Urukiko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo mu Rwanda|219x219px]] Mu 1990, Cyanzayire yabaye Umucamanza w'Urukiko rwa Mbere rw'Iremezo mbere yo gusubira kwiga. Kuva mu 1995 kugera mu 2000 yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri Minisiteri y'ubutabera mu Rwanda ariyo Umuyobozi w'Ubushinjacyaha n'imibanire n'inzego z'Ubucamanza, Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutegura amategeko, aza no kuba umunyamabanga wiyo Minisiteri. Cyanzayire kandi yaje kuba Visi peresida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga n'umuyobozi w'inkiko Gacaca kuva mu 2000 kugera 2003. Kuva mu 2003 kugera 2011, '''Cyanzayire''' yabaye umucamanza mukuru mu rukiko rw'ikirenga.<ref name=":1" /> Cyanzayire Aloysie yabaye umuvunyi mukuru kuva mu 2014 kugera mu 2017.<ref>https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/tumenye/abandi-bayoboye-urwego-rwumuvunyi</ref> Ubu akaba ari umucamanza mu rukiko rw'ikirenga.<ref>https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/index.php?id=242</ref> == Ibindi wareba == # [[Rugege Sam]] # [[Tito Rutaremara]] # [[Murekezi Anastase]] # [https://www.judiciary.gov.rw/index.php?id=41&L=2 Urukiko rw'ikirenga] # [https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/ Urwego rw’Umuvunyi] == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubutabera]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Category:Ubucamanza]] [[Category:Abanyamategeko]] [[Category:Akarere ka Ruhango]] 8je7i96x6h6x2ao564hvcept742j459 0 8719 82362 79220 2022-03-29T20:27:52Z 196.250.79.116 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Collège Saint André''' ni ikigo cy'amashuri yisumbuye cya [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]]. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Nyamirambo.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Nyamirambo werekeza Saint Andre]] '''Collège Saint André''' ni ikigo cy'amashuri yisumbuye cya Arkidiyosezi ya Kigali, cyatangiye mu mwaka 1957. Collège Saint André iherereye i [[Nyamirambo]] mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]] mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]<ref name=":0">http://imvahonshya.co.rw/college-saint-andre-nyamirambo-yatahuye-ibanga-ryo-gutsindisha-abanyeshuri-gushyira-imbere-imyitwarire-myiza/</ref>. Iri shuri ryatangiriye i Rwamagana ku gitekerezo cya Musenyeri A. Charrue na Chanoine Jacques hamwe n'abapadiri b'abamisiyoneri Cuvelier, Reginald Griend na Jacque Noel bi i [[Namur]] mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], ishingwa ry'iri shuri ryayobowe na Musenyeri Andrew Perraudin. Collège Saint André yatangiye yigisha ubuvanganzo harimo ikiratini n'ikigereki, nyuma ryaje kuba ishuri rya mbere ritangije kwigisha siyance mu Rwanda ryatangiye ryigisha ibinyabuzima n'ubutabire, imibare, ubugenge n'ubumenyi mbonezamubano. Mu 1958, Collège Saint André yaje kwimurirwa muri St Famille i Kigali. Mu 1962, ryimuriwe i Nyamirambo aho riri ubu, imirimo yo kuryubaka yasojwe mu 1964<ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/39300</ref>. Collège Saint André ni ishuri ryigamo abahungu n'abakobwa bacumbikirwa na abiga bataha<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />. == Abayoboye Collège Saint André == # Rev Fr Abbé André Kibanguka<ref name=":1" /> # Padiri Nshubijeho Faustin<ref name=":0" /> == Abahize bazwi == # [[Tito Rutaremara]]<ref name=":1" /> # [[Major General Rwarakabije]]<ref name=":1" /> == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Amashuri yisumbuye]] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] g5f7e3k3t1ugzdnnjvctr8q5l9y64u1 14 8720 74625 2021-02-06T16:47:34Z VMugenzi 9176 created a category wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu bize amategeko Abantu bize amategeko bakaba bakora mu rwego rw'ubucamanza, ubushinjacyaha, n'abahesha b'inkiko. osidtv20lbp3ckrw65m1r1b6ra2bmfa 14 8721 74626 2021-02-06T16:49:57Z VMugenzi 9176 created a category wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu biga 36qds17wyu009mkjuaklmkp9qquhlsv 14 8722 74627 2021-02-06T16:53:34Z VMugenzi 9176 created a category wikitext text/x-wiki Guverinoma y'u Rwanda igizwe n'abaminisitiri, abanyamabanga ba Leta n'abanyamabanga bahoraho. ng4cy7qoacnbk8vhqoifnrjwfpt8vx9 0 8723 82348 77605 2022-03-27T18:21:22Z Wik250 10660 /* Imihango y'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of Rwanda.svg|thumb|U Rwanda rwo hambere]] Ubukwe ni itangiriro ryo kubaho k'umuryango, n'igihe abafashe Umwanzuro wo kubana bifatanya binyuze mu mucyo bakemera gushyigikirwa n'ababyeyi maze nabo bakajya kubaka umuryango wabo witezweho kwagura igihugu binyuze mu kubyara no kurera abana bazaba U [[Rwanda]] rwejo.<ref>http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/</ref> Ubukwe ni umuhango ubumbatiye [[Umuco nyarwanda]]. Uyu muhango w'ubukwe ukorwa hagati y'imiryango ibiri ihana abageni. Ni ukuvuga umuryango w'umusore n'umukobwa. == Imihango y'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda == Ubukwe bwa [[Kinyarwanda]] bwagiraga imihango myinshi itandukanye imwe iracyakorwa na magingo aya indi ntago igikorwa.. Imwe mu mihango yakorwaga hambere ni: === a. Kurambagiza no gufata irembo === Kurambagiza ni ukureba uburanga bw'umukobwa n'ubwiza bwe, kugenzura imico n'imyifatire ye, uko yitwara mu mibereho ye (umurimo), isuku ndetse n'umuryango akomokamo kugirango umuntu amenye niba yarahawe uburere bwiza. Mu [[Rwanda]] kurambagiza byakorwaga n'ababyeyi ariko bifashishije umuranga, habaga n'igihe umusore ari we wirambagiriza cyane cyane iyo yabaga ashaka kurambagiza umukobwa baturanye. Umuranga niwe wagombaga guhuza iyo miryango yombi kuko ariwe wasabiraga umuhungu. Gufata irembo ni igikorwa gikurikira kurambagiza, uyu muhango ubera iwabo w'umukobwa. umuryango w'umuhungu utegura inzoga maze ukazijyana iwabo w'umukobwa ubwo umuranga akababwira uburyo umuryango we washimye umukobwa wo muri urwo rugo ukaba wifuza ko yaba gahuza miryango<ref>Ubukwe bw'iwacu by Munezero Gasimba F. saveri</ref> === b.Gusaba no gukwa === M' [[Umuco nyarwanda]] umuryango w'umuhungu niwe ujya gusaba umugeni kuko mu [[Rwanda]] umuryango,ubwoko n'igisekuru bishingira ku mugabo. kera umuhango wo gusaba babanzaga kuwitegura bihagije ndetse bakabanza no kuwuraguriza, inzuzi zakwera bakabona kohereza intumwa ku muryango bazajya gusabamo umugeni. Umukuru w'umuryango akenshi niwe wabaga umukwe mukuru yaba atabishoboye bagatoranya undi ubikwiriye. Gukwa mu [[Rwanda]] nugutanga ikintu kemewe nk'inkwano kugirango ubone umugeni kikaba ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka , ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n'umuryango. Inkwano rero yari ishimwe ry'umubyeyi w'umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.<ref>Bigirumwami aloys, imihango, Imigenzo n'imiziririzo, Nyundo 1964 p127</ref> ==== i. Kuvugira Inka ==== [[File:Kuvugira inka no kubyina gakondo mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Kuvugira inka]] Kuvugira inka ni umuhango ukorwa n'umutahira mu bukwe bwa [[Kinyarwanda]]. Mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere abakwe bazaga gusaba umugeni bagatanga inka nk'inkwano izo nka bazanye rero umutahira yavugaga amazina yazo akazirata kugirango abasangwa bazishimire, no kuruhande rw'abasangwa naho nuko byagendaga umutahira wabo yavugaga amazina y'izo bari basanganywe. Uyu muhango wakorwaga n'abisi, Umwisi iyo yitaga ishyo yagarukaga amaze kwita izibyaye uburiza Nyuma akazagaruka, akitirira ishyo inka yigaragaje nk'igihangange nuko umwisi akagororerwa.<ref>http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/</ref> ==== ii. Umusore uraye ari bushyingirwe ==== Bamutegaga amasunzu, bakamwogosha ubwanwa, bakamuca inzara mbese agakorerwa isuku yose yo ku mubiri. Bamwambikaga uruhu rushya cyangwa indengera z'abagabo. Bamwambikaga ibitare n'inigi nshya hanyuma abagabo bamutanze kurongora bakamwigisha uko azifata mu bukwe, uko azabana n'umugore uko azarongora harimo gucira imbazi,kwambika umwishywa, gukirana n'ibindi.<ref>Byanafashe D. et Rutayisire , Histoire du Rwanda, UNR, Huye 2011</ref> ==== iii. Umukobwa uraye ari bushyingirwe ==== Bamutegaga amasunzu bakamukenura hose. Nyirasenge w'umukobwa cyangwa undi mugore wizewe wo mu muryango nka nyirakuru cyangwa nyina wabo yazaga kumuhana. Umukobwa n'umubyeyi ugiye kumuhana bajyaga ahantu hiherereye maze akamubwira uko azajya atsinda abakuru, sebukwe na nyirabukwe, uko azajya yubaha umugabo we akamurinda inzara n'inyota, akamurinda gukonoza akayoga kasigaye mu gicuma cy'umugabo. Akamubwira ukuntu azajya y'ubaha abagabo babo, akabaha agaciro nkakumugabo we kuko ari baramu be ariko bikagarukira aho.Yamuganirizaga ukuntu azajya yirinda gutesha agaciro umugabo we, yirindakumena amabanga y'urugo. Yamwigishaga kandi uko azitwara n'ahura n'umugabo we, uko azakirana akirinda kumuvuna cyangwa kumukibita ku kintu cyamukomeretsa, yamuhanaga kutagira inda nini ku biryo, ko yagombaga kurya bike ahubwo akinywera amata<ref>Bashayija stanislas, Le marriage coutumier au Rwanda, Bruxelle,Larcier 1996 p. 48</ref> === c. Gushyingira === Gushyingira ku Banyarwanda ni umuhango wo guhuza umusore n'umukobwa bakarema umuryango mushya.Ni igikorwa n'imiryango ibiri yombi ihuza abana bayo ikabaremera umuryango wayo.<ref>Kananura J.C.1980 P.53</ref> ==== i. Guhagurutsa umugeni ==== M' [[Umuco nyarwanda]] umugeni ntiyapfaga gusohoka barabanzaga bakamugoragoza, akinangira, akarira, agafata inkingi ngo batamusohora munzu kugeza ubwo bamuhaye impano runaka (ubutare,umuringa,itungo runaka n'ibindi) akabona gusohoka. Iyo yabaga agisohoka mu nzu agiye gushyingirwa, yageraga ku marembo bakamusaba kuvuna agati k'inkingi y'amarembo i buryo ni bumoso agira ati: "'''Nsenye urw'iwacu ngiye kubaka urw'ahandi'''" Utwo duti yaduherezaga ababyeyi be.Ibyo byamusuriraga kuzubaka urugo rugakomera. Nyuma y'ibyo baramuherekezaga bamugeza hafi yaho agiye gushyingirwa bakamushyira mu kirago.<ref>Nzamwita Uwanziga Joy, Manners in Rwanda, basic knowledge on Rwandan culture, customs and kinyarwanda language 2015</ref> ==== ii. Kwakira umugeni no kurongora ==== [[File:Kunya maziwa.jpg|thumb|Kunywa amata ku bageni ]] Umugeni wese yaherekezwaga kwa sebukwe i wabo bamutwaje ibirongoranywa, buri muryango wateganyaga ibirongoranywa bijyanye n'ubushobozi cg ubutunzi bwabo.<ref name=":0">http://umuco.bangmedia.org/2008/03/gushyingira-no-gushyingirwa.html</ref> Mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu bagiraga uburyo bunyuranye bwo kwakira umugeni hari abahitaga bamuha inka yicaye ku bibero bya sebukwe ahandi umugeni yasangaga batabye ingasire y'ikinanira mu bikingi byamarembo akayihagararaho sebukwe akamutera icyuhagiro naho nyirabukwe akamukoza umwuko mu ku ruhanga, mu gatuza no ku ntugu zombi nuko umugeni akinjira munzu. Iyo igihe cyo kurongora cyabaga kigeze sebukwe w'umukobwa, umusore, umushyingira n'abakobwa bamuherekeje bamusangaga mu mbere, mushiki w'umusore niwe wabaga amutwaje umwishywa n'imbazi bagera imbere y'umugeni umusore akayimwambika mu mutwe, hanyuma mushiki akamuhereza inkongoro y'amata akayajundika akayamucira mu maso avuga aya magambo ngo "'''Ndakurongoye ndi mwene kanaka'''"<ref name=":1">Nzajyibwami Eliphaz. Ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda n'imihango yabwo. kanama 2016</ref> === d. Gutwikurura === Gutwikurura ni umuhango ukorwa m' [[Umuco nyarwanda]] hagamijwe gusohora umugeni no kumuha uburenganzira bwo kugira imirimo akora. Mu [[Rwanda]], umugeni wese yaratinyaga akihisha ntagire umurimo numwe akora atarahabwa uburenganzira.Umuhango wo gutwikurura wabaga ugizwe n'ibice bine byingenzi: Gukura abageni mu nyegamo,Kogosha amasunzu, Guha abana amata, Kwerekana imitwa.<ref name=":0" /> === e. Gutekesha === Gutekesha cyangwa gukoza ku mashyiga wari umuhango wakorwaga n'ababyeyi b'umuhungu hagamijwe guha uburenganzira umugeni bwo kuba yakwisanzura agakora imirimo yose ikenura urugo rwe.<ref name=":1" /> === F. Guca Mwirembo no Kuramukanya === Hashize iminsi mike bashyingiwe abageni bajyaga iwabo w'umukobwa gukura ubwatsi, bajyanaga na se w'umuhungu, umuranga cg undi mukuru uri bushobore kubavugira amagambo. Iyo umuhango wo guca mu irembo utarakorwa, umukobwa ntiyabaga ashobora kujya gusura iwabo ku mugaragaro yajyagayo rwihishwa kandi agaca mu cyanzu. Gusura abageni cg kuramukanya ni umuhango wakorwaga nyuma yo guca mu irembo, Icyo gihe ababyeyi b'umukobwa bariteguraga bakajya gusura urugo rw'abana.<ref>https://www.urwego.com/2008/06/imihango-y-bwa-kinyarwanda.html</ref> == Reba == [[Umuco nyarwanda]] [[Umushanana]] [[Umwami]] [[Umuganura]] == Reba ibitabo by'ifashishijwe n'amakuru yavuye kuri murandasi == [[Category:Rwanda]] <references /> [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukwe]] 1s4nnfcqrjdwp7p9dbak1z8ngpkg08u 0 8724 82524 77096 2022-04-15T20:55:51Z Claude Nizeyimana 9185 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]], [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] ufatwa nk’umuyoboro w’ingenzi [[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] bo hambere banyuzagamo ubutumwa butandukanye. N'ikimenyimenyi, kuva umwana akiri muto yaririmbirwaga [[Dosiye:Cecile_Kayirebwa.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzi kazi wabiciye mu muziki nyarwanda mu njyana gakondo Cecile Kayirebwa]] indirimbo zimufasha kuruhuka ndetse no mu gihe cyo gukina, hari [[:en:Music|indirimbo]] z’ababaga mu [[:fr:Itorero|matorero]] cyane cyane urubyiruko n’abagabo babaga bakereye itabaro bitwaga [[:fr:Intore|intore]]. Ibi n’ibindi byinshi byerekana ko mu buzima abanyarwanda babagaho kera, [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] wari ufite uruhare rukomeye. Ubundi akenshi [[:fr:Musique_rwandaise|indirimbo]] n’[[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda|imbyino]] ni ibintu byajyanaga kuko abanyarwanda babyinaga banaririmba. [[Dosiye:Clarisse_Karasira.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzi w'umuziki gakondo Clarisse Karasira]] ==Akamaro k’umuziki mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda== Mu rwego rwo gutambutsa ubutumwa bunyuranye, [[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] babanzaga kuvuza [[ingoma]] ndetse n’iyo [[umwami]] yibamburaga, havuzwaga [[ingoma]] y’indamutsa bigakurikirwa n’injyana y’umugendo ubwo uwo [[Umwami|mwami]] w'u [[Rwanda]] yabaga arambagira mu bwami bwe ndetse no mu gihe yabaga agiye kuryama hagacurangwa [[:fr:Inanga|inanga]]. [[UMUZIKI|Umuziki]] wifashishwaga mu bihe bitandukanye byaba iby'akababaro n'iby'ibyishimo.<ref>Julius O. Adekunle, « Music and Dance » in Culture and customs of Rwanda, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., 2007, p. 133-146 (ISBN 978-0-313-33177-0) http://psulibrary.palawan.edu.ph/wtbooks/resources/pdf/906243.pdf</ref> Mu [[Rwanda]], hari [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] wari wihariwe n’ibyiciro by’imyuga y’abaturage nk’[[:en:Ikinimba|ikinimba]] cyakundaga kubyinwa n’abahinzi mu gihe aborozi bavugaga amazina y’inka<ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 224</ref> noneho abahigi bakagira amahigi. Akenshi usanga ubwo babaga bishimye, [[:en:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] barakundaga kuririmba banacuranga ari na ko bakoma amashyi banavuza impundu. ==Ibikoresho bya muzika== Kera abanyarwanda bakundaga kuririmba, kubyina no gucuranga cyane cyane bifashishije ibikoresho binyuranye nk’[[:en:Umuduri|Umuduri]], [[:fr:Inanga|Inanga]], Umwirongi, Insengo, Ihembe, Ikondera, ikembe, amayugi n’ingoma.<ref>Umwirongi (sing.) - Imyirongi (pl.), http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/umwirongi.html</ref><ref>KANIMBA MISAGO Celestin na LODE VAN PEE, Rwanda Umurage ndangamuco kuva kera kugeza magingo aya, Institute of national museums of Rwana, 2012, p. 225-235</ref><ref>Umwirongi-agahege http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/umwirongi-agahege.html</ref> ==Abahanzi n’amatorero gakondo==[[File:Intore mumahamba.jpg|thumb|Intore mumahamba]] * Rujindiri uzwi cyane nk’umuhanga mu gucuranga inanga <ref>Didier Demolin, “Rujindiri maître de l’inanga, musique de l’ancienne cour du Rwanda”, Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie, 6 | 1993, 243-244. https://journals.openedition.org/ethnomusicologie/1517?lang=en</ref> *Mushabizi Jean Marie Vianney wamenyekanye mu ndirimbo nka ‘Zaninka’ *KIRUSU Tomasi *[[Cécile Kayirebwa|Cecile Kayirebwa]] *Sentore Athanase *Muhire Theogene *Sentore Jules *[http://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Nzayisenga_Sophie Nzayisenga Sophie] *[https://afrikalyrics.com/artist/clarisse-karasira Karasira Clarisse] *[http://wikirwanda.org/index.php?title=Masamba_Intore Masamba] *Muyango *Ngarukiye Daniel *Itorero ry’Igihugu Urukerereza *Itorero Inganzo ngari *Itorero Inyamibwa *Itorero Imena Cultural Troupe *Itorero Ibihame *Itorero Indashyikirwa ==Inkomoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko== [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] <references /> ==Reba kandi== * Approche interdisciplinaire des musiques pygméesSusanne Furniss-Yacoubi https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00296651/document *Inanga, a song of survival in a daughter’s Rwanda https://www.globalmusicarchive.org/Inanga/Inanga_Program_Notes.pdf *Abahanzi ba gakondo http://www.impamba.com/tag/abahanzi-ba-gakondo/ *Abahanzi baririmba mu buryo bwa gakondo bakwiye gushimirwa “Kayiranga Merchiore” https://www.rugari.net/2020/02/09/abahanzi-baririmba-mu-buryo-bwa-gakondo-bakwiye-gushimirwa-kayiranga-merchiore/ *Ihuriro ry’abahanzi b’injyana gakondo ryamaze kubona abayobozi bashya https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/ihuriro-ry-abahanzi-b-injyana-gakondo-ryamaze-kubona-abayobozi-bashya *Umukambwe Athanase Sentore yitabye Imana, https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/sentore/amakuru-1088/umukambwe-athanase-sentore-yitabye-imana *Athanase Sentore yahambwe mu Rwanda https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/mobile/amakuru/2012/03/120326_rdasentoreburial *Jules Sentore on his musical journey and upcoming concert, ‘Inganzo Yaratabaye’ https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/sentore-concert-inganzo *CLARISSE KARASIRA (Artist Biography, Lyrics and Albums) https://afrikalyrics.com/artist/clarisse-karasira 1cdooznsg92r500vzv7h6128t3mhczl 0 8725 81100 81099 2021-12-09T13:14:45Z 2A02:2788:9F4:12C:956E:34C8:F7E6:BBC8 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Collège Christ-Roi de Nyanza''' ni ishuri ryisumbuye riherereye mu Karere ka Nyanza mu Ntara y'amajyepfo y'u Rwanda. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Pupils_of_the_Rilima_complex_school_in_Rilima,_Rwanda_(6008004273).jpg|thumb|Ishuri rya Christ Roi ry'i Nyanza mu Magepfo y'u Rwanda]] '''Collège Christ-Roi de Nyanza''' yatangiye mu 1956 kugitekerezo cy'umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] na Musenyeri [[Aloys Bigirumwami]]. Ryashinzwe na Padiri Eugène Ernote, ari nawe waribereye umuyobozi wa mbere kugeza muri 1976. Yatangiriye i Gatagara, yimukira ahari ESN ubu, nyuma rikaba ryaraje kujya mu nyubako zayo aho zimaze kuzura mu 1965,rikaba riherereye mu mugozi umanutse hepfo ya kiliyiza ya Kristu umwami. Iri shuri rizwiho kuba abanyarwandakazi bari bazi Ikiratini icyo gihe babaga barize muri '''Collège Christ-Roi.''' Kimwe mu bizwi kuri iri shuri, nuko ari ryo ryonyine ryakomeje kwigisha ikigereki (grec) kugeza muri za 80 mu gihe uru rulimi rwari rwarahagaritswe kwigishwa mu yandi mashuri. Iki kigo gituranye nibindi bigo nka: [[Ecole Secondaire du Saint Esprit]], [[Ecole des Sciences Louis de Montfort]] (ESN), [[Ecole Technique St Peter Igihozo]]. Mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka Nyanza]], [[intara y'amajyepfo]] <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75279/college-du-christ-roi-ishuri-rifite-amateka-maremare-harimo-75279.html</ref>. == Amasomo yigishwa == === Ikiciro rusange === Abanyeshuri bigishwa amasomo akurikira: * Imibare * Icyongereza * Ibinyabuzima * Ubutabire * Ubugenge * Amateka * Ubumenyi bw'isi * Mudasobwa * Ikinyarwanda * N'ayandi === Icyiciro gikuru === Collège Christ-Roi de Nyanzaifite amashami akurikira * MCB : Imibare, Ubutabire, n'ibinyabuzima * PCB : Ubugenge, Ubutabire n'ibinyabuzima<ref name=":0" /> *'LKK: Ubuvanganzo mu cyongereza,Ikinyarwanda n'igiswahili == Abayoboye Collège Christ-Roi de Nyanza == # Chanoine Eugene Ernaute (1956-1979) # Marcel Villers (1979-1982) # Padiri Habimana Ladislas (1982-1989) # Padiri Hormisdas Nsengimana (1989-1994) # [[Padiri Kayumba Emmanuel]] (1995, yahayoboye amezi macye ahita yoherezwa kuyobora [[Indatwa n'inkesha school|Groupe Scolaire Officielle de Butare]]) # Padiri Hermenegilde Twagirumukiza (1996-2001) # Padiri Celestin Rwirangira (2001-2009, uyu nawe yahavuye ajya gusimbura Kayumba Emmanuel muri [[Indatwa n'inkesha school|Groupe Scolaire Officielle de Butare]] wari umaze kwitaba Imana) # Padiri Kalinijabo Lambert (2009-2013) # Padiri Deogratias Rurindamanywa (2013-2015) # Padiri Hakizimana Charles (2015-2018)uyu nawe akaba yarahavuye agiye gusimbura Rwirangira celestin muri Groupe Scolaire Officielle de Butare #Padiri HAKIZIMANA Jacques(2018-) <ref name=":0" /> == Reba 11 == <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Nyanza]] [[Category:Abanyeshuri]] tkg1woif7jel3zoqe9ngvasbx2kkzfz 0 8726 76159 74778 2021-07-19T20:21:25Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Symposium_scene_Nicias_Painter_MAN.jpg|thumb| Ibirori bikina kottabos numukobwa ukina aulos . Ubugereki ( c. 420 BGC )<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Ibirori n'umuziki byakomeje kuba imyidagaduro ibiri y'ingenzi kuva kera.]] Imyidagaduro nuburyo bwibikorwa bikurura ibitekerezo byabashitsi cyangwa bitanga umunezero nibyishimo. Birashobora kuba igitekerezo cyangwa umurimo, ariko birashoboka cyane kuba kimwe mubikorwa cyangwa ibintu byateye imbere mumyaka ibihumbi nibihumbi hagamijwe gukomeza gutega amatwi abumva. Nubwo abantu bitabwaho nibintu bitandukanye, kuberako abantu bafite ibyifuzo bitandukanye mubyimyidagaduro, uburyo bwinshi buramenyekana kandi buramenyerewe. Kuvuga inkuru, umuziki, ikinamico, imbyino, nuburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bibaho mumico yose, byashyigikirwaga mu nkiko zumwami, bigatera imbere muburyo buhambaye kandi igihe cyagiye kiboneka kubenegihugu bose. Ibikorwa byihutishijwe mugihe cya none ninganda zidagadura zandika kandi zigurisha ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro. Imyidagaduro ihindagurika kandi irashobora guhuzwa nu rwego urwo arirwo rwose, uhereye kumuntu ku giti cye uhitamo imyidagaduro yihariye kuva murwego runini rwibicuruzwa byanditswe mbere; ku birori byahujwe na bibiri; ku bunini cyangwa ubwoko bw'ibirori, hamwe n'umuziki n'imbyino bikwiye; ku bitaramo bigenewe ibihumbi; ndetse no kubantu bose bumva isi. [[Dosiye:Twa_dancers.jpg|thumb|Twa dancers]] Ubunararibonye bwo kwidagadura bwaje guhuzwa cyane no kwinezeza, kuburyo imyumvire imwe ihuriweho nigitekerezo ishimishije no gusetsa, nubwo imyidagaduro myinshi ifite intego ikomeye. Ibi birashobora kumera muburyo butandukanye bwimihango, ibirori, ibirori byamadini, cyangwa gusebanya urugero. Kubwibyo, haribishoboka ko ikigaragara nkimyidagaduro gishobora no kuba inzira yo kugera kubushishozi cyangwa gukura mubwenge. Ikintu cyingenzi cyimyidagaduro ni abumva, bihindura imyidagaduro yihariye cyangwa imyidagaduro. Abumviriza barashobora kugira uruhara rudahwitse, nkuko bimeze kubantu bareba ikinamico, opera, televiziyo, cyangwa firime; cyangwa uruhare rwabateze amatwi rushobora kuba rukora, nko mugihe cyimikino, aho uruhare rwabitabiriye / abumva rushobora guhinduka. Imyidagaduro irashobora kuba rusange cyangwa iyigenga, irimo ibikorwa byemewe, byanditswe, nkuko bimeze mumikino cyangwa ibitaramo; cyangwa bitanditswe kandi byizana, nkuko bimeze mumikino y'abana. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura bwakomeje mu binyejana byinshi, bigenda bihinduka bitewe nimpinduka zumuco, ikoranabuhanga, nimyambarire urugero hamwe nubumaji bwa stage. Filime nudukino twa videwo, kurugero, nubwo bakoresha itangazamakuru rishya, komeza kuvuga inkuru, kwerekana ikinamico, no gucuranga. Ibirori byeguriwe umuziki, firime, cyangwa imbyino bituma abumva bishimisha muminsi itari mike. Imyidagaduro imwe n'imwe, nk'iyicwa rusange, ubu ntibyemewe mu bihugu byinshi. Ibikorwa nko kuzitira cyangwa kurasa, bimaze gukoreshwa mu guhiga cyangwa mu ntambara, byahindutse siporo yo kureba. Muri ubwo buryo, ibindi bikorwa, nko guteka, byateye imbere mubikorwa byabanyamwuga, byateguwe nkamarushanwa yisi yose hanyuma bigatangazwa kwidagadura. Niki imyidagaduro kumurwi umwe cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye irashobora gufatwa nkakazi cyangwa igikorwa cyubugome nundi. Uburyo bwo kwidagadura bumenyerewe bufite ubushobozi bwo kwambuka ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye kandi bwerekanye ubushobozi busa nkaho butagira imipaka bwo guhanga remix. Ibi byashimangiye gukomeza no kuramba kwinsanganyamatsiko nyinshi, amashusho, nuburyo. == Imitekerereze na filozofiya == Imyidagaduro irashobora gutandukanywa nibindi bikorwa nkuburezi no kwamamaza nubwo bamenye gukoresha uburyo bwo kwidagadura kugirango bagere ku ntego zabo zitandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, imyidagaduro irashobora kuba imvange kuri bombi. Akamaro n'ingaruka zo kwidagadura bizwi nintiti kandi ubuhanga bugenda bwiyongera byagize ingaruka mubikorwa mubindi bice nka museology. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu bavuga ko umurimo wo kwidagadura mu bitangazamakuru ari "kugera ku byishimo". Nta bindi bisubizo cyangwa inyungu zishobora gupimwa mubisanzwe (usibye wenda amanota yanyuma mumyidagaduro ya siporo). Ibi bitandukanye nuburezi (bwateguwe hagamijwe guteza imbere imyumvire cyangwa gufasha abantu kwiga) no kwamamaza (bigamije gushishikariza abantu kugura ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi). Ariko, itandukaniro riba urujijo mugihe uburezi bushaka kurushaho "kwishimisha" no kwidagadura cyangwa kwamamaza bishakisha "uburezi". Imvange nkiyi izwi cyane na neologism "edutainment" cyangwa "infotainment". Imitekerereze yimyidagaduro kimwe no kwiga yakoreshejwe kuriyi nzego zose. Bimwe mubyigisho-imyidagaduro nikigeragezo gikomeye cyo guhuza ibintu byiza byombi. Abantu bamwe bashimishwa nububabare bwabandi cyangwa igitekerezo cyo kutishima kwabo (schadenfreude). Imyidagaduro irashobora kurenga kunyurwa kandi igatanga ubushishozi mubayumva. Imyidagaduro irashobora gusuzuma ubuhanga ibibazo bya filozofiya ku isi hose nka: "Kuba umuntu bisobanura iki?"; "Ni ikihe kintu cyiza cyo gukora?"; cyangwa "Nabwirwa n'iki ibyo nzi?". "Ubusobanuro bw'ubuzima", nk'urugero, ni ingingo mu buryo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura, harimo filime, umuziki n'ubuvanganzo. Ibibazo nkibi bitera inkuru nyinshi namakinamico, yaba yatanzwe muburyo bwinkuru, film, ikinamico, igisigo, igitabo, imbyino, urwenya, cyangwa umukino. Ingero zidasanzwe zirimo Shakespeare ikinamico ikomeye Hamlet, intwari ye igaragaza izo mpungenge mubisigo; na firime, nka The Matrix, isobanura imiterere yubumenyi kandi yasohotse kwisi yose. Ibitabo bitanga umwanya munini wo gukora iperereza kuri izi nsanganyamatsiko mugihe zishimisha abasomyi babo. Urugero rwibikorwa bihanga bitekereza kubibazo bya filozofiya bishimishije kuburyo byatanzwe muburyo butandukanye ni igitabo cyitwa Hitchhiker to the Galaxy. Ubusanzwe urwenya kuri radio, iyi nkuru yamenyekanye cyane kuburyo yagaragaye nkigitabo, firime, serivise za tereviziyo, kwerekana ibyerekanwa, urwenya, igitabo cyamajwi, LP record, umukino wo kwinezeza numukino wo kumurongo, ibitekerezo byayo byabaye ibyamamare (reba Amagambo yo muri The Igitabo cya Hitchhiker kuri Galaxy) kandi cyahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi. Insanganyamatsiko zayo zikubiyemo ubusobanuro bwubuzima, kimwe n "" imyitwarire yimyidagaduro, ubwenge bwubuhanga, isi myinshi, Imana, nuburyo bwa filozofiya ". == Amateka == [[File:Bierstadt_Albert_The_Campfire.jpg|thumb| Albert Bierstadt's ''Campfire'' yerekana inkuru, uburyo bwo kwidagadura kwisi yose]] [[File:Bestiarii.jpg|thumb| Mosaic yerekana imyidagaduro y'Abaroma yari gutangwa mumikino ya gladiator, kuva mu kinyejana cya 1]] "Ubukorikori bwa kera bwo kumenyekanisha ibyabaye nubunararibonye, ​​ukoresheje amagambo, amashusho, amajwi n'ibimenyetso" mu kuvuga inkuru ntabwo aribwo buryo abantu banyuzemo indangagaciro z'umuco n'imigenzo n'amateka yabo kuva mu gisekuru kugera mu kindi, byabaye an igice cyingenzi cyimyidagaduro myinshi kuva kera. Inkuru ziracyavugwa muburyo bwambere, kurugero, hafi yumuriro mugihe ukambitse, cyangwa mugihe wunvise inkuru zumuco wundi nkumukerarugendo. "Urutonde rwa mbere rwo kuvuga inkuru dufite, ubu birumvikana ko twiyemeje kwandika, nta gushidikanya ko mu ntangiriro twavugaga umunwa ku gutwi n'imbaraga zabo nk'imyidagaduro ikomoka ku bintu bimwe na bimwe twishimira muri filime no mu bitabo." Kuvuga inkuru nigikorwa cyahindutse kandi gitera imbere "kugana ibintu bitandukanye". Imyidagaduro myinshi, harimo kuvuga inkuru ariko cyane cyane umuziki namakinamico, ikomeza kumenyera ariko yateye imbere muburyo butandukanye kugirango ihuze ibintu byinshi bikunda kugiti cyawe no kwerekana umuco. Ubwoko bwinshi bwahujwe cyangwa bushyigikiwe nubundi buryo. Kurugero, ikinamico, inkuru no gusangira (cyangwa kurya) bikunze kuzamurwa numuziki; siporo n'imikino byinjijwe mubindi bikorwa kugirango byongere ubujurire. Bamwe bashobora kuba barahindutse bava mubikorwa bikomeye cyangwa bikenewe (nko kwiruka no gusimbuka) mumarushanwa hanyuma bahinduka imyidagaduro. Bivugwa, nk'urugero, ko guterera inkingi "bishobora kuba byarakomotse mu Buholandi, aho abantu bakoresheje inkingi ndende kugira ngo bazenguruke hejuru y'imigezi migari aho kurambika utuzu twabo bagenda ibirometero bigana ku kiraro cyegereye. Abandi bakomeza bavuga ko gutera inkingi byakoreshejwe mu ntambara. kuzenguruka inkike z'igihome mu gihe cy'intambara. " Ibikoresho by'imikino nkiyi byarushijeho kuba byiza. Urugero, inkingi zubatswe, zabanje gukorwa mu mashyamba nka ivu, hickory cyangwa hazel; mu kinyejana cya 19 imigano yakoreshejwe kandi mu kinyejana cya 21 inkingi irashobora gukorwa muri fibre karubone. Ibindi bikorwa, nko kugenda kuri stil, biracyagaragara mubikorwa bya sirusi mu kinyejana cya 21. Imirwano ya Gladiator, izwi kandi ku izina rya "imikino ya gladiator", izwi cyane mu gihe cy'Abaroma, itanga urugero rwiza rw'igikorwa gihuza siporo, ibihano, n'imyidagaduro. Impinduka kubintu bifatwa nkimyidagaduro irashobora kubaho mugusubiza impinduka zumuco cyangwa amateka. Guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, byinjijwe mu Bwami bw'Abaroma kuva i Carthage maze biba imyidagaduro n'imyidagaduro ikunzwe cyane, bishyigikira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu nyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Imyidagaduro nayo yagiye ihinduka muburyo butandukanye no kwerekana imvugo biturutse ku mvururu zishingiye ku mibereho nk'intambara na revolisiyo. Urugero, mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’umuco w’Abashinwa, opera y’impinduramatwara yemerewe n’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti n’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ihungabana rikomeye na Revolution y'Abarusiya byose byagize ingaruka ku myidagaduro. Ugereranije impinduka ntoya kumiterere n'ahantu ho kwidagadurira bikomeje kuza no kugenda kuko bigira ingaruka kubihe, imyambarire, umuco, ikoranabuhanga, nubukungu. Kurugero, inkuru ivugwa muburyo butangaje irashobora gutangwa mumikino yikinamico, inzu yumuziki, inzu yerekana sinema, multiplex, cyangwa nkibishoboka byikoranabuhanga byateye imbere, ukoresheje ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka mudasobwa ya tablet. Imyidagaduro itangwa kubantu benshi mubikorwa byubatswe nkikinamico, inzu yimyidagaduro, cyangwa stade. Kimwe mu bibuga bizwi cyane mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, Colosseum, "yeguriye AD 80 hamwe n’imikino ijana, yakiriye abantu ibihumbi mirongo itanu," kandi muri yo abayitabiriye "bishimiye siporo y’amaraso hamwe n’imitego yerekana ibitaramo". Ibirori, amarushanwa, amasiganwa, na siporo bigeze gutangwa muriki kibuga cyubatswe nkimyidagaduro rusange. Stadia nshya ikomeje kubakwa kugirango ihuze ibisabwa bikenewe cyane kubantu bose bumva isi. === Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko === [[File:Codex_Manesse_192v_-_Albrecht_von_Rapperswil.jpg|left|thumb| Irushanwa imbere yabateze amatwi n'abacuranzi (ikinyejana cya 14)]] [[File:Ralph_Hedley_The_tournament_1898.jpg|left|thumb| Ralph Hedley ''Irushanwa'' (1898) Abana bahuza imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko]] Inkiko n’ibwami zatanze ikibuga cyamahugurwa ninkunga kubanyamwuga babigize umwuga, bafite imico itandukanye bakoresheje ingoro, ibigo n'ibihome muburyo butandukanye. Urugero, mu mujyi wa Maya, "" akenshi ibitaramo byaberaga mu bibuga binini imbere y’ingoro; imbaga y'abantu yateraniye aho haba cyangwa ahantu hagenewe bashobora kurebera kure. " Imyidagaduro y'urukiko nayo yarenze imico. Kurugero, durbar yamenyekanye mubuhinde nabamogali, hanyuma ijya mubwami bwabongereza, hanyuma bukurikiza imigenzo yabahinde: "ibigo, amazina, imigenzo, imihango yashizweho na Maharaja cyangwa Nawab ... guhana impano zemewe ... gahunda y'ibanze ", nk'urugero," bose barazwe kuva ... Abami ba Delhi ". Muri Koreya, "imbyino y'imyidagaduro y'urukiko" "yabanje gukorerwa mu ngoro yo kwidagadura mu birori by'urukiko." Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko yakunze kuva mu kwifatanya n’urukiko ikoreshwa cyane muri rusange. Uku niko byagenze kuri "imbyino zipfundikirwa mu maso" muri Koreya, "zatangiriye ku mihango ya shaman yo mu mudugudu kandi amaherezo yaje kuba uburyo bwo kwidagadura kuri rubanda". Ababyinnyi ba Nautch mu bwami bwa Mughal baririmbye mu nkiko zo mu Buhinde. Ubundi bwihindurize, busa n'ubwavuye mu myidagaduro yo mu rukiko ujya mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ni uguhinduka kuva mu mihango y'idini ukajya mu myidagaduro y'isi, nk'ibyabaye mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Goryeo n'umunsi mukuru wa Narye. Ubusanzwe "gusa abanyamadini cyangwa imihango, igice cyisi cyongewe kumusozo". Imyidagaduro yahoze mu rukiko, nko gusetsa, akenshi nayo yarokotse mu mikino y'abana Mu nkiko, nka birya gihe Byzantine Empire, rikoresheje bari bwacagamo mu mashule yo haruguru, kugira ngo "nibura imbere gihe mu Komnenoi " (1081-1185) abagabo gutandukana n'abagore ku mihango aho hari myidagaduro nk'ibirori n'ibirori. Imihango yurukiko, ibirori byumwami nibirori bifitanye isano nayo, ntabwo byakoreshejwe gusa kwishimisha ahubwo no kwerekana ubutunzi n'imbaraga. Ibintu nkibi bishimangira umubano hagati yumutegetsi nubutegetsi; hagati y'abafite imbaraga n'abadafite, bakorera "kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati y'imiryango isanzwe n'iy'umutegetsi". Uru nirwo rubanza nko mu nkiko gakondo nkuko bimeze ku mihango y'iki gihe, nk'imihango yo guhererekanya Hong Kong mu 1997, aho imyidagaduro myinshi (harimo ibirori, parade, fireworks, ibitaramo by'ibirori ndetse n'ubuhanzi. ) bashyizwe muri serivisi yo kwerekana impinduka mubutegetsi bwa politiki. Imyidagaduro y'urukiko ubusanzwe yakorwaga ku bwami no mu bami ndetse no "gushimisha abanyacyubahiro baho kandi basuye". Inkiko z'umwami, nk'iz'Abanyakoreya, nazo zashyigikiraga imbyino gakondo. Muri Sudani, ibikoresho bya muzika nkibyo bita "slit" cyangwa "kuvuga" ingoma, rimwe "igice cya orchestre yurukiko rwumutware ukomeye", byari bifite intego nyinshi: byakoreshwaga mu gukora umuziki; "vuga" mu birori; shyira ahagaragara ibikorwa byabaturage; ohereza ubutumwa burebure; kandi uhamagare abagabo guhiga cyangwa kurwana Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko irerekana kandi isano itoroshye hagati yimyidagaduro nindorerezi: abantu barashobora kuba abashimisha cyangwa igice cyabateze amatwi, cyangwa barashobora guhinduranya inshingano nubwo mugihe cyimyidagaduro imwe. Mu rukiko ku ngoro ya Versailles, "ibihumbi by'abanyacyubahiro, barimo abagabo n'abagore babaga mu nzu zayo, bakoze nk'abahanzi ndetse n'abarebera mu mihango ya buri munsi ishimangira urwego rw'imiterere". Kimwe n'imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko, ibihe byumwami nko kwimikwa nubukwe byatanze amahirwe yo gushimisha abanyacyubahiro ndetse nabantu. Kurugero, ibirori byiza 1595 byo kwizihiza umunsi wokwinjira kwumwamikazi Elizabeth wa mbere natanze amarushanwa, urwenya hamwe nibindi birori byakozwe "atari imbere yurukiko rwateraniye hamwe, mubyiza byabo byose, ariko no mubihumbi n’ibihumbi byabanya Londres bifuza kwidagadura umunsi mwiza. Kwinjira kuri Uwiteka ibirori byumunsi kuri Tiltyard muri Whitehall byashyizwe kuri 12d " === Igihano rusange === [[File:Ticket_for_the_execution_of_Jonathan_Wild.jpg|thumb|245x245px| Tike yo kwicwa Jonathan Wild (1725)]] Nubwo uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura bwagiye buhinduka kandi burakomeza uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, uburyo bumwe bwamamaye ntibukiri bwemewe. Kurugero, mu binyejana byabanjirije i Burayi, kureba cyangwa kugira uruhare mu guhana abagizi ba nabi cyangwa ababana n’imibereho byari uburyo bwo kwidagadura bwemewe kandi buzwi. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gusuzugura rubanda nabwo bwatangaga imyidagaduro yaho kera. Ndetse igihano cyo kwicwa nko kumanika no gucibwa umutwe, gihabwa rubanda nk'ikuburira, nacyo cyafatwaga nk'imyidagaduro. Ibihano by'urupfu byamaraga igihe kirekire, nko gutera amabuye no gushushanya no muri kimwe cya kane, byatanze abantu benshi. "Kumanika byari karnivali itayoboye abashomeri gusa ahubwo n'abashomeri. Burugumesitiri mwiza cyangwa abanyacyubahiro bafite amatsiko washoboraga kubigura babireba muri gare cyangwa bakodesha icyumba." Igihano rusange nkimyidagaduro cyakomeje kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19 icyo gihe "ibintu biteye ubwoba byo kumanikwa kumugaragaro byakuruye urwango abanditsi nabafilozofe". Dickens na Thackeray bombi banditse ibijyanye no kumanikwa muri gereza ya Newgate mu 1840, kandi "bigisha abantu benshi ko kwicwa ari imyidagaduro iteye isoni." == Abana == [[File:Pieter_Bruegel_d._Ä._041b.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Pieter Bruegel ''Imikino'' Yabana (1560)]] Imyidagaduro y'abana ishingiye ku gukina kandi ifite akamaro mu mikurire yabo. Imyidagaduro nayo itangwa kubana cyangwa ikabigishwa nabakuze kandi ibikorwa byinshi bibashimisha nkibipupe, clown, pantomimes na karato nabyo bikundwa nabakuze. Abana bamye bakina imikino. Biremewe ko kimwe no kwinezeza, gukina imikino bifasha iterambere ryabana. Imwe mu nkuru zizwi cyane zerekana amashusho y'imikino y'abana ni igishushanyo cya Pieter Bruegel Umusaza cyitwa Imikino y'abana, cyashushanijwe mu 1560. Irerekana abana bakina imikino itandukanye byitwa ko byari bisanzwe muri kiriya gihe. Imikino myinshi muriyi mikino, nka marble, kwihisha-gushakisha, kuvuza amasabune menshi hamwe no gutwara ingurube bikomeje gukinwa. [[File:Israel_Rating.jpg|left|thumb|100x100px| Urugero rwa sisitemu yo gusuzuma igaragaza imyaka ikwiye (Isiraheli)]] Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura burashobora cyangwa bwahinduwe kugirango buhuze ibyo abana bakeneye. Mu kinyejana cya 20, duhereye ku bikorwa byakunze kunengwa ariko nyamara ari ngombwa bya G. Stanley Hall, "wateje imbere isano iri hagati yo kwiga iterambere na psychologiya" nshya ", cyane cyane n'ibikorwa bya Jean Piaget, we." yabonye iterambere ryubwenge risa niterambere ryibinyabuzima ", byumvikanye ko iterambere ryimitekerereze yabana riba mubyiciro kandi ko ubushobozi bwabo butandukanye nabakuze. Niyo mpamvu, inkuru n'ibikorwa, haba mubitabo, firime, cyangwa imikino yo kuri videwo byateguwe byumwihariko kubantu bumva abana. Ibihugu byashubije ibibazo byihariye by’abana ndetse n’izamuka ry’imyidagaduro hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga nka sisitemu yo gusuzuma ibipimo bya tereviziyo, kugira ngo bayobore rubanda n’imyidagaduro. Mu kinyejana cya 21, kimwe nibicuruzwa bikuze, imyidagaduro myinshi iraboneka kubana kuri enterineti kugirango bakoreshwe wenyine. Ibi bigize impinduka zikomeye kuva kera. Umwanya umara abana bamara mu nzu mu myidagaduro ishingiye kuri ecran no "gusenyuka gutangaje kwabana kwabana na kamere" byamaganye ingaruka mbi zabyo mubitekerezo, kumenya abantu bakuru no kumererwa neza mumitekerereze. == Ifishi == === Ibirori === Ibirori byabaye ahantu ho kwidagadura, kwidagadura cyangwa kwinezeza kuva kera, bikomeza kugeza mu kinyejana cya 21, igihe bigikoreshwa mu ntego zabo za mbere - gushimisha abashyitsi, cyane cyane ibyingenzi  kwerekana ubwakiranyi ; nkumwanya wo kwerekana imyidagaduro ishigikira nkumuziki cyangwa imbyino, cyangwa byombi Bagize uruhare rukomeye mu myidagaduro y'urukiko kandi bafasha abidagadura guteza imbere ubumenyi bwabo  Nibindi bintu byingenzi bigize ibirori nko kwimikwa , ubukwe ,iminsi y'amavuko ibyagezweho mubenegihugu cyangwa ibya politiki  kwishora mubikorwa bya gisirikare cyangwa intsinzi kimwe n'inshingano z'idini . Muri iki gihe cya none, ibirori biraboneka mubucuruzi, urugero, muri resitora kandi bigahuzwa nibikorwa mubyumba byo gusangiriramo. Guteka nabatetsi babigize umwuga nabyo byahindutse uburyo bwo kwidagadura mu rwego rwamarushanwa yisi yose nka Bocuse d'Or. <gallery class="center" caption="Banquets across 10 centuries and cultures" widths="180" heights="150"> File:An Egyptian Banquet.jpg|'''1''' Ibirori byabereye muri [[Ancient Egypt|Egiputa ya kera]] (bivuye ku rukuta rwa [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]] ) File:Byzantine Greek Banquet Alexander Manuscript (cropped).JPG|'''2''' [[Byzantine]] bahanzi birori ikwereka na ibikoresho bitandukanye by'umuzika (1204-1453) File:Banquet de Charles V le Sage.jpg|'''3''' [[Jean Fouquet]], ''Ibirori bya [[Charles V of France|Charles V w'Ubufaransa]]'' (1455–1460) File:A banquet for Babur.jpg|'''4''' Ibirori birimo [[Roast goose|ingagi zokeje]] zahawe [[Babur]] na [[Mirza|Mirzas]] mu 1507 (miniature {{circa|1590}} ) File:Helst, Peace of Münster.jpg|'''5''' [[Bartholomeus van der Helst]], ''[[Peace of Münster|Amahoro ya Münster]]'' Amsterdam (1648) File:Victory banquet 1788.jpg|'''6''' Victory birori by [[Emperor Qian Long|w'abami Qian Long]] gusuhuza bapolisi bitabiriye [[Lin Shuangwen rebellion|kurwanya Tayiwani]] . (mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18) File:Wedding in Toropets (landlords coming to the peasants’ wedding)..jpg|'''7''' bakodeshaga kuza mu bukwe abaturage 'ibirori (Nyakwigendera 18 kinyejana) File:The banquet hall in King Sahla Sellases palace colour.jpg|'''8''' Inzu y'ibirori mu ngoro y'Umwami [[Sahle Selassie]] ishushanya ku ifoto, Etiyopiya (1852) File:George IV coronation banquet.jpg|'''9''' Ibirori byo kwimika [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] muri [[Westminster Hall|salle ya Westminster]] (1821) File:Chinese banquet in a banquet hall.JPG|Ibirori '''10''' by'Abashinwa muri salle y'ibirori byatanzwe nk'umunsi [[Birthday|mukuru w'amavuko]] (2012) </gallery> === Umuziki === [[File:A_full_house,_seen_from_the_rear_of_the_stage,_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_House_for_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann,_1_-_NARA_-_541890.tif|left|thumb| Inzu yuzuye kuri Metropolitan Opera mu mujyi wa New York, itegereje ko imyidagaduro ya muzika itangira (1937)]] Umuziki nikintu gishyigikira ubwoko bwimyidagaduro nubwoko bwinshi bwimikorere. Kurugero, ikoreshwa mugutezimbere inkuru, ni ntangarugero mubyino na opera, kandi mubisanzwe byinjizwa muma firime cyangwa amakinamico Umuziki kandi nubwoko bwimyidagaduro kwisi yose kandi izwi cyane yonyine, igizwe nibikorwa byose nkigihe ibitaramo byatanzwe . Ukurikije injyana, igikoresho, imikorere nuburyo, umuziki ugabanijwe mubwoko bwinshi, nka classique, jazz, rubanda,  rock, umuziki wa pop cyangwa gakondo . Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, umuziki wakozwe, umaze kuboneka gusa kubashobora kwishyura abahanzi, washoboye kuboneka kubantu ku giti cyabo n’imyidagaduro, iyitangaza cyangwa ikayandika mbere yo kugurisha. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibitaramo bya muzika, byaba byongerewe ubuhanga , byose bitanga imyidagaduro hatitawe ku kuba ibitaramo bituruka ku baririmbyi , chorale  cyangwa amatsinda ya orchestre , cyangwa itsinda . Igitaramo cya Live gikoresha ibibuga byihariye, bishobora kuba bito cyangwa binini; mu nzu cyangwa hanze; ubuntu cyangwa bihenze. Abateze amatwi bafite ibyifuzo bitandukanye kubahanzi kimwe n'uruhare rwabo mubikorwa. Kurugero, bamwe mubateze amatwi biteze gutega amatwi bucece kandi bashimishwa nubwiza bwumuziki, uko uhindura cyangwa ibisobanuro . Abandi bumva ibitaramo bya Live bashimishwa nibidukikije n'amahirwe yo kwitabira . Ndetse nabandi benshi bumva bashimishwa numuziki wanditswe mbere bakumva wenyine . Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu myidagaduro yumuziki ni ijwi ryabantu gusa cyangwa ibikoresho gusa cyangwa bimwe bihuza byombi . Niba ibitaramo bitangwa nabaririmbyi cyangwa abacuranga ibikoresho, abahanzi bashobora kuba baririmbyi cyangwa igice cyitsinda rito cyangwa rinini, nabo bagashimisha abumva bashobora kuba umuntu ku giti cye , unyuze kuri , muto cyangwa binini . Kuririmba muri rusange biherekejwe nibikoresho nubwo uburyo bumwe, cyane cyane acappella hamwe no kuririmba birenze, ntibiherekejwe. Ibitaramo bigezweho akenshi bikoresha ingaruka zidasanzwe hamwe nandi makinamico aherekeza ibitaramo byo kuririmba no kubyina. <gallery class="center" caption="Musical entertainment – 10 types of audience engagement" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Lama orchestra.jpg| '''1''' Traditional instruments used to accompany dance (Tibet, 1949) File:RIAN archive 24089 The youngsters singing.jpg|'''2''' Children's choir providing musical entertainment ([[Soviet Union]], 1979) File:Paris Metro orchestra.jpg| '''3''' Ensemble entertains travellers in the [[Paris Métro]] (2002) File:Boduberu performer.jpg|'''4''' Drummer playing [[Boduberu]] (Maldives, 2010) File:CORO ECCLESIA.jpg| '''5''' Choir and orchestra in [[ecclesiology|ecclesiastical]] setting (Italy, 2008) File:Rouvas fans.jpg| '''6''' Contemporary audience in ancient outdoor stadium (Greece, 2009) File:Jay Chou The Era Singapore 2010 concert.jpg|'''7''' A concert with a 3D enhanced stage (Singapore, 2010) File:Concertkoor Haarlem 19-11-2010 Philharmonie.jpg| '''8''' Concert hall audience (Netherlands, 2010) File:Phoenix ThomasMars1.jpg| '''9''' [[Crowd surfing]] at a concert (France, 2011) File:Music listener.jpg| '''10''' Woman listening privately to music through headphones (Russia, 2010) </gallery> === Imikino === Imikino ikinirwa imyidagaduro - rimwe na rimwe gusa kwidagadura, rimwe na rimwe kubigeraho cyangwa ibihembo nabyo. Barashobora gukinishwa bonyine, mumakipe, cyangwa kumurongo; nabakunzi cyangwa nababigize umwuga. Abakinnyi barashobora kugira abumva abadakina, nkigihe abantu bashimishwa no kureba shampiyona ya chess. Kurundi ruhande, abakinyi mumikino barashobora kuba ababateze amatwi mugihe bafashe umwanya wo gukina. Akenshi, igice cyimyidagaduro kubana bakina umukino ni uguhitamo uwaba mubateze amatwi ninde mukinnyi. Ibikoresho bitandukanye nu mukino. Imikino y'ubuyobozi, nka Go, Monopoly cyangwa backgammon ikenera ikibaho cyera. Imwe mumikino izwi cyane ni Senet, umukino ukinirwa muri Egiputa ya kera, ukundwa na farawo Tutankhamun. Imikino yamakarita, nk'ifirimbi, poker na Bridge imaze igihe kinini ikinwa nk'imyidagaduro nimugoroba n'inshuti. Kuri iyi mikino, icyo ukeneye ni ikarita yumukino. Indi mikino, nka bingo, yakinwe nabantu benshi batazi, yagenewe kureba uruhare rwabatari urusimbi. Byinshi byaremewe abana, kandi birashobora gukinirwa hanze, harimo hopscotch, guhisha no gushaka, cyangwa bluff man. Urutonde rwimikino yumupira wamaguru ni nini. Harimo, kurugero, croquet, gukubita ibyatsi na ballball kimwe na siporo myinshi ukoresheje imipira itandukanye. Guhitamo guhuza ubumenyi nubuzima butandukanye. Imyitozo ngororangingo irashobora kuzamura ubumenyi nubushobozi bwa moteri. Imikino yimibare nka Sudoku nimikino ya puzzle nka cube ya Rubik irashobora kunoza ubwenge. Imikino ya videwo ikinwa hifashishijwe umugenzuzi kugirango itange ibisubizo kuri ecran. Barashobora kandi gukinishwa kumurongo hamwe nabitabiriye bifatanya kure. Mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 20 no mu kinyejana cya 21 umubare w'imikino nk'iyi wariyongereye cyane, utanga imyidagaduro itandukanye ku bakinnyi ku isi. Imikino ya videwo irazwi kwisi yose. <gallery class="center" caption="Games" widths="180" heights="150"> File:The Chess Game - Sofonisba Anguissola.jpg|[[Sofonisba Anguissola]] ''Umukino wa [[Chess]]'' (1555) Umukino '''wubwenge''' File:Duverger Hopscotch.jpg|[[Théophile Emmanuel Duverger]] (mbere ya 1901) ''[[Hopscotch]]'' Umukino '''wumubiri''' File:Televised Star Craft.jpg|Umukino wa ''[[StarCraft|tereviziyo]]'' ya ''[[StarCraft]]'' (2006) Koreya yepfo Umukino wa '''elegitoroniki''' </gallery> === Ubuvanganzo === {{Quote box|width=20em|border=1px|align=right|fontsize=85%|salign=right|quote=French poet [[Louise Labé]] (1520/1522–1566) wrote "a profound and timeless insight into reading's innate power". ''The past gives us pleasure and is of more service than the present; but the delight of what we once felt is dimly lost never to return and its memory is as distressing as the events themselves were then delectable&nbsp;... But when we happen to put our thoughts in writing, how easily, later on, does our mind race through an infinity of events, incessantly alive, so that a long time afterwards when we take up those written pages we can return to the same place and to the same disposition in which we once found ourselves.'' <br>quote from and commentary by Fischer (2003)<ref name=Fischer>{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=Steven Roger|title=A history of reading|year=2003|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-86189-160-0|page=236}}</ref>}}{{Quote box|width=20em|border=1px|align=right|fontsize=85%|salign=right|quote=French poet [[Louise Labé]] (1520/1522–1566) wrote "a profound and timeless insight into reading's innate power". ''The past gives us pleasure and is of more service than the present; but the delight of what we once felt is dimly lost never to return and its memory is as distressing as the events themselves were then delectable&nbsp;... But when we happen to put our thoughts in writing, how easily, later on, does our mind race through an infinity of events, incessantly alive, so that a long time afterwards when we take up those written pages we can return to the same place and to the same disposition in which we once found ourselves.'' <br>quote from and commentary by Fischer (2003)<ref name=Fischer>{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=Steven Roger|title=A history of reading|year=2003|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-86189-160-0|page=236}}</ref>}} Gusoma byabaye isoko yimyidagaduro igihe kinini cyane, cyane cyane mugihe ubundi buryo, nkimyidagaduro yimikorere, bwari (cyangwa burahari) butaboneka cyangwa buhenze cyane. Ndetse iyo intego yibanze yinyandiko ari ukumenyesha cyangwa kwigisha, gusoma bizwi cyane kubushobozi bwayo bwo kurangaza amaganya ya buri munsi. Byombi inkuru namakuru byanyujijwe mumigenzo yimvugo n'imigenzo mvugo ibaho muburyo bwimivugo yimikorere urugero. Ariko, baranze rwose. "Kumenya gusoma no kwandika bimaze gukomera, nta gusubira mu burenganzira bwo mu kanwa." Kuza kw'icapiro, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro by'ibitabo no kongera gusoma no kwandika byose byagize uruhare mu gutuma abantu benshi basoma. Byongeye kandi, uko imyandikire yari isanzwe kandi inyandiko zikarushaho gusobanuka, "gusoma byaretse kuba inzira ibabaza yo gusobanura kandi byabaye igikorwa cyo kwinezeza". Mu kinyejana cya 16 mu Burayi, abantu bashimishijwe no gusoma mu myidagaduro. Mubitabo byubwoko bwinshi harimo bimwe byateguwe, byose cyangwa igice, kubwimyidagaduro. Limericks, kurugero, koresha umurongo muburyo butajegajega, buteganijwe, injyana nigitekerezo cyo gukora urwenya no gushimisha abumva cyangwa abasoma. Ibitabo byungurana ibitekerezo nka "hitamo ibyakubayeho" birashobora gutuma imyidagaduro yubuvanganzo irushaho kugira uruhare. [[File:Old_man_reading_news_paper_early_in_the_morning_at_Basantapur-IMG_6800.jpg|thumb| Umusaza usoma ikinyamakuru i Basantapur.]] Ibitekerezo na karato ni ubwoko bwubuvanganzo bukoresha ibishushanyo cyangwa ibishushanyo, mubisanzwe bifatanije ninyandiko, kugirango bitange inkuru ishimishije. Ibitekerezo byinshi byiki gihe bifite ibintu bya fantasy kandi bikozwe namasosiyete agize imyidagaduro. Abandi bafite abanditsi badasanzwe batanga ibitekerezo byihariye, filozofiya yisi nibibazo abantu bahura nabyo. Byendagusetsa kubyintwari nka Superman nubwoko bwambere. Ingero z'ubwoko bwa kabiri zirimo umurimo ku giti cye mu myaka 50 ya Charles M. Schulz wakoze comic izwi cyane yitwa Peanuts ivuga ku mibanire hagati y'abakinnyi b'abana; na Michael Leunig wishimisha mugukora amakarito ashimishije nayo arimo kunegura imibereho. Imyiyerekano ya Manga yubuyapani itandukanye nuburyo bwiburengerazuba kuko ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko kubasomyi b'imyaka yose. Caricature ikoresha ubwoko bwimyidagaduro ishushanyije kubintu bitandukanye nko gushyira inseko mumaso yabareba, kugeza kumenyekanisha imibereho, kwerekana ibimenyetso biranga umuntu kuba karikatire. === Urwenya === [[File:Dictator_charlie3.jpg|thumb| Umunyarwenya Charlie Chaplin yigana [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] kubera ingaruka zisekeje muri filime isebanya ''The Great Dictator'' (1940)]] Urwenya ni ubwoko bwimyidagaduro nibigize, butanga ibitwenge no kwinezeza, byaba urwenya niyo ntego yonyine cyangwa ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutandukanya ikindi gice gikomeye. Numuterankunga ufite agaciro muburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura, harimo mubuvanganzo, ikinamico, opera, film n'imikino. Mu nkiko z'umwami, nko mu rukiko rwa Byzantine, kandi birashoboka ko no mu ngo zayo zikize, "mimes niyo yibandaga cyane ku gusetsa byateguwe, byari byitezwe cyangwa bitegekwa gusetsa abantu bose mu rukiko, kabone nubwo usibye umwami w'abami n'abagize ubwami. umuryango. Uru ruhare rwubatswe cyane rwabashinyaguzi rwari rugizwe no gusetsa mu magambo, harimo gutereta, urwenya, gutukana, gushinyagurira, no gutukana no gusetsa mu magambo nko gukubita inshyi no gukina ifarashi imbere yabateze amatwi. " Mu gihe cyagati, ubwoko bwose busetsa - buffoon, jester, hunchback, dwarf, urwenya, bose "babonaga ko ari ubwoko bumwe busekeje: umuswa", nubwo bidashoboka ko asetsa, yagereranyaga "amakosa yumuntu". Shakespeare yanditse inkuru zisetsa cumi na zirindwi zirimo tekinike nyinshi zikoreshwa n'abahanzi n'abanditsi b'urwenya - nk'urwenya, ibihano, parody, ubwenge, urwenya rwo kwitegereza, cyangwa ingaruka zitunguranye z'icyuma . Urwenya rumwe gusa na satire nabyo bikoreshwa mugusetsa mubuvanganzo. Muri farce, urwenya nintego yibanze. Ubusobanuro bwijambo "comedi" nibitekerezo byabateze amatwi byahindutse mugihe kandi biratandukanye ukurikije umuco. Urwenya rworoshye rwumubiri nka slapstick rurashimishije kubantu benshi bingeri zose. Ariko, uko imico igenda irushaho kuba indashyikirwa, imiterere yigihugu igaragara muburyo no kwerekanwa kugirango ibishimishije mumuco umwe bishobora kutumvikana mubindi. === Imikorere/Imyiyerekano === Ibitaramo bya Live mbere yabateze amatwi bigize uburyo bwimyidagaduro, cyane cyane mbere yo kuvumbura amajwi n'amashusho. Imikorere ifata uburyo butandukanye, harimo ikinamico, umuziki n'ikinamico. Mu kinyejana cya 16 na 17, inkiko z’ibwami z’i Burayi zerekanaga masike yari imyidagaduro igoye irimo kubyina, kuririmba no gukina. Opera nuburyo busaba imikorere yuburyo bukomeza gukundwa. Irimo kandi uburyo bwose uko ari butatu, busaba urwego rwohejuru rwubuhanga bwumuziki namakinamico, ubufatanye kandi nka masque, ubuhanga bwo gukora kimwe. [[File:Aida_poster_colors_fixed.jpg|center|thumb|550x550px| Icyapa cyerekana 1908 yakozwe na opera ''Aida ya'' 1871 ya Verdi, ikorwa na Hippodrome Opera Company ya Cleveland, Ohio]] Abateze amatwi muri rusange berekana ko bashimira imikorere ishimishije bakoma amashyi. Ariko, abahanzi bose bafite ibyago byo kunanirwa gukurura ababateze amatwi bityo, bakananirwa kwinezeza. Kutanyurwa kwabumva akenshi ni inyangamugayo kandi zitaziguye. ==== Kuvuga inkuru ==== [[File:Millais_Boyhood_of_Raleigh.jpg|thumb| ''Ubuhungu bwa Raleigh'' na Sir John Everett Millais, amavuta kuri canvas, 1870.<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Umusare abwira umusore Sir Walter Raleigh na murumuna we inkuru y'ibyabereye mu nyanja]] Kuvuga inkuru nuburyo bwa kera bwimyidagaduro bwagize ingaruka muburyo bwose. Ntabwo "atari imyidagaduro gusa, iranatekereza binyuze mu makimbirane y'abantu no kwivuguruza". Kubwibyo, nubwo inkuru zishobora gutangwa muburyo butaziguye kubantu bateze amatwi, zitangwa kandi nk'imyidagaduro kandi zigakoreshwa nk'igice icyo ari cyo cyose gishingiye ku nkuru, nka firime, ikinamico, ballet, na opera. Inkuru zanditswe zongerewe amashusho, akenshi kurwego rwo hejuru cyane mubuhanzi, kurugero, kumyandikire yandikishijwe intoki no kumuzingo wa kera nku Buyapani. Inkuru zikomeje kuba inzira isanzwe yo gushimisha itsinda riri murugendo. Yerekana uburyo inkuru zikoreshwa mu kurengana no gushimisha abitabiriye ingendo, Chaucer yakoresheje ingendo mu gitabo cye cy’ubuvanganzo ''cyitwa Canterbury Tales'' mu kinyejana cya 14, kimwe na Wu Cheng'en mu kinyejana cya 16 mu rugendo ''rwo mu Burengerazuba'' . Nubwo ubu ingendo zishobora kurangira vuba cyane, inkuru ziracyabwirwa abagenzi bagenda mumodoka nindege haba kumanwa cyangwa gutangwa muburyo bwikoranabuhanga. mbaraga zinkuru zo kwinezeza zigaragara muri imwe mu zizwi cyane - Scheherazade - inkuru mu muco gakondo wo kuvuga inkuru mu Buperesi, y’umugore urokora ubuzima bwe avuga inkuru. Isano riri hagati yubwoko butandukanye bwimyidagaduro ryerekanwa nuburyo inkuru nkiyi itera gusubiramo ubundi buryo, nkumuziki, film cyangwa imikino. Kurugero, abahimbyi Rimsky-Korsakov, Ravel na Szymanowski buri wese yatewe inkunga ninkuru ya Scheherazade ayihindura umurimo wa orchestre; umuyobozi Pasolini yakoze imiterere ya firime; kandi hari umukino wa videwo udushya ushingiye kumugani. Inkuru zishobora kuvugwa nta jambo, mumuziki, imbyino cyangwa igikinisho urugero, nko mumigenzo ya Javan ya wayang, aho igitaramo kijyana na orchestre gamelan cyangwa ibisa nkibisanzwe Punch na Judy. Amagambo y'ibirangirire, ibisigo, sagas hamwe n'ibishushanyo biva mumico yose ivuga imigani itangaje kuburyo bahumekeye izindi nkuru zitabarika muburyo bwose bwo kwidagadura. Ingero zirimo Umuhindu Ramayana na Mahabharata; Homer's Odyssey na Iliad; igitabo cya mbere cy'icyarabu Hayy bin Yaqdhan; icyamamare mu Buperesi Shahnameh; aba Sagas bo muri Isilande hamwe n'Imigani yizihizwa ya Genji. Ibyegeranyo by'inkuru, nk'imigani ya Grimms cyangwa ibya Hans Christian Andersen, nabyo byagize uruhare runini. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, iki cyegeranyo cy'inkuru za rubanda kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muco wa none uzwi cyane, waje gukoresha insanganyamatsiko, amashusho, ibimenyetso, n'ibikoresho byubaka mu buryo bushya bwo kwidagadura. Zimwe mu nkuru zikomeye kandi ziramba ni inkuru zifatizo, nanone bita inkomoko cyangwa imigani y'ibyaremwe nk'imigani ya Dreamtime y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, Epic ya Mesopotamiya ya Gilgamesh, cyangwa inkuru zo muri Hawayi zivuga inkomoko y'isi. Ibi nabyo byatejwe imbere mubitabo, firime, umuziki nimikino muburyo bwongera kuramba no kuzamura agaciro kabo kwidagadura. <gallery class="center" caption="Telling stories" widths="180" heights="150"> File:William Blake - Canterbury Pilgrims Picture.jpg|Igishushanyo cya [[William Blake]] cyabashitsi muri ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'' File:Sultan Pardons Scheherazade.jpg|[[Scheherazade]] abwira amateka ye Umwami [[Shahrayar|Shahryar]] mu [[Shahrayar|ijoro]] ''[[The Arabian Nights|ry'Abarabu]]'' File:Wayang golek SF Asian Art Museum.JPG|Kuvuga inkuru ukoresheje ibipupe bya [[Wayang]] golek muri Java File:Tosa Mitsuoki—Portrait of Murasaki Shikibu.jpg|[[Tosa Mitsuoki]] yerekana ''[[The Tale of Genji|Umugani]]'' we ''[[The Tale of Genji|wa Genji]]'' </gallery> ==== Ikinamico ==== [[File:G_Durand_Saturday_Night_at_the_Victoria_Theatre_VA.jpg|thumb| Ku wa gatandatu nijoro abitabiriye ikinamico ya Victoria, London (1872)]] Ibitaramo, ubusanzwe ikinamico cyangwa umuziki, byerekanwa kuri stade kubantu bose kandi bifite amateka asubira mubihe byabagiriki igihe "abahanzi nabacuranzi bakomeye" bakinnye cyane "amarushanwa yubusizi", urugero kuri "Delphi, Delos, Efeso ". Aristote n'umwarimu we Platon bombi banditse ku nyigisho n'intego by'ikinamico. Aristote yabajije ibibazo nka "Ni ubuhe butumwa bukorwa mu buhanzi mu gushiraho imico? Ese umwe mu bagize itsinda riri ku butegetsi akwiye kureba gusa ibitaramo cyangwa kugira uruhare no gukora? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imyidagaduro igomba gutangwa ku batari mu ntore? ? " "Ptolémée muri Egiputa, Abaselewusi muri Perugamo" na bo bari bafite umuco gakondo w'ikinamico, nyuma, abakire b'abakire i Roma bategura "ibihangano byiza cyane". Ibiteganijwe ku mikorere no kwishora hamwe nabyo byahindutse mugihe (1). Kurugero, mu Bwongereza mu kinyejana cya 18, "urwikekwe ku bakinnyi ba filime rwari rwaragabanutse" no mu Burayi muri rusange, kujya mu ikinamico, byahoze ari ibikorwa biteye amakenga mu mibereho, byabaye "imyidagaduro yo mu rwego rwo hagati yubahwa cyane" mu mpera za 19 na kare. Ikinyejana cya 20, iyo imyidagaduro itandukanye ikunzwe. Inzu ya Operetta na salle byabonetse, maze inzu yimikino ikinamico nka Theatre yubuhanzi ya Moscou hamwe n’ikinamico ya Suvorin mu Burusiya. Muri icyo gihe, ibinyamakuru by’ubucuruzi "byatangiye gutwara inkingi n’ibisobanuro" byafashaga guhindura ikinamico "ingingo yemewe y’impaka zishingiye ku bwenge" mu biganiro rusange byerekeye ubuhanzi n’umuco. Abateze amatwi batangiye guterana ngo "bashimire ibyagezweho mu guhanga, gutangazwa no gushimishwa n '" inyenyeri "zikomeye. Vaudeville n'inzu z'umuziki, zizwi cyane muri iki gihe muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, Kanada, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, ubwazo zaje gusimburwa. Ibikinisho, imiziki, monologues, pantomimes, hamwe nubusizi bwibikorwa biri mumateka maremare cyane yikinamico, ari naho habereye ubwoko bwibitaramo bizwi nka stand-up comedie. Mu kinyejana cya 20, amaradiyo na televiziyo, akenshi byerekanaga imbonankubone, byaguye imigenzo yikinamico yakomeje kubaho hamwe nuburyo bushya. Ibikinisho, imiziki, monologues, pantomimes, hamwe nubusizi bwibikorwa biri mumateka maremare cyane yikinamico, ari naho habereye ubwoko bwibitaramo bizwi nka stand-up comedie. Mu kinyejana cya 20, amaradiyo na televiziyo, akenshi byerekanaga imbonankubone, byaguye imigenzo yikinamico yakomeje kubaho hamwe nuburyo bushya. <gallery class="center" caption="Theatrical entertainment – stages, staging and stagecraft" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Isaac Cruikshank King John's first appearance at the New Theatre Covent Garden 1809.jpg|'''1''' Kwerekana urwenya rwerekana abumva (1809) File:Öffentlich durchgeführte medizinische Behandlung auf einem französischen Jahrmarkt.jpg|'''2''' Improvised stage kugira imikorere rusange ku [[Fair|buboneye]] (1642) File:The stage.jpg|'''3''' Icyiciro cyateguwe kuri teatre yo murugo File:Dalhalla stage before show.JPG|'''4''' Icyiciro cyo hanze mbere yo kwerekana File:Troldsalen-inne03.jpg|'''5''' Ikinamico y'ibitaramo yiteguye gucuranga wenyine File:PipesAndDrums.jpg|'''6''' Ikinamico yo hanze yakozwe kuva [[Edinburgh castle]] forecourt File:Noh stage Miyajima Sep2008.jpg|'''7''' Traditional stage kuko Japanese [[Noh]] ikinamico File:Music Circus Stage 2011.jpg|'''8''' Icyiciro cya [[Theatre in the round|teatre muruziga]] File:Colon-interior-escenario-TM.jpg|'''9''' [[Teatro Colón]], ikinamico nziza cyane, inzu yimikino File:SWHS locking rail.jpg|'''10''' Stagecraft{{snd}}[[Fly system|gari ya moshi ifunga]] inyuma </gallery> ==== Sinema na firime ==== [[File:Munken_kino_(kinolerret).jpg|left|thumb| Abareba firime mubisanzwe bicaye mu ntebe nziza zitondekanye kumurongo wa hafi mbere ya ecran ya ecran. Noruveje (2005)]] Filime nuburyo bukomeye bwimyidagaduro, nubwo film zose zidafite imyidagaduro nkintego yabo yibanze: film documentaire, kurugero, igamije gukora inyandiko cyangwa kumenyesha, nubwo intego zombi akenshi zikorana. Ikigereranyo cyari ubucuruzi ku isi kuva mu ntangiriro: " Abavandimwe ba Lumière ni bo ba mbere bohereje kamera ku isi hose, babategeka gufata amashusho yose ashobora kugirira rubanda akamaro." Mu 1908, Pathé yatangije akanakwirakwiza amakuru kandi mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, filime zari zikeneye cyane imyidagaduro. "Mu myaka icumi ya mbere ya gahunda ya sinema yo mu kinyejana cya 20 yahurijwe hamwe, ku bushake, ibihimbano ndetse no mu makuru." Abanyamerika babanje "gutekereza uburyo bwo kubyara igitekerezo binyuze mu mashusho akurikirana," ariko "Abafaransa bashoboye guhindura ihame rya siyansi mu buryo bwinjiza amafaranga mu bucuruzi". [90] Filime rero yabaye igice cyimyidagaduro kuva kera. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwakoreshejwe muburyo bwa firime kugirango bishimishe kandi bashimishe abareba. Animation, kurugero, ikubiyemo kwerekana umuvuduko wihuse mubikorwa byubuhanzi, ni bumwe muri ubwo buryo bukurura cyane cyane abakiri bato. Kuza kw'amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa (CGI) mu kinyejana cya 21 byatumye "bishoboka gukora indorerezi" bihendutse kandi "ku rugero rutigeze urota" na Cecil B. DeMille . Kuva mu myaka ya za 1930 kugeza 1950, firime na radiyo byari "imyidagaduro yonyine" ariko mu myaka icumi ya kabiri yo mu kinyejana cya 21, impinduka z’ikoranabuhanga, ibyemezo by’ubukungu, kwirinda ingaruka ndetse n’isi yose byagabanije ubwiza n’urwego rwa firime zikorwa. Ingaruka zinoze ziboneka hamwe nubuhanga bwa CGI, kurugero, aho kuba abantu, ntabwo byakoreshejwe gusa mugukora amashusho yukuri yabantu, ibibera hamwe nibyabaye (haba mubyukuri kandi bitangaje ) ariko no mubuzima bwibintu bitabaho nka Lego bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkimyidagaduro nka umukino muburyo bwumubiri. Abakoze ''Filime ya Lego'' "bifuzaga ko abayitabiriye bemera ko bareba amatafari nyayo ya Lego ku gisate cyarashwe na kamera nyayo, atari ibyo twakoze mu by'ukuri, cyaremye ibidukikije binini n'amatafari ya mudasobwa imbere muri mudasobwa." Ihuriro rya mudasobwa na firime byatumye imyidagaduro itangwa mu buryo bushya kandi ikoranabuhanga ryemereye kandi abafite umutungo bwite kwerekana amashusho mu nzu y’imikino yo mu rugo, bakisubirira ahantu hihariye ubwiza n'uburambe bw'ikinamico rusange. Ibi birasa nuburyo abanyacyubahiro mubihe byashize bashoboraga kwerekana ibitaramo bya muzika byigenga cyangwa gukoresha amakinamico yo murugo mumazu manini kugirango bakine amakinamico mu binyejana byashize. Filime kandi yongeye gutekereza imyidagaduro ivuye mubundi buryo, guhindura inkuru, ibitabo n'imikino, urugero, mubyishimo bishya. Inkuru ya Filime, documentaire ivuga ku mateka ya firime, itanga ubushakashatsi ku byagezweho ku isi no guhanga udushya mu buryo bwo hagati, ndetse n'impinduka mu myumvire yo gukora film. Irerekana ko mugihe ama firime amwe, cyane cyane ayo mumigenzo ya Hollywood ahuza "realism na melodramatic romantism", agamije nkuburyo bwo guhunga, izindi zisaba gusezerana byimbitse cyangwa igisubizo gitekereje kubateze amatwi. Kurugero, film Xala yatsindiye ibihembo Xala ifata ruswa ya leta nkinsanganyamatsiko. Filime ya Charlie Chaplin The Great Dictator yari intwari kandi igezweho, nayo ku nsanganyamatsiko ya politiki. Inkuru zimaze imyaka ibihumbi, nka Nowa, zongeye gusobanurwa muri firime, zikoresha ibikoresho byubuvanganzo bimenyerewe nka allegoryi na personnasiyo hamwe nubuhanga bushya nka CGI kugirango ushakishe insanganyamatsiko nini nka "ubupfu bwabantu", icyiza n'ikibi, ubutwari no kwiheba, urukundo, kwizera, n'urupfu - insanganyamatsiko zabaye umwanya-nyamukuru wo kwidagadura muburyo bwose. Kimwe no mu bindi bitangazamakuru, kuba indashyikirwa no kugeraho muri filime bizwi binyuze mu bihembo bitandukanye, harimo n'ibyavuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ryigisha amashusho y’ubukorikori n’ubumenyi, Ishuri rikuru ry’amafirime na televiziyo mu Bwongereza, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cannes mu Bufaransa no muri Aziya Ibihembo bya Pasifika. ==== Imbyino ==== [[File:Peterborough_Snow_Ball_2008_silent_video.ogg|left|thumb|Contra dancers at a ball in New Hampshire, United States (silent video)]] Uburyo bwinshi bwo kubyina butanga imyidagaduro kumyaka yose n'imico. Imbyino irashobora kuba ikomeye mumajwi, nkigihe ikoreshwa mukugaragaza amateka yumuco cyangwa inkuru zingenzi; birashobora gushotorana; cyangwa irashobora gushira muri serivisi yo gusetsa. Kubera ko ihuza uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura - umuziki, ingendo, kuvuga inkuru, ikinamico - itanga urugero rwiza rwuburyo butandukanye ubwo buryo bushobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango habeho imyidagaduro kubikorwa bitandukanye nababumva. Imbyino "ni uburyo bwo kwerekana umuco" butarimo ababyinnyi gusa, ahubwo " abakora choreografiya, abateranye, abakunzi hamwe na impresarios&nbsp;... guturuka ku isi yose no mu bihe bitandukanye cyane. " Haba muri Afurika, Aziya cyangwa Uburayi, imbyino zihora ziganira ku bijyanye na politiki, imibereho, iy'umwuka ndetse n'ubuhanzi. " [99] Nubwo imigenzo yo kubyina ishobora kugarukira ku muco umwe, bose baratera imbere. Kurugero, muri Afrika, hariho "Imbyino za Dahomean, imbyino za Hausa, imbyino za [[Abamasayi|Masai]] nibindi." [100] Ballet ni urugero rwimbyino zateye imbere cyane zo mu Burengerazuba zimukiye mu makinamico kuva mu rukiko rw’Ubufaransa mu gihe cya Louis XIV, ababyinnyi babaye abahanzi bakina amakinamico. Imbyino zimwe na zimwe, nka quadrille, imbyino ya kare "yagaragaye mu myaka ya Napoleon mu Bufaransa" [102] n'indi mbyino zo mu gihugu zigeze gukundwa mu materaniro mbonezamubano nk'imipira, ariko ubu ni gake byakozwe. Ku rundi ruhande, imbyino nyinshi za rubanda ( nk'imbyino zo muri Scottish Highland n'imbyino zo muri Irilande ), zahindutse mu marushanwa, mu kwiyongera ku babumva, zongereye agaciro imyidagaduro. "Ikinamico yo muri Irilande, rimwe na rimwe igaragaramo intambwe gakondo n'umuziki bya Irlande, yateye imbere mu mbyino ikomeye kandi izwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga." Kubera ko imbyino akenshi "zifitanye isano numubiri wumugore nubunararibonye bwabagore", ababyinnyi b’abakobwa, babyina kwidagadura, rimwe na rimwe babonaga ko batandukanye n’abagore "biyubashye" kuko "bakoresha imibiri yabo kugira ngo babeho aho kubihisha bishoboka cyane ". Imyitwarire ya societe kubabyinnyi b'abakobwa iterwa n'umuco, amateka yarwo n'imyidagaduro ubwayo. Kurugero, mugihe imico imwe n'imwe ifata imbyino iyo ari yo yose yakozwe nabagore nk "" uburyo bwo kwidagadura buteye isoni ", indi mico yashyizeho ibibuga nka clubs za strip aho imbyino zishingiye ku bushake cyangwa zishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina nka striptease zikorwa mu ruhame n’ababyinnyi b’abagore babigize umwuga ahanini abagabo bumva. Ubutegetsi butandukanye bwa politiki bwashatse kugenzura cyangwa kubuza kubyina cyangwa ubwoko bwihariye bwo kubyina, rimwe na rimwe kubera kutemera umuziki cyangwa imyenda bifitanye isano nayo. Gukunda igihugu, gutegekesha igitugu n'ivanguramoko byagize uruhare mu guhagarika imbyino cyangwa kubyina. Kurugero, mugihe cyubutegetsi bwabanazi, imbyino zabanyamerika nka swing, zifatwa nk "" Abadage rwose "," zabaye icyaha rusange kandi cyari gikenewe guhagarikwa ". Mu buryo nk'ubwo, i Shanghai, mu Bushinwa, mu myaka ya za 1930, "kubyina no mu tubyiniro twa nijoro byari bigamije kwerekana ikirenga cyugarije umuryango w'Abashinwa" kandi abayobozi bibajije niba "ubundi buryo bwo kwidagadura nk'uburaya" nabwo bugomba guhagarikwa. Kubuza byagize ingaruka zo gukora "kubyina craze" kurushaho. Muri Irilande, Itegeko ry’imbyino rusange ryo mu 1935 "ryabujijwe - ariko ntiryigeze rihagarara - kubyina ku masangano no mu zindi mbyino zizwi cyane nko kubyina inzu n'imbyino." Muri Amerika, imbyino zitandukanye zigeze kubuzwa, haba kubera nka burlesque, batangaga ibitekerezo, cyangwa kubera ko, nka Twist, bari bafitanye isano nabanyamerika. "Ababyinnyi b'Abanyamerika b'Abanyamerika basanzwe babujijwe gukora ibitaramo bya minstrel kugeza nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu. Imbyino zirashobora gukorwa wenyine (1, 4) muri babiri, (2, 3); mu matsinda, (5, 6, 7); cyangwa n'abahanzi benshi (10). Bashobora gutezimbere (4, 8) cyangwa koreografiya cyane (1, 2, 5, 10); bidatinze kwidagadura kugiti cyawe, (nkigihe abana batangiye kubyinira ubwabo); abumva ku giti cyabo, (4); abumva bishyura (2); isi yose (10); cyangwa abumva bashishikajwe nimbyino runaka (3, 5). Bashobora kuba igice cyibirori, nkubukwe cyangwa umwaka mushya (6, 8); cyangwa umuhango wumuco ufite intego yihariye, nkimbyino yabarwanyi nka haka (7). Imbyino zimwe, nk'imbyino gakondo muri 1 na ballet muri 2, zikeneye ubuhanga buhanitse cyane n'amahugurwa; abandi, nkibishobora, bisaba urwego rwo hejuru cyane rwingufu nubuzima bwiza. Gushimisha abumva ni igice gisanzwe cyimbyino ariko umubiri wacyo akenshi utanga umunezero kubabyinnyi ubwabo (9)<gallery class="center" caption="Dance – 10 types across 10 cultures" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Korea-Andong-Hahoe Folk Village-Thai dancer-01.jpg|'''1''' Umubyinnyi gakondo (Tayilande) File:Harlekin Columbine Tivoli Denmark.jpg|'''2''' [[Harlequinade|Harlequin na Columbine]] (Danemarke) File:Ballroom dance exhibition.jpg|'''3''' [[Ballroom dance|Kubyinira mu rubyiniro]] (Repubulika ya Ceki) File:Belly dancer dancing in Morocco.jpg|'''4''' [[Belly dance|Umubyinnyi w'inda]] (Maroc) File:Morris dancing at Berwick St John - geograph.org.uk - 903611.jpg|'''5''' [[Morris dance|Morris kubyina]] (Ubwongereza) File:Allan-highlandwedding1780.jpg|'''6''' [[Scottish Highlands|Highland]] ubukwe (Scotland, 1780) File:Mt Hagen Cultural Show PNG 2008.jpg|Ababyinnyi '''7''' b'abarwanyi (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée) File:Fire Dragon dance.jpg|'''8''' Fire Dragon kubyina [[Chinese New Year|umwaka mushya w'ubushinwa]] File:Bhangra 1.jpg|[[Bhangra (dance)|Ababyinnyi]] '''9 ba''' [[Bhangra (dance)|Bhangra]] mu [[International Children's Festival|iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’abana]] File:Arirang Mass Games, Pyongyang, North Korea-1.jpg|Abana '''10''' mu [[Mass Games|mikino rusange]] (Koreya y'Amajyaruguru) </gallery> ==== Inyamaswa ==== Inyamaswa zakoreshejwe muburyo bwo kwidagadura imyaka ibihumbi. Bahigwaga kwidagadura (bitandukanye no guhiga ibiryo); yerekanwe mugihe bahiga umuhigo; barebye iyo bahanganye; bakareba mugihe bakora imyitozo yatojwe yo kwishimisha kwabantu. Urugero, Abanyaroma bashimishijwe n'amarushanwa arimo inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'ibikorwa byakozwe n'inyamaswa zatojwe. Barebaga uko "intare n'idubu byabyinaga umuziki w'imiyoboro na cybali; amafarashi yatojwe gupfukama, kunama, kubyina no kwinezeza ... acrobats ihindura intoki hejuru y'intare zo mu gasozi no kuzerera hejuru y'ingwe." Habayeho "guhangana urugomo ninyamaswa zo mu gasozi" kandi "ibitaramo uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana no kumena amaraso". Inyamaswa zikora imyitozo yatojwe cyangwa "ibikorwa" byo kwidagadura kwabantu zirimo ibihuru muri sirusi ya fla, dolphine muri dolphinariya, ninguge zikora amayeri kubateze amatwi mu izina ryumukinnyi wurwego rwumuhanda. Amatungo yabitswe muri pariki mu bihe bya kera yakundaga kubikwa kugirango akoreshwe mu kibuga nk'imyidagaduro cyangwa agaciro kabo ko kwidagadura nka exotica. Amarushanwa menshi hagati yinyamaswa ubu afatwa nkimikino - urugero, gusiganwa ku mafarashi bifatwa nka siporo nisoko yingenzi yimyidagaduro. Ingaruka y’ubukungu bivuze ko nayo ifatwa nkinganda zisi, aho amafarashi atwarwa neza kwisi yose kugirango ahatane mumarushanwa. Muri Ositaraliya, isiganwa ry'amafarashi ryiruka ku munsi w'igikombe cya Melbourne ni umunsi w'ikiruhuko kandi abaturage bafata iryo siganwa nk'ibikorwa ngarukamwaka. Kimwe no gusiganwa ku mafarashi, gusiganwa ku ngamiya bisaba abatwara abantu, mu gihe kwiruka kwa gryhound sibyo. Abantu basanga bishimishije kureba inyamaswa ziruka kurushanwa, zaba zaratojwe, nk'amafarashi, ingamiya cyangwa imbwa, cyangwa idatojwe, nk'inyenzi. Gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro akenshi ntibivugwaho rumwe, cyane cyane guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Amarushanwa amwe hagati yinyamaswa, iyo imyidagaduro ikunzwe na rubanda, yabaye itegeko kubera ubugome burimo. Muri ibyo harimo siporo yamaraso nko kuroba idubu, kurwanya imbwa no kurwanya inkoko. Andi marushanwa arimo inyamanswa akomeje kutavugwaho rumwe kandi afite abayashyigikiye n'abayanga. Kurugero, amakimbirane hagati yabatavuga rumwe n’iraswa ry'inuma babona ko ari "imyitozo y'ubugome kandi iteye isoni mu kwerekana ibimenyetso, n'abayishyigikiye babona ko ari imyidagaduro" yageragejwe mu rukiko. Guhiga imbwebwe, bikubiyemo gukoresha amafarasi kimwe n’imbwa, no kurwanya ibimasa, bifite ibice bikomeye byerekana amakinamico, ni imyidagaduro ibiri ifite amateka maremare kandi akomeye. Byombi birimo inyamaswa kandi zifatwa nkimikino, imyidagaduro cyangwa umuco gakondo. Mu mashyirahamwe yashyizweho kugira ngo aharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa harimo bamwe bafite impungenge zirimo gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro. Icyakora, "mu bihe byinshi by’amatsinda aharanira inyungu z’inyamanswa n’imiryango ishinjwa guhohotera inyamaswa, impande zombi zifite umuco." <gallery class="center" caption="Animals used for entertainment" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Ala-uddin and Mahima hunting.JPG|'Ala'ud-Din na Mahima Dharma [[Tiger hunting|bahiga]] [[Tiger|ingwe mu]] gihe bari bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye, [[Punjab]], [[South Asia|Aziya y'Epfo]], 1790 File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Arabische man met twee gedresseerde aapjes aan de ketting TMnr 60020423.jpg|[[Monkey|Inguge]] yatojwe iririmbira abana (1900–20) File:Pharlap1930melbournecup.jpg|Imbaga y'abantu ireba [[Pharlap|Pharlap itwara]] igikombe cya [[Melbourne Cup|Melbourne]] muri Ositaraliya, 1930 File:San marcos bullfight 04.jpg|Imbaga y'abantu ireba [[Bullfighting|ibimasa]] muri Mexico, 2010 </gallery> ==== Circus ==== [[File:Cirque_Soleil_Stilt_1.jpg|thumb| Abana bashimishijwe numugenzi ugenda ukora igitaramo]] Sirus, isobanurwa ngo "bumwe mu buryo bwo kwinezeza cyane mu myidagaduro", ni ubwoko bwihariye bwo kwerekana amakinamico, burimo ubuhanga butandukanye bwumubiri nka acrobatics na jugling ndetse rimwe na rimwe bukora inyamaswa. Mubisanzwe bitekerezwa nkurugendo rwurugendo rwakozwe hejuru nini, sirusi yabanje gukorerwa ahantu hahoraho. Philip Astley afatwa nkuwashinze siki ya kijyambere mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 18 naho Jules Léotard numuhanzi wigifaransa washimiwe guteza imbere ibihangano bya trapeze, bifatwa nkibisobanuro bya sirusi. Astley yahurije hamwe ibitaramo byari bisanzwe bizwi mu imurikagurisha gakondo ry’Abongereza "byibuze kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17": "gutitira, kubyina imigozi, gukina, amayeri n'ibindi". Byaravuzwe ko "nta sano ihari iri hagati y’umuziki w’Abaroma na sirusi yo muri iki gihe. ... Hagati y’irimbuka rya 'sirus' y’Abaroma n’ishingwa rya Amphitheater ya Astley i Londres nyuma yimyaka 1300, ikintu cyegereye cyane ku mpeta ya sirusi yari uruziga rukomeye rwakozwe n'abarebaga amatsiko bateraniye hafi ya tumbler cyangwa jugler ku cyatsi kibisi. " ==== Ubumaji ==== Uburyo bwo kwidagadura buzwi nkubumaji bwa stage cyangwa guhuza no kumenyekana nkibikorwa, bushingiye kumigenzo ninyandiko zimihango yubumaji na dogma zagiye zigizwe numuco gakondo kuva kera. . Ubumaji bwa stage bukorerwa abumva mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye hamwe nahantu: kuri stage, kuri tereviziyo, mumuhanda, no gutura mubirori cyangwa ibirori. Bikunze guhuzwa nubundi buryo bwo kwidagadura, nka comedi cyangwa umuziki ndetse no kwerekana akenshi ni igice cyingenzi mubikorwa byubumaji. Ubumaji bukora bushingiye kuburiganya, gukoresha imitekerereze ya psychologiya, kwica amaboko nubundi buryo bwamayeri kugirango uhe abumva igitekerezo cyuko umuhanzi ashobora kugera kubidashoboka. Abateze amatwi batangajwe n'ibikorwa bya stunt no guhunga ibikorwa bya Harry Houdini, nk'urugero, bamufata nk'umupfumu. Abapfumu ba Fantasy bafite umwanya wingenzi mubuvanganzo mu binyejana byinshi, batanga imyidagaduro kubasomyi babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Abapfumu b'ibyamamare nka Merlin mu migani ya Arthurian banditswe kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 n'icya 6, mu gihe mu kinyejana cya 21, umupfumu ukiri muto Harry Potter yabaye ibintu by'imyidagaduro ku isi igihe urukurikirane rw'ibitabo kuri we rwagurishije kopi zigera kuri miliyoni 450 (nko kuri Kamena 2011), kuyigira urutonde rwibitabo byagurishijwe cyane mumateka. ==== Imikorere/Imyiyerekano yo mumuhanda ==== [[File:Didgeridoo_street_player.jpg|thumb| Umukinnyi wa Didgeridoo ashimisha abahisi mumuhanda]] Imyidagaduro yo mumuhanda, imikorere yumuhanda cyangwa "busking" nuburyo bwo gukora bwagiye bukemura ibibazo byabaturage mu binyejana byinshi. Byari "ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa Londres", nk'urugero, igihe umujyi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 "wari wuzuye ibintu byinshi kandi bitandukanye". Minstrels cyangwa ibibazo biri mubice gakondo. Ubuhanzi nogukora bisi biracyizihizwa muminsi mikuru ya busking. Hariho uburyo butatu bwibanze bwimikorere yumuhanda. Ifishi yambere ni "uruziga rwerekana". Ikunda guteranya imbaga, mubisanzwe ifite intangiriro nimpera yihariye, kandi bigakorwa hamwe namakinamico yo kumuhanda, gukinisha ibipupe, abapfumu, abanyarwenya, acrobats, jugler ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'abacuranzi. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bwo kuba bwinjiza amafaranga menshi kubabikora kuko hashobora kuba hari impano nyinshi zituruka kubantu benshi niba bashimishijwe nigikorwa. Abatwara bisi nziza bagenzura imbaga kugirango abakiriya batabuza kugenda ibirenge. Ifishi ya kabiri, kugenda-bikorwa, nta ntangiriro cyangwa iherezo ryihariye. Mubisanzwe, busker itanga ibidukikije bishimishije, akenshi hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe, kandi abumva ntibashobora guhagarara kureba cyangwa gushinga imbaga. Rimwe na rimwe, kugenda-byikora ubwabyo bihinduka uruziga. Ifishi ya gatatu, café busking, ikorwa ahanini muri resitora, muri salo, mu tubari no muri café. Ubu bwoko bwibikorwa rimwe na rimwe bukoresha transport rusange nkahantu. ==== Parade ==== Parade ikorwa murwego rwintego, akenshi zirenze imwe. Niba imyifatire yabo yaba sombre cyangwa ibirori, kuba ibirori rusange bigamije gukurura ibitekerezo nibikorwa byanze bikunze byerekeza mumodoka isanzwe, parade ifite agaciro keza ko kwidagadura kubabumva. Cavalcades na variant kijyambere, ku motorcade, ni ingero ingendo Leta. Abantu bamwe bareba parade cyangwa umutambagiro bashobora kuba barashyizeho umwete udasanzwe wo kwitabira, mugihe abandi babaye bamwe mubateze amatwi bibaye. Ibyo ari byo byose uko bameze cyangwa intego yibanze, parade ikurura kandi igashimisha abantu babareba bahanyuze. Rimwe na rimwe, igitaramo kibera ahantu habera amakinamico (nka Trooping the Color in '''8''' ) kandi amatike agurishwa kubantu baboneka mugihe abitabiriye isi yose bitabira binyuze mukwamamaza. Bumwe mu buryo bwa mbere bwa parade ni "intsinzi" - kwerekana bikomeye kandi byerekana ubutunzi bw'amahanga n'iminyago, byatanzwe n'abajenerali b'Abaroma batsinze kugira ngo bishimire intsinzi yabo. Berekanye ubwoko bwatsinzwe namahanga yazamuye icyubahiro cyuwatsinze. "Mu ci ryo mu 46 BGC Julius Sezari yahisemwo kwihimbaza intsinzi enye zabaye mu minsi itandukanye zimara ukwezi." Mu Burayi kuva mu myaka yo hagati kugeza muri Baroque Ubwinjiriro bwa cyami bwizihije uruzinduko rw’umwami mu mujyi hamwe na parade binyuze mu mihanda itatse neza, banyura mu bitaramo bitandukanye. Imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka rya Lord Mayor ryabereye i Londres ni urugero rwa parade yabenegihugu yabayeho kuva mu gihe cyagati. Iminsi mikuru myinshi y’amadini (cyane cyane iyinjizamo ingendo, nk'icyumweru gitagatifu cyangwa umunsi mukuru wa Holi wo mu Buhinde) ifite imyidagaduro yiyongera ku ntego zabo zikomeye. Rimwe na rimwe, imihango y'idini yarahinduwe cyangwa ihinduka imyidagaduro y'isi, cyangwa nka Festa del Redentore muri Veneziya, bashoboye kwiyongera mu kwamamara mu gihe bafite intego z’isi ndetse n'izera. Icyakora, ingendo, nk'urugendo rutagatifu Gatolika rw'Abaroma rwinzira ya Mutagatifu James, Hija y'Abayisilamu na Kumbh Mela y'Abahindu, ishobora kugaragara ku bantu bo hanze nk'imyigaragambyo ishimishije cyangwa urugendo, ntabwo igamije nk'imyidagaduro: ahubwo ni hafi urugendo rwumwuka. Kubwibyo, umubano hagati yabarebera nuwitabira, bitandukanye nimyidagaduro ikwiye, iratandukanye. Uburyo Kumbh Mela, nk'urugero, "yatandukanijwe n'imico yarwo kandi igasubirwamo kugira ngo iburengerazuba bukoreshwe - bituma habaho abaterankunga bitera ikibazo cyane." x Muri rusange parade irashimisha kandi ikanezeza kenshi ushizemo imyambarire idasanzwe, amabara (7, 10). Rimwe na rimwe baribuka (5, 8) cyangwa bakizihiza (1, 4, 6, 8, 9). Rimwe na rimwe baba bafite intego ikomeye, nkigihe iyo contexte ari igisirikare (1, 2, 5), mugihe umugambi ari rimwe na rimwe gutera ubwoba; cyangwa abanyamadini, mugihe abumva bashobora kwitabira cyangwa bafite uruhare (6, 7, 10). Nubwo parade ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi ikaba iri kure (9), birashoboka ko yakundwa cyane, ikurura abayireba kandi ikabashimisha <gallery class="center" caption="Parades – 10 types, six cultures" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Triunphus Caesaris plate 6 - Andreani.jpg|'''1''' Intsinzi ya Sezari, Andreani (1588/9) File:Alfred Jacob Miller - Cavalcade - Walters 371940199.jpg|'''2''' [[Alfred Jacob Miller]] ''Cavalcade'' [[Snake Indians|nabahinde b'inzoka]] (1858–60) File:Edmund Blair Leighton - 1816.jpg|'''3''' Parade uhereye kubareba (1816) File:William McKinley 1901 inauguration.ogv|'''4''' [[United States presidential inauguration|Igitaramo cyo gutangiza]] Perezida wa Amerika [[William McKinley|McKinley]] (1897) File:1945 Eelde Canadezen.jpg|'''5''' ikinyabupfura sinzi ku [[motorcade]] mu Canada (1945) File:Anant Chaturdashi.jpg|'''6''' [[Ganesh Visarjan]], Mumbai (2007) File:West Indian Day Parade 2008-09-01 man in costume.jpg|Imyambarire '''7''' muri parade yumunsi wu Buhinde (2008) File:Trooping the Colour March on.JPG|'''8''' Ibirori byo kwizihiza i Londres mbere yabicaye (2008) File:Red Arrows over the Mall.JPG|'''9''' [[Flypast]] (2012) File:Desfile Portela 2014 (906185).jpg|'''10''' [[Rio Carnival|Ibirori byo kwizihiza iminsi mikuru muri Berezile]] (2014) </gallery> ==== Fireworks ==== [[File:Medellín-Juegos_pirotécnicos_bicentenario-11.jpg|thumb| Indorerezi kuri Bicentennial fireworks muri Kolombiya]] Fireworks ni igice cyimyidagaduro myinshi kandi yagumanye kwamamara kuva aho babaye "ikamba ryimyidagaduro yibirori" mu kinyejana cya 17. Byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Bushinwa, ibya kera bya kera ndetse n’Uburayi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, imiriro yakunzwe cyane mu kinyejana cya 18 kandi hishyuwe ibiciro byinshi ku ba pyrotechniste, cyane cyane abataliyani babishoboye, bahamagajwe mu bindi bihugu kugira ngo bategure kwerekana. Umuriro n'amazi byari ibintu by'ingenzi byarebaga urukiko kubera ko ibyerekanwe "byatewe n'umuriro, urusaku rutunguranye, umwotsi n'ubwiza rusange muri rusange amarangamutima yatekerezaga ko akwiriye ingingo yo gushimisha umutegetsi we: ubwoba bwo gutinya no kumva ko afite icyubahiro gitandukanye n'imbaraga ze. . Amavuko, iminsi-izina, ubukwe na anniversaire byatanze umwanya wo kwizihiza. " Bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane bwakoreshejwe mu rukiko gukoresha imirishyo ni imwe yakoreshejwe mu kwishimira ko Intambara yo kuzungura kwa Otirishiya irangiye kandi mu gihe inkongi y'umuriro ubwayo yateje inkongi y'umuriro, Umuziki uherekejwe na Royal Fireworks wanditswe na Handel wamamaye kuva icyo gihe. Usibye uruhare rwabo mu myidagaduro ijyanye no gutsinda kwa gisirikare, kwerekana mu rukiko no kwizihiza umuntu ku giti cye, fireworks nayo ikoreshwa mu rwego rw’imihango y’idini. Kurugero, mugihe cyumuhinde Dashavatara Kala wa Gomantaka "imana yurusengero irazenguruka mumyigaragambyo hamwe no kuririmba, kubyina no kwerekana imirishyo myinshi". "Umuriro, urusaku rutunguranye n'umwotsi" bya fireworks biracyafite uruhare runini mu kwizihiza no kwidagadura. Kurugero, fireworks yari bumwe muburyo bwibanze bwo kwerekana bwatoranijwe kugirango twizihize imyaka igihumbi ku isi. Mugihe isaha yakubise mu gicuku na 1999 iba 2000, kwerekana fireworks hamwe n’ibirori byo mu kirere byasuhuzaga umwaka mushya kuko ibihe byahindutse bikageza mu kinyejana gitaha. Fireworks, yateguwe neza kandi yerekana koreografiya, yarekuwe inyuma yinyubako nyinshi zizwi kwisi, harimo ikiraro cya Sydney Harbour, Pyramide ya Giza muri Egiputa, Acropolis muri Atenayi, Square Red i Moscou, Umujyi wa Vatikani i Roma, Irembo rya Brandenburg i Berlin, umunara wa Eiffel i Paris, n'umunara wa Elizabeth i Londres. === Siporo === [[File:Tifosi_fiorentina.jpg|thumb| Gusezerana kwabaterankunga kuva imbaga yabakunzi ba siporo yabataliyani]] [[File:2010_FIFA_World_Cup_Fans.jpg|thumb| Gusezerana kwabaterankunga nabafana ba Afrika yepfo kugikombe cyisi cya 2010]] Amarushanwa ya siporo yamye atanga imyidagaduro kubantu. Gutandukanya abakinnyi nabakurikirana, aba nyuma bazwi nkabareba. Iterambere mu bibuga bya sitade no mu nzu mberabyombi, kimwe no mu gufata amajwi no gutangaza amakuru, byatumye abarebera hanze y’ikibuga bareba siporo, bivamo ko umubare w’abaterana wagiye wiyongera kandi siporo y’abareba igenda ikundwa cyane. Imikino ibiri ikunzwe cyane kwisi yose ni umupira wamaguru hamwe na cricket. Amarushanwa yabo ya nyuma mpuzamahanga, igikombe cyisi cya FIFA nigikombe cyisi cya Cricket, aratangazwa kwisi yose. Kurenga umubare munini cyane ugira uruhare mu gukina iyi siporo, barazwiho kuba isoko nyamukuru yimyidagaduro kuri miliyoni nyinshi zabatari abakinnyi kwisi yose. Imikino igereranywa nibyiciro byinshi, birebire kandi bikunzwe kwisi yose ni Tour de France, ntibisanzwe kuko ibera hanze ya stade idasanzwe, ikorerwa aho mucyaro. Usibye siporo ifite abantu benshi ku isi ndetse n'amarushanwa, nk'imikino Olempike, agaciro k'imyidagaduro ya siporo gashingiye ku muco ndetse n'igihugu abantu bakiniraho. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, imikino ya baseball na basketball nuburyo bwo kwidagadura buzwi; muri Bhutani, siporo y'igihugu ni umuheto; muri Nouvelle-Zélande, ni ubumwe bwa rugby; muri Irani, ni ugusiganwa ku buntu. Ubuyapani budasanzwe bwa sumo kurwana burimo ibintu byimihango bikomoka mumateka maremare. Rimwe na rimwe, nk'itsinda mpuzamahanga ryiruka Hash House Harrier, abitabiriye amahugurwa bashiraho uruvange rwa siporo n'imyidagaduro ubwabo, ahanini batitaye ku ruhare rw'abareba, aho usanga imibereho ari ngombwa kuruta guhatana. Ubwihindurize bwibikorwa muri siporo hanyuma imyidagaduro nayo igira ingaruka ku kirere cyaho. Kurugero, siporo igezweho yo guswera ifitanye isano na Hawaii naho iy'umukino wo gusiganwa ku rubura birashoboka ko yahindutse muri Scandinavia. Mugihe iyi siporo n'imyidagaduro baha abarebera hirya no hino ku isi, abantu bo mu bihugu byombi bikomokaho bakomeje kumenyekana kubera ubuhanga bwabo. Rimwe na rimwe, ikirere gitanga amahirwe yo guhuza indi siporo nko mu mukino wa Hockey - imyidagaduro ikomeye muri Kanada === Imurikagurisha, imurikagurisha, guhaha === Imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha byabayeho kuva kera na kera, byerekana ubutunzi, udushya nibintu byo gucuruza no gutanga imyidagaduro yihariye kimwe n’ahantu ho kwidagadurira ubwabo. Haba mu isoko ryo hagati cyangwa mu iduka rito, "guhaha buri gihe byatangaga uburyo bwo kwishima bwakuye umuntu kumunsi". Ariko, mw'isi ya none, "gucuruza byahindutse imyidagaduro: ibimenyetso bizunguruka, ibimenyetso bimurika, kuvuza umuziki ... ecran ya videwo, kiosque ya mudasobwa ikora, kwita ku munsi .. cafés". Mu kinyejana cya 19, "expos" zashishikarizaga ubuhanzi, inganda n'ubucuruzi byari bimaze kuba mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bari bakunzwe cyane ahubwo banagize ingaruka kubitekerezo mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris 1878 ryorohereje ubufatanye mpuzamahanga kubyerekeye ibitekerezo, guhanga udushya. Kuva i Londres 1851 kugeza i Paris 1900, "abashyitsi barenga miliyoni 200 bari binjiye mu modoka i Londres, Paris, Vienne, Philadelphia, Chicago ndetse n'ibitaramo byinshi bito ku isi." Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose "hasuwe miliyoni zirenga 500 zanditswe binyuze mu kwerekana imurikagurisha ku isi". Mu rwego rwo kwidagadura no kwidagadura, imurikagurisha ryagize ingaruka ku "bintu byose uhereye ku myubakire, ku buryo isi igenda ihinduka, kugeza ku bintu by'ibanze biranga umuntu" kandi muri icyo gihe hashyizweho umubano wa hafi hagati y '"imurikagurisha, izamuka ry’amaduka y’ibiro ndangamurage n’ubuhanzi", isi igezweho yo gukoresha imbaga ninganda zidagadura. <gallery class="center" caption="Entertainment in expositions and shops" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Paris 1889 plakat.jpg|Kwamamaza muri 1889 Paris Kumurikagurisha Ryose File:Qatar's Pavillion at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai.jpg|Abateze amatwi batonze umurongo wa Qatar ku imurikagurisha ry’isi muri Shanghai World Expo 2010 File:Ballpit.jpg|[[Ball pit|Umupira wumupira]] wubwoko buteganyirizwa imyidagaduro y'abana mu maduka </gallery> == Umutekano == Mu kinyejana cya 19, "expos" zashishikarizaga ubuhanzi, inganda n'ubucuruzi byari bimaze kuba mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bari bakunzwe cyane ahubwo banagize ingaruka kubitekerezo mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris 1878 ryorohereje ubufatanye mpuzamahanga kubyerekeye ibitekerezo, guhanga udushya. Kuva i Londres 1851 kugeza i Paris 1900, "abashyitsi barenga miliyoni 200 bari binjiye mu modoka i Londres, Paris, Vienne, Philadelphia, Chicago ndetse n'ibitaramo byinshi bito ku isi." Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose "hasuwe miliyoni zirenga 500 zanditswe binyuze mu kwerekana imurikagurisha ku isi". Nuburyo bwo kwidagadura no kwidagadura, imurikagurisha ryagize ingaruka ku "bintu byose uhereye ku bwubatsi, ku buryo isi igenda iba, ku bintu by'ibanze biranga umuntu" kandi muri icyo gihe hashyizweho umubano wa hafi hagati y "imurikagurisha, kuzamuka o Imyidagaduro imwe n'imwe, nko mu minsi mikuru minini ( yaba abanyamadini cyangwa ab'isi), ibitaramo, clubs, ibirori n'ibirori, birimo imbaga nyamwinshi. Kuva kera, imbaga y'abantu mu myidagaduro yagiye ihuza ibyago n'akaga, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kwidagadura mu buryo bwo kwidagadura busindisha nk'inzoga. Abagereki ba kera bari bafite Dionysian Amayobera, nk'urugero, hamwe n'Abaroma bari bafite Saturnalia.Ingaruka zo gukabya hamwe n'imbaga y'abantu zirashobora kuvutsa amahame mbwirizamuco mbonezamubano, rimwe na rimwe bigatera gukomeretsa cyangwa no gupfa, nk'urugero, mu gitaramo cya Altamont Free Concert, ibirori byo hanze. urutonde rwibintu bikomeye byabereye muri clubs nijoro birimo ibyatewe na stampede; ubucucike bwinshi; iterabwoba, nkibisasu byaturikiye muri Bali 2002 yibasiwe nijoro; cyane cyane umuriro. Iperereza, nk'iryo ryakorewe muri Amerika nyuma y’umuriro w’ijoro rya sitasiyo ya Sitasiyo akenshi ryerekana ko amasomo twize "ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’umuriro muri clubs nijoro" uhereye ku byabaye mbere nk’umuriro wa Cocoanut Grove "ntabwo byanze bikunze bivamo impinduka zirambye". Imbaraga zo gukumira ibyo bibazo zirimo gushyiraho abapolisi badasanzwe, nka Nyagasani wa Misrule wo mu kinyejana cya 5 cyangwa mu bihe bya none, abashinzwe umutekano bagenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira; kandi no gukomeza kunoza ibipimo bifatika nkibyubaka umutekano. Inganda z’ubukerarugendo ubu zifata umutekano n’umutekano aho imyidagaduro ari umurimo w’ingenzi mu micungire.f amaduka y’ishami n’ingoro ndangamurage ", isi igezweho yo gukoresha imbaga n’imyidagaduro. == Inganda == Nubwo abami, abategetsi n'abantu bakomeye bahoraga bashoboye kwishyura imyidagaduro ibateganyirijwe kandi akenshi bishyuye imyidagaduro rusange, abantu muri rusange bakoze imyidagaduro yabo cyangwa igihe bishoboka, bitabira igitaramo cya Live. Iterambere rya tekinoloji mu kinyejana cya 20 ryasobanuraga ko imyidagaduro ishobora gukorwa itisunze abayireba, igapakira kandi igurishwa ku bucuruzi n’inganda zidagadura. Rimwe na rimwe byitwa ubucuruzi bwerekana, inganda zishingiye kubikorwa byubucuruzi kugirango bitange umusaruro, isoko, gutangaza cyangwa gukwirakwiza ubundi buryo bwa gakondo, harimo nibikorwa byubwoko bwose. Inganda zabaye indashyikirwa kuburyo ubukungu bwarwo bwabaye igice cyihariye cyo kwiga amasomo. Inganda za firime nigice cyimyidagaduro. Ibigize muri byo harimo inganda za firime za Hollywood na Bollywood, ndetse na sinema yo mu Bwongereza ndetse na sinema zose z’Uburayi, harimo Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Espagne, Ubutaliyani n’abandi. Inganda zishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ni ikindi kintu kigize inganda zidagadura, zikoresha uburyo bumwe n’itangazamakuru (urugero, filime, ibitabo, imbyino n’ibindi bitaramo) mu iterambere, kwamamaza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bucuruzi. Pariki kwidagadurira bafise kwishyura abashyitsi na yicayeho, nko coasters igihini, ridable ntoya moshi, baragendera amazi, kandi umwijima yicayeho, ndetse n'ibindi n'amareshyo isano. Parike zubatswe ahantu hanini hagabanijwemo insanganyamatsiko yitwa "ubutaka". Rimwe ryose ho kwidagadurira ishingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko imwe, nko bitandukanye SeaWorld pariki ko kwibanda ku nsanganyamatsiko ubuzima nyanja. Imwe mu ngaruka ziterambere ryinganda zimyidagaduro ni uguhanga ubwoko bushya bwakazi. Mugihe imirimo nkumwanditsi, umucuranzi nuwayihimbye ibaho nkuko bisanzwe, abantu bakora uyu murimo birashoboka ko bazakoreshwa nisosiyete aho kuba patron nkuko byahoze. Imirimo mishya yagaragaye, nka gaffer cyangwa umugenzuzi udasanzwe ushinzwe ibikorwa bya firime, hamwe nabakozi muri parike yimyidagaduro. Ibihembo byicyubahiro bitangwa ninganda kubera kuba indashyikirwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura. Kurugero, hari ibihembo byumuziki, Imikino (harimo imikino ya videwo), Urwenya, Urwenya, Ikinamico, Televiziyo, Filime, Imbyino na Magic. Ibihembo bya siporo bikozwe kubisubizo n'ubuhanga, aho kuba agaciro k'imyidagaduro. <gallery class="center" caption="The entertainment industry" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Film reel.jpg|Imyidagaduro yuzuye 35mm ya [[Film reel|firime yerekana]] mumasanduku File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F079073-0006, Bonn, Sternstraße, Schallplattengeschäft.jpg|Guhitamo umuziki mububiko bwafashwe amajwi (Ubudage, 1988) File:LOceanogràfic, Ciudad de las artes y las ciencias, 2005, Valencia.jpg|Tike yerekana [[Barcode|kode ya]] elegitoronike (Valencia, 2005) </gallery> == Ubwubatsi == === Ubwubatsi bwo kwidagadura === Inzu zubatswe nintego nkibibuga by'imyidagaduro yakira abayirebye byatanze inyubako nyinshi zizwi kandi zigezweho, mubyamenyekanye cyane muri byo ni inzu yimikino. Ku Bagereki ba kera, "akamaro k'ubwubatsi bw'ikinamico ni ukugaragaza akamaro kabo ku baturage, byagaragaye mu rwibutso rwabo, mu mbaraga zashyizwe mu gishushanyo cyabo, no mu bwitonzi bwashyizwe mu magambo yabo." Nyuma Abanyaroma bateje imbere stade muburyo bwa oval izwi nka sirusi. Mu bihe bya none, zimwe mu nyubako nini zo kwidagadura zazanye imidugudu mu mijyi kimwe n'abayishushanyije. Urugero, Opera Inzu ya Sydney, ni Umurage w’isi kandi O and i Londres ni ikibuga cy’imyidagaduro kirimo ikibuga cyo mu nzu, club yumuziki, sinema n’ahantu ho kumurikwa. Bayreuth Festspielhaus mu Budage ni ikinamico yateguwe kandi yubatswe mu kwerekana ibihangano bimwe bya muzika Babiri mubyingenzi byubatswe muburyo bwo gushushanya ibibuga byabantu benshi ni umuvuduko wa egress n'umutekano. Umuvuduko aho ikibanza kirimo ubusa ni ngombwa haba mu mutekano no mu mutekano, kubera ko imbaga nyamwinshi ifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo itatanye ahantu hateganijwe nabi, biteza umutekano muke. Ibiza bya Hillsborough ni urugero rwukuntu ibintu bibi byubatswe bishobora kugira uruhare mu rupfu rwabumva. Sightlines na acoustics nazo zingenzi zitekerezwaho mubishushanyo mbonera. Mu kinyejana cya 21, ibibuga by'imyidagaduro, cyane cyane stadia, "birashoboka ko bizagaragara mu bwoko bw’imyubakire". Ariko, barasaba "uburyo bushya" bwo gushushanya, kuko bakeneye kuba "ibigo by'imyidagaduro bihanitse, ibibuga byuburambe, bishobora kwishimira muburyo butandukanye". Niyo mpamvu, abubatsi bagomba noneho gushushanya "bafite imirimo ibiri itandukanye mu mutwe, nka siporo n’imyidagaduro ikinira abayireba imbonankubone, ndetse na sitidiyo ya siporo n’imyidagaduro ikora ibisabwa byo kureba no gutega amatwi abumva kure". <gallery class="center" caption="Architecture for entertainment" widths="180" heights="150"> File:Colosseum in Rome, Italy - April 2007.jpg|[[Colosseum|Kolosayi]], [[Rome|Roma]] (70-80&nbsp;AD), ikibanza cy'Abaroma cyo kwidagadura File:Palais Garnier's grand salon, 12 February 2008.jpg|Grand Foyer muri [[Palais Garnier]], [[Paris]] (1875), yagize uruhare mubwubatsi kwisi yose. File:Maracana-predefinicao.jpg|[[Estádio do Maracanã|Maracanã]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], mu muhango wo gutangiza (1950) stade nini ku isi kubushobozi File:The O2 from the air.jpg|[[The O₂ (London)|Inzu y'imyidagaduro ya O₂]], [[London]] (2007) File:Flamingo Spa Vesipuisto.jpg|[[Flamingo, Finland|Ikigo cy'imyidagaduro cya Flamingo]], [[Vantaa]] (2008), gikubiyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye by'imyidagaduro (urugero: inzu yerekana [[Movie theater|sinema]], [[spa]], [[Bowling|gukubita]], [[Laser game|imikino ya laser]], uburambe busanzwe), amaduka 40 atandukanye na hoteri </gallery> === Ubwubatsi nk'imyidagaduro === [[File:Sleepingbeautycastle50.jpg|left|thumb| Inzu idafite ishingiro muri parike yimyidagaduro ya Disneyland]] Abubatsi basunika imbibi zubushushanyo cyangwa ubwubatsi rimwe na rimwe barema inyubako zishimishije kuko zirenze ibyifuzo byabaturage ndetse nabakiriya kandi nibyiza cyane. Inyubako nka Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, yateguwe na Frank Gehry, ni ubu bwoko, ihinduka ubukerarugendo kimwe n’ingoro ndangamurage mpuzamahanga. Izindi nyubako zigaragara zikoreshwa rwose ni ibicucu, byubatswe nkana bigamije gushushanya kandi ntabwo bigamije kuba ingirakamaro. Kurundi ruhande, rimwe na rimwe ubwubatsi ni imyidagaduro, mugihe wigira nkibikorwa. Inganda zubukerarugendo, nkurugero, zirema cyangwa zivugurura inyubako nk "ibintu bikurura" bitigeze bikoreshwa cyangwa bidashobora gukoreshwa kubwintego zabo zigaragara. Ahubwo bongeye gutegurwa gushimisha abashyitsi kenshi bigana uburambe bwumuco. Inyubako, amateka nu mwanya wera rero bikozwe mubicuruzwa byo kugura. Ubukerarugendo nkana nkana bukurura inyubako zubutane kuva kera kugirango "itandukaniro riri hagati yukuri kwamateka n’ahantu ho kwidagadurira muri iki gihe / parike y’insanganyamatsiko biragoye kubisobanura". Ingero zirimo "kubungabunga Alcázar ya Toledo, hamwe n’amateka mabi y’intambara y’abenegihugu, guhindura imbohe z’abacakara mu bukerarugendo bukorerwa muri Gana, [urugero, Ikibuga cya Cape Coast] no kwerekana umuco w’abasangwabutaka muri Libiya". Inyubako zubatswe zidasanzwe muri parike zo kwidagadura zerekana insanganyamatsiko ya parike kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ukuri cyangwa gukora rwose. == Ingaruka ziterambere mubitangazamakuru bya elegitoroniki == === Kuba isi ihinduka === Mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 20, iterambere mubitangazamakuru bya elegitoronike ryatumye bishoboka kohereza ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kubantu benshi ku isi. Ikoranabuhanga ryafashaga abantu kubona, kumva no kugira uruhare muburyo bwose bumenyerewe - inkuru, ikinamico, umuziki, imbyino - aho batuye hose. Iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryimyidagaduro ryafashijwe no kunoza ibikoresho bibika amakuru nka kaseti kaseti cyangwa disiki zoroheje, hamwe no kongera miniaturizasi. Gukoresha mudasobwa no guteza imbere barcode nabyo byatumye itike yoroshye, byihuse kandi kwisi yose. === Ubusaza (Absolescence) === [[File:Crystal_radio_advertisement.png|thumb| Kwamamaza ikinyamakuru kuri radiyo ya kirisiti (1922)]] [[File:TV-Turm_Almaty_-_3.jpg|thumb| Umunara wa tereviziyo muri Almaty, Kazakisitani (wubatswe 1983)]] Mu myaka ya za 40, radio yari uburyo bwa elegitoronike bwo kwidagadura mu muryango no mu makuru. Mu myaka ya za 1950, televiziyo niyo yari igikoresho gishya kandi ihita ihinduka isi yose, izana imyidagaduro igaragara, ubanza umukara n'umweru, hanyuma ibara, ku isi. Kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, imikino yashoboraga gukinwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, hanyuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'intoki bitanga imyidagaduro igendanwa, ndetse no mu myaka icumi ishize yikinyejana cya 20, binyuze mu gukina urusobe. Hamwe nibicuruzwa biva mu myidagaduro, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kwidagadura bwabonetse ku giti cyanjye. Abantu ntibashoboraga guhitamo ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro gusa nkigice cyumuziki, firime cyangwa umukino, bashoboraga guhitamo umwanya n ahantu ho kubikoresha. "Ikwirakwizwa ry'abakinnyi b'ibitangazamakuru byikurura no kwibanda kuri mudasobwa nk'urubuga rwo gukoresha firime" hamwe byahinduye cyane uburyo abumva bahura na firime. Imwe mu ngaruka zigaragara ziterwa no kuzamuka kwimyidagaduro ya elegitoronike ni igihe cyashaje cyihuse cyuburyo butandukanye bwo gufata amajwi no kubika. Nkurugero rwumuvuduko wimpinduka ziyobowe nibitangazamakuru bya elegitoronike, mugihe cyibisekuru kimwe, tereviziyo nkigikoresho cyo kwakira ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byimyidagaduro byavuye mubitazwi, bijya mu gitabo, bijya hose kandi amaherezo byasimbuwe. Ikigereranyo kimwe ni uko mu 2011 ingo zirenga 30 ku ijana muri Amerika zaba zifite konsole ya Wii, "hafi ijanisha rimwe ryari rifite televiziyo mu 1953". Bamwe bari biteze ko hagati yimyaka icumi ya kabiri yikinyejana cya 21, imyidagaduro yo kuri interineti yari gusimbuza televiziyo rwose - bitabaye. Icyiswe "impinduramatwara ya digitale" cyabyaye isoko mpuzamahanga igenda itera ibibazo byateje ibibazo leta, ubucuruzi, inganda, nabantu ku giti cyabo, kuko bose bagerageza kubikomeza. Ndetse na stade y'imikino y'ejo hazaza izarushaho guhatana no kureba televiziyo "... mu rwego rwo guhumurizwa, umutekano ndetse no guhora mu makuru n'amajwi n'amashusho n'imyidagaduro bihari." Ibindi bigenda ku ngaruka ziterwa nihinduka rishobora kuba ririmo ibyubatswe rusange nk'ibitaro n'inzu zita ku bageze mu za bukuru, aho televiziyo, ifatwa nka serivisi y'imyidagaduro y'ingenzi ku barwayi ndetse n'abaturage, izakenera gusimburwa no kubona interineti. Muri icyo gihe, ibikenewe bikomeje kwidagadura nka "abashoramari babigize umwuga" byerekana gukomeza imyidagaduro gakondo === Guhuriza hamwe === Mu myaka icumi ya kabiri yikinyejana cya 21, gufata amajwi ya analogue byasimbuwe no gufata amajwi kandi uburyo bwose bwo kwidagadura bwa elegitoronike bwatangiye guhura. Kurugero, guhuza ni ingorabahizi mubikorwa bisanzwe mubikorwa bya firime: mugihe "gutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa byahoze bigenwa nicyumweru cya mbere cyatangiye. Uyu munsi, ... urukurikirane rwerekana 'Windows', nka DVD, kwishyura-kuri -kureba, na fibre-optique ya videwo-ku-bisabwa ikoreshwa mu kongera inyungu. " Bimwe mubyahinduwe ninganda nugusohora ibicuruzwa bishya byubucuruzi binyuze muri serivise zo kwakira amashusho. Guhuza itangazamakuru bivugwa ko birenze ikoranabuhanga: guhuza ni umuco kimwe. Nibindi "ni ibisubizo byimbaraga nkana zo kurengera inyungu zinzego zubucuruzi, ibigo bya politiki nandi matsinda". Kuba isi ihinduka hamwe na imperialism yumuco ningaruka ebyiri zumuco wo guhuza. Abandi barimo kuvuga inkuru zidasanzwe kandi zungurana ibitekerezo kimwe nuburyo francises imwe itangwa binyuze kandi bigira ingaruka muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga. "Ubwinshi butandukanye muburyo ibimenyetso bishobora kwakirwa no gupakirwa kubareba, binyuze kuri tereviziyo yo ku isi, icyogajuru cyangwa insinga, kandi birumvikana ko binyuze kuri interineti" bigira ingaruka no ku myidagaduro, nka stade ya siporo, ubu ikaba igomba gutegurwa. kugirango abumva bose baba kure kandi ba kure bashobore gukorana muburyo bugezweho - urugero, abumva bashobora "kureba ibintu byingenzi, guhamagara imibare", "gutumiza amatike nibicuruzwa" kandi muri rusange "gukanda mumitungo ya stade igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumunsi cyangwa nijoro. ". Itangizwa rya tereviziyo ryahinduye kuboneka, igiciro, ubwoko nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kubaturage kandi guhuza imyidagaduro kumurongo bigira ingaruka nkizo. Kurugero, ibishoboka no gukundwa kubikoresha byakozwe nabakoresha, nkuko bitandukanye nibicuruzwa byubucuruzi, birema "imiyoboro yabateze amatwi [ituma porogaramu itangira". Umuntu ku giti cye hamwe n’amasosiyete bakoresha serivise zo kwakira amashusho kugirango bamenyekanishe ibintu byemewe na rubanda nkimyidagaduro yemewe. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ryongera ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kandi ritanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga, impapuro zigizwe nibirimo ubwazo, birahagaze neza. Kuvuga inkuru, umuziki, ikinamico, imbyino n'imikino biramenyekana kimwe no mu binyejana byahise. == Reba kandi == * Amategeko yimyidagaduro * Ikigo cyimyidagaduro yumuryango * Urutonde rwimyidagaduro * Urucacagu rw'imyidagaduro * Gukora ubuhanzi == References == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 59pnfq6z22ni95gj3croimfl9xv4pfi 0 8727 77000 74780 2021-08-05T04:49:23Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kottabos_player_Louvre_G30.jpg|thumb|Imwe mu mikino ikoreshwa mu birori bikomeye muri Amerika uzwi ku izina rya Kottabos.]] [[Dosiye:Rasputina_at_the_Great_American_Music_Hall_2010.jpg|thumb|Umuziki mpuzamahanga uteye imbere ugamije gushimisha abantu]] Wikipediya:Umucungarubuga Jump to navigationJump to search Ibirori bikina kottabos numukobwa ukina aulos . Ubugereki ( c. 420 BGC ) </br> Ibirori n'umuziki byakomeje kuba imyidagaduro ibiri y'ingenzi kuva kera. Imyidagaduro nuburyo bwibikorwa bikurura ibitekerezo byabashitsi cyangwa bitanga umunezero nibyishimo. Birashobora kuba igitekerezo cyangwa umurimo, ariko birashoboka cyane kuba kimwe mubikorwa cyangwa ibintu byateye imbere mumyaka ibihumbi nibihumbi hagamijwe gukomeza gutega amatwi abumva. Nubwo abantu bitabwaho nibintu bitandukanye, kuberako abantu bafite ibyifuzo bitandukanye mubyimyidagaduro, uburyo bwinshi buramenyekana kandi buramenyerewe. Kuvuga inkuru, umuziki, ikinamico, imbyino, nuburyo butandukanye bwibikorwa bibaho mumico yose, byashyigikirwaga mu nkiko zumwami, bigatera imbere muburyo buhambaye kandi igihe cyagiye kiboneka kubenegihugu bose. Ibikorwa byihutishijwe mugihe cya none ninganda zidagadura zandika kandi zigurisha ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro. Imyidagaduro ihindagurika kandi irashobora guhuzwa nu rwego urwo arirwo rwose, uhereye kumuntu ku giti cye uhitamo imyidagaduro yihariye kuva murwego runini rwibicuruzwa byanditswe mbere; ku birori byahujwe na bibiri; ku bunini cyangwa ubwoko bw'ibirori, hamwe n'umuziki n'imbyino bikwiye; ku bitaramo bigenewe ibihumbi; ndetse no kubantu bose bumva isi. [[Dosiye:Paestum_Kottabos.jpg|thumb|Imiterere y'umukino ukundwa gukinwa n'abantu benshi muri Amerika uzwi nka Paestum Kottabos]] Ubunararibonye bwo kwidagadura bwaje guhuzwa cyane no kwinezeza, kuburyo imyumvire imwe ihuriweho nigitekerezo ishimishije no gusetsa, nubwo imyidagaduro myinshi ifite intego ikomeye. Ibi birashobora kumera muburyo butandukanye bwimihango, ibirori, ibirori byamadini, cyangwa gusebanya urugero. Kubwibyo, haribishoboka ko ikigaragara nkimyidagaduro gishobora no kuba inzira yo kugera kubushishozi cyangwa gukura mubwenge. Ikintu cyingenzi cyimyidagaduro ni abumva, bihindura imyidagaduro yihariye cyangwa imyidagaduro. Abumviriza barashobora kugira uruhara rudahwitse, nkuko bimeze kubantu bareba ikinamico, opera, televiziyo, cyangwa firime; cyangwa uruhare rwabateze amatwi rushobora kuba rukora, nko mugihe cyimikino, aho uruhare rwabitabiriye / abumva rushobora guhinduka. Imyidagaduro irashobora kuba rusange cyangwa iyigenga, irimo ibikorwa byemewe, byanditswe, nkuko bimeze mumikino cyangwa ibitaramo; cyangwa bitanditswe kandi byizana, nkuko bimeze mumikino y'abana. Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura bwakomeje mu binyejana byinshi, bigenda bihinduka bitewe nimpinduka zumuco, ikoranabuhanga, nimyambarire urugero hamwe nubumaji bwa stage. Filime nudukino twa videwo, kurugero, nubwo bakoresha itangazamakuru rishya, komeza kuvuga inkuru, kwerekana ikinamico, no gucuranga. Ibirori byeguriwe umuziki, firime, cyangwa imbyino bituma abumva bishimisha muminsi itari mike. Imyidagaduro imwe n'imwe, nk'iyicwa rusange, ubu ntibyemewe mu bihugu byinshi. Ibikorwa nko kuzitira cyangwa kurasa, bimaze gukoreshwa mu guhiga cyangwa mu ntambara, byahindutse siporo yo kureba. Muri ubwo buryo, ibindi bikorwa, nko guteka, byateye imbere mubikorwa byabanyamwuga, byateguwe nkamarushanwa yisi yose hanyuma bigatangazwa kwidagadura. Niki imyidagaduro kumurwi umwe cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye irashobora gufatwa nkakazi cyangwa igikorwa cyubugome nundi. Uburyo bwo kwidagadura bumenyerewe bufite ubushobozi bwo kwambuka ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye kandi bwerekanye ubushobozi busa nkaho butagira imipaka bwo guhanga remix. Ibi byashimangiye gukomeza no kuramba kwinsanganyamatsiko nyinshi, amashusho, nuburyo. Contents 1 Imitekerereze na filozofiya 2 Amateka 2.1 Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko 2.2 Igihano rusange 3 Abana 4 Ifishi 4.1 Ibirori 4.2 Umuziki 4.3 Imikino 4.4 Ubuvanganzo 4.5 Urwenya 4.6 Imikorere/Imyiyerekano 4.6.1 Kuvuga inkuru 4.6.2 Ikinamico 4.6.3 Sinema na firime 4.6.4 Imbyino 4.6.5 Inyamaswa 4.6.6 Circus 4.6.7 Ubumaji 4.6.8 Imikorere/Imyiyerekano yo mumuhanda 4.6.9 Parade 4.6.10 Fireworks 4.7 Siporo 4.8 Imurikagurisha, imurikagurisha, guhaha 5 Umutekano 6 Inganda 7 Ubwubatsi 7.1 Ubwubatsi bwo kwidagadura 7.2 Ubwubatsi nk'imyidagaduro 8 Ingaruka ziterambere mubitangazamakuru bya elegitoroniki 8.1 Kuba isi ihinduka 8.2 Ubusaza (Absolescence) 8.3 Guhuriza hamwe 9 Reba kandi 10 References Imitekerereze na filozofiya[edit | edit source] Imyidagaduro irashobora gutandukanywa nibindi bikorwa nkuburezi no kwamamaza nubwo bamenye gukoresha uburyo bwo kwidagadura kugirango bagere ku ntego zabo zitandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe, imyidagaduro irashobora kuba imvange kuri bombi. Akamaro n'ingaruka zo kwidagadura bizwi nintiti kandi ubuhanga bugenda bwiyongera byagize ingaruka mubikorwa mubindi bice nka museology. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu bavuga ko umurimo wo kwidagadura mu bitangazamakuru ari "kugera ku byishimo". Nta bindi bisubizo cyangwa inyungu zishobora gupimwa mubisanzwe (usibye wenda amanota yanyuma mumyidagaduro ya siporo). Ibi bitandukanye nuburezi (bwateguwe hagamijwe guteza imbere imyumvire cyangwa gufasha abantu kwiga) no kwamamaza (bigamije gushishikariza abantu kugura ibicuruzwa byubucuruzi). Ariko, itandukaniro riba urujijo mugihe uburezi bushaka kurushaho "kwishimisha" no kwidagadura cyangwa kwamamaza bishakisha "uburezi". Imvange nkiyi izwi cyane na neologism "edutainment" cyangwa "infotainment". Imitekerereze yimyidagaduro kimwe no kwiga yakoreshejwe kuriyi nzego zose. Bimwe mubyigisho-imyidagaduro nikigeragezo gikomeye cyo guhuza ibintu byiza byombi. Abantu bamwe bashimishwa nububabare bwabandi cyangwa igitekerezo cyo kutishima kwabo (schadenfreude). Imyidagaduro irashobora kurenga kunyurwa kandi igatanga ubushishozi mubayumva. Imyidagaduro irashobora gusuzuma ubuhanga ibibazo bya filozofiya ku isi hose nka: "Kuba umuntu bisobanura iki?"; "Ni ikihe kintu cyiza cyo gukora?"; cyangwa "Nabwirwa n'iki ibyo nzi?". "Ubusobanuro bw'ubuzima", nk'urugero, ni ingingo mu buryo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura, harimo filime, umuziki n'ubuvanganzo. Ibibazo nkibi bitera inkuru nyinshi namakinamico, yaba yatanzwe muburyo bwinkuru, film, ikinamico, igisigo, igitabo, imbyino, urwenya, cyangwa umukino. Ingero zidasanzwe zirimo Shakespeare ikinamico ikomeye Hamlet, intwari ye igaragaza izo mpungenge mubisigo; na firime, nka The Matrix, isobanura imiterere yubumenyi kandi yasohotse kwisi yose. Ibitabo bitanga umwanya munini wo gukora iperereza kuri izi nsanganyamatsiko mugihe zishimisha abasomyi babo. Urugero rwibikorwa bihanga bitekereza kubibazo bya filozofiya bishimishije kuburyo byatanzwe muburyo butandukanye ni igitabo cyitwa Hitchhiker to the Galaxy. Ubusanzwe urwenya kuri radio, iyi nkuru yamenyekanye cyane kuburyo yagaragaye nkigitabo, firime, serivise za tereviziyo, kwerekana ibyerekanwa, urwenya, igitabo cyamajwi, LP record, umukino wo kwinezeza numukino wo kumurongo, ibitekerezo byayo byabaye ibyamamare (reba Amagambo yo muri The Igitabo cya Hitchhiker kuri Galaxy) kandi cyahinduwe mu ndimi nyinshi. Insanganyamatsiko zayo zikubiyemo ubusobanuro bwubuzima, kimwe n "" imyitwarire yimyidagaduro, ubwenge bwubuhanga, isi myinshi, Imana, nuburyo bwa filozofiya ". Amateka[edit | edit source] Albert Bierstadt's Campfire yerekana inkuru, uburyo bwo kwidagadura kwisi yose Mosaic yerekana imyidagaduro y'Abaroma yari gutangwa mumikino ya gladiator, kuva mu kinyejana cya 1 "Ubukorikori bwa kera bwo kumenyekanisha ibyabaye nubunararibonye, ​​ukoresheje amagambo, amashusho, amajwi n'ibimenyetso" mu kuvuga inkuru ntabwo aribwo buryo abantu banyuzemo indangagaciro z'umuco n'imigenzo n'amateka yabo kuva mu gisekuru kugera mu kindi, byabaye an igice cyingenzi cyimyidagaduro myinshi kuva kera. Inkuru ziracyavugwa muburyo bwambere, kurugero, hafi yumuriro mugihe ukambitse, cyangwa mugihe wunvise inkuru zumuco wundi nkumukerarugendo. "Urutonde rwa mbere rwo kuvuga inkuru dufite, ubu birumvikana ko twiyemeje kwandika, nta gushidikanya ko mu ntangiriro twavugaga umunwa ku gutwi n'imbaraga zabo nk'imyidagaduro ikomoka ku bintu bimwe na bimwe twishimira muri filime no mu bitabo." Kuvuga inkuru nigikorwa cyahindutse kandi gitera imbere "kugana ibintu bitandukanye". Imyidagaduro myinshi, harimo kuvuga inkuru ariko cyane cyane umuziki namakinamico, ikomeza kumenyera ariko yateye imbere muburyo butandukanye kugirango ihuze ibintu byinshi bikunda kugiti cyawe no kwerekana umuco. Ubwoko bwinshi bwahujwe cyangwa bushyigikiwe nubundi buryo. Kurugero, ikinamico, inkuru no gusangira (cyangwa kurya) bikunze kuzamurwa numuziki; siporo n'imikino byinjijwe mubindi bikorwa kugirango byongere ubujurire. Bamwe bashobora kuba barahindutse bava mubikorwa bikomeye cyangwa bikenewe (nko kwiruka no gusimbuka) mumarushanwa hanyuma bahinduka imyidagaduro. Bivugwa, nk'urugero, ko guterera inkingi "bishobora kuba byarakomotse mu Buholandi, aho abantu bakoresheje inkingi ndende kugira ngo bazenguruke hejuru y'imigezi migari aho kurambika utuzu twabo bagenda ibirometero bigana ku kiraro cyegereye. Abandi bakomeza bavuga ko gutera inkingi byakoreshejwe mu ntambara. kuzenguruka inkike z'igihome mu gihe cy'intambara. " Ibikoresho by'imikino nkiyi byarushijeho kuba byiza. Urugero, inkingi zubatswe, zabanje gukorwa mu mashyamba nka ivu, hickory cyangwa hazel; mu kinyejana cya 19 imigano yakoreshejwe kandi mu kinyejana cya 21 inkingi irashobora gukorwa muri fibre karubone. Ibindi bikorwa, nko kugenda kuri stil, biracyagaragara mubikorwa bya sirusi mu kinyejana cya 21. Imirwano ya Gladiator, izwi kandi ku izina rya "imikino ya gladiator", izwi cyane mu gihe cy'Abaroma, itanga urugero rwiza rw'igikorwa gihuza siporo, ibihano, n'imyidagaduro. Impinduka kubintu bifatwa nkimyidagaduro irashobora kubaho mugusubiza impinduka zumuco cyangwa amateka. Guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, byinjijwe mu Bwami bw'Abaroma kuva i Carthage maze biba imyidagaduro n'imyidagaduro ikunzwe cyane, bishyigikira ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu nyamaswa zo mu gasozi. [[Dosiye:China_Revolution_Dia_249-842.jpg|thumb|Imyidagaduro yagiye igira impinduka nziza mu igihe cy'impinduramatwara y'igihugu cy'ubushinwa ]] Imyidagaduro nayo yagiye ihinduka muburyo butandukanye no kwerekana imvugo biturutse ku mvururu zishingiye ku mibereho nk'intambara na revolisiyo. Urugero, mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’umuco w’Abashinwa, opera y’impinduramatwara yemerewe n’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti n’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ihungabana rikomeye na Revolution y'Abarusiya byose byagize ingaruka ku myidagaduro. Ugereranije impinduka ntoya kumiterere n'ahantu ho kwidagadurira bikomeje kuza no kugenda kuko bigira ingaruka kubihe, imyambarire, umuco, ikoranabuhanga, nubukungu. Kurugero, inkuru ivugwa muburyo butangaje irashobora gutangwa mumikino yikinamico, inzu yumuziki, inzu yerekana sinema, multiplex, cyangwa nkibishoboka byikoranabuhanga byateye imbere, ukoresheje ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka mudasobwa ya tablet. Imyidagaduro itangwa kubantu benshi mubikorwa byubatswe nkikinamico, inzu yimyidagaduro, cyangwa stade. Kimwe mu bibuga bizwi cyane mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, Colosseum, "yeguriye AD 80 hamwe n’imikino ijana, yakiriye abantu ibihumbi mirongo itanu," kandi muri yo abayitabiriye "bishimiye siporo y’amaraso hamwe n’imitego yerekana ibitaramo". Ibirori, amarushanwa, amasiganwa, na siporo bigeze gutangwa muriki kibuga cyubatswe nkimyidagaduro rusange. Stadia nshya ikomeje kubakwa kugirango ihuze ibisabwa bikenewe cyane kubantu bose bumva isi. Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko[edit | edit source] Irushanwa imbere yabateze amatwi n'abacuranzi (ikinyejana cya 14) Ralph Hedley Irushanwa (1898) Abana bahuza imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko Inkiko n’ibwami zatanze ikibuga cyamahugurwa ninkunga kubanyamwuga babigize umwuga, bafite imico itandukanye bakoresheje ingoro, ibigo n'ibihome muburyo butandukanye. Urugero, mu mujyi wa Maya, "" akenshi ibitaramo byaberaga mu bibuga binini imbere y’ingoro; imbaga y'abantu yateraniye aho haba cyangwa ahantu hagenewe bashobora kurebera kure. " Imyidagaduro y'urukiko nayo yarenze imico. Kurugero, durbar yamenyekanye mubuhinde nabamogali, hanyuma ijya mubwami bwabongereza, hanyuma bukurikiza imigenzo yabahinde: "ibigo, amazina, imigenzo, imihango yashizweho na Maharaja cyangwa Nawab ... guhana impano zemewe ... gahunda y'ibanze ", nk'urugero," bose barazwe kuva ... Abami ba Delhi ". Muri Koreya, "imbyino y'imyidagaduro y'urukiko" "yabanje gukorerwa mu ngoro yo kwidagadura mu birori by'urukiko." Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko yakunze kuva mu kwifatanya n’urukiko ikoreshwa cyane muri rusange. Uku niko byagenze kuri "imbyino zipfundikirwa mu maso" muri Koreya, "zatangiriye ku mihango ya shaman yo mu mudugudu kandi amaherezo yaje kuba uburyo bwo kwidagadura kuri rubanda". Ababyinnyi ba Nautch mu bwami bwa Mughal baririmbye mu nkiko zo mu Buhinde. Ubundi bwihindurize, busa n'ubwavuye mu myidagaduro yo mu rukiko ujya mu bikorwa bisanzwe, ni uguhinduka kuva mu mihango y'idini ukajya mu myidagaduro y'isi, nk'ibyabaye mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Goryeo n'umunsi mukuru wa Narye. Ubusanzwe "gusa abanyamadini cyangwa imihango, igice cyisi cyongewe kumusozo". Imyidagaduro yahoze mu rukiko, nko gusetsa, akenshi nayo yarokotse mu mikino y'abana Mu nkiko, nka birya gihe Byzantine Empire, rikoresheje bari bwacagamo mu mashule yo haruguru, kugira ngo "nibura imbere gihe mu Komnenoi " (1081-1185) abagabo gutandukana n'abagore ku mihango aho hari myidagaduro nk'ibirori n'ibirori. Imihango yurukiko, ibirori byumwami nibirori bifitanye isano nayo, ntabwo byakoreshejwe gusa kwishimisha ahubwo no kwerekana ubutunzi n'imbaraga. Ibintu nkibi bishimangira umubano hagati yumutegetsi nubutegetsi; hagati y'abafite imbaraga n'abadafite, bakorera "kwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati y'imiryango isanzwe n'iy'umutegetsi". Uru nirwo rubanza nko mu nkiko gakondo nkuko bimeze ku mihango y'iki gihe, nk'imihango yo guhererekanya Hong Kong mu 1997, aho imyidagaduro myinshi (harimo ibirori, parade, fireworks, ibitaramo by'ibirori ndetse n'ubuhanzi. ) bashyizwe muri serivisi yo kwerekana impinduka mubutegetsi bwa politiki. Imyidagaduro y'urukiko ubusanzwe yakorwaga ku bwami no mu bami ndetse no "gushimisha abanyacyubahiro baho kandi basuye". Inkiko z'umwami, nk'iz'Abanyakoreya, nazo zashyigikiraga imbyino gakondo. Muri Sudani, ibikoresho bya muzika nkibyo bita "slit" cyangwa "kuvuga" ingoma, rimwe "igice cya orchestre yurukiko rwumutware ukomeye", byari bifite intego nyinshi: byakoreshwaga mu gukora umuziki; "vuga" mu birori; shyira ahagaragara ibikorwa byabaturage; ohereza ubutumwa burebure; kandi uhamagare abagabo guhiga cyangwa kurwana Imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko irerekana kandi isano itoroshye hagati yimyidagaduro nindorerezi: abantu barashobora kuba abashimisha cyangwa igice cyabateze amatwi, cyangwa barashobora guhinduranya inshingano nubwo mugihe cyimyidagaduro imwe. Mu rukiko ku ngoro ya Versailles, "ibihumbi by'abanyacyubahiro, barimo abagabo n'abagore babaga mu nzu zayo, bakoze nk'abahanzi ndetse n'abarebera mu mihango ya buri munsi ishimangira urwego rw'imiterere". Kimwe n'imyidagaduro yo mu rukiko, ibihe byumwami nko kwimikwa nubukwe byatanze amahirwe yo gushimisha abanyacyubahiro ndetse nabantu. Kurugero, ibirori byiza 1595 byo kwizihiza umunsi wokwinjira kwumwamikazi Elizabeth wa mbere natanze amarushanwa, urwenya hamwe nibindi birori byakozwe "atari imbere yurukiko rwateraniye hamwe, mubyiza byabo byose, ariko no mubihumbi n’ibihumbi byabanya Londres bifuza kwidagadura umunsi mwiza. Kwinjira kuri Uwiteka ibirori byumunsi kuri Tiltyard muri Whitehall byashyizwe kuri 12d " Igihano rusange[edit | edit source] Tike yo kwicwa Jonathan Wild (1725) Nubwo uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura bwagiye buhinduka kandi burakomeza uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana, uburyo bumwe bwamamaye ntibukiri bwemewe. Kurugero, mu binyejana byabanjirije i Burayi, kureba cyangwa kugira uruhare mu guhana abagizi ba nabi cyangwa ababana n’imibereho byari uburyo bwo kwidagadura bwemewe kandi buzwi. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gusuzugura rubanda nabwo bwatangaga imyidagaduro yaho kera. Ndetse igihano cyo kwicwa nko kumanika no gucibwa umutwe, gihabwa rubanda nk'ikuburira, nacyo cyafatwaga nk'imyidagaduro. Ibihano by'urupfu byamaraga igihe kirekire, nko gutera amabuye no gushushanya no muri kimwe cya kane, byatanze abantu benshi. "Kumanika byari karnivali itayoboye abashomeri gusa ahubwo n'abashomeri. Burugumesitiri mwiza cyangwa abanyacyubahiro bafite amatsiko washoboraga kubigura babireba muri gare cyangwa bakodesha icyumba." Igihano rusange nkimyidagaduro cyakomeje kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19 icyo gihe "ibintu biteye ubwoba byo kumanikwa kumugaragaro byakuruye urwango abanditsi nabafilozofe". Dickens na Thackeray bombi banditse ibijyanye no kumanikwa muri gereza ya Newgate mu 1840, kandi "bigisha abantu benshi ko kwicwa ari imyidagaduro iteye isoni." Abana[edit | edit source] Pieter Bruegel Imikino Yabana (1560) Imyidagaduro y'abana ishingiye ku gukina kandi ifite akamaro mu mikurire yabo. Imyidagaduro nayo itangwa kubana cyangwa ikabigishwa nabakuze kandi ibikorwa byinshi bibashimisha nkibipupe, clown, pantomimes na karato nabyo bikundwa nabakuze. Abana bamye bakina imikino. Biremewe ko kimwe no kwinezeza, gukina imikino bifasha iterambere ryabana. Imwe mu nkuru zizwi cyane zerekana amashusho y'imikino y'abana ni igishushanyo cya Pieter Bruegel Umusaza cyitwa Imikino y'abana, cyashushanijwe mu 1560. Irerekana abana bakina imikino itandukanye byitwa ko byari bisanzwe muri kiriya gihe. Imikino myinshi muriyi mikino, nka marble, kwihisha-gushakisha, kuvuza amasabune menshi hamwe no gutwara ingurube bikomeje gukinwa. [[Dosiye:End_of_the_performance_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2201207.jpg|thumb|Inyubako zagenewe imyidagaduro mu igihugu cya Isiraheli]] Urugero rwa sisitemu yo gusuzuma igaragaza imyaka ikwiye (Isiraheli) Uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura burashobora cyangwa bwahinduwe kugirango buhuze ibyo abana bakeneye. Mu kinyejana cya 20, duhereye ku bikorwa byakunze kunengwa ariko nyamara ari ngombwa bya G. Stanley Hall, "wateje imbere isano iri hagati yo kwiga iterambere na psychologiya" nshya ", cyane cyane n'ibikorwa bya Jean Piaget, we." yabonye iterambere ryubwenge risa niterambere ryibinyabuzima ", byumvikanye ko iterambere ryimitekerereze yabana riba mubyiciro kandi ko ubushobozi bwabo butandukanye nabakuze. Niyo mpamvu, inkuru n'ibikorwa, haba mubitabo, firime, cyangwa imikino yo kuri videwo byateguwe byumwihariko kubantu bumva abana. Ibihugu byashubije ibibazo byihariye by’abana ndetse n’izamuka ry’imyidagaduro hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga nka sisitemu yo gusuzuma ibipimo bya tereviziyo, kugira ngo bayobore rubanda n’imyidagaduro. Mu kinyejana cya 21, kimwe nibicuruzwa bikuze, imyidagaduro myinshi iraboneka kubana kuri enterineti kugirango bakoreshwe wenyine. Ibi bigize impinduka zikomeye kuva kera. Umwanya umara abana bamara mu nzu mu myidagaduro ishingiye kuri ecran no "gusenyuka gutangaje kwabana kwabana na kamere" byamaganye ingaruka mbi zabyo mubitekerezo, kumenya abantu bakuru no kumererwa neza mumitekerereze. Ifishi[edit | edit source] Ibirori[edit | edit source] Ibirori byabaye ahantu ho kwidagadura, kwidagadura cyangwa kwinezeza kuva kera, bikomeza kugeza mu kinyejana cya 21, igihe bigikoreshwa mu ntego zabo za mbere - gushimisha abashyitsi, cyane cyane ibyingenzi kwerekana ubwakiranyi ; nkumwanya wo kwerekana imyidagaduro ishigikira nkumuziki cyangwa imbyino, cyangwa byombi Bagize uruhare rukomeye mu myidagaduro y'urukiko kandi bafasha abidagadura guteza imbere ubumenyi bwabo Nibindi bintu byingenzi bigize ibirori nko kwimikwa , ubukwe ,iminsi y'amavuko ibyagezweho mubenegihugu cyangwa ibya politiki kwishora mubikorwa bya gisirikare cyangwa intsinzi kimwe n'inshingano z'idini . Muri iki gihe cya none, ibirori biraboneka mubucuruzi, urugero, muri resitora kandi bigahuzwa nibikorwa mubyumba byo gusangiriramo. Guteka nabatetsi babigize umwuga nabyo byahindutse uburyo bwo kwidagadura mu rwego rwamarushanwa yisi yose nka Bocuse d'Or. Banquets across 10 centuries and cultures 1 Ibirori byabereye muri Egiputa ya kera (bivuye ku rukuta rwa Thebes ) 2 Byzantine bahanzi birori ikwereka na ibikoresho bitandukanye by'umuzika (1204-1453) 3 Jean Fouquet, Ibirori bya Charles V w'Ubufaransa (1455–1460) 4 Ibirori birimo ingagi zokeje zahawe Babur na Mirzas mu 1507 (miniature Template:Circa ) 5 Bartholomeus van der Helst, Amahoro ya Münster Amsterdam (1648) 6 Victory birori by w'abami Qian Long gusuhuza bapolisi bitabiriye kurwanya Tayiwani . (mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18) 7 bakodeshaga kuza mu bukwe abaturage 'ibirori (Nyakwigendera 18 kinyejana) 8 Inzu y'ibirori mu ngoro y'Umwami Sahle Selassie ishushanya ku ifoto, Etiyopiya (1852) 9 Ibirori byo kwimika George IV muri salle ya Westminster (1821) Ibirori 10 by'Abashinwa muri salle y'ibirori byatanzwe nk'umunsi mukuru w'amavuko (2012) Umuziki[edit | edit source] Inzu yuzuye kuri Metropolitan Opera mu mujyi wa New York, itegereje ko imyidagaduro ya muzika itangira (1937) Umuziki nikintu gishyigikira ubwoko bwimyidagaduro nubwoko bwinshi bwimikorere. Kurugero, ikoreshwa mugutezimbere inkuru, ni ntangarugero mubyino na opera, kandi mubisanzwe byinjizwa muma firime cyangwa amakinamico Umuziki kandi nubwoko bwimyidagaduro kwisi yose kandi izwi cyane yonyine, igizwe nibikorwa byose nkigihe ibitaramo byatanzwe . Ukurikije injyana, igikoresho, imikorere nuburyo, umuziki ugabanijwe mubwoko bwinshi, nka classique, jazz, rubanda, rock, umuziki wa pop cyangwa gakondo . Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, umuziki wakozwe, umaze kuboneka gusa kubashobora kwishyura abahanzi, washoboye kuboneka kubantu ku giti cyabo n’imyidagaduro, iyitangaza cyangwa ikayandika mbere yo kugurisha. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibitaramo bya muzika, byaba byongerewe ubuhanga , byose bitanga imyidagaduro hatitawe ku kuba ibitaramo bituruka ku baririmbyi , chorale cyangwa amatsinda ya orchestre , cyangwa itsinda . Igitaramo cya Live gikoresha ibibuga byihariye, bishobora kuba bito cyangwa binini; mu nzu cyangwa hanze; ubuntu cyangwa bihenze. Abateze amatwi bafite ibyifuzo bitandukanye kubahanzi kimwe n'uruhare rwabo mubikorwa. Kurugero, bamwe mubateze amatwi biteze gutega amatwi bucece kandi bashimishwa nubwiza bwumuziki, uko uhindura cyangwa ibisobanuro . Abandi bumva ibitaramo bya Live bashimishwa nibidukikije n'amahirwe yo kwitabira . Ndetse nabandi benshi bumva bashimishwa numuziki wanditswe mbere bakumva wenyine . Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu myidagaduro yumuziki ni ijwi ryabantu gusa cyangwa ibikoresho gusa cyangwa bimwe bihuza byombi . Niba ibitaramo bitangwa nabaririmbyi cyangwa abacuranga ibikoresho, abahanzi bashobora kuba baririmbyi cyangwa igice cyitsinda rito cyangwa rinini, nabo bagashimisha abumva bashobora kuba umuntu ku giti cye , unyuze kuri , muto cyangwa binini . Kuririmba muri rusange biherekejwe nibikoresho nubwo uburyo bumwe, cyane cyane acappella hamwe no kuririmba birenze, ntibiherekejwe. Ibitaramo bigezweho akenshi bikoresha ingaruka zidasanzwe hamwe nandi makinamico aherekeza ibitaramo byo kuririmba no kubyina. Musical entertainment – 10 types of audience engagement 1 Traditional instruments used to accompany dance (Tibet, 1949) 2 Children's choir providing musical entertainment (Soviet Union, 1979) 3 Ensemble entertains travellers in the Paris Métro (2002) 4 Drummer playing Boduberu (Maldives, 2010) 5 Choir and orchestra in ecclesiastical setting (Italy, 2008) 6 Contemporary audience in ancient outdoor stadium (Greece, 2009) 7 A concert with a 3D enhanced stage (Singapore, 2010) 8 Concert hall audience (Netherlands, 2010) 9 Crowd surfing at a concert (France, 2011) 10 Woman listening privately to music through headphones (Russia, 2010) Imikino[edit | edit source] Imikino ikinirwa imyidagaduro - rimwe na rimwe gusa kwidagadura, rimwe na rimwe kubigeraho cyangwa ibihembo nabyo. Barashobora gukinishwa bonyine, mumakipe, cyangwa kumurongo; nabakunzi cyangwa nababigize umwuga. Abakinnyi barashobora kugira abumva abadakina, nkigihe abantu bashimishwa no kureba shampiyona ya chess. Kurundi ruhande, abakinyi mumikino barashobora kuba ababateze amatwi mugihe bafashe umwanya wo gukina. Akenshi, igice cyimyidagaduro kubana bakina umukino ni uguhitamo uwaba mubateze amatwi ninde mukinnyi. Ibikoresho bitandukanye nu mukino. Imikino y'ubuyobozi, nka Go, Monopoly cyangwa backgammon ikenera ikibaho cyera. Imwe mumikino izwi cyane ni Senet, umukino ukinirwa muri Egiputa ya kera, ukundwa na farawo Tutankhamun. Imikino yamakarita, nk'ifirimbi, poker na Bridge imaze igihe kinini ikinwa nk'imyidagaduro nimugoroba n'inshuti. Kuri iyi mikino, icyo ukeneye ni ikarita yumukino. Indi mikino, nka bingo, yakinwe nabantu benshi batazi, yagenewe kureba uruhare rwabatari urusimbi. Byinshi byaremewe abana, kandi birashobora gukinirwa hanze, harimo hopscotch, guhisha no gushaka, cyangwa bluff man. Urutonde rwimikino yumupira wamaguru ni nini. Harimo, kurugero, croquet, gukubita ibyatsi na ballball kimwe na siporo myinshi ukoresheje imipira itandukanye. Guhitamo guhuza ubumenyi nubuzima butandukanye. Imyitozo ngororangingo irashobora kuzamura ubumenyi nubushobozi bwa moteri. Imikino yimibare nka Sudoku nimikino ya puzzle nka cube ya Rubik irashobora kunoza ubwenge. Imikino ya videwo ikinwa hifashishijwe umugenzuzi kugirango itange ibisubizo kuri ecran. Barashobora kandi gukinishwa kumurongo hamwe nabitabiriye bifatanya kure. Mu gice cya kabiri cy'ikinyejana cya 20 no mu kinyejana cya 21 umubare w'imikino nk'iyi wariyongereye cyane, utanga imyidagaduro itandukanye ku bakinnyi ku isi. Imikino ya videwo irazwi kwisi yose. Games Sofonisba Anguissola Umukino wa Chess (1555) Umukino wubwenge Théophile Emmanuel Duverger (mbere ya 1901) Hopscotch Umukino wumubiri Umukino wa tereviziyo ya StarCraft (2006) Koreya yepfo Umukino wa elegitoroniki Ubuvanganzo[edit | edit source] Template:Quote boxTemplate:Quote box Gusoma byabaye isoko yimyidagaduro igihe kinini cyane, cyane cyane mugihe ubundi buryo, nkimyidagaduro yimikorere, bwari (cyangwa burahari) butaboneka cyangwa buhenze cyane. Ndetse iyo intego yibanze yinyandiko ari ukumenyesha cyangwa kwigisha, gusoma bizwi cyane kubushobozi bwayo bwo kurangaza amaganya ya buri munsi. Byombi inkuru namakuru byanyujijwe mumigenzo yimvugo n'imigenzo mvugo ibaho muburyo bwimivugo yimikorere urugero. Ariko, baranze rwose. "Kumenya gusoma no kwandika bimaze gukomera, nta gusubira mu burenganzira bwo mu kanwa." Kuza kw'icapiro, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro by'ibitabo no kongera gusoma no kwandika byose byagize uruhare mu gutuma abantu benshi basoma. Byongeye kandi, uko imyandikire yari isanzwe kandi inyandiko zikarushaho gusobanuka, "gusoma byaretse kuba inzira ibabaza yo gusobanura kandi byabaye igikorwa cyo kwinezeza". Mu kinyejana cya 16 mu Burayi, abantu bashimishijwe no gusoma mu myidagaduro. Mubitabo byubwoko bwinshi harimo bimwe byateguwe, byose cyangwa igice, kubwimyidagaduro. Limericks, kurugero, koresha umurongo muburyo butajegajega, buteganijwe, injyana nigitekerezo cyo gukora urwenya no gushimisha abumva cyangwa abasoma. Ibitabo byungurana ibitekerezo nka "hitamo ibyakubayeho" birashobora gutuma imyidagaduro yubuvanganzo irushaho kugira uruhare. Umusaza usoma ikinyamakuru i Basantapur. Ibitekerezo na karato ni ubwoko bwubuvanganzo bukoresha ibishushanyo cyangwa ibishushanyo, mubisanzwe bifatanije ninyandiko, kugirango bitange inkuru ishimishije. Ibitekerezo byinshi byiki gihe bifite ibintu bya fantasy kandi bikozwe namasosiyete agize imyidagaduro. Abandi bafite abanditsi badasanzwe batanga ibitekerezo byihariye, filozofiya yisi nibibazo abantu bahura nabyo. Byendagusetsa kubyintwari nka Superman nubwoko bwambere. Ingero z'ubwoko bwa kabiri zirimo umurimo ku giti cye mu myaka 50 ya Charles M. Schulz wakoze comic izwi cyane yitwa Peanuts ivuga ku mibanire hagati y'abakinnyi b'abana; na Michael Leunig wishimisha mugukora amakarito ashimishije nayo arimo kunegura imibereho. Imyiyerekano ya Manga yubuyapani itandukanye nuburyo bwiburengerazuba kuko ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwinsanganyamatsiko hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko kubasomyi b'imyaka yose. Caricature ikoresha ubwoko bwimyidagaduro ishushanyije kubintu bitandukanye nko gushyira inseko mumaso yabareba, kugeza kumenyekanisha imibereho, kwerekana ibimenyetso biranga umuntu kuba karikatire. Urwenya[edit | edit source] Umunyarwenya Charlie Chaplin yigana Hitler kubera ingaruka zisekeje muri filime isebanya The Great Dictator (1940) Urwenya ni ubwoko bwimyidagaduro nibigize, butanga ibitwenge no kwinezeza, byaba urwenya niyo ntego yonyine cyangwa ikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutandukanya ikindi gice gikomeye. Numuterankunga ufite agaciro muburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura, harimo mubuvanganzo, ikinamico, opera, film n'imikino. Mu nkiko z'umwami, nko mu rukiko rwa Byzantine, kandi birashoboka ko no mu ngo zayo zikize, "mimes niyo yibandaga cyane ku gusetsa byateguwe, byari byitezwe cyangwa bitegekwa gusetsa abantu bose mu rukiko, kabone nubwo usibye umwami w'abami n'abagize ubwami. umuryango. Uru ruhare rwubatswe cyane rwabashinyaguzi rwari rugizwe no gusetsa mu magambo, harimo gutereta, urwenya, gutukana, gushinyagurira, no gutukana no gusetsa mu magambo nko gukubita inshyi no gukina ifarashi imbere yabateze amatwi. " Mu gihe cyagati, ubwoko bwose busetsa - buffoon, jester, hunchback, dwarf, urwenya, bose "babonaga ko ari ubwoko bumwe busekeje: umuswa", nubwo bidashoboka ko asetsa, yagereranyaga "amakosa yumuntu". Shakespeare yanditse inkuru zisetsa cumi na zirindwi zirimo tekinike nyinshi zikoreshwa n'abahanzi n'abanditsi b'urwenya - nk'urwenya, ibihano, parody, ubwenge, urwenya rwo kwitegereza, cyangwa ingaruka zitunguranye z'icyuma . Urwenya rumwe gusa na satire nabyo bikoreshwa mugusetsa mubuvanganzo. Muri farce, urwenya nintego yibanze. Ubusobanuro bwijambo "comedi" nibitekerezo byabateze amatwi byahindutse mugihe kandi biratandukanye ukurikije umuco. Urwenya rworoshye rwumubiri nka slapstick rurashimishije kubantu benshi bingeri zose. Ariko, uko imico igenda irushaho kuba indashyikirwa, imiterere yigihugu igaragara muburyo no kwerekanwa kugirango ibishimishije mumuco umwe bishobora kutumvikana mubindi. Imikorere/Imyiyerekano[edit | edit source] Ibitaramo bya Live mbere yabateze amatwi bigize uburyo bwimyidagaduro, cyane cyane mbere yo kuvumbura amajwi n'amashusho. Imikorere ifata uburyo butandukanye, harimo ikinamico, umuziki n'ikinamico. Mu kinyejana cya 16 na 17, inkiko z’ibwami z’i Burayi zerekanaga masike yari imyidagaduro igoye irimo kubyina, kuririmba no gukina. Opera nuburyo busaba imikorere yuburyo bukomeza gukundwa. Irimo kandi uburyo bwose uko ari butatu, busaba urwego rwohejuru rwubuhanga bwumuziki namakinamico, ubufatanye kandi nka masque, ubuhanga bwo gukora kimwe. Icyapa cyerekana 1908 yakozwe na opera Aida ya 1871 ya Verdi, ikorwa na Hippodrome Opera Company ya Cleveland, Ohio Abateze amatwi muri rusange berekana ko bashimira imikorere ishimishije bakoma amashyi. Ariko, abahanzi bose bafite ibyago byo kunanirwa gukurura ababateze amatwi bityo, bakananirwa kwinezeza. Kutanyurwa kwabumva akenshi ni inyangamugayo kandi zitaziguye. Kuvuga inkuru[edit | edit source] Ubuhungu bwa Raleigh na Sir John Everett Millais, amavuta kuri canvas, 1870. </br> Umusare abwira umusore Sir Walter Raleigh na murumuna we inkuru y'ibyabereye mu nyanja Kuvuga inkuru nuburyo bwa kera bwimyidagaduro bwagize ingaruka muburyo bwose. Ntabwo "atari imyidagaduro gusa, iranatekereza binyuze mu makimbirane y'abantu no kwivuguruza". Kubwibyo, nubwo inkuru zishobora gutangwa muburyo butaziguye kubantu bateze amatwi, zitangwa kandi nk'imyidagaduro kandi zigakoreshwa nk'igice icyo ari cyo cyose gishingiye ku nkuru, nka firime, ikinamico, ballet, na opera. Inkuru zanditswe zongerewe amashusho, akenshi kurwego rwo hejuru cyane mubuhanzi, kurugero, kumyandikire yandikishijwe intoki no kumuzingo wa kera nku Buyapani. Inkuru zikomeje kuba inzira isanzwe yo gushimisha itsinda riri murugendo. Yerekana uburyo inkuru zikoreshwa mu kurengana no gushimisha abitabiriye ingendo, Chaucer yakoresheje ingendo mu gitabo cye cy’ubuvanganzo cyitwa Canterbury Tales mu kinyejana cya 14, kimwe na Wu Cheng'en mu kinyejana cya 16 mu rugendo rwo mu Burengerazuba . Nubwo ubu ingendo zishobora kurangira vuba cyane, inkuru ziracyabwirwa abagenzi bagenda mumodoka nindege haba kumanwa cyangwa gutangwa muburyo bwikoranabuhanga. mbaraga zinkuru zo kwinezeza zigaragara muri imwe mu zizwi cyane - Scheherazade - inkuru mu muco gakondo wo kuvuga inkuru mu Buperesi, y’umugore urokora ubuzima bwe avuga inkuru. Isano riri hagati yubwoko butandukanye bwimyidagaduro ryerekanwa nuburyo inkuru nkiyi itera gusubiramo ubundi buryo, nkumuziki, film cyangwa imikino. Kurugero, abahimbyi Rimsky-Korsakov, Ravel na Szymanowski buri wese yatewe inkunga ninkuru ya Scheherazade ayihindura umurimo wa orchestre; umuyobozi Pasolini yakoze imiterere ya firime; kandi hari umukino wa videwo udushya ushingiye kumugani. Inkuru zishobora kuvugwa nta jambo, mumuziki, imbyino cyangwa igikinisho urugero, nko mumigenzo ya Javan ya wayang, aho igitaramo kijyana na orchestre gamelan cyangwa ibisa nkibisanzwe Punch na Judy. Amagambo y'ibirangirire, ibisigo, sagas hamwe n'ibishushanyo biva mumico yose ivuga imigani itangaje kuburyo bahumekeye izindi nkuru zitabarika muburyo bwose bwo kwidagadura. Ingero zirimo Umuhindu Ramayana na Mahabharata; Homer's Odyssey na Iliad; igitabo cya mbere cy'icyarabu Hayy bin Yaqdhan; icyamamare mu Buperesi Shahnameh; aba Sagas bo muri Isilande hamwe n'Imigani yizihizwa ya Genji. Ibyegeranyo by'inkuru, nk'imigani ya Grimms cyangwa ibya Hans Christian Andersen, nabyo byagize uruhare runini. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, iki cyegeranyo cy'inkuru za rubanda kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muco wa none uzwi cyane, waje gukoresha insanganyamatsiko, amashusho, ibimenyetso, n'ibikoresho byubaka mu buryo bushya bwo kwidagadura. Zimwe mu nkuru zikomeye kandi ziramba ni inkuru zifatizo, nanone bita inkomoko cyangwa imigani y'ibyaremwe nk'imigani ya Dreamtime y'abasangwabutaka bo muri Ositaraliya, Epic ya Mesopotamiya ya Gilgamesh, cyangwa inkuru zo muri Hawayi zivuga inkomoko y'isi. Ibi nabyo byatejwe imbere mubitabo, firime, umuziki nimikino muburyo bwongera kuramba no kuzamura agaciro kabo kwidagadura. Telling stories Igishushanyo cya William Blake cyabashitsi muri The Canterbury Tales Scheherazade abwira amateka ye Umwami Shahryar mu ijoro ry'Abarabu Kuvuga inkuru ukoresheje ibipupe bya Wayang golek muri Java Tosa Mitsuoki yerekana Umugani we wa Genji Ikinamico[edit | edit source] Ku wa gatandatu nijoro abitabiriye ikinamico ya Victoria, London (1872) Ibitaramo, ubusanzwe ikinamico cyangwa umuziki, byerekanwa kuri stade kubantu bose kandi bifite amateka asubira mubihe byabagiriki igihe "abahanzi nabacuranzi bakomeye" bakinnye cyane "amarushanwa yubusizi", urugero kuri "Delphi, Delos, Efeso ". Aristote n'umwarimu we Platon bombi banditse ku nyigisho n'intego by'ikinamico. Aristote yabajije ibibazo nka "Ni ubuhe butumwa bukorwa mu buhanzi mu gushiraho imico? Ese umwe mu bagize itsinda riri ku butegetsi akwiye kureba gusa ibitaramo cyangwa kugira uruhare no gukora? Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'imyidagaduro igomba gutangwa ku batari mu ntore? ? " "Ptolémée muri Egiputa, Abaselewusi muri Perugamo" na bo bari bafite umuco gakondo w'ikinamico, nyuma, abakire b'abakire i Roma bategura "ibihangano byiza cyane". Ibiteganijwe ku mikorere no kwishora hamwe nabyo byahindutse mugihe (1). Kurugero, mu Bwongereza mu kinyejana cya 18, "urwikekwe ku bakinnyi ba filime rwari rwaragabanutse" no mu Burayi muri rusange, kujya mu ikinamico, byahoze ari ibikorwa biteye amakenga mu mibereho, byabaye "imyidagaduro yo mu rwego rwo hagati yubahwa cyane" mu mpera za 19 na kare. Ikinyejana cya 20, iyo imyidagaduro itandukanye ikunzwe. Inzu ya Operetta na salle byabonetse, maze inzu yimikino ikinamico nka Theatre yubuhanzi ya Moscou hamwe n’ikinamico ya Suvorin mu Burusiya. Muri icyo gihe, ibinyamakuru by’ubucuruzi "byatangiye gutwara inkingi n’ibisobanuro" byafashaga guhindura ikinamico "ingingo yemewe y’impaka zishingiye ku bwenge" mu biganiro rusange byerekeye ubuhanzi n’umuco. Abateze amatwi batangiye guterana ngo "bashimire ibyagezweho mu guhanga, gutangazwa no gushimishwa n '" inyenyeri "zikomeye. Vaudeville n'inzu z'umuziki, zizwi cyane muri iki gihe muri Amerika, Ubwongereza, Kanada, Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande, ubwazo zaje gusimburwa. Ibikinisho, imiziki, monologues, pantomimes, hamwe nubusizi bwibikorwa biri mumateka maremare cyane yikinamico, ari naho habereye ubwoko bwibitaramo bizwi nka stand-up comedie. Mu kinyejana cya 20, amaradiyo na televiziyo, akenshi byerekanaga imbonankubone, byaguye imigenzo yikinamico yakomeje kubaho hamwe nuburyo bushya. Ibikinisho, imiziki, monologues, pantomimes, hamwe nubusizi bwibikorwa biri mumateka maremare cyane yikinamico, ari naho habereye ubwoko bwibitaramo bizwi nka stand-up comedie. Mu kinyejana cya 20, amaradiyo na televiziyo, akenshi byerekanaga imbonankubone, byaguye imigenzo yikinamico yakomeje kubaho hamwe nuburyo bushya. Theatrical entertainment – stages, staging and stagecraft 1 Kwerekana urwenya rwerekana abumva (1809) 2 Improvised stage kugira imikorere rusange ku buboneye (1642) 3 Icyiciro cyateguwe kuri teatre yo murugo 4 Icyiciro cyo hanze mbere yo kwerekana 5 Ikinamico y'ibitaramo yiteguye gucuranga wenyine 6 Ikinamico yo hanze yakozwe kuva Edinburgh castle forecourt 7 Traditional stage kuko Japanese Noh ikinamico 8 Icyiciro cya teatre muruziga 9 Teatro Colón, ikinamico nziza cyane, inzu yimikino 10 StagecraftTemplate:Sndgari ya moshi ifunga inyuma Sinema na firime[edit | edit source] Abareba firime mubisanzwe bicaye mu ntebe nziza zitondekanye kumurongo wa hafi mbere ya ecran ya ecran. Noruveje (2005) Filime nuburyo bukomeye bwimyidagaduro, nubwo film zose zidafite imyidagaduro nkintego yabo yibanze: film documentaire, kurugero, igamije gukora inyandiko cyangwa kumenyesha, nubwo intego zombi akenshi zikorana. Ikigereranyo cyari ubucuruzi ku isi kuva mu ntangiriro: " Abavandimwe ba Lumière ni bo ba mbere bohereje kamera ku isi hose, babategeka gufata amashusho yose ashobora kugirira rubanda akamaro." Mu 1908, Pathé yatangije akanakwirakwiza amakuru kandi mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, filime zari zikeneye cyane imyidagaduro. "Mu myaka icumi ya mbere ya gahunda ya sinema yo mu kinyejana cya 20 yahurijwe hamwe, ku bushake, ibihimbano ndetse no mu makuru." Abanyamerika babanje "gutekereza uburyo bwo kubyara igitekerezo binyuze mu mashusho akurikirana," ariko "Abafaransa bashoboye guhindura ihame rya siyansi mu buryo bwinjiza amafaranga mu bucuruzi". [90] Filime rero yabaye igice cyimyidagaduro kuva kera. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwakoreshejwe muburyo bwa firime kugirango bishimishe kandi bashimishe abareba. Animation, kurugero, ikubiyemo kwerekana umuvuduko wihuse mubikorwa byubuhanzi, ni bumwe muri ubwo buryo bukurura cyane cyane abakiri bato. Kuza kw'amashusho yakozwe na mudasobwa (CGI) mu kinyejana cya 21 byatumye "bishoboka gukora indorerezi" bihendutse kandi "ku rugero rutigeze urota" na Cecil B. DeMille . Kuva mu myaka ya za 1930 kugeza 1950, firime na radiyo byari "imyidagaduro yonyine" ariko mu myaka icumi ya kabiri yo mu kinyejana cya 21, impinduka z’ikoranabuhanga, ibyemezo by’ubukungu, kwirinda ingaruka ndetse n’isi yose byagabanije ubwiza n’urwego rwa firime zikorwa. Ingaruka zinoze ziboneka hamwe nubuhanga bwa CGI, kurugero, aho kuba abantu, ntabwo byakoreshejwe gusa mugukora amashusho yukuri yabantu, ibibera hamwe nibyabaye (haba mubyukuri kandi bitangaje ) ariko no mubuzima bwibintu bitabaho nka Lego bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkimyidagaduro nka umukino muburyo bwumubiri. Abakoze Filime ya Lego "bifuzaga ko abayitabiriye bemera ko bareba amatafari nyayo ya Lego ku gisate cyarashwe na kamera nyayo, atari ibyo twakoze mu by'ukuri, cyaremye ibidukikije binini n'amatafari ya mudasobwa imbere muri mudasobwa." Ihuriro rya mudasobwa na firime byatumye imyidagaduro itangwa mu buryo bushya kandi ikoranabuhanga ryemereye kandi abafite umutungo bwite kwerekana amashusho mu nzu y’imikino yo mu rugo, bakisubirira ahantu hihariye ubwiza n'uburambe bw'ikinamico rusange. Ibi birasa nuburyo abanyacyubahiro mubihe byashize bashoboraga kwerekana ibitaramo bya muzika byigenga cyangwa gukoresha amakinamico yo murugo mumazu manini kugirango bakine amakinamico mu binyejana byashize. Filime kandi yongeye gutekereza imyidagaduro ivuye mubundi buryo, guhindura inkuru, ibitabo n'imikino, urugero, mubyishimo bishya. Inkuru ya Filime, documentaire ivuga ku mateka ya firime, itanga ubushakashatsi ku byagezweho ku isi no guhanga udushya mu buryo bwo hagati, ndetse n'impinduka mu myumvire yo gukora film. Irerekana ko mugihe ama firime amwe, cyane cyane ayo mumigenzo ya Hollywood ahuza "realism na melodramatic romantism", agamije nkuburyo bwo guhunga, izindi zisaba gusezerana byimbitse cyangwa igisubizo gitekereje kubateze amatwi. Kurugero, film Xala yatsindiye ibihembo Xala ifata ruswa ya leta nkinsanganyamatsiko. Filime ya Charlie Chaplin The Great Dictator yari intwari kandi igezweho, nayo ku nsanganyamatsiko ya politiki. Inkuru zimaze imyaka ibihumbi, nka Nowa, zongeye gusobanurwa muri firime, zikoresha ibikoresho byubuvanganzo bimenyerewe nka allegoryi na personnasiyo hamwe nubuhanga bushya nka CGI kugirango ushakishe insanganyamatsiko nini nka "ubupfu bwabantu", icyiza n'ikibi, ubutwari no kwiheba, urukundo, kwizera, n'urupfu - insanganyamatsiko zabaye umwanya-nyamukuru wo kwidagadura muburyo bwose. Kimwe no mu bindi bitangazamakuru, kuba indashyikirwa no kugeraho muri filime bizwi binyuze mu bihembo bitandukanye, harimo n'ibyavuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ryigisha amashusho y’ubukorikori n’ubumenyi, Ishuri rikuru ry’amafirime na televiziyo mu Bwongereza, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cannes mu Bufaransa no muri Aziya Ibihembo bya Pasifika. Imbyino[edit | edit source] File:Peterborough Snow Ball 2008 silent video.ogv Contra dancers at a ball in New Hampshire, United States (silent video) Uburyo bwinshi bwo kubyina butanga imyidagaduro kumyaka yose n'imico. Imbyino irashobora kuba ikomeye mumajwi, nkigihe ikoreshwa mukugaragaza amateka yumuco cyangwa inkuru zingenzi; birashobora gushotorana; cyangwa irashobora gushira muri serivisi yo gusetsa. Kubera ko ihuza uburyo bwinshi bwo kwidagadura - umuziki, ingendo, kuvuga inkuru, ikinamico - itanga urugero rwiza rwuburyo butandukanye ubwo buryo bushobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango habeho imyidagaduro kubikorwa bitandukanye nababumva. Imbyino "ni uburyo bwo kwerekana umuco" butarimo ababyinnyi gusa, ahubwo " abakora choreografiya, abateranye, abakunzi hamwe na impresarios ... guturuka ku isi yose no mu bihe bitandukanye cyane. " Haba muri Afurika, Aziya cyangwa Uburayi, imbyino zihora ziganira ku bijyanye na politiki, imibereho, iy'umwuka ndetse n'ubuhanzi. " [99] Nubwo imigenzo yo kubyina ishobora kugarukira ku muco umwe, bose baratera imbere. Kurugero, muri Afrika, hariho "Imbyino za Dahomean, imbyino za Hausa, imbyino za Masai nibindi." [100] Ballet ni urugero rwimbyino zateye imbere cyane zo mu Burengerazuba zimukiye mu makinamico kuva mu rukiko rw’Ubufaransa mu gihe cya Louis XIV, ababyinnyi babaye abahanzi bakina amakinamico. Imbyino zimwe na zimwe, nka quadrille, imbyino ya kare "yagaragaye mu myaka ya Napoleon mu Bufaransa" [102] n'indi mbyino zo mu gihugu zigeze gukundwa mu materaniro mbonezamubano nk'imipira, ariko ubu ni gake byakozwe. Ku rundi ruhande, imbyino nyinshi za rubanda ( nk'imbyino zo muri Scottish Highland n'imbyino zo muri Irilande ), zahindutse mu marushanwa, mu kwiyongera ku babumva, zongereye agaciro imyidagaduro. "Ikinamico yo muri Irilande, rimwe na rimwe igaragaramo intambwe gakondo n'umuziki bya Irlande, yateye imbere mu mbyino ikomeye kandi izwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga." Kubera ko imbyino akenshi "zifitanye isano numubiri wumugore nubunararibonye bwabagore", ababyinnyi b’abakobwa, babyina kwidagadura, rimwe na rimwe babonaga ko batandukanye n’abagore "biyubashye" kuko "bakoresha imibiri yabo kugira ngo babeho aho kubihisha bishoboka cyane ". Imyitwarire ya societe kubabyinnyi b'abakobwa iterwa n'umuco, amateka yarwo n'imyidagaduro ubwayo. Kurugero, mugihe imico imwe n'imwe ifata imbyino iyo ari yo yose yakozwe nabagore nk "" uburyo bwo kwidagadura buteye isoni ", indi mico yashyizeho ibibuga nka clubs za strip aho imbyino zishingiye ku bushake cyangwa zishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina nka striptease zikorwa mu ruhame n’ababyinnyi b’abagore babigize umwuga ahanini abagabo bumva. Ubutegetsi butandukanye bwa politiki bwashatse kugenzura cyangwa kubuza kubyina cyangwa ubwoko bwihariye bwo kubyina, rimwe na rimwe kubera kutemera umuziki cyangwa imyenda bifitanye isano nayo. Gukunda igihugu, gutegekesha igitugu n'ivanguramoko byagize uruhare mu guhagarika imbyino cyangwa kubyina. Kurugero, mugihe cyubutegetsi bwabanazi, imbyino zabanyamerika nka swing, zifatwa nk "" Abadage rwose "," zabaye icyaha rusange kandi cyari gikenewe guhagarikwa ". Mu buryo nk'ubwo, i Shanghai, mu Bushinwa, mu myaka ya za 1930, "kubyina no mu tubyiniro twa nijoro byari bigamije kwerekana ikirenga cyugarije umuryango w'Abashinwa" kandi abayobozi bibajije niba "ubundi buryo bwo kwidagadura nk'uburaya" nabwo bugomba guhagarikwa. Kubuza byagize ingaruka zo gukora "kubyina craze" kurushaho. Muri Irilande, Itegeko ry’imbyino rusange ryo mu 1935 "ryabujijwe - ariko ntiryigeze rihagarara - kubyina ku masangano no mu zindi mbyino zizwi cyane nko kubyina inzu n'imbyino." Muri Amerika, imbyino zitandukanye zigeze kubuzwa, haba kubera nka burlesque, batangaga ibitekerezo, cyangwa kubera ko, nka Twist, bari bafitanye isano nabanyamerika. "Ababyinnyi b'Abanyamerika b'Abanyamerika basanzwe babujijwe gukora ibitaramo bya minstrel kugeza nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu. Imbyino zirashobora gukorwa wenyine (1, 4) muri babiri, (2, 3); mu matsinda, (5, 6, 7); cyangwa n'abahanzi benshi (10). Bashobora gutezimbere (4, 8) cyangwa koreografiya cyane (1, 2, 5, 10); bidatinze kwidagadura kugiti cyawe, (nkigihe abana batangiye kubyinira ubwabo); abumva ku giti cyabo, (4); abumva bishyura (2); isi yose (10); cyangwa abumva bashishikajwe nimbyino runaka (3, 5). Bashobora kuba igice cyibirori, nkubukwe cyangwa umwaka mushya (6, 8); cyangwa umuhango wumuco ufite intego yihariye, nkimbyino yabarwanyi nka haka (7). Imbyino zimwe, nk'imbyino gakondo muri 1 na ballet muri 2, zikeneye ubuhanga buhanitse cyane n'amahugurwa; abandi, nkibishobora, bisaba urwego rwo hejuru cyane rwingufu nubuzima bwiza. Gushimisha abumva ni igice gisanzwe cyimbyino ariko umubiri wacyo akenshi utanga umunezero kubabyinnyi ubwabo (9) Dance – 10 types across 10 cultures 1 Umubyinnyi gakondo (Tayilande) 2 Harlequin na Columbine (Danemarke) 3 Kubyinira mu rubyiniro (Repubulika ya Ceki) 4 Umubyinnyi w'inda (Maroc) 5 Morris kubyina (Ubwongereza) 6 Highland ubukwe (Scotland, 1780) Ababyinnyi 7 b'abarwanyi (Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée) 8 Fire Dragon kubyina umwaka mushya w'ubushinwa Ababyinnyi 9 ba Bhangra mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’abana Abana 10 mu mikino rusange (Koreya y'Amajyaruguru) Inyamaswa[edit | edit source] Inyamaswa zakoreshejwe muburyo bwo kwidagadura imyaka ibihumbi. Bahigwaga kwidagadura (bitandukanye no guhiga ibiryo); yerekanwe mugihe bahiga umuhigo; barebye iyo bahanganye; bakareba mugihe bakora imyitozo yatojwe yo kwishimisha kwabantu. Urugero, Abanyaroma bashimishijwe n'amarushanwa arimo inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'ibikorwa byakozwe n'inyamaswa zatojwe. Barebaga uko "intare n'idubu byabyinaga umuziki w'imiyoboro na cybali; amafarashi yatojwe gupfukama, kunama, kubyina no kwinezeza ... acrobats ihindura intoki hejuru y'intare zo mu gasozi no kuzerera hejuru y'ingwe." Habayeho "guhangana urugomo ninyamaswa zo mu gasozi" kandi "ibitaramo uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana no kumena amaraso". Inyamaswa zikora imyitozo yatojwe cyangwa "ibikorwa" byo kwidagadura kwabantu zirimo ibihuru muri sirusi ya fla, dolphine muri dolphinariya, ninguge zikora amayeri kubateze amatwi mu izina ryumukinnyi wurwego rwumuhanda. Amatungo yabitswe muri pariki mu bihe bya kera yakundaga kubikwa kugirango akoreshwe mu kibuga nk'imyidagaduro cyangwa agaciro kabo ko kwidagadura nka exotica. Amarushanwa menshi hagati yinyamaswa ubu afatwa nkimikino - urugero, gusiganwa ku mafarashi bifatwa nka siporo nisoko yingenzi yimyidagaduro. Ingaruka y’ubukungu bivuze ko nayo ifatwa nkinganda zisi, aho amafarashi atwarwa neza kwisi yose kugirango ahatane mumarushanwa. Muri Ositaraliya, isiganwa ry'amafarashi ryiruka ku munsi w'igikombe cya Melbourne ni umunsi w'ikiruhuko kandi abaturage bafata iryo siganwa nk'ibikorwa ngarukamwaka. Kimwe no gusiganwa ku mafarashi, gusiganwa ku ngamiya bisaba abatwara abantu, mu gihe kwiruka kwa gryhound sibyo. Abantu basanga bishimishije kureba inyamaswa ziruka kurushanwa, zaba zaratojwe, nk'amafarashi, ingamiya cyangwa imbwa, cyangwa idatojwe, nk'inyenzi. Gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro akenshi ntibivugwaho rumwe, cyane cyane guhiga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi. Amarushanwa amwe hagati yinyamaswa, iyo imyidagaduro ikunzwe na rubanda, yabaye itegeko kubera ubugome burimo. Muri ibyo harimo siporo yamaraso nko kuroba idubu, kurwanya imbwa no kurwanya inkoko. Andi marushanwa arimo inyamanswa akomeje kutavugwaho rumwe kandi afite abayashyigikiye n'abayanga. Kurugero, amakimbirane hagati yabatavuga rumwe n’iraswa ry'inuma babona ko ari "imyitozo y'ubugome kandi iteye isoni mu kwerekana ibimenyetso, n'abayishyigikiye babona ko ari imyidagaduro" yageragejwe mu rukiko. Guhiga imbwebwe, bikubiyemo gukoresha amafarasi kimwe n’imbwa, no kurwanya ibimasa, bifite ibice bikomeye byerekana amakinamico, ni imyidagaduro ibiri ifite amateka maremare kandi akomeye. Byombi birimo inyamaswa kandi zifatwa nkimikino, imyidagaduro cyangwa umuco gakondo. Mu mashyirahamwe yashyizweho kugira ngo aharanira uburenganzira bw’inyamaswa harimo bamwe bafite impungenge zirimo gukoresha inyamaswa mu myidagaduro. Icyakora, "mu bihe byinshi by’amatsinda aharanira inyungu z’inyamanswa n’imiryango ishinjwa guhohotera inyamaswa, impande zombi zifite umuco." Animals used for entertainment 'Ala'ud-Din na Mahima Dharma bahiga ingwe mu gihe bari bafitanye ubucuti bukomeye, Punjab, Aziya y'Epfo, 1790 Inguge yatojwe iririmbira abana (1900–20) Imbaga y'abantu ireba Pharlap itwara igikombe cya Melbourne muri Ositaraliya, 1930 Imbaga y'abantu ireba ibimasa muri Mexico, 2010 Circus[edit | edit source] Abana bashimishijwe numugenzi ugenda ukora igitaramo Sirus, isobanurwa ngo "bumwe mu buryo bwo kwinezeza cyane mu myidagaduro", ni ubwoko bwihariye bwo kwerekana amakinamico, burimo ubuhanga butandukanye bwumubiri nka acrobatics na jugling ndetse rimwe na rimwe bukora inyamaswa. Mubisanzwe bitekerezwa nkurugendo rwurugendo rwakozwe hejuru nini, sirusi yabanje gukorerwa ahantu hahoraho. Philip Astley afatwa nkuwashinze siki ya kijyambere mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 18 naho Jules Léotard numuhanzi wigifaransa washimiwe guteza imbere ibihangano bya trapeze, bifatwa nkibisobanuro bya sirusi. Astley yahurije hamwe ibitaramo byari bisanzwe bizwi mu imurikagurisha gakondo ry’Abongereza "byibuze kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17": "gutitira, kubyina imigozi, gukina, amayeri n'ibindi". Byaravuzwe ko "nta sano ihari iri hagati y’umuziki w’Abaroma na sirusi yo muri iki gihe. ... Hagati y’irimbuka rya 'sirus' y’Abaroma n’ishingwa rya Amphitheater ya Astley i Londres nyuma yimyaka 1300, ikintu cyegereye cyane ku mpeta ya sirusi yari uruziga rukomeye rwakozwe n'abarebaga amatsiko bateraniye hafi ya tumbler cyangwa jugler ku cyatsi kibisi. " Ubumaji[edit | edit source] Uburyo bwo kwidagadura buzwi nkubumaji bwa stage cyangwa guhuza no kumenyekana nkibikorwa, bushingiye kumigenzo ninyandiko zimihango yubumaji na dogma zagiye zigizwe numuco gakondo kuva kera. . Ubumaji bwa stage bukorerwa abumva mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye hamwe nahantu: kuri stage, kuri tereviziyo, mumuhanda, no gutura mubirori cyangwa ibirori. Bikunze guhuzwa nubundi buryo bwo kwidagadura, nka comedi cyangwa umuziki ndetse no kwerekana akenshi ni igice cyingenzi mubikorwa byubumaji. Ubumaji bukora bushingiye kuburiganya, gukoresha imitekerereze ya psychologiya, kwica amaboko nubundi buryo bwamayeri kugirango uhe abumva igitekerezo cyuko umuhanzi ashobora kugera kubidashoboka. Abateze amatwi batangajwe n'ibikorwa bya stunt no guhunga ibikorwa bya Harry Houdini, nk'urugero, bamufata nk'umupfumu. Abapfumu ba Fantasy bafite umwanya wingenzi mubuvanganzo mu binyejana byinshi, batanga imyidagaduro kubasomyi babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Abapfumu b'ibyamamare nka Merlin mu migani ya Arthurian banditswe kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 n'icya 6, mu gihe mu kinyejana cya 21, umupfumu ukiri muto Harry Potter yabaye ibintu by'imyidagaduro ku isi igihe urukurikirane rw'ibitabo kuri we rwagurishije kopi zigera kuri miliyoni 450 (nko kuri Kamena 2011), kuyigira urutonde rwibitabo byagurishijwe cyane mumateka. Imikorere/Imyiyerekano yo mumuhanda[edit | edit source] Umukinnyi wa Didgeridoo ashimisha abahisi mumuhanda Imyidagaduro yo mumuhanda, imikorere yumuhanda cyangwa "busking" nuburyo bwo gukora bwagiye bukemura ibibazo byabaturage mu binyejana byinshi. Byari "ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa Londres", nk'urugero, igihe umujyi mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 "wari wuzuye ibintu byinshi kandi bitandukanye". Minstrels cyangwa ibibazo biri mubice gakondo. Ubuhanzi nogukora bisi biracyizihizwa muminsi mikuru ya busking. Hariho uburyo butatu bwibanze bwimikorere yumuhanda. Ifishi yambere ni "uruziga rwerekana". Ikunda guteranya imbaga, mubisanzwe ifite intangiriro nimpera yihariye, kandi bigakorwa hamwe namakinamico yo kumuhanda, gukinisha ibipupe, abapfumu, abanyarwenya, acrobats, jugler ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'abacuranzi. Ubu bwoko bufite ubushobozi bwo kuba bwinjiza amafaranga menshi kubabikora kuko hashobora kuba hari impano nyinshi zituruka kubantu benshi niba bashimishijwe nigikorwa. Abatwara bisi nziza bagenzura imbaga kugirango abakiriya batabuza kugenda ibirenge. Ifishi ya kabiri, kugenda-bikorwa, nta ntangiriro cyangwa iherezo ryihariye. Mubisanzwe, busker itanga ibidukikije bishimishije, akenshi hamwe nibikoresho bidasanzwe, kandi abumva ntibashobora guhagarara kureba cyangwa gushinga imbaga. Rimwe na rimwe, kugenda-byikora ubwabyo bihinduka uruziga. Ifishi ya gatatu, café busking, ikorwa ahanini muri resitora, muri salo, mu tubari no muri café. Ubu bwoko bwibikorwa rimwe na rimwe bukoresha transport rusange nkahantu. Parade[edit | edit source] Parade ikorwa murwego rwintego, akenshi zirenze imwe. Niba imyifatire yabo yaba sombre cyangwa ibirori, kuba ibirori rusange bigamije gukurura ibitekerezo nibikorwa byanze bikunze byerekeza mumodoka isanzwe, parade ifite agaciro keza ko kwidagadura kubabumva. Cavalcades na variant kijyambere, ku motorcade, ni ingero ingendo Leta. Abantu bamwe bareba parade cyangwa umutambagiro bashobora kuba barashyizeho umwete udasanzwe wo kwitabira, mugihe abandi babaye bamwe mubateze amatwi bibaye. Ibyo ari byo byose uko bameze cyangwa intego yibanze, parade ikurura kandi igashimisha abantu babareba bahanyuze. Rimwe na rimwe, igitaramo kibera ahantu habera amakinamico (nka Trooping the Color in 8 ) kandi amatike agurishwa kubantu baboneka mugihe abitabiriye isi yose bitabira binyuze mukwamamaza. Bumwe mu buryo bwa mbere bwa parade ni "intsinzi" - kwerekana bikomeye kandi byerekana ubutunzi bw'amahanga n'iminyago, byatanzwe n'abajenerali b'Abaroma batsinze kugira ngo bishimire intsinzi yabo. Berekanye ubwoko bwatsinzwe namahanga yazamuye icyubahiro cyuwatsinze. "Mu ci ryo mu 46 BGC Julius Sezari yahisemwo kwihimbaza intsinzi enye zabaye mu minsi itandukanye zimara ukwezi." Mu Burayi kuva mu myaka yo hagati kugeza muri Baroque Ubwinjiriro bwa cyami bwizihije uruzinduko rw’umwami mu mujyi hamwe na parade binyuze mu mihanda itatse neza, banyura mu bitaramo bitandukanye. Imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka rya Lord Mayor ryabereye i Londres ni urugero rwa parade yabenegihugu yabayeho kuva mu gihe cyagati. Iminsi mikuru myinshi y’amadini (cyane cyane iyinjizamo ingendo, nk'icyumweru gitagatifu cyangwa umunsi mukuru wa Holi wo mu Buhinde) ifite imyidagaduro yiyongera ku ntego zabo zikomeye. Rimwe na rimwe, imihango y'idini yarahinduwe cyangwa ihinduka imyidagaduro y'isi, cyangwa nka Festa del Redentore muri Veneziya, bashoboye kwiyongera mu kwamamara mu gihe bafite intego z’isi ndetse n'izera. Icyakora, ingendo, nk'urugendo rutagatifu Gatolika rw'Abaroma rwinzira ya Mutagatifu James, Hija y'Abayisilamu na Kumbh Mela y'Abahindu, ishobora kugaragara ku bantu bo hanze nk'imyigaragambyo ishimishije cyangwa urugendo, ntabwo igamije nk'imyidagaduro: ahubwo ni hafi urugendo rwumwuka. Kubwibyo, umubano hagati yabarebera nuwitabira, bitandukanye nimyidagaduro ikwiye, iratandukanye. Uburyo Kumbh Mela, nk'urugero, "yatandukanijwe n'imico yarwo kandi igasubirwamo kugira ngo iburengerazuba bukoreshwe - bituma habaho abaterankunga bitera ikibazo cyane." x Muri rusange parade irashimisha kandi ikanezeza kenshi ushizemo imyambarire idasanzwe, amabara (7, 10). Rimwe na rimwe baribuka (5, 8) cyangwa bakizihiza (1, 4, 6, 8, 9). Rimwe na rimwe baba bafite intego ikomeye, nkigihe iyo contexte ari igisirikare (1, 2, 5), mugihe umugambi ari rimwe na rimwe gutera ubwoba; cyangwa abanyamadini, mugihe abumva bashobora kwitabira cyangwa bafite uruhare (6, 7, 10). Nubwo parade ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi ikaba iri kure (9), birashoboka ko yakundwa cyane, ikurura abayireba kandi ikabashimisha Parades – 10 types, six cultures 1 Intsinzi ya Sezari, Andreani (1588/9) 2 Alfred Jacob Miller Cavalcade nabahinde b'inzoka (1858–60) 3 Parade uhereye kubareba (1816) File:William McKinley 1901 inauguration.ogv 4 Igitaramo cyo gutangiza Perezida wa Amerika McKinley (1897) 5 ikinyabupfura sinzi ku motorcade mu Canada (1945) 6 Ganesh Visarjan, Mumbai (2007) Imyambarire 7 muri parade yumunsi wu Buhinde (2008) 8 Ibirori byo kwizihiza i Londres mbere yabicaye (2008) 9 Flypast (2012) 10 Ibirori byo kwizihiza iminsi mikuru muri Berezile (2014) Fireworks[edit | edit source] Indorerezi kuri Bicentennial fireworks muri Kolombiya Fireworks ni igice cyimyidagaduro myinshi kandi yagumanye kwamamara kuva aho babaye "ikamba ryimyidagaduro yibirori" mu kinyejana cya 17. Byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu Bushinwa, ibya kera bya kera ndetse n’Uburayi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, imiriro yakunzwe cyane mu kinyejana cya 18 kandi hishyuwe ibiciro byinshi ku ba pyrotechniste, cyane cyane abataliyani babishoboye, bahamagajwe mu bindi bihugu kugira ngo bategure kwerekana. Umuriro n'amazi byari ibintu by'ingenzi byarebaga urukiko kubera ko ibyerekanwe "byatewe n'umuriro, urusaku rutunguranye, umwotsi n'ubwiza rusange muri rusange amarangamutima yatekerezaga ko akwiriye ingingo yo gushimisha umutegetsi we: ubwoba bwo gutinya no kumva ko afite icyubahiro gitandukanye n'imbaraga ze. . Amavuko, iminsi-izina, ubukwe na anniversaire byatanze umwanya wo kwizihiza. " Bumwe mu buryo buzwi cyane bwakoreshejwe mu rukiko gukoresha imirishyo ni imwe yakoreshejwe mu kwishimira ko Intambara yo kuzungura kwa Otirishiya irangiye kandi mu gihe inkongi y'umuriro ubwayo yateje inkongi y'umuriro, Umuziki uherekejwe na Royal Fireworks wanditswe na Handel wamamaye kuva icyo gihe. Usibye uruhare rwabo mu myidagaduro ijyanye no gutsinda kwa gisirikare, kwerekana mu rukiko no kwizihiza umuntu ku giti cye, fireworks nayo ikoreshwa mu rwego rw’imihango y’idini. Kurugero, mugihe cyumuhinde Dashavatara Kala wa Gomantaka "imana yurusengero irazenguruka mumyigaragambyo hamwe no kuririmba, kubyina no kwerekana imirishyo myinshi". "Umuriro, urusaku rutunguranye n'umwotsi" bya fireworks biracyafite uruhare runini mu kwizihiza no kwidagadura. Kurugero, fireworks yari bumwe muburyo bwibanze bwo kwerekana bwatoranijwe kugirango twizihize imyaka igihumbi ku isi. Mugihe isaha yakubise mu gicuku na 1999 iba 2000, kwerekana fireworks hamwe n’ibirori byo mu kirere byasuhuzaga umwaka mushya kuko ibihe byahindutse bikageza mu kinyejana gitaha. Fireworks, yateguwe neza kandi yerekana koreografiya, yarekuwe inyuma yinyubako nyinshi zizwi kwisi, harimo ikiraro cya Sydney Harbour, Pyramide ya Giza muri Egiputa, Acropolis muri Atenayi, Square Red i Moscou, Umujyi wa Vatikani i Roma, Irembo rya Brandenburg i Berlin, umunara wa Eiffel i Paris, n'umunara wa Elizabeth i Londres. Siporo[edit | edit source] Gusezerana kwabaterankunga kuva imbaga yabakunzi ba siporo yabataliyani Gusezerana kwabaterankunga nabafana ba Afrika yepfo kugikombe cyisi cya 2010 Amarushanwa ya siporo yamye atanga imyidagaduro kubantu. Gutandukanya abakinnyi nabakurikirana, aba nyuma bazwi nkabareba. Iterambere mu bibuga bya sitade no mu nzu mberabyombi, kimwe no mu gufata amajwi no gutangaza amakuru, byatumye abarebera hanze y’ikibuga bareba siporo, bivamo ko umubare w’abaterana wagiye wiyongera kandi siporo y’abareba igenda ikundwa cyane. Imikino ibiri ikunzwe cyane kwisi yose ni umupira wamaguru hamwe na cricket. Amarushanwa yabo ya nyuma mpuzamahanga, igikombe cyisi cya FIFA nigikombe cyisi cya Cricket, aratangazwa kwisi yose. Kurenga umubare munini cyane ugira uruhare mu gukina iyi siporo, barazwiho kuba isoko nyamukuru yimyidagaduro kuri miliyoni nyinshi zabatari abakinnyi kwisi yose. Imikino igereranywa nibyiciro byinshi, birebire kandi bikunzwe kwisi yose ni Tour de France, ntibisanzwe kuko ibera hanze ya stade idasanzwe, ikorerwa aho mucyaro. Usibye siporo ifite abantu benshi ku isi ndetse n'amarushanwa, nk'imikino Olempike, agaciro k'imyidagaduro ya siporo gashingiye ku muco ndetse n'igihugu abantu bakiniraho. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, imikino ya baseball na basketball nuburyo bwo kwidagadura buzwi; muri Bhutani, siporo y'igihugu ni umuheto; muri Nouvelle-Zélande, ni ubumwe bwa rugby; muri Irani, ni ugusiganwa ku buntu. Ubuyapani budasanzwe bwa sumo kurwana burimo ibintu byimihango bikomoka mumateka maremare. Rimwe na rimwe, nk'itsinda mpuzamahanga ryiruka Hash House Harrier, abitabiriye amahugurwa bashiraho uruvange rwa siporo n'imyidagaduro ubwabo, ahanini batitaye ku ruhare rw'abareba, aho usanga imibereho ari ngombwa kuruta guhatana. Ubwihindurize bwibikorwa muri siporo hanyuma imyidagaduro nayo igira ingaruka ku kirere cyaho. Kurugero, siporo igezweho yo guswera ifitanye isano na Hawaii naho iy'umukino wo gusiganwa ku rubura birashoboka ko yahindutse muri Scandinavia. Mugihe iyi siporo n'imyidagaduro baha abarebera hirya no hino ku isi, abantu bo mu bihugu byombi bikomokaho bakomeje kumenyekana kubera ubuhanga bwabo. Rimwe na rimwe, ikirere gitanga amahirwe yo guhuza indi siporo nko mu mukino wa Hockey - imyidagaduro ikomeye muri Kanada Imurikagurisha, imurikagurisha, guhaha[edit | edit source] Imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha byabayeho kuva kera na kera, byerekana ubutunzi, udushya nibintu byo gucuruza no gutanga imyidagaduro yihariye kimwe n’ahantu ho kwidagadurira ubwabo. Haba mu isoko ryo hagati cyangwa mu iduka rito, "guhaha buri gihe byatangaga uburyo bwo kwishima bwakuye umuntu kumunsi". Ariko, mw'isi ya none, "gucuruza byahindutse imyidagaduro: ibimenyetso bizunguruka, ibimenyetso bimurika, kuvuza umuziki ... ecran ya videwo, kiosque ya mudasobwa ikora, kwita ku munsi .. cafés". Mu kinyejana cya 19, "expos" zashishikarizaga ubuhanzi, inganda n'ubucuruzi byari bimaze kuba mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bari bakunzwe cyane ahubwo banagize ingaruka kubitekerezo mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris 1878 ryorohereje ubufatanye mpuzamahanga kubyerekeye ibitekerezo, guhanga udushya. Kuva i Londres 1851 kugeza i Paris 1900, "abashyitsi barenga miliyoni 200 bari binjiye mu modoka i Londres, Paris, Vienne, Philadelphia, Chicago ndetse n'ibitaramo byinshi bito ku isi." Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose "hasuwe miliyoni zirenga 500 zanditswe binyuze mu kwerekana imurikagurisha ku isi". Mu rwego rwo kwidagadura no kwidagadura, imurikagurisha ryagize ingaruka ku "bintu byose uhereye ku myubakire, ku buryo isi igenda ihinduka, kugeza ku bintu by'ibanze biranga umuntu" kandi muri icyo gihe hashyizweho umubano wa hafi hagati y '"imurikagurisha, izamuka ry’amaduka y’ibiro ndangamurage n’ubuhanzi", isi igezweho yo gukoresha imbaga ninganda zidagadura. Entertainment in expositions and shops Kwamamaza muri 1889 Paris Kumurikagurisha Ryose Abateze amatwi batonze umurongo wa Qatar ku imurikagurisha ry’isi muri Shanghai World Expo 2010 Umupira wumupira wubwoko buteganyirizwa imyidagaduro y'abana mu maduka Umutekano[edit | edit source] Mu kinyejana cya 19, "expos" zashishikarizaga ubuhanzi, inganda n'ubucuruzi byari bimaze kuba mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bari bakunzwe cyane ahubwo banagize ingaruka kubitekerezo mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris 1878 ryorohereje ubufatanye mpuzamahanga kubyerekeye ibitekerezo, guhanga udushya. Kuva i Londres 1851 kugeza i Paris 1900, "abashyitsi barenga miliyoni 200 bari binjiye mu modoka i Londres, Paris, Vienne, Philadelphia, Chicago ndetse n'ibitaramo byinshi bito ku isi." Kuva Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose "hasuwe miliyoni zirenga 500 zanditswe binyuze mu kwerekana imurikagurisha ku isi". Nuburyo bwo kwidagadura no kwidagadura, imurikagurisha ryagize ingaruka ku "bintu byose uhereye ku bwubatsi, ku buryo isi igenda iba, ku bintu by'ibanze biranga umuntu" kandi muri icyo gihe hashyizweho umubano wa hafi hagati y "imurikagurisha, kuzamuka o Imyidagaduro imwe n'imwe, nko mu minsi mikuru minini ( yaba abanyamadini cyangwa ab'isi), ibitaramo, clubs, ibirori n'ibirori, birimo imbaga nyamwinshi. Kuva kera, imbaga y'abantu mu myidagaduro yagiye ihuza ibyago n'akaga, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kwidagadura mu buryo bwo kwidagadura busindisha nk'inzoga. Abagereki ba kera bari bafite Dionysian Amayobera, nk'urugero, hamwe n'Abaroma bari bafite Saturnalia.Ingaruka zo gukabya hamwe n'imbaga y'abantu zirashobora kuvutsa amahame mbwirizamuco mbonezamubano, rimwe na rimwe bigatera gukomeretsa cyangwa no gupfa, nk'urugero, mu gitaramo cya Altamont Free Concert, ibirori byo hanze. urutonde rwibintu bikomeye byabereye muri clubs nijoro birimo ibyatewe na stampede; ubucucike bwinshi; iterabwoba, nkibisasu byaturikiye muri Bali 2002 yibasiwe nijoro; cyane cyane umuriro. Iperereza, nk'iryo ryakorewe muri Amerika nyuma y’umuriro w’ijoro rya sitasiyo ya Sitasiyo akenshi ryerekana ko amasomo twize "ku bijyanye n’umutekano w’umuriro muri clubs nijoro" uhereye ku byabaye mbere nk’umuriro wa Cocoanut Grove "ntabwo byanze bikunze bivamo impinduka zirambye". Imbaraga zo gukumira ibyo bibazo zirimo gushyiraho abapolisi badasanzwe, nka Nyagasani wa Misrule wo mu kinyejana cya 5 cyangwa mu bihe bya none, abashinzwe umutekano bagenzura uburyo bwo kwinjira; kandi no gukomeza kunoza ibipimo bifatika nkibyubaka umutekano. Inganda z’ubukerarugendo ubu zifata umutekano n’umutekano aho imyidagaduro ari umurimo w’ingenzi mu micungire.f amaduka y’ishami n’ingoro ndangamurage ", isi igezweho yo gukoresha imbaga n’imyidagaduro. Inganda[edit | edit source] Nubwo abami, abategetsi n'abantu bakomeye bahoraga bashoboye kwishyura imyidagaduro ibateganyirijwe kandi akenshi bishyuye imyidagaduro rusange, abantu muri rusange bakoze imyidagaduro yabo cyangwa igihe bishoboka, bitabira igitaramo cya Live. Iterambere rya tekinoloji mu kinyejana cya 20 ryasobanuraga ko imyidagaduro ishobora gukorwa itisunze abayireba, igapakira kandi igurishwa ku bucuruzi n’inganda zidagadura. Rimwe na rimwe byitwa ubucuruzi bwerekana, inganda zishingiye kubikorwa byubucuruzi kugirango bitange umusaruro, isoko, gutangaza cyangwa gukwirakwiza ubundi buryo bwa gakondo, harimo nibikorwa byubwoko bwose. Inganda zabaye indashyikirwa kuburyo ubukungu bwarwo bwabaye igice cyihariye cyo kwiga amasomo. Inganda za firime nigice cyimyidagaduro. Ibigize muri byo harimo inganda za firime za Hollywood na Bollywood, ndetse na sinema yo mu Bwongereza ndetse na sinema zose z’Uburayi, harimo Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Espagne, Ubutaliyani n’abandi. Inganda zishingiye ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ni ikindi kintu kigize inganda zidagadura, zikoresha uburyo bumwe n’itangazamakuru (urugero, filime, ibitabo, imbyino n’ibindi bitaramo) mu iterambere, kwamamaza no kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bucuruzi. Pariki kwidagadurira bafise kwishyura abashyitsi na yicayeho, nko coasters igihini, ridable ntoya moshi, baragendera amazi, kandi umwijima yicayeho, ndetse n'ibindi n'amareshyo isano. Parike zubatswe ahantu hanini hagabanijwemo insanganyamatsiko yitwa "ubutaka". Rimwe ryose ho kwidagadurira ishingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko imwe, nko bitandukanye SeaWorld pariki ko kwibanda ku nsanganyamatsiko ubuzima nyanja. Imwe mu ngaruka ziterambere ryinganda zimyidagaduro ni uguhanga ubwoko bushya bwakazi. Mugihe imirimo nkumwanditsi, umucuranzi nuwayihimbye ibaho nkuko bisanzwe, abantu bakora uyu murimo birashoboka ko bazakoreshwa nisosiyete aho kuba patron nkuko byahoze. Imirimo mishya yagaragaye, nka gaffer cyangwa umugenzuzi udasanzwe ushinzwe ibikorwa bya firime, hamwe nabakozi muri parike yimyidagaduro. Ibihembo byicyubahiro bitangwa ninganda kubera kuba indashyikirwa muburyo butandukanye bwo kwidagadura. Kurugero, hari ibihembo byumuziki, Imikino (harimo imikino ya videwo), Urwenya, Urwenya, Ikinamico, Televiziyo, Filime, Imbyino na Magic. Ibihembo bya siporo bikozwe kubisubizo n'ubuhanga, aho kuba agaciro k'imyidagaduro. The entertainment industry Imyidagaduro yuzuye 35mm ya firime yerekana mumasanduku Guhitamo umuziki mububiko bwafashwe amajwi (Ubudage, 1988) Tike yerekana kode ya elegitoronike (Valencia, 2005) Ubwubatsi[edit | edit source] Ubwubatsi bwo kwidagadura[edit | edit source] Inzu zubatswe nintego nkibibuga by'imyidagaduro yakira abayirebye byatanze inyubako nyinshi zizwi kandi zigezweho, mubyamenyekanye cyane muri byo ni inzu yimikino. Ku Bagereki ba kera, "akamaro k'ubwubatsi bw'ikinamico ni ukugaragaza akamaro kabo ku baturage, byagaragaye mu rwibutso rwabo, mu mbaraga zashyizwe mu gishushanyo cyabo, no mu bwitonzi bwashyizwe mu magambo yabo." Nyuma Abanyaroma bateje imbere stade muburyo bwa oval izwi nka sirusi. Mu bihe bya none, zimwe mu nyubako nini zo kwidagadura zazanye imidugudu mu mijyi kimwe n'abayishushanyije. Urugero, Opera Inzu ya Sydney, ni Umurage w’isi kandi O and i Londres ni ikibuga cy’imyidagaduro kirimo ikibuga cyo mu nzu, club yumuziki, sinema n’ahantu ho kumurikwa. Bayreuth Festspielhaus mu Budage ni ikinamico yateguwe kandi yubatswe mu kwerekana ibihangano bimwe bya muzika Babiri mubyingenzi byubatswe muburyo bwo gushushanya ibibuga byabantu benshi ni umuvuduko wa egress n'umutekano. Umuvuduko aho ikibanza kirimo ubusa ni ngombwa haba mu mutekano no mu mutekano, kubera ko imbaga nyamwinshi ifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo itatanye ahantu hateganijwe nabi, biteza umutekano muke. Ibiza bya Hillsborough ni urugero rwukuntu ibintu bibi byubatswe bishobora kugira uruhare mu rupfu rwabumva. Sightlines na acoustics nazo zingenzi zitekerezwaho mubishushanyo mbonera. Mu kinyejana cya 21, ibibuga by'imyidagaduro, cyane cyane stadia, "birashoboka ko bizagaragara mu bwoko bw’imyubakire". Ariko, barasaba "uburyo bushya" bwo gushushanya, kuko bakeneye kuba "ibigo by'imyidagaduro bihanitse, ibibuga byuburambe, bishobora kwishimira muburyo butandukanye". Niyo mpamvu, abubatsi bagomba noneho gushushanya "bafite imirimo ibiri itandukanye mu mutwe, nka siporo n’imyidagaduro ikinira abayireba imbonankubone, ndetse na sitidiyo ya siporo n’imyidagaduro ikora ibisabwa byo kureba no gutega amatwi abumva kure". Architecture for entertainment Kolosayi, Roma (70-80 AD), ikibanza cy'Abaroma cyo kwidagadura Grand Foyer muri Palais Garnier, Paris (1875), yagize uruhare mubwubatsi kwisi yose. Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, mu muhango wo gutangiza (1950) stade nini ku isi kubushobozi Inzu y'imyidagaduro ya O₂, London (2007) Ikigo cy'imyidagaduro cya Flamingo, Vantaa (2008), gikubiyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye by'imyidagaduro (urugero: inzu yerekana sinema, spa, gukubita, imikino ya laser, uburambe busanzwe), amaduka 40 atandukanye na hoteri Ubwubatsi nk'imyidagaduro[edit | edit source] Inzu idafite ishingiro muri parike yimyidagaduro ya Disneyland Abubatsi basunika imbibi zubushushanyo cyangwa ubwubatsi rimwe na rimwe barema inyubako zishimishije kuko zirenze ibyifuzo byabaturage ndetse nabakiriya kandi nibyiza cyane. Inyubako nka Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, yateguwe na Frank Gehry, ni ubu bwoko, ihinduka ubukerarugendo kimwe n’ingoro ndangamurage mpuzamahanga. Izindi nyubako zigaragara zikoreshwa rwose ni ibicucu, byubatswe nkana bigamije gushushanya kandi ntabwo bigamije kuba ingirakamaro. Kurundi ruhande, rimwe na rimwe ubwubatsi ni imyidagaduro, mugihe wigira nkibikorwa. Inganda zubukerarugendo, nkurugero, zirema cyangwa zivugurura inyubako nk "ibintu bikurura" bitigeze bikoreshwa cyangwa bidashobora gukoreshwa kubwintego zabo zigaragara. Ahubwo bongeye gutegurwa gushimisha abashyitsi kenshi bigana uburambe bwumuco. Inyubako, amateka nu mwanya wera rero bikozwe mubicuruzwa byo kugura. Ubukerarugendo nkana nkana bukurura inyubako zubutane kuva kera kugirango "itandukaniro riri hagati yukuri kwamateka n’ahantu ho kwidagadurira muri iki gihe / parike y’insanganyamatsiko biragoye kubisobanura". Ingero zirimo "kubungabunga Alcázar ya Toledo, hamwe n’amateka mabi y’intambara y’abenegihugu, guhindura imbohe z’abacakara mu bukerarugendo bukorerwa muri Gana, [urugero, Ikibuga cya Cape Coast] no kwerekana umuco w’abasangwabutaka muri Libiya". Inyubako zubatswe zidasanzwe muri parike zo kwidagadura zerekana insanganyamatsiko ya parike kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo ari ukuri cyangwa gukora rwose. Ingaruka ziterambere mubitangazamakuru bya elegitoroniki[edit | edit source] Kuba isi ihinduka[edit | edit source] Mugice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 20, iterambere mubitangazamakuru bya elegitoronike ryatumye bishoboka kohereza ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kubantu benshi ku isi. Ikoranabuhanga ryafashaga abantu kubona, kumva no kugira uruhare muburyo bwose bumenyerewe - inkuru, ikinamico, umuziki, imbyino - aho batuye hose. Iterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryimyidagaduro ryafashijwe no kunoza ibikoresho bibika amakuru nka kaseti kaseti cyangwa disiki zoroheje, hamwe no kongera miniaturizasi. Gukoresha mudasobwa no guteza imbere barcode nabyo byatumye itike yoroshye, byihuse kandi kwisi yose. Ubusaza (Absolescence)[edit | edit source] Kwamamaza ikinyamakuru kuri radiyo ya kirisiti (1922) Umunara wa tereviziyo muri Almaty, Kazakisitani (wubatswe 1983) Mu myaka ya za 40, radio yari uburyo bwa elegitoronike bwo kwidagadura mu muryango no mu makuru. Mu myaka ya za 1950, televiziyo niyo yari igikoresho gishya kandi ihita ihinduka isi yose, izana imyidagaduro igaragara, ubanza umukara n'umweru, hanyuma ibara, ku isi. Kugeza mu myaka ya za 70, imikino yashoboraga gukinwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, hanyuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'intoki bitanga imyidagaduro igendanwa, ndetse no mu myaka icumi ishize yikinyejana cya 20, binyuze mu gukina urusobe. Hamwe nibicuruzwa biva mu myidagaduro, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kwidagadura bwabonetse ku giti cyanjye. Abantu ntibashoboraga guhitamo ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro gusa nkigice cyumuziki, firime cyangwa umukino, bashoboraga guhitamo umwanya n ahantu ho kubikoresha. "Ikwirakwizwa ry'abakinnyi b'ibitangazamakuru byikurura no kwibanda kuri mudasobwa nk'urubuga rwo gukoresha firime" hamwe byahinduye cyane uburyo abumva bahura na firime. Imwe mu ngaruka zigaragara ziterwa no kuzamuka kwimyidagaduro ya elegitoronike ni igihe cyashaje cyihuse cyuburyo butandukanye bwo gufata amajwi no kubika. Nkurugero rwumuvuduko wimpinduka ziyobowe nibitangazamakuru bya elegitoronike, mugihe cyibisekuru kimwe, tereviziyo nkigikoresho cyo kwakira ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byimyidagaduro byavuye mubitazwi, bijya mu gitabo, bijya hose kandi amaherezo byasimbuwe. Ikigereranyo kimwe ni uko mu 2011 ingo zirenga 30 ku ijana muri Amerika zaba zifite konsole ya Wii, "hafi ijanisha rimwe ryari rifite televiziyo mu 1953". Bamwe bari biteze ko hagati yimyaka icumi ya kabiri yikinyejana cya 21, imyidagaduro yo kuri interineti yari gusimbuza televiziyo rwose - bitabaye. Icyiswe "impinduramatwara ya digitale" cyabyaye isoko mpuzamahanga igenda itera ibibazo byateje ibibazo leta, ubucuruzi, inganda, nabantu ku giti cyabo, kuko bose bagerageza kubikomeza. Ndetse na stade y'imikino y'ejo hazaza izarushaho guhatana no kureba televiziyo "... mu rwego rwo guhumurizwa, umutekano ndetse no guhora mu makuru n'amajwi n'amashusho n'imyidagaduro bihari." Ibindi bigenda ku ngaruka ziterwa nihinduka rishobora kuba ririmo ibyubatswe rusange nk'ibitaro n'inzu zita ku bageze mu za bukuru, aho televiziyo, ifatwa nka serivisi y'imyidagaduro y'ingenzi ku barwayi ndetse n'abaturage, izakenera gusimburwa no kubona interineti. Muri icyo gihe, ibikenewe bikomeje kwidagadura nka "abashoramari babigize umwuga" byerekana gukomeza imyidagaduro gakondo Guhuriza hamwe[edit | edit source] Mu myaka icumi ya kabiri yikinyejana cya 21, gufata amajwi ya analogue byasimbuwe no gufata amajwi kandi uburyo bwose bwo kwidagadura bwa elegitoronike bwatangiye guhura. Kurugero, guhuza ni ingorabahizi mubikorwa bisanzwe mubikorwa bya firime: mugihe "gutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa byahoze bigenwa nicyumweru cya mbere cyatangiye. Uyu munsi, ... urukurikirane rwerekana 'Windows', nka DVD, kwishyura-kuri -kureba, na fibre-optique ya videwo-ku-bisabwa ikoreshwa mu kongera inyungu. " Bimwe mubyahinduwe ninganda nugusohora ibicuruzwa bishya byubucuruzi binyuze muri serivise zo kwakira amashusho. Guhuza itangazamakuru bivugwa ko birenze ikoranabuhanga: guhuza ni umuco kimwe. Nibindi "ni ibisubizo byimbaraga nkana zo kurengera inyungu zinzego zubucuruzi, ibigo bya politiki nandi matsinda". Kuba isi ihinduka hamwe na imperialism yumuco ningaruka ebyiri zumuco wo guhuza. Abandi barimo kuvuga inkuru zidasanzwe kandi zungurana ibitekerezo kimwe nuburyo francises imwe itangwa binyuze kandi bigira ingaruka muburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga. "Ubwinshi butandukanye muburyo ibimenyetso bishobora kwakirwa no gupakirwa kubareba, binyuze kuri tereviziyo yo ku isi, icyogajuru cyangwa insinga, kandi birumvikana ko binyuze kuri interineti" bigira ingaruka no ku myidagaduro, nka stade ya siporo, ubu ikaba igomba gutegurwa. kugirango abumva bose baba kure kandi ba kure bashobore gukorana muburyo bugezweho - urugero, abumva bashobora "kureba ibintu byingenzi, guhamagara imibare", "gutumiza amatike nibicuruzwa" kandi muri rusange "gukanda mumitungo ya stade igihe icyo aricyo cyose cyumunsi cyangwa nijoro. ". Itangizwa rya tereviziyo ryahinduye kuboneka, igiciro, ubwoko nubwiza bwibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kubaturage kandi guhuza imyidagaduro kumurongo bigira ingaruka nkizo. Kurugero, ibishoboka no gukundwa kubikoresha byakozwe nabakoresha, nkuko bitandukanye nibicuruzwa byubucuruzi, birema "imiyoboro yabateze amatwi [ituma porogaramu itangira". Umuntu ku giti cye hamwe n’amasosiyete bakoresha serivise zo kwakira amashusho kugirango bamenyekanishe ibintu byemewe na rubanda nkimyidagaduro yemewe. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga ryongera ibicuruzwa byimyidagaduro kandi ritanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga, impapuro zigizwe nibirimo ubwazo, birahagaze neza. Kuvuga inkuru, umuziki, ikinamico, imbyino n'imikino biramenyekana kimwe no mu binyejana byahise. Reba kandi[edit | edit source] Amategeko yimyidagaduro Ikigo cyimyidagaduro yumuryango Urutonde rwimyidagaduro Urucacagu rw'imyidagaduro Gukora ubuhanzi 0xfo7wbcybtp39lx50tec4cg4mcsf62 0 8729 79455 78094 2021-09-28T00:08:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali''' (Mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]]: Archidioecesis Kigaliensis ) ni Akarere k'ubutumwa ka [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Yatangiriye muri [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi]] ishyizweho na [[:en:Pope_Paul_VI|Papa Paul wa VI]] ku wa 10 Mata 1976. Icyo gihe yakoraga ibifashijwemo bya hafi n'Umwepiskopi wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare|Butare]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Byumba|Byumba]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu|Cyangugu]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro|Gikongoro]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Kabgayi]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Kibungo]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo|Nyundo]], [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Ruhengeri|Ruhengeri]]. Iyi Arikidiyosezi ni yo yonyine rukumbi iba mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|351x351px|'''Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali''' ni Akarere k'ubutumwa ka kiriziya Gatolika mu Rwanda.]] Icyicaro cya Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali kiri kuri ni Katederali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Mikayile. == Abepiskopi == === Urutonde rw'Abepiskopi ba Kigali === * [[:en:Vincent_Nsengiyumva|Visenti Nsengiyumva]] (1976 &#x2013; 1994) * Tadeyo Ntihinyurwa [ fr ] (9 Werurwe 1996 &#x2013; 19 Ugushyingo 2018) * [[Antoine Kambanda|Antoni Kambanda]]<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/19/181119c.html Resignations and Appointments, 19.11.2018] (Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru), Ibiro bya Papa. Ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2018. Byarebweho ku wa 09 Gashyantare 2021</ref> (19 Ugushyingo 2018 - Ubu) === Abandi bapadiri b'iyi Arikidiyosezi babaye abasenyeri === * Célestin Hakizimana, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Gikongoro mu 2014 * Anaclet Mwumvaneza, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo mu 2016 == Reba kandi == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda]] * [[Urutonde rwa Diyosezi Gatolika mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} ; Inkomoko y'inyongera * "Church Politics and the Genocide in Rwanda", Timothy Longman, ''Journal of Religion in Africa'', Vol. 31, Fasc. 2, Religion and War in the 1990s (May, 2001), pp. 163–186 https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/2/article-p163_4.xml == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201118114538/http://www.archidiocesekigali.org/rw Official website] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkiga.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kiga0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Category:Kigali]] 9a2ixsym8lq1vldsg3a99hv1de3zgnl 0 8730 77744 74855 2021-08-15T17:02:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lithuania_National_Catholic_Church,_Scranton,_PA_-_front_20200621_(2).jpg|thumb|239x239px|Kiliziya Gatolika]] Kiliziya Gatolika mu [[Rwanda]] igizwe n'akarere k'ubutumwa kamwe hamwe na diyosezi zirindwi. == Urutonde rwa diyosezi == === Inama Nkuru y'Abepiskopi Gatolika y'u Rwanda === ==== Akarere k'Ubutumwa ka Kigali ==== * [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare|Diyosezi ya Butare]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu|Diyosezi ya Cyangugu]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro|Diyosezi ya Gikongoro]] ** [[Dosiye:Kabgayi_church.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya gatolika ya Kabgayi ]][[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Diyosezi ya Kabgayi]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Diyosezi ya Kibungo]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo|Diyosezi ya Nyundo]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Ruhengeri|Diyosezi ya Ruhengeri]] ** [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Byumba|Diyosezi ya Byumba]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/rw.html Kwinjira kwa Gatolika-Inzego] . * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/RW.htm GCatholic.org] . [[Category:Rwanda]] jzbh4cp17gxija37ujsal6pe8pfb5vm 0 8731 78922 76133 2021-08-29T12:27:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Easter Mass 2021 at Butare.jpg|thumb|Easter mass]] '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare''' ni agace ka kiliziya cyangwa Diyosezi ya [[:en:Catholic_Church|Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Yubatswe ku wa 11 Nzeri 1961 nka '''Diyosezi ya Astrida''' na [[:en:Pope_John_XXIII|Papa Yohani wa XXIII]], nyuma yaje kwitwa '''Diyosezi ya Butare''' ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1963 na [[:en:Pope_Paul_VI|Papa Pawulo wa VI]] . Iyi Diyosezi ni ikorana bya hafi na [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] . Ku wa 2 Mutarama 1997, Philippe Rukamba yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Butare na [[:en:Pope_John_Paul_II|Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II]] . [[Dosiye:Facade of Catholic Cathedral - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda - 01 (9009757636).jpg|alt=Catholic Cathedral Huye (Butare) in Rwanda|center|thumb|480x480px|Catholic Cathedral Huye (Butare) in Rwanda]] Umupadiri ukuze muri iyi diyosezi yari Msgr [[:en:Eulade_Rudahunga|Eulad Rudahunga]], wakoze ubutumwa kuva mu 1953 kugeza mu 2019. [[:en:Pope_John_Paul_II|Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II]] ni we wamuhaye iri zina rya Musenyeri. == Abepiskopi == === Urutonde rw'abasenyeri ba Butare === * Jean-Baptiste Gahamanyi (1961–1997) * Philippe Rukamba (1997 - ubungubu) === Umwepiskopi wungirije === * Félicien Muvara (1988), Ntiyigeze aba Umushumba == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbutr.html Gatolika-Inzego zinyuranye] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/buta0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Category:Rwanda]] rr429e98fks1yi3jc80t77zlw5elsin 0 8732 76110 74808 2021-07-18T13:22:49Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu''' ( Mu Kilatini: ''Cyanguguen(sis'') ni diyosezi iherereye mu mujyi wa Cyangugu ikaba n'imwe mu zigize Intara ya kiliziya ya [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]] . [[Dosiye:Blessed_Sacrament_Catholic_Church_in_Ontario_Oregon.jpg|thumb|Diyosezi Gatolika ya Cyangugu]] Diyosezi ya Cyangugu (mu gifaransa [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu] ) yashinzwe na Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 1981. Yahawe Musenyeri Thaddeus Ntihinyurwa ku wa 24 Mutarama 1982, kuba umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi kugeza igihe yagiriye kuba Arikiyepiskopi wa [[Kigali]] ku wa 9 Werurwe 1996, akanaba Umuyobozi wa Cyangugu kugeza ku wa 2 Mutarama 1997, igihe papa yashyiragaho umusimbura, Musenyeri Yohani Damascene Bimenyimana, wabaye Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu kugeza yitabye Imana ku wa 11 Werurwe 2018. [[Dosiye:Interior_of_St_Andrew's_Catholic_Church_in_Roanoke,_Virginia.jpg|thumb|Inyubako ya Diyoseze Gatolika imbere]] == Ubuyobozi == * Abepiskopi ba Cyangugu (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatatolika ya Roma) ** Musenyeri Thaddée Ntihinyurwa ( 05/11/1981- 09/03/1996), yagizwe Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali ariko bidatinze aba Umuyobozi hano ** Arikiyepiskopi Thaddée Ntihinyurwa (Umuyobozi kuva ku wa 25/03/1996 - 02/01/1997) ** Musenyeri Jean Damascène Bimenyimana (02/01/1997 - 11/03/2018) ** Musenyeri [[:de:Edouard_Sinayobye|Edouard Sinayobye]] (06/02/2021 - Ubu) == Paruwasi == * Shangi * Nkanka * Mibilizi * Mwezi * Muyange * Nyamasheke [[Dosiye:St._Mary's_Catholic_Church_--_Brenham,_Texas.jpg|thumb|Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke]] * Yove * Cyangugu * Nyabitimbo * Hanika * Tyazo * Mashyuza * Mushaka * Nyakabuye == Reba kandi == * KIliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/cyan0.htm GCatholic.org] [yiyitiriye ] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcyan.html Inzego z'Abagatolika] [ziyitiriye ] * [http://www.diocesecyangugu.com Homepage du Diocèse catholique de Cyangugu (igifaransa)] [[Category:Rwanda]] fwh7k8a26nsvrsyyalzc7n98an3t6tv 0 8733 76332 74817 2021-07-23T06:52:48Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro''' ( Mu Kilatiini: ''Ghikongoroën(sis'') ni diyosezi iherereye mu mujyi wa Gikongoro mu Karere k'Ubutumwa ka Kiliziya ka [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]] . Diyosezi [[Dosiye:Interior_of_Catholic_Cathedral_-_Huye_(Butare)_-_Rwanda_-_03_(9009560242).jpg|thumb|Diyoseze gatolika ya Gikongoro]] ibamo paruwasi ya Kibeho, aho Bikira Mariya yabonekeye abantu mu myaka ya za 1980. Ingoro y'amabonekerwa ya [[Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho|Bikira Mariya Nyina wa Jambo wa Kibeho]] ubu irahari kandi ni ahantu hahurira abakora ingendo nyobokamana. Iyi Diyosezi irimo na paruwasi nini Gatolika i Kaduha na Cyanika. Amateka avuga ko Gikongoro yari intara ikennye cyane mu Rwanda. Gikongoro ubu ni igice cy'Intara y'Amajyepfo. Umwepiskopi wa mbere w'iyi diyosezi, [[:en:Augustin_Misago|Augustin Misago]], yashyizweho igice kubera ko yari yarize kandi yandika ku mabonekerwa ya [[Kibeho]] igihe yari Umuyobozi wa [[:en:Nyakibanda_Major_Seminary|Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda]] . Mu 1999, Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashinje Musenyeri Misago uruhare muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], maze amara amezi 14 muri gereza mu gihe urubanza rwe rwabaga. Amaherezo yaje kugirwa umwere muri Kamena 2000 maze yemererwa gusubira mu mirimo ye yo kuba umwepiskopi. [[Dosiye:Panorama_of_Interior_of_Catholic_Cathedral_-_Huye_(Butare)_-_Rwanda_(9008175467).jpg|thumb|Yashinzwe nka Diyosezi ya Gikongoro ivuye kuri diyoseze ya Butare]] == Amateka == * Ku wa 30 Werurwe 1992: Yashinzwe nka Diyosezi ya Gikongoro ivuye kuri [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare|Diyosezi ya Butare]] == Ubuyobozi == * Abepiskopi ba Gikongoro (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Augustin_Misago|Augustin Misago]] (1992-2012) ** Musenyeri Célestin Hakizimana (2015 - ubungubu) == Reba kandi == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda]] == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/giko0.htm GCatholic.org] [yiyitiriye ] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgiko.html Inzego z'Abagatolika] [ziyitiriye ] [[Category:Rwanda]] d7yenwad6rjotn8l3oke43e6f1bavlu 0 8734 76922 74937 2021-08-03T23:01:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Roma ya Kibungo''' (Mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]]: ''Dioecesis Kibungensis'') ni agace ka kiliziya cyangwa Diyosezi ya Kiliziya Gatolika mu [[Rwanda]] . Yashinzwe ku wa 5 Nzeri 1968 na [[:en:Pope_John_XXIII|Papa Yohani XXIII]] . Ni imwe mu ma Diyosezi abarizwa mu Karere k'ubutumwa ka [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] . [[Dosiye:Diocese catholique de kibungo.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|kibungo]] == Abepiskopi == === Abashumba ba Diyosezi === * Joseph Sibomana (5 Nzeri 1969 - 30 Werurwe 1992) * Frédéric Rubwejanga (30 Werurwe 1992 - 28 Kanama 2007)<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/08/28/0439/01166.html RINUNCE E NOMINE, 28.08.2007] (Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru), Ibiro bya Papa. Byarebwe ku wa 09/02/2021</ref> * Kizito Bahujimihigo (28 Kanama 2007 - 29 Mutarama 2010)<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2010/01/29/0061/00141.html RINUNCE E NOMINE, 29.01.2010] (Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru), Ibiro bya Papa. Byarebweho ku wa 09/02/2021</ref> * [[Antoine Kambanda]] (7 Gicurasi 2013 - 19 Ugushyingo 2018),<ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2013/05/07/0279/00624.html RINUNCE E NOMINE, 07.05.2013] (Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru), Ibiro bya Papa. Byarebweho ku wa 09/02/2021</ref><ref>[https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/19/181119c.html Resignations and Appointments, 19.11.2018], Itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru. Ibiro bya Papa. Byarebweho ku wa 09/02/2021</ref> yagizwe Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali === Abandi bapadiri b'iyi Diyosezi babaye Abasenyeri === * Anastase Mutabazi, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Kagbayi mu 1996 * Servilien Nzakamwita, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Byumba mu 1996 == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkibu.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kibu0.htm GCatholic.org] dn1ozxakkghip5g4cl7kilp6wrl7jiy 0 8735 78095 74831 2021-08-20T23:02:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KotaKinabalu_Sabah_Catholic-Church-of-Mary-Immaculate-03.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya Gatolika ya Ruhengeri yashinzwe na Papa Yohana XXII muri 1960]] '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Ruhengeri''' ( Mu Kilatini: ''Dioecesis Ruhengeriensis'') ni agace ka kiliziya cyangwa Diyosezi ya kiliziya gatolika ya Roma mu [[Rwanda]]. Yashinzwe ku wa 20 Ukuboza 1960 na [[:en:Pope_John_XXIII|Papa Yohani XXIII]] . Iyi Diyosezi ni imwe mu zigize Intara y'Ubutumwa ya [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] . Umwepiskopi uriho ubu ni Vincent Harolimana. Iyi Diyosezi ifite Paruwasi 11 kandi irimo icyahoze ari Intara ya Ruhengeri mu karere ka Musanze. Diyosezi yavuye mu bihe bikomeye by'intambara kuva mu 1990–1998, kandi ku bw'imbaraga za Musenyeri Bahujimihigo, igenda igaragara ko iri ku rwego rw'igihugu rwose. Iyi Diyosezi ifite rimwe mu mashuri makuru akomeye (INES, Institut d'enseignement superieur de Ruhengeri) n'ibitaro bifatika (Hôpital de Nemba). == Urutonde rw'Abasenyeri ba Ruhengeri == [[Dosiye:Musanze_(Ruhengeri),_2018.jpg|thumb|Diyoseze gatolika ya Ruhengeli ibarizwa mu akarere ka Musanze (Ruhengeri)]] * Bernard Manyurane (1960–1961) * Joseph Sibomana (1961–1969) * [[:en:Phocas_Nikwigize|Phocas Nikwigize]] (1968–1996) * Kizito Bahujimihigo (1997 &#x2013; 2007) * Vincent Harolimana (Kuva mu 2012 - Ubu) == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/druhe.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ruhe0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Category:Rwanda]] 6sk81a3u2a44aalqwqry4jwknw2bmpj 0 8736 78098 76921 2021-08-20T23:11:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ruanda_-_Diocesi_di_Byumba.png|thumb| Diyosezi ya Byumba ku ikarita y'u Rwanda]] '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Byumba''' (Mu Kilatin: ''Dioecesis Byumbanus'') ni agace ka kiliziya cyangwa Diyosezi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma mu [[Rwanda]] . Yshinzwe ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 1981 na [[:en:Pope_John_Paul_II|Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II]] . Iyi Diyosezi ni imwe mu zigize Akarere k'Ubutumwa ka [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] . [[Dosiye:Cathedral Parish of Byumba.jpg|thumb|226x226px|Diyoseze gatolika ya byumba]] Servilien Nzakamwita yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Byumba na [[:en:Pope_John_Paul_II|Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II]] ku wa 2 Mutarama 1997. == Urutonde rw'Abasenyeri ba Byumba == * [[:en:Joseph_Ruzindana|Joseph Ruzindana]] (1981-1994) * Servilien Nzakamwita (1996 - ubungubu) == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbyum.html Gatolika-Inzego zinyuranye] [yiyitiriye ] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/byum0.htm GCatholic.org] [yiyitiriye ] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kiliziya]] 2d5nxa0rrfxf1j8ofe8fvqs9hhm0sez 0 8737 76923 74852 2021-08-03T23:30:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo''' ni agace ka kiliziya cyangwa Diyosezi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma mu [[Rwanda]], ifite icyicaro ku [[:en:Nyundo,_Rubavu|Nyundo]] . Yashinzwe ku wa 14 Gashyantare 1952 nka Vikariyati y'Ubutumwa ya Nyundo na [[:en:Pope_Pius_XII|Papa Piyo wa XII]], imwe mu zigize [[:en:Apostolic_vicariate|Vikariyat]]<nowiki/>i y'u [[Rwanda]] . Yashyizwe ku rwego rwa diyosezi ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1959 na Papa Yohani XXIII . Iyi Diyosezi ni imwe mu zigize Akarere k'Ubutumwa ka [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali]] . [[:en:Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church|Umwepiskopi]] wa Nyundo uriho ubu ni Anaclet Mwumvaneza . == Abepiskopi == === Urutonde rw'Abasenyeri ba Nyundo === * [[:en:Aloys_Bigirumwami|Aloys Bigirumwami]] (1952–1973) (harimo no kuba Umuyobozi wa Vikariyati, 1952-1959) * [[:en:Vincent_Nsengiyumva|Vincent Nsengiyumva]] (1973–1976), yagizwe Arikiyepiskopi wa Kigali * [[:en:Wenceslas_Kalibushi|Wenceslas Kalibushi]] (1976–1997) * Alexis Habiyambere, [[:en:Society_of_Jesus|Umuyezuwiti]] (1997–2016) * [[Dosiye:Saint Louis of Nyundo.jpg|center|thumb|640x640px|nyundo]]Anaclet Mwumvaneza (2016 - Kugeza ubu) === Undi mupadiri w'iyi Diyosezi wabaye Umwepiskopi === * Vincent Harolimana, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Ruhengeri mu 2012 == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnyun.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nyun0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kiliziya]] fuwybaz1ltldtqzjxq1tt7t5s1iipft 0 8738 78367 76111 2021-08-24T09:21:51Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi''' (Mu [[Ikilatini|Kilatini]]: ''Kabgayen(sis))'' ni Diyosezi iherereye mu mujyi wa Kabgayi mu ntara y'ubutumwa ya [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] y'i [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]] . [[Dosiye:Kabgayi_church.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya Gatolika paruwasi ya Kabgayi]] == Amateka == * Ku wa 25 Mata 1922: Vikariyati ya Ruanda yashinzwe ivuye mu majyaruguru ya Vikariyati ya Kivu . * Ku wa 14 Gashyantare 1952: Vikariyati ya Ruanda yagabanijwemo Vikariyati ya Kabgayi na [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo|Vikariyati ya Nyundo]] . * Ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1959: Vikariyati ya Kabgayi yagizwe Arikidiyosezi y'Akarere k'Ubutumwa ka Kabgayi. * Ku wa 10 Mata 1976: Yagizwe Diyosezi ya Kabgayi; igengwa na Kigali[[Dosiye:Momento_della_storica_messa_in_onore_di_San_Giovanni_Battista_durante_la_sua_ricorrenza,_nella_villa_comunale_di_Angri_(Sa).jpg|thumb|Ifoto yerekana abakiristo gatolika basengera i Kabgayi]] == Abepiskopi == * Abayobozi ba Vikariyati ya Ruanda (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Léon-Paul_Classe|Léon-Paul Classe,]] M. Afr. (10/04/1922 - 31/01/1945) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Laurent-François_Déprimoz|Laurent-François Déprimoz]], M. Afr. (31/01/1945 - 14/02/1952 ''reba hano hepfo'' ) * Abayobozi ba Vikariyati ya Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Laurent-François_Déprimoz|Laurent-François Déprimoz]], M. Afr. ( ''reba hejuru'' 14/02/1952 - 15/04/1955) ** Musenyeri [[:en:André_Perraudin|André Perraudin]], M. Afr. (19/12/1955 - 10/11/1959 ''reba hano hepfo'' ) * Arkiyepiskopi w'Akarere k'ubutumwa wa Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Arkiyepiskopi [[:en:André_Perraudin|André Perraudin]], M. Afr. ( ''reba hejuru'' 10/11/1959 - 10/04/1976 ''reba hano hepfo'' ) * [[:en:Bishop|Abepiskopi]] ba Kabgayi (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Arkiyepiskopi (Bwite) [[:en:André_Perraudin|André Perraudin]], M. Afr. ( ''reba hejuru'' 10/04/1976 - 07/10/1989) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Thaddée_Nsengiyumva|Thaddée Nsengiyumva]] (07/10/1989 - .../06/1994) ** Fr. [[:en:André_Sibomana|André Sibomana]] (Umuyobozi 11/11/1994 - 13/03/1996) ** Musenyeri Anastase Mutabazi (13/03/1996 - 10/12/2004) ** Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege (21/01/2006 - Ubu)[[File:Kabwayi tample.jpg|thumb|Kabwayi tample]] === Ibisonga by'Abepiskopi === * [[:en:Laurent-François_Déprimoz|Laurent-François Déprimoz]], M. Afr. (1943-1945), nk'Igisonga cy'Umuyobozi wa Vikariyati * [[:en:Thaddée_Nsengiyumva|Thaddée Nsengiyumva]] (1987-1989) === Abandi bapadiri b'iyi diyosezi babaye abasenyeri === * Jean-Baptiste Gahamanyi, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Astrida mu 1961 * Joseph Sibomana, yagizwe Umwepiskopi wa Ruhengeri mu 1961 == Reba kandi == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda]] == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kabg0.htm GCatholic.org] [yiyitiriye ] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkabg.html Inzego z'Abagatolika] [ziyitiriye ] [[Category:Rwanda]] oyqd82iyg7xn02mv8sph9jijg690u9r 0 8739 75404 75403 2021-04-30T18:05:21Z Claude Nizeyimana 9185 Add an image wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jumping comptition at amahoro stadium in kigali, Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] Mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu n’ubukoloni mu [[Rwanda]], [[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] bo hambere bagiraga uburyo bunyuranye bwo kwidagadura no gukina nka bimwe mu byatumaga ubusabane, urukundo n’ubumwe birushaho kwiyongera byaba mu bana bato, urubyiruko n’abakuru. Ibyo byose byerekana ko [[Umukino|imikino]] Atari imitirano ahubwo ko ari umwimere wa gakondo y’abanyarwanda. Abakiri bato bakinaga cyane cyane [[Umukino|imikino]] yabafashaga kutigunga nko kwihishana, ubute, agati, no gusiganwa mu gihe urubyiruko rwakundaga guhurira hamwe rukina [[Umukino|imikino]] yarwubakagamo [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] mwiza no kurujijura nko kubara, guhamya intego ndetse n’iyarwigishaga gushishoza. Urubyiruko rwisumbuye n’abakuru bo bakinaga [[Umukino|imikino]] yabamaraga irungu nko gusimbuka urukiramende, igisoro, kurasa intembe, uruziga, Sebutimbiri, kumasha no gukirana. ==Guhana ubute== Uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] wo guhana ubute ubusanzwe ukinwa n’abana aho baba biruka bagenda bazibukirana maze uwatangiye yagira uwo akora akaba amuhaye ubute. Uyu wahawe ubute akora ibishoboka ngo agire uwo akoraho kugira ngo abumuhe. Abakina bakomeza batyo maze uwo [[umukino]] urangiriyeho akitwa ko araranye ubute ndetse akenshi bikamutera ipfunwe n’ikimwaro ku buryo na we ikindi gihe azajya aharanira kudatsindwa. ==Kubuguza== Kubuguza ni umukino ufasha abawukina kumenya kubara neza no gutekereza cyane kuko mu byo ugomba gukora ngo utsinde harimo no kubara inka z’uwo mukina hamwe, ugakora ku buryo inka zawe ataza kuzirya kugira ngo atagutsinda. [[File:Rwandan old Man playing Igisoro sharing drinks in traditional tool called AGACUMA.jpg|alt=Abagabo babiri babuguza ari na ko basangira inzoga mu gacuma|thumb|Abagabo babiri babuguza ari na ko basangira inzoga mu gacuma]] ==Igisoro== [[Umukino]] w’Igisoro ni umwe mu mikino izwi ko ari iya kera cyane mu [[Rwanda]]. Igisoro kibazwa mu giti cyangwa kikabumbwa ariko n’abana bashobora kugikora bacukura utwobo mu butaka. Muri rusange, Igisoro kigizwe n’impande ebyiri, buri ruhande rugizwe n’utwobo cumi na dutandatu aho buri kamwe kitwa icuba. Bivuze ko utwobo twose tugize igisoro ari mirongo itatu na tubiri. Igisoro gikinwa n’abantu babiri bakoresheje utubuye tw’igisoro mirongo itandatu na tune. Utwo tubuye hari abatwita inka cyangwa imbuguzo. Kugira ngo utsinde, bisaba ko urya inka za mugenzi wawe zose ukazimumaraho. [[File:Igisoro Traditional Game in Rwanda.jpg|alt=Igisoro, umwe mu mikino gakondo mu Rwanda|center|thumb|Igisoro, umwe mu mikino gakondo mu Rwanda]] ==Gusimbuka urukiramende== Ubusanzwe, Urukiramende rugira uduti dutatu, udushingwa tubiri n’umutambiko wa gatatu. Abakina uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] bagenda basimbuka maze ugushije umutambiko w’urukiramende bakavuga ko arunereye. Abo basimbuka bahora bunguruza bazamura hejuru bagahagararira aho rubananiriye. Uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] wakundwaga cyane n’urubyiruko kuko wabashimishaga kandi ukerekana ko koko bafite ingufu. ==Sebutimbiri== Sebutimbiri ni ugusimbuka uzamuriye rimwe amaguru ugasimbuka inkiramende zikurikiranye. Iyo abantu bakinaga Sebutimbiri bakurikiranyaga inkiramende zigeze kuri esheshatu bakagenda bazisimbuka Sebutimbiri. Izo nkiramende aba ari ngufi cyane nka sentimetero mirongo itanu, ugushije rumwe akaba aratsinzwe. ==Gukirana== Gukirana ni [[umukino]] wakinwaga n’abantu babiri aho bafatanaga mu nda hanyuma bakagundagurana ariko badakubitana. Uwitwaga ko yatsinze ni uwashoboraga gutura undi hasi. [[File:A bana.jpg|thumb|Abana barimo gukina umukino wo gukirana]] ==Kunyabanwa== Uyu wari [[umukino]] njyarugamba wakinwaga n’abashumba bapfa ibuga aho [[inka]] zanyweraga amazi. Uyu [[Umukino|mukino]] wakinishwaga inkoni hagamijwe kureba uganza bityo [[inka]] ze zikabanza kunywa amazi mbere. ==Intembe== Intembe ubundi ni inguri y’insina babazagamo uruziga rwo guhirika, rwabaga rufite hagati umwenge babonezamo barasa. Abakinaga intembe babaga bafite umuheto n’imyambi y’ibisongo bagahagarara kuri gahunda bitegeye kuyibonezamo. Umwe akayihirika imbere yabo, hakavamo uboneza akayirasa yihirika akaboneza muri wa mwenge wayo akaba atsinze abandi igitego maze bagakomeza bose bakarushanwa. ==Kumasha== Kumasha ni [[umukino]] wo kurushanwa kuboneza. Bareba ahantu hameze neza bakahateranira bafite umuheto n’impiru, bakareba icyo bashinga ngo bakimashe. Ibi babyitaga kandi kurasa intego. Bamwe bakundaga gushinga nk’umutumba w’insina. Uyu mukino watumaga urubyiruko rwitoza kuboneza kugira ngo ku rugamba cyangwa mu muhigo bazashobore guhiga abandi. ==Kwiyasira== Ibi byarakorwanga n’abakurambere b’[[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] ubwo babaga bari mu [[Umukino|mukino]] w’amahigi. Ni [[umukino]] abakurambere bakinaga bahiga inyamaswa aho muri uwo muhigo bashoboraga kuvanamo ibyo kurya, imyambaro n’ibindi. Uyu ntubarwa nk’[[umukino]] gusa kuko wari n’umwuga wa mbere wakozwe n’[[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] bo hambere mbere yo kumenya guhinga no korora. Mu gihe imyinshi mu mikino gakondo yo mu [[Rwanda]] isa n’iyazimye kandi yari ifatiye runini [[:fr:Banyarwanda|abanyarwanda]] mu mibereho yabo kuko yabafashaga gusabana no gukarishya ubwenge, kugira ubuzima buzira umuze, kuruhura [[umubiri]], gufasha amaraso gutembera neza mu [[Umubiri|mubiri]], kurinda indwara n’ibindi; ubu hatangiye kurebwa uko iyo [[Umukino|mikino]] igaruka. ==Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko== * P4: Kinyarwanda, REB (Rwanda Education Board). Umutwe wa kane: imikino n’ imyidagaduro. Byarebwe ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2021 kuri https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=187&section=4#collapse-1 *Imikino Gakondo mu Rwanda ishobora kuba igiye kongera kugira agaciro. Pascal Bakomere. 13 Nyakanga, 2018. Byarebwe ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2021 kuri http://www.impamba.com/2018/07/13/imikino-gakondo-mu-rwanda-ishobora-kuba-igiye-kongera-kugira-agaciro/ *Imikino gakondo iramutse itejwe imbere yatuma u Rwanda rumenyekana mu ruhando mpuzamahanga. Kuwa 28-08-2017 saa 10h28'. Byarebwe ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2021 kuri https://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/imikino-gakondo-iramutse-itejwe [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] p0x5avcgbluj67c3j0s9hakj8uulogf 0 8740 77982 77852 2021-08-19T20:59:07Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cyprien et Daphrose Rugamba (Kigali, Rwanda, 1992) - Cropped.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Rugamba Cyprien n'umufasha we Daphrose]] [[Dosiye:Guitar May 2009-1.jpg|thumb|gitari]] Rugamba Cyprien umwanditsi, umushakashatsi, umusizi ndetse n'umuririmbyi wamenyekanye cyane mu torero rye Amasimbi n'amakombe. == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == Rugamba Cyprien yavutse ahagana mu mwaka wa 1935, yavukiye mugace k'icyaro i karama mu cyahoze ari komini ya karama muri Gikongoro ya kera, ahitwa ku Muyange kuhagera uvuye mumugi wa nyamagabe ugenda ibirometero cumi na bibiri (12).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/wari-uzi-ko-rugamba-sipiriyani-atigeze-aririmba-mu-ndirimbo-ze</ref> yavutse kuri Bicakungeri Michel na Nyirakinani Tereziya yavutse ari umwana wa kane mu muryango w'iwabo, akivuka yiswe Sirikare amaze gukura nibwo yafashe izina rya Rugamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/wari-uzi-ko-rugamba-sipiriyani-atigeze-aririmba-mu-ndirimbo-ze</ref> Rugamba yavukiye mu muryango utarakundaga gusenga gusa yabyirutse akunda Imana . Amashuri abanza yayigiye muri paruwasi ya cyanika ubu ni mu karere ka Nyamagabe kubera ubwenge yarafite yasimbukijwe amashuri abiri nyuma yo gusoza amashuri abanza yakomereje ayisumbuye muri seminari ntoya y'i Kabgayi izwi ku izina rya St Leon. Rugamba yifuzaga kuba umupadiri yavuye i kabgayi akomereza muri seminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda. Rugamba Cyprien yake gukomereza kaminuza i Bujumbura abifashijwemo nabakoroni bababiligi mu ishami ry' amateka asoje ayo masomo yaje gukomereza icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu Bubiligi muri kaminuza ya Louvain. Nubwo yigaga yanabivangaga nibikorwa by'ubusizi n'ubuhanzi. Ubwo yari mububiligi yahahimbiye indirimbo nyinshi anandika ibitabo byinshi byahurizaga kugukebura umuryango nyarwanda yabonaga uyoba ugana ahabi mw'ivangura n'ubwicanyi.<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umuhungu-wa-rugamba-sipiriyani-yavuze-ko-ise-atigeze-aririmba</ref> == Umwuga == Ubwo Rugamba Cyprien yagarukaga mu [[Rwanda]] yakoze muri minisiteri y'uburezi, ahavuye aba perefe wa kibuye Umwaka umwe, yabaye umuyobozi w'ishuri nderabarezi rya IPN, ndetse aza nogukora mu cyahoze ari IRST yahagaritse gukoramo mu wa 1989. Nubwo yakoraga ibyo byose Rugamba Cyprien ntibyamubuzaga gukora ibikorwa bye bijyanye n'ubusizi ndetse no guhimba indirimbo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/wari-uzi-ko-rugamba-sipiriyani-atigeze-aririmba-mu-ndirimbo-ze</ref> == Umuryango == Rugamba Cyprien yakunze umukobwa witwa Mukangiro Saverina cyane akamuhimbira ibisigo, indirimbo ndetse n'ibihozo harimo nka Musaninyange n'ibindi. yahimbye imitoma amurata imico n'uburanga. mu mwaka wa 1963 Rugamba yabuze umukunzi we kubera politiki y'ivangura aho umukunzi yishwe kuri noheri azira ko ari umututsi akajugunywa mu mugezi wa mwogo. Rugamba warubanye neza n'umuryango wa Mukangiro Saverina yahisemo kuwugumamo maze ubwo yagarukaga mu wa 1965 atwara undi witwaga Mukansanga Daphrose wari mubyara wa Mukangiro Saverina.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/wari-uzi-ko-rugamba-sipiriyani-atigeze-aririmba-mu-ndirimbo-ze</ref> == Ibindi == Mugihe Rugamba cyprien yari mu mashuri yisumbuye muri seminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda aho yategurirwaga kuzaba umupadiri yaje kuba umuhakanyi yiyomora ku myemerera yo kwemera Imana, mu mpamvu zaba zaramuteye gutera umugongo Imana ndetse na kiliziya Gatolika ngo n'uburyo yabonaga abihayimana bo mugihe cye ndetse nabo yamenye mbere babiba urwango mu bantu, inyigisho zabasenyeri zo gutanya abanyarwanda zatumye atakariza icyizere umwuga wo kwiha Imana ahita abihagarika, ikindi cyaba cyaramuteye kureka inzira yo kwiha Imana no kuyemera nuko yari yaracengewe nagace k'isomo rya filozofiya kavuga ku ihame ryo kubaho kw'ibintu hatabayeho iremwa(Existensialisme et Materialisme) gusa nyuma yongeye kwizera Imana nyuma yo kumva ijwi ry'Imana ubwo yaravuye kwivuza mu Bubiligi uburwayi bwo kutumva ndetse no kumva adashaka kurya iryo jwi yaryumvise ari mu ndege rimusaba guhinduka kuva ubwo ahimba indirimbo nyinshi zihimbaza Imana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-ya-rugamba-sipiriyani-wishwe-muri-jenoside |accessdate=2021-02-12 |archive-date=2020-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219183138/http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-ya-rugamba-sipiriyani-wishwe-muri-jenoside |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Rugamba Cyprien na Daphrose nibo bashinze umuryango witwa Communaute de l'Emmanuel mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1990. hanyuma yanashinze ikigo cyabitiriwe gifasha abana bo mu muhanda.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/09/150918_rugamba</ref> Rugamba Cyprien yari atuye kimihurura hafi y'ikigo cya IFAK aho hafi hari ikigo cya gisirikare cyabagamo abasirikare barindaga Habyarimana kandi yari yarashizwe kurutonde rwabagombaga kwicwa byari bigoye ko yarokoka ubwo Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yagwagwa, Umuryango wa Rugamba uri muyaherewe yicwa muri Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata mu wa 1994 ku itariki zirindwi(7) harokotse umuhungu we w'imfura n'umukobwe we bari baraye i Butare kwa Nyirasenge.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/wari-uzi-ko-rugamba-sipiriyani-atigeze-aririmba-mu-ndirimbo-ze</ref> == Ibindi wareba == * Amasimbi n'amakombe * [https://emmanuel.info/kigali/ Communaute de l'Emmanuel] == Aho byakuwe == <references /> # # ddksh2qm5jrtd9zm31v0g5vshf5o3dm 0 8741 77210 76674 2021-08-09T17:21:17Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:King-faisal-hospital-kigali-logo.png|thumb|153x153px|Ikirango cy'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal ( King Faisal)]] '''[https://kfh.rw/ Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali]''' byashinzwe hagati ya 1987 na 1991 hifashishijwe ikigega cya Arabiya Sawudite gishinzwe iterambere (SFD). Ni ibitaro binini byubatse kuri Hegitari 7.9. Biherereye ahantu hirengeye kandi ifite metero kare 18,000 zubutaka bwagabanijwe hejuru yamagorofa 4 ninyubako yagutse ya metero kare 2,285 yubutaka. Ibi bitaro bitanga ubuvuzi bwihariye, harimo gusuzuma indwara no kuvura byihariye. == Ibikoresho == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali bifite ibitanda 160. Ibyo bikubiyemo ibitanda 7 by'abarwayi baba byitaweho cyane (ICU), ibitanda 7 byiganjemo abantu benshi, aho babagira 5, ibitanda 7 bya Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ( NICU ), ibitanda 13 mu byumba by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa n’ibyumba 2 by’ubutabazi bwuzuye. Ibitaro kandi bifite ibaba ryigenga rifite ibyumba 8 byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, 2 muri byo ni ibyumba bya ICU. Ugereranyije, impuzandengo ya buri mwaka umubare w’abarwayi bisuzumisha ni 72,201 ,umubare mpuzandengo w’abinjira ibitaro ni 8.346, iminsi yo kumara mubitaro muri rusange ni 5. Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Kigali biherutse kugura Laboratwari nshya ya Cat ( Catheterisation ) hamwe na scaneri ya1.5 . Ibitaro kandi nibyo byonyine bifite scaneri ya CT ifite ubushobozi bwo gukata 128 mu gihugu kimwe n’imashini 13 za hemodialyse . Kuri ubu, ibitaro birimo gukora umushinga wo [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/01/king-faisal-hospital-in-rwanda-to-undergo-us-20m-facelift/ kuvugurura] no [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/we-want-attract-rwandan-medics-abroad-new-king-faisal-ceo kwagura] . Inzu nshya y’ubuvuzi irimo kubakwa igizwe n’ibyumba 45 by’ubujyanama n’ivuriro rishya ry’ubuvuzi rizatanga serivisi nziza. Icyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga wo kuvugurura cyibanze ku kuvugurura inzu y’ibitaro n’ibaba ryayo ryigenga ry’abarwayi. [[Dosiye:Going_into_MRI.jpg|thumb|201x201px|Gusuzuma nimwe muri Serivisi zitangirwa mu bitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal bya Kigali]] == Umwihariko == Ibi bitaro byashoye imari mu buhanga bw’ubuvuzi harimo umutima, cardio-thoracic, neurosurgie na orthopedics. undi mwihariko harimo neprology, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'abana, oncology, ginecology n'ababyaza, ENT, urology, pulmonology, amenyo na serivise za maxillofacial, amaso, ubuvuzi bw'uruhu, hematology, na serivisi z’indwara. == Kwemererwa == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali byemewe na (COHSASA). [http://cohsasa.co.za/ COHSASA] ni urwego rufite icyicaro i Cape Town, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] rufite impamyabumenyi y’ubuvuzi nayo yemerwa na [https://isqua.org/ ISQua], umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi. == Foundation y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Rwanda (KFHRF) == Fondasiyo y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Rwanda kuri ubu iri mu ntangiriro yayo nyuma ya gahunda y'ibikorwa yemejwe n'ibitaro mu Kwakira 2020. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, intego nyamukuru za Fondasiyo ni ugushyigikira abashakashatsi binyuze mu kubatera inkunga, amahugurwa no koroherezwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ubushakashatsi, gushyiraho umubano w’ibikorwa n’ibigo bitera inkunga amasomo, bishingiye ku bushakashatsi no gutera inkunga amahugurwa y’abashakashatsi mu buvuzi. Igice gishinzwe imibereho myiza kigize urufatiro rw'iyi fondasiyo, ibitaro bizafasha muburyo bw'amafaranga abarwayi badafite ubushobozi bwo kwivuza bizakomeza gukangurira abaturage ibijyanye na NCDs, kwisuzumisha hakiri kare indwara zivukanwa nizisaba kubaga muburyo bwo kuzikumira. Byongeye kandi, fondasiyo izatera inkunga ingando zo kubaga / kwegera igihugu mu rwego rwo kugabanya urutonde rurerure rwo gutegereza mubindi bitaro . Hanyuma, murwego rwuburezi, fondasiyo izateza imbere ibikoresho bishya byo kwiga harimo kwigira kwikoranabuhanga no gutera inkunga Ubuvuzi bukomeza (CME). [[Dosiye:Tri-Service_General_Hospital_nahu-2.jpg|thumb|Inyubako z'ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'ibitaro byo mu Rwanda * Ubuzima mu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207813/ Kuvugurura ibitaro bya King Faisal bitangira ukwezi gutaha] Kuva 8 Gashyantare 2017. [[Category:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 7zrftvwv94fytilo8rvndgsz64dazio 0 8742 76882 76881 2021-08-03T05:55:50Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kigali_citi_tower.jpg|Kigali_citi_tower.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Rubin16|Rubin16]] because: [[:c:COM:NETCOPYRIGHT|Copyright violation]], found elsewhere on the web and unlikely to be own work ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1 wikitext text/x-wiki Kigali City Tower ni inzu yambere ndende mu [[Rwanda]] igaragaza ubwiza n'umuvuduko w'iterambere u [[Rwanda]] rumaze kugeraho ukurikije ikigereranyo n'icyerekezo cya makumyabiri makumyabiri (2020)<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g293829-d12281221-Reviews-Kigali_City_Tower-Kigali_Kigali_Province.html</ref> [[File:KigaliCityTower.jpg|thumb|Inzu ndende ya Kigali city tower]] Kigali City tower ni inzu ikoreramo ibiro byinshi byabikorera ( private sector) ndetse naho gucururiza hatandukanye biherereye i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] . Iyi nzu igizwe n'umunara w'amagorofa 20, muremure mu gihugu, ahakorerwa ubucuruzi nk'amagorofa ane hamwe na parikingi y'imodoka, umwanya ugabanijwe hagati y'ibiro bikodeshwa hamwe n’ibicuruzwa. Abacuruzi bakomeye barimo supermarket Nakumatt, Ikawa ya Bourbon na ndetse n'amazu ane yerekana firimi mu [[Rwanda]] ( Cinema Centers). Iyi nyubako, iri ahahoze hitwa muri gale yo mu mugi , yakozwe n’umucuruzi wo mu [[Rwanda]] witwa Hatari Sekoko kandi yubatswe n’abashakashatsi b’abashinwa. Imirimo yo kubaka yatangiye mu 2006 ifungurwa muri 2011. == Amateka == Kuva yagera ku butegetsi muri 2000, Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] yashatse guhindura u [[Rwanda]] rukava mu gihugu gikennye gishingiye ku buhinzi, ubworozi kikaba igihugu cyinjiza amafaranga kandi gifite serivisi zikomeye kandi zigera kuri buri muntu. Iyi politiki ishingiye ku kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, kwegurira abikorera inganda za Leta no kugabanya imisoro ku bucuruzi, byatumye ubukungu bwiyongera cyane hagati ya 2004 na 2010,ku 8% ku mwaka. Ihinduka ry'ubukungu ryatumye ubwubatsi bugenda bwiyongera kuko ibikenerwa mu biro ndetse no gutura mu mijyi byiyongereye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Iterambere-rya-Kigali-Kuva-ku-nzu-ya-Kandt-kugera-kuri-Kigali-City-Tower</ref> Umushinga wa Kigali City Tower watangiye mu 2006 utangizwa n’umucuruzi wo mu [[Rwanda]] Hatari Sekoko, abinyujije muri sosiyete ye Doyelcy Limited. Sekoko, wahoze ari inararibonye mu muryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] mu ntambara yo kubohora igihugu, yakoraga mu Buyapani kuva mu 1995 kugira ngo ashakishe amafaranga, mbere yo kugaruka mu [[Rwanda]] gutangiza ubucuruzi bwo gukwirakwiza ikawa nyuma yaje kwinjira mu bucuruzi bw'umutungo utimukanwa no kwakira abashyitsi. Icyiciro cya mbere cy'uwo mushinga ni iyubakwa ry’inyubako ya parikingi, yatangiye mu 2007. Kuri icyo cyiciro, umunara wari wasabwe nk'inyubako izenguruka ifite igishushanyo mbonera, mu 2008,  ikipe ya Sekoko yari yahinduye ishusho yo kubaka kugira bagerageze gushyiramo ibyumba byinshi. Sekoko yagiranye amasezerano n’isosiyete y’Abashinwa China Civil Engineering Construction kubaka iyi nyubako, anakura ibikoresho fatizo muri depo ye bwite i Guangzhou, mu Bushinwa. Iyi nyubako yuzuye mu ntangiriro za 2011, maze abadandaza n’amasosiyete batangira gufata umwanya nyuma yaho. Uruganda rwerekana amashusho (Century Cinema) rwuzuye muri Werurwe 2013 rufungura muri Gicurasi 2013.<ref>https://yegob.rw/inyubako-10-zihenze-kurusha-izindi-muri-kigali-nagaciro-kazo-amafoto/</ref> == Ikibanza n'igishushanyo == [[File:Ni nziza kigali city.jpg|thumb|Ni nziza kigali city]] Kigali City Tower iri ku Muhanda wa Avenue du commerce, uzwi kandi ku izina rya KN 76, mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Karere ka Nyarugenge]], akaba ari akarere k'ubucuruzi hagati ya [[Kigali]]. Iyi nyubako iri ahahoze gari nkuru yo mu mugi, yafunzwe mu 2005. Iyi nyubako igizwe n'ibice bitatu: umunara uzamuka mu magorofa 20, ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi mu magorofa 4, hamwe na parikingi y'imodoka nayo ifite amagorofa 4. Kuva mu 2013 iyi nzu ni inyubako ndende muri Kigali no mu [[Rwanda]]. Umwanya wose wo kugurisha ni 10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft) mugihe umwanya wibiro ari 7,000 square metres (75,000 sq ft). Iyi nyubako yubatswe ahanini mu mwanya w'ibiro, hamwe nubutaka gusa, hasi hasi no hasi hejuru haracururizwa. Buri igorofa yumunara ifite 336 square metres (3,620 sq ft) yumwanya wibiro uhari.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTRq5htSbgQ</ref> == Gucuruza no kwidagadura == Abacuruzi ukomeye muri iyi nzu ni societe ya supermarket ikomoka muri Kenya Nakumatt, rwigaruriye hasi n’ubutaka bwo hasi bw’iyi nzu, ndetse no hasi y’inyubako ya parikingi. Iyi yari iduka rya kabiri rya Nakumatt rya Kigali, irindi ryari muri Union Trade Center . Amaduka y’imyenda yo muri Afurika yepfo Mr Price yafunguye ishami ryayo ryambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] muri iyi nzu mu mwaka wa 2011, iyobowe na franchisee Deacons Kenya, ndetse n'inzu y’ikawa nziza ya Bourbon Coffee ikora ikawa n’ahantu ho kwicara hanze, kimwe mu bicuruzwa bitanu biri mu mujyi. Igorofa ya gatatu ry'iyi nzu yubucuruzi irimo Century Cinema complex. Sinema ifite ecran enye: ecran eshatu zisanzwe zifite imyanya 233, 135, 70, hamwe na 4D ya firime (yagurishijwe nka 5D) yicara 18, iyambere muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba.<ref>https://centurycinemasrw.com/</ref> Abandi batanga ibicuruzwa barimo ibigendanye n'ibiryo, mu igorofa rya mbere ry’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi, ikigo ngororamubiri ndetse naho barerera incuke(daycare nursery). Umwanya ucururizwamo muri iyi nzu ugizwe n'akabari / resitora mu igorofa yo hasi, ishami rya [[Banki ya Kigali]] mu igorofa yo hasi, na resitora ifite akabari hejuru yo hejuru hamwe na club ya nijoro mu igorofa yo hejuru.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imbaraga-zidasanzwe-zahinduye-isura-ya-Kigali-mu-myaka-25-ishize</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|33em}} [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Kigali city tower]] [[Category:Ubucuruzi]] svuh7tua2dhi6xp3zdo6nyaboflwu5n 0 8744 74959 2021-02-12T04:39:08Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:B501:D717:8FF4:EDAE Redirected page to [[TK Davis]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[TK Davis]] __STATICREDIRECT__ 3m16d24h2mtce3jpd6bh87ret51mu6q 10 8745 75050 75029 2021-02-18T02:11:24Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard plainlist | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''Musical career'''}} | decat = yes <!-- remove from template:infobox tracking categories --> | abovestyle = 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{{{Current_members|{{{current_members|}}}}}} | header17 = {{#if:{{{Past_members|{{{past_members|{{{Former_members|{{{former_members|}}}}}}}}}}}}|<nowiki />}} | label18 = {{Nowrap|Past members}} | data18 = {{{Past_members|{{{past_members|{{{Former_members|{{{former_members|}}}}}}}}}}}} | data21 = {{{module|}}} | data22 = {{{module2|}}} | data23 = {{{module3|}}} }}<includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:Articles with hCards]]{{Infobox musical artist/tracking|{{{Background|{{{background|}}}}}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters | check | unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Template:Infobox musical artist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}| preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox musical artist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | embed | Background | background | honorific_prefix | Name | name | honorific_suffix | Img | image | Landscape | landscape | Img_size | image_size | image_upright | Img_upright | Img_alt | alt | Img_capt | caption | native_name | native_name_lang | Birth_name | birth_name | Alias | alias | birth_date | birth_place | Origin | origin | death_date | death_place | Genre | genre | Occupations | occupations | Occupation | occupation | Instrument | instrument | instruments | Years_active | years_active | yearsactive | Label | label | Associated_acts | associated_acts | website | URL | url | Current_members | current_members | Past_members | past_members | Former_members | former_members | module | module2 | module3 }}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 3hbs7j20xt73ieiwisjp2au29jv5eyg 10 8746 75049 74961 2021-02-18T02:07:33Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Redirected page to [[Template:Infobox Musical Artist]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox Musical Artist]] dwawu0lrts3id64gfv3bhqbhd2hffct 10 8747 83770 74969 2022-05-18T10:20:00Z BevoLJ 10818 {{High-use}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Template:Userbox}} {{Documentation subpage}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|2}}|old ||{{High-use}}{{Lua|Module:Infobox}}}}</includeonly> {{Parameter names example |name={{PAGENAME}} <!--|child |subbox |decat--> |title |above |subheader |subheader1 |subheader2={{{subheader2}}}<br/>...... |image|caption |image1|caption1 |image2|caption2={{{caption2}}}<br/>...... |header1=<div style="border-top:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{header1}}}<br/>{{nobold|( ''or'' )}}</div> |label2={{{label1}}} |data2={{{data1}}} |data3=( ''or'' ) |data4=<div style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{data1}}}</div> |header5={{{header2}}}<br/><div style="padding:0.75em 0 0.5em;">{{nobold|( ''or'' )}}</div> |label6={{{label2}}} |data6={{{data2}}} |data7=( ''or'' ) |data8=<div style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc;">{{{data2}}}</div> |data9=<div style="padding:0.75em 0 0.5em;">( ''etc'' )</div> |below }} This template is intended as a meta template: a template used for constructing other templates. '''Note''': In general, it is not meant for use directly in an article, but can be used on a one-off basis if required. [[Help:Infobox]] contains an introduction about the recommended content and design of infoboxes; [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]] contains additional style guidelines. See [[WP:List of infoboxes]] and [[:Category:Infobox templates]] for lists of prepared topic-specific infoboxes. == Usage == {{tlf|Infobox}} is a meta-template: used to organise an actual <nowiki>{{Infobox sometopic}}</nowiki> template (like {{tl|Infobox building}}). For <code><nowiki>[[Template:Infobox sometopic]]</nowiki></code>, template code then looks like this, simplified: <pre> {{Infobox | name = {{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} | image = {{{image|}}} | caption1 = {{{caption|}}} | label1 = Former names | data1 = {{{former_names|}}} | header2 = General information | label3 = Status | data3 = {{{status|}}} ... <!-- etc. --> }} </pre> == Optional control parameters == ; name : If this parameter is present, "view/talk/edit" links will be added to the bottom of the infobox pointing to the named page. You may use the value <nowiki>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</nowiki>; however, this is rarely what you want because it will send users clicking these links in an infobox to the template code rather than the data in the infobox they probably want to change. ; child : See the [[#Embedding|Embedding]] section for details. If this is set to "yes", this child infobox should be titled but have no name parameter. This parameter is empty by default, set it to "yes" to activate it. ; subbox : See the [[#Subboxes|Subboxes]] section for details. If this is set to "yes", this subbox should be titled but have no name parameter. This parameter is empty by default, set to "yes" to activate it. It has no effect if the '''child''' parameter is also set to "yes". ; decat : If this is set to "yes", the current page will not be autocategorized in a maintenance category when the generated infobox has some problems or no visible data section. Leave empty by default or set to "yes" to activate it. ; autoheaders: If this is set to any non-blank value, headers which are not followed by data fields are suppressed. See the "[[#Hiding headers when all its data fields are empty|hiding headers when all its data fields are empty]]" section for more details. == Content parameters == === Title === There are two different ways to put a title on an infobox. One contains the title inside the infobox's border in the uppermost cell of the table, the other puts it as a caption on top of the table. You can use them both together, or just one or the other, or neither (though this is not recommended): ; title : Text to put in the caption over the top of the table (or as section header before the whole content of this table, if this is a child infobox). For [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Tables|accessibility reasons]], this is the most recommended alternative. ; above : Text to put within the uppermost cell of the table. ; subheader(n) : additional title fields which fit below {{{title}}} and {{{above}}}, but before images. Examples: {{Infobox | name = Infobox/doc | title = Text in caption over infobox | subheader = Subheader of the infobox | header = (the rest of the infobox goes here) }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = Text in caption over infobox | subheader = Subheader of the infobox | header = (the rest of the infobox goes here) }} </pre>{{clear}} {{Infobox | name = Infobox/doc | above = Text in uppermost cell of infobox | subheader = Subheader of the infobox | subheader2 = Second subheader of the infobox | header = (the rest of the infobox goes here) }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | above = Text in uppermost cell of infobox | subheader = Subheader of the infobox | subheader2 = Second subheader of the infobox | header = (the rest of the infobox goes here) }} </pre>{{clear}} === Illustration images === ; image(n) : images to display at the top of the template. Use full image syntax, for example <nowiki>[[File:example.png|200px|alt=Example alt text]]</nowiki>. Image is centered by default. See [[WP:ALT]] for more on alt text. ; caption(n) : Text to put underneath the images. === Main data === ; header(n) : Text to use as a header in row n. ; label(n) : Text to use as a label in row n. ; data(n) : Text to display as data in row n. Note: for any given value for (n), not all combinations of parameters are permitted. The presence of a {{para|header''(n)''}} will cause the corresponding {{para|data''(n)''}} (and {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|label''(n)''}}, see below) to be ignored; the absence of a {{para|data''(n)''}} will cause the corresponding {{para|label''(n)''}} to be ignored. Valid combinations for any single row are: * {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|header''(n)''}} * {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|data''(n)''}} * {{para|rowclass''(n)''}} {{para|label''(n)''}} {{para|class''(n)''}} {{para|data''(n)''}} See the rendering of header4, label4, and data4 in the [[#Examples|Examples]] section below. ==== Number ranges ==== To allow flexibility when the layout of an infobox is changed, it may be helpful when developing an infobox to use non-contiguous numbers for header and label/data rows. Parameters for new rows can then be inserted in future without having to renumber existing parameters. For example: <pre style="overflow:auto"> | header3 = Section 1 | label5 = Label A | data5 = Data A | label7 = Label C | data7 = Data C | header10 = Section 2 | label12 = Label D | data12 = Data D </pre>{{clear}} It is also possible to automatically renumber parameter names by using [[User:Frietjes/infoboxgap.js]] or [[Module:IncrementParams]]. ==== Making data fields optional ==== A row with a label but no data is not displayed. This allows for the easy creation of optional infobox content rows. To make a row optional use a parameter that defaults to an empty string, like so: <pre style="overflow:auto"> | label5 = Population | data5 = {{{population|}}} </pre>{{clear}} This way if an article doesn't define the population parameter in its infobox the row won't be displayed. For more complex fields with pre-formatted contents that would still be present even if the parameter wasn't set, you can wrap it all in an "#if" statement to make the whole thing vanish when the parameter is not used. For instance, the "#if" statement in the following example reads "#if:the parameter ''mass'' has been supplied |then display it, followed by 'kg'": <pre style="overflow:auto"> | label6 = Mass | data6 = {{ #if: {{{mass|}}} | {{{mass}}} kg }} </pre>{{clear}} For more on #if, see [[meta:ParserFunctions##if:|here]]. ==== Hiding headers when all its data fields are empty ==== You can also make headers automatically hide when their section is empty (has no data-row showing). Consider this situation: {{Infobox | title = Example: header with & without data | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = Header5 with data below | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Example: header with & without data | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = Header5 with data below | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value }} </pre>{{clear}} If you want hide the header when no {{para|data''N''}} values are present, use '''{{para|autoheaders|y}}''': {{Infobox | title = Example: header with & without data | autoheaders = y | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = Header5 with data below | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value }} <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Example: header with & without data | autoheaders = y | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = Header5 with data below | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} So, header1 will be shown if any of item1, item2, or item3 is defined. If none of the three parameters are defined the header won't be shown and no empty row appears before the next visible content. Note: if the data has empty css elements, like {{para|data|2=&lt;span style="background:yellow;">&lt;/span>}}, this will be treated as non-empty (having data). If {{para|autoheaders|y}} but there are items that you ''do not'' want to trigger a header, place {{para|headerX|_BLANK_}}. This will serve as an empty header and separate it from the subsequent items. {{Infobox | title = Example: blank header with & without data | autoheaders = y | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = _BLANK_ | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value, but does not trigger header1 or show header5 }} <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Example: header with & without data | autoheaders = y | headerstyle = background:lightgrey | header1 = Header1 with empty section | label2 = label2 text | data2 = | label3 = label3 text | data3 = | label4 = label4 text | data4 = | header5 = _BLANK_ | label6 = label6 text | data6 = Some value, but does not trigger header1 or show header5 }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} === Footer === ; below : Text to put in the bottom cell. The bottom cell is intended for footnotes, see-also, and other such information. == Presentation parameters == === Italic titles === Titles of articles with infoboxes may be made italic, in line with [[WP:ITALICTITLE]], by passing the <code>italic title</code> parameter. * Turn on italic titles by passing {{para|italic title|<nowiki>{{{italic title|}}}</nowiki>}} from the infobox. * Turn off by default (notably because only Latin script may be safely rendered in this style and italic may be needed to distinguish foreign language from local English language only in that script, but would be difficult to read for other scripts) but allow some instances to be made italic by passing {{para|italic title|<nowiki>{{{italic title|no}}}</nowiki>}} * Do not make any titles italic by not passing the parameter at all. === CSS styling === ; bodystyle : Applies to the infobox table as a whole ; titlestyle : Applies only to the title caption. Adding a background color is usually inadvisable since the text is rendered "outside" the infobox. ; abovestyle : Applies only to the "above" cell at the top. The default style has font-size:125%; since this cell is usually used for a title, if you want to use the above cell for regular-sized text include "font-size:100%;" in the abovestyle. ; imagestyle : Applies to the cell the image is in. This includes the text of the image caption, but you should set text properties with captionstyle instead of imagestyle in case the caption is moved out of this cell in the future. ; captionstyle : Applies to the text of the image caption. ; rowstyle(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>style</code> attribute for the specified row. ; headerstyle : Applies to all header cells ; labelstyle : Applies to all label cells ; datastyle : Applies to all data cells ; belowstyle : Applies only to the below cell === HTML classes and microformats === ; bodyclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox as a whole. ; titleclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''title''' caption. <!-- currently not implemented in Lua module ; aboverowclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row the '''above''' cell is on. --> ; aboveclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''above''' cell. ; subheaderrowclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row the '''subheader''' is on. ; subheaderclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''subheader'''. ; imagerowclass(n) : These parameters are inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row their respective '''image''' is on. ; imageclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the '''image'''. ; rowclass(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the specified row including the '''label''' and '''data''' cells. ; class(n) : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the '''data''' cell of the specified row. If there's no '''data''' cell it has no effect. <!-- currently not implemented in Lua module ; belowrowclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the complete table row the '''below''' cell is on. --> ; belowclass : This parameter is inserted into the <code>class</code> attribute for the infobox's '''below''' cell. This template supports the addition of microformat information. This is done by adding "class" attributes to various data cells, indicating what kind of information is contained within. Multiple class names may be specified, separated by spaces, some of them being used as selectors for custom styling according to a project policy or to the skin selected in user preferences, others being used for microformats. To flag an infobox as containing [[hCard]] information, for example, add the following parameter: <pre style="overflow:auto"> | bodyclass = vcard </pre>{{clear}} And for each row containing a data cell that's part of the vcard, add a corresponding class parameter: <pre style="overflow:auto"> | class1 = fn | class2 = org | class3 = tel </pre>{{clear}} ...and so forth. "above" and "title" can also be given classes, since these are usually used to display the name of the subject of the infobox. See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia, and [[microformat]] for more information on microformats in general. == Examples == Notice how the row doesn't appear in the displayed infobox when a '''label''' is defined without an accompanying '''data''' cell, and how all of them are displayed when a '''header''' is defined on the same row as a '''data''' cell. Also notice that '''subheaders''' are not bold by default like the '''headers''' used to split the main data section, because this role is meant to be for the '''above''' cell : {{Infobox |name = Infobox/doc |bodystyle = |titlestyle = |abovestyle = background:#cfc; |subheaderstyle = |title = Test Infobox |above = Above text |subheader = Subheader above image |subheader2 = Second subheader |imagestyle = |captionstyle = |image = [[File:Example-serious.jpg|200px|alt=Example alt text]] |caption = Caption displayed below File:Example-serious.jpg |headerstyle = background:#ccf; |labelstyle = background:#ddf; |datastyle = |header1 = Header defined alone | label1 = | data1 = |header2 = | label2 = Label defined alone does not display (needs data, or is suppressed) | data2 = |header3 = | label3 = | data3 = Data defined alone |header4 = All three defined (header, label, data, all with same number) | label4 = does not display (same number as a header) | data4 = does not display (same number as a header) |header5 = | label5 = Label and data defined (label) | data5 = Label and data defined (data) |belowstyle = background:#ddf; |below = Below text }} <syntaxhighlight lang="Sass" style="overflow:auto" highlight="15"> {{Infobox |name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} |bodystyle = |titlestyle = |abovestyle = background:#cfc; |subheaderstyle = |title = Test Infobox |above = Above text |subheader = Subheader above image |subheader2 = Second subheader |imagestyle = |captionstyle = | image = [[File:Example-serious.jpg|200px|alt=Example alt text]] |caption = Caption displayed below Example-serious.jpg |headerstyle = background:#ccf; |labelstyle = background:#ddf; |datastyle = |header1 = Header defined alone | label1 = | data1 = |header2 = | label2 = Label defined alone does not display (needs data, or is suppressed) | data2 = |header3 = | label3 = | data3 = Data defined alone |header4 = All three defined (header, label, data, all with same number) | label4 = does not display (same number as a header) | data4 = does not display (same number as a header) |header5 = | label5 = Label and data defined (label) | data5 = Label and data defined (data) |belowstyle = background:#ddf; |below = Below text }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} For this example, the {{para|bodystyle}} and {{para|labelstyle}} parameters are used to adjust the infobox width and define a default width for the column of labels: {{Infobox |name = Infobox/doc |bodystyle = width:20em |titlestyle = |title = Test Infobox |headerstyle = |labelstyle = width:33% |datastyle = |header1 = | label1 = Label 1 | data1 = Data 1 |header2 = | label2 = Label 2 | data2 = Data 2 |header3 = | label3 = Label 3 | data3 = Data 3 |header4 = Header 4 | label4 = | data4 = |header5 = | label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |belowstyle = |below = Below text }} <syntaxhighlight lang="sass" highlight="3,9" style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox |name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} |bodystyle = width:20em |titlestyle = |title = Test Infobox |headerstyle = |labelstyle = width:33% |datastyle = |header1 = | label1 = Label 1 | data1 = Data 1 |header2 = | label2 = Label 2 | data2 = Data 2 |header3 = | label3 = Label 3 | data3 = Data 3 |header4 = Header 4 | label4 = | data4 = |header5 = | label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |belowstyle = |below = Below text }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} == Embedding == <!--Linked from [[Template:Subinfobox bodystyle/doc]]--> One infobox template can be embedded into another using the {{para|child}} parameter. This feature can be used to create a modular infobox, or to create better-defined logical sections. Long ago, it was necessary to use embedding in order to create infoboxes with more than 99 rows; but nowadays there's no limit to the number of rows that can be defined in a single instance of <code><nowiki>{{infobox}}</nowiki></code>. {{Infobox | title = Top level title | data1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = First subsection | label1= Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | data2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes |title = Second subsection | label1= Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Top level title | data1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = First subsection | label1= Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | data2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes |title = Second subsection | label1= Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} </pre>{{clear}} Note, in the examples above, the child infobox is placed in a <code>data</code> field, not a <code>header</code> field. Notice that the section subheadings are not in bold font if bolding is not explicitly specified. To obtain bold section headings, place the child infobox in a '''header''' field (but not in a '''label''' field because it would not be displayed!), either using {{Infobox | title = Top level title | header1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = First subsection | label1= Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | header2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = Second subsection | label1= Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Top level title | header1 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = First subsection | label1= Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | header2 = {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | title = Second subsection | label1= Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} </pre>{{clear}} or, {{Infobox | title = Top level title | header1 = First subsection {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1 = Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | header2 = Second subsection {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1 = Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | title = Top level title | header1 = First subsection {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1 = Label 1.1 | data1 = Data 1.1 }} | header2 = Second subsection {{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1 = Label 2.1 | data1 = Data 2.1 }} | belowstyle = | below = Below text }} </pre>{{clear}} Note that omitting the {{para|title}} parameter, and not including any text preceding the embedded infobox, may result in spurious blank table rows, creating gaps in the visual presentation. The garbage output can be suppressed using {{para|rowstyleN|display: none}}, replacing N with the data/header number. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes/embed]] includes some links to Wikipedia articles which include infoboxes embedded within other infoboxes. == Subboxes == An alternative method for embedding is to use {{para|subbox|yes}}, which removes the outer border from the infobox, but preserves the interior structure. One feature of this approach is that the parent and child boxes need not have the same structure, and the label and data fields are not aligned between the parent and child boxes because they are not in the same parent table. {{Infobox | headerstyle = background-color:#eee; | labelstyle = background-color:#eee; | header1 = Main 1 | header2 = Main 2 | data3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | headerstyle = background-color:#ccc; | labelstyle = background-color:#ddd; | header1 = Sub 3-1 | header2 = Sub 3-2 | label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3 }} | data4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = background-color:#ccc; | label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1 }} | label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5 | header6 = Main 6 }} <syntaxhighlight lang="sass" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | headerstyle = background-color:#eee; | labelstyle = background-color:#eee; | header1 = Main 1 | header2 = Main 2 | data3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | headerstyle = background-color:#ccc; | labelstyle = background-color:#ddd; | header1 = Sub 3-1 | header2 = Sub 3-2 | label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3 }} | data4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = background-color:#ccc; | label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1 }} | label5 = Label 5 | data5 = Data 5 | header6 = Main 6 }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} Similar embedding techniques may be used within content parameters of some other templates generating tables (such as [[:Template:Sidebar|Sidebar]]) : {{Sidebar | navbar = off | headingstyle = background-color:#eee; | heading1 = Heading 1 | heading2 = Heading 2 | content3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | headerstyle = background-color:#ccc; | labelstyle = background-color:#ddd; | header1 = Sub 3-1 | header2 = Sub 3-2 | label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3 }} | content4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = background-color:#ccc; | label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1 }} | heading5 = Heading 5 }} <syntaxhighlight lang="sass" style="overflow:auto"> {{Sidebar | navbar = off | headingstyle = background-color:#eee; | heading1 = Heading 1 | heading2 = Heading 2 | content3 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | headerstyle = background-color:#ccc; | labelstyle = background-color:#ddd; | header1 = Sub 3-1 | header2 = Sub 3-2 | label3 = Label 3-3 | data3 = Data 3-3 }} | content4 = {{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = background-color:#ccc; | label1 = Label 4-1 | data1 = Data 4-1 }} | heading5 = Heading 5 }} </syntaxhighlight>{{clear}} Note that the default padding of the parent data cell containing each subbox is still visible, so the subboxes are slightly narrower than the parent box and there's a higher vertical spacing between standard cells of the parent box than between cells of distinct subboxes. == Controlling line-breaking in embedded bulletless lists == Template {{tlx|nbsp}} may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists embedded in infoboxes (e.g. cast list in {{tlx|Infobox film}}), to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. == Full blank syntax == (Note: there is no limit to the number of possible rows; only 20 are given below since infoboxes larger than that will be relatively rare. Just extend the numbering as needed. The microformat "class" parameters are also omitted as they are not commonly used.) <pre style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{subbox|}}} | italic title = {{{italic title|no}}} | bodystyle = | titlestyle = | abovestyle = | subheaderstyle = | title = | above = | subheader = | imagestyle = | captionstyle = | image = | caption = | image2 = | caption2 = | headerstyle = | labelstyle = | datastyle = | header1 = | label1 = | data1 = | header2 = | label2 = | data2 = | header3 = | label3 = | data3 = | header4 = | label4 = | data4 = | header5 = | label5 = | data5 = | header6 = | label6 = | data6 = | header7 = | label7 = | data7 = | header8 = | label8 = | data8 = | header9 = | label9 = | data9 = | header10 = | label10 = | data10 = | header11 = | label11 = | data11 = | header12 = | label12 = | data12 = | header13 = | label13 = | data13 = | header14 = | label14 = | data14 = | header15 = | label15 = | data15 = | header16 = | label16 = | data16 = | header17 = | label17 = | data17 = | header18 = | label18 = | data18 = | header19 = | label19 = | data19 = | header20 = | label20 = | data20 = | belowstyle = | below = }} </pre>{{clear}} {{Help:Infobox/user style}} == Porting to other MediaWikis == The infobox template requires the [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension and [[mw:Manual:Using content from Wikipedia#HTMLTidy|HTMLTidy]] to be installed. It may not work with other MediaWikis. [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Transwiki|WikiProject Transwiki]] has a version of this template that has been modified to work on other MediaWikis. ==See also== * [[Module:Infobox]], the [[WP:LUA|Lua]] module on which this template is based * [[Module:Check for unknown parameters]] * {{tl|Infobox3cols}} * {{tl|Navbox}} and {{tl|Sidebar}} * [[Wikipedia:List of infoboxes|List of infoboxes]] * [[:Module:InfoboxImage]] * Maintenance categories: ** [[:Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows|pages}}) ** [[:Category:Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter|pages}}) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Infobox templates| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Infobox]] [[Category:Templates generating microformats]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Lua-based infobox templates]] }}</includeonly> ==Tracking categories== * {{clc|Articles with missing Wikidata information}} 3mnr5rbjdsjfl1rp81t7sj3cj7cjljo 0 8748 79590 77001 2021-10-26T12:44:07Z 2C0F:FE30:15EF:0:D943:7F4:1879:A687 /* Ubuyobozi */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Paroisse_ste_famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille Kigali]] '''Chorale de Kigali''' yatanyiye mu 1966 i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka == '''Chorale de Kigali''' yatangiye mu 1966 hamwe n’abaririmbyi b’abagabo gusa, abaririmbyi b’abagore binjiye nyuma mu 1987. Abatangije iyi korari ni abahanzi bo mu Rwanda bahuguwe mu maseminari no mu yandi mashuri y'abamisiyonari gatolika. Abamenyekanye muri abo bayishinze harimo '''Professeur Paulin MUSWAHILI, Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Célestin NKAKA, Henry NZAJYIBWAMI, Claver KARANGWA''' n'abandi benshi. '''Chorale de Kigali''' yamye ifite umubare munini wabatunganya n'abahimbyi b'umuziki wa chorale mu '''Rwanda'''. Abamenyekanye cyane muri bo ni '''''Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Apollinaire HABYARIMANA, Dr. Jean Claude BYIRINGIRO, Dr. Alfred NGIRABABYEYI, Pacifique TUNEZERWE.''''' [[Dosiye:Sister_Marie_and_School_of_Christ_Singers_(15199028802).jpg|thumb|Korari gatolika paruwasi ya Kigali mu myaka yo hambere ]] '''Chorale de Kigali''' yagiye ikora ibitaramo byinshi mu Rwanda, harimo Misa zisanzwe, amasengesho, ibitaramo ndetse n’ibindi birori byinshi by’umuco mu gihugu. Ibintu bitazibagirana cyane ni aho Chorale de Kigali yakoreye ni isabukuru yimyaka 50 y'ubusaserdoti bwa Musenyeri [[:en:Aloys_Bigirumwami|Aloys BIGIRUMWAMI]] yizihijwe ku ya 3 Kamena 1978 ndetse na Misa itazibagirana yizihijwe na Nyiricyubahiro Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ubwo yasuraga u [[Rwanda]] ku ya 10 Nzeri, 1990 i Nyandungu, [[Kigali]]. [[Dosiye:Chorale_4.jpg|thumb|Abaririmbyi bagize chorale ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Kigali (Chorale de Kigali)]] '''Chorale de Kigali''' ifite icyicaro kuri Paruwasi ya Cathedrale ya Saint Michael . Ariko, korari iririmba nizindi ndirimbo ziteza imbere indangagaciro nziza mu ndimi zikoreshwa cyane. Chorale de Kigali yizihiza isabukuru yayo buri ya 15 Kanama ya buri mwaka, umunsi uhurirana n'Ijyanwa mu ijuru rya Bikira Mariya, mu rwego rwo kushimira uruhare rwe rwa mbere mu gucungura abantu. Kugeza ubu, abanyamuryango ba Chorale de Kigali bagera ku 150 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 17 na 70. Baturuka mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuzima; baturutse impande zose z'igihugu, imyuga itandukanye irimo abanyeshuri ndetse n'abakozi ba leta ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bahurira hamwe binyuze mu gukunda kuririmba<ref name=":0">http://www.choraledekigali.rw/history</ref>. == Ibyagezweho == '''Chorale de Kigali''' ifite byinshi yagezeho. Yahimbye kandi ikora indirimbo z’ibigo 7 bya Leta n’abigenga, isohora alubumu 13 z’indirimbo z'amajwi, yatangiye gutegura ibitaramo binini bizwi ku izina rya [[Christmas Carols Concert]], iki gitaramo kibaho iminsi mike mbere ya Noheri kuva 2013. Chorale de Kigali yitabiriye iserukiramuco rya muzika ryitwa Music Beyond Boards (MBB) ryabereye i [[Kampala]] mu 2010, naho i [[Kigali]] mu 2011 ryateguwe na Chorale de Kigali ku bufatanye na MINISPOC na MINEAC<ref name=":0" />. == Ubuyobozi == Komite nyobozi ya '''Chorale de Kigali''' igizwe na Perezida, aba Visi-Perezida babiri, abanyamabanga babiri, n'abashinzwe umutungo babiri. Perezida wa korari ubu ni '''''Dr. Albert NZAYISENGA'''''<ref>http://www.choraledekigali.rw/executive</ref>'''''.''''' == Reba == [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] 2f8szfoz35gbtgy4i1nolwn3b6g2l0n 0 8749 79369 79368 2021-09-08T11:25:58Z 2C0F:EB68:208:AE00:D4E8:12B:AB3D:C099 /* Ibindi bikorwa */Fixed typo wikitext text/x-wiki Mutamuliza Annonciata umuhanzikazi w'umusizi, umwanditsi ndetse n'umuririmbyikazi w'umunyarwandakazi. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Mugitaramo_Nyarwanda_bifashishaga_inanga.jpg|thumb|Kamaliza ni umuhanzi kazi w'umunyarwanda umenyerewe mu njyana y'umuziki gakondo, ibi ni bimwe mu bikoresho afiteho ubunararibonye byakunze gukoresha mu muziki yagiye akora.]] Mutamuliza Annonciata benshi bazi ku izina rya Kamaliza yabonye izuba ku wa 25 werurwe 1954, Se umubyara akitwa Rusingizandekwe Leandre naho Nyina akitwa Mukarushema Bernadette. Yavukiye ahitwa Rukara muri Runyinya, ubu ni mu karere ka Nyaruguru mu Ntara y'amajyepfo.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7370/Amateka-ya-Mutamuliza-Annonciata-twamenye-nka-Kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-Sergent-mu-gisirikare-cya-APR</ref> Kamaliza yavukiye mu muryango w'abana 13, bane muri bo bitabye Imana akaba muri bose yari umuhererezi. Kamaliza yavukiye mu muryango w'abasizi bitwaga Abashambo. Mu bitaramo mu miryango habaga higanjemo imbyino n'indirimbo n'ibiganiro byiganjemo urwenya. Mu mwaka wa 1959 nk'indi miryango myinshi y'abatutsi umuryango wa Kamaliza warameneshejwe uhungira mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi i Burundi mu murwa mukuru i Bujumbura.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58819/umuhanzikazi-kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-sergent-menya-byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-we-58819.html</ref> == Amashuri yize n'umuziki == Kamaliza yatangiriye amashuri y'ibanze mu buhungiro i Bujumbura. Mu mwaka wa 1968 nyina yaje kwitaba Imana bituma Se amwohereza kwa mukuru we Murekeyisoni Anne Marie wari warashatse muri Congo aza gukomereza ayisumbuye muri Congo kuko yatekerezaga ko Kamaliza akiri muto agikeneye umuntu ujya mu kimbo cya nyina akamuha uburere niko gukomereza amashuri yisumbuye muri congo ahitwa i Lubumbashi mu ishuri ry'abafurere n'abasaveri riri i Likasi.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7370/Amateka-ya-Mutamuliza-Annonciata-twamenye-nka-Kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-Sergent-mu-gisirikare-cya-APR</ref> Yatangiye kuririmba mu makorali atandukanye ya Kiliziya Gatolika. Ku myaka 20, uwari Umuyobozi wa Korali yitwaga Kiromboro wari waratangajwe n'impano Kamaliza afite yamuhaye gitari. Gukunda muzika kwa Kamaliza no kuririmba mu ruhame mukuru we ntiyabyishimiraga kuko yumvaga yakabaye umukobwa wo mu gikari nk'uko umuco w'icyo gihe wari umeze. Ni bwo yatekereje kumushakira umugabo mu muryango mwiza nk'uko byari mu muco w'abanyarwanda muri cyo gihe. Gusa Kamaliza ntiyanejejwe n'icyifuzo cya mukuru we asaba uruhushya ngo ajye i Bujumbura. Guhera ubwo ntiyongeye gusubira i Lubumbashi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58819/umuhanzikazi-kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-sergent-menya-byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-we-58819.html</ref> Kamaliza hashize igihe gito ageze i Bujumbura yahise abona akazi muri Minisiteri y'Imari mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko kigufi na nyuma ya kazi yabaga aririmba anafata amajwi kuri kasete(casette) yifashishije radio yari yarahawe n'inshuti ye Tereza. Mu mwaka wa 1980, Minisiteri yakoragamo yamwohereje gukorera ahantu kure yanga gusiga Se umubyara ahitamo kureka akazi. Muri icyo gihe ni bwo yabonye umwanya uhagije wo kuririmba. Mu mwaka wa 1982 yatsinze irushanwa ryo kuririmba i Bujumbura ahita anafata izina rya Kamaliza biturutse ku ndirimbo ya Orchestre Amabano yaje no kumwererera kujya ayiririmbamo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/wari-uzi-inkomoko-y-izina-kamaliza-ryahawe-mutamuriza-annonciata</ref> Mu mwaka w'1984 yagiye mu gace ka Mushiha ahari abanyarwanda benshi b'impunzi yifatanya n'itsinda ry'abasore b'abakorerabushake bari bahari kubaka ibyumba by'amashuri muri icyo gihe kandi yakoraga ibitaramo bitandukanye bikunganira ndetse bigafasha mu kubaka amashuri. Kugira ngo indirimbo ze zinyure ku bitangazamakuru byo muri icyo gihugu bamusabaga kuzishyira mu kirundi ahitamo kuzajya avanga n'ikinyarwanda.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7370/Amateka-ya-Mutamuliza-Annonciata-twamenye-nka-Kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-Sergent-mu-gisirikare-cya-APR</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == Kamaliza uretse kuba umuhanzikazi yabayeho n'umusirikare muri APR yari afite ipeti rya serija(sergeant) mu gihe inkotanyi zabohoraga u Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 1990 Kamaliza yafashe gitari ze ebyiri agenda mu ibanga kwifatanya n'umutwe wa FPR wari utangiye urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu. Mu ishyamba kubera ijwi rye n'indirimbo ze, yasusurutsaga ibitaramo ndangamuco bigatera akanyabugabo abari ku rugamba. Yari mu itorero Indahemuka. Nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe abatutsi yatuye impano ye abahuye n'ibikomere yasize. Yashakaga ko abantu bongera bakanezerwa. Ibyo byagaragariraga mu bitaramo by'ubuntu yakoraga ndetse n'abana b'imfubyi yari yafashe ngo abarere. Yatangiriye kuri batatu, yitaba Imana yaragize umuryango w'abana 15. Mu mwaka wa 1996 ku nkunga y'inshuti ye Nzambazamariya Veneranda na SNV yagiye mu Buhorandi gutunganya CD ye yise Humura Rwanda. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1996, Kamaliza yakoze impanuka ubwo yavaga kwa bene wabo ari kumwe n'inshuti ze z'abaririmbyi. Yanyuze mu kirahure k'imodoka ntiyahita apfa; yamaze igihe k'icyumweru yarataye ubwenge, apfa ku itariki ya 5 Ugushyingo 1996.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7370/Amateka-ya-Mutamuliza-Annonciata-twamenye-nka-Kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-Sergent-mu-gisirikare-cya-APR</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == <references /> 4apy2xbokhicxt6cldvggq47a82gorj 0 8750 78015 76677 2021-08-20T02:13:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda''' bwaranzwe no kuba ku rwego rwo hasi, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha bwateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rufite gahunda yo kwita ku buzima ikoreshwa ku isi hose, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe muri gahunda z'ubuzima bufite ireme muri [[Afurika|Afurika.]] [[File:Butaro_Hospital.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting a hospital building, with Rwandan flag, viewed from the entrance pathway|thumb| Ibitaro bya Butaro muri [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]], Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] == Amateka == Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, ubuvuzi bw’u Rwanda bwaterwaga inkunga na Bamako Initiative nayo yaterwaga inkunga na UNICEF na OMS kandi yari yarashyizweho nabaminisitiri b’ubuzima muri Afurika mu 1987. <ref>"Bamako initiative" Archived from the original on 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2006- 12-28</ref> <ref>Caroline Kayonga towards universal health coverage in Rwanda. Summary notes from briefing Brookig Institution Washington D.C 2007</ref> Intambwe yatangijwe mu kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage , yatangiriye kurwego rwintara hanyuma kurwego rwakarere. Ariko ibyo byahungabanijwe na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, yahagaritse gahunda y’ubuzima hamwe n’ubukungu. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, u Rwanda rwazamutse cyane mu kugarura gahunda y’ubuzima ndetse n’ubukungu bwarwo. Ndetse rwubaka imwe muri sisitemu nziza yubuzima mu karere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, guverinoma yakoresheje 9.7% y’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gihugu mu kwivuza, ugereranije na 3.2% mu 1996. [4] == Sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima == Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bwabaye itegeko ku bantu bose mu 2008; [5] mu mwaka wa 2010 abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [6] Muri 2012, abagera kuri 4% gusa ni bo batari bafite ubwishingizi. [[Dosiye:Hospital - Ream National Park. Ambulance cars.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ambulance]] Perezida Paul Kagame yavuze ko ubuvuzi ari kimwe mu byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y’iterambere rya Vision 2020, [7] azamura amafaranga y’ubuvuzi kugera kuri 6.5% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu 2013, [8] ugereranije na 1.9% mu 1996. [9] Guverinoma yahaye inkunga n’imicungire y’ubuvuzi abaturage, binyuze muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bita ''mutuelles de santé'' . [5] ''Mutuelles'' yageragejwe mu 1999, kandi ikwira mu gihugu hose mu 2000 hagati, hifashishijwe abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu iterambere. [5] Mutuelles iboneka kandi igacungwa ku rwego turere mirongo itatu tugize u Rwanda. Hariho kandi gahunda zitandukanye zubwishingizi bwubuzima bwigihugu kubakozi ba leta n'abasirikare. Amafaranga yatanzwe muri iyi gahunda bwa mbere yari amadolari y'Amerika kumwaka; kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 igipimo cyagiye gitandukana ukurikije ubutunzi, aho abaturage bakennye cyane bagize uburenganzira ku bwishingizi bw'indwara ku buntu ndetse n'abakire bakishyura amadorari y'Amerika 8 ku muntu mukuru. [11] Mu 2014 , abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [12] Guverinoma yashyizeho kandi ibigo by’amahugurwa birimo ikigo nderabuzima cya Kigali (KHI), cyashinzwe mu 1997 [13] ubu kikaba kiri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] . Mu 2005, Perezida Kagame yatangije kandi gahunda izwi ku izina ''rya Gahunda ya Perezida mu kurwanya Malariya'' . Iyi gahunda yari igamije gufasha kubona ibikoresho nkenerwa mu gukumira malariya cyane cyane mu byaro, nk'inzitiramubu n'imiti. U Rwanda rukurikiza icyitegererezo cy’ubuzima rusange, gitanga ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima binyuze muri ''mutuelles de santé'' . Iyo Sisitemu ni gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bw'abaturage, aho abatuye mu gace runaka bishyura amafaranga mu kigega cy’ubuzima cyaho, kandi bakaba bashobora kuyakuramo igihe bakeneye ubuvuzi. Amafaranga yishyurwa akurikije igipimo, aho abatindi nyakujya bafite uburenganzira bwo kwivuza kubuntu, mugihe abakire bishyura amafaranga menshi kandi bakagira nandi bishyura mu kwivuza. Mu mwaka wa 2012, hafi 45% ya sisitemu yatewe inkunga no kwishyura amafaranga menshi, asigaye ava mu nkunga ya leta n'abaterankunga mpuzamahanga. == Ubushobozi == Sisitemu y’ubuzima y’u Rwanda ifite ibigo nderabuzima 499, ibiro by’ubuzima 680 bigira uruhare runini muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi nko gukingira na serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, amavuriro menshi, n’ibitaro 42 by’akarere. Imidugudu y'igihugu iba ifite abajyanama b'ubuzima. Hari ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu, aribyo bitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali, ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Butare, ibitaro bya [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|King Faisal Kigali]] n'ibitaro bya gisirikare byo mu Rwanda. Abateye imbere muri bo ni [[ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal]], byigenga ku buryo bugamije inyungu na guverinoma ariko bikagira uruhare muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku rwego rw’igihugu, bityo bikakira abarwayi boherejwe n’ibindi bitaro n’amavuriro. Nibyo bitaro byateye imbere cyane mu Rwanda, bifite imashini ya CT na MRI, imashini ebyiri za dialyse, hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubaga. Amavuriro y'u Rwanda afite ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'ibanze hamwe n'akabati k'imiti ya ngombwa. Ibitaro byakarere bitanga serivisi zibanze zo kubaga, kandi byose bifite byibuze abaganga 15. Abakeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse kandi bwihariye boherezwa muri kimwe mu bitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe mu gihugu. Mu gihugu hari ibigo bitanu byita ku barwayi, ikigo cya kanseri mu Rwanda, giherereye mu bitaro bya Butaro, n'ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu. <ref>[https://www.uicc.org/case-studies/strengthening-advanced-breast-cancer-care-rwanda-through-improved-care-coordination Strengthening advanced breast cancer care in Rwanda through improved care coordination]</ref> == Abakozi == Hari ihuriro ryabajyanama bubuzima bashinzwe ubuzima 58.286 batanga ubuvuzi bwibanze mumidugudu 14.837. U Rwanda rufite abaganga bacye, rwari rufite abaganga 0,84 gusa, barimo abaforomo, n'ababyaza kubantu 1000 mu 2013. [18] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'abibumye ryita ku iterambere (UNDP) rikurikirana iterambere ryubuzima mu Rwanda hagamijwe kugera ku ntego z'ikinyagihumbi 4-6, zikaba zifitanye isano nubuvuzi. Raporo ya UNDP rwagati mu mwaka wa 2015 yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari rutaragera ku ntego ya 4 ku mfu zabana, nubwo "zari zaragabanutse cyane"; [19] igihugu "kirimo gutera imbere" kigana ku ntego ya 5, ari yo kugabanya bitatu bya kane by’imfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara, [20] mu gihe intego ya 6 itaragerwaho kuko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA butaratangira kugabanuka. [21] U Rwanda rwishyizeho gahunda y’imyaka irindwi rwatangiye mu 2013 rugaragaza abarimu b’ubuvuzi n’abaganga babarirwa mu magana baturutse mu bigo 25 by’ubuvuzi byo muri Amerika, birimo Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Yale, n’Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Duke, bahugura abakozi b’ubuvuzi bo mu Rwanda kandi bashyiraho amahugurwa na gahunda yo gutura, nyuma yimyaka irindwi,biteganyijwe ko izayoborwa na guverinoma yu Rwanda ningengo y’imari yayo, abarimu, n’abaganga bayo. == Reba kandi == * Ubuzima mu Rwanda == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba == [[Category:Ubuvuzi mu rwanda]] j8hhv88oly4blenpr0ekgeqatfhq4fu 10 8752 75030 2021-02-14T21:46:16Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:199B:9A66:7ABA:5122 Created page with "{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Separated entries|br}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Separated entries|br}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3qzqyo0vc2bkjx7dik52fp751jwcnq3 10 8753 75066 75031 2021-02-19T03:41:17Z Wizboyll51 9556 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> {{Person infobox header}} {{Music infobox header}} {{lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} '''{{tl|Infobox musical artist}}''' is the standard infobox for musician articles, and is within the purview of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians|WikiProject Musicians]]. This template may also be used as a module (or sub-template) of {{tl|Infobox person}}; see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes/embed|WikiProject Infoboxes/embed]] for guidance on such usage. See also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Infobox|WikiProject Musicians/Infobox]] for more information. == Usage == {{em|One of the following two}} alternatives (one for individuals, one for groups) should be placed in an article at the top of the page, before the introduction. === For articles about individuals === * For dancers, use {{tl|Infobox dancer}} instead. {{Parameter names example | honorific_prefix | name | honorific_suffix | image | image_size | image_upright | landscape | alt | caption | background=solo_singer | native_name | native_name_lang | birth_name | alias | birth_date | birth_place | origin | death_date | death_place | genre | occupation | instrument | years_active | label | associated_acts | website | notable_instruments | module | module2 | module3 }} <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox musical artist | honorific_prefix = | name = | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_upright = | image_size = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = | background = **Mandatory** Use one: solo_singer, non_vocal_instrumentalist, non_performing_personnel, or temporary | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = <!-- leave empty if the same "name" --> | alias = | birth_date = <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already WIDELY published, as per [[WP:DOB]] --> | birth_place = | origin = | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date first) --> | death_place = | genre = | occupation = | instrument = | years_active = <!-- YYYY–YYYY (or –present) --> | label = | associated_acts = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} or {{Official URL}} --> | module = | module2 = | module3 = }} </pre> === For articles about musical groups === * Some types of musical groups have their own dedicated infobox, which should be used instead: {{tl|Infobox choir}}, {{tl|Infobox orchestra}}, {{tl|Infobox marching band}} {{Parameter names example | name | image | image_size | image_upright | landscape | alt | caption | background=group_or_band | alias | origin | genre | years_active | label | associated_acts | website | current_members | past_members | module | module2 | module3 }} <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox musical artist | name = | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = | background = **Mandatory** Use one: group_or_band, classical_ensemble, or temporary | alias = | origin = | genre = | years_active = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY}}–{{End date|YYYY}} (or –present) --> | label = | associated_acts = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} or {{Official URL}} --> | current_members = | past_members = | module = | module2 = | module3 = }} </pre> == Parameters == * Most fields are optional and the row will simply be omitted if no data is supplied. * See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians|WikiProject Musicians]] for more information about this template. === honorific_prefix === Titles or styles such as "[[The Right Honourable]]" === name === The name of the group or artist ("the act") in plain text only. Logos and other graphics are to be avoided in this field in accordance with [[WP:ACCESS]], [[WP:FAIR]], and in particular [[WP:LOGO]]. This field is mandatory. === honorific_suffix === Honours such as "CBE", "OBE" e.g. [[Cilla Black|Cilla Black OBE]] === image === An image of the act, sufficiently clear for display at 220 pixels' width. Set to only the image name, e.g. <code>Example.png</code>, not <code>Image:Example.png</code> or <code><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|200px|abc]]</nowiki></code>. === image_size === The image size should only be specified if the image is smaller than 220 pixels width. Enter the width in pixels without "px", for example <code>150</code>. === image_upright === Scales the image thumbnail from its default size by the given factor. Values less than 1 scale the image down (0.9 = 90%) and values greater than 1 scale the image up (1.15 = 115%). === landscape === Set to <code>yes</code> when using wide, short images. The image height (rather than width) will be limited to 200 pixels. === alt === Alt text for the image, for visually impaired and other readers who cannot see the image. See [[WP:ALT]]. === caption === Caption for the image to be displayed. <div id="background_field"><!--for compatibility with legacy anchors--></div> <div id="background_values"><!--for compatibility with legacy anchors--></div> <div id="Background color"><!--for compatibility with legacy anchors--></div> === background === The musical artist should be placed into one of six categories by using one of the codes below in the <code>background</code> field. Each category is color-coded to provide a quick indication of the type of group/performer, e.g. solo artist, orchestra, etc. The color scheme is similar to the one used by [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Albums|WikiProject Albums]] and other projects. Please discuss additional types that need to be accounted for on the template's [[Template talk:Infobox musical artist|talk page]]. '''This field is mandatory'''. {{Infobox musical artist/doc/type|description=Description}} '''Other values (e.g. "jazz trumpeter") {{Allcaps|must not}} be used.''' Pages with an invalid value in {{para|background}} can be found in [[:Category:Infobox musical artist with missing or invalid Background field]]. === native_name === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The artist's name in their own language. For Chinese-language individuals, use {{tl|Infobox Chinese}} for <code>|module=</code> instead. For Korean-language individuals, use {{tl|Infobox Korean name}} for <code>|module=</code> instead. === native_name_lang === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> [[List of ISO 639-2 codes|ISO 639-2 code]]. E.g., "fre" or "fra" for French. If more than one, use {{tl|lang}} for {{Para|native_name}} instead === birth_name === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The person's name at birth === alias === For listing {{em|official}} [[stage name]]s for the act or solo artist other than the name in the {{para|name}} parameter. Also for the solo artist's [[legal name]](s), or other officially authorized names that differ from their birth name. This field is not for nicknames such as "The Godfather of Soul" ([[James Brown]]) or "Nippy" ([[Whitney Houston]]), which are not the artists' {{em|official}} names. === birth_date === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The artist's date of birth; it is preferable to use {{tl|Birth date and age}} (for example <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1949|12|31}}</nowiki></code>) to display current age. If the artist's age is verified, but the date is not known, then use {{tl|Birth based on age as of date}} (for example <code><nowiki>{{Birth based on age as of date|63|2012|08|30}}</nowiki></code>). For dead people, use {{tl|Birth date}} (for example <code><nowiki>{{Birth date|1949|12|31}}</nowiki></code>). Also list the place of birth using the birth_place parameter (below). <pre>{{Birth date and age|Year|Month|Day}}</pre> === birth_place === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The artist's place of birth. For "United States" and "United Kingdom", it is preferred that they be abbreviated "U.S." and "UK", but political subdivisions should never be (never "MA" for "Massachusetts", "ON" for "Ontario", etc.). See Notes{{r|location}} for details. Do not add a flag icon. (see field "[[Template:Infobox musical artist/doc#origin|origin]]" below). <pre>[[City]], State/Province, Country</pre> === origin === The town, city etc., from which the group or musician originated (that is, the place where the group was founded, or where the individual performer started their career, should it not match the location of their birth). If the place is not known, specify at least the country. For "United States" and "United Kingdom", it is preferred that they be abbreviated "U.S." and "UK", but political subdivisions should never be (never "MA" for "Massachusetts", "ON" for "Ontario", etc.). See Notes{{r|location}} for details. Do not add a flag icon. Omit the country if it does not differ from that specified at the field "birth_place". <pre>[[City]], State/Province, Country</pre> === death_date === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The artist's date of death (same format as birth_date; but use {{tl|Death date and age}}). === death_place === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> The artist's place of death (same format as birth_place). For "United States" and "United Kingdom", it is preferred that they be abbreviated "U.S." and "UK", but political subdivisions should never be (never "MA" for "Massachusetts", "ON" for "Ontario", etc.). See Notes{{r|location}} for details. Do not add a flag icon. Omit the country if it does not differ from that specified at the field "birth_place". === genre === The genre or genres of music performed by the act. Aim for generality (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]</nowiki></code> rather than <code><nowiki>[[East Coast hip hop]]</nowiki></code>) and preferably use two to four. Genres should be separated by using commas, {{tl|Flatlist}} or {{tl|Hlist}}.{{r|lists}} Genres should be wikilinked. Use piped links where needed, for example: <code><nowiki>[[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rock music|rock]]</nowiki></code>. Most genres are not proper nouns and should not be capitalized. However, the first word in a list of multiple genres should be capitalized. Genres that are sourced in the article itself do not require a source in the infobox, but sometimes it can be useful to have the source listed again anyway, to help prevent edit warring. A hidden comment such as <code><nowiki><!-- genres listed here are sourced in the article text --></nowiki></code> can also be used to this end. === occupation === <span style="background:#f0e68c">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> Roles the artist has fulfilled (e.g. musician, songwriter, producer). For artists who have participated in forms of entertainment outside of music (such as acting), these occupations can be included if notable. Please observe sentence case and capitalise only the first letter of the first item (e.g. Musician, actor, singer-songwriter). Multiple occupations should be ordered according to importance and separated by commas, {{tl|Flatlist}} or {{tl|Hlist}}.{{r|lists}} === instrument === <span style="background:#F0E68C">This field is only relevant for individuals.</span> General class(es) of instrument(s) played by the artist, e.g. <code><nowiki>guitar</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>violin</nowiki></code>. Include <code><nowiki>singing</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>rapping</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>beatboxing</nowiki></code> and/or <code><nowiki>scat singing</nowiki></code> if relevant. Separate multiple entries by using commas, {{tl|Flatlist}} or {{tl|Hlist}}.{{r|lists}} Instruments listed in the infobox should be limited to {{em|only}} those that the artist is primarily known for using. The instruments infobox parameter is {{em|not}} intended as a [[WP:COATRACK]] for every instrument the subject has ever used. === years_active === Period(s) during which the act was or has been active. Only calendar year ranges or a single calendar year should be listed; for example, do not distinguish between the period [[Paul McCartney]] was in [[the Beatles]] and his solo career. Use commas, {{tl|Flatlist}}, or {{tl|Hlist}}}.{{r|lists}} to separate non-consecutive periods, and denote ranges with an unspaced [[en dash]] (e.g. {{nowrap|1993–2004, 2005–present}}). See [[WP:DATE#Longer periods]] and [[WP:MOS#En dashes]]. === label === The record label or labels to which the act has been signed. Omit parenthetical dates; save that information for the main article as this degree of detail is better discussed in prose. [[MOS:PIPEDLINK|Pipe out]] "Records", "Entertainment", "Music" or similar words from the end of any label's name. For example, use <code><nowiki>[[Universal Records|Universal]]</nowiki></code> rather than <code><nowiki>[[Universal Records]]</nowiki></code>. Separate multiple entries by using commas, {{tl|Flatlist}}, or {{tl|Hlist}}.{{r|lists}} Start with the oldest first. === associated_acts === This field is for professional relationships with other notable musicians or bands that are significant to this artist's career. This field can include, for example, any of the following: * For individuals: groups of which they have been a member * Acts with which this act has collaborated on multiple occasions, or on an album, or toured with as a single collaboration act playing together * Groups which have spun off from this group * A group from which this group has spun off Separate multiple entries by using commas, {{tl|Flatlist}}, or {{tl|Hlist}}.{{r|lists}} As per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists]] and [[WP:Bandname]], use [[sentence case]] for lists of band names. Example: The Rolling Stones, the Beatles, the Who The following uses of this field should be avoided: * For groups: the solo careers of its members * Groups with only one member in common * Association of producers, managers, etc. (who are themselves acts) with other acts (unless the act essentially belongs to the producer, as in the case of a studio orchestra formed by and working exclusively with a producer) * One-time collaboration for a single song * Groups that have played or toured together as separate acts * Groups that are merely similar === website === The {{em|single}} web address for the act's primary {{em|official}} website. Use {{tl|URL}} as <nowiki>{{URL|www.example.com}} </nowiki>. {{tl|Official URL}} can be used to automatically fetch the web address from Wikidata. === current_members === <span style="background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|group_or_band}}">This field is only relevant for active groups.</span> Current members of the group, listed in order of joining with no other notation than names. For multiple members joining concurrently (such as the formation of the band), list them according to alphabetical order. Separate multiple entries using [[Help:list|<nowiki>*</nowiki> list markup]]. For example, <pre style="overflow:auto"> | current_members = * Member 1 * Member 2 * Member 3 </pre> === past_members === <span style="background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|group_or_band}}">This field is only relevant for groups.</span> Past members of the group, listed in order of joining with no other notation than names. If a group is inactive, all members should be listed here, and none in the "current_members" field. If membership of the group has varied over time, it should not be noted here, but may be discussed in the article body. Can also be given as {{para|former_members}}. Separate multiple entries using [[Help:list|<nowiki>*</nowiki> list markup]]. For example, <pre style="overflow:auto"> | past_members = * Member 1 * Member 2 * Member 3 </pre> === embed === Set to 'yes' if embedded in another infobox template. === module, module2, module3 === Used for embedding other infoboxes into this one. == Use as a child template == The '''embed''' parameter is used when embedding this infobox into another. {{Infobox person module documentation |template=Infobox musical artist |parameter=embed |example_parameter1=background}} == Embedding other templates == The '''module''' parameters (module, module2, module3) are used for embedding other templates into this infobox. <pre style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre;"> {{Infobox musical artist | name = | background = | <!-- etc. --> | module = {{Infobox ABC | embed = yes <!-- or child=yes / subbox=yes --> | <!-- etc. --> }} }} </pre> == Examples == === For individual musicians === {{Infobox musical artist | name = Mariah Carey | image = Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg | image_upright = 1.0 | alt = Young woman singing into a hand mike with her eyes closed and a big smile | caption = Carey performing in 1998 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = <!-- leave empty if the same "name" --> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|3|27}} | birth_place = [[Huntington, New York]], U.S. | origin = New York City | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[dance-pop]] }} | associated_acts = | occupation = Singer-songwriter, record producer | years_active = 1990–present | label = {{Flatlist| * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] * [[MonarC]]/[[Island Records|Island]] }} | website = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}} }} <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox musical artist | name = Mariah Carey | image = Mariah Carey13 Edwards Dec 1998.jpg | image_upright = 1.0 | alt = Young woman singing into a hand mike with her eyes closed and a big smile | caption = Carey performing in 1998 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = <!-- leave empty if the same "name" --> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|3|27}} | birth_place = [[Huntington, New York]], U.S. | origin = New York City | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Pop music|Pop]] * [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] * [[dance-pop]] }} | associated_acts = | occupation = Singer-songwriter, record producer | years_active = 1990–present | label = {{Flatlist| * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Virgin Records|Virgin]] * [[MonarC]]/[[Island Records|Island]] }} | website = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}} }} </pre> {{Clear}} === For groups or bands === {{Infobox musical artist | name = Audioslave | image = Audioslave 2005.jpg | landscape = yes | alt = Four-man rock group performing on stage, spotlit, with row of darkened fans in the foreground | caption = From left to right: [[Tim Commerford]], [[Chris Cornell]], [[Brad Wilk]] and [[Tom Morello]] in 2005 | background = group_or_band | origin = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S. | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Hard rock]] * [[alternative rock]] * [[post-grunge]] }} | years_active = 2001–2007 | label = {{Flatlist| * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] }} | associated_acts = {{Flatlist| * [[Soundgarden]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[Temple of the Dog]] * [[The Nightwatchman]] }} | website = {{URL|audioslave.com}} | current_members = | past_members = * [[Chris Cornell]] * [[Tom Morello]] * [[Tim Commerford]] * [[Brad Wilk]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox musical artist | name = Audioslave | image = Audioslave 2005.jpg | landscape = yes | alt = Four-man rock group performing on stage, spotlit, with row of darkened fans in the foreground | caption = From left to right: [[Tim Commerford]], [[Chris Cornell]], [[Brad Wilk]] and [[Tom Morello]] in 2005 | background = group_or_band | origin = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S. | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Hard rock]] * [[alternative rock]] * [[post-grunge]] }} | years_active = 2001–2007 | label = {{Flatlist| * [[Epic Records|Epic]] * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] }} | associated_acts = {{Flatlist| * [[Soundgarden]] * [[Rage Against the Machine]] * [[Temple of the Dog]] * [[The Nightwatchman]] }} | website = {{URL|audioslave.com}} | current_members = | past_members = * [[Chris Cornell]] * [[Tom Morello]] * [[Tim Commerford]] * [[Brad Wilk]] }} </pre> Examples of the template in use can be found at: * [[Elvis Presley]] * [[Madonna]] * [[Sly and the Family Stone]] == Tracking categories == Hidden maintenance/tracking categories which may be added to articles using this infobox: * {{Category link with count|Articles with hCards|pages}} – all articles using this infobox * {{Category link with count|Infobox musical artist with missing or invalid Background field}} – if '''background''' parameter is missing or set to any value other than: solo_singer, non_vocal_instrumentalist, non_performing_personnel, group_or_band, classical_ensemble, temporary * {{Category link with count|Pages using Template:Infobox musical artist with unknown parameters}} – any articles using this infobox with unknown parameter names == See also == '''Supporting templates''' * [[Template:Infobox musical artist/color]] * [[Template:Infobox musical artist/hCard class]] * [[Template:Infobox musical artist/tracking]] '''Similate templates''' * [[Template:Infobox person]] == Notes == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="lists">For short horizontal lists of two or three items, comma separators are acceptable, but for longer lists the use of {{tl|Flatlist}} or {{tl|Hlist}} is preferred as they offer a benefit to users of screen readers. Vertical lists should always be implemented by {{tl|Plainlist}} or {{tl|Unbulleted list}} and never by {{tag|br|s}} tags for reasons of [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Vertical lists|accessibility]].</ref> <ref name="location">As per RfC "Naming countries in infoboxes": When identifying a location, city or region in the United States or United Kingdom, the preferred approach is to use the country abbreviations allowed by [[MOS:ACRO]], such as "Portsmouth, New Hampshire, U.S." and "Cardiff, Wales, UK", rather than spelling out the full country name. Avoid using abbreviations for states or provinces in all nations. {{xt|New Hampshire}} rather than {{!xt|NH}}, {{xt|New South Wales}} rather than {{!xt|NSW}}, or {{xt|British Columbia}} rather than {{!xt|BC}} (see [[MOS:POSTABBR]]). Cities such as New York City and London may be rendered as "New York City, U.S." and "London, UK" or simply "New York City" and "London". Also, these should not be linked when the context makes it clear (see [[MOS:OVERLINK]]). If only the country name is included, it may be written out in full. </ref> }} == Microformat == {{UF-hcard-person}} The determination between <code>class="fn"</code> (for individuals) and <code>class="fn org"</code> (for groups) and is made by {{tl|Infobox musical artist/hCard class}}. == TemplateData == {{Collapse top|title=[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "An infobox for musical artists/groups.", "params": { "honorific_prefix": { "label": "Honorific prefix", "description": "titles such as Sir.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "name": { "label": "Name", "description": "Name of group/artist, plain text only.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Name" ], "default": "The page name", "required": false }, "honorific_suffix": { "label": "Honorific suffix", "description": "Honours such as CBE, OBE.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "background": { "label": "Background", "description": "Must be specified, sets to color used. Must be one of 'solo_singer', 'non_vocal_instrumentalist', 'non_performing_personnel', 'group_or_band', 'classical_ensemble', or 'temporary' (for temporary collaborative projects).", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Background" ], "required": true }, "image": { "label": "Image", "description": "Image to use in infobox Set to only the image name e.g. 'ABBA - TopPop 1974 5.png'.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Img" ], "required": false }, "image_size": { "label": "Image size", "description": "Should only be specified if the image is smaller than 220 pixels width. Enter the width in pixels without 'px', for example '150'.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Img_size" ], "required": false }, "image_upright": { "label": "Image upright", "description": "Scales the image thumbnail from its default size by the given factor. Values less than 1 scale the image down (0.9 = 90%) and values greater than 1 scale the image up (1.15 = 115%)..", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Img_upright" ], "required": false }, "landscape": { "label": "Landscape", "description": "Set to yes when using wide, short images.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Landscape" ], "required": false }, "alt": { "label": "Image alt text", "description": "Alt text for the image, for visually impaired and other readers who cannot see the image.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Img_alt" ], "required": false }, "caption": { "label": "Image caption", "description": "Caption for the image.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Img_capt" ], "required": false }, "native_name": { "label": "Native name", "description": "The artist's name in their own language.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "native_name_lang": { "label": "Native name (language)", "description": "ISO 639-2 code e.g. 'fr' or 'fra' for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} for native_name instead", "type": "string", "required": false }, "birth_name": { "label": "Birth name", "description": "The person's name at birth.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Birth_name" ], "required": false }, "alias": { "label": "Alias", "description": "Official stage names, legal names, or other officially authorized names. Not for nicknames.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Alias" ], "required": false }, "birth_date": { "label": "Birth date", "description": "The artist's date of birth; it is preferable to use {{Birth date and age}} e.g. '{{Birth date and age|1949|12|31}}'.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "birth_place": { "label": "Birth place", "description": "The artist's place of birth. e.g. '[[Lubbock, Texas]], U.S.'.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "origin": { "label": "Origin", "description": "The city from which the singer or group originated. e.g. '[[Aston]], [[Birmingham]], England'", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Origin" ], "required": false }, "death_date": { "label": "Death date", "description": "The artist's date of death use {{Death date and age}}", "type": "string", "required": false }, "death_place": { "label": "Death place", "description": "Place of death.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "genre": { "label": "Genre", "description": "The genre or genres of music performed by the act. Genres should be wikilinked and separated by using commas or {{tl|Flatlist}}.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Genre" ], "required": false }, "occupation": { "label": "Occupation", "description": "Roles the artist has fulfilled (e.g. musician, songwriter, producer, etc). For artists who have participated in forms of entertainment outside of music (such as acting), these occupations can be included if notable.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Occupation" ], "required": false }, "instrument": { "label": "Instrument", "description": "General classes of instruments played by the artist, e.g. guitar or violin. Include singing, rapping, beatboxing and/or scat singing if relevant. Separate multiple entries by using commas or {{tl|Flatlist}}. Instruments listed in the infobox should be limited to only those that the artist is primarily known for using.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Instrument" ], "required": false }, "years_active": { "label": "Years active", "description": "Years artist/group was active e.g. '1993–2004, 2005–present'.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Years_active", "yearsactive" ], "required": false }, "label": { "label": "Record label", "description": "The record label or labels to which the act has been signed, as a comma- or {{tl|Flatlist}}-separated list. Omit dates. e.g. '[[Universal Records|Universal]]'.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Label" ], "required": false }, "associated_acts": { "label": "Associated acts", "description": "Professional relationships with other musicians or bands that are significant and notable to this artist's career.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Associated_acts" ], "required": false }, "website": { "label": "Website", "description": "The single web address for the act's primary official website. e.g. '{{URL|blacksabbath.com}}'.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "URL", "url" ], "required": false }, "current_members": { "label": "Current members", "description": "Name of current members of the group, listed in order of joining. Separate multiple entries using * list markup, one per line.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Current_members" ], "required": false }, "past_members": { "label": "Past members", "description": "Past members of the group, listed in order of joining. Separate multiple entries using * list markup, one per line. If a group is inactive, all members should be listed here, and none in the 'current_members' field.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Past_members" ], "required": false }, "notable_instruments": { "label": "Notable instruments", "description": "No longer used.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "Notable_instruments" ], "deprecated": "no longer used." }, "embed": { "label": "Embedded", "description": "Set to 'yes' if embedded in another infobox template.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "module": { "label": "Module", "description": "Used for embedding other infoboxes into this one.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "module2": { "label": "Module 2", "description": "Used for embedding other infoboxes into this one.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "module3": { "label": "Module 3", "description": "Used for embedding other infoboxes into this one.", "type": "string", "required": false } }, "format": "{{_\n| ________________ = _\n}}\n" } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Music infobox templates|Musical Artist]] [[Category:People and person infobox templates|Musical Artist]] [[Category:Biographical templates usable as a module|Musical Artist]] [[Category:Infobox templates with module parameter|Musical Artist]] [[Category:WikiProject Musicians templates|Infobox Musical Artist]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]]<!--sort by PAGENAME--> }}</includeonly> gzd5qr0e00yl0nyhfspt0wgngulmae0 10 8754 75042 2021-02-18T01:45:12Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{Infobox | above = <span class="fn">{{#if:{{{Artist|}}}|{{{Artist}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} discography</span> | abovestyle = {{{abovestyle|{{{Abovestyle|}}}}}} |headerstyle..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | above = <span class="fn">{{#if:{{{Artist|}}}|{{{Artist}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} discography</span> | abovestyle = {{{abovestyle|{{{Abovestyle|}}}}}} |headerstyle = background:#DADCED; |labelstyle = background:#DADCED; |datastyle = background:#E6E8FA; text-align:center; | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{Image|}}}|alt={{{alt|{{{Alt|}}}}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{{image caption|{{{Image caption|{{{Caption|}}}}}}}}} | label1 = Studio albums | data1 = {{{Studio|}}} | label2 = Live albums | data2 = {{{Live|}}} | label3 = Compilation albums | data3 = {{{Compilation|}}} | label4 = Internet albums | data4 = {{{Internet|}}} | label5 = Video albums | data5 = {{{Video|}}} | label6 = Music videos | data6 = {{{Music videos|}}} | label7 = EPs | data7 = {{{EP|}}} | label8 = Singles | data8 = {{{Singles|}}} | label9 = B-sides | data9 = {{{B-sides|}}} | label10 = Soundtrack albums | data10 = {{{Soundtrack|}}} | label11 = Tribute albums | data11 = {{{Tribute|}}} | label20 = {{{Option name|}}} | data20 = {{{Option|}}} | label21 = {{{1Option name|}}} | data21 = {{{1Option|}}} | label22 = {{{2Option name|}}} | data22 = {{{2Option|}}} | label23 = {{{3Option name|}}} | data23 = {{{3Option|}}} | label24 = {{{4Option name|}}} | data24 = {{{4Option|}}} | label25 = {{{5Option name|}}} | data25 = {{{5Option|}}} | label26 = {{{6Option name|}}} | data26 = {{{6Option|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox artist discography with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox artist discography]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=1|1Option name|1Option|2Option name|2Option|3Option name|3Option|4Option name|4Option|5Option name|5Option|6Option name|6Option|Abovestyle|Alt|Artist|B-sides|Caption|Compilation|EP|Image|Image caption|Internet|Live|Music videos|Option name|Option|Singles|Soundtrack|Studio|Tribute|Video|abovestyle|alt|image caption}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE AND INTERWIKIS TO Wikidata --> </noinclude> 85zeq48f683jn0h5lkud11i8tu570ou 10 8755 75043 2021-02-18T01:46:03Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#Invoke:String|replace|{{{1|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAME}}}}}|%s+%b()$||1|false}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#Invoke:String|replace|{{{1|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}PAGENAME}}}}}|%s+%b()$||1|false}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> sam8aetb68ekom4findu6pp900ngldr 828 8756 75044 2021-02-18T01:50:24Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "--[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a..." Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message. error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message. The default category is [Category:Errors reported by Module String]. no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated. Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests. ]] local str = {} --[[ len This function returns the length of the target string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}} OR {{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}} Parameters s: The string whose length to report If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. ]] function str.len( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' return mw.ustring.len( s ) end --[[ sub This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices. Usage: {{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}} OR {{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}} Parameters s: The string to return a subset of i: The fist index of the substring to return, defaults to 1. j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character. The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as selecting the last character of the string. If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is reported. ]] function str.sub( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1 local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1 local len = mw.ustring.len( s ) -- Convert negatives for range checking if i < 0 then i = len + i + 1 end if j < 0 then j = len + j + 1 end if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' ) end if j < i then return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j ) end --[[ This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order to maintain these older templates. ]] function str.sublength( frame ) local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0 local len = tonumber( frame.args.len ) return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) ) end --[[ _match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules Usage: strmatch = require("Module:String")._match sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch ) Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) if s == '' then return str._error( 'Target string is empty' ) end if pattern == '' then return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' ) end start = tonumber(start) or 1 if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' ) end if match_index == 0 then return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' ) end if plain_flag then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) end local result if match_index == 1 then -- Find first match is simple case result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start ) else if start > 1 then s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start ) end local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern) if match_index > 0 then -- Forward search for w in iterator do match_index = match_index - 1 if match_index == 0 then result = w break end end else -- Reverse search local result_table = {} local count = 1 for w in iterator do result_table[count] = w count = count + 1 end result = result_table[ count + match_index ] end end if result == nil then if nomatch == nil then return str._error( 'Match not found' ) else return nomatch end else return result end end --[[ match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. Usage: {{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}} OR {{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}} Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match function str.match( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1 local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false ) local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 ) local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'] return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) end --[[ pos This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos. Usage: {{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}} Parameters target: The string to search pos: The index for the character to return If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. The first character has an index value of 1. If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character. A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error. ]] function str.pos( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} ) local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0 if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then return str._error( 'String index out of range' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos ) end --[[ str_find This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks. This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for new code and templates. New code is recommended to use the "find" function instead. Returns the first index in "source" that is a match to "target". Indexing is 1-based, and the function returns -1 if the "target" string is not present in "source". Important Note: If the "target" string is empty / missing, this function returns a value of "1", which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for separatetly. ]] function str.str_find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' if target_str == '' then return 1 end local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true ) if start == nil then start = -1 end return start end --[[ find This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search target: The string or pattern to find within source start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1 plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0. This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings. ]] function str.find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['target'] or '' local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1 local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return 0 end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain ) if start == nil then start = 0 end return start end --[[ replace This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string| count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search pattern: The string or pattern to find within source replace: The replacement text count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all. plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true ]] function str.replace( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local replace = new_args['replace'] or '' local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] ) local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return source_str end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) replace = mw.ustring.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences. end local result if count ~= nil then result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count ) else result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace ) end return result end --[[ simple function to pipe string.rep to templates. ]] function str.rep( frame ) local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] ) if not repetitions then return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' ) end return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions ) end --[[ escapePattern This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1] for details on how patterns work. [1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns Usage: {{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}} Parameters pattern_string: The pattern string to escape. ]] function str.escapePattern( frame ) local pattern_str = frame.args[1] if not pattern_str then return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' ) end local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return result end --[[ count This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another. ]] function str.count(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern) end local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '') return count end --[[ endswith This function determines whether a string ends with another string. ]] function str.endswith(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' if pattern == '' then -- All strings end with the empty string. return "yes" end if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then return "yes" else return "" end end --[[ join Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator. Usage: {{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}} ]] function str.join(frame) local args = {} local sep for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do if sep then if v ~= '' then table.insert(args, v) end else sep = v end end return table.concat( args, sep or '' ) end --[[ Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application. ]] function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {} local index = 1 local value for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index] index = index + 1 end new_args[arg] = value end return new_args end --[[ Helper function to handle error messages. ]] function str._error( error_str ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String' local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then return '' end local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>' if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str end return error_str end --[[ Helper Function to interpret boolean strings ]] function str._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false else boolean_value = true end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else error( 'No boolean value found' ) end return boolean_value end --[[ Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated as plain text. ]] function str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" ) end return str cufmbepw7ml3gut4lchtqrhtj5r63cp 10 8757 84727 75045 2022-05-20T02:37:57Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:High-use]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:High-use]] {{Rcat shell| {{Wikidata redirect}} {{R from merge}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 5ypw8nzs5x9l9hs9og1m6vi8vbxlq11 10 8758 75047 2021-02-18T02:04:29Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> |..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}} | main | other }} }} | main = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ngt28vb1n5t4bh1su57btnqyofkd1d5 10 8759 75048 2021-02-18T02:05:42Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "<includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} |solo_singer |non_vocal_instrumentalist |non_performing_personnel |group_or_band |classical_ensemble |temporary= |{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NS:0..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} |solo_singer |non_vocal_instrumentalist |non_performing_personnel |group_or_band |classical_ensemble |temporary= |{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NS:0}}|[[Category:Infobox musical artist with missing or invalid Background field|{{urlencode:{{{1|*}}}}} ]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qb8hwtzfisi3d438m0dp40yz6ngyjgr 828 8760 75051 2021-02-18T02:13:15Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "-- This module takes positional parameters as input and concatenates them with -- an optional separator. The final separator (the "conjunction") can be -- specified independen..." Scribunto text/plain -- This module takes positional parameters as input and concatenates them with -- an optional separator. The final separator (the "conjunction") can be -- specified independently, enabling natural-language lists like -- "foo, bar, baz and qux". The starting parameter can also be specified. local compressSparseArray = require('Module:TableTools').compressSparseArray local p = {} function p._main(args) local separator = args.separator -- Decode (convert to Unicode) HTML escape sequences, such as "&#32;" for space. and mw.text.decode(args.separator) or '' local conjunction = args.conjunction and mw.text.decode(args.conjunction) or separator -- Discard values before the starting parameter. local start = tonumber(args.start) if start then for i = 1, start - 1 do args[i] = nil end end -- Discard named parameters. local values = compressSparseArray(args) return mw.text.listToText(values, separator, conjunction) end local function makeInvokeFunction(separator, conjunction, first) return function (frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) args.separator = separator or args.separator args.conjunction = conjunction or args.conjunction args.first = first or args.first return p._main(args) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunction() p.br = makeInvokeFunction('<br />') p.comma = makeInvokeFunction(mw.message.new('comma-separator'):plain()) return p r3n53qz4zycs3vxyo5ms9qjo1jm32bp 828 8761 75052 2021-02-18T02:13:56Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{Module other|{{Module rating |p}}}} {{high-risk| approximately 2050000 }} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:TableTools}} <!-- Please place template categories where indicated at..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module other|{{Module rating |p}}}} {{high-risk| approximately 2050000 }} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:TableTools}} <!-- Please place template categories where indicated at the bottom of this page --> == Usage == [[Module:Separated entries]] serves as a template front-end to <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.text.listToText|mw.text.listToText]]</code>. It takes [[variadic function|any number]] of positional parameters and [[concatenation|pieces them together]] with {{para|separator}}. {{para|conjunction}} can be optionally defined if a different separator is desired between the last and second last items. The starting positional parameter can be specified using {{para|start}}. Leading and trailing whitespace is stripped; if the {{para|separator}} should contain spaces, use the HTML escape code <code>&amp;#32;</code>. Separated entries does not raise any errors by design. <nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''main''|separator=...}} == See also == * {{tlx|Enum}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Template Categories below this line, please --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] }}</includeonly> jsdqrz66d7mod1xvtqg28tbzrd2sipo 10 8762 84346 75053 2022-05-19T09:45:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Editing Inyandikorugero:Tlx wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link expanded]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} 3q8x11tutc2rrxvxoewmgkhc3iqdc08 10 8763 75054 2021-02-18T02:16:37Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Module}} | module | other }} }} | module = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 9db98vx09purrfch7wguurzjgqz7u93 828 8764 75055 2021-02-18T02:19:29Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "-- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from -- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be -- called from #invoke..." Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from -- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be -- called from #invoke directly. local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local arguments = {} -- Generate four different tidyVal functions, so that we don't have to check the -- options every time we call it. local function tidyValDefault(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if val == '' then return nil else return val end else return val end end local function tidyValTrimOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then return val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') else return val end end local function tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then if val:find('%S') then return val else return nil end else return val end end local function tidyValNoChange(key, val) return val end local function matchesTitle(given, title) local tp = type( given ) return (tp == 'string' or tp == 'number') and mw.title.new( given ).prefixedText == title end local translate_mt = { __index = function(t, k) return k end } function arguments.getArgs(frame, options) checkType('getArgs', 1, frame, 'table', true) checkType('getArgs', 2, options, 'table', true) frame = frame or {} options = options or {} --[[ -- Set up argument translation. --]] options.translate = options.translate or {} if getmetatable(options.translate) == nil then setmetatable(options.translate, translate_mt) end if options.backtranslate == nil then options.backtranslate = {} for k,v in pairs(options.translate) do options.backtranslate[v] = k end end if options.backtranslate and getmetatable(options.backtranslate) == nil then setmetatable(options.backtranslate, { __index = function(t, k) if options.translate[k] ~= k then return nil else return k end end }) end --[[ -- Get the argument tables. If we were passed a valid frame object, get the -- frame arguments (fargs) and the parent frame arguments (pargs), depending -- on the options set and on the parent frame's availability. If we weren't -- passed a valid frame object, we are being called from another Lua module -- or from the debug console, so assume that we were passed a table of args -- directly, and assign it to a new variable (luaArgs). --]] local fargs, pargs, luaArgs if type(frame.args) == 'table' and type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then if options.wrappers then --[[ -- The wrappers option makes Module:Arguments look up arguments in -- either the frame argument table or the parent argument table, but -- not both. This means that users can use either the #invoke syntax -- or a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated -- with looking arguments up in both the frame and the parent frame. -- Module:Arguments will look up arguments in the parent frame -- if it finds the parent frame's title in options.wrapper; -- otherwise it will look up arguments in the frame object passed -- to getArgs. --]] local parent = frame:getParent() if not parent then fargs = frame.args else local title = parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') local found = false if matchesTitle(options.wrappers, title) then found = true elseif type(options.wrappers) == 'table' then for _,v in pairs(options.wrappers) do if matchesTitle(v, title) then found = true break end end end -- We test for false specifically here so that nil (the default) acts like true. if found or options.frameOnly == false then pargs = parent.args end if not found or options.parentOnly == false then fargs = frame.args end end else -- options.wrapper isn't set, so check the other options. if not options.parentOnly then fargs = frame.args end if not options.frameOnly then local parent = frame:getParent() pargs = parent and parent.args or nil end end if options.parentFirst then fargs, pargs = pargs, fargs end else luaArgs = frame end -- Set the order of precedence of the argument tables. If the variables are -- nil, nothing will be added to the table, which is how we avoid clashes -- between the frame/parent args and the Lua args. local argTables = {fargs} argTables[#argTables + 1] = pargs argTables[#argTables + 1] = luaArgs --[[ -- Generate the tidyVal function. If it has been specified by the user, we -- use that; if not, we choose one of four functions depending on the -- options chosen. This is so that we don't have to call the options table -- every time the function is called. --]] local tidyVal = options.valueFunc if tidyVal then if type(tidyVal) ~= 'function' then error( "bad value assigned to option 'valueFunc'" .. '(function expected, got ' .. type(tidyVal) .. ')', 2 ) end elseif options.trim ~= false then if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValDefault else tidyVal = tidyValTrimOnly end else if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly else tidyVal = tidyValNoChange end end --[[ -- Set up the args, metaArgs and nilArgs tables. args will be the one -- accessed from functions, and metaArgs will hold the actual arguments. Nil -- arguments are memoized in nilArgs, and the metatable connects all of them -- together. --]] local args, metaArgs, nilArgs, metatable = {}, {}, {}, {} setmetatable(args, metatable) local function mergeArgs(tables) --[[ -- Accepts multiple tables as input and merges their keys and values -- into one table. If a value is already present it is not overwritten; -- tables listed earlier have precedence. We are also memoizing nil -- values, which can be overwritten if they are 's' (soft). --]] for _, t in ipairs(tables) do for key, val in pairs(t) do if metaArgs[key] == nil and nilArgs[key] ~= 'h' then local tidiedVal = tidyVal(key, val) if tidiedVal == nil then nilArgs[key] = 's' else metaArgs[key] = tidiedVal end end end end end --[[ -- Define metatable behaviour. Arguments are memoized in the metaArgs table, -- and are only fetched from the argument tables once. Fetching arguments -- from the argument tables is the most resource-intensive step in this -- module, so we try and avoid it where possible. For this reason, nil -- arguments are also memoized, in the nilArgs table. Also, we keep a record -- in the metatable of when pairs and ipairs have been called, so we do not -- run pairs and ipairs on the argument tables more than once. We also do -- not run ipairs on fargs and pargs if pairs has already been run, as all -- the arguments will already have been copied over. --]] metatable.__index = function (t, key) --[[ -- Fetches an argument when the args table is indexed. First we check -- to see if the value is memoized, and if not we try and fetch it from -- the argument tables. When we check memoization, we need to check -- metaArgs before nilArgs, as both can be non-nil at the same time. -- If the argument is not present in metaArgs, we also check whether -- pairs has been run yet. If pairs has already been run, we return nil. -- This is because all the arguments will have already been copied into -- metaArgs by the mergeArgs function, meaning that any other arguments -- must be nil. --]] if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end local val = metaArgs[key] if val ~= nil then return val elseif metatable.donePairs or nilArgs[key] then return nil end for _, argTable in ipairs(argTables) do local argTableVal = tidyVal(key, argTable[key]) if argTableVal ~= nil then metaArgs[key] = argTableVal return argTableVal end end nilArgs[key] = 'h' return nil end metatable.__newindex = function (t, key, val) -- This function is called when a module tries to add a new value to the -- args table, or tries to change an existing value. if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end if options.readOnly then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; the table is read-only', 2 ) elseif options.noOverwrite and args[key] ~= nil then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; overwriting existing arguments is not permitted', 2 ) elseif val == nil then --[[ -- If the argument is to be overwritten with nil, we need to erase -- the value in metaArgs, so that __index, __pairs and __ipairs do -- not use a previous existing value, if present; and we also need -- to memoize the nil in nilArgs, so that the value isn't looked -- up in the argument tables if it is accessed again. --]] metaArgs[key] = nil nilArgs[key] = 'h' else metaArgs[key] = val end end local function translatenext(invariant) local k, v = next(invariant.t, invariant.k) invariant.k = k if k == nil then return nil elseif type(k) ~= 'string' or not options.backtranslate then return k, v else local backtranslate = options.backtranslate[k] if backtranslate == nil then -- Skip this one. This is a tail call, so this won't cause stack overflow return translatenext(invariant) else return backtranslate, v end end end metatable.__pairs = function () -- Called when pairs is run on the args table. if not metatable.donePairs then mergeArgs(argTables) metatable.donePairs = true end return translatenext, { t = metaArgs } end local function inext(t, i) -- This uses our __index metamethod local v = t[i + 1] if v ~= nil then return i + 1, v end end metatable.__ipairs = function (t) -- Called when ipairs is run on the args table. return inext, t, 0 end return args end return arguments 5qx9tzlul9ser30uxj9nbasjt92cevn 10 8765 75057 2021-02-18T02:23:15Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "<span class="nowrap">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc page; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc page; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> avb5tcymgupik1ikutqclidkj9tnitx 10 8766 75058 2021-02-18T02:23:54Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use| 1..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use| 1152255 }} {{COinS safe|n}} {{tsh|nobr|nobreak}} {{tlx|Nowrap}} or {{tlx|nowrap}} stops [[Line wrap and word wrap|wrapping]] of specific text (which can be inside of a link). Use this template '''sparingly'''. It prevents word wraps (line breaks) that might otherwise happen at spaces, hyphens&nbsp;("-"), or, in some browsers, parentheses. The size of the nowrapped text becomes the minimum width of that paragraph and that can negatively influence the ability of the page to adapt to smaller screens, or alternate representations of the content. To achieve the opposite effect of <code>&#123;&#123;nowrap&#125;&#125;</code>, you can use {{tlx|wbr}}. For more information about wrapping and breaking sentences, see [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]]. == Usage == :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|these words stay together}}</nowiki></code> :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|a, b, c, or d.}}</nowiki></code> :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap| merry-go-round }}</nowiki></code> :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap| [[4-part harmony]] }}</nowiki></code> :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap| [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] }}</nowiki></code> :: <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap| [[#Examples|Examples section]] }}</nowiki></code> === Examples === {| class=wikitable |"<code>They held <nowiki>{{Nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}}</nowiki> in total.</code>" <br/> May render like this: :They held {{Nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} <br/>in total. <br/> Or like this: :They held <br/>10 kg (22 lb) in total. <br/> But ''not'' render like this: :They held 10 kg (22 <br/>lb) in total. | "<code>He encountered <nowiki>{{Nowrap|a tiger}}</nowiki> in the woods.</code>" <br/> May render like this: :He encountered a tiger <br/>in the woods. <br/> Or like this: :He encountered <br/>a tiger in the woods. <br/> But ''not'' like this: :He encountered a <br/>tiger in the woods. |} === Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes === This template may be used with {{tlx|Wbr}} and {{tlx|Spaces}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. === Handling equal-sign or bar === [[Help:Template|Templates]] have problems with parameter data that contains [[equal-sign]]s "<code>=</code>" or vertical bars "<code>|</code>" (pipes). Note that this does not apply if the equal-sign "<code>=</code>" or vertical bar "<code>|</code>" is inside a wikilink or another template. In the case that there is a bare equal-sign "<code>=</code>" or vertical bar "<code>|</code>", consider using {{tl|Nowrap begin}} + {{tl|Nowrap end}} instead. However, there are also other workarounds: For text that includes an equal-sign "=", precede the text with <code>1=</code>, use a triple-brace unnamed parameter <code><nowiki>{{{|=}}}</nowiki></code>, or the <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> template. For example: :<code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|</nowiki>1=2 + 2 = 4}}</code>, <br /><code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|2 + 2 {{{|=}}} 4}}</nowiki></code>, or <br /><code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|2 + 2 {{=}} 4}}</nowiki></code> which all render as this: :{{Nowrap|1=2 + 2 = 4}}. For text that includes a vertical bar "|", escape the bar(s) with "<code><nowiki>&amp;#124;</nowiki></code>" or "<code><nowiki>{{pipe}}</nowiki></code>" or "<code><nowiki>{{abs}}</nowiki></code>". For instance, put two bars "|6|" like this: :<code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|</nowiki>&amp;#124;6&amp;#124; < 7}}</code> &nbsp;or&nbsp; <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|{{pipe}}6{{pipe}} < 7}}</nowiki></code> &nbsp;or&nbsp; <code><nowiki>{{Nowrap|{{abs|6}} < 7}}</nowiki></code> Which renders this: :{{Nowrap|&#124;6&#124; < 7}} == Technical details == The actual code that does the job is this HTML {{tag|span|open|link=yes}} tag that applies a class to the text inside the template: :{{code|lang=html|1=<span class="nowrap">This text will not wrap</span>}} The class <code>nowrap</code> receives the CSS property {{code|lang=css|white-space: nowrap;}} in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Prevents word wraps (line breaks) within text or inside a link which contains spaces or hyphens (-).", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "description": "Text or link to be protected.", "type": "string", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == See also == {{List of nowrap-like templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Line-handling templates]] }}</includeonly> pvr53ss8r92hwy6zbh3p1vpl29eohbq 10 8767 75059 2021-02-18T02:25:13Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "<includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:age|birth_date_and_age}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|ignoreblank=y|preview=Page using [[Template:Birth date and age]..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:age|birth_date_and_age}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|ignoreblank=y|preview=Page using [[Template:Birth date and age]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using birth date and age template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|1|2|3|day|month|year|df|mf}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 0 | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|label|raw}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:String|match|{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P31}},|Q5,|1|1|true|}} | {{#if: {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P569}} | | [[Category:Date of birth not in Wikidata]] }} }} | [[Category:Articles without Wikidata item]] }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> a0pyxjpy9sf2d4e6jiwi9hktjdnwilq 10 8768 75060 2021-02-18T02:26:16Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:AD97:E94A:1ECC:1CCB Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Warning|''Do '''NOT''' use this template when the exact date of birth is d..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Warning|''Do '''NOT''' use this template when the exact date of birth is disputed or unknown; consider {{tlp|Birth year and age}} instead.''}} {{High-use| 520,000 }} {{Template shortcut|bda}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P569}} {{Lua|Module:Age|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} '''{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}''' will return a living person's date of birth and age. Using this template rather than simply inserting the date into articles allows for the inclusion of hidden [[metadata]] about the date. This metadata can be used by web browsers and other software tools to extract the details, and display them using some other website or mapping tool, index, or search them. This template is intended for use in an article about a living person. For an article about a dead person, use {{tlp|Birth date}} with {{tlp|Death date and age}}. {{notice|heading=Is the displayed age incorrect?|1=The age displayed was calculated when the page was last [[Wikipedia:Purge|purged]]. If a particular article is showing the wrong age, edit the whole page and publish the edit without making any change and with no edit summary. That will update the age. The page can also be purged by appending <code>&action=purge</code> to the URL.}} == Usage == ; Unnamed parameters for year, month, day : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Birth date and age|''year of birth''|''month of birth''|''day of birth''|''additional parameters''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>bda|''year of birth''|''month of birth''|''day of birth''|''additional parameters''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ; Named parameters for year, month, day : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Birth date and age|year=''year of birth''|month=''month of birth''|day=''day of birth''|''additional parameters''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>bda|year=''year of birth''|month=''month of birth''|day=''day of birth''|''additional parameters''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === Additional parameters === The '''df''' (day first) and '''mf''' (month first) parameters indicate the intended date format to display. The appropriate parameter should be set to "y" or "yes" e.g. '''df=yes''' or '''mf=y'''. The default output of this template is to display the month before the day. This default may not be appropriate for articles about people from parts of the world where the day precedes the month in a date. In such articles the parameter, "df", should be set to display the day before the month. The parameter "mf", while not actually used by the template, will indicate that month first format is intended. Using these parameters can assist [[WP:BOT|bots]] or other automated processing to detect which date format is intended; leaving the format as default may lead an editor or bot to change the format to an unintended value. Do not specify both "df" and "mf" parameters in the same use of the template, as these formats are mutually exclusive. === Error tracking === Some kinds of invalid input are tracked in [[:Category:Pages using age template with invalid date]]. Also see {{clc|Pages using birth date and age template with unknown parameters}}. === hCard microformat === This template also returns the date, hidden by CSS, in the [[WP:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] standard.<ref>{{cite web | date = April 7, 2013 | url = http://microformats.org/wiki/date-pattern | title = Date Design Pattern | website = Microformats Wiki}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | date = August 28, 2009 | url = http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-issues-closed | title = hCalendar closed issues | website = Microformats Wiki}} Specifically rejects supporting the Julian calendar.</ref> For example: : <code><nowiki>(<span class="bday">1993-02-24</span>)</nowiki></code> Note: For the "foundation", "built" and similar set-up dates of companies, buildings etc., use {{tl|start date}} (this will work for year-only or month-year dates). Because the ISO 8601 standard requires the [[Gregorian calendar]], this template should not be used if the date is given in the [[Julian calendar]]. For further information, visit [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats|the microformats project]]. === Notes === * '''Do not use with non-Gregorian dates''' because the resulting hCard hidden date will be false. * The template will appear broken when the parameters are left blank. * When only the month or year of a person's birth and/or death are known, or if it is desired not to state a person's full dates of birth for privacy reasons, consider using the templates {{tlp|Birth year}} or {{tl|Birth year and age}} instead. == Examples == ; Unnamed parameters for year, month, day : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24|df=yes}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|2|24|mf=yes}}" ; Named parameters for year, month, day : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24|df=yes}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=2|day=24|mf=yes}}" === Using month name instead of number === The following examples use a parameter value that will not work in the {{tlp|Birth date}}, {{tlp|Death date}}, or {{tlp|Death date and age}} templates. ; Unnamed parameters for year, month name, day : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24|df=yes}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993|Feb|24|mf=yes}}" ; Named parameters for year, month name, day : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24|df=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24|df=yes}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24|mf=yes}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|year=1993|month=Feb|day=24|mf=yes}}" === Using full date in one parameter === The following examples use a parameter value that will not work in the {{tlp|Birth date}}, {{tlp|Death date}}, or {{tlp|Death date and age}} templates. The date format entered does not change the date format displayed, which is MDY by default or DMY if {{para|df|y}} (to display the date in the same format it was entered, use {{tlp|Birth-date and age}}). ; Unnamed parameter for full date (output in MDY format) : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993-2-24}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993-2-24}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|Feb 24, 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|Feb 24, 1993}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|24 Feb 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|24 Feb 1993}}" ; Unnamed parameter for full date (output in DMY format) : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|1993-2-24|df=y}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|1993-2-24|df=y}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|24 Feb 1993|df=y}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|24 Feb 1993|df=y}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|Feb 24, 1993|df=y}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|Feb 24, 1993|df=y}}" ; Output as compared to {{tlp|Birth-date and age}} : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|24 February 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|24 February 1993}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth-date and age|24 February 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth-date and age|24 February 1993}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth date and age|Feb. 24, 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth date and age|Feb. 24, 1993}}" : <code><nowiki>{{Birth-date and age|Feb. 24, 1993}}</nowiki></code> returns "{{Birth-date and age|Feb. 24, 1993}}" == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template will return a living person's date of birth and age. Using this template rather than simply inserting the date into articles allows for the inclusion of hidden metadata about the date. This metadata can be used by web browsers and other software tools to extract the details, and display them using some other website or mapping tool, index, or search them.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Year of birth", "description": "The year in which the person was born", "type": "number", "example": "1993", "required": true, "aliases": [ "year" ] }, "2": { "label": "Month of birth", "description": "The month (number) in which the person was born", "type": "number", "example": "2", "required": true, "aliases": [ "month" ] }, "3": { "label": "Day of birth", "description": "The day (number) in which the person was born", "type": "number", "example": "24", "required": true, "aliases": [ "day" ] }, "df": { "label": "Day first", "description": "When set to 'y' or 'yes', the date of birth is output in a DMY format", "type": "string", "example": "y", "required": false }, "mf": { "label": "Month first", "description": "When set to 'y' or 'yes', stresses that the default MDY date format is intended for the date of birth", "type": "string", "example": "y", "required": false } } } </templatedata> == References == {{reflist}} == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using birth date and age template with unknown parameters}} * {{Category link with count|Date of birth not in Wikidata}} * {{Category link with count|Articles without Wikidata item}} == See also == * {{tl|Birth year and age}} for year of birth, with optional parameter for month * {{tl|Birth-date and age}} which accepts formats like "1 April 1990" or "April 1, 1990" * {{tl|Birth date}} or {{tl|Birth-date}} for a deceased person * {{tl|Recent birth}} {{Birth, death and age templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!----- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: -----> [[Category:Date mathematics templates]] [[Category:Templates generating microformat date and age]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> o0x92ungvhl1tt1s9kfu9m5rvs17cb8 828 8769 75061 2021-02-18T02:33:08Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with " local mtext = { -- Message and other text that should be localized. ['mt-bad-param1'] = 'Invalid parameter $1', ['mt-bad-param2'] = 'Parameter $1=$..." Scribunto text/plain local mtext = { -- Message and other text that should be localized. ['mt-bad-param1'] = 'Invalid parameter $1', ['mt-bad-param2'] = 'Parameter $1=$2 is invalid', ['mt-bad-show'] = 'Parameter show=$1 is not supported here', ['mt-cannot-add'] = 'Cannot add "$1"', ['mt-conflicting-show'] = 'Parameter show=$1 conflicts with round=$2', ['mt-date-wrong-order'] = 'The second date must be later in time than the first date', ['mt-dd-future'] = 'Death date (first date) must not be in the future', ['mt-dd-wrong-order'] = 'Death date (first date) must be later in time than the birth date (second date)', ['mt-invalid-bd-age'] = 'Invalid birth date for calculating age', ['mt-invalid-dates-age'] = 'Invalid dates for calculating age', ['mt-invalid-end'] = 'Invalid end date in second parameter', ['mt-invalid-start'] = 'Invalid start date in first parameter', ['mt-need-jdn'] = 'Need valid Julian date number', ['mt-need-valid-bd'] = 'Need valid birth date: year, month, day', ['mt-need-valid-bd2'] = 'Need valid birth date (second date): year, month, day', ['mt-need-valid-date'] = 'Need valid date', ['mt-need-valid-dd'] = 'Need valid death date (first date): year, month, day', ['mt-need-valid-ymd'] = 'Need valid year, month, day', ['mt-need-valid-ymd-current'] = 'Need valid year|month|day or "currentdate"', ['mt-need-valid-ymd2'] = 'Second date should be year, month, day', ['mt-template-bad-name'] = 'The specified template name is not valid', ['mt-template-x'] = 'The template invoking this must have "|template=x" where x is the wanted operation', ['txt-age'] = '(age&nbsp;', ['txt-aged'] = ' (aged&nbsp;', ['txt-and'] = ' and ', ['txt-comma-and'] = ', and ', ['txt-error'] = 'Error: ', ['txt-or'] = '&nbsp;or ', } local translate, from_en, to_en, isZero if translate then -- Functions to translate from en to local language and reverse go here. -- See example at [[:bn:Module:বয়স]]. else from_en = function (text) return text end isZero = function (text) return tonumber(text) == 0 end end local _Date, _currentDate local function getExports(frame) -- Return objects exported from the date module or its sandbox. if not _Date then local sandbox = frame:getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or '' local datemod = require('Module:Date' .. sandbox) local realDate = datemod._Date _currentDate = datemod._current if to_en then _Date = function (...) local args = {} for i, v in ipairs({...}) do args[i] = to_en(v) end return realDate(unpack(args)) end else _Date = realDate end end return _Date, _currentDate end local Collection -- a table to hold items Collection = { add = function (self, item) if item ~= nil then self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end end, join = function (self, sep) return table.concat(self, sep) end, remove = function (self, pos) if self.n > 0 and (pos == nil or (0 < pos and pos <= self.n)) then self.n = self.n - 1 return table.remove(self, pos) end end, sort = function (self, comp) table.sort(self, comp) end, new = function () return setmetatable({n = 0}, Collection) end } Collection.__index = Collection local function stripToNil(text) -- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty. -- Otherwise return text (which may, for example, be nil). if type(text) == 'string' then text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end return text end local function yes(parameter) -- Return true if parameter should be interpreted as "yes". -- Do not want to accept mixed upper/lowercase unless done by current templates. -- Need to accept "on" because "round=on" is wanted. return ({ y = true, yes = true, on = true })[parameter] end local function message(msg, id) -- Return formatted message text for an error or warning. local function getText(msg) return mtext[msg] or error('Bug: message "' .. tostring(msg) .. '" not defined') end local text if type(msg) == 'table' then text = getText(msg[1]) local rep = {} for i, v in ipairs(msg) do if i > 1 then rep['$' .. (i - 1)] = v end end text = text:gsub('$%d+', rep) else text = getText(msg) end local categories = { error = '[[Category:Age error]]', warning = '[[Category:Age error]]', -- same as error until determine whether 'Age warning' would be worthwhile } local a, b, category if id == 'warning' then a = '<sup>[<i>' b = '</i>]</sup>' else a = '<strong class="error">' .. getText('txt-error') b = '</strong>' end if mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(0) then -- Category only in namespaces: 0=article. category = categories[id or 'error'] end return a .. mw.text.nowiki(text) .. b .. (category or '') end local function formatNumber(number) -- Return the given number formatted with commas as group separators, -- given that the number is an integer. local numstr = tostring(number) local length = #numstr local places = Collection.new() local pos = 0 repeat places:add(pos) pos = pos + 3 until pos >= length places:add(length) local groups = Collection.new() for i = places.n, 2, -1 do local p1 = length - places[i] + 1 local p2 = length - places[i - 1] groups:add(numstr:sub(p1, p2)) end return groups:join(',') end local function spellNumber(number, options, i) -- Return result of spelling number, or -- return number (as a string) if cannot spell it. -- i == 1 for the first number which can optionally start with an uppercase letter. number = tostring(number) return require('Module:ConvertNumeric').spell_number( number, nil, -- fraction numerator nil, -- fraction denominator i == 1 and options.upper, -- true: 'One' instead of 'one' not options.us, -- true: use 'and' between tens/ones etc options.adj, -- true: hyphenated options.ordinal -- true: 'first' instead of 'one' ) or number end local function makeExtra(args, flagCurrent) -- Return extra text that will be inserted before the visible result -- but after any sort key. local extra = args.prefix or '' if mw.ustring.len(extra) > 1 then -- Parameter "~" gives "~3" whereas "over" gives "over 3". if extra:sub(-6, -1) ~= '&nbsp;' then extra = extra .. ' ' end end if flagCurrent then extra = '<span class="currentage"></span>' .. extra end return extra end local function makeSort(value, sortable) -- Return a sort key if requested. -- Assume value is a valid number which has not overflowed. if sortable == 'sortable_table' or sortable == 'sortable_on' or sortable == 'sortable_debug' then local sortKey if value == 0 then sortKey = '5000000000000000000' else local mag = math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(value)) + 1e-14) if value > 0 then sortKey = 7000 + mag else sortKey = 2999 - mag value = value + 10^(mag+1) end sortKey = string.format('%d', sortKey) .. string.format('%015.0f', math.floor(value * 10^(14-mag))) end local result if sortable == 'sortable_table' then result = 'data-sort-value="_SORTKEY_"|' elseif sortable == 'sortable_debug' then result = '<span data-sort-value="_SORTKEY_♠"><span style="border:1px solid">_SORTKEY_♠</span></span>' else result = '<span data-sort-value="_SORTKEY_♠"></span>' end return result:gsub('_SORTKEY_', sortKey) end end local translateParameters = { abbr = { off = 'abbr_off', on = 'abbr_on', }, disp = { age = 'disp_age', raw = 'disp_raw', }, format = { raw = 'format_raw', commas = 'format_commas', }, round = { on = 'on', yes = 'on', months = 'ym', weeks = 'ymw', days = 'ymd', hours = 'ymdh', }, sep = { comma = 'sep_comma', [','] = 'sep_comma', serialcomma = 'sep_serialcomma', space = 'sep_space', }, show = { hide = { id = 'hide' }, y = { 'y', id = 'y' }, ym = { 'y', 'm', id = 'ym' }, ymd = { 'y', 'm', 'd', id = 'ymd' }, ymw = { 'y', 'm', 'w', id = 'ymw' }, ymwd = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', id = 'ymwd' }, yd = { 'y', 'd', id = 'yd', keepZero = true }, m = { 'm', id = 'm' }, md = { 'm', 'd', id = 'md' }, w = { 'w', id = 'w' }, wd = { 'w', 'd', id = 'wd' }, h = { 'H', id = 'h' }, hm = { 'H', 'M', id = 'hm' }, hms = { 'H', 'M', 'S', id = 'hms' }, M = { 'M', id = 'M' }, s = { 'S', id = 's' }, d = { 'd', id = 'd' }, dh = { 'd', 'H', id = 'dh' }, dhm = { 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'dhm' }, dhms = { 'd', 'H', 'M', 'S', id = 'dhms' }, ymdh = { 'y', 'm', 'd', 'H', id = 'ymdh' }, ymdhm = { 'y', 'm', 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'ymdhm' }, ymwdh = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', 'H', id = 'ymwdh' }, ymwdhm = { 'y', 'm', 'w', 'd', 'H', 'M', id = 'ymwdhm' }, }, sortable = { off = false, on = 'sortable_on', table = 'sortable_table', debug = 'sortable_debug', }, } local spellOptions = { cardinal = {}, Cardinal = { upper = true }, cardinal_us = { us = true }, Cardinal_us = { us = true, upper = true }, ordinal = { ordinal = true }, Ordinal = { ordinal = true, upper = true }, ordinal_us = { ordinal = true, us = true }, Ordinal_us = { ordinal = true, us = true, upper = true }, } local function dateExtract(frame) -- Return part of a date after performing an optional operation. local Date = getExports(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local parms = {} for i, v in ipairs(args) do parms[i] = v end if yes(args.fix) then table.insert(parms, 'fix') end if yes(args.partial) then table.insert(parms, 'partial') end local show = stripToNil(args.show) or 'dmy' local date = Date(unpack(parms)) if not date then if show == 'format' then return 'error' end return message('mt-need-valid-date') end local add = stripToNil(args.add) if add then for item in add:gmatch('%S+') do date = date + item if not date then return message({ 'mt-cannot-add', item }) end end end local sortKey, result local sortable = translateParameters.sortable[args.sortable] if sortable then local value = (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz sortKey = makeSort(value, sortable) end if show ~= 'hide' then result = date[show] if result == nil then result = from_en(date:text(show)) elseif type(result) == 'boolean' then result = result and '1' or '0' else result = from_en(tostring(result)) end end return (sortKey or '') .. makeExtra(args) .. (result or '') end local function rangeJoin(range) -- Return text to be used between a range of ages. return range == 'dash' and '–' or mtext['txt-or'] end local function makeText(values, components, names, options, noUpper) -- Return wikitext representing an age or duration. local text = Collection.new() local count = #values local sep = names.sep or '' for i, v in ipairs(values) do -- v is a number (say 4 for 4 years), or a table ({4,5} for 4 or 5 years). local islist = type(v) == 'table' if (islist or v > 0) or (text.n == 0 and i == count) or (text.n > 0 and components.keepZero) then local fmt, vstr if options.spell then fmt = function(number) return spellNumber(number, options.spell, noUpper or i) end elseif i == 1 and options.format == 'format_commas' then -- Numbers after the first should be small and not need formatting. fmt = formatNumber else fmt = tostring end if islist then vstr = fmt(v[1]) .. rangeJoin(options.range) noUpper = true vstr = vstr .. fmt(v[2]) else vstr = fmt(v) end local name = names[components[i]] if name then local plural = names.plural if not plural or (islist and v[2] or v) == 1 then plural = '' end text:add(vstr .. sep .. name .. plural) else text:add(vstr) end end end local first, last if options.join == 'sep_space' then first = ' ' last = ' ' elseif options.join == 'sep_comma' then first = ', ' last = ', ' elseif options.join == 'sep_serialcomma' and text.n > 2 then first = ', ' last = mtext['txt-comma-and'] else first = ', ' last = mtext['txt-and'] end for i, v in ipairs(text) do if i < text.n then text[i] = v .. (i + 1 < text.n and first or last) end end local sign = '' if options.isnegative then -- Do not display negative zero. if text.n > 1 or (text.n == 1 and text[1]:sub(1, 1) ~= '0' ) then if options.format == 'format_raw' then sign = '-' -- plain hyphen so result can be used in a calculation else sign = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN end end end return (options.sortKey or '') .. (options.extra or '') .. sign .. text:join() .. (options.suffix or '') end local function dateDifference(parms) -- Return a formatted date difference using the given parameters -- which have been validated. local names = { abbr_off = { plural = 's', sep = '&nbsp;', y = 'year', m = 'month', w = 'week', d = 'day', H = 'hour', M = 'minute', S = 'second', }, abbr_on = { y = 'y', m = 'm', w = 'w', d = 'd', H = 'h', M = 'm', S = 's', }, abbr_infant = { -- for {{age for infant}} plural = 's', sep = '&nbsp;', y = 'yr', m = 'mo', w = 'wk', d = 'day', H = 'hr', M = 'min', S = 'sec', }, abbr_raw = {}, } local diff = parms.diff -- must be a valid date difference local show = parms.show -- may be nil; default is set below local abbr = parms.abbr or 'abbr_off' local defaultJoin if abbr ~= 'abbr_off' then defaultJoin = 'sep_space' end if not show then show = 'ymd' if parms.disp == 'disp_age' then if diff.years < 3 then defaultJoin = 'sep_space' if diff.years >= 1 then show = 'ym' else show = 'md' end else show = 'y' end end end if type(show) ~= 'table' then show = translateParameters.show[show] end if parms.disp == 'disp_raw' then defaultJoin = 'sep_space' abbr = 'abbr_raw' elseif parms.wantSc then defaultJoin = 'sep_serialcomma' end local diffOptions = { round = parms.round, duration = parms.wantDuration, range = parms.range and true or nil, } local sortKey if parms.sortable then local value = diff.age_days + (parms.wantDuration and 1 or 0) -- days and fraction of a day if diff.isnegative then value = -value end sortKey = makeSort(value, parms.sortable) end local textOptions = { extra = parms.extra, format = parms.format, join = parms.sep or defaultJoin, isnegative = diff.isnegative, range = parms.range, sortKey = sortKey, spell = parms.spell, suffix = parms.suffix, -- not currently used } if show.id == 'hide' then return sortKey or '' end local values = { diff:age(show.id, diffOptions) } if values[1] then return makeText(values, show, names[abbr], textOptions) end if diff.partial then -- Handle a more complex range such as -- {{age_yd|20 Dec 2001|2003|range=yes}} → 1 year, 12 days or 2 years, 11 days local opt = { format = textOptions.format, join = textOptions.join, isnegative = textOptions.isnegative, spell = textOptions.spell, } return (textOptions.sortKey or '') .. makeText({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(show.id, diffOptions) }, show, names[abbr], opt) .. rangeJoin(textOptions.range) .. makeText({ diff.partial.maxdiff:age(show.id, diffOptions) }, show, names[abbr], opt, true) .. (textOptions.suffix or '') end return message({ 'mt-bad-show', show.id }) end local function getDates(frame, getopt) -- Parse template parameters and return one of: -- * date (a date table, if single) -- * date1, date2 (two date tables, if not single) -- * text (a string error message) -- A missing date is optionally replaced with the current date. -- If wantMixture is true, a missing date component is replaced -- from the current date, so can get a bizarre mixture of -- specified/current y/m/d as has been done by some "age" templates. -- Some results may be placed in table getopt. local Date, currentDate = getExports(frame) getopt = getopt or {} local function flagCurrent(text) -- This allows the calling template to detect if the current date has been used, -- that is, whether both dates have been entered in a template expecting two. -- For example, an infobox may want the age when an event occurred, not the current age. -- Don't bother detecting if wantMixture is used because not needed and it is a poor option. if not text then if getopt.noMissing then return nil -- this gives a nil date which gives an error end text = 'currentdate' if getopt.flag == 'usesCurrent' then getopt.usesCurrent = true end end return text end local args = frame:getParent().args local fields = {} local isNamed = args.year or args.year1 or args.year2 or args.month or args.month1 or args.month2 or args.day or args.day1 or args.day2 if isNamed then fields[1] = args.year1 or args.year fields[2] = args.month1 or args.month fields[3] = args.day1 or args.day fields[4] = args.year2 fields[5] = args.month2 fields[6] = args.day2 else for i = 1, 6 do fields[i] = args[i] end end local imax = 0 for i = 1, 6 do fields[i] = stripToNil(fields[i]) if fields[i] then imax = i end if getopt.omitZero and i % 3 ~= 1 then -- omit zero months and days as unknown values but keep year 0 which is 1 BCE if isZero(fields[i]) then fields[i] = nil getopt.partial = true end end end local fix = getopt.fix and 'fix' or '' local partialText = getopt.partial and 'partial' or '' local dates = {} if isNamed or imax >= 3 then local nrDates = getopt.single and 1 or 2 if getopt.wantMixture then -- Cannot be partial since empty fields are set from current. local components = { 'year', 'month', 'day' } for i = 1, nrDates * 3 do fields[i] = fields[i] or currentDate[components[i > 3 and i - 3 or i]] end for i = 1, nrDates do local index = i == 1 and 1 or 4 local y, m, d = fields[index], fields[index+1], fields[index+2] if (m == 2 or m == '2') and (d == 29 or d == '29') then -- Workaround error with following which attempt to use invalid date 2001-02-29. -- {{age_ymwd|year1=2001|year2=2004|month2=2|day2=29}} -- {{age_ymwd|year1=2001|month1=2|year2=2004|month2=1|day2=29}} -- TODO Get rid of wantMixture because even this ugly code does not handle -- 'Feb' or 'February' or 'feb' or 'february'. if not ((y % 4 == 0 and y % 100 ~= 0) or y % 400 == 0) then d = 28 end end dates[i] = Date(y, m, d) end else -- If partial dates are allowed, accept -- year only, or -- year and month only -- Do not accept year and day without a month because that makes no sense -- (and because, for example, Date('partial', 2001, nil, 12) sets day = nil, not 12). for i = 1, nrDates do local index = i == 1 and 1 or 4 local y, m, d = fields[index], fields[index+1], fields[index+2] if (getopt.partial and y and (m or not d)) or (y and m and d) then dates[i] = Date(fix, partialText, y, m, d) elseif not y and not m and not d then dates[i] = Date(flagCurrent()) end end end else getopt.textdates = true -- have parsed each date from a single text field dates[1] = Date(fix, partialText, flagCurrent(fields[1])) if not getopt.single then dates[2] = Date(fix, partialText, flagCurrent(fields[2])) end end if not dates[1] then return message(getopt.missing1 or 'mt-need-valid-ymd') end if getopt.single then return dates[1] end if not dates[2] then return message(getopt.missing2 or 'mt-need-valid-ymd2') end return dates[1], dates[2] end local function ageGeneric(frame) -- Return the result required by the specified template. -- Can use sortable=x where x = on/table/off/debug in any supported template. -- Some templates default to sortable=on but can be overridden. local name = frame.args.template if not name then return message('mt-template-x') end local args = frame:getParent().args local specs = { age_days = { -- {{age in days}} show = 'd', disp = 'disp_raw', }, age_days_nts = { -- {{age in days nts}} show = 'd', disp = 'disp_raw', format = 'format_commas', sortable = 'on', }, duration_days = { -- {{duration in days}} show = 'd', disp = 'disp_raw', duration = true, }, duration_days_nts = { -- {{duration in days nts}} show = 'd', disp = 'disp_raw', format = 'format_commas', sortable = 'on', duration = true, }, age_full_years = { -- {{age}} show = 'y', abbr = 'abbr_raw', flag = 'usesCurrent', omitZero = true, range = 'no', }, age_full_years_nts = { -- {{age nts}} show = 'y', abbr = 'abbr_raw', format = 'format_commas', sortable = 'on', }, age_in_years = { -- {{age in years}} show = 'y', abbr = 'abbr_raw', negative = 'error', range = 'dash', }, age_in_years_nts = { -- {{age in years nts}} show = 'y', abbr = 'abbr_raw', negative = 'error', range = 'dash', format = 'format_commas', sortable = 'on', }, age_infant = { -- {{age for infant}} -- Do not set show because special processing is done later. abbr = yes(args.abbr) and 'abbr_infant' or 'abbr_off', disp = 'disp_age', sep = 'sep_space', sortable = 'on', }, age_m = { -- {{age in months}} show = 'm', disp = 'disp_raw', }, age_w = { -- {{age in weeks}} show = 'w', disp = 'disp_raw', }, age_wd = { -- {{age in weeks and days}} show = 'wd', }, age_yd = { -- {{age in years and days}} show = 'yd', format = 'format_commas', sep = args.sep ~= 'and' and 'sep_comma' or nil, }, age_yd_nts = { -- {{age in years and days nts}} show = 'yd', format = 'format_commas', sep = args.sep ~= 'and' and 'sep_comma' or nil, sortable = 'on', }, age_ym = { -- {{age in years and months}} show = 'ym', sep = 'sep_comma', }, age_ymd = { -- {{age in years, months and days}} show = 'ymd', range = true, }, age_ymwd = { -- {{age in years, months, weeks and days}} show = 'ymwd', wantMixture = true, }, } local spec = specs[name] if not spec then return message('mt-template-bad-name') end if name == 'age_days' then local su = stripToNil(args['show unit']) if su then if su == 'abbr' or su == 'full' then spec.disp = nil spec.abbr = su == 'abbr' and 'abbr_on' or nil end end end local partial, autofill local range = stripToNil(args.range) or spec.range if range then -- Suppose partial dates are used and age could be 11 or 12 years. -- "|range=" (empty value) has no effect (spec is used). -- "|range=yes" or spec.range == true sets range = true (gives "11 or 12") -- "|range=dash" or spec.range == 'dash' sets range = 'dash' (gives "11–12"). -- "|range=no" or spec.range == 'no' sets range = nil and fills each date in the diff (gives "12"). -- ("on" is equivalent to "yes", and "off" is equivalent to "no"). -- "|range=OTHER" sets range = nil and rejects partial dates. range = ({ dash = 'dash', off = 'no', no = 'no', [true] = true })[range] or yes(range) if range then partial = true -- accept partial dates with a possible age range for the result if range == 'no' then autofill = true -- missing month/day in first or second date are filled from other date or 1 range = nil end end end local getopt = { fix = yes(args.fix), flag = stripToNil(args.flag) or spec.flag, omitZero = spec.omitZero, partial = partial, wantMixture = spec.wantMixture, } local date1, date2 = getDates(frame, getopt) if type(date1) == 'string' then return date1 end local format = stripToNil(args.format) local spell = spellOptions[format] if format then format = 'format_' .. format elseif name == 'age_days' and getopt.textdates then format = 'format_commas' end local parms = { diff = date2:subtract(date1, { fill = autofill }), wantDuration = spec.duration or yes(args.duration), range = range, wantSc = yes(args.sc), show = args.show == 'hide' and 'hide' or spec.show, abbr = spec.abbr, disp = spec.disp, extra = makeExtra(args, getopt.usesCurrent and format ~= 'format_raw'), format = format or spec.format, round = yes(args.round), sep = spec.sep, sortable = translateParameters.sortable[args.sortable or spec.sortable], spell = spell, } if (spec.negative or frame.args.negative) == 'error' and parms.diff.isnegative then return message('mt-date-wrong-order') end return from_en(dateDifference(parms)) end local function bda(frame) -- Implement [[Template:Birth date and age]]. local args = frame:getParent().args local options = { missing1 = 'mt-need-valid-bd', noMissing = true, single = true, } local date = getDates(frame, options) if type(date) == 'string' then return date -- error text end local Date = getExports(frame) local diff = Date('currentdate') - date if diff.isnegative or diff.years > 150 then return message('mt-invalid-bd-age') end local disp, show = 'disp_raw', 'y' if diff.years < 2 then disp = 'disp_age' if diff.years == 0 and diff.months == 0 then show = 'd' else show = 'm' end end local df = stripToNil(args.df) -- day first (dmy); default is month first (mdy) local result = '(<span class="bday">%-Y-%m-%d</span>) </span>' .. (df and '%-d %B %-Y' or '%B %-d, %-Y') result = from_en('<span style="display:none"> ' .. date:text(result) .. '<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> ' .. mtext['txt-age'] .. dateDifference({ diff = diff, show = show, abbr = 'abbr_off', disp = disp, sep = 'sep_space', }) .. ')</span>') local warnings = tonumber(frame.args.warnings) if warnings and warnings > 0 then local good = { df = true, mf = true, day = true, day1 = true, month = true, month1 = true, year = true, year1 = true, } local invalid local imax = options.textdates and 1 or 3 for k, _ in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then if k > imax then invalid = tostring(k) break end else if not good[k] then invalid = k break end end end if invalid then result = result .. message({ 'mt-bad-param1', invalid }, 'warning') end end return result end local function dda(frame) -- Implement [[Template:Death date and age]]. local args = frame:getParent().args local options = { missing1 = 'mt-need-valid-dd', missing2 = 'mt-need-valid-bd2', noMissing = true, partial = true, } local date1, date2 = getDates(frame, options) if type(date1) == 'string' then return date1 end local diff = date1 - date2 if diff.isnegative then return message('mt-dd-wrong-order') end local Date = getExports(frame) local today = Date('currentdate') + 1 -- one day in future allows for timezones if date1 > today then return message('mt-dd-future') end local years if diff.partial then years = diff.partial.years years = type(years) == 'table' and years[2] or years else years = diff.years end if years > 150 then return message('mt-invalid-dates-age') end local df = stripToNil(args.df) -- day first (dmy); default is month first (mdy) local result if date1.day then -- y, m, d known result = (df and '%-d %B %-Y' or '%B %-d, %-Y') .. '<span style="display:none">(%-Y-%m-%d)</span>' elseif date1.month then -- y, m known; d unknown result = '%B %-Y' .. '<span style="display:none">(%-Y-%m-00)</span>' else -- y known; m, d unknown result = '%-Y' .. '<span style="display:none">(%-Y-00-00)</span>' end result = from_en(date1:text(result) .. mtext['txt-aged'] .. dateDifference({ diff = diff, show = 'y', abbr = 'abbr_off', disp = 'disp_raw', range = 'dash', sep = 'sep_space', }) .. ')') local warnings = tonumber(frame.args.warnings) if warnings and warnings > 0 then local good = { df = true, mf = true, } local invalid local imax = options.textdates and 2 or 6 for k, _ in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then if k > imax then invalid = tostring(k) break end else if not good[k] then invalid = k break end end end if invalid then result = result .. message({ 'mt-bad-param1', invalid }, 'warning') end end return result end local function dateToGsd(frame) -- Implement [[Template:Gregorian serial date]]. -- Return Gregorian serial date of the given date, or the current date. -- The returned value is negative for dates before 1 January 1 AD -- despite the fact that GSD is not defined for such dates. local date = getDates(frame, { wantMixture=true, single=true }) if type(date) == 'string' then return date end return tostring(date.gsd) end local function jdToDate(frame) -- Return formatted date from a Julian date. -- The result includes a time if the input includes a fraction. -- The word 'Julian' is accepted for the Julian calendar. local Date = getExports(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local date = Date('juliandate', args[1], args[2]) if date then return from_en(date:text()) end return message('mt-need-jdn') end local function dateToJd(frame) -- Return Julian date (a number) from a date which may include a time, -- or the current date ('currentdate') or current date and time ('currentdatetime'). -- The word 'Julian' is accepted for the Julian calendar. local Date = getExports(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local date = Date(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6], args[7]) if date then return tostring(date.jd) end return message('mt-need-valid-ymd-current') end local function timeInterval(frame) -- Implement [[Template:Time interval]]. -- There are two positional arguments: date1, date2. -- The default for each is the current date and time. -- Result is date2 - date1 formatted. local Date = getExports(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local parms = { extra = makeExtra(args), wantDuration = yes(args.duration), range = yes(args.range) or (args.range == 'dash' and 'dash' or nil), wantSc = yes(args.sc), } local fix = yes(args.fix) and 'fix' or '' local date1 = Date(fix, 'partial', stripToNil(args[1]) or 'currentdatetime') if not date1 then return message('mt-invalid-start') end local date2 = Date(fix, 'partial', stripToNil(args[2]) or 'currentdatetime') if not date2 then return message('mt-invalid-end') end parms.diff = date2 - date1 for argname, translate in pairs(translateParameters) do local parm = stripToNil(args[argname]) if parm then parm = translate[parm] if parm == nil then -- test for nil because false is a valid setting return message({ 'mt-bad-param2', argname, args[argname] }) end parms[argname] = parm end end if parms.round then local round = parms.round local show = parms.show if round ~= 'on' then if show then if show.id ~= round then return message({ 'mt-conflicting-show', args.show, args.round }) end else parms.show = translateParameters.show[round] end end parms.round = true end return from_en(dateDifference(parms)) end return { age_generic = ageGeneric, -- can emulate several age templates birth_date_and_age = bda, -- Template:Birth_date_and_age death_date_and_age = dda, -- Template:Death_date_and_age gsd = dateToGsd, -- Template:Gregorian_serial_date extract = dateExtract, -- Template:Extract jd_to_date = jdToDate, -- Template:? JULIANDAY = dateToJd, -- Template:JULIANDAY time_interval = timeInterval, -- Template:Time_interval } 5hb8bp17m7vefwt5m6z01otuxk0k6wa 10 8770 75067 2021-02-19T03:42:50Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<noinclude> ==Usage== <pre> {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type}} {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type|color=Color}} {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type|de..." wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> ==Usage== <pre> {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type}} {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type|color=Color}} {{Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type|description=Description}} </pre> ==Example== {{infobox musical artist/doc/type|color=Color|description=Description}} </noinclude><includeonly><table class="wikitable"> <th>Code</th>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <th>{{{color}}}</th>}} <th>Display</th> </tr> <tr> <td>solo_singer</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|solo_singer}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|solo_singer}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td>non_vocal_instrumentalist</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|non_vocal_instrumentalist}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|non_vocal_instrumentalist}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td>non_performing_personnel</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|non_performing_personnel}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|non_performing_personnel}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td>group_or_band</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|group_or_band}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|group_or_band}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td>classical_ensemble</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|classical_ensemble}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|classical_ensemble}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td>temporary</td>{{#if:{{{color|}}}| <td>{{Infobox musical artist/color|temporary}}</td>}} <td style="padding:0"><table class="infobox" style="border:0;margin:0;width:23em;font-size:90%"><tr><th style="border:0;padding:0;background:{{Infobox musical artist/color|temporary}}">Background information</th></tr></table></td> </tr> </table>{{#if:{{{description|}}}| ;<code>solo_singer</code> :Singular vocal performers (including lead and background singers, singer-songwriters, and singer-instrumentalists). This categorization is for any article about a singer, whether they perform solo, with a group or band, or both. ;<code>non_vocal_instrumentalist</code> :Non-vocal instrumentalists. ;<code>non_performing_personnel</code> :Composers, producers, songwriters, arrangers, DJs, engineers, and other non-performing personnel. ;<code>group_or_band</code> :Groups, bands, crews, or other non-classical music ensembles. This categorization is for articles on group acts only; members of groups should be labeled with one of the codes above. ;<code>classical_ensemble</code> :Orchestras and other classical music ensembles. ;<code>temporary</code> :Temporary collaborative projects. }}</includeonly> az60slezefh8u6vhi0gyemfqo529hje 10 8771 75068 2021-02-19T03:45:15Z Wizboyll51 9556 Redirected page to [[Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox musical artist/doc/type]] 15xxs5oc7kdj40gc3wtnkqfq627fpsv 10 8772 75070 2021-02-19T03:52:34Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} | solo_singer = &#35;f0e68c <!-- khaki --> | non_vocal_instrumentalist = &#35;f4bf92 <!-- unnamed pale orange --> | non_performi..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch: {{{1|}}} | solo_singer = &#35;f0e68c <!-- khaki --> | non_vocal_instrumentalist = &#35;f4bf92 <!-- unnamed pale orange --> | non_performing_personnel = &#35;bfe0bf <!-- unnamed pale green --> | group_or_band = &#35;b0c4de <!-- lightsteelblue --> | classical_ensemble = &#35;b0e0e6 <!-- PowderBlue --> | temporary = &#35;d3d3d3 <!-- LightGrey --> | &#35;b0c4de }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fkgo1sflu6246ilxwi665qyomliuvtt 10 8773 75072 2021-02-19T03:55:53Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{#invoke:Infobox/sandbox|infobox}}<includeonly>{{template other|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Infobox||{{#ifeq:{{str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|7}}|Infobox|Category:Infobox templates|{{re..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Infobox/sandbox|infobox}}<includeonly>{{template other|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Infobox||{{#ifeq:{{str left|{{SUBPAGENAME}}|7}}|Infobox|[[Category:Infobox templates|{{remove first word|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}]]}}}}|}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 9so0w7i75vop7j5ob4gnbyvzu86jvfl 10 8774 75073 2021-02-19T03:56:45Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{#invoke:Distinguish|distinguish}}<noinclude><!-- splitting these lines causes {{Documentation}} template to terminate green shading when Distinguish is used in /doc pages. -..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Distinguish|distinguish}}<noinclude><!-- splitting these lines causes {{Documentation}} template to terminate green shading when Distinguish is used in /doc pages. --> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis to Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> t4az5q8zekjr0kpgvlz6fgo7i77psk8 828 8775 75074 2021-02-19T03:58:14Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools --initialize lazily local lib..." Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools --initialize lazily local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} function p.distinguish(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) local selfref = args.selfref local text = args.text args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) return p._distinguish(args, text, selfref) end function p._distinguish(args, text, selfref) checkType("_distinguish", 1, args, 'table') if #args == 0 and not text then return '' end local text = string.format( 'Not to be confused with %s.', text or mHatlist.orList(args, true) ) hnOptions = {selfref = selfref} return mHatnote._hatnote(text, hnOptions) end return p 0e9s40s10w9aih1qwh96v3jypzotm48 828 8776 75075 2021-02-19T03:58:51Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Module rating|protected}} Implements {{tl..." wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Module rating|protected}} Implements {{tl|distinguish}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules]] }}</includeonly> 95go8n3g55du18zxk66yij7i3mgbkhz 10 8777 75076 2021-02-19T03:59:38Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<includeonly>{{Module other|{{ombox | type = notice | image = {{#switch: {{{1|}}} | pre-alpha | prealpha | pa = File:Ambox warning blue construction.svg|40x40p..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Module other|{{ombox | type = notice | image = {{#switch: {{{1|}}} | pre-alpha | prealpha | pa = [[File:Ambox warning blue construction.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=Pre-alpha]] | alpha | a = [[File:Alpha lowercase.svg|26x26px|link=|alt=Alpha]] | beta | b = [[File:Greek lc beta.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=Beta]] | release | r | general | g = [[File:Green check.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=Ready for use]] | protected | protect | p = [[File:{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}|autoconfirmed=Semi|extendedconfirmed=Extended|accountcreator|templateeditor=Template|#default=Full}}-protection-shackle.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=Protected]] | semiprotected | semiprotect | semi =[[File:Semi-protection-shackle.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=Semi-protected]] }} | style = | textstyle = | text = {{#switch: {{{1|}}} | pre-alpha | prealpha | pa = This module is rated as [[:Category:Modules in pre-alpha development|pre-alpha]]. It is unfinished, and may or may not be in active development. It should not be used from article namespace pages. Modules remain pre-alpha until the original editor (or someone who takes one over if it is abandoned for some time) is satisfied with the basic structure.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules in pre-alpha development|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | alpha | a = This module is rated as [[:Category:Modules in alpha|alpha]]. It is ready for third-party input, and may be used on a few pages to see if problems arise, but should be watched. Suggestions for new features or changes in their input and output mechanisms are welcome.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules in alpha|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | beta | b = This module is rated as [[:Category:Modules in beta|beta]], and is ready for widespread use. It is still new and should be used with some caution to ensure the results are as expected.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules in beta|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | release | r | general | g = This module is rated as [[:Category:Modules for general use|ready for general use]]. It has reached a mature form and is thought to be relatively bug-free and ready for use wherever appropriate. It is ready to mention on help pages and other Wikipedia resources as an option for new users to learn. To reduce server load and bad output, it should be improved by [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases|sandbox testing]] rather than repeated trial-and-error editing.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules for general use|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | protected | protect | p = This module is [[:Category:Modules subject to page protection|subject to page protection]]. It is a [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|highly visible module]] in use by a very large number of pages, or is [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] from editing.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules subject to page protection|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | semiprotected | semiprotect | semi = This module is [[:Category:Modules subject to page protection|subject to page protection]]. It is a [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|highly visible module]] in use by a very large number of pages, or is [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is [[WP:SEMI|semi-protected]] from editing.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Modules subject to page protection|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | #default = {{error|Module rating is invalid or not specified.}} }} }}|{{error|Error: {{tl|Module rating}} must be placed in the Module namespace.}} [[Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]]|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>module</noinclude>}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{module rating|release|nocat=true|demospace=module}} {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> t7gpcv9ed97lbox3pl0w6wofzwc62uu 10 8778 75077 2021-02-19T04:00:21Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{#invoke:Message box|ombox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude>" wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Message box|ombox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 1o93yrjvq6v2ylug2k0uaaltljurje2 828 8779 75078 2021-02-19T04:02:13Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "-- -- This module implements {{Infobox}} -- local p = {} local args = {} local origArgs = {} local root local empty_row_categories = {} local category_in_empty_row_pattern =..." Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{Infobox}} -- local p = {} local args = {} local origArgs = {} local root local empty_row_categories = {} local category_in_empty_row_pattern = '%[%[%s*[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]%s*:[^]]*]]' local function notempty( s ) return s and s:match( '%S' ) end local function fixChildBoxes(sval, tt) if notempty(sval) then local marker = '<span class=special_infobox_marker>' local s = sval s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(<%s*[Tt][Rr])', marker .. '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Tt][Rr]%s*>)', '%1' .. marker) if s:match(marker) then s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*' .. marker, '') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]|-[^\r\n]*[\r\n])%s*' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '%s*([\r\n]|-)', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(</[Cc][Aa][Pp][Tt][Ii][Oo][Nn]%s*>%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(<%s*[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee][^<>]*>%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^(%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n]%{|[^\r\n]*[\r\n]%s*)' .. marker, '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '(%s*</[Tt][Aa][Bb][Ll][Ee]%s*>)', '%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, marker .. '(%s*\n|%})', '%1') end if s:match(marker) then local subcells = mw.text.split(s, marker) s = '' for k = 1, #subcells do if k == 1 then s = s .. subcells[k] .. '</' .. tt .. '></tr>' elseif k == #subcells then local rowstyle = ' style="display:none"' if notempty(subcells[k]) then rowstyle = '' end s = s .. '<tr' .. rowstyle ..'><' .. tt .. ' colspan=2>\n' .. subcells[k] elseif notempty(subcells[k]) then if (k % 2) == 0 then s = s .. subcells[k] else s = s .. '<tr><' .. tt .. ' colspan=2>\n' .. subcells[k] .. '</' .. tt .. '></tr>' end end end end -- the next two lines add a newline at the end of lists for the PHP parser -- https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_musical_artist&oldid=849054481 -- remove when [[:phab:T191516]] is fixed or OBE s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '([\r\n][%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%*#;:][^\r\n]*)$', '%1\n') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^([%*#;:])', '\n%1') s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '^(%{%|)', '\n%1') return s else return sval end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of the values of two tables, as a sequence. local vals = {} for k, v in pairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for k, v in pairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end return ret end local function getArgNums(prefix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix. For example, if the prefix was 'data', and -- 'data1', 'data2', and 'data5' exist, it would return {1, 2, 5}. local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match('^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end local function addRow(rowArgs) -- Adds a row to the infobox, with either a header cell -- or a label/data cell combination. if rowArgs.header and rowArgs.header ~= '_BLANK_' then root :tag('tr') :addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) :cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle) :attr('id', rowArgs.rowid) :tag('th') :attr('colspan', 2) :attr('id', rowArgs.headerid) :addClass('infobox-header') :addClass(rowArgs.class) :addClass(args.headerclass) :cssText(args.headerstyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.header, 'th')) if rowArgs.data then root:wikitext('[[Category:Pages which use infobox templates with ignored data cells]]') end elseif rowArgs.data and rowArgs.data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(rowArgs.rowclass) row:cssText(rowArgs.rowstyle) row:attr('id', rowArgs.rowid) if rowArgs.label then row :tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :attr('id', rowArgs.labelid) :addClass('infobox-label') :addClass(rowArgs.labelclass) :cssText(args.labelstyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(rowArgs.label) :done() end local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('id', rowArgs.dataid) :attr('colspan', not rowArgs.label and '2' or nil) :addClass(not rowArgs.label and 'infobox-full-data' or 'infobox-data') :addClass(rowArgs.class) :cssText(rowArgs.datastyle) :cssText(rowArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(rowArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, rowArgs.data or '') end end local function renderTitle() if not args.title then return end root :tag('caption') :addClass('infobox-title') :addClass(args.titleclass) :cssText(args.titlestyle) :wikitext(args.title) end local function renderAboveRow() if not args.above then return end root :tag('tr') :tag('th') :attr('colspan', 2) :addClass('infobox-above') :addClass(args.aboveclass) :cssText(args.abovestyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.above,'th')) end local function renderBelowRow() if not args.below then return end root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-below') :addClass(args.belowclass) :cssText(args.belowstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(args.below,'td')) end local function addSubheaderRow(subheaderArgs) if subheaderArgs.data and subheaderArgs.data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(subheaderArgs.rowclass) local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-subheader') :addClass(subheaderArgs.class) :cssText(subheaderArgs.datastyle) :cssText(subheaderArgs.rowcellstyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(subheaderArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, subheaderArgs.data or '') end end local function renderSubheaders() if args.subheader then args.subheader1 = args.subheader end if args.subheaderrowclass then args.subheaderrowclass1 = args.subheaderrowclass end local subheadernums = getArgNums('subheader') for k, num in ipairs(subheadernums) do addSubheaderRow({ data = args['subheader' .. tostring(num)], datastyle = args.subheaderstyle, rowcellstyle = args['subheaderstyle' .. tostring(num)], class = args.subheaderclass, rowclass = args['subheaderrowclass' .. tostring(num)] }) end end local function addImageRow(imageArgs) if imageArgs.data and imageArgs.data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then local row = root:tag('tr') row:addClass(imageArgs.rowclass) local dataCell = row:tag('td') dataCell :attr('colspan', 2) :addClass('infobox-image') :addClass(imageArgs.class) :cssText(imageArgs.datastyle) :wikitext(fixChildBoxes(imageArgs.data, 'td')) else table.insert(empty_row_categories, imageArgs.data or '') end end local function renderImages() if args.image then args.image1 = args.image end if args.caption then args.caption1 = args.caption end local imagenums = getArgNums('image') for k, num in ipairs(imagenums) do local caption = args['caption' .. tostring(num)] local data = mw.html.create():wikitext(args['image' .. tostring(num)]) if caption then data :tag('div') :addClass('infobox-caption') :cssText(args.captionstyle) :wikitext(caption) end addImageRow({ data = tostring(data), datastyle = args.imagestyle, class = args.imageclass, rowclass = args['imagerowclass' .. tostring(num)] }) end end local function preprocessRows() -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers, -- and renders them all in order using addRow. local rownums = union(getArgNums('header'), getArgNums('data')) table.sort(rownums) local lastheader for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do if args['header' .. tostring(num)] then if lastheader then args['header' .. tostring(lastheader)] = nil end lastheader = num elseif args['data' .. tostring(num)] and args['data' .. tostring(num)]:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('^%S') then local data = args['data' .. tostring(num)] if data:gsub(category_in_empty_row_pattern, ''):match('%S') then lastheader = nil end end end if lastheader then args['header' .. tostring(lastheader)] = nil end end local function renderRows() -- Gets the union of the header and data argument numbers, -- and renders them all in order using addRow. local rownums = union(getArgNums('header'), getArgNums('data')) table.sort(rownums) for k, num in ipairs(rownums) do addRow({ header = args['header' .. tostring(num)], label = args['label' .. tostring(num)], labelclass = args['labelclass' .. tostring(num)], data = args['data' .. tostring(num)], datastyle = args.datastyle, class = args['class' .. tostring(num)], rowclass = args['rowclass' .. tostring(num)], rowstyle = args['rowstyle' .. tostring(num)], rowcellstyle = args['rowcellstyle' .. tostring(num)], dataid = args['dataid' .. tostring(num)], labelid = args['labelid' .. tostring(num)], headerid = args['headerid' .. tostring(num)], rowid = args['rowid' .. tostring(num)] }) end end local function renderNavBar() if not args.name then return end root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', '2') :addClass('infobox-navbar') :wikitext(require('Module:Navbar')._navbar{ args.name, mini = 1, }) end local function renderItalicTitle() local italicTitle = args['italic title'] and mw.ustring.lower(args['italic title']) if italicTitle == '' or italicTitle == 'force' or italicTitle == 'yes' then root:wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({title = 'italic title'})) end end local function renderEmptyRowCategories() for _, s in ipairs(empty_row_categories) do root:wikitext(s) end end local function renderTrackingCategories() if args.decat == 'yes' then return end if args.child == 'yes' then if args.title then root:wikitext('[[Category:Pages which use embedded infobox templates with the title parameter]]') end elseif #(getArgNums('data')) == 0 and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then root:wikitext('[[Category:Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows]]') end end --[=[ Loads the templatestyles for the infobox. TODO: load base templatestyles here rather than in MediaWiki:Common.css We aren't doing it here yet because there are 4-5000 pages with 'raw' infobox tables. See [[Mediawiki_talk:Common.css/to_do#Infobox]] and/or come help :). When we do this we should clean up the inline CSS below too. Will have to do some bizarre conversion category like with sidebar. ]=] local function loadTemplateStyles() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- See function description -- local base_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ -- name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = cfg.i18n.templatestyles } -- } local templatestyles = '' if args['templatestyles'] then templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['templatestyles'] } } end local child_templatestyles = '' if args['child templatestyles'] then child_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['child templatestyles'] } } end local grandchild_templatestyles = '' if args['grandchild templatestyles'] then grandchild_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['grandchild templatestyles'] } } end return table.concat({ -- base_templatestyles, -- see function description templatestyles, child_templatestyles, grandchild_templatestyles }) end local function _infobox() -- Specify the overall layout of the infobox, with special settings -- if the infobox is used as a 'child' inside another infobox. if args.child ~= 'yes' then root = mw.html.create('table') root :addClass(args.subbox == 'yes' and 'infobox-subbox' or 'infobox') :addClass(args.bodyclass) :cssText(args.bodystyle) renderTitle() renderAboveRow() else root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(args.title) end renderSubheaders() renderImages() if args.autoheaders then preprocessRows() end renderRows() renderBelowRow() renderNavBar() renderItalicTitle() renderTrackingCategories() renderEmptyRowCategories() return loadTemplateStyles() .. tostring(root) end local function preprocessSingleArg(argName) -- If the argument exists and isn't blank, add it to the argument table. -- Blank arguments are treated as nil to match the behaviour of ParserFunctions. if origArgs[argName] and origArgs[argName] ~= '' then args[argName] = origArgs[argName] end end local function preprocessArgs(prefixTable, step) -- Assign the parameters with the given prefixes to the args table, in order, in batches -- of the step size specified. This is to prevent references etc. from appearing in the -- wrong order. The prefixTable should be an array containing tables, each of which has -- two possible fields, a "prefix" string and a "depend" table. The function always parses -- parameters containing the "prefix" string, but only parses parameters in the "depend" -- table if the prefix parameter is present and non-blank. if type(prefixTable) ~= 'table' then error("Non-table value detected for the prefix table", 2) end if type(step) ~= 'number' then error("Invalid step value detected", 2) end -- Get arguments without a number suffix, and check for bad input. for i,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do if type(v) ~= 'table' or type(v.prefix) ~= "string" or (v.depend and type(v.depend) ~= 'table') then error('Invalid input detected to preprocessArgs prefix table', 2) end preprocessSingleArg(v.prefix) -- Only parse the depend parameter if the prefix parameter is present and not blank. if args[v.prefix] and v.depend then for j, dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do if type(dependValue) ~= 'string' then error('Invalid "depend" parameter value detected in preprocessArgs') end preprocessSingleArg(dependValue) end end end -- Get arguments with number suffixes. local a = 1 -- Counter variable. local moreArgumentsExist = true while moreArgumentsExist == true do moreArgumentsExist = false for i = a, a + step - 1 do for j,v in ipairs(prefixTable) do local prefixArgName = v.prefix .. tostring(i) if origArgs[prefixArgName] then moreArgumentsExist = true -- Do another loop if any arguments are found, even blank ones. preprocessSingleArg(prefixArgName) end -- Process the depend table if the prefix argument is present and not blank, or -- we are processing "prefix1" and "prefix" is present and not blank, and -- if the depend table is present. if v.depend and (args[prefixArgName] or (i == 1 and args[v.prefix])) then for j,dependValue in ipairs(v.depend) do local dependArgName = dependValue .. tostring(i) preprocessSingleArg(dependArgName) end end end end a = a + step end end local function parseDataParameters() -- Parse the data parameters in the same order that the old {{infobox}} did, so that -- references etc. will display in the expected places. Parameters that depend on -- another parameter are only processed if that parameter is present, to avoid -- phantom references appearing in article reference lists. preprocessSingleArg('autoheaders') preprocessSingleArg('child') preprocessSingleArg('bodyclass') preprocessSingleArg('subbox') preprocessSingleArg('bodystyle') preprocessSingleArg('title') preprocessSingleArg('titleclass') preprocessSingleArg('titlestyle') preprocessSingleArg('above') preprocessSingleArg('aboveclass') preprocessSingleArg('abovestyle') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'subheader', depend = {'subheaderstyle', 'subheaderrowclass'}} }, 10) preprocessSingleArg('subheaderstyle') preprocessSingleArg('subheaderclass') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'image', depend = {'caption', 'imagerowclass'}} }, 10) preprocessSingleArg('captionstyle') preprocessSingleArg('imagestyle') preprocessSingleArg('imageclass') preprocessArgs({ {prefix = 'header'}, {prefix = 'data', depend = {'label'}}, {prefix = 'rowclass'}, {prefix = 'rowstyle'}, {prefix = 'rowcellstyle'}, {prefix = 'class'}, {prefix = 'dataid'}, {prefix = 'labelid'}, {prefix = 'headerid'}, {prefix = 'rowid'} }, 50) preprocessSingleArg('headerclass') preprocessSingleArg('headerstyle') preprocessSingleArg('labelstyle') preprocessSingleArg('datastyle') preprocessSingleArg('below') preprocessSingleArg('belowclass') preprocessSingleArg('belowstyle') preprocessSingleArg('name') args['italic title'] = origArgs['italic title'] -- different behaviour if blank or absent preprocessSingleArg('decat') preprocessSingleArg('templatestyles') preprocessSingleArg('child templatestyles') preprocessSingleArg('grandchild templatestyles') end function p.infobox(frame) -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args else origArgs = frame end parseDataParameters() return _infobox() end function p.infoboxTemplate(frame) -- For calling via #invoke within a template origArgs = {} for k,v in pairs(frame.args) do origArgs[k] = mw.text.trim(v) end parseDataParameters() return _infobox() end return p dk0e5h2qynpbvpzyi0tztknj3e9hdyc 10 8780 75079 2021-02-19T04:06:18Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard plainlist | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''Musical career'''}} | decat = yes <!-- r..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard plainlist | title = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes|'''Musical career'''}} | decat = yes <!-- remove from template:infobox tracking categories --> | abovestyle = background-color: {{Infobox musical artist/color|{{{Background|{{{background|}}}}}}}} | above = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{embed}}}}}|yes||{{#if:{{{Name|{{{name|}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{honorific_prefix|}}}|<div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 78%; font-weight: normal;">{{{honorific_prefix|}}}</div>}}<div style="display:inline;" class="{{Infobox musical artist/hCard class|{{{Background|{{{background|}}}}}}}}">{{{Name|{{{name}}}}}}</div>{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}}{{#if:{{{honorific_suffix|}}}|<div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 78%; font-weight: normal;">{{{honorific_suffix|}}}</div>}} |{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{Img|{{{image|}}}}}}|size={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{Landscape|{{{landscape|}}}}}}}}|yes|{{min|300|{{#if:{{#ifexpr:{{{Img_size|{{{image_size}}}}}}}}|300|{{{Img_size|{{{image_size}}}}}}}}}}x200px|{{{Img_size|{{{image_size|}}}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{Img_upright|{{{image_upright|1}}}}}}|title={{{Img_capt|{{{caption|}}}}}}|alt={{{Img_alt|{{{alt|}}}}}}|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | caption = {{{Img_capt|{{{caption|}}}}}} | headerstyle = background-color: {{Infobox musical artist/color|{{{Background|{{{background|}}}}}}}} | header1 = {{#if:{{{Img|{{{image|}}}}}}|Background information}} | class3 = nickname | label3 = {{Nowrap|Birth name}} | data3 = {{{Birth_name|{{{birth_name|}}}}}} | class4 = nickname | label4 = {{Nowrap|Also known as}} | data4 = {{{Alias|{{{alias|}}}}}} | label5 = Born | data5 = {{br separated entries|{{{birth_date|}}}|{{{birth_place|}}}}} | label6 = Origin | data6 = {{{Origin|{{{origin|}}}}}} | label7 = Died | data7 = {{br separated entries|{{{death_date|}}}|{{{death_place|}}}}} | label8 = Genres | data8 = {{#ifexist:Template:Infobox musical artist/genre/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|{{Infobox musical artist/genre/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|{{{Genre|{{{genre|}}}}}}}} | class9 = role | label9 = {{Nowrap|{{#if:{{{Occupations|{{{occupations|}}}}}}|Occupations|Occupation(s)}}}} | data9 = {{#if:{{{Occupations|{{{occupations|}}}}}}|{{{Occupations|{{{occupations|}}}}}}|{{{Occupation|{{{occupation|}}}}}}}} | class10 = note | label10 = Instruments | data10 = {{{Instrument|{{{instrument|{{{instruments|}}}}}}}}} | label11 = {{Nowrap|Years active}} | data11 = {{{Years_active|{{{years_active|{{{yearsactive|}}}}}}}}} | label12 = Labels | data12 = {{{Label|{{{label|}}}}}} | label13 = {{Nowrap|Associated acts}} | data13 = {{{Associated_acts|{{{associated_acts|}}}}}} | label14 = Website | data14 = {{{website|{{{URL|{{{url|}}}}}}}}} | header15 = {{#if:{{{Current_members|{{{current_members|}}}}}}|<nowiki />}} | label16 = Members | data16 = {{{Current_members|{{{current_members|}}}}}} | header17 = {{#if:{{{Past_members|{{{past_members|{{{Former_members|{{{former_members|}}}}}}}}}}}}|<nowiki />}} | label18 = {{Nowrap|Past members}} | data18 = {{{Past_members|{{{past_members|{{{Former_members|{{{former_members|}}}}}}}}}}}} | data21 = {{{module|}}} | data22 = {{{module2|}}} | data23 = {{{module3|}}} }}<includeonly>{{ns0|[[Category:Articles with hCards]]{{Infobox musical artist/tracking|{{{Background|{{{background|}}}}}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters | check | unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using Template:Infobox musical artist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}| preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox musical artist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | embed | Background | background | honorific_prefix | Name | name | honorific_suffix | Img | image | Landscape | landscape | Img_size | image_size | image_upright | Img_upright | Img_alt | alt | Img_capt | caption | native_name | native_name_lang | Birth_name | birth_name | Alias | alias | birth_date | birth_place | Origin | origin | death_date | death_place | Genre | genre | Occupations | occupations | Occupation | occupation | Instrument | instrument | instruments | Years_active | years_active | yearsactive | Label | label | Associated_acts | associated_acts | website | URL | url | Current_members | current_members | Past_members | past_members | Former_members | former_members | module | module2 | module3 }}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> 3hbs7j20xt73ieiwisjp2au29jv5eyg 10 8781 75080 2021-02-19T04:07:41Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{ombox|type=content|text=The design and content of biographical infoboxes must follow Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability policy]], as well as Wikipedia:Man..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox|type=content|text=The design and content of biographical infoboxes must follow Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability policy]], as well as [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infobox]] and [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies|biographical style guideline]]. All content displayed in this template must adhere to the '''[[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biographies of living persons]]''' policy if applicable. [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Unsourced or poorly sourced]] contentious material '''must be removed immediately''' from the article and its infobox, especially if potentially [[Wikipedia:Libel|libellous]].}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> jod8xgsivbjufzzca2z1az6kmt07fji 10 8782 75081 2021-02-19T04:09:00Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User||{{#ifexist:{{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}||{{db-g8}}}}}} {{#ifexpr:0<noinclude>1</noinclude>+{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|{{lc:{{{subpage-name|sandbox}}}}}..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User||{{#ifexist:{{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}||{{db-g8}}}}}} {{#ifexpr:0<noinclude>1</noinclude>+{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|{{lc:{{{subpage-name|sandbox}}}}} |1 |0 }} |{{ombox |image = [[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] |text = This is the [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases|template sandbox]] page for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[{{{1|}}}]]|[[:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#if:{{REVISIONID}} |&#32;([{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages | page1={{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{case preserving encode|{{{1|}}}}}|{{NAMESPACEE}}:{{BASEPAGENAMEE}}}}&page2={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} diff]) |<!-- hide when previewing --> }}.{{#ifexist:{{#rel2abs: ../{{{testcases-name|testcases}}}}} | <br /> See also the companion subpage for [[../{{{testcases-name|testcases}}}|test cases]]. }} }}{{{notice-for-sandbox|}}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|{{lc:{{{testcases-name|testcases}}}}} | <!-- testcases --> | <!-- not testcases -->{{{category|[[Category:Template sandboxes]]}}} }} | <!-- not sandbox -->{{{notice-not-sandbox|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata! --> </noinclude> 9kj3oijjdkevghtt22nxgp54z7dzcuk 828 8783 75088 75082 2021-02-19T04:16:10Z Wizboyll51 9556 Scribunto text/plain -- Load required modules local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily load things we don't always need local mShared, mappings local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function trimWhitespace(s, removeBlanks) if type(s) ~= 'string' then return s end s = s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if removeBlanks then if s ~= '' then return s else return nil end else return s end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- CategoryHandler class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local CategoryHandler = {} CategoryHandler.__index = CategoryHandler function CategoryHandler.new(data, args) local obj = setmetatable({ _data = data, _args = args }, CategoryHandler) -- Set the title object do local pagename = obj:parameter('demopage') local success, titleObj if pagename then success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, pagename) end if success and titleObj then obj.title = titleObj if titleObj == mw.title.getCurrentTitle() then obj._usesCurrentTitle = true end else obj.title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() obj._usesCurrentTitle = true end end -- Set suppression parameter values for _, key in ipairs{'nocat', 'categories'} do local value = obj:parameter(key) value = trimWhitespace(value, true) obj['_' .. key] = yesno(value) end do local subpage = obj:parameter('subpage') local category2 = obj:parameter('category2') if type(subpage) == 'string' then subpage = mw.ustring.lower(subpage) end if type(category2) == 'string' then subpage = mw.ustring.lower(category2) end obj._subpage = trimWhitespace(subpage, true) obj._category2 = trimWhitespace(category2) -- don't remove blank values end return obj end function CategoryHandler:parameter(key) local parameterNames = self._data.parameters[key] local pntype = type(parameterNames) if pntype == 'string' or pntype == 'number' then return self._args[parameterNames] elseif pntype == 'table' then for _, name in ipairs(parameterNames) do local value = self._args[name] if value ~= nil then return value end end return nil else error(string.format( 'invalid config key "%s"', tostring(key) ), 2) end end function CategoryHandler:isSuppressedByArguments() return -- See if a category suppression argument has been set. self._nocat == true or self._categories == false or ( self._category2 and self._category2 ~= self._data.category2Yes and self._category2 ~= self._data.category2Negative ) -- Check whether we are on a subpage, and see if categories are -- suppressed based on our subpage status. or self._subpage == self._data.subpageNo and self.title.isSubpage or self._subpage == self._data.subpageOnly and not self.title.isSubpage end function CategoryHandler:shouldSkipBlacklistCheck() -- Check whether the category suppression arguments indicate we -- should skip the blacklist check. return self._nocat == false or self._categories == true or self._category2 == self._data.category2Yes end function CategoryHandler:matchesBlacklist() if self._usesCurrentTitle then return self._data.currentTitleMatchesBlacklist else mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared') return mShared.matchesBlacklist( self.title.prefixedText, mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/blacklist') ) end end function CategoryHandler:isSuppressed() -- Find if categories are suppressed by either the arguments or by -- matching the blacklist. return self:isSuppressedByArguments() or not self:shouldSkipBlacklistCheck() and self:matchesBlacklist() end function CategoryHandler:getNamespaceParameters() if self._usesCurrentTitle then return self._data.currentTitleNamespaceParameters else if not mappings then mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared') mappings = mShared.getParamMappings(true) -- gets mappings with mw.loadData end return mShared.getNamespaceParameters( self.title, mappings ) end end function CategoryHandler:namespaceParametersExist() -- Find whether any namespace parameters have been specified. -- We use the order "all" --> namespace params --> "other" as this is what -- the old template did. if self:parameter('all') then return true end if not mappings then mShared = mShared or require('Module:Category handler/shared') mappings = mShared.getParamMappings(true) -- gets mappings with mw.loadData end for ns, params in pairs(mappings) do for i, param in ipairs(params) do if self._args[param] then return true end end end if self:parameter('other') then return true end return false end function CategoryHandler:getCategories() local params = self:getNamespaceParameters() local nsCategory for i, param in ipairs(params) do local value = self._args[param] if value ~= nil then nsCategory = value break end end if nsCategory ~= nil or self:namespaceParametersExist() then -- Namespace parameters exist - advanced usage. if nsCategory == nil then nsCategory = self:parameter('other') end local ret = {self:parameter('all')} local numParam = tonumber(nsCategory) if numParam and numParam >= 1 and math.floor(numParam) == numParam then -- nsCategory is an integer ret[#ret + 1] = self._args[numParam] else ret[#ret + 1] = nsCategory end if #ret < 1 then return nil else return table.concat(ret) end elseif self._data.defaultNamespaces[self.title.namespace] then -- Namespace parameters don't exist, simple usage. return self._args[1] end return nil end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- Used for testing purposes. return { CategoryHandler = CategoryHandler } end function p._main(args, data) data = data or mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/data') local handler = CategoryHandler.new(data, args) if handler:isSuppressed() then return nil end return handler:getCategories() end function p.main(frame, data) data = data or mw.loadData('Module:Category handler/data') local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = data.wrappers, valueFunc = function (k, v) v = trimWhitespace(v) if type(k) == 'number' then if v ~= '' then return v else return nil end else return v end end }) return p._main(args, data) end return p 3r3omm7d2cuozlzizb123k7gqwkppi9 828 8784 75083 2021-02-19T04:11:37Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{high-use|4486247|all-pages = yes}} {{Used in system}} {{Module rating|p}} This module implements the {{tl|category handler}} template. The category handler template helps o..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use|4486247|all-pages = yes}} {{Used in system}} {{Module rating|p}} This module implements the {{tl|category handler}} template. The category handler template helps other templates to automate both categorization and [[Wikipedia:Category suppression|category suppression]]. For information about using the category handler template in other templates, please see the '''[[Template:Category handler|template documentation]]'''. Keep reading for information about using the category handler module in other Lua modules, or for information on exporting this module to other wikis. == Use from other Lua modules == === When not to use this module === For cases where a module only needs to categorise in one of the namespaces main (articles), file (images) or category, then using this module is overkill. Instead, you can simply get a title object using [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.getCurrentTitle|mw.title.getCurrentTitle]] and check the <code>nsText</code> field. For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.nsText == 'File' then -- do something end </syntaxhighlight> However, if your module needs to categorize in any other namespace, then we recommend you use this module, since it provides proper category suppression and makes it easy to select how to categorize in the different namespaces. === Namespaces === This module detects and groups all the different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]] used on Wikipedia into several types. These types are used as parameter names in this module. :'''main''' = Main/article space, as in normal Wikipedia articles. :'''talk''' = Any talk space, such as page names that start with "Talk:", "User talk:", "File talk:" and so on. :'''user, wikipedia, file ... = The other namespaces except the talk pages. Namespace aliases are also accepted. See the table below for the full list.''' :'''other''' = Any namespaces that were not specified as a parameter to the template. See examples below. ;List of possible namespace parameters (excluding <code>''talk''</code> and <code>''other''</code>) {{#invoke:Namespace detect|table}} === Basic usage === This module takes two or more parameters. Here's an example using a hello world program: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'Hello world!' local category = categoryHandler{ '[[Category:Somecat]]', nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> The above example uses the default settings for the category handler module. That means the example module will categorize on pages in the following namespaces: :'''main''', '''file''', '''help''', '''category''', '''portal''' and '''book''' But it will ''not'' categorize in any other namespaces, e.g.: :'''talk''', '''user''', '''wikipedia''', '''mediawiki''', '''template''' ... And it will ''not'' categorize on blacklisted pages. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] below.) The reason the category handler module does not categorize in some of the namespaces is that in those namespaces most modules and templates are just demonstrated or listed, not used. Thus most modules and templates should not categorize in those namespaces. Any module or template that is meant for one or more of the namespaces where this module categorizes can use the basic syntax as shown above. === Advanced usage === This module takes one or more parameters named after the different page types as listed in section [[#Namespaces|namespaces]] above. By using those parameters you can specify exactly in which namespaces your template should categorize. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module meant for articles and talk pages.' local category = categoryHandler{ main = '[[Category:Somecat1]]', -- Categorize in main (article) space talk = '[[Category:Somecat2]]', -- Categorize in talk space nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> The above module will only categorize in main and talk space. But it will not categorize on /archive pages since they are blacklisted. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] below.) And if you need to demonstrate (discuss) the module on a talkpage, then you can feed "<code>nocat='true'</code>" to prevent that template from categorizing. (See section [[#Nocat|nocat]] below.) Like this: <pre> == My new module == Hey guys, have you seen my new module? {{#invoke:mymodule|main|nocat=true}} Nice, isn't it? --~~~~ </pre> Sometimes we want to use the same category in several namespaces, then do like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module used in several namespaces.' local category = categoryHandler{ main = '[[Category:Somecat1]]', [ 1 ] = '[[Category:Somecat2]]', -- For help and user space help = 1, user = 1, talk = '', -- No categories on talk pages other = '[[Category:Somecat3]]', -- For all other namespaces nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> In the above example we use a numbered parameter to feed one of the categories, and then we tell this module to use that numbered parameter for both the help and user space. The category handler module understands an unlimited number of numbered parameters. The '''other''' parameter defines what should be used in the remaining namespaces that have not explicitly been fed data. Note the empty but defined '''talk''' parameter. That stops this module from showing what has been fed to the '''other''' parameter, when in talk space. The category handler module also has a parameter called '''all'''. It works like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module used in all namespaces.' local category = categoryHandler{ all = '[[Category:Somecat1]]', -- Categorize in all namespaces nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> The above example will categorize in all namespaces, but not on blacklisted pages. If you want to demonstrate that module on a page, then use "<code>nocat=true</code>" to prevent the template from categorizing. We suggest avoiding the '''all''' parameter, since modules and templates should preferably only categorize in the namespaces they need to. The all parameter can also be combined with the rest of the parameters. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module used in all namespaces.' local category = categoryHandler{ all = '[[Category:Somecat1]]', -- Categorize in all namespaces main = '[[Category:Somecat2]]', -- And add this in main space other = '[[Category:Somecat3]]', -- And add this in all other namespaces nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> If the above module is placed on an article, then it will add the categories "Somecat1" and "Somecat2". But on all other types of pages it will instead add "Somecat1" and "Somecat3". As the example shows, the all parameter works independently of the rest of the parameters. === Subpages === The category handler module understands the '''subpage''' parameter. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module used in all namespaces.' local category = categoryHandler{ subpage = 'no' -- Don't categorize on subpages wikipedia = '[[Category:Somecat]]', nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> If "<code>subpage='no'</code>" then this template will ''not'' categorize on subpages. For the rare occasion you ''only'' want to categorize on subpages, then use "<code>subpage='only'</code>". If '''subpage''' is empty or undefined then this template categorizes both on basepages and on subpages. === Blacklist === This module has a blacklist of the pages and page types where templates should not auto-categorize. Thus modules that use this meta-template will for instance not categorize on /archive pages and on the subpages of [[Wikipedia:Template messages]]. If you want a template to categorize on a blacklisted page, then feed "<code><nowiki>nocat = false</nowiki></code>" to the module when you place it on the page, thus skipping the blacklist check. Note that this module only categorizes if it has data for the namespace. For instance, if the basic syntax is used (see [[#Basic usage|basic usage]] above), then even if you set "<code>nocat = false</code>" the template will not categorize on a talk page, since it has no data for talk pages. But it has data for help space, so on a blacklisted help page it will categorize. The blacklist is located in the configuration table <code>cfg.blacklist</code> near the top of the module code. === The "nocat" parameter === This module understands the '''nocat''' parameter: * If "<code>nocat = true</code>" then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''nocat''' is <code>nil</code> then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>nocat = false</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] above.) * The nocat parameter also accepts aliases for <code>true</code> and <code>false</code> as defined by [[Module:Yesno]], e.g. "yes", "y", "true", and 1 for <code>true</code>, and "no", "n", "false", and 0 for <code>false</code>. Modules and templates that use {{tlf|category handler}} should forward '''nocat''', so they too understand '''nocat'''. The code "<code>nocat = frame.args.nocat</code>" shown in the examples on this page does that. === The "categories" parameter === For backwards compatibility this module also understands the '''categories''' parameter. It works the same as '''nocat'''. Like this: * If "<code>categories = false</code>" then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''categories''' is empty or undefined then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>categories = true</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. * The categories parameter also accepts aliases for <code>true</code> and <code>false</code> as defined by [[Module:Yesno]], e.g. "yes", "y", "true", and 1 for <code>true</code>, and "no", "n", "false", and 0 for <code>false</code>. === The "category2" parameter === For backwards compatibility this template kind of supports the old "category =" parameter. But the parameter name "category" is already used in this module to feed category data for when in category space. So instead this template uses '''category2''' for the usage similar to '''nocat'''. Like this: * If "<code>category2 = "</code>" (empty but defined), or "<code>category2 = 'no'</code>", or if '''category2''' is fed any other data (except as described in the next two points), then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''category2''' is undefined or if "<code>category2 = '¬'</code>", then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>category2 = 'yes'</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. === Categories and text === Besides from categories, you can feed anything else to this module, for instance some text. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local result = 'This is a module used on talk pages.' local category = categoryHandler{ talk = '[[Category:Somecat]]', other = '<p class="error">This module should only be used on talk pages.</p>', nocat = frame.args.nocat -- So "nocat=true/false" works } category = category or '' -- Check that we don't have a nil value for the category variable. return result .. category end return p </syntaxhighlight> When the module code above is used on anything other than a talk page, it will look like this: :This is a module used on talk pages.{{#invoke:category handler|main | talk = [[Category:Somecat]] | other = <p class="error">This module should only be used on talk pages.</p> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} That text will not show on blacklisted pages, so don't use this method to show any important information. Feeding "<code>nocat = 'true'</code>" to the template hides the text, just as it suppresses any categories. === The "page" parameter === For testing and demonstration purposes this module can take a parameter named '''page'''. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local category = categoryHandler{ main = 'Category:Some cat', talk = 'Category:Talk cat', nocat = frame.args.nocat, -- So "nocat=true/false" works page = 'User talk:Example' } return category end return p </syntaxhighlight> In the above code we on purpose left out the brackets around the category names so we see the output on the page. No matter on what kind of page the code above is used it will return this: :{{#invoke:category handler|main | main = Category:Some cat | talk = Category:Talk cat | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | page = User talk:Example }} The '''page''' parameter makes this module behave exactly as if on that page. Even the blacklist works. The pagename doesn't have to be an existing page. If the '''page''' parameter is empty or undefined, the name of the current page determines the result. You can make it so your module also understands the '''page''' parameter. That means you can test how your template will categorize on different pages, without having to actually edit those pages. Then do like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> p = {} local categoryHandler = require( 'Module:Category handler' ).main function p.main( frame ) local category = categoryHandler{ main = 'Category:Some cat', talk = 'Category:Talk cat', nocat = frame.args.nocat, -- So "nocat=true/false" works page = frame.args.page -- For testing } return category end return p </syntaxhighlight> === Parameters === List of all parameters: * First positional parameter - for default settings * subpage = 'no' / 'only' * 1, 2, 3 ... * all = '<nowiki>[[Category:Somecat]]</nowiki>' / 'Text' * main = 1, 2, 3 ... / '<nowiki>[[Category:Somecat]]</nowiki>' / 'Text' * ... * other = 1, 2, 3 ... / '<nowiki>[[Category:Somecat]]</nowiki>' / 'Text' * nocat = frame.args.nocat / true / false / 'yes' / 'no' / 'y' / 'n' / 'true' / 'false' / 1 / 0 * categories = frame.args.categories / false / true / 'no' / 'yes' / 'n' / 'y' / 'false' / 'true' / 0 / 1 * category2 = frame.args.category or '¬' / 'no' / 'not defined' / '¬' / 'yes' * page = frame.args.page / 'User:Example' Note that empty values to the "main" ... "other" parameters have special meaning (see examples above). The "all" parameter doesn't understand numbered parameters, since there should never be a need for that. == Exporting to other wikis == This module can be exported to other wikis by changing the configuration values in the <code>cfg</code> table. All the variable values are configurable, so after the configuration values have been set there should be no need to alter the main module code. Details of each configuration value are included in the module code comments. In addition, this module requires [[Module:Namespace detect]] to be available on the local wiki. == See also == * {{tl|Category handler}} – for using this module with templates, rather than Lua modules. * [[Wikipedia:Category suppression]] – The how-to guide. * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Category Suppression]] – The WikiProject. * [[Wikipedia:Namespace]] – Lists all the namespaces. 5kxmyqwfbg89dg8t6et327d4b1oa9z5 828 8785 75084 2021-02-19T04:12:31Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "-- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input. -- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}. return function (val, default) -- If your wiki..." Scribunto text/plain -- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input. -- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}. return function (val, default) -- If your wiki uses non-ascii characters for any of "yes", "no", etc., you -- should replace "val:lower()" with "mw.ustring.lower(val)" in the -- following line. val = type(val) == 'string' and val:lower() or val if val == nil then return nil elseif val == true or val == 'yes' or val == 'y' or val == 'true' or val == 't' or val == 'on' or tonumber(val) == 1 then return true elseif val == false or val == 'no' or val == 'n' or val == 'false' or val == 'f' or val == 'off' or tonumber(val) == 0 then return false else return default end end swdskn7svew8i9wuydn9uj5l3r2ghcs 828 8786 84703 75085 2022-05-20T02:10:22Z BevoLJ 10818 updating: Module:Yesno/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Module rating|protected}} This module provides a consistent interface for processing boolean or boolean-style string input. While Lua allows the <code>true</code> and <code>false</code> boolean values, wikicode templates can only express boolean values through strings such as "yes", "no", etc. This module processes these kinds of strings and turns them into boolean input for Lua to process. It also returns <code>nil</code> values as <code>nil</code>, to allow for distinctions between <code>nil</code> and <code>false</code>. The module also accepts other Lua structures as input, i.e. booleans, numbers, tables, and functions. If it is passed input that it does not recognise as boolean or <code>nil</code>, it is possible to specify a default value to return. == Syntax == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">yesno(value, default)</syntaxhighlight> <code>value</code> is the value to be tested. Boolean input or boolean-style input (see below) always evaluates to either <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, and <code>nil</code> always evaluates to <code>nil</code>. Other values evaluate to <code>default</code>. == Usage == First, load the module. Note that it can only be loaded from other Lua modules, not from normal wiki pages. For normal wiki pages you can use {{tl|yesno}} instead. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') </syntaxhighlight> Some input values always return <code>true</code>, and some always return <code>false</code>. <code>nil</code> values always return <code>nil</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- These always return true: yesno('yes') yesno('y') yesno('true') yesno('t') yesno('1') yesno(1) yesno(true) -- These always return false: yesno('no') yesno('n') yesno('false') yesno('f') yesno('0') yesno(0) yesno(false) -- A nil value always returns nil: yesno(nil) </syntaxhighlight> String values are converted to lower case before they are matched: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- These always return true: yesno('Yes') yesno('YES') yesno('yEs') yesno('Y') yesno('tRuE') -- These always return false: yesno('No') yesno('NO') yesno('nO') yesno('N') yesno('fALsE') </syntaxhighlight> ===Undefined input ('foo')=== You can specify a default value if yesno receives input other than that listed above. If you don't supply a default, the module will return <code>nil</code> for these inputs. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- These return nil: yesno('foo') yesno({}) yesno(5) yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end) yesno(nil, true) yesno(nil, 'bar') -- These return true: yesno('foo', true) yesno({}, true) yesno(5, true) yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end, true) -- These return "bar": yesno('foo', 'bar') yesno({}, 'bar') yesno(5, 'bar') yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end, 'bar') </syntaxhighlight> Note that the empty string also functions this way: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> yesno('') -- Returns nil. yesno('', true) -- Returns true. yesno('', 'bar') -- Returns "bar". </syntaxhighlight> Although the empty string usually evaluates to false in wikitext, it evaluates to true in Lua. This module prefers the Lua behaviour over the wikitext behaviour. If treating the empty string as false is important for your module, you will need to convert empty strings to a value that evaluates to false before passing them to this module. In the case of arguments received from wikitext, this can be done by using [[Module:Arguments]]. ===Handling nil results=== By definition :<syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> yesno(nil) -- Returns nil. yesno('foo') -- Returns nil. yesno(nil, true) -- Returns nil. yesno(nil, false) -- Returns nil. yesno('foo', true) -- Returns true. </syntaxhighlight> To get the binary <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>true/false</syntaxhighlight>-only values, use code like: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> myvariable = yesno(value) or false -- When value is nil, result is false. myvariable = yesno(value) or true -- When value is nil, result is true. myvariable = yesno('foo') or false -- Unknown string returns nil, result is false. myvariable = yesno('foo', true) or false -- Default value (here: true) applies, result is true. </syntaxhighlight><!-- --><includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> nrpba7al4tg6jf69dmn4yqegiu1jctj 828 8787 83921 75086 2022-05-19T04:03:28Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Module:Message box/configuration Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Message box configuration -- -- -- -- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Message box]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { ambox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ambox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ambox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ambox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ambox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ambox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ambox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ambox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', allowBlankParams = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'}, allowSmall = true, smallParam = 'left', smallClass = 'mbox-small-left', substCheck = true, classes = {'metadata', 'ambox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, imageCheckBlank = true, imageSmallSize = '20x20px', imageCellDiv = true, useCollapsibleTextFields = true, imageRightNone = true, sectionDefault = 'article', allowMainspaceCategories = true, templateCategory = 'Article message templates', templateCategoryRequireName = true, templateErrorCategory = 'Article message templates with missing parameters', templateErrorParamsToCheck = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'}, removalNotice = '<small>[[Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this template message]]</small>' }, cmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'cmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'cmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'cmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'cmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'cmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'cmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'cmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'cmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true }, fmbox = { types = { warning = { class = 'fmbox-warning', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, editnotice = { class = 'fmbox-editnotice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' }, system = { class = 'fmbox-system', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'system', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'fmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = false, imageRightNone = false }, imbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'imbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'imbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'imbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'imbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'imbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'imbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, license = { class = 'imbox-license licensetpl', image = 'Imbox license.png' -- @todo We need an SVG version of this }, featured = { class = 'imbox-featured', image = 'Cscr-featured.svg' }, notice = { class = 'imbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'imbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, below = true, templateCategory = 'File message boxes' }, ombox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ombox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ombox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ombox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ombox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ombox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ombox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ombox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'ombox'}, allowSmall = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageRightNone = true }, tmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'tmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'tmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'tmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'tmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'tmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'tmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'tmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'tmbox'}, allowSmall = true, imageRightNone = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageEmptyCellStyle = true, templateCategory = 'Talk message boxes' } } qxbcfnckq0wxqjnore5cevop919esz9 828 8788 75087 2021-02-19T04:15:26Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{high-use}} {{Used in system}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Message box/configuration/sandbox| {{Mbox|small=yes|type=notice|text=See related module: * ..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{Used in system}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Message box/configuration/sandbox| {{Mbox|small=yes|type=notice|text=See related module: * [[Module:Message box]] ([[Module:Message box/sandbox|sandbox]]) }} }} my57gquut0w4hsdekinhosbocpiw370 10 8789 75093 75092 2021-02-19T05:03:19Z Wizboyll51 9556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox|type=content|text=The design and content of all music-related infoboxes should follow Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability policy]], [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infobox style guideline]] and [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music|music style guideline]]. While this document may clarify details of their specific application to the infobox, it is primarily concerned with explaining usage and not with matters of Wikipedia policy and style.}} s2h5by12nx29mnd3yxacvauhygurf3i 828 8790 75090 2021-02-19T05:00:01Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "-- This module assembles data to be passed to [[Module:Category handler]] using -- mw.loadData. This includes the configuration data and whether the current -- page matches th..." Scribunto text/plain -- This module assembles data to be passed to [[Module:Category handler]] using -- mw.loadData. This includes the configuration data and whether the current -- page matches the title blacklist. local data = require('Module:Category handler/config') local mShared = require('Module:Category handler/shared') local blacklist = require('Module:Category handler/blacklist') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() data.currentTitleMatchesBlacklist = mShared.matchesBlacklist( title.prefixedText, blacklist ) data.currentTitleNamespaceParameters = mShared.getNamespaceParameters( title, mShared.getParamMappings() ) return data k26mwixuaeijisfddb0sxkg82iux8v4 4 8791 75094 2021-02-19T05:06:50Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{short description|Wikimedia subject-area collaboration}} {{redirect|WP:MUSICIAN|the notability guideline|Wikipedia:Notability (music)}} {{WikiProject status|active|type=band..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Wikimedia subject-area collaboration}} {{redirect|WP:MUSICIAN|the notability guideline|Wikipedia:Notability (music)}} {{WikiProject status|active|type=band|parent=Music|sc1=WP:MUSICIAN|sc2=WP:MUSICIANS}} {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/header}} :''This [[WP:PJ|WikiProject]] was originally intended for individual artists, but has since been expanded to include musical groups as well. This aspect of the project is currently in progress.'' {{WikiProject progression rainbow|project=biography (musicians)}} Some [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]s have formed a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|project]] to better organize information in articles related to '''[[Musician]]s''' and '''[[Musical ensemble]]s/[[Band (music)|Band]]s'''. This page and its subpages contain their suggestions; it is hoped that this project will help to focus the efforts of other Wikipedians in writing/editing articles related to this subject. If you would like to help, please inquire on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] or check out the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/To Do|to-do list]]. {{Portal|Music}} {{User:WolterBot/Cleanup listing subscription|wgcat=Musicians work group articles|hidden=1}} ==Overview== ===Scope=== The purpose of this project is to provide guidelines for Wikipedia articles regarding [[musician]]s. This can cover everything from visual style and formatting to content and organization. All articles need not be identical, and there is obviously a wide variety of information which may be appropriate to some articles and not to others. The goal is to make it easier for Wikipedians to create high quality articles related to this subject matter, and also to make it easier for readers of these articles to find relevant information in consistent format and location. This project will also participate in the categorization of related pages in order to make it even easier to find relevant related information. ===Parentage=== * {{WPJ3|Biography}} * {{WPJ3|Music}} ===Related WikiProjects=== {{WikiProject Music/Related WikiProjects}} ===Related Portals=== * [[Portal:Music]] **Genres ***[[Portal:Blues]] ***[[Portal:Classical music]] ***[[Portal:Latin music]] ***[[Portal:Pop music]] ***[[Portal:Rock music]] ==Participants== This is a manually compiled list. If you have constructively participated in this project, please feel free to add yourself to this list. You may also wish to list your specific interests or areas in which you would like to participate. <!-- ADD YOURSELF USING THIS FORMAT: * {{User|username}}&nbsp;– Feel free to add a little blurb about yourself and your interests. --> {{Collapse top|Active members}} # {{User|4TheWynne}}&nbsp;– I work on some well-known bands and artists. # {{User|Aggie80}}&nbsp;– The Ukulele Guy! I've added 6 articles on ukulele players and contributed to many others. # {{user|Ahsoka Dillard}}&nbsp;– Public musicologist. Working on Asian American women composers. 19th-C Opera. Pianist. # {{user|Akhiljaxxn}} # {{User|Akrabbim}}&nbsp;– The articles I edit will most likely be included [http://www.last.fm/user/Wan_Car_Lhos here], at my [[Last.fm]] page # {{User|AlesaRosePhotos}}&nbsp;– Primarily [[Def Leppard]] and related - adding new info, fixing typos, adding links, sources, and photos. # {{User|Allreet}}&nbsp;– singer-songwriter, folk, rock, blues, indie # {{User|Bearian}}&nbsp;– mostly classical, Blues, Jazz, and Indie rock; best so far IMHO is [[Grieg's music in popular culture]] # {{User|Bencherlite}}&nbsp;– classical music, esp choral/organ; categorization # {{User|BNutzer}}&nbsp;– adding articles to project, assessing articles # {{User|Bonnie13J}}&nbsp;– mostly cleaning up formatting: adding infoboxes and fixing references # {{User|Correogsk}}&nbsp;- Eng-Sp-Eng or Fre-Eng-Fre translation; mainly classical and Mexican music. # {{User|CptViraj}}&nbsp;- mainly working on indian artists. # {{User|Cricket02}}&nbsp;– adding articles to project # {{user|Dexter_prog}} # {{User|Dimtsit}}&nbsp;– Adding or correcting music genres. Small scale additions or corrections. # {{User|Doc2234}}&nbsp;– Primarily [[Missing Persons (band)]], musicians associated with that band and with [[Frank Zappa]], certain drummers/percussionists, and musicians from [[New England]], U.S.A. # {{User|DocOfSoc}}&nbsp;– singers, old mostly, and new # {{User|Doomsdayer520}} For several years the majority of my edits have been to musician/band biography articles, which I usually locate via the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Albums|Albums Project]]. # {{User|Eagledj}}&nbsp;—country music, biographies, producers, songwriters, Jazz, big-band, bluegrass, pedal steel, Nashville # {{User|Eddy-Ex}}&nbsp;– Caribbean music (Calyspo, Dancehall, Reggae, Punta, & Soca) # {{User|Efkr}}&nbsp;– Ensure comfort in reading articles (aerate big paragraphs, add links & 1rst letter MAJ), revise contents for all musician's articles. # {{User|Endlessdan}}&nbsp;– Mostly Rock N Roll; 60-70s... but I dabble in other genres. # {{User|Eric Jack Nash}} # {{User|Esprit15d}} # {{User|Eurohunter}} # {{User|Expianglidosh}}&nbsp;– Biographies of film composers and crossover musician/sound designers # {{User|Fylbecatulous}} # {{User|Gameconsoleguide}}&nbsp; # {{User|HamatoKameko}}&nbsp;– Mostly limited the Finnish hard rock band [[Lordi]] and related articles. # {{User|Hekerui}}&nbsp;– Project leader # {{User|Heytherehowsitgoin}}&nbsp;– Mainly punk and alternative rock; also musicians and bands associated with [[emo]]. # {{User|Iadmc}}&nbsp;– Mostly classical but also some rock # {{User|Icem4k}}&nbsp; - Main focus is Africa and most importantly is Zambia. # {{User|IllaZilla}}&nbsp;– mostly punk rock/independent and [[San Diego, California|San Diego]]-area based groups, also album pages & member bios # {{User|Itsmelah}}&nbsp;– As a Heavy Metal musician myself, I try my best to contribute to the Musicians section for Wikipedia. # {{User|J04n}}&nbsp;– currently contribute to early hard rock/heavy metal bands: Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Kiss and early punk bands: Ramones, the Clash. Interested in helping save bands/musicians from [[WP:AFD]]. # {{User|Jacoplane}} # {{User|JalenFolf}} – mostly just improving articles about EDM DJs and producers and keeping discographies up-to-date # {{User|Jazzfann}} # {{User|Jusdafax}}&nbsp;– I'm interested in many kinds of music. # {{User|K. Kellogg-Smith}}&nbsp;– raising the level of awareness about the original [[Kingston Trio]] founder [[Dave Guard]], and his many post-Trio folk/neo-folk/world music accomplishments. # {{User|Keithbob}}&nbsp;– I like to work on BLP's of musicians and [[singer-songwriters]]. # {{User|Kevinbrowning}} # {{User|Kingboyk}} # {{User|Kjsarat}}&nbsp;– I work with Indian Bands and other Artists based out of India and I have trusted sources and information regarding these bands and artists as I work with them. # {{User|Kmzundel}}&nbsp;– Mostly interested in helping with folk musicians; style; creating stubs # {{User|Kollision}}&nbsp;– Article layout and formatting # {{User|leahtwosaints}}&nbsp;– Biographer of musicians- favoring rock, blues, R&B and [[slide guitar]] artists. Specialty in finding and placing photos for those articles. # {{User|Lierre24}}&nbsp;– Currently working on a new page for singer-songwriter John Garrison. # {{User|LizParker}}&nbsp;– currently working on Big Big Train articles. # {{User|Markworthen}}&nbsp; - Rock music, particularly hard rock and blues rock. #[[User:DENAMAX|Maxim Stoyalov]] # {{User|Mdebets}}&nbsp;– Mostly German rock and World music # {{User|Milliot}}&nbsp;– mainly players and makers of stringed instruments # {{User|Musdan77}}&nbsp;– My very first article edit (8 years ago) was a musical group, and have continued since (better late than never). # {{User|Music1201}}&nbsp;– mainly orchestral instruments and pieces. # {{User|NicklausAU}} # {{User|NInTeNdO}}&nbsp;– [[Demi Lovato]] articles # {{User|Notjake13}}&nbsp;– Editing and counter-vandalism on Japanese rock-related pages; recent projects [[Dir en grey]], [[X Japan]], and others listed [[User:Notjake13/Articles|here]] # {{User|Olliyeah}}&nbsp;– Currently working and expanding Christina Aguilera articles # {{User|Owula kpakpo}}&nbsp;- I write about mostly musicians from Ghana. # {{User|Ozkithar Salas}}&nbsp;– Currently working and expanding Shakira articles # {{User|Pjoef}} # {{User|Pustelnik}}&nbsp;– folk and traditional, singer-songwriters, related trivia # {{User|Quywompka}} # {{User|Rbsnjr}}&nbsp;– Christian Rock, Brazilian Rock Bands. # {{User|RythianMage}}&nbsp;-Elephant 6 collective and related bands and musicians,also bands from Athens,Georgia # {{User|SColombo}} # {{User|Scottyoak2}}&nbsp;– building, maintaining and fixing BLPs. Singer-songwriters mostly. # {{User|Sepulwiki}}&nbsp;– Mostly [[metal]] bands such as [[Sepultura]] and [[Job For A Cowboy]] # {{User|Shiori}}&nbsp;– Crusader for the infobox # {{User|SkaraB}}&nbsp;– Have written the article on [[Jim Neversink]] (indie/americana); best at the biographical stuff, could do with help on the music bit. # {{User|Skyerise}} # {{User|Smm201`0}}&nbsp;– Alternative and Idie, especially acoustic. Asbury Park music scene. Contributions include [[Billy Hector]], [[Eryn Shewell]], [[George Wirth]], [[Asbury Park Music Awards]], [[Wave Gathering]], [[The Saint (music venue)]], and helping with [[The Stone Pony]]. Also add photos via Wikimedia Commons, such as those for [[Airborne Toxic Event]], [[Scars on 45]], [[The Damnwells]], [[Elephant Revival]]. # {{User|SNUGGUMS}} # {{User|Sock}} # {{User|Soumyasch}} # {{User|SoundwavTheOG}}&nbsp;– South African music related articles # {{User|Springeragh}}&nbsp;– classical # {{user|Srsrox}}&nbsp;– Mostly rock, but like various genres of music. # {{User|STATicVapor}} # {{User|Stephenmusic}}&nbsp;– Mainly Irish Indie/Rock Bands as well as Welsh and Scottish Bands, including [[The Coronas]], [[General Fiasco]], [[Two Door Cinema Club]], [[Kids In Glass Houses]], [[The Automatic]] & [[Twin Atlantic]]. # {{User|Stix2mallets}}&nbsp;- Bachelor's in percussion performance and currently playing with the [[Henderson Symphony Orchestra]] # {{User|Suduser85}}&nbsp;– [[Indie (music)|Indie rock/indie pop]] and techno/elecronica (mainly [[House music|house]], i.e. [[Daft Punk]]) musicians # {{User|Sweet kate}}&nbsp;– Infoboxes. I love infoboxes. # {{User|SydKat}}&nbsp;- My main focuses are [[The Wallflowers]] and [[Jakob Dylan]] pages. I'll help wherever else I can though! # {{User|Taal Saptak}} # {{User|TheEpicGhosty}} # {{User|TheEpistle}} I focus on Upcoming Notable Artists # {{User|Theeternalexpat}} # {{User|theorb}}&nbsp;– classical, indie musicians, modern rock, and electronica # {{User|TheRealGrantma}} I mostly listen to hip hop and rock # {{User|TigerK_69}} # {{User|Time for a nice cuppa brew}}&nbsp;– Let's start tidying up these articles! I love pop music! # {{User|Trap The Drum Wonder}}&nbsp;– expanding the pre and post bands of the mainstream; creating articles about forgotten groups. For example, pre-[[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] band [[Dain Bramage]] (authoured by myself). # {{User|Unak78}}&nbsp;– Been working on [[Shyne]] article with updates relating to his upcoming release as well as upgrading from stub article. General upgrading of notable articles. # {{User|Unint}} # {{User|Westofpch}} # {{User|WhatsImportantToMe}}&nbsp;– Primarily interested in experimental/underground rock # {{User|Wickethewok}} # {{User|Wisekwai}} # {{User|Xtifr}} # {{User|ZoeZoeZoey}}&nbsp;– Will be working on K-POP groups. # {{User|Zytsef}}&nbsp;– Been working on [[:Category:Oregon musical groups]], also some punk related stuff # {{User|آرمین هویدایی}}&nbsp;Mainly into Latin Music artists, specially Ricky Martin related articles. {{Collapse bottom}} {{Collapse top|Inactive members}} * {{User|A Knight Who Says Ni}} * {{User|AceFrye}}&nbsp;– I'll probably work with bands local to the Des Moines or Chicago area, since I know quite a few bands personally in these areas. But, I'll work anywhere & have many sources for information/photos if needed, just hit me up on the talk page. :-) * {{User|Addionne}}&nbsp;– Jam Bands / Alt & Indie Rock / etc * {{User|ADogNamedPhaedo}}&nbsp;– Mostly punk, indie rock, and their various derivatives. * {{User|AL2TB}}&nbsp;– Will edit articles about composers who published their compositions in the [[CL Barnhouse Company]] * {{User|Anger22}}&nbsp;– Carrying the torch for the [[WP:GUITAR|WikiProject Guitarists]]. * {{user|Arbocalaviv}}&nbsp;– Powerpop and Pop-Punk... also some Post-Hardcore/Screamo * {{User|Archaeolojae}}&nbsp;– working on blues and jazz * {{User|audiotime}} * {{User|Badwolftv}} * {{User|Batman2005}} * {{User|Blondie16}} * {{User|Bmearns}}&nbsp;– Project founder – left June 16, 2006 * {{User|CA387}}&nbsp;– mainly players of stringed instruments * {{User|Cgadavies}}&nbsp;– folk music, mostly the Mammals and members * {{User|Cgilbert76}} * {{User|CillanXC}}&nbsp;– mostly modern rock/pop bands (copyediting) * {{User|Compuguy1088}} * {{User|Darknshadow}}&nbsp;– revisions and new info to some Japanese musicians, Chinese musicians, and Korean Musicians * {{User|DeathLoofah}} * {{User|Douglasr007}}&nbsp;– Probably most liking fixing things here and there. Electronic and alternative rock. * {{User|Dtobias}} * {{User|ElJay_Arem}}&nbsp;– music maestros (instrumentalists & vocalists) of [[Indian_classical_music|Indian Classical Music]] ([[Hindustani_classical_music|Hindustani]] (North Indian) and [[Carnatic_music|Carnatic]] (South Indian)) * {{User|Emorocker777}}&nbsp;– I am interested in anything dealing with music or musicians. Mostly [[emo]], [[pop punk]], and [[alternative rock]] groups. * {{User|Erikupoeg}}&nbsp;– European soul music of the Sixties, Estonian pop * {{User|Flowerparty}} * {{User|Gallagher2x2}}&nbsp;– Knows most everything about anthony green * {{User|Getcrunk}} * {{User|Gluewhale}}&nbsp;– Indian Musicians * {{user|GStreetwalker}}&nbsp;– Michael Jackson Fan , Songwriter * {{User|GuyDoe}}&nbsp;– Mosty metal artists from the 80's,90's,and 00's. * {{User|Hamuhamu}}&nbsp;– mostly Asian-language bands & singers * {{User|Harmanicus}}&nbsp;– Mostly 'classic rock' and metal. * {{User|Hatred King}} * {{User|Heaven's Wrath}}&nbsp;– former Project leader – Organization, conversion, assessment * {{User|Heiko Seemann}}&nbsp;– ukrainian and russian music and their performer * {{User|iceDevil}}&nbsp;– Mostly Mandarin-pop, Japanese-pop and Korean-pop. * {{User|Immortal-truth}}&nbsp;– Familiar with acts from Southeast Asia. * {{User|Immunity}}&nbsp;– adding infoboxes to band and musician articles, created Infoboxes for [[Template:Infobox music conference|Music Conferences]] and [[Template:Infobox music venue|Music Venues]]. * {{User|Indianescence}}&nbsp;– Currently woking on Gwen Stefani articls. * {{User|Jacobshuf}} * {{User|DENAMAX}} Maxim Stoyalov * {{User|Jessicagilmore}} * {{User|Joe5150}}&nbsp;– I'll be working on improving pages for pretty much anyone obscure that I like—I do it enough as it is, might as well collaborate. * {{User|Jp07}} * {{User|KamrynMatika}} * {{User|Kikumbob}}&nbsp;– Small, constructive edits. * {{User|Kindofdavish}}&nbsp;– Indie rock, indie folk, folktronica, college/progressive rock * {{User|Kivar2}} * {{User|Ksharpe126}} * {{User|Kulikang}}&nbsp;– Familiar with acts from Southeast Asia. * {{User|Ky Music Nerd}} * {{User|Lar}} * {{User|Leon Sword}}&nbsp;– Various work not limited to any group of musicians. * {{User|Mdebellis}}&nbsp;– Rory Gallagher (mostly) and some Jefferson Airplane * {{User|Mdhandley}} * {{User|Megamanic}}&nbsp;– adding articles to project * {{User|Moezzillas world}}&nbsp;– Mostley [[Uke til u puke]] related Articles * {{User|Nbcwd}}&nbsp;– mainly [[Jonathan Davis]] related articles including [[Korn]], [[Killbot (band)|Killbot]], [[JDevil]], and [[Jonathan Davis and the SFA]] * {{User|Nihilistic Misanthrope}}&nbsp;– Death Metal, Hip Hop, Audio recording technology. * {{User|NikFreak}}&nbsp;– [[Alternative metal|Alternative]] and [[Progressive Metal]], [[Post-Metal]] (Metalgaze), [[Grunge]]. Mainly editing articles from Evanescence category. * {{User|Nlu}} * {{User|Notmyhandle}}&nbsp;– Articles/revisions - bands/musicians/albums * {{User|OrinR}} * {{User|Patman2648}} * {{User|Patriot8790}} * {{User|PaulGorduiz106}}&nbsp;- Mostly [[Independent music|indie]] and [[Unsigned artist|unsigned]] artists and bands such as [[Lemon Demon]], [[Red Vox]], and [[Tally Hall (band)|Tally Hall]] * {{User|Pfflyer56}}&nbsp;– "Phish"/associated acts, "Oregon", Indian music, world music, avantgarde, random * {{User|Reechard}}&nbsp;– added [[Sarah Cahill (pianist)|Sarah Cahill]]. Piano; Spanish, French and 1900s music and musicians; composers; biographies. * {{User|Satchikova}} * {{User|Seth71}} * {{User|ShadowHalo}} * {{User|Sicamous}} * {{User|Snowfreak91287}} * {{User|*Spark*}} * {{User|SteelersFan UK06}}&nbsp;– i have been known to write, format, copyedit and wikify most pages on relitively unheard of Indie (mainly British and synth) bands * {{User|Strobilus}} * {{User|Tcasb}}&nbsp;– adding additional information to articles / revisions * {{User|Tetobigbro}} * {{User|TheForsakenWanderer}}&nbsp;– Working on Brazilian and Australian musicians. * {{User|Thereen}} * {{User|TheSubmarine}} * {{User|TheTwoRoads}}&nbsp;– Will mostly be working on Paul McCartney-related musicians. * {{User|TonyTheTiger}}&nbsp;– My contributions are a bit infrequent and tangential. I moved membership to Music because my work is more general. * {{User|Tvccs}} * {{User|UD490}} * {{User|Unionbay}} * {{User|Weatherman90}} * {{User|Wiki libs}} * {{User|WikiGuy86}}&nbsp;– Working mostly on hip hop and/or R&B artist's pages. * {{User|Wisdom89}}&nbsp;– Mostly concerned with fleshing out rock and metal oriented articles * {{User|Wootking}} * {{User|Xaremathras}}&nbsp;– Metal / Pop / Some Rap / [[K-Pop]] / The Betterment of all music articles * {{User|Yoshiman6464}}&nbsp;– [[Jazz]] / [[New Age music|New Age]] {{Collapse bottom}} ==Article alerts== {{See also|Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Deletion}} {{Hidden begin | titlestyle = background:lightblue; | title = Article Alerts | ta1 = center }} {{Article alerts columns|Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Article alerts}} {{Hidden end}} {{clear}} ==Tasks== {| class="messagebox standard-talk" |- ! rowspan="2" valign="top" | ! align="left" | [[Image:Note.svg|25px]] <big> [[Wikipedia:To-do list|To-do list]] for [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/To Do|WikiProject Musicians]]:</big> | style="text-align:right;" | <small><span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}/To_Do/to_do|action=edit}} edit]&nbsp;- [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}/To_Do/to_do|action=history}} history]&nbsp;- [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}/To_Do/to_do|action=watch}} watch]&nbsp;- [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}/To_Do|action=purge}} refresh]</span></small> |- | colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;background:#FFEFDF; padding:5px; margin: 5px; border: 1px dotted black;" | {{{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}/To_Do/to_do}} |} : ''Click the title of each section to go to the task's sub-page.'' {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Sidebar}} ===[[/Assessment|Assessment guidelines]]=== Rate the articles according to the [[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment|1.0 Assessment guidelines]]. See [[:Category:Unassessed biography (musicians) articles]] for articles that need a rating. You can also [[/Assessment#Requests for assessment|request an assessment]]. ===[[/Article guidelines|Conversion]]=== The purpose of this sub project is to find articles related to this subject and edit them so as to comply with the guidelines set forth by this project. ===[[/Categorization|Categorization]]=== This sub project is aimed at classifying related articles in a logical and consistent manner, the idea being to make it easier to find articles related to a certain subject matter. ===[[/Stubs|Stub sorting]]=== Help organize and label musician-related [[Wikipedia:Stub|stubs]] with the correct stub template. ===[[/Current collaboration|Current collaboration]]=== This is similar to the [[Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week|Collaboration of the week]], but on a smaller scale. Every so often, members of the project select a single article—existing or not—on which to focus some of our combined efforts. This involves not just fixing up the article to match the [[#Guidelines for articles|guidelines of the project]], but also doing any necessary research and resource gathering for the article, including finding [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|usable]] images or other media.<br/>{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Templates/current_collab}} ==Article structure== {{Main article|WP:WPMAG}} For the time being, the chief focus of this wikiproject is to establish itself by defining a solid set of guidelines for related articles to use. All are encouraged to participate in this endeavor by reviewing the [[#Guidelines for articles|existing guidelines]] and discussing them on the [[/Article guidelines|article guidelines]] page. Both positive and negative [[constructive criticism]] are highly welcomed, but please discuss changes prior to making them. This includes changes to existing guidelines, removal of existing guidelines, and addition of new guidelines. ==Contributing== ===Adding articles=== It only takes one very simple step to add an article to the project: * Add the following code to the '''top''' of the talk page. This should not be underneath a section header. <pre style="overflow: auto"> {{WikiProject Biography | living = | class = | listas = | musician-work-group = yes | musician-priority = | attention = | needs-photo = | needs-infobox = | needs-discography = }} </pre> This template includes articles in {{ccl|Musicians work group articles}} allows us to track articles in the project so as to better gauge the progress of the project and to find articles that need work done (please use [[Wikipedia:Categories#How_to_make_a_physics_subcategory_sort_correctly_within_the_physics_category|piped category links]] to sort articles by artist's '''last name'''). The {{tl|WPBiography}} template informs others about the project to potentially inspire new contributors to the project, and also to hopefully prevent some unnecessary and inadvertent deviation from the project's guidelines which the editor may not even be aware of. You can also feel free to add a link to the page under either "[[#Recently added|Recently added]]" or "[[#New articles|New articles]]", which ever is appropriate. This will allow others to see what's new with the project and likely quicken the process of getting the article edited to meet guidelines. ====What to add==== The above method for adding articles to the project should only be used for articles that specifically pertain to the subject matter of this project, i.e., a specific [[musician]]. Articles that more generally relate to the project, for instance [[musician]] should '''not''' be added to {{ccl|Musicians work group articles}} and should '''not''' have {{tl|WPBiography}} added to their talk page. For articles such as these, please see the section entitled "[[#Other related articles|Other related articles]]". Articles need not comply exactly with the standards of the project in order to be added, in fact, they don't need to comply at all. Adding a non-compliant article will make it that much more likely that someone involved in the project will find it and fix it up. For more information on non-compliant articles, see "[[#Articles in need of attention|Articles in need of attention]]". Pages that are involved more in the administrative aspect of this project, e.g. subprojects' pages, lists, templates, etc., also should '''not''' be added to {{ccl|Musicians work group articles}} or include {{tl|WPBiography}}. Instead, these pages should be added to '''{{ccl|WikiProject Musicians}}'''. ====Who to add==== This project aims to improve articles of all musical performers. This includes: * Solo artists * Bands * Individual band members * Composers * Writers * Instrumentalists * Ensembles ===Editing project articles=== Articles already part of this project are still open to editing, and there's no special procedure for doing so. Remember, a lot of articles are added to the project without any compliance to the project guidelines. Don't feel like you need to completely fix up an article when you edit it; even a small edit that follows the project is better than none. If you have completely fixed a page to meet the guidelines, go ahead and add it as a [[#Showcase candidates|candidate]] for the [[#Showcase articles|Showcase]], or even as a [[#Featured article|Featured]] [[#Featured candidate|candidate]]. Not sure what articles to edit? [[#Articles in need of attention|Keep reading...]] ====Articles in need of attention==== {{ccl|Musicians work group articles needing attention}} has been created in order to better keep track of what articles need what work. Set attention equal to yes in {{tl|WPBiography}} (see code below) in order to add it to {{ccl|Musicians work group articles needing attention}}: <pre style="overflow: auto"> {{WikiProject Biography | living = | class = | listas = | musician-work-group = yes | musician-priority = | attention = yes | needs-photo = | needs-infobox = | needs-discography = }} </pre> *If the article needs a photo, set '''needs-photo= yes'''. *If the article needs an infobox, set '''needs-infobox = yes'''. *If the article needs a discography, set '''needs-discography= yes'''. If you have edited an article and believe that it no longer needs work, you should remove the {{para|attention|yes}} parameter from the banner. Do not delete any of the entries on the talk page related to the work (or any, for that matter), and make sure it has the two items listed under "[[#Adding articles|Adding articles]]". In addition, fixed articles should be added to the list of [[#Recently fixed|Recently fixed]] articles along with your date-stamped [[Wikipedia:signature|signature]] (four tildes, <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). This will allow others to review the work (no one's perfect) and make sure all the original issues have been resolves. ==Related pages== ===Infobox=== {{Main article|Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Infobox}} * {{lts|Infobox musical artist}} ===Navbox=== {{Main article|Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Navbox}} * {{lts|Navbox Musical artist}} ===Project banner=== {| style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" | <small>Place on top of an article's talk page.</small> |- | style="padding: 0.5em" | <pre>{{WikiProject Biography | living = | class = | listas = | musician-work-group = yes | musician-priority = | attention = | needs-photo = | needs-infobox = | needs-discography = }} </pre> Remove unneeded fields. <br /> :For more information, see: {{tlx|WikiProject Biography/doc}} | {{WikiProject Biography|musician-work-group=yes|category=no}} |- |} ===Stub templates=== :''See [[/Stub sorting|Stub sorting]]'' ===Userboxes=== {| width="99%" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey" | Userboxes |- | width="40%" style="padding: 0.5em" | {{tl|User WP Musicians}}<br /><small>formerly {{[[User:Heaven's Wrath/Userboxes/WPMusicians]]}}</small> | {{User WP Musicians}} |- | style="padding: 0.5em" | {{tl|User WP Musicians2}}<br /><small>formerly {{[[User:Thereen/WPMusiciansUserbox]]}}</small> | {{User WP Musicians2}} |- |} ===Other templates=== :''See also: [[:Category:WikiProject Musicians templates]] & [[Special:Prefixindex/Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Templates]]'' View the template page (link in first column) for details about the template.<br/> {| style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lightgrey"|Discussion entries |- | style="padding: 0.5em" | <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[WP:SUBST|subst]]:[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Templates/Invite contrib]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> | {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Templates/Invite contrib}} |} ===Categories=== {{See also2|[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians/Categorization|WikiProject Musicians/Categorization]]}} {{category tree|WikiProject Musicians}} ====Subpages==== * List of {{subpages}} ===Lists=== ==Project articles== <div style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; "> {{Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Biography (musicians) articles by quality statistics}} </div> ===New articles=== * [[User:Tanneneichhorn/Construction:Catherine_Ashcroft|Catherine Ashcroft (musician)]], ''still in user's namespace'' --[[User:Tanneneichhorn|Tanneneichhorn]] ([[User talk:Tanneneichhorn|talk]]) 18:19, 1 October 2018 (UTC) * [[John Banks (drummer)|John Banks]], drummer for [[The Merseybeats]] [[User:Trekphiler|<span style="font-family: cursive; color: #1DACD6;">TREKphiler</span>]] [[User talk:Trekphiler|<sup style="font-family: cursive; color: #880085;">any time you're ready, Uhura</sup>]] 10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC) * [[Aaron Williams (musician)|Aaron Williams]], early member of [[The Merseybeats]] [[User:Trekphiler|<span style="font-family: cursive; color: #1DACD6;">TREKphiler</span>]] [[User talk:Trekphiler|<sup style="font-family: cursive; color: #880085;">any time you're ready, Uhura</sup>]] 10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC) * [[Tony Crane (musician)|Tony Crane]], co-founder of [[The Merseybeats]] [[User:Trekphiler|<span style="font-family: cursive; color: #1DACD6;">TREKphiler</span>]] [[User talk:Trekphiler|<sup style="font-family: cursive; color: #880085;">any time you're ready, Uhura</sup>]] 10:18, 1 August 2018 (UTC) * [[Giovanni Vailati (musician)]] Italian classical mandolinist [[User:Jacqke|Jacqke]] ([[User talk:Jacqke|talk]]) 16:24, 11 June 2018 (UTC) *[[Danny Wagner (musician)]] [[User:Markworthen|<span style="color:#539; font-family:copperplate gothic">&nbsp; - Mark D Worthen PsyD</span>]] [[User talk:Markworthen|<span style="color:#64B; font-family:times new roman">(talk)</span>]] 21:15, 18 April 2018 (UTC) *[[Yasuo Kuwahara]] [[User:Jacqke|Jacqke]] ([[User talk:Jacqke|talk]]) 18:14, 10 October 2015 (UTC) *[[Giuseppe Anedda]] [[User:Jacqke|Jacqke]] ([[User talk:Jacqke|talk]]) 18:45, 27 September 2015 (UTC) *[[Sylvester Rivers]] - composer, arranger, pianist with long history of high profile session work [[User:Riversco|Riversco]] ([[User talk:Riversco|talk]]) 22:31, 30 April 2015 (UTC) * [[Vicetone]] - Dutch edm dj duo. [[User:CoffeeGiraffe|CoffeeGiraffe]] ([[User talk:CoffeeGiraffe|talk]]) 13:47, 11 February 2015 (UTC) * [[Dick Hyde (musician)]] – under contruction, 11:11, 21 January 2013‎ [[User:Pjoef|p<span style="color: #802400">joe</span>f]] <small>(''[[User talk:Pjoef|talk]]'' • [[Special:Contributions/Pjoef|contribs]])</small> * [[The Discocks]] - needs a lot of work, 00:00, 5 August 2010 [[User:Atallcostsky|Atallcostsky]] * [[Arthur Adams (singer)]] - work in progress, blues guy. <small><span style="border: 1px solid; background-color:darkblue;">[[User:Chzz|'''<span style="background-color:darkblue; color:#FFFFFF"> &nbsp;Chzz&nbsp;</span>''']][[User talk:Chzz|<span style="color:#00008B; background-color:yellow; border: 0px solid; ">&nbsp;►&nbsp;</span>]]</span></small> 17:38, 9 August 2009 (UTC) * [[The Gregory Brothers]]&mdash;creators of the '''Auto-Tune the News''' series. &mdash;[[User:Notyourbroom|Notyourbroom]] ([[User talk:Notyourbroom|<span class="signature-talk">talk</span>]]) 23:59, 16 July 2009 (UTC) * [[Kári Streymoy]] is the [[drum kit|drummer]] for [[Týr (band)|Týr]]. [[ [[User:Blood Lines of Darkness|'''<font face="Jokerman" color="blue"><span style="background:#00CCFF;color:#0066FF;font-size:84%">&nbsp;Demon Hunter Rules</span></font>''']] ]] ([[User talk:Blood Lines of Darkness|<u>'''''talk'''''</u>]]) 16:18, 13 September 2008 (UTC) * [[Alan Walden]] manager of [[September Hase]], [[Lynyrd Skynyrd]], and [[The Outlaws]] [[User:iheartrockers85|iheartrockers85]] 14:15, 02 September 2008 (UTC) * [[Wolfgang Niedecken]] lead singer of the German rock band [[BAP (German band)|BAP]] [[User:Mdebets|Mdebets]] ([[User talk:Mdebets|talk]]) 11:16, 28 March 2008 (UTC) * [[Pete King (British musician)|Pete King]] former drummer of the German rock band [[BAP (German band)|BAP]] [[User:Mdebets|Mdebets]] ([[User talk:Mdebets|talk]]) 13:51, 27 March 2008 (UTC) * [[Jan Dix]] former drummer of the German rock band [[BAP (German band)|BAP]] [[User:Mdebets|Mdebets]] ([[User talk:Mdebets|talk]]) 09:52, 27 March 2008 (UTC) * [[Klaus Heuser]] former guitarist of the German rock band [[BAP (German band)|BAP]] [[User:Mdebets|Mdebets]] ([[User talk:Mdebets|talk]]) 13:26, 26 March 2008 (UTC) * [[Gerald Clayton]], jazz pianist, son of [[John Clayton (bassist)]] and nephew of [[Jeff Clayton]], reed/flute player. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 20:17, 10 March 2008 (UTC) * [[Atsuko Hashimoto]], Japanese Hammond B-3 jazz organist. [[User:Binksternet|Binksternet]] ([[User talk:Binksternet|talk]]) 01:27, 23 February 2008 (UTC) * [[Kate Jacobs]], American Singer/songwriter -- [[User:Nudve|Nudve]] ([[User talk:Nudve|talk]]) 09:08, 7 February 2008 (UTC) * [[Mina (Italian singer)]], Italian singer. --[[User:Erikupoeg]] ([[User talk:Erikupoeg|talk]]) 21:48, 26 January 2008 (GMT) * [[Cristal Marie]], Dominican singer. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 06:23, 21 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Milt Herth]] jazz musician, Hammond organ * [[Andrée Watters]], Quebec pop-rock singer with one Felix award & [[Marie-Élaine Thibert]] Quebec light-rock/pop singer, 2003 [[Star Académie]] finalist, one-time [[Juno Award]] winner and multi-Felix award winner.--[[User:JForget|JForget]] 01:13, 12 August 2007 (UTC) * [[Dead Artist Syndrome]], pioneering Christian goth rock band - [[User:Foetusized|Foetusized]] 23:58, 12 July 2007 (UTC) * [[Georges Thurston]], was a [[Quebec, Canada]], R&B and reggae singer for 30 years. Was also known as Boule Noire. Deceased on June 18, 2007--[[User:JForget|JForget]] 02:41, 22 June 2007 (UTC) * [[Trainwreck Riders]], an alternative country band from [[San Francisco, California]]. Popular in the Bay Area, released their first album last year, and will be performing at the Treasure Island Music Festival this September. -- [[User:R'son-W|R'son-W]] [[User_talk:R'son-W|(speak to me]]/[[Special:Emailuser/R'son-W|breathe)]] 23:32, 21 June 2007 (UTC) * [[Alpinestars (band)|Alpinestars]], a electronic rock band out of [[Manchester]]. They were somewhat popular in the early 2000s when they released their albums ''[[B.A.S.I.C.]]'' and ''[[White Noise (album)|White Noise]]'', and have had several tracks featured in video games such as [[SSX 3]], but have not been heard from since 2003. --[[User:Temporarily Insane|Temporarily Insane]] ([[User talk: Temporarily Insane|talk]]) 15:53, 6 June 2007 (UTC) * [[August Wenzinger]], Swiss [[viola da gamba]] performer, teacher, and pioneer of [[historically informed performance]]. -- [[User:Alarob|ℜob C.]] ''alias'' [[User_talk:Alarob|ⒶⓁⒶⓇⓄⒷ]] 17:53, 26 August 2008 (UTC) * [[Floyd Lloyd]], a [[Jamaican]] [[reggae]] [[singer]] and [[musician]], born in 1948. -- [[User:SoulBrotherNumberOne|SoulBrotherNumberOne]] ([[User talk:SoulBrotherNumberOne|talk]]) 23:24, 13 October 2008 (UTC) * [[Marina Osman]], Belarusian pianist and concertmaster, born 1965 --[[User:Les Yeux Noirs|Les Yeux Noirs]] ([[User talk:Les Yeux Noirs|talk]]) 10:35, 26 November 2017 (UTC) ===Recently added=== <!-- Please place newest articles at the TOP of this list --> *[[Kekele]], [[Congolese rumba]] band --[[User:Sullidav|Sullidav]] ([[User talk:Sullidav|talk]]) 04:28, 10 August 2017 (UTC) *[[Jim Boggia]], [[Philadelphia]] [[singer-songwriter]] --[[User:copana2002|copana2002]] ([[User talk:copana2002|talk]]) 00:38, 22 July 2008 (UTC) * [[Sergey Ryabtsev]], fiddler for [[Gogol Bordello]] --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:35, 21 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Jerusalem (British band)]], 1970s rock band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 20:17, 19 January 2008 (UTC)* [[KEN (band)]], a band of some sort... --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:59, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Imperative Reaction]], American [[electronic music]] band, or something. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:55, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Dismantled]], American [[industrial music]] artist. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:38, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Delaware (band)]], Norwegian [[indie rock]] band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:34, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Bella Morte]], American [[gothic rock]] band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:24, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Assemblage 23]], American [[Synthpop]] artist. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:11, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[And One]], German [[Synthpop]] band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 00:02, 19 January 2008 (UTC) * [[16 Volt]], American [[Industrial music]] band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 23:58, 18 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Longwave (band)]], American [[indie rock]] band. --[[User:Zytsef|Zytsef]] ([[User talk:Zytsef|talk]]) 02:49, 17 January 2008 (UTC) * [[Halfway to Gone]], American [[Stoner Rock]] band -- [[User:Nudve|Nudve]] ([[User talk:Nudve|talk]]) 15:31, 6 January 2008 (UTC) <div style="border: 2px solid #484898; background: #FFF; padding: 1ex 1ex 1ex 1.5ex; margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px; font-size: 90%"> <div style="border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; font-size: 110%">'''Arts and Entertainment Work Group – Musicians'''</div> The Arts and Entertainment Work Group – Musicians is a working group of members of the Biography WikiProject dedicated to ensuring quality and coverage of biography articles. <br /> <div style="border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px;">'''Related Projects'''</div> Since biographies are potentially under the purview of almost all WikiProjects, it is important that we work in tandem with these projects. Also, when seeking collaboration on articles, don't neglect to approach WikiProjects that are part of the geographical region your subject is/was in. Some musicians have WikiProjects dedicated to them and these WikiProjects generally consider themselves responsible for the biographical articles within their scope. <!--LIST ANY RELATED PROJECTS. DON'T FORGET COUNTRIES TOO.--> * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Guitarists|WikiProject Guitarists]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Composers|WikiProject Composers]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Elvis Presley]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lady Gaga]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Beatles|The Beatles]] ({{WP1|The Beatles}}) * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The Clash|The Clash]] ({{WP1|The Clash}}) * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF|The KLF]] ({{WP1|The KLF}}) * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Pink Floyd|Pink Floyd]] ({{WP1|Pink Floyd}}) * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Queen|Queen]] ({{WP1|Queen}}) <div style="border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px;">'''Related Portals'''</div> Increase the exposure of our work group by nominating our articles for their Portal FA and DYKs. Of course, don't forget the main portal, [[Portal:Arts]] <!--LIST ANY RELATED PROJECTS. DON'T FORGET COUNTRIES TOO. USE • TO SEPARATE MULTIPLE PORTALS--> * [[Portal:Music]] ** [[Portal:Rock music]] <div style="border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px;">'''Articles'''</div> * '''FAs:''' ** See [[:Category:FA-Class biography (musicians) articles]] * '''GAs:''' ** See [[:Category:GA-Class biography (musicians) articles]] <div style="border-bottom: 2px dotted #484898; margin-top:5px;">'''Announcements/To do''' (<small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography/Arts and entertainment/Musicians announcements|action=edit}} edit]</small>)</div> <!--Directions:Change the words in all caps to the name of your division. After saving this, click on the red link this creates and put in announcements and save. Copy the full page name and come back to this page and erase the link and replace it with a transclusion, as in the China sample below. You need to also replace the edit link above with this page also. --> {{Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Arts and entertainment/Musicians announcements}} <small>Add this to-do list to your User page! <nowiki>{{Wikipedia:WikiProject_Biography/Arts and entertainment/Musicians announcements}}</nowiki></small> </div> {{WikiProject Music/Related WikiProjects}} {{Help navigation}} {{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}} {{WikiProject Footer}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Musicians}} [[Category:WikiProject Music|Musicians]] [[Category:WikiProject Musicians| ]] 7yptuedci77xlp0by9801elxc2guezx 828 8792 75095 2021-02-19T05:08:15Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "-- Date functions for use by other modules. -- I18N and time zones are not supported. local MINUS = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN local floor = math.floor local Date,..." Scribunto text/plain -- Date functions for use by other modules. -- I18N and time zones are not supported. local MINUS = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN local floor = math.floor local Date, DateDiff, diffmt -- forward declarations local uniq = { 'unique identifier' } local function is_date(t) -- The system used to make a date read-only means there is no unique -- metatable that is conveniently accessible to check. return type(t) == 'table' and t._id == uniq end local function is_diff(t) return type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == diffmt end local function _list_join(list, sep) return table.concat(list, sep) end local function collection() -- Return a table to hold items. return { n = 0, add = function (self, item) self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end, join = _list_join, } end local function strip_to_nil(text) -- If text is a string, return its trimmed content, or nil if empty. -- Otherwise return text (convenient when Date fields are provided from -- another module which may pass a string, a number, or another type). if type(text) == 'string' then text = text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end return text end local function is_leap_year(year, calname) -- Return true if year is a leap year. if calname == 'Julian' then return year % 4 == 0 end return (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 ~= 0) or year % 400 == 0 end local function days_in_month(year, month, calname) -- Return number of days (1..31) in given month (1..12). if month == 2 and is_leap_year(year, calname) then return 29 end return ({ 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 })[month] end local function h_m_s(time) -- Return hour, minute, second extracted from fraction of a day. time = floor(time * 24 * 3600 + 0.5) -- number of seconds local second = time % 60 time = floor(time / 60) return floor(time / 60), time % 60, second end local function hms(date) -- Return fraction of a day from date's time, where (0 <= fraction < 1) -- if the values are valid, but could be anything if outside range. return (date.hour + (date.minute + date.second / 60) / 60) / 24 end local function julian_date(date) -- Return jd, jdz from a Julian or Gregorian calendar date where -- jd = Julian date and its fractional part is zero at noon -- jdz = same, but assume time is 00:00:00 if no time given -- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula -- Testing shows this works for all dates from year -9999 to 9999! -- JDN 0 is the 24-hour period starting at noon UTC on Monday -- 1 January 4713 BC = (-4712, 1, 1) Julian calendar -- 24 November 4714 BC = (-4713, 11, 24) Gregorian calendar local offset local a = floor((14 - date.month)/12) local y = date.year + 4800 - a if date.calendar == 'Julian' then offset = floor(y/4) - 32083 else offset = floor(y/4) - floor(y/100) + floor(y/400) - 32045 end local m = date.month + 12*a - 3 local jd = date.day + floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 365*y + offset if date.hastime then jd = jd + hms(date) - 0.5 return jd, jd end return jd, jd - 0.5 end local function set_date_from_jd(date) -- Set the fields of table date from its Julian date field. -- Return true if date is valid. -- http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/julperiod.php#formula -- This handles the proleptic Julian and Gregorian calendars. -- Negative Julian dates are not defined but they work. local calname = date.calendar local low, high -- min/max limits for date ranges −9999-01-01 to 9999-12-31 if calname == 'Gregorian' then low, high = -1930999.5, 5373484.49999 elseif calname == 'Julian' then low, high = -1931076.5, 5373557.49999 else return end local jd = date.jd if not (type(jd) == 'number' and low <= jd and jd <= high) then return end local jdn = floor(jd) if date.hastime then local time = jd - jdn -- 0 <= time < 1 if time >= 0.5 then -- if at or after midnight of next day jdn = jdn + 1 time = time - 0.5 else time = time + 0.5 end date.hour, date.minute, date.second = h_m_s(time) else date.second = 0 date.minute = 0 date.hour = 0 end local b, c if calname == 'Julian' then b = 0 c = jdn + 32082 else -- Gregorian local a = jdn + 32044 b = floor((4*a + 3)/146097) c = a - floor(146097*b/4) end local d = floor((4*c + 3)/1461) local e = c - floor(1461*d/4) local m = floor((5*e + 2)/153) date.day = e - floor((153*m + 2)/5) + 1 date.month = m + 3 - 12*floor(m/10) date.year = 100*b + d - 4800 + floor(m/10) return true end local function fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, partial, hastime, calendar) -- Put the result of normalizing the given values in table numbers. -- The result will have valid m, d values if y is valid; caller checks y. -- The logic of PHP mktime is followed where m or d can be zero to mean -- the previous unit, and -1 is the one before that, etc. -- Positive values carry forward. local date if not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then date = Date(y, 1, 1) if not date then return end date = date + ((m - 1) .. 'm') y, m = date.year, date.month end local days_hms if not partial then if hastime and H and M and S then if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and 0 <= M and M <= 59 and 0 <= S and S <= 59) then days_hms = hms({ hour = H, minute = M, second = S }) end end if days_hms or not (1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, calendar)) then date = date or Date(y, m, 1) if not date then return end date = date + (d - 1 + (days_hms or 0)) y, m, d = date.year, date.month, date.day if days_hms then H, M, S = date.hour, date.minute, date.second end end end numbers.year = y numbers.month = m numbers.day = d if days_hms then -- Don't set H unless it was valid because a valid H will set hastime. numbers.hour = H numbers.minute = M numbers.second = S end end local function set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options) -- Set the fields of table date from numeric values. -- Return true if date is valid. if type(numbers) ~= 'table' then return end local y = numbers.year or date.year local m = numbers.month or date.month local d = numbers.day or date.day local H = numbers.hour local M = numbers.minute or date.minute or 0 local S = numbers.second or date.second or 0 local need_fix if y and m and d then date.partial = nil if not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999 and 1 <= m and m <= 12 and 1 <= d and d <= days_in_month(y, m, date.calendar)) then if not date.want_fix then return end need_fix = true end elseif y and date.partial then if d or not (-9999 <= y and y <= 9999) then return end if m and not (1 <= m and m <= 12) then if not date.want_fix then return end need_fix = true end else return end if date.partial then H = nil -- ignore any time M = nil S = nil else if H then -- It is not possible to set M or S without also setting H. date.hastime = true else H = 0 end if not (0 <= H and H <= 23 and 0 <= M and M <= 59 and 0 <= S and S <= 59) then if date.want_fix then need_fix = true else return end end end date.want_fix = nil if need_fix then fix_numbers(numbers, y, m, d, H, M, S, date.partial, date.hastime, date.calendar) return set_date_from_numbers(date, numbers, options) end date.year = y -- -9999 to 9999 ('n BC' → year = 1 - n) date.month = m -- 1 to 12 (may be nil if partial) date.day = d -- 1 to 31 (* = nil if partial) date.hour = H -- 0 to 59 (*) date.minute = M -- 0 to 59 (*) date.second = S -- 0 to 59 (*) if type(options) == 'table' then for _, k in ipairs({ 'am', 'era', 'format' }) do if options[k] then date.options[k] = options[k] end end end return true end local function make_option_table(options1, options2) -- If options1 is a string, return a table with its settings, or -- if it is a table, use its settings. -- Missing options are set from table options2 or defaults. -- If a default is used, a flag is set so caller knows the value was not intentionally set. -- Valid option settings are: -- am: 'am', 'a.m.', 'AM', 'A.M.' -- 'pm', 'p.m.', 'PM', 'P.M.' (each has same meaning as corresponding item above) -- era: 'BCMINUS', 'BCNEGATIVE', 'BC', 'B.C.', 'BCE', 'B.C.E.', 'AD', 'A.D.', 'CE', 'C.E.' -- Option am = 'am' does not mean the hour is AM; it means 'am' or 'pm' is used, depending on the hour, -- and am = 'pm' has the same meaning. -- Similarly, era = 'BC' means 'BC' is used if year <= 0. -- BCMINUS displays a MINUS if year < 0 and the display format does not include %{era}. -- BCNEGATIVE is similar but displays a hyphen. local result = { bydefault = {} } if type(options1) == 'table' then result.am = options1.am result.era = options1.era elseif type(options1) == 'string' then -- Example: 'am:AM era:BC' or 'am=AM era=BC'. for item in options1:gmatch('%S+') do local lhs, rhs = item:match('^(%w+)[:=](.+)$') if lhs then result[lhs] = rhs end end end options2 = type(options2) == 'table' and options2 or {} local defaults = { am = 'am', era = 'BC' } for k, v in pairs(defaults) do if not result[k] then if options2[k] then result[k] = options2[k] else result[k] = v result.bydefault[k] = true end end end return result end local ampm_options = { -- lhs = input text accepted as an am/pm option -- rhs = code used internally ['am'] = 'am', ['AM'] = 'AM', ['a.m.'] = 'a.m.', ['A.M.'] = 'A.M.', ['pm'] = 'am', -- same as am ['PM'] = 'AM', ['p.m.'] = 'a.m.', ['P.M.'] = 'A.M.', } local era_text = { -- Text for displaying an era with a positive year (after adjusting -- by replacing year with 1 - year if date.year <= 0). -- options.era = { year<=0 , year>0 } ['BCMINUS'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true, sign = MINUS }, ['BCNEGATIVE'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true, sign = '-' }, ['BC'] = { 'BC' , '' , isbc = true }, ['B.C.'] = { 'B.C.' , '' , isbc = true }, ['BCE'] = { 'BCE' , '' , isbc = true }, ['B.C.E.'] = { 'B.C.E.', '' , isbc = true }, ['AD'] = { 'BC' , 'AD' }, ['A.D.'] = { 'B.C.' , 'A.D.' }, ['CE'] = { 'BCE' , 'CE' }, ['C.E.'] = { 'B.C.E.', 'C.E.' }, } local function get_era_for_year(era, year) return (era_text[era] or era_text['BC'])[year > 0 and 2 or 1] or '' end local function strftime(date, format, options) -- Return date formatted as a string using codes similar to those -- in the C strftime library function. local sformat = string.format local shortcuts = { ['%c'] = '%-I:%M %p %-d %B %-Y %{era}', -- date and time: 2:30 pm 1 April 2016 ['%x'] = '%-d %B %-Y %{era}', -- date: 1 April 2016 ['%X'] = '%-I:%M %p', -- time: 2:30 pm } if shortcuts[format] then format = shortcuts[format] end local codes = { a = { field = 'dayabbr' }, A = { field = 'dayname' }, b = { field = 'monthabbr' }, B = { field = 'monthname' }, u = { fmt = '%d' , field = 'dowiso' }, w = { fmt = '%d' , field = 'dow' }, d = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'day' }, m = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'month' }, Y = { fmt = '%04d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'year' }, H = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour' }, M = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'minute' }, S = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'second' }, j = { fmt = '%03d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'dayofyear' }, I = { fmt = '%02d', fmt2 = '%d', field = 'hour', special = 'hour12' }, p = { field = 'hour', special = 'am' }, } options = make_option_table(options, date.options) local amopt = options.am local eraopt = options.era local function replace_code(spaces, modifier, id) local code = codes[id] if code then local fmt = code.fmt if modifier == '-' and code.fmt2 then fmt = code.fmt2 end local value = date[code.field] if not value then return nil -- an undefined field in a partial date end local special = code.special if special then if special == 'hour12' then value = value % 12 value = value == 0 and 12 or value elseif special == 'am' then local ap = ({ ['a.m.'] = { 'a.m.', 'p.m.' }, ['AM'] = { 'AM', 'PM' }, ['A.M.'] = { 'A.M.', 'P.M.' }, })[ampm_options[amopt]] or { 'am', 'pm' } return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. (value < 12 and ap[1] or ap[2]) end end if code.field == 'year' then local sign = (era_text[eraopt] or {}).sign if not sign or format:find('%{era}', 1, true) then sign = '' if value <= 0 then value = 1 - value end else if value >= 0 then sign = '' else value = -value end end return spaces .. sign .. sformat(fmt, value) end return spaces .. (fmt and sformat(fmt, value) or value) end end local function replace_property(spaces, id) if id == 'era' then -- Special case so can use local era option. local result = get_era_for_year(eraopt, date.year) if result == '' then return '' end return (spaces == '' and '' or '&nbsp;') .. result end local result = date[id] if type(result) == 'string' then return spaces .. result end if type(result) == 'number' then return spaces .. tostring(result) end if type(result) == 'boolean' then return spaces .. (result and '1' or '0') end -- This occurs if id is an undefined field in a partial date, or is the name of a function. return nil end local PERCENT = '\127PERCENT\127' return (format :gsub('%%%%', PERCENT) :gsub('(%s*)%%{(%w+)}', replace_property) :gsub('(%s*)%%(%-?)(%a)', replace_code) :gsub(PERCENT, '%%') ) end local function _date_text(date, fmt, options) -- Return a formatted string representing the given date. if not is_date(date) then error('date:text: need a date (use "date:text()" with a colon)', 2) end if type(fmt) == 'string' and fmt:match('%S') then if fmt:find('%', 1, true) then return strftime(date, fmt, options) end elseif date.partial then fmt = date.month and 'my' or 'y' else fmt = 'dmy' if date.hastime then fmt = (date.second > 0 and 'hms ' or 'hm ') .. fmt end end local function bad_format() -- For consistency with other format processing, return given format -- (or cleaned format if original was not a string) if invalid. return mw.text.nowiki(fmt) end if date.partial then -- Ignore days in standard formats like 'ymd'. if fmt == 'ym' or fmt == 'ymd' then fmt = date.month and '%Y-%m %{era}' or '%Y %{era}' elseif fmt == 'my' or fmt == 'dmy' or fmt == 'mdy' then fmt = date.month and '%B %-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}' elseif fmt == 'y' then fmt = date.month and '%-Y %{era}' or '%-Y %{era}' else return bad_format() end return strftime(date, fmt, options) end local function hm_fmt() local plain = make_option_table(options, date.options).bydefault.am return plain and '%H:%M' or '%-I:%M %p' end local need_time = date.hastime local t = collection() for item in fmt:gmatch('%S+') do local f if item == 'hm' then f = hm_fmt() need_time = false elseif item == 'hms' then f = '%H:%M:%S' need_time = false elseif item == 'ymd' then f = '%Y-%m-%d %{era}' elseif item == 'mdy' then f = '%B %-d, %-Y %{era}' elseif item == 'dmy' then f = '%-d %B %-Y %{era}' else return bad_format() end t:add(f) end fmt = t:join(' ') if need_time then fmt = hm_fmt() .. ' ' .. fmt end return strftime(date, fmt, options) end local day_info = { -- 0=Sun to 6=Sat [0] = { 'Sun', 'Sunday' }, { 'Mon', 'Monday' }, { 'Tue', 'Tuesday' }, { 'Wed', 'Wednesday' }, { 'Thu', 'Thursday' }, { 'Fri', 'Friday' }, { 'Sat', 'Saturday' }, } local month_info = { -- 1=Jan to 12=Dec { 'Jan', 'January' }, { 'Feb', 'February' }, { 'Mar', 'March' }, { 'Apr', 'April' }, { 'May', 'May' }, { 'Jun', 'June' }, { 'Jul', 'July' }, { 'Aug', 'August' }, { 'Sep', 'September' }, { 'Oct', 'October' }, { 'Nov', 'November' }, { 'Dec', 'December' }, } local function name_to_number(text, translate) if type(text) == 'string' then return translate[text:lower()] end end local function day_number(text) return name_to_number(text, { sun = 0, sunday = 0, mon = 1, monday = 1, tue = 2, tuesday = 2, wed = 3, wednesday = 3, thu = 4, thursday = 4, fri = 5, friday = 5, sat = 6, saturday = 6, }) end local function month_number(text) return name_to_number(text, { jan = 1, january = 1, feb = 2, february = 2, mar = 3, march = 3, apr = 4, april = 4, may = 5, jun = 6, june = 6, jul = 7, july = 7, aug = 8, august = 8, sep = 9, september = 9, sept = 9, oct = 10, october = 10, nov = 11, november = 11, dec = 12, december = 12, }) end local function _list_text(list, fmt) -- Return a list of formatted strings from a list of dates. if not type(list) == 'table' then error('date:list:text: need "list:text()" with a colon', 2) end local result = { join = _list_join } for i, date in ipairs(list) do result[i] = date:text(fmt) end return result end local function _date_list(date, spec) -- Return a possibly empty numbered table of dates meeting the specification. -- Dates in the list are in ascending order (oldest date first). -- The spec should be a string of form "<count> <day> <op>" -- where each item is optional and -- count = number of items wanted in list -- day = abbreviation or name such as Mon or Monday -- op = >, >=, <, <= (default is > meaning after date) -- If no count is given, the list is for the specified days in date's month. -- The default day is date's day. -- The spec can also be a positive or negative number: -- -5 is equivalent to '5 <' -- 5 is equivalent to '5' which is '5 >' if not is_date(date) then error('date:list: need a date (use "date:list()" with a colon)', 2) end local list = { text = _list_text } if date.partial then return list end local count, offset, operation local ops = { ['>='] = { before = false, include = true }, ['>'] = { before = false, include = false }, ['<='] = { before = true , include = true }, ['<'] = { before = true , include = false }, } if spec then if type(spec) == 'number' then count = floor(spec + 0.5) if count < 0 then count = -count operation = ops['<'] end elseif type(spec) == 'string' then local num, day, op = spec:match('^%s*(%d*)%s*(%a*)%s*([<>=]*)%s*$') if not num then return list end if num ~= '' then count = tonumber(num) end if day ~= '' then local dow = day_number(day:gsub('[sS]$', '')) -- accept plural days if not dow then return list end offset = dow - date.dow end operation = ops[op] else return list end end offset = offset or 0 operation = operation or ops['>'] local datefrom, dayfirst, daylast if operation.before then if offset > 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then offset = offset - 7 end if count then if count > 1 then offset = offset - 7*(count - 1) end datefrom = date + offset else daylast = date.day + offset dayfirst = daylast % 7 if dayfirst == 0 then dayfirst = 7 end end else if offset < 0 or (offset == 0 and not operation.include) then offset = offset + 7 end if count then datefrom = date + offset else dayfirst = date.day + offset daylast = date.monthdays end end if not count then if daylast < dayfirst then return list end count = floor((daylast - dayfirst)/7) + 1 datefrom = Date(date, {day = dayfirst}) end for i = 1, count do if not datefrom then break end -- exceeds date limits list[i] = datefrom datefrom = datefrom + 7 end return list end -- A table to get the current date/time (UTC), but only if needed. local current = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (self, key) local d = os.date('!*t') self.year = d.year self.month = d.month self.day = d.day self.hour = d.hour self.minute = d.min self.second = d.sec return rawget(self, key) end }) local function extract_date(newdate, text) -- Parse the date/time in text and return n, o where -- n = table of numbers with date/time fields -- o = table of options for AM/PM or AD/BC or format, if any -- or return nothing if date is known to be invalid. -- Caller determines if the values in n are valid. -- A year must be positive ('1' to '9999'); use 'BC' for BC. -- In a y-m-d string, the year must be four digits to avoid ambiguity -- ('0001' to '9999'). The only way to enter year <= 0 is by specifying -- the date as three numeric parameters like ymd Date(-1, 1, 1). -- Dates of form d/m/y, m/d/y, y/m/d are rejected as potentially ambiguous. local date, options = {}, {} if text:sub(-1) == 'Z' then -- Extract date/time from a Wikidata timestamp. -- The year can be 1 to 16 digits but this module handles 1 to 4 digits only. -- Examples: '+2016-06-21T14:30:00Z', '-0000000180-00-00T00:00:00Z'. local sign, y, m, d, H, M, S = text:match('^([+%-])(%d+)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)T(%d%d):(%d%d):(%d%d)Z$') if sign then y = tonumber(y) if sign == '-' and y > 0 then y = -y end if y <= 0 then options.era = 'BCE' end date.year = y m = tonumber(m) d = tonumber(d) H = tonumber(H) M = tonumber(M) S = tonumber(S) if m == 0 then newdate.partial = true return date, options end date.month = m if d == 0 then newdate.partial = true return date, options end date.day = d if H > 0 or M > 0 or S > 0 then date.hour = H date.minute = M date.second = S end return date, options end return end local function extract_ymd(item) -- Called when no day or month has been set. local y, m, d = item:match('^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%w+)%-(%d%d?)$') if y then if date.year then return end if m:match('^%d%d?$') then m = tonumber(m) else m = month_number(m) end if m then date.year = tonumber(y) date.month = m date.day = tonumber(d) return true end end end local function extract_day_or_year(item) -- Called when a day would be valid, or -- when a year would be valid if no year has been set and partial is set. local number, suffix = item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)(.*)$') if number then local n = tonumber(number) if #number <= 2 and n <= 31 then suffix = suffix:lower() if suffix == '' or suffix == 'st' or suffix == 'nd' or suffix == 'rd' or suffix == 'th' then date.day = n return true end elseif suffix == '' and newdate.partial and not date.year then date.year = n return true end end end local function extract_month(item) -- A month must be given as a name or abbreviation; a number could be ambiguous. local m = month_number(item) if m then date.month = m return true end end local function extract_time(item) local h, m, s = item:match('^(%d%d?):(%d%d)(:?%d*)$') if date.hour or not h then return end if s ~= '' then s = s:match('^:(%d%d)$') if not s then return end end date.hour = tonumber(h) date.minute = tonumber(m) date.second = tonumber(s) -- nil if empty string return true end local item_count = 0 local index_time local function set_ampm(item) local H = date.hour if H and not options.am and index_time + 1 == item_count then options.am = ampm_options[item] -- caller checked this is not nil if item:match('^[Aa]') then if not (1 <= H and H <= 12) then return end if H == 12 then date.hour = 0 end else if not (1 <= H and H <= 23) then return end if H <= 11 then date.hour = H + 12 end end return true end end for item in text:gsub(',', ' '):gsub('&nbsp;', ' '):gmatch('%S+') do item_count = item_count + 1 if era_text[item] then -- Era is accepted in peculiar places. if options.era then return end options.era = item elseif ampm_options[item] then if not set_ampm(item) then return end elseif item:find(':', 1, true) then if not extract_time(item) then return end index_time = item_count elseif date.day and date.month then if date.year then return -- should be nothing more so item is invalid end if not item:match('^(%d%d?%d?%d?)$') then return end date.year = tonumber(item) elseif date.day then if not extract_month(item) then return end elseif date.month then if not extract_day_or_year(item) then return end elseif extract_month(item) then options.format = 'mdy' elseif extract_ymd(item) then options.format = 'ymd' elseif extract_day_or_year(item) then if date.day then options.format = 'dmy' end else return end end if not date.year or date.year == 0 then return end local era = era_text[options.era] if era and era.isbc then date.year = 1 - date.year end return date, options end local function autofill(date1, date2) -- Fill any missing month or day in each date using the -- corresponding component from the other date, if present, -- or with 1 if both dates are missing the month or day. -- This gives a good result for calculating the difference -- between two partial dates when no range is wanted. -- Return filled date1, date2 (two full dates). local function filled(a, b) -- Return date a filled, if necessary, with month and/or day from date b. -- The filled day is truncated to fit the number of days in the month. local fillmonth, fillday if not a.month then fillmonth = b.month or 1 end if not a.day then fillday = b.day or 1 end if fillmonth or fillday then -- need to create a new date a = Date(a, { month = fillmonth, day = math.min(fillday or a.day, days_in_month(a.year, fillmonth or a.month, a.calendar)) }) end return a end return filled(date1, date2), filled(date2, date1) end local function date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, is_sub) -- Return a new date from calculating (lhs + rhs) or (lhs - rhs), -- or return nothing if invalid. -- The result is nil if the calculated date exceeds allowable limits. -- Caller ensures that lhs is a date; its properties are copied for the new date. if lhs.partial then -- Adding to a partial is not supported. -- Can subtract a date or partial from a partial, but this is not called for that. return end local function is_prefix(text, word, minlen) local n = #text return (minlen or 1) <= n and n <= #word and text == word:sub(1, n) end local function do_days(n) local forcetime, jd if floor(n) == n then jd = lhs.jd else forcetime = not lhs.hastime jd = lhs.jdz end jd = jd + (is_sub and -n or n) if forcetime then jd = tostring(jd) if not jd:find('.', 1, true) then jd = jd .. '.0' end end return Date(lhs, 'juliandate', jd) end if type(rhs) == 'number' then -- Add/subtract days, including fractional days. return do_days(rhs) end if type(rhs) == 'string' then -- rhs is a single component like '26m' or '26 months' (with optional sign). -- Fractions like '3.25d' are accepted for the units which are handled as days. local sign, numstr, id = rhs:match('^%s*([+-]?)([%d%.]+)%s*(%a+)$') if sign then if sign == '-' then is_sub = not (is_sub and true or false) end local y, m, days local num = tonumber(numstr) if not num then return end id = id:lower() if is_prefix(id, 'years') then y = num m = 0 elseif is_prefix(id, 'months') then y = floor(num / 12) m = num % 12 elseif is_prefix(id, 'weeks') then days = num * 7 elseif is_prefix(id, 'days') then days = num elseif is_prefix(id, 'hours') then days = num / 24 elseif is_prefix(id, 'minutes', 3) then days = num / (24 * 60) elseif is_prefix(id, 'seconds') then days = num / (24 * 3600) else return end if days then return do_days(days) end if numstr:find('.', 1, true) then return end if is_sub then y = -y m = -m end assert(-11 <= m and m <= 11) y = lhs.year + y m = lhs.month + m if m > 12 then y = y + 1 m = m - 12 elseif m < 1 then y = y - 1 m = m + 12 end local d = math.min(lhs.day, days_in_month(y, m, lhs.calendar)) return Date(lhs, y, m, d) end end if is_diff(rhs) then local days = rhs.age_days if (is_sub or false) ~= (rhs.isnegative or false) then days = -days end return lhs + days end end local full_date_only = { dayabbr = true, dayname = true, dow = true, dayofweek = true, dowiso = true, dayofweekiso = true, dayofyear = true, gsd = true, juliandate = true, jd = true, jdz = true, jdnoon = true, } -- Metatable for a date's calculated fields. local datemt = { __index = function (self, key) if rawget(self, 'partial') then if full_date_only[key] then return end if key == 'monthabbr' or key == 'monthdays' or key == 'monthname' then if not self.month then return end end end local value if key == 'dayabbr' then value = day_info[self.dow][1] elseif key == 'dayname' then value = day_info[self.dow][2] elseif key == 'dow' then value = (self.jdnoon + 1) % 7 -- day-of-week 0=Sun to 6=Sat elseif key == 'dayofweek' then value = self.dow elseif key == 'dowiso' then value = (self.jdnoon % 7) + 1 -- ISO day-of-week 1=Mon to 7=Sun elseif key == 'dayofweekiso' then value = self.dowiso elseif key == 'dayofyear' then local first = Date(self.year, 1, 1, self.calendar).jdnoon value = self.jdnoon - first + 1 -- day-of-year 1 to 366 elseif key == 'era' then -- Era text (never a negative sign) from year and options. value = get_era_for_year(self.options.era, self.year) elseif key == 'format' then value = self.options.format or 'dmy' elseif key == 'gsd' then -- GSD = 1 from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 on 1 January 1 AD Gregorian calendar, -- which is from jd 1721425.5 to 1721426.49999. value = floor(self.jd - 1721424.5) elseif key == 'juliandate' or key == 'jd' or key == 'jdz' then local jd, jdz = julian_date(self) rawset(self, 'juliandate', jd) rawset(self, 'jd', jd) rawset(self, 'jdz', jdz) return key == 'jdz' and jdz or jd elseif key == 'jdnoon' then -- Julian date at noon (an integer) on the calendar day when jd occurs. value = floor(self.jd + 0.5) elseif key == 'isleapyear' then value = is_leap_year(self.year, self.calendar) elseif key == 'monthabbr' then value = month_info[self.month][1] elseif key == 'monthdays' then value = days_in_month(self.year, self.month, self.calendar) elseif key == 'monthname' then value = month_info[self.month][2] end if value ~= nil then rawset(self, key, value) return value end end, } -- Date operators. local function mt_date_add(lhs, rhs) if not is_date(lhs) then lhs, rhs = rhs, lhs -- put date on left (it must be a date for this to have been called) end return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs) end local function mt_date_sub(lhs, rhs) if is_date(lhs) then if is_date(rhs) then return DateDiff(lhs, rhs) end return date_add_sub(lhs, rhs, true) end end local function mt_date_concat(lhs, rhs) return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs) end local function mt_date_tostring(self) return self:text() end local function mt_date_eq(lhs, rhs) -- Return true if dates identify same date/time where, for example, -- Date(-4712, 1, 1, 'Julian') == Date(-4713, 11, 24, 'Gregorian') is true. -- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod. if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then -- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date. -- The months may both be nil, but must be the same. return lhs.year == rhs.year and lhs.month == rhs.month and lhs.calendar == rhs.calendar end return lhs.jdz == rhs.jdz end local function mt_date_lt(lhs, rhs) -- Return true if lhs < rhs, for example, -- Date('1 Jan 2016') < Date('06:00 1 Jan 2016') is true. -- This is called only if lhs and rhs have the same type and the same metamethod. if lhs.partial or rhs.partial then -- One date is partial; the other is a partial or a full date. if lhs.calendar ~= rhs.calendar then return lhs.calendar == 'Julian' end if lhs.partial then lhs = lhs.partial.first end if rhs.partial then rhs = rhs.partial.first end end return lhs.jdz < rhs.jdz end --[[ Examples of syntax to construct a date: Date(y, m, d, 'julian') default calendar is 'gregorian' Date(y, m, d, H, M, S, 'julian') Date('juliandate', jd, 'julian') if jd contains "." text output includes H:M:S Date('currentdate') Date('currentdatetime') Date('1 April 1995', 'julian') parse date from text Date('1 April 1995 AD', 'julian') using an era sets a flag to do the same for output Date('04:30:59 1 April 1995', 'julian') Date(date) copy of an existing date Date(date, t) same, updated with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t Date(t) date with y,m,d,H,M,S fields from table t ]] function Date(...) -- for forward declaration above -- Return a table holding a date assuming a uniform calendar always applies -- (proleptic Gregorian calendar or proleptic Julian calendar), or -- return nothing if date is invalid. -- A partial date has a valid year, however its month may be nil, and -- its day and time fields are nil. -- Field partial is set to false (if a full date) or a table (if a partial date). local calendars = { julian = 'Julian', gregorian = 'Gregorian' } local newdate = { _id = uniq, calendar = 'Gregorian', -- default is Gregorian calendar hastime = false, -- true if input sets a time hour = 0, -- always set hour/minute/second so don't have to handle nil minute = 0, second = 0, options = {}, list = _date_list, subtract = function (self, rhs, options) return DateDiff(self, rhs, options) end, text = _date_text, } local argtype, datetext, is_copy, jd_number, tnums local numindex = 0 local numfields = { 'year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second' } local numbers = {} for _, v in ipairs({...}) do v = strip_to_nil(v) local vlower = type(v) == 'string' and v:lower() or nil if v == nil then -- Ignore empty arguments after stripping so modules can directly pass template parameters. elseif calendars[vlower] then newdate.calendar = calendars[vlower] elseif vlower == 'partial' then newdate.partial = true elseif vlower == 'fix' then newdate.want_fix = true elseif is_date(v) then -- Copy existing date (items can be overridden by other arguments). if is_copy or tnums then return end is_copy = true newdate.calendar = v.calendar newdate.partial = v.partial newdate.hastime = v.hastime newdate.options = v.options newdate.year = v.year newdate.month = v.month newdate.day = v.day newdate.hour = v.hour newdate.minute = v.minute newdate.second = v.second elseif type(v) == 'table' then if tnums then return end tnums = {} local tfields = { year=1, month=1, day=1, hour=2, minute=2, second=2 } for tk, tv in pairs(v) do if tfields[tk] then tnums[tk] = tonumber(tv) end if tfields[tk] == 2 then newdate.hastime = true end end else local num = tonumber(v) if not num and argtype == 'setdate' and numindex == 1 then num = month_number(v) end if num then if not argtype then argtype = 'setdate' end if argtype == 'setdate' and numindex < 6 then numindex = numindex + 1 numbers[numfields[numindex]] = num elseif argtype == 'juliandate' and not jd_number then jd_number = num if type(v) == 'string' then if v:find('.', 1, true) then newdate.hastime = true end elseif num ~= floor(num) then -- The given value was a number. The time will be used -- if the fractional part is nonzero. newdate.hastime = true end else return end elseif argtype then return elseif type(v) == 'string' then if v == 'currentdate' or v == 'currentdatetime' or v == 'juliandate' then argtype = v else argtype = 'datetext' datetext = v end else return end end end if argtype == 'datetext' then if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, extract_date(newdate, datetext)) then return end elseif argtype == 'juliandate' then newdate.partial = nil newdate.jd = jd_number if not set_date_from_jd(newdate) then return end elseif argtype == 'currentdate' or argtype == 'currentdatetime' then newdate.partial = nil newdate.year = current.year newdate.month = current.month newdate.day = current.day if argtype == 'currentdatetime' then newdate.hour = current.hour newdate.minute = current.minute newdate.second = current.second newdate.hastime = true end newdate.calendar = 'Gregorian' -- ignore any given calendar name elseif argtype == 'setdate' then if tnums or not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, numbers) then return end elseif not (is_copy or tnums) then return end if tnums then newdate.jd = nil -- force recalculation in case jd was set before changes from tnums if not set_date_from_numbers(newdate, tnums) then return end end if newdate.partial then local year = newdate.year local month = newdate.month local first = Date(year, month or 1, 1, newdate.calendar) month = month or 12 local last = Date(year, month, days_in_month(year, month), newdate.calendar) newdate.partial = { first = first, last = last } else newdate.partial = false -- avoid index lookup end setmetatable(newdate, datemt) local readonly = {} local mt = { __index = newdate, __newindex = function(t, k, v) error('date.' .. tostring(k) .. ' is read-only', 2) end, __add = mt_date_add, __sub = mt_date_sub, __concat = mt_date_concat, __tostring = mt_date_tostring, __eq = mt_date_eq, __lt = mt_date_lt, } return setmetatable(readonly, mt) end local function _diff_age(diff, code, options) -- Return a tuple of integer values from diff as specified by code, except that -- each integer may be a list of two integers for a diff with a partial date, or -- return nil if the code is not supported. -- If want round, the least significant unit is rounded to nearest whole unit. -- For a duration, an extra day is added. local wantround, wantduration, wantrange if type(options) == 'table' then wantround = options.round wantduration = options.duration wantrange = options.range else wantround = options end if not is_diff(diff) then local f = wantduration and 'duration' or 'age' error(f .. ': need a date difference (use "diff:' .. f .. '()" with a colon)', 2) end if diff.partial then -- Ignore wantround, wantduration. local function choose(v) if type(v) == 'table' then if not wantrange or v[1] == v[2] then -- Example: Date('partial', 2005) - Date('partial', 2001) gives -- diff.years = { 3, 4 } to show the range of possible results. -- If do not want a range, choose the second value as more expected. return v[2] end end return v end if code == 'ym' or code == 'ymd' then if not wantrange and diff.iszero then -- This avoids an unexpected result such as -- Date('partial', 2001) - Date('partial', 2001) -- giving diff = { years = 0, months = { 0, 11 } } -- which would be reported as 0 years and 11 months. return 0, 0 end return choose(diff.partial.years), choose(diff.partial.months) end if code == 'y' then return choose(diff.partial.years) end if code == 'm' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then return choose({ diff.partial.mindiff:age(code), diff.partial.maxdiff:age(code) }) end return nil end local extra_days = wantduration and 1 or 0 if code == 'wd' or code == 'w' or code == 'd' then local offset = wantround and 0.5 or 0 local days = diff.age_days + extra_days if code == 'wd' or code == 'd' then days = floor(days + offset) if code == 'd' then return days end return floor(days/7), days % 7 end return floor(days/7 + offset) end local H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' or code == 'h' or code == 'hm' or code == 'hms' or code == 'M' or code == 's' then local days = floor(diff.age_days + extra_days) local inc_hour if wantround then if code == 'dh' or code == 'h' then if M >= 30 then inc_hour = true end elseif code == 'dhm' or code == 'hm' then if S >= 30 then M = M + 1 if M >= 60 then M = 0 inc_hour = true end end elseif code == 'M' then if S >= 30 then M = M + 1 end else -- Nothing needed because S is an integer. end if inc_hour then H = H + 1 if H >= 24 then H = 0 days = days + 1 end end end if code == 'dh' or code == 'dhm' or code == 'dhms' then if code == 'dh' then return days, H elseif code == 'dhm' then return days, H, M else return days, H, M, S end end local hours = days * 24 + H if code == 'h' then return hours elseif code == 'hm' then return hours, M elseif code == 'M' or code == 's' then M = hours * 60 + M if code == 'M' then return M end return M * 60 + S end return hours, M, S end if wantround then local inc_hour if code == 'ymdh' or code == 'ymwdh' then if M >= 30 then inc_hour = true end elseif code == 'ymdhm' or code == 'ymwdhm' then if S >= 30 then M = M + 1 if M >= 60 then M = 0 inc_hour = true end end elseif code == 'ymd' or code == 'ymwd' or code == 'yd' or code == 'md' then if H >= 12 then extra_days = extra_days + 1 end end if inc_hour then H = H + 1 if H >= 24 then H = 0 extra_days = extra_days + 1 end end end local y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days if extra_days > 0 then d = d + extra_days if d > 28 or code == 'yd' then -- Recalculate in case have passed a month. diff = diff.date1 + extra_days - diff.date2 y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days end end if code == 'ymd' then return y, m, d elseif code == 'yd' then if y > 0 then -- It is known that diff.date1 > diff.date2. diff = diff.date1 - (diff.date2 + (y .. 'y')) end return y, floor(diff.age_days) elseif code == 'md' then return y * 12 + m, d elseif code == 'ym' or code == 'm' then if wantround then if d >= 16 then m = m + 1 if m >= 12 then m = 0 y = y + 1 end end end if code == 'ym' then return y, m end return y * 12 + m elseif code == 'ymw' then local weeks = floor(d/7) if wantround then local days = d % 7 if days > 3 or (days == 3 and H >= 12) then weeks = weeks + 1 end end return y, m, weeks elseif code == 'ymwd' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7 elseif code == 'ymdh' then return y, m, d, H elseif code == 'ymwdh' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H elseif code == 'ymdhm' then return y, m, d, H, M elseif code == 'ymwdhm' then return y, m, floor(d/7), d % 7, H, M end if code == 'y' then if wantround and m >= 6 then y = y + 1 end return y end return nil end local function _diff_duration(diff, code, options) if type(options) ~= 'table' then options = { round = options } end options.duration = true return _diff_age(diff, code, options) end -- Metatable for some operations on date differences. diffmt = { -- for forward declaration above __concat = function (lhs, rhs) return tostring(lhs) .. tostring(rhs) end, __tostring = function (self) return tostring(self.age_days) end, __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'age_days' then if rawget(self, 'partial') then local function jdz(date) return (date.partial and date.partial.first or date).jdz end value = jdz(self.date1) - jdz(self.date2) else value = self.date1.jdz - self.date2.jdz end end if value ~= nil then rawset(self, key, value) return value end end, } function DateDiff(date1, date2, options) -- for forward declaration above -- Return a table with the difference between two dates (date1 - date2). -- The difference is negative if date1 is older than date2. -- Return nothing if invalid. -- If d = date1 - date2 then -- date1 = date2 + d -- If date1 >= date2 and the dates have no H:M:S time specified then -- date1 = date2 + (d.years..'y') + (d.months..'m') + d.days -- where the larger time units are added first. -- The result of Date(2015,1,x) + '1m' is Date(2015,2,28) for -- x = 28, 29, 30, 31. That means, for example, -- d = Date(2015,3,3) - Date(2015,1,31) -- gives d.years, d.months, d.days = 0, 1, 3 (excluding date1). if not (is_date(date1) and is_date(date2) and date1.calendar == date2.calendar) then return end local wantfill if type(options) == 'table' then wantfill = options.fill end local isnegative = false local iszero = false if date1 < date2 then isnegative = true date1, date2 = date2, date1 elseif date1 == date2 then iszero = true end -- It is known that date1 >= date2 (period is from date2 to date1). if date1.partial or date2.partial then -- Two partial dates might have timelines: ---------------------A=================B--- date1 is from A to B inclusive --------C=======D-------------------------- date2 is from C to D inclusive -- date1 > date2 iff A > C (date1.partial.first > date2.partial.first) -- The periods can overlap ('April 2001' - '2001'): -------------A===B------------------------- A=2001-04-01 B=2001-04-30 --------C=====================D------------ C=2001-01-01 D=2001-12-31 if wantfill then date1, date2 = autofill(date1, date2) else local function zdiff(date1, date2) local diff = date1 - date2 if diff.isnegative then return date1 - date1 -- a valid diff in case we call its methods end return diff end local function getdate(date, which) return date.partial and date.partial[which] or date end local maxdiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'last'), getdate(date2, 'first')) local mindiff = zdiff(getdate(date1, 'first'), getdate(date2, 'last')) local years, months if maxdiff.years == mindiff.years then years = maxdiff.years if maxdiff.months == mindiff.months then months = maxdiff.months else months = { mindiff.months, maxdiff.months } end else years = { mindiff.years, maxdiff.years } end return setmetatable({ date1 = date1, date2 = date2, partial = { years = years, months = months, maxdiff = maxdiff, mindiff = mindiff, }, isnegative = isnegative, iszero = iszero, age = _diff_age, duration = _diff_duration, }, diffmt) end end local y1, m1 = date1.year, date1.month local y2, m2 = date2.year, date2.month local years = y1 - y2 local months = m1 - m2 local d1 = date1.day + hms(date1) local d2 = date2.day + hms(date2) local days, time if d1 >= d2 then days = d1 - d2 else months = months - 1 -- Get days in previous month (before the "to" date) given December has 31 days. local dpm = m1 > 1 and days_in_month(y1, m1 - 1, date1.calendar) or 31 if d2 >= dpm then days = d1 - hms(date2) else days = dpm - d2 + d1 end end if months < 0 then years = years - 1 months = months + 12 end days, time = math.modf(days) local H, M, S = h_m_s(time) return setmetatable({ date1 = date1, date2 = date2, partial = false, -- avoid index lookup years = years, months = months, days = days, hours = H, minutes = M, seconds = S, isnegative = isnegative, iszero = iszero, age = _diff_age, duration = _diff_duration, }, diffmt) end return { _current = current, _Date = Date, _days_in_month = days_in_month, } 8htfjg7cmqlbgysia559pe52c5tetp5 828 8793 75096 2021-02-19T05:08:44Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "This module provides date functions for use by other modules. Dates in the [[Gregorian calendar]] and the [[Julian calendar]] are supported, from 9999 BCE to 9999 CE. The cale..." wikitext text/x-wiki This module provides date functions for use by other modules. Dates in the [[Gregorian calendar]] and the [[Julian calendar]] are supported, from 9999 BCE to 9999 CE. The calendars are proleptic—they are assumed to apply at all times with no irregularities. A date, with an optional time, can be specified in a variety of formats, and can be converted for display using a variety of formats, for example, 1 April 2016 or April 1, 2016. The properties of a date include its [[Julian day|Julian date]] and its [[Gregorian date|Gregorian]] serial date, as well as the day-of-week and day-of-year. Dates can be compared (for example, <code>date1 <= date2</code>), and can be used with add or subtract (for example, <code>date + '3 months'</code>). The difference between two dates can be determined with <code>date1 - date2</code>. These operations work with both Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, but <code>date1 - date2</code> is nil if the two dates use different calendars. The module provides the following items. {| class="wikitable" ! Export !! Description |- | <code>_current</code> || Table with the current year, month, day, hour, minute, second. |- | <code>_Date</code> || Function that returns a table for a specified date. |- | <code>_days_in_month</code> || Function that returns the number of days in a month. |} The following has examples of using the module: *[[Module:Date/example]] • Demonstration showing how Module:Date may be used. *[[Module talk:Date/example]] • Output from the demonstration. == Formatted output == A date can be formatted as text. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local Date = require('Module:Date')._Date local text = Date(2016, 7, 1):text() -- result is '1 July 2016' local text = Date(2016, 7, 1):text('%-d %B') -- result is '1 July' local text = Date('1 July 2016'):text('mdy') -- result is 'July 1, 2016' </syntaxhighlight> The following simplified formatting codes are available. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | hm || hour:minute, with "am" or "pm" or variant, if specified (14:30 or 2:30&nbsp;pm or variant) |- | hms || hour:minute:second (14:30:45) |- | ymd || year-month-day (2016-07-01) |- | mdy || month day, year (July 1, 2016) |- | dmy || day month year (1 July 2016) |} The following formatting codes (similar to [[strftime]]) are available. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | %a || Day abbreviation: Mon, Tue, ... |- | %A || Day name: Monday, Tuesday, ... |- | %u || Day of week: 1 to 7 (Monday to Sunday) |- | %w || Day of week: 0 to 6 (Sunday to Saturday) |- | %d || Day of month zero-padded: 01 to 31 |- | %b || Month abbreviation: Jan to Dec |- | %B || Month name: January to December |- | %m || Month zero-padded: 01 to 12 |- | %Y || Year zero-padded: 0012, 0120, 1200 |- | %H || Hour 24-hour clock zero-padded: 00 to 23 |- | %I || Hour 12-hour clock zero-padded: 01 to 12 |- | %p || AM or PM or as in options |- | %M || Minute zero-padded: 00 to 59 |- | %S || Second zero-padded: 00 to 59 |- | %j || Day of year zero-padded: 001 to 366 |- | %-d || Day of month: 1 to 31 |- | %-m || Month: 1 to 12 |- | %-Y || Year: 12, 120, 1200 |- | %-H || Hour: 0 to 23 |- | %-M || Minute: 0 to 59 |- | %-S || Second: 0 to 59 |- | %-j || Day of year: 1 to 366 |- | %-I || Hour: 1 to 12 |- | %% || % |} In addition, <code>%{''property''}</code> (where <code>''property''</code> is any property of a date) can be used. For example, <code>Date('1 Feb 2015 14:30:45 A.D.')</code> has the following properties. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | %{calendar} || Gregorian |- | %{year} || 2015 |- | %{month} || 2 |- | %{day} || 1 |- | %{hour} || 14 |- | %{minute} || 30 |- | %{second} || 45 |- | %{dayabbr} || Sun |- | %{dayname} || Sunday |- | %{dayofweek} || 0 |- | %{dow} || 0 (same as dayofweek) |- | %{dayofweekiso} || 7 |- | %{dowiso} || 7 (same as dayofweekiso) |- | %{dayofyear} || 32 |- | %{era} || A.D. |- | %{gsd} || 735630 (numbers of days from 1 January 1 CE; the first is day 1) |- | %{juliandate} || 2457055.1046875 ([[Julian day]]) |- | %{jd} || 2457055.1046875 (same as juliandate) |- | %{isleapyear} || false |- | %{monthdays} || 28 |- | %{monthabbr} || Feb |- | %{monthname} || February |} Some shortcuts are available. Given <code>date = Date('1 Feb 2015 14:30')</code>, the following results would occur. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Description !! Example result !! Equivalent format |- | date:text('%c') || date and time || 2:30&nbsp;pm 1 February 2015 || %-I:%M %p %-d %B %-Y %{era} |- | date:text('%x') || date || 1 February 2015 || %-d %B %-Y %{era} |- | date:text('%X') || time || 2:30&nbsp;pm || %-I:%M %p |} == Julian date == The following has an example of converting a [[Julian day|Julian date]] to a date, then obtaining information about the date. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- Code -- Result Date = require('Module:Date')._Date date = Date('juliandate', 320) number = date.gsd -- -1721105 number = date.jd -- 320 text = date.dayname -- Saturday text = date:text() -- 9 October 4713&nbsp;BC text = date:text('%Y-%m-%d') -- 4713-10-09 text = date:text('%{era} %Y-%m-%d') -- BC 4713-10-09 text = date:text('%Y-%m-%d %{era}') -- 4713-10-09&nbsp;BC text = date:text('%Y-%m-%d %{era}', 'era=B.C.E.') -- 4713-10-09&nbsp;B.C.E. text = date:text('%Y-%m-%d', 'era=BCNEGATIVE') -- -4712-10-09 text = date:text('%Y-%m-%d', 'era=BCMINUS') -- −4712-10-09 (uses Unicode MINUS SIGN U+2212) text = Date('juliandate',320):text('%{gsd} %{jd}') -- -1721105 320 text = Date('Oct 9, 4713 B.C.E.'):text('%{gsd} %{jd}') -- -1721105 320 text = Date(-4712,10,9):text('%{gsd} %{jd}') -- -1721105 320 </syntaxhighlight> == Date differences == The difference between two dates can be determined with <code>date1 - date2</code>. The result is valid if both dates use the Gregorian calendar or if both dates use the Julian calendar, otherwise the result is nil. An age and duration can be calculated from a date difference. For example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> -- Code -- Result Date = require('Module:Date')._Date date1 = Date('21 Mar 2015') date2 = Date('4 Dec 1999') diff = date1 - date2 d = diff.age_days -- 5586 y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days -- 15, 3, 17 (15 years + 3 months + 17 days) y, m, d = diff:age('ymd') -- 15, 3, 17 y, m, w, d = diff:age('ymwd') -- 15, 3, 2, 3 (15 years + 3 months + 2 weeks + 3 days) y, m, w, d = diff:duration('ymwd') -- 15, 3, 2, 4 d = diff:duration('d') -- 5587 (a duration includes the final day) </syntaxhighlight> A date difference holds the original dates except they are swapped so <code>diff.date1 >= diff.date2</code> (<code>diff.date1</code> is the more recent date). This is shown in the following. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> date1 = Date('21 Mar 2015') date2 = Date('4 Dec 1999') diff = date1 - date2 neg = diff.isnegative -- false text = diff.date1:text() -- 21 March 2015 text = diff.date2:text() -- 4 December 1999 diff = date2 - date1 neg = diff.isnegative -- true (dates have been swapped) text = diff.date1:text() -- 21 March 2015 text = diff.date2:text() -- 4 December 1999 </syntaxhighlight> A date difference also holds a time difference: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> date1 = Date('8 Mar 2016 0:30:45') date2 = Date('19 Jan 2014 22:55') diff = date1 - date2 y, m, d = diff.years, diff.months, diff.days -- 2, 1, 17 H, M, S = diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds -- 1, 35, 45 </syntaxhighlight> A date difference can be added to a date, or subtracted from a date. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> date1 = Date('8 Mar 2016 0:30:45') date2 = Date('19 Jan 2014 22:55') diff = date1 - date2 date3 = date2 + diff date4 = date1 - diff text = date3:text('ymd hms') -- 2016-03-08 00:30:45 text = date4:text('ymd hms') -- 2014-01-19 22:55:00 equal = (date1 == date3) -- true equal = (date2 == date4) -- true </syntaxhighlight> The age and duration methods of a date difference accept a code that identifies the components that should be returned. An extra day is included for the duration method because it includes the final day. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Returned values |- | <code>'ymwd'</code> || years, months, weeks, days |- | <code>'ymd'</code> || years, months, days |- | <code>'ym'</code> || years, months |- | <code>'y'</code> || years |- | <code>'m'</code> || months |- | <code>'wd'</code> || weeks, days |- | <code>'w'</code> || weeks |- | <code>'d'</code> || days |} 5dqkbapjtmlxhvaz516v0xtbj23mkwf 10 8794 75097 2021-02-19T05:10:04Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<div class="hlist hlist-separated {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{#if:{..." wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="hlist hlist-separated {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} </div>}}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude> c8c9hiesbmhy95sd0yiemh58351exwt 10 8795 84783 75098 2022-05-20T03:46:43Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Inyandikorugero:Flatlist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Template:Inline list|a navbox listing templates used within lines of text to mark problems needing attention|Template:Inline cleanup tags}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]]}} {{tlr|startflatlist|flt}} This template provides a [[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines|WCAG]]/ISO-standards-compliant accessible alternative to comma- or dash- (or other single character-) separated lists, per [[WP:FLATLIST]] and [[WP:HLIST]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Usage == {{tl|flatlist}} starts a horizontal list, such as: {{flatlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} This template can be used with or without {{tl|endflatlist}}. For navigation boxes using {{tl|navbox}}, one can set {{para|listclass|hlist}}, and achieve the same styling without using this template. For image captions, list (i.e. asterisk) markup does not work, so consider using {{tl|hlist}} instead. == Parameters == {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|#default= {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": { "en": "Used to create plain (i.e. unbulleted) lists." }, "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": { "en": "Content" }, "description": { "en": "The list to wrap." }, "suggested": true, "type": "content" }, "class": { "label": { "en": "Extra Classes" }, "description": { "en": "Adds extra CSS classes to the containing div." }, "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": { "en": "CSS Style" }, "description": { "en": "Adds extra CSS properties to the containing div. Complex styles should not be used in articles (per [[MOS:DEVIATIONS]]) but may be acceptable on user, project and talk pages." }, "example": "\n border: solid 1px silver;\n background: lightyellow;\n", "type": "string" }, "indent": { "label": { "en": "Indent" }, "description": { "en": "Indents the list by a number of standard indents (one indent being 1.6[[em (typography)|em]]). (Useful in an indented discussion thread.)" }, "example": "2", "type": "number" } }, "paramOrder": [ "class", "style", "indent", "1" ] } </templatedata>}} |Template:Endflatlist= {{Format TemplateData|JSON= { "description": "Ends a flat list created by {{tl|flatlist}}.", "format": "inline", "params": { } } }} }} == Examples == <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{flatlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} </syntaxhighlight> produces: {{flatlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} === Alternative syntax === <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{startflatlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endflatlist}} </syntaxhighlight> produces: {{startflatlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endflatlist}} === Syntax for ordered lists === <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{flatlist| # [[first]] # [[second]] # [[third]] # [[fourth]] # [[fifth]] # [[sixth]] }} </syntaxhighlight> produces: {{flatlist| # [[first]] # [[second]] # [[third]] # [[fourth]] # [[fifth]] # [[sixth]] }} === Using optional parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{flatlist |indent=2 |style=border:solid 1px silver; background:lightyellow; |class=nowraplinks | * [[Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics]] }} </syntaxhighlight> produces: {{flatlist |indent=2 |style=border:solid 1px silver; background:lightyellow; |class=nowraplinks | * [[Alpine skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1960 Winter Olympics]] * [[Alpine skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics]] }} == Technical details == This template uses the <code>.hlist</code> [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] to generate horizontal lists. It causes ordinary html list items to be displayed inline (horizontally), where they would normally display as block elements (vertically). The class also generates the [[interpunct]]s between list items and parentheses around nested lists. Some of the CSS used is not compatible with all browsers, notably Internet Explorer 6 and 7. {| class="wikitable" ! Wikitext ! Expanded template ! HTML |- style="vertical-align:top;" | <pre> {{flatlist| * cat * dog * horse * cow * sheep * pig }} </pre> | {{nowiki2|tag=pre| {{flatlist| * cat * dog * horse * cow * sheep * pig }} }} | <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>cat</li> <li>dog</li> <li>horse</li> <li>cow</li> <li>sheep</li> <li>pig</li></ul> </div> </syntaxhighlight> |} == See also == * {{tl|endflatlist}} * {{tl|hlist}} * {{tl|plainlist}} and {{tl|unbulleted list}} * {{tl|bulleted list}} * {{tl|ordered list}} * {{tl|nowrap}} * {{tl|pagelist}} * [[WP:HLIST]] {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates|Flatlist]] [[Category:List formatting and function templates|Flatlist]] }}</includeonly> ld2gut0164gngo04ytpeaqjceolgtmf 10 8796 75099 2021-02-19T05:11:25Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:redirect hatnote|redirect|1}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </no..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:redirect hatnote|redirect|1}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> nahryqse47xqenividwc88opp02rhjv 10 8797 75100 2021-02-19T05:12:26Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}} {{notice|1=Using this template does '''not''' create a redirect. The following pages may have what you are looking for: * [[Wikipedia:Redirect]] is t..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{notice|1=Using this template does '''not''' create a redirect. The following pages may have what you are looking for: * [[Wikipedia:Redirect]] is the official Wikipedia guideline on redirects. The page focuses on the rules and standards that the Wikipedia community has agreed to [[WP:Common sense|generally]] follow regarding redirects. * [[Help:Redirect]] is a how-to page that focuses on the technical aspects of templates. It instructs editors on how redirects work and how to handle them without causing errors. * [[Template:R template index|R template index]] contains a large list of templates that are used in order to tag and categorize redirects. }} {{high-use| 38806 }} {{lua|Module:Redirect hatnote}} This template produces a [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]]: * {{tlx|Redirect|Foo}} → {{Redirect|Foo}} Its purpose is to reduce confusion by helping users get to their intended page if they were redirected to another page while, for example, searching for a topic. An example would be when a user searches for [[Achilleus]] (as in [[Achilleus (emperor)|the emperor]]), but ends up on the page titled [[Achilles]] (as in the mythical hero) after being redirected. A {{para|text}} option adds text to the end; note that this should be only used when truly necessary, and the other hatnote templates listed below don't suffice. == Examples == * {{tlx|Redirect|Foo}} → {{Redirect|Foo}} * {{tlx|Redirect|REDIRECT<nowiki>||</nowiki>PAGE1}} → {{Redirect|REDIRECT||PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}} → {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}} → {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|USE3|PAGE3}} * {{tlx|Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|and|PAGE2}} → {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|and|PAGE2}} * {{tlx|Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}} → {{Redirect|REDIRECT|USE1|PAGE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}} * {{tlx|Redirect|Achilleus|the Emperor with this name|Achilleus (emperor)|other uses|Achilles (disambiguation)}} (as used on the page [[Achilles]]) → {{Redirect|Achilleus|the Emperor with this name|Achilleus (emperor)|other uses|Achilles (disambiguation)}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Redirecting page", "description": "Name of page that redirects here", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Use 1", "description": "Displayed as: For Use 1, see ... If left empty, defaults to For other uses, see ...", "type": "line", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "Target 1", "description": "Page to link to. Default is [[PAGENAME (disambiguation)]].", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "4": { "label": "Use 2", "description": "Second use. Can be 'and' to give: For Use 1, see [[Target1]] and [[Target2]].", "type": "line", "required": false }, "5": { "label": "Target 2", "description": "Page to link second use to.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "6": { "label": "Use 3", "description": "Third use. Can be 'and'.", "type": "line", "required": false }, "7": { "label": "Target 3", "description": "Page to link third use to.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "text": { "label": "Custom text", "type": "line", "description": "Text to be appended to the end." } }, "description": "This template produces a hatnote similar to:\n\n\"Foo\" redirects here. For other uses, see [[Foo (disambiguation)]].", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==See also== *{{tl|Talk page of redirect}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish}} *{{tl|WikiProject Redirect}} *{{tl|Wiktionary redirect}} *{{tl|R avoided double redirect}} *{{tl|Redirect2}} == External links == {{Commons-inline|short=true|Template:Redirect}} at [[:commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. {{Hatnote templates|state = expanded}} {{Wikipedia templates}} {{Wikipedia editor navigation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]] [[Category:Hatnote templates]] }}</includeonly> ct1n0vtzc0p40bkqap46ysm55uee09u 10 8798 75101 2021-02-19T05:14:09Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:URL|url}}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|Category:Pages using URL template with unknown parameters|_VA..." wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:URL|url}}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using URL template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:URL]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | 1 | 2 }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> a3iaiir0mhs0y2mdlkbw2snyhxnxqwu 828 8799 75102 2021-02-19T05:15:31Z Wizboyll51 9556 Created page with "-- -- This module implements {{URL}} -- -- See unit tests at [[Module:URL/testcases]] local p = {} local function safeUri(s) local success, uri = pcall(function() return..." Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{URL}} -- -- See unit tests at [[Module:URL/testcases]] local p = {} local function safeUri(s) local success, uri = pcall(function() return mw.uri.new(s) end) if success then return uri end end local function extractUrl(args) for name, val in pairs(args) do if name ~= 2 and name ~= "msg" then local url = name .. "=" .. val; url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3') local uri = safeUri(url); if uri and uri.host then return url end end end end function p._url(url, text, msg) url = mw.text.trim(url or '') text = mw.text.trim(text or '') local nomsg = (msg or ''):sub(1,1):lower() == "n" or msg == 'false' -- boolean: true if msg is "false" or starts with n or N if url == '' then if text == '' then if nomsg then return nil else return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'tlx', args = { 'URL', "''example.com''", "''optional display text''" } } end else return text end end -- If the URL contains any unencoded spaces, encode them, because MediaWiki will otherwise interpret a space as the end of the URL. url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%s', function(s) return mw.uri.encode(s, 'PATH') end) -- If there is an empty query string or fragment id, remove it as it will cause mw.uri.new to throw an error url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '#$', '') url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%?$', '') -- If it's an HTTP[S] URL without the double slash, fix it. url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3') -- Handle URLs from Wikidata of the format http&#58;// url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?)&#58;//', 'http%1://') local uri = safeUri(url) -- Handle URL's without a protocol and URL's that are protocol-relative, -- e.g. www.example.com/foo or www.example.com:8080/foo, and //www.example.com/foo if uri and (not uri.protocol or (uri.protocol and not uri.host)) and url:sub(1, 2) ~= '//' then url = 'http://' .. url uri = safeUri(url) end if text == '' then if uri then if uri.path == '/' then uri.path = '' end local port = '' if uri.port then port = ':' .. uri.port end text = mw.ustring.lower(uri.host or '') .. port .. (uri.relativePath or '') -- Add <wbr> before _/.-# sequences text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(/+)","<wbr/>%1") -- This entry MUST be the first. "<wbr/>" has a "/" in it, you know. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%.+)","<wbr/>%1") -- text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%-+)","<wbr/>%1") -- DISABLED for now text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%#+)","<wbr/>%1") text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(_+)","<wbr/>%1") else -- URL is badly-formed, so just display whatever was passed in text = url end end return mw.ustring.format('<span class="url">[%s %s]</span>', url, text) end --[[ The main entry point for calling from Template:URL. --]] function p.url(frame) local templateArgs = frame.args local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args local url = templateArgs[1] or parentArgs[1] local text = templateArgs[2] or parentArgs[2] or '' local msg = templateArgs.msg or parentArgs.msg or '' url = url or extractUrl(templateArgs) or extractUrl(parentArgs) or '' return p._url(url, text, msg) end --[[ The entry point for calling from the forked Template:URL2. This function returns no message by default. It strips out wiki-link markup, html tags, and everything after a space. --]] function p.url2(frame) local templateArgs = frame.args local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args local url = templateArgs[1] or parentArgs[1] local text = templateArgs[2] or parentArgs[2] or '' -- default to no message local msg = templateArgs.msg or parentArgs.msg or 'no' url = url or extractUrl(templateArgs) or extractUrl(parentArgs) or '' -- if the url came from a Wikidata call, it might have a pen icon appended -- we want to keep that and add it back at the end. local u1, penicon = mw.ustring.match( url, "(.*)(&nbsp;<span class='penicon.*)" ) if penicon then url = u1 end -- strip out html tags and [ ] from url url = (url or ''):gsub("<[^>]*>", ""):gsub("[%[%]]", "") -- truncate anything after a space url = url:gsub("%%20", " "):gsub(" .*", "") return (p._url(url, text, msg) or "") .. (penicon or "") end return p mmtcfgkoaj98icy0uwzqcqtkbcrk02b 10 8800 84776 75103 2022-05-20T03:23:23Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Inyandikorugero:Collapse bottom wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Collapse top/doc}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> brg0xxydzz07jqyt62vdk8nb02zd0ob 10 8801 84702 75104 2022-05-20T02:07:01Z BevoLJ 10818 update: Inyandikorugero:Collapse top/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Protect-text]]}} {{Template shortcut|Cot|Cob}} {{Template:Collapse Templates}} The {{tlx|collapse top}} template (or {{tlx|cot}}), and its paired template {{tlx|collapse bottom}} (or {{tlx|cob}}), are used for placing a collapse box around a talk page discussion, especially when the content contains complex wikimarkup such as tables. For very simple content, the one-piece template {{tlx|collapse}} can be used instead. These templates should only be used in accordance with the [[Wikipedia:Refactoring]] guideline; they should never be used to end a discussion over the objections of other editors, except in cases of unambiguous disruptive editing. Do not hide content in articles. This violates the {{Section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Scrolling lists and collapsible content}} and [[Wikipedia:Accessibility]] guidelines. == Usage == Place {{tlx|collapse top}} (or {{tlx|cot}}), and {{tlx|collapse bottom}} (or {{tlx|cob}}), around the text to be collapsed. For example: <pre>{{collapse top|title=This is the title text}} Sample contents text {{collapse bottom}}</pre> produces: {{collapse top|title=This is the title text}} Sample contents text {{collapse bottom}} {{tlx|collapse bottom}} should always be placed on its own line. == Parameters == This template takes the following parameters, all of which are optional. They are case-sensitive. Those that take CSS measurements require them in CSS format (e.g. <code>{{mxt|1em}}</code> not <code>{{!mxt|1&nbsp;em}}</code>. ;{{para|1}}, {{para|title}}, {{para|reason}}, {{para|header}}, {{para|heading}}, {{para|result}}<span style="font-weight: normal;">, or first unnamed parameter</span>: Will give the collapsed box a title, which occurs on the same line as the ''show'' link and is always visible. It defaults to "Extended content". For example, <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|title=This is the title text}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text}}</nowiki></code>. Note: The shorter, unnamed markup will not work if the title value contain an equals (<code>=</code>) character. ;{{para|warning|yes}}: Will display a default warning line under the main title which reads "The following is a closed debate. {{strongbad|Please do not modify it.}}" Any value supplied to this parameter will have this effect (i.e. {{para|warning|{{!mxt|no}}}} will not work as expected). ;{{para|2}}<span style="font-weight: normal;"> or second unnamed parameter</span>: This is optional warning-line text. It will override the standard warning line above; it is not necessary to also use {{para|warning|yes}} in this case, though doing so is harmless. ;{{para|left|yes}}: Will align the title along the left margin. By default, text is centered, specifically between the left edge of the green box and the left edge of the "show" link. Any value will enable this parameter (i.e. {{para|left|{{!mxt|no}}}} will not work as expected); nor is there a {{para|{{!mxt|right}}}} parameter. ;{{para|expand|yes}} <span style="font-weight: normal;">or</span> {{para|collapse|no}}: Will leave the material uncollapsed with the border and coloring. Default is to collapse the material. Any value will have this effect (i.e. {{para|expand|{{!mxt|no}}}} and {{para|collapse|{{!mxt|yes}}}} will not work as expected). ;{{para|bg}}: Sets the background color of the collapsed material. Defaults to <code>#CCFFCC</code>, a green hue. Named colors are listed at [[List of colors]]. For example, <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text|bg=#F0F2F5}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text|bg=LightGrey}}</nowiki></code> (HTML color codes require the leading <code>#</code>). ;{{para|fc}}: Sets the font color of the title of the collapsible bar. Defaults to inheriting the current text color of the context. See {{para|bg}}, above, for details on color options. ;{{para|border}}: Sets the width of the border line on the collapsed material. defaults to <code>1px</code>. For example, <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|border=2px}}</nowiki></code>; going much thicker than this is not very useful. ;{{para|b-color}}: Sets the border color. defaults to <code>Silver</code> (<code>#C0C0C0</code>). See {{para|bg}}, above, for details on color options. ;{{para|padding}}: Sets the padding (distance from borders) on the collapsed material inside the colored area. Defaults to <code>0.6em</code>. ;{{para|width}}: Sets the width of the overall template relative to the page (or a block element containing the collapse box). This should virtually always be given as a percentage, e.g. {{para|width|50%}}, or in relative <samp>em</samp> units, e.g. {{para|width|30em}}. Pixel-based values should be avoided, as they are effectively meaningless – the result will be different depending on each user's browser and local CSS settings (which browser and operating system it is, zoom level, font sizes, etc.). ;{{para|border2}}: Sets the properties of the border of the box that appears when template is expanded; defaults to <code>1px Silver</code> (there is no provision to change from a solid line). For example, <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|border2=2px}}</nowiki></code> (only width or color will be changed if only one value is supplied). See {{para|bg}}, above, for details on color options. ;{{para|bg2}}: Sets the background color of the box that appears when template is expanded; defaults to <code>White</code> (<code>#FFFFFF</code>). See {{para|bg}}, above, for details on color options. ;{{para|indent}}: Indents the box from the left of the page. Defaults to no indentation. Each <code>:</code> in talk page markup is approximately equivalent to <code>1.6em</code> of indent (e.g., to match <code>::::</code> indentation level, use {{para|indent|6.4em}}. You can also use a percentage value. Pixel-based values should be avoided (see {{para|width}}, above, for why). ;{{para|clear}}: In some situations you may not want the default <code>clear: both;</code> CSS to apply, which puts the collapse box below any left- or right-floated content within the same HTML block. In this case, you can use {{para|clear|none}}, {{para|clear|right}}, or {{para|clear|left}}, as needed. == Examples == * Adding a box title (if omitted, default is 'Extended content') – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text}}</nowiki></code> {{collapse top|This is the title text}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Adding a standard warning line – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text|warning=true}}</nowiki></code> {{collapse top|This is the title text|warning=true}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Adding a custom warning line – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|This is the title text|This is a custom warning line}}</nowiki></code> {{collapse top|This is the title text|This is a custom warning line}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Aligning box title along left margin – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|left=true}}</nowiki><!-- or {{collapse top|left=true}}--><nowiki></nowiki></code> {{collapse top|left=true}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Changing background color – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|bg=#F0F2F5}}</nowiki></code> {{collapse top|bg=#F0F2F5}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Adding extra padding – <code><nowiki>{{collapse top|padding=5em}}</nowiki></code> {{collapse top|padding=5em}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{collapse bottom}} * Archiving a section: the markup below: <pre>{{collapse top}} ==Section header== Sample contents text {{collapse bottom}}</pre> must be rewritten as: <pre>{{collapse top|Section header}} Sample contents text {{collapse bottom}}</pre> The end result: {{collapse top|Section header}} Sample contents text {{collapse bottom}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "title", "heading", "header", "reason", "result" ], "label": "Title", "description": "Main title of collapsed box", "example": "This is the title text", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Custom warning line", "description": "Will override the standard warning line, and make the 'warning' parameter unnecessary", "example": "This is a custom warning line", "type": "string" }, "indent": { "description": "Indents the box from the left of the page", "type": "unknown", "autovalue": "0px" }, "expand": { "aliases": [ "collapse" ], "description": "Using expand=yes or collapse=no will leave the material uncollapsed with the border and coloring", "example": "true", "type": "string", "autovalue": "" }, "border": { "label": "Border width (px)", "description": "Sets the width of the border line on the collapsed material", "example": "2px", "default": "1px", "autovalue": "" }, "b-color": { "label": "Border color", "description": "Sets the border color", "example": "#F0F2F5", "default": "Silver" }, "width": { "label": "Template width (px or %)", "description": "Sets the width of the overall template", "example": "50%" }, "bg": { "label": "Collapsed material background color", "description": "Sets the background color of the collapsed material", "example": "#F0F2F5", "default": "#CFC" }, "left": { "label": "Alight along the left margin (true or blank)", "description": "Will align the 'parameter 1 title' along the left margin", "example": "true", "type": "string" }, "fc": { "label": "Title font color", "description": "Sets the font color of the title of the collapsible bar", "example": "#F0F2F5", "default": "Black" }, "warning": { "label": "Warning (true or blank)", "description": "Will display a default warning line under the main title which reads \"The following is a closed debate. Please do not modify it.\"", "example": "true" }, "border2": { "label": "Expanded box border size & color", "description": "Sets the border of the box that appears when template is expanded", "example": "2px", "default": "1px silver" }, "padding": { "label": "Padding (px)", "description": "Sets the padding on the collapsed material in the colored area", "example": "16px", "default": "8px" }, "bg2": { "label": "Expanded box color", "description": "Sets background of the box that appears when template is expanded", "example": "#F0F2F5", "default": "white" } }, "description": "Use in conjunction with {{Collapse bottom}}. Will collapse text in between the two templates." } </templatedata> == Redirects == To Collapse top: * {{tl|cot}} * {{tl|ctop}} * {{tl|DAT}} To Collapse bottom: * {{tl|cob}} * {{tl|cbot}} == See also == * {{tl|collapse}} * {{#ifeq: {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Collapse top || {{tl|collapse top}} }} * {{#ifeq: {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Collapse bottom || {{tl|collapse bottom}} }} * {{tl|discussion top}} and {{tl|discussion bottom}} * {{tl|hidden archive top}} and {{tl|hidden archive bottom}} * {{tl|hidden begin}} and {{tl|hidden end}} * {{tl|hidden}} * {{tl|collapsible list}} {{Warchivenav|state=uncollapsed}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Archival templates]] [[Category:Collapse templates]] }}</includeonly> tv20v3pedwjiyaafnr09u37umxryzre 0 8805 76988 75123 2021-08-05T00:19:11Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali city.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|imidugudu]] Imidugudu ni uburyo bwimyubakire ingezweho kphz5bvetogj1vixoviu7flr9t8k187 6 8806 75126 2021-03-01T08:31:45Z 41.243.1.243 hdvhhjiyfg wikitext text/x-wiki bonvies juprn7bkned9ye7l8ody0e1j80e078f 10 8807 75131 2021-03-03T19:11:46Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:5DED:5C41:F6A0:9F06 Created page with "<div class="plainlist {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{..." wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="plainlist {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}{{{indent|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{indent|}}}|margin-left: {{#expr:{{{indent}}}*1.6}}em;}} {{{style|}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} </div>}}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude> nztwpfg54h3oaq8h3bzhtwuqxochv0z 10 8808 75132 2021-03-03T19:13:49Z 2601:1C2:1000:9240:5DED:5C41:F6A0:9F06 Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:Plainlist | {{high-risk| 171000+ }} }} This template p..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:Plainlist | {{high-risk| 171000+ }} }} This template provides a [[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines|WCAG]]/ISO-standards-compliant accessible alternative to <code><nowiki><br /></nowiki></code> separated lists, per [[WP:UBLIST]] and [[WP:PLIST]] ==Usage== {{tl|plainlist}} starts a plain (i.e. unbulleted) list, such as: {{plainlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} It uses proper HTML list markup, which is more standards-compliant and more accessible than separating list items with {{tag|br|s}}. Detailed reasons for using this template can be found at [[WP:UBLIST]]. This template can be used with or without {{tl|endplainlist}}. It is an alternative to {{tl|unbulleted list}}, which performs the same function in a more concise but less wiki-style manner. Note that {{tl|unbulleted list}} will work inside image captions, whereas {{tl|plainlist}} does not. ==Examples== {{Markup |<nowiki> {{plainlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} </nowiki> | {{plainlist| * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} }} === Alternative syntax === {{Markup |<nowiki> {{plainlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endplainlist}} </nowiki> | {{plainlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endplainlist}} }} ==Parameters== {{Format TemplateData|JSON= { "params": { "1": { "label": "List content", "description": "If supplied, the list, as a normal bulleted list. (Every line should start with an asterisk. No blank lines between lines.) See template page for how this works otherwise.", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "class": { "label": "CSS classes", "description": "Adds a CSS class to the containing div.", "type": "string", "default": "The class \"plainlist\" is always applied." }, "style": { "label": "Custom CSS", "description": "Adds CSS style options. Complex styles should not be used in articles (per [[WP:Deviations]]) but may be acceptable on user, project, and talk pages.", "example": "border:solid 1px silver; background:lightyellow" }, "indent": { "label": "Indent level", "description": "Indents the list by a number of standard indents (one indent being 1.6em), particularly handy for inclusion in an indented discussion thread.", "type": "number", "example": "2" } }, "description": "This template provides a WCAG/ISO-standards-compliant accessible alternative to &lt;br /&gt; separated lists, per [[WP:UBLIST]] and [[WP:PLIST]]. It uses proper HTML list markup, which is more standards-compliant and more accessible than separating list items with &lt;br /&gt;. Detailed reasons for using this template can be found at WP:UBLIST." } }} === Controlling line-breaking === Template {{tlx|nbsp}} may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. ==Technical details== {{tl|Plainlist}} works by constructing a [[span and div|div]] with the [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class "plainlist" which has the following style (see [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]): <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .plainlist ul { line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0; } .plainlist ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } </syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" ! Wikitext ! Expanded template ! HTML |- style="vertical-align:top;" | class="nowrap" | <pre> {{Plainlist| * Example 1 * Example 2 * Example 3 }} </pre> | class="nowrap" | {{nowiki2|tag=pre| {{Plainlist| * Example 1 * Example 2 * Example 3 }} }} | <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>Example 1</li> <li>Example 2</li> <li>Example 3</li> </ul> </div> </syntaxhighlight> |} ==Redirects== * {{tl|Startplainlist}} ==See also== * {{tl|unbulleted list}} – essentially the same but uses <code><nowiki>| ... | ... | ...</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>|* ... * ... * ...</nowiki></code> * {{tl|flatlist}} and {{tl|hlist}} (replacements for comma- or dash-separated lists) * {{tl|bulleted list}} * {{tl|ordered list}} * {{section link|Template:Infobox person#Inline lists}} for more information on creating lists within the Infobox family of templates, with examples in the following {{section link|Template:Infobox person#Examples|nopage=y}} {{navbox lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates|Plainlist]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates|Plainlist]] }}</includeonly> ewddc2ecaky5hwn1hd3drcthlx835pv 0 8809 77469 76910 2021-08-11T02:17:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RWANDAN_USING_CINEMA_CAMERAS.jpg|thumb|Cinema nyarwanda irimo abantu benshi bafite amazina afite ibigwi mu Rwanda mu bikorwa bitandukanye]] Seburikoko ni Television series yinyarwanda yakozwe na Misago Nelly Wilson ubukora binyuze muri Sosiyete ikora Inyarwanda Ltd, Afrifame Pictures. televison series 15 iminota kinyura kuri Televiziyo y'u Rwanda buri wa mbere no kuwakane saa kumi n'ebyiri na 45 za mugitondo guhera muri Werurwe 2015. == Abakinyi == * Niyitegeka Gratien ari Seburikoko.[[Dosiye:Derwent_Entertainment_Centre_(Hobart).jpg|thumb|Inzu nziza zikorerwamo Imyidagaduro Mu Rwanda ]] * Antoinette Uwamahoro ari Siperansiya. * Umuganwa Sarah ari Mutoni. * Clapton Kibonge ari Kibonge. * Chantal Nyakubyara ari Nyiramana. * Ernest Kalisa ari Rulinda. * Léon Ngabo ari Kadogo. * Noella Niyomubyeyi ari Liliane. 9pdipd24dkfqb1rvbfcogdzaelnjn0o 0 8814 81969 81968 2022-02-08T16:14:20Z Contribuyendo para el bien de la humanidad 10621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndahiro II Cyamatare''' yari Mwami , cyangwa umwami, mubwami bwu Rwanda mu mpera zikinyejana cya cumi na gatanu. Yategetse hagati ya 1477 na 1510, mu gihe cy'amakimbirane. Yiciwe mu karere ka Gisenyi arwana n'umwami wa Bugara, umuhungu we Ruganzu II Ndoli aramusimbura. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |[[Dosiye:Mwami Lenghe Rugaza (petit format).jpg|center|thumb|249x249px|mwami]]Ndahiro II Cyamatare |- | colspan="2" |''Mwami (King)'' |- !Gutegeka |1447-1510 |- !Yapfuye |1510 Gisenyi , Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Ikibazo |[[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] |- !Ingoma |Ingoma ya Nyiginya (2) |} Ndahiro II Cyamatare yaboboye ingoma guhera 1477-1510 29lptsnclcocufy4z75j3wx2j6dxfek 0 8815 81946 76343 2022-02-07T19:15:48Z Contribuyendo para el bien de la humanidad 10621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruganzu II Ndoli''' (?-1543) yari Mwami w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda Yategetse ahasanga mu w’1510-1543. Yari umuhungu w'umwami Ndahiro II Cyamatare na Nyirangabo-ya-Nyantaba. Ruganzu II ni umwami uzwi cyane mu Rwanda.Umwami Cyamatare n'abagize umuryango we bishwe bunyamaswa na Nyebunga na bagenzi be. Mbere yuko apfa, umwami yateguye kandi ashyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo guhunga umuhungu we. Kugwa biteye agahinda k'umwami Ndahiro I Cyamatare byabaye nyuma gato yuko umuhungu we ahungiye mu bwami buturanye bwa Karagwe. Amaze kurokoka urupfu, igikomangoma kibabaye cyabonye ubuhungiro i Karagwe iyobowe n'umwamikazi wa Karagwe, wabaye nyirasenge. Yari umurwanyi ukomeye kandi bivugwa ko yakoze ibitangaza. Ubuzima bwe ningoma ye byamamaye mumigani myinshi mumateka yu Rwanda. Bivugwa ko Ruganzu Ndoli yarezwe na nyirasenge mu Bwami bwa Karagwe kandi abamukomokaho barimo Ndoli Amani mu Rwanda. Abasuye ikigo ndangamuco cya Rulindo Ikire Centre ndangamuco bavuga ko ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cyerekana umwimerere w'amateka n'umuco by'u Rwanda. Ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka Rulindo buvuga ko iki kigo kizwi ku izina rya "Ku birenge bya Ruganzu", ari urugero rw'ukuntu buri karere gashobora kubaka ibimenyetso byihariye by’amateka kandi bigafasha abaturage kubimenya. Usibye kwerekana amateka n'ubudasa bwa Ububeruka ya kera, Bobo, Busigi ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byari bigize Rulindo, ibirori bidasanzwe nk'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda, ivuka rya Ruganzu no kwimika ingoma ubu biragaragara.<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/amateka/abantu/item/426-ibintu-22-byerekeye-umwami-ruganzu-ii-ndoli</ref> [[Dosiye:IKIRENGE_cultural_monument.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yerekana ikirenge cy'umwami Ruganzu Ndoli]] [[Dosiye:Ibisi_bya_Huye.jpg|thumb|Ibisi bya Huye aho umwami Ruganzu Ndoli yakundaga ku rambagira.]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Ruganzu II Ndoli |- | colspan="2" |[[File:RUGANZU monument.jpg|thumb]]''Mwami (King)'' |- !Gutegeka |1510-1543 |- !Yavutse |Ikinyejana cya 15 |- !Yapfuye |1543 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Ingoma |Ingoma ya Nyiginya (3) |- !Data |[[Ndahiro II Cyamatare]] |} Bikekwa ko yimye ingoma mu 1510, muri uwo mwaka Henry VIII wo mu Bwongereza yimikwa, apfa 1543 azize kurasa umwambi mu jisho.<ref>https://books.google.es/books?id=Q1imCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Ruganzu+II+Ndoli&source=bl&ots=Wr_EXq-NNs&sig=BUs2pjbHPZsgBRLW009QkCAPbNk&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwissLWYl_LbAhUJCsAKHcLoCVAQ6AEIezAU#v=onepage&q=Ruganzu%20II%20Ndoli&f=false</ref> ==Urutonde rwerekana== [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] m30ts6z360gh63ye5m74g59gvrsqy7y 0 8817 77413 75198 2021-08-10T02:43:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease|image=Mutara II of Rwanda.jpg|caption=200px}} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Mutara II Rwogera |- | colspan="2" | |- ! colspan="2" |Mwami wo mu Rwanda |- !Gutegeka |1830 - Kamena 1853 |- !Ababanjirije |Yuhi IV Gahindiro |- !Uzasimbura |Kigeli IV wo mu Rwanda |- ! colspan="2" | |- !Yavutse |1802 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Yapfuye |Kamena 1853 (imyaka 50/51) Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Ibisubizo |[[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri]] |- !Clan |Abanyiginya |- !Data |[[Yuhi IV Gahindiro]] |- !Mama |Nyiramavugo II Nyiramongi |} [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|inzu yumwami]] '''Mutara II Rwogera''' ni umwami ( ''Mwami'' ) ya Rwanda wategekaga hagati ya <abbr>XIX ^tariki</abbr>  kinyejana , nyuma Yuhi IV. Nyuma y'itariki ya 1 Kamena 1853, Umwami Mutara II Rwogera yapfuye nyuma yo kurwara, ariko umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta wabujije Abiru kumenyesha umwamikazi Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi iby'urupfu rwe, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta kubera ko yari yanze kunywa kandi akaba atagomba kuguma nyuma y'umwami. Igihe itara ryaka, Rwakagara, mukuru wa mwamikazi, yamusomye ku mata aramwica. Ingoma ya Mutara niyo yarangije guteganya kwigarurira Gisaka, igihugu kitoroshye. Muri icyo gihe kandi ni bwo u Rwanda rwatakaje ijwi, kubera ko ku bijyanye n'umusoro ngarukamwaka nk'uko bisanzwe, indagu yerekanaga ko bidashoboka kubyakira igihe umwami yari arembye cyane, gusa akabisubiza. Kuva icyo gihe, ikirwa cyiganje mu Rwanda. Rwabugili, warazwe ubwami na se,yakoze akazi gakomeye kugarura. [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] opaizv55neelznhtlv0g4v3lh3ymt6e 0 8818 77211 75309 2021-08-09T17:23:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingoma_z'_umwami.jpg|thumb|Ingoma z'ibwami]] '''Yuhi IV Gahindiro''' yari Umwami w'u Rwanda kuva 1792 kugeza 1802. Yari umutware w'umuryango wa Bahindiro akaba na se wa Mutara II Rwogera . Ingoma ye yibukwa mu mateka y'u Rwanda nk'amahoro menshi. Yapfuye nta maraso afite mu ntoki. Abandi bana be banditswe ni Nyirindekwe, Nkusi, Rubega, Rwanyanya , Rwayega, Rwabika, Nyabigondo, Nkoronko, Mutijima, Nyamashara, Rubamburamanzi, Mashara na Urujeni. Yuhi IV yapfuye ashaje.<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/yuhi-iv-du-rwanda</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Yuhi IV Gahindiro |- | colspan="2" |''Mwami (King)'' |- !Gutegeka |1792–1802 |- !Yavutse |1746 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Yapfuye |1802 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Ikibazo |[[Mutara II Rwogera]] |- !Ingoma |Ingoma ya Nyiginya-Hindiro |- !Data |[[Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo]] |- !Mama |Nyirayuhi IV Nyiratunga |} [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] s1nprjlob4cshzs62xxc8r7m2y7e4dl 0 8819 77393 75216 2021-08-10T01:59:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Location Democratic Republic of the Congo AU Africa.svg|center|thumb|map congo]] [[Dosiye:DR Congo - collage.jpg|left|thumb|congo]] Leta ya Kongo niyo leta nini muri africa y'uburasirazuba. eru6bn9xsgiiwqr3reiyg2sf3qbypg9 0 8820 79195 77224 2021-08-31T11:48:13Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:François Hollande 2019 (48754199868).jpg|thumb|François Hollande 2019]] [[File:Francois_Hollande_2015_(cropped).jpeg|341x341px|Francois Hollande 2015 (cropped)]] François Hollande yari Perezida wa Repubulika y’Ubufaransa kuva ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2012 kugeza ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2017. . [[Dosiye:French Flag Flying.jpg|center|thumb|427x427px|French]] mozrkeq3ob1liexe793rl4ndc8zh7bc 0 8825 79375 79374 2021-09-08T20:12:15Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda cultural home.jpg|thumb|Rwanda cultural home]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Gihanga I. |- | colspan="2" |''Mwami (King)'' |- !Gutegeka |1081–1114 |- !Yavutse |Ikinyejana cya 11 <abbr>c.</abbr> [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] |- !Yapfuye |Ikinyejana cya 12 Ubwami bw'u Rwanda |- !Ikibazo |[[Kanyarwanda I Gahima I]] |}'''Gihanga I''' ("umuremyi", "washinze") ni intwari y’umuco yo mu [[Rwanda]] ivugwa mu nkuru zo mu kanwa hamwe n’umwami w’abatutsi wa kera wemera ko hamenyekana ubwami bwa kera bw’u Rwanda. Indi migani ivuga ko Gihanga kandi yatangije ibintu by'ibanze bigize umuco mu biyaga bigari bya [[Afurika]], harimo kwibanda, gukundwa, ibyuma, guhiga, amashyamba n’ubutaka. Imigenzo y'idini yatangiriye hafi ya Gihanga mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda rwagati, nyuma iza gukurikizwa mu rukiko rw'umwami na Ruganza Ndori, umwami w'icyamamare wakomeje gushimangira ubwami bwa Nyiginya mu kinyejana cya 16. Abanyamadini barimo umuriro wa Gihanga, wakomeje gutwikwa mu binyejana byinshi mu rukiko rw’umwami ahantu hazwi ku izina rya "ahantu amata y’amata" kandi bikekwa ko yatwitse kuva ku ngoma ya Gihanga kugeza ku ngoma ya Juhi. V Musing mu 1932 .; kohereza amakoro kuva mu rukiko rw'umwami mu mujyi wa Muganza muri Rukoma, aho bemeza ko imva ya Gikhanga iherereye; no kubika ubushyo bw'inka mu rukiko rw'umwami, bikekwa ko biva mu bushyo bwa Gihanga. Izi nka ziyobowe n’umuryango wa Heck wo mu muryango wa Zigaba, wabaga hafi y’imva kandi ugaha urukiko ibwami bamwe mu bahanga babo bubahwa kandi bakomeye. Undi muryango wabantu nkabo, Singa Tega, nawo wabonye icyubahiro bitewe nuko umwe mubasekuruza babo, Nyabutege, bivugwa ko yavumbuye ihame ryingoma yumwami kuri Gihang. [[Dosiye:Umuco wo kwota.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|ni umuco]]Umugenzo w'idini mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Gihanga wavutse mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda rwagati, maze usubizwa mu rukiko rw'umwami na Ruganzu II Ndoli, umwami ukomeye mu mateka wakomeje gushimangira ubwami bw'u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 16 Mu bigize iryo dini harimo umuriro wa Gihanga, wahoraga ucanwa mu binyejana byinshi mu rukiko rw’umwami ahantu hazwi ku izina rya "ahantu inka zanyerera," kandi bivugwa ko zahoraga zaka kuva ku ngoma ya Gihanga. umuriro wa Gihanga wazimye ku ngoma ya Yuhi V Musinga mu 1932 abitegetswe n'abategetsi b'Ababiligi. Kohereza amakoro kuva mu rukiko rw'umwami aho Muganza yari i Rukoma bisa nkaho byerekana ko ari imva ya Gihanga; kandi umukumbi wurugo rwibwami bavugaga ko wakomotse mubushyo bwa Gihanga. Izi nka zacungwaga n'umuryango wa Heka wo mu muryango wa Zigaba, wabaga hafi y'imva kandi ugaha urukiko bamwe mu mihango yabo yubahwa kandi ikomeye. Undi muryango w’imihango, Tega wo mu muryango wa Singa, wabonye icyubahiro cy’uko umwe mu basekuruza babo, Nyabutege, yahishuye ihame ry’ingoma y’ingoma (Kalinga) i Gihanga. [[Category:Abami b’u Rwanda]] m6m9vv30qwy3zb80t1mxemwyyiqv2cv 0 8826 77367 75263 2021-08-10T00:35:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri.jpg|thumb|326x326px|Umwami]] '''Kanyarwanda I Gahima I''' (uzwi kandi ku izina rya Kanyarwanda I, Kayima I, Ghem, Khem, Kakama, Khm mu Banyafurika y'Iburasirazuba yari Mwami, cyangwa Umwami w'u Rwanda bivugwa ko nyuma y'ingoma ndende ya Gihanga ikikije inkomoko ya Nili. Gahima Nizera ko ari sekuruza w'abasekuruza muri rusange. Amatsinda y'Abatutsi, Abahutu n'Abatutsi yose agize umuryango w'abasangwabutaka bo mu Rwanda. Nkuko akekwa ko ari umwana cyangwa umwuzukuru wa [[Gihanga I]] izina risobanura umuremyi, sekuru wa nyina wa Gahima yavuzwe mu magambo gakondo gakondo y'u Rwanda nka Rurenge. Izina risobanura. "Ikirenge kinini". s5cy1dl1djazhwx9feflxm5qtdrmtks 0 8833 79442 77361 2021-09-24T17:48:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy'umukino wa Cricket mu Rwanda]] Stade nkuru y'umukino wa cricket mu Rwanda ibarizwa i Gahanga mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], ikaba [[Dosiye:Gahanga_Cricket_Oval_in_Kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cya Cricket Gahanga]] ariyo stade mpuzamahanga ya Cricket mu Rwanda <ref name="KT">https://www.cricketbuildshope.org/gahanga-cricket-stadium</ref> == Amateka == Muri Kanama 2011, Fondasiyo ya Sitade ya Cricket mu Rwanda yashinzwe nk'igikorwa cy’urukundo, ikora nka sosiyete idashingiye ku nyungu, hagamijwe ko yubaka ikanacunga ikibuga cy’imikino mpuzamahanga cya mbere cyeguriwe [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] . kubaka iki kibuga byarangiye muri Werurwe 2017. Iherereye kuri hegitari 4.5 ku nkombe ya [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru [[Rwanda|w'u Rwanda.]] <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/15/rwanda-cricket-stadium-massacre-site Cricket stadium to rise in shadow of Rwandan massacre]</ref> Kuri ubu stade yakira amarushanwa ya Kwibuka Women T20 ngarukamwaka, Iyi nkunga iyobowe n'itsinda ry'abakunzi ba Cricket baturutse mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] no mu [[Rwanda]] ku bufatanye na Fondasiyo ya Marylebone Cricket Club. Mu mwaka wa 2012, Brian Lara <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIVERSITY CRICKET at OXFORD |url=http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |deadurl=yes }}</ref> yemeye kuba umwe mu ba Patron b'ubutaka. Iyi Sitade kandi ishyigikiwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza, David Cameron , Andrew Mitchell, Jonathan Agnew, Heather Knight, Peter Gummer, Baron Chadlington <ref>{{Cite web |title=MCC |url=http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143953/http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>[http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/Fields-Of-Dreams/index.html Field of dreams]</ref> Muri 2018, ikibanza cyatoranijwe kugirango kizakire imikino mumatsinda ya 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier Itsinda ry'iburasirazuba. Iyi stade kandi yakiriye amarushanwa ya T20 y'abagore ya Kwibuka ya 2019, amarushanwa ya Cricket y'abagore, mu rwego rwo kwibuka abishwe na [[jenoside yo mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu 1994.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/challengers-cricket-club-na-charity-cricket-club-zegukanye-shampiyona-ya-2019</ref> [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Gahanga Cricket Stadium]] == Inyandiko mpuzamahanga == === Abagore Ikinyejana cya 20 === Ibinyejana bine WT20I byatsinzwe aho byabereye. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%" !Oya. ! Amanota ! Umukinnyi ! Ikipe ! Imipira ! Ikipe irwanya ! Udushya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | 1 | 116 | Prosscovia Alako | Uganda |  71 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 2 | 103 * | Rita Musamali | Uganda |  61 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 3 | 114 * | Marie Bimenyimana |Rwanda |  81 |Mali | 1 | 21 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 4 | 108 * | Fatuma Kibasu |Tanzaniya |  71 |Mali | 1 | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |} ==== Abagore Twenty20 Mpuzamahanga batwara amajwi atanu ==== Imikino imwe ya WT20I yatwaye amajwi atanu yafatiwe aha hantu. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%" !# ! Imibare ! Umukinnyi ! Igihugu ! Udushya ! Murwanya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | '''1''' | 5/0 | Nasra Saidi | Tanzaniya | 2 | Mali | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |- |}   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rcsf.org.uk/ Fondasiyo ya Cricket ya Rwanda] * [http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/731981.html ikinyamakuru espncricinfo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s UNICERSITY CRICKET kuri OXFORD] == Reba == [[Category:Imikino]] [[Category:Rwanda stadium]] <references /> [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abagore]] njhh1dvbjxd10a7eh8jg6maxf28ptij 0 8834 76212 75344 2021-07-20T19:43:11Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Kwibuka ni igikorwa ngaruka mwaka kiba buri tariki zirindwi (7) z'ukwezi kwa kane mu Rwanda, hibukwa jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Dosiye:Kwibuka_Monument.jpg|thumb|Kwibuka Monument]] mwaka w'1994.<ref>http://www.kwibuka.rw/</ref> phvxhkcy5psecrevcqi44a537ssa1wz 0 8837 79264 75428 2021-08-31T20:39:54Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Guillermo Lasso by Samurai Juan (cropped).jpg|right|200px]] '''Guillermo Lasso Mendoza''', wavutse ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 1955 i Guayaquil, yabaye Perezida wa Repubulika ya uquateur kuva ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2021. [[Dosiye:CAMBIO DE MANDO PRESIDENCIAL,. ECUADOR, 24 DE MAYO DE 2021 - 51201064409.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Presidencial]] on5bzs3sef1kvwcyc6z2u2d1kx1c34o 0 8838 79309 77406 2021-08-31T21:36:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muammar al-Gaddafi-3-30112006.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Libya (1951–1969).svg|center|thumb|480x480px|libya country]] [[Dosiye:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar al-Gaddafi]] '''Muammar Muhammad Abu Abd nk'uko-Salam al-Minya Qaddhafí''' (mu mu Arabic : '''معمر القذافي''' Muammar ''al-Gaddafi'' amatwi <small>( ·? Pp. )</small> ), Ubusanzwe yandukuraga mu '''Muammar el-Gaddafi''' kandi akenshi yitwa '''colonel Gaddafi''' (butayu Sirte , Nyakanga 7 ya 1942 - 20 Ukwakira mu 2011 ) yari umuntu gisirikare umunyapolitiki Libya , umukuru w'igihugu kuva 1969 ngo 2011 , umwaka w'impinduramatwara ya [[Libiya]]. m45p8oyk1qho674p6s2bsky532b2xke 0 8839 77408 75381 2021-08-10T02:37:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:YuanEmperorAlbumGenghisPortrait.jpg|thumb|Genghis Khan]] '''Genghis Khan''', izina ry'amavuko '''Temutšin''' ( 1155 cyangwa 1162 - 1227 ) ni amateka y’igihugu kinini mu bwami bwa Mongoliya , washinze na suurkhaan . [[File:Pomnik Czyngis-chana.jpg|thumb]] Ishusho ya Genghis Khan kuva mu kinyejana cya 14 . Inkomoko ya kure y'abakurambere ba Genghis Khan ntabwo isobanutse. Abashinwa bavuze umusatsi utukura n'amaso meza ya se Jesugei-bagaturi. Aho Temuchin yavukiye ni Buryatia y'ubu . Mu Buryats na Tuvaluans ni yo moko ya Abamongoli isiganwa mu Burusiya . == Abamongoli na Horde ya Zahabu == Genghis Khan n'abamusimbuye bashinze ubwami bunini mu mateka muri Aziya , bigarurira kandi bigarurira igice kinini cy'Ubushinwa , Aziya yo hagati , Siberiya y'Amajyepfo n'utundi turere mu myaka makumyabiri . Mu 1223 , mu Abamongoli barungitswe Corps na ku Polovets ingabo ya batatu Russian principalities n'abambari babo baricanye mu ntambara ya Kalka , yari yatsinze ingabo Abamongoli. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Genghis Khan, igihugu cyagabanijwemo abahungu be muri ulul, maze umuhungu we wa gatatu, Ugedei ( Ögödei ) (1227-1241) , aba umutware w'igihugu - Khan wa kabiri ukomeye wakomeje neza politiki yo kwigarurira se. . Ulus yagombaga gutanga ingabo zo kwiyamamaza. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 13, abaturage b'Abanyamongoliya basabwe kuba abantu bagera ku 500.000 (ugereranije: miliyoni zirenga 50 mu Bushinwa, abagera kuri miliyoni 5 mu Burusiya, 400.000 kugeza 500.000 Polovets, 150.000 kugeza 200.000). pq1wu1mi5nfoqooob58uj50ltufm4wk 0 8840 75382 2021-04-18T20:11:52Z Deborahjay 6702 Deborahjay moved page [[Ghengis Khan]] to [[Genghis Khan]]: standard romanized spelling wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Genghis Khan]] a8eqhyy7tc9wpvononn4t59e2bs2tzf 0 8842 75392 75391 2021-04-26T22:25:30Z 178.139.238.46 wikitext text/x-wiki U Rwanda-Urundi ni izina rya kera ku Rwanda n'Uburundi. Bombi bari bagize [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba kugeza mu 1916. Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, ingabo z'Ababiligi Publique zaturutse muri [[Kongo]] zateye mu turere twazo; mu bukoloni bw’Abadage uturere twakiriwe n’abongereza kuguma ku ruhande rw’Ababiligi. [[File:LocationRuandaUrundi.png|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Rwanda y Uburundi </font>]] cihmltx2ogvzumld3jidriz50758l3i 0 8843 79387 77821 2021-09-08T20:53:13Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Paul Rusesabagina |- | colspan="3" |Paul Rusesabagina n'umudari wakiriwe 2005.[[File:Paul Rusesabagina1.jpg|thumb|left]] |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yihariye |- !Ivuka | colspan="2" |Ku ya 15 Kamena 1954 (imyaka 67) Murama , [[Kigali]],[[Ruanda-Urundi]] |- !Murugo | colspan="2" |Buruseli-Capital na [[Texas]] Region |- !Ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |U Rwanda - Umubiligi |- !Amoko | colspan="2" |[[Abahutu]] |- !Iyobokamana | colspan="2" |Ubukristo (Adiventiste) |- !Ishyaka rya politiki | colspan="2" |Umuryango u Rwanda uharanira impinduka za demokarasi (MRDC) |- ! colspan="3" |Umuryango |- !Uwo mwashakanye | colspan="2" |Esiteri Sembeba (m. 1967- div. 1981) Tatiana Rusesabagina (m. 1989) |- !Bana | colspan="2" |Roger, Diane Lys, Tresor, Anais na Carine Kanimba |- ! colspan="3" |Uburezi |- !Yize muri | colspan="2" | * Kenya Utalii College * Ishuri Rikuru rya Kaminuza Dublin |- ! colspan="3" |Amakuru yumwuga |- !Umwuga | colspan="2" |Rwiyemezamirimo , umwanditsi |- !Umukoresha | colspan="2" |[[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] |- !Icyubahiro | colspan="2" | * Umudari wa Perezida w'ubwisanzure * Umudari wa Wallenberg |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432712 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} '''Paul Rusesabagina''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Kamena 1954) ni ikiremwamuntu cyo mu Rwanda , mu gihe yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wa hoteri , yahishe kandi arinda impunzi z’Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe mu Rwanda . Muri izo mpunzi nta n'umwe muri bo wakomeretse cyangwa ngo yicwe. Yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa Sabena uzwi cyane muri Hôtel des Mille Collines nyuma yo kuba umuyobozi wa Hôtel des Diplomates, bombi mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda . Mu gihe cya jenoside yakoresheje uruhare rwe n’umuhuza nk'umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa Hôtel des Mille Collines kugira ngo abuze abatutsi kwicwa ''n’interahamwe'' . Imbaraga za Rusesabagina nizo zashingiweho mu gihembo cya Akademiki cyitiriwe Filime ''Hotel Rwanda'' (2004), aho yagaragajwe n’umukinnyi w’umunyamerika Don Cheadle. == Amavuko n'umwuga == Rusesabagina yabyawe na se w'Abahutu na nyina w'Abatutsi i Murama, mu Rwanda. Yari afite abandi bavukana umunani kandi ntabwo yari mukuru cyangwa umuto. Byari bimenyerewe kugira imiryango ivanze nubwo hari amakimbirane hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi; kimwe n'indi miryango, Paul n'umuryango we ntibitaye kubyo batekereza. Ababyeyi ba Rusesabagina bamwohereje ku ishuri mu mujyi uri hafi ya Gitwe ; ishuri ryayoborwaga n'Itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi . Afite imyaka umunani yashoboraga gusoma no kuvuga igifaransa, kandi afite imyaka cumi n'itatu yashoboraga gusoma no kuvuga icyongereza. Mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu, Rusesabagina yashakaga gukurikirana inyungu ze mu itorero ryitabira seminari kugira ngo abe umukozi. Yashimishijwe kandi n'umukobwa w'umupasitori nyafurika w'itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi, Reverend Sembeba. Yitwa Esiteri, maze ku ya 8 Nzeri 1967 barashyingiranwa atangira kujya mu ishami rya tewolojiya mu gihugu cya Kameruni kugira ngo abe minisitiri. Ukuboza 1978, we, umugore we n'abana babiri bimukiye i Kigali. Igihe yari ahari, inshuti yo mu bwana, Isaac Mulihano, yatumiye Rusesabagina gusaba akazi muri Milles Collines aho Mulihano yakoraga n'aho hafungura. Yabaye indashyikirwa muri hoteri, nyuma yoherezwa mu Busuwisi na Bruxelles aho yize byinshi ku bijyanye n’ibyokurya, kubika ibitabo, ubupfura, gucunga imishahara, uburyo bwo gutegura intego z’inzego, n’uburyo bwo guha akazi n’abakozi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro. Icyakora, umurimo we uhoraho watumaga atandukana n'umugore we Esiteri. Batandukanye mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko mu 1981 kandi yemerewe kurera burundu abana babo batatu: Diane, Lys, na Roger. Mu 1987, yatumiwe mu bukwe aho yahuriye na Tatiana, umuja w’icyubahiro n’umuforomokazi w’abatutsi i Ruhengeri . Rusesabagina yemerewe n'umukiriya wa Milles Collines, Minisitiri w’ubuzima, kugira ngo Tatiana yimurirwe ku kazi mu bitaro bikuru bya Kigali. Tatiana na Paul bashakanye nyuma yimyaka ibiri arera abana be. Nyuma, babyaranye umuhungu, Tresor. [[Dosiye:Facade of Hotel des Mille Collines - a.k.a. Hotel Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Hotel des Mille Collines]] Mu 1992, Paul Rusesabagina yazamuwe kuba umuyobozi wungirije wa hoteri mushiki wa Milles Collines witwa Diplomates Hotel; aya mahoteri yari afite ihuriro ry’abasuwisi n’Ababiligi Sabena. [[Dosiye:Paul_Rusesabagina_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Paul Rusesabagina (cropped)]] == Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda == Mu Rwanda, mu gihe Paul yarimo yiga i Nairobi , mu Busuwisi , no mu Buruseli , guverinoma yiganjemo Abahutu ya Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana yahuye n'igitutu cy'ingabo z'inyeshyamba zari ziyobowe n'Abatutsi igihe zageragezaga gukomeza ubutegetsi bwazo. Machetes yarategetswe azanwa mu murwa mukuru ahabwa Interahamwe ; mu gihe abatutsi barimo kuvangura, ibihuha byazanywe na radiyo RTLM byasobanuye ko abatutsi bashakaga kwica Abahutu bose. Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yarashwe na misile ziva mu kirere ubwo yegeraga ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali kugira ngo igwe. Mu ndege hamwe na Habyarimana hari Perezida wa Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira , umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda Déogratias Nsabimana , na Coloneli Elie Sagatwa , ukuriye umutekano wa perezida. Ibisigazwa byageze mu busitani bw'ingoro ya perezida maze abari mu ndege bose baricwa. Mu Jenoside yatangiye ku ya 6 Mata, 1994. Ku itariki ya 7 Mata, 1994 kurinda Perezida yishwe Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimanahamwe n'abandi baminisitiri benshi, aribo abo mu mashyaka ya politiki atandukanye n'ay'uwiciwe Habyarimana ndetse n'abateganijwe kuzagira uruhare rukomeye muri guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yari yateganyirijwe guhita ku ya 8 Mata. Interahamwe zahigiye abatutsi zitangira kubica mugitangira jenoside. Nubwo Rusesabagina yari Umuhutu (ise yari Umuhutu na nyina umututsi), umugore we Tatiana yari umututsi kandi abana be babonaga ko bavanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntiyashoboye gutoroka akarere k’intambara hamwe n’umuryango we. Igihe urugomo rwatangiraga, Rusesabagina yazanye umuryango we muri Hôtel des Mille Collines kugira ngo umutekano. Igihe abandi bayobozi bagenda, Rusesabagina yaterefonnye ba nyiri sosiyete, Sabena , maze abona ibaruwa imugira umuyobozi mukuru w'agateganyo wa Mille Collines. Igihe imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu yica yateraga ubwoba ko izinjira muri Mille Collines, Rusesabagina yemeje ko umugore we n'abana be bahungiye amahoro mu gikamyo banyuze kuri bariyeri. Ikamyo yerekeje ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali kugira ngo bashobore guhungira mu kindi gihugu. We ubwe yagumye muri hoteri kuko impunzi zari zimukeneye. Rusesabagina n'umugore we baganiriye kuri iki cyemezo amasaha menshi, kuko yari yaramusezeranyije ko atazigera amutererana muri ibi bihe. Rusesabagina yashakaga kuguma, atinya ko impunzi zisigaye zizicwa kandi akumva ko atazigera ababarira. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda (1962–2001).svg|thumb|rwanda]] Tatiana yari yibasiwe cyane n’igitero simusiga kuko yari umugore w’umuyobozi wa Mille Collines, wari wihishe kandi agerageza kurinda abantu barenga 1200; imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu yari izi ko we n'abana be bari mu gikamyo kubera ubutumwa bwa radiyo bwoherejwe n'umunyamakuru Georges Ruggiu . Ruggiu yari Umutaliyani - Umubiligi wagize uruhare mu maradiyo kugira ngo ateze amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko kandi ashishikarize abaturage b'Abahutu kwica Abatutsi bose. Ruggiu yise umuryango wa Rusesabagina "inkoko zahunze, ariko nyuma akazagaruka kwica Abahutu bose". Umuryango wa Tatiana wahuye namakuba akomeye. Nyina, hamwe na bishywa be 4, bazize itsembabwoko kandi murumuna we na muramu we baburiwe irengero. Se yishyuye imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu kugira ngo yicwe kugira ngo adapfa urupfu rubabaje:<blockquote> Twese twari tuzi ko tuzapfa, ntakibazo. Ikibazo gusa cyari uburyo. Bashobora kudutema ibice? Numuhoro wabo bagucaga ukuboko kwi bumoso. Noneho barazimira bakongera kugaragara nyuma yamasaha make kugirango bagabanye ikiganza cyawe cyiburyo. Nyuma gato bazagaruka ukuguru kwawe kwi bumoso nibindi barakomeza kugeza upfuye. Bashakaga kugutera umubabaro igihe kirekire gishoboka. Hariho ubundi buryo bumwe: washoboraga kwishyura abasirikare kugirango bakurase. Nibyo se [Tatiana] yakoze. -  </blockquote>Interahamwe yasize imirambo hafi miliyoni. Muri Nyakanga 1994, inyeshyamba z'Abatutsi zasunitse imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu muri Kongo , nyuma y'icya kabiri cy'abatutsi mu Rwanda bishwe. Rusesabagina yajyanye imfubyi mu nkambi inyuma y’imitwe y’inyeshyamba z’abatutsi na Tanzaniya , kugira ngo zibungabunge umutekano kandi zitarenga u Rwanda. Ubwicanyi burangiye, bane muri barumuna be umunani bakomeje kuba bazima. Yatanze ibisobanuro mu gitabo cye cyandika ku buzima bwe agira ati: "Ku muryango w'u Rwanda, iyi ni yo ngaruka igereranijwe". Rusesabagina, umugore we n'abana be, n'impunzi amaherezo bashoboye guhungira muri Tanzaniya , babikesha Front Patriotique y'u Rwanda . Nyuma yo kuguma mu Rwanda indi myaka ibiri, Rusesabagina yasabye ubuhungiro mu Bubiligi yimukira i Buruseli mu 1996 nyuma yo guhabwa iterabwoba ryizewe ku buzima bwe. Yimukiye i Buruseli mu Bubiligi ari kumwe n'umugore we, abana, na bishywa be bombi. == Ifatwa == Rusesabagina yakiriye impapuro mpuzamahanga zo guta muri yombi, zatanzwe n'ikigo gishinzwe iperereza mu Rwanda (RIB) n'ubushinjacyaha ku byaha bikomeye nk'iterabwoba, gutwika, gushimuta no kwica abaturage b'inzirakarengane mu bice bitandukanye by'u Rwanda, harimo na Nyabimata mu karere ka Nyungwe. Nyamagabe muri Nyamagabe mu Akarere ka Nyamagabe mu Kuboza 2018. Rusesabagina akekwaho kuba ari we washinze, umuyobozi, umuterankunga akaba n'umwe mu bagize imitwe y'iterabwoba ihohoterwa, intagondwa kandi yitwaje intwaro nka MRCD na [[PDR-Ihumure]] ikorera ahantu hatandukanye mu karere ndetse no mu mahanga ", RIB. yagaragaje ko hasuzumwe icyemezo mpuzamahanga cyo guta muri yombi Rusesabagina ni umuyobozi w’umutwe w’u Rwanda uharanira impinduka za demokarasi (MRDC) Ubu afunzwe azira ibyo byaha by’iterabwoba.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57375720</ref> == Ibihembo byakiriwe == * 2000 - Yakiriye igihembo cya Chaplains kidapfa kubumuntu. * 2005 - Yakiriye umudari wa Wallenberg wo muri kaminuza ya Michigan * 2005 - Yabonye igihembo cy’igihugu cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Nzu Ndangamurage * 2005 - Yabonye umudari wa Perezida w’ubwisanzure * 2007 - Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya Guelph * 2008 - Yabonye Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro muri Gustavus Adolphus College * 2009 - Yabonye Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza ya Loyola Chicago, muri Bachelor of Arts * 2011 - Yakiriye igihembo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Tom Lantos 2011 cyatanzwe na Fondasiyo ya Lantos ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubutabera == Itangazamakuru == === Ibitabo === Inkuru ye mbere yabwiye mu Philip Gourevitch gitabo 's ''twifuza kubamenyesha ko ejo tuzajya kwicishwa imiryango yacu'' , aho yasohotse mu 1998. === Kwiyandikisha === Igitabo ku mibereho ye ''isanzwe w'umuntu'' (byanditswe na Tom Zoellner <nowiki>ISBN 0-670-03752-4</nowiki>) yasohotse ku Zach Murino mu Mata 2006. === Filime === Ibikorwa bya Paul byerekanwe muri firime ya ''Hotel Rwanda'' 2004 yakinwe na Don Cheadle . imikorere Cheadle yari yahuye na impundu biruhije filime yari bahatanira mu Award Academy kuko Actor Best , Golden Globe Award for Actor Best - Icyifuzo Ifoto Drama na Screen Actors Guild Award for bwihariye Performance filimi Male mu uruhare . == Amakimbirane na Paul Kagame == Perezida wa Rusesabagina na perezida w’u Rwanda akaba n'uwahoze ayobora umutwe w’igihugu gishinzwe gukunda igihugu (FPR) Paul Kagame babaye abanzi rusange. Mu gitabo cye cyandika ku buzima bwe, Rusesabagina agira ati: "Uyu munsi u Rwanda ni igihugu kiyobowe kandi kigamije inyungu z'itsinda rito ry'abatutsi b'indobanure ... Abo bahutu bake bazamuwe mu myanya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ubusanzwe ni imyenda yambaye ubusa nta bubasha nyabwo bafite. ibyabo. Bazwi cyane nka Hutus de service cyangwa Abahutu kugira ngo bahabwe akazi. " Yamaganye kandi amatora ya Kagame kuri perezida. Ku ya 6 Mata 2006, Kagame yatanze igitekerezo ati: "[Rusesabagina] akwiye kugerageza impano ye ahandi kandi ntagende ku kinyoma cyo kuba intwari, kuko ari ibinyoma rwose." N'ubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Rusesabagina mu kiganiro mbwirwaruhame yabereye muri kaminuza ya Michigan ku ya 27 Werurwe 2014 ko yahisemo kubabarira Kagame, kubera ko ubu ari bwo buryo bwonyine u Rwanda rushobora guca kuri jenoside. Francois Xavier Ngarambe , perezida wa Ibuka , umuryango w’umuryango w’amashyirahamwe y’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside, yavuze kuri Rusesabagina, ati: "yashimuse ubutwari. Arimo gucuruza na jenoside. Agomba kuregwa." Terry George, umuyobozi wa ''Hotel Rwanda'' , yaranze iki gitekerezo mu rwego rwo kwiyamamaza. Mu mwaka wa 2008, hasohotse igitabo cyitwa ''Hotel Rwanda cyangwa Jenoside y'Abatutsi nk'uko byagaragajwe na Hollywood'' , cyanditswe na Alfred Ndahiro , umujyanama ushinzwe imibanire rusange na Kagame n'umunyamakuru Privat Rutazibwa . Itanga ubundi buryo bwo kwerekana ibikorwa bya Rusesabagina nkuko bigaragara muri ''Hotel Rwanda'' . Rusesabagina yahoraga ahakana ibirego byatanzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda ishinja Rusesabagina gufasha ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohora u Rwanda , umutwe w'inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda. Mu kiganiro twagiranye na CNN Rusesabagina mu mwaka wa 2010 yagize ati: "Nta mafaranga nohereje ku iterabwoba ... Ntabwo [umushinjacyaha] abeshya gusa, ahubwo abeshya afite ibitekerezo bibi ..... Ibi ni ibihimbano byoroheje kandi byoroshye biva i Kigali." == Impaka == Bamwe mu barokotse itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994 ryabereye muri Hôtel des Mille Collines, barimo Edouard Kayihura, umunyamategeko akaba n'uwahoze ari umushinjacyaha ushinjwa itsembabwoko mu Rwanda, na Odette Nyiramilimo, umuganga w'u Rwanda waje kuba senateri na minisitiri muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda. , ikibazo Rusesabagina ibikorwa byubutabazi. Mu ibaruwa Odette yandikiye Terry George, umuyobozi wa filime Hotel Rwanda, yanditse ati: "Abantu barashimira [Rusesabagina] uburyo yita ku mfubyi muri hoteri, kandi arabyemera! Terry, nta mfubyi zigeze zibaho! Ninde wabikora! babazanye? Abantu bamwe barampamagara cyangwa bakanyoherereza ubutumwa bwiza banshimira kuba naritaye ku mfubyi muri kiriya gihe kibabaje. Birumvikana ko ndabisobanura ko bitabaye gutya! Ariko byabaye wenda ahandi ". Igitabo Kayihura "Imbere ya Hotel Rwanda: bitangaje nyakuri Inkuru kandi kuki bihambaye Today" (Benbella Books, 2014) bigaragaza ivuguruzanya amagambo ashikanishwa Rusesabagina ubwe kuva 1994, nka uko yihanangiriza abantu kurya no kunywa mu gihe cya jenoside anakangisha kwirukana Christophe Shamukiga, utuye muri Hôtel des Mille Collines, kubera gukwirakwiza ibinyobwa bidasembuye, amazi yatetse, hamwe na kuki ku bandi bashyitsi ba hoteri basanze muri cache yo hasi atabishyuye. Rusesabagina arahakana ibyo birego. Rusesabagina yavuze kandi ko inyeshyamba za FPR zakoze jenoside mu gihe cy'amakimbirane. Izo ikirego bivuguruza umurimo by'amateka nka Alison Des Forges (Leave n'umwe ngo Bwira Inkuru: Jenoside mu Rwanda), nubwo nk'uko abatohozakahise n'ibindi nka Gérard Prunier (Afurika y'Isi), FPR yakoze, mu kuza imbaraga, kwica umubare munini w'Abahutu n'Abatutsi, ahanini ntavangura, nk'igikoresho cyo kugenzura politiki. Reba kandi guhakana Jenoside yo mu Rwanda . rw3p6jkbrpdxg1tbosqeyjw4vtezzgo 0 8846 78725 75422 2021-08-26T08:21:31Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Radoje Domanovic.PNG|alt=|thumb|Radoje Domanović]] [[Dosiye:Radoje_Domanović_1998_Yugoslavia_stamp.jpg|thumb|Radoje Domanović]] '''Radoje Domanović''' (16 Gashyantare 1873 – 17 Kanama 1908) yarumwandi wo muri [[Seribiya]], umunyamakuru n’ umwalimu. Yamenyekanye cyane kubera inkuru yandikaga zitwa kunenga. ==Inshamake z’ubuzima bwe== Radoje Domanović yavukiye mu umudugudu wa Ovsište hagati muri Serebiya yize amashuri y’isumbuye muri [[Kragujevac]], akomereza muri kaminuza ya Belgrade mu ishami Firosofe aho yigiye ururima rwa Seribiya n’amateka. Kuva 1895–1898 Domanović yakoze nkumwarimi w’ururimi ry’uru Seribiya n’amateka mu majyepfo ya Seribiya. Mugihe yarari kwigisha yatangiye kwandika inkuru. Kubera umubano yaarafitanye n’ishyaka rirwanya ubutegetsi, yatakaje akazi ke noneho yimukana n’umuryango we muri [[Belgrade]]. Muri Belgrade, yatangiye gukora nk’umunyamakuru munyandiko za politike, aho yandikaga yamagana imiyoborere mibi ya leta yari ku ubutegetsi icyo gihe. Radoje yamenyekanye nyuma yo kwandika inkuru yambere yitwaga, “Umuyobozi” (1901) na “Stradija” (1902). Kubera imyitwarire ye, yamenyekanye nkumwe mubarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa [[Obrenović]]. Nyuma y’ihirika kubutegetsi 1903, Domanović yahawe umwanya muri minisiteri y’uburezi, leta nshya Agarutse muri Seribiya, Radoje yasanze ntampinduka yabaye muri mubaturage. Yatangiye ikinyamakuru cye cya politiki kitwaga “Stradija”, aho yakomeje kunenga integernkeya za demokarasi nshyashya, ariko inyandiko ze ntago zari zigifite imbaraga ntago zashishikarizaga nkuko zahoze. Radoje Domanović yitabye imana saa sita n’igice 17 kanama 1908 afite imya 35. Yaramaze igihe arwaye indwara zo mubuhumekero. Inyandiko ze zasigaye atazishyize hanze zaratakaye muntambara yambere y’isi. Butewe n’akamaro yagize mukurwanya imbaraga za leta zabagaho icyogihe, yafatwaga nk’umwanditsi mwiza muri Seribiya mukinyejana cya 20.<ref>[https://domanovic.org/foreign-languages/kinyarwanda/ Radoje Domanović (Kinyarwanda)]</ref> ==Zimwe munyandiko== Zimwe munyandiko ze nizi zikurikira: * Gukuraho ibyiyumviro bikomeye, 1898 * Imyukamibi, 1898 * Intekerezo zabanya Seribiya, ikimasa, 1902 * Inyanja yakamye, 1902 * Kraljević Marko mubanyaSeribiya kunshuro ya kabiri, 1901 * Umuyobozi, 1901 * Stradija, 1902 ==Reba== {{reflist}} ==Imiyoboro== [https://domanovic.org/foreign-languages/kinyarwanda/ Inyandiko zuzuye za Radoje Domanović] [[Category:Seribiya]] [[Category:Abagabo]] 80jba30d7qxh75ysb08ekazt50ftant 14 8848 75433 2021-05-09T17:16:29Z Jadnapac 8232 Created page with "Iyi page ikubiyemo ingingo zijyanye no kubaka amahoro" wikitext text/x-wiki Iyi page ikubiyemo ingingo zijyanye no kubaka amahoro nq8jopwo29y2vqmqpmycpfjf850680i 14 8851 75444 2021-05-11T19:23:58Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bavutse muri 1940" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bavutse muri 1940 7bcdrds25jc02qred506ivfapbneg0x 14 8852 75445 2021-05-11T19:25:40Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bapfuye muri 2017" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bapfuye muri 2017 65s7ja6zf4jfavr9ckkjcwiyfb6qwgz 14 8853 75449 2021-05-11T19:31:54Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bakina filime" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bakina filime sndsg5e8szktnz69clj51cp0bwci42l 14 8855 75452 2021-05-11T19:45:56Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy'abanyarwenya" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy'abanyarwenya bqsxozq3binimaymdursr0jnwxiuzbf 0 8856 77234 75455 2021-08-09T18:59:51Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Geppi Cucciari.jpg|thumb|340px|Geppi Cucciari]] [[Dosiye:Geppi Cucciari- Sulla terra leggeri (Sassari).jpg|thumb|Geppi Cucciari]] '''Maria Giuseppina Cucciari''' (wavutse ku ya 18 Kanama 1973), uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Geppi Cucciari''', ni umutaliyani uhagaze neza mu bijyanye no gusetsa, akaba umukinnyi wa filime akaba na' umunyamakuru kuri televiziyo. == Ubuzima n'umwuga == Cucciari yavukiye i Cagliari, yamaze ubuto bwe i Macomer, mu ntara ya Nuoro .<ref name="la rep">{{cite news|last1=Sara Chiappori|title=Cucciari: "L'esordio? Ero una sarda sbarcata nella metropoli"|url=http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/09/10/news/cucciari_l_esordio_ero_una_sarda_sbarcata_nella_metropoli-95437215</ref> Yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Cagliari, amaherezo yimukira i Milan ari naho yarangirije muri Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore . Mu 2000 yinjiye mu mahugurwa yikinamico "Scaldasole" nyuma yinjira muri laboratoire y' ubuhanzi Zelig. <ref name="nuova sa">{{cite news|last1=Paolo Sechi|title=E Geppi Cucciari disse il fatidico "Sì"|url=http://lanuovasardegna.gelocal.it/regione/2012/12/23/news/e-geppi-cucciari-disse-il-fatidico-si-1.6243450</ref> Nyuma yo gukora kuri stage no muri gahunda nyinshi za radiyo, Cucciari yagize ikibazo mu 2003 hamwe na ''Zelig Off zitandukanye'' . Hagati ya 2005 na 2009, yari asanzwe muri sitcom ''Belli dentro'', maze mu 2006 atangira kuba umwanditsi hamwe n’igitabo gisekeje cyitwa ''Meglio donna che male accompagnata'' . <ref name="nuova sa"/> Nkumunyamakuru, yakiriye inyandiko ebyiri za Canale 5 yerekana ''Ubutaliyani bwabonye Talent'' .<ref name="nuova sa"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ Filime ! Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2008 | ''Grande, grosso e.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Verdone'' | Tecla | |- | 2013 | ''L'arbitro'' | Miranda | |- | 2013 | ''Ishyaka Ryigenga'' | Martina | |- | 2014 | ''Umugore nk'inshuti'' | Cecilia | |- | 2014 | ''Un fidanzato kuri mia moglie'' | Kamilla Ledda | |- | 2017 | ''Lego Batman'' | Barbara Gordon / Batgirl | Dub yo mu Butaliyani; uruhare rw'ijwi |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Televiziyo ! Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2003–2014 | ''Zelig'' | We / Host | Imyiyerekano itandukanye ya TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2004–2005 | ''MTV Urwenya'' | We wenyine / Umunyamuryango | Igitaramo cyo gusetsa kuri TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2005–2009 | ''Zelig Circus'' | We / Host | Imyiyerekano itandukanye ya TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2005–2012 | ''Belli dentro'' | Maria "Gonni" Gonariya | Urukurikirane rwa TV zo mu Butaliyani; Ibice 70 |- | 2006 | ''Attacco allo Stato'' | Katrina Boratto | Minisiteri ya TV yo mu Butaliyani; Ibice 2 |- | 2007 | ''Geppi Isaha'' | We / Host | Ikiganiro cyo kuri TV cyo mu Butaliyani |- | 2010 | ''Reka tubyine'' | We / Umucamanza | Bidasanzwe |- | 2010–2011 | ''Ubutaliyani bufite impano'' | We / Host | Ubutaliyani bwa TV Yerekana Impano |- | 2013 | ''Le invasioni barbariche'' | We / Umushyitsi | Ikiganiro cyo kuri TV cyo mu Butaliyani |- | 2014 - kugeza ubu | ''Per un pugno di libri'' | We / Host | Umukino wa TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2016 | ''Le Iene'' | We / Umushyitsi | Imyiyerekano itandukanye ya TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2016–2018 | ''Le parole della gutura'' | We / Host | Igitaramo cyo gusetsa kuri TV yo mu Butaliyani |- | 2018 | ''Amici di Maria De Filippi'' | We / Umushyitsi | Ubutaliyani bwa TV Yerekana Impano |- | 2019 - ubungubu | ''Rai Pipol'' | We / Host | Ikiganiro cyo kuri TV cyo mu Butaliyani |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Icyiciro ! Umutwe ! Umwaka ! Uruhare ! Ikibanza |- | ''Umuryango wa Addams'' | 2014–2015 | Morticia Addams | Urugendo rwo mu Butaliyani |} == Reba == * ftsrl3izb685k6j2xpczigkk3qrq6o4 0 8857 77345 77202 2021-08-09T20:30:06Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Michel-Ange_Houasse_001.png|thumb|Inzu ya Michel-Ange Nzojibwami yagene imyidagaduro cyane cyane ishingiye kuri Filimi mu Burundi.]] [[Dosiye:Ford_B2330_NLGRF_photo_contact_sheet_(1976-11-24)(Gerald_Ford_Library).jpg|thumb|Amafoto yerekana zimwe muri filimi zakinwe n'abarundi mugihe cyo Hambere.]] '''Michel-Ange Nzojibwami numukinnyi n'umuyobozi wa filime i''' [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Yamenyekanye cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera imikorere ye nka Coloneli [[Théoneste Bagosora]] muri filime ''Shake Hands With Devil'', akaba yarabonye igihembo cya Genie igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza ku nshuro ya 28 yo gutanga ibihembo bya Genie Awards mu 2008. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171205205052/http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2008/01/29/eastern-promises-and-away-from-her-grab-major-genie-nods-bloody-russian-mob-drama-squares-off-against-poignant-alzheimers-flick "Eastern Promises and Away From Her grab major Genie nods; Bloody Russian mob drama squares off against poignant Alzheimer's flick"]. ''Welland Tribune'', January 29, 2008.</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wa Tubiyage, isosiyete ikora amakinamico yo mu Burundi, <ref name="fmr">[https://web.archive.org/web/20171202093752/http://www.fmreview.org/sites/fmr/files/FMRdownloads/en/FMRpdfs/FMR16/fmr16.3.pdf "Burundians use innovative ways to protect the displaced"].</ref> ndetse na visi-perezida w’umuryango w’inganda w’amafirime COPRODAC. {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2007 | ''Shake hands with the devil'' | Colonel Bagosora | |} == Reba ==  {{reflist|2}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Michel-Ange Nzojibwami at IMDb [[Category:umukinnyi wa filime]] 984dfxk515cog214og7g20alt6m1i28 0 8858 77400 75458 2021-08-10T02:17:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guantanamo movie night.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|cinema ]] '''Marcelline Aboh''' (1940 - 20 Kanama 2017), uzwi ku izina rya '''Détin Bonsoir''', yari umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] ukomoka i Porto-Novo <ref>{{cite news |title=Marcelline Aboh est passée derrière les rideaux – 24 Heures au Bénin |url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Marcelline-Aboh-est-passee-derriere-les-rideaux |work=24 Heures au Bénin |date=21 August 2017 |language=fr}}</ref> . Yapfuye azize indwara y'umutima nyuma yo kugira ibibazo by'ubuzima kubera imyaka ye. Yari umunyarwenya nyamukuru '''''witsinda ryabantu-basetsa Les échos de la capitale''''' <ref>{{cite news |last1=Boton |first1=Sam |title=Bénin: La comédienne béninoise Marcelline Aboh s'est éteinte |url=https://lanouvelletribune.info/2017/08/benin-comedienne-beninoise-marcelline-aboh-sest-eteinte/ |accessdate=28 November 2019 |work=La Nouvelle Tribune |date=22 August 2017 |language=fr}}</ref>. Yatangiye kwifatanya nabo mu 1980 nyuma yo gutangira umwuga we wa teatre mu 1958. <ref name="JournalAdjinakou-1">{{cite news |last1=da Silva |first1=Cédric |title=Bénin/culture: Marcelline Aboh conduite dans sa dernière demeure |url=https://www.journal-adjinakou-benin.net/actualites/beninculture-marcelline-aboh-conduite-dans-sa-derniere-demeure/ |accessdate=28 November 2019 |work=Journal Adjinakou Benin |date=24 September 2017 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Yari umukinnyi wa filime kandi anazikora, yabyaye abana umunani. == Reba == {{reflist}}  [[Category:1940 Amavuko]] [[Category:2017 kwitaba Imana]] [[Category: Abanyarwenya]] 9lulo1zcv54ay4c0knvs3bjnj0op1zl 14 8859 75459 2021-05-12T11:26:08Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy' ingingo zifite amahuza yo hanze ari mu rurimi rw'igifaransa" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy' ingingo zifite amahuza yo hanze ari mu rurimi rw'igifaransa 1tzugdqp3l1zpf47rjm70u4jano89wx 14 8861 75463 2021-05-12T20:14:57Z PersideT 9760 Created page with "Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bavutse mu 1954" wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro ni icy'abantu bavutse mu 1954 f4zgsv7daihnpkj55pbdbnztufoutwu 14 8864 75468 2021-05-13T11:51:51Z PersideT 9760 Created page with "Iki cyiciro n'icy'abantu bakina firime muri Milan." wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro n'icy'abantu bakina firime muri Milan. nprgqalkjt6k5znee2poj59ujf43nap 14 8865 75469 2021-05-13T11:52:58Z PersideT 9760 Created page with "Iki cyiciro nicy'abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Burundi." wikitext text/x-wiki Iki cyiciro nicy'abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Burundi. esgrhrbwx449ctyjhbin787w525dmow 0 8866 78389 75472 2021-08-24T10:53:52Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anna Mazzamauro Fantozzi.png|thumb|300px|Anna Mazzamauro]] [[Dosiye:Anna_Mazzamauro.jpg|thumb|Anna Mazzamauro]] '''Anna Mazzamauro''' (wavutse 1 Ukuboza 1938) ni umukinnyi wa filime w'umutaliyani, umunyarwenya ndetse n'umukozi kuri tereviziyo. == Ubuzima n'umwuga == '''Anna Maria Mazzamauro''' yavukiye i [[Roma]], atangira gukina filime mu 1967, muri Massimo Franciosa's Pronto ''... c'è una certa Giuliana per te'' . <ref name=fc>{{cite book|author=Massimo Giraldi|author2=Enrico Lancia|author3=Fabio Melelli|title=Cento caratteristi del cinema italiano|publisher=Gremese Editore, 2006 pages=37–38}}</ref><ref name=Enciclop>{{cite book|author=Gianni Canova|title=Enciclopedia del cinema|publisher=Garzanti, 2009</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe nka Madamu Silvani ''mu rukurikirane rwa'' film ya Fantozzi. Mu 1994, yatowe muri Nastro d'Argento nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi kubera ibikorwa bye muri ''Fantozzi in paradiso'' . <ref>{{cite news|title=Ecco i finalisti dei nastri d'argento|</ref> Mazzamauro akora cyane kuri stage no kuri tereviziyo kandi ni umwanditsi akaba n'umuririmbyi. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 1967 | ''Pronto ... c'è una certa Giuliana per te'' | Marina | |- | 1974 | ''The Beast'' | Inshuti ya Amaliya | |- | 1975 | ''Fantozzi'' | Signorina Silvani | |- | 1975 | Frankenstein Italian Style | Maud | |- | 1976 | ''Il secondo tragico Fantozzi'' | Signorina Silvani | |- | 1976 | ''Tutti possono arricchire tranne i poveri'' | Viviana Renzelli | |- | 1976 | ''La prima notte di nozze'' | | |- | 1977 | ''Three Tigers Against Three Tigers'' | Giada Nardi | |- | 1977 | ''Il ..'' ''.'' ''Belpaese'' | Signora Gruber | |- | 1979 | ''Io zombo, tu zombi, lei zomba'' | Vedova | |- | 1980 | ''The Precarious Bank Teller'' | Selvaggia degli Antigori | |- | 1981 | ''Fracchia la belva umana'' | Signorina Corvino | |- | 1983 | ''Fantozzi subisce ancora'' | Signorina Silvani | |- | 1983 | ''Sfrattato cerca casa equo canone'' | Angelica Stroppaghetti | |- | 1984 | ''Champagne in paradiso'' | Cesarina, Matron | |- | 1988 | ''Fantozzi va in pensione'' | rowspan="5" | Signorina Silvani | |- | 1990 | ''Fantozzi alla riscossa'' | |- | 1993 | ''Fantozzi in paradiso'' | |- | 1996 | ''Fantozzi - Il ritorno'' | |- | 1999 | ''Fantozzi 2000 - La clonazione'' | |- | 1999 | ''Una furtiva lacrima'' | | |- |2016 | ''Poveri ma ricchi'' | Nonna Nicoletta Tucci | |- | 2017 | ''Poveri ma ricchissimi'' | Nicoletta | (uruhare rwa nyuma rwa film) |} == Reba == {{Reflist}}  == Ihuza ryo hanze == * * [http://www.discogs.com/artist/Anna+Mazzamauro Anna Mazzamauro] at [[:en:Discogs|Discogs]] [[Category:1954 Amavuko]] jxuskruie9gxqngglisywgz7h9veerg 0 8867 78105 77828 2021-08-21T01:26:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pierre_Claver_Mbonimpa_VOA_studio_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb| Pierre Claver Mbonimpa avugana n'ijwi rya Amerika muri 2017]] '''Pierre Claver Mbonimpa''' ni uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Yashizeho ishyirahamwe rirengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n’abantu bafunzwe (APRODH) muri Kanama 2001. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Mbere yuko Mbonimpa ashinga APRODH, yakoraga nk'umukozi wa Leta muri Minisiteri y'Ubukungu n'Imari mu Burundi. Yaje kuba umwe(umupolisi) mu bagize Air and Customs Police; mu gihe yari kuri uyu mwanya yashinjwaga mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko maze atabwa muri yombi azira gutunga intwaro itemewe, maze akora imyaka ibiri muri gereza ya Mpimba kuva 1994 kugeza 1996. Muri iyo myaka ibiri y'igifungo, Mbonimpa yanyuze mu iyica rubozo no gukubitwa, kandi uburambe yahakuye ni bwo bwamuteye gushinga APRODH. Mu 1995, nyuma y'umwaka afunzwe, yagize igitekerezo cyo gushinga umuryango udaharanira inyungu, kandi akorana n’abandi bagororwa babiri, bandika ingingo z’ishyirahamwe riharanira uburenganzira bw’imfungwa. Nyuma yo kureba ingaruka z’ubuzima bwa gereza, no guhohotera amoko yose, iryo shyirahamwe ntirivangura muri iyi mirongo, kandi riharanira kurengera uburenganzira bw’imfungwa zose. == Guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu == Mbonimpa yashinze umuryango uhuza abantu benshi APRODH, ntabwo biyamamaje gusa mu rwego rwo kurengera uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’ikiremwamuntu bw’imfungwa zose, harimo abantu 9000 cyangwa barenga bategereje kuburanishwa muri gahunda ya gereza yuzuye abantu benshi. Bafite kandi uruhare mu gukumira iyicarubozo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ndetse no kurengera abana mu nzego z’ubugizi bwa nabi. [[Dosiye:Flag of Burundi.svg|thumb|320x320px|Burundi]] Uburundi ntabwo bufite ifungwa ry’abana / gahunda y’inshinjabyaha, kandi abari hejuru y’imyaka 15 baburanishwa nk'abantu bakuru. Nubwo byemewe n'amategeko, abana bari munsi yiyi myaka ntibagomba gufungwa kubera intambara y'abenegihugu n’imvururu, benshi barafungwa uko byagenda kose. Muri gereza ya Mpimpa, abana b'igitsina gabo n'abagore ntibashobora gufungwa ukwabo; ibi birimo abana b'umugore bafungiye muri gereza, akenshi nyuma yo kuvukira muri gereza. Mbonimpa yakiriye iterabwoba ryinshi ry'urupfu kubera imyifatire ye ndetse no guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, nyamara ntiyaretse ngo ibyo bimukure ku mirimo ye mu Burundi. Yabonye igihembo cya Martin Ennals ku baharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu 2007 n’igihembo cy’ubutwari mu baturage muri 2017. === Gufata no kurasa === Ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2014, Pierre Claver Mbonimpa yongeye gutabwa muri yombi i [[Bujumbura]] . Nyuma yo kubazwa, abashinjacyaha bamushinje guhungabanya umutekano w’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga kubera amagambo yavuzwe kuri radiyo iminsi 10 mbere no gukoresha inyandiko z'ibinyoma. Aya magambo n'inyandiko bifitanye isano n'ibivugwa ko abasore b'Abarundi bitwaje imbunda kandi boherejwe mu myitozo ya gisirikare muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Ifatwa rifatwa nko gutoteza no gukandamiza abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu na Human Rights Watch . <ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/03/when-pierre-claver-mbonimpa-jailed-all-burundians-are-risk "When Pierre Claver Mbonimpa is Jailed, All Burundians Are At Risk"], Human Rights Watch, June 3, 2014.</ref> Mbonimpa arwanya perezida [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]] kandi yarwanyije Nkurunziza kuba yarasabye manda ya gatatu mu 2015. Mbonimpa yarasiwe i Bujumbura ku ya 3 Kanama 2015 kandi "arakomereka cyane". <ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20150803-burundi-human-rights-activist-shot-pierre-claver-mbonimpa "Leading Burundi human rights activist shot"], France 24, 3 August 2015.</ref> Bamwe bemezaga ko icyo gitero cyari kigamije kwihorera ku iyicwa rya Jenerali Adolphe Nshimirimana, umufasha ukomeye wa Nkurunziza wishwe ku munsi wabanjirije uwo. Ku ya 9 Kanama, Mbonimpa wari wakomerekejwe n'amasasu mu maso, yajyanywe mu Bubiligi kugira ngo akomeze kuvurwa. <ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/burundi-says-suspects-killing-general-arrested-171303363.html "Shot rights activist leaves Burundi as top general's 'killers held'"], AFP, 9 August 2015.</ref> Bivugwa ko nyuma yo gufatwa, umukwe wa Mbonimpa yiciwe mu Kwakira 2015 ndetse n' umuhungu we akicwa ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2015. <ref>Eloge Wily Kaneza, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160311022512/http://news.yahoo.com/son-human-rights-activist-killed-burundi-alarm-grows-203900066.html "Son of human rights activist killed in Burundi, alarm grows"], Associated Press, 6 November 2015.</ref> == Ibihembo == Mu 2007, Pierre Claver Mbonimpa yahawe igihembo cya Martin Ennals ku baharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu . <ref>[http://www.martinennalsaward.org/hrd/pierre-claver-mbonimpa-2/ PIERRE CLAVER MBONIMPA2007 LAUREATE]</ref> Muri 2011 Mbonimpa yatsindiye igihembo cya Henry Dunant. <ref>[https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-pierre-claver-mbonimpa About Pierre Claver Mbonimpa]</ref> Muri 2016 Mbonimpa yahawe igihembo cya Alison Des Forges kubera gushyira ubuzima bwe mu guharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ndetse n'abandi. <ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/09/01/pierre-claver-mbonimpa-burundi Pierre Claver Mbonimpa, Burundi]</ref> Muri 2017 Train Foundation yahaye igihembo cy’ubutwari bwa Pierre Claver kubera ubutwari n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Courage Under Fire: Burundian Activist Pierre Claver Mbonimpa Honored for Lifelong Bravery |url=https://globalhumanrights.org/courage-under-fire-burundian-activist-pierre-claver-mbonimpa-honored-for-lifelong-bravery/ |accessdate=2021-05-13 |archive-date=2019-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226050028/https://globalhumanrights.org/courage-under-fire-burundian-activist-pierre-claver-mbonimpa-honored-for-lifelong-bravery/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Reba ==  {{reflist|2}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVTZV264k9A Link to speech at Oslo Freedom Festival] [[Category:Uharanira uburengazira bwa muntu mu Burundi]] 00714gv0ls8ixur8z3ioawpvuuk48b0 0 8868 78388 75478 2021-08-24T10:49:58Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vianello Mondaini 1962.jpg|thumb|300px|Vaniello Mondaini]] [[Dosiye:Sandra_Mondaini.jpg|thumb|Sandra Mondaini]] '''Alessandrina "Sandra" Mondaini''' ( Italian: [ˈSandra mondaˈiːni] ; 1 Nzeri 1931 &#x2013; 21 Nzeri 2010) yari umukinnyi wa filime w' umutaliyani akaba kandi yarayoboraga ibiganiro kuri televiziyo . Yagaragaye muri filime 30 hagati ya 1953 na 2008. Yavukiye i Milan mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], ashakana n'umukinnyi wa filime Raimondo Vianello mu 1962. Afatanije n' umugabo we, yakiriye ibiganiro bitandukanye kuri tereviziyo y' Ubutaliyani harimo: ''Tante scuse'', ''Di nuovo tante scuse'', ''Attenti a noi due'', ''Sandra e Raimondo Show'' na ''Stasera niente di nuovo'' . Hagati ya 1988 na 2007 yagize uruhare runini muri sitcom, Casa Vaniello izwi cyane yo mu Butaliyani. Ibikorwa bye bya nyuma yari filime ya''Crociera Vianello'' yakuwe muri ''Casa Vianello'' . Yapfuye ku ya 21 Nzeri 2010 i Milan afite imyaka 79, amezi atanu nyuma y'uko umugabo we apfuye. <ref>[http://www.italymagazine.com/italy/milano/italy-says-farewell-sandra Italy says farewell to Sandra]</ref> == Amashusho == * ''[[Attanasio cavallo vanesio]]'' (1953) - Soubrettina * ''[[Laugh! Laugh! Laugh!]]'' (1954) - Innamorata litigiosa * ''[[No, no, Nanette]]'' (1955) (TV) * ''[[Io piaccio]]'' (1955) - The Harassing Woman at Theatre * ''Motivo in maschera'' (1955) * ''[[Il campanile d'oro]]'' (1955) - Rosetta * ''[[Susanna tutta panna]]'' (1957) - Marisa Trombetti * ''[[Le dritte]]'' (1958) - Rina Bettini * ''[[La ragazza indiavolata]]'' (1958) (TV) * ''[[Il gatto in cantina]]'' (1958) (TV) * ''[[Noi siamo due evasi]]'' (1959) - Isabella * ''[[Tom Jones (TV series)|Tom Jones]]'' (1960) (TV) * ''[[Caccia al marito]]'' (1960) - Ilde Cavazza * ''[[Le olimpiadi dei mariti]]'' (1960) - Sandra, Raimondo's wife * ''[[Un mandarino per Teo]]'' (1960) - Rosanella Ferrante * ''[[Ferragosto in bikini]]'' (1960) - La padrona della pensione Stella (voice) * ''[[Bellezze sulla spiaggia]]'' (1961) * ''[[Hercules in the Valley of Woe]]'' (1961) * ''[[Scandali al mare]]'' (1961) - Alba * ''[[Le magnifiche sette]]'' (1961) - Sergente Stefania * ''[[La ragazza sotto il lenzuolo]]'' (1961) - Greta * ''Gli italiani e le donne'' (1962) - Livia (segment "L'Auto-garçonniere") * ''[[Il coraggio]]'' (1962) (TV) * ''[[Principesse Violini e Champagne]]'' (1963) (TV) * ''[[The Shortest Day|Il giorno più corto]]'' (1963) - Erede Siciliana (uncredited) * ''[[Le motorizzate]]'' (1963) - The Lady Driver (segment "Un Investimento Sicuro") * ''[[Siamo tutti pomicioni]]'', regia di [[Marino Girolami]] (1963) - Lidia - Floro's wife (segment "Il piazzista") * ''[[La donna degli altri è sempre più bella]]'' (1963) - La signora Parodi (segment "La natura vergine") * ''[[I maniaci]]'' (1964) - Paolo's Wife (segment "i consigli") * ''[[Cadavere per signora|Corpse for the Lady]]'' (1964) - Marina * ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone]]'' (1965) * ''[[Spiaggia libera]]'' (1966) - Maria - la moglie dell'ingegnere * ''[[Mi vedrai tornare]]'' (1966) - Moglie di Tommasso, cameriera * ''[[Veneri in collegio]]'' (1966) - Leontine * ''[[A... come assassino]]'' (1966) * ''[[Due dozzine di rose scarlatte]]'' (1966) (TV) * ''[[Chi non prova non ci crede]]'' (1968) (TV) * ''[[Bertoldo Bertoldino e Cacasenno]]'' (1969) (TV) * ''[[La donna di cuori]]'' (1969) (TV) - Brigitte Ansara * ''[[Sbirulino]]'' (1982) - Sbirulino * ''[[Casa Vianello]]'' (1988-2006) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Cascina Vianello]]'' (1996) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Caro maestro]]'' (1996) (TV) - Aunt Ottilia * ''[[Caro maestro 2]]'' (1997) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[I misteri di Cascina Vianello]]'' (1997) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Crociera Vianello]]'' (2008) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini {{div col end}} == Reba == {{Reflist}}  == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Sandra Mondaini at IMDb * Sandra Mondaini at AllMovie [[Category:Abakinnyi ba filime muri Milan]] 570w6sa0zfcaltf91kvvhvgz77y7rse 0 8869 78968 77236 2021-08-30T07:49:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GertrudeCurtis1910.png|thumb|Gertrude Curtis]] [[Dosiye:Othilia_Gertrude_Carroll_Beals,_ca_1900_(PORTRAITS_1842).jpg|thumb|Gertrude Curtis]] {{Infobox person|name=Gertrude Curtis|death_place=|spouse(s)=[[Cecil Mack]]<br>[[Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson]]|notable_works=|known_for=|years_active=|occupation=Dentist|nationality=American|death_date=August 3, 1973|image=GertrudeCurtis1910.png|birth_place=|birth_date=March 1, 1880|birth_name=|other_names=Gertrude Curtis McPherson (using 1st husband's legal surname)|caption=Gertrude Curtis, from a 1910 newspaper.|alt=The face of a young African-American woman.|relatives=}} Gertrude Curtis Gertrude Curtis, kuva mu kinyamakuru cyo mu 1910 '''Yavutse''' 1 Werurwe, 1880 '''Yapfuye''' 3 Kanama, 1973 '''Ubwenegihugu''' Umunyamerika '''Andi mazina''' Gertrude Curtis McPherson (Twongeyeho izina ry'umugabo ryemewe n'amategeko) '''Umwuga''' Umuganga w'amenyo '''Uwo Bashakanye''' Cecil Mack Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson '''Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis''' (1 Werurwe 1880 - 3 Kanama 1973), uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''Gertrude Curtis McPherson''', yari umuganga w’amenyo w’umunyamerika. Yakoze umwuga we igihe kinini i Harlem. == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == Curtis akomoka i Bradford, muri Pennsylvania, yari umukobwa wa Stephen Curtis na Agnes Elizabeth Curtis. Se yakoraga umwuga wo kogosha. Curtis Yarangije muri kaminuza ya New York College of Dental and Oral Surgery mu 1909, yabaye umugore w'umwirabura wa mbere wabonye impamyabumenyi mu mwuga wo kuvura rw’amenyo i New York. == Umwuga == Nyuma gato yo gusoza amashuri yiwe yo kuvura amenyo, Curtis yayoboye ivuriro ry'amenyo Bitaro bya Bellevue . Yakoze i Harlem imyaka myinshi. <ref>Sager, Kate Day. [https://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/bradford-native-dr-gertrude-curtis-was-a-pioneering-black-female-dentist/article_f5767328-2768-11e9-aeb1-dbe1ddf7a2a6.html "Bradford native, Dr. Gertrude Curtis, was a pioneering black female dentist"] ''Olean Times Herald'' (February 2, 2019).</ref> Curtis yakoraga muri politiki no mu miryango itegamiye kuri leta. Yabaye intumwa mu nama ya Republican State Convention yabereye i Saratoga mu 1918, <ref>"Elect Four Women to G. O. P." ''The Chicago Defender'' (August 3, 1918): 5. via ProQuest.</ref> kandi yongera guhagararira club yitwa Roosevelt Colored Women's Republican mu nama ya Republican State Convention i Chicago mu 1920. Yabaye perezida w'ihuriro ry’abagore b'imyuga n'ubucuruzi i Harlem mu 1932. <ref>"Dentist" ''The Chicago Defender'' (May 14, 1932): 6. via ProQuest</ref> Yari umunyamuryango wa NAACP, yatanze ikiganiro mu ishyirahamwe rya YWCA no mu itorero Mother Zion ku ngingo z’ubuzima, hanyuma anafasha gukusanya amafaranga yo gufasha ishyirahamwe ryitwa "Sojourner Truth Home for Wayward Girls". <ref name=":1">Traweek, Alison. [https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470/biography-dr-gertrude-elizabeth-curtis-1880-1973#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470 "Biography of Dr. Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis, 1880-1973"] ''Biographical Database of Black Woman Suffragists'' Alexander Street 2016.</ref> Yakoranye umwete muri Harlem Experimental Theatre . Curtis yagize uruhare mubikorwa by'ubuhanzi by'umugabo we. Yafashije kumenyekanisha igitaramo kidasanzwe cyitwa ''Shuffle Along'' ahagana mu 1921, cyari inyungu ya NAACP. Yagiye mu gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1923, kandi akaba yaranayoboye chorale mu kindi gitaramo cyazengurutse i Burayi mu 1929 no 1930. <ref name=":1">Traweek, Alison. [https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470/biography-dr-gertrude-elizabeth-curtis-1880-1973#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470 "Biography of Dr. Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis, 1880-1973"] ''Biographical Database of Black Woman Suffragists'' Alexander Street 2016.</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Curtis yashakanye na Cecil Mack (Richard Cecil McPherson) wahibye "Charleston" mu 1912; yapfakaye igihe Mack yapfaga mu 1944. Mu 1946, yabaye umugore wa kane wumubyinnyi Ulysses "Slow Kid" Thompson, wari warapfushije umugore we Florence Mills. <ref>Holt, Nora. "Dr. Curtis Weds Slow Kid" ''New York Amsterdam News'' (August 31, 1946): 1.</ref> Curtis yapfuye mu 1973 afite imyaka 93. <ref name=":1">Traweek, Alison. [https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470/biography-dr-gertrude-elizabeth-curtis-1880-1973#page/1/mode/1/chapter/bibliographic_entity%7Cbibliographic_details%7C3893470 "Biography of Dr. Gertrude Elizabeth Curtis, 1880-1973"] ''Biographical Database of Black Woman Suffragists'' Alexander Street 2016.</ref> == Indanganturo ==  {{reflist}} == Izindi Ntanganturo == * [https://thedailyfloss.com/2019/02/12/tribute-to-gertrude-e-curtis-one-of-the-first-african-american-female-dentists/ "Tribute to Gertrude E. Curtis, one of the first African-American female dentists"] ''The Daily Floss'' (February 12, 2019). Blog post about Curtis. [[Category:Ikinyejana cya 20]] [[Category:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Umunyafrica]] [[Category:Abapfuye mu 1973]] [[Category:Abaganga b'amenyo]] lu10r7f41zog966x1q2ct90vf3umqk9 0 8870 79307 79301 2021-08-31T21:34:02Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Regina Cobb (48090601977).jpg|thumb|Regina Cobb]] [[Dosiye:Doug Ducey & Regina Cobb (48090614772).jpg|thumb|Doug Ducey & Regina Cobb]] {{Infobox officeholder|name=Regina Cobb|death_place=|religion=|profession=|alma_mater=|residence=|children=|spouse=|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|nationality=[[United States|American]]|death_date=|image=Regina Cobb by Gage Skidmore.jpg|birth_place=|birth_date=|alongside=[[Leo Biasiucci]]|successor=Incumbent|predecessor=[[Doris Goodale]]|term_end=|term_start=January 5, 2015|district=[[Arizona 5th Legislative District|5th]]|state_house=Arizona|website=}}Regina Cobb Umwe mu bagize umutwe w'abasenateri mu Ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona Ni we muyobozi uriho '''Yatangiye imirimo''' 5 Mutarama 2015 Yakoranaga na Leo Biasiucci '''Yabanjirijwe na''' Doris Goodale '''Amakuru yihariye''' '''Ubwenegihugu''' Umunyamerika '''Ishyaka rya Politike''' Repubulikana '''Regina Cobb''' ni umusenateri w'umurepubulikana uhagarariye inteko ishinga amategeko mu ntara ya gatanu ariyo Arizona afatanyije na Sonny Borrelli . Ni umuganga w’amenyo. Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Case Western Reserve University mu 1993, ubu akaba akora i Kingman, muri Arizona. Yabaye Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo muri Arizona muri 2009.  [[Dosiye:2021 Arizona National Guard.jpg|thumb|216x216px|arizona]] == Amatora == * Muri 2014 Cobb na Sonny Borrelli batsinze Jennifer Jones, Sam Medrano na George Schnittgrund mu matora y'icyiciro cya mbere cy'abarepubulikana. Borrelli na Cobb batsinze Longoria na Weisser mu matora rusange. Borrelli yabonye amajwi asaga 31.277. == Indanganturo ==  {{Reflist}} == Izindi Ndanganturo == {{Ballotpedia|Regina_Cobb|Regina Cobb}} [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abaganga]] [[Category:Politike y'amerika]] [[Category:Abariho]] [[Category:Arizona]] [[Category:Amenyo]] 4hnf1apfxx5s3i5r8e6sq5apybvlmz3 0 8871 77814 77627 2021-08-17T23:32:25Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Belle Oceanne Iradukunda|image=Los Angeles.jpg.jpg|image_size=|caption=Belle in 2018|birth_name=Belle Oceanne Iradukunda|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1996|11|11}}|birth_place=[[Rwanda]]|alma_mater=|occupation={{hlist |[[Actress]] |[[Screenwriter|Writer]] |[[Film director]] |[[Model (person)|Model]]}}|years_active=2000 - Present|children=|spouse=|known_for={{hlist |''[[Sistas (TV series)]]'' (2019 - present) |''{{'}}Til Death Do Us Part'' (2017)}}|website=}} '''Belle Oceanne Iradukunda''' Belle muri 2018 Belle Oceanne Iradukunda '''Born''' 11 Ugushyingo 1996 (imyaka 24) Rwanda '''Umwuga''' * Umunyamideli * Umukinnyi, * Umwanditsi * Umuyobozi wa firime '''Igihe cy'umwuga''': 2000 kugeza ubu '''Azwi muri''' * Sistas (TV series) (2019 kugeza ubu) * Till Death Do us Part (2017) [[Dosiye:Los_Angeles_City.jpg|thumb|211x211px|Umujyi wa Los Angeles aho Iradukunda Oceanne Belle atuye.]] '''Belle Oceanne Iradukunda''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1996) ni umunyarwanda uvanze n'umunyamerika akaba ari umunyamideli, agakina filime, akandika ndetse akanayobora amafilime. Yavukiye kandi akurira mu [[Rwanda]], ubu akaba atuye i Los Angeles, muri Californiya . Akazina k'akakabyiniriro , ''Belle'', yakiyise nyuma yo gukina mu mafirime nka Living with the Dead, Till Death Do us Apart ndetse na Shifty Business. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Tyler_Perry_Studios.jpg|thumb|Tyler Perry Studios ahakinirwaga ndetse hagakorerwa izi filimi]] Iradukunda yagaragaye mu ikinamico ry'urwenya rya Hollywood yanditswe na Tyler Perry yitwa, ''Sistas'', kuri televiziyo yitwa BET kuva 23 Ukwakira 2019, akina nk'umuseriveri. Muri 2020, yanditse kandi ayobora film yise Thank You for Underestimating Me. == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Réf. |- | 2020 | Thank You for Understimating me | Umuyobozi wa filime Umwanditsi | Filime ivuga ku mibereho mu gihe itarasohoka. | |- | 2017 | ''<nowiki/>' Till Death Do Us Apart'' | Umukinnyi | Urukundo na thriller | |} === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Réf. |- | 2019 kugeza ubu | ''Sistas'' | Umukinnyi (umuseriveri) | Urukurikirane rwa TV (series) | |} == Impaka == Muri Werurwe 2018, ''Ikinyamakuru The New Times'' cyo mu Rwanda cyatangaje ko uyu munyamideli cyangwa umukinnyi wa filime ashinja uwateguye International Fashion week i Kigali, John Bunyeshuli, kuba yaribye igitekerezo cye. [[Dosiye:Indonesians with newspaper.jpg|center|thumb|ikinyamakuru]] == Indanganturo ==  {{Reflist}} == Izindi Ndanganturo == * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm8750457/ Belle Oceanne Iradukunda] kuri IMDb * [https://www.stage32.com/profile/646712/about Oceanne Iradukunda] kuri Stage32 [[Category:Firime]] [[Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Category:Abariho]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda babakinnyi]] 7roz4echjxgeh3dxpcl1htr8ycegpzh 0 8872 78670 76657 2021-08-26T03:27:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox historical event|Event_Name=American Revolution|partof=the [[Atlantic Revolutions]]|Image_Name=Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|Image_Caption=[[John Trumbull]]'s ''[[Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)|Declaration of Independence]]'', showing the [[Committee of Five]] presenting [[United States Declaration of Independence|its draft]] for approval by [[Second Continental Congress]] on June 28, 1776|AKA=|Participants=Colonists in [[British America]]|Location=[[Thirteen Colonies]]|Date=22 March 1765 – 3 September 1783|Result=* Independence of the United States of America from the British Empire * End of British colonial rule in the [[Thirteen Colonies]] * End of the [[British Empire#"First" British Empire (1583–1783)|First British Empire]] * Began the [[Age of Revolution]]}} * [[Dosiye:American Flag Waving on a Flag Pole.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|america]]''Impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika: Ibyanditswe mu Ntambara y'Ubwigenge'' (2001), Isomero rya Amerika, 880 pp * Commager, Henry Steele na Richard B. Morris, ibisobanuro. ''Umwuka wa 'mirongo irindwi na gatandatu': Inkuru ya Revo''[[Dosiye:Museum_of_the_American_Revolution.jpg|thumb|Inzu Ndangamurage ya Revolution y'Abanyamerika]]''lution y'Abanyamerika nkuko byavuzwe nabitabiriye'' . (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958). [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.234145|kumurongo]] mugufi ibice biva mumajana yemewe kandi atemewe * Dann, John C., ed. ''Impinduramatwara Yibukijwe: Inkuru z'ababyiboneye mu ntambara yo kwigenga'' (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0226136248/ igice no gushakisha inyandiko], kwibuka n'abasirikare basanzwe *   * Humphrey, Carol Sue ed. ''Igihe cy'Impinduramatwara: Inyandiko z'ibanze ku byabaye kuva 1776 kugeza 1800'' (2003), 384 pp; amakonte y'ibinyamakuru [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0313320837/ igice no gushakisha inyandiko] * Jensen, Merill, ed. ''Uduce twa Revolution y'Abanyamerika, 1763–1776'' (1967). Udutabo two muri Amerika * Jensen, Merill, ed. ''Inyandiko zamateka yicyongereza: Inyandiko zabakoloni zabanyamerika kugeza 1776: Umubumbe wa 9'' (1955), 890pp; icyegeranyo kinini cyinyandiko zingenzi * Morison, Samuel E. ed. ''Inkomoko ninyandiko zerekana Impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika, 1764–1788, n'ishyirwaho ry'Itegeko Nshinga rya Leta'' (1923). 370 pp [https://www.questia.com/library/book/sources-and-documents-illustrating-the-american-revolution-1764-1788-and-the-formation-of-the-federal-constitution-by-s-e-morison.jsp online version] * Tansill, Charles C. ed.; ''Inyandiko Ishusho Yishyirwaho ryubumwe bwibihugu byamerika.'' Ibiro bya Leta. (1927). 1124 pp [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=61951136 online version] * [[iarchive:TheAmericanRevolutionThroughBritishEyes|Martin Kallich na Andereya MacLeish, ibisobanuro.]] [[iarchive:TheAmericanRevolutionThroughBritishEyes|''Impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika ikoresheje amaso y'Abongereza'' (1962)]] inyandiko y'ibanze * Murdoki, David H. ed. ''Kwigomeka muri Amerika: Ibitekerezo by'Abongereza b'iki gihe, 1769–1783'' (1979), 900+ pp by'ibice bisobanuwe mu ''gitabo cyumwaka'' * [https://www.nps.gov/subjects/americanrevolution/index.htm ''Impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika''], Urubuga rwa Serivisi za Parike ya Amerika * [https://www.nps.gov/articles/american-independence-teaching-with-historic-places.htm ''Ubwigenge bw'Abanyamerika (Kwigisha hamwe''] n’ahantu h'amateka) Kwigisha hamwe n’ahantu h’amateka (TwHP) bifashisha ahantu h'amateka muri Parike y’igihugu no mu gitabo cy’igihugu gishinzwe parike y’igihugu cy’ahantu ndangamateka kugira ngo bibeho amateka, amasomo mbonezamubano, geografiya, uburere mboneragihugu, n’andi masomo. TwHP yakoze ibicuruzwa nibikorwa bitandukanye bifasha abarimu kuzana ahantu h'amateka mwishuri. * [https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/revolution/home.html Isomero rya Kongere Ubuyobozi bwa Revolution y'Abanyamerika] * [https://www.amrevmuseum.org/ Inzu Ndangamurage ya Revolution y'Abanyamerika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150211220154/http://sandbox.nyhsdev.org/sites/default/files/curriculum_materials/revolution/Revolution-Teachers-Guide.zip Impinduramatwara!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150211220154/http://sandbox.nyhsdev.org/sites/default/files/curriculum_materials/revolution/Revolution-Teachers-Guide.zip Isi ya Atalantike Yongeye kuvuka] , Impinduramatwara! ikora ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka nini muri politiki y’isi yabaye kuva 1763–1815, hibandwa cyane cyane ku mpinduramatwara eshatu zikomeye ku isi muri Amerika, Ubufaransa, na Haiti. Guhuza igitero cyagabwe kuri monarchism na aristocracy no kurwanya ubucakara, Revolution! Byerekana uburyo umudendezo, uburinganire, nubusugire bwabaturage byabaye intego rusange. Umuryango w'Amateka ya New-York * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170925043204/https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/collections/the-pageant-of-america-collection#/?tab=navigation&roots=5:ea3df220-c613-012f-a026-58d385a7bc34 Amafoto 132 yamateka yerekana imiterere, inzibutso, intwaro n’ahantu Revolisiyo y'Abanyamerika; aba ni pre-1923 kandi nta burenganzira bafite.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170826032429/https://www.archives.gov/research/military/american-revolution/pictures ''Amashusho yintambara ya Revolution: Hitamo amajwi ya Audiovisual Records''], National Archives and Records Ubuyobozi bwatoranije amashusho, harimo ibintu byinshi bitari ibya gisirikare hamwe namashusho * [https://www.academia.edu/38673024/The_Democratic_Revolution_of_the_Enlightenment Impinduramatwara ya Demokarasi yo Kumurikirwa] . Umurage wo guharanira ubwigenge na demokarasi. * [https://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/ PBS Televiziyo Series ''Liberty''] * [http://www.chickasaw.tv/history-timeline/document/american-revolution Chickasaws Yamaganwe na Revolution y'Abanyamerika] - Chickasaw. TV * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060711130731/http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/revolutionary_money/ Igice cyo kwiga cya Smithsonian kumafaranga ya Revolution] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205161900/http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution Impinduramatwara y'Abanyamerika], Umuyoboro w'Amateka (televiziyo yo muri Amerika) * [http://www.blackloyalist.com/ Umuryango w'Abirabura b'indahemuka] * [http://www.ouramericanhistory.com/ Umusanzu wa Espagne na Amerika y'Epfo muri Revolution y'Abanyamerika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003745/http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html Ububiko bw'Abanyamerika: Inyandiko za Revolution y'Abanyamerika] mu masomero ya kaminuza ya Illinois y'Amajyaruguru * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222045349/http://zinnedproject.org/materials/half-a-revolution/ Gayle Olson-Ramer, "Igice cya Revolution"], igitabo cyigisha impapuro 16 zo kwigisha abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye, Umushinga w'uburezi wa Zinn / Kongera gutekereza ku mashuri * [http://www.democracynow.org/2014/6/27/counter_revolution_of_1776_was_us "Counter-Revolution yo mu 1776": Intambara yo kwigenga muri Amerika yaba yarigometse ku butegetsi bw'ubucakara?] ''Demokarasi Ubu!'' Ku ya 27 Kamena 2014. eivj3k8ttr7a9z439aal7njxke4wd6l 0 8873 75526 75520 2021-05-19T18:30:06Z Cedecejj 9700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Collaborative Palletizer.png|thumb|Uburiri]] A '''uburiri''' , '''uburiri''' cyangwa '''ikirago''' ni A Ikadiri inkwi, pulasitiki cyangwa ibindi ibikoresho bakoresha mu n'uruza imizigo kuko byorohereza ivyuma no gukemura aboroheje hydraulic cranes, yitwa [[forklift]]s. Uwa mbere wayikoresheje ni Ingabo z’Amerika gutanga ingabo zayo mu Burayi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose . 1 x 1.2 pallet yimbaho Ibipimo bikunze kugaragara kuri pallet platform ni ibi bikurikira (muri milimetero): * ''800 x 1200'' kubicuruzwa byose byabaguzi. Ibisanzwe bya ''palette ya Euro'' cyangwa ''pallet yuburayi'' nubwoko bwihariye bwa pallet hamwe nibi bipimo. Iki cyemezo cyemejwe mu Burayi cyangiza pallet y'Abanyamerika kugirango ikoreshe neza ibipimo by'agasanduku k'imodoka, bifite ubugari bwa 2400. Hamwe n'iki gipimo cya pallet, pallet ebyiri zishobora gushyirwa hejuru y'agasanduku mu cyerekezo kimwe cyangwa bitatu muyindi. * ''1000 x 1200'' kubicuruzwa byamazi. Rimwe na rimwe bita ''pallet y'Abanyamerika'' . Kandi mu buryo butandukanye: * ''600 x 800'' ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa by ibiribwa, * ''600 x 1000'' yakoreshejwe gake mumazi, Inganda rimwe na rimwe zifite ibindi bipimo cyangwa ibipimo byihariye, cyane cyane urwego rwa shimi. Ibipimo 800 x 1200 nibyo byakwirakwiriye cyane mu Burayi, nubwo urugero rwa 1000 x 1200 na rwo rusanzwe. Bivugwa ko ikirago y'ubukode bituma incahagati guhinduranya 3.9 buri mwaka mu nganda no kugeza 8 guhinduranya mu gukwirakwiza . Sisitemu ikwirakwijwe cyane yo gukoresha pallet ni ubukode bwayo kuri 'pisine' ishinzwe kubikusanyiriza aho bigana no kongera kuboneka kubabikora. Kimwe mu bidengeri binini ni Chep, kuri ubu ikaba ifite amato miliyoni 140 yo gukodesha mu Burayi. == Ibikoresho == Palasitike * '''Pallet''' . Ihagarariye hagati ya 90% na 95% yisoko rya pallet. Kugeza ubu, amabwiriza mpuzamahanga arasaba kuvura ibiti bigenewe koherezwa hanze. Pallet irashobora rero gutakaza ubutware bwayo mu gutwara abantu ku isi kuko hari uburyo bubiri bwo kuvura, nta na bumwe muri bwo bworoshye gusaba kubunini bunini:[[File:UNICEF pallets 01.jpg|thumb]] ** Koresha ubushyuhe byibuze 56º yubushyuhe muminota 30. ** Fumigate hamwe na bromide . * '''Palasitike''' . Hamwe no kutagaragara, irerekanwa nkubundi buryo bwikarito pallet yoherejwe mpuzamahanga. Mubisanzwe, ni pallet yatoranijwe kugirango ihuze uburemere bwayo nisuku yayo. Mubisanzwe bigenewe amasoko niche murwego rwibikoresho byinganda aho bikwiriye cyane mububiko bwikora. * '''Ibikarato ikirago''' . Kugaragara muri kataloge ya cartoneros nkuru, yahisemo kubwishingizi bwisuku kuko nigicuruzwa gikoreshwa. Ikarito yikarito ikoreshwa rimwe kandi igenewe cyane cyane isoko ryubuhinzi cyangwa ubuhinzi-bwibiryo. * '''Ikibaho''' . Ikozwe mu mbaho ​​zometseho imbaho , imaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri ariko iracyari moderi izwi cyane. Conglomerate pallet yerekejwe mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga aho impuzandengo yikigereranyo igera kuri kilo 200. 8l30130xbmarq30tia84fhrcrebygoz 0 8874 75525 75524 2021-05-19T18:28:07Z Cedecejj 9700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Femme cariste 16.jpg|thumb]] A '''forklift''' , '''''Clark''''' , '''Forklift'''  cyangwa '''ikimasa''' ni imodoka counterbalanced ku b'inyuma, mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu ikirundo imitwaro rusange agendera ku [[Uburiri|Uburiris]]. Amarushanwa yubuhanga hamwe na forklifts. == Amazina mu bihugu bitandukanye == * '''forklift''' , '''toro''' cyangwa ''fenwick'' , muri [[Espagne]]. * '''''clark''''' , muri [[Arijantine]]. * '''forklifts''' nayo muri Arijantine. * '''Crane Fork''' muri Chili, nayo yitiriwe Yales, yerekeza ku kirango gakondo. * '''Ikamyo ya Forklift''' [[Amerika]]. == Ibisobanuro == [[File:US Navy 110312-M-KA277-020 Marines assigned to III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) load humanitarian assistance supplies and personnel aboard.jpg|thumb]] Ifite utubari tubiri tubangikanye imbere, bita "fork", ushyizwe ku nkunga ifatanye na mast yo guterura kugirango ikore Uburiris. Ibiziga byinyuma birashobora kuyobora kugirango byoroherezwe gutwara no gufata pallets. Ni ''nyinshi-kazi'' no mu by'inganda, na ni Byakoreshejwe in warehouses na maduka kwirinda gukorera uburiris gutwara cyangwa uburiris na ibicuruzwa na kubacumbikira ku etajeri cyangwa ''racks'' . Ifasha imitwaro iremereye ntamatsinda yabantu yashobora gushyigikira wenyine, kandi ikiza amasaha yakazi mukwimura uburemere butari bumwe icyarimwe aho kugabanya ibiri muri uburiris mubice cyangwa ibice. Imikoreshereze yacyo isaba amahugurwa kandi leta zibihugu bitandukanye zisaba ubucuruzi abakozi babo batunganya impushya zidasanzwe kubikorwa byabo. == Ibiranga imiterere == Nibinyabiziga biremereye bikozwe mubyuma cyangwa ibindi byuma, bikozwe hamwe na platifomu inyerera kuruhande rukomeye cyangwa ruhagaritse cyangwa nubuyobozi bubiri bubangikanye. == Ubwoko bwa moteri == Irashobora kwimurwa nubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri : * Moteri ya Diesel * moteri y'amashanyarazi * moteri yaka imbere ikoreshwa na CNG (gaze gasanzwe) * moteri yaka imbere ikoreshwa na LPG (gaze ya peteroli ya lisansi). An zaka engine ngengamikorere cyangwa Otto cyiciro (yitwa kandi mazutu ) ni bugaragara more guhumanya , iyo udafite kwiyeza ibintu particulate, iboneka ku isoko. Nyamara, ikamyo isanzwe ya gaze isanzwe, ishingiye kuri moteri isanzwe ya lisansi, itanga umuriro mwinshi kandi ntigifite ubwigenge burenze ubw'amashanyarazi, ikigega cyuzuzwa muminota itatu , burigihe bitewe na moteri ya moteri. Moteri, umuvuduko muke kandi ingano ya gaze ya gaze. Izi modoka muri rusange ntizishobora gukoreshwa mu nzu (nk'ububiko hamwe n’ibigo bikwirakwiza, aho imyuka igomba kubarwa). Amafaranga yo gufata neza, nkibisanzwe, ahendutse cyane mumodoka yamashanyarazi, kubera ko hari ibintu bike byambara nka filteri, amavuta n'umukandara, kuvuga amazina make. Ubuzima bwingirakamaro bwa bateri butangwa nkitegeko rusange kuva 1500 byinshingano. Mubyongeyeho, tekinoroji igezweho mubijyanye na moteri ituruka kuri moteri ya moteri ishingiye ku byiciro bitatu bisimburana, bikomeza kugabanya ibiciro ugereranije na moteri gakondo ya DC. == Ibisabwa byibuze byemewe n'amategeko == Muri Arijantine, Itegeko 19587 ryerekeye Isuku n’umutekano ku kazi (Iteka 351/79, Umutwe wa 16, Ingingo ya 137) rishyiraho ibyangombwa by’umutekano byibuze kuri forklifts. Muri Espagne byashyizweho n'itegeko rya cyami 1215/1997. == Forklift nomenclature == Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa forklifts. Ubwoko bubiri bwo gutondeka bwarakozwe, bubemerera gutondekanya ukurikije ibiranga umwihariko wabo: === Alpha === {| class="wikitable" |'''Lyrics''' |'''Ibisobanuro''' |'''Bikemurwa''' |- |'''NA''' |Numuriro, ufite ipine irwanya uburemere na pneumatike. |yicaye |- |'''S.''' |Ikiza umwanya, ifite amashanyarazi yaka umuriro, ifite amapine aremereye na pneumatike. |yicaye |- |'''H.''' |Ifite amashanyarazi yaka umuriro, hamwe nipine ya pneumatike. |yicaye |- |'''J.''' |Numuriro, ufite ipine irwanya uburemere na pneumatike. |yicaye |- |'''R.''' |Amashanyarazi. |yarahagaze |- |'''N.''' |Yagenewe inzira ifunganye, ikoranabuhanga. |yarahagaze |- |'''W.''' |Nibigenda byamashanyarazi. | - |- |'''B.''' |Numuyagankuba "ushyizwe". | - |- |'''C.''' |Nibigenzurwa hagati. | - |- |'''T.''' |Ni romoruki. | - |} === Izindi zina === '''Icyiciro cya 1''' Ikinyabiziga gifite moteri yamashanyarazi, kubagenzi, hamwe nuburemere (ipine ikomeye cyangwa pneumatike). '''Icyiciro cya 2''' Ikinyabiziga Cyimodoka Cyimodoka (hamwe nipine ikomeye). '''Icyiciro cya 3''' Imodoka yintoki ifite moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa kubagenzi (hamwe nipine ikomeye). '''Icyiciro cya 4''' Ikinyabiziga gifite moteri yaka imbere (amapine akomeye). '''Icyiciro cya 5''' Imodoka yintoki ifite moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa kubagenzi (amapine pneumatike). '''Icyiciro cya 6''' Traktor ifite moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa hamwe na moteri yaka imbere (ipine ikomeye cyangwa pneumatike). '''Icyiciro cya 7''' Forklift kubutaka bubi (amapine pneumatike). 9ak0tlexrji88ozqx4zc8lyyqbsgg5x 0 8875 76995 75528 2021-08-05T00:34:01Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuduri.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|ikinyanduga]] ni ururimi ruvugwa na bantu batari bake mu manjyaruguru yu rwanda f803pwhki7e3y8lnyvdl3q6vy2tg66l 0 8884 83182 83180 2022-05-09T09:38:25Z Andre Engels 106 delete wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Wrong language}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Elwati Elve | image = https://www.allaboutjazz.com/tag-elwati-elve | caption = | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Ndamutsa Elve muhemanyi | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|09|11}} | birth_place = [[kigali]] | origin = [[Rwanda]] | genre = rithm and blues,little rap,jazz | instrument = Vocals,guitarist | occupation = Singer, | label = marorecordspro | Years_active = 2014–present | Associated_acts = musicians interpreters Elve | website = https://www.allaboutjazz.com/tag-elwati-elve }} '''Elwati Elve''' (born '''ndamutsa elve muhemanyi''' on 11 september 1989) is a [[Rwanda]]n recording artist and professional guitarist . ==History== Ndamutsa elve namestage Elwati Elve musical artist record producer Ndamutsa Elve, the first of four children was born on 11 september 1989 to rwandan parents ndamutsa fidel and mukafeza lucie at kanombe kicukiro in kigali city of Rwanda. ===Musical career=== he began singing at kicukiro churches gospel songs as an interpreter After he started his solo music record in 2016 with [https://genius.com/artists/Marorecordspro marorecordspro].where Elwati begin his first record [https://g.co/kgs/rhFEQb gukunda_song] in 2016 but published 2019 and he completed his second record [https://g.co/kgs/th1vNC intare_song] published in 2020.on his first album [https://g.co/kgs/rdUxMa gukunda_album] with his logo East power and eepro Elwati elve his inspiration is [https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/01vsykc&hl=en-RW&q=Seal+(musician)&kgs=4a843a1eafe4dd17&shndl=0&source=sh/x/kp/osrp&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp Seal].he influenced him because of there song's == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elve, Ndamutsa, muhemanyi}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Rwandan male singers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Rwandan artists]] ijl9587sxm33ajpu08d1xj76d5kha2p 0 8885 78665 77103 2021-08-26T03:23:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wikipedia-logo-pdc.png|thumb|Amatora ya Wikipedia yo Kuwa 4 Kanama 2021]] [[Dosiye:Wiki_Loves_Africa_RWANDA_2020_Launch_event_02.jpg|thumb|144x144px|Amatora ya Wikipedia ]] Amatora yo muri 2021 Board of Trustees Aamatora ateganyijwe kuba kuwa 4 zukwamunani 2021 kugeza kuwa 17 zukamunani 2021. abagize umuryango wa Wikimedia bafite amahirwe yo gutora abakandida bane mugihe kingana nimyaka itatu. gutanga candidatire kubashaka kwiyamamaza,biteganyijwe gutangira kmukwezi kwa kamena itarki 9 2021. ayo matariki ni ayagateganyo ashobora guhinduka [[Dosiye:Wikimedia 2030.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|wikimedia]] r6ch4vd5yyltyinqaiberw0u74cfyrt 0 8886 77897 75621 2021-08-18T11:41:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamirambo.jpg|thumb|Akagali ka Mumena gaherereye mu murenge wa Nyamirambo mu mujyi wa Kigali mu akarere ka Nyarugenge]] Ni umwe mumidugudu iherereye mu Kagali ka Mumena, m'umurenge wa [[Nyamirambo]] mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]].<ref>[https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=55]</ref> t70k4ap3n7vzewcjvd6dah7saxy0srs 14 8888 75625 2021-06-07T16:47:11Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Icyi cyiciro ni icyijyanye n'ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki Icyi cyiciro ni icyijyanye n'ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda l9nnm2zb29vec0wnc655vg0k3h5gsd2 14 8889 75626 2021-06-07T16:47:55Z Priscille Nim 9751 Created page with "Icyi cyiciro ni icyijyanye nubwami bwabagaho mbere" wikitext text/x-wiki Icyi cyiciro ni icyijyanye nubwami bwabagaho mbere 5vvdx17nzvgnngikwv7wbvnt7rpl87u 0 8891 77565 77551 2021-08-13T16:48:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NAR(Never_Again_Rwanda).jpg|thumb|200x200px| NAR]] '''Never Again Rwanda NAR''' ni Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ugamije kubaka amahoro arambye ndetse n’ubutabera mbonezamubano. == Impamvu yashyizweho == Yakozwe mu rwego rwo gusubiza Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda. Mu minsi 100 gusa muri 1994 guhera ku ya 7 Mata, abantu barenga miliyoni biciwe mu Rwanda n’intagondwa z’Abahutu. Bari bibasiye abanyamuryango b’abatutsi , ndetse n’abatavuga rumwe na politiki, batitaye ku bwoko bwabo. Mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga, ingabo za FPR (Rwanda Patriotic Front); itsinda ry’urubyiruko, ryari ryarigaruriye igice kinini cy’igihugu, harimo na Kigali bituma Jenoside irangira. Never Again Rwanda yaje kumenyesha abenegihugu amakosa yakozwe bigatuma habaho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994. No kwinjiza mu benegihugu imyumvire yo gukunda igihugu, demokarasi, uruhare rw'uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage binyuze mu kwiga no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bitandukanye. Intego nyamukuru yayo muri ibyo byose ni ukubaka amahoro arambye mu baturage ndetse no mu gihugu cyose. <ref>http://www.transconflict.com/gcct/gcct-members/africa/eastern-africa/rwanda/never-again-rwanda/</ref> == Intego yo gushyirwaho == [[Dosiye:Never_Again_-_With_Display_of_Skulls_of_Victims_-_Courtyard_of_Genocide_Memorial_Church_-_Karongi-Kibuye_-_Western_Rwanda_-_02.jpg|thumb|204x204px|Umuryango Never Again Rwanda wiyemeje guhangana n'ingaruka za Genocide yakorewe abatutsi no gufasha urubyiruko gusobanukirwa neza amateka yaranze u Rwanda muri 1994]] NAR yashinzwe ifite igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho ahantu hizewe ku rubyiruko n’abanyeshuri ba kaminuza kugira ngo bakingure imitima yabo n’ububabare bwahise bwatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 1994. Yatangijwe mu 2002. Ifite uburambe bwimyaka 19, ibihumbi bitandukanya kuri numero 4500, 100000. <ref>https://www.comminit.com/entertainment-education/content/never-again-rwanda</ref> == Inkingi n'ibikorwa == NAR yanditswe ku mugaragaro mu 2008 kandi kuva icyo gihe, yavuye ku nkingi ebyiri kugeza kuri zirindwi arizo: Kubaka amahoro, Imiyoborere & Uburenganzira, Uburezi, Ubushakashatsi & Ubuvugizi, Imibereho irambye, gahunda y'ibiyaga bigari no kwishora mu rubyiruko. Izi nkingi zijyanye nibikorwa byayo byingenzi. Ibi bikorwa binyuze mu gufasha amatsinda atandukanye yabaturage n’urubyiruko cyane cyane kuganira kumugaragaro ibibazo byabo byahise ndetse nibigezweho cyangwa ibivuka. Itandukaniro ryabo rikemurwa binyuze mubiganiro nubufatanye mugushyira mubikorwa ibyo baba bababwiye gukora. NAR ikorana n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye mu guha amahoro abaturage kugira ngo bagere ku mpinduka nziza. <ref>http://www.transconflict.com/gcct/gcct-members/africa/eastern-africa/rwanda/never-again-rwanda/</ref> Amatsinda atandukanye yashizweho nka "Abanyamahoro space for peace", uhuza abantu baturutse mu bice bitandukanye byigihugu. Muri ayo matsinda Baganira ku mugaragaro ahahise habo ari nako bibafasha gukira inkovu, kubabarira no kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by'igihugu. <ref>https://www.comminit.com/entertainment-education/content/never-again-rwanda</ref> == Ibikorwa by'abaturage na NAR == NAR ifitanye isano no guteza imbere ibikorwa abaturage bakora bigaragara byo guteza imbere igihugu binyuze mu gushora urubyiruko nabanyeshuri ba kaminuza nkintego yihariye yo gufatanya kugera kuntego imwe ituma umuryango urangiza imirimo muburyo bwiza kandi bunoze. Ntabwo basunika umuntu wese kwinjiramo, bikorwa kubushake. <ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/27752162?seq=1</ref> == Ndi Umunyarwanda == [[Dosiye:Rwanda_tradional_dance_in_wedding.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Ndi umunyarwanda nigahunda igamije guhuza abanyarwanda no kugarura ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda.]] Ndi Umunyarwanda, bisobanura ngo 'Ndi Umunyarwanda'. Ni gahunda yatangijwe kubaka indangamuntu ishingiye ku kwizerana n'icyubahiro. Igamije gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge hagati y’abanyarwanda itanga ihuriro ry’abantu kugira ngo baganire ku mpamvu n’ingaruka za jenoside ndetse n’icyo kuba umunyarwanda bisobanura. <ref>https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Category:Ndi_Umunyarwanda_Collec tion</ref> Ibi kandi bikuraho amakenga hagati yabantu, bikabafasha mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Ndi kumarwanda yazamuwe mubikorwa byabo bya buri munsi nko kuganira, gusangira kahise kabo no kubabarirana kandi ibyo bibafasha kubona ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati yabo. == Ikigo cyubaka amahoro == NAR yashizeho ikigo cyubaka amahoro cyahaye amahirwe abantu bava mubindi bihugu kwinjiramo. Byagize ingaruka kubandi bantu baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye kugirango badahangana nibyo u Rwanda rwahuye nabyo. Bariga Management Gukemura amakimbirane ● uburyo bwo kubabarira ● Kubona umuntu nkumuntu aho kumushyira mubyiciro bimwe cyangwa ibindi bintu ● uburyo ubwitange butanga imbuto nziza uko imyaka yaba ingana kose, nkuko byakozwe nitsinda ryurubyiruko (FPR) rwarangije Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://weber.edu/SocialScience/Peacebuilding_Institute.html |accessdate=2021-06-07 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513050158/https://weber.edu/SocialScience/Peacebuilding_Institute.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == https://www.facebook.com/NARwanda/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/never-again-rwanda/?originalSubdomain=rw https://twitter.com/narwanda?lang=en == Reba == 93xyp2lzcutfriidvef8ol3wnvdmc0m 0 8892 78666 78664 2021-08-26T03:24:13Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali Genocide Memorial site.jpg|thumb|urwibutso Rwa Kigali]] [[File:Kigali Memorial Centre 7.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali Genocide Memorial.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Kigali]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|ni ikigo kibitse imibiri y'abatutsi barenga 250,000 bishwe muri jenocide]] yakorewe abatusi muwa 1994. Ibi nibyo bishingirwaho bihamya ko [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] yari umugambi wateguwe ndetse ugashyirwa mu bikorwa. Iki kigo cyashyizweho kugirango genocide itazongera kubaho ukundi ndetse n' abashyitsi n’abanyeshuri bifuza kumva no kumenya ibyabaye mbere na nyuma ya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Uru ni urwibutso ruhoraho ku baguye muri jenoside kandi hakaba ari ahantu ababuze ababo bashobora gushyingura imiryango yabo n'inshuti zabo. Iki Ikigo gicungwa kandi kiyobowe na Aegis Trust<ref>https://aegistrust.enthuse.com/profile</ref> mu izina rya komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya jenoside (CNLG)<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=116</ref>. == Aho iherereye == Urwibutso ndetse ari nayo nzu ibitse amateka iri ku [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gisozi]] nk' iminota icumi uvuye hagati mu mugi wa Kigali. <ref name="kgm">[http://www.kgm.rw/ Kigali Genocide Memorial], KGM.rw, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Muri Mata 1994, raporo z’ubwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga mu Rwanda zatangiye kwandikwa no gukwirakwizwa ku isi yose. Hakozwe bike kugirango jenoside ihagarare mu Rwanda. Ku bantu bo hanze, itsembabwoko ryagaragajwe nk'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko, abatutsi bishwe n'Abahutu. Umubare wabantu bishwe mubyukuri ntushobora kumenyekana; ibigereranyo bitandukanye bigaragaza hagati ya 500.000 na miliyoni Irenga. Umubare w'abantu bishwe wemejwe ko ari hafi ya 800.000 bishwe mu gihe k'iminsi ijana jenocide yamaze iri gukorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/hagaragaye-imibare-mishya-y-abishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi</ref> . == Amateka == [[File:Skull_and_Belongings_of_Genocide_Victims_-_Genocide_Memorial_Center_-_Kigali_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Ibimenyetso simusiga by'abazize Jenoside muri iki kigo]] Mu 2000, Njyanama y'Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] yatangiye umurimo wo kubaka iyi nyubako, amaherezo yagombaga guhinduka Urwibutso. Aegis Trust yaratumiwe kugirango ifashe iki cyifuzo cyikigo kibe impamo. Aegis Trust noneho yatangiye gukusanya amakuru aturutse kwisi yose kugirango ikore Ibishushanyo bitatu mbonera kuri iyi nzu. Buri gishushanyo cyasohowe mu ndimi eshatu, byatunganirijwe mu gihugu cy' U Bwongereza ku cyicaro gikuru cya Aegis n'itsinda ryabo ryashushanyaga, hanyuma byoherezwa mu [[Rwanda]] kugira ngo ishyirwe mu bikorwa. Uru rwibutso ni kimwe mu bigo bitandatu bikomeye byo mu [[Rwanda]] bifasha mu kwibuka jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibindi ni Urwibutso rwa Murambi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero, n’Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama hamwe na Nyamata na Nyarubuye. <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 2 March 2015</ref> Imibiri y'abazize jenocide yazanywe muri uru rwibutso ivanywe mu murwa mukuru wose nyuma yo gusigara mu muhanda cyangwa gutabwa mu ruzi. Bashyinguwe hamwe bangana 100.000. Urwibutso rwafunguwe mu 1999. <ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=81&L=1</ref> Iki kigo cyatangiye igihe Inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] na Komisiyo y’igihugu y’u [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside bafatanyaga n'umuryango wo mu Bwongereza ushinzwe gukumira jenoside witwa Aegis Trust mu gufungura ikigo cy’Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa [[Kigali]]. Muri Mata 2004, ku isabukuru y'imyaka 10 jenoside ishegeshe u [[Rwanda]], hafunguwe urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa [[Kigali]]. Igisubizo cy’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside ku ishyirwaho kwiki kigo nticyari giteganijwe. Mu cyumweru cya mbere, abarokotse barenga 1.500 basuye buri munsi iki kigo. Mu mezi atatu ya mbere iki kigo cyafunguwemo, abantu bagera ku 60.000 baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye barahasuye. Abashyitsi barenga 7,000 bari baturutse mu mahanga. == Ikigo == [[File:Gisozi Rwanda Genocide Memorial.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Gisozi]] Iki kigo cyashyizweho nk'Urwibutso, ariko kandi gisobanura amateka yu [[Rwanda]] rwabanjirije iki gikorwa. ugereranyije nizindi nzibutso zitandukanye kwisi harimo nko mu [[Ubudage|Budage]], [[Ubuyapani]], [[Kambodiya|Kamboje]], na [[Bosiniya na Herizegovina|Bosiniya]] . Bitandukanye n’inkambi zahoze zikoranyirizwagamo imfungwa ahitwa Auschwitz Birkenau, urwibutso rwa Gisozi rurimo ibisigazwa by’abantu n’ibikoresho n’intwaro byakoreshejwe mu gusenya no kwica bagenzi babo. <ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/menya-amateka-yurwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-gisozi/</ref> Igorofa yo hejuru yiki kigo irimo aho bakorera imurikagurisha hatatu hahoraho, amashusho menshi agaragaza itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, agafasha mu kwerekana amateka mabi yaranze U [[Rwanda]]. ahabanza hari urwibutso rw'abana, hamwe namafoto y'ubuzima bwabo, aherekejwe nibisobanuro byimbitse kubyerekeye ibikinisho bakundaga, amagambo yabo yanyuma nuburyo bishwe. Ahandi uhasanga kandi imurikagurisha ku mateka y’ihohoterwa ryakozwe muri jenoside ku isi. Ahandi hagizwe nikigo cy’Uburezi aho bigishiriza amateka, Ubusitani bw’Urwibutso n’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku nyandiko za Jenoside zigira uruhare mu guha icyubahiro abapfuye kandi zagizwe igikoresho gikomeye cy’uburezi ku gisekuru kizaza. Urwibutso rwa [[Kigali]] ni mpuzamahanga. cyakira ingeri zose zabantu kandi gifite akamaro mu buryo mpuzamahanga, kigenewe kurinda no guhangana n’ibibazo mpuzamahanga byibasira inyoko muntu. Imishinga ya Audiovisual na GPS y'inyandiko yerekana kandi igatanga ubuhamya bwabacitse ku icumu no kwandika inzira y'inkiko Gacaca . Urwibutso rwagize abashyitsi ibihumbi magana birenga. Urwibutso rusozwa n’ibice byerekana uko u [[Rwanda]] rwashakishije ubutabera binyuze mu rukiko mpuzamahanga rwa Arusha ndetse n’inkiko zacu zihariye za Gacaca (inkiko gakondo ziyobowe n'abakuru b'imidugudu). Urugendo rwamajwi rurimo amateka y'ubukoroni bwafashwe nk'intandaro yo kubiba amacakubiri mu Rwanda narwo ruboneka muri iki kigo. Kandi uko gusura bigenda bitera imbere, imurikagurisha rigenda rikomera, niko abashyitsi bumva ’ibyaha byabereye hano no gukwirakwiza ubuhamya bwa videwo ku barokotse jenocide. Komisiyo yaturutse mu Nama Njyanama y'Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] yagombaga guteza imbere urwibutso, aho abazize jenoside bagera ku 250.000 bashyinguwe mu mva rusange mu kigo cy’urwibutso n’imurikagurisha rihoraho hagamijwe inyungu z’abacitse ku icumu n’urubyiruko. Aegis Trust icunga Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa [[Kigali]] kandi ikaruteza imbere nk'ishuri ry’uburezi ku rubyiruko rwejo hazaza. == Reba ==  <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.kgm.rw/ Urubuga rwa Urwibutso rwa Jenoside] * [http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside yo mu Rwanda] * [http://www.aegistrust.org Icyizere cya Aegis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131228141350/http://www.kigaligenocidememorial.org/old/centre/index.html Urwibutso rwa Kigali] [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Category:Kigali]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Urwibutso]] lgk3busrop9mdfstcnzkytrmhqddvij 0 8893 77912 75647 2021-08-18T15:16:29Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Front side in Richard Kandt museum view.jpg|thumb|Inzu ndangamurage ya Richard kandt]] '''Inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt''' niyo nzu ya mbere yubatswe i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Ikaba ikurikiranywa n'Ikigo cy'ingoro z'umurage w'u Rwanda .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/Iterambere-rya-Kigali-Kuva-ku-nzu-ya-Kandt-kugera-kuri-Kigali-City-Tower</ref> == Amateka == Yitiriwe Richard Kandt, mu cyahoze ari inzu y’umuturage w’Ubudage Richard Kandt ku musozi wa Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali, ubu wahinduwe inzu ndangamurage y’amateka kuva muri Kamere muri 2006. Iyi nzu ndangamurage yibanda ku kwerekana impinduka zibaho ku binyabuzima , ibisobanuro bya Flora na Fauna muri Pariki Kamere z’u Rwanda (Nyungwe, Akagera n’ibirunga), imiterere ya geologiya y’u Rwanda, ibyo Ubudage n’u Rwanda basangiye mu mateka n’imurika ry’ibikururuka bizima (inzoka) hagamijwe gusobanura isano iri hagati ya y'ibinyabuzima n'amateka nk'impamvu yo kubaho kwiyi nzu ndangamurage. Aha hitegeye imisozi itatu myiza cyane iri mu mugi wa Kigali(Mt Kigali, Mt Jali na Mt Shyorongi) hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo kwitegereza umugi wa kigali.<ref>https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=75&L=1</ref> == Aho Iherereye == [[File:Front side in Richard Kandt museum.jpg|thumb|Front side in Richard Kandt museum]] Inzu Ndangamurage ya Kandt, iri ahahoze inzu ndangamurage y’amateka Kamere iherereye kuri KN 90 St, hafi kilometero imwe uvuye mu mujyi wa kigali. == Ibigize iyi nzu == [[File:African rock python rwanda.jpg|thumb|zimwe mu Inzoka ziba muri iyi nzu]] Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yahoze izwi ku izina ry’amateka Kamere (NHM). Izina ryayo nka NHM ryahinduwe inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt kuva Ukuboza, 17th 2017. Kuri ubu, inzu ndangamurage ya Kandt igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi<ref>https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=75</ref>: 1.Igice cya mbere cyerekana ubuzima bw'U Rwanda mubice byose (imibereho, ubukungu, na politiki) mbere yubukoloni. 2.Mu gice cya kabiri, aricyo kinini cyane, inzu ndangamurage ikubiyemo uburambe bw’abaturage b’abanyarwanda mu gihe cyabakoloni, cyane cyane ku butegetsi bw’Abadage kuva mu 1884 (igihe cy’inama yabereye i Berlin), mu buyobozi bw’abakoloni, Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, havugwa mo benshi kugeza mu 1916, harimo ubuzima bwa Richard Kandt n'ibikorwa bye mu Rwanda. 3. Ubundi buryo bushimishije ni igice cya gatatu aho amateka ya Kigali; Kigali mbere yigihe cyabakoloni, mugihe cyabakoloni, no kuvuka kwayo nkumurwa mukuru, irerekanwa neza. Icya nyuma ariko ntabwo ari gito, nicyo kimenyetso cyonyine gisigaye cyahoze ari inzu ndangamurage yamateka Kamere, hakubiyemo imurikagurisha ryigihe gito ryinzoka nzima, ningona ikiri nto (yapimwe m 1 muri 2017).<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Ubuzima/article/Ibitangaje-ku-ngona-n-inzoka-zororerwa-i-Kigali-kwa-Richard-aho-bazigaburira-banazikoraho-VIDEO</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSJfTd5E7-0</ref> Mugihe usuye iki gice cyo hanze, umuntu ashobora kwishimira kureba ibintu bitangaje biri mu bidukikije, cyane cyane, kureba neza imisozi ya Kigali, Shyorongi, na Jari. == Reba kandi == Inzu ndangamurage<ref>http://www.museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=70&L=1</ref> [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda]] Gusura U Rwanda<ref>https://www.visitrwanda.com/tourism/</ref> == Reba == [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Amateka]] [[Category:Kigali]] m4kof31ch7xs73rtj1ibyi6q3hdmjmw 0 8895 77806 77468 2021-08-17T13:15:40Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kigali_Arena.jpg|Kigali_Arena.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: The file is found on the following website dated 2019-09-27 and attributed to another source wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Kigali Arena]]''' ni ikibuga gisakaye kiri i [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], gikoreshwa cyane mumikino ya basketball. Yubatswe kandi irangira muri 2019, yakira ibirori bya siporo nibitaramo. Ni ikibuga kinini cyo mu nzu muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba,giherereye iruhande rwa Stade Amahoro . [[Dosiye:Kigali_Arena_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Inzu y'imyidagaduro y'ubatse mu murwamukuru w'u Rwanda i Kigali izwi ku izina nka Kgali Intare Arena]] == Ubwubatsi == Kubaka [[Kigali Arena]], ni umushinga wa guverinoma y’u Rwanda binyuze mu kigo gishinzwe imiturire mu Rwanda (RHA) n’ikigo cya Turukiya Summa, byatangiye muri Mutarama 2019. Kubaka iki ikibuga byakurikiranwaga na RHA. Ubwubatsi bwakorwaga ku buryo bwihuse, abantu bagera ku 1.000 kugeza 2000 nibo bakoreshwa muri uyu mushinga haba ku manywa na nijoro. Hagati muri [[Kamena]] 2019, ikibuga cyo mu nzu cyari cyuzuye byibuze 70 ku ijana kandi cyari giteganijwe kurangira muri [[Nyakanga]] 2019. Ku ya 9 [[Kanama]] 2019, ikibuga cyafunguwe kumugaragaro na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] w’u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] ku mukino wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] wahuje Patriot BBC na REG BBC. <ref>Kagire, Edmund (September 25, 2019). [https://ktpress.rw/2019/09/now-president-kagame-wishes-kigali-arena-had-20-000-capacity/ "Now President Kagame Wishes Kigali Arena Had 20,000 Capacity"]. KTpress.com. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Cn6Z02Njtw KIGALI ARENA Official Inauguration | Kigali, 9 August 2019].</ref> Rwanda Mu 2021, Kigali Arena yakiriye imikino yo gutangiza shampiyona ya Basketball Africa League (i). == Ibiranga == Kigali Arena ni ikibuga cyiri munzu gifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu 10,000 kigenewe siporo nka basketball, handball, volley ball, na tennis, ndetse nibitaramo ninama. Iki kibuga cya siporo giherereye hafi ya Sitade Amahoro nini hamwe na Sitade Amahoro ntoya yakira abantu 2500. == Imikino yakiriye == Imikino ya mbere ya siporo yabereye kuri Kigali Arena yari Shampiyona y’Abagore y’abatarengeje imyaka 16 FIBA 2019 . Izakira kandi AfroBasket 2021 . Yakiriye imikino yanyuma ya Shampiyona yigihugu ya Basketball yu Rwanda 2019. <ref>Komugisha, Usher (September 28, 2019). [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/kigali-arena-breathes-new-life-rwandan-basketball "Kigali Arena breathes new life into Rwandan basketball"]. ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> Ikibuga kandi cyakiriye Final yanyuma yigihembwe cyo gutangiza shampiyona ya Basketball Afrika League (BAL). == Reba ==  {{reflist}} [[Category:Siporo i Kigali]] [[Category:Ibibuga byo gukiniraho]] 5iwoo80tafigxo604fhr7o2aynyaoze 0 8896 76245 75651 2021-07-21T13:18:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Nyamirambo ni umwe mirenge igize akarere ka Nyarugenge, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutandukanye, [[Dosiye:Nyamirambo.jpg|thumb|Nyamirambo]] hn696t1busl16i25i6ran98ngxky765 0 8897 78514 78513 2021-08-25T02:17:01Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akarere ka Nyabihu''' [[File:NyabihuDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Nyabihu]] '''Nyabihu''' ni akarere ( ''akarere'' )  gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]] . [[Umurwa|Umurwa mukuru]] wako ni Mukamira. Akarere ka Nyabihu kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] 12 ( ''imirenge'' )  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> : Bigogwe, Jenda, Jomba, Kabatwa, Karago, Kintobo, Mukamira, Muringa, Rambura, Rugera, Rurembo na Shyira. Iyi mirenge ubwayo yatandukanijwe mu tugari 73 n'imidugudu 474 nayo yitwa “imidugudu"<ref>https://www.nyabihu.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Akarere gahana imbibi mu majyepfo n'[[Akarere ka Ngororero]] , mu burengerazuba n'akarere ka [[Rubavu]], mu burasirazuba n' [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] no mu majyaruguru n' [[Akarere ka Musanze]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Nubwo imvura nyinshi igwa, ako gace rwose kibasiwe no kubura amasoko y'amazi bitewe n'umuyoboro mubi wa idorogarafiya. Umuva w'amazi aturuka myiyindi [[Umugezi|migezi]] . Ahantu hahanamye cyane hejuru harasobanura ko ari itorenti. Impande [[Ikirunga|z'ibirunga]] zihanamye zifite impuzandengo irenga 60 %, hejuru ya metero 2 200. Iyo imvura iguye, amazi yirukanwa kumpande kumuvuduko mwinshi werekeza kuri pidmont, akurura ibintu byose muburyo bwayo: inyamaswa, abagabo, ibibari bya lava, nibindi. Amazi ava mumigezi myinshi yiruka ahamanuka atera ibyangiritse byinshi (umwuzure, umucanga no gufata banki). Imibiri y'amazi ngo ni menshi kandi amazi ni menshi, ariko iyo mibiri igera kuri ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 100. Turakeka ko biherereye mubihe bishaje byo munsi yo munsi bitwikiriwe n'amazi y'ibirunga. == Imihanda == [[File:Bananas_on_bike.jpg|thumb|167x167px| Igitoki ku igare mu Rwanda-Umuhanda]] Mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] imihanda iratandukanye, hari imibi, hari n'imyiza. Imihanda igera kuri 66.0% iracyari mibi cyane, 25.3% ni mibi na 8.2% ni bagendwa. 0.5% gusa byimihanda imeze neza. Imyinshi muriyi mihanda igomba kuvugururwa mugihe izindi zisaba kubungabungwa. Gahunda y’iterambere ry’akarere ka 2013 yerekana ko [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite kilometro 290 z’imihanda muri yo 88% ni imihanda y'igitaka naho 12% ni kaburimbo. Akarere gafite imihanda itatu ya kaburimbo ariyo [[Kigali]] - [[Rubavu]], Mukamira - [[Muhanga (Akarere)|Muhanga]] - [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]] - [[Burundi]] cyangwa [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]]- [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], Mukamira - Ngororero - [[Muhanga (Akarere)|Muhanga]] - [[Karongi (Akarere)|Karongi]]. Ifite kandi umuhanda ugaburira ibiryo uhora umeze nabi kubera [[Umusozi|imisozi miremire]] n'imvura nyinshi. Nyamara, mu mirenge imwe n'imwe, abantu bagenda iminota irenga 30 kugirango bagere kumuhanda wegereye. Imihanda itari myiza no kubura imihanda ihuza ahakorerwa isoko hamwe nicyegeranyo ni ikibazo gihangayikishije. Mugihe cyimvura, imwe muriyi mihanda iba idashoboka, mugihe mugihe cyizuba, hari umukungugu mwinshi ugira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'amata . Byongeye kandi, ibiciro bihabwa abahinzi n'aborozi n'abacuruzi bo hagati ntabwo ari bike bityo bikagabanya amafaranga yabo. == Demogarafiya == Mu mwaka wa 2012, Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire, ryagaragaje ko abaturage b’[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] babarirwa ku baturage 295.580 bafite ubwiyongere bw’abaturage 1%, akaba ari yo hasi cyane mu gihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite ubucucike buri hejuru bugera ku baturage 558 kuri kilometero kare ukurikije isoko imwe. Ku bijyanye n'uburumbuke bwose, [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite impuzandengo ya 4.9 iri hejuru ugereranije n'ikigereranyo cy'igihugu ari 4.6. Impuzandengo yimyaka mu gukora ubukwe bwa mbere ni imyaka 21.5 ku bakobwa bafite imyaka 23 kubahungu. 62.5% by'ingo zifite [[Umwana|abana]] munsi yimyaka 7 naho ingo 53.2% ziyobowe nabagore . Iki kibazo kirimo ishoramari rikomeye murwego rwuburezi na gahunda zihariye zo gutera inkunga abagore. == Ubuhinzi == [[File:Woman-Farmer.jpg|thumb|188x188px| Umugore-Umuhinzi]] Muri kano karere, ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi , aho usanga ingo nyinshi ari aborozi bato . Abagera kuri 74%, ni ukuvuga abantu 105.672 mu baturage 143 000 b’akarere, bakura amafaranga yabo mu gukoresha ubutaka . Ariko, harabura ubutaka kuko; ukurikije EICV3, 50% by'abaturage bafite ubuso buri munsi ya 0.3ha. Uku kubura ubutaka gusunika abahinzi gukora impuzandengo yamasaha 5 kumunsi aho gukora byibuze amasaha 8. Ibi birerekana ko hari ubushomeri mubantu bakora mubukungu cyane cyane mu rubyiruko . Ibiribwa bikomoka ku buhinzi, ibihingwa nganda n’imitako bihingwa cyane. Ku biryo, hari ibirayi bya Irilande, [[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo, ingano [[Umuneke|n'ibitoki]] [[Imboga|n'imboga]] . Ibirayi, [[Ikigori|ibigori]] n'ibishyimbo byo muri Irilande bihingwa na 76,6% by'ingo ugereranije ni ingo 51.000. Ibirayi byo muri Irilande bihingwa cyane hamwe na 83.7% bikurikirwa [[Ikigori|n'ibigori]] (74.3%) n'ibishyimbo (71.9%). Umusaruro w'ibigori uhagarariye 47.3% by'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi mu karere urwanya ingano 8.9%. [[File:PivotWithDrops.JPG|thumb|175x175px| Kuhira]] Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, hakenewe kuhira.Ubukungu bw'akarere ntibagakwiye kwishingikiriza ku buhinzi gusa, ariko kandi ku zindi serivisi. Mu myaka yashize, Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda nyinshi zo kongera umusaruro w'urwego rw'ubuhinzi . Impamvu iri inyuma yibi bikorwa igaragarira mu cyerekezo cya Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi : Ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’ubukungu by’ibanze (LED) bishingiye ku guteza imbere ubuhinzi: [[File:Potato_plants.jpg|thumb|171x171px| Ibirayi]] - Ibirayi byo muri Irilande bituruka muri Kabatwa, Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe, Rambura (selile 3), Karago (selile 4), Mulinga (selile 2), na Kintobo (selile 3) [[File:Corn_blooming.jpg|thumb|167x167px| Ibigori]] - [[Ikigori|Ibigori]] muri Rugera, Shyira, Mulinga, Jomba, Rurembo, Bigogwe, Mukamira, Karago, Kintobo, Rambura na Jenda - [[Imboga]]: karoti muri Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe na Karago: amasu muri Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe na Rugera - [[Urubuto|Imbuto]]: ibinyomoro i Rambura, Mulinga, Bigigwe, Kabatwa, Karago, Jenda na Kintobo - [[Ikawa]]: RugeraShyira, Jomba na Rurembo - Pacuuli: muri Rugera na Shyira - [[Umuneke|Imineke]]:muri Rugera na Shyira - [[Icyayi]]: muri Mukamira, Karago, Mulinga, Rambura, Jomba na Jenda. - [[Ingano]]: Jmoba, Mulinga, Rurembo, Kintobo naKarago. - Piteramu: Kabatwa, Jenda, Bigogwe na Mukamira. Akarere gafite imbaraga nyinshi mu buhinzi, cyane cyane mu guhinga ibirayi, ibigori n'ingano kimwe [[Imboga|n'imboga]] z'ubwoko bwose. Nyamara, nta gihingwa gitunganya ibyo bihingwa. Akarere karashaka kubona ishami ritunganya ibirayi kimwe n’ibigo bikusanya [[Ubuki]] n’amata. Silosi yo guhunika ibihingwa nayo irakenewe mukurinda ibiribwa no guhagarara neza . Imbonerahamwe iri hasi ya hano ni iy'ibihingwa bimwe nkibigori, ibirayi bya Irilande, ibishyimbo bisanzwe, igitoki, kuzamuka ibishyimbo bigaragara ko bifite akamaro kanini mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] ku bijyanye n’umugabane w’ibihingwa byahinzwe mu gihembwe cya 2013.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Nyabihu</ref> == Iterambere == Amashanyarazi aboneka kandi yizewe mumirenge ya Shyira yatejwe imbere nogushiraho urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Rubagabaga 445kW. Uyu mushinga wegukanye ibihembo nyafurika by’ingufu, Ingufu n’amazi muri 2019 ku mushinga wa mbere w’ingufu ntoya urambye (munsi ya 5MW). <ref>https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/we-need-to-focus-on-getting-affordable-modern-electricity-to-everybody-in-africa/#gref</ref> == Reba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152931/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/events/Inzego.doc Inzego.doc] - Intara, Uturere ''nUmurenge amakuru ya MINALOC'', minisiteri yu Rwanda yubutegetsi bwibanze. [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] c3rhe6umhugf33dzfc9x58re1x1y3jt 6 8898 75656 2021-06-10T09:47:44Z 41.138.86.1 Created page with "Nyungwe" wikitext text/x-wiki Nyungwe eqr3y9o1g4ttbtf39gdnqahxbmvrp5n 0 8899 78669 78668 2021-08-26T03:26:34Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyamata Genocide Herdenkingssite.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata]] [[Dosiye:Delegates Arrive with Genocide Commemoration Bouquets - Catholic Church Memorial - Nyamata - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] [[Dosiye:Interior of Catholic Church Genocide Memorial Site with Piled Clothes of Victims - Nyamata - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Nyamata]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata''' rwubatswe ku cyahoze ari urusengero mu birometero 30 uvuye mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], hibukirwa [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko ryo]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994. Imibiri y'abantu 50.000 yashyinguwe hano. <ref name="lp">[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/sights/religious/nyamata-church Nyamata church], Lonely Planet, Retrieved 4 March 2016</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_Rwanda.JPG|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata Rwanda]] == Aho biherereye == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu hantu hatandatu hibukirwa [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Abandi ni Urwibutso rwa Murambi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal]][[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|i]], n'Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye. <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref> Hariho nizindi nzibutso zisaga 250 zanditswe zibitse imibiri y'abatutsi benshi bishwe muri jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka == [[File:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13.jpg|thumb| Ibisigazwa by'imibiri mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]] [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko mu Rwanda]] ryatangiye muri Mata 1994. Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mubyitwaga amatorero yafatwaga nk'ahantu abantu babonera umutekano muby'ukuri hatavogerwa. Abantu bagera ku 10,000 bahungiye muri uru rusengero barifungirana. Inkuta ziyi nzu yari urusengero yerekana uburyo abakoze genocide baciye umwobo mu rukuta rw'iyo nzu kugira ngo grenade zishobore kujugunywa muri uru rusengero maze zice imbaga yari yaruhungiyemo. Nyuma yibyo, abantu bari imbere bararashwe abandi bicishwa imihoro . Igisenge cy'itorero cyerekana imyobo y'amasasu kandi igitambaro cy'urutambiro kiracyafite amaraso. Ibyinshi mu bisigazwa byarashyinguwe ariko hasigaye imyenda nindangamuntu. <ref name="archive">[http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Genocide Archive of Rwanda]</ref> Indangamuntu nizo zagaragazaga abantu nk'abatutsi cyangwa abahutu. Abantu bo muri aka gace kegeranye n'urusengero nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri iryo torero nabo barishwe. Ibisigazwa byabantu 50.000 byashyinguwe hano. <ref name="lp">[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/sights/religious/nyamata-church Nyamata church], Lonely Planet, Retrieved 4 March 2016</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Nyamata]]  == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-nyamata-liberation-day-photography Umunsi wo Kwibohoza kwa Nyamata], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside yo mu Rwanda] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Genocide]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] hf7h1w6v5e7sz72q9bgveksutsyjzt0 0 8900 77085 75662 2021-08-06T15:16:54Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyamirambo.jpg|thumb|181x181px|Umurenge wa Nyamirambo uherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Dosiye:Green_mosque_Kigali.jpg|thumb|171x171px|Umusigiti w'abayisilamu batuye munce za Nyamirambo]] Umurenge wa Nyamirambo ni umwe murenge 10 [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|igize]]<ref>[https://nyarugenge.gov.rw/]</ref> akarere ka Nyarugenge, ukaba ugizwe n'utugari dutandukanye, kamwe muri two akaba ari akagari ka Mumena, kabarizwamo ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye, twavuga; nk'amashuri: Ex: College St Andre, EP St Nicolas, etc... Paruwasi St Charles Lwanga (Cyangwa Paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Lwanga, Ikibuga cy'Umupira w'amaguru cyitwa Sitade Mumena kj7wzfusw4uuuu5msw1c69p8f9e14nr 0 8901 76633 76047 2021-07-30T09:24:25Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Kiriziya y, umuryango mutagatifu ,Ikigali iherereye mukarere ka nuarugenge {{Infobox church|name=Sainte-Famille Church|image=Ste.-Famille Church - Genocide Site - Viewed through Trees - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|caption=Sainte-Famille Church, Kigali|pushpin map=Rwanda|pushpin label position=|pushpin map alt=|pushpin mapsize=250|map caption=Location in Rwanda|coordinates={{coord|-1.94455|30.06352|format=dms|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline,title}}|dedication=Holy Family|denomination=Catholic|churchmanship=|presbytery=|minister=|organist=|website=}} '''Kiriziya ya Sainte-Famille''' (Itorero ryumuryango Mutagatifu) ni kiliziya gatolika i Kiyovu, mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Iherereye ku musozi, hafi y'akarere k'ubucuruzi ka Nyarugenge. == Ubwubatsi ==[[File:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille]] Inyubako yubatswe mumatafari atukura, ariko uruhande rwayo rwarimbishijwe namakaro yumweru . Usibye iyo paruwasi, harimo n'ihoteli, ivuriro, ishuri ryibanze, ishuri ritwara ibinyabiziga n’inyubako zahawe abantu na paruwasi. == Amateka == Iyi nyubako yubatswe mu 1913, ni rimwe mu matorero manini yo muri uyu mujyi. [[File:Rwanda_Kigali_Eglise_de_la_Sainte_Famille_001.jpg|left|thumb| Sainte Famille, urubuga rwa jenoside]] Muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994, ibihumbi [[Abatutsi|by'abatutsi]] bahungiye muri iryo torero kandi benshi baricwa, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] . Ababibonye bavuze ko umupadiri wari ushinzwe iryo torero, Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, yitwaje intwaro kandi afasha imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abahutu gukura abantu muri iryo torero kugira ngo bicwe. Munyeshyaka ni we wari nyirabayazana w'ubwo bwicanyi bwinshi, yemera ko "reka imitwe yitwara gisirikare itora abo bashaka buri kanya." Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yangaga abatutsi abita ''inyenzi'' . Nyuma yibi bibaye hamwe nandi asa nandi matorero, benshi mubanyarwanda binjiye mubuyisilamu  . Nyuma y’imyaka icumi, papa [[Antoine Kambanda]], umuyobozi w’ishami ryaho ry’umuryango utabara imbabare wa Caritas, yemeye ko bamwe mu bagize kiliziya gatolika bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, nubwo abandi bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo babakumire. == Reba ==   p251crzingqma75dfg8jfxspkzp3yva 0 8902 82385 76036 2022-04-01T07:22:51Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Pariki ya Gishwati''' ==[[File:Gishwati Natural Forest 02.jpg|thumb|Gishwati Natural Forest 02]] Iyi pariki herereye [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|hagati yakarere ka nyabihu]]<ref>https://www.nyabihu.gov.rw/</ref> na ngororero<ref>https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/</ref>, iri shyamba ribitse inyamanswa nyishi ndetse n inyoni ziguruka , hamwe ningagi nkeya [[File:Middle income housing around Gishwati forest.jpg|thumb|Middle income housing around Gishwati forest]] {{Infobox protected area|name=Gishwati Forest Reserve|location=[[Rwanda]]|world_heritage_site=|governing_body=|visitation_year=|visitation_num=|established=|coordinates=|nearest_city=|relief=|map_width=|map_caption=Location within [[Rwanda]]|map_alt=|map=Rwanda|photo_width=|photo_caption=The Hills of Gishwati, 2004|photo_alt=|photo=Collines de Gishwati 3.JPG|url=}} '''Ishyamba rya Gishwati''' ni ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ryitaweho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'ikiyaga cya Kivu]] . aya mashyamba yatangiye kwitambwaho kuva mumwaka 1978, kandi amashyamba menshi yabayeho kuva muwa 1986. hasigaye agace gato kazengurutse amashyamba kavukire, 1,500 acres (6.1 km yishyamba ryumwimerere 250.000. Uretse igihombo gikomeye kurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, muri aka karere,harinindi bikorwa bibangamira imisugire y'all nk' isuri no kwangirika no n'inkangu . Ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mumyaka mike ishize byongereye amashyamba kavukire asigaye kuri 2,500 acres. == Amateka == Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryahoze ari igice kimwe muma mashyamba atoshye anyuze hagati ya [[Afurika|Afrika.]] kandi riherereye hakurya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <ref>http://197.243.22.137/karongi/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=76&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=c1ca6a989ff2e37d2ac836b69f2adf5b</ref>ihuza amashyamba y'imvura yo muri Kongo, n'amajyepfo igahuza [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] . iyi miterere y’amashyamba yacitsemo ibice kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no gutema amashyamba.<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/soe/kinya.pdf</ref> [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] yateje ikibazo aho impunzi zahunze kandi abaturage bariyongera uko abantu bavanywe mu byabo; icyakora ako gace kari karahuye nibibazo byo guteshwa agaciro mbere ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda. Aka gace karangiritse kubera ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi kugeza igihe butatanga umusaruro. Isuri, inkangu, kugabanuka kw'amazi, n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka byari byaturutse ku iyangirika ry'ubutaka. Gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati (GACP) yatangiye muwa 2007 ku bufatanye na perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], na Great Ape Trust, yashinzwe n’umugiraneza Ted Townsend. Iyi gahunda yatangiranye igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho parike y’igihugu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati no guhagarika kwangirika vuba. Mu 1930 Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryatwaye hegitari 70.000 ariko ryatakaje hafi 90 ku ijana by'igifuniko cyaryo, iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kugarura igihombo gikomeye ako gace kamaze kubona mu myaka icumi ishize bityo ikibanza kikaba Ishyamba ry'amizero. Mu mwaka wa 2011, GACP yasimbuwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’u Rwanda uzwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’amashyamba, kuri ubu ucunga amashyamba ya Gishwati (GFR). Kuva yabyitaho habayeho kwiyongera kwa 67 ijana by'ubunini bw'ishyamba rya Gishwati. ndetse ni ingagi zariyongereye kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoreshejwe muriyo gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati yatangiriye ku cyizere cy'uko mu nzira guverinoma y'u Rwanda izafata ako gace ikayigira parike y'igihugu. Bimwe mubikorwa bya leta no gutangaza amakuru byerekana ko GFR izamurwa muri parike yigihugu mugihe cya vuba. ishyamba rya gishwati 1986 kugeza muwa 2001{{Clear}} == Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye == Kubera gutema amashyamba ya Gishwati, gutakaza cyane ibinyabuzima byatumye. Fauna yonyine yagabanutseho 99.7%. Ibimera bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabaturage kavukire nabyo byagabanutse cyane. Imbuto zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 93.3%, imboga zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 99,6%, naho imiti yo mu gasozi ikoreshwa n’abaturage kavukire yagabanutseho<ref>http://197.243.22.137/rutsiro/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=12&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=1bfce74ad5c61f2ed2ec512c042011ac</ref> 79.9%. [[File:A busy Male Baboon taking care of his female at Uwinka in Nyungwe National Park 01.jpg|thumb|A busy Male Baboon taking care of his female at Uwinka in Nyungwe National Park 01]] Ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuboneka mubigega. Haboneka amoko ane ya primates, [[Impundu|Chimpanzee]]<ref>https://taarifa.rw/restored-gishwati-mukura-park-open-for-chimpanzee-trekking/</ref> [[Impundu|y'Iburasirazuba]] , inkende , [[Inkima|inkende y'ubururu]], [[Icyondi|n'inguge ya L'Hoest]] (izwi kandi mu nguge zo ku misozi). Nubwo atari guhera 2002, ubwoko bwa gatanu bwibinyabuzima, colobus yumukara numweru byavuzwe ko yabonetse. Muri iki gihe habarurwa amashyamba 20 yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 54% mubunini bwabaturage kuva kuri chimps 13 muri 2008, igihe GACP yatangiraga. Harimo impinja eshanu. Fauna Ibindi basanga ni amoko 84 ya inyoni, harimo Woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculidae ), White-headed Woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus bollei ), Old World Warblers ( Sylviidae ), na Mountain Yellow Warbler ( Iduna similis ). Igikeri cyamashyamba yijimye hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamasaro ni bumwe mubuzima bwa amphibian buboneka mwishyamba. Ku bijyanye n’ibikururuka, inzoka nini zo mu biyaga binini n’amoko menshi ya chameleone nayo iboneka mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. == Kubungabunga == Itsinda rito ryitaruye rya chimpanzees yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rituye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati, ahantu hashobora kuba urutonde runini mini kuburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage bari baragabanutse kugera ku banyamuryango cumi na batatu kandi bari hafi guhura n'ibiza . Hagati ya 2008 na 2011 abaturage biyongereyeho mirongo ine na batandatu ku ijana bagera ku banyamuryango cumi n'icyenda ku bw'imbaraga za guverinoma y'u Rwanda na gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati . Imbaraga nkizashyizweho kugirango zifashe inguge nini za Gishwati zirashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha inguge nini kwisi. Ishyamba rya Gishwati nubuzima bwibihumbi magana byabanyarwanda batuye hafi ya Gishwati. Ishyamba rifasha kubungabunga uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bikarinda kwangirika. Mu bihe biri imbere irashobora guha ubukungu bwu Rwanda inyungu ziva mu bidukikije binyuze mu binyabuzima biboneka muri ako karere. === Tera ibiti 2020 === Muri 2011, Plant-It 2020<ref>https://onetreeplanted.org/products/rwanda</ref> yatanze inkunga muri Gahunda yo Kubungabunga Agace ka Gishwati ya Great Ape Trust yo gutera ibiti 1.000 kavukire mu ishyamba ry’igihugu cya Gishwati no mu burengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]] . Ibimera-It 2020 ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu wo gutera amashyamba washinzwe na nyakwigendera umuririmbyi John Denver . === Ishyamba rya Gishwati na koridoro ya Nyungwe === Umuhanda wa hegitari 10,000 wibiti byatewe birashobora umunsi umwe guhuza ishyamba rya Gishwati na parike yigihugu ya Nyungwe, nko mu bilometero mirongo itatu ugana mu [[File:Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe]]majyepfo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki/Menya-pariki-y-igihugu-ya-Nyungwe</ref>. Ihuriro rizemerera inyamanswa kwimuka hagati y’ahantu harinzwe kandi ikishingira gene ya alleles hagati yabaturage bombi ba chimpanzees. Uyu mushinga wahawe inkunga na leta na Minisiteri y’ubutaka n’ibidukikije mu Rwanda kubera ko igiti gishya cy’amashyamba kizateza imbere gufata amazi no kweza amazi, gukumira isuri, kuzuza uburumbuke bw’ubutaka, no gushyigikira ibidukikije<ref>https://rushyashya.net/rubavu-ikibazo-cyabimuwe-mu-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-cyongeye-gukurura-impaka-imbere-ya-perezida-kagame/</ref> . == Imibereho yabaturiye ishyamba rya Gishwati == mumyaka yo hambere abaturage bigeze kwibasira iri [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|shyamba rya gishwati]] bararitema hafi yo kurimaraho bikorera ibikorwa bwite byo mubuzima bwabo bwa burimunsi kuburyo haje no kuvuka ikibazo gikomeye kubera gutema ibiti bigize iryo shyamba kuko bimwe mubinyabuzima byari bituye mu [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|ishyamba rya Gishwati]] zatangiye guhunga.kugera iubu irishyamba nryaje ikwitabwaho abaturage bashishikarizwa guteramo ibiti byinshi bishoboka kugirango ryongere risubire kumurongo kuburyo ryaje kugirwa na pariki nigihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] ubu akaba ari rimwe mu mashyamba afitiye abarituriye umumaro ndetse nigihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] muri rusange == Reba Imiyoboro ==   24v3jbfktc3v56a69ni9dubjwl8shsq 0 8903 77866 75673 2021-08-18T02:31:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jumping comptition at amahoro stadium in kigali, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|imikino ibera muri stade amahoro]] '''Stade Amahoro''' , izwi ku izina rya '''Sitade y'igihugu y' Amahoro''', ni stade ifite intego nyinshi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere]] ka [[Kigali|Gasabo i Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibihubi 25.000, niyo stade nini mu Rwanda kandi yakira imikino y'umupira w'amaguru, ibitaramo, nibikorwa rusange. amatsinda y'amakipi y'umupira w'amaguru Armée Patriotique Rwandaise(APR) FC na Rayon Sports FC niyo akodesha muri iyi stade. Ikibuga nacyo gikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe muri rugubi. [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium Kigali.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya stade amahoro]] Mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994, yari "ubuhungiro bw'agateganyo Umuryango w’abibumbye warindiyemo impunzi [[Abatutsi|z'abatutsi zigera ku 12.0]] == Aho iherereye == Iherereye I Remera mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] mu murenge wa Remera mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], iri mu birometero 10 uvuye mu mugi rwagati. == Amateka == Stade yubatswe na sosiyete yitwa china civil engeneering construction corporation, ku giciro cya miliyoni 21 zamadorari. Kubaka byatangiye muri Werurwe 1984, birangira muri Mutarama 1989. [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium 2003 c.png|thumb|Ifoto ya sitade amahoro muri 2003]] Mu 1990, Intambara yaradutse hagati yabanyagihugu babaga mu [[Rwanda]] no hanze yarwo yaratangiye hagati [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|y'u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), n'ingabo za perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]]. Intambara yarangiye mu 1993 habaho ibiganiro ndetse no gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha, yahaye imyanya FPR muri guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yagutse (BBTG) n’ingabo z’igihugu, ikanateganya ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro. Izi ngabo zizwi ku izina ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe gufasha u Rwanda (MINUAR), kandi zari ziyobowe na jenerali w’umunyakanada Roméo Dallaire . ikicaro gikuru cya MINUAR yari mu Hotel des Mille Collines, ariko hoteli ntabwo yemeraga kwakira abasirikare, maze Dallaire ashaka ahandi ho gukorera; nyuma y'iminsi mike yo gushakisha, MINUAR yahisemo Stade Amahoro, yari nini bihagije kuburyo yakira batayo yose y'abasirikare. Ikicaro gikuru cyafunguwe kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 1993, n' ibirori ku mugaragaro byitabiriwe Dallaire na Perezida Habyarimana.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ubuhamya-bwa-perezida-kagame-ku-mpamvu-fpr-yagabye-ibitero-amasezerano-ya</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|rwanda]] Guhagarara kw'imirwano byabaye mu buryo butunguranye ku ya 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Habyarimana yaraswaga akicwa; ubwo bwicanyi [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|bwabaye]] umusemburo wa jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]], yatangiye mu masaha make akurikira iraswa ryiyo ndege. Guverinoma y'agateganyo yatangiye kwica Abatutsi n'Abahutu bashyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi wari warateguwe cyera, mu gihugu hose. Ab'Abatutsi batangiye guhungira mu kigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye, impunzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ziteranira muri Stade Amahoro.<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=4073&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=5a9bac2174dc2d1a6d23978a1a6f10bb</ref> == Umushinga wo kuvugurura == Minisiteri ya Siporo ihagarariwe na [[Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju]] yatangaje ko imirimo yo kuvugurura sitade amahoro bidahindutse izatangira mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020 cyangwa 2021 iyi stade ikab izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu barenga ibihumbi 45 bavuye kuri 25.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/imirimo-yo-kuvugurura-sitade-amahoro-izatangira-mu-kuboza-2020/</ref> == Reba == * [[Ikiciro:Siporo i Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda stadium]] 4quqc6h799get4ov4pjq8k3utpmnaq6 0 8904 75676 75675 2021-06-11T08:40:30Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Abagororwa bazwi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gereza ya Gikondo''' cyangwa '''Gereza yo mu mujyi wa Kigali''' yahoze yitwa '''Gereza ya nyarugenge 1930''' [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01.jpg|thumb|Gereza ya Gikondo]] iherereye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Yubatswe mu myaka ya za 1930, yari igamije kubamo imfungwa nkeya cyane. Nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 50.000 kuko umubare munini w'abagororwa bari abajenosideri. Benshi bazanywe mu nkiko za Gacaca kugira ngo baburanishwe kubera ibyaha by'intambara na jenocide ariko bakaguma muri gereza. Komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge yagize uruhare runini mu gusuzuma aho bafungiye, imibereho yabo ndetse no muzindi gereza zo mu Rwanda, muri jenocide byarushijeho kuba bibi nubwo byagaragaye ko hari iterambere mbere y'intambara.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH7_u44thFQ</ref> Mu Kwakira 1999, ICRC yashyikirije raporo y'ibanga abayobozi bakuru bo mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’imishyikirano, CICR yongeye kunoza itangwa ry’ibiribwa, umutungo n’imiti ku mfungwa z’abasivili, isana gereza kandi itanga ibikoresho byo kwifashisha muri gereza. == Abagororwa bazwi == Valérie Bemeriki == Reba ==   <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Ikiciro:Gereza]] cub3kmk06d1c7p5h1dv0wc5vkz9bf8y 0 8905 77908 75825 2021-08-18T14:51:21Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Utubindi twa ndoli.png|thumb|257x257px|Utubindi twa Ndoli]] Utubindi twa [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] tuvugwa ahitwa i Rubona, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kiziguro mu [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], tukaba dufite amateka maremare. == Amateka == Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 16<ref>http://hafiyawe.com/ibitangaje-ku-utubindi-twa-rubona-twafukuwe-na-ruganzu-agasangiriramo-inzoga-ningabo-ze/</ref>, intambara yo kwagura igihugu yabaye hagati y’u [[Rwanda]] n’Ubunyabungo yahitanye umwami w’ u [[Rwanda]] [[Ndahiro II Cyamatare]]. Amaze gutanga, igihugu cyaguye mu kangaratete gitegekwa n’Ubunyabungo. Muri icyo gihe igikomangoma Ruganzu rwa Ndahiro yabaga i Karagwe muri [[Tanzaniya]] kwa nyirasenge aho yari yaragiye kubunda akiri umwana. Abifashijwemo n’abagaragu ba se harimo na Kavuna ka Mushimiye, [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] n’ubwo yari akiri muto yatashye mu [[Rwanda]], atsinda Ubunyabungo yunamura igihugu cyari kimaze imyaka 11 mu kangaratete. Aza mu [[Rwanda]], [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] n’ingabo ze baraye i [[Rubona mu Buganza. Bahageze bafite inyota, afata icumu rye arishinga mu butaka ahacukura intango 12 zose zuzura amazi. == Aho duherereye ==[[File:Kings Palace 1.jpg|thumb|Kings Palace 1]] Utu tubindi duherereye mu kigo cy’Urwunge rw’amashuri ya Rubona mu kagari ka Rubona mu murenge wa Kiziguro, tukaba ari cumi na tubiri(12). Twose bivugwa ko twafukuwe na [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] ubwo yari abundutse (guhunguka k’umwami) i Karagwe k’Abahinda, muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/amateka-yutubindi-twa-ruganzu-ndoli-i-rubona-muri-gatsibo/</ref> Iyo ugeze ahari utwo utubindi twitiriwe [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]], uhabona ibimenyetso bikunze kumwitirirwa birimo aho yarambitse umuheto, imyambi, inkota, intebe yicaragaho ndetse n’utwo tubindi uko ari 12<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/amateka-yutubindi-twa-ruganzu-ndoli-i-rubona-muri-gatsibo/</ref>. == Reba == # 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315 # 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315 # 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315 # 1.http://rwandaday.org/2016/?page_id=1315 [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 6k7ghkw50x1ij8ualem67tjl7ymgdz2 0 8906 76116 75678 2021-07-18T14:54:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi wa Nyabugogo ni umwe mu migezi minini iri mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]], ikaba itemba igana mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Ukaba uherereye hafi y'aho ikigo abagenzi bategeramo imodoka cya nyabugogo. Uyu mugezi ukaba ukunze kurangwa no kuzura<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umugezi-wa-nyabugogo-wuzuye-amazi-agera-mu-muhanda</ref> ukarenga umuhanda mu bihe by'itumba cg se imvura. Mu gihe cyashize ukaba waronjyeye kuvugwa cyane igihe hari umwana w'imyaka 6 warohamagamo akaza gutabarwa n'uwitwa Bunani Jean Claude<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Uwatabaye-umwana-wari-watwawe-n-umugezi-wa-Nyabugogo-arasabirwa-igihembo</ref>. [[Dosiye:Leisach-Gries,_de_Drau_IMG_1433_2019-08-06_13.46.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Nyabugogo]] == References == <references /> kgtk0t1nr9ryh2qgrm9awn6r6khjroc 0 8908 77816 75843 2021-08-17T23:41:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bikira Mariya w'Ubwenge''' mu kinyarwanda cyangwa gusa '''Cathedral ya Butare,''' Ni inyubako ya Kiliziya Gatolika ikaba iri mu mujyi wa [[Butare]], mu majyepfo y'igihugu mu [[Rwanda]] . [[Dosiye:Catholic Cathedral of Butare.jpg|thumb|Katedrale ya Butare]] == Amateka == Niyo katedrali ya mbere nini cyane mu gihugu, yubatswe mu myaka ya za 1930 igihe Butare (izwi ku izina rya Astrida nyuma ya 1935) yari umurwa mukuru w’abakoloni, ikaba yariswe gutyo mu rwego rwo kwibuka ubuzima bwa Astrid wo muri Suwede Umugabekazi w’umwamikazi w’Ababiligi kugeza mu 1935. [[Dosiye:Interior of Catholic Cathedral - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda - 02 (9009475800).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|muri kiliziya]] == Aho iherereye == Iyi Katedirale yitiriwe Bikira Mariya w'Ubwenge, iherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo, akarere ka [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]], umurenge wa Ngoma. == Imikorere == Katedrali ikurikiza umuhango w’Abaroma cyangwa Ikilatini kandi ikora nk'icyicaro cya Diyosezi ya Butare ( ''Dioecesis Butarensis'' ) yubatswe mu 1961 na Papa Yohani XXIII na bula ''Gaudet'' . == Reba == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Gatolika y'Abaroma mu Rwanda]] * Cathedrale Basilika ya Bikira Mariya [[Ikiciro:Kiriziya]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] p4qjs194in0o6j84321jf6fyi0i5glo 0 8909 81350 81349 2022-01-17T11:51:28Z Dedios Nsabimana 10237 Corrected Kinyarwanda writing errors wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Caraes.png|thumb|326x326px|Ibitaro bya CARAES Ndera]] Ibitaro bya CARAES Ndera, byatangiye kubakwa mu mwaka w' 1968 , bikaba ari ibitaro bifasha abarwayi bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n'ubw'imyakura. == Amateka == <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe</ref>Ibitaro bya CARAES Ndera ni bitaro byashinzwe mu mwaka w’1968 n'Umuryango w'Abafurere b'Abashariti, nyuma y'icyifuzo cya Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] na Kiliziya Gatolika cyo kurekura abarwayi bo mu mutwe bava mu magereza y'igihugu. Abarwayi ba mbere bakiriwe mu bitaro mu 1972. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kwari uguteza imbere serivisi zita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe zishingiye ku mibereho n’umuco mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka wa 1994 Muri ibi bitaro haguye inzirakarengane nyinshi zazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|genocide yakorewe abatutsi]] Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ibitaro bya Caraes Ndera, Furere Nkubili Charles avuga ko mu 1994 ku itariki 17 Mata<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/219259</ref>, ari bwo abasirikare n’interahamwe bagabye ibitero bakica abantu bose batagiriye imbabazi abarwayi bo mu mutwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe</ref>. == Aho biherereye == Ibi bitaro biherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], Umurenge wa Ndera. == Uko bikora == Abatanga ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bafite uruhare runini cyane mu gukumira, gusuzuma, kuvura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwayi bo muri CARAES Ndera n'amashami yayo ya CARAES [[Butare]] Psychiatric Centre na Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre.<ref>https://hi-in.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10159232740167114</ref> * Kwita ku barwayi bo mu mutwe n'imyakura boherejwe n'ibindi bigo nderabuzima n'ibitaro. * Kwemeza ubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki mu buzima bwo mu mutwe mu bitaro by'uturere ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima. * Guhugura inzobere mu buzima mu buzima bwo mu mutwe * Kwigisha abanyeshuri b'imbere n'inzobere mu buzima ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. == Ubutumwa bw'ibitaro == Gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bufite ubuhanga n’ubwitange ku barwayi bo mu mutwe n’ubuvuzi bw’imitsi n'imyakura baturuka mu gihugu hose, no kwiyemeza kwigisha abahanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe<ref>https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php#</ref>. == Icyerekezo cy'ibitaro == Gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwuzuye ku barwayi bose boherejwe; guhinduka ibitaro by'icyitegererezo byohererezwa abarwayi bo mu karere ka Afurika yo Hagati n'Iburasirazuba. == Reba == # https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php# #https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe #https://brothersofcharity.org/50-years-caraes-ndera/?lang=en #https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php# #https://hi-in.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10159232740167114 <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 5bnz8clumgbxy23dhy14n2kovvk7ojm 0 8911 77294 75811 2021-08-09T20:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Topi_in_Akagera_National_Park.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting four Topis on a hillside in Akagera, with another hill and a lake visible in the background|right|thumb|300x300px| Topis muri Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] '''Ibinyabuzima byo mu Rwanda''' bigizwe n’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima, mu bihe byabanjirije amateka, byari bigizwe n’ishyamba rya montane muri kimwe cya gatatu cy’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda. Nyamara, ibimera bisanzwe ubu bigarukira gusa kuri parike eshatu zigihugu hamwe n’amashyamba ane y’amashyamba, hamwe n' ubuhinzi bw’amaterasi bukaba bwiganje mu bindi bihugu. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75T9mqpHllo</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'isi == U Rwanda ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afurika yo hagati, gihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Tanzaniya]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . 26,338 square kilometres (10,169 sq mi) mu bunini, muri 26,668 square kilometres (10,297 sq mi) ni ubutaka na 1,670 square kilometres (640 sq mi) ni amazi. Ahantu hirengeye ni [[Ikirunga cya Karisimbi|Ikirunga Karisimbi]] kuri 4,519 metres (14,826 ft), mugihe ari hasi cyane ni uruzi rwa Rusizi kuri 950 metres (3,120 ft) . Ubutaka bw'u Rwanda bwiganjemo ubwatsi bwa savanna hafi 46% bifatwa nk'ubutaka bwo guhingwa naho 9.5 ku ijana byeguriwe ibihingwa bihoraho. Imisozi miremire n'imisozi ni byo byiganjemo ubutaka, mu gihe ubutabazi bw'igihugu buvugwa ko ari imisozi, ubutumburuke bwabwo bukagabanuka kuva iburengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba. Ikintu kidasanzwe muri geografiya na geologiya yu Rwanda ni Ikibaya kinini cya Afurika. Mu rwego rwo gutandukana, Albertine Rift inyura mw' ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ni ikintu cyimisozi "muri rusange, kibamo inyoni zanduye, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, n’inyamanswa kurusha utundi turere twose two muri Afurika". Ikibaya gitandukanijwe gisobanurwa ngo: "Gutandukana niho ibice by'isi bigenda bikwirakwira buhoro buhoro mu myaka miriyoni, bigatera imisozi, ibiyaga, ibibaya n'ibirunga." Ikindi kintu kikiranga ni Igabana rya Kongo-Nili . Iyi misozi inyura mu Rwanda mu majyaruguru yerekeza mu majyepfo. [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] ni rwo ruzi runini mu Rwanda, igice cy’amasoko yo hejuru ya [[Nili]] kandi kikaba gifite hafi 66% by’amazi y’amazi y’igihugu agaburirwa n’ifata ryakira imvura igereranywa buri mwaka irenga 2000&nbsp;mm. Igihugu gifite ikirere giciriritse gifite ibihe by'imvura kabiri mu mwaka, Gashyantare kugeza Mata na none Ugushyingo kugeza Mutarama. Ubushyuhe bwo ku misozi bworoheje, nubwo hari amahirwe yo gukonja na shelegi.<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=77&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=74&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=29&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=5&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2020&cHash=2cbee57bb3fe1133dfe22990f33bf581</ref> == Ahantu harinzwe == [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female with baby.jpg|thumb|Ingagi yo mu birungu]] Hano hari ahantu hatatu harinzwe gizwe parike z'igihugu. [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] ifite ubuso bungana na ha 108.500, [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Parike y'igihugu ya Nyungwe]] ifite ubuso bwa ha 101.900 naho [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y’ibirunga]] ifite ubuso bwa ha 16,000. Hiyongeraho mashyamba [[Pariki ya Gishwati|ishyamba rya Gishwati (ha 700)]], ishyamba rya Mukura (ha 1600), ishyamba rya Busaga (ha 150) n’ishyamba rya Buhanga hamwe na galeri y'ishyamba ryo mu ntara y’iburasirazuba ringana na ha 160.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abiga-muri-kaminuza-basabwe-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-mu-byanya-bikomye</ref> [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe nigice]] kinini gisigaye cyamashyamba kirimo amoko 200 yibiti hamwe na orchide na begoniya . [5] Ibimera muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y’ibirunga]] ahanini ni imigano n’imisozi, hamwe n’uduce duto tw’amashyamba. [1] Ibinyuranye, Akagera ifite urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwa savanna aho acacia yiganje ku bimera. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibimera bidasanzwe cyangwa bugeramiwe muri Akagera, harimo ''Markhamia lutea'' na ''guineensis ya Eulophia'' . == Ibimera == [[Dosiye:Nymphaea_thermarum1.jpg|thumb|250x250px| ''Nymphaea thermarum'' mu Rwanda.]] Kugeza muri 2007, amashyamba mu Rwanda yarafashe ahangana na hegitari 240.746.53 zigizwe n’amashyamba karemano y’ubuso mu gace ka 33.15%, amashyamba karemano yangiritse angana na 15,79%, ishyamba ry’imigano rya 1.82%, savannasi bangana na 1.55%, imirima minini ya eucalyptus igera kuri 26.4%, guhinga vuba aha eucalyptus na kopi hamwe na 5.01 kwijana ryibiti bya pinusi. Ishyamba rya Montane, rimwe mu mashyamba ya kera cyane yanditswe na mbere yigihe cy’ibarafu rifite ubutunzi budasanzwe bw’amoko 200 y’ibiti, ibimera byinshi by’indabyo birimo lobelia nini na orchide nyinshi zifite amabara. Hariho amoko arenga 140 ya orchide mu gasozi k’ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Hariho ibyiciro bine by'amashyamba byasobanuwe. Aya ni: Ishyamba rya Nili Ridge Congo, ishyamba karemano rikubiyemo parike n’ibigega by’igihugu; amashyamba na galeri z'amashyamba; amashyamba agizwe nubwoko bwa ''Eucalyptus sp'', ''Pinus sp'', na ''Grevillea robusta'' ; n'ahantu h’amashyamba mu butaka bwo guhinga ndetse n'ingamba zo kurwanya isuri. Amazi mato mato ku isi, ''Nymphaea thermarum'', ntiyari yanduye u Rwanda gusa, ahubwo yanduye icyondo gitose cyatewe n'amazi menshi y’amazi meza ashyushye i Mashyuza. Yazimye mu gasozi ahagana mu 2008 igihe abahinzi baho batangiraga gukoresha isoko mu buhinzi. Abahinzi bahagaritse imigezi yisoko, yumisha agace gato - metero kare imwe - niho lili yari ituye. Carlos Magdalena, mu busitani bwa Royal Botanic i Kew, yashoboye kumera zimwe mu mbuto 20 ziheruka; umunani yatangiye kumera no gukura mu byumweru kandi mu Gushyingo 2009, amasoko y'amazi arabye bwa mbere. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716104717/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/extinct-waterlily-back-from-the-dead.htm/ 'Extinct' Waterlily back from the dead], Australian Geographic, May 21, 2010,</ref> == Ibinyabuzima == Ubwinshi bw’inyamabere nini ziboneka muri Parike eshatu zigihugu, zagenewe kubungabunga ibidukikije. [10] Akagera irimo inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa savanna nka giraffi n'inzovu, [11] mu gihe ibirunga bibarirwa hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abatuye [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo ku misozi ku isi.]] Ishyamba rya Nyungwe rifite ubwoko butatu bwibinyabuzima burimo chimpanzees na Ruwenzori colobus arboreal monkey; coluwus ya Ruwenzori yimuka mumatsinda yabantu bagera kuri 400, ingano nini yingabo za prima zose muri Afrika. [14] makumyabiri amoko bw'inyamabere byatangajwe Animal binyuranye web ya Museum Jewoloji Kaminuza ya Michigan ni munsi. [[Dosiye:Acanthocercus_atricollis.jpg|thumb| ''Acanthocercus atricollis'' ku nkombe za [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Lac Kivu]] mu Rwanda.]] binyabuzima ni ubwoko bwiganje bw’ibinyabuzima mu [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] . Ubwoko buvugwa ni Ruwenzori colobus, inkende za L'Hoest na chimpanzees (ubwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima 13). Ubwoko bwa amphibian bwavuzwe ni Hyperolius viridiflavus . === Inyoni === [[Dosiye:Grey_crowned_crane.jpg|thumb| Umusambi mu Ruhengeri, mu Rwanda.]] Mu Rwanda hari [[Inyoni zo mu Rwanda|amoko]] 670 y’inyoni, afite itandukaniro hagati yuburasirazuba nuburengerazuba. [16] Ariko, nk'uko buri ryita Birdlist umubare amoko nk'uko buri Ibigenderwaho WICE ni raporo kuba 711. [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe Forest]], mu burengerazuba, afite 280 amoko, bikaba 26 ni akarande ku Albertine Rift; [16] endemic harimo Rwenzori turaco na mwiza spurfowl . [18] Ibinyuranye n’u Rwanda, hagaragaramo inyoni za savanna nka gonolek ifite umutwe wirabura hamwe n’ibijyanye n’ibishanga n’ibiyaga, harimo ingurube na crane . [16] Byongeye kandi, nk'uko Ishyirahamwe Avi Base ribivuga, amoko yangiritse ku isi ni 9 naho amoko yatangijwe ni 3 kuri amoko 692 yose hamwe guhera mu 2012. Balaeniceps rex (inkweto) na Agapornis fischeri (inyoni y'urukundo rwa Fischer) nayo ivugwa. Ishyamba rya Nyungwe ni ahantu hagenewe inyoni zingenzi (IBA) zashyizwe ku rutonde na BirdLife International . Ubururu bunini bwa turaco nubwoko bwinyoni bugaragara cyane buboneka kubwinshi. Nubururu, umutuku nicyatsi, bisobanurwa nk "inyoni itemba kuva ku giti kugera ku giti nkurugendo rwimitekerereze ya turukiya". Abanyaburayi barya inzuki Merops apiaster ni ubwoko bw’inyoni zimuka muri kariya gace k’amashyamba mugihe cyitumba. Igishanga cya Rugezi gikingira u Rwanda umubare munini w’ubworozi bw’imyenda yambitswe ikamba . Ababoshyi badasanzwe hamwe nizuba ryizuba ryerekanwe kuri kashe yu Rwanda. Urutonde rwubwoko bwinyoni bugeramiwe kwisi yose, nkuko byatangajwe na Avibase data ya BirdLife International, nibi bikurikira. '''Ibiri mu kaga''' == Kubungabunga == Parike n’igihugu cy’amashyamba byugarijwe n’ubuhigi, ibihingwa byibasira nka hyacint y’amazi, kurisha amatungo atabifitiye uburenganzira, kuroba mu buryo butemewe, inkongi z’umuriro, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye, gusarura imigano, kwambura ubutaka burinzwe mu buhinzi, gukusanya inkwi, kubika no guhinga ibyatsi. gukuramo ibimera. Iki kibazo cyatewe n’ibibazo by’imiyoborere bidafite amategeko n’amabwiriza ndetse n’igitutu gikomeye cya antropogene. Gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije yashyizweho ku turere twose turinzwe harimo umuryango w’imidugudu ituye no hafi y’akarere karinzwe. Ibikorwa byo kubungabunga byibanze ku kongera ubwinshi bw’amashyamba mu gutera ibiti muri "kamere yo kwisubiraho no kuvugurura kamere y’ibinyabuzima by’ibanze kandi bifite agaciro". ''Gutera byarimo'' amoko nka ''carissa macrocarpa'', entandrophragma (ubwoko bwubwoko cumi na bumwe bwibiti byimeza) na symphonia globulifera, no gushyiraho uruzitiro rukingira imbibi z’amashyamba hakoreshejwe ibihingwa byamahwa. Imwe mu mbaraga zahurijwe hamwe zatangijwe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ni ukongera umubare w'ahantu harinzwe ndetse no kongera ibiti by’ibiti kugira ngo ubuso bw’amashyamba bugera kuri 10% kugeza kuri 20% muri 2020. == Reba kandi == * Urutonde [[Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera|Ibinyabuzima bitungwa n’ibimera mu Rwanda]] == Reba == * [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki z'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 8v41wa3xgumn1ydm7l40dtvxllp50x1 0 8913 78938 76624 2021-08-29T21:34:33Z Hasley 7653 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/41.186.78.209|41.186.78.209]] ([[User talk:41.186.78.209|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Germain92|Germain92]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urutare rwa ngarama.png|thumb|321x321px|Urutare rwa Ngarama<ref>https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/blog/urutare-rwa-ngarama.html</ref>]] Urutare cyangwa se ibare rya Ngarama riherereye mu murenge wa Ngarama, [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Akarere ka Gatsibo]],mu ntara y’iburasirazuba. Mu birometero bikabakaba makumyabiri(20 Km) uvuye ahitwa mu byapa bya Ngarama ku muhanda [[Kigali]]-[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]]. == Amateka == Uru rutare rukabakaba hegitari eshatu, rubitse amateka cyane dore ko uhabona Ikirenge cy’[[Umwami]] [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]],iriba ry’imbwa ze ndetse n’ingoma iri mu rutare uhondaho ibuye bikavuga nk’ingoma. Bigaragaza koko ubwenge n’ubuhangange bw’uwo mwami nkuko bivugwa mu mateka<ref>http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/amateka-y-rwa-ngarama.html#ixzz6xqYGJN6z</ref>. Iyo uhagaze kuri urwo rutare uba witegeye udusozi twa Kimbugu,Kigasha,Kibare na Mpangare ya Gitinda, ndetse n’umusozi wa Gatsibo k’imitoma witiriwe [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]]. Mu mateka havugwa nkaho umwami [[Ruganzu II Ndoli]] yimikiwe avuye Karagwe kwa Karemera uwari umutware waho aho yari yarahungiye. == Aho ruherereye == Uru rutare ruherereye mu ntara y'iburasirazuba, [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]], mu murenge wa Ngarama. Uru rutare rukaba ruherereye mu birometero makumyabiri (20) uvuye aho bita ku byaba bya Ngarama<ref>https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/blog/urutare-rwa-ngarama.html</ref>.[[File:Urutare rwa Kamegeri Monument.jpg|thumb|Urutare rwa Kamegeri Monument]] == Akamaro ku baturage == Bigaragara ko urutare rwa Ngarama,uretse kuba ingobyi y’amateka,n’ikiza nyaburanga kuko usanga ingero zitandukanye ziba zahatembereye, kubera amahumbezi yaho, nubwiza bubereye ijisho.gikwiye kwitabwaho nkuko n’ahandi hose mu [[Rwanda]] hafite ubwiza nyaburanga hitabwaho. Nta gushidikanya ko biramutse byitaweho, harushaho kwitabwaho, ndetse hakabyazwa n'umusaruro<ref>http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/amateka-y-rwa-ngarama.html#ixzz6xqYGJN6z</ref>. == Reba kandi == # https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/blog/urutare-rwa-ngarama.html # http://rw.bangmedia.org/2012/04/amateka-y-rwa-ngarama.html#ixzz6xqYGJN6z #https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6lK_Cd6Jhs #https://web.facebook.com/igihe/posts/gatsibo-urutare-rwa-ngarama-ruriho-ibirenge-byumwami-ruganzu-mu-kwitabwahohttpww/41554307852102 [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 5fkok18zjo0z554ey0v6x60mtbpi5ib 0 8914 77324 77106 2021-08-09T20:22:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isumo rya Rusumo''' ni isumo riherereye ku ruzi rwa Kagera ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Tanzaniya]], igice cy’amasoko ya kure cyane y’umugezi wa [[Nili]] . Iri sumo rifite uburebure bwa metero cumi neshanu (15 m) n' ubugali bwa metero mirongo ine 40 m (130 bukaba bwarakozwe kuri Precambrian schist na quartz - phyllite . Nubwo isumo ubwaryo ridafite uburebure bugaragara ugereranije n’andi masumo, ryagize uruhare runini mu mateka y’u [[Rwanda]] kuko rwagize aho rahurira n’uruzi rwonyine muri ako karere ka Kirehe, ku Rusumo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=95 |accessdate=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720010821/https://kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=95 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RusumoRoadSign.JPG|thumb|Rusumo Road Sign]] == Aho Riherereye == Iri sumo rya Rusumo riri hagati y'Urwanda na Tanzania rwakomeje kwifashishwa mugutanga amashanyarazi ,[[NLSAP]] niwo mushinga ukomeje gukurikirana ibikorwa remezo byo kubaka urwo rugomero . == Mu mateka == Aha niho Abanyaburayi bageze bwa mbere mu Rwanda mu 1894, ubwo [[Ubudage|Abadage]] Gustav Adolf von Götzen wahuraga aturutse Tanzaniya (u Rwanda rwafatwaga nk'igice cya Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubudage kuva mu 1885 ariko nta Mudage wari winjiye mu gihugu). Yakomereje aho, yerekeza ku ngoro y'u [[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|Mwami]] i Nyanza, akomeza yerekeza ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]] . [[Dosiye:RusumoFalls1.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px| Twegereye isumo.]] [[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] na bo binjiye mu Rwanda banyuze kuriri sumo, igihe bigaruriraga igihugu mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose mu mwaka w'1916. Ikiraro cya Rusumo nicyo cyonyine cyashoboraga kwambuka uruzi icyo gihe, kandi Abadage bari bari baratuye kuruhande rwu Rwanda. Mu gufata imyanya mu misozi ikikije, Ababiligi bashoboye kuvana abo barinzi bakoresheje imbunda ndende zakinguye inzira banyuzemo bafata ahari hasigaye hose mu gihugu. Iri sumo ryamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, kubera ko imibiri ibihumbi yatembaga munsi y’ikiraro cya Rusumo mu ariko nanone impunzi zambukiranya icyarimwe, zihungira muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo zihunge ubwo bwicanyi. Iki ni kimwe mu bibabazo byambere byasohotse mu kibazo cy’impunzi zo mu biyaga bigari. Akagera gatwara amazi mu turere twose two mu Rwanda usibye iburengerazuba bwa kure, bityo gatwara imirambo yose yari yajugunywe mu nzuzi mu gihugu hose. Ibi byatumye hamenyekana ko ibintu byihutirwa byatangajwe mu turere dukikije inkombe z'ikiyaga cya Victoria muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], aho imirambo yaje gukarabywa. == Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi == Muri 2013, [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Itsinda rya Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] ryemeje inkunga y’umushinga w’amashanyarazi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Kirehe-Rusumo-igiye-kubyazwa-amashanyarazi-angana-na-megawatts-83</ref> wo mu karere ka Kirehe ku Rusumo bakoresheje iri sumo ndetse no kubona amashanyarazi muri Tanzaniya, u Rwanda n’Uburundi. Umushinga ufite ibice bibiri: urugomero rwamashanyarazi rwa MW 80 n'imiyoboro yohereza amashanyarazi. Banki niyo itera inkunga n'ibikoresho byo korohereza umushinga w'amashanyarazi wa Rusumo. <ref>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/</ref> == Reba == #  Philip Briggs & Janice Booth (2001) Rwanda: The Bradt Travel Guide p197. Bradt Travel Guides Ltd. and The Globe Pequot Press Inc # <nowiki>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/</nowiki> dmw1mi99762ds50eqasyertbaffco1b 0 8915 75758 75757 2021-06-22T11:02:26Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Amateka[edit | edit source] */ wikitext text/x-wiki = Igicumbi cy'Intwari = Igicumbi cy'Intwari giherereye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Kikaba Gikurikiranywa n'urwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe ubutwari, imidari n'impeta byishimwe CHENO. == Amateka == Igicumbi cy'Intwari mbere cyari kigizwe nigice gishyinguwemo Intwari z'Igihugu.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/igicumbi-cyintwari-u-rwanda-rugiye-kubaka-kizuzura-mu-mezi-30/</ref> Ubu kirikubakwa mu rwego rwo gusigasira amateka y'Intwari no kwimakaza umuco w'ubutwari aho hazongerwamo Inyubako nshya izaba igize nibice b'itatu bizaba bikuyemo ubusobanuro bw'amateka y'Intwari zo mu byiciro by'Imanzi, Imena ndetse n'Ingenzi. hazaba harimo kandi ububiko bw'amashusho (Gallery) bizajya byerekwa abaje kuhasura baba amanyamahanga cyangwa abanyarwanda.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/igicumbi-cyintwari-u-rwanda-rugiye-kubaka-kizuzura-mu-mezi-30/</ref> == Aho giherereye == Igicumbi cy'Intwari giherere mu murenge wa Remera, i ruhande rwahashinguye Intwari z'igihugu. == Ibikorwa bihari == kugeza ubu ku Gicumbi cy'Intwari hari ahashyinguwe Intwari z'u Rwanda. mugihe inyubako izaba irimo byinshi ku birebana n'Intwari z'u Rwanda ikiri kubakwa.<ref>https://www.cheno.gov.rw/index.php?id=216</ref> == Reba kandi == Inzu ndangamurage [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] Gusura U Rwanda == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] mfqmum2cfxwevx6h4xkzxsqy4etw58e 0 8916 78776 78773 2021-08-27T06:33:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:An_aerial_of_Kigali_Convention_Center_on_June_19,_2019._Photo_by_Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Kigali Convention Center n'inzu nini iri mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda i Kigali iteganyirijwe kwakira inama zitandukanye ndetse n'ibirori bikomeye.]] = Kigali Convention Center = '''Kigali convention center''' nimwe munyubako ziri i [[:en:Kigali|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], ikoreshwa cyane mu kwakira inama, ibirori ndetse n'imyidagaduro. Yubatswe kandi irangira muri 2016. == Ubwubatsi n'amateka ya Kigali Convention Centre == Kigali Convention center n'imwe mu nyubako nini iri mu karere u Rwanda Ruherereyemo kuko ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu ibihumbi bitanu. yakira ibikorwa bitandukanye nk'inama, ibirori n'imyidagaduro ikaba kandi irikumwe na Hotel izwi kw'izina rya Radisson Blue Hotel. Kigali Convention Centre yatangiye kubakwa mu mwaka wa 2007 itahwa k'umugaragaro mu mwaka wa 2016 na Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda Nyakubahwa Paul Kagame.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/perezida-kagame-yafunguye-ku-mugaragaro-kigali-convention-center</ref> [[Dosiye:Kigali's_Convention_Center.jpg|thumb|Iyi nyubako izwi cyane ku izina rya Kigali Convention Center mugihe cy'umugoroba irangangwa no guhinduranya amabara yiganjemo ari mu ibendera ry'u Rwanda.]] Kigali convention centre iri ku buso bungana na metero kare ibihumbi 32, ikaba iri mu ishusho ycyo twagereranya n'igi cyangwa nanone nk'inzu y'Umwami i Nyanza mu rukari. Iyi nyubako irimo hotel y'inyenyeri eshanu ifite ibyumba 292 birimo; 201 bisanzwe, 68 byiyubashye ku buryo byakwacyira abayobozi bakomeye, bitanu biri ku rwego rwo kwakira umukuru w'igihugu nikindi kimwe cyakwakira Umwami. hari n'ibindi bitanu biteye mu buryo bwihariye kandi byisanzuye kuburyo bifite n'uruganiriro.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rambagira-inyubako-ihebuje-ya-kigali-convention-center-yavuguruwe</ref> [[Dosiye:RBT_2232.jpg|thumb|Iyi nyubako iherereye mu akarere ka Gasabo hafi n'ibiro by'inteko y'abadepite (Parliament House)]] == Ibiyiranga n'aho iherereye == Inyubako ya Kigali Convention Center iherereye kimihurura mu karere ka Gasabo mu mugi wa Kigali uvuye kukibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya Kigali bigusaba kugenda ibirometero bitanu gusa.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/isabukuru-y-imyaka-itatu-kuri-kigali-convention-centre-inyubako-y-amateka</ref> ikaba imwe mu nyubako zibereye ijisho kuri uyu mugabane wa Afurika, hotel irimo ifite piscine, ikibuga cya tenis ndetse nigikoni kigezweho cyabasha gutekera abantu ibihumbi 4000, harimo kandi na restaurent n'aho banywera hagezweho.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rambagira-inyubako-ihebuje-ya-kigali-convention-center-yavuguruwe</ref> == Inama yakiriye == Kigali Convention Centre yiteguye kandi inakira abakuru b'ibihugu mu nama y'umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe(AU), kuva mu mwaka wa 2016 imaze kwakira inama n'ibindi bikorwa birenga 853 byitabiriwe nabantu barenga 320000.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/isabukuru-y-imyaka-itatu-kuri-kigali-convention-centre-inyubako-y-amateka</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] 9g0fi8iz9v5ppwskxxccmnq0y66os0i 0 8917 78674 78673 2021-08-26T03:30:46Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ntrama Church Altar.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya ya Ntarama yahinduwe u rwibutso]] [[Dosiye:Ntarama Church Genocide Memorial - Flickr - Dave Proffer (6).jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] [[Dosiye:Ntarama Church Genocide Memorial - Flickr - Dave Proffer (4).jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama''' ni rumwe mu nzibutso ndangamurage esheshatu zibitse amateka ya jenoside mu [[Rwanda]] . Abantu barenga 5.000 biciwe hano mu cyahoze ari i kiliziya gatolika cya Ntarama. == Aho Ruherereye == Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] . Ni urugendo rw'isaha imwe mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. <ref name="al">[http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/07/20127113823416137.html Remembering Rwanda's genocide], Catherine Wambua, 1 July 2012, Al Jazeera, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> [[Dosiye:Exterior of Ntarama Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda - 02.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] [[Dosiye:Ntrama Church - Remains and clothing.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] Zaza na Sake biri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba gusa na [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Kibungo]] naho [[Nyamata]] niyo unyuramo ujya i Ntarama. Ikibuga cy'indege cya Nemba i Bugesera kiri hafi aho. <ref>[http://www.latlongwiki.com/?l=-2.1097&g=30.3744&title=Ntarama,%20Rwanda Ntarama], LatLongWiki, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Ntarama_Church_Genocide_Memorial_-_Flickr_-_Dave_Proffer_(9).jpg|thumb| Ibimenyetso byabapfiriye hano]] iyahoze ari kiliziya Gatolika ya Ntarama ubu ni urwibutso. Abantu barenga 5.000 biciweyo hano ku ya 15 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] 1994. <ref name="al">[http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/07/20127113823416137.html Remembering Rwanda's genocide], Catherine Wambua, 1 July 2012, Al Jazeera, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zikomeye mu Rwanda bibukiraho kandi rugasigasira amateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Ahandi ni Urwibutso rwa Murambi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'ahandi harimo i [[Nyamata]], [[Bisesero na Nyarubuye. <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 2 March 2015</ref> == Reba ==   * [http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside bwo mu Rwanda] *[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] *[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Urwibutso]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] davi3py1ltgv1xfpes76ietk1vwqo34 0 8918 78680 78678 2021-08-26T03:37:02Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Collines de Gishwati 1.JPG|thumb|Ishyamba rya Gishwati]] [[Dosiye:Gishwati Forest 2001.jpg|thumb|ishyamba rya Gishwati]] [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 02.jpg|thumb|ishyamba rya Gishwari]] '''Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura''' ni ishyamba riherereye mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'U [[Rwanda]], hangana na kilometero 1.200 km 2 ishyamba rya Mukura riri mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda mu karere ka Rustiro igakora no mu karere ka Ngororero, ni pariki iherereye mu ruhererekane rw'isunzu ya congo-nile . ni Rimwe mu gice cy’amashyamba y’imisozi yakomotse kuri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] agakura kugera muri Parike y’ibirunga, ubu Mukura ni agace k’ishyamba konyine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?id=88 |accessdate=2021-06-17 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122053540/https://ngororero.gov.rw/index.php?id=88 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Chèvres dans les collines de Gishwati.JPG|thumb|ishyamba rya Gishwati]] Ishyamba rya Mukura ryatangiye kubungabungwa kuva mu mwaka 1970-1990 Mukura yagizwe ishyamba rya kimeza muri 1951. Ubusanzwe yari ifite ubuso bwa hegitari 30.000. Ariko, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy' ishyamba ndetse n'urugaga rw'ibinyabuzima rwarazimiye kuburyo ubu hasigaye hegitari ha 16.000 gusa. Ibintu byinshi byatumye igabanuka, harimo ubucucike bwabaturage bagera kuri 600 kuri km 2 hamwe n’amafaranga biinjiza mu rugo angana na $ 3 / ukwezi, ibi bigatuma abaturage bakoresha ishyamba mu buryo butemewe kugirango babone imibereho n'amafaranga. ndetse na nyuma ya jenocide yakorewe abatutsi byakomeje kugaragara ko abaturage bakomeje kwangiza no kuvogera iri shyamba.<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibidukikije/item/584-pariki-z-u-rwanda</ref> == Guhindurwa Pariki == [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 01.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya Gishwati- Mukura]] Ishyamba rya mukura ryahinduwe pariki mu mwaka wa 2015 kuva icyo gihe yiswe '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Gishwati- Mukura,''' kuva icyo gihe leta nabafatanya bikorwa batangiye kuryitaho bariteramo ibiti ndetse bagira nibyo bakuramo kugirango itegurirwe kuba pariki y'igihugu. Habayeho ibikorwa byo kurisubiranya haba ku mpande zose ari kuruhande rwa Mukura no kuruhande rwa Gishwati. bateyemo amashyamba kandi basiba ahacukuwe amabuye ndetse no kwimura abaturage go bave ku mbago zaryo.<ref>https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/08/05/abimuwe-nimbibi-za-pariki-ya-gishwati-mukura-bamaze-imyaka-irindwi-nta-ngurane/</ref> muri 2016 nibwo ishyamba rya kimeza rya gishwati mukura ryahinduwe pariki y'igihugu kugirango rizunganire ubukerarugendo ndetse ryegurirwa RDB.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/nyabihu-ahahoze-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-hazagirwa-ahakorerwa-ubukerarugendo</ref> == ikigero cy'ubushyuhe == Ubushyuhe bwa buri mwaka bw’ishyamba rya Mukura ni 15 ° C. Ishyamba ryazamutse kugera ku burebure bwa metero 2600 hejuru y’inyanja, kandi ryakira 1500&nbsp;mm y'imvura buri mwaka. Iri shyamba rigira amoko y’inyoni agera kuri 163. == Reba ==   [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] e0ia8129s45yjtqg4q5mntknwrzl48w 0 8919 76630 76254 2021-07-30T09:10:47Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Uru ni urutonde rw'ibicumbi by'umurage ndangamuco mu [[Rwanda]] . == Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu mujyi wa Kigali == * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] * [[Dosiye:Richard Kandt museum.jpg|thumb|420x420px|inzu ndangamurage ya kandt]][[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|Inzu Ndangamurage ya Kandt]] * Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda * Katedrali yitiriwe Mutagatifu Mikayeli * [[Kiriziya y'umuryango mutagatifu|Kiliziya rya Sainte-Famille]] * Urwibutso rwo kurwanya ruswa * Urwibutso rw'ababiligi baharaniye amahoro * Kiliziya Gatolika ya Regina Pacis * Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda * Niyo inzu yubuhanzi * [[Stade Amahoro]] * [[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]] * Intare Conference Arena * [[Gereza ya Gikondo]] * Urwibutso rwa Gisimba * [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Fayisali Kigali]] * Inzu Ndangamurage yo kurwanya Jenoside == Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo == [[File:Monument of our lady Kabgayi.jpg|thumb|Monument of our lady Kabgayi]] * Inzu Ndangamurage y'Umwami * Inzu y'Ubugeni n'ubuhanzi bw'igihugu * Ikiraro cya Mwima * Kiliziya Gatolika ya Kristu Umwami * Inzu Ndangamurage ya Huye * Ingoro ya [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] * Cathedrale ya Bikira Mmariya w'ubwenge, Butare * Cathedrale Basilika ya Bikira Mariya == Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba == * Urutare rwa Ndaba [https://www.igihe.com/umuco/amateka/amwe-mu-mateka-y-urutare-rwa-ndaba.html] * Inzu y'imbabazi za Yezu i Ruhango (Mu rugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe) * Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya w' Ikibeho * Katedrali ya Byumba * Katedrali Gatolika ya Butare * Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rw'a Bisesero == Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba == * Utubindi twa Rubona * Urutare Rwa Ngarama * Ku kirenge cya Ruganzu * [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntara]] * [[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata|Urwibutso rwa Jenanocide rwa Nyamata]] == Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru == * Ku kirenge cya Ruganzu == Reba == <references /> # [https://www.visitrwanda.com/interests/museums-and-art-galleries/ https://www.visitrwanda.com/inyungu/umuziki-kandi-art-galleries/] # [https://www.inspirock.com/cultural-activities-in-rwanda https://www.inspirock.com/umuco-ibikorwa-muri-rwanda] # [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190538 https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/isoma/190538] # [https://www.visitrwandaguide.com/rwanda-safari/rwanda-cultural-attractions/ https://www.visitrwandaguide.com/rwanda-safari/rwanda-umuco-bikurura/] # http://www.cyangugu.anglican.org/ [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 4fr44rtskmh239ni40qwk46zpf09q6j 0 8920 76997 75736 2021-08-05T04:13:16Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Road_construction_process_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ibikorwa byo kubakwa umuhanda munini uhuza umujyi wa Kigali n' akarere ka Bugesera mu Rwanda ]] == Umuhanda mushyashya wa Ngoma-bugesera-Nyanza == Reta y' [[Rwanda|Urwanda]]<ref>[[Rwanda]]</ref> yatangije umushinga wo kubaka umuhanda muremure uva [[Kigali]] werekeza Mukarere ka ngoma<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Umuhanda-wa-kaburimbo-Ngoma-Bugesera-Nyanza-uzoroshya-ubuhahirane</ref> ndetse na bugesera kandi ugahura n'Akarere ka Nyanza , ukazafasha bikomenye abaturage bo mu karere ka Nyanza<ref>[[Akarere ka Nyanza]]</ref> muntara y' amajyepfo<ref>[[Intara y'amajyepfo]]</ref> uyu muhanda werekeza Nyanza urimo gusozwa Abanyarwanda bavugako uyumuhanda uzabafasha byinshi mubijyanye niterambere ryuturere twombi ndetse nigihugu muri Rusange. == Umushinga w'ubwubatsi == [[Dosiye:A_road_down_and_up.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza butatse imihanda yo mu Rwanda cyane irimo kubakwa ]] Uyu muhanda werekeza nyanza watewe inkunga ikomeye na leta y' Urwanda<ref>government of Rwanda [https://www.gov.rw/]</ref> kubufaranye na Minisiteri y ibikorwa remezo<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/MININFRA-yasinze-imihigo-yo-kwagura-no-kubungabunga-ibikorwa-remezo</ref> kunkunga ya leta y ubushinwa . == Amateka == Mbere y' umwaka wa 2020 ntamuha uhuza akarere ka Nyanza na Bugesera war' uhari ubundi ubajya Mumajyepfo ahoa bakunze kwita Kumayaga bakoresga umuhanda wa Kigali Nyabugogo-Muhanga yahoze ari '''Gitarama'''<ref>https://www.muhanga.gov.rw/</ref> , gusa iyo nzira yari Ndende. == Imiyoboro == 2ghbf5szrr3cdkljhbp46z18h5s77ik 0 8921 83614 82556 2022-05-16T09:44:19Z Germain92 9488 #Wiki for Human Light wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Rusumo''', , ni urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rukiri kubakwa, <ref name="1R">https://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-tanzania-burundi-start-construction-rusumo-dam/</ref> hakaba hateganijwe gushyirwaho ingufu za 80 megawatts (110,000 hp). Umushinga uzaba urimo kubaka urugomero, hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera. 90 megawatts (120,000 hp) igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibigega cyatekerejweho mbere yo hashyiraho umushinga wa MW 80 ufite ingaruka nke ku bidukikije kandi bikaba bizatwara miliyoni 300 USD. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-03-12/50441/</ref> Banki y'isi yatangaje ku ya 6 Kanama 2013 ko yemeye inguzanyo ingana na miliyoni 340 z'amadolari y'Amerika yerekeza kuri miliyoni 468.60 z'amadolari akenewe muri uyu mushinga. <ref>http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2013/08/06/world-bank-approves-rusumo-falls-hydropower-plant?cid=EXT_TWBN_D_EXT</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2013, [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] yemeje inguzanyo ya miliyoni 113 z'amadolari y'Amerika kugira ngo umushinga urangire. <ref name="African">http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2013/11/rusomo-falls-hydropower-project-receives-113-million.html</ref> <ref>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/</ref> == Aho ruherereye == Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi iri ku ruzi rwa Akagera, hafi yumupaka w'u Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] muri 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) epfo na ruguru aho ibihugu byombi bisangiye umupaka uhuriweho nu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Umushinga ugaragara ku isoko rya [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]], hafi yumujyi wa Rusumo, hafi 164.5 kilometres (102.2 mi), kumuhanda, mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. <ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kigali,+Rwanda/Rusumo+Hydroelectric+Power+Station,+Nigara+Rusomo+TZ,+JQ9M%2B2M,+Tanzania/@-2.3769373,30.7636769,13.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19dca4258ed8e797:0xf32b36a5411d0bc8!2m2!1d30.0618851!2d-1.9440727!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c4ddf386af7adb:0xc8989c859096e04!2m2!1d30.784242!2d-2.3825314!3e0</ref> Isumo rya Rusumo ni 61 kilometres (38 mi), kumuhanda, mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'icyicaro cy'intara i Kibungo, mu Karere ka Ngoma. <ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ngoma+District+Office,+Kibungo,+Rwanda/Rusumo+Hydroelectric+Power+Station,+Nigara+Rusomo+TZ,+JQ9M%2B2M,+Tanzania/@-2.2604468,30.5259619,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c4caebbba18011:0xf05df23cb1e57b6a!2m2!1d30.5547354!2d-2.1390086!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c4ddf386af7adb:0xc8989c859096e04!2m2!1d30.784242!2d-2.3825314!3e0</ref> Imirongo igereranya ya sitasiyo yamashanyarazi ni: 02 ° 22'47.0 "S, 30 ° 47'09.0" E (Ubunini: -2.379722; Uburebure: 30.785833). <ref>https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B022'47.0%22S+30%C2%B047'09.0%22E/@-2.3765764,30.8146134,7152m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.3797222!4d30.7858333</ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Imbaraga zitangwa zizagabanywa mubihugu by'u [[Burundi]], u [[Rwanda]], na [[Tanzaniya]]. Amashanyarazi azimurwa avuye mu ruganda rukora hifashishijwe imirongo ya kilovolt 220 kuri sitasiyo yohereza muri: Gitega, u Burundi, intera ya 158 kilometres (98 mi) ; Kigali, u Rwanda, intera 115 kilometres (71 mi) ; na, Nyakanazi, Tanzaniya, intera ya 98 kilometres (61 mi) . <ref>http://www.icafrica.org/fileadmin/documents/Water_Meeting_2008/presentations/Brief_Dam_Rusumo_falls_NBI_EN.pdf</ref> == Amajyambere ya vuba == Mu Gushyingo 2016, hasinywe amasezerano abiri yo kubaka sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Amasezerano ya mbere yari hagati ya Rusumo Power Company Limited hamwe na consortium yabashoramari barimo umushinga uhuriweho na CGCOC Group Limited na Jiangxi Water & Hydropower Construction Company Limited. Aya masezerano ateganya imikorere yimirimo ya leta, harimo gutanga no gushyiramo ibikoresho. <ref name="Sign">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-11-11/205253/</ref> Amasezerano ya kabiri yasinywe hagati ya Rusumo Power Company Limited n’ihuriro ry’amasosiyete, harimo Rusumo Falls Andritz Hydro GmbH yo mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] na Andritz Hydro PVT Limited yo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], kugira ngo bakore gahunda yo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi. <ref name="Sign" /> Kugeza mu Gushyingo 2016, amafaranga ateganijwe gukora muri uyu mushinga ni miliyoni 340 z'amadolari, azaterwa inkunga na Banki y'Isi. Imirongo itatu y’amashanyarazi ihanitse izavana ingufu ziteganijwe ko izatwara miliyoni 121 z'amadolari, iterwa inkunga na Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere. Biteganijwe ko imirimo yo kubaka yatangiye muri Mutarama 2017. akaba ari rumwe murugomero Rufitiye igihugu akamaro kuko rutanga amashanyarazi ahagije == Ubwubatsi == Ku ya 30 Werurwe 2017, umuhango wo gutangira wabereye i Ngara, mu karere ka Tanzaniya, witabiriwe n'abayobozi ba leta baturutse mu bihugu bitatu byunguka; abanyamuryango bose bo mu karere [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|ka Afrika yuburasirazuba]] . Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ifitwe na ''Rusumo Power Company Limited'' (RPCL), isosiyete idasanzwe y’imodoka, ifitwe n’ibihugu bitatu. Abashoramari babiri batoranijwe kumushinga. Umushinga uhuriweho na CGCOC hamwe na Jiangxi Water & Hydropower Construction Company Limited ishinzwe imirimo ya gisivili, naho ANDRITZ Hydro yo mu Budage no mubuhinde ishinzwe imirimo y'amashanyarazi. Ishami rishinzwe guhuza ibikorwa bya Nil Equatorial Lake Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP-CU), rishyira mubikorwa umushinga mu izina rya ba nyirubwite. Byari biteganijwe ko kurangiza no gutangiza ibikorwa byubucuruzi muri 2020. Imirimo yo kubaka uyu mushinga yagereranijwe kuri 35% guhera muri Gashyantare 2019, na 59% guhera muri Mutarama 2020. <ref>https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/01/rusumo-hydroelectric-power-project-in-tanzania-now-59-complete/</ref>Guhera muri Mata 2021, byari biteganijwe ko irangira mu 2022, aho kimwe mu bice bitatu bitanga amashanyarazi byari biteganijwe gutangira mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2021. <ref name="CompR">https://allafrica.com/stories/202104200296.html</ref>Kugeza muri Kamena 2021, 80 ku ijana by'imirimo yarangiye, hateganijwe ko hajyaho imirimo y'ubucuruzi mu Kuboza 2021. <ref name="CommR">https://allafrica.com/stories/202106140122.html</ref> Ubugenzuzi bwakozwe n'Umugenzuzi Mukuru w'Ibihugu bitatu , bwakozwe mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2021, bwerekanye ko amafaranga yakoreshejwe yiyongereyeho 22 ku ijana, kugeza icyo gihe muri gahunda y'akazi, hejuru y'ibyateganijwe. Icyo gihe imirimo yo kurangiza yagereranijwe kuri 81 ku ijana. Kurangiza biteganijwe mugice cya kabiri cya 2023. <ref name="AnticR">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/rusumo-power-project-delayed-by-two-years-3580334</ref> == Ibidukikije == Binyuze mubihugu bihuriye mugutegura uno mushinga uko ari bitatu aribyo [[Rwanda]], Burundi ndetse na [[Tanzaniya]] byakoze ubushakashatsi bunononsoye bagamije kureba niba uyumushinga utazabangamira ibidukikije ndetse nabaturage bahaturiye ibyo byemejwe nibyo bihugu byombi binyuze mubuganiro nabaturagebyemezwa ukandi n'Ibiro ntangaza makuru bya Banki nyafurika itsura Amajyambere.<ref>http://rusumoproject.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/Factsheet_-_KINYARWANDA.pdf</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 93g0npvbiado22075oos6eisnbhfk9y 0 8922 77009 75742 2021-08-05T05:54:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Katuna_boarder.jpg|thumb|Umupaka wa Katuna uhuza igihugu cy'u Rwanda na Uganda uciye mu Karere ka Gicumbi mu intara y'amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda ]] == umupaka wa gatuna == Umupaka wa Gatuna ni umupaka uherereye mu Karere ka [[Gicumbi]]<ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/</ref> kuruhande rwu Urwanda ni umupaka unyuraho urujya nuruza rwabantu bava mu [[Rwanda]] bajya mu Bugande ndetsenabava mu Bugande baza mu Rwanda uyu mupaka ukoreshwa cyane namamodoka manini azana ibicuruzwa murwanda bitabashije kuza mundege == ubwubatsi == Umupaka wa Gatuna wubatse mu Karere ka Gicumbi Muntara yamajyaruguru == Amateka == uyu mupaka wa Gatuna uherutse kuberaho inama yaba Perezida bombi Yoweli Kaguta Museveni wa Uganda na Paul Kagame wu Urwanda munama yo kurebera hamwe uko wakongera gukoreshwa kumpande zombi kuko wari wahagaritswe<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/48578717</ref> == Imirimo == uyu mupaka ukoreshwa cyane kubikorwa byubucuruzi bwambukiranya ibihugu byombi == Reba == ak8r5097cczieg7ojzfk8v5yi2ba1dq 0 8923 75751 75750 2021-06-21T12:23:09Z Ange Dusabe 9195 Adding category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Anti-corruption Monument.jpg|thumb|Ikiganza cy'urwibutso rwo kurwanya Ruswa mu Rwanda]] Ikirango cyo kurwanya Ruswa mu [[Rwanda]] ni ikimenyetso gikozwe nk'ikiganza cyahawe u [[Rwanda]] nyuma yo kwakira umuhango mpuzamahanga wo gutanga ibihembo ku kurwanya ruswa kwisa akaba ari abwo bwa mbere warubereye muri [[Afurika]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/Ibyo-wamenya-ku-ishusho-y-ikiganza-yubatswe-muri-Kigali-Convention-Centre</ref> == Amateka == Iki Kirango cyangwa igishushanyo cyashushanyijwe n'umunyabugeni ukomoka muri Iraq witwa Ahmed albahrani kikaba cyaragejejwe mu [[Rwanda]] ku itariki 9 ukuboza 2019 aho cyatashywe kumugaragaro na Nyakubahwa[[Paul Kagame]] perezida wa repuburika y'u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na Emir wa Quatar Sheikh Tamim bin Al-Thain ari nawe washyizeho ibi bihembo ari kumwe na nabndi banyacybahiro harimo na perezida wa [[Namibiya]] Hage Gottefried Geingob. Iki gishushanyo kigaragaza gukorera mumucyo ndetse gishushanyije kuburyo buri cyuma cyose gihagarariye igihugu cyo ku isi. Iki Kiganza rero ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko byihutirwa kuvuga oya no kurwanya icyaha cyose cyatera ruswa kuko imunga ubukungu .<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehCkVZX06w0</ref> == Aho giherereye == Iki Gishushanyo cy'Ikiganza giherereye mu busitani bwa [[Kigali Convention Centre]] kimihurura mu karere ka Gasabo ahakunzwe kwitwa Gishushu mu mugi wa [[Kigali]]. uvuye mumugi rwagati ni nkiminota 20, mu birometero mirongo ine. == Ubusobanuro == Ikiganza gifunguye gisobanura indangagaciro zo gukorera mu mucyo, aho gisobanuye ko ntacyo guhisha ku isi ahubwo ni umucyo ugaragaza ko abatsinze bose bawukoreramo muri sosiyete zose baba batuyemo ku isi. Buri mwaka mu birori byo kurwanya ruswa, hatangwa ikimenyetso nkiki cy'urwibutso kikubakwa aho iki gikorwa kiba kiri bubere. Cyatangiwe kandi mu gihugu cya Malasia, geneve ndetse no kubiro by'umuryango wabibumbye i vienne muri Australia aho uyu muhango wabereye mu nshuro eshatu zashize. Ibi birango byose bitwangwa nikigo cyo muri Quatar cyitwa (ROLACC) gikorera I Doha mu murwa mukuru.<ref>http://www.rebero.co.rw/2019/12/05/ikiganza-kiri-i-kigali-ahegereye-kigali-convention-center-cyatangaje-benshi/</ref> == Aho byakuwe == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutabera]] [[Ikiciro:Imigabane y’Isi]] jwrif7vxi4c3dfhejsxjd45fjmzwo1m 0 8924 77091 75756 2021-08-06T16:51:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Spark_Community_Meeting.jpg|thumb|Mu Rwanda abayobozi basura abaturage mu duce twose tugize igihugu mu buryo bwimikoranire myiza]] Politiki y'igihugu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage ishingiye ku cyemezo cya guverinoma y'u Rwanda cyo guha ubushobozi abaturage bacyo kugira ngo bamenye ejo hazaza habo. Iyi politiki kandi ifite ishingiro mu mategeko shingiro y’igihugu ndetse no mu ivugurura rya politiki n’ubuyobozi guverinoma imaze gushyira mu bikorwa. <ref>www.minaloc.gov.rw/1/decentralisation</ref> == Politiki yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage == Iyi politiki kandi ifite ishingiro mu mategeko shingiro y’igihugu ndetse no mu ivugurura rya politiki n’ubuyobozi guverinoma imaze gushyira mu bikorwa.Mu myaka yashize u Rwanda rwashoboye kugera ku ntera nziza yo kuzamuka mu bukungu. Guverinoma ishyira ingufu mu gushyigikira ibyiciro byinshi by'abaturage bibasirwa n'ubukene barimo abantu bakuze, ababana n'ubumuga, abana bato, ingo ziyobowe n'abagore, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse n'abasizwe inyuma mu mateka. Urubyiruko ni itsinda naryo rikeneye inkunga, urebye ingorane benshi bafite mukubona akazi kubera ubumenyi buke.<ref>www.minaloc.gov.rw</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwandan_Traditional_Dancers_19.jpg|thumb|Abaturage bo mu Rwanda bahabwa umwanya uhagije wo kwidagadurana n'abayobozi hagamije kwesa imihigo]] Kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage ni inzira yo guhererekanya ububasha, ububasha, imirimo, inshingano n'umutungo ukenewe kuva muri guverinoma nkuru mu nzego z'ibanze cyangwa mu nzego z'ubuyobozi. Muri Gicurasi 2000, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho politiki yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage n'ingamba zo kuyishyira mu bikorwa.<ref>www.minaloc.gov.rw/1/decentralisation</ref> === Incamake: === Politiki y'igihugu yo kwegereza ubuyobozi n'ubushobozi abaturage ishingiye ku cyemezo cya guverinoma y'u Rwanda cyo guha ubushobozi abaturage bacyo kugira ngo bamenye ejo hazaza habo. Iyi politiki kandi ifite ishingiro mu mategeko shingiro y’igihugu ndetse no mu ivugurura rya politiki n’ubuyobozi guverinoma imaze gushyira mu bikorwa.[edit source] Inyandiko yuzuye ya Politiki yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage irashobora gukururwa muburyo bwa pdf ukanze kumurongo uri hepfo. Igizwe n'ibice bikurikira:[edit source] Amavu n'amavuko (Kanda hano usome amateka) Ibisobanuro, icyitegererezo, ishingiro n'amahame yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage Intego za politiki yo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage Amacakubiri ya politiki n'ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika y'u Rwanda Imikorere ya guverinoma yo hagati na Akarere Inzego zemewe n'amategeko z'inzego z'ibanze n'inzego z'ubuyobozi Inkunga ya guverinoma yegerejwe abaturage [[Dosiye:President_paul_kagame_at_work_with_citizens.jpg|thumb|Perezida w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda mugikorwa rusange n'abaturage mu nkuburyo bwiza bwo kwegera abaturage.]] == Aho byakuwe == cauukn0pcwc6bp5jaruobeoowvsecvv 0 8925 77915 76106 2021-08-18T15:54:47Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Aho iherereye == [[Dosiye:Ste.-Famille Church - Genocide Site - Viewed through Trees - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|415x415px|Saint Famille Parish]] Iherereye mu kiyovu, mugi wa Kigali rwagati mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|karere ka Nyarugenge]], mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. == Amateka == Kiriziya ya Ste Famille ni paruwasi yitiriwe umuryango Mutagatifu Nazareti; ikaba yarashinzwe kuwa 21 Ugushyingo 1913 yashinzwe n'abapadiri b'umuryango w'Abamisiyoneri b'Afurika barimo; Padiri Max Theodor Franz Donders, Padiri Xavier Zumbiehl na Furere Alfred Bruder. Iyi paruwasi yashinzwe ari iya 10 mu mwaka umwe na paruwasi Rambura, ikaba yarahimbaje yubile y'imyaka 100 ku itariki ya 19 Ugushyingo 2013. Kuva paruwasi yashingwa kugeza uyu munsi, imaze kubyarira kiliziya paruwasi 12, abapadiri 23 barimo Umusenyeri 1 wa Diyoseze ya Gikongoro bari mu butumwa hirya no hino muri kiliziya hakaba harimo 5 bitabye Imana.<ref>https://eglisecatholiquerwanda.org/sainte-famille</ref> Guhera mu mwaka wa 1961 abapadiri bera basimbuwe n'abapadiri ba Diyosezi, Padiri Michel RWABIGWI akaba ariwe wabaye padiri mukuru wambere mu ba padiri ba Diyosezi. kuva Ste Famille yashingwa abafurere 9 nibo bayihawemo ubutumwa n'abapadiri 110 babiri muri bo bakaba barabaye abasenyeri. Paruwasi ya Ste Famille yagiye igira ibihe bitandukanye kandi muribyo harimo ibibi n'ibyiza muri byo twavuga nk'inzara yatewe n'intambara ya mbere niya kabiri by'isi ndetse na jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994.<ref>https://eglisecatholiquerwanda.org/sainte-famille</ref> Paruwasi ya Sainte Famille na centre National de pastorale Saint Paul ni amwe mumazu ya Kiliziya akomeye mu mugi wa Kigali akaba yarahungiwemo n'umubare munini w'abatutsi bari bizeye kurokoka bizeye kwakirwa neza n'abakozi b'Imana gusa siko byagenze kuko bagambaniwe nabo bari basanze harimo nabihaye Imana.<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1&#x5B;news&#x5D;=4276&tx_news_pi1&#x5B;controller&#x5D;=News&tx_news_pi1&#x5B;action&#x5D;=detail&cHash=051190c5c04872e4044631bb05f49d3d</ref> == Indi mishinga ya Saint Famille == [[File:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille]] Muri Kamena 2012 nibwo St Famille yatangije kubaka St Famille Hotel Ltd ahahoze amacumbi hazwi nka procure mu gikari cya kiliziya yitiriwe umuryango Mutagatifu "St Famile" ikaba ari umutungo bwite wa Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali. St Famille Hotel Ltd yatangiye gukorerwamo mu mwaka wa 2017.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kigali-kiliziya-gatolika-yujuje-hotel-ifite-agaciro-ka-miliyari-umunani</ref> [[File:Église de la Sainte-Famille.jpg|thumb|Église de la Sainte-Famille]] Sainte Famille Hotel igizwe n'ibyumba 67 biri mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ifite salle z'inama harimo na salle ishobora kwakira abantu bari hagati ya 600 na 700, ikagira izindi salle 2 ntoya zishobora kwakira abantu bari hagati ya 50 na 80, ifite kandi aho barira (restaurent) inogeye ijisho ndetse n'igikoni kiri ku rwego mpuzamahanga aho umuntu ahabwa amafunguro atetse uko abyifuza.<ref>http://caritas-cdjp-kigali.rw/index.php?informations&id=285&ca</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] du40h9rh4owro2swkdfe60k1qyq8y1e 0 8926 77837 75789 2021-08-18T00:54:58Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wiki Loves Africa RWANDA 2020 Launch event 02.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|WIKIMEDIA USER GROUP]] Is a Rwandan Wikimedian, a co-founder of the [[Planning Wikimedia User Group Rwanda|Wikimedia community user group in Rwanda]]<ref>wikimedia community user group in Rwanda </ref>. Holding a Bachelors degree of geography and environmental studies at University of Dar Es Salaam. She is interested in the creation and sharing of knowledge freely to the world. She loves leadership She aims at seeing a very active community in Rwanda. 2030 strategy salon in Rwanda in 2020 === Participated in: === * [[WikiGap 2019 Kampala|WikiGap 2019 in Rwanda]] * Organized [[Wiki Loves Monuments|Wiki Loves Monuments 2020]] in Rwanda<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_from_Wiki_Loves_Monuments_2020_in_Rwanda</ref> * [[Wiki Loves Africa 2020|Wiki Loves Africa]] 2020 in Rwanda * Organized Wikipedia Loves Folklores 2021 in Rwanda * Wikiloves Africa 2021 in Rwanda * [[WikiGap|Movement strategy 2019 in Uganda]] * Movement strategy 2020 in Rwanda * Wikipedia Loves Earth 2020 in Rwanda * [[Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos]] 2020 Rwanda === Contact === * Email: jeannetterebecca@gmail.com * Facebook :Rebecca Fillette * Instagram : Rebekah-sgm * Twitter :Rebekah19901 * [[Tel:+250785295453]] c85ei2qqwjn97r8uzt4gr9co8qla6ne 0 8927 77384 75763 2021-08-10T01:28:59Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Kwanyagakecuru Mubisi bya Huye == kwa Nyagakecuru ubu ni mu karere [[Kahuye|ka huye]] mu Ntara yamajyepfo hahoze ari muri komine [[Ngoma (Akarere)|ngoma]] ubusanzwe mukinyarwanda ibisi bisobanura uruhererekane rwimisozi itandukanye ibisi byahuye ni umusozi muremure usumba iyindi birikumwe muri ako gace ni umusozi ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2400<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2019/11/19/menya-mu-bisi-bya-huye-kwa-nyagakecuru/</ref>uyu musozi urazwi cyane mu mateka yu [[Rwanda]] kuko akenshi iyo uvuze mubisi byahuye abenshi bumva umukecuru wahabaga witwaga Beginzage<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/Hari-abaturiye-kwa-Nyagakecuru-ariko-batarahaca-iryera</ref> wari uzwi nka Nyagakecuru wari warigometse kubwami bwariho bwa ruganzu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72702/dutembere-menya-byinshi-ku-bisi-bya-huye-na-nyagakecuru-wari-72702.html#!</ref> Ndoli kuko atajyaga atanga amaturo nkabandi baturage kandi yari afite ubwirinzi bukabije kuko yarindwaga [[Dosiye:MountHuye.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|huye]] n inzoka yuruziramire<ref>https://thebridge.rw/amateka-yo-mu-bisi-bya-huye-aho-nyagakecuru-yaratuye/</ref> ndetse nurugo rwe rugoswe nibitovu kuburyo kuhinjira bitari byoroshye == Amateka == Kwanyagakecuru hazwi cyane ikibumbiro Inka ze zanyweragamo kidakama haba mumpeshyi cyangwa mwitumba [[Dosiye:UMUSOZI WA HUYE ( HUYE MOUNTAIN).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|huye]] Ibisi byahuye ni umusozi muremure bazamuka namaguru hagati yiminota 50 na 60<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2019/11/19/menya-mu-bisi-bya-huye-kwa-nyagakecuru/</ref> == Inkomoko == Uyumusozi ni umusozi muremure muyindi biteganye wambaye ishyamba ririmo ibiti byinshi bitandukanye bya kimeza ni umusozi ufite amahumbezi meza == Reba == e7bsrewsek64helcvtoxcloqhgibr8l 0 8928 75765 2021-06-22T20:11:29Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Ishyamba rya Mukura]] to [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura]]: Title written in a wrong way wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura]] m50v4bbd93zb7w0qy4c83fbq7lrdffs 0 8929 79534 79458 2021-10-20T11:29:48Z NGABOGMARS 10242 urutare rwa kamegeri wikitext text/x-wiki == Urutare rwa Kamegeri == Urutare rwa Kamegeri ruherereye muntara yamajyepfo akarere ka Ruhango umurenge wa [[Dosiye:Urutare_rwa_Kamegeri_Monument.jpg|thumb|Urutare rwa Kamegeri Monument]] Ruhango munsi yumuhanda hagati yumujyi wa [[Ruhango (Akarere)|Ruhango]] nahahoze komine Kigoma<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2018/10/15/amateka-yurutare-rwa-kamegeri-na-ndaba/</ref> Uru Rutare rwamenyekanye mu mateka yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] cyane kubera uwo mugabo Kamegeri ba rwitiriye<ref>https://www.rwandagorillatrekking.com/blog/urutare-rwa-kamegeri.html</ref> Kamegeri yari umutware wumugome kurusha abandi kuko ariwe wazanye icyo gitekerezo cyo gutwikira umuntu kurutare<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=21&L=1 |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021090642/https://www.southernprovince.gov.rw/index.php?id=21&L=1 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ruherereye mu karere ka Ruhango == Amateka == Urutare rwa Kamegeri nirwo batwikiyeho umutware Kamegeri kuko umwami yaramaze kubona neza ko Kamegeri umugome kandi umwami atarakundaga guhemuka <ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2018/10/15/amateka-yurutare-rwa-kamegeri-na-ndaba/</ref> Kamegeri yabayeho kungoma ya Mibambwe II akaba yari umwami uzwiho gukunda abaturage be cyane <ref>http://celebzmagazine.com/menya-imvano-yizina-ryurutare-rwitiriwe-kamegeri-mu-ruhango/</ref> Gisanyura yabajije abantgu igihano yahanisha kabakosheje kabona birakabije hanyuma buri muntu amuhanisha icyo hahisemo Umwami Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II yasabye abagaragu be ko bashaka igihano cyahabwa umuntu wakoze nabi bose batangira guhitamo ibihano bitandukanye aribwo umugaragu Kamegeri yagize ati mucanire [[Urutare rwa Ndaba|urutare]] rwature maze mumujugunyreho [[Umwami|umwam]]<nowiki/>i aherako ariwe abihanisha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.250events.com/ki/menya-amateka-yurutare-rwa-ka-megeri-rusurwa-na-bamucyerarugendo-batandukanye/ |accessdate=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204643/https://www.250events.com/ki/menya-amateka-yurutare-rwa-ka-megeri-rusurwa-na-bamucyerarugendo-batandukanye/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> kuko yaramenyeneza ko ari umugome<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2018/10/15/amateka-yurutare-rwa-kamegeri-na-ndaba/</ref> [[Rwanda]] == Ubukera rugendo == Urutare rwa Kamegeri ni urutare rusurwa nabatari bake bavuye mugihugu no hanze yacyo nka Uganda, [[Tanzaniya]], ndetse na Burundi kubera amateka yarwo == Reba == ardzzrclhf5t8wxb9gtt8a0ajow8u2p 0 8930 77541 75793 2021-08-12T17:28:52Z Vick karega 9857 #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urugamba rwoguhagarika Genocide.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside 1994]] Ingoro y'amateka yo guhagarika jenocide iherereye mu ngoro y'Inteko Ishinga Amatekegeko y'U [[Rwanda]], yafunguwe ku mugaragaro na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa repuburika y'U [[Rwanda]] Paul Kagame tariki 13 ukuboza 2017<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibyiza-nyaburanga/item/226-ingoro-ndangamurage-8-ukwiriye-gusura-mu-rwanda</ref>. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Heavy machine gun Monument in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imbunda yakoreshejwe mu rugambo rwo kubohora igihugu]] Iyi ngoro yubatswe mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko izwi nka Conseil National de Development, ahasanzwe hakorera abadepite ndetse naba senateri, kubera ko ari nayo yari icumbikiye ingabo za RPF  600 zo muri Batayo ya Gatatu, zikaba ariho zari ziri  kuva tariki 28 Ukuboza 1993 ubwo hari hategerejwe imyiteguro y’ishyirwaho rya guverinoma y’inzibacyuho. Aba basirikare 600 nibo bahawe amabwiriza tariki 7 Mata 1994 n’umugaba mukuru wa RPF General Major Paul Kagame, kuva aho bakajya gutabara inzirakarengane zarimo zicwa muri Jenoside. Aha ni nabwo urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside rwatangiriye.<ref>https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=73&L=01</ref> Iyi ngoro igaragaza birambuye uburyo umugambi wo guhagarika jenoside washyizwe mubikorwa na RPF nyuma yuko abasirikare b'umuryango wabibumbye bari bamaze gusiga abatutsi mu kaga aho bahigwaga n'interahamwe. == Aho Iherereye == [[Dosiye:An aerial view of new look of Rwanda Parliament Building in Kimihurura, Kigali on May 16, 2019. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ingoro y'amateka yo guhagarika jenoside mu Rwanda]] Iyi Ngoro iherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali muri metero 800 inyuma ya Kigali Convention Center ,Bikaba ari ibirometero bine uvuye ku kibuga cy'indege i Kanombe. == Ibice bigize Iyi Ngoro == Ingoro Y'amateka yo guhagarika jenoside igizwe n'ibice bitatu byingenzi biri mu byumba birenga 11 bigaragaza Intambwe ikomeye abari ingabo za RPF bateye mu guhagarika jenoside no gushakira igihugu amahoro n'abagituye.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibice-bigize-ingoro-yamateka-yurugamba-rwo-guhagarika-jenoside/</ref> === Ikiciro cya mbere === Iki gice gikubiyemo inzira y'imishyikirano y'amahoro ya Arusha. Amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya RPF na guverinoma y'U Rwanda yari ihagarariwe icyo gihe na Juvénal Habyarimana, akaba yarasinywe ku itariki 4 Kanama 1993, Arusha muri Tanzaniya. Aya masezerano akaba atarigeze ashyirwa mu bikorwa ahubwo Guverinoma yariho yahisemo kwihutisha umugambi wo gutegura jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Iyo umuntu asura iyi ngoro niki gice aheraho.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=405gvPWloa8</ref> === Ikiciro cya kabiri === Iki cyiciro gikubiyemo itangwa ry'itegeko ryo guhagarika jenoside ryatanzwe nuwari umugaba mukuru w'ingabo za RPF Paul Kagame, ngo wari ufite ipeti rya jenerali majoro icyo gihe. Iryo tegeko ku ikubitiro ryahawe ingabo 600 zari zaherekeje abanuyapolitike ba RPF- Inkotanyi bari muri CND ngo zirokorore abakorerwaga jenocide byari tariki 7 mata 1994, ryatanzwe i saa cyenda zamanywa ritangirwa ku murindi wa Byumba. Iryo tegeko ryaje no guhabwa izindi ndabo zose zari mu duce dutandukanye twigihugu ngo zirokore abatutsi bicwaga. Muri iki gice kandi habonekamo inkuta zishushanyijeho ishusho yurugamba, hari n'ifoto igaragaza uko igihugu cyari kimeze jenoside igitangira ndetse nandi menshi.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post.php/Perezida-Kagame-yatashye-Ingoro-Ndangamurage-yUrugamba-rwo-Guhagarika-Jenoside?url_title=Perezida-Kagame-yatashye-Ingoro-Ndangamurage-yUrugamba-rwo-Guhagarika-Jenoside</ref> === Ikiciro cya gatatu === Icyiciro cya gatatu cyerekana neza uko gutangira kwerekeza mu bindi bice by'igihugu nk'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba, hagati ndetse n'iburengerazuba uko byatanzwe. Aba basirikare bari bafite inshingano yo kurokora abatutsi bicwaga hirya no hino mu gihugu, gusenya ibirindiro by'umwanzi wariho ushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa jenoside ndetse no gukuraho guverinoma yarimo ishyira umugambi wa jenoside mu bikorwa no kugarura amahoro mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRIYlMBpOlQ</ref> == Ibindi wareba == [[Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Rwanda)]] [[File:A Soldier Pays tribute to follen heroes.jpg|thumb|A Soldier Pays tribute to follen heroes]] [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutabera]] b68rdj4lpu7t88vvaphqfq1jwfi3zfy 0 8931 76022 75786 2021-07-07T18:05:44Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Satellite positioning systems, real-time traffic maps, ride hailing services ,and e-commerce… all of these applications are enabled by location-based – or “geospatial” – technology and information. Geospatial technology broadly includes mapping and surveying techniques, remote sensing, photogrammetry, cartography, Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)<ref>https://www.aaas.org/programs/scientific-responsibility-human-rights-law/overview-geospatial-project</ref> With its unique ability for acquisition, integration and analysis of geographically referenced spatial information, this technology has in recent times been recognized as an effective tool for planning, management and decision making in Rwanda, across Africa and worldwide. [[Image:Survey instruments-2.png|thumb|A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics]] The major sectors using geospatial technology in [[Rwanda]] are: Land use and land management, infrastructure in roads , electrical networks and water supply systems , in environmental management etc. == Vision == The geospatial technologies are broadly included in the vision 2050 of [[Rwanda]] , The development of National land use master plans , Kigali master plan , satellites cities and secondary cities for the vision up to 2050 reflect a concentration on proper planning ahead and integrate various infrastructure projects with big ideas. One most important pillar to achieve these objectives is the innovation brought in human capital development for the capacity building for the young generation and these have to be inclusive leaving no one behind in the knowledge of geospatial technologies and its optimum use being basic or advanced skills in Geographic Information Systems especially in land use planning . With the main 4 drivers of the economy being the innovation , integration, agglomeration and competition as stipulated in the study by the ministry of finance in collaboration with the world bank. The geospatial market comprises four identifiable components – data, software, hardware and services.  Of these two segments, data and services have shown significant growth in Rwanda. The major Geographic Information System software providers are ESRI Rwanda as proprietary   and [[QGIS]] as open source Various initiatives and programs have been introduced to pave way for an assured future knowledge economy : these include the Rwanda Space Agency which was established in 2020.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/03/parliament-approves-law-establishing-rwanda-space-agency/</ref> == History == The use of geospatial technologies start back in use of national  cartography  where theodolites and other traditional means were used , from the maps delineating the country boundaries produced back in the Berlin conference which regulated the European colonization. == Policies == Geospatial technologies regulations in Rwanda are favored by the general ICT policies which have a privilege's advantage in order to advance a knowledge based economy these are reflected in the tax exemptions on the geodetic equipment and other needed infrastructure in the field. the use of accurate measurement in land survey and plots subdivision is mandatory (less than 5 cm ) based on the geodetic network which covers the whole country. Major regulations governing the promotion of the use of geospatial technologies are : National data reproduction policy<ref>https://statistics.gov.rw/file/5410/download?token=r0nXaTAv</ref> == Education == One of the pillars of the use of geospatial technologies is in the evolution from the academia , where most of the students acquired the knowledge and contributed in the promotion of these technologies in their various responsibilities across the public and private sector. *  The Centre for [[Geographic information system|Geographic Information Systems]] and Remote Sensing was created in 1999 at National University of Rwanda with the overall objective to enhance regional capacity in conservation science and related technologies and the Mission to promote teaching, research, consultancy and community service in GIS and Remote Sensing to address issues related to Environment and Natural Resources Management, Disaster Risk Management, Urban and Regional Planning towards economic transformation and [[Sustainable development|sustainable development at national]] and regional levels <ref>https://cst.ur.ac.rw/Centre-for-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-CGIS</ref>. The center played a key role in the first capacity building initiatives for [[land registration]] and applications in agriculture and health *  INES Ruhengeri has contributed in training qualified and competent surveyors and in land administration with strong knowledge and professional skills so to mitigate the challenges related to the scarcity of competent land surveyors in the labor market, and act as an outreach regional center for surveying services.<ref>https://ines.ac.rw/</ref> * Rwanda polytechnic,  [[IPRC-Kigali|IPRC Kigal]]<nowiki/>i offers  two programs which are related to Geospatial technologies: Quantity surveying and land surveying  where subjects of Measurements of Civil Engineering works, Engineering Surveying theory & practice, Workshop Practices in Quantity Surveying & Construction Technology, Property Valuation & Construction Law , Basics Topography and Surveying Equipment &Topographical Surveying , Surveying Mathematics &Surveying CAD Software's Principles of [[Quantity surveying|Quantity Surveying]] &Highway Engineering , Elementary Geodesy, Astronomy Cadastral Surveying and Mapping are though among others.  * [[University of Kigali|Independent University of Kigali]] has set up  a polytechnic wing with vocation to practically train among others professional surveyors * [[Saint Joseph's University|Saint Joseph]] Integrated Technical College, SJITC <ref>https://sjitc.ac.rw/</ref> has been very active in the vocational training of technicians in the field of surveying. Private business and associations have actively started using geospatial technologies and definitely contributing to the capacity building in the field. among them : * [[ESRI|ESRI Rwanda]] Esri has been supporting GIS projects in Rwanda since 2000, partnering with various ministries, the National University of Rwanda (NUR), and the Kigali Institute of Technology [[KIST-FM|(KIST)]]. On August 19, 2010, Esri established a local company serving the users of Esri products locally in Kigali. Since then it has been the official and only distributor for all Esri products and related services in Rwanda, [[Burundi]], and – since 2012 – the Republic of [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]].  * CHARIS UAS : [[Drone|Drone company]] in Rwanda and leader in drone services and manufacturing. provides high-quality aerial imagery and data solutions in order to support intelligent decision making that can solve some of [[Africa|Africa’s biggest challenges]]. Specializing  in understanding customer requirements, build and system integrate [[UAV|UAV sensors]], and provide drone data solutions that deliver high quality results. These include UAS consulting, UAV building and system integration, pilot and safety training, maintenance of UAVs and much more. * Associations and umbrellas of civil society have also been established, these include the Rwanda organization of land surveyors<ref>https://twitter.com/rwandaols</ref> , Rwanda association of urban planners and many more == Government services related to Geospatial technologies == * The Government of Rwanda has established a [[National Land Company|National Land Registry]] through a wide Land Tenure Regularization Program that commenced in July 2009. The Registry holds all land records encompassing land ownership information and other vital information benefiting both land owners and anyone who needs to make a commitment over a given piece of land. * The Land Information Inquiry Portal was established by [[Kinyarwanda|Rwanda Land Management]] and Use Authority to help land owners, citizens, organizations and [[Investor|investors]] to confirm land ownership, to check the land area, land use and the planned use, to verify whether a parcel has any restriction or a mortgage registered against it, if there is an ongoing transaction on the parcel * Rwanda geodetic network , a 10 sites Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) serves in the accurate land survey and infrastructure survey <ref>[https://rlma.rw/index.php?id=41&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=252&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=e27d93397f3e8bae2c67699b55d26205 https://rlma.rw/index.php]</ref> * Kigali master plan and other land use planning tools are available online and may serve in proper land acquisition <ref>http://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/</ref> == The trends of Geospatial Technologies in Rwanda == The trends in the use of geospatial technologies are in various forms , * For instance, semi-automated geospatial solutions based on earth observation, [[Urban|urban sensing]], and mobile contact-tracing coupled with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision are spreading fast and have been used in tracing in Rwanda, and notably dominate the [[COVID-19|COVID-19 analysis.]] With the increase of mobile technology and communications, handheld smartphones have democratized mapping, moving [[geospatial technology]] into the hands of every individual. * It is expected that Lidar technologies will be used in wetlands surveying in Kigali and this will complete and correct the previous surveys of wetlands which were based on observation and mapping without proper technologies to delineate these wetlands * The national statistics census is among the main users of these technologies and these will be enhanced in the upcoming 2022 national census References <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} fuql2c5dsq6nbil0ykh8442sa8tb4n3 0 8933 76108 76038 2021-07-18T10:44:12Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ikirwa cya malahide giherereye mukiyaga cya Kivu Muburengerazuba bw'[[U Rwanda|urwanda]] , iki kirwa ni kimwe mubirwa byiza [[File:An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|An aerial of Paradis Malahide island in Lake Kivu with the area of 2,700 km². Emmanuel Kwizera]] biri mukiyaga cya Kivu<ref>https://www.expertafrica.com/rwanda/lake-kivu/in-detail</ref> Iki Kirwa giherereye mucyaro gitoya cy'Urwanda ahitwa Irubona Mubirometero 7km uvuye mumugi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] kandi ikaba munkengero zikiyaga cya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]] mukarere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] . == Imiterere ==[[File:The Island, Malahide, Co. Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 377977.jpg|thumb|The Island, Malahide, Co. Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 377977]] iki kirwa gifite imiterere itangaje ifite ishusho nkiyuruziza rw' Igi kirimo ibiti byinshi bitandukanye ndetse n'[[Inyamaswa|inyamanswa]] zirimo Inyoni, zamoko atandukanye harimo n'inuma n'inyamanza<ref>https://www.expertafrica.com/rwanda/lake-kivu/paradise-malahide</ref> , iki kirwa kizengurutswe nibiti birimo ibizwi kwizina rya sipre . == Ubukerarugendo == iki [[Ikirwa cya Man|kirwa]] ni kimwe mubirwa bisurwa cyane muraka karere kibiyaga bigari ,gifite umwihariko wuko ari gitoya ariko kubea ama [[Hotel Rwanda|hotel]] yacyubatsweho atuma gisurwa cyane<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZ5DU5O45j8</ref> ,kugeza ubu hariho Hotel nziza cyane y'ibyumba 10 izwi kwizina rya paradise malahide<ref>https://www.expertafrica.com/rwanda/lake-kivu/in-detail</ref> == Amateka == [[File:Island View From The Coast Road At Malahide. - geograph.org.uk - 1223741.jpg|thumb|Island View From The Coast Road At Malahide. - geograph.org.uk - 1223741]] iki kirwa cya Malahide cyatangiye kwitabwaho kuva mumwaka wa 2011<ref>https://www.achieveglobalsafaris.com/lake-kivu/</ref> , mbere yaho harimo ibiti byiza na kabingaro gato gusa ndetse nabahasura bari bakiri bakeya cyane <ref>https://www.paradisemalahide.com/</ref>. == Reba imiyoboro == 100o7bhdue9tnlmsle5aapnttjmnsby 0 8935 77780 75805 2021-08-16T13:25:32Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urutare_rwa_ngarama.png|thumb|Urutare rwa ngarama]] == Urutare Rwa Ngarama == [[Urutare rwa Ngarama|Urutare]] rwa Ngarama ruherereye muntara yi Burasirazuba mukarere ka [[Gatsibo (Akarere)|Gatsibo]] mumurenge wa Ngarama mukagari ka Ngarama mu mudugudu wa Ibare<ref>https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/blog/urutare-rwa-ngarama.html</ref> uru Rutare ruzwi cyane mu mateka yu Rwanda == Amateka == [[Urutare rwa Ngarama]] ni urutare ruvugwaho amateka menshi atandukanye cyane ko bavugako ariho Ngarama wari umugaragu wu Mwami [[Ruganzu II Ndoli|Ruganzu]] ariho yiciye Saruhara rwa Nkomokomo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/182947</ref> == Aho ruherereye == Urutare rwa Ngarama ruherereye m' [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara|umurenge]] wa Ngarama mu Kagari ka Ibare uvuye mubyapa bya Ngarama <ref>http://thebridge.rw/urutare-ngarama-yivuganiyeho-saruhara-rwa-nkomokomo/</ref> ni hagati ya kirometero 20 == Ubukerarugendo == Urutare rwa Ngarama ni urutare rusurwa cyane kuko rukoreshwa no muburezi kuko rwigirwaho nabana bakiri bato == Reba == 86f9x74c00w4obeimg2o8pz2lpqahrn 0 8936 79447 78688 2021-09-27T17:50:37Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:View of burera.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Burera]] [[Dosiye:Lake Burera in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Burera]] [[Dosiye:Burera lake.jpg|thumb|ikiyaga cya Burera]] == Ikiyaga cya Burera na Ruhondo == [[Dosiye:Lake_burera.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya burera]] Ni Ibiyaga bakunda kwita impanga kuko kimwe usanga kimena mukindi bimwe mu butunzi kamere bwi [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara yamajyaruguru]][[File:Lac Burera.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Burera]] kuko biherereye mukarere ka Musanze na Burera ikiyaga cya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Ruhondo]] ni ikiyaga gifite ubwiza budasanzwe kuko gikikijwe nimisozi naho ikiyaga cya [[Butera Knowless (singer)|Burera]] nacyo kirohwamo numugezi wa Rugezi maze Burera nayo ikaroha muri Ruhondo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.250events.com/ki/tembera-ibiyaga-byimpanga-bya-ruhondo-na-burera-bikunzwe-na-bamukerarugendo-iyiminsi/ |accessdate=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210107/https://www.250events.com/ki/tembera-ibiyaga-byimpanga-bya-ruhondo-na-burera-bikunzwe-na-bamukerarugendo-iyiminsi/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ni ibiyaga bakunze kwita Impanga kuko kimwe kiroha mukindi bivuzengo burera imena muri Ruhondo maze ruhondo nayo igasohokamo umugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Nyabugogo|mukungwa]]. uzwiho byinshi mwiterambere ryi igihugu cyu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]][[File:Lake Ruhondo exotic.jpg|thumb|Lake Ruhondo exotic]] == Amateka == Ibi Biyaga byiza kandi bisa ndetse byegeranye kuko bitandukanywa nikirometero kimwe hagati yabyo biherereye mundiba zikirunga cya [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|muhabura]] hafi yu mupaka wu Rwanda nu [[Uganda|bugande]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://dtravela.com/blog/rw/Twin-Lakes |accessdate=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210109/https://dtravela.com/blog/rw/Twin-Lakes |deadurl=yes }}</ref> mu majyaruguru yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu Karere ka Musanze == Ubukungu == ni Ibiyaga bitanga umusaruro ku baturage bahaturiye ndetse nigihugu muri Rusange kuko habonekamo amafi yubwoko butandukanye harimo tirapia inshonzi inini ni ntoya indagara ndetse nisambaza<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Basanga-imicungire-mibi-yuburobyi-muri-Ruhondo-ari-yo-mu-ntadaro-zumusaruro-mubi</ref> == Iterambere == [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Ikiyaga cya Burera]] gisuka muri Ruhondo nkuko mwabibonye haruguru maze Ruhondo nayo igasuka mu mugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Nyabugogo|Mukungwa]] ariyo itanganga amazi namashanyarazi bikoreshwa kuri Mukungwa II <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.250events.com/ki/tembera-ibiyaga-byimpanga-bya-ruhondo-na-burera-bikunzwe-na-bamukerarugendo-iyiminsi/ |accessdate=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210107/https://www.250events.com/ki/tembera-ibiyaga-byimpanga-bya-ruhondo-na-burera-bikunzwe-na-bamukerarugendo-iyiminsi/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ubukerarugendo == Ni ibiyaga bisurwa naba mukera Rugendo kubera ubwiza bwabyo ndetse niyo ubigezeho wakirwa nakayaga keza gahuhera kubera ibirunga bihakikije bigera kuri bitanu bitandukanya URwanda, Uganda na [[Kongo|Congo Kinshasa]] == Reba imiyoboro == 9hbmmgiqsuhx1k979r1dcgrrzmcophs 0 8937 75810 2021-06-24T21:05:34Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Nyabihu District]] to [[Akarere ka Nyabihu /Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]: Language fixing wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Akarere ka Nyabihu /Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] cyeslqlht259sy3kibm594460zlyel7 0 8938 75812 2021-06-24T21:09:47Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Wildlife of Rwanda/ Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda]] to [[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda]]: Language fixing wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda]] 8twptz52vy1ninysyqvpw8akjr97blx 0 8939 75814 2021-06-24T21:12:30Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[List of cultural heritage monuments in Rwanda/ Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Rwanda]] to [[Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Rwanda]]: Title language fixing wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urutonde rw'ibicumbi ndangamurage byo mu Rwanda]] djtgj3wi9zk6i791pvfd7ienqhtu1pd 0 8940 75816 2021-06-24T21:14:29Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Our Lady of Wisdom Cathedral, Butare]] to [[Bikira Mariya w'ubwenge,Katedirale ya Butare]]: Title language fixing wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bikira Mariya w'ubwenge,Katedirale ya Butare]] 97mtaqkioomjxhc8wuv269jy1p6d391 0 8941 75818 2021-06-24T21:15:44Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Rusumo Falls/Isumo rya Rusomo]] to [[Isumo rya Rusumo]]: Title language fixing wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isumo rya Rusumo]] 1r64r76t8nmak9jv6q6pn18db7869u7 0 8942 78925 78037 2021-08-29T12:41:12Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Mu rugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe hazwi nko kwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe, n'ahantu hamenyekanye cyane kubera abahasengeraga bavugaga ko bahakiriye indwara zitandukanye, ubu hakaba habera amateraniro manini buri cyumweru cyambere cy'ukwezi. Hateranira abanyarwanda baturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu ndetse nabandi banyamahanga. [[Dosiye:Mu Rugo rwa Yezu nyirimpuhwe.png|thumb|287x287px|Mu rugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe]] == Aho ruherereye == Uru rugo ruherereye mu ntara y'amajyepfo, akarere ka Ruhango, Umuhanda wa NR 1. [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|center|thumb|320x320px|ruhango]] == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa 1992,mu mutambagiro w’umunsi mukuru w’Isakaramentu Ritagatifu. Uwo munsi,hari abarwayi bakiriye mu isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi ryabereye mu kigo nderabuzima cya Ruhango aho bari bategura isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi mu rwego rwa paruwasi. Hamwe numuryango wa "communaute ya Emmanuel" buri cyumweru cya mbere cy’ukwezi kigirwa umunsi w’isengesho ryo gusabira abarwayi no gusabira ibindi bibazo binyuranye<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ruhango-Basigaye-bizera-kwa-Yezu-Nyirimuhwe-kuruta-kwizera-kwa-muganga</ref>. Ibi byatumye Ruhango yamamara,bituma havuka n’igitekerezo cyo kuhubaka ahantu abantu bajya bahurira n’Imana kandi bakiyunga nayo. Nuko aho hantu bahita<<Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe>>. Ku italiki ya 6 Ukuboza 1998 ni bwo Musenyeri Anasitazi Mutabazi,wari umushumba wa Diyosezi ya kabgayi,yahaye umugisha urwo rugo,atanga n’uruhushya rwo gushengerera Isakaramentu Ritagatifu igihe cyose(amanywa n’ijoro)muri shapeli y’urwo rugo<ref>https://web.facebook.com/kiliziyaniishemaryacu/posts/tumenye-amateka-nibikorerwa-mu-ngoro-ya-yezu-nyirimpuhwe-ruhango-ese-ni-gute-was/1308665092527378/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref>. [[Dosiye:Ruhango.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|ruhango road]] == Reba == # https://web.facebook.com/kiliziyaniishemaryacu/posts/tumenye-amateka-nibikorerwa-mu-ngoro-ya-yezu-nyirimpuhwe-ruhango-ese-ni-gute-was/1308665092527378/?_rdc=1&_rdr # https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ruhango-Basigaye-bizera-kwa-Yezu-Nyirimuhwe-kuruta-kwizera-kwa-muganga # https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnPgHVZyVI0 # http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/umuco/imibereho/item/177-misa-y-ubunani-kwa-yezu-nyirimpuhwe-mu-ruhango mmma2nnbnhrmgbtcj5nl6zu363b4bt1 0 8943 76040 76039 2021-07-09T18:58:41Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP wikitext text/x-wiki == Ikirwa cya Mazane ==[[File:Amahoro Island in Kivu.jpg|thumb|Amahoro Island in Kivu]] Mazane ni Ikirwa giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Umurenge wa Kimisagara|Murenge wa Rweru]] ni ikirwa kivugwaho amateka menshi ameza namabi kuko bavugako iki kirwa kubera imiterere yacyo mibi nubuzima bwabahaturiye butagenda neza<ref>http://popote.rw/ikirwa-cya-mazane-ubutaka-bwaranzwe-namateka-yubwigunge/</ref> == Ubuzima == iki kirwa cya Mazane inzira zoze zijyayo ziragoye kuko ari ukunyura mumazi amashuri ivuriro nibindi nabyo usanga kubigeraho bifashisha ubwato kuko nta modoka yahagera<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abari-basigaye-ku-kirwa-cya-mazane-bagiye-kwimurwa</ref> == Reba == 2a1xtubic4mjvh20ga2wo6n0p29f9yq 0 8944 78030 76048 2021-08-20T03:07:17Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pushing up the hill.jpg|thumb|Pushing up the hill]] Umusozi wa Rebero ni umusozi umwe mu misozi iri mumujyi wa [[Kigali]] kandi ubitse byinshi mumateka yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ni umusozi uherereye mu Karere ka kicukiro kandi ukikijwe nimirenge itandukanye nka [[Umurenge wa Kigali|Gikondo]], Nyamirambo [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|Mageragere]] niyindi. uyumusozi ufite ubwiza nyaburanga butandukanye harimo amashyamba ubusitani nibindi byiza byinshyi bibereye ijisho <ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibyiza-nyaburanga/item/430-ibintu-byo-gusura-ku-musozi-wa-rebero</ref> == Ubukungu == [[Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo|Umusozi wa Rebero]] ni Umusozi ukurura ba mukerarugendo kubera ibyiza ndanga murage biwugize cyane ko ariwo musozi uriho iminara myinshi yifashishwa mwisakaza majwi ndetse namashusho<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m4yBwH--JM</ref> == Amateka == umusozi wa Rebero kandi niho Inkotanyi zanyuze mugufata umujyi wa [[Kigali]] murugamba [[Dosiye:Kigali.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|rebero view]] rwo guhagarika [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi muwi 1994<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-yihariye-y-uburyo-inkotanyi-zafashe-rebero-mu-1994-bigasaza-u-bufaransa</ref> ku itariki 11 mata == Ubuzima == umusozi wa Rebero ni umusozi mwiza ugizwe nishyamba nubusitani bwiza cyane ko ari numusozi ukorerwaho imyitozo ngorora mubiri<ref>https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=604005269751818&story_fbid=1011085559043785&_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> nabatari bake == Ibigize umusozi wa Rebero == Umusozi wa Rebero ugizwe nibyiza nyaburanga byinshi harimo ninzu ndangamurage iminara, ubusitani, amashuri, ndetse nurwibutso rwa Genocide yakorewe abatutsi<ref>https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere</ref> == Baza hano == babs5vldm4goam4ahno6zy53t6rosf4 0 8945 78655 76495 2021-08-26T03:04:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bigirumwami.jpg|thumb|366x366px|Bigirumwami Aloys]] '''Aloys Bigirumwami''' ( Yavutse ku wa 22 Ukuboza 1904 – Yitaba Imana ku wa 3 Kamena 1986) ni Musenyeri wa mbere w’umwirabura wabayeho muri Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda no mu cyahoze ari Afurika Mbiligi yari igizwe n’icyari Rwanda-Urundi na Congo Mbiligi. Yimitswe nka Musenyeri ku itariki 01 Kamena 1952. Yabaye Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo kuva mu 1959 kugeza mu 1973, nyuma yo kuba Igisonga cy’Umushumba w’iyo Diyosezi. [[Dosiye:Nyundo mission, Rwanda.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|abasiyoneri ku nyundo]] [[Dosiye:Ruanda - Diocesi di Nyundo.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Diocesi nyundo]] hqm740nag9c39h7q37m7i99yyw57qpd 0 8946 76314 75833 2021-07-22T22:31:49Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ibisi bya Huye, kuri ubu biherereye mu karere ka Huye mu ntara y’Amajyepfo, ni umusozi muremure ufite ubutumburuke bugera kuri metero 2400. Ni ahantu hateye amabengeza dore ko ugeze mu bushorishori bw’uyu musozi asanganirwa n’akayaga gahuhera ndetse n’isura nziza y’indi misozi migufi kuri uyu. Kuwuzamuka bisaba iminota iri hagati ya 50 na 60 n’amaguru. Uyu musozi wambaye ishyamba ririmo ibiti bitandukanye ibyinshi bya kimeza, ibiti byambika uyu musozi ubwiza ndetse n’amahumbezi  adasanzwe. [[Dosiye:Ibisi_bya_Huye.jpg|thumb|Ibisi bya Huye]] 8e7clg2fkuead9mm7o9tivbbklg5ain 0 8947 78838 76023 2021-08-27T17:14:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishyamba rya Arboretum I Ruhande ni Ishyamba rizwi cyane mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]], rikaba rikikije [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] Ishami rya Huye. Iri shyamya ryatewe mu 1934 ku gasozi ka Ruhande, rikaba rifatwa nk’urwibutso rukomeye rw’Ingoma y’Abakoloni mu gace ka Rwanda-Urundi.<ref>Rwanda Selects Ruhande Arboretum for Queen Elizabeth Canopy, <nowiki>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rwanda-selects-ruhande-arboretum-for-queen-elizabeth-canopy/</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya Arboretum ry'i Ruhande mu Rwanda]] ==Amateka== Amateka avuga ko mu mwaka w’1934 ari bwo ishyamba rya Arboretum ry’I Ruhande ryatewe n’abafurere bo mu muryango w’abashariti “Abafurere b’Urukundo” (soma “les frères de la Charité” mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa cyangwa “Brothers of Charity mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza) mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba mu [[Rwanda]]. Gusa hari abandi bavuga ko iri shyamba ryatewe mbere gato ahagana mu 1933.<ref>L'avis du Petit Futé sur ARBORETUM DE RUHANDE, <nowiki>https://www.petitfute.com/v45359-butare-huye/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c971-parc-jardin/154880-arboretum-de-ruhande.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref>[[File:ArboretumForest ,200 hectares forest planted located in Uni Rwanda HuyeDistrict RwandaSouth Started by the Belgians in 1934.png|thumb|ArboretumForest ,200 hectares forest planted located in Uni Rwanda HuyeDistrict RwandaSouth Started by the Belgians in 1934]] Mu mwaka wa 2018, Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] yemeje ko iri ishyamba rya Arboretum rishyirwa mu mushinga w’Umwamikazi w’u Bwongereza n’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi ry’Icyongereza ugamije kubungabunga amashyamba hirya no hino ku isi (Queen’s Commonwealth Canopy Projet) nk’uko byemejwe n’ Inama y’abaminisitiri yo ku wa 14 Gashyantare muri uwo mwaka wa 2018.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum ya Kaminuza yashyizwe mu mushinga wa Commonwealth ugamije kubungabunga amashyamba, <nowiki>http://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/arboretum-ya-kaminuza-yashyizwe-mu-mushinga-wa-commonwealth-ugamije</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 24 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Ishyamba rya Arboretum, <nowiki>http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-26-february-2018</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021</ref> Ubu,mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwita uko bikwiye kuri iri shyamba rya Arboretum, riri mu nshingano z’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu [[Rwanda]] (RAB) dore ko ari hamwe mu hafite umwihariko wo gukorerwa ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’amashyamba. Mbere y’uko iri shyamba rigirwa ahantu hakomye (protected area mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza), buri wese yabaga yemerewe kurijyamo nta nkomyi (Open access resources mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza). Minisiteri ifite ibidukikije mu nshingano, na yo yahawe Arboretum ngo iyicunge.<ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Menya byinshi kuri Arboretum ishyamba rikikije UR-Huye rimaze imyaka 86, <nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97743/menya-byinshi-kuri-arboretum-ishyamba-rikikije-ur-huye-rimaze-imyaka-86-97743.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 23 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 2.jpg|thumb]] ==Amerekezo n’ingano== Ishyamba rya Arboretum riherereye mu [[Rwanda]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], mu Murenge wa Ngoma, mu Kagari ka Butare, mu Mudugudu wa Mamba; rikaba riteye ku gasozi ka Ruhande. Rikikije Icyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda “UR”]] Ishami rya Huye).<ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, Rwanda – Butare, Garden information  <nowiki>https://tools.bgci.org/garden.php?id=1461?id=1461</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, <nowiki>https://www.africabizinfo.com/RW/arboretum-de-ruhande</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, Southern, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://vymaps.com/RW/Arboretum-de-Ruhande-2997120/</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021</ref> Iri shyamba ringana na hegitari maganabiri (200 ha) riri ku butumburuke bwa metero zigera ku gihumbi na magana arindwi (1,700 m).<ref>Arboretum de Ruhande de Butare, <nowiki>http://rw.near-place.com/arboretum-de-ruhande-butare/fr</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021</ref>  <ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 3.jpg|thumb]] ==Ibigize iri shyamba== Arboretum y’I Ruhande igizwe n’ibiti 320,000 aho 454 bifite aho inyamaswa ziba. Usibye ibiti by’ingeri zitandukanye, ishyamba rya Arboretuma rizwiho kuba ririmo [[inyamaswa]] z’ubwoko bunyuranye nk’inzoka, [[Inkima|inkende]], imparage, [[Inyoni zo mu Rwanda|inyoni]], ingugunnyi n’utundi dukoko twinshi.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Menya byinshi kuri Arboretum ishyamba rikikije UR-Huye rimaze imyaka 86, <nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97743/menya-byinshi-kuri-arboretum-ishyamba-rikikije-ur-huye-rimaze-imyaka-86-97743.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 23 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Monkey in Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.png|thumb|Mu ishyamba rya Arboretum ry'i Ruhande uhasanga amoko menshi y'inyamaswa nk'inkende]] ==Akamaro== Iri shyamba rifitiye akamaro gakomeye abarituriye kuko rizana umwuka mwiza, bamwe baritashyamo inkwi zo gutekesha. Mu rwego rw’uburezi, iri shyamba rikorerwamo ubushakashatsi butandukanye mu bijyanye n’amashyamba dore ko muri pepiniyeri y’aho ari ho higirwa ibijyanye n’amashyamba yose cyangwa ibiti biba bigomba guterwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Iri shyamba kandi rifasha abanyeshuri kwiga neza cyane cyane abifuza kwigira ahantu hatuje. Mu myidagaduro, iri shyamba rifasha abantu gukora [[Umukino|siporo]] cyane cyane iyo kwiruka. Nta wakwirengagiza kandi uruhare iri shyamba rifitiye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kuko ari icumbi rikomeye ry’inyamaswa zitandukanye. Muri Arboretum kandi ni ahantu hari amahumbezi ku buryo hafasha abifuza kuhatemberera mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo no kwinezeza.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 4.jpg|thumb|Muri Arboretum y'i Ruhande, ni mu ishyamba rishobora kwifashishwa no mu bukerarugendo ]] ==Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994== Mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] mu [[Rwanda]], ku wa 21 Mata mu ishyamba rya Arboretum kimwe no muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] habereye [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] y'indengakamere. Icyo gihe,  [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] yari izengurutswe na bariyeri zikomeye: Imwe yari ahitwa kwa Sebukangaga ku irembo rinini, indi yari ku Mukoni. [[Abatutsi]] benshi biciwe muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]], mu ishyamba rya Arborethum no ku mabariyeri yavuzwe haruguru. Hiciwe bamwe mu banyeshuri, abarimu bahigishaga, abakozi ba [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] b’[[abatutsi]] n’abandi [[Abatutsi|batutsi]] bahahungiye. Hakozwe umukwabu wihariye wo guhiga [[Abatutsi]] bihishe mu ishyamba rya Arborethum aho bakoze umurongo bagenda ikirenge ku kindi ari benshi cyane bararirangiza abihishemo barabavumbura barabica.<ref>TARIKI YA 21 MATA 1994: UKO JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI YAKOZWE HIRYA NO HINO MU GIHUGU, 21/04/2020, <nowiki>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1</nowiki>[news]=4129&tx_news_pi1[controller]=News&tx_news_pi1[action]=detail&cHash=2ee91fbe24e248bdd2ad1473d7ce80d3, Byarebwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021</ref> ==Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko== [[Category:Rwanda]] <references /> ==Reba kandi== * Inventaire des espèces forestières de l'arboretum de Ruhande, Butare/Rwanda au 30 septembre 1984, https://books.google.rw/books/about/Inventaire_des_esp%C3%A8ces_foresti%C3%A8res_de.html?id=JHskcgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * Carbon stock and fluxes in Nyungwe forest and Ruhande Arboretum in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2009, DOCTORAL THESIS, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16325781.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * Seasonal variation of litter arthropods in some Eucalyptus plantations at the Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/6744, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * MAPPING OF DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES IN RUHANDE ARBORETUM, The 5thICEED, KIGALI-RWANDA-UNILAK AUGUST, 2018 EAJST SpecialVol.8 Issue2, 2018 by JD TUYIZERE et al P15-27, https://www.unilak.ac.rw/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PAPER-JD-TUYIZEREP15-27.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * [The Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. at the arboretum of Ruhande Butare/Rwanda]. [French]  [1985], https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=RW19900099009, Byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021 * Mbakumbuze Ikidoge, Igikonari, Arboretum, Viet, Audi, kwa Gicumba no ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi, https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mbakumbuze-ikidoge-igikonari-arboretum-viet-audi-kwa-gicumba-no-ku-ijuru-rya-kamonyi, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021 * Ishyamba rya Arboretum, https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182157/http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-26-february-2018, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021 plyavu3irvpmqsca4887sng2ir59rno 0 8948 77010 77008 2021-08-05T05:54:56Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Musinga.jpg|thumb|umwami Yuhi I Musinga]] [[Dosiye:Tutsi King Kigeli in Exile (cropped).jpg|thumb|Umwami Kigeli V]] Kimwe n’ibindi bihugu, u Rwanda ni igihugu gifite amateka yacyo cyihariye ajyanye n’ibyo cyanyuzemo by’umwihariko ajyanye cyane cyane n’ingoma ya cyami yari iriho mu myaka yo hambere. Impuguke mu mateka Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditse ku mateka y’u Rwanda, bavuga ko Abami 28 aribo bayoboye u Rwanda kuva ahagana mu mwaka w’ 1091kugeza mu 1960. Amateka y’u Rwanda kandi agaragaza ko aba bami bose b’u Rwanda bakomokaga mu muryango umwe wo mu bwoko bw’Abanyiginya. [[Dosiye:RUGANZU_monument.jpg|thumb|RUGANZU Ndoli]] Bamwe mu bami babaye ibihangange ku bw’inyurabwenge rijimije ryabo ryihariye, abandi babaye indatwa ku bw’ ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu rugamba rwo kwagura igihugu no kurinda ubusugire bwacyo.[https://umubavu.com/amateka/article/Twige-amateka-yacu-tumenya-abami-28-bayoboye-u-Rwanda-kuva-1091-1960] Amateka y’u Rwanda kugira ngo ashyirwe mu nyandiko, hakoreshwaga ihererekanya bumenyi bwafatwaga mu mutwe, dore ko abanyarwanda bari abahanga mu kuvuga imivugo, ibyivugo, amahamba, ibisigo n’ibindi. Bakoreshaga ihererekanyabumenyi bafata mu mutwe. Bitewe n’uburyo bw’ishyinguranyandiko butari buriho muri ibyo bihe, amateka yagiye amenyekana cyane n’abagiye bahiga abandi cyane mu bikorwa by’indashyikirwa. Iyi akaba ariyo mpamvu nyamukuru usanga ibitabo bivuga ku mateka hari aho bidahuza. Alexis Kagame n’abandi banditsi, bakoze urutonde hagendewe ku bikorwa bikomeye byaranze ingoma ya buri mwami, igererane ry’igihe cye cyo kwima na bamwe mu bami bo mu bihugu byari bikikije u Rwanda, ibitero bikomeye byagabwe, inzara zateye, impinduka zidasanzwe mu buyobozi cyangwa mu mibereho ya Rubanda n’ibindi. Mu nyandiko zakozwe, kugeza none, hagendewe kubyo Abiru n’ibisonga by’Abami bagaragaje, Abami b’u Rwanda bakurikiranye n’imyaka bimye ingoma, mu buryo bukurikira kuva mu mwaka wa 1091 kugeza mu wa 1960: [[Dosiye:Kings_Palace_1.jpg|thumb|Kings Palace 1]] 1. Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124) 2. Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157) 3. Yuhi I Musindi (1157-1180) 4. Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213) 5. Ndoba (1213-1246) 6. Samembe (1246-1279) 7. Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312) 8. Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345) 9. Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378) 10. Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411) 11. Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444) [[Dosiye:Tchached_house.jpg|thumb|Icumbi ry'abami bahambere mu Rwanda]] 12. Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477) 13. Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510) 14. Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543) 15. Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi (1543-1576) 16. Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609) 17. Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642) 18. Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675) 19. Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708) 20. Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741) Karemera Rwaka : (Ku rutonde ntabarwa kuko yabaye umusigarira wa Ndabarasa ubwo yarwaraga amakaburo) 21. Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746) 22. Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-……?) 23. Mutara II Rwogera (1830-1853) 24. Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895) 25. Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895-1895) Yakorewe kudeta. 26. Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931) 27. Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959) [[Dosiye:Mutara_II_of_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Mutara II Rudahigwa w' u Rwanda]] 28. Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960 Bitewe nuko impuguke mu mateka zakoze ubushakashatsi ku bantu banyuranye kugirango zishyire amateka y’u Rwanda mu nyandiko, hari henshi usanga badahuza nko ku myaka ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, kuko byari ukugereranya. Akaba ariyo mpamvu bitazagutangaza uguye nko ku gitabo kinyuranya n’uru rutonde. Twibukiranye ko kandi ko umwami yagiraga ububasha bw’ikirenga mu gihugu cye. Yaricaga agakiza, akagaba akanyaga. Muri make ubuzima bw’abaturage b’igihugu cyose bwabaga buri mu maboko ye. Ikintu cyose cyabaga ari icy’umwami, inka zari iz’umwami, ubutaka bwabaga ari ubw’umwami, abagore babaga ari ab’umwami, abana babaga ari ab’umwami n’ibindi. Iteka yabaga yaciye ryabaga ari ihame ntakuka, rikubahirizwa kuva kubabyeyi kugeza kubana, abuzukuru, abuzukuruza n’ubuvivi bakabitozwa. '''Daniel MUKESHIMANA@Umubavu.com''' 1l3e1go3rh5wxur1e7mloivw21deaab 0 8949 78937 76626 2021-08-29T21:34:01Z Hasley 7653 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/41.186.78.209|41.186.78.209]] ([[User talk:41.186.78.209|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Alicedits|Alicedits]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urutare rwa nyirankoko.png|thumb|296x296px|Urutare rwa Nyirankoko]] Uru rutare rwa Nyirankoko rwitwa urw'Imitsindo, ni urutare runini ruri ahirengeye, ku buryo uruhagazeho abona [[Imisozi]] yo mu Murenge wa Mbazi n’iyo hirya yawo. == Amateka == Urutare rwiswe urwa Nyirankoko ahagana mu mwaka w’1348, ku ngoma y’umwami Kigeli Mukobanya. Muri icyo gihe ngo hariho umugaba w’ingabo bitaga Mukikira w’i [[Burundi]], yateye mu [[Rwanda]] yigarurira igice cyari hafi y’Akanyaru. Icyo gihe [[Umwami]] w’u [[Rwanda]] na we yarateye ashaka gusubirana igice cyari cyatwawe n’Abarundi ariko ntibyamuhira. Baje gushaka intsinzi bifashishije iragu ry’inkoko. Mu gushaka imitsindo y’iragu ry’inkoko bafataga imishwi itaratera bakayica imitwe, bagahuza ibihimba, bakavugiraho amagambo y’imitsindo hanyuma inkoko imwe igasigara mu ngoro y’imana, indi ikajyanwa mu gihugu bashaka gutsinda. Abanyarwanda ngo bamaze kubona inkoko izabafasha gutsinda, bashaka uko izagera mu birindiro by’Abarundi. Mukikira yarongoye umukobwa witwaga  Nyirarutenge atari azi neza gusa kuko yabonye uburanga bwe akamushima. Bagiye kuryama nijoro ngo yamuseguye ya nkoko nuko imitsindo yarimo ituma apfa. Mu gitondo Abarundi basanze umutware wabo yapfuye bica wa mukobwa kuko batekerezaga ko nta wundi yazize. Mu [[Rwanda]] naho bamenye ibyabaye bagaba ikindi gitero noneho baratsinda. Mukikira yashyinguwe ku Rutare rwa Kavumu ruri hafi y’Akanyaru, naho Nyirarutenge we ashyingurwa kuri uru rutare rw’i Tare, dore ko rwari na hafi y’aho bene wabo bari batuye. Uru rutare bashatse kurwitirira Nyirarutenge, ariko kubera ko bibukaga ko yari yatwaye imana y’inkoko barwita urwa Nyirankoko. Hafatiwe ku kuba Nyirarutenge na we yari umwegakazi, abami bimaga u [[Rwanda]] bazaga gushakira intsinzi ibatsindira abanzi kwa Nyirankoko<ref>http://celebzmagazine.com/tumenye-ibyurutare-rwa-nyirankoko-rwitwa-urwimitsindo/</ref>. == Aho ruherereye == Uru rutare ruherereye mu majyepfo, i Tare mu murenge wa Mbazi ho mu karere ka Huye<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/urutare-rwa-nyirankoko-rwitwaga-urw-imitsindo</ref>. == Reba == # http://celebzmagazine.com/tumenye-ibyurutare-rwa-nyirankoko-rwitwa-urwimitsindo/ # https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/article/urutare-rwa-nyirankoko-rwitwaga-urw-imitsindo <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] bhxn1ce0gzxtzprakux8rxb0uwhnpb8 0 8950 77949 77092 2021-08-19T11:49:25Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Heavy_machine_gun_Monument_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rw'imashini nini yakoreshejwe mu Rugamba rwo KUBOHORA IGIHUGU]] == Ubusobanuro bwa Monument == Monument ni ubwoko bw'inyubako yubatswe hagambiriwe kwizihiza umuntu cyangwa ibirori bifite icyo bivuze ku bantu runaka nk' uburyo bwo [[kwibuka]] ibihe byabo mu mateka cyangwa umurage w'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] kubera akamaro byagize mu [[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu|ubuhanzi]] bwabo, mu mateka, politiki, Tekiniki cyangwa imyubakire<ref>Caves, R. W. (2004). ''Encyclopedia of the City''. Routledge. p.&nbsp;470. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0415252256</bdi>.</ref>Zimwe muri monuments za mbere zari inyubako nini cyane za dolemns cg menhirs zubatswe kubera iyobokamana cg aho gushyingura.Ingero za monuments zirimo ibibumbano i[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|nzibutso]] z intambara , [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu z'amateka]] , ahantu hari ibisigaratongo , n'ibikorwa Iyo hari inyungu rusange mu kuzibungabunga , monument ishobora kujya ku rutonde rwa UNESCO rw'ahantu ndangamurage<ref>[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]].</ref> == Ethimology ==[[File:Ikibuye cya SHARI.jpg|thumb|Ikibuye cya SHARI]] Imvano y'ijambo "monument" riva mu kigereki mnemosynon ndetse n 'ikiratini moneo, monere, bisobanuye '[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|kwibutsa]]' 'kugira inama' cyangwa 'kuburira'<ref>https://www.thefreedictionary.com/monument</ref> Bivuze ko monument idufasha kubona ahahise bikadufasha kureba ahazaza mugihe kiri imbere<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=1P_bTHtdTwkC&redir_esc=y</ref> == Kurema n imikorere == [[File:Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI)]] Mu cyongereza ijambo "monumental" rikunda gukore‐shwa mu kwerekana ikintu gifite ubunini n'imbaraga ariko ishobora no gusobanura ikintu cyo kwibuka abapfuye cg ikindi kintu kiranga aho bashyinguye.Monuments zashinzwe imyaka ibihumbi ishize, ziraramba kandi ni ibimenyetso bya [[Umuco nyarwanda|gakondo]] za kera Prehistoric tumuli, dolmens n izindi nyubako byakozwe ku bwinshi mu mico ya prehistoire ku isi hose . Imva z abari abakire n abari abakomeye ni imwe mu isoko y amakuru n ubuhanzi bwo muri iyo mico<ref>Patton, Mark (1993) ''Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany''. Routledge, London, <nowiki>ISBN 0415067294</nowiki>, pp. 1–7</ref>. Uko abantu bagiye bagira uburyo bwo kuba organized, ni nako hagiye hubakwa monuments zigoye kuba zasenywa nka Pyramide zo mu Misiri, Greek Parthenon, the Great Wall yo mu bushinwa , Taj Mahal yo mu buhinde cyangwa Moai Easter island. Byabaye ibimenyetso bya civilizations zabo. Mu bihe bya vuba , inyubako za monuments nk ibibumbano bya liberte na Eiffel Tower byabaye ibimenyetso bya leta zigezweho. Ijambo monumentality rihuzwa n ikimenyetso no kuba hubatswe monument Ni muri urwo rwego umunya mateka w umudage [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera|Helmut Scharf]] avuga ko "monument ibaho mu buryo bufatika ikaba n ikimenyetso" nk ikimenyetso cy [[ururimi]], monument igaragaza ikintu kiriho mu buryo budasanzwe budakunze kuboneka ikagaragara nka metaphore. Igifatwa nka monument buri gihe kigendera ku cyabaye mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|mateka]] cg mu mibanire y abantu Mu byukuri , uburyo bwo gusobanura bugendera kuko icyi gihe babona ayo mateka. Uburyo bw'umuco wo kwibuka no n urwibutso rw [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] birahura cyane. Ubirebeye Mu buryo bw amateka dichotomy bw [[Dosiye:Gisozi_Rwanda_genocide_memorial_statue.jpg|thumb|Urumuri rw'ikizere ruri ku Rwibutso rw'abazize Genocide yakorewe abatutsi rwa Gisozi muri Mata 1994]] ikirimo nuko gikoze bifungura ibibazo bya linguistic ability byiyo monument. Ibi bigaragaza ko ururimi ari igice kimwe kigize monument kigaragazwa nk ikidafatika. Muri uko kubihuza , ikiganirwaho ni uburyo bw imibereho bihuza no kwibuka. Ibi ibyemeza monuments nk ikintu gifatika == Reba == 2z2afu59jbjbbm1zak5j2dyzn5ed4rb 0 8951 77100 75879 2021-08-06T18:42:37Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Ingoro y'umwami]] Inzu '''Ndangamurage ya Rukari''' , izwi kandi ku ngoro ndangamurage y’amateka ya kera y'u Rwanda, ni inzu ndangamurage yo mu [[Rwanda]] iherereye mu mujyi wa Nyanza ikaba yarashinzwe mu ngoro y'Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa|Mutara III]] . Iyi nzu ndangamurage yafunguwe mu mwaka wa 2008, ikaba ari kimwe mu bice bigize Ikigo cy’ingoro ndangamurage z’u Rwanda . == Inzu ndangamurage == [[Dosiye:NyanzaDist.png|thumb|240x240px|Aho iyi ngoro iherereye kw'ikarita y'u Rwanda, i Nyanza]] Ingoro gakondo y'Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] itanga incamake irambuye kuri gahunda ya cyami y'u Rwanda. Iyi ngoro yavuguruwe hamwe nibikoresho gakondo nkuko bigaragara mu kinyejana cya 19 ikaba ifite udusanduku dutatu. Inka z'umwami zifite amahembe maremare " Inyambo " zinjijwe mu nzu ndangamurage kubera ko ari kimwe mu bigize umuco w'u Rwanda kandi cyari kimwe mu bimenyetso by'icyubahiro cy'umwami. Hafi y’ingoro gakondo uhasanga Ingoro igezweho kuva 1931, aho Umwami Mutara yabaga kugeza apfuye mu 1959. Iyi ngoro ifite ibyumba byinshi by'imirimo itandukanye, harimo : icyumba cyo kuraramo, icyumba cyo kuriramo, akazu ko kubika ibinyobwa nibindi. Iyi ngora ihura n'indi nzu umwami yari amaze kubaka mbere gato y'urupfu rwe, ku wundi musozi. Ku musozi uturanye na Mwima, uhagaze ku mva aho Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa|Mutara wa III]], umugore we, Umwamikazi [[Rosalie Gicanda]], [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|wazize jenoside yo mu 1994]] ndetse n'Umwami [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa]] bashyinguwe . Ingoro ubwayo, aho inzu ndangamurage iherereye, yubatswe mu 1930-1933 ku musozi wa Rukari, itanga ishusho nziza ya Nyanza [[File:Ubusitani.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani]] . == Reba kandi == {{Template:Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] s3zwqfp0ixwfnptc1jwr3h7vckfku4g 0 8952 78152 75882 2021-08-22T13:07:49Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Statue_kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Statue of dancers at Kicukiro roundabout]] [[Dosiye:Sonatube_round_about,_Kigali,_Kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Igishusho c'ababyinnyi kuri Kicukiro]] Ikibumbano cya Kicukiro giherereye mu isangano ry'imihanda riri ahitwa Sonatubes, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], umujyi wa [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Kigali]]. Iki kibumbano cyashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2019. Kigaragaza abakobwa babiri n'umusore berekana [[umuco nyarwanda]]. Bose bambaye imyenda ya kinyarwanda, abakobwa barabyina naho umusore aravuza [[ingoma]]. Cyakozwe n'umunyabugeni witwa Bushayija Pascal.<ref name=":0">[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kigali-gets-new-sculpture-city-beautification-drive]</ref> == Imiterere == Ikibumbano cya Kicukiro kigamije kugaragaza umuco w' u [[Rwanda]] wo kwakira abashyitsi. Mu ibara risa n'umuringa, cyerekana abantu batatu bahagaze bakoze mpandeshatu bareba imbere. Inyuma hahagaze umukaraza (umusore uri kuvuza ingoma imwe afite imirishyo mu ntoki). Imbere ye hari abakobwa babiri bari kubyina umushayayo bambaye [[inshabure]]. Bombi bari guseka. Aho iki kibumbano giteretse ni mu ihuriro ry'imihanda. Ni ku ibaraza ritatseho imigongo hagati mu busitani bukoze nk'uruziga, buhinzemo indabyo z'amabara anyuranye. Umubyinnyi w'iburyo areba mu cyerekezo gituruka Kicukiro naho uw'ibumoso akareba i Remera. == Igisobanuro == Aho iki kibumbano giherereye ni mu isangano y' imihanda aho abantu bazajya baturuka ku [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera|kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera]], mu gihe kizaba cyuzuye, bazajya bahingukira. Gitanga ikaze kikanerekana umuco w'abanyarwanda wo kwakira abashyitsi. Abakobwa bari muri iki kibumbano barabyina [[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda|umushayayo]]. Umushayayo ni imbyino izwi cyane mu Rwanda ibyinwa cyane cyane n' igitsina gore. Iyi mbyino ishushanya ukwiyoroshya ndetse n’ubwiza bw’abanyarwandakazi dore ko ababyina baba basa n’abigana uko inka zigenda ndetse n’uko ibidukikije nk’amashyamba, ibiyaga, n’ibindi bigenda byizunguza. Ikaba ari imbyino ibyinwa mu mwanya wo guha abashyitsi ikaze.<ref>[[Imbyino gakondo za kinyarwanda#1. Umushayayo cyangwa Umushagiriro]]</ref><ref>Rwanda’s Latest Statues: a Must See Tourist Site for African Travelers - Afropolitain</ref> Umubare w'abantu batatu usobanuye ubumwe. Kuba harimo igitsina gabo n'igitsina gore bigaragaza [[Uburinganire bw'ibitsina byombi mu Rwanda|uburinganire]], by'umwihariko, kudahezwe kw' igitsinagore no guhabwa urubuga.<ref name=":0" /> == Umunyabugeni == Bushayija Pascal ni we wakoze iki kibumbano. Ni umunyabugeni uzwi mu Rwanda, akaba anashushanya akoresheje amarangi. Yavutse mu 1957 muri Gisenyi. Yize ubugeni mu ishuri rya Nyundo ry'ubugeni n'umuziki aza no kuhakora nyuma nk'umwarimu. Kugeza ubu Bushayija amaze kugaragara mu marushanwa n'amamurikagurishwa anyuranye haba mu Rwanda ndetse no hanze yarwo, akaba yarakunze kwibanda muri [[Uganda]] no mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]].<ref>[https://en.igihe.com/news/city-of-kigali-unveils-new-sculpture-at-kicukiro.html]</ref><ref>[https://www.fashionghana.com/site/rwandas-new-beautiful-statues-are-definitely-a-must-see-tourist-site-for-african-travelers/ Rwanda’s] New Beautiful Statues Are Definitely A Must See Tourist Site For African Travelers - FashionGHANA.com: 100% African Fashion</ref><ref>[https://taliarwanda.wordpress.com/2015/02/16/pascal-bushayija/#:~:text=Visual%20artist%20Pascal%20%E2%80%9CBush%E2%80%9D%20Bushayija%20is%20known%20in,of%20color%20and%20set%20within%20a%20bright%20background.]</ref> == Ibyifashishijwe == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Buildings and structures in Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] [[Ikiciro:Ubugeni]] sbq5n1ezm1ekced6nf77t1i325xkwtw 0 8953 79429 79014 2021-09-18T14:45:54Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Agathe_uwilingiyimana_-_Rwanda.png|Agathe_uwilingiyimana_-_Rwanda.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: Copyright violation, see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tutsi king Mutara.jpg|thumb|Mutara III Rudahigwa ]] [[Dosiye:Felicite niyitegeka.jpg|thumb|Niyitegeka Félicité]] '''Intwari z' u Rwanda''' [[Dosiye:Rwanda_nziza.jpg|thumb|Ubutaka bw'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Fred rwigema.jpg|thumb|Fred rwigema]] U [[Rwanda]] rwizihiza intwari nyinshi mu byiciro bitandukanye. Zimwe mu ntwari z' indongoozi zahawe umunsi wihariye zizihirizwaho, ari wo buri tariki ya kabiri y' ukwezi kwa Gashyantare (2). Mbere ya 1999, ni ukuvuga (1994-1998) uyu munsi wizihizwaga tariki ya 1 Ukwakira ugahuzwa n’umunsi wo Gukunda igihugu.<ref><nowiki>http://igicumbi.com/index.php/amateka/abantu/item/379-inzego-z-intwari-z-u-rwanda</nowiki></ref> '''Ibyiciro by' intwari''' Intwari z'u Rwanda zigabanywa mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi, hagendewe ku rugero zagaragajeho ubutwari<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ibiranga-intwari-zu-rwanda-ibyiciro-zirimo-nibishingirwaho/</ref>. Icyiciro cya mbere cyitwa Imanzi, icya kabiri Imena, naho icya gatatu kikaba Ingenzi.<ref><nowiki>https://nyagatare.gov.rw/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=71&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=f165ab41abdf966c62da0376e270faff</nowiki></ref> '''Imanzi''' Imanzi ni cyo cyiciro cy' intwari kiza ku mwanya wa mbere. Ni intwari zakoze ibikorwa by' indashyikirwa byo kwitangira igihugu kugeza aho zitanga n' ubuzima bwazo. Kugeza uyu mwanya, iki cyiciro kirimo intwari ebyiri (2) zonyine ari zo: [[Fred Rwigema|Gisa Fred Rwigema]] ndetse n' Umusirikari Utazwi. Gisa yagaragaje ubutwari mu bikorwa yakoze byo kwitangira igihugu no kunga abanyarwanda binyuze mu rugamba yatangije rwo kubohora igihugu ku ngoyi ya leta ya Habyarimana Juvenali. '''Imena''' [[Dosiye:Rwagasana_Michel.jpg|link=Special:FilePath/Rwagasana_Michel.jpg|thumb|Intwari y' Imena Rwagasana Michel]] Icyiciro cya kabiri cy' intwari z' u Rwanda ni Imena. Ni icyiciro kiyinga Imanzi, gishyirwamo abantu bakoze ibikorwa bihebuje, bakarangwa no kwitangira igihugu mu buzima bwabo bwuzuyemo ubunyangamugayo. Kuri ubu, intwari z' Imena ni: Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa Charles Leon Pierre, Rwagasana Michel, Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Niyitegeka Félicité ndetse n' Abanyeshuri b' i Nyange. Gushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'intwari z' Imena ntibisaba ko iyo ntwari iba itakiriho, bitandukanye no mu cyiciro cy' Imanzi. '''Ingenzi''' Ingenzi ni cyo cyiciro cya gatatu cy' intwari mu Rwanda, kikaba gikurikira Imena. Giteganyirizwa abantu bahize abandi mu bikorwa, mu bitekerezo no mu mibereho, bakabera abandi urugero ruhanitse rw' ubwitange no kugira akamaro gakomeye. Kugeza uyu munsi, nta ntwari yari yashyirwa muri icyi cyiciro. Haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi ku bakandida b' icyi cyiciro.<ref><nowiki>http://www.umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/amateka-y-intwari-z-u-rwanda-zitanze-zikarubera-urumuri</nowiki></ref> Intwari zose z' u Rwanda zizihizwa ku wa 1 Gashyantare buri mwaka. Uba ari umunsi w' ikiruhuko mu gihugu hose. Uyu munsi utegurwa n' Urwego rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu, Imidari n’Impeta by’Ishimwe, CHENO (Chancellery for Heroes, National Orders and Decorations of Honour).<ref name=":0"><nowiki>https://www.cheno.gov.rw/index.php?id=60&L=1</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Abanyeshuri_b'i_Nyange.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri b'i Nyange]] Kuri uyu munsi, hategurwa ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kuwizihiza kuva ku rwego rw' igihugu kugeza ku mudugudu. Muri byo haba harimo ibiganiro bigaruka ku mateka yaranze izi ntwari, kunamirwa n' Umukuru w' Igihugu ku Gicumbi cy' Intwari, ndetse n' ibikorwa by' imyidagaduro nk' amarushanwa y' imikino, ubuhanzi n' imbyino bikorwa mu bitaramo.<ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95192/amateka-nibigwi-byintwari-zu-rwanda-nibyiciro-zibarizwamo-95192.html</nowiki></ref> Ubutwari buhabwa agaciro gakomeye mu buyobozi bw' u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> Uru rwego rugenwa n' Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y' u Rwanda ryavuguruwe muri 2003. Mu iranganshingiro ry' iri tegeko haranditse ngo: "DUHAYE ICYUBAHIRO GIKWIYE abakurambere b’Intwari bitanze batizigama bahanga u Rwanda, n’Intwari zaharaniye umutekano, ubutabera, ubwisanzure, zikanagarura ituze, agaciro n’ishema by’Igihugu cyacu; DUSHINGIYE ku mahirwe dufite yo kugira Igihugu kimwe, ururimi rumwe, umuco umwe n’amateka y’igihe kirekire dusangiye bigomba gutuma tugira imyumvire imwe y’aho tugana." Mu gika cyayo cya gatatu, indirimbo y’Igihugu ''[[Rwanda Nziza]]'' na yo ishimangira Ubutwari igira iti: "Abakurambere b’Intwari bitanze batizigama, baraguhanga uvamo ubukombe, utsinda ubukoroni na mpatse ibihugu, none uraganje mu bwingenge, tubukomereho uko turi twese." Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye ku wa 09 Ukuboza 2001, yemeje Intwari 53 z’ikubitiro, izishyira mu byiciro 2 ari byo Imanzi n’Imena. Gusa mbere y' iyi nama, ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1995, hashize  amezi cumi n' arindwi gusa [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] irangiye, indi Nama y' Abaminisitiri yari yashyizeho komisiyo yo gutoranya Intwari z’Igihugu iyiha inshingano zikurikira: # Kugaragaza  ibizashingirwaho kugirango hamenyekane Intwari  z’Igihugu izo ari zo, # Gutegura umushinga w’Itegeko rigenga ibyerekeye Intwari z’Igihugu; # Gushaka umunsi ubereye kwizihizaho Intwari z’ u Rwanda. '''Impeta cyangwa imidari y’ishimwe''' Tariki ya mbere Gashyantare kandi hazirikanwa abandi bantu bahawe amashimwe n' Umukuru w'Igihugu kubera akamaro bagize mu buzima bw' igihugu.<ref><nowiki>https://rusizi.gov.rw/index.php?id=38&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=21&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=a06c269240ce0ff8d34c54fe45a1fa7a</nowiki></ref> Aya mashimwe atangwa nk' impeta cyangwa umudari. '''Gushyirwa mu Ntwari''' CHENO ni rwo rwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe gushakisha no gushyira intwari mu byiciro kuva muri 2009. Kugira ngo umuntu agirwe intwari, ashobora kubyisabira cyangwa kubisabira undi muri uru rwego. Hanyuma urwego rukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku busabe rwakiriye. CHENO na yo ubwayo ishakisha abantu baba bashobora gushirwa mu ntwari z'u Rwanda. '''Inyandiko zifashishijwe''' <references /> 3z2rpgud8osti9dbj0wglsh3jffdodv 0 8954 78424 76708 2021-08-24T22:38:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki '''<u>Amashuza n'iki?</u>''' [[File:A river in Rwanda (2044026946).jpg|thumb|A river in Rwanda (2044026946)]] Amashyuza ni amazi agaragara mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu asohoka mu butaka ashyushye, rimwe na rimwe atogota nk’inkono imaze gufata umuriro. Mu Karere ka Rubavu amashyuza aboneka mu Murenge wa Nyamyumba, akaba akunze no gusurwa n’abantu benshi. Kuba aya mashyuza akoreshwa gutya byaduteye amatsiko yo kumenya icyo impuguke mu by’ubuvuzi babivugaho kuko aya mazi afatwa nka bimwe mu byiza nyaburanga bitatse Akarere ka Rubavu ndetse n’abaturage bakayakoresha nk’ikinyobwa kidasanzwe kuko bemeza ko abavura indwara zinyuranye zirimo n’inzoka zo mu nda kandi ngo amashyuza abavura amavunane, rubagimpande n’izindi ndwara, akaba ari yo mpamvu usanga abantu b’ingeri zose bayidumbaguzamo, abandi nabo bayavoma bayajyana mu ngo, aho kuri ubu usanga bayotsamo ibiribwa nk’ibijumba, imyumbati, ibitoki byashya bakabisomeza ayo mazi ashyushye.<ref>Ese aya mazi yaba ari umuti? Ku bijyanye n’abavuga ko aya mazi avura, Kanyankore avuga ko nta muti uyarimo. Ababifata nk’ukuri ngo ni ukubera imitekerereze yabo gusa na ho ubundi nta muti uba mu mashyuza, ndetse akagira inama abaturage yo kujya bihutira kugana ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima igihe bumva batamerewe neza, aho kugira ngo bajye bashoka i kivu ngo amashyuza arabavura. Ese hari ingamba ubuyobozi buyafitiye? Aya mashyuza y’i Nyamyumba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rubavu buvuga ko buri muri gahunda yo kuyabyaza umusaruro mu rwego rwa gahunda ndende yo kunoza ubukerarugendo ku bufatanye n’Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB), abikorera n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, hanozwa neza uburyo bwo gutunganya neza agace aherereyemo, nk’uko Imvaho Nshya yabibwiwe na Nyirasafari Rusine Rachel umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho y’abaturage muri Rubavu.</ref> '''<u>Ese bivugwaho iki?</u>''' [[Dosiye:This Natural Hot Mineral Water Pool is maintained at about 95 degrees with a constant flow of approximately 125 gallons a minute (80818).jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|amashyuza]] Aganira n’ikinyamakuru Imvaho Nshya, Major Dr. Kanyankore William Umuyobozi w’Ibitaro Bikuru bya Gisenyi avuga ko n’ubwo amazi y’amashyuza agaragara neza ku jisho nta buziranenge aba afite, kuko aya mazi aba asa neza ari uko asohoka mu butaka atogota, akenshi kandi akaba ananyura mu ruvangitirane rw’amabuye mato n’umusenyi na byo ubwabyo bishobora kuyungurura amazi. Akomeza avuga ko ubwayo yirindira umutekano kuko nk’inyamaswa n’udukoko byakagombye kuyanduza biyatinya kuko aba ashyushye. Kanyankore asanga ko kuba aya mazi asa neza ku jisho bitavuze ko aba ari meza ku buryo yanyobwa kubera ko aho aturuka aba ari kumwe n’imyuka ishobora kwangiza ubuzima kuko n’ubundi amashyuza aba afitanye isano n’ibikoma by’umuriro biba mu nda y’ibirunga.<ref>Akamaro k’amashyuza ku buzima ntikavugwaho rumwe - [https://igihe.com/ubuzima/akamaro-k-amashyuza-ku-buzima-ntikavugwaho-rumwe IGIHE.com]</ref> '''<u>Ese aya mazi yaba ari umuti?</u>''' Ku bijyanye n’abavuga ko aya mazi avura, Kanyankore avuga ko nta muti uyarimo. Ababifata nk’ukuri ngo ni ukubera imitekerereze yabo gusa na ho ubundi nta muti uba mu mashyuza, ndetse akagira inama abaturage yo kujya bihutira kugana ibitaro n’ibigo nderabuzima igihe bumva batamerewe neza, aho kugira ngo bajye bashoka i kivu ngo amashyuza arabavura.<ref>Akamaro k’amashyuza ku buzima ntikavugwaho rumwe - IGIHE.com</ref> '''<u>Ese hari ingamba ubuyobozi buyafitiye?</u>''' Aya mashyuza y’i Nyamyumba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rubavu buvuga ko buri muri gahunda yo kuyabyaza umusaruro mu rwego rwa gahunda ndende yo kunoza ubukerarugendo ku bufatanye n’Ikigo gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB), abikorera n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa, hanozwa neza uburyo bwo gutunganya neza agace aherereyemo, nk’uko Imvaho Nshya yabibwiwe na Nyirasafari Rusine Rachel umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe imibereho y’abaturage muri Rubavu.<ref>Akamaro k’amashyuza ku buzima ntikavugwaho rumwe - IGIHE.com</ref> pc9l31hh8qpxedwq3lbxo31i3nzhpkd 0 8955 77115 76035 2021-08-07T09:11:14Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Ikirwa k'iwawa ==[[File:Rodriguez,Rizaljf5870 06.JPG|thumb|Rodriguez,Rizaljf5870 06]] [[Ikawa|Iwawa]] ni ikigo kimwe mubigo biri mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ngorora muco iherereye mukirwa cya Iwawa cyo mukiyaga cya kivu. mu Ntara yiburasirazuba mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]] mu [[Umurenge wa Muhima|murenge wa Boneza]] <ref>https://www.nrs.gov.rw/index.php?id=138</ref> iki kigo cyashinzwe ahagana 2010 ishyirirwaho abagabo barengeje imyaka 18 bakoze ibyaha kugirango bagororwe. ndetse bahigishiriza [[Icyugaritike|imyuga]] myinshi itandukanye nimirimo yamaboko babatoza no kureka ibiyobyabwenge nindi myitwarire idahwitse no kubasubiza mubuzima busanzwe ndetse bagatozwa no kugira uruhare mu mibereho nubukungu niterambere ry igihugu == Ubuzima == iwawa haba ibikorwa by'amadini ubumenyi bwo mumutwe [[Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda|ubuvuzi]] bwa burimuntu kugitike<ref>https://www.mtn.co.rw/insight/ababyeyi-bafite-abana-bagororerwa-iwawa-bagiye-koroherezwa-kubavugisha/</ref> ubuvuzi mumatsinda ndetse nimyitozo ngorora mubiri [sport] == Uburezi == iwawa si ikigo ngorora muco gusa kuko abahabaye bahavana ubumenyi bwinshi butandukanye [[Dosiye:Along_Lake_Kivu.jpg|thumb|235x235px|Ku kirwa cy'Iwawa hari ikigo ngororamuco gishinzwe gufasha urubyiruko rwakoronijwe n'ibiyobyabwenge gusubira m'ubuzima busanzwe ariko bakigishwa n'imyuga itandukanye.]] harimo nko kudoda, [[Ku wa Kabiri|ubwubats]]<nowiki/>i<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/editorial-iwawa-much-more-isolated-island</ref>, ububaji, i[[Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubucuruzi n’Amajyambere Arambye|koranabuhanga]] nibindi. == Ibyagezweho == hari ubuhamya bwinshi bushimishije bwabamwe mubana babaye<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Saul-to-Paul-Iwawas-drug-rehabilitation-path</ref> iwawa ndetse nababyeyi baharereye abana babo butubwira neza imyitwarire mibi bari bafite batarajya mukigo ngorora [[Umuco nyarwanda|muco]] ndetse nuburyo bitwaye nyuma yuko bahasoreje umwaka [[Ishuri|wishuri]] bagasubizwa mu [[Ubuzima|buzima]] busanzwe. == Iterambere == [[Dosiye:Amazing_Island_in_lake_Kivu.jpg|thumb|Ikirwa cy'Iwawa giherereye mu intara y'iburengerazuba ]] Leta yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yishimira cyane ko urubyiruko ruvuye iwawa ruza rwahindutse nubwo atari bose ariko hagaragara impinduka nziza numusaruro kuko bamwe baza bagashaka akazi abandi bakikorera kuko abatsinze neza banahabwa bimwe mubikoresho bibafasha kwihangira imirimo bityo bigatuma ubujura no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bigabanuka muri [[Rwanda Rwacu|sosiyeti nyarwanda]] == Reba imiyoboro == <references /> i1q9pfz20ja29u3idkrjk5igkrt2lj2 0 8956 82147 81868 2022-02-24T16:51:31Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibere rya Bigogwe.jpg|thumb|ibere rya Bigogwe]] == Ibere rya Bigogwe ==[[File:Ibere rya bigogwe as Rwanda natural and historical heritage site by turahayo.jpg|thumb|Ibere rya bigogwe as Rwanda natural and historical heritage site by turahayo]] Ibere rya [[Umurenge wa Muhima|Bigogwe]] ni umusozi muremure uherereye muntara yi iburengerazuba<ref>https://rw.geoview.info/ibere_rya_bigogwe,7605569</ref> mu Karere ka [[Rubavu]] uyu musozi ni umwe mu misozi ivugwa cyane mu mateka yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] cyane kandi uteye amatsiko kuwusura kubera ubwiza bwawo ndetse nuburyo utangaje ninkuru ziwuvugwaho cyane ko bavugako ari umwe mu misozi yaguyeho abasirikare benshi bo kubwa Habyarimana juvenal kuko ariho abakomando bakoreraga imyitozo.<ref>https://mapcarta.com/27556816</ref> == Inkomoko == abaturiye uyumusozi bavuga ko izina ibere rya [[Umurenge wa Muhima|Bigogwe]] ryavuye kumukobwa mwiza witwaga Nyirabigogwe<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/harigwa-uko-ku-ibere-rya-bigogwe-habyazwa-umusaruro-mu-bukerarugendo/</ref> wakundaga kuharagirira amatungo hanyuma bakawumwitirira.[[File:Urutare rutangaje ibere rya bigogwe.jpg|thumb|Urutare rutangaje ibere rya bigogwe]] == Amateka == nkuko mwabibonye haruguru izina ibere rya bigogwe ryaturutse ku mukobwa wari uhatuye bitaga Nyirabigogwe.sibyo gusa uyumusozi wakorerwagaho imyitozo ikomeye nabasirikare ba abakomando bo kubwa Habyarimana Juvenali<ref>http://popote.rw/amateka-yibere-rya-bigogwe-ryatikiriyeho-abasirikari-ku-bwa-habyarimana/</ref> kandi bavugako iyo babaga bari mu [[Polinesiya Nyamfaransa|myitozo]] uwahusahaga akagwa yahitaga ahasiga [[ubuzima]]. == Aho uhererey == Ibere rya Bigogwe riherereye mu karere ka [[Rubavu]] mumurenge wa Kanzenze.<ref>http://popote.rw/amateka-yibere-rya-bigogwe-ryatikiriyeho-abasirikari-ku-bwa-habyarimana/</ref> iyo uhagaze hajuru yuwo musozi uba ureba igice kimwe cya [[Kongo Kinshasa|Congo Kinshasa]] nuruhande rumwe rw' ikiyaga cya Kivu. == Ubukerarugendo == ni umusozi ubereye ijisho cyane ko iyo uwuhagazeho uba ureba hirya no hino<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/ibere-rya-bigogwe-how-influencer-uses-cultural-tourism-promote-birthplace</ref> ndetse uteye muburyo butangaje kuko uforomye nkibere nkuko bawitiriye ibere kw'ibere ryabigwogwe kandi nihamwe mu misozi irimo gusurwa cyane mugihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] kubera imirimo yuburanga isigaye ihakorerwa. == Agashya == muri iki gihe ibere rya [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Bigogwe]] hadutse cyane ubukerarugendo bushingiye k[[Umuco nyarwanda|'umuco]] aho risigaye risurwa cyane na bamukera rugendo benshi batandukanye ndetse n'ibyamamare bimwe na bimwe byo [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] no hanze yarwo hamamajwe cyane numwana w'umusore ukomoka kuruwo musozi ubwo yasozaga amashuri ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] akambika inka ingofero kubwo kuyiha agaciro kuko kwiga kwe byasabaga kugurisha zimwe munka batunze. abasura uwo musozi bigirayo byinshi bitandukanye birebana n'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco wu Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3j52hHsDTg</ref> harimo nko Gukama,gusimbuka, kurara inkera nibindi yinshi... == Rebera hano == <references /> bqtg03yxb5x8m3b575efi60876g4jeb 0 8957 79002 78163 2021-08-30T11:45:40Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Modoka logo.svg|thumb|250px|Modoka ni sosiyeti ya Interinet mu Buholandi]] [[Dosiye:Modoka_Publishing_logo.svg|thumb|Modoka ni sosiyeti ya Interinet mu Buholandi]] '''Modoka''' ni sosiyete ya interineti yo mu Buholandi yashinzwe mu 2012. <ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/modoka</ref> == Notes == <references group="Modoka ni sosiyeti ya Interineti mu Buholandi" /> [[Category:Interineti]] <references group="i" /> 80plhccbqiweaqc3cjubvamqtsxyg27 0 8958 77978 76937 2021-08-19T20:22:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ibitaro bya Gisirikare by' u [[Rwanda]], ni bimwe mu bitaro bikuru by'igihugu, aho byakira abarwayi baturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu baje kuvurwa n'inzobere zihakorera<ref>https://rwandamilitaryhospital.rw/index.php?id=23</ref>. == Aho biherereye == Ibi bitaro bihererey mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], i kanombe ku muhanda wa KK739ST. [[Dosiye:Butaro_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ibitaro bya Gisirikare biherereye i Kanombe|296x296px]] == Imikorere == Ibitaro bya gisirikare by'u [[Rwanda]] bikorera mu buryo butandukanye aho byakira kandi bikohereza abarwayi ba Gisirikare n’abasivili aho bibaye ngombwa ndetse no ku nzobere zitandukanye nka<ref>https://rwandamilitaryhospital.rw/index.php?id=23</ref>: * Ubuvuzi bw’amagufa * Ubuvuzi rusange * Ububazi bw'ubwonko n'urutirigingo, * kubyaza nibijyanye nabyo, * Ubuvuzi bw'indwara z'imbere mu mubiri, * Ubuvuzi bw'abana, * Ubuvuzi bw'indwara z'uruhu * nibindi… == Icyerekezo & Intego == Icyerekezo: kugira ubuziranenge bwuzuye kandi butanga ubuvuzi bwiza. Intego: Gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza ku baturage muri rusange n'abakozi ba gisirikare<ref>https://rwandamilitaryhospital.rw/index.php?id=23</ref>. == Reba == # https://rwandamilitaryhospital.rw/index.php?id=23 <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuvuzi mu rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 160o5506o6rhfyv804vy7r5ccic6fw9 0 8959 76235 75938 2021-07-20T23:16:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Ingoro ndangamateka yo kubohora igihugu iri ku [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ Mulindi w’Intwari] mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Akarere ka Gicumbi, Umurenge wa [[Dosiye:A_monument_depicting_RPA_fighters_manning_a_12.7mm_anti-aircraft_gun_sits_on_the_top_of_the_Campaign_Against_Genocide_Museum_in_Kigali_at_the_Rwanda_Parliament_building_on_July_2,_2019._Photo_by_Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ndangamateka y'intwari z'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Hall_of_Heroes,_Satriamandala_Museum.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ndangamurage y' intwari]] Kaniga, Akagari ka Mukindi, Umudugudu wa Nyakabungo.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> Iyi [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ Ingoro ndangamurage] yo [http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ ku Mulindi w’Intwari ifite umwihariko] irusha izindi ngoro ndangamurage hafi ya zose zo ku Isi bitangazwa.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/</ref> [[Dosiye:Aphrodisias_Museum_Apollo_and_a_royal_hero_4653.jpg|thumb|219x219px|Bimwe mu ibimenyetso biboneka mu ingoro ndangamateka y' intwali.]] Iyi ngoro [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ iherereye]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> ahari ibiro bya FPR Inkotanyi, [https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ irimo n’indaki]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> ya Perezida Paul Kagame ikoze mu nyuguti ya L, yakoreshaga mu gutanga amabwiriza igihe yari ayoboye urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu hagati yo mu 1990-1994 no guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yanifashishwaga n’abanyamuryango ba FPR Inkotanyi bungurana ibitekerezo ku ngingo zitandukanye<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref>. Mu 2018 [http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 Ingoro y’amateka y’urugamba]<ref>http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765</ref> rwo guhagarika Jenoside niyo yasuwe cyane, ikurikirwa n’Ingoro y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda i Huye, Ingoro y’Abami i Nyanza n’Ingoro y’Ubugeni n’ubuhanzi yahoze yitwa iy’[https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ abaperezida iri i Kigali.]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/</ref> [http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 Gusura Ingoro]<ref>http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765</ref> z’umurage w’u Rwanda abana n’abanyeshuri bishyura 700 Frw, abakuru bishyura 1500 Frw, abo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bishyura 3000 Frw naho abandi banyamahanga bakishyura 6000 Frw. == Reba == 1.https://rushyashya.net/ingoro-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-igiye-gutangira-kumurikirwamo-amateka-yurugamba-rwo-kubohora-igihugu/ 2.http://ibigwi.rw/spip.php?article765 3.http://imvahonshya.co.rw/icyo-ingoro-ndangamurage-yo-ku-mulindi-wintwari-irusha-izindi-ku-isi/ 4mhpdcq70r6l5ss87xmkaytlp13ag92 0 8960 78663 75955 2021-08-26T03:21:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 01.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso Rwa Bisesero]] [https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/bisesero-genocide-memorial-centre/ '''Urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Bisesero''']<ref>https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/bisesero-genocide-memorial-centre/</ref> iherereye mu munjyi wa Kibuye Mu karere ka Karongi mu Ntara y'uburasirazuba bw'U Rwanda. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero ruzwi cyane n'Abanyarwanda kubera ko barwanyije mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. [https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ Hagati y'ukwezi]<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref> <ref>https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/bisesero-genocide-memorial-centre/</ref>kwa Gicurasi na Kamena 1994 ni bwo interahamwe zaje gukora ubwicanyi bwahitanye abatutsi barenga 40.000<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref>. == Inkuru irambuye == Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 1994, [https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ abaturage baturutse] <ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref>mu mirenge ituranye baza guhungira i Bisesero. Uko ubwicanyi bwibasiye interahamwe bwagendaga bwiyongera uko bwije n'uko bukeye, abantu bakoze urugendo rw'ibirometero kugira ngo bajyane impunzi. Ubwo ubwicanyi bwatangiraga, abaturage ba Bisesero bari biteguye bihagije kurwana aho kugwa mu ntagondwa z'intagondwa. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial - Near Karongi-Kibuye - Western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibusto rwa Bisesero ]] [https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ Bitegetswe n'umusaza]<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref> umwe n'umuturage witwa Aminadabu Birara<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref>, abaturage ba Bisesero biteguye amayeri yo kurwanya umuntu wese waje gutera umudugudu wabo. Bisesero ni agace k'imisozi, abaturage bategekwa kwifata hejuru yumusozi witwa Muyira aho bashoboraga kubona abanzi babo hejuru. Gusa abarwanyi bemerewe ni abagabo n’abahungu bari bafite imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana, mu gihe abana n’abagore bitwikiriye inyuma y’umusozi umwe. Muri ako kanya intwaro ikomeye ku baturage ba Bisesero yari amabuye n'amacumu make<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref>. == Intambara ikomeye == Ku ya 13 Gicurasi, zimaze kumenya interahamwe ko abaturage ba Bisesero biteguye kurwanya - Intwaro zikomeye (Mortar 81, 82 n’intwaro nyinshi ziremereye) ziva mu mpande zose z’u Rwanda ndetse n’ingabo nyinshi zirimo abasivili b’Abahutu boherejwe i [https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ Bisesero kurangiza abaturage.]<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref> Bageze i Bisesero, [https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ abaturage barenga 4000]<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref> bari bateraniye hejuru y’umusozi wa Muyira bafite amabuye n'amacumu biteguye kwirwanaho. Mortar 81 na 82s zahanganye numusozi zirekura amasasu manini mugihe intagondwa z'interahamwe zazamutse umusozi. Muri icyo gihe, abatutsi ba Bisesero bari bazi ko bagabweho igitero - ku muntu wese wagerageje kuzamuka hejuru yateraga amabuye n'amacumu mu rwego rwo kwirwanaho<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref>. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 02.jpg|thumb|abacu bazize Jenocide]] Nubwo benshi bapfuye bake barokotse bagerageza kugeza ku ya 13 kamena igihe Abafaransa batera.<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> == Igitero cy'Abafaransa == Ku ya 27 Kamena, [[:en:Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre|Abafaransa bateye Bisesero]]<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> bavuga ko bafite umugambi wo kubungabunga umutekano no guhagarika jenoside. Bahageze bavugana numuntu Eric wahoze ari umwarimu muri kiriya gihe, yari azi igifaransa. Ibintu byari bikomeje gutera ubwoba nubwo abaturage bavuga ko aho bihishe neza bivuye mu kwihisha bashaka ubufasha bw’ingabo z’Ubufaransa. Nyuma yaho (ingabo zUbufaransa) barabihakana bavuga ko bazagaruka nyuma yiminsi itatu kugirango batabare. [[Dosiye:Bisesero Genocide Memorial Centre 03.jpg|alt=imibiri|thumb|285x285px|Imibiri ya Bazize Jenocide]] Ntibyatinze ingabo zUbufaransa zimaze kugenda, interehamwe zagarutse kurangiza ibyo zatangiye. Ku ikubitiro ubwicanyi bw'Abahutu bwakomeje ku manywa, ariko kuri iyi nshuro baza kwica amanywa n'ijoro kugira ngo barangize buri wese mbere yuko Abafaransa bagaruka nyuma y'iminsi 3. Ijoro ryo ku ya 30 Kamena Abafaransa baragarutse basanga hafi ya bose bishwe kandi wenda kimwe cya kane cyibihumbi bazima ariko bakomeretse cyane. Kugeza ubu urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero rwubatswe mu 1997 rufite inyubako eshatu zuzuye amagufwa y’abantu kandi kuri ubu hakaba hakomeje kubakwa ikibuga cy’imva aho hazashyingurwa imibiri 50-60.000.<ref>https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/</ref> == Ubu == [[:en:Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre|Iki kigo cy’urwibutso]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre</ref> ni kimwe mu bigo bitandatu bikomeye byo mu Rwanda bibuka itsembabwoko ry’abatutsi mu 1994. Abandi ni Urwibutso rwa Kigali, Urwibutso rwa Murambi n'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jenoside Ntarama n'abandi i Nyamata na Nyarubuye. == References == 1.https://www.kwibuka.rw/memorial_sites/bisesero-memorial-site/ 2.https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/bisesero-genocide-memorial-centre/ 3.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisesero_Genocide_Memorial_Centre 1j299kvnmpid9t8llo75vov356n0q9b 0 8961 77016 75976 2021-08-05T06:14:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Urutare rwo ku Mwari wa musamu == uru rutare ruherereye muntara y mu [[Akarere ka Huye|karere]] ka [[Akarere ka Ruhango|ruhango]] mu [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|murenge wa ruhango]] mu mudugudu wa mwari ruzwi cyane mumateka ya ruhango kubera inkuru <ref>https://twitter.com/rbarwanda/status/727145414437294081</ref> ziruvugwaho kuko bavugako harigitiye umukobwa hakamera uratare kandi bakahamwitirira. [[Dosiye:Rumah_Semut.jpg|thumb|Umwari wa Musamu]] == Amateka == Umwari wa musamu bavugako ari umukobwa wari ugiye gushyingirwa yagera aho kurubu bita kumwari akarigita maze aho arigitiye hakamera [[Urutare rwa Ndaba|urutare]]<ref>https://twitter.com/rbarwanda/status/727145414437294081</ref> kugeza nanubu urwo rutare ruracyahari == Ubuhamya == kugeza nanubu abahaturiye bavugako urwo rutare rukihari ruherereye mwisambu yumuturage witwa Kamonyo yozefu wimyaka 95 wemezako ibivugwa ari ukuri<ref>https://tv.dailymovieshub.com/download/x7AyJR4g4sE/umwali-wa-musamu-umukobwa-warigise-aho-arigitiye-hakamera-urutare/</ref> kuko yahasanze bimwe mu bikoresho byakera bambaraga nk' imitako yabari nabategarugori. == Ingano yarwo == uru rutare bavugako rupima metero imwe na santimetero zitzri nyinshi yubuhagarike<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7AyJR4g4sE</ref> == Rebera hano == jpddrl7vmd0ww40zmvvlbkdej1bsvsd 0 8962 81240 77913 2021-12-14T15:54:58Z Avemundi 10444 /* Aho iherereye */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_at_Kabgayi_-_Outside_Muhanga-Gitarama_-_Rwanda.jpg|right|thumb| Imbere muri Katedirali]] Mu mateka y’abaromani ba kera, Basilika yari inyubako nini za leta zifite imyubakire yihariye y’ishusho y’urukiramende, aho uruhande ruto ruteye nka kimwe cya kabiri cy’uruziga. Hari amoko abiri ya bazilika; inini n’intoya, iyi basilika rero ikaba ibarwa mu ntoya<ref>https://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/01/13/u-rwanda-rugiye-kunguka-bazilika-ya-kabiri-ikubye-inshuro-eshatu-iyi-kabgayi/</ref>. '''Katedirali Basilika ya''' Bikira Mariya ni katedirali Gatolika y’Abaroma na basilika ntoya yeguriwe Bikira Mariya. Iyi Basilika ni icyicaro cya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Diyosezi ya Kabgayi]] . == Amateka == Iyi Basilika y’i Kabgayi yahawe umugisha na Papa Jean Paul II ubwo yasuraga u [[Rwanda]] mu 1990. Iyi bazilika yaragijwe [[Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho|Bikira Mariya]] Utarasamanywe icyaha wanaragijwe diyoseze ya Kabgayi. Basilika yeguriwe Imana ku ya 22 Ukwakira 1992 <ref>[http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/data/basRW.htm GCatholic.org]</ref>. == Aho iherereye == Iyi Bazilika iherereye i Kabgayi mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], mu ntara y'amajyepfo, mu [[Rwanda]]. == Izindi Basilika zo mu Rwanda == [[File:Diocese catholique de kibungo.jpg|thumb|Diocese catholique de kibungo]] Basilika y’i Kabgayi igiye kunguka murumuna wayo izaba iyirusha ubunini igiye kuyunganira mu mateka y’ubukirisitu mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni umushinga utarashyirwa mu bikorwa, uteganya kubaka bazilika izajya yakira abantu ibihumbi 10 bicaye neza izubakwa i [[Kibeho]] mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka Nyaruguru]] ahabereye amabonekerwa y’abakobwa batatu mu 1981. Izaba ikubye hafi inshuro eshatu iy’i Kabgayi kuko ishobora kwakira abantu ibihumbi bitatu. Hateganijwe ko iyi bazilika izaba yuzuye bitarenze Ukuboza 2021. Ikaba iteganywa gutahwa mu gihe hazaba hizihizwa imyaka 40 i [[Kibeho]] habereye aya mabonekerwa. Nubwo bitaremezwa, iyi Basilika yagenewe izina rya Bazilika y’Umubyeyi wacu y’i Kibeho “Our Lady of Kibeho basilica”. == Reba  == # http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/data/basRW.htm #https://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/01/13/u-rwanda-rugiye-kunguka-bazilika-ya-kabiri-ikubye-inshuro-eshatu-iyi-kabgayi/ == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://img28.rajce.idnes.cz/d2801/14/14283/14283374_45b014183fcd2ade776333837a2bbf45/images/DSC00787.jpg Ivuka rya mosaic kuri Katedrali ya Kabgayi Basilika] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kiriziya mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukristu mu Rwanda]] o9bcetj8rpbrnu0go37k84c0gmjfe45 0 8963 79342 76232 2021-09-03T03:07:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8 wikitext text/x-wiki == Irimbi ry'abami mu Rwanda == Irimbi rya shyingurwagamo [[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|abami]] nabagabe kazi babo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ni irimbi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/menya-abami-n-abagabekazi-batabarijwe-i-rutare-muri-gicumbi-ahaberaga-igiterane</ref> ritandukanye [[Dosiye:Mount_Royal_Cemetery_Tower_2015-03-22,_03.jpg|thumb|Irimbi ry'abami]] nandi marimbi murwanda. riherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]] mu Ntara ya Amajyaruguru <ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/irimbi-ry-abami-b-u-rwanda-imva-ya-kigeli-iv-rwabugili</ref> iyo uhageze ntiwamenyako hari irimbi kuko abaturage batangiye kuhahinga no kuhatura. [[Dosiye:Aufderheide_plot,_Mount_Royal_Cemetery,_2015-03-22,_01.jpg|thumb|Irimbi ry'abami mu rwanda]] == Amateka == iri rimbi riherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|karere ka gicumbi]] mu ntara y; amajyaruguru ni irimbi ryihariye nkuko bivugwa nabahatuye. ni irimbi bashyinguragamo [[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|abami]] bose bamaze gutanga (Gupfa) ndetse abami bose bayoboye u [[Rwanda]] niho bashyinguye uretse Yuhi IV Musinga<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/amateka/article/ahahoze-irimbi-ry-abami-hagaragara-imva-ya-kigeli-iv-rwabugili-gusa</ref> waguye isyanga ubwo yahungiraga i Moba arinah yaguye. ndetse na [[Umwami|Mutara IV Rudahigwa]] washyinguwe imwima mu murenge wa busasamana mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka nyanza]] == Aho ri herereye == Irimbi ryabami riherereye mu Ntara yamajyaruguru mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]] mu [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|murenge]] [[Umurenge wa Rutunga|wa Rutare]] mu mudugudu wa Nyakavunga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://muhabura.rw/2016/11/29/gicumbi-irimbi-abami-bu-rwanda-batabarizwagamo-iyo-urigezeho-uzanga-nta-kimenyetso-kiharanga-gihari/ |accessdate=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181330/https://muhabura.rw/2016/11/29/gicumbi-irimbi-abami-bu-rwanda-batabarizwagamo-iyo-urigezeho-uzanga-nta-kimenyetso-kiharanga-gihari/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Ikiharanga == Uretse IMva ya [[Umwami|Kigeri IV Rwabugiir]] yabashije kubakirwa ikaba arinayo isigaye iharanga mbese igaragaza ko hari irimbi izindi mva zose zarasibanganye ntizikigaragara<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/irimbi-ry-abami-b-u-rwanda-imva-ya-kigeli-iv-rwabugili</ref> == Reba amakuru == kc896vddmlfxci0dt82jjcvr2b1dcrw 0 8964 78661 77543 2021-08-26T03:20:12Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Memorial to Murdered Belgian Peacekeepers - Former Camp Kigali - Kigali - Rwanda - 01 (9024653305).jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Camp Kigali rw'ababirigi bishwe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:Panorama of Building Where Belgian Peacekeepers Were Murdered - Former Camp Kigali - Kigali - Rwanda (9026806240).jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa camp Kigali ]] Urwibutso rwa [[:en:Camp_Kigali|Camp Kigali]] ruherereye mu mugi wa [[Kigali]] ahiciwe abasirikari 10 b'[[Ububirigi]] tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 igihe [[:en:Rwandan_genocide|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yari itangiye. Aba basirikari bicanywe n'uwo bari barinze ari we [[:en:Agathe_Uwilingiyimana|Uwiringiyimana Agatha]] wari Ministiri w'intebe w'u [[Rwanda]] icyo gihe. == Amateka == Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 imaze gutangira, abasirikari b'[[:en:United_Nations|umuryango w'abibumbye]] LONI ni bo bari barinze [[:en:Prime_minister|Ministiri w'intebe]] Uwiringiyimana Agatha. kwibuka. Uwari perezida w'u Rwanda [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Habyarimana Juvenal]] yari amaze [[:en:Assassination_of_Juvénal_Habyarimana_and_Cyprien_Ntaryamira|kugwa mu mpanuka y'indege]] mu ijoro ryabanje ryo ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Abasirikari bari bamurinze bari ab'Ububirigi babarizwa muri batayo ya kabiri yiswe [[:en:Flawinne|Flawinne]] - Flawinne ni agace ko mu ntara imwe y'Ububirigi yitwa [[:en:Namur|Namur]] mu gice cya [[:en:Wallonia|Wallonia]]. <ref name=":0">https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/04/resounding-memories-of-10-belgian-soldiers-killed-during-genocide-against-the-tutsi/</ref> Aba basirikare bari boherejwe n'igihugu cyabo mu butumwa bwa [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|LONI]] bwo [[:en:United_Nations_peacekeeping|kubungabunga amahoro]] mu Rwanda ([[:en:United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Rwanda|MINUAR]] - Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Assistance au Rwanda) mu 1993. Bakaba bari bari mu nshingano za Jenerali [[:en:Roméo_Dallaire|Romeo Dallaire]].<ref name=":1">https://www.safarisrwandasafari.com/infomation/camp-kigali-belgian-memorial/</ref> Bishwe mu rugamba n'ingabo zari iza leta y'icyo gihe zari zishinzwe kurinda perezida, bari kugerageza kurinda Ministiri Uwiringiyimana.<ref name=":0" /> Ingabo za leta zasanze Ministiri iwe mu rugo, abasirikari bari bamurinze zibambura intwaro hanyuma bose zikabazana kubicira muri Camp Kigali. Nyuma yo kubica, izi ngabo zabaciye ibice binyuranye by'umubiri ubundi zibajyana mu cyumba kibikwamo imirambo ku bitaro byari hafi aho.<ref name=":1" /> Nyuma yo kwicwa kw'aba basirikari, LONI n'igihugu cy'Ububirigi byahise bicyura ingabo zabyo zose zari mu Rwanda zirenga 800. Muri zo, 370 bari ababirigi.<ref name=":2">[https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSL0469900520070704 https://reuters.com/article/amp/idUSL0469900520070704] </ref><ref>https://www.irishtimes.com/news/colonel-blamed-for-the-deaths-of-10-of-his-soldiers-1.47710?mode=amp </ref> == Igisobanuro == [[File:Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial.jpg|thumb|Belgian Peacekeepers Memorial]] Camp Kigali yagizwe ku mugaragaro Urwibutso rw'aba basirikari b'Ububirigi baguye muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda ku wa 7 Mata 2000.<ref name=":1" /> [[Dosiye:Plaque Listing Names of Murdered Belgian Peacekeepers - Former Camp Kigali - Kigali - Rwanda (9026785798).jpg|thumb|Amazina y'abasirikari b'ababirigi biciwe muri Camp Kigali]] Uyu munsi, kuri uru rwibutso hubatswe inkingi icumi nk'ikimenyetso kigaragaza abasirikari icumi b'ababirigi bahiciwe. Buri nkingi ihagarariye umusirikari ndetse n'imyaka yabayeho.<ref name=":1" /> Aha kandi hari indi nyubako yakoreshejwe n'abasirikari bari barokotse barwana kugeza igihe batsindiwe n'ingabo za FAR (Forces Armees Rwandaises). Izi ngabo zamishije urufaya rw'amasasu kuri iyi nzu mu rwego rwo kumenya neza ko abarimo bapfuye. N'uyu munsi ibitobore byinshi by'aho amasasu yagwaga biragaragara. Uretse izo nkingi n'inyubako, uru rwibutso ubu rugizwe kandi n'ibyumba bibiri bikubiyemo incamake y'amateka y'izindi jenoside zabaye ku isi, yanditse mu cyongereza, igifaransa n'ikidage.<ref>Rwanda Journal: Camp Kigali</ref> == Ubutabera == Mu mwaka wa 2007, tariki ya 5 Nyakanga, uwitwa [[:en:Bernard_Ntuyahaga|Ntuyahaga Bernard]] wari majoro mu ngabo za FAR yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 25 n'urukiko rwo mu Bubirigi kubera uruhare yagize mu kwica abo basirikari 10. Gusa urukiko rwananiwe kumuhamya urupfu rwa Uwiringiyimana Agatha n'abandi basivili bo muri Butare yashinjwaga kwica. Muri uru rubanza, ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Ntuyahaga yakuye bariya basirikare mu rugo rwa Ministiri akabazanira abandi basirikari bagenzi be muri Camp Kigali, bakabakubita, bakabarasa bakanabatemagura. Ntuyahaga yari yarahanaguweho ibyaha bya [[:en:Genocide|jenoside]] n'[[:en:War_crime|iby'intambara]] mu 1999 n'[[:en:International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda|urukiko mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]].<ref name=":2" /> Umusirikari w'Ububirigi Koloneli Luc Marshall wari wungirije Gen Dallaire mu Rwanda mu 1994 yajyanwe imbere y'ubutabera bw'igihugu cye mu 1996 ashinjwa kuhereza abasirikari icumi mu mutego biciwemo. Mu ijoro perezida Habyarimana amaze gupfa, Ministiri w'intebe Uwiringiyimana Agatha yahamage Koloneli Marshall ahagana sa munani ngo amuhe umusirikari umuherekeza kuri [[:en:Radio_Télévision_Libre_des_Mille_Collines#Other_figures_of_note|radiyo Mille Colline]] gutanga ijambo ry'ituze. Ngo icyo gihe, Koloneli Marshall yategetse uwitwa Liyetona Thiery Lotin gufata abandi basirikari icyenda. Bagiye mu modoka enye bitwaje intwaro nke zoroheje. Bageze mu rugo rwa ministiri baguye mu gico cy'abarindaga perezida barabafata. Ministiri n'umugabo we bagerageje gucikira ariko bahita bafatwa barabica. Abasirikare batwawe mu mugi bamwe barakubitwa kugeza bapfuye, bake basigaye bahungira mu nzu birwanaho ariko birangira baneshejwe, baricwa.irishtimes.<ref>Camp Kigali Memorial | Kigali, Rwanda Attractions - Lonely Planet</ref> == Ibyifashishijwe == <references /> dasnj7sbsotjjfamyv4rqpb0xhxrkuw 0 8965 76407 76001 2021-07-25T13:37:12Z Ndori Steven 9916 w wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubusobanuro == [[Dosiye:NYARUGENGE_PRISON_1930.jpg|thumb|GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE ]] [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01.jpg|alt=Gereza ya 1930|center|thumb|720x720px|Iyahoze ari Gereza nkuru Ya Nyarungege]] [https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Iyo gereza ikunze kwitwa 1930]<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl</ref>, iri mu Murenge wa Muhima, Mu kagari ka Kanunga, muri Nyarugenge, ariyo gereza ya cyera kurusha izindi mu Rwanda kandi ikaba iranga imyubakire y’abakoloni mu Rwanda ([https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl architecture coloniale]<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl</ref>). == Igihe ya tangiriye n'Igihe ya funze imiryago == Iyi [http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en gereza nkuru ya Kigali]<ref>http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en</ref> yari iherereye muri karere ka Nyarungege yubatswe 1930. Iyo gereza yimuriwe i Mageragere muri Nyakanga 2018. == Ibikorwa bitega nyijwe. == ''Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa mu Rwanda ([http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ RCS]''<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/</ref>'') rwatangaje ko rugiye kumurika  igitabo ku mateka ya gereza zo mu Rwanda ‘Amateka kuri Gereza z'u Rwanda’ ndetse hatangizwe ku mugaragaro ikinyamakuru cya RCS ‘ [http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/ Gororoka Magazine’]''<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/</ref> ''kizajya gisohoka buri gihembwe, kandi kikagera ku bantu bose.''<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/hagiye-kumurikwa-igitabo-ku-mateka-ya-gereza-mu-rwanda/</ref> Ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ Umujyi wa Kigali biteganyijwe ko [http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en Gereza ya Nyarungege izagirwa ahantu Ndangamateka]<ref>http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en</ref> bivuze ko urukuta rwayo rutazasenywa. Umuyobozi ushinzwe imiturire mu [https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi Mujyi wa Kigali]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi</ref>, Eng.Mugisha Fred, yasobanuye ko ihuriro ry’abashoramari bibumbiye muri CHIC (Champion Investment Corporation), rizubaka amacumbi ku butaka bungana na hegitari 5,5 ziri [https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi mu kibanza cy’ahahahoze Gereza].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi</ref> [https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Kuyisenya cyangwa kutayisenya], byaba ari amahitamo y’abafata ibyemezo, nk’uko n’ahandi bigenda iyo hari ikimenyetso cy’amateka gikuweho, kigasigara mu nyandiko n’amafoto gusa. [https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl Njye nsanga]<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl</ref> iyi nyubako yabungabungwa, ikanegurirwa INMR kuko ariyo ishinzwe iby’umurage w’igihugu. Bikozwe bityo, INMR niyo yagena uko iyi nzu y’abagororwa n’imfungwa yitwa 1930 yavugururwa ikajya mu zindi “monuments” z’igihugu.<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl</ref> == Amateka arambuye == [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Gereza ya mbere]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> yubakiwe abanyarwanda ariko ku nyungu z’Abakoloni b’Ababiligi n’Abadage bari barateye u Rwanda imigwi. Mu 1930 ni bwo yubatswe, izina rifata ubwo itangira kuba icumbi ry’abananiranye n’abigometse. Ni yo yazanye ubundi buryo bwo guhana abahamijwe ibyaha butari bumenyerewe, butandukanye n’[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uko byakorwaga mbere mu rwa Gasabo].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> Hambere, [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Abanyarwanda bakosaga]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> barihanangirizwaga, bagatamazwa biciye mu buvanganzo nk’indirimbo n’ibindi, hari n’abacibwaga ihazabu; bikarangirira aho. Urutonde rw’abo yacumbikiye rwo ni rurerure. Ndakubwiza ukuri urebye hafi yawe aho, ukabaza mugenzi wawe arakubwira abake batatu, bisobanuye ko yakoze akazi gakomeye. Hari nk’amazina twese tuzi ya vuba cyangwa ya kera! Uhereye ku bari abayobozi bakomeye nka ba Pasiteri Bizimungu wabaye Perezida, Dr Leo Mugesera n’ubu ukiri muri gereza. Ufashe umwana ku ngufu wagombaga kumenya ko iza kuguha karibu, warya utw’abandi nabwo bikaba uko, wakwenderanya mu kabari n’ibindi... Yo nta mpuhwe yagiraga mu gihe [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video amategeko yabyemeje].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Uko ubuzima bwabaga bwifashe == Kugira ngo wumve neza [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video ubuzima bwo muri gereza]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref>, bigereranye n’ikindi gihugu. Hari umugororwa nigeze gusanga kwa muganga arambaza ati ‘inaha iwanyu mu gihugu se muraho?’.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> Kuri we, Gereza ni mu kindi gihugu gifite amategeko akigenga. Haba imirenge, imidugudu, Umuyobozi w’Akagari n’izindi nzego nk’izo. Nko muri 1930 harimo Umurenge umwe witwa PCK. Wari ufite imidugudu myinshi ifite n’amazina ameze kimwe n’ayo hanze. Hari nk’umudugudu witwa uw’Amahoro [aho Kizito yabaga].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Imyemerere ya muntu ni ikintu cy’ingenzi == Iyi gereza yari ifite [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video ahantu hihariye]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> abayisilamu basengeraga, Kiliziya Gatolika aho yari iri hateguye neza ku buryo haberaga misa mu buryo buhoraho.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Igice cyahariwe abana kirihariye == Muri 1930 [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video abana bari munsi y’imyaka 18]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref>, bafungirwaga ahantu habo hihariye. Bari abana koko! Kuko n’ubu ubona amagambo bandikaga ku nkuta bakoresheje amakara, <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref>bagacishamo bakubahuka bakahandika ibitutsi n’ibindi. Mu yo nabonye ni nk’ayanditswe n’[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uwitwa Fabrice]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> mu Cyongereza wavuze ati “Twiteguye kuba imfungwa.” Undi we yandika aho yararaga ati “Iyi ni California, Biryogo”. Birashoboka ko umubare munini w’abari muri iki gice ari abana b’i Nyamirambo kuko usomye ku nkuta, uhasanga amazina y’uduce twaho ku buryo wakeka ko ariho benshi bakomokaga. Nasekejwe n’ibyanditswe na Hafashimana wagize ati “Ugenzwa na Mambo ntakagere hano.” Amazi muri iyi gereza ntiyajyaga abura kuko umunsi ku wundi abagororwa babashaga kubona uko bakora isuku.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Iyo wa kosaga == Muri iyi gereza, [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video hari kasho yashyirwagamo abagororwa]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> barenze ku mategeko, igizwe n’uturyango duto turenze 20. Buri kamwe kabaga gafite umuryango gusa.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Imibereho y'umurwayi == M[https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video uri kasho abagororwa basurwaga na bagenzi babo], ku buryo umwe yavugaga ati ‘umuntu twari duturanye ari muri kasho’ akajya kumusura amushyiriye nk’ifunguro. Iyi gereza kandi yari ifite ibitaro biha ubutabazi bw’ibanze abarwayi, abarembye bagahabwa inyandiko ‘transfert’ zibohereza mu bitaro byo hanze. Uwajyaga kwivuza arembye yashoboraga kurara mu bitaro bya gereza, afite n’umurwaza.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Igice cy’abagororwa mpuzamahanga kiruta inzu za benshi mu bwiza == Muri 1930 harimo igice cyafungirwagamo [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video abagororwa mpuzamahanga]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> babaga barazanywe mu Rwanda bavanywe mu bindi bihugu. Urugero ni nk’urwa Dr Leo Mugesera. Aho yari afungiye, Mugisha asobanura neza ko yajyaga ahajya agiye nko gukora amashanyarazi mu gihe hari ibibazo by’umuriro. Buri mugororwa muri iki gice, yabaga mu cyumba kinini cya wenyine. Kirimo uburiri bwiza, ameza n’intebe ku buryo agira icyo umuntu yakwita ibiro. Mu gihe abandi barebaga televiziyo muri rusange we yayirebaga uko ashatse kuko yabaga ayigengaho. Icyo cyumba cyabaga gisa neza, kirimo amakaro, gifite ubwiherero bugezweho, internet, amazi n’ibindi byose nkenerwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Icyifuzo == [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video Ku muntu utarafungiwe muri 1930], nasoza mwifuriza kutazajya n’i Mageragere. Ku wagezeyo nawe, ntazasubireyo n’abari yo mbibifurije kugororoka vuba.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video</ref> == Reba == 1.https://ar.umuseke.rw/sinifuza-ko-gereza-1930-iri-ku-rutonde-rwumurage-ndangamateka-yasenywa.hmtl 2.http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en 3.https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/article/ahahoze-gereza-ya-1930-hagiye-kubakwa-amacumbi 4.http://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/abafungiye-muri-gereza-ya-nyarugenge-1930-batangiye-kwimurirwa-mageragere#!?pr=119201&lang=en 5.https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-56414986 6.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video 7.https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/ku-batarafunzwe-karibu-mu-itongo-rya-1930-Amafoto-na-Video 3rin8651blts4nrsk1xbmqnibcdmmxv 0 8966 77183 76944 2021-08-09T03:16:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwandan Culture.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|intore]] [[Dosiye:Intore ZU Rwanda.jpg|thumb|intore z'u Rwanda]] '''INYOBORABATOZA''' INDANGAGACIRO 7 Z’IBANZE ZIFASHA U RWANDA KUGERA KU CYEREKEZO RWIYEMEJE UBUNYARWANDA GUKUNDA IGIHUGU UBUNYANGAMUGAYO UBUTWARI UBWITANGE GUKUNDA UMURIMO NO KUWUNOZA KWIHESHA <ref>www.nic.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/KWIHESHA_AGACIRO.indd.pdf</ref> gssr8iw985kf6apd4oeiz2crb51js97 0 8967 77624 76003 2021-08-14T15:54:22Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Est_in_Rwanda.svg|thumb|Ikarita y'intara y'ubuasirazuba bw'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Akagera_National_Park_Giraffes.jpg|thumb|Pariki natiyonali y' Akagera iboneka mu intara y'iburasirazuba bw'u Rwanda.]] [[Dosiye:Climbing_beans18_lo_(4108188443).jpg|thumb|Iyi ntara iberanye n'umwuga w'ubuhinzi bw'ibihingwa bitandukanye.]] Intara y'Iburasirazuba Intara y'Iburasirazuba ni imwe mu Ntara enye zigize u Rwanda ikaba igizwe n'Uturere 7 ndetse n'imirenge 95,Ibiro by'Intara y'Iburasirazuba biherereye mu akarere ka Rwamagana, umurenge wa Kigabiro, akagari ka Cyanya, umudugudu wa Rurembo. <ref>(easternprovince.gov.rw) </ref> 3ibigrgsyrhbv27s58yg8ysmb9elvy8 4 8968 76004 2021-07-01T19:52:26Z 2804:D51:5032:C600:6D62:A3B9:C14A:2372 Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Community_Portal]] cek8i6xegdwmx84pe5ciprjmnuxy06l 0 8969 78923 76210 2021-08-29T12:30:21Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Imiterere == [[Dosiye:Tour_du_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Tour du Rwanda]] Ni [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85140/umuhanda-wo-kwa-mutwe-uryoshya-tour-du-rwanda-uri-gusanwa-am-85140.html umuhanda w’amabuye]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85140/umuhanda-wo-kwa-mutwe-uryoshya-tour-du-rwanda-uri-gusanwa-am-85140.html</ref> utari muremure ariko uzamuka ukaba ugizwe n'amabuye ahuza Kimisaga na Biryogo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85140/umuhanda-wo-kwa-mutwe-uryoshya-tour-du-rwanda-uri-gusanwa-am-85140.html</ref>Ubusanzwe [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/aha-hantu-hamamaye-ku-mazina-y-abantu-ubusanzwe-hitwa-hate ni mu murenge wa Gitega]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/aha-hantu-hamamaye-ku-mazina-y-abantu-ubusanzwe-hitwa-hate</ref>, akagari ka Munanira mu karere ka Nyarugenge, gusa n’umurenge wa Rwezamenyo urahagera, ni yo mpamvu umuntu ugiye yo agira uburyo aharanga bitewe n’aho agana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/aha-hantu-hamamaye-ku-mazina-y-abantu-ubusanzwe-hitwa-hate</ref> [[Dosiye:Gutwara igare.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Gutwara igare]] == Inkomoko y'Izina == [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/aha-hantu-hamamaye-ku-mazina-y-abantu-ubusanzwe-hitwa-hate Mutwe] witiriwe uyu muhanda, yari umugabo wari uhatuye ubu utakiriho wasize izina kubera ko ari we wakoresheje uriya muhanda, mu gihe kera habaga akayira gato azana imodoka ihaca umuhanda bahamwitirira gutyo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/aha-hantu-hamamaye-ku-mazina-y-abantu-ubusanzwe-hitwa-hate</ref> == Ibihabera == [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85140/umuhanda-wo-kwa-mutwe-uryoshya-tour-du-rwanda-uri-gusanwa-am-85140.html kuri uyu muhanda] ufite umwihariko mu kuryoshya [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85140/umuhanda-wo-kwa-mutwe-uryoshya-tour-du-rwanda-uri-gusanwa-am-85140.html Tour du Rwanda] bitewe nuko hazamuka. [[Dosiye:Igare.jpg|alt=Azamuka Kwa Mutwe|thumb|222x222px|Tour de Rwanda]] a7vilr31z2kdjl8lcxqsb7mh04utoki 0 8970 78924 77508 2021-08-29T12:34:11Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali_car_free_zone.jpg|thumb|189x189px|Kigali car free zone ni agace kaboneka muri Kigali katabonekamo Imodoka.]] Kanama 2015, [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ Umujyi wa Kigali] mu Rwanda nibwo hashyizwemo Agace ka mbere katarangwamo imodoka bita Car free zone.<ref>https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/</ref> [[Dosiye:Highrise in Kigali.jpg|center|thumb|420x420px|Car feer zone]] == Aho gahereye == [[Dosiye:Kigali Car Free Zone.jpg|alt=in Kigali|thumb|168x168px|Agace katarangwamo imodoka bita Car free zone gaherereye mu mujyi wa Kigali]] Ni agace kava kuri KN 4 Ave gafite ahanini amabanki, butike zo mumujyi rwagati, amaduka yo mu nzu hamwe na bureaux. Umuhanda ukora kuri KN 78 Mutagatifu (Umuhanda wa Ecole Belge) na KN 84 Mutagatifu (munsi yumuhanda utagira imodoka) nawo wagize ingaruka kuri politiki yo guhagarika imodoka. [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ Abantu barashobora] kuboneka bagenda "hagati yumuhanda" inzira yose.<ref>https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/</ref> == Ibihabera == [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ Umwanya] wabaye ahantu hatoranijwe kubategura ibirori nko guhurira hamwe, ibitaramo by'imyidagaduro, [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ imurikagurisha] ryubuhanzi n’amavuriro yimyororokere nibindi. Mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi (WEF) ryakiriwe muri uyu mujyi muri Gicurasi, amasosiyete menshi yakoresheje umwanya wo kwakira ibirori bitandukanye kugira ngo ashimishe intumwa za WEF gusa, ndetse n’abaturage baho.<ref name=":0">https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Icyateganyijwe == Kigali n'umujyi ukura vuba utuwe na miliyoni 1.1. [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ Abategura umujyi] bashizeho ingamba zo gushyiraho imihanda mishya inyuze mu nkengero kugira ngo bakureho ibinyabiziga bitwara [https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/ abagenzi] ariko kandi bituma umujyi urinda umutekano w’abanyamaguru.<ref name=":1">https://africa.cgtn.com/2016/07/12/how-car-free-zones-in-rwandas-kigali-are-helping-the-city/</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Reba == tfxy1kxnxm21lpk02939yaenv6f5v1z 0 8971 76010 2021-07-02T11:33:42Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Urwibutso rwa Camp Kigali]] to [[Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali]]: Fixing language of the title wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urwibutso rw'ingabo z'ababirigi rwa Camp Kigali]] 56gm8n7cj0bf3svf3lmobmnbk8i0324 0 8976 78958 76824 2021-08-30T06:37:14Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patrick_Nyamvumba.jpg|thumb|Patrick Nyamvumba]] [[Dosiye:ALFS_-_Lt._Gen._Patrick_Nyamvumba,_force_commander_for_the_United_Nations_-_African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur_(UNAMID)_-_African_Land_Forces_Summit.jpg|thumb|Patrick Nyamvumba]] 6mbpxd35coeta0us0a50x1blq5oxv8a 0 8977 83628 83573 2022-05-17T12:49:07Z Umurigirwa 10947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aline_Gahongayire.jpg|thumb|Aline Gahongayire|211x211px]]'''Alina Gahongayire''' n'umwe mu bahanzi nyarwanda bazwi mu indirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana. Uyu muhanzikazi akaba yaratangiye uyu muhamagaro akiri mutoya bivugwako yari munsi y'imyaka icumi aho yajyaga aririmba m'urusengero muri sunday school aho yabanaga na nyina ariko akaba ataragize amahirwe yo kubana na se Mujyambere, wari unzwi nk'umucuruzi ukomeye .<ref>https://www.citimuzik.com/2020/06/aline-gahongayire-nzakomeza.html</ref><ref>https://www.citimuzik.com/2020/06/aline-gahongayire-nzakomeza.html</ref><ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/Aline-Gahongayire.html</ref> == Amateka == Aline Gahongayire yatangiriye umuhamagaro we mu itorero rya Zion Temple aho benshi bakunze kwita kwa Gitwaza iryo torero rikaba rihereye [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|mu karere ka kicukiro]], Umurenge wa Gatenga rikaba rihagarariwe n'umushumba witwa Paul Gitwaza ubu usigaye atuye muri [[amerika]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ifoto-ya-aline-gahongayire-yiga-mu-mashuri-yisumbuye-yasekeje-abantu</ref> Aline Gahongayire Azwiho indirimbo zifite imbaraga, kandi zifite amavuta.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/aline-gahongayire-yishumbushije-umusore-nyuma-ya-gatanya-na-gahima-gabriel/</ref> Aline Gahongayire n'umuririmbyi uzwi cyane, umwanditsi w'indirimbo, umuvugizi, akaba n'umwe mu bayobozi basenga cyane mu rwanda.Ni impano mu rwego rwo guhimbaza no gusenga, kandi aracyashaka urwego rushya rwo gusenga mu buzima bwe.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/Aline-Gahongayire.html</ref> == Amavuko ye == Umuhanzikazi Aline Gahongayire yavutse ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1986 avukira mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|karere ka kamonyi]] mu ntara y'[[Intara y'amajyepfo|amajyepfo]] akaba ari umukobwa umwe mubavukanyibe bane.<ref>https://afrikalyrics.com/artist/aline-gahongayire</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/aline-gahongayire-yishumbushije-umusore-nyuma-ya-gatanya-na-gahima-gabriel/</ref> == Agashya == Aline Gahongayire kandi yari yarashakanye nuwo bita Gahima Gaby umusore ukomoka mu gihugu <ref>https://igicumbinews.co.rw/gahima-watandukanye-na-aline-gahongayire-yashatse-undi-mugore/</ref> cy' U [[Rwanda]] gusa nyuma yaho urugo rwabo ntago byakomeje kugenda neza kuko Gaby Gahima mu mwaka wa 2019 yaje gushakana nundi mukobwa ufite ubwene gihugu bwo muri [[Amerika]] uzwi nka Nadege Narette<ref>https://rushyashya.net/aline-gahongayire-yishumbushije-umusore-nyuma-ya-gatanya-na-gahima-gabriel/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86671/ibizwi-nabantu-ba-hafi-kuri-aline-gahongayire-wimyaka-32-amafotovideo-86671.html</ref> Ikindi Aline Gahongayire yazamuye umuhanzi Niyo Bosco ahobakoranye indirimbo [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyo_Bosco] == Ubutumwa bwa Aline == Icyifuzo cye ni ugutangaza binyuze mu gusenga izina rya Yesu-Kristo, wapfuye akazuka ku munsi wa gatatu, ku isi hose kandi nkamenyesha abantu ko akiri muzima. <ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/Aline-Gahongayire.html</ref> == Indirmbo == * Nzakomeza * Ndanyunzwe * Izindi mbaraga * Ntabanga * harimpamvu * warahabaye * warampishe * Ninde watubuza * Akira Ishimwe <ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/audios/artist/261/Aline-Gahongayire.html</ref> === Ibindi wareba === Youtube channel ye :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHZ5fHYMEqE === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Artist]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] ky8r8k2i2jpodzsqfxnor16d4yj8djq 0 8978 76243 76105 2021-07-21T13:10:01Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Mubisi bya huye == [[Dosiye:UMUSOZI_WA_HUYE_(_HUYE_MOUNTAIN).jpg|thumb|UMUSOZI WA HUYE ]] [[File:Ibisi bya Huye.jpg|thumb|Ibisi bya Huye]] ibisi bya [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] ubu biherereye muntara ya amajyepko mu [[Akarere ka Huye|karere ka Huye]] ni umusozi wavuzwe cyane mu mateka yu [[Rwanda]] kuko uvugwaho umukecuru wahimbwe akazina ka Nyagakecuru bivugwako yari yarigometse ku Mwami uyu Nyagakecuru ya menyekanye cyane ku Ngoma yu umwami Ruganzu wa II Ndori<ref>https://www.gasabo.net/2019/11/19/menya-mu-bisi-bya-huye-kwa-nyagakecuru/</ref> == Amateka == amateka atubwirako mu bisi bya Huye hatari mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] akaba ariyo mpamvu kungoma yu [[Umwami|Umwami Ruganzu II Ndoli]] yifashishije ingabo ze zitwaga [[Igihugu|ibisumizi]] bakajya gutera kugirango bigarurire ako gace kari gatuyeho uwo Nyagakecuru wari warigometse ku Mwami<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Ibisi-bya-Huye-bigiye-kugirwa-ahantu-nyaburanga</ref> == ibisobanuro == ubusanzwe ibisi bisobanura uruhererekane rwi imisozi miremire ituye ahantu == Aho biherereye == ibisi bya huye biherereye mu murenge wa huye akarere ka Huye mu Ntara ya Amajyepfo mu kagari ka Sovu<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ese-Ibisi-bya-Huye-bisobanuye-iki-Nyagakecuru-wahavugwaga-we-yari-muntu-ki</ref> g20kh2qc5zx41t6ql4pmy2ugn30b196 0 8979 76118 2021-07-18T15:09:07Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Baku_muslim_girls_school.jpg|thumb|Ikigo cyita ku abana babakobwa]] [[Dosiye:Gangneung_Girl's_High_School_4.jpg|thumb|Inyubako z' ikigo]] an224h1xwgkqqdm5a3r4ebnh9mpggd9 0 8980 76753 76673 2021-08-02T05:17:48Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Young Grace 2.jpg|thumb|Abayizera Grace]] Abizera Grace n'umwe mu abahanzi nyarwanda bazwi mu indirimbo zo kurapa (umuraperikazi)abenshi bamuzi ku izina rya Young Grace. dcbeemd4k7ndlz3kbqdtmbhf0jgumgh 0 8981 76139 2021-07-19T13:02:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Bazongere Rosine umukinnyi wa Cinema umaze kumenyekana mu Rwanda.Rosine yari Umwe mubakunnyi b'imena bagaragaye muri filime Nyarwanda Papa Sava,filime ya City Maid na filime y'uruhererekane, Yakinaga yitwa Perukeriya. Rosine ni umwe mubakinnyi b'igitsina gore bigaragaza neza muri Filime hano mu Rwanda. Uretse gukina filime, Rosine ubu yinjiye no muri muzika ,aririmba injyana ya hip hop,amaze gushira hanze iyo yise " Stay" nindi yise "Akabando k'iminsi" [[Dosiye:Bazongere_Rosine.png|thumb|Bazongere Rosine]] 838fcjlog378smpgw663qxyldgne3mv 0 8982 82308 82302 2022-03-19T09:52:52Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Arielwayz.jpg|Arielwayz.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:SS|Screenshot]] of non-free content ([[:c:COM:CSD#F3|F3]]). wikitext text/x-wiki umuhanzi kazi Uwayezu Ariel uzwi nka [[Ariel wayz|Ariel Wayz]]<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Wayz</nowiki></ref>{{Infobox Musical Artist | background = Rnb_singer | name = Uwayezu Ariel | image = | birth_place = [[Kigali]] | birth_date = 2000 | years_active = 2018 | occupation = Singer }} Uwayezu Ariel[Ariel Wayz] we yavukiye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu 2000. Ni uwa Gatandatu mu bana barindwi bavukana nawe. Yasoje amasomo y’umuziki ku Nyundo mu 2018. Mu buhanzi bwe afatira urugero kuri Bruno Mars ndetse n’umwongerezakazi Ella Mai Howell. Yakundanye na juno kizigenza batandukana amushinza ubutinganyi aho yakoranye indirimbo na babo nawe ushinjwa kuba umutinganyi aho bagaragaye mundirimbo bakubita umubyimba wabakobwa Yakoranye indirimbo n’abahanzi batandukanye, hari iyo yakoranye na Bushali bise ‘Umwali’, ‘ Ndaryohewe’ yahuriyemo n’abandi bahanzi bakizamuka n’izindi. Uyu mukobwa wahoze abarizwa muri Symphony Band ubwo yayivagamo yatangiye gukora umuziki ku giti cye ndetse akora indirimbo zirimo ‘Ntabwo yantegereza’, ‘Depanage’ yahuriyemo na Riderman, ‘Away’ yakoranye na Juno Kizigenza ndetse na ‘Ndagukumbuye’ yakoranye na Riderman ndetse aherutse no gushyirahanze EP yiwe ya mbere yise ‘LOVE & LUST’. '''For more read''' <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Wayz</nowiki></ref> 89kc2yinnzv6ka81gk5yilx6kkab0pb 0 8984 77977 76388 2021-08-19T20:15:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:DJ_Tactix-(Modern_DJ_Setup).jpg|thumb|199x199px|Iradukunda Grace Divine ni umwe mu abantu bacuranga umuziki bakunzwe mu Rwanda DJ Ira, uyu mukobwa afite ubuhanga bunyuranye ku mikorere nimikoreshereze y'abimwe mu ibikoresho by'umuziki nka Mexeur]] Iradukunda Grace Divine wamamaye nka Dj Ira, umwe mu bakobwa bamaze kubaka izina mu mwuga wo kuvanga imiziki mu Rwanda. Izina rye rimaze kumenyekana cyane biturutse ku bitaramo bikomeye agenda agaragaramo birimo nka Primus Guma Guma Super Star, Miss Rwanda, ikiganiro cyo kuri televiziyo y’u Rwanda cyitwa The Jam n’ibindi birori bitandukanye. '''Ababyeyi be bumvaga ibyo arimo ari nka filime''' DJ Ira avuga ko yakuze akunda kuvangavanga imziki, bikubitiraho no kuba mubyara we Dj Bisoso( uri mu DJ bakunzwe mu Rwanda) ari byo akora, amusaba kubimwigisha ariko arabyanga amusaba kubanza kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. N’ubwo ababyeyi be bumvaga ko atazabishobora, Dj Ira avuga ko yari yifitiye icyizere ko bitamunanira kuko ari ibintu yakunze kuva mu bwana bwe. Dj Ira yageze mu Rwanda mu mpera za 2015 akajya yigira mu rugo mu gihe cy’amezi 2, ubundi atangira gucuranga mu bitaramo bitandukanye kugeza n’ubu ari ma bakobwa ba mbere bubashywe muri aka kazi. [[Dosiye:Emicida_Virada_Cultura-48_(36713278033).jpg|thumb|206x206px|Uyu mu Dj yamenyekanye cyane mu marushanwa atandukanye n'ibitaramo byinshi hano mu Rwanda twavuga Primus Guma guma super star.]] '''Imbogamizi Dj Ira ahuranazo mukazi ke ka burimunsi'''... N’ubwo Dj Ira amaze kubaka izina muri uyu mwuga utisukirwa n’umukobwa ubonetse wese, avuga ko zimwe mu mbogazi ahura nazo, ari uko hari abagabo bamubona bagatekereza ko ari indaya ndetse bamwe bagatangira kumwanjama bamutereta. '''DJ Ira umukobwa wifashije…''' Nta gihe kinini uyu mwana w’umukobwa amaze muri aka kazi ariko avuga ko kamwinjiriza amafaranga atari make atuma abasha kwibeshaho ndetse agafasha n’umuryango we yasize mu gihugu cy’u Burundi. Avuga ko mu ashaka kuzaba umu-DJ ukomeye ku buryo agize amahirwe akabona kaminuza yigisha ibijyanye n’uyu mwuga ari yo yajyagamo. Kandi akajyira inama abandi bakobwa ko bakwitinyuka iyi mirimo ikunzwe kwitirirwa ko ikora n’abagabo, gusa na none ngo bakwiye kujya mu bintu babanje kubitekerezaho neza, bategendeye k’uko babona abandi. '''Hifashishijwe...''' https://rushyashya.net/dj-ira-yavuze-ko-mu-kazi-ke-hari-abamwibeshyaho-bakamwitiranya-nindaya/ jz89fjuuhq1al9dqrf5dv5t0xzu6il8 0 8985 77544 76211 2021-08-12T17:50:42Z Vick karega 9857 #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Urutoki nibimwe mubihirwa byera cyane mu karere ka Rwamagana. Abaturage b’Akarere ka Rwamagana bavuga ukuntu bagenda biteza imbere, Aka karere kagaragaza amahirwe atandukanye yabyazwa umusaruro. [[File:Rwamagana Banaba Monument.jpg|thumb|Rwamagana Banaba Monument]] [[Dosiye:Banana_Monument.jpg|thumb|Banana Monument]] Abaturage bavuka ukuntu ubuhinzi bw'urutoki bubafasha mubuzima bwabo bwaburi munsi nko kwishura amafaranga y'ishuri no kwishyura mituweli. 6sq2un2m1jalvk1rb76ozaiyopi2qsm 4 8986 76268 76267 2021-07-21T19:35:09Z Emmynoah 9922 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref> == Imiyoboro == 1. https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75878/gushaka-nibyiza-ariko-kudashaka-nibyiza-kurusha-irunga-uri-m-75878.html 2. http://celebzmagazine.com/ilunga-wahembwe-bizou-ku-mushahara-wa-mbere-ubu-aritegera-indege-akajya-kuruhukira-i-mahanga/ 3. http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/abakunzwe-muri-sinema-nyarwanda-bazatorwamo-abahize-abandi-mu-iserukiramuco-rya-mashariki 4. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/212969</ref> === IRUNGA Longin === IRUNGA Longin yavutse mu 1972 avukira mu mujyi wa Rubumbashi muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, aracyari ingaragu nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye muri Electricite Industriere ntiyabashije gukomeza kaminuza . Yatangiye gukina film muri 2008 akaba amaze gukina filime nyinshi harimo Igitambo, Agaca, Nd’umukirisitu, Serwakira, Rurahiye, Ubwungo Series, Karani Ngufu, n’izindi yagiye agaragaramo. aa04obcyz95dcj09omfqw5wbroak7ec 0 8987 83332 76669 2022-05-11T13:13:26Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antoinette Niyongira''' n'umugore umaze igihe kinini mumwuga w'itangazamakuru wamuhiriye cyane bitewe n'ijwi rye ryahogoje benshi bigatuma aba icyamamare.<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/amafoto-dore-ubwiza-nimiterere-byumunyamakuru-wa-kiss-fm-antoinette-niyongira-wahogoje-benshi-kubera-ijwi-imyaka-irenze-5-yibereye-muri-paradizo-naba-kigenza-be/</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Antoinette Niyongira yavukiye mu karere ka Kamonyi akaba ari umufasha wa Patrick Kigenza aho bakoze ubukwe 2015.<ref>https://hose.rw/antoinette-niyongira-atwite-umwana-wa-kabiri-amafoto/</ref> ntago yigeze ahakurira kuko amashuri abanza yayasoreje mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] mbere yuko ajya kwiga icyiciro rusange cy'amashuri yisumbuye i kabgayi muri St Joseph yasoreje amashuri yisumbuye muri Groupe Scholaire de Rulindo mu 2011 aho yize bitewe n'amanota yari yabonye yahawe kujya kwiga muri KIE agakurikirana ubwarimu, ubwo abandi bajyaga mw'itorero we ntiyashije kujyayo kubera yari arwaye ibi byatumye amaze koroherwa atekereza akantu yakora bagenzi be bakazasanga hari aho ageze.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-rugendo-rwa-antoinette-niyongira-umunyamakuru-uri-mu-bagezweho</ref> [[Dosiye:Antoinette_Niyongira.jpg|thumb|Antoinette Niyongira]] == Umwuga == Antoinette Niyongira amaze imyaka icumi mw'itangazamakuru yanyuze kubinyamakuru binyuranye aho yanyuze kuri radiyo isango Star kuri radiyo 10 ubu akaba akor akuri KISS FM aho yagiyeyo muri 2015.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=57414</ref> akaba anafite umuyoboro wa yutube(Youtube) agaragazaho amashusho yigisha guteka yatangiye shyiraho amashusho ari guteka ibiryo bitandukanye ariko ibyinshi bikaba ibitetse kuburyo butamenyerewe, Ingero nkaho ashobora gutekesha inyama inzoga, inkoko akayitekesha ubuki n'ibindi bitandukanye,<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ndi-umuhanga-mu-gutekesha-inkoko-ubuki-antoinette-niyongira-yinjiye-mubyo</ref>Antoinette Niyongira amenyerewe mukiganiro MID DAY gica kuri KISS FM.<ref>https://yegob.rw/abanyamakurukazi-babica-bigacika-mu-rwanda-kubera-kugira-amajwi-yahogoje-benshiamafoto/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] ontd1jlj32gh85cqmflmyn1bmmq5gw9 0 8988 77063 77061 2021-08-05T20:24:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clarisse_Iribagiza_2014.jpg|thumb|Inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga Clarisse Iribagiza ]] Clarisse Iribagiza yavutse (wavutse 28 Mutarama 1988) ni umuhanga wa mudasobwa mu Rwanda. Ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze isosiyete ikora ikoranabuhanga rya mobile HeHe Limited. '''Ubuzima''' Iribagiza yize muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda kandi yiga muri gahunda ya incubation ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Yashinze isosiyete ye mugihe yari atararangiza. Isosiyete ye imaze gukura ifite abakiriya miliyoni ebyiri. Isosiyete ikorana nabatanga ibicuruzwa byaho kandi babona uburyo bwo kugurisha kumurongo kubicuruzwa byabo, kubungabunga ibarura kandi bahabwa ubwishyu bwa digitale kubakiriya babo ba nyuma. HeHe Labs yafatanije na GirlHub muri gahunda igamije gukangurira kwifuza abakobwa bo mu Rwanda. Babigisha ibijyanye na ICT gusa, ariko ikoranabuhanga nigishushanyo muri rusange no mubitekerezo bikomeye. pfu06rtlfq2hresnj1tm8hkaj0lv7n7 0 8989 78414 76377 2021-08-24T19:38:35Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Abashumba ni bamwe mubanu bakora akazi gakomeye kogukurikirana inka kujyirango itona.Abashumba bamwe barinubira uburyo bafashwe kuko ngo bafatwa nabi aho boherezwa kuragira inka mu rwuri rutari urwa nyir’izo nka,ugasanga ba nyir’urwuri barabakubita babaziza ko baragiye inka mu nzuri zitari iza ba nyir’inka. uretse n’ibyo kandi bakomeza bavuga ko ba nyir’inka batajya babaha ku mata yi inka baragira ngo bumve uko ameze,gusa bakomeza bavuga ko nabo har’igihe bahima ba nyir’inka bagakamira inka ku gasozi bakanywa amata mu gihe baba bazi ko amata yo mu rugo aba agenewe ba nyir’izo nka n’abana babo. [[Dosiye:Gukama_inka.jpg|thumb|Umushumba akama inka]] [[Dosiye:Abashumba.jpg|thumb|Abashumba]][[File:KURAGIRA INKA.jpg|thumb|KURAGIRA INKA]] 1xpjs1qd5pmtkgttxcpoccbbg0w5xmx 0 8991 79175 76428 2021-08-31T09:52:21Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:David Woodard in 2020.jpg|thumb|250px|Woodard muri 2020]] [[Dosiye:D. Woodard and W. S. Burroughs with Dreamachine, 1997.jpg|thumb|155px|Woodard na William S. Burroughs, ahagana mu 1997<ref>Chandarlapaty, R., "Woodard and Renewed Intellectual Possibilities", muri ''Seeing the Beat Generation'' (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2019), [https://books.google.com/books?id=bzOXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT98 urupapuro rwa 98–101].</ref>]] [[Dosiye:David_Woodard_(Seattle,_2013).jpg|thumb|David Woodard (Seattle, 2013)]] '''David Woodard''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Mata 1964 i Santa Barbara, muri Californiya) numwanditsi [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|wumunyamerika]] akaba nuyobora orchestre.<ref>Carpenter, S., [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-09-cl-60944-story.html "In Concert at a Killer's Death"], ''Los Angeles Times'', Ku ya 9 Gicurasi 2001.</ref><ref>Rapping, A., [http://gettyimages.in/license/569114761 Woodard] (Seattle: Amashusho ya Getty, 2001).</ref><ref>Epstein, J., [http://sfgate.com/opinion/article/Rebuilding-a-pure-Aryan-home-in-the-Paraguayan-2723542.php "Rebuilding a Home in the Jungle"], ''San Francisco Chronicle'', Ku ya 13 Werurwe 2005.</ref><ref>Allen, M., [http://nytimes.com/2005/01/20/garden/20mach.html "Décor by Timothy Leary"], ''New York Times'', Ku ya 20 Mutarama 2005.</ref> ==Uburezi== Woodard yize mu Ishuri Rishya ry’Ubushakashatsi ku mibereho na kaminuza ya Californiya muri Santa Barbara.<ref>Kracht, C., & Woodard, D., [https://wehrhahn-verlag.de/public/index.php?ID_Section=3&ID_Product=577 ''Five Years''] (Hanoveri: Wehrhahn Verlag, 2011).</ref> ==Notes== <references/> ==Imiyoboro== * BnF: [https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16616878t cb16616878t] * GND: [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D1014196620 1014196620] * ISNI: [http://www.isni.org/isni/0000000355935615 0000 0003 5593 5615] * VIAF: [https://viaf.org/viaf/174755630/ 174755630] * WorldCat: [https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011174082/ 174755630] * Kiddle: [https://kids.kiddle.co/David_Woodard David Woodard] * Wikiquote ikubiyemo amagambo azwi yavuzwe na: [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David_Woodard '''''David Woodard'''''] {{Commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Woodard, David}} [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamerika]] e978krqco0wcoj1zfgo42yq2mux212r 0 8992 83261 78110 2022-05-10T12:08:10Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Aurore_Kayibanda.jpg|thumb|Umutesi Aurore Kayibanda nyampinga w'u Rwanda wa 2012]] Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore ni mwene Ladislas Kayibanda na Olive Mukazera akaba yaravukiye i Burundi(Bujumbura) mu w'1992 aza kwambikwa ikamba rya Nyampinga w'u Rwanda wa 2012 ababyeyi be batuye mu mujyi wa Kigali, Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore ni umuhererezi mu muryango wabana bane(4).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame |accessdate=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153232/http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == Amashuri n'urugendo rwe rwo kuba nyampinga == Miss Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yigiye amashuri y'inshuke kuri petit prince(mu mujyi wa Kigali) aho yanakomereje amashuri abanza kugeza muwa kane akaba yarahavuye akomereza ku ishuri rya kimisange ari naryo yasorejemo amashuri abanza. Icyiciro cy'amashuri yisumbuye(Tronc Commun) yacyigiye kuri St Joseph i Nyamirambo, ayakomereza kuri ETO Muhima aho yavanye i mpamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye mu bijyanye n'ubwubatsi(Construction).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame |accessdate=2021-07-28 |archive-date=2021-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728153232/http://www.umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Miss Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yatowe afite imyaka 20 y'amavuko atorwa ku tariki ya 1 Nzeri 2012, atorwa mu bakobwa 14 bavuye mu Rwanda hose. Miss yari ahagarariye intara y'amajyepfo. Yambitswe ikamba na Minisitiri w'umuco Bwana Mitali Protais. Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore yagaragiwe na Natacha Uwamahoro nk'igisonga cya mbere hamwe na Ariane Murerwa nk'igisonga cya kabiri.<ref>http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/amateka/abantu/item/596-aba-nyampinga-10-b-u-rwanda-kugeza-mu-mwaka-wa-2020</ref> == Amarushanwa == === Miss Rwanda 2012 === Aurore yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2012 ku ya 2 Nzeri 2012. Hagati aho, abegukanye umwanya wa kabiri ni Natasha Uwamahore na Araine Murerwa.<ref>Aurore yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2012 ku ya 2 Nzeri 2012. Hagati aho, abegukanye umwanya wa kabiri ni Natasha Uwamahore na Araine Murerwa.</ref> === Miss FESPAM 2013 === Aurore yambitswe ikamba rya Miss Fespam Panafrica 2013 muri Congo Brazzaville<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame</ref> === Miss Supranational 2013 === Aurore represented Rwanda at Miss Supranational 2013 in Minsk, Belarus but she failed to place.<ref>Aurore represented Rwanda at Miss Supranational 2013 in Minsk, Belarus but she failed to place.</ref> === Miss World 2014 === Aurore yegukanye umwanya wa Miss World Rwanda 2014. Niwe wambere uhagarariye u Rwanda. Uwatsindiye Miss World 2014, Rolene Strauss, azambika ikamba rya Miss World. Aurore azagerageza kubona ikamba ryambere ryu Rwanda muri Miss World.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ku-isabukuru-y-amavuko-umukunzi-wa-miss-mutesi-aurore-yamushimye-mu-ruhame</ref> === Referances === <references /> 2ot7up9wgdilaqwrxwe0okb8a6fzcnn 0 8993 83569 82604 2022-05-14T18:27:47Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sandrine Isheja.jpg|thumb|179x179px|Umunyamakuru Sandrine Isheja Butera]] == Amateka == '''Isheja Sandrine Butera''' ni umunyamakurukazi wamenyekanye mu biganiro by’imyidagaduro, n’ubuzima rusange ku ma radiyo atandukanye yo mu Rwanda. Kuri ubu anayobora ibirori bitandukanye cyane cyane ibyitabirwa n’abiyubashye ndetse niwe wari unakuriye akanama nke mpurampaka mu irushanwa rya Miss Rwanda 2018.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5659/Umunyamakurukazi-Isheja-Sandrine-yavuze-ku-burwayi-bwamibasiye-ubwo-yari-atwite-imfura-ye</ref> == Amashuri yize n'umwuga w'itangazamakuru == Sandrine Isheja, ni umunyamakuru wakoreye Radiyo zitandukanye harimo Radio Salus, Isango Star na Kiss FM Rwanda mu biganiro by’ubumenyi n’imyidagaduro.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/isheja-sandrine-yibarutse-umuhungu</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == Isheja Sandrine Butera yasezeranye n’umukunzi we Kagame Peter mu muhango wabereye ku biro by’Umurenge wa Remera mu Karere ka Gasabo kuwa 15 Nyakanga 2016. Aho taliki ya 16 Nyakanga 2016 aribwo basezeranye imbere y’Imana bahamya isezerano ryabo ko bazabana akaramata. Aho magingo aya ari umunyamakuru ukunzwe ndetse wakoze kuri Radio zitandukanye zirimo Sarus ,Isango Star magingo aya akaba abarizwa kuri Kiss Fm.<ref>http://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/sandrine-isheja-yatangaje-umubare-w-abana-azabyara#!</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Sandrine Isheja Butera ni Bucura bw'iwabo mubana bavukana uko ari 3, Sandrine yize itangazamakuru nitumanaho asoza [[Amashuri Makuru|amashur]]<nowiki/>i ye mumwaka <ref>https://yegob.rw/inkuru-nziza-ku-bakunzi-bumunyamakuru-sandrine-isheja-butera/</ref> wa 2012 Sandrine yatangiye gukora umwuga we [[Nevşehir|witangazamakuru]] muri 2008 ku ishuri yigagaho [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] Sandrine kandi avugako akunda ibiryo bya Abashinwa ndetse no koga agakunda kandi [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] cyane azwiho ko akunda amabara atandukanye muriyo harimo umutuku,Orange,n' icyatsi akunda kandi abantu bamusetsa cyane akunda igihugu cye cyu [[Rwanda]] ntakunda abanebwe cyangwa abantu bamubeshya.<ref>https://kissfm.rw/members/sandrine/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] ajwuvkhqvwzxpr9azoyo0998n9o18ts 0 8994 79132 76857 2021-08-31T08:33:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Venant Nabomvura yavutse ku ya 4 Mata 1926. Niwe munyeshuri wa mbere wiyandikishije muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] mu 1963 <ref>http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inzira-y-inzitane-ku-ishingwa-rya-kaminuza-y-u-rwanda-n-urugendo-rwa-dr</ref>. Yatangiye ubuvuzi mu 1946 arasezera afite imyaka 88<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/197557</ref> [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda - LOGO B RV.png|center|thumb|320x320px|University of Rwanda]] eh7u756fkdb9ebwq6tur1bbqo357ngz 0 8995 79236 77105 2021-08-31T18:07:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox power station|name=Gisagara Thermal Power Station|commissioned=2021 (Expected)|website=|ps_electrical_cap_fac=|ps_electrical_capacity={{convert|80|MW|abbr=on}}|th_combined_cycle=|th_cogeneration=|ps_units_manu_model=|th_fuel_tertiary=|th_fuel_primary=[[Peat]]|operator=HQ Power Rwanda|owner=Hakan Mining and Generation Industry & Trade Inc.|cost=US$350 million|decommissioned=|construction_began=2017<ref name="1R">{{cite web|first=Dan | url=http://ktpress.rw/2018/01/construction-of-80mw-gisagara-peat-plant-in-progress/ |title=Construction of 80MW Gisagara Peat Plant In Progress |access-date=21 May 2018 | date=10 January 2018 |last=Ngabonziza |publisher=KTPress.rw |location=Kigali}}</ref>|name_official=|status=UC|location=[[Gisagara District]], [[Southern Province, Rwanda|Southern Province]]|country=[[Rwanda]]|coordinates_ref=|coordinates={{coord|02|17|57|S|29|57|14|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}|pushpin_map=Rwanda|location_map_caption=Location of the Gisagara Thermal Power Station|relief=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_size=|image=|extra=}} [[Dosiye:Thermal_power_station._img_003.jpg|thumb|'''Sitasiyo y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi yubushuye rwa Gisagara (GisagaraThermal power station)''']] '''Sitasiyo y<nowiki>''Uruganda Rw'</nowiki>Amashanyarazi yubushuye''' ni Uruganda rw'amashanyarazi akomoka kuri [[Nyiramugengeri]] rwa 80 megawatts (110,000 hp). Ruri kubakwa mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Karere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] muri [[Rwanda]] . == Aho ruherereye == Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi iherereye mu ''Mudugudu wa Akanyaru'', Akarere ka Gisagara, Intara y’Amajyepfo, nko mu birometero 75 (47 mi), kumuhanda, mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwumujyi wa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru numujyi munini mu Rwanda. [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|center|thumb|420x420px|Gisagara]] == Incamake == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Ekono Inc., isosiyete y'Abanyamerika, bwerekanye ko u Rwanda rufite ibigega byumye bingana na toni miliyoni 155, bikwirakwizwa kuri 50,000 hectares (190 sq mi) . Hakan Mining and Generation Industry & Trade Inc, uruganda rukora amashanyarazi yigenga muri Turukiya, yatsindiye uburenganzira bwo kubaka urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa MW 80 mu karere ka Gisagara, mu Rwanda rw’Amajyepfo. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Hakan yasinyanye na [[guverinoma y'u Rwanda]] amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi (PPA) gushushanya, gutera inkunga, kubaka, gutunga no gukoresha uruganda akoresheje ifu yakuwe muri Akanyaru mu Karere ka Gisagara. U Rwanda na rwo rwagura ingufu zabyaye kandi zikawushyira mu mashanyarazi y'igihugu. 80 megawatts (107,282 hp) Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa 15 megawatts (20,115 hp) [[Sitasiyo y''Uruganda Rw'Amashanyarazi yubushuye rwa Gishoma|'''Sitasiyo y<nowiki>''Uruganda Rw'</nowiki>Amashanyarazi yubushuye''' '''rwa''' '''Gishoma''']]''',''' yaje kumurongo muri 2017. [[Dosiye:Kolaghat_Thermal_Power_Station_-_WBPDCL_-_East_Midnapore_2015-05-01_8575.JPG|left|thumb|235x235px|Gisagara Thermal Power station ni uruganga rutanga amashanyarazi avuye kuri nyiramugengeri ruherereye mu majyepfo y'u Rwanda.]] == Ingengo yimari n'ingengabihe == Hakan azatera inkunga umushinga uteganijwe kugera kuri miliyoni 400 US $ (miliyari 300 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda). Ubwubatsi bwatangiye mu 2017 kandi biteganijwe ko buzarangira muri 2020. Andi masoko yizewe yashyize ingengo y’ubwubatsi miliyoni 350 USD. Muri Kanama 2020, mu Rwanda itangazamakuru print yavuze ko iterambere rusange iterambere rya station ububasha bagera ku ijana 96.7, na kurangiza biteganijwe muri Mata 2021. Muri Mutarama 2021, ''Taarifa Rwanda'', igitabo cyo kuri interineti, cyerekanye ko biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi azaza kuri interineti muri Gashyantare 2021. Ikiguzi cyiterambere kivugwa ko miliyoni 350 US $. == Abashinzwe iterambere == Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi yatejwe imbere kandi ubu ifitwe n’urugaga rugizwe na (a) '''Hakan AS''', uruganda [[Turukiya|rukora lisansi rukomeye muri Turukiya]] (amakara, ifu n’ibindi) (b) '''Quantum Power''', isosiyete mpuzamahanga y’amashanyarazi na (c) '''Themis''', iterambere ry’umushinga sosiyete. Ihuriro ryateje imbere imodoka idasanzwe (SPV), '''HQ Power Rwanda''' . Abateza imbere ba nyir'ubwite basinye amasezerano yo kugura amashanyarazi kubaka, gukora, kubungabunga no gutunga sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’imyaka 26 uhereye igihe yatangiriye gutangira no kugurisha amashanyarazi yatanzwe n’isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi mu Rwanda. Gutunga urugomero rw'amashanyarazi noneho bizasubira muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda . [[Dosiye:Kin_Thermal_Power_Station.JPG|thumb|Gisagara Thermal Power Station ifitiye abaturage akamaro kuko bamwe mu baturage baboneyemo akazi kabatunga buri munsi.]] == Inkunga == Muri Mutarama 2021, isoko y'imari y'umushinga yari imeze itsa: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 0.5em auto" |+Inkunga ya Gisagara Amashanyarazi ! Urutonde ! Izina ry'uguriza ! Amafaranga yatanzwe (US $ m) ! % ya Byose |- | 1 | Isosiyete ishinzwe imari muri Afurika | 75.0 | 21.43 |- | 2 | [[:fi:Finnfund|Finnfund]] | 35.0 | 10.00 |- | 3 | Banki y'Ubucuruzi n'Iterambere | | |- | 4 | Exim Bank of India | | |- | 5 | Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Afurika - Banki itumiza mu mahanga | | |- | 6 | Banki ishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda | | |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' | '''350.00''' | '''100.00''' |- |} == Reba ni ibindi == * Urutonde rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=4589&pLv=3&srI=53&spI=20 U Rwanda mu gutanga amasoko atandukanye] * [https://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-gets-first-peat-fired-power-plant-africa/ U Rwanda rwabonye amashanyarazi ya mbere y’amashanyarazi muri Afurika] Nko ku ya 18 Mata 2017. * [https://hqpower-rwanda.com/who-we-are-2/ Urutonde rwabafatanyabikorwa Muri Gisagara Amashanyarazi Yumuriro] Kuva 21 Mutarama 2021. [[Ikiciro:Category:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] 5zyogyf83rui5dckf96uuk5hgsi64nm 0 8996 78093 76547 2021-08-20T22:47:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umurenge wa Busasamana uri mu karere ka Nyanza mu Rwanda]] Ni umurenge wo mu Karere Ka Nyanza p8aopzmad3hrowxwksrmtmu7gedooo0 0 8997 77714 76678 2021-08-15T14:57:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GakenkeDist.png|thumb|Umurenge wa Ruli uherereye mu akarere ka Gakenke]] Ruli has an hospital called RULI Hospital 1uiv0g6pih5692foeqnj1s9qz5kmo9p 0 8998 82543 82068 2022-04-21T10:44:06Z 105.179.1.198 Spellings and some punctuation marks wikitext text/x-wiki Apostle Dr Paul Muhirwa Gitwaza, yavutse 15 /08/1971 n' umwigisha ndetse na dogiteri mubijyanye n'ibyi indege<ref>https://paulgitwaza.org/about/</ref> , [[File:Paul Gitwaza .jpg|thumb|Paul Gitwaza ]] kandi akaba umuvugabutumwa w'umunyarwanda wamamaye nk'umumisioneri kwisi hose 'muriki gihe<ref>https://awmamerica.org/about/</ref> ,uyu rero akaba ariwe muyobozi mukuru wa Authentic Word Ministries na Zion temple zose kwisi hose , n' umunyarwanda wavukiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]] yarizwi nka [[zayire]] cyangwase congo ,ubu akaba atuye muri [[Amerika]] ahazwi nka Dallas. == Amateka == Apostle Dr Paul Gitwaza n' umunyarwanda wavukiye mucyahoze ari [[Zayire]], yari afite ababyeyi bombi umwe muribo ari umushumba ari se umubyara. yigiyeyo amashuri abanza nyuma aza gukomereza muri Kenya aho yize ibijyanye n'indege , bigwako ari naho yahamagariwe kuza gutangiza umurimo w' ivugabutumwa mu [[Rwanda]]. == Umuryango == Apostle Dr Paul Gitwaza yashakanye na Angelique Gitwaza babyarana abahungu batatu<ref>https://www.flickr.com/people/129783522@N04/</ref> Elisha, Luke na Davide abo bahungu bose bavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] , Gitwaza yashinze amatorero ya Zion temple arenga 123 mubihugu bitandukanye nko muri Afurika ni mu Rwanda Burundi ,Kenya , Congo, Tanzania, Uganda ,aho yashinzemo imiryango 12 iba igize buri torero abereye umuyobozi. == Imirimo == Paul Gitwaza yashinze imiryango itandukanye, harimo Authentic world ministries<ref>https://web.facebook.com/drpaulgitwaza?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> yashinze Radio na Television Authentic yashinze amavuriro ndetse n'imishinga ifasha abapfakazi n'imfubyi Dr Paul Gitwaza ubu niwe uhagarariye Alliance evangelical church mu Rwanda kuva mumwaka wa 2009. == Baza hano == e2jhxk9cla21qqhe8ex82wjea4xsydi 0 8999 76917 2021-08-03T08:38:02Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:João_Bernardo_Vieira.jpg|thumb|Uwahoze ari perezida wa Guinea muri 2005 João Bernardo Vieira]] nevlonp4n92eecvz2m9399r0jzwfa0u 10 9001 77577 77181 2021-08-14T02:32:27Z Minorax 8248 Minorax moved page [[Inyandikorugero:Intangiriro/ikizamini/styles.css]] to [[Inyandikorugero:Intangiriro/styles.css]] without leaving a redirect: per [[Ibiganiro:Intangiriro]] sanitized-css text/css .main_box { width: 100%; 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Updates can be found in https://gist.github.com/jdlrobson/dbb124296ed2a1fc7242018c7b589059 */ @media screen and ( max-width: 720px ) { body.skin-minerva td, body.skin-minerva tr, body.skin-minerva .mp-column, body.skin-minerva .floatleft, body.skin-minerva .floatright, body.skin-minerva #mp-sister tbody, body.skin-minerva #mp-sister table { display: block !important; float: none !important; width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box; } } h5iyfj9htotxnyq33m9wefti9qxsxzk 0 9002 77580 77579 2021-08-14T02:34:23Z Minorax 8248 fx wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="font-family:Raleway, sans-serif; font-size: 20pt">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}} <templatestyles src="Intangiriro/styles.css"/> __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__ <div class="main_box"> <div id="header1"> <div> Murakaza neza ku rubuga ruhariwe<br /> <span class="large">Wikipediya mu Kinyarwanda</span><br /> Niba muvuga ikinyarwanda, iyi Nkoranya nzimbuzi nibe iyanyu </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="page" class="content_box"> '''[[Inyandiko]]''' : '''[[gushakashaka]]''' • '''[[kwifashisha]]''' • '''[[kumenyesha]]''' [[Inyandiko ziboneye]] • [[Inyandiko zinoze]] • [[Ibyiciro]] • [[Amahitamo]] [[Dosiye:Circle-icons-brush-pencil.svg|44px|link=Portail:Arts|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]] '''[[Portail:Arts|Ubugeni n'Ubumenyamuntu]]''' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Dosiye:Circle-icons-genius.svg|44px|link=Portail:Sciences|Ubumenyi bwimbitse n'ubumenyi bw'ibintu karemano]] '''[[Portail:Sciences|Ubumenyi bwimbitse n'ubumenyi bw'ibintu karemano]]''' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Dosiye:Antu applications-education-university.svg|44px|link=Portail:Sciences sociales|Ubumenyi nyamuntu na sociales]] '''[[Portail:Sciences humaines|Ubumenyi nyamuntu]]''' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Dosiye:Circle-icons-news.svg|44px|link=Portail:Société|Umuryango w'abantu]] '''[[Portail:Société|Umuryango w'abantu]]''' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Dosiye:Circle-icons-gear.svg|44px|link=Portail:Technologies|Ikoranabuhanga]] '''[[Portail:Technologies|Ikoranabuhanga]]''' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Dosiye:Noto Emoji Oreo 1f3c0.svg|44px|link=Portail:Vie quotidienne et loisirs|Ubuzima bwa buri munsi n'imyidagaduro]] '''[[Portail:Vie quotidienne et loisirs|Ubuzima bwa buri munsi n'imyidagaduro]]''' </div> <div id="big_image"> <div class="h2"><h2>Ifoto y'umunsi</h2></div> [[Dosiye:Sunrisenyungwe.jpg|962x962px]] <div class="image_text">[[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div id="community" class="content_box"> '''[[Kwakira abantu bashya]] n' [[umuryango]]''' [[Iby'ingenzi]] • [[Baza ikibazo]] • [[Amahame y'abashinze wikipediya]] • [[Ambasade]] </div> </div> </div> <div id="header2"> <div> Ubu hari inyandiko <br /> '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''' </div> </div> <div class="meta"> <div id="community" class="meta_box"> <h2>Amakuru arambuye kuri...</h2> * [[Rwanda]] · [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] * [[Burundi]] * [[Nijeriya]] * [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Umubumbe wa Mars]] * [[Pariki ya Nyungwe]] · [[Pariki y’ Igihugu y’ Ibirunga]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * [[Inyamaswa]] · [[Ingagi zo mu birunga]] · [[Uruyuki]] * [[Ubuzima]] · [[Ikawa]] · [[Makadamiya]] · [[Lotusi y’ubuhinde]] * [[Ikinyarwanda]] · [[Ikirundi]] * [[Inkoranyamagambo y'Igiholandi n'Ikinyarwanda yakozwe na Emmanuel Habumuremyi]] * [[Indimi mu kinyarwanda]] * [[Imigani migufi y’Ikinyarwanda]] * [[Abahutu]] · [[Abatutsi]] · [[Abatwa]] * [[Interahamwe]] · [[Fred Rwigema]] · [[Umwami Fayçal]] * [[Kanseri]] · [[SIDA]] * [[Ubukirisitu]] · [[Bibiliya]] · [[Yesu Kristo]] · [[Adamu]] · [[:Category:Abagatifu|Abagatifu]] · [[Islamu]] · [[Umuryango w’Abayislamu mu Rwanda]] · [[Igisibo]]· [[Gusiramura]] * [[Wikipedia:Bures boahtin Wikipediai|Loga eambbo]] </div> </div> </div> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <!-------------------------------Sections at bottom of page------------------------------> <!--<div id="mp-other"> ==Ibindi bice bya Wikipediya==--> <div id="mp-sister"> == Imishinga ifitanye isano na Wikipediya == Wikipediya icungwa na [[Wikimedia Foundation]], umuryango udaharanira inyungu ari na wo unacunga indi mishinga myinshi ya [[Wikimedia:Our projects|projects]]: {|class="layout" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="4" style="text-align:left; background-color: transparent;" | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Commons-logo-31px.png|31px default [[commons:|Ibya rusange]] desc none</imagemap> |width="33%" | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/ Commons]</span>'''<br />Ahashyirwa ibintu by'rusange by'ubuntu | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikinews-logo-51px.png|51px default [[n:|Wikimakuru]] desc none</imagemap> |width="33%" | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikinews.org/ Wikinews]</span>'''<br />Amakuru y'ubuntu | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wiktionary-logo-51px.gif|51px default [[wikt:|Wiktinkoranya]] desc none</imagemap> |width="33%" | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wiktionary.org/ Wiktionary]</span>'''<br />Inkoranya n'Inkoranyanzimbuzi |- | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikiquote-logo-51px.png|51px default [[q:|Wikibyobavuze]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikiquote.org/ Wikiquote]</span>'''<br />Ikoranyirizo ry'utujambo twubaka abantu bavuze | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikibooks-logo-35px.png|35px default [[b:|Wikibitabo]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikibooks.org/ Wikibooks]</span>'''<br />Ibitabo n'izindi nyandiko z'ubuntu | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikisource-logo-35px.png|35px default [[s:|Wikimvano]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikisource.org/ Wikisource]</span>'''<br />Isomero ry'ibitabo ku buntu |- | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikispecies-logo-35px.png|35px default [[wikispecies:|Wikibwoko bw'ibinyabuzima]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://species.wikimedia.org/ Wikispecies]</span>'''<br />Ikusanirizo ry'Ubwoko bwose bw'ibinyabuzima | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikiversity-logo-41px.png|41px default [[v:|Wikikaminuza]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikiversity.org/ Wikiversity]</span>'''<br />Free learning materials and activities | align="center" | <imagemap>Image:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|35px default [[m:|Meta-Wiki]] desc none</imagemap> | '''<span class="plainlinks">[http://meta.wikimedia.org/ Meta-Wiki]</span>'''<br />Ihuzabikorwa by'umushinga wa Wikimediya |} </div><div id="mp-lang"> == Indimi Wikipediya ibonekamo == <!--Note: This section will be regularly modified to keep it approximately the same size as template:WikipediaSister --> <div id="lang"> {{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Special:Statistics=|Iyi Wikipediya yanditswe mu [[rurimi rw'Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]. Kuva yatangira mu 2001, ifite kugeza ubu inyandiko zigera kuri [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles.&#32;}}Hariho izindi Wikipediya nyinshi; zimwe muri zo zigaragaraho kuba nini cyane zagaragajwe hasi aha. <div id="lang-4"> *Hejuru y'inyandiko 300,000 :[[:en:|<span title="English(de:)">English</span>]] '''·''' [[:de:|<span title="German (de:)">Deutsch</span>]] '''·''' [[:es:|<span title="Spanish (es:)">Español</span>]] '''·''' [[:fr:|<span title="French (fr:)">Français</span>]] '''·''' [[:it:|<span title="Italian (it:)">Italiano</span>]] '''·''' [[:nl:|<span title="Dutch (nl:)">Nederlands</span>]] '''·''' <!--{{lang|ja|-->[[:ja:|<span title="Japanese (ja:)">日本語</span>]]<!--}}--> '''·''' [[:pl:|<span title="Polish (pl:)">Polski</span>]] '''·''' [[:pt:|<span title="Portuguese (pt:)">Português</span>]] '''·''' [[:ru:|<span title="Russian (ru:)">Русский</span>]]</div> <div id="lang-3"> *Hejuru y'inyandiko 100,000 : [[:ca:|<span title="Catalan (ca:)">Català</span>]] '''·''' [[:cs:|<span title="Czech (cs:)">Čeština</span>]] '''·''' [[:eo:|<span title="Esperanto (eo:)">Esperanto</span>]] '''·''' [[:hu:|<span title="Hungarian (hu:)">Magyar</span>]] '''·''' [[:no:|<span title="Norwegian, bokmål standard (no:)">Norsk (bokmål)</span>]] '''·''' [[:ro:|<span title="Romanian (ro:)">Română</span>]] '''·''' [[:sk:|<span title="Slovak (sk:)">Slovenčina</span>]] '''·''' [[:fi:|<span title="Finnish (fi:)">Suomi</span>]] '''·''' [[:sv:|<span title="Swedish (sv:)">Svenska</span>]] '''·''' [[:tr:|<span title="Turkish (tr:)">Türkçe</span>]] '''·''' [[:uk:|<span title="Ukrainian (uk:)">Українська</span>]] '''·''' <!--{{lang|zh|-->[[:zh:|<span title="Chinese (zh:)">中文</span>]]<!--}}--></div> <div id="lang-2"> *Hejuru y'inyandiko 50,000 : [[:ar:|<span title="Arabic (ar:)">العربية</span>]] '''·''' [[:id:|<span title="Indonesian (id:)">Bahasa&nbsp;Indonesia</span>]] '''·''' [[:bg:|<span title="Bulgarian (bg:)">Български</span>]] '''·''' [[:da:|<span title="Danish (da:)">Dansk</span>]] '''·''' [[:et:|<span title="Estonian (et:)">Eesti</span>]] '''·''' [[:he:|<span title="Hebrew (he:)">עברית</span>]] '''·''' [[:ko:|<span title="Korean (ko:)">한국어</span>]] '''·''' [[:lt:|<span title="Lithuanian (lt:)">Lietuvių</span>]] '''·''' [[:sl:|<span title="Slovene (sl:)">Slovenščina</span>]] '''·''' [[:sr:|<span title="Serbian (sr:)">Српски / Srpski</span>]] '''·''' [[:vi:|<span title="Vietnamese (vi:)">Tiếng Việt</span>]]</div> <div id="lang-1" > *Hejuru y'inyandiko 20,000 : [[:ms:|<span title="Malay (ms:)">Bahasa Melayu</span>]] '''·''' [[:bpy:|<span title="Bishnupriya Manipuri (bpy:)">ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span>]] '''·''' [[:br:|<span title="Breton (br:)">Brezhoneg</span>]] '''·''' [[:bs:|<span title="Bosnian (bs:)">Bosanski</span>]] '''·''' [[:el:|<span title="Greek (el:)">Ελληνικά</span>]] '''·''' [[:simple:|<span title="Simple English (simple:)">English (simple)</span>]] '''·''' [[:eu:|<span title="Basque (eu:)">Euskara</span>]] '''·''' [[:fa:|<span title="Persian (fa:)">فارسی</span>]] '''·''' [[:gl:|<span title="Galician (gl:)">Galego</span>]] '''·''' [[:hi:|<span title="Hindi (hi:)">हिन्दी</span>]] '''·''' [[:hr:|<span title="Croatian (hr:)">Hrvatski</span>]] '''·''' [[:is:|<span title="Icelandic (is:)">Íslenska</span>]] '''·''' [[:ka:|<span title="Georgian (ka:)">ქართული</span>]] '''·''' [[:la:|<span title="Latin (la:)">Latina</span>]] '''·''' [[:lb:|<span title="Luxembourgish (lb:)">Lëtzebuergesch</span>]] '''·''' [[:mr:|<span title="Marathi (mr:)">मराठी</span>]] '''.''' [[:nn:|<span title="Norwegian, nynorsk standard (nn:)">Norsk (nynorsk)</span>]] '''·''' [[:sq:|<span title="Albanian (sq:)">Shqip</span>]] '''·''' [[:th:|<span title="Thai (th:)">ไทย</span>]]</div> <p id="lang-coord" style="text-align:center"> '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Urutonde rwose]] · <span class="plainlinks">[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Ihuzabikorwa ry'indimi nyinshi]]</span>''' </div> <!-- <---------Interwiki strapline----------> [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[de:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[nl:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[no:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sk:]] [[sv:]] [[tr:]] [[zh:]] [[roa-rup:]] [[id:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[eo:]] [[fr:]] [[hu:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[la:]] [[no:]] [[nl:]] [[fa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[rmy:]] [[ru:]] [[sk:]] [[fi:]] [[sv:]] [[tr:]] [[uk:]] [[vo:]] [[zh:]] hivblnflg1uiv4lx4bmpuqbp7o2egbv 0 9004 77552 2021-08-13T07:33:26Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Never Again Rwanda NAR]] to [[Never Again Rwanda (NAR)]]: proper naming wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Never Again Rwanda (NAR)]] alc47putcrdwa20vyifr1i9ka2r3btw 0 9006 77607 77606 2021-08-14T13:51:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cow_monument.jpg|thumb|304x304px|umurenge wa Murundi ubarizwa mu Akarere ka Koyonza, abaturage batuye uyu murenge batunzwe n'imirimo y'ubworozi bw'inka ndetse n'ubuhinzi.]] [[Dosiye:Kayonza_district_map.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Ikarita yerekana imirenge yose y'akarere ka Kayonza.]] Niwo Murenge munini mu gihugu! Umurenge wa Murundi uherereye mu Karere ka Kayonza mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, ukaba ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare (km2) 555 utuwe n’abaturage 46 036 babarizwa mu ngo 9 450 batuye mu tugari tune no mu midugudu 43. Ni umurenge munini cyane kuburyo uruta twinshi mu turere tw’u Rwanda, urugero nk’Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyabihu. Benshi mu baturage batuye uyu Murenge batunzwe n’ubworozi n’ubuhinzi ku kigero cya 90%. Ubutaka bwinshi buwugize bukaba bugizwe n’inzuri zigera ku 1500 ari naho benshi bahinga. Umurenge wa Murundi uhana imbibi na Parike y’Akagera ndetse n’ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Gabiro. Bimwe mu byaha bikunda kuhagaragara harimo urugomo bitewe n’abashumba bamara kunywa inzoga bakarwana. 1xioj9a6qwtli8bq7c45kjh26tr60z8 0 9007 78359 77894 2021-08-24T08:33:33Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abana_bishimye.jpg|thumb|237x237px|Abana bakwiye guhora bishimye kandi bagahabwa amahirwe n'uburenganzira busesuye bwo kwiga.]] [[Dosiye:Abana_bishimiye_kurya_ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|182x182px|Abana bishimiye kurya ubunnyano]] [[Dosiye:Abana_bakina.jpg|thumb|Abana bishimiye barimo gukina]] Murwego rwo kurengera abana no kubarinda,turasaba buriwese kwifatanya natwe mukwita no kurengera umwana tumurinda ubuzererezi nibindi bikorwa bibi bituma ubuzima bw'umwana buhungabana .duhamagare kuri +250789703193 niba harumwana ubonye afite ikibazo cg niba hari ubufasha ufite bwadufasha muri I bikorwa utwandikire kuri email:helpchildrenimage@gmail.com 5dzkr3ht03y9kc39z1t503ql6mm85t2 0 9008 79486 77924 2021-10-06T05:40:06Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 gukosora imyandikire wikitext text/x-wiki = Kuroba =[[File:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA]] kuroba ni bimwe mubintu bitunze abanyafurika benshi ndetse nabazungu bamwe na bamwe batunzwe no kuroba<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqI_KL8GTwc</ref> hari ubuhamya bwinshi bugaragaza akamaro kuburobyi mu [[Rwanda]] no hanze [[File:Fisherman riding a traditional boat.jpg|thumb|Fisherman riding a traditional boat]] == Imiyoboro == rv5c0gkryuz8ycrb45mf9bpjcqgp6ic 0 9009 77953 77952 2021-08-19T12:13:54Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Gutashya == [[File:Gusenya 08.jpg|thumb|Gusenya 08]] Gutashya ni umuhango ukorwa murwego rwo gushaka inkwi zo gutunganya amafunguro<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5dS-dBNwIM</ref> mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] si murwanda gusa batashya ahubwo ushobora gusanga igice [[File:Gusenya 12.jpg|thumb|Gusenya 12]] cyo muri Africa ariko babayeho == Impinduka == gusa ubu gutashya bisigaye mubyaro kandi nabyo bimwe nabimwe kuko haje ikorana buhanga abesnshi bakoresha imbabura cyangwa Gas [[File:Gusenya 03.jpg|thumb|Gusenya 03]] kuko hagaragaye ko byihutisha igikorwa cyo guteka <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/article/amashyiga-ya-gaz-yatangiye-gukorerwa-mu-rwanda</ref> == Bariza hano == 2vs3qjhclmrm9y5u6g8tzwe8z9r0ski 0 9010 77957 77956 2021-08-19T12:57:30Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Kwenga == kwenga ni bimwe mubigize [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] wa abanyarwanda bakoraga benga inzoga ndetse n umutobe byo kwinywera<ref>https://www.rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/files/pdf/new_stds/Inzoga_Ibitoki_Divayi.pdf</ref> == Ibikenerwa ==[[File:Ibibindi.png|thumb|Ibibindi]] iyo benga [[inzoga]] cyangwa umutobe bakoresha ibitoki inanasi amasaka ndetse nibindi == bagatara iminsi runaka bitewe nubukare bwinzoga bashaka ko izavamo<ref>https://www.jw.org/rw/inyigisho-bibiliya/ibibazo/ese-kunywa-inzoga-ni-icyaha/</ref> == == Ibikoresho ==[[File:Kwenga urwagwa mu muvure.jpg|thumb|Kwenga urwagwa mu muvure]] kera mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bengaga bakoresheje imivure ibajwe mu biti kandi nubu hari uduce tumwe natumwe two mu byaro tugikoresha imivure ariko ubu iterambere ryarabyoroheje hari a mamashini yubwoko bwinshi<ref>https://umutihealth.com/menya-byinshi-ku-nzoga/</ref> butandukanye yenga imitobe ni [[inzoga]] == Rebara hano == 42bb38rhb4hmq3f3moyb8448nqugi0z 0 9011 78209 2021-08-23T15:21:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AHLUSSUNNAH_MOSQUE_TILDEN_FULANI_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa AHLUSSUNNAH MOSQUE TILDEN FULANI NIGERIA - panoramio]] Umusigiti wa AHLUSSUNNAH TILDEN FULANI NIGERIA<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AHLUSSUNNAH_MOSQUE_TILDEN_FULANI_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> <references /> f0qvq81uigzr0tsbqir911klxlzgs23 0 9012 78212 2021-08-23T15:28:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Central_Mosque,_Abuja.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Central Abuja (Central Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Central Abuja <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Mosque,_Abuja.jpg</ref> <references /> llmazeqlj8opthsj9zyfmr1rz2ea40m 0 9013 78215 78214 2021-08-23T15:34:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AbujaNationalMosque.jpg|thumb|AbujaNationalMosque]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuja_National_Mosque</ref>Umusigiti wa National Abuja (National Mosque,Abuja) <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AbujaNationalMosque.jpg</ref> <references /> kjmf2j44595uwzj4a64jo5jwptp3l31 0 9014 78220 2021-08-23T15:44:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki Umusigiti wa Shitta-Bey muri Nigeria [[Dosiye:Shitta-Bey_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Shitta-Bey Mosque wo muri Nigeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shitta-Bey_Mosque.jpg</ref> <references /> h1v2m5tlns7t8veb9dh6i1fl1hh17ov 0 9015 78224 78222 2021-08-23T16:07:14Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GOMBE_CENTRAL_MOSQUE_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa gombe (GOMBE CENTRAL MOSQUE NIGERIA - panoramio)]] Umusigiti wa Gombe ( izina mu [[cyongereza]]' : Gombe Central Nigeria mosque-Ponoramio ni 'umusigiti' wo muri '[[Nijeriya|Nigeria]]' <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GOMBE_CENTRAL_MOSQUE_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> <references /> ak5ucj2psqc320hakfdskepjjtign7g 0 9016 78223 2021-08-23T16:05:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Akure_Central_Mosque_(Nigeria).png|thumb|Umusigiti wo muri NIjeriya Akure (akure Central Mosque (Nigeria)]] Umusigiti wa akure (izina mu [[Cyongereza]] : Akure central mosque ) ni [[Umusigiti]] wo muri [[Nigeria]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akure_Central_Mosque_(Nigeria).png</ref> <references /> d5yqfnw2zf8h9twjsfjv8rlxi76n83q 0 9017 78918 78225 2021-08-29T04:02:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grand_Mosque_Abuja_(3329159414).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Grand Mosque Abuja wa Nijeriya]] [[Dosiye:The National Mosque in Abuja Nigeria.jpeg|thumb|umusigiti wa Abuja ]] Umusigiti wa Grand Abuja (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: Grand Mosque Abuja ) uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Mosque_Abuja_(3329159414).jpg</ref> <references /> cmhq1wzio5cslzrhuhj0jwqb55y4orl 0 9018 78556 78226 2021-08-25T03:45:15Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sultan_bello_mosque_01.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sultan bello muri nijeriya (Sultan bello mosque )]] [[Dosiye:Sultan_bello_mosque_03.jpg|thumb|Uko umusigiti wa Sultan bello ugaragara inyuma]] [[Dosiye:Sultan bello mosque 09.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Sultan bello'' ]] Umusigiti wa Sultan bello (izina mu [[Cyongereza|Cyongereza:]]''Sultan bello mosque)'' uri muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_bello_mosque_01.jpg</ref> tl925rl91tii3robc2eb7cajiqd7ztt 0 9019 78917 78227 2021-08-29T04:00:55Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grand_Mosque_Abuja_(3329159414).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Grand Abuja ]] Umusigiti wa Gombe (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: Gombe central nigeria-Ponoramio) muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] [[Dosiye:GOMBE CENTRAL MOSQUE NIGERIA - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Gombe ]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Mosque_Abuja_(3329159414).jpg</ref> <references /> 8sqdf1gdrfgn2c2pao3g2x9ans32prc 0 9020 78916 78915 2021-08-29T03:59:21Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abeokuta_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Abeokuta muri Nijeriya (Abeokuta mosquea)]] [[Dosiye:Central Mosque Abeokuta.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Abeokuta ]] [[Dosiye:Oke-Ola Mosque, Oke-ijeun, Abeokuta.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Abeokuta ]] Umusigiti wa Abeokuta wo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: Abeokuta mosque) <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abeokuta_mosque.jpg</ref> <references /> 22xbc7y5hplarilydov63o2zk38zotw 0 9021 78229 2021-08-23T16:59:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2010_Falomo_Police_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_4577402958.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Falomo Police mosque Lagos Nigeria]] Umusigiti wa Falomo (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''Falomo Police Lagos mosque'') muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2010_Falomo_Police_mosque_Lagos_Nigeria_4577402958.jpg</ref> <references /> 2numgvl20ad258haxkjwde9vq625lyn 0 9022 78230 2021-08-23T17:09:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gwanki_Central_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Gwanki Central]] Umusigiti wa Gwanki (izina mu [[Cyongereza]]: ''Gwanki central mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Gwanki+central+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> <references /> ojnypq8x6qlwci6pgc0gvg0hl7w6ffb 0 9023 78232 2021-08-23T17:18:05Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Osogbo_central_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Osogbo ( Osogbo central mosque) uri mu igihugu cya NIjeriya]] Umusigiti wa Osogbo ( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Osogbo central mosque'') muri [[Nijeriya|NIjeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osogbo_central_mosque.jpg</ref> <references /> qcmtffxoo2eftttqzqn5xxeh62e5dsh 0 9024 78233 2021-08-23T17:28:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CENTRAL_MOSQUE_JOS_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|CENTRAL MOSQUE JOS NIGERIA - panoramio]] Umusigiti wa Jos Nigeria Panoramio mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CENTRAL_MOSQUE_JOS_NIGERIA_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> <references /> e1ordwxtpkjlkpzty4lbsfbtu5oynva 0 9025 78235 2021-08-23T17:48:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dikwa_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Dikwa muri Nijeriya]] Umusigiti wa Dikwa muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dikwa_mosque.jpg</ref> <references /> oea872vm56m7947pwc9l510mgsl7lg3 0 9026 78236 2021-08-23T17:54:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosqué_de_Zaria.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Zaria (Mosqué de Zaria)]] Umusigiti wa Zaria muri [[Nijeriya]] ( izina mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]]: ''Mosque de Zaria'') <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9_de_Zaria.JPG</ref> <references /> 2afcco2zza9pi9o0rsbjt80bjd1zq6d 0 9027 78237 2021-08-23T17:59:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bashir_Uthman_Tofa_Mosque_in_Gandun_Albasa,_Kano_(2018).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bashir Uthman Tofa Mosque in Gandun Albasa, Kano uherereye muri Nijeriya ]] Umusigiti wa '''''Bashir Uthman Toofa in Gandun albasa, Kano''''' muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bashir_Uthman_Tofa_Mosque_in_Gandun_Albasa,_Kano_(2018).jpg</ref> <references /> 7xowjgrd9ukovgadppmd3b7ciugrxf3 0 9028 78238 2021-08-23T18:04:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ikenne_Central_Mosque_1.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ikenne mu igihugu cya Nijeriya( Ikenne Central Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Ikenne (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Ikenne central Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ikenne_Central_Mosque_1.jpg</ref> <references /> ejzobpnzencmq9r67evvax9oier1fk8 0 9029 79470 79469 2021-09-30T10:25:30Z RebeccaRwanda 9062 /* Dr. Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DR Jean Paul Ngarukiyimana.jpg|thumb|umushakashatsi w' umunyarwanda]] === Dr. Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA === Umunyarwanda w’impuguke mu bumenyi bw’isi n’imitere y’ikirere (Geophysist) akaba [[File:Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA.jpg|thumb|Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMA Umuyobozi wa Nanjing Shengren Business Consultancy ]] n’umushoramari mu gihugu cy’ubushinwa.<ref>https://www.wcrp-climate.org/s2s-s2d-2018-posters/s2s-s2d-2018-list-posters</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanda cyane kubijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere(climate change ), <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Paul-Ngarukiyimana</ref> no kurengera ibidukikije; Yabaye ushinzwe ibikorwa bya tekinike n’ubushakashatsi (Technical Director) mu kigo cya Jiangsu Hongyang Quartz Products Co., Ltd kuva muri Mata, 2021; nyuma yo kuva mu kigo gitunganya iby’amabuye y’agaciro cya Jiangsu Universe Jewelry Co., ltd . mu gihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa|bushinwa]].<ref>https://news.nuist.edu.cn/2015/0330/c1150a82262/page.htm</ref> == Amateka == ==== Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA ==== yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka w’I 1989 akaba arinaho yize amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye ndetse n’icyiro cya mbere cya kaminuza (Bachelor) . Nyuma yo kurangiza Kaminuza 2012, mu ishami ry’ubugenge muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’ u Rwanda]] yahise ajya gukomereza amasomo ye mu gihugu cy’[[ubushinwa]] . Kuva muwa 2012 yize ururimi rw’igishinwa muri kaminuza ya [[Chonqing Normal University]] <ref>http://ncclcs.ncc-cma.net/Website/index.php?ChannelID=142&NewsID=3241</ref> ahava ajya kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mujyi wa Nanjing muri kaminuza ya [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Information_Science_and_Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Information_Science_and_Technology Technology] mu ishami ry’ubumenyi muby’ikirere (Master of science in meteorology).<ref>https://news.nuist.edu.cn/2015/0330/c1150a82262/page.htm</ref> === Ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa === Mugihe yigaga ikicyiro cyakabiri cya kaminuza yabaye umwe mubanyeshuri bindashyikrwa <ref>https://www.wcrp-climate.org/s2s-s2d-2018-posters/s2s-s2d-2018-list-posters</ref> ahabwa [[File:Dr Jean Paul in interview with China Meteorological Agency journalist (6th August 2018).jpg|thumb|Impuguke mumuhindagurikire y, ikirere]] n’inshingano zo kuyobora bagenzi be biga ibijyanye n’ubumenyi mu by’ikirere<ref>https://news.nuist.edu.cn/2015/0330/c1150a82262/page.htm</ref>. Amaze kurangiza Icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakomereje muri Kaminuza ya [[University ofScience and Technology of China|University of]] [[University ofScience and Technology of China|Science and Technology China]] (USTC) imwe muri kaminuza za mbere zikomeye mu gihugu cy’ubushinwa,<ref>https://en.ustc.edu.cn/</ref> ahakura impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) mu bumenyi bw’isi n’ikirere. Dr Jean Paul yabaye umuyobozi wa USTC -African students Association (ASU) na USTC- Foreign Students Association ubwo yigaga muri USTC Kuva muri Mata 2021. === Imirimo Akora === Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA n’umuyobozi ushinzwe ibya tekinike n’ubushakashatsi mu kigo cya Jiangsu Hongyang Quartz M Products Co., Ltd <ref>http://www.quartzhy.com/index.html</ref> akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Nanjing Shengren Business Consultancy Company == Ibindi Bikorwa == Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA ni impuguke akaba n’umushakashatsi w’umwuga mubijyanye [[File:Dr Jean Paul.jpg|thumb|Ishoramari mu Bushinwa ]] n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere. Muri 2018 yatumiwe n’ikigo cy’abanyamerica gishinzwe kubika amakuru y’ibipimo by’ikirere cyitwa [[NOAA National Climatic Data Center]]<ref>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/</ref> mu nama yiga ku iteganyagihe ry’igihe gito <ref>https://www.wcrp-climate.org/s2s-s2d-2018-posters/s2s-s2d-2018-list-posters</ref>. Usibye ubucuruzi bujyanye n’ibikomoka kumabuye y’agaciro,<ref>https://liferokks.com/</ref> Dr Jean Paul yashinze ikigo gifasha abacuruzi babanyafurika kubona ibicuruzwa mu bushinwa cyitwa Nanjing Shengren Business Consultancy Company<ref>http://gsxt.gdgs.gov.cn/</ref> akaba ari nawe muyobozi mukuru wacyo. Yakoreye ibigo by’ubucuruzi mu gihugu cy’ubushinwa harimo Jiangsu Universe Jewerly Co., ltd kuva muri Nzeri 2020 kugera Werurwe 2021 na Jiangsu Hongyang Quartz Products co., Ltd kuva muri Mata 2021. == Umuryango == Dr Jean Pual NGARUKIYIMANA yashakanye na Nadege Muhimpundu babyarana umwa umwe w’umuhungu Nziza Liam Lior Tivon. [[Dosiye:The_University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Dr Jean Paul NGARUKIYIMANA afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri kaminuza yo mu bushinwa yigisha siyansi na tekinoloji (University of Science and Technology of China)]] == Reba == <references /> == Izindimbuga wasura == https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1230737/overview https://ustc.academia.edu/NGABOPAUL https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Paul-Ngarukiyimana https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=author_see&amp;id=12178#.YSTyL2nfZkw 9k3m5dybo4eldq28v1bznrxbab28ome 0 9030 78555 78241 2021-08-25T03:44:08Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:University_of_Ilorin_Central_Mosque_(front_view)_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti izwi University of Ilorin Central Mosque igice cy'imbere]] Umusigiti wa Kaminuza ya llorin( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''University of llorin mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] [[Dosiye:Mosque 5.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Kaminuza ya Llorin]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:University_of_Ilorin_Central_Mosque_(front_view)_02.jpg</ref> <references /> o046mvolwug2isqlnbwcqijr4z5xien 0 9031 78242 2021-08-23T18:19:32Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lagos_Central_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti uzwi ku izina rya Lagos mu igihugu cya Nijeriya (Lagos Central Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Lagos (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Lagos Mosque)'' mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lagos_Central_Mosque.jpg</ref> <references /> gsx2v5o9w5cu1jc9gv7ivoogktjwev2 0 9032 78247 2021-08-23T19:08:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Arafat_Mosque_Auchi.jpg|thumb|Imiterere y'umusigiti wa Arafat Auchi wo mu igihugu cya Nijeriya (Arafat Mosque Auchi)]] Umusigiti wa Arafat Aushi ( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Arafat Auchi Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arafat_Mosque_Auchi.jpg</ref> <references /> g1gclv7jq2ydlni4wfnkj9k92qcl1s9 0 9033 78248 2021-08-23T19:12:39Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:First_mosque_build_in_Idoa_Community.jpg|thumb|First mosque build in Idoa Community]] Umusigiti w'ubatswe bw'ambere mu giturage cya Idoa muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_mosque_build_in_Idoa_Community.jpg</ref> <references /> p34e3ao9b4vb2mhzjgaeh6l8tujizz0 0 9034 78250 78249 2021-08-23T19:18:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:An_old_Mosque_with_an_unknown_age.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti umaze igihe kinini muri Nijeriya (An old Mosque with an unknown age)]] Umusigiti umaze imyaka myinshi cyane mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] ndetse bivugwako imyaka umaze muri icyo gihugu itazwi neza. <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_old_Mosque_with_an_unknown_age.jpg</ref> kuy957nlho27pmolajb2qgo03tih7xx 0 9035 78554 78251 2021-08-25T03:42:34Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zazzau_palace_Mosque_06.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Zazzau (Zazzau palace Mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Zazzau_palace_Mosque_08.jpg|thumb|Zazzau palace Mosque]] [[Dosiye:Zazzau Emirate Mosque 06.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Zazzau]] Umusigiti wa Zazzau (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Zazzau mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zazzau_palace_Mosque_06.jpg</ref> mjgjkudyljsnczrdi8llc36zjmov1bp 0 9036 78253 78252 2021-08-23T19:36:49Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:UNIBADAN_CENTRAL_MOSQUE_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa UNIBADAN ( UNIBADAN CENTRAL MOSQUE - panoramio)]] Umusigiti wa Unibadan-panoramio (izana mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Unibadan central mosque-panoramio'') <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UNIBADAN_CENTRAL_MOSQUE_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> 01dihhm3ra5hluqho5mxs8uy7257qa6 0 9037 78254 2021-08-23T19:51:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bebeji_Mosque_(1).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bebeji (Babeji Mosque)]] Umisigiti wa Bebeji (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Bebeji Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bebeji_Mosque_(1).jpg</ref> <references /> f7gywvhop8aqgb78fk7a1atbc0jvr5f 0 9038 78255 2021-08-23T20:06:36Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Albani_Zaria_Mosque_01.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Albani Zaria Mosque ]] Umusigiti wa Albani Zaria ( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Albani Zaria mosque'') <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albani_Zaria_Mosque_01.jpg</ref> tl2bzxnamp3uiee5y9zeyxg6lzfhxdf 0 9039 78256 2021-08-23T20:15:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zazzau_Emirate_Mosque_06.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Zazzau Emirate Mosque]] [[Dosiye:Zazzau_Emirate_gate_01.jpg|thumb|Irembo rya mbere ry' umusigiti wa Zazzau Emirate ]] Umusigiti wa Zazzau Emirate (izina mu Icyongereza: ''Zazzau Emirate Mosque'') <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zazzau_Emirate_Mosque_06.jpg</ref> rk278j757krv0kh590ko0vnzstjnwch 0 9040 78257 2021-08-23T20:23:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque_in_Ibadan.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ibadan (Mosque in Ibadan)]] Umusigiti wa Ibadan (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Ibadan Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosque_in_Ibadan.jpg</ref> 176jw3wr2ebq36z0laqm5ygw2rgr6he 0 9041 78258 2021-08-23T20:48:50Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sheikh_Sabah_Memorial_Mosque_SMC_05.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sheikh Sabah Memorial SMC ]] [[Dosiye:Sheikh_Sabah_Memorial_Mosque_SMC_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sheikh Sabah Memorial Mosque SMC uruhande rw'imbere.]] Umusigiti wa '''Sheikh saban Memorial SMC''' wo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sheikh_Sabah_Memorial_Mosque_SMC_05.jpg</ref> si9wrwalndm1cdwajisog61ja02x0d9 0 9042 78260 78259 2021-08-23T21:07:42Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cental_Mosque,_Oshogbo15.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Oshogbo (Central Mosque, Oshogbo)]] [[Dosiye:Osogbo_central_mosque.jpg|thumb|Oshogbo central mosque]] Umusigiti wa Oshogbo (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: Central Oshogbo Mosque) wo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cental_Mosque,_Oshogbo15.jpg</ref> kv0rko90pdqp395iwn3y77s1lvrwipc 0 9043 78261 2021-08-23T21:17:01Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gbagura_mosque_from_olumo_rock_view3.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Gbagura (Gbagura mosque from olumo rock)]] [[Dosiye:A_view_of_Gbagura_mosque_in_Abeokuta,_Ogun_State-Nigeria.jpg|thumb|A view of Gbagura mosque in Abeokuta, Ogun State-Nigeria]] Umusigiti wa Gbagura (izina mu [[Icyongereza|Icyingereza]]: ''Gbagura Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gbagura_mosque_from_olumo_rock_view3.jpg</ref> cd9sdw6b1e72gb2elmwvxn3uydkcq34 0 9044 78263 78262 2021-08-23T21:23:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BUK_new_central_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti mushya izwi nka Buk mu igihugu cya Nijeriya (BUK new central mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Inside_of_the_Central_Juma'at_Mosque_BUK.jpg|thumb|Munyubako y'umusigiti wa Buk imbere ( Inside of the Central Juma'at Mosque BUK)]] Umusigiti mushya wa BUK (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Buk new Central Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BUK_new_central_mosque.jpg</ref> nbvg166y7pre40ws1wumhzg4yrm291u 0 9045 78264 2021-08-23T21:30:02Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oba_Salawu_Aminu_Mosque_Ibadan-0458.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Oba Salawu Aminu Ibadan]] Umusigiti wa Oba Salawu Aminu (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Oba Salawu Aminu Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oba_Salawu_Aminu_Mosque_Ibadan-0458.jpg</ref> mnn9qto2dg1pp6g6zycytv8ovmbayib 0 9046 78339 2021-08-24T07:25:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Isiyaka_Rabi'u_house_and_mosque_09.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Isiyaka Rabi'u (Isayaka Rabi'u house and mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Isiyaka_Rabi'u_house_and_mosque_02.jpg|thumb|Isiyaka Rabi'u house and mosque 02]] [[Dosiye:Isiyaka_Rabi'u_house_and_mosque_05.jpg|thumb|Isiyaka Rabi'u house and mosque 05]] Umusigiti wa Isiyaka Rabi'u (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Isiyaka Rabi'u house and Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isiyaka_Rabi%27u_house_and_mosque_09.jpg</ref> 7siv08yg2fvdie3616fuengu1qc02y4 0 9047 78344 2021-08-24T07:37:05Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosqeedld.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Umusigiti wa Ouakam-de la Divinite]] [[Dosiye:SN-dakar-mosch-divine.jpg|thumb|SN-dakar-mosch-divine]] Umusigiti wa Ouakam-de la Divinite (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''mosquee de la divinite Ouakam'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Quakam-de+la+divinite&oq=Quakam-de+la+divinite&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l3.553j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SN-dakar-mosch-divine.jpg</ref> ksonkmjg7djjt8zdlrymsu90mcwrt41 0 9048 78347 2021-08-24T07:53:43Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gidan_Museum.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Gidan Makama Museum]] Umusigiti w'amateka wa ''Gidan Makama museum Mosque'' uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-mosque-next-to-gidan-makama-museum-kano-nigeria-west-africa-africa-20528382.html</ref> <references /> 2h5lqu2rh98kz3n6nfekmiixoq4ed9f 0 9049 78350 2021-08-24T08:02:49Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Garki_International_Market_04.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Garki International uherereye hafi n'isoko rinini riri mu mujyi wa Abuja]] [[Dosiye:Garki_International_Market_02.jpg|thumb|Garki International mosque]] Umusigiti wa Garki international uherereye mu mujyi munini wa [[Abuja]] mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Garki_International_Market_04.jpg</ref> 5xkexz0c9xg0nv90tilo687kdct7s41 0 9050 78351 2021-08-24T08:09:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abuja_Banner.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Abuja Banner]] [[Dosiye:American_Airlines_Center_WV_banner.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Abuja Banner]] Umusigiti wa Abuja banner uri mu mujyi wa [[abuja]] mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] hq4laxrsc4x5veech8hjdwkaae3qvfz 0 9051 78354 2021-08-24T08:15:31Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Abuja_Collage.jpg|thumb|Abuja Collage mosque]] [[Dosiye:Abuja.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Abuja collage]] Umusigiti wa Abuja collage (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Abuja Collage Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abuja_Collage.jpg</ref> 1d8grpyjlgrjtnbzz07yk04pbgovawn 0 9052 78383 78382 2021-08-24T10:10:11Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Nyakatsi ==[[File:Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI)]] mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu byinshi bya [[Afurika|Africa]] hagiye hagaragara izu zubatswe mubyatsi cyangwa mubirere nibiti zizwi kwi zina rya nyakatsi<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk02wSEsH3m4xXDt8RbLHBfYXh8fnQA:1629797994385&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=nyakatsi&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2z4rUrsnyAhXDgf0HHQAICKYQjJkEegQIBRAC&biw=1207&bih=579</ref> ni inzu zaturwagamo nabakene cyane cyane mubihugu byabo == umwihariko == nyakatsi n [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] zikozwe mu byatsi zirangwa cyane no gukonja kubazirimo imbere kuko wasanganga nta muriro ubamo ahubwo ugasanga bacanyemo inkwi kugirango habone ndetse bakabikora no muburyo bwo kota kugirango bashyuhe<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/26773</ref> == Iterambere ==[[File:King's House.jpg|thumb|King's House]] muri ibibihe nko mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] no mubindi bihugu birimo gutera imbere bigize umugabane wa [[Afurika]] ntago hakigaragaramo [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] zituwemo na abaturage<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/demolition-of-grass-huts-in-rwanda-111764104/1266256.html</ref> zizwi nka [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nyakatsi]] == Ubukungu == kugeza ubu inzu za nyakatsi ahantu zisigaye mu Rwanda cgangwa muri Afurika ntago zituwemo na Abaturage ahubwo zahinduwe inzu [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|ndangamurage]] zibyo bihugu<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bakuwe-muri-nyakatsi-batuzwa-heza-ngo-amaherezo-bazatunga-n-imodoka</ref> == Ubukerarugendo ==[[File:Inside of Rwanda cultural house.jpg|thumb|Inside of Rwanda cultural house]] Inzu za nyakatsi zahinduwe amateka mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kuko nta muturage ukizituyemo ahubwo zabaye izaba mukerarugendo<ref>https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/rwanda/common-housing-structure-to-be-razed-in-favor-of-modern-villages-in-rwandan-district/</ref> kuko zirzsurwa cyane kandi zibarizwa cyane mu ma [[Hotel Rwanda|Hotel]] == Ishakiro == 65yy87r1cg4ejw0icxvo2mgg5jdmojf 0 9053 83643 83642 2022-05-17T15:40:20Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki == Agaseke ==[[File:Agaseke Monuments.jpg|thumb|Agaseke Monuments]] mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] agaseke gafatwa nk igikoresho cyu [[Umuco nyarwanda|Umuco]] kuko gakoreshwa cyane kandi bakikorera mu bimera byera mu rwanda<ref>https://azizilife.com/agaseke-kamahoro-association/</ref> == Ibikoze agaseke == agaseke bakaboha ni ntoki bakaboha mubyatsi byinshi bitandukanye muribyo harimo inshinge imigwegwe nibindi<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=AOaemvLwSLLYXY4--oSdGALHD41lXpygWA:1629800060789&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=Agaseke&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ77WttsnyAhVCZcAKHZ_hCkkQjJkEegQIBxAC&biw=1207&bih=579</ref> == Ubukungu == Agaseke nibimwe mubicuruzwa [[U Rwanda|Urwanda]] rusigaye rwohereza hanze yi igihugu kuko gakunzwe cyane n abanyamahanga abenshi bagakoresha nk [[Umuco nyarwanda|Umutako]] wo Munzu abandi bakabikamo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye<ref>https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=29</ref> == Akamaro == Agaseke gakoreshwa ibintu byinshi bitandukanye bitewe nugatunze nko mu Rwanda gafatwa nku Umuco kuko bagaturamo Umuntu iyo bamusuye bakabikamo ibyo kurya bitegura gutunganya nki Inyanya, ibishyimbo, ibitunduru, amasaka nibindi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/192115</ref> [[Dosiye:Imigwegwe.jpg|thumb|imigwegwe]] == Ibidukikije == mu [[Rwanda]] bahinga ibihingwa byinshi bitandukanye ariko sibyo byonyine bifitiye abaturage akamaro<ref>https://www.overstock.com/Home-Garden/Set-of-2-Imigwegwe-Plant-Fibers-Black-and-Tea-Plateau-Baskets-Rwanda/5745199/product.html</ref> nkuko tubizi ntango ibimera byose aruko babihinga mu [[Rwanda]] hari ibimera byinshi byimeza kandi bikagira akamaro muribyo harimo ibimera bizwi nk'imigwegwe akaba ari ibimera bikra ibintu byinshi muribyo hakaba harimo nko kuboha uduseke twamamaye mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yarwo kubera ubwiza n'umwihariko watwo si uduseke gusa hari kandi n'imisambi bicaro ndetse nindi mitako itanukanye ibohwa mu byatsi byimeza tuzi nk'imigano.<ref>https://www.no41.org/blog/how-its-made-imigwegwe</ref> == Rebera hano == kboplyzh8uaca5nlkv7oujntnkl3my6 0 9054 78401 78397 2021-08-24T11:47:43Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibijumba ==[[File:Ikijumba.jpg|thumb|Ikijumba]] mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hamwe nibindi bihugu byo muri [[Afurika]] bihinga ibijumbandetse nibindi byinshi bitandukanye ibijumba nibimwe mubiribwa abanyarwanda benshi batunzwe nabyo == Inkomoko == Ibijumba ni igihingwa cyakomotse muri [[Amerika]] y Amajyepfo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/nusoma-iyi-nkuru-ntuzongera-gusuzugura-ibijumba</ref> ibijumba kandi bigira vitamine ukandi bitera imbaraga == Akamaro ==[[File:Abana bishimiye kurya ubunnyano.jpg|thumb|Abana bishimiye kurya ubunnyano]] ibijumba bitera imbaraga mumubiri wumuntu kandi bizwiho kurinda fcindwara zitandukanye ibijumba byose akamaro nikamwe mumubiri nubwo biba bifite amabara atandukanye<ref>https://umutihealth.com/ibijumba/</ref> == Ubwoko == ibijumba bigira amabara atandukanye haba imbere cyangwa inyuma ku ishishwa hari ibisa umutuku, umuhondo, igitaka nandi mensi atandukanye<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/77858/menya-akamaro-k-ibijumba-ku-buzima-bwawe-77858.html</ref> == Reba == abkfup9ociwtpp355vfu8eo6kud2im5 0 9055 78407 78406 2021-08-24T12:09:45Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Gusogongera ==[[File:Gusangira nkumuco wabanyarwanda mukuganura ibyo bejeje.jpg|thumb|Gusangira nkumuco wabanyarwanda mukuganura ibyo bejeje]] gusogongera ni [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] mu Rwanda bakora iyo hari ahantu habaye ubukwe cyangwa ibindi birori birimo imibatizo nibindi == Akamaro == [[File:Umuco wo gusangira.jpg|thumb|Umuco wo gusangira]] nko muri ibibihe gusogongera inzoga munganda zimwe nazimwe zibikora ni Akazi umuntu ahemberwa kandi akaba yarabyigiye ndetse akaba anabifitemo uburambe ntago wakora akazi ko gusogongera inzoga utazinywa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ntibisanzwe/article/umurimo-wo-gusogongera-inzoga-usaba-uwukora-kuba-yarazihebeye</ref> == Agashya == gusogongera bisaba umuntu uba azwi nk umusinzi koko kuburyo agomba kuba azi amoko menshi atandakunye y inzoga == Reba == ccymsgzjvhp5yx7rm4e6jc40bxkqgtf 0 9056 78413 78412 2021-08-24T19:34:09Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Kwahira ==[[File:Ibibondo 08.jpg|thumb|Ibibondo 08]] mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hari umuco wo kwahira ubwatsi bwa [[amatungo]] gusa si mu Rwanda gusa hari nibindi bihugu byo muri [[Afurika|Africa]] ndetse no kwi isi yose bagifite umuco wo kwa Hira<ref>https://glosbe.com/rw/en/ubwatsi</ref> == Akamaro == kwahira bifite akamaro gakomeye kuko bitunga amatungo ndetse bigakora nibindi bikorwa bitandukanye == Umusaruro ==[[File:Ibibondo 01.jpg|thumb|Ibibondo 01]] kwahira bituma inka itanga umukamo uhagije kandi bigatanga ni ifumbire rikoreshwa mubuhinzi == Reba == oel5jfhukakcrszedidh8zqqrpwc0mw 0 9057 78416 78415 2021-08-24T19:53:46Z Germain92 9488 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki == Kuragira == Kuragira mu rwanda ni umuco ukorwa nabagabo nabana babahungu kuragira kandi bikorerwa ahantu heze ubwatsi bwinshi bitewe namatungo uragiye<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk02OG-_m5CKtlHoqhEsfB7s2zYJIkg:1629834259333&source=univ&tbm=isch&q=kuragira&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxrcfgtcryAhVB6uAKHWW2Ah0QjJkEegQIHxAC&biw=1207&bih=579</ref> == Akamaro ==https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTxGzBg3bdg kuragira bitanga umusaruro kandi byorohereza ba nyiramatungo kuko bituma inka zibona ibizitunga bitabagoye kandi amatungo yabo agatanga umukamo uhagije kuko inka ziba zabonye ibizitunga<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTxGzBg3bdg</ref> == Bariza hano == lmt3fn31eejg4obewfe4owr4vepttyz 0 9059 78616 2021-08-25T17:32:31Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hausa_Muslims_praying_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Hausa Muslims praying]] Umusigiti wa Housa Muslims Praying ( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: Housa Muslims Praying mosque) uherereye muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hausa_Muslims_praying_02.jpg</ref> 9z6n7x9sz2p84gmcuz2915qziyzgaar 0 9060 78617 2021-08-25T17:39:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Unilorin_central_mosque_silhouette.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Unilorin central( Unilorin central mosque silhouette)]] [[Dosiye:Mosque_5.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Unilorin central]] Umusigiti wa Unilorin central (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Unilorin central mosque'') wo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Unilorin_central_mosque_silhouette.jpg</ref> 8j7rgauc71f2sjs24hsp6q2y517ihb2 0 9061 78618 2021-08-25T17:48:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Oluwole_Ogba_Central_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Oluwole Ogba (Oluwole Ogba Central Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Oluwole Ogba ( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Oluwole Ogba Central Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oluwole_Ogba_Central_Mosque.jpg</ref> 7g9z5c4g4w0anz5bw5xa0rq43nkqvcc 0 9062 78907 78619 2021-08-28T19:06:14Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Muhammadu_Zakari_Mosque_Kano_State_02.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Muhammadu Zakari Kano State]] [[Dosiye:Muhammadu_Zakari_Mosque_Kano_State_03.jpg|thumb|Muhammadu Zakari Mosque Kano State]] [[Dosiye:Muhammadu Zakari Mosque Kano State 01.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Muhammadu Zakar]] Umusigiti wa Muhammadu Zakari (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Muhammadu Zakari kano state mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muhammadu_Zakari_Mosque_Kano_State_03.jpg</ref> fbtntm3z4hhkhrefl2ds1r8nxhpph4w 0 9063 78620 2021-08-25T17:59:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bagwai_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bagwai uri hagati y'ubusitani bw'ibiti bitandukanye bifite ubwiza butangaje.]] Umusigiti wa Bagwai( izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Bagwai mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bagwai_Mosque.jpg</ref> stbllmqfiauf4jxcadwhjz5wxwdurj3 0 9064 78621 2021-08-25T18:32:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque_in_Gadon_Kaya,_Kano.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Gadon Kaya, Kano]] Umusigiti wa Gadon kaya, kano (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Gadon kaya, kano mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosque_in_Gadon_Kaya,_Kano.jpg</ref> 5n01dmkosgwamwyfdh6ipjz441hubww 0 9065 78622 2021-08-25T18:43:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fanisau_Ancient_Mosque_(1).jpg|thumb|Fanisau Ancient Mosque (1)]] [[Dosiye:Fanisau_Ancient_Mosque_(4).jpg|thumb|Fanisau Ancient Mosque (4)]] Umusigiti wa Fanisau ancient (Izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Fanisau ancient mosque'') wo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fanisau_Ancient_Mosque_(4).jpg</ref> qhlvxx2xcahdrgtwrezzc3yr8dv4o3h 0 9066 78906 78624 2021-08-28T19:02:52Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Central_Mosque_in_Ode_Omu,_Osun_State.jpg|thumb|Central Mosque in Ode Omu, Osun State]] [[Dosiye:An old Mosque with an unknown age.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''ode omu'']] Umusigiti wa Ode Omu, Osun (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''central mosque ode omu, osun state'') <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Mosque_in_Ode_Omu,_Osun_State.jpg</ref> 6xjbfetmdafp9ctiua4yumqrig0wco8 0 9067 78625 2021-08-25T18:54:05Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosalasi_Ahmadiyya_Owódé-Yewa.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mosalasi Ahmadiyya Owódé-Yewa]] Umusigiti wa Mosalasi Ahmadiyya owode-yewa (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Mosalasi Ahmadiyya owode-yewa mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosalasi_Ahmadiyya_Ow%C3%B3d%C3%A9-Yewa.jpg</ref> m1ozihmr7mb73uerdtt73fjhedba48o 0 9068 82084 82077 2022-02-19T03:48:57Z Jonathan5566 9932 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/5.150.17.124|5.150.17.124]] ([[User talk:5.150.17.124|talk]]): Rvv sponsor by TwinkleGlobal！ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Apo_legislative_Quarters_Juma'at_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti munini wa Apo legislative Quarters Juma uri mu mujyi wa abuja muri Nijeriya]] Umusigiti wa Apo legislaion quarters juma (izina mu [[Icyongereza|Icyongereza:]] ''Apo legislaion quarters juma'at mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] mu mujyi wa [[Abuja]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apo_legislative_Quarters_Juma%27at_Mosque.jpg</ref> 7jiu0l8ryom0ynhrwudx1qtys082s29 0 9069 78905 78904 2021-08-28T18:57:29Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Peak_of_ilorin_central_mosque.jpg|thumb|Peak of ilorin central mosque]] [[Dosiye:Central Mosque, Ilorin.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''ilorin'' ]] [[Dosiye:Ilorin central mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''ilorin'' ]] Umusigiti wa Peak of ilorin (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Peak of ilorin central mosque'') muri [[Nijeriya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peak_of_ilorin_central_mosque.jpg</ref> dze8bbkh9blxvec0ffa829hiqatq6yv 0 9070 78630 2021-08-25T19:53:54Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Touba_(senegal)_2006.JPG|thumb|Mosquée Touba (senegal) 2006]] [[Dosiye:Mosque_under_Construction,_Touba,_Senegal.jpg|thumb|Iyubakwa ry'umusigiti wa Touba, Senegal]] Umusigiti wa Touba (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Touba mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosque_under_Construction,_Touba,_Senegal.jpg#filelinks</ref> akpb56y849um2seajr3tfp5l6bpbnzu 0 9071 78631 2021-08-25T19:59:06Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Ngalick.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ngalick (Mosquée de Ngalick) muri Senegal]] Umusigiti wa Ngalick (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Ngalick'') mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Ngalick.jpg</ref> fsyzdp24eg5cktmes3ref8vaevbe2z3 0 9072 78633 78632 2021-08-25T20:11:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Elinkine5.jpg|thumb|UMusigiti wa Elinkine]] Umusigiti wa Elinkine (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Elinkine Mosque'') wo muri [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elinkine5.jpg</ref> 673tyo6r59reolrwtp4985dowfomddx 0 9074 78763 2021-08-27T03:06:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MosqueeFassKahone1.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa FassKahone wo mu igihugu cya senegali]] Umusigiti wa '''Fasskahone''' (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Fasskahone'') mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MosqueeFassKahone1.jpg</ref> 9c9424ofynrtea65oge51orhbzpov5f 0 9075 78914 78764 2021-08-29T03:50:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Photo_MOSQUEE_REFANE.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa REFANE]] [[Dosiye:Mos_Refane.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'Umusigiti wa Refane mu igihugu cya senegali]] [[Dosiye:Population Refane.jpg|thumb|ikarita y'agace ka Refane]] Umusigiti wa Refane (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Refane'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mos_Refane.jpg</ref> 4vmlaks0qv75jh1k5fsh9ec1ttu96gw 0 9076 78913 78765 2021-08-29T03:48:43Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Ndoussoudji.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ndoussoudji (Mosquée de Ndoussoudji)]] [[Dosiye:En route vers Ndoussoudji.JPG|thumb|agace ka ''Ndoussoudji'']] Umusigiti wa Ndoussoudji (Izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Ndoussoudji)'' mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Ndoussoudji.JPG</ref> <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mosques_in_Senegal</ref> foijerr7dkhkk23h77crojxc4prfrrn 0 9077 78766 2021-08-27T03:36:28Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ToubabDialaw-MOsquée.JPG|thumb|Imiterere y'Umusigiti wa ToubabDialaw (ToubabDialaw-MOsquée)]] Umusigiti wa ToubabDialaw ( izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''ToubabDialaw-MOsquée)'' uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Senegali|Senegali.]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ToubabDialaw-MOsqu%C3%A9e.JPG</ref> resdjh6iu6oxgtnume6sppftcqtw7o3 0 9078 78912 78767 2021-08-29T03:45:56Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Serigne_Babacar_Sy_2.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Serigne Babacar Sy (Mosquée Serigne Babacar Sy)]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée Serigne Babacar Sy.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Serigne Babacar Sy'']] Umusigiti wa Serigne Babacar Sy ( izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Serigne Babacar Sy'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=senegal+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 47jlruc2vbzryw18uume05orwvc800i 0 9079 78911 78768 2021-08-29T03:44:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Plage_Mosquée.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza butatse umusigiti wa Plage (Plage Mosquée)]] [[Dosiye:La mosquée de la Marsa Plage.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Plage'' ]] Umusigiti wa Plage ( izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Plage_Mosquée'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plage_Mosqu%C3%A9e.jpg</ref> 0vn7pue6n1esxh7rlra2we2546mn9nh 0 9080 78910 78769 2021-08-29T03:41:59Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Saintlouis_mosquée2.jpg|thumb|Saintlouis mosquée2]] [[Dosiye:Saint_Louis_004_(31692270317).jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'umusigiti wa Saint Louis ]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée Saint-Louis.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''SaintLouis'' ]] Umusigiti wa SaintLouis (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''SaintLouis mosquee'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saintlouis_mosqu%C3%A9e2.jpg</ref> <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Louis_004_(31692270317).jpg </ref> o6wdbv7egse0rhcqnppo2i4472w7gth 0 9081 78909 78770 2021-08-29T03:40:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MbourSaly_6586.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa MbourSaly ]] [[Dosiye:MbourSaly 6640.jpg|thumb|agace ka ''MbourSaly'' ]] Umusigiti wa MbourSaly (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''MbourSaly Mosquee'') mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MbourSaly_6586.jpg</ref> f958cat81g34b6lkzho2gg0qfwsmimv 0 9082 78774 2021-08-27T06:14:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Al_Masjid.png|thumb|Al Masjid]] Umusigiti wa Al Masjid (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Al Masjid Mosque'') mu igihugu cya [[Senegali]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Al_Masjid.png</ref> lcz7o44hvm6iw8htfzntmhawhfio82w 0 9083 78900 78899 2021-08-28T11:38:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Al_Oumma_Montreuil_Seine_St_Denis_1.jpg|thumb|Mosquée Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis 1]] [[Dosiye:Grande_mosquée_d'Auvergne.jpg|thumb|Grande mosquée d'Auvergne]] * [[Umusigiti wa GD-FR-Paris]] * [[Umusigiti wa Minaret Paris Orange]] * [[Umusigiti wa Tsingoni (Mayotte)Ancienne]] * [[Umusigiti wa Mai]] * [[Umusigiti wa Langon]] * [[Umusigiti wa Grand d'Auvergne]] * [[Umusigiti wa Reims]] * [[Umusigiti wa Verte massy]] * [[Umusigiti wa Herouville St Clair]] * [[Umusigiti wa Bagnolet]] * [[Umusigiti wa Dome en verre de la grande clermont-ferrand]] * [[Umusigiti wa Massalikoul Djinane Dakar]] * [[Umusigiti wa Priere saint Denis]] * [[Umusigiti wa Mstapere]] * [[Umusigiti wa Jardin colonial a Nagent-sur-Marne.]] * [[Umusigiti wa Dammarie -Les-Lys]] * [[Umusigiti wa Paris fenetre]] * [[Umusigiti wa Hassan II|Umusigigti wa Hassan II]] * [[Umusigiti wa Essalam Fontenay Bois]] * [[Umusigiti wa Hamman Hassan II]] * [[Umusigiti wa SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab]][[Dosiye:SMH_Mosquee_Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab_1596.jpg|thumb|SMH Mosquee Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1596]] * [[Umusigiti wa Miribel]] * [[Umusigiti wa Grand Grigny]] * [[Umusigiti wa Belliville (Rhone)]] * [[Umusigiti wa AFT-RomainVille (FR93)]] * [[Umusigiti wa Neratzes Rethymnon]] * [[Umusigiti wa Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis]][[Dosiye:Mosquée_Al_Oumma_Montreuil_Seine_St_Denis_2.jpg|thumb|Mosquée Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis 2]] *[[Umusigiti wa France Miniature]] [[Dosiye:France_Miniature_-_Grande_mosquée_de_Paris_(085)_(16831502077).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa France Miniature - Grande mosquée de Paris]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=france+mosquee&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> esivuz3wnva47upm79s1g6hp3li8a9f 0 9084 79484 79483 2021-10-05T06:48:13Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwineza Rachel ni umuhanzikazi w'umunyarwanda uririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana [[File:Uwineza Rachel.jpg|thumb|Uwineza Rachel a]] uyu mwuga yawutangiye ari mutoya mu mwaka wa 2004 akaba asengera mwitorero rya Eglise Vivante akaba arinaho akorera uwo murimo <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87831/umuramyi-uwineza-rachel-ageze-kure-alubumu-imirimo-yamaboko-ye-yakubiyeho-indirimbo-6-87831.html</ref> == Ibihangano == Uwineza Rachel yakoze indirimbo nyinshi harimo niyitwa Kubw'imbabazi zawe yakunzwe nabatari bake ariko kandi azwi cyane mu gufatanya n'umuhanzi Mbonyi Islael mu kuririmbira mu bitaramo bitandukanye <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83250/rachel-wafashishije-benshi-mu-baramyi-yashyize-hanze-indirim-83250.html</ref> == Reba == 06jn4zxge5egzcbz4phm2n8vge0ppsh 0 9085 78877 78876 2021-08-27T22:19:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée012.JPG|thumb|GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée012]] [[Dosiye:GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée011.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''GD-FR-Paris'']] [[Dosiye:GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée013.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''GD-FR-Paris'']] Umusigiti wa GD-FR-Paris (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''GD-FR-Paris-Mosquée'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=france+mosquee&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> h600704er2j41t1gslpgjp23bavjuck 0 9086 78878 78843 2021-08-27T22:21:27Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Minaret_mosquee_paris_orage.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Minaret paris orage]] [[Dosiye:Grande Mosquée de Paris - Minaret.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Minaret'' ]] Umusigiti wa Minaret Paris Orange (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Minaret Paris orange Mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Minaret_mosquee_paris_orage.jpg</ref> 40dzbrfawz51o9bf50gcc8wgr9bxpm7 0 9087 78875 78844 2021-08-27T22:18:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Tsingoni_(Mayotte)_ancienne_mosquée.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Tsingoni (Mayotte) ancienne (Tsingoni (Mayotte) ancienne mosquée)]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée de Tsingoni (Mayotte) Galerie intérieure.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Tsingoni (Mayotte) Ancienne'' ]] Umusigiti wa Tsingoni (Mayotte) Ancienne (Izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Tsingoni (Mayotte) Ancienne Mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Tsingoni_(Mayotte)_ancienne_mosqu%C3%A9e.jpg</ref> 63pvd9mx1ayay05oufm993l8ye53osn 0 9088 78880 78845 2021-08-27T22:27:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_mai_2013-.JPG|thumb|Imiterere y'Umusigiti wa mai (Mosquee de Mai)]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée mai 2013*.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Mai'']] Umusigiti wa Mai (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Mai'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_mai_2013-.JPG</ref> 3w8val5b17k16pon08gp7edyse67cqy 0 9089 78874 78846 2021-08-27T22:17:23Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Langon_Mosquée.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Langon (Langon Mosquée)]] [[Dosiye:Langon La Mosquée.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Langon'']] Umusigiti wa Langon ( izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''mosquee de Langon'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langon_Mosqu%C3%A9e.jpg</ref> 09083jt1vft3ounbwnvn7pcm3xq2vcq 0 9090 78847 2021-08-27T20:11:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grande_mosquée_d'Auvergne.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Grande d'Auvergne ( grand mosquée d'Auvergne)]] Umusigiti wa Grand d'Auvergne (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Grand d'Auvergne mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]]. <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grande_mosqu%C3%A9e_d%27Auvergne.jpg</ref> lv4jwy6zb1sokalyoa8ed2nvftbo7bc 0 9091 78873 78872 2021-08-27T22:16:07Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Reims_-_mosquée_(01).JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Reims - (Reims mosquée) ]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée reims 1101361.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Reims'' ]] [[Dosiye:Reims - mosquée (03).JPG|thumb|umusigti wa ''Reims'' ]] Umusigiti wa Reims (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Reims mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_-_mosqu%C3%A9e_(01).JPG</ref> 99uctmecylori292ley83zdpvuuqje2 0 9092 78852 78851 2021-08-27T20:38:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquee_verte_massy.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'imbere bw'umusigiti wa verte massy]] [[Dosiye:MosqueeMassy2020.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'inyuma bw'umusigiti wa Verte Massy]] Umusigiti wa Verte Massy ( izina mu [[igifaransa]]: Verte massy Mosquee) uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MosqueeMassy2020.jpg</ref> tc5hgr63jeynb34ksrmz4dw7vlrmhzz 0 9093 78850 2021-08-27T20:34:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Hérouville_St_Clair.JPG|thumb|Ubwiza bw'umusigiti wa Hérouville St Clair (Mosquée Hérouville St Clair)]] Umusigiti wa Herouville St Clair (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Herouville St Clair mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_H%C3%A9rouville_St_Clair.JPG</ref> l504d05d4q4vzsevc36zrcx8gt0mniq 0 9094 78870 78853 2021-08-27T22:11:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Bagnolet,_le_3_mai_2020.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bagnolet (Mosquée de Bagnolet)]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée de Bagnolet, de l'autre côté du périph Paris (18561079380).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Bagnolet'' ]] Umusigiti wa Bagnolet (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Bagnolet mosquee'') uherereye mu ighugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Bagnolet,_le_3_mai_2020.jpg</ref> dqyrdm40ufl1ijjqby4fl60966b5ws2 0 9095 78869 78868 2021-08-27T22:10:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dôme_en_verre_de_la_grande_mosquée_de_Clermont-Ferrand.jpg|thumb|Dôme en verre de la grande mosquée de Clermont-Ferrand]] [[Dosiye:Grande mosquée de Clermont-Ferrand.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Clermont-Ferrand]] [[Dosiye:Grande mosquée d'Auvergne.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Clermont-Ferrand]] Umusigiti wa Dome en verre de la grande clermont-ferrand (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Dôme en verre de la grande mosquée de Clermont-Ferrand'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D%C3%B4me_en_verre_de_la_grande_mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Clermont-Ferrand.jpg</ref> 4864hht88m8v0ookmvf137ptg09drqy 0 9096 78866 78855 2021-08-27T22:07:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Massalikoul_Djinâne_Dakar_2019.jpg|thumb|Mosquée Massalikoul Djinâne Dakar]] [[Dosiye:Massalikul.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Massalikoul Djinane Dakar'' ]] Umusigiti wa Massalikoul Djinane Dakar (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Massalikoul Djinane Dakar mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_Massalikoul_Djin%C3%A2ne_Dakar_2019.jpg</ref> gy0tmvfh8me3dn7c2rrl1ux5sh5gz1t 0 9097 78861 78856 2021-08-27T21:58:44Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Priere-mosquee-saint-denis.JPG|thumb|Priere-mosquee-saint-denis]] [[Dosiye:Grande mosquée de Saint-Denis-3.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Priere saint Denis'']] Umusigiti wa Priere saint Denis (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Priere saint Denis'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Priere-mosquee-saint-denis.JPG</ref> 00b0ufy585j7299iy04rkf3ku3fjddq 0 9098 78864 78857 2021-08-27T22:06:37Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:La_mosquée_de_Mtsapéré_(Mayotte)_(34746792691).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mtsapéré (Mayotte) ]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée de Mtsapéré - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Mtsapéré]] Umusigiti wa Mstapere (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mstapere mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Mtsap%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(Mayotte)_(34746792691).jpg</ref> f15ynvsz8fc0s4mxrvfhsak135378te 0 9099 78863 78858 2021-08-27T22:04:01Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_dans_le_Jardin_Colonial_à_Nogent-sur-Marne,_1918.jpg|thumb|Mosquée dans le Jardin Colonial à Nogent-sur-Marne,]] [[Dosiye:Dessin du projet de mosquée dans le Jardin Colonial, 1916.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''dans le Jardin Colonial à Nogent-sur-Marne'']] Umusigiti wa Jardin colonial a Nagent-sur-Marne (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée dans le Jardin Colonial à Nogent-sur-Marne)'' uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_dans_le_Jardin_Colonial_%C3%A0_Nogent-sur-Marne,_1918.jpg</ref> gf0dj5c7oxfmz9ntsdjsxt4i6iu35kh 0 9100 78859 2021-08-27T21:41:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dammarie-les-Lys_mosquée.jpg|thumb|Dammarie-les-Lys mosquée]] Umusigiti wa Dammarie-Les-Lys (izina mu [[Igifaransa|igifaransa:]] ''Dammarie-Les-Lys mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dammarie-les-Lys_mosqu%C3%A9e.jpg</ref> 2ajyow8xliydm4u03rtpotn43qxmrju 0 9101 78871 78860 2021-08-27T22:12:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Paris_fenêtre.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Paris fenêtre (Mosquée Paris fenêtre)]] [[Dosiye:Brousse Fenêtres et niche de la Mosquée Verte - Barth Hermann - 1913.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Paris fenêtre'']] Umusigiti wa Paris Fenetre (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée Paris fenêtre'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_Paris_fen%C3%AAtre.jpg</ref> epypggcyxhycvef8hmvy7zu385rdlku 0 9102 78862 2021-08-27T22:00:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Essalam_Fontenay_Bois_1.jpg|thumb|Mosquée Essalam Fontenay Bois ]] Umusigiti wa Essalam Fontenay Bois (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée Essalam Fontenay Bois'' ) uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosqu%C3%A9e_Essalam_Fontenay_Bois_1.jpg</ref> dw2w9vnzg53g0ue2h019lt7npkj4zne 0 9103 78865 2021-08-27T22:06:56Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hammam,_mosquée_de_Hassan_II_(Casablanca,_Maroc)_(15561659860).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Hammam de Hassan II (Casablanca, Maroc) ]] [[Dosiye:Hammam,_mosquée_de_Hassan_II_(Casablanca,_Maroc)_(15746509615).jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'umusigiti wa Hammam de Hassan II (Casablanca, Maroc.]] Umusigiti wa Hamman Hassan II (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Hammam, mosquée de Hassan II'' muri [[Casablanca]], [[Maroke]] 01fovy3hwbeqovz5w4310qoiaps12tz 0 9104 78901 78890 2021-08-28T18:45:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SMH_Mosquee_Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab_1576.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1576]] [[Dosiye:SMH_Mosquee_Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab_1596.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1596]] [[Dosiye:SMH Mosquee Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab 1582.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab'' ]] Umusigiti wa SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab (Izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''SMH Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab mosquee'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]]. <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=SMH+Omar-ibn-Al-Khattab&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> awkcqzskk132r11dy5ipnvorzfmvgd0 0 9105 78892 78891 2021-08-28T09:55:33Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Miribel_(Ain)_en_juin_2019_(4)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Miribel (Ain)]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Miribel_(Ain)_en_juin_2019_(2).jpg|thumb|Mosquée de Miribel (Ain) en juin 2019]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Miribel_(Ain)_en_juin_2019_(1).jpg|thumb|Mosquée de Miribel (Ain) en juin 2019]] Umusigiti wa Miribel (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquee de Miribel'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Mosquee+de+Miribel&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 1ar9iwrsbv8jxr88pjks61hsw0j9xrb 0 9106 78893 2021-08-28T10:04:31Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Grande_Mosquée_de_Grigny_en_Novembre_2017.jpg|thumb|Grande Mosquée de Grigny]] Umusigiti wa Grand Grigny (Izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Grande Mosquée de Grigny)'' uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Grigny_en_Novembre_2017.jpg</ref> bznpqy4tatce85rvk1jbhq19wifu5h6 0 9107 78902 78894 2021-08-28T18:48:25Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_de_Belleville_(Rhône).JPG|thumb|Mosquée de Belleville (Rhône)]] [[Dosiye:Église_Notre-Dame_de_Belleville_(Rhône)_2017_(2).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Belleville (Rhône) ]] [[Dosiye:Panneau mosquée de Belleville.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Belleville'']] Umusigiti wa Belliville (Rhone) (Izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée de Belleville (Rhône'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=belleville+rh%C3%B4ne+mosquee&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> m1vwzjttnol7tgiczreb5ymr1d4cx3j 0 9108 78895 2021-08-28T10:22:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_AFT_-_Romainville_(FR93)_-_2021-01-07_-_2.jpg|thumb|Mosquée AFT - Romainville (FR93) ]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée_AFT_-_Romainville_(FR93)_-_2021-01-07_-_1.jpg|thumb|Mosquée AFT - Romainville (FR93)]] Umusigiti wa AFT-RomainVille (FR93) (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''AFT-RomainVille mosquee'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=AFT-RomainVille+%28FR93%29&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> pqmotc4znngq0qwtad3n6rk4dlf44h7 0 9109 78903 78896 2021-08-28T18:51:20Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Neratzes_(Réthymnon).JPG|thumb|Mosquée Neratzes (Réthymnon)]] [[Dosiye:Rethymno_-_Neratzes-Moschee4.jpg|thumb|Rethymno - Neratzes-Moschee4]] [[Dosiye:Rethymno - Neratzes-Moschee5.jpg|thumb|Rethymno yo ku musigiti wa Neratzes]] Umusigiti wa Neratzes Rethymnon (izina mu [[igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée Neratzes (Réthymnon'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Neratzes+Rethymnon&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> cemialhobt0ox0o7o78hxx3fic6x1j4 0 9110 78897 2021-08-28T11:28:41Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Al_Oumma_Montreuil_Seine_St_Denis_2.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis ]] [[Dosiye:Mosquée_Al_Oumma_Montreuil_Seine_St_Denis_1.jpg|thumb|Mosquée Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis 1]] Umusigiti wa Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: ''Mosquée Al Oumma Montreuil Seine St Denis'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Mosqu%C3%A9e+Al+Oumma+Montreuil+Seine+St+Denis&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 1gbfdy8wna5eml5qqf8cg9f1mlce1gk 0 9111 78971 78898 2021-08-30T08:53:34Z Ndori Steven 9916 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:France_Miniature_-_Grande_mosquée_de_Paris_(085)_(16831502077).jpg|thumb|France Miniature - Grande mosquée de Paris (085) ]] [[Dosiye:Minaret_mosquee_paris_orage.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa France Miniature]] Umusigiti wa France Miniature (izina mu [[Igifaransa]]: France Miniature - Grande mosquée de Paris) uri mu igihugu cy[[Ubufaransa|'ubufaransa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:France_Miniature_-_Grande_mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Paris_(085)_(16831502077).jpg</ref> <references group="i" /> es9cwem47f4wgfaj170a3zpe8knt8ke 0 9112 78928 2021-08-29T18:18:59Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Parviz_Davoodi_Iranian_Vice_President.jpg|thumb|Parviz Davoodi Iranian Vice President]] [[Dosiye:Parviz_Davoodi_2016.jpg|thumb|Parviz Davoodi 2016]] [[Dosiye:Officials_met_with_the_Supreme_leader_of_Iran_-_February_19,_2007.jpg|thumb|Parviz Davoodi yasuye abayobozi b'ikirenga b'inkiko]] Parviz Davoodi ni Umunya Iran wavutse kuwa 5 Gashyantare 1955 mu mugi [[Tehran]], [[Irani|Iran]]) niwe visi perezida wa mbere wa Iran kuva (11 Nzeri 2005 to 17 Kamena 2009)<ref>https://prabook.com/web/parviz.davoodi/2121425</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parviz_Davoodi</ref> <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parviz_Davoodi_Iranian_Vice_President.jpg</ref> q5jw0u771alewi8f6rf4239tor15xm7 0 9113 79010 78930 2021-08-30T13:44:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gaddafi Mosque.jpg|thumb|National Mosque of Uganda, Gadaffi Mosque]] [[Dosiye:Gaddafi_Mosque_uganda.jpg|thumb|Gadaffi Mosque uganda]] Umusigiti wa Gadaffi (izina mu [[icyongereza]]; ''Gadaffi mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cy' [[Ubugande|Ubuganda]] 52ioi05ngok1ksemqdxa02qv60ei8rg 0 9114 78932 2021-08-29T20:06:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rural_Mosque,_Uganda_(15403634009).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Rural muri Uganda]] Umusigiti wa Rural (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Rural Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande|ubuganda]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rural_Mosque,_Uganda_(15403634009).jpg</ref> 3mz7u8snm49dkelnzdx0l6dmzqdvh14 0 9115 79033 79009 2021-08-30T19:37:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mengo_mosque.jpg|thumb|Mengo mosque]] [[Dosiye:Rural_Mosque,_Uganda_(15403634009).jpg|thumb|Rural Mosque, Uganda ]] #[[Umusigiti wa Gadaffi]] #[[Umusigiti wa Rural]] # [[Umusigiti wa Kampala|Umusigiti wa Kampara]] # [[Umusigiti wa Mengo]] # [[Umusigiti wa Jinjia]] # [[Umusigiti wa Ahmadiyya Muslim]] # [[Umusigiti wa Laika]] # [[Umusigiti wa Kibuli]] # [[Umusigiti wa Kasubi masgid Tawheed]] # [[Umusigiti wa Aga Khan]] # [[Dosiye:Laika ac Mosque (6706253583).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Laika muri Uganda]][[Umusigiti wa Masijid masturah]] 6f7yo7m6hq9wddzm20d53ae1l6i284d 0 9118 79421 79420 2021-09-17T00:54:16Z Pboboc 10062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Johann_Sebastian_Bach.png|thumb| Johann Sebastian Bach, 1746[[Dosiye:Johann_Sebastian_Bach_signature.svg|center|frameless| Umukono wa Bach]]]] [[Dosiye:Bachsiegel.svg|thumb| "JSB" ]] '''Johann Sebastian Bach''' (21 Werurwe 1685 - 28 Nyakanga 1750) yari umuhimbyi w’Ubudage. Bach afatwa nkumwe mubahimbyi bakomeye mumateka yuburengerazuba. Yagize ingaruka ku bahimbyi nka Mozart, Brahms na Beethoven, kandi azwiho ubwiza n'uburemere bw'umuziki we. Ari mubahimbyi bazwi cyane, kandi umuziki we ukorerwa kwisi yose.<ref>http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/bachjs.php</ref><ref>https://www.biography.com/musician/johann-sebastian-bach</ref><ref>http://www.baroquemusic.org/biojsbach.html</ref><ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/the-life-and-legacy-of-johann-sebastian-bach-bach-archiv-leipzig/OwIihCfnO_8ZJQ?hl=en</ref><ref>https://courses.lumenlearning.com/musicapp_historical/chapter/j-s-bach/</ref> [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abadage]] == Andi makuru == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuziki]] i4ux8165l31hmd2bc3sr1zql7gix5e0 0 9119 79076 79024 2021-08-31T03:15:19Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mengo_mosque.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'umusigiti wa Mengo ]] [[Dosiye:Kampala-Gaddafi Mosque.jpg|thumb|ahagaragara umusigiti wa Mengo]] Umusigiti wa Mengo (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Mengo mosque'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande|Ubuganda]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=mengo+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 2nsiewl3yi4lwcvxw1xupmgojczpz2i 0 9120 79077 79025 2021-08-31T03:17:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque_in_Jinjia.JPG|thumb|Ubwiza bw'Umusigiti wa Jinjia]] [[Dosiye:Swami Narayan Temple in Jinjia 03.JPG|thumb|urundi rusengero ruherereye muri Jinjia]] Umusigiti wa Jinjia (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Jinjia mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cy[[Ubugande|'Ubuganda]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Jinjia+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> i344yqn4r05adbvj9k91p7hrw1eh6t2 0 9121 79078 79026 2021-08-31T03:21:24Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Mosque,_Nairobi.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ahmadiyya Muslim, Nairobi]] [[Dosiye:Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Mosque.Tamale.jpg|thumb|Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosque.Tamale]] [[Dosiye:Ahmadiyya Muslim missionaries Singapore.png|thumb|uwitwa ''Ahmadiyya witiriwe imisigiti myinshi'']] Umusigiti wa Ahmadiyya Muslim (izina mu [[Icyongereza|icyongereza:]] ''Ahmadiyya Muslim mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] mu mujyi wa [[Nairobi]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Ahmadiyya+Muslim&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> edi9v69dcx9z3a1bj6qxw4u53w3xop6 0 9122 79028 2021-08-30T18:54:46Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Laika_ac_Mosque_(6706253583).jpg|thumb|Laika ac Mosque ]] [[Dosiye:Laika_ac_Mosque_(6374228915).jpg|thumb|Ubusitani bw'umusigiti wa Laika ]] Umusigiti wa Laika (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Laika Mosque'') uherereye mu mujyi wa [[Kampala|Kampara]] mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Laika+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 93yzvtsn32x20587tugjucnm2s1nqpy 0 9123 79029 2021-08-30T19:14:02Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KIBULI_MOSQUE.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa KIBULI ]] [[Dosiye:Kibuli_mosque._front_view.jpg|thumb|Uko umusigiti wa Kibuli ugaragara imbere (front view)]] Umusigiti wa Kibuli (iziana mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Kibuli mosque'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Kibuli+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> ml5yaarjnokjv2syuxomjskzzs571ag 0 9124 79079 79030 2021-08-31T03:24:41Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kasubi_Masgid_Tawheed_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Kasubi Masgid Tawheed Mosque]] [[Dosiye:KASUBI_MASGID_TAWHEED_MOSQUE.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti KASUBI MASGID TAWHEED ]] [[Dosiye:Kasubi masjid tawheed mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kasubi masgid Tawheed'' ]] Umusigiti wa Kasubi masgid Tawheed ( Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Kasubi masgid Tawheed mosque'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Kasubi+masgid+Tawheed&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> j4a0snein6ueuo3xxdnt66jgb4mvs0f 0 9125 79080 79031 2021-08-31T03:26:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:The_Aga_Khan_Mosque,_or_Ismaili_Jamatkhana.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Aga Khan or Ismaili Jamatkhana]] [[Dosiye:The_Aga_Khan_Mosque_view.jpg|thumb|The Aga Khan Mosque view]] [[Dosiye:The backyard view of the Aga Khan Mosque, or Ismaili Jamatkhana.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Aga Khan'' ]] Umusigiti wa Aga Khan (Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Aga Khan mosque'') uri mu igihugu cy'[[Ubugande|Ubuganda]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Aga_Khan_Mosque_view.jpg?uselang=rw</ref> h0zxjxl23y4p94j8fcsbdu5l7hqxzwz 0 9126 79032 2021-08-30T19:37:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Masijid_masturah.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Masijid masturah]] [[Dosiye:Masijid_masturah6.jpg|thumb|Uko Umusigiti wa Masijid masturah ugaragara imbere]] [[Dosiye:Masijid_masturah9.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'Umusigiti wa Masijid masturah]] Umusigiti wa Masijid masturah ( Izina mu i[[Icyongereza|cyongereza]]: ''Masijid masturah mosque'') uri mu gihugu cy'[[Ubugande]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Masijid+masturah+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&uselang=rw&type=image</ref> 6n5mat8ow086t8mtyv2yevuivj8ql6i 0 9127 79035 2021-08-30T19:54:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Masjed_Ngazija_mosque,_Dar_es_Salaam,_Tanzania_2017.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Masjed Ngazija, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] Umusigiti wa Masjed Ngazija ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Masjed Ngazija mosque'') uri mu mujyi wa [[Dar es Salaam]] mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=tanzania+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&uselang=rw&type=image</ref> 7e1fsst67c7ti7lgyv6joxh6sid8gik 0 9128 79081 79036 2021-08-31T03:30:32Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dar_es_Salaam_before_dusk.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya]] [[Dosiye:Dar_es_salaam_City.jpg|thumb|Dar es salaam City]] [[Dosiye:Dar_es_Salaam_Waterfront_Old_City_numbered.jpg|thumb|Icyambu cya Dar es Salaam ]] [[Dosiye:Dar es Salaam Harbour.jpg|thumb|inkombe ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam]] Dar es Salaam ni umujyi munini utuwe n'abaturage benshi mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]], sibyo gusa kandi uyu mujyi ni mukuru w' iki gihugu uzwi nka Capitali. Uyu mujyi ukorerwamo imirimo itandukanye cyane ariko irebana n'ubucuruzi kuko uhurirwamo nurujyanuruza rw'abaturage baturutse impande zose z'[[Isi|isi.]] Dar es Salaam ituwe n'amiriyoni 6 z'abaturage, uyu mujyi uri mu mijyi minini iri mu uburasiraazuba bw'[[Afurika]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam</ref> jqscjrlv27nd1q1gnyrhjfsg7s2c4ze 0 9129 79038 2021-08-30T20:36:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bamnara_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Bamnara (Bamnara mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Bamnara_Mosque_board.jpg|thumb|Bamnara Mosque board]] [[Dosiye:Bamnara_Mosque_in_stone_town.jpg|thumb|Bamnara Mosque in stone town]] Umusigiti wa Bamnara (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Bamnara mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Bamnara+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 5o9fhs3sgpf3p60uwkgoi40qumieh2q 0 9130 79082 79044 2021-08-31T03:33:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jamaat_Khana_Ismaili_Mosque,_-_Dar_es_Salaam_-_Tanzania_-_03.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Jamaat Khana Ismaili - Dar es Salaam - Tanzania ]] [[Dosiye:Jamaat_Khana_-_Zain.jpg|thumb|Jamaat Khana - Ismaili]] [[Dosiye:A corridor way to the backyard of the Aga Khan Mosque.jpg|thumb|koridor y'umusigiti wa ''Khana Ismaili'' ]] Umusigiti wa Jamaat Khana Ismaili (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Jamaat Khana Ismaili mosque'') uri mu [[Umujyi wa Dar es Salaam|mujyi wa Dar es Salaam]] mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Jamaat+Khana+Ismaili+&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 6in23iuro0xhsv61tqw18tlhyihxhex 0 9131 79051 2021-08-30T21:11:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Great_Mosque_Kilwa_Kisiwani_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Great Mosque Kilwa Kisiwani Tanzania]] [[Dosiye:Great_Mosque_of_Kilwa_Kisiwani,_11th_-_18th_cents_(15)_(28781562120).jpg|thumb|Great Mosque of Kilwa Kisiwani, 11th - 18th cents (15) (28781562120)]] [[Dosiye:Great_Mosque_of_Kilwa_Kisiwani,_11th_-_18th_cents_(7)_(28447583144).jpg|thumb|Great Mosque of Kilwa Kisiwani, 11th - 18th cents (7) (28447583144)]] Umusigiti wa Kilwa Kisiwani (Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Great mosque Kilwa Kisiwani'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Great+mosque+Kilwa+Kisiwani&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> h728x2cp2bg37vlol9pghyrbibqz8xr 0 9132 79083 79055 2021-08-31T03:35:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dodoma_Central_Mosque.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Dodoma (Dodoma Central Mosque) mu igihugu cya Tanzaniya|235x235px]] [[Dosiye:Tanzania Dodoma.png|thumb|agace gaherereyemo umusigiti wa ''Dodoma'' ]] Umusigiti wa Dodoma (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Dodoma central mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Dodoma+central+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> o9f17rcjt4qkvcrn9nw4h36vk38qu1c 0 9133 79058 2021-08-30T21:25:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Moshi_mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Moshi (Moshi mosque) wubakanywe ubuhanga butangaje ndetse n'ubwiza.]] Umusigiti wa Moshi (Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Moshi Mosque'') uyu musigiti uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Moshi+Mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> ddh838gsc6tq6bexma2rlvqvv2kw1lv 0 9134 79075 79059 2021-08-31T03:13:42Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Malindi,Bamnara_Mosque_in_Zanzibar.jpg|thumb|Malindi,Bamnara Mosque in Zanzibar]] [[Dosiye:Bamnara_Mosque_in_Zanzibar_or_Malindi_mosque.jpg|thumb|Bamnara Mosque in Zanzibar or Malindi mosque]] [[Dosiye:Bamnara,Malindi_Mosque_in_Zanzibar.jpg|thumb|Bamnara,Malindi Mosque in Zanzibar]] [[Dosiye:Juma mosque (Malindi).JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Malindi'' ]] Umusigiti wa Malindi (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Malindi mosque'') Uhererye mu mugi wa Zanzibar mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Malindi+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 5w4c1cmag0s4ybih1gemw1emh90137o 0 9135 79061 2021-08-30T21:37:31Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A_Mosque_in_Morogoro.jpg|thumb|Umusigititi wa Morogoro (Murogoro mosque) ]] Umusigiti wa Morogoro (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Morogoro Mosque)'' uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Morogoro+Mosque%29&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> j2yw99ydonfgsf6jytn1fga4c4yey1z 0 9136 79064 2021-08-30T21:47:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque_in_Ngamiani,_Tanga.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Ngamiani, Tanga (Mosque in Ngamiani, Tanga)]] Umusigiti wa Ngamiani, Tanga (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Ngamiani, Tanga mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=+mosque+in+ngamiani&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> bdtdhlbf0vpn0xdyfxxbcxar5szcet2 0 9137 79084 79068 2021-08-31T03:39:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Shia_Panjab_Mosque_in_Samarkand.jpg|thumb|Ishusho nziza yerekana umusigiti wa Shia Panjab ]] [[Dosiye:The_Shia_Mosque,_Tbilisi.jpg|thumb|The Shia Mosque, Tbilisi]] [[Dosiye:Narikala Fortress and Shia Mosque in Tbilisi.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Shia ]] Umusigiti wa Shia (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: Shia mosque) uri mu igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Shia+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 14nld7p0g3tir3fuicvpx07cvqnfufp 0 9138 79071 2021-08-30T22:24:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Suburban_Kampala.jpg|thumb|Suburban Kampala]] [[Dosiye:Uganda_-_Downtown_Kampala.jpg|thumb|Uganda - Downtown Kampala]] Kampara ni Umurwamukuru w'igihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]], uyu mujyi ni munini cyane ugereranyije na n'indi mijyi y'iki gihugu, [[Kampala|Umujyi wa Kampala]] ituwe n'abaturage 1,680,000 ndetse ugabanyijemo uduce dugatandukanye Kampala Central Division, Kawempe Division, Makindye Division, Nakawa Division, and Rubaga Division <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampala</ref> b7v3vsphwkn6yccujykivtrarh6whq2 0 9139 79270 79241 2021-08-31T20:47:45Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jamia_Mosque.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Jamia ]] [[Dosiye:Jamia Mosque (Nairobi) 02.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Jamia'' ]] Umusigiti wa '''Jamia''' (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Jamia Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> hm7m7o6mdr7r9h81e4q4jyar2y7ygu3 0 9140 79242 2021-08-31T18:56:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kenya_Colony._Nairobi._The_Indian_mosque_LOC_matpc.00373.jpg|thumb|Kenya Colony. Nairobi. The Indian mosque LOC matpc.00373]] [[Dosiye:Kenya_Colony._Nairobi._MacMillan_Library_and_the_Indian_mosque_LOC_matpc.00372.jpg|thumb|Kenya Colony. Nairobi. MacMillan Library and the Indian mosque LOC matpc.00372]] Umusigiti wa Kenya colony ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Kenya colony, Nairobi, the indian Mosque'') uherereye mu mujyi wa [[Nairobi]] mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 58n7k6ellr96y02175i6q8tev7kel3t 0 9141 79269 79244 2021-08-31T20:44:58Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jumaa_mosque,_Nairobi,_Kenya.jpg|thumb|Jumaa mosque, Nairobi, Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Jumaa Mosque.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Jumaa'' ]] Umusigiti wa Jumaaa (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Jumaa mosque)'' uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] mu mujyi wa [[Nairobi]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 3reovea4fld4hb1hrfij000pty65sfy 0 9142 79273 79245 2021-08-31T20:49:17Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bohra_mosque.JPG|thumb|Bohra mosque]] [[Dosiye:Mosque in Burhanpur (Bohra) - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Bohra'' ]] Umusigiti wa Bohra ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Bohra mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] mu mujyi wa [[Nairobi]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> <references /> <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bohra_mosque.JPG</ref> em4gv20ot9wknwj6ivuee4mhj3vvery 0 9143 79246 2021-08-31T19:15:20Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mwingi_mosque.JPG|thumb|Mwingi mosque]] [[Dosiye:Malindi,_Kenya_03.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mwingi ]] Umusigiti wa Mwingi (izina mu i[[icyongereza]]: ''Mwingi mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> fognun6oxkaxwy5zz3j39pyome1hht1 0 9144 79247 2021-08-31T19:19:07Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:LAMU_Riyadha_Mosque.jpg|thumb|LAMU Riyadha Mosque]] Umusigiti wa Lamu Riyadha (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Lamu Riyadha mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LAMU_Riyadha_Mosque.jpg</ref> s1mek1dgpfklpix5xkubverxl0jiuj3 0 9145 79274 79258 2021-08-31T20:52:28Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Khoja_mosque.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Khoja (Khoja mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Khoja_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza bw'Umusigiti wa Khoja ]] [[Dosiye:Khoja_Mosque_(Nairobi)_01.JPG|thumb|Khoja Mosque (Nairobi) 01]] [[Dosiye:Khoja Mosque (Nairobi) 02.JPG|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Khoja'' ]] Umusigiti wa Khoja (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Khoja Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khoja_mosque.JPG</ref><ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> <references /> 5rcyrauiqzkpdczlrfxee59ul1n4r4o 0 9146 79276 79251 2021-08-31T20:53:54Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rawdha_mosque.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Rwadha (Rawdha mosque)]] [[Dosiye:Malindi New Market 1.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Rawdha'' ]] Umusigiti wa Rawdha (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Rawdha mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rawdha_mosque.JPG</ref> 8nd2rgu7lbml7ps4lfko15jm17263pj 0 9147 79253 2021-08-31T19:34:34Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Juma_mosque_(Malindi).JPG|thumb|Juma mosque (Malindi)]] [[Dosiye:Juma_Mosque_(Baku)_14.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Juma ( Juma Mosque )]] Umusigiti wa '''Juma''' ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Juma Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> jvl810qvmiuntb68adhgg05s2h72y9q 0 9148 79278 79255 2021-08-31T20:55:38Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mandhry_mosque_(Mombasa)_01.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mandhry (Mandhry mosque (Mombasa)]] [[Dosiye:Mandhry_mosque_(Mombasa)_02.JPG|thumb|Mandhry mosque (Mombasa) 02]] [[Dosiye:PSM V68 D163 A street in mombasa.png|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Mandhry'' ]] Umusigiti wa Mandhry ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Mandhry mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] mu mujyi wa [[Mombasa]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mandhry_mosque_(Mombasa)_02.JPG</ref> f2snmk3u2mczkzm6g99ospt9r8rw6zp 0 9149 79279 79256 2021-08-31T20:57:56Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Takwa_Ruins_Mosque_2011.JPG|thumb|Umusigiti wa Takwa Ruins biragaragaza ko ukuze cyane]] [[Dosiye:TakwaBuilding.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Takwa'' ]] Umusigiti wa Takwa Ruins ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Takwa Ruins mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takwa_Ruins_Mosque_2011.JPG</ref> kmgk2a3ayh3jfoi54uc7fgcd573bpbu 0 9150 79257 2021-08-31T20:05:28Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mosque._Maungu_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Mosque. Maungu - panoramio]] Umusigiti wa Maungu (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Maungu mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> m0ed3z5b450hywxi4cz6d4c2y2w3uay 0 9151 79282 79259 2021-08-31T21:00:30Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gedi_Ruins_Mosque_Door.jpg|thumb|Gedi Ruins Mosque Door]] [[Dosiye:Great Mosque of Gede.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Gedi'' ]] Umusigiti wa Gedi Ruins (Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Gedi Ruins Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> k90pxj0ndyt2x0xxs8u2y5yaa4ashw8 0 9152 79284 79260 2021-08-31T21:01:46Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Malindi_-_Mosque_Sea_Breeze_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Malindi - Mosque Sea Breeze - panoramio]] [[Dosiye:Malindi - Mosque Sea Breeze - panoramio (1).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Sea Breeze ]] Umusigiti wa Sea Breeze ( Izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: Sea Breeze mosque) uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Kenya+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> 5r2f9zl664raqw6cqa90ruh51dlvnsj 0 9153 79266 79263 2021-08-31T20:43:31Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mambrui_-_Moschea_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mambrui - Moschea - panoramio]] [[Dosiye:Mambrui - Jumaa - panoramio.jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa Mambrui]] Umusigiti wa Mambrui-Moschea (Izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Mambrui -Moschea Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mambrui_-_Moschea_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> 8qmi9mqbbvbms6haqua1zhzmpmdy38o 0 9154 79287 79267 2021-08-31T21:05:13Z Protais1 9980 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mambrui_-_Jumaa_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Mambrui - Jumaa - panoramio]] [[Dosiye:2012 1007 Kismayo Streets Civilians a (8071426152).jpg|thumb|umusigiti wa ''Kismayo'' ]] Umusigiti wa Kismayo (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Kismayo mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mambrui_-_Jumaa_-_panoramio.jpg</ref> 3k908g73ilnxx4a8vq23jmcl4temfj1 0 9155 79286 2021-08-31T21:04:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Palm_Mosque_(172892127).jpeg|thumb|Palm Mosque ( Umusigiti wa Palm)]] Umusigiti wa Palm (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''Palm Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Kenya]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Palm_Mosque_(172892127).jpeg</ref> ilc8yea4hyndnlmtj3o6gi8wnpa3t75 0 9156 79304 79297 2021-08-31T21:32:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kathmiyah_Mosque_and_Taka_Mountains_in_Kassala,_Sudan.jpg|thumb|Kathmiyah Mosque and Taka Mountains in Kassala, Sudan]] [[Dosiye:Khatmiyya_mosque_columns.jpg|thumb|Khatmiyya mosque columns]] Umusigiti wa Kathmiyah (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: Kathmiyah Mosque) uri mu igihugu cya [[sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=sudan+mosque&title=Special:MediaSearch&go=Go&type=image</ref> n7cses6wrih26w23skuosjo8ebmzm9h 0 9157 79303 2021-08-31T21:30:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Faruq_Mosque,Khartum.jpg|thumb|Farouq Mosque,Khartum]] [[Dosiye:Farouq_mosque_(Khartoum)_001_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Farouq mosque (Khartoum) 001 (cropped)]] Umusigiti wa Farouq Khartum (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: Farouq mosque Khartum) uri mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] 11bg0zqz2dggo5kfzl2vtnvz802j6hp 0 9158 79313 2021-08-31T21:40:10Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Omdurman_mosque-1.JPG|thumb|Omdurman mosque (Umusigiti wa Omdurman)]] Umusigiti wa Omdurman (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Omdurman Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Omdurman_mosque-1.JPG</ref> r93del10p8v8gsz9rq35fqr72tyblx4 0 9159 79318 2021-08-31T21:46:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Adabbah_mosque_(34634910025).jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Adabbah (Adabbah mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Adabbah (Izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Adabbah mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adabbah_mosque_(34634910025).jpg</ref> dmj0ldat8c4yq94fi9vksiawo4gn6f1 0 9160 79325 2021-08-31T21:50:19Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:El_Nour_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa El Nour ( El Nour Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa El Nour (izina mu [[Icyongereza]]: ''El Nour Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Nour_Mosque.jpg</ref> a15ee89u4ry26zenv5vt5nn6y54ufzr 0 9161 79328 2021-08-31T21:53:47Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sudanese_mosque,_mid-19th_century.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Sudanese ( Sudanese mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Sudanese ( izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Sudanese Mosque'') uherereye mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sudanese_mosque,_mid-19th_century.jpg</ref> ln7w551sj170qxkkpwnhb9hhkmeit2q 0 9162 79331 2021-08-31T21:56:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Four_Tower_Mosque.jpg|thumb|Umusigiti wa Four Tower ( Four Tower Mosque)]] Umusigiti wa Four Tower (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Four Tower Mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[Sudani]] <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_Tower_Mosque.jpg</ref> b4a4yaee9zvf1qgscssl6sbiyrmr1cp 0 9163 79333 2021-08-31T21:59:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 #WPWP #WPWPRW wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Suakin,el-Geyf_mosque.jpg|thumb|Suakin,el-Geyf mosque]] Umusigiti wa Suakin, el-Geyf (izina mu [[icyongereza]]: ''Suakin, el-Geyf mosque'') uri mu igihugu cya [[sudani]] 2v5atzsq2265lxmql8hixv1m5sy11pa 0 9165 79519 79372 2021-10-18T17:12:35Z 217.113.250.48 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Léon Mugesera''' (wavutse 1952)  ni umugabo wo mu Ruanda kandi yahoze atuye i Québec , muri Kanada . Yirukanywe muri Kanada kubera ijambo rirwanya kurwanya abatutsi abamunenga bavuga ko ari intangiriro ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994.<ref>https://www.lapresse.ca/international/afrique/2020-11-27/affaire-leon-mugesera/le-rwanda-condamne-pour-traitement-cruel-et-inhumain.php</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Léon Mugesera |- !Yavutse |1952 (imyaka 68–69), Gisenyi |- !Ishyaka rya politiki |[[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] |- !Uwo mwashakanye |Gemma Uwamariya |- | colspan="2" | |- !Kwemeza |Wanga Imvugo yo kurwanya abatutsi mu 1992 |- !Gufungirwa kuri |Gereza mpuzamahanga |} == Igihe mu Ruanda == Abahutu bo mu bwoko , Mugesera yabaye umwe mu bagize ishyaka ryiganje ry'Abahutu MRND , ryari rifitanye isano rya bugufi n'igisirikare. Yabaye Umuyobozi wungirije wa MRND muri perefegitura ya Gisenyi . Mu Ijambo ryatanzwe ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1992 mu Ruanda, bivugwa ko Mugesera yabwiye abayoboke b'ishyaka 1000 ATI "TWE abaturage tugomba kwishyiriraho inshingano kandi tugahanagura ubu buriganya" kandi ko bagomba kwica abatutsi kandi "bakajugunya imirambo Yabo mu ruzi rwa U Ruanda."  Aya magambo ntabwo aboneka mu busobanuro bw'iryo jambo, nk'uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yemewe imbere ya Minisitiri w'ubwenegihugu n'abinjira n'abinjira muri Kanada ku ya 8 Kanama 2003. <blockquote>Ntutinye, menya ko umuntu wese udatemye ijosi ariwe uzaguca ijosi. -  </blockquote>Nyuma y'iri jambo, Minisitiri w'ubutabera w'u Rwanda, Stanislas Mbonampeka , yatanze icyemezo cyo kumuta muri yombi azira gukurura urwango. Yahunze n'umuryango we abanza kujya mu ngabo z'u Rwanda hanyuma ahungira mu mujyi waQuebec muri Québec , muri Kanada . Nyuma yaho gato, Mbonampeka yeguye ku kuba minisitiri w'ubutabera mu rwego rwo kwamagana. == Canadá == Muri Kanada, Mugesera n'umuryango we bahageze ari impunzi, ariko bahita bahabwa status yaresidente permanente. Mugesera yabonye akazi ko kuba umwarimu kuriUniversité Laval. == Inyandiko y'ibirego by'intambara == Philip Gourevitch, umwanditsi wa ''Deseamos informarle que mañana nos''bazica ''hamwe n'imiryango yacu'' , bavuga ko ijambo Mugesera yavuze mu 1992 ryahaye imbaraga zikenewe hysteria yo kurwanya abatutsi yateje jenoside, agira ati: "[Mugesera] ni umwe mu ba mbere bagiye mu ijambo rikomeye mu ruhame bakavuga bati: 'Reba, amakosa yacu mu bihe byashize hamwe n'abatutsi bake ni ukubemerera kubaho, kubemerera kubaho. Tugomba kubikuraho.'  Nta bisobanuro byatanzwe mu busobanuro bw’iryo jambo, kuko bwatanzwe mu nyandiko yemewe na Minisitiri w’ubwenegihugu n’abinjira n’abinjira muri Kanada ku ya 8 Kanama 2003. == Gahunda yo koherezwa == Mu 1995, abanyamategeko ba leta ya Kanada batangiye kumva koherezwa Mugesera. Inkiko ebyiri z'abinjira n'abasohoka zategetse ko yirukanwa, ariko,Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwaKanada rwatesheje agaciro imyanzuro. Ubutabera Robert Décary, yandikira Urukiko, yavuze ko nta kimenyetso gihuza ijambo ryo mu 1992 na jenoside yabaye nyuma y'imyaka ibiri. Mu manza zose Mugesera yari ahagarariwe n'umunyamategeko wa QuébecGuy Bertrand . Ku ya 1 Kanama 2001, Mugesera yasohoye itangazo, asaba ko hashyirwaho urubanza hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya rya Kanada rirwanya ikiremwamuntu n'icyaha cy'intambara. Icyemezo cy'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire nyuma cyahinduwe una decisiónya 8-0 yaCorte Suprema de Canadáku ya 28 Kamena 2005, rwemeje icyemezo cyo kohereza mbere. Kwirukanwa byatinze kubera impungenge z’uko hashobora gukoreshwa igihano cy’urupfu mu Rwanda,  u Rwanda rwakuyeho igihano cy’urupfu mu 2007.  Mugesera yahise atangira kurwanya iyimurwa rye atinya ko yakorerwa iyicarubozo mu Rwanda.  Kubera ko Kanada yanga kohereza umuntu ushobora kwicwa urubozo, Kigali yahaye Kanada "ibyiringiro by’ububanyi n’amahanga" ku bijyanye n’ubuvuzi bwa Mugesera. Ku ya 23 Mutarama 2012, umucamanza w’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Québec yanze icyifuzo cya Léon Mugesera cyo kwirinda koherezwa. Mugesera yirukanywe ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Montreal uwo munsi saa yine z'ijoro. Ku ya 15 Mata 2016, Mugesera yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n'urukiko rwo mu Rwanda. == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Inyandiko y'Icyongereza y'ijambo rya Léon Mugesera, ryatanzwe ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1992 == Reba kandi == * Protais Zigiranyirazo [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abahutu]] [[Category:Abagabo]] htsdv3a24wfhg6u8pr8jlgo6px2cudn 0 9166 83306 79359 2022-05-10T19:28:41Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] l0vtwla7mtik6kmj8pijvbhiakkbbuq 0 9167 79377 79376 2021-09-08T20:26:38Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Osama bin Laden (cropped).jpg|thumb]] Osama Bin Laden (1957-2011) yari iterabwoba rizwi ku isi kubera ibitero byagabwe kuri ambasade ya Kenya yo mu 1998 ndetse n'ibitero bizwi byo ku ya 11 Nzeri 2001, mbere y’isabukuru y'imyaka icumi yari aherereyemo yicwa n'ingabo z'Amerika. 7yd06otkxjo6x9g3ont0syokp3zg7zm 0 9168 79382 79381 2021-09-08T20:41:11Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Linkini.JPG|thumb]] '''Linkin Park''' ni band [[Amerika]] ya ''rock'' ubundi kuva Agoura Hills , [[California]]. Iri tsinda ryashinzwe mu 1996, ryabanje rigizwe na Mike Shinoda , Dave Farrell , Joe Hahn , Brad Delson , Rob Bourdon na Mark Wakefield , aba nyuma bakaba amajwi akomeye. Muri uwo mwaka, itsinda ryatangiye imirimo yabo ya mbere ya muzika yigenga hanyuma nyuma yibyo bandika ibikoresho byabo byambere byitwa ''Xero.''; icyakora ntabwo batsinze cyane mugushakisha label yanditse kuko ntamuntu numwe wagaragaje ko ashishikajwe nakazi kabo, bigatuma Mark Wakefield yegura.  Bidatinze, Chester Bennington yinjiye muri iryo tsinda nk'umuririmbyi; Iri tsinda ryerekanye bwa mbere mu ikipe ya Los Angeles kandi rishyigikiwe na Jeff Blue, icyo gihe wari visi perezida wa Warner Bros. Records , bashoboye gusinyana na label mu 1999. Izina ry’iryo tsinda ni ikinamico ku magambo yerekeza kuri Lincoln. Parike muri Santa Monika . Mu 2000 itsinda ryasohoye alubumu yabo ya mbere ''Hybrid Theory'' ;  muri ibi havuyemo ingaragu " Gukurura ", " Papercut ", " Amaherezo " na " Intambwe imwe Yegeranye "; bibiri bya nyuma, yabonye icyemezo cya zahabu muri Ositaraliya. '' Hybrid Theory'' yageze ku mwanya wa kabiri kuri ''Billboard 200'' , yari iya karindwi nziza - kugurisha alubumu yo mu myaka ya 2000,  kandi yemejwe na disiki ya diyama muri Amerika na platine nyinshi mu Burayi. '' '' Mu kane kimwe mu album, " Mu iherezo " yageze mwanya wayo neza mu mwanya wa kabiri mu rutonde ''Billboard Hot 100'' kwibera muri ibyumweru mirongo itatu n'umunani. srjkyk0aweg5hezbumoy0emmmaammqc 0 9169 79389 79388 2021-09-08T21:00:20Z 84.121.135.127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patrice Lumumba official portrait.jpg|thumb]] Patrice Emery Lumumba (1925-1961) yari umumaritiri kubera ubwigenge bwa Afurika, ku ya 30 Kamena 1960 babonye ubwigenge, ariko yarafashwe yicwa n’abacanshuro b’Ababiligi ku ya 17 Mutarama 1961. scohwukq9imjnme211ed4xxor1gk3zg 8 9170 81263 79393 2021-12-17T13:12:56Z Martin Urbanec (WMF) 8098 Maintenance: Update Growth config to new format json application/json { "GEHelpPanelAskMentor": true, "GEHelpPanelExcludedNamespaces": [], "GEHelpPanelHelpDeskPostOnTop": false, "GEHelpPanelHelpDeskTitle": "", "GEHelpPanelLinks": [ { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" }, { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Images", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" }, { "title": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing references", "text": "Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide", "id": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide" } ], "GEHelpPanelReadingModeNamespaces": [ 2, 4, 12 ], "GEHelpPanelSearchNamespaces": [ 4, 12 ], "GEHelpPanelViewMoreTitle": "", "GEHomepageManualAssignmentMentorsList": "", "GEHomepageMentorsList": "", "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsIntroLinks": { "create": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide", "image": "mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide#Images" }, "GEInfoboxTemplates": [], "GEMentorshipEnabled": true } 41gbfiq3vm4pc8kfhcjk07raq9edvsi 0 9172 83011 81016 2022-05-06T12:45:07Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Niragire marie france]] to [[Niragire Marie France]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niragire Marie France''' ni Umunyarwandakazi ukora kandi agakina filime ndetse akaba n'umushoramari<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/niragire-marie-france-wamenyekanye-nka-sonia-muri-film-yibarutse-umuhungu</ref>, niwe washinze ndetse uyoboye '''Genesis TV Rwanda,''' kandi akaba yarabashije gushobora gukina muri filime 8 zuruhererekane<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/187915</ref> == '''amasomo''' == Yize muri kaminuza ahagana za 2008 aho yigaga ubukerarugendo n' icungamutungo, arinaho yaje kugira amahirwe yo gutangira gukina filime abifashijwemo n'inshuti ye biganaga kaminuza yayirangije muri 2012.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/187915</ref> == MARIE FRANCE MU KAZI == Marie France nyuma yo kwiga yakomeje umwuga wo gukina filime abifatanya nakandi kazi kajyanye nibyo yize aho yakinnye filime nka Inzozi<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66804/umukinnyi-wa-filime-marie-france-n-umugabo-we-barizihije-umw-66804.html</ref>, Ubudasanzwe, Imbarutso, Anita nizindi kugeza 2014<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/niragire-marie-france-wamamaye-muri-cinema-nyarwanda-yagejeje-mu-rwanda-imodoka-yagatangazaamafoto/</ref> . 2014 yaje kubona akazi ko gukorera hanze y'igihugu aho yagiye muri Ghana na Zanzibar yakoreraga kampani itunganya ibijyanye na peteroli , muri 2015 yaje kugaruka mu Rwanda akora ubukwe n'umufasha we Murwanashyaka Nehema Nelson<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/niragire-marie-france-abaye-umugore-wa-mbere-ushinze-televiziyo-mu-rwanda</ref>. Kuva ubwo yagarutse muri filime atazikina gusa ahubwo ari umushoramari ndetse ari mu batunganya amashusho , nibwo yashinze Genesis Studio Production agakoreramo filime ze bwite <ref>https://domanews.rw/2020/06/12/niragire-marie-france-yashinze-televiziyo-nshya-mu-rwanda/</ref>. 2018 nibwo Genesis production yafunguye imiryango iza kwaguka 2020 ibyara tereviziyo ya Genesis TV Rwanda na Genesis.BIZ ikinyamakuru cyandika kuri murandasi.<ref>https://kglnews.com/index.php/2021/05/18/niragire-marie-france-nyuma-yo-gushinga-genesis-tv-abaye-umwe-mu-bakinnyi-ba-filime-batunze-imodoka-ihenze-mu-rwanda/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=niragire-marie-france-nyuma-yo-gushinga-genesis-tv-abaye-umwe-mu-bakinnyi-ba-filime-batunze-imodoka-ihenze-mu-rwanda</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 8107y8h3985x775axa46lnx1a2nst5x 0 9174 81014 79437 2021-12-03T20:39:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISHIMWE YVETTE''' ni rwiyemezamirimo w'Umunyarwandakazi Wavutse 1995 , akaba yarashinze Iriba Group Ltd itunganya ndetse igatanga amazi meza yo kunywa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/218983</ref> 2017 yahawe igihembo cya Queen's Young Leaders Award agihabwa n'umwamikazi w'ubwongereza yari afite imyaka 22 gusa<ref>https://www.queensyoungleaders.com/awardee/yvette-ishimwe/</ref> == ibyerekeye umuryango == Ishimwe Yvette yashyingiranywe muri 2020 numugabo we Nsengiyumva Iradukunda Yves<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/218983</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] cl57rkt4298emifyootdfilsdl5h6mi 0 9175 81013 79438 2021-12-03T20:38:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimpaye Yvette ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi yashinze ndetse ayoboye isoko rikorera kuri murandasi rya MURUKALI ONLINE SHOP yayishinze muri 2015<ref>https://africabusinesscommunities.com/tech/tech-features/startup-interview-yvette-uwimpaye-ceo-murukali-rwanda/</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] mqs38ki9t2l5dop288w45ablma0da6x 0 9176 81012 79461 2021-12-03T20:36:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayitesi Immaculee''' wavutse muri 1963 ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi washinze uruganda rutunganya Amata rwa ZIRAKAMWA MEZA DIARY rukorera mu karere ka Nyanza <ref>http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-05/02/c_139921167.htm</ref> == '''ubuzima bwe muri make''' == I'''mmaculee''' yakuze akunda kwiga, yumvaga aziga ibijyanye n'ubutabire (Physics) muri kaminuza, ubwo Yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye muri 1982 kubera ivangura rishingiye kumoko ryarangwaga mu gihugu byamubujije gukomeza inzozi ze zo kurangiza amashuri makuru na Kaminuza<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/12/30-years-of-rpf-of-shattered-dreams-and-their-restoration/</ref>, Nuko bituma ashaka akiri muto, ni umubyeyi w'abana 3. Muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi Immaculee yahitanye umugabo we, gusa ntibyamuciye intege kuko yakomeje guhata ashaka ibyiza aritunga atunga n'umuryango we<ref>http://www.primature.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Official%20Gazettes/2015%20Official%20Gazettes/Official_Gazette_no_30_of_27.07.2015.pdf</ref>. Muri 2011 yaje gukomeza amashuri ya Kaminuza muri INILAK yiga Business administration<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/ku-myaka-51-yiga-muri-kaminuza-kugira-ngo-yivure-igikomere-cy-amashuli</ref> . Byaje gutuma bimuzamurira ikizere ashinga uruganda rutunganya ibikomoka ku mata ndetse agirwa umwe muri njyanama y'akarere ka Nyanza.<ref>http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Amakuru-anyuranye/article/Nyanza-Abikorera-n-abahavuka-batangije-Sosiyete-y-ishoramari-izubaka-uruganda</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 9weup2wcgb8pknvaot3nahju79apk2m 0 9177 79464 79463 2021-09-29T14:34:04Z Orezza59 10172 /* Amavu n'amavuko */ wikitext text/x-wiki Icyuma (kiva mu [[Ikilatini|kilatini]] cultellus, kigabanya umuyaga ni ukuvuga "icyuma" cy'isuka) ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gutema. Mubisanzwe bigizwe nicyuma kimwe gifite icyerekezo kimwe cyangwa byinshi bikarishye bifatanye nigitoki. Icyuma cyakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho n'intwaro kuva mu Kibuye kugeza mu ntangiriro y'ubumuntu. Anthropologiste bemeza ko icyuma ari kimwe mu bikoresho bya mbere byakozwe n'abantu kugira ngo babeho. Icyuma cya mbere cyari gikozwe muri flint cyangwa obsidian, gikata cyangwa gisizwe ku nkombe imwe, rimwe na rimwe gifite ibikoresho. Nyuma hamwe niterambere ryo gushonga na metallurgie ibyuma byasimbuwe mbere n'umuringa, hanyuma umuringa, ibyuma nicyuma hanyuma bisimbuzwa ibyuma. Mugihe ibikoresho byahindutse mugihe, igishushanyo cyibanze gikomeza kuba kimwe. Hamwe n'akabuto n'ikiyiko, icyuma cyabaye igikoresho rusange cyo gukoresha cyane mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba byibuze kuva mu gihe cyo hagati. Uyu munsi, ibyuma byinshi bikoreshwa mugikoni. Foldaway hamwe nicyuma cyumufuka wibyuma biroroshye gutwara, kuboneka ahantu hose. Akamaro k'icyuma nk'intwaro hari ukuntu gatwikiriwe no kuvuka kw'intwaro zikora neza kandi zihariye, ariko icyuma ni impano y'ingabo zose. == Amavu n'amavuko == Inkomoko y'ibikoresho byatangiye mu mwaka igihumbi, igihe umusaruro wibyuma wateye imbere cyane. Icyuma cya mbere cyari gifite imbogamizi nyinshi: byatakaje byoroshye ubukana bwicyuma, kandi bisaba koza isuku yibara ryasizwe nibintu birimo ibiryo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugeza mu kinyejana cya 13, ibiryo byatanzwe bimaze gucibwa, no gushyira inyama nibindi biryo byakoreshejwe guhiga kugiti cyawe cyangwa kurwana. Uruganda rukora ibyuma rwose rwanditswe muri Florence guhera mu 1244, kandi mu gihe cya Renaissance, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubuhanga bwo gutunganya ibyuma, amahugurwa akomeye y’ibicuruzwa yavukiye mu bwami bwa Milan no muri Repubulika ya Venise. == Ibisobanuro == === Itegekonshinga ry'icyuma === Ibintu bikunze kugaragara mubyuma birimo imitako ikora cyangwa irimbisha imitako gusa, harimo ibice, umwobo, seriveri inyuma, hamwe na groove yo gufata. "Urusenda" rimwe na rimwe ruvugwa mu buryo butari bwo "amaraso" cyangwa "igikoma cy'amaraso" ni depression ku cyuma. Bamwe bibeshye bemeza ko iri shyamba rishyigikira gutoroka amaraso mu gikomere cyatewe nintwaro, ariko imikorere yacyo nyayo ni ukworohereza icyuma utagabanije guhangana nacyo kandi ku byuma byinshi ni ikintu cyiza gusa. Hejuru y'ibyo, umwobo uri ku cyuma urashobora kugabanya kugabanya ubushyamirane buri hagati y’icyuma n’ibikoresho arimo gutema, bigatuma icyuma cyimuka cyangwa kigakuramo imbaraga nke. Ibyuma bimwe bifite, hafi yisangano ryicyuma hamwe nigitoki, "umukufi", aho icyuma kidakaze. Umukufi mugufi ukora kugirango wirinde gufata urutoki igihe inkota ikarishye, mugihe amakariso maremare ashobora kuba nkinkunga yinyongera yintoki. Igikoresho gishobora kuba kigizwe nibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, ikoreshwa cyane ni ibiti nicyuma, ariko nibindi bikoresho byo gushushanya bikunze kuboneka. Akenshi usanga hari umwobo munsi yumukingo, igufasha kumanika icyuma, kuyihambira ku ndobo cyangwa kuyizirika ku kuboko kugirango wirinde kunyerera. Hariho amajana yibigo bikora ibyuma. Rimwe na rimwe, bibaho ko ijambo "ibyuma bidafite ingese" biboneka ku byuma byinshi bitiranya nk'ikirango cy'icyuma ubwacyo, ariko nta kindi uretse izina ry'ubwoko bw'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora icyuma. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bisobanura ibyuma bitagira umwanda, mubyukuri ibyuma bitagira umwanda byitwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Hariho amajana yandi maduka mato akora ibyuma, akenshi kabuhariwe muburyo bwihariye cyangwa gukora ibyuma byabugenewe. Gukora ni ikintu gikundwa cyane, gishoboka mugusya cyangwa gutanga ibyuma ukoresheje intoki, kubihimba cyangwa gukoresha inzira zombi. === Ibikoresho === Ubusanzwe ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma. Ibyuma byose byuma birakomeye, ni ukuvuga martensite igizwe nuburyo bwiza cyane bwa kristaline ifite ibitagenda neza muri kasike ya kristu ikomera ibikoresho. Ikorwa no gukonjesha byihuse, mumazi cyangwa amavuta, ibyuma bizanwa mubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuri ubu bushyuhe ibyuma bifata imiterere ya kristaline ya austenitis kandi, kubera ubukonje bwihuse, inyura mumiterere ya martensitike, ikomeye cyane ariko yoroheje. Kugira ngo igabanye intege nke zayo, icyuma gikorerwa inzira yubushyuhe igizwe no gushyushya icyuma ku bushyuhe buri munsi y’ubushyuhe bukabije mu gihe gihagije no kugikonjesha mu buryo budakabije. Icyuma cyuma akenshi gifite nikel nkeya, kuko iki kintu gikunda guhagarika austenite no mubushyuhe buke. Ibyuma bya karubone nyinshi ariko ibyuma bya chromium bitanga imbaraga cyane, ariko ingese hamwe nibishobora kwangirika niba bidahumanye, byumye kandi bisizwe amavuta. Icyuma kitagira ibyuma cyamamaye cyane kuva igice cya kabiri cyikinyejana cya 20. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ku byuma ni ibyuma birimo chromium nyinshi cyane (uburemere bwa 12-18%), bifitanye isano na karubone nyinshi hamwe na nikel nkeya. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda birwanya cyane kwangirika (nubwo ibyo byuma bidashobora kwihanganira ibyuma bifite nikel nyinshi) kuko chromium na nikel bigize okiside ihamye cyane; iyi oxyde ikora firime yo hejuru irinda ibindi bitero. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubisanzwe birimo ibice bya chromium (cyangwa ibindi byuma bivangwa), karbide. Ubu bwoko bwibyuma burazwi kuko bufite ubuzima burebure kurenza ubundi (karbide irakomeye kuruta ibyuma), biragoye gukarisha no kubora hamwe ningorabahizi, ibyuma bito ("karubone") ibyuma (ibice bimwe byubutaka ntibishobora kuba byoroshye ikarishye), nubwo ibizamini byerekana ko ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bifata neza kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe. Ubukomezi nimbaraga zibyuma bidafite ingese bikunda kuba munsi yicyuma kivanze. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga na kimwe cya kabiri kirimo D2, S30V, 154CM, ATS-34, na 440C. Ubwoko bwiza bwibyuma bidasanzwe birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibyuma; ibindi bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa, nubwo ibi bitamenyerewe cyane kuruta ibyuma. Abakora ibyuma nka Spyderco na Benchmade bakunze gukoresha 154CM, VG-10, S30V na CPM440V (izwi kandi nka S60V), hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi n’ibikoresho bikomeye nka D2 na M2. Abandi bakora rimwe na rimwe bakoresha titanium, cobalt na cobalt. Byose uko ari bitatu birahindagurika kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese, ariko bifite itsinda rinini ryabashyigikiye nubwo bahangayikishijwe ningaruka zubuzima bwa cobalt. Ubuhanzi bwumwimerere bwo guhimba ibyuma bya Damasiko birashobora gutakara, ariko ntibibe ikirangantego cyanditse, ubu izina ryakoreshejwe mubyerekeranye nubusaza buke ariko butari buke bwibikoresho bipfunyika, bikora ibishushanyo mbonera. Igiciro cyibikorwa bigabanya imikoreshereze yicyuma cyegeranijwe. Mubisanzwe harakenewe cyane amavuta avanze mubyiciro byingirakamaro, umufuka cyangwa kurwanira ibyuma kuruta uko biri mubyiciro byicyuma cyigikoni. Vanadium na molybdenum nibyingenzi bivanga ibyuma, kuko bituma ingano yintete iba nto, bityo bikongerera imbaraga nimbaraga. Vanadium, ndetse wenda na molybdenum, nayo yongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, nubwo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na CATRA (ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi ryashinzwe n’inganda zimwe na zimwe zivanze n’ibiti) nta ngaruka zigeze zirwanya ruswa. === Ibikoresho byihariye === Bamwe mubakora nka Kyocera bakora ibyuma byububiko bwicyuma cyigikoni; ibi byuma birangwa no gukomera gukomeye no kurwanya gukata. Nyamara, ibikoresho biroroshye kandi birashobora gukata no kumeneka byoroshye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntibisabwa koza mumashini yoza ibikoresho. Okiside ya Zirconium ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubutaka kandi iracumura kugirango ibone ishusho yifuza. No muri iki gihe, ibyuma bipakira ibyuma, byitwa na damascus, biri ku isoko, aho bikozwe mu mwenda w'imbere kugira ngo bigaragare, kugira ngo hubakwe ibyuma byiza. Nicyuma gikoreshwa kuva 1000 AD. n'abakora ibyuma bikomeye mubwoko buzwi cyane ni katana yUbuyapani, yahimbwe mubyuma byera tamahagane byakozwe nitanura rimwe mubuyapani hanyuma bigabanywa kubacuzi batandukanye. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * (IT) [https://il-coltello.com/ Coltello], marchio italiano, Il-Coltello, , Inc. Hindura kuri Wikidata * (EN) [https://www.britannica.com/technology/knife Icyuma], kuva muri Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Hindura kuri Wikidata 7wa91pxhq88lx3vaph3uxvo00bvwblf 0 9178 84203 83567 2022-05-19T07:59:25Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* ubuzima bwe muri make */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingabire Marie Immaculée.jpg|thumb|ingabire marie Immaculee]] '''Ingabire Marie Immaculee''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse 1961 byunvikana ko afite imyaka 61, Ingabire akaba Ari umuyobozi wa Transparency International-[[Rwanda]] ukora akazi ko kurwanya ruswa n'akarengane. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-ingabire-marie-immaculee-ugize-imyaka-58-ataradefiriza-video</ref> == ubuzima bwe muri make == Immaculee ni umunyarwanda wakuriye mu buhungiro mubihugu bya [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]] na [[Uburundi|Burundi]], yaje kugaruka mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] mu 1994, mbere ya 1994 yari afite umugabo bari bamaranye imyaka 10 bahita batandukana ,Marie immaculé afite abana 6 arera harimo abo yabyaye nabo atabyaye.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ubuzima-bushaririye-bwa-ingabire</ref> == Amashuri yize == Ms Ingabire Immaculé afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse Mubijyanye n'uburinganire n'uburenganzira bwa muntu. Mur university of petoria mur south africa. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi mu itangaza makuru . N'itumanaho muri Université de droits de homme de Strasbourg muri France. Ingabire Marie immaculé akaba ari umuntu uharanira Uburenganzira bwa muntu cyane cyane ku bibazo, By' uburinganire no kurwanya Ruswa. <ref>https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-opera-mini-android&sxsrf=ALiCzsYUvXf5QruX8Ye6hufLemHWvopAmw%3A1652547133674&oq=Ingabi&aqs=mobile-gws-lite.0.35i39l2j0l3...5&source=hp&q=ingabire+marie+immacul%C3%A9e+biography</ref> da REBA tp4mvye9bgafe1ohv3gbw6fwejdq4hs 0 9180 81011 81010 2021-12-03T20:34:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nzayisenga Sophie.jpg|alt=gucuranga Inanga|thumb|Nzayisenga Sophie]] '''Nzayisenga Sophie''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse muri 1978, uzwi cyane mu kuririmba injyana ya gakondo no gucuranga Inanga neza cyane<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/17400</ref>. Ubwo yarafite imyaka itandatu nibwo yatangiye uyu mwuga kuko yatozwaga na papawe umubyara Thomas Kirusu<ref>http://nileproject.org/sophie-nzayisenga/</ref> . Gucuranga Inanga byamugejeje kure kuko uretse gukora ibitaramo mu [[Rwanda]] yagiye yitabira ibitaramo mpuzamahanga harimo muri [[Malawi]] ,[[Ubwongereza]] na [[Turukiya]]<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ngarukiye-daniel-arizeza-kuziba?var_mode=calcul</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] m9y6zon3tzplsnz8cjrwtc7yjvmxb7v 0 9181 83254 83183 2022-05-10T11:03:58Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 Anita pendo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Anita Pendo.jpg|thumb|Anita pendo]] '''Anita Pendo''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] wavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] muri 1986 , ni umunyamakuru wa [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA.] == Umwuga == Anita ni umunyamakuru kuri [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA], akaba akora nka Mc aribyo umushyushyarugamba, DJ aribyo kuvanga imiziki, ikinamico,umubyinnyi aramamaza ndetse no gushabika.[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/109007#:~:text=Pendo%20was%20born%20in%20February,also%20stayed%20with%20her%20grandmother] == Ubuzima bwite == Anita yavuste 1986 muri Mengo, Uganda, niho yabaga numuryango we. Mukwezi kwa munani 1994 nibwo we numuryango we bagarutse mu Rwanda. Anita numwana wambere mubana barindwi, bavutse kubabyeyi aribo Syprien Mpabuka na Apophia Mukampabuka. Yize gufata inshingano mu gihe yabuze umubyeyi we wumugabo akiri muto, yarezwe na Mama we ariko aba kwa Nyirakuru. Anita ni umunyamuhate ndetse n umunyambaraga.[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/109007#:~:text=Pendo%20was%20born%20in%20February,also%20stayed%20with%20her%20grandmother] Pendo afite abana babiri b’abahungu Tiran wavutse muri 2017 na Ryan wavutse muri 2018 bose yababyaranye na Ndanda Alphonse.[https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uko-anita-pendo-afatanya-kurera-abana-be-n-akazi-katamuha-umwanya-uhagije-wo-kuruhuka]<references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] s6lwq8g1m9dcdzi7er84zf6wyv4jzm7 0 9182 81419 79479 2022-01-30T08:27:07Z 2A03:2880:31FF:22:0:0:FACE:B00C Imyororokere wikitext text/x-wiki Worldwide updates Imyororokere fz5dwpt9nqsw6u0artxusjgcz525or5 0 9183 83570 81084 2022-05-14T18:28:58Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tidjara Kabendera.jpg|thumb|Tidjara Kabendera]] '''Kabendera''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse muri 1978, ni umushoramarikazi wabaye umunyamakuru wa Radiyo na televisiyo y'igihugu imyaka irenga 18<ref>http://www.bwiza.com/?Ni-iki-cyihishe-inyuma-y-ugusezera-kwa-Tidjara-Kabendera-wakoreye-RBA-imyaka-18</ref>. Ni umwana wa Kabendera Shinani nawe wamenyekanye kuri radiyo Rwanda , ijwi rya Amerika na BBC<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/tidjara-amaze-imyaka-15-ku-ntebe-ya-se-shinani-wamamaye-kuri-radio-rwanda</ref>. == Ubuzima bwa Tidjara muri make == Tidjara yavukiye muri Tanzaniya aho yaje kuza mu Rwanda arangije amashuri muri Rugambwa Secondary School ndetse yiga itangazamakuru muri East African Training Institute (yafatwaga nkagashami ka Dar es Salama)<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89567/imyaka-15-irashize-tidjara-kabendera-akabije-inzozi-zo-gukumbuza-shinani-wamamaye-kuri-rad-89567.html</ref>. ,Muri 2002 yatangiriye itangazamakuru muri Tanzaniya Arusha kuri Radio 5, 2003 nibwo yaje mu Rwanda atangira gukora kuri Radio Rwanda kuva ubwo kugeza 2021<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/tidjara-kabendera-wakunzwe-cyane-muri-rba-yasezeye-ku-mirimo-ye-nyuma-y-imyaka</ref>. Tidjara ni umubeyi w'abana 4. == Mu bucuruzi == Tidjara Kabendere numwe mu banyarwandakazi binjiye mu businesi ndetse n'ubushoramari bikabahira ndetse bakagirira benshi umumaro. Tidjara numwe mu banyarwndakazi biyemeje guhangana nindwara zibasira uruhu ndetse akaba yarashinze iduka ricuruza amavuta avura indwara z'uruhu, harimo ibiheri, kumagara mumaso, amavuta menshi ndetse no gusatagarika bikaba byose bikorwa mu bimera karemano.<ref>https://kigaliupdates.com/umunyamakuru-tidjara-kabendera-yiyemeje-guhangana-nindwara-zibasira-uruhu-ashinga-iduka-ricuruza-amavuta-yuruhu-akoze-mubimera-karemano/</ref> Sibyo gusa ahubwo Tidjara yinjiye no mubucuruzi bw'imyenda aho acuruza imyenda itandukanye ariko akita cyane ku myenda yaba silamu aho ubwe ari inzobere mu kureba imyanda ishobora kubahisha umuntu ndetse igatuma agaragara neza mu ruhando rwabandi kandi yose ifite umwihariko.<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-tidjara-kabendera-yinjiye-mu_9.html</ref> Uyu mugore uzwi cyane kandi benshi bafataho urugero akomeza gushishikariza abadamu bagenzi be, gutinyuka ndetse no gushyira mubikorwa ibisubizo byibibazo byinshi bafite ndetse kenshi usanga no mubuzima bwa bagenzi babo.<ref>https://isano.rw/indi-mpamvu-yatumye-tidjara-kabendera-asezera-muri-rba/</ref> == Aho byakuwe == [[Category:Abagore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwiza]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] l0i7uumnz3aq2l2skmlia3kd2hn6rqg 0 9185 81005 79505 2021-12-03T20:23:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christella''' yavutse 1985 ,ni Umushoramarikazi w'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Uburundi|burundi]] kuri Nyina w'umurundikazi na papawe w'umunyarwanda, akaba ariwe visi perezida wa Guraride LTD Rwanda<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/byamukuye-i-washington-uko-niyonkuru-christella-yatangije-guraride-umushinga-w</ref>. == ubuzima bwe muri make == Niyonkuru yavukiye mu [[Uburundi]] , aho yaje kwimuka akajya i washington muri [[Amerika]] muri 1997, niho yakuriye ahiga amashuri kugeza arangije<ref>Byamukuye i Washington: Uko Niyonkuru yatangije Guraride, umushinga w’amagare uzahindura ingendo muri Kigali (Video) - #rwanda #RwOT (webrwanda.com)</ref>. icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza yize ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru (mass media and communications) . muri Amerika yatangiye gukorera amafaranga afite imyaka 16, ubu ni umubyeyi w'umwana umwe<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/09/on-your-bike-gurarides-ambition-to-turn-rwanda-into-a-cycling-nation/</ref>. <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] js6j7us8zil9271rk30spr1efnvkoy6 0 9186 81006 79489 2021-12-03T20:26:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uzuri K&Y''' ni kampani Nyarwanda ikora inkweto zifunguye yashinzwe nabakobwa babiri aribo [[Kevine Kagirimpundu]] na [[Ysolde Shimwe]], bayitangije muri 2013<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/10-things-you-didn-t-know-about-uzuri-k-y.html</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4i60lceh61l71nu1qrvfjenjtp8top6 0 9187 79491 2021-10-08T16:38:34Z RebeccaRwanda 9062 Amatora ya MCDC wikitext text/x-wiki Kuri uru rubuga murahasanga ibyatangajwe n abakandida biyamamariza kuba '''komite itegura amategeko ngega y'umuryango'''. abakandida babishaka bahamagariwe kwiyamamaza kuri uru rubuga ''guhera ku itariki ya 2 Kanama kugeza kuri 14 Nzeri 2021'' AoE (2021-09-15 11:59:59 UTC) . Komite biteganyijwe ko izatangirana abantu 15 kwiyamamaza ubu '''byararangiye'''. Amatora ateganyijwe ku itariki 11 kugeza kuri 24 Ukwakira 2021 AoE (2021-10-10 10:00:00 UTC – 2021-10-25 11:59:59 UTC). Hakurikijwe iko byateganyijwe set up process , abakandida barindwi ba mbere mu matora bazahabwa imyanya . abandi bakandida bazahitwamo n inteko ya wikimedia mu bundi buryo mu gihe kimwe. https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates/rw kmisnbyteeuv0z1mkhffu4oko70j8te 0 9188 83305 82357 2022-05-10T19:28:09Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Yvonne Makolo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yvonne Makolo]] 7pzyeyhmldgjkr546kxguzml0xgfyvs 0 9189 79548 79499 2021-10-21T17:10:14Z Germain92 9488 Yolande Makolo wikitext text/x-wiki == Yoland Makolo == kuwa 30 Nyakanga 2021nibwo ibiro bya [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisitiri]] wintebe byatangaje k Yoland Makolo yagizwe umuvugizi wa [[Geworugiya|Guverinoma]] muri minisiteri yububanyi namahanga nubutwererane<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/yolande-makolo-yagizwe-umuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-muri-minisiteri-y-ububanyi-n-amahanga</ref> == Amateka == Yoland Makolo yavukiye muri [[kongo]] papa we umubyara akaba ari umu kongoman wo mubwoko bwa Luba mugace bita [[Congo Brazzaville|Kassai]] na Nyina wu umunyarwandakazi<ref>https://www.kapitalafrik.com/2021/08/02/rwanda-yolande-makolo-appointed-government-spokesperson/</ref> == Agashya == Yoland Makolo ni umuvandimwe wa [[Yvonne Makolo]] uyoboye ikigo gikomeye mu Rwanda kizwi nka [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwandair]] Yolande Makolo kandi ni inshuti cyane yahafi na nyakubahwa Madamu Jeannette Kagame<ref>https://www.financialafrik.com/2021/08/01/rwanda-yolande-makolo-nommee-porte-parole-du-gouvernement/</ref> umufasha wa Perezida wu [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]] == Mbereyaho == Yolande makolo yari asanzwe akora mubiro byu Umukuru w'Igihugu yari ashinzwe gukurikirana ibyerekeranye n' itangazamakuru ndetse n'itumanaho<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/yolande-makolo-yagizwe-umuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-muri-minisiteri-y-ububanyi-n-amahanga</ref> == Shakira hano == ryvj0gddwa35bcl6jqph3f1kkr555h1 0 9190 81004 79566 2021-12-03T20:21:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uzamberumwana Oda Paccy''' yavutse 06 werurwe 1990, ni umunyarwandakazi w'umuhanzi wamenyekanye mu njyana ya hiphop <ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/oda-paccy-yemeje-ko-empire-record-yagurishijwe</ref>. muri 2019 yashinze kandi ayobora Ladies Empire Records ikoreramo producer Junior multisystem.<ref>https://genesisbizz.com/Junior-Multisystem-ntiyari-umukozi-wa-Oda-Paccy</ref> afite ibihembo 2 bya salax award<ref>Just a moment... (xcvxcvd.space)</ref> == ubuzima bwe muri make == Paccy yavukiye i [[Kigali]] mu Gatsata , avuka ari umwana wa mbere mu muryango w'abana 2, yize amashuri abanza mu Gatsata, ayisumbuye ayiga Ecole Secondaire Bulinga i [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]], APEM Ruli i [[Akarere ka Gakenke|Gakenke]] na EAV Bigogwe i [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu.]]<ref name=":0">Interview: Oda Paccy avuga ko kubana kwe na Lick Lick byagenwa n’Imana - IGIHE.com</ref> == indirimbo za Paccy == -Mbese Nzapfa -Umunsi umwe -boom boom -Miss President -amaganya -Ninde -G.O.L -Gangster Love -music -Biteye Ubwoba -Uwo ninde -Ndi Uwawe -Nyitaho -miss president part two<ref name=":0" /> <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] s6kyecg2es5vkx81d445qf3wxl9i22x 0 9191 79531 79530 2021-10-19T20:07:28Z Germain92 9488 Inkuyu wikitext text/x-wiki == Inkuyu == ubusanzwe inkuyu ni ibyatsi byimeza bisanzwe ariko mu Rwanda bigahabwa agaciro gakomeye kubera akamaro bikora ku [[Inkamire|Inka.]] == Akamaro == Inkuyu ni ubwatsi buzwiho guhanagura inka mu [[Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo kuyigirira isuku no kurwanya ibirondwe nkudukoko duto wagereranya nibiheri dukunda kwibasira Inka zidafite isuku<ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/ntibavuga-bavuga-ibyerekeye-inka-n-amata</ref>. buri gihugu gifite uko gisukura inka ariko mu Rwanda ho nuko tubigenza. == Umuco == buri gihugu kigira agaciro giha umuco wacyo ariko mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] umwihariko w' umuco wacu ushingiye ahanini ku nka gusa si ku nka gusa ahubwo nuko ariyo matungo yonyine afite amabwiriza yihariye no kuyica bifatwa nko kwica [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] == Reba == <references /> az2vmz1tqpl2uvourz7eu662o9ko4rq 0 9192 83185 79537 2022-05-09T10:37:27Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Claire kamanzi]] to [[Claire Kamanzi]] wikitext text/x-wiki claire kamanzi nu munyarwanda kazi uhagarariye RDB <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/18418</ref> == Amateka == claire Akamanzi afite impamyabumyenyi yikirenga yakuye ur kaminuza yo mur [[Amerika|america]] havard. == imirimo == yateje imbere visit [[Rwanda]] korana namakipe yohanze kugirango abakerarunjyendo baze aribenshi<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/who-appoints-clare-akamanzi-as-board-member-of-who-foundation</ref> == REBERA HANO == alkm9mo1ltn6s8imm31i90b34wq4uk5 0 9193 79546 2021-10-21T14:18:01Z Orezza59 10172 I create the katana page in Kinyarwanda language. wikitext text/x-wiki Katana (刀 cyangwa か た な?) Ni saber (icyuma kigoramye gifite impande imwe) ya cm zirenga 60. Mu kwaguka, ijambo katana rikoreshwa kenshi mugushaka inkota zose zabayapani (tachi, uchigatana, nibindi). Ikimenyetso cyubwoko bwa samurai, katana nintwaro yubunini (murimwe umuntu akoresha inkombe) hamwe no gusunika (murimwe umuntu akoresha ingingo). Yambarwa kunyerera mu rukenyerero, inkombe yerekeza hejuru ku rukenyerero rw'ibumoso (hepfo nanone niba uwambaye ari umukinnyi). Igice cya wakizashi-katana cyitwa daishō. Mubihe bimwe bituje byamateka yu Buyapani, katana yari intwaro yimihango kuruta intwaro nyayo. Umusaruro wacyo urenze uwitwa tachi mugihe cya Muromachi (nyuma ya 1392). == Ibisobanuro == Katana ni nihonto yagoramye (inkota y'Abayapani) inyerera muri obi (umukandara) yegereye hejuru, bitandukanye na tachi, inkota y'abanyamafarasi. Katana ifite ubunini burenze shaku ebyiri (inshuro ebyiri 30.2 cm) cyangwa cm 60 ariko ubu burebure bushobora gutandukana ukurikije ibihe nubuhanga bwintambara. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa n'amaboko abiri, ariko tekinike zimwe na zimwe, nka tekinike ya Miyamoto Musashi, cyangwa tekiniki zijyanye no gukoresha igisebe, zirimo gukoresha ukuboko kumwe. Ifata (tsuka), bitewe nikirere cya politiki, yari itandukanye hagati yubugari bwamaboko abiri cyangwa atatu. Tsuka itangirana numuzamu (tsuba) urinda ikiganza, ikarangirana nimpera ikoreshwa mugukubita (tsuka-gashira cyangwa kashira). Uburemere bwa katana busanzwe buva kuri garama 800 kugeza kuri garama 1,300. == Gukora == Byarangiye muri beveri, icyuma cya katana gisanzwe gihimbano kiva mubyuma bibisi byitwa tamahagane, bihinduka ibyuma byinshi. Birakomeye ku ibahasha, kandi byoroshye guhinduka kumutima, buriwese yandujwe inshuro nyinshi, hanyuma akazunguruka cyane muri forge. Hanyuma, mu gupfukirana uruvange rwibumba rwiziritse inyuma n’impande, icyuma gikorerwa "kuzimya gutoranya", bizaha intwaro imiterere ihuriweho n’ubukomere bw’imipaka ndetse no kurwanya ingaruka kuri bose. . Inzira igoye yo gukora katana iterwa nubwiza buke bwamabuye aboneka mubuyapani mbere yiki gihe. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ugusya, bikozwe na togishi ukarisha icyuma kigaragaza imiterere ya kristaline ukoresheje amabuye y'ibirunga agabanya ingano. == Mu buhanzi bw'intambara == Amahugurwa ya katana, ubwoko butanu bwamahugurwa saber akoreshwa: iaitō (大 合 刀), icyuma kidakaze (umusemburo wa aluminium na zinc) kopi ya katana; uku gutandukana kwinkota yabayapani nigikoresho cyatoranijwe cyo gutoza iaidō (↑ 合 道); bokken (木 剣), inkota ikomeye mu giti; ni intwaro ubwayo (samurai uzwi cyane Miyamoto Musashi yatsindiye duel izwi cyane na Sasaki Kojirō hamwe na bokken yakozwe mu gutema inkono mu bwato bwamujyanye aho duel). Ikoreshwa nabimenyereza iaidō kurwana, hamwe na aikido na kendo bakora imyitozo muri kata; suburitō, inkota ikomeye kandi iremereye yimbaho ​​igenewe imyitozo mugukata vacuum (suburi) mukubaka imitsi; shinai (竹刀), ikozwe n'imigano y'imigano ifashwe mu kibanza cy'uruhu; iyi saber ituma bishoboka gutwara imyigaragambyo nyayo nta kaga, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurinda umubiri, kandi ikoreshwa nabakora kendo (剣 道); shinken, ni ukuri kandi gukomeye katana; ikoreshwa cyane mugukata, nko muri batto do na tame shigiri, kurwanya intego zikoze muri matati ya tatami cyangwa matelo yazunguye. Abayobozi bakuru (dan 5 cyangwa hejuru) muri kenjutsu na iaidō ubakoreshe gukora ibizamini cyangwa gukora kata runaka. Hano hari na katana mubikoresho bigezweho, byoroshye kandi byoroshye, byemerera gutwara ibitero byinshi kandi bitagira ingaruka, bikoreshwa muri chanbara. Katana yahise irusha intwaro intwaro z’i Burayi nk’uwasambanyije ku gahato, ubuziranenge bwazo kandi butagereranywa igihe bwatangizwaga mu Buyapani. === amahuza yo hanze === * (it) [https://katana-giapponese.com/ Katana Giapponese], marchio italiano, Inc. Hindura kuri Wikidata * (en + ja) "[https://www.aoijapan.com/ Inkota y'Abayapani]" [archive], kuri www.aoijapan.com (yageze ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2020). oe91etz7cfxnv9dwnaobonnrxte6c3t 0 9194 83189 83187 2022-05-09T10:40:05Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Esther Mbabazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Esther Mbabazi]] k0hboy9i3u2y6yrbop59tvm7kuajt4w 0 9195 79555 79554 2021-10-22T16:36:06Z RWAYITARE250 10088 wikitext text/x-wiki == MUTIMAWURUGO CLAIRE UMUHANZI KAZI WAGIZWE GITIFU == Mutimawurugo claire umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi w[[Umuganzacyaro (Ziziphus mucronata)|umuhanz]]<nowiki/>i kazi uririmba [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zirimo iza politike ni z[[Ubugereki|uburere]] mbonera gihugu, kugeza ubu akaba afite ishingano zo kuba ari umunyabanga shingwabikorwa wa [[Katari|Kagari]] kwamwe m[[Umurenge wa Muhima|umurenge]] wa [[Umurenge wa Gitega|Gitega]] mu karere ka Nyarugenege.<ref>http://www.ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/Umuhanzikazi-ukomeye-mu-Rwanda-yagizwe-Gitifu-w-Akagari</ref> === INKOMOKO YU BUHANZI BWA MUTIMAWURUGO CLAIRE === Izina nyakuri ubundi ni UWINEZA Claire akaba akunda gukoresha Mutimawurogo claie mubuhanzi bwe, ubundi aririmba [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zibanda kugukangurira [[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] kurushaho guteza imbere [[u Rwanda]], yatangajeko ubuhanzibwe bwatangiye ubwo yaririmbaga muri kolari ya bana [[Ku cyumweru|kucyumweru.]]<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/mutimawurugo-yavuze-inkomoko-yubuhanzi-bwe/</ref> ,aganira ni mvahoshya yatangajeko ko no mumashuri abanza yakomeje gukunda kuririmba akajya anitabira amarushanwa yuburirimbyi<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/mutimawurugo-yavuze-inkomoko-yubuhanzi-bwe/</ref>.ageze mumashuri yisumbuye yatangiye kujya asubiramo [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zabandi bahanzi bazwi.<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/mutimawurugo-yavuze-inkomoko-yubuhanzi-bwe/</ref> rb88p31i94dhq5639v9dth7hr1mm8th 0 9196 80120 79603 2021-11-11T14:01:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwihoreye Jean Bosco Mustapha''' bakunze kwita '''BABA''' wamenyekanye cyane nka '''Ndimbati'''<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/nagiye-muri-sinema-nkuze-ariko-byahoze-bindimo-kuva-cyera-ndimbati</ref>''',''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] ukina filimi z'urwenya<ref name=":0">Ndimbati wahoze mu gisirikare, ati “Intego kwari ukubohora u ... <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com</nowiki> › sinema › article › ndimb...</ref>. ni umugabo wamamaye akuze kuko abantu benshi bamumenye muri filimi ya City Maid ica kuri television y'u [[Rwanda]] na comedy itambuka kuri YouTube yitwa '''papa sava''' yandikwa kandi ikayoborwa na niyitegeka Gratien <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/nagiye-muri-sinema-nkuze-ariko-byahoze-bindimo-kuva-cyera-ndimbati</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Ndimbati muri make == '''Ndimbati''' ni Umunya[[rwanda]] wavukiye Nyarusange mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere ka Muhanga]], muri 1989 akiri urubyiruko yaje kwimukira mu [[Burundi]] na [[Uganda]] aza kugaruka mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya 1994<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ndimbati-wo-muri-papa-sava-yagize-icyo-asaba-abanyarwanda-nyuma-y-amashusho</ref>. Ubwo ndimbati yari muri [[Uganda]] yaje kwinjira mu Gisirikare ariko asubira mubuzima busanzwe muri 1999.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52126748</ref> ndimbati ubu afite umugore yashatse mbere y'uko ajya mu gisirikare kandi niwe bakibana bafitanye n'abana <ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/228237</ref><ref>https://ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/article/Ndimbati-yariye-indimi-abajijwe-ipeti-yakuye-mu-gisirikare</ref> == Ndimbati muri cinema == '''Ndimbati''' yatangiye gukia film nyarwanda muri 2012 , muzo yakinnye harimo '''Catherine''', '''Gica''', '''Jibu''' nizindi nyinshi<ref>https://www.lanuitrwandaise.org/trois-concerts-de-grands-artistes,16087.html</ref>. ibyo yarabikoze ntiyamenyekana cyane kugeza ubwo agaragaye muri '''City Maid''' yitwa '''Deo'''.<ref>https://yegob.rw/ndimbati-yiyamye-abamubitse-ko-yapfuye-ari-muzima/</ref> '''Ndimbati''' yakomeje kumenyekana cyane ubwo yatangiraga kugaragara muri comedy y'uruhererkane yitwa '''Papa sava''' nuko akinamo yitwa '''ndimbati'''.<ref>https://www.serbailmu.live/host-https-rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:RecentChanges</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] jhc4d41fm3etntgwy0f19o058bp0vn0 0 9197 79568 2021-10-25T05:49:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 created article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebero Norbert''' ni Umunya[[rwanda]] Ukina filimi n'ikinamico uzwi cyane kuri '''Digidigi''' akoresha muri filimi ya '''Papa sava'''<ref>Digi Digi yasobanuye uburyo yinjiye mu gukina firimi – IMVAHONSHYA</ref>'''.''' lv5o9ydm0umf1007mn8r42d14h17m6v 0 9198 80119 79610 2021-11-11T13:52:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mugisha Emmanuel''' wamenyekanye nka '''Kibonke Clapton,''' Ni umunya[[rwanda]] wavukiye mu [[Ubugande|bugande]] muri 1988<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/igihe-cya-gumamurugo-kibonke-yanditse-filimi-yise-umuturanyi</ref>. yamenyekanye cyane mu kuririmba comedy no gukina filimi zisekeje byatumye ibigo bikomeye byamamaza bimwifashisha nawe bimuha akazi kamuha agatubutse<ref>https://rushyashya.net/mugisha-emmanuel-clapton-uzwi-nka-kibonke-yavuze-ko-ataretse-ibikorwa-byo-gusetsa-ajya-imbere-yabantu-bizwi-nka-standup-comedy-asobanura-ko-kuri-ubu-ahubwo-yahisemo-kuyikora-mu-buryo-bwa-filimi/</ref>. yakinnye muri filimi zakunzwe nka [[SEBURIKOKO]], Agacube, Byadogereye, Virunga high school, Umuturanyi byatumye muri 2017 atangira gutoranywa mubakinnyi 10 bahatanira umukinyi wa filimi w'umwaka.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201773</ref> == ubuzima bwa Kibonke muri make == '''Kibonke''' yize amashuri abanza kuri Nyakayaga Primary school, ayisumbuye kuri Kiziguro Secondary School na Kagarama Secondary School nuko Kaminuza ayiga muri University of Kigali (Bacholar of science with honor in science)<ref>http://expressnews.rw/in-profile-clapton-kibonke-rising-christian-comedian-and-singer/</ref>.Kibonke ubu afite umugore barushinze muri 2018 na Mutoni Jacky ubu bafitanye umwana umwe<ref>https://teradignews.rw/clapton-kibonke-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-numukunzi-we-utwite-amafoto/</ref><ref>https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyishimo-kuri-Kibonke-wavuye-Rwagitima-ubu-akaba-ari-mu-bakinnyi-10-bakunzwe</ref> == Career == Kibonke yatangiye carreer muri 2014 aririmba indirimbo z'Imana ,muzo yaririmbye harimo" Fata Telephone Mana" " Muri Yesu Harimo gout" , "Ihangane" nizindi<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85528/kibonke-clapton-yakoze-ubukwe-amafoto-85528.html</ref>_, nyuma muri 2015 yatangiye kwandika no gukina filimi, kuba umushyushyarugamba no kwamamaza<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/comedy-or-nothing-meet-clapton-kibonke/</ref>.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umugore-w-umunyarwenya-kibonke-yibarutse-nyuma-y-amezi-hafi-abiri</ref> == ibyo utari uzi kuri Kibonke == Kibonke akunda abana cyane kandi nabo baramukunda kuko uburyo akina birabashimisha niyompamvu buri mwaka ategura igitaramo cyagenewe gushimisha abana gusa hashize iminsi kitaba kubera covid-19<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/mugisha-na-rusine-baje-mukiganiro-basinze-nukireba-uraseka-wihirike-pe-m-irene-yatembagaye</ref><ref>https://touchrwanda.tumblr.com/post/161309760546/kibonke-clapton-yambitse-impeta-umukunzi-we/amp</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 5z3wvx2ehrojgwbfa6ooahxiyi5xabn 0 9199 79589 79575 2021-10-26T12:41:39Z Ange Dusabe 9195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vanessa Uwase.jpg|thumb|Miss Uwase Vanessa]] Vanessa Raissa Uwase n'umukobwa w'umushoramari ufite iduka rikomeye mu Rwanda ritwa Hermajesty Vanessa ricuruza ibikoresho byongera ubwiza bimwe bakunda kwita cosmetics.<ref>https://hermajestyvanessa.com/</ref> == Amateka == Yavutse tariki 5 zukwa 1992, avukira i kigali mu murwa mukuru w' U Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 2015 Vanessa yagiye mu bakobwa bahatanira i kamba rya miss [[Rwanda]]. Muri aya marushanywa akaba yarabaye igisonga cya mbere cya miss Rwanda muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2015]]. Vanessa ntago yagiye mu marushanywa y' ubwiza gusa ahubwo yabayeho n'umunyamakuru <ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-uwase-vanessa-wasezeye-kuri-radio-yakozeho-amezi-atatu-yasubiye-mu</ref>. == Muri Bucuruzi == Umunyamideri ukunzwe cyane ndetse ku kazina ka miss Vanessa yakunze kugaragara cya mu bucuruzu butandukanye, ndetse benshi bahamya ko uyu mukobwa anabushoboye. yabanje gufungura '''akabari gacuruza inzoga na resitora'''( Bar& Resto)<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5P2nFryQLig</ref>, yakoze '''ibiganira bigendage no guteka''' muburyo buri professional ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga harimo na youtube ndetse ubu asigaye akora '''ibikoresho byongera ubwiza''' ndetse bigatuma abadamu bagira uruhu rwiza. === 1. Akabari gacuruza inzoga na resitora. === Mu mwaka wa 2019 nibwa miss Vanessa yafunguye akabari ndetse gafite na resitora kazwi kwizina rya V house cyatangiye ari V cofee mu mugi wa kigali i gikondo, Vanessa atangira uyu mushinga yavuze ko yafashe icyemezo cyo gutangira kwicururiza mu rwego rwo kwihangira imirimo nk'umunyarwandakazi ushaka imbere he heza. byatangiye ari V cofee shop nyuma biza kwaguka biba V house, akaba yaraje no gushyiraho akarusho kuko ibicuruzwa bye byageraga kubantu bose muri kigali biciye muri Jumia food.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88322/video-miss-vanessa-winjiye-mu-bucuruzi-afungura-barresto-yatuganirije-ku-buzima-bwe-nibyum-88322.html</ref> === 2. Ibiganiro bigendanye no guteka. === Muri 2020 igihe isi yose yarimo ihangana nicyorezo cya korona virus, miss Vanessa ntago yicaye ahubwo yatangiye ibiganiro byo kwigisha bantu guteka binyuze kuri youtube mugihe cya guma murugo<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPNd1Le3ddU</ref>. Uyu mukobwa kandi akaba azwiho gukunda no kumenya guteka cyane bikaba ari kimwe mubyatumye abikora nkumushinga.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hS9-qoqA1Fg</ref> === 3. Ibikoresho byongera ubwiza === Muri 2021 nibwo miss Vanessa yazanye agashya ko gushyira ibikoresho byongera ubwiza hanze, we ubwe ndetse nabakoresheje ibyo bikoresho bavuga ko ari qualite yambere ndetse ko bifasha cyane abantu bahuye nibibazo byuruhu mubuzima bwabo. Mu bikoresho bya miss Vanessa harimo puderi zo kwisiga mumaso, ibyo kwisiga ku munywa ndetse niibyo kwisiga ku maso<ref>https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/makeup/face-makeup/</ref>. Sibyo gusa ahubwo Miss Vanessa afite nibindi bikoresho bigendanye n'amaherena, udushene two mwijosi ndetse n' amasaha ndetse n'impeta<ref>https://hermajestyvanessa.com/product-category/accessories/</ref>. == Ibindi wareba == .https://www.celebsagewiki.com/vanessa-raissa-uwase .https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8ZbHVwGmlk == Aho byakuwe == [[Category:Abagore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwiza]] 3mzjxt0m187hm2g8pyujh12jfmnjhdm 0 9200 82448 79718 2022-04-08T13:34:56Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Gukosora imyandikire wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mackenzies Rwanda''' ni itsinda rigizwe n'abakobwa batanu b'abanya[[rwanda]] aribo Naomie Nishimwe(Miss [[Rwanda]] 2020), Uwase Kathia Kamali, Brenda Iradukunda, Kelly Uwineza na Uwase Pamella Loana. Iri tsinda rimenyerewe kubwiza kuko rwavuyemo miss [[Rwanda]] 2020, kumurika no gucuruza Imyenda<ref>The Mackenzies speak about their new clothing brand | The New Times | Rwanda</ref>. Ubu Mackenzies bafite iduka rikora rikanacuruza imyenda rizwi nka Zoi Design [[Rwanda]]<ref>Umukobwa ufite ibishushanyo ku mubiri ntazemererwa ... <nowiki>http://www.igihe.com</nowiki> › spip</ref> == Ibitangaje kuri Mackenzies == Ba Mackenzies uko ari abakobwa 5 bafitanye isano kuko Naomie Nishimwe ,Uwase Kathia Kamali na Brenda Iradukunda baravuakana naho Kelly Uwineza akaba nyirasenge wabo maze Uwase Pamella Loana akaba mubyara wabo<ref>Menya byinshi ku buzima bwa ba Mäckenzies abakobwa b'ubwiza bavukana na Miss Nishimwe Naomie-AMAFOTO - hose.rw</ref> <references /> == Agashya == igitangaje kindi kuri ba Mackenzie nuko uretse Miss Rwanda 2020 Nishimwe naomie aba bakobwa bose uko ari 5 buje uburanga kandi bose ni umuryango umwe<ref>https://www.instagram.com/ishimwe_naomie/</ref> n6gsl4xnepkyt3nli4ae11yss4mvyaj 0 9201 79638 79637 2021-10-29T10:57:23Z Ange Dusabe 9195 wikitext text/x-wiki Sonia Mugabo ni Umunyarwanda kazi wihangiye imirimo akaba umunyamideri ndetse akaba numwe mu bagore babikora nk'umwuga mu Rwanda. Niwe washinze ikigo '''''Sonia Mugabo''''' akaba akibereye n'umuyobozi mukuru ndetse n'umuhanzi w'imideri''.''<ref>https://soniamugabo.co/</ref> == Amateka == Sonia Mugabo yavutse tariki 5 zukwa gatanu 1990 avukira I kigali. Muri genocide yo 1994 yabaye afite imyaka ine, aho yaje guhura nihungabana ryinshi nyuma yo kurokokera kwa gisimba n'umuryango we mugari muri jenocide yakorewe abatutsi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/today-i-will-share-my-testimony-sonia-mugabo</ref>. Akaba yarize amashuri yisumbuye muri greenhills academy<ref>https://www.roundsquare.org/school/green-hills-academy-kigali-rwanda/</ref>, aza gukomereza amashuri ye muri buena vista university<ref>https://www.bvu.edu/</ref> mu gihugu cya leta zunze ubumwe za america, akaba yarize ibigendanye n'itumanaho n'imideri (communication and design).<ref>https://www.bvu.edu/</ref> == Rwiyemezamirimo == Sonia Mugabo ni umunyarwandakazi uzwiho cyane guhanga imideri, akaba yaranashinze ikigo gikomeye akitirira izina rye kuva muri 2011. Ikigo cya sonia Mugabo cy'itabiriye amarushanywa menshi yo kumurika imideri ndetse bikaba byaramuhaye namahirwe yo kuba ku rutonde rwakozwe na forbes magazin ikinyamakuru cyo muri leta zunze ubumwe za america kigaragaza abagore mirongo itatu babashoramari mu bigendanye n'imideri bakomeye muri america.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/forbes-magazine/?lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base%3Bn1B%2BnHy0TJOOwpqwdv2G0A%3D%3D&licu=urn%3Ali%3Acontrol%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base-background_details_company</ref> Sonia Mugabo w'umunyamideri ukomeye azwiho gukora imideri ndetse no kuyimurika akora imyenda yabadamu ndetse nabagabo myiza kandi igaragaza cyane umuco wacu muri Africa ndetse no kwikwiza mu muco nyarwanda, abifuza iyo myenda kandi bashobora kuyitumiza aho baba bari hose murwanda ndetse no mumahanga biciye ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga, sibyo gusa ahubwo Sonia yanashinze ihuriro ryabamurika imideri ye akorana nabo ndetse bagashobora no kwiteza imbere<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/soniamugabo/</ref> == Ibindi wareba == Iduka rya Sonia Mugabo muri Marriot [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/206702/ Hotel] Sonia Mugabo design official [https://soniamugabo.co/ wesbsite] == Aho byakuwe == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Imideli]] 3edy4p1l6chzt1byvz6g8re96mdpd4a 0 9202 79602 79601 2021-10-27T13:54:19Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Carole Karemera 07729.JPG|thumb|Carole Umulinga Karemera]] '''Carole Umulinga Karemera''' wavutse 1975 n'umukinnyi wa filimi umubyinnyi, umucuranzi w'inanga ya saxofone ndetse akaba n'umwanditsi. Karemera yashinze ikigo k'imyidagaduro ndetse akaba akibereye n'umuyobozi Ishyo Art Center.<ref>http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/gallery/</ref> == Amateka == Yavutse mu 1975 i Buruseli mu bubirigi, n'umukobwa w’abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro. Akiri umwana, Karemara yari umuhanga mu mibare kandi arota gufungura ubucuruzi bw'ihariye bwo gukora imigati. Karemera yize muri National Conservatory of Theatre and Dance i Buruseli. ninaho yarangirije amashuri ye ya kaminuza mu 1994, ise,yari umunyamakuru, yasubiye mu Bubiligi biturutse kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda. Karemera yavumbuye u Rwanda kuri moto mu 1996. Yakinnye mu makinamico menshi, nka The Trojan Women by Euripides, Umugore w'umuzimu ya Kay Adshead, na Anathema, mbere yo gutangira umwuga we wa film. Hagati ya 2000 na 2004, yagize uruhare runini mu Rwanda muruganda rwa sinema.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efPSdpGDjaU</ref> == Umukinnyi wa filime == Mu 2005, Karemara yakinnye nka Jeanne muri filime ya Raoul Peck ''Rimwe na rimwe muri Mata'', ivuga kuri jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Muri uwo mwaka, yahisemo gutura i [[Kigali]] . Amaze kwimukira mu gihugu, Karemara yagize uruhare mu mishinga y’umuco, harimo no gukina amakinamico mu tubari no mu mihanda yo mu mijyi y’u Rwanda, kugira ngo amateka rusange akomeze amenyekane kandi asigasirwe. Afatanije na Cécilia Kankonda, yashyizeho "katedrali yumvikana" yaririmbwe mu majwi yo kwibukwa aho abitabiriye amahugurwa bashoboraga kuvuga ibyo bibuka ku Rwanda mbere ya 1994. == Ishyo Art Center == Mu 2006, Karemara n'abandi bagore barindwi bashinze ikigo cy’ubuhanzi cya Ishyo i Kigali kugira ngo bashyigikire umuco mu murwa mukuru, utari ufite ikinamico kugeza icyo gihe. <ref>http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/121/</ref> Karemera niwe muyobozi mukuru wiki kigo gifite byinshi mu guteza imbere umuco harimo ibitabo, kwiga kuyina, gukina ikinamico ndetse nibindi. Karemara yakinnye nka Beatrice muri film ya ''Juju Uruganda'' 2007. Yabonye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri Festival Sinema Africano mu Butaliyani. Yanditse ikinamico "Chez l'habitant", ivuga ku byabaye ku bagore i Buruseli, Kigali na Sevran. Karemara yabaye umunyamabanga wungirije w’urusobe rwa Arterial, ndetse n’uhagarariye umuryango wa Arterial Network mu Rwanda.<ref>http://www.arterialnetwork.org/network/member/carole-karemera/</ref> Yakinnye mu mukino wa ''Battlefield wa'' Peter Brook mu 2016<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/269360/culture/theatre-battlefield-une-femme-sur-un-champ-de-bataille/</ref>, ashingiye kuri ''Mahabharata''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0439157/?ref_=vp_back#actress</ref> . Muri 2018, yahawe igihembo muri Les Journées théâtrales de Carthage, yishimira ibikorwa bye mu ikinamico mu Rwanda. == Amwe mu mafirimi yakinnye == * 2005: ''Rimwe na rimwe muri Mata'' nka Jeanne * 2006: ''Amajwi'' yumucanga nka Mouna * 2007: ''Uruganda rwa Juju'' nka Béatrice * 2008: ''Umukara'' nka Pamela == ibindi wareba  == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0439157/?ref_=tt_cl_t2 Carole Karemera] == Aho byakuwe == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 0a7gp0ods5044gp2hvd3c372nflbrti 0 9203 83190 81970 2022-05-09T10:53:37Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Ariel wayz]] to [[Ariel Wayz]] wikitext text/x-wiki == ARIEL WAYZ == Ariel yavukiye i [[Rubavu|RUBAVU]] , mu ntara yuburengera zuba ,akaba ari umwana wa gatanu mumuryango wabantu [[Umunanira|umunani]]. ariel ntakidasanzwe kubona yarakuze akunda umuziki kuko yakuze nyina akunda kuririmba muri orchester INGERI muri 90s. mugihe abandi banyeshuri bibandaga mugukurikirana ayandi masomo asanzwe , we yibanze gusa m[[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] aba aribyo akurikirana nkumwuga kuko nizo zari inzozi ze. == Intangiriro ryu rugendo rwe == Ariel ni umwe mubari bagize itsinda rikomeye mumuziki nya[[rwanda]] ryitwa symphony rigizwe nabanyeshuri barangije kunyundo. Ubu afite imyaka 19 gusa umukobwa ukuri muto afatwa nkumwe mubahanzi bafite impano u [[Rwanda]] rufite<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/ariel-wayz-fast-rising-girl-golden-voice</ref>. == Inkuru ye yurukundo == Ariel yaje gukundana numuhanzi uzwi kwizina rya juno kizigenza . baravuzwe cyane kuko bose doreko bar ibyamamare haje gushira amezi atandatu bakundana https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113204/barashyingiwe-ariel-wayz-yashinje-juno-kizigenza-kumuca-inyuma-ninkumi-yo-mu-mahanga-113204.html . nibwo ariel yasohoye indirimdo ye arikumwe numukunziwe yitwa Away bya tumye abona ikiraka kcyo kuririmba mu mikino ya basiketi. gusa nago byakomeje kumuhira kuko uwo yitaga umukunzi we yaje ku muteguha. == Inzozi ze == Ariel yarafite inzozi zo kuzaba inyenyeri arikumwe nabando ye .ww.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52500400 kugezubu afite indirimbo zirenze imwe yakoze wenyine. yifuzagako yateza imbere bandoye nkuko wumva maroon5,magic cyangwa sauti sol'. == Ibikorwa yakoze == Ariel ni umuhanzi kazi ukora umuziki bidatewe nicyo asahaka kuwukuramo gusa awukora bitewe nicyo awumvamo. yivugirako akunda umuziki ngo ntiyibaza ubundi buzima yaba atuyemo atari umuziki. Ariel yaje kumenyekana cyane bitewe nibikorwa akora . yakoze indirimbo ziramenyekana cyane arizo Away,depanage,10days. == Uko yiteje imbere == ariel yatangiye aririmba muri bando aho yakoraga ikiraka agahebwa 5000. gusa ubu akaba asigaye akora indirimboze kugitike uko akoze indirimbo ikamwinjiriza amafaranga menshi kuburwo ubungubu asigaye , akora ikiraka kimwe ku munsi agahebwa million 2. kuba akora umuziki nibintu yishimira cyane./www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52500400 == REBA == qoe6wdpbdxq52wqs313sbai969zc6at 0 9204 83626 83382 2022-05-17T12:24:25Z Umurigirwa 10947 /* MUTESI JOLLY NYAMPINGA WU RWANDA WA GATANU */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutesi Jolly''' Yavutse tariki 15 [[Ugushyingo]] 1996, akaba yarize amashuri ye yi ncuke n'abanza mu gihugu cya [[Uganda]] akaba ari naho yavukiye. umwaka wagatandatu we[[Uganda|']] wamashuri abanza yawize mu [[Rwanda]] kukigo cya Remera Academy ya mbere.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67869/menya-byinshi-kuri-miss-rwanda-2016-67869.html</ref>[[File:Jolly Mutesi.jpg|thumb|Jolly Mutesi]] == MUTESI JOLLY NYAMPINGA WU RWANDA WA GATANU == Mutesi jolly ni umwe mu bakobwa batangiye guhagararira u [[Rwanda]] mu marushanwa y'ubwiza. kurwego mpuza maha nga,ndetse no mubindi bintun byishi bitandukany e mugihugu nyuma yaho atorewe kuba nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] wagatanu nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe [[abatutsi]] akaba yarambitswe ikamba tariki 27 [[Gashyantare]] 2016.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67869/menya-byinshi-kuri-miss-rwanda-2016-67869.html</ref> == Ibikorwa Yakoze == yakiriwe na ambasaderi wu [[Rwanda]] Gen.Maj Charles Karamba muri [[tanzaniya]] ubwo yaragiye gutegura umushinga we wi rushanwa ry'ubwiza rya miss east africa.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/miss-mutesi-jolly-yakiriwe-nambasaderi-wu-rwanda-muri-tanzania/</ref> == Akarusho == [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Mutesi Jolly]] wambaye ikamba ry'ubwiza nk'umukobwa wahize abandi m'ubwiza<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/mutesi-jolly-lands-a-juicy-deal-as-vice-president-of-miss-east-africa-beauty-pageant/</ref> umuco ndetse n'ubwenge umwe muri ba nyampinga bazwiho kugira ibitekerezo cyane kandi bakabishyira mubikorwa niwe kandi wagaruye irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss East Africa]] ritaherukaga gututumb[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Akaba yarashyizemo]]<nowiki/>mo imbaraga uko ashoboye kandi byatanze umusaruro kuko rya kwegukanwa n'umunyarwandakazi Shanitah muri 2021. ibyo birori byakataraboneka byabereye mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya T[[Tanzaniya|anzaniya ahitwa Milimani cityhall]] <ref>https://missrwanda.rw/mutesi-jolly/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] cze0vpzel1fagdll480y8hoyz4bd76m 0 9205 80118 79614 2021-11-11T13:41:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Assia Mutoni''' ni Umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>zi wavutse 14, Nyakanga 1993, wamenyekanye nka Rosine muri filimi yakunzwe cyane "Intare y'ingore"<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/assia-mutoni-ntakitabiriye-iserukiramuco-rya-sinema-rikomeye-yatumiwemo-muri</ref>, Ni umwanditsi akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi nyarwanda guhera muri 2012<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/reba-amafoto-ya-mutoni-assia-ufatwa-nk-ikizungerezi-muri-cinema-nyarwanda-mu</ref>. ubu amaze gutsindira ibihembo inshuro 8 bitangwa nabahemba abakinnyi ba filimi bitwaye neza <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/wedding-dress-assia-mutonis-movie-compete-international-film-festival</ref>, zimwe muri filimi amaze gukinamo ni City Maid, Intare y'Ingore, Seburikoko, Impeta Yanjye, Giramata nizindi<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/assia-mutoni-yavuze-igihe-azagira-muri-amerika</ref>.<ref>https://mni.rw/CompetitionVote/501</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Assia muri make == Assia yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] gusa iwabo bimukira I [[Kigali]] afite umwaka umwe gusa, amashuri abanza yayize kuri Remera Catholic primary school, ayisumbuye ayiga Lycee de Nyanza na RHC Gasogi aharangiza muri 2012 ,Kaminuza ayiga muri UTB mu bijyanye n'Ubukerarugendo aharangiza muri 2016<ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/article/2910/Mutoni-Assia-Rosine-yihakanye--Mico-The-Best-ashyira-hanze-umukunzi-we--amafoto</ref><ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/article/3617/Mutoni-Assia-Rosine-arayoboye-mu-majwi-yabahatanira-Rwanda-Movie-Awards-kuri-Internet</ref>. Yatangiye gukina filimi muri 2012 , filimi yahereyeho harimo Rwema, Ntundekure ariko iyatumye amenyekana ni Intare y'Ingore muri 2015 aho yatumye atwara igihembo cy'umukinnyi w'umukobwa watowe nabantu benshi muri 2016<ref>https://ibicu.com/mutoni-assia-yeruye-ahishura-ko-amaze-kurya-amafaranga-yabagabo-atazi-umubare-wabo/ </ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/filime-zo-hanze-ntizigifite-isoko-mu-rwanda-nka-mbere-mutoni-assia.hmtl</ref>. Muri 2021 akaba yaratoranyijwe mubakinnyi bazitabira iserukiramuco Silicon Valley African Film festival ribera muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108330/amarangamutima-ya-mutoni-assia-nyuma-yuko-firime-ye-wedding-dress-itoranyijwe-mu-iserukira-108330.html</ref>.. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] rvza7cwmcprmsahct3ceexeheehrwbq 0 9206 83603 80994 2022-05-14T20:37:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willy Ndahiro''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wavukiye i [[bujumbura]], mu [[Burundi]] iya 1, mata 1976, yamenyekanye nka Paul muri filimi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] yakunzwe cyane <nowiki>''Ikigeragezo cy' ubuzima", Ni umuyobozi ndetse n'</nowiki>umukinnyi wa filimi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] kuva 2006<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/filmmaker-ndahiro-unveils-new-film-production-studio</ref>.<ref>http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/willy-ndahiro-agiye-gusohora-filime-igaragaramo-umuhanzi-ngarambe-francois</ref> Byatumye aba umuyobozi wa komite ishinze abakinnyi bamafilimi mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2014-2015, ubu akaba ari umuyobozi w'urugaga [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] rureberera abakora umwuga wa Cinema mu [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Film Federation). <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70010/umukinnyi-wa-filime-willy-ndahiro-aramaganira-kure-ibihuha-b-70010.html</ref>. Zimwe muri filimi yayoboye akanakinamo ni "Ay'urukundo"," Kanyarwanda","Anitha" na "Ikigeragezo cy'ubuzima".<ref>https://genesisbizz.com/Willy-Ndahiro-yagizwe-umuyobozi-mukuru-wa-Rwanda-Film-Federation-w-agateganyo</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Willy muri make == Willy Ndahiro yavukiye mu [[Burundi]] muri 1976, muri 1993 yaje mu [[Rwanda]] yinjira mu gisirikare cya Rwanda Patriotic Army (APR) afatanya n'abandi guhagarika [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], nyuma yakomereje akazi mu ngabo zirinda perezida kugeza 2004.<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/147647</ref> <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/movie-industry-needs-more-money-1311272</ref>Willy avuye mu gisirikare yasubiye kwiga mu gihugu cy'u [[Burundi]] aho yari yaracirkirije amashuri ye arangiriza mu bijyanye n'indimi(Lettreture), muri 2006 nibwo yatangiye inzira yo gukina filimi atangirira kuri filimi yahise ituma amenyekana "Ikigeragezo cy'ubuzima"<ref>https://kglnews.com/index.php/tag/willy-ndahiro/</ref>, muri 2010 yayoboye ndetse akina muyindi filimi yakunzwe cyane "Ay'urukundo"<ref>https://umuseke.rw/paul-wo-mu-kigeragezo-cyubuzima-azabenguka-mushiki-we-muri-film-bazanyemo.html</ref>. Willy kandi yagiye ashinga studio zitunganya amafilimi harimo iyakoze filmi nyinshi yitwa"Vision Production Ltd"<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/ndahiro-natacha-umukobwa-ufite-amafoto-akunzwe-cyane-mbuga-nkoranyambaga-kubera-uburanga-bwe-agiye-gusohora-filime-yakinanye-na-musaza-we/</ref> Willy NDAHIRO ubu ni umuyobozi wa Rwanda Film Federation ,rukaba ari urugaga [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] ruhuza abakora umwuga wa Cinema mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7akbodw6z40paa77ud25empkptdg02y 0 9207 80107 79621 2021-11-11T11:46:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* ubuzima bwa Kanyombya muri make */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndjoli Kayitankore''' ni Umunya[[rwanda]] wavukiye muri [[kongo]] iya 23, Ugushyingo 1962 i [[Goma]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81641</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/07/ubuzima-butangaje-bwa-kanyombya-mu.html</ref>. Wamenekanye cyane mu gukina filimi zo gusetsa mu [[Rwanda]] nka '''Kanyombya''' kuko yatangiye kuzikina 2001.<ref>https://www.inyenyerinews.org/justice-and-reconciliation/kayitankore-ndjoli-uzwi-nka-kanyombya-ari-mu-maboko-ya-polisi-azira-urugomo/</ref>byatumye amenyekana cyane kuko afatwa nkumwe mubantu bifatizo muri filimi zo gusetsa mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://impano.rw/ubuzima-bwa-kanyombwa-mu-gisirikare/</ref>. Yakinnye harimo "Bwenjye naguhenze,"Buhahara","abatubuzi","ibikuruka", "nyabingi" nizindi<ref>https://urwenya.wordpress.com/category/kanyombya/</ref><ref>https://www.urwego.com/2016/05/kanyombya-yatangaje-impamvu.html</ref> == ubuzima bwa Kanyombya muri make == '''Kanyombya''' yavutse kuri mama we Gaudence Mukandutiye na papa we Jean Baptiste Sakumi, avukira mu muryango w'abana 7 gusa hasigaye 5<ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/umunyarwenya-kanyombya-yemeza-ko-ibyo-akora-bimutunze/</ref>. Yize amashuri abanza kuri ecole primaire ste Andre i [[Goma]], akomereza ayisumbuye muri Tuugane Institute ahava muri 1992 ahita ajya mu gisirikare yaje kuvamo muri 2002<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/sinigeze-mbyarana-na-kanyombya-nyinawambogo-yashyize-hanze-ukuri-video</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ubundi-bukwe-bwanjye-buraje-kanyombya-video</ref>. Mu gisirikare yarwaniye mu ngabo za '''RPA''' zafashe igihugu muri 1994 , Avuye mugisirikare nibwo yatangiye gukina filimi kugeza nanubu ntiyigeze ahagarara<ref>https://5kuri5.com/kanyombya-mu-nkotanyi-ubuzima-butangaje-mugisirikare-yamazemo-imyaka-10/</ref>. '''Kanyombya''' ubu afite umugore babanaga nuko baza gusezerana imbere y'amategeko muri 2012 kandi bafitanye abana 2 ndetse n'abandi barera<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/kanyombwa-yasinye-amasezerano-yo-kujya-yamamaza-kompanyi-ikomeye-yabanyaturukiyaamafoto/</ref>. '''Kanyombya''' avugako impano yo gusetsa yayikuye ku muryango we kuko ngo bose abazi basetsa haba abavandimwe n'ababyeyi be.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?kanyombya-ukina-filimi-ntazi-amazina-ya-minisitiri-w-039-umuco-na-siporo</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/newinsinema</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6xk12fz42zkksicsfejqof8ql12pegd 0 9208 82416 80108 2022-04-05T11:50:13Z 2C0F:EB68:23C:2000:9D2A:E43F:C170:8587 Error in my relationship stories wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Bahavu Usanase Jeannette''' (wavutse 17 Nyakanga), ni umukinnyi wa filimi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/usanase-bahavu-jeannette-wamenyekanye-nka-diane-muri-filime-ya-city-yasezeranye-imbere-yamategekoamafoto/</ref> . Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane kuri televiziyo zo mu [[Rwanda]], '''Jeannette''' azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Diane' muri filimi itambuka kuri televiziyo y'igihugu ''City Maid''<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/bahavu-jeannette-umaze-kubaka-izina-muri-filime-impanga-aritegura-kwibaruka</ref> . Usibye gukina, anashushanya imideli akaba ari n'umunyamakuru .<ref>https://www.zaramagazine.com/zara-story/764/Umukinnyi%20wa%20Filime%20Bahavu%20Jeanette%20yakoze%20ubukwe%20n%E2%80%99umukunzi%20we%20Fleury</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Nyakanga mu Rwanda. Nyina kandi ni umukinnyi w'amafirime uzwi cyane mu Rwanda<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/bahavu-wamenyekanye-nka-diane-muri-city-maid-yakoze-ubukwe-n-umugabo-we-fleury</ref>. Ku ya 17 Nyakanga 2020, Jeannette yambitswe impeta n'umukunzi we Ndayirukiye Fleury uzwi ku izina rya 'Legend' bahuye mu 2015. Gusezerana kwizihirijwe muri Scheba Hotel mu Kiyovu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/81569/usanase-bahavu-jannette-uzwi-nka-diane-muri-filime-ya-city-m-81569.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 2019, yakinnye muri filimi ya ''City Maid'' afite izina rya 'Diane'<ref>https://hose.rw/bahavu-uzwi-nka-diane-muri-city-maid-yasezeranye-numukunzi-we-imbere-yamategeko-amafoto/</ref>. Nubwo yamenyekanye cyane, yakuwe muri iyo filimi kandi inkuru yasohotse icyo gihe yerekana ko yiciwe akajugunywa muri [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]]. Nyuma ya City Maid, yinjiye muri firime Impanga muri 2019.<ref>https://yegob.rw/bahavu-jeannette-uzwi-nka-diane-muri-city-maid-ahishuye-uko-byamugendekeye-mu-ijoro-ryubukwe-bwe/</ref> Usibye gukina, yakoraga kuri tereviziyo mukiganiro Christian Celebrity Show yerekanaga guhera saa mbiri z'ijoro kuri Christian TV <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85759/ikiganiro-na-bahavu-jeannette-wamamaye-nka-diane-muri-filime-ya-city-maid-wanavuzwe-mu-ruk-85759.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2018 | ''Umuja wo mu mujyi'' | Diane | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2019 | ''Impanga'' | | Filime | |} == references == * [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] m66q82ua4aozmfkjyp0meci2ptbwfr3 0 9209 80109 79627 2021-11-11T12:47:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edit article wikitext text/x-wiki Seburikoko ni '''Urukurikirane rw'urwenya rwo''' '''mu Rwanda''' rwakozwe na '''Misago Nelly Wilson''' abikora binyuze muri , '''Afrifame ltd''' <ref>https://yegob.rw/byinshi-wamenya-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko/</ref>. Ikiganiro cy'iminota 15 kinyura kuri [http://rba.co.rw Televiziyo y'u Rwanda (RTV)] buri wa mbere no ku wa kane saa kumi n'ebyiri na mirongo ine n'itanu (4h45 PM GMT) guhera muri Werurwe 2015 <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57870027</ref>. Uruhererekane ruzaba rugizwe n'ibihe 4 byanditswe na Mutiganda Janvier hamwe na 'Rurema Misago Nelly Wilson' kandi bikayoborwa na '''Jones Kennedy Mazimpaka''' hamwe na samples studios <ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/150665</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/dore-impamvu-nyamukuru-yatumye-muyobozi-uri-mu-bakunzwe-cyane-muri-filimi-ya</ref> . Irimo itsinda ryitsinda rigizwe n'umunyarwanda wamamaye wumunyarwenya Gratien Niyitegeka nk'umuntu w'icyubahiro '''Seburikoko''' <ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/article/5635/Seburikoko-muri-filime-nyarwanda--zihataniye-ibihembo-mpuzamahanga.php</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/sinema/article/umukunzi-wa-kibonke-muri-seburikoko-yanze-gukina-atwite</ref>, Antoinette Uwamahoro nkumugore we Siperansiya, Erneste Kalisa, Ngabo Leo, Mediatrice ya Muhutukazi (uzwi cyane kubera uruhare muri radio yisabune yo mu [[Rwanda]] yitwa Kankwanzi) ), n'abandsi benshi. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88807/akari-ku-mutima-wa-seburikoko-na-nikuze-ushimira-inyarwandacom-nyuma-wo-kwegukana-ibihembo-88807.html</ref> '''Seburikoko''' yabaye porogaramu ikunzwe cyane kuri Televiziyo y'u [[Rwanda]] kandi mu mpera za sizoni 4 muri Werurwe 2016, televiziyo yategetse izindi sizoni 4 zizakomeza muri Werurwe 2017 <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/menya-uko-umunsi-wa-niyitegeka-gratien-papa-sava-uba-uteye-muri-gumamurugo</ref> . == Abakinnyi hamwe ninyuguti<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/hatangajwe-amatariki-seburikoko-izongera-kunyuzwa-kuri-rtv</ref> == * Niyitegeka Gratien nka Seburikoko * Antoinette Uwamahoro nka Siperansiya * Umuganwa Sarah nka Mutoni * Clapton Kibonge nka Kibonge * Chantal Nyakubyara nka Nyiramana * Ernest Kalisa nka Rulinda * Léon Ngabo nka Kadogo * Noella Niyomubaye nka Liliane == Ibihembo == Ku nshuro ya 5 ya Rwanda Movie Awards, Urukurikirane rwa TV rwatsindiye ibihembo 8 birimo Urukurikirane rwiza rwa TV<ref>https://kigalirealnews.com/inkuru-ibabaje-cyane-kuri-siperansiya-wo-muri-seburikoko-mwakunze-cyane-tumusengere-cyane/</ref>, Umuyobozi mwiza, Umukinnyi wa mbere witwaye neza ndetse n’umukinnyi wa filime maze akomeza gutsindira 4 kuri serivise nziza za TV, umuyobozi mwiza, umukinnyi wa cinemateri mwiza na injeniyeri mwiza<ref>https://kissfm.rw/abakinnyi-ba-filime-begukanye-ibihembo-muri-rwanda-international-movie-awards/</ref>. == Inyandiko == '''SEBURIKOKO''' avuga inkuru y'umugabo witwa '''Seburikoko''' wiyita '''SEBU''' kubera izina yumva muri we nk'umutunzi mu baturanyi b'umudugudu w'impimbano wa '''Gatoto''' . Ntakintu akorera umuryango we kuko amara umwanya wose anywa inzoga, agurisha ibintu byo munzu yaguzwe n'umugore we '''Siperansiya''' ukora ibishoboka byose kugirango atunge umuryango<ref>Rwanda: Papa Sava, Seburikoko… Urugendo rw'umwami wa byendagusetsa - BBC News Gahuza</ref>. Umwana wabo umwe rukumbi '''Mutoni''', batashoboye gushyira mu ishuri, yavuye i '''[[Kigali]]''' gushaka ubuzima bushya. Igihe kirageze ubwo yiyemeza gusubira mu rugo kurugamba rwo kurwanya se. Bazamuhindura?<ref>http://bwiza.com/?dufite-abahashyi-cyane-kurusha-uko-twakagize-abahanzi-samusure</ref> === Ibisobanuro === '''Ubwoko:''' Urwenya, Ikinamico, filimi '''Umuremyi''': Misago Nelly Wilson '''Umwanditsi''' (s): Mutiganda Janvier na Misago Nelly Wilson '''Abakinnyi''': * Gratien Niyitegeka * Antoinette Uwamahoro * Ernest Kalisa * Ngabo Leo * Mediatrice Muhutukazi * Leocadie Uwabeza * Nyakubyara * Gasasira Jean Pierre * Umuganwa Sara '''Igihugu bakomokamo''':[[Rwanda]] '''Ururimi rwumwimerere''': Kinyarwanda '''Oya y'ibihe''': 4 '''Umubare w'ibice''': 96 === Umusaruro === '''Producer Executif''': AFRIFAME LTD, ZACU ENTERTAINMENT '''Producer''': Misago Wilson (Nelly) '''Muhinduzi (s)''': * Richard Mugwaneza * Pamela Mugisha '''Sinema''': Habarurema Mustafa, Udahemuka Louis '''Umuyobozi''': Jones Kennedy Mazimpaka, Niyitegeka Gratien '''Ijwi''': Sengabo Ally Tresor, Alain Gilbert '''Gushiraho Kamera''': Kamera imwe '''Isosiyete ikora''': Amashusho ya Afrifame '''Ikwirakwiza''': RTV, TV ya Zacu == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 82a0x5j95udgb0vgl0pjsa87tgytnpd 0 9210 83564 83160 2022-05-14T17:44:30Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevine Kagirimpundu''' (wavutse 1991) <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/183026</ref> ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w’umucuruzi, ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze [https://shop.uzuriky.com/ Uzuri K&Y] . == Uburezi == Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no guhanga no kubungabunga ibidukikije byubatswe mu 2015, <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/following-my-passion-is-the-best-decision-i-made-3297140</ref> yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2021/5/30/kevine-kagirimpundu-a-passion-driven-producer-of-eco-footwear-in-rwanda</ref>.Akaba yarize amashuri yisumbuye muri lucee == Umwuga == [https://shop.uzuriky.com/ UZURI K&Y] ni uruganda rwo mu [[Rwanda]] rufite icyicaro i [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]] kandi rwanditswe muri RDB kuva muri Kamena 2013, rukora umurongo winkweto z'ufunguye. batezimbere tekinike yumwimerere yo gukora inkweto nyafurika, imiterere idasanzwe, hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gutegura ibikoresho. <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2021/5/30/kevine-kagirimpundu-a-passion-driven-producer-of-eco-footwear-in-rwanda</ref> == Ibyo Kevine avuga nyuma yokwihangira umurimo == Ubu twafungutse mumitekereze dufite ibitekerezo byo gupima ibikorwa byacu. Gupima ubucuruzi bigomba gutegurwa kandi ntitwari dufite igitekerezo cyo kubikora mbere yuko twinjira muri mu mwuga <ref>https://www.ikeasocialentrepreneurship.org/en/social-entrepreneurs/uzuri-ky</ref> [[Dosiye:UZURI.jpg|thumb|uzuri]] == Ibyo wamenya kuri Uzuri == UZURI K&Y numushinga wabaafrica bishize hamwe muguteza imbere ibidukikije no kurwanya ibyangiza ibidukikije. Yashinzwe ifite icyerekezo cyo kwerekana Afurika nkinkomoko yimyambarire irambye, uruganda rwimibereho rukora ibisubizo bifatika mugutunganya imyanda mukweto.<ref>https://www.ikeasocialentrepreneurship.org/en/social-entrepreneurs/uzuri-ky</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] k303vsajobzjpctuu1z0hvm8596fns9 0 9211 79631 79630 2021-10-29T10:22:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 edited article wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceMisago Nelly Wilson]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Misago Wilson''' (wavutse 14 Ukuboza 1985), Tumuzi nka '''Nelly Wilson Misago''', azwiho gutunganya filimi mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>The quality of the script determines the success of a film, says ... <nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw</nowiki> › section › read</ref> . ''[[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Azwi cyane nk'umwanditsi w'uruhererekane rw'amakinamico aca kuri]]'' televiziyo azwi cyane nka ''Inshuti (Inshuti'', Seburikoko na ''City Maid, Indoto''<ref name=":0">Wilson Misago, umuyobozi wa Inyarwanda Ltd azashinga ... <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com</nowiki> › imyidagaduro › ibirori</ref> . Ni umwanditsi na producer ashobora gukora muri firime gusa ubusanzwe akora kuri televiziyo<ref name=":1">AFRIFAME Pictures yegukanye igihembo cya 'Best T <nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com</nowiki> › inkuru › afrifame-pictures-ye...</ref>. Yashizeho kandi akanatunganya urukurikirane rw'ikinamico "Ejo Si Kera" ku bufatanye na Imbuto foundation kuri televiziyo y'igihugu y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>Filime y'uruhererekane "SEBURIKOKO" igiye guhatanira ... <nowiki>https://teradignews.rw</nowiki> › Amakuru yose</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite<ref name=":0" /> == Yavutse ku ya 14 Ukuboza 1985 i [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2009, yabonye impamyabumenyi mu by'imari yakuye mu Ishuri ry’Imari n’amabanki, (kuri ubu izwi ku izina rya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi n’Ubukungu]] : UR-CBE).<ref>Abakunzi ba Filime Nyarwanda bagiye gushyirir... - Webrwanda <nowiki>https://www.webrwanda.com</nowiki> › 2021/08 › abakunzi-ba-...</ref> Muri 2013 yashakanye na mugenzi we umaze igihe, Hilarie Uwabimfura. Ibirori by'ubukwe byabereye i Remera -Kigali. Ni se w'abahungu babiri. Muri Mutarama 2014 umuhungu we wa 1 yavutse naho uwa kabiri avuka muri Gashyantare 2018<ref name=":2">Nelly wandika filime za Seburikoko na City Maid agiye ... <nowiki>https://umuseke.rw</nowiki> › nelly-wandika-filime-za-seburikok...</ref>. Misago ashishikajwe cyane no gutunganya film no guhanga. Akunda umuziki no kureba firime cyane cyane izitambuka kuri TV mu gihe afite akanya. Akunda gutembera nko kwishimisha no gushaka inshuti nshya<ref>Is the Rwandan movie industry safe for investment? (shafaqna.com)</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 2009 Wilson Misago yinjiye Inyarwanda Ltd nk'umunyamakuru. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza mu Inyarwanda Limited, ari naho yaje kuzamurwa ku mwanya w'umuyobozi<ref>’Indoto’ , indi ’Serie’ ifite inkuru iryoshye uzajya ukurikira kuri RTV > Rwanda Magazine</ref>. Muri 2012, yakoze nk'umunyamakuru wa radio kuri City Radio no gukora imyidagaduro n'inkuru kuri inyarwanda.com. Muri 2013, yakoze serial" ''Ubu n'ejo"'' itari yamenyekanye. Ariko, muri 2014, Misago yakoze televiziyo sitcom ''Inshuti'' yacaga kuri TV10<ref>Afrifame Pictures | Music In Africa <nowiki>https://www.musicinafrica.net</nowiki> › directory › afrifame-pic...</ref>. Urukurikirane rufatwa nkurukurikirane rwa mbere rwa TV rwakorewe mu karere. Intsinzi yayo, yakoze urwenya rwa ''Seburikoko'' yabaye imwe mu ma kinamico azwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]]. Urukurikirane rwanyuze kuri Televiziyo y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>IGIHE yaje ku isonga mu bitangazamakuru bikorera kuri ... <nowiki>https://igihe.com</nowiki> › amakuru › u-rwanda › article › igih...</ref> Hanyuma mu mpera za 2014, yahimbye kandi akora ''City Maid'', indi filimi yanyuze kuri RTV. Yamamaye cyane muri rubanda. Muri 2017, yanditse kandi ayobora Little ''Skater'' . Nyuma y'umwaka, yashinze isosiyete ikora amajwi n'amashusho 'Afrifame Limited', ikora ibijyanye no gutunganya filimi na serivisi zifotora<ref name=":1" />. Niwe washinze 'ZACUTV', [[:en:Video_on_demand|video on demand]] (VOD) yambere mu [[Rwanda]] byerekana ibiganiro bya Sinema mu Rwanda. Yashyizwe ahagaragara ku mugaragaro mu nama ya Transform Africa 2019.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2013 | ''Ubu n'ejo'' | uwatanze umusaruro | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2013 | ''Inshuti'' | Umwanditsi & producer | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2014 | ''[[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Seburikoko]]'' | Umuremyi, abanditsi hamwe & producer | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2015 | ''Umuja wo mu mujyi'' | Umuremyi nuwabikoze | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2017 | ''Ibanga ry'ibyishimo'' | umuyobozi mukuru | Filime ngufi | |- | 2017 | ''Kwiyuhagira'' | Umwanditsi n'umuyobozi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2019 | ''Indoto'' | Umuremyi nuwabikoze | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2021 | ''EJO SI KERA'' | Umuremyi, abanditsi hamwe nuwabitunganya | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- |} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] h5n0k5xuxjz061duivjolchphrd2y4s 0 9212 81346 79641 2022-01-16T00:40:11Z 37.163.33.247 wikitext text/x-wiki Ysolde Shimwe ni umunyarwandakazi ndetse akaba n'umunyamideri wamenyekanye cyane nk'umwe mubashinze ikigo cy'ubucuri gikomeye cya [[Uzuri K&Y]] ndetse akaba ari n'umuyobozi wacyo mubigenda no guhanga udushya.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/ysolde-shimwe-47127183</ref> == Amateka == Ysolde Shimwe yavukiye mu 1992 mu murwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] i [[Kigali]] ndetse aranahakurira yakuze akunda ibintu byose bigendanye nubugeni. Yaje kubona buruse yo kujya muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] aho yagiye kwiga ubugeni ndetse no guhanga udushya muri 2015, akaba akunda cyane ibigendanye n'ubugeni ndetse ndetse no gutanga umusanzu we ngo igihugu gishyikire amajyambere arambye.<ref>https://bukzone.com/uzuri-ky-an-african-inspired-eco-footwear-persevering-the-environment-and-creating-jobs/</ref> == Ubucuruzi == Muri 2013 Ysolde Shimwe yashinze ikigo [[Uzuri K&Y]] cyibanze cyane mu gukora inkweto za made in Rwanda z'ubwoko bwinshi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/191355</ref>, bahawe ibihembo byinshi biytandukanye na RDB[[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda]] ndetse na Jack ma foundation, ikigo cy'ubucuruzu cyo mubushinywa.<ref>https://about.uzuriky.com/index.html</ref> Sibyo gusa ahubwo bakora n'amahugurwa kubantu bose babyifuza bakabigisha gukora inkweto kugirango nabo bajye kwihangira imirimo. [[Uzuri K&Y]] ifite umwihariko wo gukoresha abagore benshi kandi bakabafasha no kwiteza imbere.<ref>https://about.uzuriky.com/pages/impact.html</ref> == Ibindi wareba == .[[Uzuri K&Y]] .[[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda]] . Kevine Kagirimpundu == Aho Byakuwe == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Imideli]] fapim3fyim6dzs7kt5xsl8lz17hphtd 0 9213 80112 79639 2021-11-11T12:57:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutiganda Janvier''' (wavutse ku ya 18 Ukwakira 1989), ni umukinnyi wa filime mu [[Rwanda]] wagize uruhare runini nk'umwanditsi wa sinema ndetse na producer muri filime nyinshi zica kuri televiziyo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/193156</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 18 Ukwakira 1989 i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda<ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/inkuru-zamamaza/article/ingingo-z-ingenzi-z-urwandiko-rwa-mutiganda-janvier-rusaba-guhindura-izina</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 2013, yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buhinzi. Icyakora yaje kwimukira mubakinnyi ba firime no gukora film kubera ishyaka rye rya sinema<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.mutiganda-wa-nkunda.49886.html</ref>. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, amashusho ye 4 yambere yerekana ibihimbano yashyizwe ku rutonde mu marushanwa ya Global Dialogues Amateka magufi yo gukora amarushanwa<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111022/ihuriro-ryabanditsi-ba-filime-ryashimye-mutiganda-wa-nkunda-wahesheje-ishema-u-rwanda-muri-111022.html</ref> . Muri 2014, yanditse, atunganya kandi ayobora filime ye ya mbere ya ''Rayila'' , Ninkuru yumubyeyi wataye umwana we akiyahura. Iyi filime yamamaye cyane kandi yegukana ibihembo mu birori byinshi bya firime ndetse no mu mamahanga<ref>http://africultures.com/evenements/?no=39350</ref>. Muri 2014 kandi, yanditse sitcom izwi cyane ''Inshuti yanyuze'' kuri TV 10 mu [[Rwanda]] hagati ya 2014 na 2015. Ifatwa nkurukurikirane rwa mbere rwa TV rwakozwe mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://eastafricamonitor.com/rwanda-shrugs-off-us-trade-war-blow-turns-to-europe/</ref>. Yasohotse kandi kuri YouTube kandi yakira abafana benshi. Muri 2015, Janvier yakoze nka producer kuri firime ngufi ''Ishaba'' yakozwe mu mahugurwa yo gukina amafilime yakozwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika rya Mashariki (MAAFF)<ref>https://agakiza.org/Menya-byinshi-kuri-filime-yakinwe-ku-buzima-bwa-Yesu.html</ref>. Amashusho yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime kandi asohoka kuri DVD na Africalia mu rwego rwo gukusanya filime ngufi za Afurika nziza<ref>https://beautifulrwanda.org/2021/08/01/rwanda-shrugs-its-shoulders-and-turns-to-europe/</ref>. Nyuma y'umwaka, yagiye mu mahugurwa yo kwandika filimi ya Maisha Film Lab i [[Kigali]], aho yakoraga nk'umwanditsi kuri series zizwi cyane zisetsa ''Seburikoko zanyuze'' kuri televiziyo y'u [[Rwanda]] muri Werurwe 2015<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2017/rw-government-gazette-dated-2017-07-24-no-30.pdf</ref>. Hagati aho, yakoraga akazi ko gutunganya filime n’umunyamakuru kuva mu 2013 mu bitangazamakuru byinshi byaho. Nyuma yaje gukora firime ngufi, ''La Femme Nue'' yatoranijwe kunshuro ya 3 muri MAAFF<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/242055</ref>. Nyuma yo kuva mu mwuga w’abanyamakuru mu 2016, yibanze cyane ku gukina amafilime aho yayoboye ibiganiro bya TV ''City Maid'' kuri ubu bica kuri Televiziyo y’u [[Rwanda]]. Muri icyo gihe, yakoze serial ya ''Virunga School'' yerekana kuri TV<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208565</ref>. Hanyuma yanditse, akora kandi ayobora film ye ya kabiri ngufi ''Ibanga ry'umunezero'' muri 2017. Hagati aho, yashinze isosiyete yigenga itunganya firime yitwa 'IZACU'<ref>https://www.archyde.com/this-film-is-my-story-and-that-of-other-young-people-who-are-fighting-to-survive-in-kigali/</ref>. Muri iyi sosiyete, yakoze filime ye ya mbere yise Nameless nyuma ayishyira mu mahugurwa ya Takmil ya Carthage Film Festival 2018<ref>https://maishafilmlab.org/maisha-alumni/mutiganda-wa-nkunda/</ref>. Muri aya mahugurwa, iyi filime yaguzwe n’igihangange cya Orange Studio y’Abafaransa kandi iyi filime ikaba yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Friborg mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]]<ref>https://cinidb.africa/Professionals/Details/53</ref>. Nk'umuproducer, yakoze A Taste of our Land yatsindiye ibihembo byambere bya firime nziza muri PanAfrican Film Festival 2020 na AMAAs 2021<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/author/16</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2013 | ''Rayila'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2014 | ''Inshuti'' (Inshuti) | Umuyobozi | TV sitcom | |- | 2015 | ''Ishaba'' | Producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2015 | ''Seburikoko'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2015 | ''La Femme Nue'' (Umugore Wambaye ubusa) | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2016 |''City Maid'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2016 |''Virunga School'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2017 | ''Ibanga ry'umunezero'' (Ibanga ry'ibyishimo) | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2021 |''Nameless'' | Umuyobozi | Filime yerekana (yambere) | |- | 2020 | ''Rocabye (Ibihozo)'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2019 |''Pearl Lost in an Empty House'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2020 |''A Taste of our Land'' | Producer | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 5fo6jydbug45xxaa4mhgjykdids4fkn 14 9214 79642 2021-10-29T11:01:13Z Ange Dusabe 9195 Created page with "imideli ni ibintu byose biri mu kiciro cy'ubugeni ndetse n'ubuvanganzo." wikitext text/x-wiki imideli ni ibintu byose biri mu kiciro cy'ubugeni ndetse n'ubuvanganzo. ejeym2fw7drclzrkn57gad37vjttytk 0 9215 80115 80113 2021-11-11T13:13:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Edouard Bamporiki''' (yavutse Ukwakira 24, 1983) ni umuhanzi w'umunyapolitike w'umunya[[rwanda]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/edouard-bamporiki/</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Bamporiki-yasobanuye-impamvu-yasuye-Idamange</ref>. Kugeza ubu afite umwanya muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda nka Minisitiri ushinzwe umuco muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco Bamporiki yabaye umukinnyi umukinnyi wa filime n'umwanditsi n'umusizi<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/politiki-y-inkotanyi-minisitiri-bamporiki-yashoye-ibiceri-300-frw-none-ageze</ref>. == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == '''Bamporiki''' yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|karere ka Nyamasheke]] , Intara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yize amashuri muri ako karere<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yashimiye-perezida-kagame-wamugiriye-icyizere-akamugira</ref>. Muri 2003, igihe Bamporiki yari afite imyaka 20, yinjiye mu ikinamico episodic yacaga kuri radiyo y'igihugu<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/bamporiki-edouard-asigaye-agenda-yikanga-umugore-we-muri-amerika</ref>. Ibi byamuhaye kwiyerekana mugihugu cyose nk'umukinnyi w'umuhanga.Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri Université Libre de Kigali ( ULK )<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bamporikis-comments-explicit-music-content-draw-mixed-reactions</ref>. == Umwuga wa politiki == Mu 2013, Bamporiki yatorewe kuba Umudepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda, Urugereko rwo hasi<ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/bamporiki-edouard/</ref>. Muri 2019, yagizwe Minisitiri muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] .Mbere y’inama y’abaminisitiri, yari Perezida wa komisiyo y’igihugu y'itorero ry'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-ubwigenge-bupfubye-bamporiki-edouard/</ref>. == Umwuga wa film == Bamporiki n'umukinnyi wa firime. ''Long Coat'' ni imwe muri filime zizwi cyane - binyuze mu nkuru y’umuntu warokotse [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ndetse n'umwe mu bahungu b'uwakoze icyaha, iyi filime yibanda ku gusiga amateka ye<ref>https://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poet/edouard-bamporiki/</ref>. '''Bamporiki''' yanditse, akina, ayobora kandi akora ikinamico y'iminota 63 yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2008. Byamushirishije mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gumutwara igihembo cya mbere mu ireukiramuco rya filimi nyafurika ribera i newyork<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2011/09/110927_rdabamporiki</ref> . '''Bamporiki''' yari yakoze début ye muri ''Munyurangabo'', filime ya Lee Isaac Chung aho yatorewe kuba umukinnyi mwiza muri Cannes<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55730/menya-byinshi-kuri-depite-bamporiki-eduard-uzwi-nka-tadeyo-mu-ikinamico-urunana-55730.html</ref>. Yatunganije kandi ''akina mu Rwanda: Fata Babiri'' mu 2010 hanyuma umwaka urangiye, yakinnye muri ''Kinyarwanda'', ikinamico yamateka, hamwe na Cassandra Freeman<ref>http://shikamaye.blogspot.com/2014/04/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yahungabaniye.html</ref> . Aheruka kugaragara kuri ecran muri 2015 ubwo yakinaga ikinamico y'urukundo ''Umutoma''<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/Amashirakinyoma-ku-byavuzwe-ko-Minisitiri-Bamporiki-afite-akabari-gakora-muri-iki-gihe-utundi-dufunze-VIDEO</ref> . Muri 2017, Bamporiki yasohoye igitabo cyiswe ''Umwana wanjye, Ninkuru ndende: Ibitekerezo by'abakoze Jenoside'' . Gushyira ahagaragara igitabo cyitabiriwe na madamu wa perezida [[Jeannette Kagame|w’u Rwanda Jeannette Kagame]] <ref>https://www.amakuruki.com/tag/edouard-bamporiki</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] g775fwuujb5lwnvi1lba6btx4mah1tp 0 9216 80114 79647 2021-11-11T13:12:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Ntarindwa Diogene ni umunya[[rwanda]] wavukiye i [[Burundi]] muri 1977<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=5587</ref>, wamenyekanye nka '''Atome''' cyane mu gukina byendagusetsa, ni Umwanditsi n'umukinnyi wa filimi, ikinamico na comedy<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80765</ref><ref>http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/yabimburiye-abato-mu-nzira-y-inzitane-ibaruwa-ya-ntarindwa-diogene-atome-kuri</ref>. yamenyekanye mu ikinamico nka '''Gasumuni,''' yatangiye gukina ikinamico muri 1994<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/202488/culture/diog-ne-ntarindwa/</ref><ref>https://www.theatre-contemporain.net/biographies/Diogene-Ntarindwa</ref>. == Atome mu gusetsa == Atome gukina amakinamico yabikoze cyane yiga muri kaminuza y'u [[Rwanda]] mu iishami ry'amategeko muri 1996<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86347/ntarindwa-diogene-uzwi-nka-atome-yagiye-mu-butaliyani-aho-agiye-gukinira-umukino-bise-hate-86347.html</ref>. muri 2002 yagiye gukomeza amasomo i Liege mu [[Ububiligi]] ibijyanye na Art Dramatique naho akomeza gukina aho yagaragaye mu ma kinamico arimo Koulsy Lamko, Corpx et voix, Paroles rhizome<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/umubyeyi-wa-gasumuni-azashyingurwa-ku-wa-gatandatu</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/57688/byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-ntarindwa-diogene-wamenyekanye-mu-gusetsa-ku-izina-rya-atome-gasumuni--57688.html</ref>. muri 2008 yagarutse mu [[Rwanda]] agaragara cyane akina asetsa muri forum yari yateguwe n'Imbuto Foundation Rwanda<ref>https://mediatheques-ifbf.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=19885</ref><ref>https://www.bunker.si/en/events/diogene-ntarindwa-atome-interview-conversation/</ref>. == Atome mu gisirikare == '''Atome''' mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu 1994 yarimo nk'umusirikare, avuga ko yakigiyem akiri umujene niyompamvu urugamba rurangiye yagiye gukomeza amashuri.<ref>https://www.ulk.ac.rw/news/monsieur-madame-theatre-troupe-performs-ulk-kigali/</ref><ref>https://www.crew-united.com/en/Diogene-Ntarindwa_482716.html</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] c1ib1w4ocsg6s678qafxim4nt1x0hkw 0 9217 82313 80116 2022-03-20T08:37:35Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kansiime Kubiryaba Anne''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1986) kandi uzwi cyane ku izina rya Anne Kansiime, ni [[Uganda|Umugande]] w'umunyarwenya, akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime. Bimwe mu bitangazamakuru byo muri Afurika byamwise "Umwamikazi wa Afurika wo gusetsa"<ref>https://hdsentertainment.co.za/anne-kansiime/</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/anne-kansiime-pays-glowing-tribute-to-fallen-mother/</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye i Mparo mu gake ka Rukiga y'ubu, mu burengerazuba bwa [[Uganda]] . Igihe yavukaga, Mparo yari mu gace ka Kabale<ref>https://mbu.ug/2021/06/06/anne-kansiime-mourns-the-loss-of-her-mother/</ref>. Se ni umunyamabanki uri mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, naho nyina ni umugore wo mu rugo. '''Kansiime''' yize amashuri abanza i Kabale<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/218615</ref>. Amashuri ye yisumbuye, yize mu ishuri ry'isumbuye ry'abakobwa rya Bweranyangi i Bushenyi <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/67195</ref> . Afite impamyabumenyi y'isumbuye mu buhanzi n’imibereho yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makelele, kaminuza ya kera ya [[Uganda]] kandi nini muri Leta.<ref>https://answersafrica.com/things-you-didnt-know-about-the-hilarious-ugandan-comedian-ann-kansiime.html</ref> == Umwuga == l Dukurikije ibibazo byafashwe amajwi yatanze mu 2014, Anne yatangiye gushyira kuri YouTube amashusho yerekana udukino dusetsa. Yakiriye ibitekerezo byiza kandi bimutera inkunga yo kohereza izindi videwo. Icyerekezo cye cyerekanwe kuri tv y'abaturage muri [[Kenya]] ituranye na [[Uganda]] yamuhaye umwanya wo gukora, gukina no kwerekana ikiganiro gisetsa rimwe mucyumweru<ref>https://www.boom.ug/entertainment/8398/grief-anne-kansiimes-mother-breathes-her-last/</ref>. Nibwo yazanye na Don't mess with Kansiime yerekana urwenya. Kugeza mu Gushyingo 2014, umuyoboro wa YouTube umaze gukusanya abantu barenga miliyoni 15<ref>https://buzzcentral.co.ke/2021/06/comedian-anne-kansiimes-mother-laid-to-rest/</ref>. Amashusho ye yo kuri YouTube yakira ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kandi yagaragaye kuri BBC yibanze kuri Afrika. Yakinnye mu nzu zuzuye abafana muri Blantyre, Gaborone, Kigali, Kuala Lumpur, Lagos, Lilongwe, London, Lusaka na Harare<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/artist/kansiime-anne-kubiryaba-songs/4RZesmV7AaQ_</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime / Filime / Urukurikirane rwa TV ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2018 |''Girl From Mparo'' | Anne Kansiime | Sitcom |- | 2014 |''Don't Mess With Kansiime'' | Kansiime - Intwari | |- |} Ibihembo * Honorary recognition by the SIIKETV Rising Star Academy Awards, the "Queen of Comedy" 2018 * Comedy YouTube Sub-Saharan Africa Creator Award 2016 * Outstanding Female Comedian 2016 * Teeniez Funniest Comedian 2016 * African Entertainment Awards USA, Best Comedian's Award 2015 * Rising Star – Comedian of the Year 2015 * African Oscar Award for favorite comedian 2015 * Nollywood & African People's Choice Award for favorite comedian 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chano8.com/anne-kansiime-wins-the-nollywood-african-peoples-choice-award-for-favorite-comedian/|title=Anne Kansiime Wins The Nollywood & African People's Choice Award For Favorite Comedian|date=4 August 2015}}</ref> * YouTube silver play button 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pctechmag.com/2015/04/youtube-rewards-anne-kansiime-following-100000-subscribers-milestone/|title=YouTube Rewards Anne Kansiime with a Silver Play Button|date=9 April 2015}}</ref> * AIRTEL Women of Substance Awards 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigeye.ug/top-women-receive-airtel-women-of-substance-awards/|title=Top Women receive Airtel Women of Substance Awards|date=14 March 2014}}</ref> * BEFFTA 2013 (Best Comedian) Winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigeye.ug/ugandas-anne-kansiime-and-dr-jose-chameleone-win-beffta-2013-awards-in-london/|title=Uganda's Anne Kansiime and Dr. Jose Chameleone Win BEFFTA Awards|date=26 October 2013}}</ref> * Lagos International Festival 2013 (Best Actress) Winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kansiimeanne.ug/meeee-winner-of-the-lagos-international-film-festival-best-actress-2013-award/|title=Anne Kansiime, the winner of The Lagos International Film Festival Best Actress|date=20 September 2013}}</ref> * Social Media Awards (Favorite Celebrity) winner<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28642:awards-honour-social-media-enthusiasts|title=Awards honour social media enthusiasts|date=17 November 2013}}</ref> * African Social Awards Malaysia (ASAM) – 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.howwe.biz/256/kansiime-to-scoop-award-in-malaysia.html|title=Kansiime To Scoop Award in Malaysia|date=26 November 2013}}</ref> == Ubugiraneza == Anne Kansiime abinyujije mumuryango we utanga imfashanyo, The Kansiime Foundation, ashyigikira abana batishoboye ariko bafite umucyo mubakomeza mwishuri. Ubu afasha abana barenga 35 haba mu mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye. == Ubucuruzi == Anne Kansiime nawe ari mubucuruzi bwo kwidagadura. Ayobora Kansiime Backpackers kandi iherereye ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Bunyonyi, ikagenzura neza ikiyaga cya Bunyonyi mu Karere ka Kabale, muri Uganda. * [http://www.kansiimeanne.ug/ Urubuga rwemewe] * [https://www.youtube.com/user/KansiimeAnne/about Anne Kansiime kuri YouTube] * [http://kansiimeanne.ug/kansiime-backpackers/ Kansiime] * [http://kansiimeanne.ug/the-kansiime-foundation/ Fondasiyo ya Kansiime] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151019015426/http://www.afrikanmbiu.com/keeping-up-with-kansiime/ Gukomeza hamwe na Kansiime] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Habits-that-keep-me-focused-and-effective/-/689842/2749606/-/item/0/-/11leab5z/-/index.html Ingeso eshatu za Kansiime zo gutsinda] * [http://bigeye.ug/kansiime-anne%EF%BB%BFs-london-interview-on-the-sporah-show-video/ Ikiganiro cya Kansiime Anne i Londres kuri The Sporah Show (VIDEO)] == references == [[Ikiciro:Uganda]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0xbht86qkn1jrzc73vyn0lkznawot3q 0 9218 80105 79653 2021-11-11T11:34:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''100 Days''''' ni film y'ikinamico yakinwe muri 2001 iyobowe na Nick Hughes ikorwa na Hughes na Eric Kabera<ref>https://www.africanfilm.com/products/100-days-1</ref><ref>https://ijambo.net/content/Movie-Review-100-Days-2001.php</ref> . Iyi filime ni ikinamico y'ibyabaye mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/100-days/</ref><ref>https://www.artfilms-digital.com/item/100-days</ref>. Umutwe wa filime werekeza ku buryo butaziguye igihe cyashize kuva jenoside yatangira ku ya 7 Mata kugeza kirangiye hagati muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref>https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/100-days</ref><ref>https://www.fiff.ch/fr/100-days-0</ref> Iyi filime niyo filime ya mbere yakinnye yakozwe kuri jenoside yo mu 1994 kandi yibanda ku buzima [[Abatutsi|bw’umukobwa ukiri muto, w’impunzi w’abatutsi]] ndetse n’uko yagerageje gushaka umutekano mu gihe [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] ikorwa kuva tariki ya 7 Mata kugera tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 1999<ref>https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/</ref>. yafatiwe amashusho ahantu Genocide yo mu [[Rwanda]] yaberey<ref>https://alchetron.com/100-Days-(2001-film)</ref><ref>https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/jac.2.1.49_1</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 47u4z9nqfamy0xvqs1lmeh03noi48ey 0 9219 80103 79655 2021-11-11T11:30:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Kabera''' (wavutse 1970) ni umunyamakuru w' [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]], umukinnyi wa firime akaba ari nawe washinze akaba na perezida w’ikigo cya Sinema cy’u Rwanda.(Rwanda Cinema Center<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/eric-kabera/</ref><ref>https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/</ref> == ibikorwa Yakoze == Kabera ni we washinze kandi akaba na perezida w’ikigo cya Sinema cy’u Rwanda(Rwanda Cinema Center), umuryango ugamije guteza imbere inganda za firime mu gihugu. <ref name="ALL">Kisambira, Timothy. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200804071400.html Rwanda: The Golden Experience of the Silver Screen], [[AllAfrica.com]], April 6, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> <ref name="NEW">Gathoni, Peninnah. [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/index.php?issue=13816&article=13639 Fifth Film Festival to be held in June], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', 2009. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> Kabera yabanje gushyiraho Ikigo nk'umuryango uzahugura abakora amafilime mashya ariko, kuva 2005, iki kigo cyamenyekanye cyane mugutegura iserukiramuco rya cinema ngarukamwaka. <ref name="INDEP">Bloomfield, Steve. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/welcome-to-hillywood-how-rwandas-film-industry-emerged-from-genocides-shadow-463541.html Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow], ''[[The Independent]]'', August 30, 2007. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> <ref name="ALL" /> <ref name="NEW" /> Iserukiramuco rya sinema mu [[Rwanda]], ryiswe "Hillywood" kubera izina ry'u [[Rwanda]] ryiswe "Igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi", ni umunsi mukuru w'ingendo. Bitewe n'icyifuzo cya Kabera cyo kwerekana amafilime ku bantu benshi bashoboka, iserukiramuco ntiribera mu murwa mukuru wa [[Kigali|Kigali gusa]] ahubwo ni filime, cyane cyane izakozwe n'abakora amafilime yo mu Rwanda, . <ref name="INDEP" /><ref>https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/eric-kabera-keeper-of-rwanda-s-memory/</ref> Kabera yatangaje ko ibirori bizatera intambwe yo kutibanda gusa ku kibazo cya jenoside; kurusha ibindi bibazo byimibereho y'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="ABC">[http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/03/28/2201394.htm Don't mention the genocide: Rwanda film industry moves on], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], March 28, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/entertainers-share-recap-their-2020</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inguzanyo |- | 2001 |''[[:en:100_Days_(2001_film)|100 Days]]'' | Producer |- | 2004 |''[[:en:Keepers_of_Memory|Keepers of Memory]]'' | Umwanditsi, umuyobozi, producer |- | 2008 |''[[:en:Iseta:_Behind_the_Roadblock|Iseta: Behind the Roadblock]]'' | Umufatanyabikorwa |- | 2010 |''[[:en:Africa_United_(2010_film)|Africa United]]'' | Producer |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 5c9ozipst2fcozjniryej6g6pgjnn7c 0 9220 80106 79657 2021-11-11T11:40:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sometimes in April''''' ni filime y'akozwe n'abany[[amerika]] muri 2005 ivuga kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.facinghistory.org/books-borrowing/sometimes-april</ref><ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/sometimes-in-april/</ref>, yanditswe kandi iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Hayiti|muri Hayiti]] Raoul Peck. Abakinnyi bagize itsinda barimo Idris Elba, Oris Erhuero, Carole Karemera, na Debra Winger <ref>https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-5/sometimes-april</ref><ref>https://www.hulu.com/movie/sometimes-in-april-224c4c34-3c43-4047-92c6-2bf21dc33d10</ref>. == Uko yateguwe == Bitandukanye na ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', yahawe igihembo cya PG-13 kandi ikaba yaravugaga mu buryo bwihishe inyuma ya jenoside aho kwerekana ku buryo bweruye<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=213298</ref>, iyi filime yari izwiho kwerekana ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ryayihaye TV-MA. Byongeye kandi, amashusho atandukanye yashyizwe mu Rwanda yafatiwe muri Kigali no hafi yayo, hagaragaramo ahantu nyaburanga nka Hotel des Mille Collines ndetse na kiliziya [[Kiriziya y'umuryango mutagatifu|ya Sainte-Famille]]<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/sometimes-in-april/oclc/58805300</ref> <ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/film/sometimes-in-april/</ref>. Filime yabanje kwerekanwa kuri HBO . Nyuma yaje gutangazwa na PBS hanyuma isesengurwa n’umunyamakuru jeff Greenfield hamwe na Paul Bonerwitz hamwe n’abandi<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/sometimes-in-april/2000280433/</ref> <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film711015.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 2jlyutjdhlecp27q1bl8dbxxop84gkh 0 9221 80091 80055 2021-11-11T10:21:56Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osita Iheme''', (yavutse ku ya 20 Gashyantare 1982) ni umukinnyi wa fiimi muri [[Nigeriya]]<ref>https://www.legit.ng/1190165-osita-ihemes-biography-movies.html</ref>. Azwi cyane mu gukina uruhare rwa Pawpaw muri filime Aki na Ukwa hamwe na Chinedu Ikedieze<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Osita-Iheme-4846</ref> . Osita Iheme ni we washinze Inspired Movement Africa yashinze kugira ngo atere imbaraga, ashishikarize kandi akangure imitekerereze y'abasore bo muri Nigeriya n'Abanyafurika. Muri 2007, Iheme yahawe igihembo cya ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' muri African Movie Academy Awards <ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/80-interviews/13010-the-secret-pain-of-osita-iheme-a-k-a-pawpaw</ref>. Afatwa nk'umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi cyane muri Nijeriya. Mu mwaka wa 2011, Osita Iheme yahawe igihembo cyo kuba umwe mubagize iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulica Goodluck Jonathan<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/osita-iheme/m03hjy6d?hl=en</ref> . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Osita Iheme akomoka muri Mbaitoli, muri Leta ya Imo, muri Nijeriya. Iheme yakuriye muri Leta ya Abia kandi afite impamyabumenyi ya MBA yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ikoranabuhanga, Ghaziabad (IMT). Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye muri IMT, yabanje gushaka kuba umunyamategeko ariko akomeza umwuga we wo gukina filime mu 1998, abanza kugaragara mu nshingano ngufi muri filimi<ref>https://buzznigeria.com/osita-iheme-married-wife-facts/</ref><ref>https://celebs99.com/osita-iheme/</ref>. == Icyubahiro == Mu rwego rwo guhemba uruhare rwe mu ma filime asetsa ya muri [[Nigeriya]], mu 2011 yahawe igihembo cy’igihugu cya Nigeriya cy’umunyamuryango w’itegeko rya Repubulika (MFR) na Perezida Goodluck Jonathan<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/140267-osita-iheme</ref>. == Ingaruka == Filimi ya Osita Iheme hamwe na mugenzi we Chinedu Ikedieze muri filime ''Aki na Ukwa yo'' mu 2002 kiracyavugwa cyane kandi aba bombi, cyane cyane imiterere ya Osita, bagiye bagaragara muri memes kuva mu 2019 kuri Twitter no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ibi byaje kumuhesha umufana munini cyane kwisi yose<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/chinedu-ikedieze-and-osita-iheme-in-fatty-and-sons/y8zyjml</ref> <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/african-news/2000162786/popular-nigerian-actor-osita-iheme-pawpaw-set-to-marry-ghanaian-girlfriend</ref>. == Amashusho yagaragayemo == {{Template:Col-begin}}{{col-3}} * Games men play 5: Computer Games is our Game (2018) * The Self-Destruction of Little Mark (2017) * Double Mama (2015) * [[Mirror Boy]] (2010) * Tom and Jerry (Nigerian film) (originally released in 2003, re-released in 2008) * Markus D Millionaire (2008) * Stubborn Flies (2007) * Boys from Holland (2006) * Brain Box (2006) * Criminal Law (2006) * Jadon (2006) * Last Challenge (2006) * Remote Control (2006) * Royal Messengers (2006) * Winning Your Love 2220525505 rs (2006) * Colours of Emotion (2005) * Final World Cup (2005) * Holy Diamond (2005) * I Think Twice (2005) {{Template:Col-break}} * My Business (2005) * The Last Orphan * Reggae Boys (2005) * Secret Adventure (2005) * Spoiler (2005) * Village Boys (2005) * American Husband (2004) * Big Daddies (2004) * Columbia Connection (2004) * Daddy Must Obey (2004) * Mr.Ibu (2004) * [[Baby Police| Baby Police 2]] (2004) * John and Johnny Just Come (2003) * Green Snake (2003) * 2 Rats (2003) * [[Aki na ukwa]] (2003) * I'm in Love (2003) * [[Baby Police]] (2003) * Back from America 2 (2003) * Charge & Bail (2003) {{Template:Col-break}} * Tell Them (2003) * Oke Belgium (2003) * Good Mother (2003) * Informant (2003) * Johnny Just Come (2003) * Nicodemus (2003) * Nwa Teacher (2003) * Twin Brothers (2003) * Aka Gum (2002) * Okwu na uka (2002) {{Template:Col-end}} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3c2ah7xl8wc8eucozydz8eu7yajfibz 0 9222 82318 80092 2022-03-20T08:39:40Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Chinedu Ikedieze''', (yavutse 12 Ukuboza 1977) ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri Nigeriya, rwiyemezamirimo n'umushoramari udasanzwe<ref>https://www.carmart.ng/public/blog/about-chinedu-ikedieze/</ref><ref>https://buzznigeria.com/chinedu-ikedieze-biography-facts/</ref>. Azwi cyane mu gukina na [[Osita Iheme]] muri firime nyinshi nyuma yo gutera imbere nka bombi muri filime ''Aki na Ukwa'' 2002<ref>https://africamagic.dstv.com/actor/chinedu-ikedieze</ref>. Yagaragaye muri firime zirenga 150 mu mwuga umaze imyaka 20. Yakinnye mu ruhare rw'umwana muri filime nyinshi mu buzima bwe akiri muto kubera igihagararo ndetse n'imiterere y'umubiri<ref>https://www.celebheightwiki.com/chinedu-ikedieze-height</ref>. Azwi nka Aki kubera ibikorwa bye muri film ''Aki na Ukwa'' . Mu 2011, yashakanye n'umuhanga mu kwerekana imideli Nneoma Nwaijah maze bombi babyarana umwana wabo wa mbere mu 2012<ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref> == Umwuga == Chinedu yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye muri Aba, muri Leta ya Abia. Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye yakurikiranye Impamyabumenyi ihangane mu buhanzi bwa tiyatere ndetse n'impamyabumeny mu itumanaho rusange yakuye mu kigo gishinzwe imiyoborere n'ikoranabuhanga, Enugu (IMT)<ref>https://austinemedia.com/chinedu-ikedieze-aki-biography-daughter-lifestyle-success-story/</ref>. Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye muri IMT, yabanje gushaka kuba umunyamategeko ariko akomeza umwuga we wo gukina filime mu 1998, abanza kugaragara mu nshingano nto. Yatangiye gukina bwa mbere muri filime Evil Men 1998<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/10/22/chinedu-ikedieze-building-legacy-projects-touching-lives/</ref>. Yiyandikishije mu ishuri rya Flimi rikomeye rya New York mu 2004<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref>. === Ibyo yakoranye na Osita Iheme === [[Dosiye:Aki_and_Paw_Paw.jpg|right|thumb| Aki na Paw Paw]] Yinjiye muri Nollywood muri 2000 maze azamuka cyane muri filime ''Aki na Ukwa'' mu 2002 aho yakinnye cyane muri Aki ari kumwe n’undi mukinnyi muto Osita Iheme<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Chinedu-Ikedieze-4849</ref>. Aba bombi bakunze kwitwa "Aki Paw Paw" kuva iyi filime isohoka kandi bagaragaye hamwe muri firime nyinshi mu bakinnyi ba mbere. Chinedu na Osita bombi bakomeje kubungabunga chimie ya ecran na offscreen ishimwa cyane na Nollywood<ref>https://9jatoday.com/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref>. == Icyubahiro == Mu 2007, Ikedieze yahawe igihembo cya ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' muri African Movie Academy Awards<ref>https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/chinedu-ikedieze-biography/</ref> . Yahawe kandi icyubahiro n'Iteka rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Repubulika ryatanzwe na Perezida wa Nijeriya icyo gihe Goodluck Jonathan kubera uruhare yagize muri Nollywood no mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/chinedu-ikedieze-and-osita-iheme-in-fatty-and-sons/y8zyjml</ref>.  == Umurage == Imyitwarire ye hamwe nabakinnyi bato bakinnyi ba filime Osita Iheme muri film ya ''Aki na Ukwa yo'' mu 2002 iracyavugwa cyane kandi aba bombi cyane cyane imico ya Osita yagiye agaragara muri memes kuva muri 2019 kurubuga rwa Twitter ndetse nizindi mbuga nkoranyambaga ku isi<ref>https://dnbstories.com/2021/06/full-details-of-chinedu-ikediezes-marriage-wife-and-children.html</ref>. Osita yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abakinnyi bakize muri Nijeriya<ref>https://thexplorion.com/chinedu-ikedieze/</ref>. == Amashusho yagayemo == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Notes |- | rowspan="3" |2002 |''Spanner'' |Spanner |with Nkem Owoh |- |''Okwu na uka'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |''Aka Gum'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="14" |2003 |''The Tom and Jerry'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''The Catechist'' | |with John Okafor |- |''Show Bobo: The American Boys'' |Kizzito |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''School Dropouts'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Pipiro'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Onunaeyi: Seeds of Bondage'' | |with Pete Edochie, [[Osita Iheme]], Patience Ozokwor & Clem Ohameze |- |''Lagos Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Family Crisis'' | | |- |''Charge & Bail'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Back from America'' | |with Rita Dominic |- |'''am in Love'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Akpu-Nku'' | | |- |''Aki na ukwa'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''2 Rats'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]], Patience Ozokwor and Amaechi Muonagor |- | rowspan="5" |2004 |''Spanner Goes to Jail'' | |with Nkem Owoh |- |''Not by Height'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Igbo Made'' | | |- |''Big Daddies'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Across the Niger'' | |with Pete Edochie, Kanayo O. Kanayo & Ramsey Nouah |- | rowspan="8" |2005 |''Village Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Spoiler'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Secret Adventure'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Reggae Boys'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''One Good Turn'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''I Think Twice'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Final World Cup'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Colours of Emotion'' |Ebony |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="15" |2006 |''Young Masters'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Winning Your Love'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |'''U' General'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Patience Ozokwor |- |''Sweet Money'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Royal Messengers'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Magic Cap'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Last Challenge'' | |with Kanayo O. Kanayo & [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Kadura'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Jadon'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Games Men Play'' | |with Chioma Chukwuka, Kate Henshaw-Nuttal, Ini Edo, Mike Ezuruonye & Jim Iyke |- |''Criminal Law'' |Hippo |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Brain Masters'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Brain Box'' | |with Kanayo O. Kanayo & [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Boys from Holland'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Blessed Son'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- | rowspan="7" |2007 |''Thunder Storm'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Stubborn Flies'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Spirit of a Prophet'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Clem Ohameze |- |''Powerful Civilian'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Power as of Old'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] & Clem Ohameze |- |''Escape to Destiny'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |''Cain & Abel'' | |with [[Osita Iheme]] |- |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bb24zct9qbsrjuypt8jsmehp0yuaub9 0 9223 82086 82078 2022-02-19T03:57:33Z Ladsgroup 2397 Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]]) wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aki na Ukwa''''' ni filimi yakorewe muri [[Nigeriya]] muri 2002 iyobowe na Amayo Uzo Philips<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/aki-na-ukwa-2/review/2000130929/</ref><ref>https://nigeriandictionary.com/words.php?search_keyword=Aki%20na%20Ukwa&from_link=1</ref>. Muri filime [[Osita Iheme|hagaragaramo Osita Iheme]] na [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] . Filime yatangije umwuga wo gukinana ari abakinnyi bombi Osita na Chinedu kandi iyi film yaranze ubufatanye bwabo bwa mbere<ref>https://tenor.com/view/aki-and-pawpaw-aki-na-ukwa-osita-iheme-pawpaw-chinedu-ikedieze-gif-17368986</ref><ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/80-interviews/13010-the-secret-pain-of-osita-iheme-a-k-a-pawpaw</ref>. Iyi filime yashimiwe cyane ko yafunguye ibitekerezo byiza kandi iyi filime yafashwe nka imwe muri filime nziza kurusha izindi zose muri sinema yo muri Nijeriya ahanini hagamijwe kumenyekanisha Osita Iheme na Chinedu Ikedieze mu nshingano zabo bakina abiyita ba PawPaw na Aki.<ref>https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/tag/aki-na-ukwa/</ref> . <ref>https://moviefit.me/titles/431423-aki-na-ukwa</ref> Aba bombi bahagurukiye kuba ibyamamare maze bahinduka ijuru ryose muri Nijeriya kubera imikorere yabo muri filime kuva yasohoka<ref>https://mediarants.com/significant-news-on-aki-na-ukwa-reboot/</ref>. Kuva icyo gihe, aba bombi bakinnye hamwe muri firime nyinshi mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/the-making-of-aki-and-pawpaw/</ref>. Chukwuka Emelionwu wari uwatunganije iyi filime yashimiwe kuba yararemye abantu baranga "Aki" na "PawPaw"<ref>https://www.movieflavor.com/similar/Aki+na+Ukwa/2003</ref>. == Inyandiko == Abavandimwe babiri bateza akaduruvayo mu rugo rwabo, mu ishuri ryabo ndetse no mu mudugudu wabo wose<ref>https://www.today.ng/topic/aki-na-ukwa</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * [[Osita Iheme]] nka Pawpaw * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] nka Aki * Oby Kechere nka Gladys * Amaechi Muonagor nka Mbakwe * Frances Nsokwu nka Doruka == references == * <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tj34qh3wxpuoco7ey480b11gqzys29g 0 9224 83597 80094 2022-05-14T20:08:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Munyurangabo''''' ni filime [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] yasohotse muri 2007 iyobowe na Lee Isaac Chung <ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/munyurangabo-2009</ref>. Yafatiwe amashusho yose mu [[Rwanda]] hamwe n'abakinnyi [[Rwanda|b'abanyarwanda]], niyo filime yambere yerekana inkuru mu rurimi rw' [[Ikinyarwanda|iKinyarwanda.]]<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/munyurangabo</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2007 ku ya 24 Gicurasi, kandi yegukana igihembo muri AFI Fest 2007. [[Amerika|Umunyamerika]] Roger Ebert impuguke muri filimi yayise filimi y'igitangaza <ref>https://www.filmmovement.com/product/munyurangabo</ref>." == Abakinnyi == * Jeff Rutagengwa - Munyurangabo * Eric Ndorunkundiye - Sangwa * Jean Marie Vianney Nkurikiyinka - Papa Sangwa * Jean Pierre Harerimana - Gwiza * Narcicia Nyirabucyeye - Mama Sangwa * [[Edouard Bamporiki]] - Umusizi == Umusaruro == Nk’uko ikinyamakuru ''The New York Times'' kibitangaza ngo mbere yo gukora iyi filimi, umugore wa Lee Isaac Chung<ref>https://theindependentcritic.com/munyurangabo</ref>, Valerie yari yakoze urugendo mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukorerabushake wo gukorana n’abagizweho n'ingaruka muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/munyurangabo/</ref>, Chung yari yamuherekeje mu [[Rwanda]] yatekereje gukinira filimi muri [[Kigali]] muri 2006<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung ahita aboneraho akanya ko kwerekana ukuri kubijyanye nuko u [[Rwanda]] rwari rumeze akoresheje abanyeshuri yari amaze iminsi yigisha gukina filimi<ref>https://m.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung yanditse filimi ku mpapuro icyenda abifashijwemo n'inshuti (gusa nyuma yaje gushaka abandi banditsi bamufasha kunoza neza inkuru harimo Samuel Gray Anderson<ref>https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C1824464/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung yafashe amashusho ya Munyurangabo mu minsi 11, akorana n'itsinda ry'abakinnyi babanyarwanda.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/movies/29muny.html</ref> == Iterambere ryakurikiyeho == Lee Isaac Chung yakomeje gufasha abo bakinanye kuburyo ubu bakora amafilimi yo mu [[Rwanda]] bikabagirira akamaro abinyujije muri Almond Tree Rwanda<ref>https://mubi.com/films/munyurangabo</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] 00a3bsjg7euzlr3au25u8kdn1ftacss 0 9225 80095 79668 2021-11-11T10:49:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Abouna''''' ( Arabic , English: "Our Father") ni filimi yo muri [[Cade|Chad]] yakinwe muri 2002,iyoborwa na Mahamat Saleh Haroun . Yafatiwe amashusho ahitwa Gaoui na N'Djamena, Tchad.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/nov/22/artsfeatures5</ref> == Umugambi == Abahungu babiri (Tahir na Amine) babyutse mugitondo basanga se yataye umuryango wabo<ref>https://transmettrelecinema.com/film/abouna-notre-pere/</ref>. Barumiwe, batangira kwitwara nabi. Mugihe bareba firime, batekereza ko babona se avugana nabo ,bakiba firime kugirango babone izo kureba<ref>https://www.intofilm.org/films/3084</ref>. Nyina wabo (Achta) amaherezo yihebye maze abohereza ku ishuri rya Koran<ref>https://mountainx.com/movies/reviews/abouna-php/</ref>. Ntibishimye, bateganya guhunga kugeza umuhungu w'imfura akundana n'umukobwa utumva (Khalil)<ref>https://www.reseau-canope.fr/atelier-val-d-oise/cinema/Abouna</ref>. == Gukina no gutanga umusaruro == Ahidjo Mahamat Moussa wakinnye Tahir wimyaka 15, yahawe abahungu ngo ahitemo gukina murumuna we Amine. Yahavuye ahitamo Hamza Moctar Aguid wimyaka umunani kuko yumvaga ko Aguid ashobora kuba murumuna we.<ref>https://www.screendaily.com/abouna-our-father/4011522.article</ref> Nyuma ya buri munsi wo gufata amashusho, film yoherejwe ibirometero 2600 i [[Paris]] kugirango itunganyirizwe<ref>https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/3/29-abouna</ref>. Gusa nyuma yo gutegereza iminsi myinshi, iyo ijambo ryagarukaga rivuga ko ntakibazo, gufata amashusho byarakomezaga. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/abouna.shtml ''Abouna''] by Josh Hillman, [[BBC Four]]</ref> == Ibihembo == Filime yatsindiye ibihembo bikurikira: <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0307913/awards Awards], [[IMDb]]</ref> * 2002 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Hong Kong : Igihembo cya Firebird - Kuvuga bidasanzwe * 2002 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Kerala: Igihembo cya FIPRESCI hamwe na Crow Pheasant * 2003 Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Ouagadougou Panafrican : Igihembo cy'imbuto za Baobab, Cinematografi nziza, Igihembo cya INALCO n'igihembo cya UNICEF ku bwana == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 8qbbjxa33hmwehcy81454nf0s06k3ak 0 9226 80096 79670 2021-11-11T10:55:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Touki Bouki''''' ,( '''''Urugendo rwa Hyena''''' ) ni filime y'ikinamico yo muri 1973 yo muri [[Senegali]], iyobowe na Djibril Diop Mambéty<ref>https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181105-touki-bouki-the-greatest-african-film-ever</ref> . Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1973 <ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/28412-touki-bouki</ref> no mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 8 rya Moscou <ref>https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/touki-bouki-hailed-by-scorsese-and-appropriated-by-beyonce-is-a-highlight-among-african-films-at-cannes-6515711.html</ref>.Iyi filime yagaruwe mu 2008 muri Cineteca di Bologna / L'Immagine Ritrovata Laboratoire na World Cinema Foundation<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/touki-bouki</ref> . Yatoranijwe nka firime ya 93 ikomeye mubihe byose byakozwe na Sight and Sound Critic's Poll.<ref>https://www.cairn.info/revue-multitudes-2015-1-page-33.htm</ref> Mory, umushumba w'inka ufite charismatique utwara moto yashizwemo igihanga gifite amahembe y'inka, na Anta, umunyeshuri w’umukobwa, bahurira i Dakar <ref>https://www.lab111.nl/movie/touki-bouki/</ref>. Abanyamahanga kandi barambiwe ubuzima muri [[Senegali]], barota bajya i Paris bakazana gahunda zitandukanye zo gushaka amafaranga y'urugendo<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Touki_Bouki_-_Journey_of_the_Hyena</ref>. Mory yaje gutsinda kwiba amafaranga, n'imyenda myinshi, murugo rwabakire bahuje igitsina bakize mu gihe aba barimo kwiyuhagira<ref>https://www.sfmoma.org/event/touki-bouki/</ref>. Anta na Mory amaherezo.barashobora kugura amatike y'ubwato bugana mubufaransa<ref>http://africultures.com/touki-bouki-de-quelle-hyene-parle-t-on-7975/</ref>. Ariko igihe Anta yinjiye mu bwato ku cyambu cya Dakar, Mory, yiteguye ku gatsiko kari inyuma ye, yahise afatwa no kutabasha kuva mu mizi, maze ahunga asara asanga moto ye ifite amahembe y'inka, ariko abibona<ref>https://www.janusfilms.com/films/1884</ref>. yangiritse mu mpanuka yahitanye hafi uwagenderaga wari wayitwaye. Ubwato bwahagurutse hamwe na Anta ariko ntabwo ari Mory, wicaye iruhande rw'ingofero ye hasi, yitegereza moto ye yamenetse<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/24758417</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ahdpvutrcd6acb77bjm4xoatwc5alqm 0 9227 80097 79672 2021-11-11T10:59:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Black Girl (1966) ni [[Senegali|Filime yo muri Senegali]] yanditswe numwanditsi / umuyobozi Ousmane Sembène, yakinnye na Mbissine Thérèse Diop <ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/28849-black-girl</ref>. Umutwe wayo '''''wigifaransa ni La noire de…''''', bisobanura ngo "Umukobwa / umugore wumwirabura wa…",<ref>https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/4402-black-girl-self-possessed</ref> , cyangwa " Iyi filime yibanze kuri Diouana, umukobwa ukiri muto wo muri Senegali, wimukiye i Dakar, muri Senegali yerekeza muri Antibes<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/black-girl-2</ref>, mu Bufaransa gukorera umugabo n'umugore b'Abafaransa. Mu Bufaransa, Diouana yizeye gukomeza akazi yakoraga nk'umubyaza<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/black-girl</ref>, kandi ateganya ubuzima bushya bw'isi. Ariko, ageze muri Antibes, Diouana ahura n’umugabo n'umugore, bamuhatira gukora nk'umukozi<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/black-girl--borom-sarret-1969</ref>. Agenda arushaho kumenya imiterere ye ko itandukanye atangira kwibaza ubuzima bwe mubufaransa<ref>https://uchv.princeton.edu/events/black-girl-1966-ousmane-sembene</ref>. Bikunze gufatwa nka firime ya mbere yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara numukinnyi wamafirime nyafurika yitabiriwe n’amahanga.Inkuru ishingiye kubintu byabayeho<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/may/18/black-girl-review-ousmene-sembene-groundbreaking</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Mbissine Thérèse Diop nka Gomis Diouana * Anne-Marie Jelinek nka Madame * Robert Fontaine nka Monsieur * Momar Nar Sene nkumukunzi wa Diouana == Ibihembo == * 1966, Prix Jean Vigo kuri firime nziza<ref>https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/black-girl-1966</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] f93u4rqtqt0o97zv9k5qnzrj5r3226r 0 9228 83601 80099 2022-05-14T20:29:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Cairo Station,''' cyangwa THE IRON GATE'' ( Arabic ''Bāb al-Ḥadīd'' ), ni filime y’akinwe muri 1958 ikinirwa mu Misiri iyobowe na Youssef Chahine <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/dec/01/cairo-station-egyptian-film-streaming</ref>. Iyi filimi yinjiye mu marushanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 8 rya [[Berlin]] <ref>https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/cairo-station</ref>. Iyi filime yatoranijwe mu Misiri nka filimi nziza y’ururimi rw’amahanga mu irushanwa rya 31 bya Osama. <ref>https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/cairo-station</ref> Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, iyi filimi yongeye gushimisha n'ibisekuru bishya by'abakunzi ba filimi mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Cairo_Station</ref>. Insanganyamatsiko zerekanwa muri filimi zirimo itsinda ry’abakozi bo mu mijyi, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, no gukandamiza igitsina gore<ref>https://mubi.com/films/cairo-station</ref>. == Ubusobanuro bw'amateka == Cairo Station yatangiye bwa mbere mu 1958<ref>https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2020/04/review-cairo-station-egypt-movie/</ref>. Hamwe n'ihirikwa ry'ubwami bwa Misiri muri 1952 , ubushobozi bwa Youssef Chahine bwo gukemura insanganya z'abakozi bo mu mijyi, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gukandamiza igitsina gore byari ngombwa kubigaragaza kuko byerekanaga ubuyobozi bubi. <ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/628n4ewu-cairo-station</ref> ubwo ubushobozi yari afite bwamwereraga gusunika imbibi za Sinema yo muri Misiri, ikintu ubusanzwe batashoboraga gukora kuko inganda za filimi zashyizwe mugihugu muri 1966<ref>https://www.madamasr.com/en/2014/09/13/feature/culture/egypts-cinematic-gems-cairo-station/</ref>. Mu guhimba filimi umuhanzi Chahine yagerageje kwerekana neza umuryango wa Misiri nkuko byari bimeze mu myaka ya za 1950 kandi abikora abiha Abanyamisiri ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza imibereho ya Misiri uko yari imeze<ref>https://www.timeout.com/movies/cairo-station</ref>.<ref>https://bunow.com/foreign-film-friday-cairo-station-1958/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Farid Shawqi nka Abu Siri (أبو سريع ' ''Abū Sirīʿ'' ) * Hind Rostom nka Hannuma (هنومة ''Hanūma'' ) * Youssef Chahine nka Qinawi (قناوي ''Qināwī'' ) * Hassan el Baroudi nka Madbouli (مدبولي ''Madbūlī'' ) * Abdel Aziz Khalil nka Abu Gaber (أبو قبر ' ''Abū Qabr'' ) * Naima Wasfy (Wasfi) nka Hallawatim (حلاوتي ''Ḥalāwatī'' ) * Ati Khalil * Abdel Ghani Nagdi * Loutfi El Hakim * Abdel Hamid Bodaoha * F. El Demerdache * El Araby * Ahmed Abaza * Hana Abdel Fattah * Safia Sarwat == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 4o1k11lzbj09fzcaryrm03bh7vgh3tx 0 9229 80100 79677 2021-11-11T11:10:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''I Am Not a Witch''''' ni filime yikinamico yakozwe mu 2017 ku rwego mpuzamahanga yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Rungano Nyoni muri filime ye ya mbere<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/i-am-not-a-witch-2018</ref>. Yerekanwe mu gice cy’abayobozi ba Fortnight mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2017 kandi yegukana igihembo cya BAFTA kubera igihembo cyambere cyatanzwe n’umwanditsi w’Umwongereza<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2018/09/i-am-not-a-witch-rungano-nyoni-interview-zambia-1201999906/</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/movies/i-am-not-a-witch-review.html</ref>, Umuyobozi cyangwa Producer wa Nyoni hamwe na producer Emily Morgan mu bihembo bya 71 bya Filime by’Abongereza<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/i-am-not-a-witch-is-a-remarkable-strange-and-politically-potent-first-film/2018/09/10/f9cbd9d8-b155-11e8-aed9-001309990777_story.html</ref><ref>https://www.filmmovement.com/product/i-am-not-a-witch</ref> . Yatoranijwe muri Filime Nziza Y’ururimi rw’amahanga mu bihembo bya 91 bya Academy, ariko ntabwo yatowe<ref>https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/rungano-nyonizambian-film-i-am-not-a-witch-debuts-on-netflix/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Maggie Mulubwa nka Shula * Nellie Munamonga nk'umupolisi * Dyna Mufuni nk'Umuyobozi * Nancy Murilo nk'Umugiraneza == Umusaruro == Umwanditsi-umuyobozi Rungano Nyoni yakuye igitekerezo mu nkuru zifatika zo gushinja abarozi muri Zambiya. Mu bushakashatsi yakoze kuri iyo filimi, yagiye muri [[Gana]] kandi amara igihe mu nkambi y’abapfumu, yitegereza ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi n'imigenzo yabo<ref>https://mubi.com/films/i-am-not-a-witch</ref><ref>https://www.channel4.com/programmes/i-am-not-a-witch</ref>. === Amashimwe === I am not a witch yakusanyije intsinzi nyinshi hamwe naba nomination mubirori byinshi byingenzi bya firime nibihembo bya firime, harimo gutsindira ibihembo bya 71 bya British Academy Film Awards ibihembo byambere byatanzwe n'umwanditsi wumwongereza, Diregiteri cyangwa Producer hamwe nabatoranijwe 10 nabatsinze batatu muri Independent yu Bwongereza Ibihembo bya Filime 2017<ref>https://www.wbur.org/news/2018/09/28/i-am-not-a-witch-review</ref><ref>https://www.institutfrancais.com/en/work/i-am-not-a-witch-by-rungano-nyoni</ref> . Yatsindiye igihembo cya Feature Fiction mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Adelayide 2017<ref>https://rogersmovienation.com/2020/03/31/movie-review-i-am-not-a-witch/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tlaivt39jrsyaqljg97pzaf0wlt5sa2 0 9230 80101 79679 2021-11-11T11:20:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Abakinnyi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''District 9''''' ni filime y'ibikorwa bya siyanse yo mu 2009.<ref>https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/district9</ref><ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/district-9-2009</ref> iyobowe na Neill Blomkamp mu mashusho ye ya mbere yakinnye<ref>https://www.space.com/district-9-sequel-is-coming-director-says</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jul/23/will-we-ever-get-to-see-neill-blomkamps-mooted-district-9-sequel-based-on-american-history</ref>, yanditswe na Blomkamp na Terri Tatchell, ikorwa na Peter Jackson na Carolynne Cunningham<ref>https://district9.fandom.com/wiki/District_9_(film)</ref> <ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2021/08/neill-blomkamp-district-9-writing-stage-1234656268/</ref>. Ni filimi yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Nuveli Zelande|Nouvelle-Zélande]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/district-9</ref> <ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/district-9</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Sharlto Copley, Jason Cope, na David James, kandi yakuwe muri filime ngufi ya Blomkamp yo mu 2006 ''Alive i Joburg''<ref>https://reelrundown.com/movies/The-Real-Story-Behind-District-9</ref> <ref>https://www.wired.com/2009/05/district-9-chilling-look-at-alien-apartheid/</ref>. == references == [[Dosiye:SharltoCopleyCCJuly09.jpg|right|thumb| Sharlto Copley yamamaza film muri San Diego Comic-Con muri Nyakanga 2009]] [[Dosiye:DavidJamesFacesofHope.jpg|right|thumb| Umukinnyi w'inararibonye muri Afurika y'Epfo David James yerekanye Koobus Venter]] [[Dosiye:NeillBlomkampCCJuly09.jpg|right|thumb| Neill Blomkamp muri San Diego Comic-Con 28 Nyakanga 2008]] ehgsigzkpy5y33ttxu5wkieli8wkhtg 0 9231 80102 79681 2021-11-11T11:25:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waiting for Happines'''s (cyangwa: '''''Heremakono''''' ) ni filime y'ikinamico yo muri [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]] yakozwe muri 2002 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Abderrahmane Sissako <ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/5181/waiting-for-happiness</ref>. abakinnyi nyamukuru ni umunyeshuri, wagarutse iwabo i Nouadhibou, umutoza w’umwana, hamwe n’abagore baho<ref>https://www.celluloid-dreams.com/waiting-for-happiness</ref>. Iyi filime irangwa nuruhererekane rwerekana ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'abantu bavugwa mu mico yabo yihariye y’umuco nyafurika n’abarabu, mu gihe hari ibyo bakura muri tropes yigihe cya Tayeb Saleh cyo kwimukira mu majyaruguru ( موسم الهجرة إلى الشمال )<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Waiting_for_Happiness_-_En_attendant_le_bonheur</ref>. Abareba bagomba kwisobanurira ibyabaye nta ruhare runini rw'abavuga cyangwa umugambi<ref>https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/44/18170-waiting-for-happiness</ref>, , ibyinshi bikaba bigarukwaho mubindi bikorwa muri opus ya Abderrahmane Sissako, harimo amashusho kuri saro yogosha hamwe nicyumba cyamafoto, nacyo kiboneka muri ''La Vie Sur Terre'' <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2003/10/13/waiting_for_happiness_2003_review.shtml</ref> . Iyi filime irerekana ibihe bisanzwe bya Mauritania byubwiza, urugamba, kwitandukanya, no gusetsa, bibaho mumatsinda atandukanijwe muburyo butandukanye<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/News_Story/Critic_Review/Observer_review/0,,1071171,00.html</ref>, nkabagore ba Bidhan banywa icyayi no gusebanya, abimukira bo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba banyura muri Mauritania kugirango bagere i Burayi <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/heremakono-waiting-for-happiness/</ref>. Umusore w'intwari wagarutse akorana naya matsinda yose nk'umuntu wo hanze, mugihe arwana no kwibuka ndetse nimvugo ye y'icyarabu ya Hassaniya, ariko ahitamo ahubwo [[igifaransa]] <ref>https://www.nziff.co.nz/2002/archive-1/waiting-for-happiness/</ref>. . Waiting for Happiness yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2002 mu gice cya Un Certain Regard <ref>https://poets.org/poem/waiting-happiness</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Khatra Ould Abder Kader nka Khatra * Maata Ould Mohamed Abeid nka Maata * Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamed nka Abdallah * Nana Diakité nka Nana * Fatimetou Mint Ahmeda nka Soukeyna, nyina * Makanfing Dabo nka Makan * Santha Leng nka Tchu == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 51dodfntt7ihgl8wimeut7hiajes3z8 0 9232 80061 80060 2021-11-11T03:58:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki The Battle of Algiers ni filimi yakinwe n'abataliyani bafatanyije n'abanyalijeliya yakinwe muri 1966 ivuga kumateka yanditswe na iyoborwa Gillo Pontecorvo na Star Jean Martin na Saadi Yacef<ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/248-the-battle-of-algiers</ref> . Ishingiye ku bikorwa byakozwe n’inyeshyamba mu gihe cy’intambara ya Alijeriya (1954–1962) kurwanya leta y’Ubufaransa muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, icyagaragaye cyane ni Intambara izwi ku izina rya Algiers, umurwa mukuru wa Alijeriya<ref>https://theconversation.com/the-battle-of-algiers-an-iconic-film-whose-message-of-hope-still-resonates-today-170121</ref>. Yafatiwe amashusho ahantu hateguwe na Roberto Rossellinimu buryo bwa newsreel style: umwirabura n'umuzungu hamwe no guhindura ubwoko bwa documentaire kugirango hongerwe kumyumvire yukuri kwamateka, hamwe nabakinnyi badafite umwuga babayeho kurugamba nyarwo.<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-battle-of-algiers-1967</ref> Amanota ya film yahimbwe na Ennio Morricone . Bikunze guhuzwa na cinema yo mubutaliyani<ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/battle-of-algiers-historical-truth-and-filmic-representation/</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze cyane cyane ku barwanyi b'impinduramatwara Ali La Pointe mu myaka iri hagati ya 1954 na 1957, igihe abarwanyi b'inyeshyamba za FLN bishyira hamwe bakaguka i Casbah, umurwa mukuru wa [[Alijeriya]]<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Battle-of-Algiers</ref>. Ibikorwa byabo byahuye nabaparakomando b'Abafaransa bagerageza kugarura akarere kari karafashwe. Filime cyane ivuga kubyerekeye imitwe yitwara gisirikari hamwe nuburyo butemewe, nkiyicarubozo, byakoreshwaga nimbaraga zabakoloni . Alijeriya yashoboye kubona ubwigenge bw'Abafaransa<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/the-battle-of-algiers</ref>. Filime yarashimiwe cyane. Imitwe yombi y'inyeshyamba hamwe n'abayobozi ba leta basanze ari ibisobanuro by'ingenzi ku ntambara yo mu mujyi <ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Battle-of-Algiers </ref>. Ifite umwanya wa 48 kuri ''Filime 250 za Critics ''' ''Amajwi ya Sight &amp;amp; Sound'' 2012<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/may/11/drama.worldcinema</ref>, ndetse n’umwanya wa 120 ku ''rutonde rw’ikinyamakuru Empire'' ku rutonde rwa "Filime 500 zikomeye mu bihe byose<ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/the-battle-of-algiers/</ref>". Yatoranijwe kugirango yinjire kurutonde rwa " Filime 100 zo mu Butaliyani zigomba gukizwa ". Ikibazo kijyanye na sociopolitiki, film ntabwo imaze imyaka itanu yerekanwe mubufaransa 1971<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41689226.pdf</ref>. [[Dosiye:Alger_algiers_casbah_1900.jpg|thumb| Casbah, aho film yafatiwe]] [[Dosiye:Battle-of-Algiers-screenshot.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Mahmoud, Hassiba, Omar Nto, na Ali La Pointe mu bwihisho.]] == abakinnyi == * Jean Martin nka Coloneli Philippe Mathieu * Brahim Haggiag nka Ali La Pointe * Yacef Saadi nka Saari Kader / El-Hadi Jafar * Tommaso Neri nka Kapiteni Dubois * Samia Kerbash nka Fathia * Ugo Paletti nka Kapiteni * Fusia El Kader nka Halima * Franco Moruzzi * Mohamed Ben Kassen nka Omar Nto [[Dosiye:Saadi_Yacef,_Picci_and_Gillo_Pontecorvo_1966.jpg|thumb| Umuyobozi w’Ubutaliyani, Gillo Pontecorvo (second from right) kumwe n’umugore we Picci n’umukinnyi wa Alijeriya ndetse n’umufatanyabikorwa witwa Saadi Yacef wifotoje iruhande rw’abashyitsi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya 27 rya Venice, aho iyi filime yatsindiye Intare ya Zahabu .]] ==== references ==== symq1wtp9shqytant3r2t7ejlqhiepy 0 9233 80062 80033 2021-11-11T04:06:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Season of Men''' ni filime y'ikinamico yo mu 2000 [[Ubufaransa|y’Abafaransa]]-[[Tuniziya]] iyobowe na Moufida Tlatli<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/The_Season_of_Men_-_Maussim_al-riyal</ref> . Yerekanwe mu gice cya Un Certain Regard mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2000<ref>https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/44/18241-the-season-of-men</ref> . Umutwe wa filime, Igihe cy'abagabo, werekeza ukwezi kumwe kwumwaka abagabo baza ku kirwa cya Djerba<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/3345</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Rabia Ben Abdallah nka Aicha (nka Rabiaa Ben Abdallah) * Sabah Bouzouita nka Zeineb * Ghalia Benali nka Meriem (nka Ghalla Ben Ali) * Hend Sabri nka Emna * Ezzedine Gannoun nkuko byavuzwe (nka Ezzedine Guennoun) * Mouna Noureddine nka Matriarch * Azza Baaziz nka Meriem akiri umwana * Lilia Falkat nka Emna nkumwana * Adel Hergal nka Aziz * Houyem Rassaa nka Zohra * Kaouther Bel Haj Ali nka Fatma * Néjib Belkadhi nka Sami * Jamal Madani nka Younes * Sadok Boutouria nka Am Ali * Zakia Ben Ayed nka Regaya * Wajiha Jendoubi nka Salwa == Umugambi == Umusore w'imyaka 18 ku kirwa cya Djerba, Aïcha, yashakanye na Said, ukora muri Tuniziya igihe kinini cy'umwaka<ref>https://filmsdulosange.com/en/film/the-season-of-men/</ref>. Mbere yuko ashobora kubana na we muri Tuniziya, Said amusaba ko yamuha umuhungu<ref>https://www.istanbulmodern.org/en/cinema/the-season-of-men_2779.html</ref>. Ku kirwa cya Djerba, Aïcha abaho ategekwa na nyirabukwe, hamwe n'abandi bagore bake, mu gihe abagabo babo bakorera ahandi<ref>https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/the-season-of-men-1117780961/</ref>. Aïcha yaje kubyara umuhungu kandi yemerewe kwimukira muri Tuniziya hamwe n'umugabo we. Ariko, umuhungu we Aziz afite ibibazo by'ubuzima, bigatuma Saïd amwanga. Aïcha asubira i Djerba, kuri iyi nshuro ari kumwe n'umuhungu we Aziz n'abakobwa be babiri bakuru<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/06/27/la_saison_des_hommes_2001_review.shtml</ref>. Iyi filime ikoresha ibintu byinshi byagaragaye hagati ya Aïcha n’abakobwa be bato batuye i Djerba mbere y’ivuka rya Aziz hanyuma igaragara muri iki gihe, aho Aziz afite imyaka umunani, mbere yuko asubira i Djerba<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/28/movies/film-review-married-but-seldom-with-a-husband.html</ref>. Filime irangira Aïcha na Aziz bakorana bombi bakora imyenda, bakora kaseti Aïcha agurisha. Filime irangira umukobwa muto wa Aïcha Emna agenda, Aïcha na Aziz babana i Djerba<ref>https://podiumaudio.com/book-series/seasons-of-man/</ref>. == references == 9j19b1sbrjxytfwmoxj8bcvcoinebmf 0 9234 80063 80034 2021-11-11T04:11:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yeelen''''' ( Bambara kuri "umucyo" / "urumuri") ni film yo muri [[Mali]] yakinwe muri 1987 iyobowe na Souleymane Cissé<ref>https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/filmnotes/fns05n4.html</ref> . Ifata amashusho mu ndimi za Bambara na Fula, kandi ishingiye ku mugani wabwiwe n'abaturage ba Bambara<ref>https://mubi.com/notebook/posts/more-than-a-malian-monomyth-close-up-on-yeelen</ref> . Nubwo ibihe bitarasobanurwa neza, birashoboka ko byashyizweho mu kinyejana cya 13 mu bwami bwa Mali <ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820136</ref>, kandi ni inkuru yo gushakisha ubutwari irimo ubumaji no kuvumbura.<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Yeelen_-_Brightness</ref> Irimo Issiaka Kane nka Nianankoro, umusore [[Afurika|wumunyafurika]] ufite imbaraga zubumaji<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Yeelen_-_Brightness</ref>. Niamanto Sanogo akina nka se wa Niankoro, ukurikirana umuhungu we binyuze mu bihugu bya Bambara, Fulani na Dogon byo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba akoresheje inkingi y'ibiti by'amayobera kugira ngo amuyobore. <ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Yeelen_-_Brightness</ref> * == Abakinnyi == *Issiaka Kane - Nianankoro * Aoua Sangare - Attou * Niamanto Sanogo - Soma / Djigui * Balla Moussa Keita - Rouma Boll, Fula king * Soumba Traore - Mah * Ismaila Sarr - Bofing * Youssouf Tenin Cissé - Le petit garçon d'Attou * Koke Sangare - Komo chief == ibikombe == ''Yeelen'' yahuye nitsinzi ikomeye, <ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/film/yeelen</ref> ahabwa igihembo cyabacamanza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1987 . Yatowe kandi igihembo cya Golden Palm umwaka umwe<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/yeelen-brightness/</ref>. Yatowe muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga muri Film Independent Spirit Awards<ref>https://transmettrelecinema.com/film/yeelen-la-lumiere/</ref> . [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKz68TZ9U4I Umuhango ngarukamwaka wa 4 wo gutanga ibihembo byumwuka wakiriwe na Buck Henry - igitaramo cyuzuye (1989) | Filime Yigenga kuri YouTube] Ni mwanya # 94 mu ''Nganji'' kinyamakuru "The 100 Best Films w'isi Cinema" mu 2010. <ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/yeelen</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] bk4g8zqxkboovn6lhxsdafzofvfkovi 0 9235 80064 80035 2021-11-11T04:15:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Chronicle of the Years of Fire''''' ( Arabic ; French ; aya mazina yombi asobanura "Chronicle of the Year of Embers ") ni filime yamateka yikinamico yo muri Alijeriya yakinwe muri 1975 iyobowe na Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina<ref>https://www.tiff.net/events/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire</ref> <ref>https://www.institut-francais.org.uk/cine-lumiere/whats-on/festivals-series/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire/</ref>. Irerekana Intambara yo kwigenga ya Alijeriya nkuko bigaragara mumaso y'umuhanzi<ref>https://mubi.com/films/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/films/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire</ref>. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya ''Palme d'Or'' mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1975<ref>https://africa.film/the-chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire-a-mohammed-lakhdar-hamina-feature-film/</ref> <ref>http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/863603437</ref>. Yatoranijwe kandi nk'iyinjira muri Alijeriya muri Filime Nziza y'indimi z'amahanga mu bihembo bya 48 bya Academy, ariko ntiyakirwa nk'umukandida.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire/m0c7_g1?hl=en</ref> <ref>https://screenworlds.org/announcements/chronicles-of-the-years-of-fire-1975-rare-film-screening-at-institut-francaiss-cine-lumiere/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://politfilm.com/2014/02/15/chronicle-of-the-years-of-fire/</ref> == * Yorgo Voyagis - Ahmed * Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina - Le conteur fou * Hadj Smaine Mohamed Seghir - Umudugudu wa Sage du * Leila Shenna - La femme * Cheikh Nourredine - L'ami * François Maistre - Le contremaître de la carrière == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] io8cmc2nw3wcdie477fqewiqc0qrecf 0 9236 80065 80036 2021-11-11T04:20:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yaaba''''' ni filime y’ikinamico ya [[Burukina Faso|Burkinabé yo mu]] 1989 yanditswe, yakozwe, kandi iyobowe na Idrissa Ouedraogo, "imwe muri filime zizwi cyane zo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara"<ref>http://www.ghafla.com/music/don-elvi-yaaba-ft-yaw-tog-kweku-flick/</ref><ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/shop/DVD/Yaaba</ref>. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Sakura Gold mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Tokyo mu 1989<ref>https://www.capuseen.com/films/1508-yaaba</ref>. Iyi filime yatoranijwe muri Burkinabé muri Filime Nziza Y’ururimi rw’amahanga mu bihembo bya 62 bya Academy, ariko ntiyemerwa nk'umukandida. <ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Yaaba</ref> Iyi filime ''yavuzweho na documentaire ngufi Parlons Grand-mère'', yafashwe igihe yatunganyirizwaga na Djibril Diop Mambéty<ref>https://www.cinefil.com/film/yaaba</ref> . == Umugambi == Mu mudugudu wa Mossi [[Burukina Faso|muri Burkinafaso]], Bila (Noufou Ouédraogo), umuhungu w'imyaka icumi, agirana ubucuti n'umukecuru witwa Sana (Fatimata Sanga), washinjwaga kuroga n'umudugudu we. Gusa Bila ''aramwubaha'', akamwita yaaba (Nyirakuru)<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/yaaba/</ref>. Igihe mubyara wa Bila, Nopoko (Roukietou Barry), arwaye, umugabo w’umuganga ashimangira ko Sana yibye roho y’umukobwa. Sana akora urugendo rurerure kandi rutoroshye ariko amaherezo aratsinda kugirango abone imiti irokora ubuzima bwa Nopoko, ariko aracyafatwa nk'umurozi<ref>https://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/en/film/yaaba/</ref>.Sana amaze gupfa, impamvu nyayo ituma yangwa mu mudugudu iragaragara, ariko urukundo n'ubwenge yashoye muri Bila na Nopoko birakomeza<ref>https://www.cinefil.com/film/yaaba</ref>. == Ibihembo == * Igihembo cya FIPRESCI (Cannes, 1989) == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] btmaitce7zf1vmfm641hxb2yc0qcujv 0 9237 80066 80037 2021-11-11T04:31:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Of Good Report''' ni filime y’urukundo yo muri [[Afurika]] y'epfo yakinwe 2013, iyobowe na Jahmil XT Qubeka<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/21/world/africa/of-good-report-movie-ban/index.html</ref> . Filime yari ifite Mothusi Magano na Petronella Tshuma mu nshingano zabo<ref>http://www.mnestudies.com/report-writing/qualities-and-characteristics-good-reports</ref>. Mu bihembo bya 10 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards, yari bifite ibihembo byinshi , kandi yegukana igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy Academy cya Filime Nziza<ref>http://compassfilms.is/productions/of-good-report/</ref> <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/of-good-report/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2013<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/of_good_report<nowiki/>Of Good Report – Cast & Crew on MUBI <nowiki>https://mubi.com</nowiki> › films › of-good-report › cast</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2013, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 34 rya Durban<ref>https://variety.com/2013/film/global/of-good-report-review-1200798187/</ref>,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/oct/14/of-good-report-london-film-festival-review</ref> filime yatoranijwe mbere yo gufungura iri serukiramuco yatangaje ko yabujijwe na Fondasiyo y’igihugu ya Filime na Video kubera ko irimo "porunogarafiya y’abana", iki cyemezo cyaje gukurwaho nyuma y’ubujurire n'abatunganya firime<ref>https://www.nfvf.co.za/home/index.php?ipkArticleID=8</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.lacp.com/annual-report-awards.htm</ref> == * Mothusi Magano nka Parker Sithole * Petronella Tshuma nka Nolitha Ngubane * Tshamano Sebe nka Vuyani * Lee-Ann Van Rooi nka Const. Arendse * Tina Jaxa nk'umuyobozi w'ikigo * Thobi Mkhwanazi nka Squeeza * Nomhle Nkonyeni nka Nyiricyubahiro * Lihlebo Magugu nka Sipho * Frances Ndlazilwana nka Nyirakuru * Mary Twala nka Esther Sithole == Umugambi == Filime ivuga amateka y'umubano w'urukundo rudakwiye hagati y'umwarimu w'ishuri ryisumbuye numwe m'ubanyeshuri be b'abakobwa. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] fmr3m3ds0nblv646a7zj5hvugg7b5ma 0 9238 80067 80038 2021-11-11T04:35:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beauty''' ni filime yo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo ya 2011 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Oliver Hermanus<ref>https://mubi.com/films/beauty-2011</ref> . Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu gice cya Un Certain Regard mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2011<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film195631.html</ref> . Iyi filime yatoranijwe nk'iyinjira muri Afurika y'Epfo muri Filime nziza y'ururimi rw'amahanga mu bihembo bya 84 bya Osama, ariko ntabwo yakoze urutonde rwa nyuma<ref>https://www.videodetective.com/movie/beauty-26595</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/beauty-2011/</ref> == * Deon Lotz nka François van Heerden * Roeline Daneel nka Anika van Heerden * Kurega Diepeveen nka Marika Roodt * Charlie Keegan nka Christian Roodt * Albert Maritz nka Willem Roodt * Michelle Scott nka Elena van Heerden == Kwakira neza == Filime yakiriwe neza n'abayireba. Isubiramo ryegeranya Rotten Tomatoes ivuga ko 83% by'abanegura umwuga bahaye filime isuzuma ryiza, naho impuzandengo ya 6.8 kuri 10. <ref>http://www.filmblerg.com/2012/07/31/film-review-beauty-2011/</ref> Abenshi mu banegura bashimye imikorere ya Deon Lotz <nowiki>, Peter Bradshaw wo muri ''</nowiki> ''The Guardian'' 'yise "Igikorwa gikomeye, ariko cyihishe kandi kitoroshye"<ref>https://roobla.com/16913/beauty-skoonheid-2011-movie-review/</ref> . David Parkinson wo mu kinyamakuru Empire Magazine na we yashimye Lotz, kandi mu nyenyeri eshatu kuri eshanu zasuzumye incamake y'urubanza rwe agira ati: "Nubwo iri zina, hari imbaraga mbi kuri ubu bushakashatsi bwo gutwarwa n'uburakari<ref>https://www.simbasible.com/beauty-movie-review/</ref>." == Ibihembo == ''Ubwiza'' bwahawe igihembo cya Queer Palm mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2011. Umukinnyi Deon Lotz yakiriwe bidasanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Zurich 2011 kubera ibikorwa bye muri iyi filime<ref>https://alchetron.com/Beauty-(2011-film)</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] eghh1bxp2uqjkpelloi6wmegmtb080m 0 9239 80068 80039 2021-11-11T04:44:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umusaruro */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Wedding Party''''' ni filimi yo muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] yakinwe muri 2016 iyoborwa Kemi Adetiba <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_wedding_party_2016</ref><ref>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/679574/pdf</ref>. Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 8 Nzeri 2016 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto muri [[Kanada]] no ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 2016 muri Eko Hotel na Suites i Lagos <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/371619-wedding-party-1-named-highest-grossing-nollywood-movie-of-the-decade.html</ref>. Iyi filime yasohotse ku isi yose ku ya 16 Ukuboza 2016, iba filime yinjije amafaranga menshi muri Nijeriya<ref>http://africultures.com/films?no=18599</ref>; agahigo kaciwe muri 2017 nurukurikirane rwayo ''Ubukwe'' <ref>https://esosaomousoh.medium.com/movie-review-the-wedding-party-71a508197e9c</ref> . == Umusaruro == Filime yakozwe na ELFIKE Film Collective. yayobowe na Kemi Adetiba<ref>https://www.blackfilm.com/read/2016/09/tiff-2016-the-wedding-party-film-review/</ref>. <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=28136.html</ref> ELFIKE Film Collective ni ubufatanye bwamazu ane akomeye atunganyiriza filimi muri Nijeriya: EbonyLife Films, FilmOne Distribution, Inkblot Productions na Koga studios<ref>https://www.insidenolly.ng/the-wedding-party/</ref>. == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere i Toronto ku ya 8 Nzeri 2016 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto (TIFF). <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/11/wedding-party-2-hits-cinemas-soon/</ref> Muri Kanama 2017, filime yashyizwe ahagaragara kuri Netflix . == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] hi0dq0r8rxdqqenxz5z2qquv4ls5ovi 0 9240 80069 80040 2021-11-11T04:50:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kaddu Beykat''''' ( Letter from My Village cyagwa ''Lettre paysanne'' ) ni filime yo [[Senegali|muri Senegal yo mu]] 1975 iyobowe na Safi Faye<ref>https://www.cccb.org/en/activities/file/kaddu-beykat/235140</ref> . Niyo filime ya mbere yerekanwe yakozwe n’umugore wo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yatanzwe mu bucuruzi kandi izana amahanga ku muyobozi wayo. <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/letter-from-my-village-kaddu-beykat/</ref> <ref>https://africa.film/kaddu-beykat-a-safi-faye-feature-film/</ref> Ishingiye ku rukundo, ivuga ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'abantu bo mucyaro cya Senegal<ref>http://lightindustry.org/safifaye</ref>. == Umugambi == Ngor ni umusore uba mu mudugudu wa Senegali wifuza kurongora Coumba. amapfa yo mu mudugudu afite ingaruka kubihingwa<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.letter-from-my-village-kaddu-beykat.7293.html</ref>, nuko Ngor ntashobore kubona inkwano ya Columba<ref>https://www.torinofilmfest.org/en/16-torino-film-festival/film/kaddu-beykat/1276/</ref>. Yagiye mu murwa mukuru wa Senegali, Dakar, kugira ngo agerageze gushaka amafaranga menshi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film268466.html</ref> . Agaruka ku baturage maze abwira abandi ibyamubayeho mu mujyi<ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/a-z/film-details/w/10839/</ref>. Iyi nkuru yerekana ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'abaturage, ivuga uburyo bw'ibaruwa yandikiye inshuti ye, izwi nka Faye. <ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/kaddu-beykat/cast/2000025481/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Assane Faye nka Ngor * Maguette Gueye nka Coumba == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] km5hre2fe4hjg8clazmwo860nzyf65v 0 9241 80070 80041 2021-11-11T04:55:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Abakinnyi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Nightingale's Prayer''''' ni film yo mu misiri yakozwe muri 1959 iyoborwa na Henry Barakat kandi ishingiye kuri novel y'umwanditsi ukomeye Taha Hussein . Irimo Faten Hamama na Ahmed Mazhar<ref>https://www.madamasr.com/en/2014/08/23/feature/culture/egypts-cinematic-gems-the-nightingales-prayer/</ref><ref>https://www.madamasr.com/en/2014/08/23/feature/culture/egypts-cinematic-gems-the-nightingales-prayer/</ref> <ref>https://www.theculturist.com/home/for-the-love-of-film-noir-a-nightingales-prayer.html</ref>. Mu 1996, mugihe k'imyaka 100 ya Sinema yo muri Egiputa, iyi film yatoranijwe murimwe mu mafilime 150 meza yo muri Egiputa<ref>https://trakt.tv/movies/the-nightingale-s-prayer-1959</ref>. Yakiriye igihembo cyishimiwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’imashusho y’ubuhanzi n’ubumenyi kandi yatoranijwe muri Filime nziza y’ururimi rw’amahanga mu bihembo bya 32 bya Academy, ariko ntiyemerwa nk'umukandida.<ref>https://trakt.tv/movies/the-nightingale-s-prayer-1959</ref> <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the-nightingales-prayer</ref> Yinjiye kandi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 10 rya Berlin<ref>https://b.worldmisc.com/read/the-nightingale-s-prayer</ref> . == Abakinnyi == * Faten Hamama nka Amna * Ahmed Mazhar nka injeniyeri * Amina Rizk nka Amna na Nyina wa Hanady * Zahrat El-Ola nka Hanady * Abdel Alim Khattab nka nyirarume Gabber * Mimi Chakib nka Zanooba * Raga El Geddawy nka Khadeeja == Kwakira == Mu 2020, Peter Bradshaw wo mu ''kinyamakuru The Guardian'' ''Isengesho rya Nightingale'' nka filime ya 19 ikomeye muri Afurika yabayeho mu bihe byose, ayita " melodrama yo kwihorera bidasanzwe, cyangwa Umugani w'ubwiza-na-nyamaswa <ref>https://www.filmindependent.org/events/arab-cinema-series-the-nightingales-prayer/</ref>." == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] muh4ovjdylmvlbmdc9wzwiu9d5ml5i6 0 9242 79703 2021-11-02T02:07:38Z 78.190.236.6 Nishimiye gutanga umusanzu muri Wikipedia. wikitext text/x-wiki Ko te Times Amashuri Makuru (THE), i mua ko te Times Amashuri Makuru Yongeyeho (THES), we moheni Ingarangi e whakaatu ana i nga korero me nga gufata e pa ana ki te maatauranga teitei. == Nyirubwite == TPG Capital yaguze uburezi bwa TSL muri Charterhouse mu masezerano miliyoni 400 zama pound muri Nyakanga 2013 maze ihindura TSL Education, muri yo Amashuri Makuru ayigiramo uruhare, nka TES Global. Kugura kwa TPG byagaragaje impinduka ya gatatu nyir'ubwite mu gihe kitarenze imyaka icumi ya Times Higher Education, yari isanzwe ifitwe na News International mbere yo kugurwa na Exponent Private Equity mu 2005. Muri Werurwe 2019, itsinda ryigenga ryigenga Inflexion Pvt. Equity Partners LLP yaguze Times Amashuri Makuru muri TPG Capital, ibaye ba nyirayo ba kane mumyaka 15. Nyuma yo kugurwa nitsinda ryigenga ryigenga, Times Higher Education yakozwe nkikigo cyigenga kuva TES Global. Ishoramari ryakozwe na Inflexion yihariye yo kugura isoko ryo hagati. Umujyanama wihariye wo kugura na Inflexion ni Houlihan Lokey, isosiyete ishora imari yafashije mbere amatsinda menshi y’abikorera ku giti cyabo kubona amashyirahamwe y’uburezi yunguka. Nyuma yo kugura, Houlihan Lokey yavuze ko itsinda ry’Amashuri Makuru risanzwe rizakora kugira ngo rihuze ibyifuzo by’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa, kandi harebwe no kugurisha abakiriya bahari. == Amateka == Kuva ku nomero yacyo ya mbere, mu 1971, kugeza mu 2008, The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) yasohotse mu buryo bw'ikinyamakuru kandi yavutse, kandi ifatanya n'ikinyamakuru The Times. Ku ya 10 Mutarama 2008, yasubukuwe nk'ikinyamakuru. Yasohowe na TES Global, kugeza mu Kwakira 2005 yari igabana rya News International Rupert Murdoch. Ikinyamakuru cyateguwe na John Gill. Phil Baty ni umwanditsi mukuru, kandi ashinzwe gukwirakwiza mpuzamahanga. Ni n'umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru World University Rankings. Iki kinyamakuru kirimo inkingi mpimbano yanditswe na Laurie Taylor, "Poppletonian", igaragaza ubuzima muri kaminuza ya Poppleton. Mu mwaka wa 2011, Times Higher Education yahawe igihembo cyiswe "Ikinyamakuru cy’ubucuruzi cy’icyumweru" na "Media Business Brand of the Year" n’ishyirahamwe ry’abanditsi babigize umwuga. Muri 2019, byavuzwe cyane ko Elsevier usanzwe akorana na THE mu rwego rwo gukusanya urutonde rwabo muri kaminuza, yateganyaga kwigarurira Times Higher Education burundu. Muri Kanama 2020, Times Higher Education yatangaje ubufatanye n’ikigo gishinzwe gushaka abakozi SI-UK hamwe n’umushinga w’amacumbi Casita, byerekana ko cyinjiye mu kwinjiza abanyeshuri mu mahanga no ku masoko y’imiturire y’abanyeshuri. Ku ya 11 Nzeri 2020, Studyportals ikorera mu Buholandi yatangaje ko yagiranye amasezerano na Times Higher Education, izasura abanyeshuri basura urubuga rwa Times Higher Education berekeje ku rubuga rw’abanyeshuri ba Studyportals igihe cyose abanyeshuri bareba amasomo ayobowe na kaminuza THE THE iri mu Urutonde rwa Kaminuza Yisi. == Urutonde rwa kaminuza == Ingingo nkuru: Ibihe Byisumbuye Amashuri Yisumbuye ya Kaminuza Yisi Times Higher Education yamenyekanye cyane mugutangaza buri mwaka Times Higher Education - QS Urutonde rwa Kaminuza Yisi Yambere, yagaragaye bwa mbere mu Gushyingo 2004. Ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2009 Amashuri Makuru ya Times yatandukanije na Quacquarelli Symonds, icyo gihe umufatanyabikorwa mu gukora Urutonde, maze asinyana amasezerano na Thomson Reuters gutanga amakuru aho. Iki kinyamakuru cyashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugisha inama abasomyi bacyo n’inama y’ubuyobozi kandi ibisubizo byatangajwe buri mwaka guhera mu gatasi 2010 kugeza 2013, ubwo THE yasinyaga amasezerano mashya na Elsevier. Kimwe nu rutonde rwa Kaminuza Yisi Yose, Times Higher Education nayo itangaza izindi nzego nyinshi: == Ibyabaye == Times Amashuri Makuru akora urukurikirane rw'inama, ihuriro hamwe ninama nyunguranabitekerezo umwaka wose. Iyobowe n’abanyamakuru b’ubwanditsi, ibyo birori bihuza abayobozi n’abayobozi ku isi baturutse mu masomo, guverinoma n’inganda kugira ngo bungurane ibitekerezo, baganire kandi bateze imbere ejo hazaza h’imiyoborere yo mu mashuri makuru, guhanga udushya n’ubushakashatsi. == Ibihembo == Iki kinyamakuru gikoresha ibihembo bibiri buri mwaka, "Times Higher Education Awards" (cyatangijwe mu 2007) na "Times Higher Education Awards Asia" (cyatangijwe muri 2019). "Times Higher Education Leadership and Management Awards" (Thelmas) yatangiye kuva 2011 kugeza 2018. [citation ikenewe]. Kaminuza Yisumbuye Yisumbuye Yumwaka wa 2020 Abatsinze, batoranije kaminuza yuburezi mu Bwongereza ibihembo bya kaminuza yumwaka wa 2020. == Reba == # Davies, Anjuli. "TPG to buy TSL Education for 400 million pounds". Reuters. Retrieved 8 July 2013. # Tezuka, Maera. "Inflexion purchases university data provider Times Higher Education". S&P Global Market Intelligence. Retrieved 1 March 2019. # Farrell, Stephen. "Inflexion acquires higher education specialist". Insider Media. Retrieved 1 March 2019. # "Houlihan Lokey Advises Inflexion Private Equity Partners". Retrieved 1 March 2019. # "The inside story of Poppleton University". News – Press Releases. University of Leicester, UK. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2011. # "PPA Awards 2011". Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. # Elsevier. "Discover the data behind the Times Higher Education World University Rankings". Elsevier Connect. Retrieved 30 August 2019. # "RELX said to be planning £100mln takeover of Times Higher Education". Proactiveinvestors UK. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2019. # Stacey, Viggo. "THE moves into international student services". The PIE News. Retrieved 19 August 2020. # "Studyportals announces tie-up with THE". The PIE News. Retrieved 11 September2020. # Baty, Phil. "New data partner for World University Rankings". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 11 July 2012. # "THE World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 19 September 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2021. # "THE Events". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 28 June 2021. # "THE Leadership & Management Awards". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 28 June 2021. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/ THE] * [https://universitenitanit.com/ Puan Hesaplama] sf2d1t8xy8grupyzjudcq1ouhf0fsw8 0 9243 80071 80042 2021-11-11T04:59:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Divine Carcasse''''' ( '''''Umubiri w’Imana''''' ) ni filime y’amoko yo muri Bénine yo mu 1998 yayobowe n’umukinnyi wa filime w’Ababiligi Dominique Loreau<ref>http://newsreel.org/video/DIVINE-CARCASSE</ref> . Iyi filime ivanze n’ibihimbano n’amoko, iyi filime ikorewe ku modoka ya Peugeot yo mu 1955<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/5371</ref><ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/5371</ref>, mu ikubitiro yari ifitwe na Simon, umwarimu wa filozofiya w’abanyaburayi baba mu mahanga, iyi modoka iza kuba iy'uwitwa Joseph<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/divine-carcasse/oclc/42688486</ref>, uyikoresha nka tagisi kugeza igihe izatereranwa mu mahugurwa y’umukanishi<ref>Divine Carcass French, Yoruba Movie Streaming Online Watch <nowiki>https://www.binged.com</nowiki> › Binged Movies</ref>. Ngaho harasakaye kubice byakoreshejwe numuhanzi Simonet Biokou mugukora igishusho cy'intama y'Imana Agbo <ref>https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/divine-carcassebelgium-benin-1998</ref>. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b812c219e</ref> Imodoka yafashwe hagati yibyara nibicuruzwa nyuma yubukoloni.<ref name=":0">20 best African films – ranked! | Movies | The Guardian <nowiki>https://www.theguardian.com</nowiki> › film › oct › 20-best-afri...</ref><ref>Divine Carcass - Letterboxd <nowiki>https://letterboxd.com</nowiki> › film › divine-carcass</ref> iyi filimi ikaba yarashyizwe kurutonde rwa filimi 20 nziza zakorewe muri Africa mu gihugu cy'ubwongereza<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ca/film274212.html</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] sq2qnc0l02xrmfgpk1hhjo9gcd062cz 0 9244 80072 80043 2021-11-11T05:03:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mandabi''''' (Igifaransa: '''''Le Mandat''''', "The Money Order") ni filime yo mu 1968 yanditswe kandi iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Senegali Ousmane Sembène <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jun/09/mandabi-review-ousmane-sembene-senegal</ref>. Iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cya Sembène cyitwa ''The Money-Order'' kandi ni filime ya mbere y’umuyobozi mu rurimi rwe kavukire rwa Wolof <ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/29067-mandabi</ref>. Kubera ko benshi mu baturage ba Senegal batumva igifaransa, Sembène yashakaga guhanga sinema kubavuga Wolof<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/mandabi</ref>. Iyi niyo filime ya mbere yuzuye ururimi nyafurika kuva muri Afrika y'uburengerazuba<ref>https://www.independentcinemaoffice.org.uk/films/mandabi/</ref>. == Umugambi == Umuyisilamu wo muri Senegal udafite akazi, Ibrahima Dieng, abana n'abagore be babiri n'abana barindwi i Dakar <ref>https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/reviews/mandabi-1968-ousmane-sembene-restored-wolof-masterwork</ref>. Mwishywa we, Abdou, yohereje we kugira amafaranga kuva Paris agaciro 25.000 y'amanyarwanda<ref>https://www.sff.org.au/program/browse/mandabi</ref>, akaba yarakijjwe no gukubura mu muhanda<ref>Ousmane Sembene - Mandabi <nowiki>https://www.mtholyoke.edu</nowiki> › page20</ref>. Ibrahima akabika amafaranga ye wenyine, akazigamira mwishywa we, agaha mushiki we umugabane<ref>https://www.sff.org.au/program/browse/mandabi</ref>. == Kwandika == Nyuma yuko iyi filime itari imaze imyaka igera ku bantu bareba sinema, yasubiwemo mu mwanzuro wa 4K maze itangwa mu iserukiramuco rya Lumière rya 2019 ryabereye i Lyon mu Bufaransa. Muri Kamena 2021, iyi verisiyo yasubiwemo yerekanwe muri sinema mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mandabi</ref> . == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 572t4h44ckk581dgf1bf9ynqs1b0b0a 0 9245 80073 80044 2021-11-11T05:10:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki The Land ( Arabi) ni film yo mu misiri yakinwe muri 1969 iyoborwa Youssef Chahine<ref>https://commons.ungeneva.org/node/47</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Mahmoud-Darwich-Language-Simone-Bitton/dp/B018WI1OTW</ref>, bishingiye kuri novel yakunzwe ya Abdel Rahman al-Sharqawi<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/521684</ref><ref>https://scoopempire.com/list-of-egyptian-arabic-old-films-you-cant-miss/</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga amakimbirane hagati y'abahinzi na nyir'irsambu mu cyaro cya Egiputa mu myaka ya za 1930<ref>https://scenearabia.com/Culture/Incredible-Arabic-Films-to-Watch-on-Netflix</ref><ref>https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/108468/7-Things-You-Should-Know-about-%E2%80%9CCaptains-of-Za%E2%80%99atari%E2%80%9D</ref>, ikanagaragaza isano iri hagati y'inyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye hamwe n'ibisubizo rusange ku gukandamizwa<ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/movies/languages/arabic</ref>. Yinjiye mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1970 <ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/123648-al-ard</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>http://everything.explained.today/The_Land_(1969_film)/</ref> == * Hamdy Ahmed nka Mohammad Effendi<ref>https://commons.ungeneva.org/node/47</ref> * Yehia Chahine nka Hassuna * Ezzat El Alaili nka Abd El-Hadi * Tewfik El Dekn nka Khedr * Mahmoud El-Meliguy nka Mohamed Abu Swelam * Salah El-Saadany nka Elwani * Ali El Scherif nka Diab * Nagwa Ibrahim nka Wassifa<ref>https://www.duhocchina.com/wiki/en/The_Land_(1969_film)</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 5est08wftz8m8s9f3f08stn98s9rue6 0 9246 80074 79713 2021-11-11T05:14:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umugambi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Soleil Ô''''' ( [sɔ.lɛj o] ; "Oh, Sun") ni filime yikinamico yo mu gifaransa-Mauritanian yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Med Hondo<ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/30299-soleil</ref> . == Umugambi == Filime ''Soleil'' , yakozwe mu myaka ine n’ingengo y’imari iciriritse cyane, ivuga amateka y’umwimukira w'umwirabura winjiye i Paris ashakisha “abakurambere be ba Gaul”<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/movies/soleil-o-oh-sun</ref>. Iyi manifeste ya firime iramagana ivangura: Abimukira bashaka cyane akazi n’aho baba<ref>https://face-foundation.org/soleil-o/</ref>, ariko ugasanga imbonankubone batitaweho, bakangwa, kandi bagasuzugurwa, mbere yo kumvira umuhamagaro wa nyuma wo kwigomeka<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/soleil-o</ref>. Umutwe werekeza ku ndirimbo yo mu Burengerazuba bw'Ubuhinde ivuga ububabare bw'abirabura bo muri Dahomey (ubu ni [[Bene|Bénin]] ) bajyanywe muri Karayibe nk'abacakara. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/soleil-o</ref> == * Robert Liensol nk'umushyitsi * Théo Légitimus nk'umukobwa wa Afro * Gabriel Glissand * Bernard Fresson nk'inshuti * Yane Barry nk'umukobwa wera * Greg Germain * Armand Meffre * Med Hondo nk'abavuga<ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive-selection/archive-2020/programme/detail/202012225.html</ref> == Kugarura == Muri 2017, ''Soleil'' given yahawe gusanwa na Cineteca di Bologna ayobowe na Med Hondo. Inkunga yaturutse mu muryango wa George Lucas Family Foundation n'Umushinga wa Sinema ku Isi, mu rwego rwo gusana aba nyuma bise umushinga ndangamurage w'Afurika<ref>https://www.janusfilms.com/films/1978</ref>. 4h1di6s9m65y9bkd0zzbc350wqltgm6 0 9247 80075 80045 2021-11-11T05:20:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Tsotsi''''' ni film yanditswe na tuyoborwa Gavin Hood na Petero Fudakowski muri 2005 nibwo yasohotse<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/tsotsi</ref>. ''Ni uguhuza'' igitabo cyitwa Tsotsi, cyanditswe na Athol Fugard Afurika yepfo / Ubwongereza bukorana<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/tsotsi-2006</ref>. [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]], hagaragaramo Presley Chweneyagae nka David / Tsotsi ( ''izina rya Tsotsitaal'' ryitwa "inkozi y'ibibi"), umusore wibye imodoka gusa abona umwana yicaye inyuma<ref>https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-5/tsotsi</ref>. Irimo kandi Terry Pheto, Kenneth Nkosi, Jerry Mofokeng, na Rapulana Seiphemo<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/tsotsi</ref> . Amajwi y'iyi filime agaragaza umuziki wa Kwaito wakozwe n'umuhanzi wo muri Afurika y'Epfo Zola ndetse n'amanota ya Mark Kilian na Paul Hepker agaragaza ijwi ry'umuririmbyi wo muri Afurika y'Epfo wigaragambyaga akaba n'umusizi Vusi Mahlasela<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/tsotsi/cast/2030050090/</ref> . Iyi filime yakunzwe cyane, ishimwa cyane cyane iyandikwa, icyerekezo, ndetse n’imikorere<ref>https://theindependentcritic.com/tsotsi</ref>, cyane cyane ibya Chweneyagae na Pheto, sinema n’uburemere bw’amarangamutima<ref>http://www.miramax.com/movie/Tsotsi/</ref>. Yakomeje gutsindira igihembo cya Akademiki cya 2006 muri Filime nziza y’ururimi rw’amahanga kandi itorwa muri Golden Globe muri Filime Nziza y’indimi z’amahanga<ref>https://www.altfg.com/film/tsotsi/</ref>, iba filime ya mbere yo muri Afurika yepfo ndetse na filime ya mbere nyafurika idakozwe mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] yatsindinze. Muri 2009, yasubiwemo kumugaragaro muri [[Igitamili|Tamil]] nka ''Yogi'' <ref>https://www.definitions.net/definition/TSOTSI</ref>.<ref>https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education/case-studies/tsotsi</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] etmuthtpgn64mscjm24o68z1xtfgfj3 0 9248 80076 80046 2021-11-11T05:29:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Timbuktu''''' ni filime y’ikinamico ya Mauritanian-Igifaransa yakozwe 2014 iyobowe kandi yanditswe na Abderrahmane Sissako <ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/timbuktu-2015</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku bikorwa bigufi bya Timbuktu, muri [[Mali]] na Ansar Dine<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=225923.html</ref>, kandi bigira uruhare runini mu gutera amabuye rusange mu mwaka wa 2012 abashakanye batashyingiranywe muri Aguelhok<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=225923.html</ref>. Yafatiwe amashusho muri Oualata, muri [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/28/timbuktu-review-abderrahmane-sissako-africa</ref>, ''Timbuktu'' yatoranijwe guhatanira Palme d'or mu gice cy’amarushanwa akomeye mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2014<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/28/timbuktu-movie-jihadist-fighters-abderrahmane-sissako</ref>, aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Ecumenical ndetse n’igihembo cya François Chalais <ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Timbuktu</ref>. Yatoranijwe muri Mauritania ihatanira igihembo cya Akademiki ya Filime Nziza Y’amahanga<ref>https://africainwords.com/2014/11/15/abderrahmane-sissakos-timbuktu-2014-film-africa-review/</ref> , ikomeza gutorwa itwara igihembo mu bihembo bya 87 bya Academy<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/37406/timbuktu</ref> . atorewe kandi igihembo cya BAFTA igihembo cya Filime Nziza itari mu Cyongereza mu bihembo bya 69 bya British Academy Film Awards<ref>https://shotonwhat.com/timbuktu-2014</ref> . ''Timbuktu'' yahawe igihembo cya Filime nziza mu bihembo bya 11 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards, aho yatorewe ibindi bihembo icumi. Muri 2017, ''Ikinyamakuru New York Times'' cyayishyize ku rutonde rwa filime ya cumi na kabiri nziza yo mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe<ref>https://www.filmcomment.com/article/review-timbuktu-abderrahmane-sissako/</ref> . == Abakinnyi<ref>https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/cannes-film-review-timbuktu-1201181839/</ref> == * Ibrahim Ahmed dit Pino nka Kidane * Toulou Kiki nka Satima * Layla Walet Mohamed nka Toya * Mehdi Ag Mohamed nka Issan * Kettly Noel nka Zabou * Abel Jafri nka Abdelkerim * Hichem Yacoubi nkumu jihadiste * Fatoumata Diawara nka Fatou * Omar Haidara nka Amadou * Damien Ndjie nka Abu Jaafar == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] t0032k0l332ojx7r3853vxnxj80ksif 0 9249 80077 80047 2021-11-11T05:42:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Queen Sono''''' ni ikinamico yo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo yerekanwa kuri televiziyo yakozwe na Kagiso Lediga yerekanwe kuri Netflix ku ya 28 Gashyantare 2020<ref>https://tvline.com/2020/12/01/queen-sono-cancelled-season-2-renewal-reversed-netflix/</ref>. Uru rukurikirane rukinamo Pearl Thusi, Vuyo Dabula, Sechaba Morojele<ref>https://deadline.com/2020/12/netflix-reverses-renewal-first-african-original-series-queen-sono-1234635711/</ref>,<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2020/05/queen-sono-and-the-troubling-promise-of-netflixs-future-in-africa</ref> Chi Mhende, Loyiso Madinga, Rob Van Vuuren, Kate Liquorish, Khathu Ramabulana, Enhle Maphumulo, Abigail Kubeka, Connie Chiume, Otto Nobela na James Ngcobo na Featuring Mario Diederiks<ref>https://qz.com/africa/1847687/netflix-debut-african-tv-series-queen-sono-renewed-for-season-2/</ref>. <ref>https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a34880983/netflix-queen-sono-season-2-cancelled/</ref> Nibikorwa bya mbere bya Netflix . imaze kurekurwa, yakiriwe neza n'abayireba, bashimye icyerekezo, sinema, uko ibikorwa byakurikiranye ndetse n'ibitaramo<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/arts/television/queen-sono-review-netflix.html</ref>, cyane cyane Soi, Dabula na Kubeka, maze bavuga ko ari "igihe cyiza." Ku ya 28 Mata 2020<ref>https://tbivision.com/2020/12/02/netflix-axes-first-african-original-queen-sono-as-cancellations-continue/</ref>, Netflix yavuguruye urukurikirane rwa season ya kabiri<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2020/02/queen-sono-review-netflix-africa-original-series-1202213890/</ref>. Icyakora, ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 2020, byavuzwe ko Netflix yahagaritse uruhererekane kubera ibibazo by’umusaruro byazanywe n'icyorezo cya COVID-19 <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/queen-sonos-second-season-cancelled-amid-current-trying-times-20201126-2</ref>. == Inyandiko == ''Queen Sono'' akurikira inkuru [[Afurika y’Epfo|y’umukozi w’ibanga wo muri Afurika yepfo]] wihishe ukemura ibibazo by’ubugizi bwa nabi mu gihe akemura ibibazo mu buzima bwe bwite<ref>https://www.onceuponatime.agency/entertainment/work/netflix/queen-sono</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] g4ops38al9ajzriuuybk1381dizxirr 0 9250 80078 80048 2021-11-11T05:48:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Queen of Katwe''''' film y'amateka yakiniwe muri [[Amerika]] iyoborwa na Mira Nair yanditswe na William Wheeler<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/queen-of-katwe</ref>. Iyi filime yakinnye na David Oyelowo, [[Lupita Nyong'o]]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51521775</ref>, na Madina Nalwanga, iyi filime igaragaza ubuzima bwa Phiona Mutesi<ref>https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Queen_of_Katwe</ref>, umukobwa utuye i Katwe, agace ka Kampala, umurwa mukuru wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]]<ref>https://www.hotstar.com/in/movies/queen-of-katwe/1260018352</ref> . Yize gukina chess ahinduka Umukandida w'umugore nyuma yo gutsinda muri World Chess Olympiads <ref>https://www.wired.com/2016/09/queen-of-katwe/</ref>. Iyi filime yakuwe mu kiganiro n'ikinyamakuru cya ESPN n'igitabo cyanditswe na Tim Crothers<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/23/queen-of-katwe-review-chess-champion-uganda</ref>, iyi filime yakozwe na Walt Disney Pictures na Filime ya ESPN <ref>https://www.disneyplus.com/video/81a4e53e-0cf7-41c1-a691-5a6862a93d94</ref>. ''Umwamikazi wa Katwe'' yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2016 <ref>https://www.wbur.org/onlyagame/2019/01/11/queen-of-katwe-phiona-mutesi-chess</ref>. Iyi filime yasohotse muri Amerika muri Amerika ku ya 23 Nzeri 2016, mbere y’ikinamico rusange ku ya 30 Nzeri<ref>https://journeysinfilm.org/product/queen-of-katwe/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * [[Madina Nalwanga]] as [[Phiona Mutesi]] * [[David Oyelowo]] as Robert Katende * [[Lupita Nyong'o]] as Nakku Harriet * Martin Kabanza as Mugabi Brian * Taryn "Kay" Kyaze as Night, Phiona's older sister * Ronald Ssemaganda as Ivan * Ethan Nazario Lubega as Benjamin * Nikita Pearl Waligwa as Gloria, Phiona's friend<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51521775 |title=Uganda's Queen of Katwe star Nikita Pearl Waligwa dies aged 15 |work=BBC News |date=February 16, 2020 }}</ref> * Edgar Kanyike as Joseph *[[Esteri Tebandeke|Esther Tebandeke]] as Sara Katende *[[Peter Odeke]] as Mr. Barumba *[[Sheebah Karungi]] as Shakira *Joanitta Bewulira-Wandera as Mrs. Gali == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] lohtp2ip3vd9kw63d6oew03pcryu1gz 0 9251 83381 82172 2022-05-12T13:22:01Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Naomie Nishimwe == [[Dosiye:Naomi_Ishimwe.jpg|thumb|Naomi Ishimwe]] wa 2020 nibwo umukobwa muto wimyaka 21 yamavuko witwa Naomie Nishimwe yegukanye ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] w'[[U Rwanda|Urwanda]] asimbuye uwitwa Meghan Nimwiza nawe wahize abandi muburanga mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2019<ref>http://apanews.net/en/news/naomie-nishimwe-crowned-miss-rwanda-2020</ref> == Akarusho == Naomie Nishimwe azajya ahembwa ibihumbi maganinani (800.000) bya amafaranga y'Urwanda igihe kingana numwaka ahabwe imodoka yo mubwoko bwa Suzuki swift nshyashya nibindi byinshi birimo nko gukorerwa ubwiza bwumusatsiwe nibindi bitandukanye byabaterankunga banyuranye bagiye batera inkunga irushanwarya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] wu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51604858</ref> == Umuryango == Naomie ufite Nyina witwa Fanny Uwimbabazi wishimiye cyane kuba umukobwa we Naomie Nishimwe yegukanye ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] w'Urwanda 2020 kuko ngo byahoze ari ibyifuzo bye<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/naomie-nishimwe-miss-rwanda-2020</ref> Naomie Kandi yinjiye mwirushanwa ahagarariye umujyi wa [[Kigali]] == Imikorere == Naomie kandi mbere yuko ajya muru [[Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]] yari asanzwe azwi ku mbugankoranyambaga cyane nka Instagram mwitsinda afitanye nabakobwa bagenzibe ndetse buje uburanga nkawe rizwi kwizina rya [[Mackenzies Rwanda|Mckenzie]] rikora ibijyanye no kumurika imideri Naomie kandi ni itsinda rye yakoranye byahafi nikigo kigihugu cy'[[U Rwanda|Urwanda]] gishinzwe itumanaho kizwi na MTN rwanda muburyo bwo kucyamamariza no gushishikariza umuryango gukoresha smat phone<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95280/nishimwe-naomi-yasobanuye-ibyavuzwe-ko-yazanywe-na-mtn-muri-miss-rwanda-2020-95280.html</ref> == Agashya == bivugwa neza ko itsinda rya Mackenzie ririmo uyu Nyampinga wu Rwanda 2020 Naomie Nishimwe kandi abarigize bose ari umuryango umwe harimo abo bavukana munda imwe na mubyara wabo ndetse na Nyirasenge wabo<ref>https://www.angelopedia.com/news/Miss-Rwanda-2020-Winner-Nishimwe-Naomie-Mackenzie-Full-Results-Coronation-Delegate/50647</ref> == Ubudasa == Miss Naomie kandi niwe [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] wenyine wanzuyeko inyungu zizava mu mishinga ye ndetse nibikorwabye bizagenzurwa nawe ubwe bwite mugihe byari bimenyerewe ko itsinda rishinzwe gutegura irushanwa rya rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]] rikomeza gukurikirana. Naomie we siko byagenze yabatangarije ko mugihe agite ikamba azanigenzurira inyungu ze nibikorwa bye<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/inyungu-za-nishimwe-naomie-yazivanye-mu-maboko-y-abategura-miss-rwanda</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 6e970prev1g9zand8v8ysb0sdgbotfc 0 9252 80079 80049 2021-11-11T05:53:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind''' ni filime yikinamico yo mu Bwongereza yo mu 2019 yanditswe, iyoborwa na Chiwetel Ejiofor<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-2019</ref> . Filime ishingiye kuri memoire y'izina na William Kamkwamba na Bryan Mealer<ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/307402/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-by-william-kamkwamba-and-bryan-mealer-illustrated-by-elizabeth-zunon/</ref>. Yerekanwe mu gice cya Premieres mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance 2019 kandi itangira kunyura kuri Netflix ku ya 1 Werurwe 2019<ref>https://www.sandiego.edu/news/detail.php?_focus=71319</ref>. Yatoranijwe muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga Yamamaye mu bihembo bya 92 bya Academy, ariko ntabwo yatowe<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.bifa.film/film/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind/</ref> == * Maxwell Simba nka William Kamkwamba * Chiwetel Ejiofor nka Trywell Kamkwamba * Aïssa Maïga nka Agnes Kamkwamba * Lily Banda nka Annie Kamkwamba * Joseph Marcell nk'umuyobozi mukuru Wimbe * Noma Dumezweni nka Edith Sikelo * Lemogang Tsipa nka Mike Kachibunda * Philbert Falakeza nka Gilbert Wimbe == Kurekurwa == Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo 2018, Netflix yabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwirakwiza ku isi, usibye Ubuyapani, Ubushinwa, n'Ubwongereza<ref>https://clubs.scholastic.com/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind%3A-young-readers-edition/9780545946032-rco-us.html</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance 2019 ku ya 25 Mutarama 2019<ref>https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-william-kamkwambabryan-mealer</ref>. Nyuma yaje gusohoka kuri Netflix ku ya 1 Werurwe 2019<ref>https://www.penguin.com.au/books/the-boy-who-harnessed-the-wind-9781984816122</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] p50lwfc0qcdrzi59yspvllegzyj1snq 0 9253 80080 80050 2021-11-11T06:00:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Virunga''''' ni filime documentaire yo mu Bwongereza yakinwe muri 2014 iyobowe na Orlando von Einsiedel<ref>https://www.rocoeducational.com/virunga</ref> . Yibanze ku bikorwa byo kubungabunga abashinzwe parike muri pariki ya [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Virunga ya]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] mu gihe havutse imyigaragambyo ikaze ya M23 mu mwaka wa 2012<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/27525/virunga</ref>, kandi ikora iperereza ku bikorwa by’isosiyete ikora peteroli yo mu Bwongereza Soco International mu murage ndangamurage wa UNESCO<ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-barry-jenkins-virunga-1234646865/</ref>. Soco International yarangije gushakisha peteroli muri Virunga muri Mata 2014<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2014/11/review-virunga-will-change-your-perspective-on-the-crisis-in-congo-68395/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca ku ya 17 Mata 2014<ref>https://www.un.org/en/ccoi/virunga-screening</ref>. Nyuma yo gutambuka kuri Netflix, yatorewe igihembo cya Akademiki ya Best Documentary Feature <ref>https://www.filmplatform.net/product/virunga/</ref>.<ref>https://berthafoundation.org/story/virunga-impact-report-2/</ref> [[Dosiye:Joanna_Natasegara_and_Orlando_von_Einsiedel_at_the_74th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg|right|thumb| Joanna Natasegara na Orlando von Einsiedel mu birori bya 74 bya Peabody Awards]] === Ibihembo === ''Virunga'' yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi harimo na Peabody Award .<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2015/04/virunga-is-an-important-film-even-if-it-doesnt-preference-perspectives-from-local-stakeholders</ref> Feature documentaire Award ku DOXA documentaire Festival mu Vancouver, Canada; igihembo cy'umukinnyi mpuzamahanga wavutse muri Hot Docs i Toronto<ref>https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/01/climate-activists-oppose-oil-exploration-call-for-a-fossil-free-virunga-in-new-film//</ref>; Igihembo cya Zahabu ya Rock mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime Ntoya<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1265</ref>; n'Ibikorwa no Guhinduka Hamwe (ACT Now) Igihembo cya Crested Butte Film Festival . Yatsindiye gongs ebyiri muri One World Media Awards muri BAFTA - Inyandiko nziza<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barry-jenkins-leonardo-dicaprio-netflix-partner-for-feature-adaptation-of-virunga/article31904298.ece</ref>, . Iyi filime kandi yatorewe igihembo cyiza cya Documentaire nziza muri Tribeca Film Festival. Filime yatorewe igihembo cya Akademiki kubera ibihembo bya Documentaire Nziza ya 87 ya Osama Awards <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/07/movies/virunga-a-searing-documentary-set-in-congo.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] i3jzwbf5vrjrmu4yvsfwem5nbtry8is 0 9254 80083 80051 2021-11-11T08:01:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beats of No Nation''' ni film yo muri Amerika yanditswe, itunganywa ,ifatwa amashusho , no iyoborwa na Cary Joji Fukunaga <ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/31756-beasts-of-no-nation</ref>. Bikurikira umuhungu muto wabaye umusirikare mugihe igihugu cye cyari gifite intambara iteye ubwoba. Iyi filime yakorewe muri [[Gana]] ikinwamo na Idris Elba<ref>https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7513-beasts-of-no-nation-a-different-kind-of-african-war-film</ref>, Abraham Attah, Ama K. Abebrese, Grace Nortey, David Dontoh, na Opeyemi Fagbohungbe<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beasts-of-no-nation-2015</ref>, iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cyo mu 2005 cyitwa izina rimwe na Uzodinma Iweala, igitabo ubwacyo cyiswe izina. nyuma ya alubumu ya Fela Kuti <ref>https://bleeckerstreetmedia.com/beasts-of-no-nation</ref>. Yerekanwe mu gice cy’amarushanwa akomeye mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 72 rya Venice<ref>https://benensonproductions.com/films/beasts-of-no-nation/</ref>, aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Marcello Mastroianni<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2021/09/idris-elba-beasts-of-no-nation-oscars-social-climate-1234666920/</ref> . Iyi filime yerekanwe mu gice cyihariye cyo kwerekana iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Toronto mu mwaka wa 2015, ikanasohoka kuri Netflix ku isi yose ndetse no mu isohoka rito na Bleecker Street ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2015<ref>https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/film-screening-and-qa-beasts-no-nation</ref>. === Itangazamakuru ryo murugo === Filime yasohotse kuri Blu-ray na DVD na The Criterion Collection ku ya 31 Kanama 2021.<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/beasts-of-no-nation</ref> === Impaka === Mu mwaka wa 2015, Artnet yasohoye inyandiko ivuga ko Fukunaga yakoresheje ibikubiyemo atiriwe ashimira ibihangano by'umuhanzi wo muri Irlande<ref>https://www.levantine-films.com/projects/beasts-of-no-nation/</ref>, Richard Mosse, umurimo we wari umaze kumenyekana cyane mu buhanzi kubera gukoresha firime ya infragre ndetse no kwerekana ishusho y'abasirikare b'abana muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/10/beasts-of-no-nation-review/410821/</ref>. Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ikirego cyayo cyo gukopera, iyi ngingo yarimo kugereranya mu buryo butaziguye amakadiri ya buri muntu muri filime n'amafoto y'umwimerere ya Mosse.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/16/movies/review-beasts-of-no-nation-a-brutal-tale-of-child-soldiers-in-africa.html</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] phc46b4iifkxxcx221amxd1dysagbpg 0 9255 83272 83266 2022-05-10T14:22:21Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingabire Grace == Tariki ya makumyabiri (20) werurwe muri imwe mu mazu akomeye mu [[Rwanda]] izwi nka [[Rwanda Rwacu|Intare Arena]] nibwo hatangajwe [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] mushya wu [[Rwanda Tribune|Rwanda]] 2021 ariwe Ingabire Grace byari ibirori byiza kandi bitangaje kuko bititabiriwe kubera icyorezo cya COVID 19 byanyuze kuri Televisiyo KC2 na za youtube<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/grace-ingabire-crowned-miss-rwanda-2021</ref> == Mumenye neza == Ingabire Grace yavutse ku itariki ya 11 ugushyingo mu mwaka 1995 avukira mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] i [[Kigali]] akaba ari umunyeshuri urangije [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] mubijyanye no kubyina globalization na Filozofia na physcologiya<ref>https://www.angelopedia.com/news/Ingabire-Grace-Miss-World-Rwanda-2021-Delegate-Contestant-Feature-Miss-World/52748</ref> == Igitangaje == Nyampinga Ingabire Grace niwe [https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyampinga_w%27u_Rwanda?veaction=edit#cite_note-3 nyampinga wu Rwanda] wenyine ufite Impamyabumenyi mu mbyino. Muri Gicurasi 2019, yarangije muri [[Kaminuza Niccolò Cusano|Bates College i Lewiston]], muri Leta ya Maine, muri [[Amerika]] aho yakuye Impamya bumenyi Ihanitse mu Mbyino za choreography, filozofiaya na phyiscologiya mu ugushyingo 2019 Grace yatangije umushinga witwa Ikiringo umushinga ugamije guteza imbere imbyino.<ref>https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/she-is-25-she-got-bachelors-degree-from-bates-college-in-maine-state-usa-who-is-miss-grace-ingabire-miss-rwanda-2021</ref> Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 19 Ugushyingo, Grace Ingabire, Miss [[Rwanda]] 2021, yerekeje muri Porto Rico ubwo yatangiraga gushaka ikamba rya Miss World rya 70 kuri ubu rifite umwamikazi w’ubwiza wa Jamayike Toni-Ann Singh.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/grace-ingabire-puerto-rico-miss-world-2021</ref> == Imikorere == Grace ntago imishinga ye yagenze neza nkuko yabishakaga kubera icyorezo cya [[Virusi|COVID19]] cyari cyugarije Isi nu u [[Rwanda]] muri rusange gusa muri bimmwe yakoze byamenyekanye harimo nko kuba yara koranye na Africa Improved Foods boroje ingurube coperative eshatu (3) zabajyanama bubuzima bo mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Rwamagana]] mu Murenge wa [[Umugezi|Muhazi]]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/article/miss-ingabire-grace-yoroje-ingurube-abajyanama-b-ubuzima-bo-muri-rwamagana</ref> == Amashakiro == 7yc0nflhsppkma088qulmtfe2qo41iv 0 9256 80086 80052 2021-11-11T08:06:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Òlòturé''''' ni filime yo muri Nijeriya yo muri 2019 iyobowe na Kenneth Gyang uhereye ku mashusho ya Yinka Ogun na Craig Freimond. Irimo Sharon Ooja, Beverly Osu, Ada Ameh na Blossom Chukwujekwu <ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2020/10/oloture-nollywood-netflix-nigeria-1234590106/</ref>. == Ikibanza == ''Òlòturé'' avuga amateka ya Òlòturé ( Sharon Ooja )<ref>https://omoelublog.com/2020/11/15/oloture-movie-another-relatable-story-told-differently/</ref>, umunyamakuru ukomoka mu gihugu cya Nijeriya ukiri muto kandi utagira ubwenge<ref>https://decider.com/2020/10/07/oloture-netflix-review/</ref>, ujya mu bwihisho kugira ngo ashyire ahagaragara icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu. bayteguriye i Lagos<ref>https://globalvillageextra.com/en/index.php/2020/11/01/movie-review-oloture/</ref>, yerekana uburyo abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bashakirwa gukoreshwa mu mahanga<ref>https://thelagosreview.ng/kenneth-gyangs-oloture-a-netflix-original-to-debut-oct-2/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Sharon Ooja nka Òlòturé * Beverly Osu nka Peju * Ada Ameh nka Titi * Omowumi Dada nka Linda * Indabyo Chukwujekwu nka Emeka * Omoni Oboli nka Alero * Segun Arinze nka Theo * Adebukola Oladipupo nkubwiza * Ikechukwu Onunaku nka Chuks * Kemi Lala Akindoju nkumugisha * Omawumi nka Sandra * Sambasa Nzeribe nka Victor * Daniel Etim Effiong nka Tony * David Jones David nka Sheriff * Emmanuel Ilemobajo nka Simoni * Eunice Omoregie nka nyina wa Linda * Gregory Ojefua nka Sami * Patrick Doyle nka Sir Phillip * Pearl Okorie nkamahoro * Wofai Fada nka Vanessa * Yemi Solade nka Jubril == Umusaruro == Inyandiko ya ''Òlòturé'' igice gishingiye ku gutanga raporo y’umunyamakuru w’iperereza wo muri Nijeriya, Tobore Ovuorie<ref>https://movies123-online.me/film/oloture/NfWgREQg-watch-free.html</ref>. Gufata amashusho byatangiye ku mugaragaro ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 2018 ahitwa i Lagos, muri Nijeriya<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/oloture,n6711235.php</ref>. == gusohoka == Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2019 mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage muri Tuniziya<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Oloture/critique/247400936</ref>. Muri Nzeri 2020, Netflix yabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwirakwiza filime. Isakara ryatangiye ku ya 2 Ukwakira 2020<ref>https://www.kemifilani.ng/movies/netflix-movie-review-oloture-not-for-the-faint-hearted</ref>. Nyuma yiminsi mike isohotse, ''Òlòturé yagaragaye'' muri firime 10 za mbere zirebwa kuri Netflix<ref>https://www.ijhumas.com/ojs/index.php/kiujoss/article/view/1235</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 2kf89u8cpsir0bakd1lbp5avz810yoa 0 9257 80087 80053 2021-11-11T08:17:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Cook Off''''' ni filime yo gusetsa y'urukundo yo muri [[Zimbabwe]] yasohotse muri 2017 yanditswe kandi iyoborwa na Tomas Brickhill <ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cook-off</ref>. film ikinamo Tendaiishe Chitima, Fungai Majaya na Tehn Diamond<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/31/cook-off-the-no-budget-romcom-that-became-the-first-zimbabwean-film-on-netflix</ref> . Gutunganya iyi filime byahoraga byibasirwa no kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi, imbogamizi z’ingengo y’imari, imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya leta n’imvururu zadutse mu cyiciro cya nyuma cya Perezidansi ya Robert Mugabe<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52983564</ref> . Yabaye filime ya mbere yasohotse muri Zimbabwe nyuma ya Mugabe yamaze imyaka igera kuri 40<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cook-off</ref>. Iyi filime kandi yabaye filime ya mbere ya Zimbabwe yerekanwe kuri Netflix . Yitabiriwe n’itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga kuva yashyirwa ku rubuga rwa Netflix muri Kamena 2020<ref>https://thetimesofafrica.com/8000-romcom-made-it-to-netflix-zimbabwes-cook-off/</ref>. Ni filime ya kabiri ya Zimbabwe yitabiriwe n’amahanga nyuma ya ''Neria''<ref>https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/netflix-cookoff-an-authentically-zimbabwean-film/</ref> . Iyi filime irashimwa nka imwe muri filime nziza kurusha izindi zose muri Sinema ya Zimbabwe nyuma ya ''Neria'' na yellow Card kandi yafunguwe ku buryo bwiza cyane bwatanzwe n'Abanyazimbabwe<ref>https://www.africavivre.com/zimbabwe/a-voir/films/cook-off-conte-zimbabween-a-8000.html</ref>. Iyi filime izwiho gusenya imyumvire y’inganda za firime zo muri Zimbabwe zari zamugaye kubera ibibazo by’ubukungu ndetse na hyperinflation muri iki gihugu.<ref>https://summary.org/netflix-zimbabwe-cook-off-comedy/</ref> == Inyandiko == Iyo umubyeyi urera abana wenyine Anesu ( Tendaiishe Chitima ) yinjiye rwihishwa mu marushanwa yo guteka kuri tereviziyo n’umuhungu we, agomba gutsinda ibyo nyina atemera ndetse no guhangana n’abatetsi babigize umwuga.<ref>https://www.africanvibes.com/cook-off-lifts-zimbabwe-film-industry-onto-the-global-stage-2/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Tendaiishe Chitima nka Anesu * Fungai Majaya nka Milly Ann * Tehn Diamond nkumuganwa * Tomas Brickhill nka JJ * Jesese Mungoshi nka nyirakuru wa Anesu * Shingai Shoniwa (isura yaje) * Sylent Nqo == Gutanga ibihembo == Filime yakiriye ibihembo bike yanatoranijwe mubirori bya firime<ref>https://www.newsday.co.zw/2020/05/cook-off-set-for-netflix/</ref>. Yatwaye ibihembo bine byose mu birori bya firime, harimo bibiri buri kimwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cambria 2020<ref>https://www.chronicle.co.zw/cook-off-to-show-on-zbctv/</ref>. na [[Zimbabwe]] International Film Festival. Iyi filime kandi yahawe ibihembo bibiri by’ubuhanzi byatanzwe n’inama y’ubuhanzi ya Zimbabwe muri 2019<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Cook_Off/42318750</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] qx8gm7bdmwhitu41gf5b07lwpxdekyg 0 9258 80090 80054 2021-11-11T10:16:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''A United Kingdom''''' ni romantic drama film yasohotse muri 2016 muri [[Botswana]] iyoborwa na Amma Asante yanditswe na Guy Hibbert<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/a_united_kingdom</ref>, ishingiye ku urugo nyakuri, ubuzima hagati ya Seretse Khama<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-united-kingdom-2017</ref>, kuragwa ubutegetsi kwa Bechuanaland ( yari perezida wa [[Botswana]])<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/nov/27/a-united-kingdom-review-love-story-amma-asante-david-oyelowo-rosamund-pike</ref>, n'umugore we Ruth Williams Khama . David Oyelowo na Rosamund Pike bagaragaza Seretse na Ruth<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/sep/09/a-united-kingdom-review-rosamund-pike-david-oyelowo-toronto</ref>. Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto mu 2016<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=237771.html</ref>, kandi ni yo filime yatangiye iserukiramuco rya sinema rya 60 rya London.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2017/02/24/517029375/david-oyelowo-on-the-real-united-kingdom-marriage-and-its-diplomatic-fallout</ref> == Abakinnyi == * David Oyelowo nka Sir Seretse Khama * Rosamund Pike nka Ruth Williams Khama * Terry Pheto nka Naledi Khama, murumuna wa Seretse * Vusi Kunene nka Tshekedi Khama, nyirarume wa Seretse, akaba Regent y'Ubwami bwa Bangwato * Abena Ayivor nka Ella Khama, muka Tshekedi na nyirasenge wa Seretse * Anton Lesser nka Clement Attlee, Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza * Jack Davenport nka Alistair Canning, uhagarariye guverinoma y'Ubwongereza muri Afurika y'Epfo * Jack Lowden nka Tony Benn * Nicholas Rowe nka Fenner Brockway * Tom Felton nka Rufus Lancaster * Charlotte Byiringiro nka Olivia Lancaster * Nicholas Lyndhurst nka George Williams, se wa Ruti * Anastasia Hille nka Dot Williams, nyina wa Rusi * Laura Carmichael nka Muriel Williams-Sanderson, mushiki wa Ruti * Jessica Oyelowo nka Lady Lilly Canning == uko yakozwe == Pike yinjiye mu bakinnyi muri Gicurasi 2015, Asante yinjira nyuma gato<ref>https://www.intofilm.org/news-and-views/articles/a-united-kingdom-feature</ref>. Muri Nzeri 2015, Asante yatangaje ko gufata amashusho bizagabanywa hagati ya [[Botswana]] na London<ref>https://www.ft.com/content/937c7a78-b23a-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0</ref>, kandi ko bizatangira mu Kwakira mu rwego rwo kwitegura irekurwa rya filimi muri 2016 rihurirana n’imyaka 50 y'ubwigenge muri [[Botswana]]<ref>https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/a-united-kingdom-review-1201856430/</ref>. Mu Kwakira 2015, Jack Davenport na Tom Felton bifatanije n'aba bakinnyi<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfilm/films/a-united-kingdom/</ref>. Mu Gushyingo 2015, amashusho amwe yabereye hafi ya Hyde Park / Kensington Gardens harimo na Imperial College Union<ref>http://www.simonbowles.com/auk</ref> . Umukinnyi wa sinema yari Sam McCurdy naho umuyobozi wa filimi yari Simon Bowles<ref>https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/movie-reviews/united-kingdom-a</ref> == references.  == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 1qx92t6zgrkhf58cfkfxgnvn7s53g59 0 9259 80121 79740 2021-11-11T14:11:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Gods must be Crazy''' ni film yo gusetsa yo mu 1980 yanditswe, yakozwe, itunganywa kandi iyobowe na Jamie Uys<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/28/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy-a-truly-international-hit.html</ref> . ubufatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga muri Afrika yepfo na Botswana, ni film yambere muri '''The Gods must be Crazy''' series <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/28/arts/film-view-is-the-gods-must-be-crazy-only-a-comedy.html</ref>. Iyi filime yashyizwe muri Afurika y'Epfo, ikinamo umuhinzi wo muri Namibiya San Nǃxau ǂToma nka Xi<ref>https://www.hotstar.com/id/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy/1260058358</ref>, umuhigi-uhiga mu butayu bwa Kalahari umuryango we wavumbuye icupa ry'ikirahure ryamanutse mu ndege, kandi bizera ko ari impano yatanzwe n'imana zabo<ref>https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/40901/African-comedy-%E2%80%9CThe-Gods-Must-Be-Crazy%E2%80%9D-to-screen-at</ref>. Igihe Xi yiyemeje gusubiza icupa ku mana, urugendo rwe ruba ruhujwe n’umuhanga mu binyabuzima (wakinnye nka Marius Weyers )<ref>https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/gods-must-be-crazy-0</ref>, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’umudugudu mushya ( Sandra Prinsloo ), hamwe n’itsinda ry’iterabwoba<ref>https://www.classiccinemas.com.au/movies/saffa19-the-gods-must-be-crazy</ref> . '''''The Gods must be Crazy''''' yarekuwe na Ster-Kinekor muri Afrika yepfo, aho yakoze amateka yinjiza amafaranga menshi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Gods-Must-Be-Crazy</ref>, ikaba yarasohoye amafaranga menshi mumateka yinganda za firime za Afrika yepfo<ref>https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1163167233/weekend/</ref>. Iyi filime yagenze neza mu bucuruzi no mu bindi bihugu, harimo na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika<ref>https://www.cram.com/essay/Symbolism-In-The-Gods-Must-Be-Crazy/PKV5BMH9J5XW</ref>, aho yatanzwe na 20 Century Fox, aho ibiganiro [[Ikinyafurikansi|by’umwimerere bya Afrikaans]] yashyizwe mu cyongereza<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/the-gods-must-be-crazy.html</ref>. Nubwo byagenze neza, iyi filime yakunze kunengwa kwerekana ubwoko kandi bigaragara ko atazi ivangura muri Afurika yepfo<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/11/02/the-gods-must-be-crazy/07fb5c2e-8f81-4aba-90bd-e36e47d3438f/</ref>. Film yakurikiwe ni ikindi gice '''The Gods must be Crazy''' part II yashyizwe ahagaragara Columbia Pictures mu 1989.<ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08949460600598711</ref> === Gufata amashusho === ''The Gods Must Be Crazy yafatiwe amashusho'' i Tsumkwe, muri Namibiya, ndetse no muri Botswana. <ref>https://moviesanywhere.com/movie/the-gods-must-be-crazy</ref>Nk’uko Uys abitangaza ngo N! Xau yasubizwaga mu rugo rwe mu butayu bwa Kalahari buri byumweru bitatu cyangwa bine kugira ngo atababazwa n’umuco<ref>https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/entertainment/movies/article/3065554/vault-gods-must-be-crazy-full-laughs-and-life</ref> . Mu gihe mu mijyi, N! Xau yize kunywa inzoga n'itabi. <ref>https://www.fnac.com/mp3063455/The-Gods-Must-Be-Crazy-Gods-Must-Be-Crazy-2</ref> Uys yavuze ko yishyuye N! Xau $ 300 mu minsi 10 ya mbere yakoraga, ariko ko amafaranga bivugwa ko yatwawe n'umuyaga<ref>https://mercycollegefilmandculture.com/2019/02/01/thematic-elements-and-tone-in-the-gods-must-be-crazy-and-dust-devil/</ref>. N! Xau yahise yishyurwa n'inka 12. <ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-gods-must-be-crazy/tv-listings/2030277302/</ref> Mu 1985, Uys yavuze ko yohereje N! Xau $ 100 buri kwezi kuva yafata amashusho, N! Xau yakoresheje mu iduka ry’ubucuruzi ku bilometero 60 uvuye aho yahigaga<ref>https://scienceonscreen.org/films/the-gods-must-be-crazy</ref>; Uys yavuze kandi ko hashyizweho konti y’amadolari 20.000 y’izina rya N! Xau.<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/8639</ref> == Controversies == ''The Gods Must Be Crazy'' yakunze kunengwa kubera ko bigaragara ko ikomeje imyumvire ishingiye ku moko n'ivangura n'ivangura muri Afurika y'Epfo<ref>https://igihe.com/sagatwa</ref>. Muri Amerika, ngo iyi filime yatowe n’inama y’igihugu y’abavoka b’abirabura n’indi mitwe irwanya ivanguramoko ubwo yerekanaga mu nzu ya Street Street ya 68 mu mujyi wa New York. <ref>https://ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/article/Ibitangaje-wamenya-kuri-N%C7%83xau-%C7%82Toma-Sagatwa-wishwe-n-igituntu</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] sxvtdzeson8uxg1rjm9em2kdjyztsxu 0 9260 80122 79742 2021-11-11T14:54:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''From a Whisper''''' ni firime yikinamico yo [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] yanditswe kandi iyobowe Wanuri Kahiu<ref>https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/from-a-whisper-1117943881/</ref> . Iyi filime yakiriye nomination 12 kandi yatsindiye ibihembo 5 muri African Movie Academy Awards muri 2009<ref>https://www.wmm.com/catalog/film/without-a-whisper/</ref>, harimo ''Ishusho'' Nziza, ''Amajwi Yumwimerere'' '', Umuyobozi'' mwiza, ''Amashusho yumwimerere meza'' na ''AMAA Achievement muguhindura''<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/from-a-whisper/</ref> . Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye igihembo ''cyiza cyo kwerekana inkuru nziza'' mu iserukiramuco rya Pan African Film &amp;amp; Arts 2010<ref>https://mubi.com/films/from-a-whisper</ref>, kandi ihabwa igihembo cya BAFTA / LA ''Festival Choice'' Award 2010<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/from-a-whisper/oclc/495994211</ref>. Nubwo iyi filime yibuka isabukuru yimyaka 10 ry’iterabwoba ryabaye ku ya 7 Kanama muri Kenya mu 1998<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/from_a_whisper_2009</ref>, ntabwo ivuga ku gisasu cy’iterabwoba. Iyi filime yerekana inkuru ifatika y’inyuma y’icyo gisasu<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film522498.html</ref>, ifata ubuzima bw’abahohotewe n’imiryango yabo bagombaga gutora ibice by’ubuzima bwabo byangijwe n’icyo gisasu.<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/directors/Wanuri_Kahiu</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Ken Ambani * Abubakar Mwenda * Godfrey Odhiambo * Corine Onyango == Ibihembo == * Ibirori Internacional de Zanzíbar 2009 * Ibirori Internacional de Kenya 2009 * Ibihembo bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards 2010 == references == [[Ikiciro:Africa]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] izkuijksgp5nn428m21kqj6spocw6za 0 9261 80123 79744 2021-11-11T14:58:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hyenas''''' ( French ) ni filime yo muri Senegali yo mu 1992 yahinduwe na Friedrich Dürrenmatt ikinamico ya comedy iturutse kuri ''The Visit'' (1956)<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/hyenas/</ref>, iyobowe na Djibril Diop Mambéty<ref>https://walkerart.org/magazine/hyenas-the-dark-satire-of-djibril-diop-mambety</ref> . Inkuru yimbitse y'urukundo no kwihorera irasa no kunegura ubukoloni na mpatse ibihugu yabagaho muri Afrika<ref>https://www.highonfilms.com/hyenas-1992-review/</ref>. Yinjiye mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1992<ref>https://mubi.com/films/hyenas</ref> . == Umugambi == ''Hyenas'' ( Hyenas ) avuga amateka ya Linguere Ramatou<ref>https://www.frieze.com/article/reign-hyenas-has-come</ref>, umukecuru ugeze mu za bukuru, ukize usuye umudugudu yavukiyemo wa Colobane<ref>https://frenchculture.org/film-tv-and-new-media/us-theatrical-releases/hyenas</ref>. Linguere atanga igitekerezo kibangamiye abaturage ba Colobane kandi abaha ibintu byiza cyane kugirango abemeze<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/hyenas-djibril-diop-mambety-restored-trailer-1202058008/</ref>. Uyu mugore warakaye, "w'umukire nka Banki yisi", azaha Colobane amahirwe yo kumwicira Dramaan Drameh<ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/product/hyenas-blu-ray</ref>, umucuruzi w’umudugudu waho wamutereranye nyuma y’urukundo no gutwita mu buryo butemewe n’imyaka cumi n'irindwi.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film281840.html</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Ami Diakhate nka Linguere Ramatou * Djibril Diop Mambéty * Mansour Diouf nka Dramaan Drameh * Calgou Kugwa nkumupadiri * Faly Gueye nka Mme. Drameh * Mamadou Mahourédia Gueye nka Mayor * Issa Ramagelissa Samb nka mwarimu == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rnrqrlrhps4jlt4p4yhzkdqr8adbbvr 0 9262 80124 79746 2021-11-11T15:02:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sambizanga''''' ni film yo mu 1972 yakozwe n'umuyobozi Sarah Maldoror<ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/sambizanga/</ref> . yashyizweho mu 1961 igihe Intambara y’Ubwigenge ya Angola yatangiraga<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/sambizanga/</ref>, ikurikira urugamba rw’abarwanyi ba Angola bagize uruhare mu ishyaka rya rubanda riharanira kwibohora muri Angola (MPLA)<ref>https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/proiezione/sambizanga-2/</ref>, umutwe wa politiki urwanya ubukoloni umugabo wa Maldoror<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/22/archives/sambizanga-new-film-about-angola-tells-of-oppression-and.html</ref>, Mário Coelho Pinto de Andrade, yari umuyobozi. Iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cyitwa ''A vida verdadeira de Domingos Xavier'' ("Ubuzima nyabwo bwa Domingos Xavier") cyanditswe n'umwanditsi wa Angola, José Luandino Vieira<ref>https://filmstudiescenter.uchicago.edu/events/2021/films-sarah-maldoror-sambizanga-and-monangamb%C3%A9</ref> . == Umusaruro == Iyi filime yafatiwe ahantu muri Repubulika y’abaturage ya Kongo (izwi kandi nka Congo-Brazzaville) mu byumweru birindwi<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/35182_1</ref>. == Abakinnyi == Benshi mu bakinnyi bari abadafite umwuga bagize uruhare mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe byo muri Afurika birwanya ubukoloni<ref>https://www.buala.org/en/afroscreen/to-what-extent-was-sarah-maldoror-s-sambizanga-shaped-by-the-ideology-of-mpla</ref>, nka MPLA n’ishyaka nyafurika riharanira ubwigenge bwa Gineya na Cape Verde (PAIGC)<ref>https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/6424</ref>. Imiterere ya Domingos Xavier yakinwe n'umuny'Angola uba muri Kongo, Domingos Oliveira naho imico ya Maria yakinwe n’umuhanga mu bukungu Elisa Andrade ukomoka muri [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verde]]<ref>https://www.cinemadureel.org/en/film/sambizanga/</ref> == Ibihembo<ref>https://filmforum.org/film/sambizanga-decolonizing-cinema-6-6</ref> == * Maldoror yatsindiye Tanit d'or mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage 1972 * Yatsindiye kandi kumenyekana mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Berlin mu 1973 == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 396axfhnofbk3vtkhnxc09g7c74jocl 0 9263 80125 79748 2021-11-11T15:08:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''come back ,africa''''' ni filime yo mu 1959, filime ya kabiri ndende yanditswe, yakozwe, kandi iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa filime wigenga w’umunyamerika witwa Lionel Rogosin<ref>https://milestonefilms.com/products/come-back-africa</ref> <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/come-back-africa/</ref>. Iyi filime yagize impinduka zikomeye kuri sinema nyafurika<ref>https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2F9781137027030_2.pdf</ref>, kandi iracyafite akamaro gakomeye mu mateka n’umuco nkinyandiko ibungabunga umurage w'imijyi yo muri Afrika yepfo muri 1950<ref>https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2018/04/come-back-africa-apartheid-time-capsule/</ref>. Ishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nka raporo, documentaire, firime yamateka cyangwa sinema ya politiki, kubera ko yerekana ibintu byabaye<ref>https://mubi.com/films/come-back-africa</ref> . Ku rundi ruhande, irerekana ubusobanuro bwibintu bifatika hamwe nigitekerezo gikomeye cyimyitwarire y'abantu nkivanguramoko<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/16/miriam-makeba-come-back-africa</ref>. == Ibihembo == Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Venice 1959<ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/film/come-back-africablack-roots</ref>. Rogosin yateye inkunga kandi ashyigikira ihunga rya Bloke Modisane muri Afurika y'Epfo ndetse n'igihe cye cy'inzibacyuho i Londres, aho yanditse igitabo cye Blame me on history<ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/film/come-back-africa/</ref> . Rogosin muri icyo gihe yahaye ruswa abayobozi muri Afurika y'Epfo maze abasha gukura Miriam Makeba mu gihugu yanga kwishyura ingwate kugira ngo ashobore kumwereka filime mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Venice<ref>https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/mrcvault/videographies/come-back-africa-usa-1959</ref>. Iyi filime hamwe no kuririmba kwa Makeba hamwe n’imisatsi ya "afro" byatumye abantu bumva ibintu kandi iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cyiswe "Italian Critics Award<ref>http://www.worldcat.org/title/come-back-africa/oclc/869015991</ref>". Ntabwo byashobokaga kuvana abahanzi birabura muri Afrika yepfo icyo gihe, kandi ntibishoboka ko aba bahanzi bakora umwuga hanze yigihugu. Rogosin yasezeranye na Makeba mu masezerano, anamutera inkunga y'ingendo n'amafaranga yo kubaho mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/32189_1</ref>. Yashakishije kandi umukozi ushinzwe kwamamaza, anategura isura ye mu Mudugudu wa Vanguard mu mujyi wa New York ndetse no ku ncuro ya mbere kuri ''The Steve Allen Show''<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.come-back-africa.6523.html</ref> == award. == * Uwatsindiye igihembo cya "film yerekana iterambere ryinshi muburyo bukubiyemo imvugo nubuhanga." - Ishyirahamwe ry’amafirime ya Kanada, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Vancouver, 1959 * Yatoranijwe n'ikinyamakuru ''Igihe'' kimwe muri "Amashusho icumi meza yo mu 1960" * Yatoranijwe na Chevalier de la Barre, Paris, nka "Ifoto ikwiye cyane yo mu 1960" == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tk0oy0ro1f9z4jerti3zinuwv5upgkg 0 9264 80126 79798 2021-11-11T15:13:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''fundi-Mentals''''' ni urwenya rwo [[Kenya|muri Kenya rwo muri]] 2015 rwayobowe na Alexandros Konstantaras<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/the-standard/2000127816/fundi-mentals-another-sex-comedy</ref>, nawe wari inyuma ''y'inzu ya Lungula'' yagaragayemo umucamanza Ian Mbugua, iyi comedi yamaze gutorwa muri Afurika Magic Viewer Choice Awards y'uyu mwaka mu bakinnyi beza muri comedi<ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/v15rs3sz-fundimentals</ref> . Muri filime hagaragaramo Charlie Karumi, Gerald Langiri na Lizz Njagah <ref>https://hashreview.com/Fundi-Mentals/about</ref>. == Umugambi == Igitekerezo cya Fundi-mentals kizenguruka mubuzima bwa Fundis ebyiri (intoki),<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Fundi-Mentals</ref> Joseph (Gerald Langiri) numufasha we Moses ( Charlie Karumi ) bakunda kwibwira ko ari Fundis nziza mumitungo ya Kinoo nubwo uburyo bwabo budasanzwe bwo gutunganya ibintu <ref>https://mpasho.co.ke/lifestyle/2015-01-28-the-sex-scenes-on-fundi-mentals-will-definitely-crack-you-up-review/</ref>. Ariko iyinjira rya sosiyete nshya ya Multinational Service Company mumujyi itera ibi byose mukaga<ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/lifestyle/find-out-more-about-the-fundi-mentals/</ref>. Kugira ngo birinde gusohoka mu bucuruzi, bamenyesha abakiriya babo b'abakobwa ubwoko bushya bwa serivisi ya Ex-press hamwe n'ingaruka zishimishije<ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/sexual-comedy-set-to-be-released-at-imax</ref>. == Abakinnyi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umukinnyi ! Imiterere |- | Lizz Njagah | |- |Gerald Langiri <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | Yozefu |- | Charlie Karumi <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | Mose |- | Ruth Maingi <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Firenze Nduta <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Kalekye Mumo <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Milkah Ndegwa <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Naomi Ng'ang'a <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Ainea Ojiambo <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |- |Veronica Waceke <ref name="Fundi-Mentals" /> | |} == Kurekura no kwakirwa == ''Fundi-Mentals'' yarekuwe ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015, i [[Nairobi]] . Yapimwe basanga igombwa kurebwa nabantu barengeje imyaka 18+ kandi mugihe cyo gusohora abayitabiriye bari bakuru gusa<ref>https://www.medrine.co.ke/tag/fundi-mentals/</ref>. Isubiramo kuri Kenya Buzz Wangechi Maina yaranditse ati: " ''Witege ko uzabona Fundi-Mentals'' bashize amanga babiganiraho [igitsina] muburyo uvuga ku mibonano mpuzabitsina na bagenzi bawe, nta kintu kibujijwe. Ibi bituma ''Fundi-Mentals'' bifitanye isano.<ref>http://www.ghafla.com/the-crazy-trailer-of-fundi-mentals-is-out-parental-advisory-explicit-content/</ref> " == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] did8xp4cdf7bwnkk3nijdazok2eqvxj 0 9265 80127 79752 2021-11-11T15:16:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Disconnect''''' ni filime yo gusetsa yo muri Kenya yo muri 2018 iyobowe na David 'Tosh' Gitonga na Michael Jones<ref>http://www.mwendengao.com/2018/05/22/disconnect-film-review/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo umukinnyi w'amafirime ukomoka muri Kenya Brenda Wairimu n'umukinnyi wa filime Nick Mutuma uyobora abakinnyi batandukanye bakora ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye no gukundana i [[Nairobi]] <ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Disconnect_(2018_film)</ref>. Iyi filime izerekanwa kuri Netflix ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2020 izabe filime iheruka gukorerwa muri Kenya inyuze kuri Netflix, nyuma ya Poacher na Daisy Sincerely<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film665496.html</ref> . == Umugambi == Iyi filime irazenguruka gukundana rwihishwa hagati yinshuti ebyiri nziza, Celine (yakinnye nka Brenda Wairimu) na Josh (Nick Mutuma), ninshuti zabo magara mumurwa mukuru wa Kenya<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=287184.html</ref>. Celine afite ikibazo cyo kwinjira muburyo bukwiye, kandi akenshi yishingikiriza kumpanuro ninkunga yamarangamutima yinshuti ze zirimo TK (Catherine Kamau-Karanja) umusazi<ref>https://filmlinkafrica.com/en/2018/04/03/kenyan-movie-disconnect-premieres-in-nairobi/</ref>, Judy (Patricia Kihoro) umurwanyi wamasengesho, Robin (Pierra Makena) Mushiki wa Celine na Preeti (Aseem Sharma) mugenzi we bakorana <ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/lifestyle/2020-10-24-how-kenyan-netflix-films-caused-division/</ref>. Inshuti magara ya Celine ni Josh, yakinnye na Nick Mutuma, nawe ufite itsinda ryinshuti z'abasore zimufasha kuyobora umubano we numukuniz we mu mujyi; igizwe na Otis (Pascal Tokodi) na Jennings (Arthur Sanya)<ref>https://www.cineserie.com/movies/3803048/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/751182-disconnect</ref> == * Brenda Wairimu nka Celine * Patricia Kihoro nka Judy * Nick Mutuma nka Josh * Pascal Tokodi nka Otis * Catherine Kamau nka TK * Pierra Makena nka Robin * Brian Ogola nka Richard * Belinda Muli * Arthur S. Muiruri == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 8ylhcglhovsgi7nwjhmgxigdhlpt4vr 0 9266 80128 79754 2021-11-11T15:21:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The First Grader''''' ni filime yikinamico ya biografiya ya 2010 iyobowe na Justin Chadwick<ref>https://unric.org/en/the-first-grader/</ref> . Irimo Naomie Harris, Oliver Litondo, na Tony Kgoroge<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/20874</ref> . Iyi filime ishingiye ku nkuru y'impamo ya Kimani Maruge<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/13/movies/the-first-grader-justin-chadwicks-tale-of-kenyan-culture-review.html</ref>, [[Kenya|umuhinzi wo muri Kenya]] wiyandikishije mu mashuri abanza afite imyaka 84 nyuma yaho guverinoma ya Kenya yatangaje ko amashuri abanza ari buntu ku isi mu 2003<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/first-grader-film-review-29951/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://theindependentcritic.com/first_grader</ref> == * Naomie Harris nka Jane Obinchu * Oliver Litondo nka Kimani Maruge * Alfred Munyua nka Alfred * Tony Kgoroge nka Charles Obinchu * Vusi Kunene nka Bwana Kipruto * Sam Feuer nkumunyamakuru wabanyamerika === Gufata amashusho === [[Dosiye:Africa6_006.jpg|right|thumb| Ikibaya kinini cya Rift muri Kenya, ahabereye amashusho.]] Producer ukomoka muri Amerika witwa Sam Feuer yasanze inkuru kurupapuro rwambere rwa LA Times ahitamo We<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/jun/19/kenya-first-grader-education</ref>, hanyuma, ashaka umufatanyabikorwa Richard Harding<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/The_First_Grader</ref>, yafatanije na BBC Films maze aha akazi Ann Peacock kwandika amashusho. Filime yakozwe n’abongereza yafatiwe ahitwa Rift Valley muri Kenya, nubwo mbere byavuzwe ko izafatirwa muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] <ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/the-first-grader</ref>. Umuyobozi Chadwick yagize ati: "Twashoboraga kuyirasa muri Afurika y'Epfo, ariko Kenya ifite izo mbaraga zidasanzwe, zidasobanutse zirangwa mu bana, ndetse n'abantu twakoraga film". <ref>https://www.helpage.org/blogs/sarah-marzouk-10/the-first-grader-a-real-life-example-of-age-helps-196/</ref> == Gutanga ibihembo<ref>https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/dvd-the-first-grader-oliver-litondo/20866386</ref> == * '''Won:''' 2010 Toronto International Film Festival amatwi Award (runner-up) * '''Yatsindiye:''' 2010 Sedona International Festival Festival Yabaterankunga * '''Yatsindiye:''' Ibihembo bya Satelite 2011 ya Filime nziza yuburezi * '''Yatsindiye:''' Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime Rochester, 2011 Igihembo * '''Yatsindiye:''' Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Pan Pan 2011, Igihembo cyabateze amatwi * '''Yatsinze:''' Iserukiramuco rya Nashville 2011 , Igihembo cyo Guhitamo Abumva * '''Yatowe:''' 2011 Gotham Awards, Igihembo cyabateze amatwi * '''Yatsindiye:''' Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Emden 2011, Igihembo cyabateze amatwi * '''Yatsinze:''' Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Emden 2011, Igihembo cya Bernhard Wicki * '''Yatsindiye:''' Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Durban 2011, Igihembo cyabateze amatwi * '''Yatsindiye:''' Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Zanzibar 2011, Igihembo cyabateze amatwi * '''Yatsinze:''' 2011 360 365 Iserukiramuco rya Filime, Ikiranga Cyiza * '''Yatsindiye:''' Ibihembo bya World Soundtrack 2011, Kuvumbura Umwaka - ''Alex Heffes'' * '''Yatsindiye:''' 2012 AARP Filime ya Grownups Igihembo ''cyumukinnyi mwiza - Oliver Litondo'' * '''Yatsindiye:''' 2012 NAACP Ishusho Yigihembo Kubyanditse Byiza ''Kumashusho Yerekana - Ann Peacock'' * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 NAACP Ishusho Yigihembo Kumashusho Yerekana Amashusho - ''Sam Feuer, David Thompson, Richard Harding'' * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 NAACP Ishusho Yigihembo Kubyamamare Byigenga Byigenga - ''Sam Feuer, David Thompson, Richard Harding'' * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 NAACP Amashusho Yibihembo bya Album Yindirimbo Zidasanzwe * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 NAACP Ishusho ''Yigihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu'' mashusho yerekana - Oliver Litondo * '''Yatsindiye:''' 2012 Ivor Novello Awards, amanota meza ya Filime yumwimerere - ''Alex Heffes'' * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 Black Reel Awards, Umukinnyi mwiza - ''Oliver Litondo'' * '''Yatowe:''' 2012 Black Reel Awards, amanota meza yumwimerere - ''Alex Heffes'' == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jvrtx98y2vqcfhrd7opbz7ezkc2u27d 0 9267 80129 79756 2021-11-11T15:25:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Constant Gardener''''' ni filim iri ituruka muri England and German yasohotse muri 2005 iyoborwa na Fernando Meirelles <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=56739.html</ref>. Amashusho yakozwe na Jeffrey Caine ashingiye ku gitabo cya John le Carré cyo mu 2001 cyitwa The Constant Gardener <ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-constant-gardener-2005</ref>. Iyi nkuru ikurikira Justin Quayle ( Ralph Fiennes ), umudipolomate w’Ubwongereza muri Kenya<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/9969/the-constant-gardener</ref>, ubwo yageragezaga gukemura ikibazo cy’iyicwa ry’umugore we Tessa ( Rachel Weisz ), uharanira Amnesty, asimburana n’ibintu byinshi byerekana amateka y’urukundo rwabo<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/9969/the-constant-gardener</ref>. Iyi filime yafatiwe amashusho ahitwa Loiyangalani no mucyaro cya Kibera, igice cya [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/nov/11/3</ref> . Ibintu muri kariya gace byagize ingaruka ku bakinnyi ndetse no ku bakozi ku buryo bashizeho Constant Gardener Trust kugira ngo batange uburezi bw'ibanze kuri iyo midugudu<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/nov/11/3</ref>. Uyu mugambi washingiye ku buryo budasobanutse ku rubanza rwabayeho i Kano, muri Nijeriya<ref>https://www.focusfeatures.com/the_constant_gardener</ref> . Impapuro za DVD zasohotse muri Amerika ku ya 1 Mutarama 2006 no mu Bwongereza ku ya 13 Werurwe 2006<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Constant-Gardener-film-by-Meirelles</ref>. Ubwitonzi bwa Justin ariko bwitondewe kubihingwa bye ninsanganyamatsiko yagarukaga, aho ishusho ya firime yakomotse<ref>https://dramatica.com/articles/the-constant-gardener</ref>. Hubert Koundé, Danny Huston, Bill Nighy, Pete Postlethwaite, na Donald Sumpter bakoranye<ref>http://www.filmeducation.org/pdf/film/Constant%20Gardener.pdf</ref>. Iyi filime yagenze neza kandi yinjiza amafaranga menshi kandi yegukana ibihembo bine bya Oscar, yegukana umukinnyi wa filime witwaye neza muri Rachel Weisz<ref>https://www.legendarytrips.com/trip/the-constant-gardener-filming-locations-kenya/</ref>. == Abakinnyi ==  {{div col}} * [[Ralph Fiennes]] as Justin Quayle * [[Rachel Weisz]] as Tessa Abbott-Quayle * [[Danny Huston]] as Sandy Woodrow * [[Hubert Koundé]] as Arnold Bluhm * [[Archie Panjabi]] as Ghita Pearson * [[Bill Nighy]] as Sir Bernard Pellegrin * [[Gerard McSorley]] as Sir Kenneth Curtis * [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Lorbeer * [[Donald Sumpter]] as Tim Donohue * [[Richard McCabe]] as Arthur Hammond * [[Juliet Aubrey]] as Gloria Woodrow * [[Nick Reding (actor)|Nick Reding]] as Crick * [[Christopher Okinda]] as Doctor == refrences == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 93ystrdl0aoc6fe79ufe9378wpu80zt 0 9268 80130 79758 2021-11-11T15:33:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''18 Hours''''' ni film yikinamico yo muri Kenya 2017 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Njue Kevin kumugaragaro bwa mbere<ref>https://stories.showmax.com/18-hours-movie/</ref>. Abakinnyi barimo Nick Ndeda, Sue Wanjiru, Brian Ogola, Isaya Evans na Shirleen Wangari<ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/aquowbfa-18-hours</ref>. Iyi filime "ikurikira inkeragutabara ya rookie irokoka amasaha 18 muri ambulance ubuzima bw'impanuka yo mu muhanda yangiwe kwinjira mu bitaro<ref>https://moviesofthesoul.com/2021/08/02/18hours/</ref>." Iyi filime, yakoze amateka nk’ifoto ya mbere yo muri [[Kenya]] yatowe muri Filime Nziza Muri rusange muri Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards ( AMVCA ) yegukana ibindi 4 bahatanira ibihembo muri 2018<ref>http://www.sundance.org/festivals/sundance-film-festival</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Nick Ndeda * Kurega Wanjiru * Brian Ogola * Achar Brian * Junniah W Kariithi * shirleen Wangari * Ruth Maingi * Brenda Wairimu == Umusaruro == Igitekerezo cya firime cyatangiye mu 2015 ubwo Njue Kevin, umwanditsi & diregiteri, yasomaga inkuru ku kinyamakuru<ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/film-ambulance-patient-8-hours/</ref>. Ninkuru yahumetswe namakuba yabayeho, aho umugabo yavuye ambulance mumasaha 18 kuko ibitaro byigihugu bya Kenyatta(Kenyatta National Hospital) byavugaga ko bidafite uburiri bwa ICU(ICU bed)<ref>https://www.blueskytraveler.com/top-18-safari-movies-to-watch-before-your-african-safari/</ref>. Nibwo twatangiye gukina hirya no hino twibwira ko iyi idashobora kuba film ikomeye; twibwira ko ari firime yo kwishimisha ariko ikanakoreshwa muguhindura imibereho. <ref>http://www.deliverafya.org/blog/18-hours-film-health-activism-kenya/</ref> Producer, Phoebe Ruguru yahise yomekwa hanyuma iterambere ryimyandikire ritangirana no kuvugana nabaganga benshi nabatekinisiye byihutirwa bari barinjiye rwose kandi bafite uruhare mumushinga hose. <ref>http://www.deliverafya.org/blog/18-hours-film-health-activism-kenya/</ref> Njue yabitangaje, kubwibyo twagombaga kuba abizerwa mubuvandimwe, nkuko Njue yabitangarije BBC Gahuzamiryango. <ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/lifestyle/kenya-organises-its-first-indian-film-festival-819206</ref> Igikorwa cyo gukina cyari cy'itabiriwe nabantu kandi cy'itabiriwe n'abakinnyi ba Kenya nubwo umusaruro wakiriye ibyifuzo by'abakinnyi kwisi yose harimo bamwe bo muri LA, Hollywood, London, nu Budage<ref>https://lamusicjunkie.wordpress.com/2018/10/09/5-brilliant-award-winning-kenyan-movies-you-need-to-watch/</ref>. Ihamagarwa rya casting ryashyizwe k'umurongo kandi ryakiriye abasaba 1000 hanyuma 25 gusa binjira muri firime. <ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/entertainment/2020-12-23-the-biggest-kenyan-shows-and-movies-on-showmax-in-2020/</ref> Nyuma yo kwandika, Njue yahaye akazi umuhanzi w'inkuru maze akambika ibyumweru 4 mu nzu ye i Nairobi aho bakoze ibishushanyo n'amashusho kugira ngo basobanure inkuru<ref>https://www.kenyaforum.net/arts-sports-culture/18-hours-film-based-on-true-story-feted-africas-best-in-lagos/</ref>. == Kurekura == '''''18 Hours''''' yafunguriwe mu nzu y'imikino muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2017 kuri premier yagurishijwe. Abanyamakuru benshi bishimiye itangizwa ryabo barimo umukinnyi ukomoka mu gihugu cya Kenya, David Rudisha, wagize uruhare mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza kugira ngo baharanire ubutabazi bwihuse muri Kenya.<ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/lifestyle/kenyan-movie-18-hours-crowned-best-movie-in-africa/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza muri Kenya hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana ubutwari bwa Njue Kevin nitsinda rye gukora firime '''''18 Hours'''''<ref>https://www.thedreamafrica.com/africa-kenya-the-5-best-kenyan-movies-of-2017/</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] p3o4q43xcvmj1bpqba8bgl7jfp9r7rk 0 9269 80131 79760 2021-11-11T15:37:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''House of Lungula''''' ni filime yo gusetsa yo [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] yasohotse 2013 iyobowe na Alexandros Konstantaras<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/the-standard/2000113772/house-of-lungula-kenyas-first-sex-comedy-premieres-this-month</ref>. Yibanze ku mibonano mpuzabitsina [[Kenya|y'Abanyakenya]] basanzwe. Ijambo "lungula" risobanura "igitsina" mu mvugo ya Kenya, Sheng<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/the-standard/2000114161/movie-review-house-of-lungula</ref> . Muri filime hagaragaramo Gerald Langiri, Lizz Njagah na Ian Mbugua<ref>https://www.kenyanvibe.com/house-of-lungula-a-sprited-trouser-comedy/</ref> . Langiri akina ari umugabo ukora cyane ukeneye amafaranga kugirango yishyure inkwano y'umukunzi we<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201405020414.html</ref>, naho Njagah akina ari umugore wahisemo gukina umukino wa tit-tat-tat amenye ko umugabo we afite ihabara. Mbugua afitanye umubano wihishe nundi mukoba muto wakinnye yitwa Sara Hassan<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201311261060.html</ref>, akaba yikundira abagabo b'inararibonye bafite [[Ifaranga|amafaranga]] . Filime yagenewe abarengeje imyaka 18+ nishyirahamwe ry'ubuyobozi bwa firime muri Kenya<ref>https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast_en/30765/vod-house-of-lungula-to-show-on-buni-tv</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Lizz Njagah nka Lola Taylor * Gerald Langiri nka Harrisson Hamisi * Ian Mbugua nka Chris Taylor * Lenana Kariba nka Alex Kijani * Sarah Hassan nka Chichi * Nice Githinji nkumugiraneza * Gitau Ngogoyo nka Tito "Tito" * Helena Waithera nka Sahara * Lydia Nyambura nka Lidiya * Diana Nekoye nka Diana * Sheila Kwamboka nka Cop == Umuziki == ''House of Lungula'' yagaragayemo ibikorwa byinshi bya muzika byari byakozwe n'abahanzi bo [[Kenya|muri Kenya.]]<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/House_of_Lungula</ref> Ni Sisi Band yakoze "(Give it all to me) Inzu ya Lungula", niyo yari amajwi nyamukuru ya firime . Muri iyi filime kandi hagaragayemo Chuom 32 hamwe na Doreen Nyawira akora "House of Lungula OST".<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/2769794/house-lungula-first-kenyan-exx</ref>". == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" !Ishirahamwe ryo gutanga ! Igihembo ! Uwatsinze |- | Kalasha awards 2013 | Filime nziza | ''Inzu ya Lungula'' |- | | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira | Sarah Hassan |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] cnp3aib0b4o4ude45ek3hi6ajmdcutt 0 9270 80133 79763 2021-11-11T15:42:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''I Want to Be a Pilot''''' ni filimi ngufi yasohotse 2006 yegukanye igihembo gikomeye cyane cya Oscars muri 2006<ref>https://www.filmsshort.com/short-film-pages/i-want-to-be-a-pilot-diego-quemada-diez.html</ref>, ituruka muri [[Kenya]] - [[Megizike|Mexique]] yanditswe inayoborwa na Diego Quemada-Diez<ref>https://moviesthatmatter.nl/en/education/film/i-want-to-be-a-pilot/</ref><ref>https://www.osmaviationacademy.com/blog/10-flight-movies-you-should-see-before-becoming-a-pilot</ref>. Iyi filime imaze kubona ibihembo mpuzamahanga birenga 50<ref>https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/i-want-to-be-a-pilot-film-review-by-amber-wilkinson</ref><ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/315925-i-want-to-be-a-pilot</ref>, harimo ''igihembo cy’abateze amatwi'' mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Los Angeles,<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/315925-i-want-to-be-a-pilot</ref> kandi yitabiriye iserukiramuco rya firime risaga 200 nka Sundance, Locarno, Telluride, Edinburgh, Amiens, Los Angeles, São Paulo, Manhattan, Silverdocs, Bermuda, San Francisco<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/I_Want_to_Be_a_Pilot/41995016</ref> <ref>https://filmeducatie.nl/aan-de-slag/film/i-want-to-be-a-pilot</ref>. == Umugambi == Filime ivuga amateka y'umuhungu wibasiwe n'ubukene muri kamwe mu turere dukennye cyane two muri Kenya ureba mu kirere kandi arota kuba umupiloti w’indege<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film245640.html</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/films/i-want-to-be-a-pilot</ref>,. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.moviefone.com/movie/i-want-to-be-a-pilot/1337100/main/</ref> == * Joseph Kyalo Kioko * Kepha Onduru * Collins Otieno. . . Omondi * Gaudencia Ayuma Schichenga == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] pe76ut8ixnb5toufm7vasrzjaxq2p7i 0 9271 80134 79765 2021-11-11T15:53:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 added wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Intellectual Scum''''' ni film ngufi yo muri [[Kenya]] yasohotse 2015 iyobowe na Njue Kevin<ref>https://www.potentash.com/2015/04/04/intellectual-scum-a-movie-review/</ref> . Yakozwe na Rocque Pictures, iyi filime ni uguhuza ingingo itavugwaho rumwe 'Wowe Umunebwe (Umunyabwenge) wo muri [[Afurika]]!' <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/art-culture/the-brutal-honesty-in-the-short-film-intellectual-scum-465944?view=htmlamp</ref> yakozwe na Field Ruwe, umunyamerika ukora umwuga wo gutangaza amakuru muri Zambiya<ref>http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2016/Film/Short%20Films/INTELLECTUAL%20SCUM</ref>. == Umugambi == Mu ndege y'ubucuruzi, umunyabwenge w'umunyafurika ( Field Ruwe ), yicaye iruhande rw'umuzungu (Walter)<ref>http://yamm.finance/wiki/Intellectual_Scum.html</ref>. Mu kiganiro cyabo, kikaba ari ubugome bukabije, inyangamugayo ndetse na bamwe mu bavangura amoko, Walter ashinja 'Abanyabwenge' kuba afurika iri aho iri ubu<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/intellectual-scum-official-hd-trailer/</ref>.<ref>https://amakula.org/film/intellectual-scum-kenya/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-movies-byo-113716.html</ref> == * Jason Corder nka Walter * Patrick Oketch nka Field Ruwe * Kevin Samuel nkuwasesenguye * Mkamzee Mwatela nkuyobora * Edward Kagure nkumujura * Niki Behr nkumukozi windege == Uko yakozwe == Amafoto yibanze kuri firime yatangiye ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 2015 arangira ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2015. Urukurikirane rw'indege kuri firime rwafatiwe ,amashusho ku ndege nyirizina ku kibuga cy'indege cya Wilson bitandukanye no gukora sound stage <ref>https://www.varcity.co.ke/the-controversial-intellectual-scum-movie-private-screening-glitz-glamour-and-inspiration/</ref>. Uyu muyobozi, Njue Kevin, kuri iki cyemezo yagize ati: "Twari gukoresha inshuro ebyiri ingengo y’imari itari ku kibuga cy’indege nyirizina. Iyo ku ngengo y'imari idahwitse, ugomba gukora ibyo ugomba gukora<ref>https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/intellectual-scum-this-films-15-minutes-aboard-a-plane-will-be-the-best-you-ever-had/</ref>. " == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] se7afn61ipyaiyf2eermr7mn06o8b0i 0 9272 80135 79767 2021-11-11T15:57:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kibera Kid''''' ni filime ngufi yashyizwe mu gace ka Kibera i [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2012/06/04/world/africa/kibera-slum-kenya-film-school/index.html</ref> . Yanditswe, iyobowe kandi ifatanya na Nathan Collett ku bufatanye n’abaturage ba Kibera<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/kibera-kid-film/2/</ref>. Iyi filime y'iminota cumi n'ibiri yagaragayemo abakinnyi ba filimi muri Kibera mubikorwa by'ingenzi<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/kibera-kid-film/</ref>. Yakinywe mu birori bya firime ku isi yose harimo iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Berlin kandi yatsindiye [[:en:Student_EMMY|Student EMMY]] ukomoka muri Hollywood<ref>https://www.interfilm.de/festival-chronik/en/filme?tx_interfilmfestival_filmlist%5BeventItem%5D=3325&cHash=79dad2cfb3164dac52a3216820d66057</ref> . Byanditswe na BBC, Reuters   hamwe na Al Jazeera Icyongereza<ref>https://kugomashorts.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/kibera-kid-a-short-tale-from-the-slums-of-nairobi/</ref> . Muri Mata 2009, hafashwe amashusho yerekana amashusho ya Kibera Kid <ref>https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/kenya-slum-filmmaking/reports/?pageNo=7</ref>. Filime ndende yuzuye yibanda ku makimbirane ashingiye ku moko ndetse no kwiyunga. Iyi filime yagize ingaruka nini kuko yatumye hashyirwaho Hot Sun Foundation itoza urubyiruko rwo mucyaro gukora firime zabo<ref>https://stanfordmag.org/contents/planet-cardinal-2270</ref>. == Umugambi == Kibera Kid ninkuru ya Otieno, impfubyi yimyaka 12 yo muri Kibera abana nitsinda ryabajura bagomba guhitamo ubuzima bw'agatsiko no gucungurwa. Inkuru ni ibihimbano ibintu byerekanwe ntabwo ari ukuri<ref>http://www.bongocinema.com/movies_african/view/kibera-kid</ref>. Ubugizi bwa nabi n'ubukene birasanzwe muri Kibera, nyamara hari benshi bazaharanira ubuzima bwiza nubwo ibintu bimeze nabi<ref>https://yamm.finance/wiki/Lola_Kenya_Children's_Screen.html</ref>.<ref>https://intro.africa/story/picha-marangi/</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 9v2r5l49z3u4cx1hvm42o8qz6oei4vp 0 9273 80136 79769 2021-11-11T16:02:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki The Letter ni filime documentaire ifite iminota 84 yo muri Kenya 2019 iyobowe na maia Lekow afatanyije na Christopher King<ref>https://www.filmafrica.org/film-africa-2020/the-letter-uk-online/</ref><ref>https://screenworlds.org/resources/the-letter-2019-director-qa-with-film-africa/</ref>. Yatoranijwe nkumunyakenya winjiye muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga Yamamaye muri 93 Awards Academy, ariko ntabwo yatowe<ref>https://screenworlds.org/resources/the-letter-2019-director-qa-with-film-africa/</ref>. == Inyandiko == Umusore yasuye umudugudu wa nyirakuru kugira ngo amenye ko yashinjwaga kuroga.<ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/idfa-the-letter-trailer-1203406004/</ref><ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/59746_1</ref> == Reba kandi<ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/idfa-the-letter-trailer-1203406004/</ref><ref>https://worldfilmreviews.us/the-letter/</ref> == * Urutonde rwabashyikirijwe ibihembo bya 93 bya Academy ya Filime mpuzamahanga nziza * Urutonde rwabanyakenya batanze igihembo cya Akademiki ya Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 181crpnnly84x9irr9tfbbttbznwyzk 0 9274 80137 79771 2021-11-11T16:06:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Rescue''''' ni film documentaire yasohotse 2021 iyobowe kandi ikorwa na Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi na Jimmy Chin<ref>https://films.nationalgeographic.com/the-rescue</ref> . Bikurikiranye gutabara ubuvumo bwa Tham Luang, ubutumwa bwa 2018 bwakijije [[Umupira w’amaguru|ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru]] mu buvumo bwamazi<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-rescue-movie-review-2021</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 48 rya Telluride ku ya 2 Nzeri 2021, ikaba yarasohotse mu ikinamico muri Amerika ku ya 8 Ukwakira 2021<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/oct/26/the-rescue-review-flooded-thai-dave-documentary-makers-free-solo-meru-junior-football-team</ref>. == Umugambi == Filime ikurikira gutabara ubuvumo bwa Tham Luang <ref>https://www.foxtonmedia.co.ke/blog/2021/7/16/mission-rescue-film-heads-south/</ref>. == Umusaruro == Muri Werurwe 2019, byatangajwe ko Kevin Macdonald azayobora filime yerekanwe ku gutabara ubuvumo bwa Tham Luang, hamwe na National Geographic Documentary Films igiye gukorwa. Muri Gashyantare 2021, byatangajwe ko Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi na Jimmy Chin bazasimbura Macdonald nk'umuyobozi<ref>https://nairobifashionhub.co.ke/mission-to-rescue-kenyan-first-ever-military-action-movie/</ref>.<ref>https://broadcastmediaafrica.com/kenya-mission-to-rescue-action-movie-shows-film-industry-is-coming-of-age</ref> Abakinnyi ba firime bagize ikibazo cyo kubona uburenganzira ku nkuru, aho National Geographic yashoboye kubona uburenganzira ku nkuru zinyuranye, mu gihe Netflix yari yarabonye uburenganzira ku bunararibonye bw'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru, ibabuza kuvuga amateka yabo muri filime<ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2021-06-02-mission-to-rescue-released-exclusively-on-baze/</ref>.<ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/movies/movie/mission-to-rescue</ref> == Kurekura == Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 48 rya Telluride ku ya 2 Nzeri 2021. Yerekanwe kandi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 2021 rya Toronto ku ya 12 Nzeri 2021, aho yatsindiye igihembo cy’abaturage cyo guhitamo inyandiko . <ref>https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kenyas-first-ever-military-thriller-film-mission-to-rescue-set-to-hit-the-cinemas/</ref>Greenwich Entertainment izakwirakwiza film muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://www.africanews.com/2021/11/08/prisoners-film-documentary-about-the-carthage-film-festival//</ref>. === Amashimwe === ''The Rescue'' yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Documentaire mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Midburg. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] bpzagp4ljsa429qm2m6l68yph4ja3u1 0 9275 80138 79773 2021-11-11T16:10:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Nairobi Half Life''''' ni film y'ikinamico yo muri Kenya yasohotse 2012 iyobowe na David "Tosh" Gitonga<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Nairobi_Half_Life</ref>. Iyi filime yatoranijwe nka filime yo muri kenya yinjiye neza mu rurimi rw'amahanga muri Oscar mu bihembo bya 85 bya Osama<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/nairobi-life-afi-fest-review-391847/</ref>, ariko ntiyaboneka k'urutonde rwa nyuma, kandi ni ubwa mbere Kenya itanga filime muri iki cyiciro<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nairobi_half_life_2012</ref>. Mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 33 rya Durban, Joseph Wairimu yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza<ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/48wfzimm-nairobi-half-life</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy igihembo cy'umukinnyi wizewe cyane kuva mu birori bya 9<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/nairobi-half-life/</ref> . Yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Afrika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014 <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/nainotepad/2001264050/being-famous-doesnt-pay-rent-nairobi-half-life-actor-joseph-mwas-wairimu</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Joseph Wairimu nka Mwas * Olwenya Maina nka Oti * Nancy Wanjiku Karanja nka Amina * Mugambi Nthiga nka Cedric * Paul Ogola nka Mose * Antony Ndung'u nka Waf * Johnson Gitau Chege nka Kyalo * Kamau Ndungu nka John Waya * Abubakar Mwenda nka Dingo * Mburu Kimani nka Papa M. * Mehul Savani nka Khanji * Maina Joseph nka Kimachia == Kwakira == ''Umunyamakuru wa Hollywood,'' Todd McCarthy, yashimye iyi filime nyuma yo kuyireba muri AFI Fest 2012<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2012/11/09/world/africa/kenya-film-nairobi-half-life/index.html</ref>: "Iyi kinamico igaragaramo ubunyangamugayo bufatika ." KenyaBuzz yerekanye imikorere yibye yakozwe na Maina Olwenya ubwo Oti yagize ati: "Iyi mico ni ghetto kuruta kumva alubumu za kera za NWA. Avuga ko afite ubugizi bwa nabi kandi agenda nkaho atunze umujyi nubwo ari umugizi wa nabi<ref>http://www.africine.org/film/nairobi-half-life/14212</ref>. "Muri Werurwe 2014 Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards muri Werurwe 2014, ''Nairobi Half Life'' yahawe ibihembo kuri<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/my-first-film-shows-nairobi-how-it-really-is/a-16301832</ref>: * Umukinnyi wa Sinema mwiza (Christian Almesberger) * Igishushanyo Cyiza cyo Kumurika (Mohamed Zain) * Umuhanzi mwiza wo kwisiga (Elayne Okaya) na * Umuyobozi mwiza wubuhanzi ( Barbara Minishi ). == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 278w3607zh1tn9qn91sxslmn9sqhyc1 0 9276 80139 79775 2021-11-11T16:13:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pumzi''''' ni film ngufi ya siyanse y'impimbano yo muri Kenya yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Wanuri Kahiu<ref>https://www.e-flux.com/video/334045/wanuri-kahiu-nbsp-pumzi/</ref> . Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance 2010 mu rwego rwa gahunda yayo nshya ya Afurika<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/pumzi/</ref>. Uyu mushinga watewe inkunga n’ikigega cy’ubuhanzi cya Changamoto, ndetse n’ikigo cya Goethe Institut na Focus Features <ref>https://www.wired.com/2010/01/pumzi/</ref>. Kahiu yizeye kwagura bigufi muburyo bwuzuye<ref>https://africa.film/pumzi-a-wanuri-kahiu-short-film/</ref>. Filime iri mucyongereza, ariko umutwe ni [[Igiswahili]] bisobanuye"Umwuka<ref>https://www.theafricareport.com/8939/films-pumzi-and-scheherazade-tell-me-a-story/</ref>". === Afurika === Pumzi igwa cyane mubwoko bwa Africanfuturism <ref>https://uniteyouthdublin.wordpress.com/2015/08/31/pumzi-a-review/</ref>. Irerekana uko ejo hazaza hazaba umuco (uherereye kumugabane wa Afrika) utuwe cyane nabirabura<ref>https://www.pumzithefilm.com/</ref>. Byongeye kandi, yakozwe na sitidiyo yo muri Afrika yepfo igizwe nitsinda ryabashinzwe gukora no kumenyekanisha uburyo bushya bwibintu ndangamuco biva mubihugu bya Afrika<ref>https://www.international.ucla.edu/ccs/event/9186</ref>. ''Pumzi'' ihuza neza na motif ikunze kuboneka muri Africanfuturism , ariko ntibigarukiraho gusa, kuba hari ahantu nyaburanga hatagira uruhare runini rw'amazi<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/144513/pumzi</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] jso9de72nunsvsjdcrq89jy85mf9fe5 0 9277 80140 79777 2021-11-11T16:19:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Poacher''''' ni [[Kenya|film ngufi ya Kenya]] / [[Ubwongereza]] yasohotse 2018 iyobowe na Tom Whitworth<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/arts-and-culture/2001388367/locally-shot-short-film-poacher-to-premier-on-netflix-today</ref>. Iyi filime yitabiriwe n'abantu benshi nyuma yo gusohoka muri Netflix muri Nzeri 2020<ref>https://hagertyjourn.com/14483/editorials/reviews/poacher-brings-a-trunk-load-of-storytelling-to-netflix/</ref>. Yabaye kandi filime ya mbere yo muri Kenya yasohotse binyuze kuri Netflix<ref>https://www.pd.co.ke/entertainment/actor-brian-ogola-starred-in-a-2018-short-film-poacher-53571/</ref>. == Umugambi == Yakozwe mu buryo butangaje bwa firime, ''Poacher'' ivuga amateka y’umuhinzi wihebye uhura n’ibibazo nyuma yo kwiba igiti cy’amahembe y’inzovu mu gatsiko k’iterabwoba <ref>https://khusoko.com/2020/09/03/kenyas-conservation-film-poacher-to-air-on-netflix-sept-30/</ref>. Iyi filime irashaka kwerekana ikibazo gikomeye mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi bw’inzovu mu buryo butemewe hifashishijwe ibibazo by’abaturage, inzovu ziri mu kaga muri [[Afurika]]<ref>http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/news/news-archive/2011/january-2011/775-afda-students-shoots-rhino-poaching-movie-on-film</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Brian Ogola nka Mutua * Davina Leonard nka Nicola Betts * Lenny Juma nka Juma * Shiviske Shivisi nka Ngina * Olwenya Maina nka Hassan == Umusaruro == ''Poacher'' yafashwe amashusho muminsi itandatu muri parike yigihugu ya Tsavo yuburengerazuba bwamajyepfo yumurwa mukuru wa Kenya, Nairobi<ref>https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kenyan-film-poacher-to-be-aired-on-netflix/</ref>. Umusaruro warimo abanyamuryango n'abakozi barenga 30<ref>https://www.huntleyarchives.com/results.asp?txtkeys1=poacher</ref>. Umuyobozi Tom Whitworth yasebeje umuyobozi wa mbere ukiri muri filime ku ya 10 Mata 2018, atangaza ko sinema yakozwe na Nathan Prior na Ishmael Azeli. Byagaragaye ko filime ngufi yabanje gutekerezwa nk'ikinamico ya TV<ref>https://www.triplep.tv/article.php?jmk=MjU4</ref>. == Kurekura == ''Poacher (2018)'' yarekuwe muri Kanama 2018, imaze kwerekanwa mu iserukiramuco rigufi kugeza ku ngingo (STTP)<ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/57023-award-winning-kenyan-film-make-history-netflix</ref>, atoranyirizwa igihembo cya ''Best Editing'' Award ''.'' Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Kenya mu nzu mberabyombi ya ANGA IMAX ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2018 muri ''Kalasha International Film Awards'' i [[Nairobi]] <ref>https://theafrikantales.wordpress.com/2020/09/29/poacher-movie-review/</ref>. ''Poacher'' yanerekanywe mu ''iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema mpuzamahanga rya'' Moscou 2018 muri Nzeri 2018 i Moscou. Iyi filime yanyujijwe kuri Netflix ku ya 30 Nzeri 2020<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=249836.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7taemrzkqsowan17bln67r54i01be37 0 9278 80141 79780 2021-11-11T16:24:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Rafiki''''' ( drama film yo muri [[Kenya]] iyoborwa na Wanuri Kahiu<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rafiki-2019</ref> . ''Rafiki'' ninkuru y'urukundo rukura hagati y'abakobwa 2 bakiri bato, Kena na Ziki, hagati y'umuryango n’igitutu cya politiki gikikije uburenganzira bwa LGBT muri Kenya<ref>https://mubi.com/films/rafiki-2018</ref> . Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mpuzamahanga mu gice cya ''Un Certain Regard'' mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2018.<ref>https://www.highonfilms.com/rafiki-2018-review/</ref> niyo filime ya mbere yo muri [[Kenya]] yerekanwe muri ibyo birori<ref>https://www.filmmovement.com/rafiki</ref>. == Umugambi == Kena afasha se John Mwaura kuyobora iduka rito ryorohereza i [[Nairobi]] mugihe yiyamamariza amatora yaho<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/may/09/rafiki-review-sweet-lesbian-romance-aims-to-change-kenyan-hearts-and-minds-cannes</ref>. Kena abana na nyina, utari mubyukuri kuvugana na John. Kena atangira gukundana na Ziki, umukobwa wabaturanyi ufite umusatsi wamabara, nawe wabaye umukobwa wa Peter Okemi, mukeba wa John muri politike<ref>https://www.filmelier.com/film/14052/rafiki</ref>. Kena na Ziki bafite gahunda nyinshi z'urukundo, kandi bahita begera cyane<ref>https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/rafiki-review-1202805489/</ref>, ariko hariho amakimbirane yo kwerekana urukundo rwabo kumugaragaro kuko abaryamana bahuje ibitsina bitemewe muri Kenya<ref>http://www.wanurikahiu.com/rafiki</ref>. == Kwakira == Kuri Metacritic film ifite amanota 68 ku 100 ishingiye kubisubizo byatanzwe nabanenga 17, byerekana "muri rusange ibitekerezo byiza"<ref>https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)</ref>.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-lgbt-film-trfn-idUSKBN22B260</ref> === Ibihembo === Mugatsia yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri FESPACO ya 2019 i Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso kubera kwerekana Kena<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/18/movies/rafiki-review.html</ref> <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] ky6robuxkopdkzwclfhlisy3a2u5o6n 0 9279 80142 79782 2021-11-11T16:29:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Rise and Fall of Idi Amin,''''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''''Amin: The Rise and Fall'''''<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise-and-fall-of-idi-amin</ref>, ni filime yerekeye ubuzima bwa '''''Idi Amin''' mu'' 1981 yayobowe na Sharad Patel ikinwamo na Joseph Olita nka [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] . Olita yakinnye kandi nka Amin muri filime ''Mississippi Masala yo'' mu 1991.<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/amin-the-rise-and-fall</ref> == Umugambi == Irasobanura ibikorwa n’ubugizi bwa nabi bitavugwaho rumwe n’uwahoze ari umunyagitugu wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]]<ref>https://www.travelhemispheres.com/tours/idi-amin-dada-actor-succumbs-to-death-in-the-rise-and-fall-of-idi-amin-film.html</ref>, Idi Amin Dada, igihe yazamukaga ku butegetsi mu 1971 kugeza igihe yahiritswe ku butegetsi mu 1979 biturutse ku ntambara ya Uganda na Tanzaniya<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/rise-and-fall-of-idi-amin/m026mnh2?hl=en</ref> . ''Rise and Fall of Idi Amin'' yari ifatanije [[Ubwongereza|n’Ubwongereza]], [[Kenya]], na [[Nijeriya]], aho amashusho menshi yakorewe muri [[Kenya]], hashize igihe kitageze ku mwaka Amin avuye kubutegetsi<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6eb963dd</ref>.. == Amateka Yukuri == Nubwo yiswe filime ikoreshwa nabi, birasobanutse neza ku byabaye n'amatariki y'ibyabaye byerekanwe<ref>https://www.vprogids.nl/cinema/films/film~431456~the-rise-and-fall-of-idi-amin~.html</ref>, birimo igitero cya Isiraheli, intambara na [[Tanzaniya]], no gufata no gufunga umunyamakuru w’Ubwongereza Denis Hills (wigaragaza muri filime)<ref>https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=162577&section=4.5</ref> . == Igisubizo == ubwo yasohotse ku rwego mpuzamahanga, amajwi menshi yarahinduwe kubera amajwi atumvikana neza. <ref>https://everything.explained.today/Rise_and_Fall_of_Idi_Amin/</ref>Filime yatsindiye ibihembo bitanu, harimo umukinnyi mwiza, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Las Vegas. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_9MHJ51bUI Obituary: Joseph Olita on playing Idi Amin] at YouTube</ref><ref>https://www.filmoria.co.uk/movie-list/rise-and-fall-of-idi-amin-mv076151</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 0au4yxi4c68okyank3tp34duwp5kro6 0 9280 80151 79784 2021-11-12T03:49:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne G. Mungai''' (wavutse 1957) ni umuyobozi wa firime yo muri Kenya. Azwi cyane muri firime ndende, ''Saikati'' (1992)<ref>https://www.adelphi.edu/news/dr-anne-mungai-named-associate-provost-for-strategic-initiatives-and-graduate-studies-at-adelphi/</ref>. Azwiho gucukumbura inkuru z'abakobwa b'Abanyafrika bakiri bato n'ingorane bahura nazo mu gihe bagenda muri Afurika nyuma y'ubukoloni.<ref>https://www.adelphi.edu/directory/anne-mungai/</ref> == Ubuzima == Anne Mungai yahawe impamyabumenyi mu kigo cya [[Kenya]] gishinzwe itumanaho rusange akomereza aho<ref>https://www.degruyter.com/database/IABO/entry/iab19972021/html</ref><ref>https://www.waterstones.com/author/anne-m-mungai/693583</ref>. Niwe washinze-umuyobozi w'ikinamico y'abana ya Shagilia.<ref>https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Mungai.html</ref> Mu 1993, Mungai yafatanyije gushinga Abagore muri Sinema muri [[Kenya]], ifatanya n’abagore b’abanyafurika muri Filime na Video nka komite y’agateganyo y’igice cyayo cya Kenya. <ref>Beti Ellerson, [https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Mungai.html Interview with Anne Mungai], 1997.</ref> == Umwuga w'ubuyobozi == Umwuga wo kuyobora Anne Mungai watangiye mu 1980 n’igice gito cya mbere yise ''Nkomani Clinic.''<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Anne-Mungai/s?rh=n%3A266239%2Cp_27%3AAnne+Mungai</ref> Kuva icyo gihe, yayoboye filime nyinshi ngufi-ndende, ndetse na filime ye ya mbere ''Saïkati.'' Iyi filime, kimwe n’ibikorwa byinshi bya Mungai<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thenairobian/author/anne-mungai</ref>, yibanda ku miterere y’umugore uba muri Afurika mu gihe gitandukanijwe n’imigenzo gakondo y’umuco nyafurika n’izanwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba mu gihe cy'abakoloni. <ref>https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/diaspora-news/2020-02-26/kenyan-born-anne-mungai-named-associate-provost</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] 5zyie5j7tuidz30v1llsy0v60z0t2y3 0 9281 80152 79786 2021-11-12T03:54:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Shuga''''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''''MTV Shuga'''''<ref>https://www.thecompassforsbc.org/project-examples/shuga-television-series</ref>, ni urukurikirane rw'ikinamico rwa televiziyo rwatangajwe bwa mbere mu Gushyingo 2009 kuri MTV Base mu rwego rwo kwitwa "MTV staying alive Ignite!"<ref>https://www.thecompassforsbc.org/sbcc-spotlights/mtv-shuga</ref> . Ibice byayo bibiri byambere byahawe inshingano na MTV Networks Africa ifatanije na MTV Staying Alive Foundation<ref>https://www.prepwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MTV-Shuga-Fact-Sheet.pdf</ref>, PEPFAR, Ubufatanye bw’umuryango urwanya virusi itera SIDA (HFG) na Guverinoma ya [[Kenya]], mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bugamije gukwirakwiza ubutumwa ku myitwarire yimibonano mpuzabitsina no kwihangana<ref>https://www.comminit.com/healthafrica/content/shuga-television-series</ref> Iyi filime yaje gukundwa cyane kandi yerekanwa mu bihugu 40 bitandukanye bya Afurika mbere yuko isohoka ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuri televiziyo zirenga 70<ref>https://www.africancelebs.com/mtv-shuga-tv-series/</ref>. Ikinamico yatekerezaga ko ari urukurikirane ruvuguruzanya cyane nabasekuruza bakuru ba Kenya kuko rwarimo amashusho amwe yarimo ibintu byerekeranye n'igitsina<ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=34920815&lang=en</ref>. Yabonye igihembo cya Zahabu muri Gicurasi 2010 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’itangazamakuru ryabereye i Hamburg mu [[Budage]] mu cyiciro cy’ubuzima rusange kubera kwibanda ku rukundo, amarangamutima, n’imyitwarire y’imibonano mpuzabitsina mu rubyiruko rwo muri [[Kenya]]<ref>https://www.netflixtvseries.com/tv/99108/mtv-shuga</ref>. == MTV Shuga (2020) == Kubera icyorezo cya Coronavirus, Shuga yagiye mu gitaramo gito cya nijoro cyiswe MTV Shuga Alone Together kigaragaza ibibazo bya Coronavirus ku ya 20 Mata 2020<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324569914_A_THEMATIC_ANALYSIS_OF_MTV_SHUGA_DOWN_SOUTH_DRAMA_SERIES</ref>. Iki gitaramo cyagombaga gutambuka amajoro 65 kandi abayishyigikiye barimo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] <ref>https://www.togetherforgirls.org/secrets-mtv-shugas-success/</ref>. Urukurikirane rushingiye muri [[Nijeriya]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'epfo, [[Kenya]] na [[Kote Divuwari|Côte D'Ivoire]] kandi inkuru isobanurwa n'ibiganiro kumurongo hagati yabantu nyamukuru<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/nov/30/shuga-mtv-african-tv-show-safe-sex-hiv</ref>. Inyandiko yanditswe na Tunde Aladese <ref>https://allnigeriainfo.ng/shuga-a-sensational-tv-series/</ref> na Nkiru Njoku . Nibo banditsi bakuru kuri iki gitaramo kandi banayoboye ibice. Gufata amashusho, kumurika no kwisiga byakozwe nabakinnyi ubwabo<ref>https://republic.com.ng/october-november-2019/remarkable-strides-of-mtv-shuga/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] mqzyarm6q8sr7enrlle5xr5spof27gz 0 9282 80153 79788 2021-11-12T03:58:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Something Necessary''''' ni film yikinamico yo muri [[Kenya]] yasohotse 2013 iyobowe na Judy Kibinge<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/something-necessary/</ref> . Yerekanwe mu gice cya Sinema y'isi muri iki gihe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Toronto 2013<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Something_Necessary</ref> . == Umugambi == [[Kenya]] 2007: Nyuma y'ibyavuye mu matora ya perezida atavugwaho rumwe, urugomo rwadutse<ref>https://www.bookbunk.org/programmes/film-screening-somethingnecessary/</ref>. Agatsiko k'urubyiruko rudafite akazi rwatewe n'abanyapolitiki bajya mu mihanda hirya no hino<ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/xoygia1y-something-necessary</ref>. Anne akanguka mu bitaro avuye muri koma asanga ubuzima yagize mbere yihohoterwa butakibaho<ref>https://junofilms.com/req.php?req=static.php&page=something-necessary</ref>. Umugabo we yarapfuye kandi yashyinguwe mbere yuko agira amahirwe yo kumuririra<ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/SN_Presskit_ENG_FINAL_09.01.13_02.pdf</ref>. Umuhungu we Kitur ari muri koma kandi The Haven, umurima we n'inzu, byangijwe kandi byarasahuwe<ref>https://www.watershed.co.uk/audio-video/something-necessary-directors-qa</ref>. Yagiye kuba umuforomo, umugore aba umupfakazi udafite akazi n'umuhungu uri mu bitaro uharanira kubaka umurima we. Ikirenze ibyo, ni umugore wa Kikuyu utuye mu gace ka Kalenjin, mushiki we yemera ko adahari kandi ko agomba gusubira mu rugo kugira ngo abe mu bwoko bwe. Ariko kubijyanye na Anne, ari murugo kandi ntazemera ko hagira umuntu umutera ubwoba<ref>https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/resources/we-are-tano-2/event/489/</ref>. Mugihe filime yegereje, Joseph yitegereza nyina akora yibaza icyo byose bivuze<ref>https://www.kweli.tv/programs/something-necessary</ref>. Yahisemo gusibanganya amateka ye y’urugomo maze ava mu mudugudu kugira ngo atangire ubuzima bushya i [[Nairobi]] hamwe n’umukobwa w’inzozi ze. Mugihe ibi bibaho, Anne asanga kwizera kwe kugaruwe muburyo butunguranye kubwimpano itazwi bimuha ubutwari nimbaraga akeneye cyane guhaguruka, guhangana namateka ye no gukomeza<ref>https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C4064387/something-necessary</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Susan Wanjiru nka Anne * Kipng'eno Kirui Duncan nka Chepsoi * Hilda Jepkoech nka Chebet * Carolyne Chebiwott Kibet nka Jerono * Anne Kimani nka Gathoni * Walter Lagat nka Yosefu * David Kiprotich Mutai nka Lesit * Chomba Njeru nka Karogo * Benjamin Nyagaka nka Kitur == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ghsqh5b3h6ha2a880v1giegk696t69t 0 9283 80154 79790 2021-11-12T04:05:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stories of Our Lives'''''ni [[Kenya|film yo muri Kenya]], yasohotse muri 2014<ref>https://www.thisisthenest.com/sool-film</ref>. Iyi filime yakozwe n’abanyamuryango ba The Nest Collective, ihuriro [[Nairobi|ry’ubuhanzi rishingiye ku mujyi wa Nairobi]], iyi filime ni anthologiya ya firime eshanu ngufi zerekana amateka y’ubuzima bwa LGBT muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://www.thisisthenest.com/sool-book</ref> == Umugambi == Vignettes eshanu zigize film nizi zikurikira:<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/stories-lives-film-review-787641/</ref> === Ask Me Nicely === Kate (Kelly Gichohi), umunyeshuri wigometse wigaga mumashuri yisumbuye - ahura na Kwizera<ref>http://bigworldcinema.com/production/stories-of-our-lives/</ref>, umunyeshuri mugenzi we muri koridoro yishuri. Batangira umubano wibanga, kugeza umuyobozi wishuri afashe ingamba zo gutandukanya bombi bahagarika Kate mwishuri<ref>https://www.jimchuchu.com/sool</ref>. Mugihe yari kure yishuri, Kate atabishaka akora imibonano mpuzabitsina numuhungu mubaturanyi be<ref>https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-stories-of-our-lives-2014-online</ref>. Agarutse, Kate abwira Kwizera kubyerekeye guhura numuhungu. Ibi birakaza Kwizera, biganisha ku kurangiza umubano wabo<ref>https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/jac_00020_1</ref>. === Run === Nyuma yo kugirana amasezerano n’ubucuruzi n’uwigana disiki(disc duplicator), Patrick (Paul Ogola) yaguye ku kabari kabo bahuje igitsina ubwo yagendanaga ninshuti ye magara, Kama. Kama agaragaza imyumvire mibi kubyerekeye akabari uko banyuze hejuru. Nyuma Patrick yaje gusubira muri club ijoro ryose, yizeye ko ntawe uzabimenya. Kama yerekana Patrick avuye mu kabari, kandi bafite guhangana gukabije . Patrick yahunze kugira ngo ahunge urugamba<ref>https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/helen-warner/work/the-story-of-our-lives</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film676230.html</ref> === Athman === Abakozi bo mu mirima Ray na Athman babaye inshuti magara imyaka myinshi. Kubabazwa nubusabane bwa Athman nubusabane na Fiona mushya, Ray yagiranye ikiganiro kibi na Athman kubyerekeye umubano wabo. Athman yongeye gushimangira ko adashishikajwe n'imibonano mpuzabitsina na Ray. Biyunze, noneho Ray abaza Athman niba ashobora kumusoma. Umukinnyi yatunguwe nikibazo aragenda, ntibyoroshye. Bombi bongera kwiyunga bukeye, ariko Ray ahitamo kuva mu murima<ref>https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/stories-of-our-lives-2014-film-review-by-jennie-kermode</ref>.<ref>https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/29906057</ref> === Duet === Jeff (Mugambi Nthiga), umushakashatsi wasuye u [[Bwongereza]] mu nama - aha akazi umuherekeza Roman mu gihe cy'isaha imwe mu cyumba cye cya hoteri. Roman (Louis Brooke) arahagera, yumva impungenge za Jeff, agerageza kumutuza. Jeff abaza niba bashobora kuvuga bike mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byose. Bombi baricara bakaganira kubyerekeye isano iri hagati yubwoko . Roman noneho aha Jeff massage, bigatuma Jeff adahangayika.<ref>http://america.aljazeera.com/blogs/scrutineer/2014/10/11/kenya-lgbt-film-banned.html</ref> === Each Night I Dream === Liz (Rose Njenga), yerekana gahunda zidasanzwe zo guhunga we na mugenzi we Achi mugihe abadepite baho bakangisha kubahiriza amategeko arwanya abaryamana bahuje ibitsina<ref>https://www.justsecurity.org/78563/filmmaker-ex-us-envoys-words-tell-the-story-of-our-lives-in-haiti/</ref>. == Umusaruro == ''Stories of Our Lives'' Yatangiye nkumushinga winyandiko na Nest Collective. Iri tsinda ryazengurutse [[Kenya]], rifata amajwi yabajijwe n'abantu bavuga ko ari LGBTIQ. Iyandikwa ryabaye ishingiro rya firime vignettes. <ref>https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2019/06/21/the-kenyan-media-and-the-queer-stories-of-our-lives/</ref> 15,000 y’amadorali yavuye muri Uhai / EASHRI - ikigega cy’uburenganzira bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba gifite icyicaro i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]] - kikaba cyarafashwe amashusho n’itsinda mu gihe cy’amezi umunani hakoreshejwe kamera imwe ya Canon DSLR. <ref name="xtra">[https://www.dailyxtra.com/kenyan-filmmakers-come-out-ahead-of-tiff-premiere-63448 "Kenyan filmmakers ‘come out’ ahead of TIFF premiere"]. ''[[Xtra!]]'', September 5, 2014.</ref> <ref>[http://www.tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/programmes/discovery/stories-of-our-lives Stories of Our Lives]. ''TIFF.net'', November 19, 2014.</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ja8gc8ngiwsz5rxzrvnxlznpdueftr4 0 9284 80155 79793 2021-11-12T04:10:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Togetherness Supreme''''' ni [[Kenya|film yo muri Kenya]] yasohotse muri 2010<ref>https://cinereach.org/films/togetherness-supreme/</ref>. == Inyandiko == Ukurikije ibyabaye, ''Togetherness Supreme'' ni inkuru ya Kamau<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.togetherness-supreme.13424.html</ref>, umuhanzi, ushakisha impinduka hagati y’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko mucyaro<ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10402659.2011.571631</ref>. Kamau yahagurukiye kurwanya se n'umuryango we kugira ngo yinjire mu muryango uhanganye n'incuti ye Otieno<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/uk/film492401.html</ref>. Kamau na Otieno barwanira impinduka za politiki kubatuye mu bukene bukabije<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4de892747db88</ref>, ariko bafatiwe hagati y’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko asenya igihugu cyabo kandi<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Togetherness_Supreme/10915828</ref>, bahanganye kubera urukundo rwa Alice, umukobwa w’umuganga<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/138668/togetherness-supreme</ref>. Nyuma y’amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu ateganijwe (amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Kenya yo mu Kuboza 2007 )<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241735748_A_Review_of_Togetherness_Supreme</ref>, akajagari kadutse mu ihohoterwa kandi isi ya Kamau irasenyuka<ref>http://www.filmmuseum-potsdam.de/Togetherness-Supreme.html</ref>. == Ibihembo == * Ibihembo bya African Movie Academy Awards 2010: ibihembo 2<ref>https://www.posterazzi.com/togetherness-supreme-movie-poster-print-27-x-40-item-movib68401/</ref> * Filime nziza mpuzamahanga nziza - Santa Barbara Festival mpuzamahanga ya 2011 * Igihembo cyisi yose - Cinequest Film Festival 2011<ref>https://www.pri.org/stories/2010-08-04/kenya-film-togetherness-supreme</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] o3h3dta0i7ddj2u3935ya50v7k2hays 0 9285 80156 79795 2021-11-12T04:15:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''To Walk with Lions''''' ni film yo mu 1999 iyobowe na Carl Schultz ikinwamo na Richard Harris nka George Adamson na John Michie nka Tony Fitzjohn <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/to_walk_with_lions</ref>. Bikurikiranye imyaka yakurikiyeho Ntare wunganira Adamson<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/to-walk-with-lions/cast/2030060527/</ref>. Nyuma yo gushyingiranwa na Joy Adamson wa ''Born Free'' fame, Adamson yamaze igice cya nyuma cyubuzima bwe arinda intare n’ibindi binyabuzima muri Kora National Reserve, [[Kenya]] <ref>https://secondsightfilms.co.uk/products/to-walk-with-lions-dvd</ref>. Ahura na ba rushimusi na ruswa ya leta imubuza gushaka kubungabunga inyamaswa<ref>https://www.primevideo.com/detail/To-Walk-With-Lions/0K65C4TU3C4P9BOZW496707A4E</ref>. == Umugambi == Tony Fitzjohn (John Michie) aje gukora kuri Kora, kubungabunga intare, kubavandimwe babiri bageze mu zabukuru, George na Terence Adamson ( Ian Bannen )<ref>https://wildlifenow.com/to-walk-with-lions-trailer/</ref>. Ku munsi we wa mbere, Fitzjohn yirengagije inama za George zo kutiruka kandi hafi yarakubiswe<ref>https://www.timeout.com/movies/to-walk-with-lions</ref>. Kumenyeshwa ubu nuburyo umuntu wa nyuma wujuje umwanya we yapfuye<ref>https://mubi.com/films/to-walk-with-lions</ref>, Fitzjohn yanditse ahantu hose nk'umusazi ahitamo kugenda<ref>https://www.bestbuy.com/site/to-walk-with-lions-dvd-1999/19303174.p?skuId=19303174</ref>. Nyuma yumunota wanyuma uhinduye umutima, hamwe n'icyana cy'intare cyamuzanye muri pariki kugirango amutoze kandi yongere yinjire mwishyamba, avumbura umuhamagaro wukuri mubuzima bwe<ref>https://bestsimilar.com/movies/24195-to-walk-with-lions</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Richard Harris nka George Adamson * Ian Bannen nka murumuna wa George Terrence Adamson * John Michie nka Tony Fitzjohn * Wubahe Blackman nka Byishimo Adamson * Kerry Fox nka Lucy Jackson * Hugh Quarshie nka Hugh * Geraldine Chaplin nka Victoria Anrecelli == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 8svb8h2qcydq2dbmsf3xjb23e2toe66 0 9286 80157 79797 2021-11-12T04:19:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Veve''''' ni film y'ikinamico yo muri [[Kenya]] 2014 iyobowe na Simon Mukali. VEVE ni co-production of One Fine Day Films na Ginger Ink.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141022014347/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/?articleID=2000133975&story_title=Kenya-veve-depicts-kenya-s-political-fast-lane "‘Veve’ depicts Kenya’s political fast lane", ''Standard Digital News'']</ref>. == Umugambi == Amos, umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko w’ibanze<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/thestandard/2000140630/movie-reviewveve</ref>, arashaka kuba guverineri wa Maua mu matora ari imbere mu gihe yagura inyungu z’ubucuruzi.<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.veve.17196.html</ref> Ni umutanga wingenzi kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Wadu, umucuruzi uzi ubwenge, utegeka umugabane munini wubucuruzi<ref>https://prod3.agileticketing.net/websales/pages/info.aspx?evtinfo=121808~163a5c15-c3ae-4635-ba12-bbe995cbeb29</ref>. Nyuma y'ikiganiro numucungamari we winyuma, Amos abona umwanya wo kuzamura umubano we w'akazi na Wadu no kubona imigabane minini mubucuruzi<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=231989.html</ref>. Yasangiye umugambi we n’umugabo we w’iburyo witwa Sammy<ref>https://www.kenyans247.com/7702/veve-film-.html</ref>, wagize uruhare runini mu kubaka imbaraga za Amosi, amukorera imirimo yanduye<ref>https://rateyourmusic.com/film/veve/</ref>. Ariko Sammy yifuza imirimo nk'iyi iragabanuka. Aracyafite agahinda k'urupfu rw'umugore we nubwo hashize imyaka mike, Sammy arwana urugamba rwo guhuza umubyeyi n'umuhungu we wigometse, uhumeka kole.<ref>https://www.potentash.com/2014/08/27/veve-movie-premiere-nakumatt-junction/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Veve_(film)</ref> == * Emo Rugene nka Kenzo * Lizz Njagah nka Esiteri * Conrad Makeni nka Sammy * Hasi Odhiambo nka Amosi * Adam Peevers nka Clint * Victor Munyua nka Morris * David Wambugu nka Kago * Joseph Peter Mwambia nka Mzee * Delvin Mudigi nka Julius * Albert Nyakundi nk'umupolisi ruswa * Philip Mwangi nka Bernard * Fidelis Nyambura nka Betty * Mary Gacheri nkumugore wa Mzee * Salim Paul nka Wadu Junior == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] drt3nldeknymdnjr3v0as3157nzyadk 0 9287 80158 79800 2021-11-12T04:25:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Voortrekkers''''' ni film idafite amajwi yasohotse 1916 yamenyakanye nka filime ya mbere muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268360352_A_tale_of_two_nations_South_Africa_De_Voortrekkers_and_Come_See_the_Bioscope</ref> Yakozwe na African Film Productions kandi iyobowe na Harold M<ref>https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/resources/africas-lost-classics/exhibition/event/315/</ref>. Shaw, yerekana " Great Trek " ya Boers yo mu myaka ya za 1830, isozwa n’imyidagaduro ya hegemonike y’Intambara y’amaraso yabaye ku ya 16 Ukuboza 1838, igihe Abanyafurika bitwaje intwaro<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/m0j46rnm?hl=nl</ref> . yatsinze ibihumbi byinshi Zulus . ''Abakomoka kuri voortrekkers'' bavuga ururimi rw’Ubuholandi cyangwa "abapayiniya" bitabiriye Great Trek bubahaga filime kandi barayikoresha mu kwibuka ibirori<ref>https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/colonizing-nation-de-voortrekkers-1916-jacqueline-maingard/10.4324/9780203354513-6</ref>, bikaba bigize igice cy’amakimbirane menshi mu mateka ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>http://africultures.com/films/?no=12272</ref>. Abanyafurika babigaragaje mu byumba by’ishuri imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo kandi barabigaragaza buri mwaka mu birori mbonezamubano bizihiza isabukuru y'intambara<ref>https://context.reverso.net/translation/dutch-english/De+voortrekkers+zijn</ref>.<ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/'De-Voortrekkers'-(1916)%3A-Some-Stereotypes-and-Zyl/319d3dfcec2aeb12264c0d1afd18985670ed9c6a</ref> ''De Voortrekkers'' yerekanwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo ahitwa Krugersdorp ku ya 14 Ukuboza 1916, hasigaye iminsi ibiri ngo isabukuru y'imyaka 78 imaze ibaye<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=182343.html</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukwirakwizwa mu magambo ahinnye muri sinema zo mu [[Bwongereza]], [[Amerika]], [[Kanada]], n'ahandi hanze ya Afurika ku izina rya ''Winning a Continent''<ref>https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/About/Leading-change/Articles/Reimaging-identity-through-film-music-in-De-Voortrekkers</ref> . Intertitles zikoreshwa muri firime y'umwimerere no mubisohoka nyuma ikoresha imiterere ya ecran yerekana inyandiko mucyongereza no muri [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]] . <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8M5vkqvfug "De Voortrekkers (1916) with new orchestral score"], 19:52 segment of film with added music, uploaded by Chris Jeffrey on 23 February 2017 onto [[YouTube]] (San Bruno, California, United States). Retrieved 12 August 2021.</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] epsosrt5a31zy0ryazvmecyugdo4ro8 0 9288 80159 79802 2021-11-12T04:35:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki " '''Sarie Marais''' " (bizwi kandi nka "My Sarie Marais", [[Ikinyafurikansi|n'indirimbo gakondo y'Afurika y'Epfo]]<ref>https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/sarie-marais</ref>, yakozwe bishoboka mu gihe cy'Intambara ya mbere y'Abongereza (nko mu 1880) Intambara ya Kabiri ya Anglo-Boer (nko mu 1900)<ref>https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&p=2459</ref>. Iyi ndirimbo ishobora kuba yarakuwe mu ndirimbo yaturutse mu ntambara y'Abanyamerika yitwa "Carry me back to Tennessee" cyangwa " Sweet Ellie Rhee " hamwe n'amagambo yahinduwe muri [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]]<ref>https://www.liquisearch.com/sarie_marais/sarie_marais_1931_-_the_first_south_african_film_with_sound</ref> . Mu busobanuro bw'ikinyarwanda, indirimbo itangira igira iti: "Sarie Marais wanjye ari kure cyane y'umutima wanjye ariko nizeye ko tuzongera kumubona<ref>https://mubi.com/films/sarie-marais</ref>. Yatuye hafi y'uruzi rwa Mooi mbere yuko iyi ntambara itangira ... "; kandi korari ni:" Yoo, nsubiza muri Transvaal ishaje<ref>https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9780203354513-7/fictions-nation-symbol-sacrifice-1918-sarie-marais-1931-moedertjie-1931-jacqueline-maingard</ref>, aho Sarie wanjye atuye, hepfo hariya mu mirima y'ibigori hafi y'igiti cy'amahwa kibisi, ngaho abaho Sarie Marais. " "hejuru y'inyanja" (mu by'ukuri, mu 28.000 Boer abagabo batwawe nkimbohe 25 000 bajyanwa mu bwongereza<ref>https://thesamsonsedhistorian.wordpress.com/2019/12/30/my-sarie-marais/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335461461_South_African_Cinema_1</ref> === ''Sarie Marais'' (1931): film ya mbere yo muri Afrika yepfo ifite amajwi === ''Sarie Marais'' kandi yari umutwe w'ishusho ya filime ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|mbere yo muri Afurika y'Epfo]] ivuga<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/sarie-marais-v138696/related</ref>, iyobowe na Joseph Albrecht ( [[:af:Joseph Albrecht|af]] ) kandi yakozwe mu 1931. Ifoto yafatiwe i Johannesburg<ref>https://www.ru.ac.za/perspective/2013archive/theboersattheendoftheworld.html</ref>, ''Sarie Marais abasha'' gupakira byinshi mugihe cyiminota 10 yo kwiruka. Iyi firime yashyizwe mu nkambi ya POW yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] , yibanda ku itsinda ry’imfungwa za Boer uko zigenda zireba ijisho ry’abafashwe [[Ubwongereza|n’abongereza]]<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/sarie-marais/FyE,ezpldWo</ref> . umunsi umwe imfungwa itera ijwi ryw hejuru aririmba agira ati "My Sarie Marais". Ishyaka rye rifata izindi mfungwa, bikabaha ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza. <ref>[http://movies2.nytimes.com/gst/movies/movie.html?v_id=138696 http://movies2.nytimes.com]</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] i80ycr8ne5ta9sze0ym8ozquf6elbow 0 9289 80160 79804 2021-11-12T04:41:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''African Jim''''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''''Jim Aza i Jo'burg''''', ni filime yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Epfo yasohotse muri 1949<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/jim-comes-to-joburg/</ref>, iyobowe na Donald Swanson kandi yakozwe na Eric Rutherford. Irimo Daniel Adnewmah, Dolly Rathebe, Inkspots nyafurika, Sam Maile, na Dan Twala. <ref>[http://www.villonfilms.ca/african-jim/ Peter Davis, "African Jim", 12 November 2012]. Villon Films.</ref> Birazwi cyane nka republika ya Afrika yepfo film ya mbere yuburebure bwa [[Afurika|Afrika]]<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/african-jim-jim-comes-to-joburg/oclc/66619727</ref>. == Tegura ibisobanuro == Jim yavuye mu gace k'imiryango gushaka umutungo we i Johannesburg<ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/film/african-jim/</ref>. Akimara kuhagera, abambari batatu baramukubita. Iyo agaruye ubwenge, umuzamu w'ijoro wa gicuti amwitaho<ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13696810903488595</ref>. Abifashijwemo n'umuzamu, Jim abona akazi muri club ya nijoro nk'umukozi<ref>https://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2010/02/27/south-african-musical-film-%E2%80%94-african-jim-1949-zonk-1950</ref>. Yahawe amahirwe yo kuririmbira kuri stage hamwe numurimbyikazi wikipe, Dolly<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/239480-african-jim</ref>. Mbere yuko atangira bwa mbere, amenya abambari bamusahuye kandi yumva ko bategura ubujura<ref>http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/1139</ref>. Jim agomba guhitamo uburyo bwo guhagarika icyaha kandi akiri mugihe cyo gukora<ref>https://www.cinemagia.ro/filme/african-jim-50406/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Daniel Adnewmah * Dan Twala * Dolly Rathebe == referenes == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 81veyubp0f67tcmd0n7bxri4z7rc4av 0 9290 80161 79808 2021-11-12T04:47:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Daar doer in die bosveld''''' (Icyongereza: ''Far Away in Bushveld'' ) niyo film yambere yakozwe [[Afurika y’Epfo|numuyobozi wumunya Afrika yepfo]] Jamie Uys<ref>https://mubi.com/films/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld</ref> . Yasohotse bwa mbere mu 1951. <ref>https://mubi.com/films/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld/cast</ref> Filime iri mu [[Ikinyafurikansi|rurimi rwa Afrikaans]], ururimi rwihariye rwa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://muzikum.eu/en/jim-reeves/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld-lyrics</ref>. == Umugambi == Iyi filime ni urwenya ku muhinzi ufite isoni witwa Hans Botha usabwa gufata umwarimu ukiri muto witwa Martie du Toit<ref>https://www.fiff.ch/en/daar-doer-die-bosveld</ref>. Hans ageze aho bisi ihagarara gufata Martie arumirwa rwose kubera ubwiza bwe kandi abasha kuvuga gusa interuro<ref>http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/51/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld</ref>, "It looks like rain.." na It was an accident<ref>https://worldfilmgeek.com/2021/08/12/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld-south-africa-1951/</ref>." Bombi bahura ningorane nyinshi munzira; ahanini bitewe n'imodoka ya kera ya Hans<ref>https://www.songteksten.nl/songteksten/1523431/charles-jacobie/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld.htm</ref>. Igihe bombi bageze aho Martie yerekeza, Martie atose kandi yemeza ko Hans ari igicucu<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld/HBE,RB9zQmc</ref>. Hans, ariko, akunda byimazeyo Martie<ref>https://mx.napster.com/artist/jim-reeves/album/jim-reeves-country-music-vol-2/track/daar-doer-in-die-bosveld?l=en</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://secondhandsongs.com/performance/1040067</ref> == {| class="wikitable" |Nka Hans Botha | Jamie Uys |- | Nka Martie du Toit | Hettie Uys |- | Nka Koos | Jurg du Preez |- | Nka Gert Petoors | Buks Joubert |- | Nka Ou Thomas | Thomas Moema |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 0qupdg1819qfzatnfthe2w35parp545 0 9291 80162 79810 2021-11-12T04:53:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kimberley Jim'''''<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kimberley_jim</ref> ni filime yo gusetsa y'umuziki yo muri [[Afrika]] y'epfo yasohotse 1963 yayobowe na Emil Nofal ikinwamo Jim Reeves<ref>https://www.thevideobeat.com/mod-movies/kimberley-jim-1963.html</ref>, Madeleine Usher na Clive Parnell . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090522045238/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/65287 BFI.org]</ref> Umugambi wayo ukurikira umuririmbyi [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]] witabira kwihuta kwa diyama ya Kimberley muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo mu mpera zikinyejana cya 19<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/558590/Kimberley-Jim/</ref>. By'umwihariko, "Jim Reeves na Clive Parnell bakina abantu bakundwa na con-men binjiza amafaranga yo kugurisha imiti y’ipatanti no gushuka kuri poker ... babiri bashora amafaranga yabo mu guteza imbere ikirombe cya diyama ariko bagomba kurenza umucuruzi waho ugoramye", nk'ukoincamake ibivuga. <ref>[https://vimeo.com/ondemand/kimberleyjim KIMBERLEY JIM Trailer]</ref> Reeves, umuririmbyi wo mu gihugu, yakunzwe cyane mu myaka ya za 1960. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Billboard kibitangaza ngo " Reeves yamuritse mu mahanga mu [[Bwongereza]], [[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubudage]], ndetse no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo". <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6205510/a-tribute-to-country-crooner-jim-reeves-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-his-death A Tribute to Country Crooner Jim Reeves on the 50th Anniversary of His Death]</ref> Muri film, umuhanzi aririmba igice cy'indirimbo imwe muri Afrikaans. <ref>[http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/65/kimberley-jim Kimberley Jim]</ref> Amajwi y'indirimbo 14 yarimo indirimbo "Kimberley Jim," "Strike It Rich," "Nakuze," "Ubuzima bwanjye ni Gypsy," "Navutse Kugira Amahirwe," "Rag Fashioned Rag," "Diamonds The Umusenyi, "" Inshuti Y'umunyamahanga Gusa, "" Gwa kandi Ukurikire, "" Umukinnyi ukina urusimbi "na" Dolly hamwe n'amavi yataye. " <ref>[https://www.thevideobeat.com/mod-movies/kimberley-jim-1963.html KIMBERLEY JIM 1963]</ref> <ref>[https://www.discogs.com/Jim-Reeves-Music-From-The-Movie-Kimberley-Jim/release/12752989 Jim Reeves – Music From The Movie "Kimberley Jim"]</ref> Inyuma nyinshi zafatiwe amashusho mu gace ko mu mujyi muto [[Ubwongereza|w’Ubwongereza]] mu gihe imbere yafatiwe kuri sitidiyo ya Jamie Uys mu majyaruguru y’umugi wa Johannesburg . Nyuma Reeves yavuze ko yishimiye uburambe bwo gukora firime kandi ko azatekereza gukoresha byinshi mu mwuga we . Iyi filime yasohotse mu 1965 nyuma y'urupfu rwa Reeves azize impanuka y'indege. <ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=AUAnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258&lpg=PA258&dq=film+kimberley+jim+set+in+diamond+rush&source=bl&ots=-_7uTazIqg&sig=ACfU3U25rz96NANOpR-RJzd6y1tkvcihCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk37L9_4HqAhU8knIEHZ2hB2AQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=film%20kimberley%20jim%20set%20in%20diamond%20rush&f=false Changing Times: Music and Politics in 1964 page 258]</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Jim Reeves - Jim Madison * Madeleine Usher - Julie Patterson * Clive Parnell - Gerry Bates * Arthur Swemmer - Bert Patterson * Vonk de Ridder - Danny Pretorius * Tromp Terréblanche - Ben Vorster * Mike Holt - Punchy * Dawid van der Walt - Jan le Roux * Ruth Neethling - Elize * George Moore - Fred Parker * Freddie Prozesky - Neels le Roux * Don Leonard - Rube * Morris Blake - Max Bloom == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] pydw9874fkeioaigbff9jxgnbdap08b 0 9292 80163 79812 2021-11-12T04:58:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Death Drums Along the River''''' (yitwa '''''Sanders''''' muri [[Amerika]]) ni filimi yasohotse muri 1963 mu [[Bwongereza]] [[Ubudage|n’Ubudage]] bakoranye n’amahanga<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/death-drums-along-the-river/cast/2030010397/</ref>, bakoresheje abantu bavugwa mu gitabo cya Edgar Wallace cyo mu 1911 cyitwa ''Sanders of the River'' na filime ya Zoltán Korda yo mu 1935 ishingiye ku gitabo<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/death-drums-along-the-river</ref>, ariko yashyizwe mu nkuru itandukanye rwose. Ifata amashusho aherereye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]], igaragaramo Richard Todd na Marianne Koch bayoboye itsinda ryabakinnyi b’abongereza, Abadage na Afurika yepfo<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/76144-death-drums-along-the-river</ref>. Iyi filime niyo filime yambere yerekanwe na producer w’abongereza Harry Alan Towers<ref>https://www.platekompaniet.no/dvd/death-drums-along-the-river/</ref> . == Abakinnyi bakomeye == * Richard Todd nka Komiseri Harry Sanders * Marianne Koch nka Dr Inge Jung * Albert Lieven nka Dr Weiss * Walter Rilla nka Dr Schneider * Jeremy Lloyd nka Hamilton * Robert Arden nkumuhigi * Vivi Bach nka Marlene * Bill Brewer nka Pearson * Simon Sabela nka Bosambo == Uko yakozwe == Harry Alan Towers yakoze firime nyinshi muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] yepfo ku nkunga ya Film ya Constantin mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba hamwe n’abakinnyi baturutse muri kiriya gihugu. <ref>https://www.themoviescene.co.uk/reviews/death-drums-along-the-river/death-drums-along-the-river.html</ref> Iyi filime yagurishijwe mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba nka imwe mu mafilime yakunzwe cyane ya Edgar Wallace, ariko ntaho ahuriye cyane n’igitabo cya Wallace cyitwa ''Sanders of the River'', cyangwa filime zabanjirije iyi zishingiye kuri icyo gitabo, usibye izina Sanders n'ubwato<ref>https://ievenn.com/death-drums-along-the-river-1963-english/2412277/</ref>. ''Zaire'', nubwo hano ari ubwato buto bwa moteri aho kuba parike. Intambara hagati y’ibikorwa bya Wallace yasimbuwe n’inkuru isanzwe y’iperereza irimo ubwicanyi na magendu ya diyama<ref>http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2020/11/22/montage/%E2%80%98death-drums-along-river%E2%80%99</ref>. Abakoloni b'impimbano ntibahawe izina, ariko mu rwego rw'ibihe Dr Jung abaza Sanders icyo azakora igihe azahabwa ubwigenge<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-richard-todd-death-drums-along-the-river-sanders-of-the-river-1963-30956757.html</ref> == references. == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] sro2apwzleo7g4vh0hex8pluxccswj5 0 9293 80164 79814 2021-11-12T05:03:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 added wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Coast of Skeletons''''' ni filime yo kwidagadura yo mu [[Bwongereza]] na [[Afurika]] yo mu 1965, iyobowe na Robert Lynn ikinwamo na Richard Todd na Dale Robertson<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/coast_of_skeletons</ref> . Ni urukurikirane rwa filime yo mu 1963 ''y’urupfu ku Ruzi'', kandi kimwe n’iyo filime<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/71138/enwp</ref><ref>http://www1.screenarchives.com/title_detail.cfm/ID/23103/COAST-OF-SKELETONS-1965/</ref>, ikoresha abantu bavugwa mu gitabo cya Edgar Wallace cyo mu 1911 cyitwa ''Sanders of the River'' na Zoltán Korda yo muri 1935 ishingiye kuri roman, ariko igashyirwa mu inkuru itandukanye rwose<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a7bc620</ref>. ''Coast of Skeletons'' yarekuwe mubudage nka ''Sanders und das Schiff des Todes'' / ''Sanders hamwe nubwato bwurupfu'' <ref>https://www.parkcircus.com/film/109271-Coast-of-Skeletons</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/films/coast-of-skeletons</ref>. Nyuma y'ubwigenge, ubukoloni bw’Abongereza butavuzwe izina aho Komiseri Harry Sanders amaze imyaka myinshi akorera yirukanywe n'abapolisi [[Ubwongereza|b’Ubwongereza]]. Sanders rero asubira i Londres<ref>https://www.elvisdvdcollector.com/products/edgar-wallace-sanders-und-das-schiff-des-todes-1965-dvd</ref>, aho yahise abona akazi mu isosiyete y'ubwishingizi, ishaka ko yakurikirana umushinga wo gucukura diyama mu mazi magari yo muri Afurika y'Epfo <ref>https://www.base.com/buy/product/edgar-wallace-presents-coast-of-skeletons-1965/dgc-7953963.htm</ref>. == Abakinnyi bakomeye == * Richard Todd nka Komiseri Harry Sanders * Dale Robertson nka AJ Magnus * Heinz Drache nka Janny von Koltze * Marianne Koch nka Helga * Elga Andersen nka Elisabeth von Koltze * Derek Nimmo nka Tom Hamilton * Gabriel Bayman nkumuririmbyi wa Charlie * George Leech nka Carlo Seton * Gordon Mulholland nka Bwana Spyker * Josh du Toit nka Hajo Petersen * Dietmar Schönherr nka Piet van Houten == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 3a43c88vq1m7jizk3k63x46k87s7h6e 0 9294 80165 79816 2021-11-12T06:50:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sandy the Seal''''' ni film yumuryango [[Ubwongereza|w'ubwongereza]] mu 1965 iyobowe na Robert Lynn ikinwamo na Heinz Drache<ref>https://www.parkcircus.com/film/103670-Sandy-The-Seal</ref>, Marianne Koch na Gert Van den Bergh . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090208010537/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/337927 BFI.org]</ref> Iyi filime yakozwe kandi afatanije na Harry Alan Towers, yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo muri Technicolor na Techniscope II hamwe n’uruhererekane rwakorewe ku kirwa cya Seal<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-igqcjt/sandy-the-seal/</ref>, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo . Iyi filime yasohotse mu [[Bwongereza]] na Tigon British Film Productions mu 1969<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7662769c</ref>. == Umugambi == Umuzamu w'amatara asanga kashe yakomeretse yasizwe na ba rushimusi.<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/55363-sandy-the-seal</ref> Azana kashe k'umugore we n'abana babiri biga inshingano bareba kashe bise Sandy<ref>https://www.famousfix.com/topic/sandy-the-seal</ref>. Sandy aherekeza abana mubyababayeho no mubikorwa byabo maze avumbura ubwato bwaba rushimusi ba kashe bateganya gusubira ku kirwa cy'umucyo kubutaka bw'agaciro<ref>https://www.csfd.cz/film/132608-sandy-the-seal/recenze/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>Sandy the Seal (1965) - IMDb <nowiki>https://www.imdb.com</nowiki> › title</ref> == * Heinz Drache - Jan Van Heerden * Marianne Koch - Karen Van Heerden * David Richards - David * Anne Mervis - Anne * Gert Van den Bergh - Jacobson * Bill Brewer - Lowenstein * Gabriel Bayman - Hejuru * Brian O'Shaughnessy - MacKenzie == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] nz4hvknazhg7z26q7uqb833758jbyco 0 9295 80166 79818 2021-11-12T06:56:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Naked Prey'''''<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-naked-prey-1967</ref> ni filime yo muri [[Amerika]] yo mu 1965 yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Cornel Wilde<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Naked-Prey</ref>, nawe ukina mu mwanya wa mbere. Bashyizwe muri veldt yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo, imigambi ya firime yibanda kumuyobozi wa safari ugerageza kubaho mubuzima bubi bwa veldt<ref>http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/4727/the-naked-prey/</ref>, mugihe agerageza kwirinda urupfu rwatewe nabarwanyi ba [[Afurika|Afrika]] bihorera<ref>http://www.tcm.com/video/1378316/naked-prey-the-1966-original-trailer/</ref>. Iyinkuru ishingiye kuburambe bw'umushakashatsi [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]] John Colter<ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/848-the-naked-prey</ref> . Amashusho yamamaye yinjije abanditsi Clint Johnson na Don Peters mu gihembo cya Akademiki cyiza cyumwimerere <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/15/archives/screen-the-naked-preycornel-wilde-is-chased-through-the-jungles.html</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya San Sebastián 1965, nyuma isohoka muri [[Amerika]] ku ya 23 Werurwe 1966<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-naked-prey/review/2000114583/</ref>. Iyi filime yakozwe ku ngengo yimari itarenga 700.000 $, iyi firime yafatiwe ahantu hose muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://eurekavideo.co.uk/movie/the-naked-prey/</ref>. == uko yakozwe == ''The Naked Prey yafatiwe'' amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo. Amashusho ya firime yari afite impapuro icyenda gusa. Amazina yatangije iyi filime yaherekejwe n’ibishushanyo byerekanwe n’umuhanzi waho Andrew Motjuoadi<ref>https://filmclassics.com.au/product/the-naked-prey-cornel-wilde-new-dvd/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6lmgym3dwhfpalgn7luc6zpqo22ydpm 0 9296 80167 79820 2021-11-12T07:02:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x22m3o5 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Cape Town Affair''' ni'' filime y'ubutasi yakozwe na 20 Century Fox kuri Studiyo ya Killarney muri Afrika yepfo iyoborwa na Robert D. Webb muri 1967<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6a716447</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Claire Trevor, James Brolin, na Jacqueline Bisset<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/The_cape_town_affair/460067</ref>. Nibisubirwamo by'amafoto 1953 ''[[:en:Pickup_on_South_Street|Pickup on South Street]]''.<ref>https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc47.2005/capetown/2.html</ref>Nibwo bwa mbere Brolin yakinnye We na Bisset bombi bagiranye amasezerano na Fox<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/The_Cape_Town_Affair/460067/details</ref><ref>https://www.loot.co.za/product/james-brolin-the-cape-town-affair/mjfg-1619-g390</ref>. Nyuma yaje kuvuga ati "Sinigeze nkunda cyane ariko twe [we na Bisset] ntabwo twari babi.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film922453.html</ref>" == Umugambi == Abakozi bo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] y'epfo bagerageza kubika microfilm y'ibanga mbere y'uko Abakomunisiti babifata<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=109224.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x22m3o5</ref> == * Claire Trevor nka Sam Williams * James Brolin nka Skip McCoy * Jacqueline Bisset nka Candy * Bob Courtney nka Capt. Herrick, Ishami ry'umutekano * John Whiteley nka Joey * Gordon Mulholland nkumuyobozi wa Warrant Du Plessis * Siegfried Mynhardt nka Fenton * James Gordon White nka Sgt. Beukes * Gabriel Bayman nka Mohammed Uruzitiro * Raymond Matuson nkumucyo Louis / Espinosa * Patrick Mynhardt nka Myburgh == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 2h8wqh8awrpj2weex7xiox1ohwqlg7k 0 9297 80168 79822 2021-11-12T07:15:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lost in the Desert'''''<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lost-in-the-desert</ref> ku '''''ikubitiro''''' yasohotse nka Dirkie, ni filime yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo yo mu 1969 yanditswe<ref>https://birthmoviesdeath.com/2016/01/13/everybodys-into-weirdness-lost-in-the-desert-1969</ref>, yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Jamie Uys ku izina rya Jamie Hayes<ref>https://makeminecriterion.wordpress.com/2020/04/26/dirkie-lost-in-the-desert-jamie-uys-1970/</ref>. Yafashwe amashusho muri Techniscope na Technicolor<ref>https://www.fragrantica.com/perfume/BAU/Lost-In-The-Desert-50264.html</ref> . Uys ubwe akina nka Anton De Vries, umucuranzi wa piyano w'igitaramo cy'umuhungu we Dirkie wimyaka 8 <ref>http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/71/dirkie-aka-lost-in-the-desert-</ref>. Dirkie akinishwa n'umuhungu wa Uys Wynand Uys, uzwi nka Dirkie Hayes<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-wj7awz/lost-in-the-desert/</ref>. Umugambi wahujwe nyuma yimyaka ibiri na "Walkabout" yatsinze cyane<ref>https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-films-set-desert</ref> <ref>https://bestsimilar.com/movies/51271-dirkie-lost-in-the-desert</ref>. == Telugu remake == Isubiramo ryamamaye cyane ryakozwe mu rurimi rwa Telugu<ref>https://www.ebay.com/p/1862420984</ref>, ururimi rwo mu majyepfo [[Ubuhinde|y’Ubuhinde]], mu 1972, ku izina rya ''Papam Pasivadu'' hamwe n’impinduka nkeya zahinduwe mu nkuru kugira ngo zihuze n'abari aho<ref>https://gaana.com/song/lost-in-the-desert-2</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 8bulh3sc2rdj4vvlva2dnpt97hrt6us 0 9298 80169 79824 2021-11-12T07:20:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Shangani Patrol''''' ni filime y'intambara ishingiye ku gitabo kitari ibihimbano ''A Time to Die'' cyanditswe na Robert Cary (1968)<ref>https://mubi.com/films/shangani-patrol</ref>, hamwe n’amateka ya Shangani Patrol, hamwe na Brian O'Shaughnessy nka Major Allan Wilson na Will Hutchins nk'umuskuti Frederick. Russell Burnham . <ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/389375-shangani-patrol</ref> Harimo n'indirimbo "Shangani Patrol" ya Nick Taylor (recording 1966).<ref>https://www.badmovies.org/forum/index.php?topic=118984.0</ref> Ku buyobozi bwa Major Wilson, irondo rikurikirana umwami Ndebele Lobengula wahunze hakurya y'uruzi rwa Shangani<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Shangani-Patrol-Simon-Fonthill/dp/0755345622</ref>. Bagabanijwe ku mbaraga nyamukuru, batewe igico na Ndebele impi kandi<ref>https://gwonline.unc.edu/node/6495</ref>, usibye abagabo bake boherejwe nk'imbaraga, bose baricwa<ref>https://hr2.wiki/wiki/Shangani_Patrol_(film)</ref>. Ubwo ni bwo butwari bw'irondo rya Shangani ku buryo Ndebele watsinze yagize ati: "Bari abagabo ariko na ba se bari abagabo mbere yabo<ref>https://rateyourmusic.com/film/shangani_patrol/</ref>." Ukurikije uko umuntu abibona, ibyabaye byari rimwe mu makosa akomeye no kwibeshya kwa gisirikare muri iki gihe cy'amateka, cyangwa igihagararo cyanyuma cyintwari cya bake<ref>https://www.lovingtheclassics.com/pdmovies/shangani-patrol-1970-dvd-r.html</ref>. Ibyabaye byari bifite akamaro gakomeye mubwongereza, Afrika yepfo, na Rodeziya bihwanye na ' Custer's Last stand '. Ngiyo inkuru yabo, yavuzwe muri firime ya 1970 yafatiwe ahitwa Matabeleland, Rhodesia (ubu ni muri [[Zimbabwe]]).<ref>https://bayourenaissanceman.blogspot.com/2020/03/shangani-patrol-movie.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] 4zmhyyqnns5o8xfv0g1tn2fwreqvz0h 0 9299 80170 79826 2021-11-12T07:26:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Animals Are Beautiful People''''' <ref>https://moviesanywhere.com/movie/animals-are-beautiful-people</ref> (nanone yitwa '''''Beautiful People''''') ni documentaire y’ibidukikije yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo yo mu 1974 yanditswe<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/animals_are_beautiful_people</ref>, yakozwe, iyoborwa, ifatwa amashusho kandi ihindurwa na Jamie Uys<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/02/movies/the-screen-animals-are-beautiful-people.html</ref>, ivuga ku nyamaswa zo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]], zerekanwe nibintu bisetsa<ref>http://decentfilms.com/reviews/animalsarebeautifulpeople</ref>. Yafatiwe amashusho mu butayu bwa Namib, ubutayu bwa Kalahari n'umugezi wa Okavango na Delta ya Okavango<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Animals-Are-Beautiful-People-1974-directed-by-Jamie-Uys_fig5_254941459</ref> .. yahawe igihembo cya Golden Globe 1974 muri Filime Nziza<ref>https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/animals-are-beautiful-people/8d6kgwzl5jbs</ref> .Iyi filime, intsinzi ikomeye mu bucuruzi, yakozwe mu bwigenge na Uys, izwi kandi nyuma yo gusetsa muri ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy]]'' (1980).<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/animals-are-beautiful-people/oclc/52297633</ref> == Umuziki wa kera == Filime ikoresha umuziki wa kera na cyane ibice bizwi kugirango bishyigikire<ref>https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/animals-are-beautiful-people</ref> "[[:en:Hungarian_Dances_(Brahms)|Brahms Hungarian Dance No. 5]]" with acrobatic [[:en:Baboon|baboons]] ** [[:en:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky's]] "Waltz of the Flowers", showing the miracle of the [[:en:Flower|blooming]] [[:en:Desert|desert]] ** [[:en:Carl_Maria_von_Weber|Weber's]] "Invitation to the Dance" orchestrated by Berlioz, featuring the animals' celebration of Paradise's return ** [[:en:Bedřich_Smetana|Smetana]]'s "Die Moldau", throughout the movie, especially during the river scenes ** [[:en:Franz_Liszt|Franz Liszt]]'s "Les préludes, symphonic poem No.3", near the end of the film, during the cloud formation scene ** [[:en:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky's]] "Dance of the Reed Flutes" == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] a7bfvzhdgoinvr5qs8tmzpfgevm3a6r 0 9300 80171 79828 2021-11-12T07:30:58Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Boesman na Lena''''' ni ikinamico ngufi yakorewe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ikozwe na Athol Fugard<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/441576</ref>, Swartkops mudflats hamwe na Port Elizabeth mur Cape town y'iburasirazuba, <ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/boesman-lena "Boesman & Lena"], Encyclopedia.com.</ref> yerekana ingaruka ya apartheid ku bantu bakeya, hagaragaramo "umugabo n'umugore bagenda bava mu mujyi umwe bajya mu wundi<ref>https://www.supersummary.com/boesman-and-lena/summary/</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Mubisanzwe hamwe nibindi bikorwa byinshi bya Fugard, ikinamico yibanda ku bantu batari abazungu kandi ikubiyemo ibintu byo kwigaragambya<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/theater/boesman-and-lena-review.html</ref>. ''Boesman na Lena'' batewe inkunga n'ibyabaye mu 1965 igihe Fugard yari atwaye mu umuhanda wo mu cyaro muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://www.supersummary.com/boesman-and-lena/summary/</ref>. Yabonye umukecuru ugenda mu muhanda izuba ryamwishe, ku bilometero uvuye aho agana, maze amuha lift. Yaratsinzwe ararira ashimira<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boesman-and-Lena</ref>. Yamubwiye ko umugabo we yari amaze gupfa kandi ko yari yagiye mu rindi sambu. iyo Fugard adahagarara, yari kurara kumuhanda<ref>https://newyorktheater.me/2019/03/02/boesman-and-lena-review-after-apartheid-fugard-turned-into-beckett/</ref>. (Byari akamenyero muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo ivangura rishingiye]] ku gitsina abahinzi birukana imiryango y'abakozi igihe umukozi yapfaga. )<ref>https://www.enotes.com/topics/boesman</ref> Icyatangaje Fugard nuko umugore yari afite ububabare ariko akaba ataratsinzwe. Ibi byamuteye kwandika ikinamico<ref>https://www.orlandosentinel.com/entertainment/arts-and-theater/os-et-mad-cow-boesman-lena-review-20191106-4mxlijqbtfcclntmpwnkppjhqq-story.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 682a9jfd8v7zrqgeblxxvr14567u3yh 0 9301 80172 79830 2021-11-12T07:36:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Funeral for an Assassin''''' ni filime yo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] yasohotse muri 1974 iyobowe na Ivan Hall yasohotse muri [[Amerika]] mu 1977<ref>https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/funeral-assassin</ref><ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/funeral-for-an-assassin/</ref>. == Umugambi == Michael Cardiff numuntu uharanira impinduramatwara wabigize umwuga watojwe cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo kwica<ref>https://www.originalfilmart.com/products/funeral-for-an-assassin-1974</ref><ref>https://spicyonion.com/title/funeral-for-an-assassin-english-movie/</ref>, gucengera no guhunga amategeko. Amaze gutoroka gereza ashyira ibintu bimuranga ku mubiri wangiritse kugira ngo agaragare ko yapfuye mu gihe ateganya kwihimura kuri guverinoma<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/131963-funeral-for-an-assassin</ref>. Cardiff akoresha ubuhanga bwe mu kwica umucamanza ukomeye bituma urupfu rwe rusa nkimpanuka kugirango atere ibikoresho biturika bitunguranye mu muhango wo kumushyingura witabiriwe n’abimuka n’abanyeganyeza ubutegetsi<ref>https://impdb.fandom.com/wiki/Funeral_for_an_Assassin</ref>. Gusa kapiteni wa polisi udahuje ibitekerezo ari kuri gahunda ze.<ref>https://movies.alphacoders.com/movies/view/27865/Funeral-for-an-Assassin</ref><ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/funeral-for-an-assassin/2000110248/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://m4uhd.tv/watch-movie-funeral-for-an-assassin-1974-239227.html</ref> == * Vic Morrow nka Michael Cardiff * Peter Van Dissel nka Capt. Isabukuru * Gaby Getz nka Julia Ivens * Sam Williams nka Umzinga * Stuart Parker nka Commandant Overbeek * Gillian Garlick nkabaforomo Schoenfeld * Siegfried Mynhardt nk'umucamanza William Whitfield * Norman Coombes nka Fourie * Chris Bezuidenhout nka Karl Yates * Albert Raphael nka Claude Ormsby * Bruce Anderson nka Minisitiri w’intebe * Henry Vaughn nka Reverend Martin Hemsley * Gwynne Davies nka Magdalena Stewart * Nimrod Motchabane nkumupolisi wumwirabura * John Boulter nk'umuganga ubaga * DeWet Van Rooyen nka Minisitiri * Michael Lovegrove nkumugenzuzi wa DIS * Johan Brewis nkuwatangaje TV * Michael Jameson nkumukozi wa DIS == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] gxanusq34enkzft59u0sueudrua6vjg 0 9302 80173 79832 2021-11-12T07:39:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''No Gold for a Dead Diver''''' ni film yo muburengerazuba [[Ubudage|bw'Ubudage]] yasohotse muri 1974 yayoborwa na Harald Reinl fatanyije na Star Horst Janson, Monika lundi na Marius Weyers .<ref>https://www.londonsscreenarchives.org.uk/title/12207/</ref> <ref>https://www.ebay.it/itm/283470718860</ref> Igishimishije kubyerekeranye ninyanja ndende ishakisha ubutunzi bwashyinguwe, yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Amashusho ya firime yateguwe n'umuyobozi wubuhanzi Dieter Bartels <ref>https://www.poemofquotes.com/quotes/film-tv/no-gold-for-a-dead-diver-quotes</ref>. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa kw'abayahudi muri(1975), film yasohotse muri [[Amerika]] ifite izina rya '''''Deadly Jaws''''' <ref>https://www.movieflavor.com/similar/No+Gold+for+a+Dead+Diver/1974</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] n7hnhyupmtmpl1avcf7zu05rdn4osmq 0 9303 80174 79834 2021-11-12T08:11:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Albino''''' (izwi nka '''''The Night of the Askari,,''''' <ref>http://www.soundtrackcollector.com/catalog/soundtrackdetail.php?movieid=67656</ref> '''''Death in the Sun'''''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ioffer.com/i/albino-christopher-lee-178645961|title=IOffer - Online Marketplace}}</ref> and '''''Whispering Death)''''' ni filimi yasohotse muri 1976 yakozwe [[Abadage|n'abadage]] iyoborwa na Jürgen Goslar na Star Christopher Lee, James Faulkner na Sybil Danning yafashwe amashusho mugihe cy'intambara ya Rhodesian Bush <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-32127903</ref>. Filime ishingiye ku gitabo ''The Whispering Death'' cyanditswe na Daniel Carney<ref>http://yamm.finance/wiki/Whispering_Death_(film).html</ref> . == Umugambi == Terrick ( James Faulkner ), umupolisi w’Ubwongereza muri Afurika yepfo mu cyaro cya Rhodesia, ategereje ko umurimo we urangira ndetse n’izabukuru hakiri kare mu murima we hamwe n’umukunzi we, Sally ( Sybil Danning )<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Albino_(film)</ref>. Icyizere cya Terrick cyo kubaho mu mahoro hamwe na Sally kiracika intege, ariko, igihe inyeshyamba z'abirabura b'abirabura zateye umurima. Sally yafashwe ku ngufu akicwa n'umuyobozi w'inyeshyamba, albino izwi gusa na moniker ''"Urupfu rwongorera"'' ( Horst Frank )<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/albino/</ref>. Ababajwe n'agahinda, Terrick n'abakozi be bo mu mirima, bayobowe na Katchemu ( Sam Williams ) bahisemo kwihorera Sally bonyine<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/185752-albino</ref>. Nyuma baza kumenya ko inyeshyamba zahamagaye abaturage baho mu nama yo kubanyapolitiki no kubateza igico "Urupfu rwongorera<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film622575.html</ref>". Icyakora ishyaka rya Terrick rifungura umuriro imburagihe, ryica kandi rikomeretsa bamwe mu baturage bari bahari<ref>https://trakt.tv/movies/albino-1976-03-15</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * James Faulkner nka Terrick * Christopher Lee nk'umunyamuryango ushinzwe (Bill) * Horst Frank nkuwongorera Urupfu * Sybil Danning nka Sally * Sascha Hehn nka Petero * Trevor Howard nka Dr. Johannes * Erik Schumann nka Kapiteni Turnbull * Sam Williams nka Katchemu == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 8tzbtyew2u4t277cadv3sfpuue1axn3 0 9304 80175 79836 2021-11-12T08:17:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Killer Force''''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''''The Diamond Mercenaries''''', ni filime ishimishije yo mu 1976 iyobowe na Val Guest ikinwamo na Telly Savalas<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/killer-force-1976</ref>, Peter Fonda na Christopher Lee . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090116084706/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/61291 ''The Diamond Mercenaries (1975)''] </ref> Byari ubufatanye hagati ya Repubulika ya [[Irilande]], [[Ubusuwisi]] na [[Amerika]] kandi yafashwe amashusho cyane muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>http://every70smovie.blogspot.com/2016/05/killer-force-1976.html</ref>. Umugambi wayo ni agatsiko k'abagizi ba nabi bategura ubujura bukomeye mu kirombe cya diyama<ref>https://www.cede.com/en/movies/?view=detail&aid=15301631</ref> . == Umugambi == Umuyobozi w’umutekano Harry Webb afite ubwoba ko ubujura bwa diyama bugiye kubera mu ruganda rukora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro mu butayu<ref>https://www.cinematerial.com/movies/killer-force-i73241/p/iyoa486y</ref>. Yahise abasha gukundwa cyane, na Claire Chambers, umukobwa wamamaye cyane n'umukobwa w'umuyobozi w'ibirombe<ref>http://www.videocollector.co.uk/killer-force/51179</ref>. Arimo gusura umugabo akunda, Mike Bradley, ushinzwe umutekano kuri iki kirombe<ref>https://wwv.bbtor.net/movies/killer-force-1976</ref>. Nelson, umuyobozi w’ibirombe, aha Bradley ubutumwa bw'amatsiko - kwiba diyama. Arashaka kugira uruhare kuri Bradley kugira ngo amuhuze na Lewis runaka witegura kwiba ikirombe abifashijwemo n'itsinda ry'abacanshuro ndetse n'ibikoresho byaho bizwi nka Padiri Noheri<ref>https://www.famousfix.com/topic/killer-force</ref><ref>https://rarelust.com/killer-force-1976/</ref>. Webb, itamenyeshejwe uburiganya, idahwema gukurikirana Bradley, wavuganye na Lewis. Hamwe n'abacanshuro mugikorwa cyo kwinjira mu kirombe, Bradley yerekanye ko ari Padiri Noheri, wateguye iki gikorwa cyose. Hamwe na Webb ikurikirana, Bradley yahungiye mu butayu hamwe nabandi barokotse<ref>https://admitonefilmaddict.wordpress.com/2017/02/26/killer-force-aka-the-diamond-mercenaries-1976/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Telly Savalas . . . Urubuga * Peter Fonda . . . Bradley * Hugh O'Brian . . . Lewis * Christopher Lee . . . Major Chilton * OJ Simpson . . . Alexandre * Maud Adams . . . Clare * Ian Yule . . . Ishyamba * Michael Mayer . . . Adams * Victor Melleney . . . Nelson * Richard Loring . . . Roberts * Stuart Brown. . . Ibyumba * Marina Christelis . . . Danielle * Frank Shelley . . . Keller * Peter Van Dissel . . . Rick * Cocky Thlothlalemaje . . . Franklyn * Ian Hamilton . . . Muganga * Dale Cutts . . . Umugambi * Don McCorkindale . . . Umuyobozi wa Radio * Marigold Russell . . . Umukobwa * Frank Douglas . . . Barman * Kevin Basel . . . Serija * Stuart Parker . . . Kurinda Substation * Albert Raphael . . . Abashinzwe umutekano * Russell Newman . . . Murinzi * Clive Scott . . . Ikirere 4 Umuderevu * Robert Drayton . . . Sky 4 Navigator == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] kw4cg39ue7eui4xyg8fqo20q3iag8g5 0 9305 80177 79838 2021-11-12T08:24:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kill or Be Killed''''' (bwa mbere yasohokeye muri [[Amerika]] nka '''''Karate Killer''''' irongera isohorerwa muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'epfo nka '''''Karate Olympiad''''' <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kill_or_be_killed</ref>) ni filime yasohotse muri 1977 muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo / [[Amerika]] karate film iyoborwa na Ivan Hall. Iyi filime yakorewe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://ondemand.drafthouse.com/film/kill-or-be-killed/</ref>, iyi filime yiswe ''Kill cyangwa Be Killed'' muri [[Amerika]] mu 1980 kugira ngo yunguke menshi mu gukina filime z'ubuhanzi bw'intambara zo muri [[Amerika]].<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/56295</ref> Urukurikirane rwo kwamamara rugaragaza imiterere ya James Ryan Steve Hunt agerageza gukinira ikipe ya von Rudloff kandi ubwamamare burenze umubiri wa Ryan ahantu hose, usibye izina rya film<ref>https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/kill-or-be-killed-1980-english-movie</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.moviefone.com/movie/kill-or-be-killed/20000216/credits/</ref><ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/kill-or-be-killed/cast/2000004914/</ref> == * James Ryan nka Steve Hunt * Charlotte Michelle nka Olga * Norman Coombes nka Baron von Rudloff * Raymond Ho-Tong nka Miyagi * Danie DuPlessis nka Chico * Ed Kannemeyer nka Ruell * Douglas Baggott nka Luka * Lorraine Robinson nka Lorraine, umwarimu wa Olga * Stan Schmidt nka karateka ya von Rudloff * Norman Robinson nka karateka ya von Rudloff * Eddie Dorie nka karateka ya Miyagi * Nigel Jackson nka karateka ya Miyagi * Malcolm Dorfman nka karateka ya Miyagi * Derrick Lotz nka karateka ya Miyagi == karate yo mubuyapani == Uburyo bwo kurwana muri film bwerekana uburyo bwiza bwa karate yu [[Buyapani]], tubikesha Ishyirahamwe rya Karate [[Ubuyapani|ry’Ubuyapani]] ([[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo)<ref>http://nummtheory.blogspot.com/2019/01/kill-or-be-killed-1980-kill-and-kill.html</ref>. Shihans Stan Schmidt na Norman Robinson bakoze choreografi ya karate ya firime, ndetse banagaragara muri iyi filime nk'abanyamuryango babiri bagize ikipe ya karate ya von Rudloff<ref>https://www.poemofquotes.com/quotes/film-tv/kill-or-be-killed-1980-film-quotes</ref>. [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] loqxfk4u54817c9xz50d8yyyrnhvi3e 0 9306 80178 79840 2021-11-12T08:37:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Target of an Assassi'''n ni film yo mu 1977 iyobowe na Peter Collinson ikinwamo na Anthony Quinn na John Phillip Law<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film671740.html</ref> . yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] mu 1976 ikitwa '''''Tigers Don't Cry''''' ariko ntabwo yashyizwe ahagaragara muri [[Amerika]] imyaka hafi icyenda. andi mazina arimo ''African Rage''<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/271847-target-of-an-assassin</ref>, ''The Long Shot'', and ''Fatal Assassin''.. Ukurikije igitabo cya Jon Burmeister cyitwa ''Running Scared''<ref>https://trakt.tv/movies/target-of-an-assassin-1977</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.cinemaparadiso.co.uk/rentals/target-of-an-assassin-94125.html</ref> == * Anthony Quinn nka Ernest Hobday * John Phillip Amategeko nka Shannon * Simon Sabela nka Perezida Lunda * Marius Weyers nka Coloneli Albert Pahler * Sandra Prinsloo nka Mushikiwabo Janet Hobart == Umugambi == Filime yakiniwe mubitaro byo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo. Anthony Quinn wamenyekanye cyane akina nk'umuforomo w'umugabo<ref>https://www.cinemaclock.com/movies/target-of-an-assassin-1977</ref>, Hobday, washinzwe kwita kuri perezida w’amahanga (Simon Sabela). Hamwe n’iterabwoba ryinshi ryangiza ubuzima bwe, umuyobozi arinzwe cyane kumasaha. Hobday abasha gushimuta umurwayi we ku nyungu z'umuntu ku giti cye<ref>https://prapullapolymers.com/c7rc7b/rvssyi8.php?id=target-of-an-assassin</ref>, atazi ko sniper yahawe akazi agerageza guhitana ubuzima bw'umuyobozi w’amahanga igihe yari afunzwe na Hobday<ref>https://www.cinematerial.com/movies/target-of-an-assassin-i75307/p/milotitd</ref>. Ibi biganisha kumurongo wamatsiko y'imigambi iganisha kumiterere yikirere hamwe n'imodoka ya kabili kumusozi muremure<ref>https://www.mymovierack.com/show/target-of-an-assassin</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tir9xz0dfuld9cjzuew3iuu7u73arh7 0 9307 80179 79842 2021-11-12T08:42:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kill and Kill Again''''' ni film y'ibikorwa yo mu 1981 iyobowe na Ivan Hall<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/79875-kill-and-kill-again</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo James Ryan nka Steve Chase wahawe akazi ko gukiza umuhanga Horatio Kane<ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/product/kill-and-kill-again-blu-ray</ref>, washimuswe n'umuhanga Marduk. Chase akoranya itsinda ryabacanshuro basanga inzira igana ku gihome cy'umugome hanyuma ugasanga barwanira ubuzima bwabo uko bafashwe<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b736e93b9</ref>. ''Kill and Kill Again'' ni urukurikirane rwa film ''[[:en:Kill_or_Be_Killed_(1980_film)|Kill or Be Killed]]'' kandi yatangiye gufatwa amashusho muri kamena 1980<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film713390.html</ref>. Iyi filime yafatiwe mu [[Burayi]] no muri [[Amerika]] hamwe n'abakinnyi ahanini bakomoka muri [[Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://tubitv.com/movies/518698/kill-and-kill-again</ref>. Yasohotse i New York ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1981. Yakiriye ibitekerezo bibi byatanzwe na ''Variety'' na ''The New York Times'' basanze filime "idashimishije" kandi ifite "umugambi mubi"<ref>https://worldfilmgeek.com/2018/05/30/kill-and-kill-again-1981/</ref>. == Kurekura == ''Kill and Kill Again'' yasohotse i New York ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1981. Ku ya 12 Kanama 1980<ref>https://www.activecontext.net/kill-and-kill-again-1981-martial-arts-sequel/</ref>, ''Umunyamakuru wa Hollywood'' yatangaje ko hateganijwe filime ya gatatu muri uruhererekane. Kugeza mu Kuboza 2013, nta filime ikurikirana yagiye mu bikorwa<ref>https://theactionelite.com/kill-and-kill-again-1981-review/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] cj530d7w8x8m5h36f925hx4f0jt03k6 0 9308 80180 79844 2021-11-12T08:48:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Boetie Gaan Border Toe''''' ni filime yo gusebanya 1984 yashyizweho mugihe cy'intambara y'umupaka wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6f72c27b</ref> . Iyi filime yayobowe na Regardt van den Bergh, ikaba ikinamo Arnold Vosloo, Frank Dankert na Frank Opperman . Umusaruro wafashijwe n’ingabo z’Afurika yepfo (SADF)<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/30804-boetie-gaan-border-toe</ref>. == Umugambi == Boetie van Tonder, umusore wo muri Afrikaner, ashobora kwinjizwa mu gisirikare cya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://gwonline.unc.edu/node/6476</ref>. Nubwo mu mizo ya mbere yiyemeje kurwanya umurimo w’igihugu no kwanga amabwiriza, ahita abona ihumure ari kumwe n’abasirikare bagenzi be mu gihe bahuye n’imyitozo ikaze y’amahugurwa y’ibanze ndetse no koherezwa ku mupaka wa [[Angola|Angola.]]<ref>https://www.filmoria.co.uk/movie-list/boetie-gaan-border-toe-mv030804</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Arnold Vosloo nka Boetie van Tonder * Eric Nobbs [ af ] nka Bots ya Korporaal * Frank Dankert nkumupira wa Dampies * Kelsey Middleton nka Jenny Ball * Janie du Plessis [ af ] nka Elize * Kerneels Coertzen nka Davel * Pagel Kruger nka Mnr. Moerdijk * William Abdul nka James * Frank Opperman nka De Kock * Blake Toerien nka Piet Slabbert * Christo Yasahuwe nk'izuba * Neels Engelbrecht nka Gattie * Rudi De Jager nka Meyer * Bobbette Fouche nka Mev. Moerdijk * Graham Clarke nka Dokter * Gys de Villiers nka Korporaal Smit * Jacques Loots [ af ] nka Politiki * Jana Cilliers nk'Umwarimu (dosent) * Gretha Brazelle nka Charmaine == Kwakira == Umusesenguzi w’ubuvanganzo Monica Popescu yasobanuye ko ''Boetie Gaan Border Toe'' hamwe ''n’uruhererekane rwayo''<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/92789</ref>'', Boetie Op Maneuvers'', nk'ibikorwa byerekanaga urukundo rw’intambara yo ku mupaka wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo kandi byibanze cyane ku "myitwarire idahwitse y'abasirikare ba SADF"<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Boetie_Gaan_Border_Toe</ref>. Keyan Tomaselli wo muri kaminuza ya Johannesburg yanenze iyi filime "kwamamaza"<ref>https://mail.naijagreen.com.ng/s/afrikaans-full-movies-boetie-gaan-border-toe-full-movie/</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmvandaag.nl/film/92366-boetie-gaan-border-toe/kopen?ref=filmpagina</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 2oh10hj1pp5m9sebyi44qats6n2gfhx 0 9309 80181 79846 2021-11-12T09:04:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''King Solomon's Mines''''' ni film yasohotse muri 1985 , iturutse kuri novel yitwa King Solomon's Mines yanditswe na H. Rider yajonjogoye<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Solomons-Mines-Region-Richard-Chamberlain/dp/B01GUP5KDU</ref> . Irimo Richard Chamberlain, Sharon Stone, Herbert Lom na John Rhys-Davies<ref>https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2017/6/5/stuff-i-got-for-free-king-solomons-mines-1986</ref> . Yahinduwe na Gene Quintano na James R. Silke kandi iyobowe na J. Lee Thompson<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film639216.html</ref> . Iyi verisiyo yinkuru yari yoroheje, urwenya, iganisha ku gusebya ''Indiana Jones'' (aho umukinnyi wa francise Rhys-Davies yagaragaye mubice bibiri). Yafatiwe amashusho hanze ya [[Harare]] muri [[Zimbabwe]] . <ref>https://in.bookmyshow.com/chennai/movies/king-solomons-mines/ET00008706</ref> Yakurikiwe nuruhererekane ''[[:en:Allan_Quatermain_and_the_Lost_City_of_Gold|Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold]]'' (1986) kandi yagombaga gukurikirwa nuruhererekane rutigeze rukorwa<ref>http://basementrejects.com/review/king-solomons-mines-1985/</ref>, igerageza ry'ambere ryaba rishingiye kuri ''She na Allan'', ikindi gitabo cya Haggard<ref>https://allanquartermaine.fandom.com/wiki/King_Solomon%27s_Mines</ref>, hanyuma kugerageza bwa kabiri kwitwa ''Allan Quatermain na Jewel of the East'' kandi iyobowe na producer Golan.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/5893047</ref><ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/9838-king-solomon-s-mines</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://gonewiththetwins.com/new/king-solomons-mines-1985/</ref> == [[Dosiye:Richard_Chamberlain_(1).JPG|thumb| Richard Chamberlain mu myambarire nka Quatermain]] * Richard Chamberlain nka Allan Quatermain * Sharon Kibuye nka Jesse Huston * Herbert Lom nka Coloneli Bockner * John Rhys-Davies nka Dogati * Ken Gampu nka Umbopo * Kamena Buthelezi nka Gagoola * Sam Williams nka Scragga * Shaike Ophir nka Kassam * Mick Lesley nka Dorfman * Vincent Van der Byl nka Shack * Bob Greer nka Hamid * Oliver Tengende nka Bushiri * Neville Thomas nkumuderevu windege * Musenyeri McThuzen nka Dari * Isiah Murert nkuwitwa Rug [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] flwpjpj4y5uwfyof48h8tddonnzmry1 0 9310 80182 79848 2021-11-12T09:07:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Master Harold...and the Boys''''' ni filime y’ikinamico yo muri [[Amerika]] yo mu 1984 yakozwe na televiziyo ikorwa na Athol Fugard<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/306669</ref>, yakuwe mu ikinamico ye yo mu 1982 yakinnye izina rimwe, iyobowe na Michael Lindsay-Hogg <ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11424843</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere kuri Showtime ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1984 ndetse inerekanwa kuri PBS mu rwego rwo kwerekana ''ibitaramo bikomeye'' ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 1985<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7419a31d</ref>. == Umugambi == Iyi filime yahinduwe na Athol Fugard ikinamico ya autobiographical ibera mu 1950 [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'epfo mugihe cya apartheid<ref>https://www.gradesaver.com/master-harold-and-the-boys/study-guide/related-links</ref> . kwerekana uburyo ivanguramoko rishingiye ku nzego, urwikekwe cyangwa inzangano bishobora gutwarwa n'ababa munsi yacyo<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/82942-master-harold-and-the-boys/cast</ref>. Ikinamico y'umwimerere yarabujijwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo. Filime yagizwe PG-13<ref>http://yamm.finance/wiki/%22Master_Harold%22...and_the_Boys.html</ref>. Zakes Mokae ukina nka Sam, yagaragaje uruhare rwamuhesheje igihembo cya Tony mu 1982 kubera Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu ikinamico<ref>https://mubi.com/films/master-harold-and-the-boys</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film284913.html</ref> == * Matayo Broderick nka Hally * John Kani nka Willie * Zakes Mokae nka Sam == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6lfbl0vcfl5l3paheza1xk4w2g4f4ev 0 9311 80183 79850 2021-11-12T09:12:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Jock of the Bushveld,''''' ni filimi yasohotse muri 1986 [[Afurika y’Epfo|yo muri Afurika y'Epfo]] <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b80e58c73</ref>, iyoborwa na Gray Hofmeyr itunganywa amashusho na Duncan MacNeillie hamwe na Duncan MacNeillie Production na Toron International<ref>http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/news/news-archive/2010/november-2010/699-jock-of-the-bushvelds-happy-ending-in-animated-3d</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Jonathan Rands, Jocelyn Broderick na Michael Brunner mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Gordon Mulholland, Wilson Dunster mu nshingano zunganira n'imbwa "Umfubu".<ref>https://diary.wine.co.za/diary.aspx?DIARYID=18293&CLIENTID=4823</ref> Iyi filime ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe n'umwanditsi wo muri Irilande James Percy FitzPatrick wagiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo mu myaka ya 1800 kandi akibonera ibintu byinshi byabereye mu mashyamba<ref>https://www.filmcontact.com/south-africa/johnny-clegg-writes-music-jock-bushveld</ref>. == Umugambi == Mu 1886, Percy Fitzpatrick w'imyaka 20 ukomoka mu mujyi wa Cape Town yerekeje ku kirwa cya Delagoa muri Transvaal gucukura zahabu<ref>https://moviefit.me/titles/26838-jock-of-the-bushveld</ref>. Agezeyo, abuza icyana cy'imbwa, Jock, kurohama arakirera<ref>https://www.cinematerial.com/movies/jock-of-the-bushveld-i2306589/p/set6daek</ref>. Iyo amaherezo Percy ageze iyo yerekeza, nta zahabu iba ikiriho, nuko atangira kuba umuyobozi. Nyuma yaho, we na Jock babayeho mubyabaye byinshi birimo inyamaswa zo mwishyamba hamwe nabashoferi batwaraga abacakara<ref>https://www.reverbnation.com/keithhutchinson/song/26301781-film-music-jock-bushveld-1986</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://columbusamsterdambid.org/ufxphw/jock-of-the-bushveld-movie-1986-youtube-302b05</ref> == * Jonathan Rands nka Percy Fitzpatrick * Jocelyn Broderick nka Lilian Cubitt * Michael Brunner nk'imbuto yo mu murima * Wilson Dunster nka George Barnard * Umfubu imbwa nka Jock * Gordon Mulholland nka Tom Barnett * Marloe Scott Wilson nka Maggie Maguire * Nadine Kadey nka Olivia Jones * Jim Neal nka Bill Saunderson * Fred Baylis nka Warthog George * Oliver Ngwenya nka Jim * Fiona Fraser nka Madamu Cubitt == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 74gwuukjibgyorcdc53yxm8q5ysqzak 0 9312 80184 79852 2021-11-12T09:16:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Place of Weeping''''' (ikinamico nka '''Afrika - Land der Hoffnung''' )<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/05/movies/the-screen-place-of-weeping.html</ref>, ni filime y'ikinamico yo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]] yasohotse muri 1986 yayobowe na Darrell Roodt ikanakorwa na Anant Singh muri Place of Weeping Productions<ref>https://www.movieposters.com/products/place-of-weeping-mpw-33366</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo James Whyle, Gcina Mhlophe na Charles Comyn mu bakinnyi ba mbere mu gihe Norman Coombes, Michelle du Toit, Kerneels Coertzen na Patrick Shai bagize uruhare runini<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/place-of-weeping/review/2000344626/</ref><ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/au/film335425.html</ref>. Iyi filime isobanura mu buryo burambuye ku matsinda y’imico myinshi yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'epfo n’uburyo [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo yaguye kubera ibikorwa by’abanyafurika yepfo n’amakimbirane mu butegetsi bukandamiza [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://mubi.com/films/a-place-for-weeping</ref>. Iyi niyo shusho yambere yo kurwanya ivanguramoko yakozwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.clevelandfilm.org/films/1987/place-of-weeping</ref>. Filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1986. Filime yakiriwe neza nabayireba<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7588f5c5</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.videodetective.com/movie/a-place-for-weeping-214367</ref> == * James Whyle nka Philip Seago * Gcina Mhlophe nka Gracie * Charles Comyn nka Tokkie van Rensburg * Norman Coombes nka Padiri Eagen * Michelle du Toit nka Maria van Rensburg * Kerneels Coertzen nk'umushinjacyaha * Patrick Shai nkamahirwe * Ramolao Makhene nka Themba * Siphiwe Khumalo nka Yosefu * Doreen Mazibuko nkumukobwa muto * Thoko Ntshinga nk'umupfakazi wa Yozefu * Elaine Porokireri nkumunyamakuru * Ian Steadman nka Dave, Ubwanditsi * Marcel van Heerden nka nyiri Cafe * Intwaro Seutcoau nkumurwanyi wibice * Nandi Nyembe nka Nyina wumukobwa muto * Ernest Ndlovu nkumuntu ufite imbunda * Nicky Rebelo nkumuhinzi 1 * Sean Taylor nkumuhinzi 2 == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 10fmxl1uy59cjzad0846idf41mkstjd 0 9313 80185 79854 2021-11-12T09:21:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Platoon Leader''''' ni film ya Cannon Films yo mu 1988 yakozwe mu ntambara ya Vietnam kandi iyobowe na Aaron Norris<ref>https://www.cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/11143-REVIEW-PLATOON-LEADER-1988-AND-SOLDIER-BOYZ-1995;-MICHAEL-DUDIKOFF-BLU-RAY-DOUBLE-FEATURE.html</ref>; ikinamo Michael Dudikoff na Michael DeLorenzo kandi yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo. Rishingiye ku nyandiko ya James R. McDonough yibuka izina rimwe<ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/film/view/id/3000</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga kubyerekeranye na liyetona mushya [[Viyetinamu|w’abasirikare bageze muri Vietnam]] kugira ngo yigarurire platoni ye ya mbere<ref>http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/Platoon_Leader</ref>. Asanga agomba kwigaragaza no kugirirwa ikizere nabagabo banditswe niba ashaka kubayobora<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/2642213</ref>. == Umugambi == Lt. Jeffrey Knight, umusirikare mushya wo mu Ishuri rya Gisirikare rya Leta zunze ubumwe za [[Amerika]],<ref>https://mubi.com/films/platoon-leader</ref> yajyanywe mu ndege ku birindiro biri muri Vietnam, aho ahurira na platon ye, itsinda ry’abasirikare bakomeye b'intambara<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film562151.html</ref>. Platon Serija McNamara asobanurira Knight ko platoni idakeneye umuyobozi ukurikiza amategeko. Ibikorwa bya Lt. Knight nabyo byamaganwa nabagabo be bose usibye Pvt. Parker, umukoresha wa radio<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Platoon-film-by-Stone</ref>. Kuri rimwe mu irondo rye rya mbere, Knight yasitaye atitaye ku kirombe cyanjye cy'urugendo kandi aricwa. Parker noneho amaradiyo ya evac hanyuma McNamara ategeka ingabo kwimukira muri LZ kugirango zivemo<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Platoon_Leader/477399</ref> . Nyuma, mu gihe Lt. Knight arimo gukira ibikomere mu bitaro bya Gisirikare, Major Flynn amubaza niba ashobora kongera gufata icyemezo maze Knight arabyemera<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-10-07-ca-3320-story.html</ref>. Knight asubizwa mu ndege asubira ku birindiro bya platon ariko ntiyakirwa n'abantu be asanga ibikoresho bye byabuze aho yari atuye, kuko batari biteze ko azagaruka<ref>https://www.undertheradarmag.com/reviews/platoon_leader_soldier_boyz_michael_dudikoff_double_feature</ref>. Bamenye ko Knight yagarutse, abasirikare bihutira gusubiza ibintu bye hanze y'ibiro bye mbere yuko agaruka. Knight amenya ko agomba gufata ubundi buryo kugirango abagabo be bamwubahe<ref>https://vodkaster.telerama.fr/films/platoon-leader/1289739</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Michael Dudikoff nka Liyetona Jeffrey Knight * Robert F. Lyons nka Serija Michael McNamara * Michael DeLorenzo nka Private Raymond Bacera * Jesse Dabson nka Private Joshua Parker * Rick Fitts nka Serija Robert Hayes * Tony Pierce nkumuntu wigenga Jan Schultz * Daniel Demorest nka Duffy wenyine * Brian Libby nka Serija 'Roach' * Michael Rider nkumuntu wigenga Don Pike * William Smith nka Major Flynn * Al Karaki nka Private Kemp * Evan J. Klisser nka Private Larsen * Evan Barker nka Kapiteni Klinski * AJ Smith nka Liyetona Riley * Dean Raphael Ferrandini nkubuvuzi * Willie Olmstead nkubuvuzi (nka Bill Olmstead) * Themi Venturis nka Liyetona mushya * Raymond Phoenix nka Liyetona * Joyce Igihe cyose Mama ufite Umwana == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tehg2jqjvk2wpziygldzmj5f962v3hv 0 9314 80186 79856 2021-11-12T09:26:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Skeleton Coast''''' ni filime y’intambara y’abacanshuro yo muri 1987 yakozwe na John Cardos muri firime eshatu za mbere kuri producer Harry Alan Towers . Nibwo bwambere muri Towers 'Breton Film Productions<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film246859.html</ref>. == Umugambi == Mugihe cy'intambara yo muri [[Angola]] umukozi wa CIA Michael Smith akorana ninyeshyamba za UNITA<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=186805.html</ref>. Yafashwe n’ingabo za [[Angola]], yoherezwa muri gereza kugira ngo abazwe n’umudage w’iburasirazuba witwa Major Schneider<ref>https://www.troma.com/films/skeleton-coast/</ref>. Se wa Smith, Koloneli Bill Smith wahoze mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru Colonel Bill Smith ntabwo yizera leta ya [[Amerika]] kurekura umuhungu we<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90370/skeleton-coast</ref>. Koloneli yagiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo y'uburengerazuba]] aho yishyuye Elia amayobera kugirango amenye amakuru yukuri kubyerekeye umuhungu we aho yari ari imbohe<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-mo8fj6/skeleton-coast/</ref>. Colonel Smith aha akazi abacanshuro barindwi azajyana muri [[Angola]] gutabara umuhungu we<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/mad-max-and-namibia-s-skeleton-coast-movie-magic-wilderness-10252467.html</ref>. Kapiteni Simpson, umuyobozi w’inzego zishinzwe umutekano z’ikirombe cya diyama afite umugabo uhanze amaso Coloneli atinya ko ashobora kuba akora magendu ya diyama<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/34937</ref>. Umugore wa Elia, Opal akomeje kugirana umubano utemewe na Simpson amumenyesha ko Coloneli yishe umuntu w’umutekano we<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Skeleton_Coast/11282514</ref>, mu byukuri yishwe na Rick Weston, umuyobozi w’ingabo bwite za Smith<ref>https://mondo-esoterica.net/Skeleton%20Coast.html</ref>. Rick yamenyesheje Coloneli ko yari umukozi wibanga wa [[Angola]]. Elia yahise amenya ko Col. Smith yamwishyuye amafaranag yamiganano<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/81351-skeleton-coast</ref>. Binjiye muri Angola, abacanshuro bafatanya na Sekassi, umuyobozi wo mu bwoko bwa Jonas Savimbi w’inyeshyamba kugira ngo bashyigikire gutabara Michael Smith<ref>https://filmfront.no/utgivelse/45669/skeleton-coast</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Ernest Borgnine nka Col. Bill Smith * Robert Vaughn nka Maj. Schneider * Oliver Urubingo nka Capt. David Simpson * Herbert Lom nka Elia * Daniel Greene nka Rick Weston * Leon Isaac Kennedy nka Chuck * Nancy Mulford nka Sam * Peter Kwong nka Tohsiro * Robin Townsend nka Opal * Simon Sabela nka Sekassi * Arnold Vosloo nka Blade * Tullio Moneta nka Armando * Larry Taylor nka Robbins * Jonathan Rands nka Michael Smith == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] hwkmcxhdre7c8zqohhvz8mizsnzsdox 0 9315 80187 79858 2021-11-12T09:31:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Alien from L.A.''''' ni filime ya siyanse yo mu 1988 iyobowe na Albert Pyun ikinwamo na Kathy Irlande nk'umukobwa ukiri muto usura umuco wo munsi ya Atlantis <ref>https://vinegarsyndrome.com/products/alien-from-l-a</ref>. Filime yagaragaye kuri ''Theatre Science Theatre 3000''<ref>http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67033/alien-from-la/</ref> . Iyi filime ishingiye cyane ku gitabo cya Jules Verne cyo mu 1864 ''cyurugendo rugana hagati yisi'' hamwe n’ibintu bito byerekeza kuri ''Wizard ya Oz'' <ref>https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/alien-from-l-a-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnjkzmdyw</ref>.  == Umugambi == Wanda Saknussemm ( Kathy Irlande ) Ni umukobwa wari warananiranye ahora yamabaye amarinete manini ndetse afite nijwi ridasanzwe<ref>https://www.pophorror.com/kathy-irelands-film-debut-alien-from-l-a-1988-vinegar-syndrome-2k-restoration-blu-ray-review/</ref> ,uba i Los Angeles kandi ukora kuri restora. Nyuma yo kujugunywa n'umukunzi we kubera "kutagira amarangamutima"<ref>https://moviechat.org/tt0092532/Alien-from-LA</ref>, Wanda amenyeshwa ibaruwa ivuga ko se, umuhanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo, yaguye mu rwobo rutagira epfo na ruguru arapfa<ref>https://headhuntersholosuite.fandom.com/wiki/Alien_from_L.A.</ref>. Yerekeje muri Zamboanga muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ("Afurika Yimbitse" avuga ko ibahasha yagarutse) maze mu gihe anyuze mu bintu bya se, ahasanga ibyo yanditse kuri Atlantis<ref>https://freshfiction.tv/blu-ray-review-vinegar-syndromes-alien-from-l-a-takes-an-otherworldly-approach-to-genre-filmmaking/</ref>, bigaragara ko ari ubwato bw'abanyamahanga bwaguye mu binyejana byashize bukarohama hagati mu Isi. Wanda ahura nicyumba munsi yinzu ya se maze atabishaka ashyiraho urunigi rwibintu amaherezo bituma agwa mu mwobo muremure<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79c18947</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Kathy Irlande nka Wanda Saknussemm * William R. Moses nka Guten "Gus" Edway * Richard Haines nka Porofeseri Arnold Saknussemm * Don Michael Paul nka Robbie * Thom Mathews nka Charmin ' * Janie Du Plessis nka Jenerali Rykov / Shank / Ushinzwe ibirego * Simon Polonye nka Konseye Triton Crassus / Umuhereza * Linda Kerridge nka Roryis Freki / Auntie Pearl * Kristen Trucksess nka Stacy * Lochner de Kock nka Porofeseri Ovid Galba / Padi Mahoney * Deep Roy nka Mambino, umutware wa ba shebuja == references == [[Dosiye:Kathy_Ireland_(cropped).jpg|thumb|207x207px| Kathy Irlande akina filime iyobora Wanda Saknussemm]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] 7ofzkki528nrrhuxw2j2y6r5wl9ymgc 0 9316 80188 79860 2021-11-12T09:37:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Act of Piracy''''' ni filimi yasohotse muri 1988 yakozwe yagati ya [[Amerika]] na South [[Afurika y’Epfo|African]] thriller film iyoborwa na Yohana Cardos na Star Gary Busey, Belinda Bauer na Ray Sharkey<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7a867b61</ref> . <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=174702.html</ref> Mugihe bishimira ingendo zidasanzwe muri [[Ositaraliya]], ubwato bwumuryango bufatwa [[Iterabwoba|nabaterabwoba]] . Bazwi kandi nka '''''Barracuda''''' <ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Act_of_Piracy/12162115</ref>. == Umugambi == Ted Andrews ( Gary Busey ) yemeje uwahoze ari umugore we Sandy ( Belinda Bauer ) kureka abana babo Mark (Mathew Stewardson) na Tracey (Candicé Hillebrand) bamuherekeza n'umukunzi we Laura Warner (Nancy Mulford) mu rugendo mu bwato bwe buhenze cyane muri [[Ositaraliya]]<ref>https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/act-of-piracy-1988-english-movie</ref><ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/42292-act-of-piracy</ref>, aho ateganya kugurisha ubwato. <ref>https://www.moviepilot.de/movies/act-of-piracy-piraterie-auf-hoher-see</ref>Icyakora, nyuma yiminsi mike, biragaragara ko Laura ari umunyamuryango w’umutwe w’iterabwoba uyobowe na Jack Wilcox ( Ray Sharkey )<ref>https://www.alamy.com/original-film-title-act-of-piracy-english-title-act-of-piracy-film-director-john-bud-cardos-year-1988-stars-gary-busey-credit-mayor-arts-corporation-productions-album-image207519951.html</ref>, wifuza ko ubwato bwaba ishingiro ry’ibikorwa bye<ref>https://www.mymoviepicker.com/film/act-of-piracy-108474.htm</ref>. Jack afata yacht , nuko ubwa burashimutwa , kandi kubwibyo, Mark na Tracey babikwa nkingwate. <ref>https://www.filmstarts.de/kritiken/174702.html</ref>Hamwe na Sandy, Ted atangira gushakisha Wilcox, no gutabara Mark na Tracey.<ref>https://www.cinematerial.com/movies/act-of-piracy-i98983</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Gary Busey - Ted Andrews * Belinda Bauer - Sandy Andereya * Ray Sharkey - Jack Wilcox * Nancy Mulford - Laura Warner * Dennis Casey Park - Dennis * Arnold Vosloo - Sean Stevens * Ken Gampu - Bunting * Anthony Fridjohn - Philip O'Connor * Mathew Stewardson - Mark Andereya * Candice Hillebrand - Tracey Andereya * Nadia Bilchik - Maria * Roly Jansen - Carlos Ortiz * Gordon Mulholland - Kapiteni Jenkins * Thoko Ntshinga - Cynthia * Melody O'Brian - Nadine Andereya * Brian O'Shaughnessy - Skipper * Eckard Rabe - Intumwa Harris * Joe Stewardson - Intumwa Johnson * Bruce Wentzel - Mate * Christobel D'Orthez - Karen Daly * Thys Du Plooy - Ahmed * Trevor Fish - Kameraman * Mark Gilbert - Umugabo * Scott J. Ateah - Teka * Allen Booi - George Chibanda * Douglas Bristow - CW Andereya * John Cardos - Igisonga == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] nn52c8dt2j7be2zpoaulep9zmo64tev 0 9317 80189 79862 2021-11-12T12:03:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Fiela's Child''''' ni ikinamico yo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] yanditswe na Dalene Matthee kandi yasohotse mu 1985<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/49458-fiela-se-kind/cast</ref>. Igitabo cyanditswe mbere muri [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]] ku izina rya '''''Fiela se Kind''''', nyuma kiza guhindurwa mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]], [[Ikidage]], [[Icyesipanyole|Icyesipanyoli]], igitaliyani, Igiheburayo, Isilande na Sinhalese, n'ibindi<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/49458-fiela-se-kind</ref>. == Insanganyamatsiko == Matthee akemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije, insanganyamatsiko zishingiye ku ivanguramoko no kuvangura amoko. blue-buck burenze guhigwa kandi inzovu ziricwa<ref>https://bestsimilar.com/movies/51278-fielas-child</ref> . Umubano hagati y'abazungu nabandi birabura uragoye<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/fielas-child-v280950/cast-crew</ref>. Nubwo ibi mbere ya Apartheid mugihe tekiniki habaye uburinganire imbere y amategeko, gahunda y'amategeko <ref>https://mubi.com/films/fiela-se-kind</ref>yabogamye kandi ishyigikira abazungu. Inganda zo mu nyanja zibabajwe no kwinjiza amato akoreshwa na parike<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fielas_child</ref>. == Ibice byo kugarukira == Mu gitabo cyanditswe na Dalene Matthee icyerekezo cyo kugarukira, aho umuntu abasha guhitamo uwo ari we n'icyo agomba kuba afite, uruhare runini. Mu gitabo<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/fiela-s-child/m0bdb8j5?hl=en</ref>, Benjamini ari mu ntera ntarengwa kandi ntazi umwirondoro we. Na none, igenamiterere risobanurwa ko riri murwego ntarengwa bityo bibera kumpande zombi z'umusozi <ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/96461</ref> . == Filime == Igitabo cyakozwe muri firime mu 1988 gikinwamo Shaleen Surtie-Richards nka Fiela. <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0144200/maindetails Fiela se Kind (1988)]</ref> Filime muri 2019 yakinnye na Zenobia Kloppers nka Fiela<ref>https://www.gradesaver.com/fielas-child</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] pfpvz52c68c4p8tj5w0rng3l3h18457 0 9318 80190 79864 2021-11-12T12:11:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mapantsula''''' ni filime yo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo yo mu 1988 iyobowe na Oliver Schmitz kandi yanditswe na Schmitz na Thomas Mogotlane<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/mapantsula/</ref> . Ivuga amateka ya Johannes 'Panic' Themba Mzolo (Mogotlane), umujura wigihe gito, yashyizwe inyuma ya Apartheid<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/4186642</ref> . Iyi filime yakoresheje ibintu byagaragaye hagati y’igihe cya Panic yatewe n’umugororwa we w’ivangura rya 'Stander' (Marcel Van Heerden) hamwe n’ibibera mu mujyi wa Johannesburg mu mujyi wa Soweto byerekana akarengane abirabura bo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo bahuye nako mu gihe cya apartheid ndetse n’urugamba rwabo rwo gutora<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/2637046</ref><ref>https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/engage-film-and-the-public-sphere-mapantsula-1988/10179312</ref>. Iyi filime ikoresha cyane imyigaragambyo ya politiki, ubugome bwa polisi, n’itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko kugira ngo tugaragaze ingaruka za apartheid ku Birabura bo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://academic.oup.com/screen/article-pdf/35/3/235/4554969/35-3-235.pdf</ref>. Yerekanwe mu gice cya Un Certain Regard mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 1988<ref>https://mubi.com/films/mapantsula</ref> . Iyi filime yatoranijwe nk'iyinjira muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo muri Filime nziza y'indimi z'amahanga mu bihembo bya 62 bya Osama, ariko ntiyemerwa nk'umukandida. <ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/mapantsula/</ref> == UMUTWE == Dukurikije amagambo magufi yabanjirije iyi filime, Amapanstula ni ijambo rikoreshwa kuri "udutsiko two mu muhanda wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] tugaragazwa n'imiterere yabo y'imyambarire n'umuziki<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/82880/mapantsula</ref>." Ikomeza ivuga ko, "Mu gace kabo gakabije nta mategeko abaho kandi kubaho kw'ibikwiye ni gahunda y'umunsi<ref>https://newsreel.org/video/MAPANTSULA</ref>." == references == * [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] hey3visepihfaub94z4mnjmzljm3oeg 0 9319 80191 79866 2021-11-12T12:18:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Red Scorpion''''' ni film muri [[Amerika]] yo mu 1988 yakinnye na Dolph Lundgren kandi iyobowe na Joseph Zito<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-skosaq/red-scorpion/</ref> <ref>https://www.alamy.com/dolph-lundgren-red-scorpion-1988-image262638747.html</ref>. Lundgren agaragara nk’ingabo zidasanzwe z’Abasoviyeti zoherejwe kwica umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba zirwanya abakomunisiti muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.videodetective.com/movie/red-scorpion-12420</ref>, gusa ashyigikiye inyeshyamba. yakozwe na lobbyist Jack Abramoff kandi yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo yuburengerazuba]] ku nkunga ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo yo muri]] apartheid. Iyi filime yasohotse muri [[Amerika]] ku ya 21 Mata 1989<ref>https://www.themoviescene.co.uk/reviews/red-scorpion-1988/red-scorpion-1988.html</ref>. == Umugambi == Liyetona Nikolai Petrovitch Rachenko, umukozi wa Spetsnaz w’Abasoviyeti yoherejwe mu gihugu cya [[Afurika]] aho ingabo [[Burusiya|z’Abasoviyeti]]<ref>https://militarygogglebox.com/2021/02/24/red-scorpion-1988/</ref>, [[Silovakiya|Cekosolovakiya]] na Cuba zifasha guverinoma kurwanya umutwe w’inyeshyamba zirwanya abakomunisiti<ref>https://www.tumblr.com/tagged/Red+Scorpion?sort=top</ref>. Ashinzwe ubutumwa bwo kwica umuyobozi w'inyeshyamba. Rachenko yinjiye mu mutwe w'inyeshyamba no kugera kure cyane y'intego yari afite, ateza ibibazo mu kabari kabo maze atabwa muri yombi azira imyitwarire idahwitse<ref>https://www.cultcelebrities.com/red-scorpion-1988/</ref>. Yashyizwe mu kagari kamwe n’umuyobozi wafashwe n’umutwe kandi arizera ko byoroshye guhunga<ref>https://mubi.com/films/red-scorpion</ref>. Amaherezo ageze mu nkambi y'inyeshyamba, ahura no kutizerana n'inyeshyamba. Mwijoro, agerageza kwica umugambi we, ariko inyeshyamba zitizera ibikorwa bye<ref>https://theactionelite.com/classic-trailer-red-scorpion-1988/</ref>. === Igisubizo gikomeye === Kevin Thomas wo mu kinyamakuru ''Los Angeles Times'' yasobanuye ko ari "igitabo gisekeje kizwi cyane", ko nubwo Lundgren afite charisma<ref>https://bestsimilar.com/movies/21155-red-scorpion</ref>, bishoboka ko byangiza umwuga we. Stephen Holden wo mu ''kinyamakuru The New York Times'' yanditse ko physique ya Lundgren ari yo nyenyeri nyayo ya filime, kuko ivuga amarangamutima kuruta uko yakinnye<ref>https://fabulistmagazine.com/red-scorpion-1988/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] bgdi41427ja4yc7ihhwcetdpiyviecn 0 9320 80192 79868 2021-11-12T12:30:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Space Mutiny''''' (izwi nka '''''Mutiny in Space)''''' ni film yasohotse muri 1988 muri [[Afurika]] y'Epfo ikorwa na American [[:en:Space_opera|space opera]] [[:en:Action_film|action film]] filimi yerekeye ubwato bwitwa ''Southern Sun''<ref>https://mst3k.fandom.com/wiki/Space_Mutiny_(film)</ref>''..'' Kuva ubwo iyi filime imaze guteza imbere umuco nyuma yo kugaragara mu gice kizwi cyane kuri televiziyo ''Mystery Science Theatre 3000'' <ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zdl72s/space-mutiny/</ref>. == Umugambi == ''The Southern Sun'' ni ubwato bwibisekuruza, cyangwa ubwato bugenda mu kirere burimo abantu benshi<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/space_mutiny</ref>, intego yabo ni ugukoloniza isi nshya. Urugendo rwabwo kuva kwisi yambere (bivuze ko ari [[Isi]] ) bumaze ibisekuruza cumi na bitatu<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/32148-space-mutiny</ref>, kuburyo benshi mubayituye bavutse kandi bazapfa batigeze bakandagiza ikirenge hasi<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/32148-space-mutiny</ref>. Ibi ntibishimisha abanzi, Eliya Kalgan ( John Phillip ), wafatanije naba pirate binjira muri sisitemu ya Corona Borealis yegeranye n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ubwato MacPhearson ( James Ryan )<ref>https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Film/SpaceMutiny</ref>. Kalgan yateguye umugambi wo guhungabanya uburyo bwo kugendesha ubwato bwa Southern Sun no gukoresha Enforcers<ref>https://en.battlestarwiki.org/Space_Mutiny</ref>, abapolisi b'ubwo bwato, kugira ngo bashimute ubwo bwato kandi babuyobore kuri ubu buryo. Kuri ubu, abatuye ''Southern Sun''' nta kundi byagenda uretse kwemera "ubuntu" bwe.<ref>https://awfulmovies.miraheze.org/wiki/Space_Mutiny</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://mubi.com/films/space-mutiny</ref> == * Reb Brown nka Dave Ryder * John Phillip Amategeko nkumuyobozi windege Eliya Kalgan * Kameron Mitchell nkumuyobozi Alex Jansen * Cisse Kameron nka Dr. Lea Jansen * James Ryan nkumu injeniyeri mukuru MacPhearson * Graham Clark nka Kapiteni Scott Devers * Billy Uwa kabiri nka Liyetona Lemont * Gary D. Sweeney nk'Umurinzi == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 443hq49ucoruypzql9r54eeksds2qmg 0 9321 80193 79870 2021-11-12T12:41:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''A Dry White Season''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Amerika]] yo mu 1989 iyobowe na Euzhan Palcy ikinwamo na Donald Sutherland, Jürgen Prochnow, Marlon Brando, Janet Suzman, Zakes Mokae naSusan Sarandon Yanditswe na Colin Welland na Palcy<ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/29148-a-dry-white-season</ref>, ishingiye ku gitabo cya André Brink cyitwa '''''A Dry White Season'''''<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-dry-white-season-1989</ref>. Robert Bolt nawe yatanze umusanzu wo gusubiramo amashusho atemewe<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/adrywhiteseasonrcooper_a09eab.htm</ref>. Yashyizwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] mumwaka wa 1976 kandi ivuga kubyerekeye ivanguramoko . Brando yatorewe muri Oscar nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza<ref>https://mubi.com/films/a-dry-white-season</ref>. == Umugambi == Mu 1976, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] mu gihe cya apartheid, Ben Du Toit ( Donald Sutherland ) ni umwarimu w’ishuri ryo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo ku ishuri ry’abazungu gusa. Umunsi umwe<ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-euzhan-palcy-dry-white-season-20190201-story.html</ref>, umuhungu w’umurimyi we, Gordon Ngubene ( Winston Ntshona ), yakubiswe n’abapolisi bera nyuma yo gufatwa n’abapolisi mu myigaragambyo y’amahoro hagamijwe politiki nziza y’uburezi ku birabura muri [[Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film951044.html</ref>. Gordon asaba Ben ubufasha. Ben amaze kwanga gutabara kubera ko yizeraga abapolisi, Gordon na we yafashwe na polisi kandi akorerwa iyicarubozo na Kapiteni Stolz ( Jürgen Prochnow ). Bitandukanye n'ubushake bw'umugore we Susan ( Janet Suzman ) n'umukobwa we Suzette ( Susannah Harker )<ref>http://www.thestudiotour.com/movies.php?movie_id=948</ref>, Ben agerageza kumenya byinshi ku ibura ry'umurimyi we wenyine. Nyuma y’ivumburwa ry’ubwicanyi bwakozwe na Gordon n’umuhungu we bombi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Dry-White-Season-film</ref>, Ben yahisemo kugeza iki kibazo imbere y’urukiko na Ian McKenzie ( Marlon Brando ) nk'umunyamategeko ariko aratsindwa. Nyuma yaho<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/a-dry-white-season-1989-marlon-brando.html</ref>, akomeje gukora wenyine kandi ashyigikira itsinda rito ryabirabura, barimo umushoferi we Stanley Makhaya ( Zakes Mokae ), kugira ngo afashe abandi bateze imbere imibereho<ref>https://www.tcm.com/video/1128507/dry-white-season-a-1989-land-of-love-and-glory</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Donald Sutherland nka Ben du Toit * Janet Suzman nka Susan du Toit * Susannah Harker nka Suzette du Toit * Rowen Elmes nka Johan du Toit * Marlon Brando nka Ian McKenzie * Susan Sarandon nka Melanie Bruwer * Leonard Maguire nka Prof. Bruwer * Zakes Mokae nka Stanley Makhaya * Winston Ntshona nka Gordon Ngubene * Thoko Ntshinga nka Emily Ngubene * Bekhithemba Mpofu nka Jonathan Ngubene * Jürgen Prochnow nka Kapiteni Stolz * Michael Gambon nk'umucamanza * John Kani nka Julius * Gerard Thoolen nka Coloneli Viljoen * David de Keyser nka se wa Susan {| class="wikitable" |+ !Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Nominee (s) |- | Ibihembo bya Academy | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira | rowspan="5" | Marlon Brando |- | Ibihembo bya Golden Globe | Umukinnyi mwiza ushyigikira - Ishusho yimuka |- | Ibihembo bya BAFTA | Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira |- | New York Film Critics Circle Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira |- | rowspan="2" | Ishyirahamwe ry'abanenga amafilime ya Chicago | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira |- | Filime nziza | ''Igihe cyumye cyera'' |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Durban | Igihembo mpuzamahanga | rowspan="2" | Euzhan Palcy |- | rowspan="2" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Tokiyo Grand prix |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Marlon Brando |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] 3zteen4v69vcb9a1xxde8fsz31ibz09 0 9322 80194 79872 2021-11-12T12:51:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Have You Seen Drum Recently?''''' yasohotse 1989<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975</ref><ref>https://africa.film/have-you-seen-drum-recently-a-documentary-by-drum-photographer-jurgen-schadeberg/</ref>, ni film ikaba ikoresha amafoto aturuka muri ''Drum'' archives ikaba ivuga inkuru kinyamakuru n'inyandiko ku buzima bw'umuco na politiki ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Have_You_Seen_Drum_Recently/8468743</ref> . Mu myaka ya za 1950, ''Ingoma'' yibanze ku birabura bo mu mijyi baba mu isi yiganjemo ivanguramoko<ref>https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-of-the-most-controversial-films-from-south-africa/</ref>. Harimo ingingo zerekeye umujyi wa jazz umujyi w'ubugizi bwa nabi<ref>https://www.journeyman.tv/film/3007/have-you-seen-drum-recently</ref>, ibihimbano na siporo byerekanaga ibyiringiro, ibyifuzo no kwiheba byumujyi, umujyi wigishije abirabura<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/africas-media-empire-drums-expansion-to-nigeria/6F12716179FE7050F0313CD1900914BE</ref>. Iyobowe na Jürgen Schadeberg, iyi filime ikubiyemo amashusho ya Oliver Tambo nk'umunyamategeko<ref>https://www.journeyman.tv/film/3007/have-you-seen-drum-recently</ref>, Trevor Huddleston yerekanye ko yamaganye isenywa rya Sophiatown, Nelson Mandela wagaragaye mu bakinnyi bateramakofe, Chief Luthuli wegukanye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel ndetse n'umuririmbyi Miriam Makeba<ref>https://streampriser.dk/film/471d6960-36c2-437b-800d-26779b5966e8/have-you-seen-drum-recently</ref> . Umuziki winyuma ushingiye kumuziki wo muri 1950, harimo itsinda rinini, jazz, swing, kwela na [[:en:Tin_whistle|penny whistle]]<ref>https://alchetron.com/Have-You-Seen-Drum-Recently</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] bwyx62q1ozmdd7vw9a93ngo5z55eijr 0 9323 80195 79874 2021-11-12T13:01:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''4 Play ('''yasubiwemo muri'' Nollywood nka '''''4 can Play''''' by De-Kross Movies<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film742304.html</ref>, kuko gukwirakwiza mpuzamahanga) ni filimi yasohotse muuri 2010 yakorewe muri [[Nigeriya|Nigeria]] na [[Gana|Ghana]] ikozwe mu bwoko bwa romantic blue comedy yayobowe na Frank Rajah Arase, Star Majid Miche<ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=42492101&lang=en</ref>l<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/4play-reloaded/</ref>, Yvonne Okoro, John Dumelo, Jackie Appiah, Roselyn Ngissah na Juliet Ibrahim<ref>https://answersafrica.com/15-ace-ghanaian-actors-who-got-their-big-break-to-fame-in-nollywood.html</ref> . Filime ikurikirwa ''nuruhererekane rwiswe 4Play Reloaded'', rwasohotse muri 2011<ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/92ddccfee9872e4a1ee0b1b53c7f3333</ref><ref>https://wundef.com/majid-michel/</ref>. Yakiriye nomination 3 muri Gana Movie Awards muri 2010 kandi amaherezo yegukana igihembo cy'umukinnyi ''mwiza witwaye neza''<ref>https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/majid-michel/</ref> . == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/01/sinking-sands-nadia-buari-genevieve-nnaji-john-dumelo-win-at-the-2010-ghana-movie-awards/</ref> == * Majid Michel nka Alvin * John Dumelo nka Rex * Jackie Appiya nka Jezel * Yvonne Okoro nka Ruby * Juliet Ibrahim nka Nivera * Roselyn Ngissah nka Angie * Jesse Sarpong nka Kojo * Kalsum Sinare nka mama wa Jezel * Omar Sherif Kapiteni nka Jake * Roger Quartey nka Barrister Dickson == Kwakira == ''modernghana.com'' yashimye gukina no kuyobora film. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] hzy1ht7wncnoswhwyvs0ohvkhmacv5w 0 9324 80196 79876 2021-11-12T13:14:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''2016''''' ni filimi yasohotse muri 2010 ikorerwa muri [[Ghana]] mu buryo butaziguye iganisha ku bikorwa bya Siyansi<ref>https://jamesemirzianwaldementersoftwareonwikia.fandom.com/wiki/2016_(2010_film)</ref>. yayoboye na pseudonymous na Ninja<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/meilleurs/decennie-2010/annee-2016/</ref>. Iyi filime igaragara mu mwaka wa 2010 kandi ikurikira Abanyagana bagomba kurokoka itsinda ry’abanyamahanga bashaka gutera [[Accra]] bizeye gukoloniza isi mu mwaka wa 2016<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cinema_of_Ghana</ref>. Filime yamenyekanye cyane kuri trailer idasanzwe nukuntu yari ifite ibibazo byingengo yimari<ref>https://bestsimilar.com/tag/31162-ghana</ref> . == Abakinnyi<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_key/812</ref> == * Rose Mensah nka Maa Dorcas * Ebenezer Donkor nka Bwana Oppong * Emmanuel Afriyie nka Francis * Osei Joseph nka Johnson * Priscilla Anabel nka Cara * Rebbeca Achiaa nka Maame Serwaah * Baptiste Moureau nkumu terminator == Kurekura == ''2016'' yamenyekanye bwa mbere muri 2011 ubwo trailer yiyi firime yashyizwe kuri YouTube . ''Huffington Post'' yise iyo trailer"Bizarre and Wonderful",<ref>https://everyfad.com/movie/2016-part-2-2010</ref> igihe Cyriaque Lamar wo muri io9 yavuze ko "ahanini ari Alien, ''Inyamanswa'', na ''Terminator'' bose bazindukiye muri imwe"<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Rose-Akua-Atta-Mensah-5605</ref>. Iyi trailer yerekanwe ku gice cya 2015 cy'ibiganiro bitinze nijoro ''Conan'', irimo umushyitsi TJ Miller . Filime yacitsemo ibice bibiri, kimwe nibisanzwe ku isoko ryerekanwa na videwo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba<ref>https://moviefit.me/titles/235789-2016-part-1</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] lk8o74gw2ugkyj30yz9nzjo47jed36s 0 9325 80197 79879 2021-11-12T13:20:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Adams Apples''''' ni urukurikirane rw'amafilime yo muri [[Gana]],<ref>https://newsghana.com.gh/yvonne-okoro-surprises-at-adams-apples-final-premiere/</ref> yakinwe na Yvonne Okoro, Joselyn Dumas, John Dumelo, Naa Ashorkor Mensa-Doku, Anima Misa Amoah, Adjetey Anang, Helene Asante, SoulKnight Jazz, Jasmine Baroudi, Vincent McCauley, Roselyn Ngissah, Fred Kanebi<ref>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com/yvonne-okoro-in-uk-for-adams-apples/</ref>. Urukurikirane rugizwe na firime icumi zerekana amakinamico, azwi ku izina rya "chapters", yakozwe na Ken Attoh kandi iyobowe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso<ref>https://www.africancelebs.com/adams-apple-movie-series/</ref> <ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/adams-apples/</ref>. Urukurikirane film bukurikira ubuzima mu muryango wa Adam , bakaba bagizwe na Doris Adams (Anima Misa Amoah), umupfakazi wa ikintu KALIMANZIRA umudiplomate, n'abakobwa be batatu; Baaba ( Okoro ), Jennifer ( Dumas ) na Kuukua ( Mensah-Doku )<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/10/adams-apples-new-beginnings.html</ref>, berekana uburyo bakemura umuryango wabo utoroshye, ubuzima bw'urukundo, amabanga ya buri muntu, ibinyoma no kwicuza<ref>https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201105/45713.php</ref>. televiziyo drama series, na title kimwe kwerekanwa muri Gashyantare 2013, kandi kuva batangiye airing ku DSTV 's Afurika Magic televiziyo yashyizeho nyuma y'umwaka igice cya cumi cy'urukurikirane rwa firime<ref>https://northsideghshowbiz.wordpress.com/2013/06/19/yvonne-okoro-in-uk-for-adams-apples-omgghana-com/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://carifrique.com/film-adams-apples-ghana/</ref> == * Anima Misa Amoah nka Doris Adams * Yvonne Okoro nka Baaba Adams Smith * Joselyn Dumas nka Jennifer Adams * Naa Ashorkor Mensah-Doku nka Kuukua Adams * Adjetey Anang nka Albert Amankwah (cyangwa Albert Adams) * Helene Asante nka Ivy Amankwah (cyangwa Ivy Adams) * SoulKnight Jazz nka Chris Smith * John Dumelo nka Denu McCarby * Jasmine Baroudi nka Michelle * Vincent McCauley nka Foo * Fred Kanebi nka Gerald * Roselyn Ngissah nka Linda * Fiifi Coleman nka Chidi * Sesanu Gbadebo nka Eric == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 88evj2spdnvoijijxnq9p3wwkxpd4r6 0 9326 80198 79883 2021-11-12T13:28:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Agony of Christ''''' ni film yo muri [[Gana]] yo muri 2009 iyobowe na Frank Rajah Arase<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/11/agony-of-christ.html</ref> . akaba ari film yamenyekanye cyane kuko iganisha ku kwizera kwa muntu kuko igaragaza Umwuka wera ndetse n'umwuka wa sekibi imbaraga hagati y'umupadiri ndetse n'abapfumu hakabikorera ku musore umwe uba utazi icyo gukora <ref>https://www.naijapals.com/nigerian-movies/Agony_of_the_Christ</ref>. == Umugambi == Umusore yahunze umudugudu we kuko umupadiri gakondo yashakaga ko yicwa<ref>https://myhealthbasics.site/nadia-buari-a-top-movie-celebrity-in-ghana/</ref>. Yakijijwe nabakristo bamutoje ubumenyi bw'ubukristo aravuka ubwa kabiri<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/7985/agony-of-the-christ-premiered.html</ref>. Yagarutse mu mudugudu we aho basengaga imana nto<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Agony_of_Christ_(film)</ref>. Igikorwa cye cyo guhindura abantu bose bo mu mudugudu kuba umukirisitu cyaburijwemo n’umupadiri w’igihugu<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Agony_of_Christ_(film)</ref>, wemera ko ibyo bibaho bityo amushora mu ntambara yo mu mwuka<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/726922/anybody-watched-agony-christ</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://graduateway.com/agony-of-christ-essay/</ref> == * Majid Michel * Nadia Buari * Kofi Adjorlolo * Eddie Nartey * Naana Hayford * Salomo Sampah * Yvonne Okoro * Kofi Adjorlolo * Samuel Nii Odoi Mensah * Umuganwa David Osei == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] b64hdrq1wc4emx8qgk7ktx0bkclmlwp 0 9327 80199 79885 2021-11-12T13:36:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Aloe Vera''' ni filim yasohotse muri 2020 yo muri [[Gana]] ikaba yarateguwe kandi itunganywa amshusho na Manaa Abdallah afatanyije na Anny Araba bose bari bayobowe na Peter Sedufia.''<ref>https://rialtofilm.nl/en/films/695/aloe-vera</ref> == Umugambi == Amatsinda abiri yabantu atuye mumudugudu umwe, Aloes na Vera<ref>https://rialtofilm.nl/en/films/695/aloe-vera</ref>. Hariho uguhangana gukabije hagati yabo kwihanganira no kubana kandi buri ruhande rurangwa nibara ryarwo <ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/it-cost-me-about-240k-to-produce-aloe-vera-peter-sedufia/</ref>. Iyo abana b'abayobozi b'umujyi ', Aloewin na Veraline, bakundanye bagomba gushaka uburyo bwo guhuza iyo miryango yombi nubwo bangana<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/peter-sedufias-aloe-vera-to-hit-cinemas-again/</ref>. Umuganda nyuma uba umwe bitewe nubusabane hagati yabo bombi<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/how-ghanaian-film-director-blew-over-n77-million-on-aloe-vera-video/x8e569h</ref>. == Umusaruro == Izina ry'iyi filime ryatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2019, hamwe n'itangazo rivuga ko umuyobozi Peter Sedufia yubaka amazu 100 mu rwego rwo gushinga umudugudu wo gufata amashusho mu gace ka Dabala<ref>https://www.awotele.com/2021/05/12/ghana-aloe-vera-veut-conqu%C3%A9rir-les-salles-francophones/</ref>, mu karere ka Volta muri [[Gana]]. Abakinnyi Priscilla Opoku Agyemang, Nana Ama Mcbrown, na Roselyn Ngissah nabo bagaragaye ko bakinnye muri firime<ref>https://www.glitzafrica.com/peter-sedufias-aloe-vera-trailer-amplifies-existence-of-tribal-discrimination-in-21st-century/</ref>. Worlasi yazanywe no gutanga amajwi ya firime. Sedufia yavuze ko iyi filime ari "kuzamura umushinga we mbere kandi igamije guha abantu ikintu gifite agaciro n'igihe cyabo<ref>https://citinewsroom.com/2021/05/aloe-vera-to-open-in-nine-francophone-countries-as-ghanaian-cinemas-remain-shut/</ref>." ''Aloe Vera'' yari ifite ingengo yimari ingana na N58.204.500 ariko yagiye hejuru yingengo yimari N77.606.000 kubera amatariki yo gufata amashusho nyuma yimvura nyinshi yangije ibikoresho byo gufata amashusho. Imvura kandi yangije cyane firime, Sedufia yavuze ko byagaragaye ko ari ikibazo gikomeye<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/trailer-alert-heres-a-first-look-at-what-aloe-vera-is-all-about/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] gv3t843uzmbkts50jvrq9ed8y02l1gi 0 9328 80200 79887 2021-11-12T13:46:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ama Ata Aidoo''', ''née'' '''Christina Ama Aidoo''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Werurwe 1942) ni umwanditsi wo muri [[Gana]], umusizi, umwanditsi w'amakinamico n'umunyeshuri<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ama-Ata-Aidoo</ref>. Yari Minisitiri w’uburezi uyobowe na Jerry Rawlings administration <ref>https://literarymama.com/articles/departments/2016/02/a-profile-of-ama-ata-aidoo-draft</ref>. Mu 2000, yashinze Fondasiyo ya Mbaasem yo guteza imbere no gushyigikira umurimo w’abanditsi b’abagore [[Afurika|b’abanyafurika.]]<ref>https://newafricanmagazine.com/3015/</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Aidoo yavutse ku ya 23 Werurwe 1942 i Saltpond mu mu gace ko hagati muri [[Gana]], Amakuru amwe arimo Megan Behrent, kaminuza ya Brown, na [[Afurika]] Ninde wavuze ko yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1940<ref>https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/ama-ata-aidoo/210811/</ref>. Yakuriye mu rugo rw'umwami wa Fante, umukobwa wa Nana Yaw Fama, umutware wa Abeadzi Kyiakor, na Maame Abasema. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39435002_An_interview_with_Ama_Ata_Aidoo_'I_learnt_my_first_feminist_lessons_in_Africa'</ref> Yakuze mugihe cy' [[ubwongereza]] bushya bwa neocolonialism bwaberaga mu gihugu cye<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/features/womenwriters/aidoo_life.shtml</ref>. Sekuru yiciwe na neocolonialiste, ibyo bikaba byaratumye se yibanda ku kamaro ko kwigisha abana n'imiryango yo mu mudugudu n'amateka yabayeho<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064229008534948</ref>. Ibi byatumye afungura ishuri rya mbere mu mudugudu wabo maze bituma Aidoo yiga mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Wesley Girls aho yahisemo bwa mbere ko ashaka kuba umwanditsi<ref>https://www.bookishsanta.com/blogs/booklings-world/books-ama-ata-aidoo</ref>. == Uburezi == Aidoo yize amashuri yisumbuye ya Wesley Girls i Cape Coast, kuva 1961 kugeza 1964<ref>https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/unpresssamples/375/</ref>. Amashuri yisumbuye, yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya Gana, muri Legon aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts mu Cyongereza ndetse yandika n'ikinamico ye ya mbere yise ''“Dilemma of Ghost”'', mu 1964. <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10410/Ama-Ata-Aidoo "Ama Ata Aidoo"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Ikinamico yasohowe na Longman umwaka wakurikiyeho, bituma Aidoo aba umukinnyi wa mbere w’amakinamico wo muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.18574/9781479822607-004/html</ref> == Filime == Niwe filime ya documentaire ya 2014, ''Ubuhanzi bwa Ama Ata Aidoo'', yakozwe na Yaba Badoe . <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Ama-Atta-Aidoo-127</ref> <ref>Beti Ellerson, [http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/yaba-badoe-talks-about-documentary-film.html "Yaba Badoe talks about the documentary film project 'The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo'"], African Women in Cinema, December 2013.</ref> <ref>Shakira Chambas and Sionne Neely, [http://www.awdf.org/the-art-of-ama-ata-aidoo-documentary-film-launch/ "The Art of AMA ATA AIDOO: Documentary Film Launch"], African Women’s Development Fund, 26 September 2014.</ref> == Inyandiko == Ikinamico ya Aidoo irimo ''The Dilemma of Ghost'', yakorewe i Legon mu 1964 (yatangajwe bwa mbere 1965) na Pittsburgh mu 1988, na ''Anowa'', yasohowe mu 1971 ikorerwa i Londres mu 1991<ref>https://www.kweli.tv/programs/the-art-of-ama-ata-aidoo?locale=en#:~:text=The%20Art%20of%20Ama%20Ata%20Aidoo%20explores%20the%20artistic%20contribution,fascinating%20insight%20into%20her%20life.</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] dthqudtszj02pkw8aae5shq7mg04iov 0 9329 80201 79890 2021-11-12T13:54:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Azali''''' ni film y'ikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] yasohotse 2018 iyobowe na Kwabena Gyansah<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/azali/</ref> . Yatoranijwe muri [[Gana]] muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga igaragara mu bihembo bya 92 Awards Academy, ariko ntabwo yatowe. Bwari ubwambere [[Gana|Ghana]] itanga firime nziza muri Oscar award<ref>https://afrocentriconline.ca/azali/</ref>. == Umugambi == Umukobwa ukiri muto, Amina, abana na nyina, nyirakuru na nyirarume mu mudugudu muto hanze ya Accra<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/kwabena-gyansah-azali/</ref>. Abaho ubuzima bwiza ariko burambiranye nyina yifuza kumubohora<ref>https://montrealblackfilm.com/en/movie/azali-fate-2/</ref>. Nyirakuru yifuriza Amina kurongora umusaza ukomoka mu mudugudu wabo<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/2020-oscars-ghana-selects-azali-international-feature-film-category-1241298/</ref>. Nyina wa Amina arigaragambya kandi agurisha Amina ku muntu atazi atizeye ka azabona ubuzima bwiza muri uyu mujyi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film908257.html</ref>. Mu rugendo rwe Amina ahura numusore nawe wagurishijwe akiri umusore kandi muburyo bumwe, aba inshuti ye yonyine<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/1128543</ref>. Bombi bahunze hamwe nitsinda rito ry'abana nabo bagurishijwe. Mugihe bombi batangiye imirimo itandukanye binyuze muri Accra bagerageza kubona ibyo bakomeza<ref>https://culturecustodian.com/ghanas-oscar-2020-entry-azali-is-coming-to-netflix-next-week/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Ama K. Abebrese nka Joan * Asana Alhassan nka Amina * Adjetey Anang nka Akatok * Akofa Edjeani Asiedu nka Rukaya * Emmanuel Nii Adom Quaye nka Quartey * Peter Ritchie nka Boss == Ibihembo == Iyi filime yatowe mu byiciro 15 muri [[Gana]] Movie Awards 2018. Yakiriye nomination 19 muri Golden Movie Awards 2019<ref>https://welovecinema.bnpparibas/mon-cinematcher/azali</ref>. <references /> [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] j1nuoduhdz43lx7tui3q9jrry5km3i8 0 9330 80203 80202 2021-11-12T14:48:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umugambi */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Boy Kumasenu''''' ni filime yasohotse muri 1952 yakorewe muri [[Gana]] n'abakozi ba firime yo mu [[Bwongereza]]<ref>http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/332</ref>. Yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Sean Graham uhereye ku nyandiko ya Graham na John Wyllie. Amanota yari Elisabeth Lutyens <ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02533952.2013.852826</ref>. Filime yamenyekanye kandi igira ingaruka mubuzima rusange bwabaturage. Yagaragaje ibimenyetso by'ejo hazaza byatumye bijyana no kurwanya ubukoloni n'impinduka mu mibereho mu bwigenge bushya bwa [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film312612.html</ref>. == Umusaruro == '''''The Boy Kumasenu''''' yari filime ya mbere yagaragaye yakozwe na Gold Coast Film Unit, yashakaga gukora film zombi zigisha kandi zitanga amakuru kugirango zikwirakwizwe muri [[Gana]] ndetse no mumahanga<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-boy-kumasenu/</ref>. Uyu muyobozi yari Sean Graham, wari umunyeshuri w’umwanditsi w’inyandiko John Grierson, nubwo Graham yahisemo gukora cyane mu mvugo ya sinema izwi. <ref>https://mubi.com/films/the-boy-kumasenu</ref> Umucuranzi Guy Warren yari umwe mu bakinnyi, yakinnye nka Yeboah<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=35262339X</ref>. Yafashwe amashusho mu 1950 na 1951 i [[Accra]], Kedze na Keta , hamwe nabakinnyi batabigize umwuga, ikorerwa i Londres.<ref>http://www.films101.com/16239.htm</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Gana]] mu 1952 ariko abayikoze bagize ikibazo cyo kuyikwirakwiza muri [[Gana]], kubera imyizerere y’uko Abanyafurika bakunda filime zo guhunga<ref>http://www.films101.com/16239.htm</ref>. Ariko, byaje kugaragara ko ikunzwe cyane. Yahawe impamyabumenyi n'Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Venice kandi ryerekanwe bwa mbere mu [[Bwongereza]] mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Edinburgh 1952; yerekanwe no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Berlin 1953. <ref>https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/8661/</ref> Yatorewe igihembo cya Filime y'Ubwongereza ya Filime ya Filime nziza mu 1953<ref>https://www.videodetective.com/movie/the-boy-kumasenu-109493</ref>. == Umugambi == Iyi filime ivuga amateka y’umuhungu witwa Kumasenu wimukiye mu mujyi wa [[Accra]] avuye mu mudugudu muto w’uburobyi, yatewe inkunga na mubyara we Agboh imigani ikabije y’ibitangaza byo mu mujyi. Ashonje<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/The_Boy_Kumasenu/43517033</ref>, yiba umugati afatwa n'abapolisi, ariko arokorwa na muganga n'umugore we basanga akora. Agboh agerageza kwiba Kumasenu muganga, ariko Kumasenu yanga imigambi ya mubyara we.<ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cinema-and-Highlife-in-the-Gold-Coast%3A-The-Boy-Sandon/2ef051719a5955a55edccb6fb542f6ba2020f3ee</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] b1p69z0ryb5x07sown365wtibd6nkwx 0 9331 80204 79894 2021-11-12T14:54:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Broken Mirror''' ni filimi yo muri [[Gana]] yasohotse muri 2014 ikozwe na Media 5 Studio Productions<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/broken_mirrors</ref>. James Gardiner, Fred Amugi, Jackie Appiah, Roselyn Ngissah, Mikki Osei Berko, Victoria Lebene Mekpah na Jasmine Baroudi ni abakinnyi bingenzi<ref>https://www.menemshafilms.com/broken-mirrors</ref>. Yanditswe na Pappa Deric kandi yakozwe na David Owusu hamwe na Mikki Osei Berko nk'umuyobozi. Ninkuru yumugore uhinda umushyitsi mugihe amahirwe y'umukunzi we ahindutse neza, nyuma yo kumuhagararaho mubihe bikomeye<ref>https://redcarpetcrash.com/movie-review-broken-mirrors/</ref>. == Umugambi == Thompson yakinnye na James Gardiner, ni umunyeshuri urangije kaminuza udafite akazi ufata ububaji kugira ngo abeho<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/527611-broken-mirror</ref>. Umukunzi we Priscilla ( Jackie Appiah ) yamuhaye inkunga y'amarangamutima ndetse n'amafaranga<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/527611-broken-mirror</ref>. Priscilla udakize kandi akora akazi ko kudoda, ahora ashimishwa na bagenzi be Evelyn (Roselyn Ngissah) na Angela (Victoria Lebene Mekpah) kubera urukundo rwe no gushyigikira byimazeyo Thompson<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/broken-mirror/</ref>. Kumwizera kumutsindira mugihe cyImana birakomeye kandi arabikora mugihe cy'umwaka.<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/final-broken-mirror/oclc/905919617</ref> Barashyingirwa, barishima kandi bategereje umwana wabo wambere, mugihe Thompson yakiriye amashusho yerekana Priscilla nundi mugabo<ref>https://www.bostonherald.com/2014/04/10/broken-mirror-horror-tale-oculus-shows-cracks/</ref>. Ibi bimuha kumva ko ariganya kandi biganisha ku gusenyuka. Evelyn amenyesha umukunzi we Priscilla mugihe runaka. Hari ukuntu yemera ko Priscilla yamwibye kandi niwe uri ku mashusho hamwe na we<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/10/broken-mirror.html</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jyxnaji8n2gj0bdvgms2cscp75hew9c 0 9332 80205 79896 2021-11-12T14:59:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Burial of Kojo''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] yasohotse 2018 yanditswe, yahimbwe kandi iyobowe na Blitz Bazawule<ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/the-burial-of-kojo-review-1203212131/</ref> . Yakozwe na Bazawule, Ama K. Abebrese na Kwaku Obeng Boateng, yafatiwe amashusho yose muri [[Gana]] ku ngengo yimari iciriritse, hamwe nabakozi baho ndetse nabakinnyi benshi ba mbere<ref>http://www.arraynow.com/the-burial-of-kojo</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga amateka ya Kojo, usigaye apfira mu kirombe cya zahabu cyatawe, mu gihe umukobwa we muto Esi yagendaga mu gihugu cy'umwuka kugira ngo amukize<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/28/movies/the-burial-of-kojo-review.html</ref><ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/555605-the-burial-of-kojo</ref>. Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi i New York ku ya 21 Nzeri 2018, mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Urban World<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-burial-of-kojo/</ref><ref>https://whatsnewonnetflix.com/usa/1568569/the-burial-of-kojo-2018</ref>, aho ryamenyekanye nk'Imvugo Nziza (Sinema y'Isi). Iyi filime yakiriye ibihembo icyenda mu bihembo bya 15 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards kandi yatsindiye bibiri, harimo Filime Nziza Yambere Yakozwe n'Umuyobozi<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/the-burial-of-kojo-reviewed-a-boldly-lyrical-portrait-of-a-young-ghanaian-girl</ref>. CYatanzwe na ARRAY kandi yasohotse kuri serivise ya Netflix ku ya 31 Werurwe 2019, ibaye filime ya mbere yo muri [[Gana]] yerekanwe bwa mbere mu bihugu byatoranijwe ku isi, kuri Netflix<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/the-burial-of-kojo-is-a-stunning-directorial-debut-for-a-musician-turned-filmmaker/2019/04/09/9d0236ba-56e7-11e9-9136-f8e636f1f6df_story.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film983881.html</ref> == * Cynthia Dankwa nka Esi * Ama K. Abebrese nkumusaza Esi (abavuga) * Joseph Otsiman nka Kojo, se wa Esi * Mamley Djangmah nka Ama, nyina wa Esi * Kobina Amissah-Sam nka Kwabena, murumuna wa Kojo * Henry Adofo nka Apalu * Joyce Anima Misa Amoah nka Nana, nyirakuru wa Esi * Brian Angels nka Serija Asare * Joe Addo nkumushakashatsi Koomson * Emanuel Nerttey nkumusore Kojo * Edward Dankwa nkumusore Kwabena * Zalfa Odonkor nka Adwoa === Ibihembo<ref>https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-burial-of-kojo</ref> === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Umuhango ! Icyiciro ! Inyandiko |- | 2018 | Ibirori bya firime ya Urbanworld | Ikiranga Ibyiza Byerekana (Sinema Yisi) | |- | 2019 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime Nyafurika | Ikiranga Ibyiza | |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] gyfc46sbvv43g2c0gk3v5rl04s9dqgl 0 9333 80206 79900 2021-11-12T15:03:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Coz Ov Moni 2 ( FOKN) -'''''lni film y'umuziki wa [[Gana]] yasohotse 2013 yakozwe na FOKN BOIS kandi iyobowe n'umukinnyi wamafirime wigenga wo muri [[Gana]] King Luu. Filime numuziki uvugwa byose ni mucyongereza cya Pidgin , ariko subtitles zirerekanwa.<ref>https://foknbois.bandcamp.com/album/coz-ov-moni-2-fokn-revenge-o-s</ref><ref>https://fantasticfest.com/films/coz-ov-moni-2</ref> ni filime yamenyekanye cyane muri Gana kuko ikurura abakunzi bumuziki ndetse na filimi<ref>https://nwfilm.org/films/coz-ov-moni-2-fokn-revenge/</ref>.<ref>https://www.rockol.com/uk/album-19275959/Fokn-Bois-Coz-Ov-Moni-2-(Fokn-Revenge)-O.S</ref> == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Gana]] ku ya 23 Ukuboza 2013 mu nzu mberabyombi ya [[Gana]] i [[Accra]], yerekanwe muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 i Cantina Royale mu mujyi wa New York ndetse no mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] ku ya 24 Nzeri 2014 i Hackney Attic i Londres <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/uk/film554027.html</ref><ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/coz-ov-moni-2-fokn-revenge-o.s/zEtv5-bKT40_</ref>. Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru itandukanye ya firime, harimo iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya [[Afurika]] ( Tinapa ), iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Durban (Durban), Norient Musikfilm Festival ( Bern ) na Fantastic Fest ( Austin )<ref>https://www.discogs.com/FOKN-BOIS-Coz-Ov-Moni-2-FOKN-Revenge-Original-Soundtrack/release/5354219</ref><ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/fokn-bois-coz-ov-moni-2-fokn-revenge/</ref>. Nyuma yaje gusohoka kuri DVD, hamwe no gukuramo ubuntu kuri Soundtrack kuri buri kopi yaguzwe ya firime.<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/album?id=c5d952a863</ref><ref>https://norient.com/stories/fokn-bois?special=159</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] m88ipgbr5oayvfqxpumjnkd8qqqcwt0 0 9334 80207 79902 2021-11-12T15:10:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Cursed Ones''''' ni filime yo mu Bwongereza ya 2015 yayobowe na Nana Obiri Yeboah ikorwa na Nicholas K. Lory<ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/the-cursed-ones/</ref> . Amashusho yumwimerere yanditswe na Maximilian Claussen <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-cursed-ones/</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga amateka y’umunyamakuru wacitse intege ndetse n’umupasitori ukiri muto ufite ibitekerezo<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film387730.html</ref>, urwanira kubohora umukobwa uregwa ubupfumu mu maboko ya gahunda yononekaye n’imiziririzo hagati muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/401010-the-cursed-ones</ref> . Filime yahawe ibihembo 3 bya African Movie Academy Awards mu 2016 ''kubuyobozi bwiza'', ''Sinema nziza'', hamwe nubushakashatsi ''bwiza''<ref>https://mcutimes.com/Movies/titles/27357/the-cursed-ones</ref> . Yatowe mu bihembo 13 bya AMAA byose hamwe, bituma iba filime yatowe kurusha izindi mu 2016. <ref>https://www.mandy.com/aa/films/the-cursed-ones</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Oris Erhuero nka Godwin Ezeudu * Jimmy Jean-Louis nka Paladin * Ama K. Abebrese nka Chinue * Joseph Otsiman nka Pasiteri John Moses * Ophelia Dzidzornu nka Asabi * Fred Amugi nka Pasiteri Uchebo * David Dontoh nka Bartender * Rama Brew nkumusaza wumudugudu * Akofa Edjeani Asiedu == Umusaruro == Filime yafatiwe ahantu hose muri [[Gana]] . Abenshi muri iyo filime bakorewe mu mudugudu umwe wo mu karere k'iburasirazuba bwa [[Gana]].<ref>https://www.csfd.cz/film/79828-the-cursed-ones/recenze/</ref><ref>https://flixpremiere.com/film/the-cursed-ones</ref> == Kurekura == '''''The Cursed Ones''''' berekanwe kuri Hackney Picturehouse i Londere mu [[Bwongereza]] mu rwego rwo gutoranya ku mugaragaro iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Afurika ryitwa Royal African Society<ref>https://www.mymoviepicker.com/film/the-cursed-ones-184011.htm</ref>. Mu 2016 film kandi screened mu marushanwa ya Pan African Film Festival i Los Angeles, muri Atlanta Film Festival, ku Helsinki African Film Festival, 27 ngarukamwaka Emden International Film Festival<ref>https://www.mymoviepicker.com/film/the-cursed-ones-184011.htm</ref>, na New York Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika mu kigo cya Lincoln gishinzwe ubuhanzi aho cyatanzwe na Human Rights Watch<ref>https://www.bbwright.com/the-cursed-ones</ref> <ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/1113781</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] n0qp6ibcjvw1rbsakpsy4u7vhdrqbsl 0 9335 80208 79904 2021-11-12T15:14:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Da Yie''''' (izwi kandi ku izina ry'icyongereza '''''Good Night''''' ) ni filime ngufi yasohotse muri 2019 iyobowe na Anthony Nti<ref>http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?&m=236&c=3&id_film=200089608&o=89&retour=1</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/films/good-night-2019</ref>. Muri 2020, yatsindiye iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Clermont-Ferrand kandi yari mu bahatanira ibihembo bya BAFTA Los Angeles Awards<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/da-yie-anthony-nti-interview/</ref>.<ref>https://www.theafricareport.com/66664/ghanaian-film-da-yie-reminds-us-to-hold-onto-that-innocence-in-childhood/</ref> ''Filime Da Yie'' yakozwe na Anthony Nti, Chingiz Karibekov na Dimitri Verbeek, ikwirakwizwa ku isi yose na sosiyete mpuzamahanga yo gutunganya no gukwirakwiza filimi Salaud Morisset<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/da-yie</ref><ref>https://filmmoon.com/movie/2227/da-yie</ref>. == Umugambi == Umusore Matilda na Prince bajyanwa murugendo ruhindura ubuzima numuntu utazwi<ref>https://www.shortshorts.org/2020/prg/en/1517</ref>.<ref>https://festivalregard.com/film/da-yie?locale=en</ref>. == Ibihembo == Kuva yatangizwa, iyi filime yatoranijwe mu minsi mikuru irenga 130 ku isi. Muri Gashyantare 2021<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film985155.html</ref>, yakoze urutonde rwibikorwa bya firime ngufi ya Live ibihembo bya 93 bya Academy<ref>https://www.pjclaessens.com/da-yie</ref> .<ref>https://www.workingtitlefilmfestival.it/en/wtff5/da-yie/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Umunsi mukuru ! Igihembo / Icyiciro |- | rowspan="1" | 2019 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Igihembo cy'abateze amatwi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Clermont-Ferrand | Grand Prix |- | 2020 | Imikindo Amasoko Mpuzamahanga | Umunyeshuri mwiza mpuzamahanga mugufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime BFI London | Filime ngufi nziza |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya La Guarimba | Filime ngufi nziza cyane |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime ryigenga rya Princeton | Igihembo kinini cy'abacamanza |- | 2020 | Galway Film Fleadh | Ibihimbano mpuzamahanga bigufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Asiana | Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga |- | 2020 | GSA BAFTA Ibihembo bya Filime yabanyeshuri | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyiza |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Telluride | Ibyiringiro Byinshi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Friborg | Umwihariko |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Melbourne | Igihembo kinini - Filime ngufi nziza |- | 2020 | Guhura na Festival | Muri make Guhura na Prix Grand |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Calgary | Igikorwa Cyiza Cyiza cya Filime ngufi |- | 2020 | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Tirana | Filime nziza y'abanyeshuri |- | 2020 | Indy Shorts Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Igihembo kinini - Amagambo meza yo kuvuga inkuru ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] lytb7b5opdg78az1zywfvbikrz0m20q 0 9336 80209 79906 2021-11-12T15:27:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Drexciya''''' ni filimi yo muri [[Gana]] yasohotse 2010 akaba documentary film ntoya yayoboye na Akosua Adoma Owusu afatanije na California Institute wa Arts (CalArts)<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/535764-drexciya</ref><ref>http://www.africine.org/index.php/film/drexciya/18977</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu ikinamico mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi Rotterdam 2011 kandi yitabira ''Video ya Changing Same'' mu nzu ndangamurage ya Studio i Harlem, muri New York<ref>https://www.criterionchannel.com/videos/drexciya</ref> <ref>https://mcutimes.com/Movies/titles/291484/drexciya</ref>. == Inyandiko == ''Drexciya'' yerekana ikigo cyo koga rusange cyatawe giherereye i Accra, muri [[Gana]] cyashyizwe kuri Riviera. Riviera icyarimwe yari iterambere ridasanzwe<ref>https://alchetron.com/Drexciya-(film)</ref>, rigizwe nizamuka ryiza cyane hamwe na hoteri yinyenyeri eshanu. Kuva mu myaka ya za 70, Riviera yaguye mubihe bidasanzwe<ref>https://whitney.org/collection/works/44082</ref>. Iyi documentaire ngufi yahumetswe n imigani ya afro-futurist yakwirakwijwe nitsinda rya Drexciya ryitwa Detroit<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Drexciya-2010-633600/posters</ref>. Bavuga ko Drexciya ari umugani w’amazi utuwe n’abana bataravuka b’abagore b’abanyafrika bajugunywe mu nyanja mu gihe cy’ubucuruzi bw’abacakara ba Trans-Atlantike<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259733921_Commentary_Haunting_in_Akosua_Adoma_Owusu's_Short_Experimental_Films</ref>. Aba bana bamenyereye kandi bahinduka kugirango bahumeke mumazi<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/black-film-the-future-weird-black-atlantis-akosua-owusu-drexciya-simon-rittmeier/</ref>.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/akosua-adoma-owusu/</ref> == Ibihembo == * Filime Nziza Nziza - Guanajuato Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime 2011 * Mención Especial al Cortometraje, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 8 nyafurika, Tarifa 2011 * Filime 10 za mbere zo [[Afurika|muri Afurika zo]] muri 2011 * Igihembo cya Juror - Igihembo cya Black Maria Film & Video Festival 2011 * Kamera ku zuba == references == [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] 0yauun8tlayemm4zomingx7tswqg2rz 0 9337 80210 79908 2021-11-12T16:15:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fix Us''' ni firime yo muri [[Gana]] ya 2019 yakozwe na Yvonne Nelson kandi iyobowe na Pascal Amanfo. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Gana Movie Awards<ref>https://www.broadcastprome.com/news/netflix-streams-ghanian-film-fix-us/</ref> . == Umugambi == Abakobwa batatu bakiri bato bafite icyifuzo cyo kuba superstars bahurira ahakorerwa igenzura aho bari bafite inzozi zisa<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/12/coming-soon-fix-us.html</ref>, babaye inshuti hanyuma nyuma ubuzima bwabo bwarose ariko bumva ko hari ikintu kibuze mubuzima bwabo nyuma yo kugera ku bwamamare n'ubutunzi<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/yvonne-nelson-s-movie-fix-us-to-stream-on-netflix.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Yvonne Nelson * Yvonne Okoro * Alexandra Amon * Umuganwa David Osei * Michelle Attoh * Jessica Williams * Belinda Dzattah * Mona Montrage (Hajia4Real), * Irene Logan * Mofe Duncan * Tobi Bakre == Umusaruro == Abakinnyi benshi b'Abanyafurika bamenyekanye ko bakinnye muri iyi filime, barimo Yvonne Okoro, igikomangoma David Osei, na Michelle Attoh<ref>https://www.filmoneng.com/fix-us/</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu gukina imbuga nkoranyambaga Hajia4real n'umucuranzi Irene Logan<ref>https://www.ghbase.com/yvonne-nelsons-fix-us-movie-to-premiere-on-netflix/</ref>. == Kurekura == ''Fix Us'' yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Gana]] ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019 mu nzu mberabyombi ya Silverbird i [[Accra]], nyuma yerekanwa muri [[Gana]] ndetse no mu tundi turere twa [[Afurika]]. Muri 2020 firime yerekanwe kuri Netflix<ref>https://www.elle.ci/people-lifestyle/culture/netflix-fix-us-le-film-de-yvonne-nelson-avec-yvonne-okoro-et-alexandra-amon-enfin-disponible/</ref>. == Kwakira == Pulse Nigeria yashyize ahagaragara ''Fix Us'' nk'imwe muri filime nshya nziza zo muri [[Gana]] z'umwaka, aho ikinyamakuru ''Glitz Africa'' kivuga ko yakiriwe neza nyuma yo gusohoka<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yvonne-Nelson-hits-big-with-Fix-Us-Friday-opening-808747</ref>. Amakuru ya Kemi Filani yanenze iyi filime, avuga ko ikubiyemo "gukina nabi, kuvuga inkuru ziteye isoni, gukomeza kubaho nabi, gutura ahantu hamwe n'ibibazo byinshi bibabaza<ref>https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2020.306125</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00035346.html</ref>." == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] ssik1fhlswquamxc3utj788yrhyh41b 0 9338 80211 79910 2021-11-12T16:23:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Heart of Men''''' (Yongeye gusubizwa muri Nollywood nka '''forbidden fruits''' na Henrikesim Multimedia Concept for International distribution) <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/05/heart-of-men.html</ref>ni filime ishimishije yo muri [[Gana]] no muri [[Nijeriya]] yo mu 2009 yakozwe & iyobowe na Frank Rajah Arase, ikinwamo na Majid Michel, John Dumelo, igikomangoma David Osei na Yvonne Nelson<ref>https://video.onlinenigeria.com/Romance/?blurb=4905</ref> <ref>http://www.ghanamovies.org/the-heart-of-men-nollywood-ghallywood-movie/</ref>. Yakiriye nomination eshanu muri Awards ya 6 ya Afrika Movie Academy Awards <ref>https://www.livingordead.com/content/person/yvonne-nelson</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://m.dailymovieshub.com/s/yvonne-nelson-heart-of-men/</ref> == * ''Majid Michel nka Richie'' * ''John Dumelo nka Kay'' * ''Umuganwa David Osei nka Ray'' * ''Yvonne Nelson nka Tracy'' * ''Marita Ankoma nka Diana'' * ''Kofi Adjorlolo nka Bernard'' * ''Gavivina Tamakloe nk'umuyobozi'' * ''Nadia Buari nka Sylvia'' * ''Luckie Lawson nka Alicie'' * ''Jackie Appiya nka Whitney'' * ''Jackie Appiya nka Adline'' == Kwakira == Muri rusange iyi filime yanenzwe guteza imbere ubwambure muri firime no kumenyekanisha amashusho yoroheje kuri [[Nigeriya]] na [[Gana]] yo mu rugo<ref>https://tugamedia.com/heart-of-men-african-movies-nigerian-movies-latest-nigerian-moviefamily-movies/</ref>. Yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'inyenyeri 3 kuri 5 kuri Nollywood Reinvented yashimye ubuziranenge, imiterere n'amanota ya muzika, ariko ugasanga umugambi utoroshye kandi amashusho yimibonano mpuzabitsina yarenze<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/343462/new-ghanaian-movie-heart-men/3</ref>.<ref>https://www.naijapals.com/nigerian-movies/Heart_Of_Men</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ez5fqr7ldh2fs3qggtkelb6hw4a2wrh 0 9339 80212 79912 2021-11-12T16:31:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''House of Gold''''' (yasohotse nka '''''Family Runs''''' kuri DVD) ni filime yo gusetsa yo muri [[Gana]] yo muri [[Nijeriya]] 2013<ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/368802656955361204/</ref>, yakozwe na Yvonne Nelson ikayoborwa na Pascal Amanfo. Irimo Majid Michel, Yvonne Nelson, Omawumi Megbele, Mercy Chinwo, Ice Prince Zamani, Eddie Watson na Francis Odega <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/07/house-of-gold.html</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga amateka y’umucuruzi w’umucuruzi ukunda gusabana , Dan Ansah Williams upfa azize kanseri kandi yabwiwe ko asigaje ibyumweru bitandatu ngo abeho<ref>https://alchetron.com/House-of-Gold-(film)</ref>. Afata icyemezo abifashijwemo n’avoka we guhamagara abana be bose basubira mu rugo<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/527109-house-of-gold</ref>, abenshi muri bo bakaba baravutse batashyingiranywe ndetse n’ibintu bitandukanye bitemewe. Ubumwe bwongeye kuzunguruka ibintu byinshi bitunguranye nkuko buri mwana agarutse afite gahunda, itanga ibisubizo bisekeje<ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/848ad27c54aa95f89dc5a32ab2b14f96</ref>. Yasohotse ku ya 12 Mata 2013 muri [[Gana]] no ku ya 19 Nyakanga 2013 muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://nlist.ng/title/house-of-gold-29/credits/</ref>. Nubwo iyi filime yagiye ihura n’ibitekerezo bitari byiza, yakiriye ibihembo muri Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards 2013, 2013 Gana Movie Awards, 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards na 2013 Zulu African Film Academy Awards<ref>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com/review-house-of-gold-movie-trailer/</ref> . Yatsindiye ibihembo bitandatu kuri icya nyuma, harimo ibyiciro: "Ishusho nziza", "Umuyobozi mwiza", "Umukinnyi witwaye neza", "Umukinnyi witwaye neza" na "Sinema nziza"<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ice-Prince-s-Aboki-song-chosen-as-soundtrack-for-House-of-Gold-Movie-269612</ref>.<ref>https://www.reviewnaija.com/reviews/house-of-gold-2013-movie-review/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Majid Michel nka Freddie Dan Ansah * Yvonne Nelson nka Timara Dan Ansah * Omawumi Megbele nka Nina Dan Ansah * Umar Krupp nka Peter Dan Ansah * Eddie Watson nka Sam * Francis Odega nka John Bosco * Luckie Lawson nka Mitchel Dan Ansah * Amanorbea Dodoo nka Barrister Paula * Impuhwe Chinwo nka Lucia * Ice Prince Zamani nka Tony * Inzozi Debo nka Yuda * Marlon Mave nka Jamal Dan Ansah * Emefal Atse nka Jasmine * Pascal Amanfo nka Clifford Dan Ansah == Kurekura == Inzu yamamaza ''Inzu ya Zahabu'' yasohotse kuri YouTube ku ya 4 Werurwe 2013.<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/24160/yvonne-nelsons-house-of-gold-shakes-nigerian-cine.html</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Gana]] ku ya 12 Mata 2013 no muri [[Nijeriya]] ku ya 19 Nyakanga 2013, mbere yo kujya ahagaragara muri rusange muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://ogefash.reviews/movie-review-chief-daddy-a-copied-plot-from-yvonne-nelson-and-pascal-amanfos-house-of-gold/</ref>. Yasohotse kuri DVD ifite umutwe wa ''Family Runs'' mu Gushyingo 2013 na Henrikesim Multimedia Concept<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/bn-exclusive-coming-soon-to-the-big-screen-ice-prince-omawumi-majid-michel-mercy-chinwo-eddie-watson-star-in-yvonne-nelsons-movie-house-of-gold-your-behind-the-scenes-look-scoop/</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] j1tr39upjsbh2zhqreqb0cf0eybg1ej 0 9340 80214 80213 2021-11-12T16:40:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* references */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''I Told You So''''' ni firime yo muri Gana yo mu 1970<ref>https://tugamedia.com/i-told-you-so-first-ever-ghanaian-movie-lady-in-80s/</ref>. Filime yerekana abanya [[Gana]] nuburyo bwabo bwo kubaho muburyo bwo gusebanya<ref>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com/i-told-you-so-ghanaian-film-noir/</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/fr/films/i-told-you-so</ref>. Iratanga kandi ubushishozi mubuzima bw'umukobwa ukiri muto utakiriye inama za se mugihe agiye kurongora umugabo<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/i-told-you-so-to-play-at-conference-centre.html</ref>, ntacyo yari azi kumugabo agiye kurongora, ahubwo yakiriye inama za nyina na nyirarume kuko agendera k'ubutunzi n'imbaraga umugabo afite<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/I_Told_You_So_(film)</ref>. Uyu mukobwa ukiri muto yaje kumenya ko umugabo agomba kurongora yari igisambo cyitwaje imbunda<ref>https://www.newday.com/film/i-told-you-so</ref> . Ntiyishimiye ibyabaye byose. Papa abajije uko byagenze, asubiza ko umugabo yagombaga kurongora ari umujura witwaje imbunda; ise yarangije avuga ati "Nakubwiye gutya"<ref>http://ghanarising.blogspot.com/2013/06/classic-ghanaian-film-i-told-you-so.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065873/</ref> == * Bobe Cole * Margret Quainoo (Ikimenyetso cya Araba) * Kweku Crankson (Osuo Abrobor) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] reb2epug0vqp95vvn7kq7m3r8x3k17p 0 9341 80215 79916 2021-11-12T16:55:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''John na John''''' ni [[Gana|firime yo muri Gana]] igaragaramo inshuti ebyiri bombi bitwaga John<ref>https://bg.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/58456860/actors</ref>. John umwe yashutse umugabo amugurisha zahabu mpimbano. Inshuti zombi zarimo zihunga n'amafaranga, ariko imodoka yabo yagenze nabi barara mu nzu y'abashyitsi<ref>https://viewghana.com/film-review-john-and-john-movie/</ref>. Igihe bakuraga amafaranga mu gikapu cyabo, yaguye hasi itera impungenge mu bashyitsi ndetse n'abakozi muri hoteri aho abantu bose bashakaga kwiba amafaranga<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/movie-review-john-john-imitation-vrs-creativity/</ref> Igishimishije, iyi filime niyo yagurishije cyane kurenza uko babikekaga, ariko yanze kwemerwa muri Afrika yepfo kuko hasohotse yo indi bisa yitwa Skeem yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Tim Greene mumwaka wa 2011<ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/john-and-john-movie-south-african-movie-director-accuses-kofi-asamoah-of-plaigiarism/njndezj</ref>. Muri 2017 abanyamakuru ba Ghanain begereye Greene kugira ngo barebe ibyo Asamoah avuga ko yahawe uruhushya rwo guhuza iyo filimi<ref>https://answersafrica.com/20-best-ghanaian-movies-every-ghallywood-fan-should-watch.html</ref>, ariko we akaba atari ayifite. Asamoah yemeye kugura uburenganzira bwo gusubiramo, ariko ntiyigeze akurikiza amasezerano<ref>https://filmlinkafrica.com/en/2018/06/15/african-actors-ghanaian-john-dumelo-majid-michel-and-van-vicker/</ref>. Nta kirego cyemewe n'amategeko, kubera ko ikiguzi cyo gukurikirana urubanza rw'umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge kirega Asamoah kitari kuba ingirakamaro<ref>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com/watch-ghana-movies/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201704/312091.php</ref> == * ''Kwadwo Nkansah (Liwin)'' * ''Richard Asante (Kalybos)'' * ''Pete Edochie'' * ''Nana Ama Mcbrown'' * ''Joselyn Dumas'' * ''KSM'' * ''Patricia Opoku-Agyemang (Ahuofe Patri)'' * ''Musenyeri Bernard Nyarko'' * ''Selly Galley'' * ''Salma Mumin'' * ''John Dumelo'' * ''Abeiku Santana'' * ''Gracey Nortey'' * ''Grace Omaboe'' * ''Moesha Buduong'' * ''Fella Makafui'' * ''Roselyn Ngissah'' * ''James Gardiner'' * ''Umar Krupp'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7i62h3648j805olh05m1voqxvnhjjnt 0 9342 80216 79918 2021-11-12T17:09:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kwaku Ananse''''' ni film ngufi ya 2013 iyobowe na Akosua Adoma Owusu<ref>https://www.kweli.tv/programs/kwaku-ananse?locale=en</ref> . Filime ngufi ikomatanya ibintu byigice cya autobiographical hamwe numugani wa Kwaku Ananse, umunyamayeri mu nkuru zo muri [[Afrika]] yuburengerazuba na Karayibe bigaragara nkigitagangurirwa numugabo<ref>https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/kwaku-ananse-film</ref>. Umugani wa Kwaku Ananse uhujwe ninkuru y'umusore wo hanze witwa Nyan Koronhwea, witabiriye gushyingura se<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/kwaku-ananse/</ref>. Mu gihe cyo gushyingura, yasubiye mu ishyamba ashakisha se. Iyi filime yakinnye n'umucuranzi w'icyamamare Koo Nimo n'umukinnyi w'amafirime w'inararibonye Grace Omaboe<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film411949.html</ref> . Amashusho yanditswe hamwe n’umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Pakisitani n’umunyamerika akaba na rwiyemezamirimo Iram Parveen Bilal<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2015/06/interview-akosua-adoma-owusus-kwaku-ananse-at-the-institute-of-contemporary-art-philadelphia-153842/</ref> . Iyi nyandiko yandikiwe MaameYaa Boafo, umunyamerika wavukiye muri Pakisitani wavukiye muri [[Gana]], wahoze ari umukinnyi wa mbere nka Nyan Koronhwea<ref>https://www.timeout.com/accra/film/film-kwaku-ananse</ref>. Ariko, itsinda ryababyaye mumujyi wa New York amaherezo ryafashe umwanzuro wo gusubiramo imico mugihe cyabanjirije umusaruro hamwe na Jojo Abot, umuhanzi ukomoka muri [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.gubaawards.co.uk/2013/02/akosua-adoma-owusu-tells-a-modern-day-kwaku-ananse-story/</ref>. == Inyandiko == Dushingiye ku migani ikungahaye yo muri [[Gana]], iyi filime ngufi y’ubumaji ihuza ibintu byanditswe mu buzima bwa Owusu n’imigenzo ya rubanda kugira ngo ivuga amateka y’umukobwa ukiri muto w’umunyamerika wagarutse muri [[Afurika]] y’iburengerazuba gushyingura se, ariko akavumbura umwirondoro we wihishe kabiri<ref>http://www.africine.org/film/kwaku-ananse/14691</ref>. Kwaku Ananse ni umugani gakondo wo muri [[Afrika]] y'uburengerazuba kubyerekeye ikiremwa kigizwe numuntu nigitagangurirwa, kimara imyaka ikusanya ubwenge bwose bwisi mumasafuriya y'imbaho. Mugihe agerageza guhisha inkono mugiti, ntashobora kubona uburyo bwo kuyishyira hejuru mumashami yacyo<ref>https://www.artforum.com/picks/akosua-adoma-owusu-56161</ref>. Iyo umuhungu we muto, Ntikuma amweretse inzira, Kwaku Ananse ararakara cyane, ajugunya inkono hasi. Iraturika kandi ubwenge burashira. Umuntu wese arihuta, yizeye gukiza ibyo ashoboye<ref>https://www.tabakalera.eus/en/akosua-adoma-owusu-0</ref>. Nyan Koronhwea asubira kwa se Kwaku Ananse wavukiye muri [[Gana]] kumuhamba. Bari barabuze umubano hagati yabo kera. Yatandukanye ibyiyumvo by'ubuzima bwa se n'umuryango umwe muri [[Gana]] undi muri [[Amerika]]. Yarengewe n’ishyingurwa, asubira mu isi y’umwuka ashakisha Kwaku Ananse<ref>https://alchetron.com/Kwaku-Ananse-(film)</ref>. == Ibihembo == ''Kwaku Ananse'' yatorewe kuba Golden Bear mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Berlin kandi yegukana igihembo cyiza cya Filime ngufi mu bihembo bya 9 bya Afurika Movie Academy Academy Awards . Iyi filime kandi yakiriye abacamanza badasanzwe mu Ishyirahamwe Cinémas et Cultures d'Afrique 2015 i Angers, mu Bufaransa<ref>https://freshartinternational.com/2016/01/29/fresh-talk-akosua-adoma-owusu/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 160lo6zo1ateej5cahe7dykk0ycsxlh 0 9343 80217 79920 2021-11-12T17:23:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Love or Something Like That''''' ni film yo muri [[Gana]] no muri [[Nigeriya]] yasohotse muri 2014 iyobowe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/05/love-or-something-like-that.html</ref>. Irimo John Dumelo, Joselyn Dumas na OC Ukeje . Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere i Londres ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2014 muri Odeon Sinema. Yakiriye nomination ebyiri muri 11 ya Afrika Movie Academy Awards<ref>https://www.binged.com/streaming-premiere-dates/love-or-something-like-that-movie-streaming-online-watch/</ref> . == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.timeout.com/accra/film/love-or-something-like-that-2014</ref> == * John Dumelo nka Alex Walker * Joselyn Dumas nka Kwarley Mettle * OC Ukeje nka Henry Dominic * Nana Mensah nka Asantewaa * Christabel Ekeh nka Sonia * Eckow Smith-Asante nka psychologue == Umugambi == Filime ivuga inkuru ivuga ku bashakanye bashya no kurangaza bahuye nako mukazi nyuma gato y'ubukwe. Kwarley Mettle ( Joselyn Dumas ) yaryamanye n'umukunzi we, Henry Dominic ( OC Ukeje ) atabishaka, imyaka ibiri mbere yo gushaka<ref>https://ynaija.com/movie-review-love-something-like-makes-effort-doesnt-completely-fly/</ref>. Ibi byatumye asaba ko umugabo we, Alex Walker ( John Dumelo ) yakoresheje uburinzi igihe cyose baryamanye<ref>https://nollywoodobserver.wordpress.com/2016/09/05/movie-review-love-or-something-like-that/</ref>. Henry na Kwarley bongeye guhura nyuma yo kwinjira mu bitaro bye kwivuza<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/love-or-something-like-that/</ref>. Henry amaze kumenya uwahoze ari umukunzi we, yahise ava mu bitaro atamuvugishije. Kwarley yagiye muri dosiye ye y'abarwayi, kugira ngo arebe ko arwaye kanseri na AID. Yabonye aho atuye hanyuma amusura. Agezeyo, amubwira ibyamutengushye<ref>https://metro.co.uk/tag/love-or-something-like-it/</ref>. == Kwakira == Iyi filime yabonye ibitekerezo bibi kuri 360nobs.com, yashushanyije isano iri hagati ya film na ''Tango with Me'', indi film iyobowe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso <ref>https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/04/27/thoughts-shirley-frimpong-mansos-new-movie-love-something-like-failed-successful-attempt-telling-hivaids-story/</ref>. Yagaragaje ko muri filime zombi, abashakanye bibagora gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina kubera ikibazo cyo gufata ku ngufu. Yagaragaje kandi ibibazo bidasanzwe byo gushyingiranwa nk'ingaruka muri filime zombi<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201506230082.html</ref>. ''Tango hamwe Nanjye'' Urukundo cyangwa Ikintu nkicyo byombi byarangiye abagabo bumva bafite icyaha cyo kutita cyane kubo bashakanye<ref>http://cypressgh.blogspot.com/2014/12/shirley-frimpong-mansos-film-love-or.html</ref>. Byongeye kandi, Devil in Details indi filime yakozwe nuyu muyobozi, yagaragajwe nkufite ibiganiro nka firime mugihe cyo kugisha inama abashakanye. Yanenze kandi Kwarley kuba yarakubiswe nyuma yo kubona Henry bwa mbere nubwo afite dosiye ku meza ye<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/joselyn-dumas-is-in-love-with-oc-ukeje-john-dumelo-in-love-or-something-like-that-watch-the-trailer/</ref>. Hanyuma, iyi filime yasobanuwe ko ifite ishingiro ridakwiriye kubera ko ubu ari ibisanzwe ko abashakanye bipimisha virusi itera sida mbere yo gushyingirwa mu nsengero, tutibagiwe ko umugeni yari umuganga<ref>https://fmovie.watch/movie/love-or-something-like-that</ref>. <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] kr63lzopmtdgq8juk1ghiifixdwa9qx 0 9344 80218 79922 2021-11-12T17:31:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Nakom''''' ni filime yikinamico yakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016 iyobowe na Kelly Daniela Norris na TW Pittman <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/02/movies/nakom-review.html</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 66 rya Berlin mu gice cya Panorama kandi yatumiriwe kuzerekanwa bwa mbere muri [[Amerika]] y'Amajyaruguru mu iserukiramuco rya new diroctorss i New York<ref>https://www.filmmovement.com/product/nakom</ref>. == Umugambi == ''Nakom'' inkuru yimbitse yaturutse mu majyaruguru ya [[Gana]], Nakom akurikira Iddrisu, umunyeshuri w’ubuvuzi ufite ubuhanga ugomba gusubira mu mudugudu w'iwabo nyuma y'urupfu rutunguranye rwa se maze agaharanira ko umuryango we ubaho.<ref>http://corinthfilms.com/films/nakom/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.grandcinema.com/films/nakom/</ref> == * Jacob Ayanaba nka Iddrisu Awinzor * Grace Ayariga nka Damata * Justina Kulidu nkumubyeyi mukuru * Shetu Musah nkumubyeyi muto * Abdul Aziz nka Kamal * Esther Issaka nka Fatima * James Azure nk'umuyobozi wa Nakom ''Nakom'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Audience Choice mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 37 rya Durban <ref>https://www.widemanagement.com/nakom-1</ref>. Yatorewe igihembo cyiza cya mbere cyiza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 66 rya Berlin<ref>https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/03/01/ghanaian-drama-nakom-finds-a-med-student-torn-between-his-village-and-the-city/</ref>. Mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Seattle, ryatowe mu marushanwa y'abayobozi bashya<ref>https://filmmakermagazine.com/97509-filming-during-malaria-season-kelly-daniela-norris-and-t-w-pittman-on-nakom/</ref>. Yatorewe igihembo cyigenga cyigenga cya 2016 John Cassavetes<ref>https://www.definitions.net/definition/nakom</ref> == references. == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] gab9zpg8q2c8xh1bvsw6yiqymkeu4pa 0 9345 80219 79925 2021-11-12T17:35:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Nana Means King''''' ni [[Gana|film yo muri Gana ya]] 2015 iyobowe kandi yakozwe na Nana Obiri Yeboah, ni firime yakunzwe cyane muri [[Gana]] ndetse no ku isi yose muri rusange<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3345078/</ref> . == Umugambi == Nana Kwame, umwimukira utemewe n'amategeko wo muri [[Gana]] ukorera mu [[Bwongereza]] wabuze byose kubera ubuhemu,<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nana-means-king</ref> asanga yatangiriye kuri odyssey ku giti cye cyo kwivumbura. Yambuwe ibintu hafi ya byose<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/33474/nana-means-king-featuring-prince-david-osei-to.html</ref> , aho atuye, ndetse n'icyubahiro, agomba kubona inzira anyuze mu butaka butamenyerewe bw'abimuwe kandi batagaragara<ref>https://www.afrikive.com/titles/68/nana-means-king</ref>. Ni muri iyi saha y'umwijima, ku batishoboye cyane<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Nana-Means-King-to-be-premiered-on-Nov-14-382644?gallery=1</ref>, ubuzima bwe buhinduka mu buryo butunguranye iyo abonye ubwiza n'urukundo bikura mu butayu bwa beto<ref>https://www.mandy.com/aa/films/nana-means-king</ref>. Nubwo indorerwamo ari Shauna, ahita amenya ko ibyahise bishobora kuba gereza twaremye kubwubwenge bwacu<ref>Nana Means King (2015) - Slated <nowiki>https://www.slated.com</nowiki> › films</ref>. Mu gufasha kuvana Shauna muri gereza ye ni bwo yaje kurekurwa wenyine<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Nana+Means+King-2015-800305/cast/actors</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Armah Richard Armah nka Chris Kuma * David Osei nka Kwame * Roxana Zachos nka Shauna == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] q0pfewiyd7jffvp7bd9xhm65l0lwnkn 0 9346 80220 79927 2021-11-12T17:41:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''No Tears For Ananse''' ni filime yo muri [[Gana]] yayobowe na Sam Aryeetey kandi yanditswe na Ato Kwamina Yanney mu 1968<ref>https://mubi.com/films/no-tears-for-ananse</ref><ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film948213.html</ref>. == Umugambi == Filime ya rubanda isobanura uburyo amayeri Ananse agerageza kurenza umuryango we kubera igitutu cyo guha umuryango we burimunsi<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/no-tears-for-ananse-v159514</ref><ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b74e2435f</ref>. Yigize nk'uwapfuye abwira umuryango we kumushyingura mu isambu ye<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/no-tears-for-ananse/cast/2000336184/</ref><ref>https://www.cinemagia.ro/filme/no-tears-for-ananse-110230/</ref>, bityo aribwa n'abakozi bashinzwe ibiryo mu murima igihe cyatinze<ref>What actors and actresses appeared in No Tears for Ananse - 1968 ... <nowiki>https://www.answers.com</nowiki> › What_actors_and_actresses...</ref>. Umuryango washyizeho umutego ukoresheje igishusho cyometseho kole<ref>https://actoragecheck.com/movie/Kofi-Middleton-Mends/No-Tears-for-Ananse/795568</ref>. Ananse abonye igishusho atekereza ko ari kizima nuko atangira no gukubitaho urushyi arumirwa. Bukeye bwaho, yafashwe n'umuryango ndetse n'abaturage<ref>http://www.worldcat.org/identities/np-yanney,%20ato%20kwamina</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://moviefit.me/fr/persons/870883-ato-yanney</ref> == * ''Kofi Middleton Mends'' * ''David London'' * ''Lily Nketia'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 8a7flzy3d1cwy0zg5mrb756vg6ibzcv 0 9347 80221 79929 2021-11-12T17:51:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''No Time To Die''' ni filime yo gusetsa no gukundana yo muri [[Gana]] yo mu 2006 yakozwe na Wolfgang Panzer, Umudage, umwanditsi akaba n'umuyobozi kandi yayikoranye na King Ampaw, igihembo yatsindiye nk'umuyobozi akaba n'umukinnyi wa [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/no-time-to-die</ref>. Filime yari iyobowe na King Ampaw. Umuziki wahimbwe na Ben Michael Mankhamba umucuranzi wa gitari wa Malawi, umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo,<ref>https://deadline.com/2021/11/no-time-to-die-mgm-sets-pvod-release-date-1234869456/</ref>. Imyambarire yateguwe na Lisa Meier. Yakozwe mu 2006 muri [[Gana]] no mu [[Budage]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/no-time-to-die/</ref>. Ni firime ivuga icyongereza imara iminota 95. Yatoranijwe mu Kuboza 2016 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya [[Afurika]] Diaspora (ADIFF) i New York<ref>https://www.africanfilm.com/products/no-time-to-die</ref>. == Ikibanza == Asante, umushoferi utwara imodoka zo gushyingura muri [[Gana]], akeneye uwo bashakanye ariko akazi ke gakanga abadamu benshi<ref>https://www.laboutiqueafricavivre.com/films/463-no-time-to-die-4260152390114.html</ref>. Atangira kureba umukiriya (Esi) wapfushije nyina, akamenya uburyo bwo kumuganiriza<ref>https://cines.com/en/film/no-time-to-die-2006</ref>. ariko se akabuza uwo mubano kagati ya Esi na Asante. Asante arakomeza ahinduka umushoferi wambere wimodoka yo gushyingura i Accra ubashije kurongora <ref>https://mubi.com/films/no-time-to-die</ref>. Iyi filime yari iyo gusobanura umuco nyafurika werekana impinduka mumigenzo yo gushyingura abanyafurika kubera ingaruka zabakoloni muri [[Afrika]]<ref>https://www.filmfrasor.no/en/film/2008/no-time-to-die</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Fritz Baffour nka Ofori * Kofi Bucknor nka Owusu * Agnes Dapaa nka Aba * David Dontoh nka Asante * Emmanuel Ubufaransa nka Safo * Evans Oma Umuhigi nka Kokuroko * Issifu Kassim nka Issifu * Agatha Ofori nka Esi * Kofi Middleton Mends === Abakozi === * King Ampaw (Umuyobozi & Co-producer) * Wolfgang Panzer (Producer) * Claudia Sontheim (Pro-producer & Line producer) * Bernhard Springer (Producer Executif) * Ben Mankhamba (Umuziki) * Claudia Di Mauro (Muhinduzi) * Lisa Meier (Imyambarire) * Michael Schloemer (ijwi) == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] l0wbaf3u291u450bqbpth4pc5sckgzu 0 9348 80222 79931 2021-11-12T17:57:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''One Night in Vegas''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Nigeriya]] 2013 iyobowe na John Uche. Irimo Jimmy Jean-Louis,<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/one-night-in-vegas/</ref> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/07/yvonne-nelson-jimmy-jean-louis-van-vicker-john-dumelo-star-in-one-night-in-vegas-watch/</ref> John Dumelo, Yvonne Nelson, Sarodj Bertin, Van Vicker, Michael Blackson na Koby Maxwell <ref>https://xplorenollywood.com/one-night-in-vegas/</ref>. Filime yibanze ku Bashakanye bo muri [[Gana]] bagerageza kunoza umubano wabo bafata urugendo i Las Vegas<ref>https://newsghana.com.gh/it-is-definately-a-must-watch-one-night-in-vegas-starring-john-dumelo/</ref>. Biteganijwe ku ngengo y’imari ntoya kandi ifatwa amashusho mu gihe cyiminsi 19, iyi filime yamenyekanye ku isoko rya Nollywood USA kubera ko iyi filime yiteguye kuzamura umurongo wa filime nyafurika ikoresheje inzira y’iburengerazuba ku bwiza bw'umusaruro n'ibipimo<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/new-movie-alert-yvonne-nelson-john-dumelo-van-vicker-in-one-night-in-vegas/rnreg6v</ref><ref>https://www.kpl.gov/catalog/item/?i=ent://ERC_215_8682/0/HOOPLA:11609970</ref>. By'umwihariko gukoresha uburambe bw'umukinnyi w'amafirime w'umunyamerika (Tim " Black Magic Tim " Wilson) kugirango akore Cinematografi na Muhinduzi<ref>https://www.theafricandream.net/one-night-in-vegas-poised-to-raise-bar/</ref>. filimi yarekuwe kumugaragaro muri [[Gana|Ghana]] yari ubwa mbere hasohotse turnout mu mateka ya Silverbird Theatre mu Accra Mall <ref>https://filmlinkafrica.com/en/2018/06/15/african-actors-ghanaian-john-dumelo-majid-michel-and-van-vicker/</ref>. Film yerekanywe ku muryango w'Abibumbye i New York City, Ku Library of Congress mu Washington DC, Mu Pan Film Festival [[Afurika]], Dublin muri Irlande<ref>http://nollywoodmindspace.blogspot.com/2014/04/john-dumelo-chris-attoh-head-to-dublin.html</ref>, Haiti, [[Nigeria]] ku Nyakanga 18, 2014, Maryland, Virginia, California, Ubwongereza, Afurika y'Epfo, na Siyera Lewone<ref>https://africanvoiceonline.co.uk/one-night-in-vegas-opens-in-nigeria-cinemas/</ref><ref>https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2014/07/one-night-in-vegas-showing-nationwide.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Jimmy Jean-Louis nka Nick * John Dumelo nka James * Yvonne Nelson nka Genie * Sarodj Bertin nka Ashely * Michael Blackson nka Bwana Roland * Van Vicker nka Tony * Koby Maxwell nka Pat * Sahndra Fon Dufe nka Mildred == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] m4yzhhyeyqyffm03dwezw5vr39vh2ew 0 9349 80223 79934 2021-11-12T18:02:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Perfect Picture''''' ni [[Gana|firime yo muri Gana]] yakozwe kandi yanditswe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso mu 2009<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film849708.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/537334833</ref>. == Umugambi == Mubintu bisa nkubuzima butunganye, abagore batatu beza bagiye kuzuza imyaka mirongo itatu<ref>https://www.africancelebs.com/perfect-picture-movie-sparrow-productions/</ref>,bagerageza bashize amanga kugirango bahindure ubuzima bwabo nubwo ibizazane bitabura<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/ghanaian-movie-the-perfect-picture-ten-years-later-premiered-with-the-leading-ladies-in-attendance/</ref><ref>https://stories.showmax.com/the-best-of-shirley-frimpong-on-showmax/</ref>. Hamwe nubukwe busa nkaho bugiye kurimbuka kuva mbere, kugeza kumukandida udashoboka no gukurikirana urukundo rutagira iherezo<ref>https://nollywoodpost.com/post/the-perfect-picture-ten-years-later-a-cliche</ref>, inshuti eshatu ziziga amasomo akomeye yubuzima, imbogamizi zubukwe<ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/shirley-frimpong-manso-announces-the-perfect-picture-sequel-after-a-decade/w5xt0fk</ref><ref>https://nigeriacelebrities.com/shirley-frimpong-mansos-the-perfect-picture-10-years-later-premieres-on-netflix-in-july/</ref>, impfu zo gukundana nibihembo bya guseka neza mu gihu cy'akababaro<ref>https://baseafricatv.net/shirley-frimpong-manso-fails-to-credit-senyo-foli-in-her-movie-perfect-picture/</ref>. Ishusho Yuzuye itanga ubushishozi bwamabara kandi asetsa mwisi aho ibintu byose bitunganye nkubuzima bwawe ninshuti zawe<ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/85-film-tv-workshop/5108-shirley-manso-s-perfect-picture-a-perfect-disappointment</ref><ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/the-perfect-picture-ten-years-later,n6666136.php</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurka]] jpta4ncvet3jdz1h3qhp2yi2k4inxry 0 9350 80224 79936 2021-11-12T18:12:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Potato Potahto}} '''Potato Potahto''' ni filime yo gusetsa y’urukundo yo muri [[Gana]] yo muri 2017 yakozwe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso ivuga amateka yo gutandukana muri societe y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Afurika|Afrika]] nuburyo bigoye<ref>https://www.filmafrica.org/film-africa-events/potato-potahto/</ref>.<ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/shirley-frimpong-manso-s-potato-potahto-makes-it-to-netflix.html</ref> == Umugambi == Potato Potahto ni firime yo gusetsa yo muri [[Gana]]-[[Nigeriya]] ikurikira ubuzima bwabafatanyabikorwa babiri bahatirwa kubana ubuzima bwabo munzu imwe nyuma yo gutandukana<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/potato-potahto,n6579913.php</ref>. == Umusaruro == Iyi filime ifatanije n’amasosiyete yo muri [[Nijeriya]] Ascend Studios, ku ya 19 Mata Imyidagaduro Virgo Sun Ltd na Lufodo Productions ikaba yari iyobowe n’umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Gana]], Shirley Frimpong-Manso <ref>https://africanmoviestar.com/2020/potato-potahto/</ref>. Irerekana ibintu by'akajagari bibaho iyo abashakanye batanye bagumye hamwe murugo rwabashakanye, buri wese afata ubufasha bushimishije bwabahuje igitsina<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=293250.html</ref>. Iyi filime yafashwe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri, ku bufatanye n’abatunganya amafilime yo muri [[Suwede]], [[Bufaransa|Abafaransa]], [[Bwongereza|Abongereza]], [[Nijeriya]] na [[Gana]]<ref>https://nollywoodpost.com/post/potato-potahto-a-comedic-take-on-divorce</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * ''Joselyn Dumas'' * ''Chris Attoh'' * ''Adjetey Anang'' * ''Nikki Samonas'' * ''Victoria Michaels'' * ''Indabyo Chukwujekwu'' * ''Kemi Lala Akindoju'' * ''Urwenya Silva'' * ''OC Ukeje'' == Kwakira == Ibirayi Potahto yakiriwe neza na rubanda, kubera intsinzi Shirley Frimpong-Manso yagezeho mbere<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/potato-potahto-cannes-film-festival-premiere/</ref>. Filime yagaragaye 7.9 nabakoresha kuri Nollywood Reinvented<ref>https://www.theghanareport.com/shirley-frimpong-mansos-potato-potahto-to-stream-on-netflix-this-december/</ref>. Ibirayi Potahto yabonye imyiyerekano mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Durban ndetse n’Iserukiramuco rya Filimi [[Bwongereza|ry’Abongereza]].<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2018/10/ndiva-womens-film-festival-2018-potato.html</ref> Iyi filime kandi yagaragaye mu rwego rwo gutoranya iserukiramuco rya Filime [[Afurika]] kuva ku ya 27 Ukwakira kugeza 5 Ugushyingo. Ukuboza 2019, Potato Potahto yongewe kumugaragaro kurutonde rwa Netflix<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/potato-potahto-how-shirley-frimpong-manso-put-a-hilarious-spin-on-divorce/95zl2c3</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 466w4s3ej1cdoi0efo3ty7iqpwytoes 0 9351 79938 79937 2021-11-08T12:40:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Potomanto''''' (yakomotse ku ijambo ry'igifaransa ''portmanteau'' ) ni filime yo muri [[Gana|Gana ya]] 2013 - [[Nijeriya]] yerekana ibikorwa bya Shirley Frimpong Manso<ref>Potomanto (2013) | MUBI <nowiki>https://mubi.com</nowiki> › films › potomanto</ref> . Irimo Olu Jacobs, Yvonne Okoro na Adjetey Anang <ref>potomanto - Ghana Film Industry <nowiki>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com</nowiki> › tag › potomanto</ref>. Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Sinema ya Silverbird, [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]], ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2013.<ref>Watch Shirley Frimpong Manso's POTOMANTO In FULL HD ... <nowiki>https://www.ghanacelebrities.com</nowiki> › 2013/12/25 › perfe...</ref> == Umugambi == Uwahoze ari umupolisi urakaye, Andane, akazi ke ni ugukora iperereza no gufata abafatanyabikorwa bahemutse afata indi sura iyo yahawe akazi ko gukora iperereza ku mugore w’umucuruzi ukize<ref>My Thoughts On Shirley Frimpong Manso's New Movie ... (ghanacelebrities.com)</ref>. Yatsitaye ku mpeta y'abasaruzi b'ingingo n'abacuruzi bashuka abasore babasezeranya kubajyana mu mahanga<ref>World Cinema Amsterdam <nowiki>https://worldcinemaamsterdam.nl</nowiki> › Films › us-in-between</ref>. Umukwe wumukire numukozi wihishe nawe ukora iperereza kugirango afate abacuruza urugingo<ref>What You Need To Know About The Film Industry In Ghana <nowiki>https://www.demandafrica.com</nowiki> › entertainment › gholl...</ref>. Bishyize hamwe bagerageza guhagarika kanseri yatwaye ubuzima bwa benshi mu rubyiruko mu baturage<ref>Shirley Frimpong-Manso - Wikipedia <nowiki>http://yamm.finance</nowiki> › wiki › Shirley_Frimpong-Manso</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * ''Olu Jacobs nka Bankole'' * ''Adjetey Anang nka Adane'' * ''Christabel Ekeh nka Afia'' * ''Yvonne Okoro nka Alice'' * ''Marie Humbert nka Susan'' * ''Mikki Osei Berko nka Koranteng'' * ''Jason Nwoga nka Jarreth'' * ''Aniek An Iyoho nka Shina'' * ''Ian Oshodi nka Nana'' == Kwakira == Nollywood Reinvented yahaye firime amanota 55% anashimira inkuru yayo no kuyobora. Ghanafilmindustry.com yakurikiranye hamwe ninyenyeri 4 kuri 10 maze asoza avuga ko film yagerageje guhendwa no gukomera<ref>Flo – Page 5 - Ghana Film Industry</ref>. [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tmpizj4lfe5ba9i68vioc5je9z1894x 0 9352 80225 79940 2021-11-12T18:18:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Rebecca''''' ni filime yo muri [[Gana]]-[[Nijeriya]] 2016 iyobowe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso, ikinwamo na Yvonne Okoro na Joseph Benjamin<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film390520.html</ref> . Nk’uko Manso abitangaza ngo iyi filime yasohotse bwa mbere i Londres, mbere ya [[Gana]] kubera ubukungu bw'igihugu bigatuma igabanuka ry'abakunzi ba filime<ref>https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201603/272311.php</ref>. Iyi filime ni filime ya kabiri yakinnye igaragaramo umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri [[Nijeriya]] Yvonne Okoro<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Shirley-Frimpong-Manso-to-premiere-Rebecca-401603</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Joseph Benjamin nka Clifford * Yvonne Okoro nka Rebecca == Umugambi == Filime itangirana na Clifford ( Joseph Benjamin ) na Rebecca ( Yvonne Okoro ) bazimiye mu ishyamba nyuma yuko imodoka yabo isabye gusanwa<ref>https://www.timeout.com/accra/film/film-rebecca-2016</ref>. Byagaragaye ko Rebecca yasezeranijwe na Clifford kuva mu bwana bwabo ko bazabana<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/01/shirley-frimpong-mansos-rebecca-premieres-in-london-yvonne-okoro-joseph-benjamin-joselyn-dumas-attend/</ref>. Mu gihe Rebecca yacecetse mu rugendo rwose kandi asa nkaho atababajwe n'amagambo yavuzwe n'umugabo we mushya<ref>https://www.blissgh.com/shirley-frimpong-manso-premiere-rebecca/</ref>, Clifford agaragaza ko adashaka gushyingiranwa nawe neza kuko yashakaga gusohoza icyifuzo cye cyo gupfa kwa se<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/events/shirley-frimpong-mansos-movie-rebecca-set-for-uk-premiere/</ref>. Clifford yarumwe nikiremwa cyomwishyamba kandi ibi biganisha kubiganiro byambere hagati yabo. Rebecca amufasha gukira igikomere cye. Aramuhishurira kandi ko mbere yakundaga kandi akagaragaza ko atamwitayeho kubera ko atamwubaha kandi ko amukunda<ref>https://dailyguidenetwork.com/rebecca-screened-goethe-institut/</ref>. Nyuma y'ibiganiro birebire hagati yabo, batangiye gukundana. Rebecca ashimuswe nabagabo babiri, nyuma byaje kugaragara ko byateguwe nuwahoze ari umukunzi we<ref>https://www.businessghana.com/site/news/Entertainment/156514/Shirley%20Frimpong-Manso%E2%80%99s%20%E2%80%98Rebecca%E2%80%99%20at%20Goethe-Institute</ref>. Rebecca asubira kwa Clifford maze asobanura imigambi ye yose yo guhimbira urupfu rwe no guhagarika umushoferi we kumukurikira amuroga. Nyuma yo kumva no kubona ukuri kwinginga kwe, Clifford aramwakira mugihe bombi bategereje itsinda ryabatabazi<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Shirley_Frimpong-Manso</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] p4i1o8tghm0wj4szd3cdizs23256f9i 0 9353 80226 79945 2021-11-12T18:25:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Run Baby Run''''' ni film y'ibikorwa yo muri [[Gana]] iyobowe na Emmanuel Apea ikinwamo na John Apea yasohotse muri 2006 aho yakunzwe cyane nabayireba byatumye abaknnyi bayo bahabwa ibihembo<ref>https://alchetron.com/Run-Baby-Run-(2006-film)</ref> <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/6878/run-baby-run-wins-african-movie-academy-awards.html</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriye nomination 8 kandi yatsindiye ibihembo 4 muri African Movie Academy Awards muri 2008<ref>https://wikispro.com/emmanuel-apea-wiki-networth-age/</ref>, harimo ibihembo ''byamafoto'' ''meza'', Umuyobozi mwiza ndetse na ''Screenplay nziza'' <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1465&ID=1000001775</ref><ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Emmanuel_Apea</ref>. == Umugambi == Enoch Sarpong Jr., umunyeshuri wo muri [[Gana]] uba mu [[Bwongereza]], asurwa na mushiki we muto ukomoka muri [[Gana]]<ref>http://ifefilmfest.yolasite.com/2009-films.php</ref>, wari wibeshye afata ivalisi itari yo ku kibuga cy'indege. Ivalisi irimo kokayine nyinshi<ref>https://amp.en.what-this.com/12161534/1/ghanaian-films.html</ref>. Enoki yahisemo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, icyakora ba nyir'ibiyobyabwenge bahise bahura na we<ref>http://www.africine.org/analyse/nkem-owoh-osuofia-is-africas-best-actor/7969</ref>, bamwirukankana hirya no hino mu [[Bwongereza]] na [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/run-baby-run-v506404</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/search.php?stype=cast&sn&stext=Kofi%20Bucknor</ref> == * ''John Apea - Enoki Sarpong Jr.'' * ''Evelyn Addo - Nina'' * ''Fred Johnson - Gatori'' * ''Collins Agyeman Sarpong - Cephas'' * ''Kofi Bucknor - Topp Dogg'' * ''Kojo Dadson - Enoki Sarpong Snr'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] kjq36xtrxrvpcp80syt4h6k8pw3o3os 0 9354 80227 79947 2021-11-12T18:35:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sankofa''''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico yakozwe [[Etiyopiya|na Etiyopiya yo mu]] 1993 iyobowe na Haile Gerima yibanze ku bucuruzi bw’abacakara bwa Atlantike<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/sankofa-movie-review-2021</ref> . Iyi nkuru igaragaramo Oyafunmike Ogunlano, Kofi Ghanaba, Mutabaruka, Alexandra Duah, na Afemo Omilami . Ijambo Sankofa ryakomotse ku rurimi rwa Akan rwo [[Gana|muri Gana]] risobanura "gusubira inyuma, gushaka, no kubona ubwenge, imbaraga n'ibyiringiro", nk'uko byavuzwe na Dr. Anna Julia Cooper<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2021/09/sankofa-haile-gerima-interview-1234667076/</ref>. Ijambo Sankofa ryibanda ku kamaro ko umuntu atagendera kure cyane ya kahise kugirango atere imbere ejo hazaza<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/haile-gerima-sankofa-interview-array/</ref>. Muri filime, Sankofa agereranwa ninyoni n'indirimbo n'ingoma z'ingoma y'Imana<ref>https://www.washingtonian.com/2021/09/24/haile-gerimas-classic-film-sankofa-is-now-on-netflix-thanks-to-ava-duvernay/</ref>. Filime ya Gerima yerekanye akamaro ko kutagira abantu bakomoka muri [[Afurika]] batandukana n’imizi yabo. Gerima yakoresheje urugendo rwimico Mona kugirango yerekane uburyo imyumvire nyafurika yerekana indangamuntu harimo kumenya imizi yumuntu no "gusubira aho yaturutse" (Gerima)<ref>https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion/films/sankofa</ref>. == Umugambi == Filime itangirana numusaza Divine Drummer , Sankofa (yakinnye na Kofi Ghanaba ), akubita ingoma nyafurika aririmba imvugo ngo "Umwuka utinda w'abapfuye, haguruka<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/haile-gerima-sankofa-netlix-ava-duvernay-1235021486/</ref>." Ubu ni uburyo bwe bwo gushyikirana nabakurambere b'igihugu cya [[Afurika|Afrika]], cyane [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/haile-gerima-sankofa-academy-museum/2021/09/23/baae53da-1c81-11ec-a99a-5fea2b2da34b_story.html</ref>. Yizera ko kuvuza ingoma ari ngombwa mu kugarura umwuka w'abakurambere be biciwe muri diaspora nyafurika<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/movies/haile-gerima.html</ref> . Inkuru ikomeza kugaragaza Mona (Oyafunmike Ogunlano), wabayeho [[Afurika]] na [[Amerika]] ntangarugero kuri film shoot muri [[Gana|Ghana]] <ref>https://www.becauseofthemwecan.com/blogs/culture/ava-duvernay-s-array-set-to-restore-re-release-legendary-filmmaker-haile-gerima-s-sankofa-on-netflix</ref>. Afite isomo ku Kigo cya Cape Coast, atazi ko cyakoreshejwe mu mateka mu bucuruzi bw’abacakara kubera ko kuva kera atandukanijwe n’imizi [[Afurika|ye yo muri Afurika]]<ref>https://variety.com/2021/film/news/film-news-in-brief-sept-13-1235063603/</ref>[[Afurika|.]] Mugihe Mona ari kumurongo wicyitegererezo, ahura numusaza wamayobera Sankofa wavuzaga ingoma mugutangira film<ref>https://www.xartsplitta.net/en/filmscreening-sankofa-by-haile-gerima-for-sankofa-kita-berlin/</ref>. Sankofa akomeje kwibutsa Mona gusubira mu mateka ye kandi akaba umunyamahane cyane mu bijyanye no gukomeza ahantu h'abasekuruza bera<ref>https://aafilmfest.si.edu/discover/films/sankofa-1993</ref>, bityo agerageza kwirukana ba mukerarugendo b'abazungu mu kigo cy'abacakara. Iyo Mona ingingo kujya A Kureba imbere castle ubwe, Mona agerageza guhunga urugo rw'abacakara ahura na ba shebuja b'abaja bera agerageza gutekereza avuga ko akomoka muri [[Amerika]] kandi ko adakomoka muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.africavenir.org/news-details/archive/2012/august/article/interview-with-haile-gerima-freedom-is-not-some-kind-of-unesco-milk-that-can-be-given-to-someo.html?tx_ttnews%255Bday%255D=20&cHash=1f144a60f7033edccd0c13eb466f5729</ref> . Ba shebuja b'abacakara ntibitaye ku byo Mona yavuze maze bamusunika ku muriro, bamwambura imyenda, bamushyira icyuma gishyushye ku mugongo<ref>https://www.events.sankofa.com/blank-2/sankofa-a-film-by-haile-gerima-shirt</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Sankofa, Kofi Ghanaba * Mona,Shola * Nunu, Alexandra Duah * Joe, * Shango, Mutabaruka * Afemo Omilami * Reggie Carter == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 8oavxd66ifxaixyae29ruj9hv4gspnf 0 9355 80228 79949 2021-11-13T06:24:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Side Chick Gang''' ni ikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] ya 2018 / filime isetsa iyobowe na Peter Sedufia<ref>https://mubi.com/films/sidechic-gang</ref>. == Inyandiko == Inshuti eshatu z'abakobwa baretse akazi kabo nkabashitsi kugirango bakore akazi gahemba menshi kandi meza kuruta akazi kabo ka kera ako kazi bakise "sidechic gang"<ref>https://jakuuire.medium.com/review-side-chic-gang-558dbebe07a2</ref><ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/sidechic-gang-v713662/cast-crew</ref>. Agatsiko ka Sidechic gatanga serivisi kubagore gusa. Ibi bituma abagabo batishimira cyane gukundwa gutunguranye kwerekanwa ryabo<ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/movie-review-sidechic-gang-two-two-peter-sedufia/</ref>. Akazi kabaha gukandamiza abagabo cyangwa abasore bakundana bashuka abagore babo cyangwa inshuti zabo<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/peter-sedufias-keteke-sidechic-gang-to-hit-netflix/</ref><ref>https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/peter-sedufia/profile</ref>. Agatsiko kafashe akazi kumutunzi ukize maze wamwungukamo menshi bitewe ningeso ye guca inyuma uwo bashakanye<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/peter-sedufia/</ref>. Umukuru muri opposition yabo ni abagabo bababaye bungukiwe na serivisi za side chicks<ref>https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/08/peter-sedufias-sidechic-gang-movie-gets-5-nominations-at-2018-amaa/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Nana Ama McBrown * Lydia Forson * Adjetey Anang * Bernard Nyarko * Sika Osei * Adjetey Anang * Eddie Kufour * Akofa Edjeane == ibihembo == * Afurika Movie Academy Awards ibihembo byumuyobozi mwiza (2018) * [[Afurika]] Movie Academy ibihembo bya Filime nziza (2018) * Igihembo cya [[Afurika]] Movie Academy Igihembo Cyiza Cyiza (2018) * Igihembo cya [[Afurika]] Movie Academy Igihembo Cyiza Cyagezweho Mumajwi (2018) * Igihembo cya [[Afurika]] Movie Academy Igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu kuyobora (2018) == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] 560gkzch7hfhbm0lso1pqkp2jjf0vlm 0 9356 80229 79951 2021-11-13T06:34:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Single and Married''''' ni filimi isekeje yasohotse muri 2012 ikorerwa muri [[Gana|Ghana]] na [[Nigeriya|Nigeria]]<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/single-married-complicated/</ref> , yakozwe na Yvonne Nelson afatanyije na Pascal Amanfo. Irimo Yvonne Nelson, Chris Attoh, Nadia Buari, Tana Adelana, Kofi Adjorlolo, Eddie Watson na Jane 'Efya' Awindor <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/yvonne-nelson-presents-star-packed-single-married-complicated-view-the-trailer/</ref>. Filime "yibanze ku ikinamico, amayeri n'amabanga mato yanduye y'inshuti eshatu z'abagabo, ubuzima bwabo bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina, kuba ingaragu cyangwa bashakanye<ref>https://clipkulture.com/single-and-married-ghana-movie/</ref>. Iyi filime yahawe ibihembo icumi muri Gana Movie Awards 2012 kandi yegukana ibihembo bine muri ibyo birori, birimo Ishusho Nziza, Ubuyobozi Bwiza (Ururimi [[Icyongereza|rw'Icyongereza]]), Umukinnyi mwiza mu ruhare rwo gushyigikira ([[Icyongereza]]), na Sinema nziza<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/19130/yvonne-nelson-outdoors-single-married-movie-with.html</ref>. Urukurikirane, ''Ingaragu, Yubatse kandi rugoye'', rwasohotse mu 2014<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Yvonne-Nelson-storms-Nollywood-with-Single-Married-Complicated-321199</ref>. == Umugambi == Jay ( Chris Attoh ), casanova, yatunguye inshuti ze, arasaba umukunzi we Kimora (Yvonne Nelson). Inshuti ya Jay, Raymond ( Kweku Elliot ) casanova ubu nawe yashakanye n'umwe mu nshuti za Kimora, Paula ( Nadia Buari ), ntabyitayeho<ref>https://www.nydjlive.com/pictures-from-yvonne-nelsons-star-studded-movie-single-married-and-complicated/</ref>. Andy (Eddie Watson), "mubi" muri batatu, atekereza ko Jay ari hafi gufungwa ubuzima bwe bwose<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/waiting-yvonne-nelsons-complicated-single-married-flick/</ref>. Umwaka umwe nyuma yubukwe, Jay araryamana na Judith (Jane Awindor ), kandi ahora abeshya Kimora<ref>https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00019397.html</ref>. Jay amaherezo aratandukana na we, kuko yamutunze cyane; asohoka mu nzu ye, Jay yikubita kuri Raymond, na we usohoka mu nzu ya nyirabuja, bityo amenya amabanga ya mugenzi we<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/marriage-is-not-an-achievement-yvonne-nelson/</ref>. Ikigaragara ni uko Paula, umunyamategeko, ahora ahugiye mu kazi kandi ntajya abona umwanya wa Raymond, mu gihe Kimora na we yanze guha Jay. Paula ahura Raymond na Yolanda (Itz Tiffany), inshuti ye ishaje, maze Raymond atangira gukundana nawe<ref>https://www.glitzafrica.com/yvonne-nelson-to-cast-yvonne-okoro-jackie-appiah-in-next-feature-film/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Yvonne Nelson nka Kimora * Chris Attoh nka Jay * Nadia Buari nka Paula * Tana Adelana nka Vida * Kofi Adjorlolo nka Ranesh * Eddie Watson nka Andy * Anita Erskin nka Ruby * Kweku Elliot nka Raymond * Jane Awindor nka Yudita * Lisa Raymond nka Sandy * Michelle McKinney Hammond nk'umujyanama * Itz Tiffany nka Yolanda == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekana filime yasohotse kuri YouTube ku ya 25 Nyakanga 2012, kuri ubu ikaba imaze kubona miliyoni zigera ku icumi, ikaba imwe mu zerekanwa cyane na Nollywood<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/single-married-and-complicated-yvonne-nelsons-movie-is-full-of-humour/3zf2phf</ref>. Yasohotse muri [[Gana]] ku ya 22 Nzeri 2012, yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Sinema ya Silverbird, Ikirwa cya Victoria, Lagos ku ya 28 Nzeri 2012<ref>https://www.correctng.com/enjoyable-kissing-yvonne-nelson-film-single-married-every-time-run-chris-attoh/</ref>. === Ibihembo === '''''Single and Married i'''''fite ibihembo icumi muri [[Gana]] Movie Awards 2012, harimo Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu ruhare runini ([[Icyongereza]]) kuri Nelson, Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira ([[Icyongereza]]) kuri Attoh, Ishusho nziza - Ubufatanye bwa [[Afurika]], Guhindura neza, Ubuhanzi bwiza n'umuziki mwiza (Indirimbo y'umwimerere)<ref>https://concise.ng/chris-attoh-says-enjoyed-kissing-yvonne-nelson-new-movie/</ref>. Amaherezo yatsindiye Ishusho Nziza, Kuyobora neza (Ururimi rw'icyongereza), Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira ([[Icyongereza]]), na Sinema nziza<ref>http://biography.hi7.co/yvonne-nelson-564418ea5bb1c.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tq5wz59h2cnqjw9313du7gw8t88led1 0 9357 80230 79953 2021-11-13T06:38:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sinking Sands''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] yo mu 2010,<ref>https://www.nydjlive.com/leila-djansis-sinking-sands-makes-it-to-cnn-as-must-see-african-movies-of-the-21st-century/</ref> yanditswe yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Leila Djansi, ikinwamo Jimmy Jean-Louis, Ama Abebrese, Emmanuel Yeboah A. na Yemi Blaq<ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/ghanaian-born-award-winning-director-leila-djansi-s-hit-movie-sinking-sands-opens-in-new-york-city-theaters-this-week</ref> . Iyi filime yakiriye ibihembo icyenda kandi yatsindiye ibihembo 3 muri Afurika ya Movie Academy Awards 2011, harimo ibihembo bya ''Best Screenplay'' & ''Best Makeup'' <ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/sinking-sands/</ref><ref>https://villagerainbows.com/2010/11/08/sinking-sands-setting-a-new-standard/</ref>. == Ikibanza == Iyi filime ivuga amateka y'abashakanye, Jimah na Pabi, ishyingiranwa ryabo rikaba urugomo no guhohoterwa iyo Jimah ahindutse isura mu mpanuka yo mu rugo<ref>https://www.thecherrypicks.com/films/sinking-sands/</ref>.<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/sinking-sands-v536856/cast-crew</ref> == Kwakira == Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nabantu benshi banenga firime nyafurika hamwe na NollywoodForever.com basoza bavuga ko "Filime nziza nabatura mbikuye ku mutima<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Sinking_Sands/10913686</ref>. Ibi birerekana abo bantu bose bafite ibitekerezo bigufi bizera ko ukeneye glitz, glamour na brazilian kuboha kugirango ukore firime nziza utakora<ref>https://alchetron.com/Sinking-Sands</ref>. Ubukorikori muri firime bwari buteye ubwoba no gushimwa. Gukina byari ingingo nkuko byari bimeze kuri sinema.<ref>https://www.naijarules.com/threads/sinking-sands-new-film-from-leila-djansi.37744/</ref><ref>http://www.zimfilmfest.co.zw/screening/main/screening-sinkingsands.html</ref> " [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] sdna7krw6viqd7jte0uex3h9r31niqg 0 9358 80231 79956 2021-11-13T06:41:58Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Somewhere in Africa: The Cries of humanity''''' ni film y'ikinamico yo muri [[Gana]] ya 2011<ref>http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/853577762</ref>, iyobowe na Frank Rajah Arase, yakinwe na Majid Michel, Martha Ankomah na Kofi Adjorlolo<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Somewhere_in_Africa</ref><ref>https://www.ghmoviefreak.com/stage-play-somewhere-africa-adapted-theater/</ref>. Yakiriye kandidatire 7 mu bihembo bya 9 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards harimo ibyiciro: Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu nshingano zambere, Ibyagezweho mu majwi, Ibyagezweho mu ngaruka ziboneka no kugerwaho na Make-Up. Majid Michel niwe wahawe igihembo cyonyine cya film<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201106241193.html</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308809282_Film_as_an_agent_of_Human_Rights_Advancement_in_Nigeria_A_study_of_Bloody_Night_and_Somewhere_in_Africa</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Majid Michel nka Jenerali Yusuf Mombasa * Majid Michel nka Frank Leuma, Nyiricyubahiro Francis Jackson * Marita Ankoma nka Nivera * Eddie Nartey nka Pascal * Kofi Adjorlolo nka Jenerali Olemba * Roselyn Ngissah nka Kapiteni Rajile * David Dontoh nka Perezida Gabiza == Kwakira == Nollywood Reinvented yayihaye amanota 43%, ashima amajwi yayo, cinematografi hamwe namashusho<ref>https://mcutimes.com/Movies/titles/310842/somewhere-in-africa</ref>. == Ibihembo == Yakiriye kandidatire 7 mu bihembo bya 9 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards ku byiciro: Ibyagezweho mu Gushushanya Umusaruro, Ibyagezweho mu Gushushanya Imyambarire, Ibyagezweho muri Make-Up, Ibyagezweho mu majwi, Ibyagezweho mu mashusho, Umukinnyi mwiza / Umukinnyi utanga ikizere, n'umukinnyi mwiza muri Uruhare Rukuru. Majid Michel niwe wahawe igihembo cyonyine cya film<ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/15494/somewhere-in-africa-is-significant-to-africans.html</ref><ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.frank-rajah-arase.32456.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] nftqpq68n0o12t7w5k1wy2h8x1913a9 0 9359 80232 79958 2021-11-13T06:48:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stab in the Dark''''' ni filime yo mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza yo muri]] 1999 yo muri Gana yakozwe na Bam Nemesia<ref>https://ko.isecosmetic.com/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film)</ref>, Ltd ikayoborwa na Veronica Quarshie . Byari amafaranga kandi yatsinze bikomeye, yatsindiye Filime Nziza muri [[Gana]] Movie Awards mu 2000<ref>https://gh.opera.news/gh/en/entertainment/177635989400c7b590ccc53195fd841e</ref>. == Umugambi == Umugore agambaniwe mu gihe inshuti ye ikundanye na se nuko umuryango ukamufasha kumuzana mu rugo. <ref>https://www.rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?typeofrhyme=wke&loc=thesql&Word=nemesia</ref>Uru rukurikirane rwa firime eshanu (A Stab in the Dark 1,2, Ripples: A Stab in Dark 3, Ripples 2, and Ripples 3) ikurikira ubuzima bw'abakobwa bakiri bato mu makinamico yo murugo kandi byerekana itandukaniro ry'ibibazo byimibereho mu ikinamico<ref>https://360wiki.ru/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film)</ref>. In A Stab in the Dark, umuntu nyamukuru, Effe, numukobwa mwiza cyane ukunda gukundana cyane, kandi mubisanzwe washakanye nabagabo<ref>https://thuk1480.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-state-of-mind.html</ref>. Effe yavuye mu rugo kugira ngo ahunge nyina anenga imyitwarire ye kandi agumana n'umuryango w'inshuti ye<ref>https://tentukan-ms.blogspot.com/2021/07/a-spectacle-of-corruption-specter-is.html</ref>. Igihe yari mu rugo rw'inshuti ye Kate, Effe aryamana na se wa Kate kandi byangiza imbaraga z'uwo muryango<ref>https://france2.wiki/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film)</ref>. Amaherezo, muri film ya gatanu, Effe yahisemo guhindura ubuzima bwe aho kwangiza imiryango nubukwe, bifasha kurokora urugo no kongera kugirana ubucuti na Kate<ref>https://amp.freejournal.org/12161534/1/ghanaian-films.html</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Zaburi Adjeteyfio * Pascaline Edwards * Edinam Atatsi * Kwame Owusu-Ansah * Naana Hayford * Mawuli Semevo * Grace Omaboe * Agnes Dapaah * Nat Banini * Wendy Nortey * Henri Nartey * Abeiku Nyame (Jagger Pee) * Abeiku Acquah * Yvonne Boakye == Ibikurikira == '''''A Stab in the Dark''''' niyo yambere mu rukurikirane rwa firime eshanu ngufi zose ziyobowe na Veronica Quarshie kandi zasohotse hagati ya 1999 na 2003<ref>https://ngoc1vu1.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-state-of-mind.html</ref>. * ''Icyuma mu mwijima'' (1999) * ''Icyuma mu mwijima 2'' (2000) * ''Impanuka: Icyuma mu mwijima 3'' (2000) * ''Impapuro 2'' (2000) * ''Umujinya: Impanuka 3'' (2003) == Isesengura == ''A Stab in the Dark'' hamwe n’ibikurikira bizwiho kwibanda ku buhemu bw’abagabo nk’isoko y’amakimbirane yo mu miryango, igikoresho cy’umugambi kidakunze gukoreshwa muri sinema yo muri [[Gana]] na [[Nigeriya]]<ref>https://pascalinedwards.com/a-stab-in-the-dark-1999-2003/</ref>. == Kwakira == ''A Stab in the Dark'' hamwe nibisobanuro byayo bifatwa nkibimwe mubikorwa byiza bya Quarshie. ''A Stab in the Dark'' yatsindiye amafaranga kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo na FIlm nziza muri ibihembo bya Gana Movie Awards mu 2000<ref>https://kiplingthailand.com/new-england-vnfxao/a-stab-in-the-dark-ghanaian-movie</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ohbuutohaqt8msdr4hjpk3q5wbtllw3 14 9360 79959 2021-11-09T05:58:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 created category wikitext text/x-wiki ni filimi zaturutse ndetse zifitanye isano n'igihugu cya Ghana 2bhy110xpdxxn7ygt0ta2lxzr1exn5l 0 9361 80233 79961 2021-11-13T06:51:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Zinabu''''' ni filime yo muri [[Gana]] yo mu 1987 iyobowe na William Akuffo na Richard Quartey<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Zinabu-the-first-Ghanaian-film-to-be-shot-using-a-video-camera-827290</ref>. == Umugambi == Zinabu avuga amateka ''y'umupfumu winjiye mu bukristo.''<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Zinabu-the-first-Ghanaian-film-to-be-shot-using-a-video-camera-827290?gallery=1</ref> == Umusaruro == Filime yafashwe mu 1985 ikoresheje kamera ya videwo, aho kuba kamera ya firime<ref>https://ghanaianmuseum.com/tag/william-akuffo/</ref> . Video yari igikoresho gishya muri kiriya gihe, ariko Akuffo yamenye ibyiza amashusho ya videwo yari afite kuri firime, kubera ko selile yari ihenze kandi itanga imbogamizi zo kuyikwirakwiza<ref>https://www.ohioswallow.com/extras/9780896802865_toc_introduction.pdf</ref>. ''Zinabu'' yabaye firime ya mbere yo muri Gana yakozwe kuri videwo<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/ghallywood-evolution-ghanas-film-industry</ref>. == Ikwirakwizwa == Mu gihe cyo gutunganya ''Zinabu'', guverinoma ya [[Gana]] yashyizeho itegeko ribuza kureba amashusho, mu rwego rwo gukumira ingaruka mbi batekerezaga ko filime z’Abanyamerika n’Ubushinwa zitabifitiye uruhushya zigira ku muco wa [[Gana]]<ref>https://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/witches-holy-spirit-christian-film-production-ghana-katrien-pype/</ref>. Iri tegeko ryakuweho mu 1987, ahanini bitewe nakazi ka Akuffo. Filime yakiriye bwa mbere muri Globe Cinema. Kwerekanwa byari bigamije kwigana firime isanzwe: umukinnyi wa videwo ntabwo yabonaga abari aho, kandi Akuffo yari mucyumba cyo kwerekana<ref>https://www.culturalencyclopaedia.org/african-video-movies-and-global-desires.a-ghanaian-history-article</ref>. == Umurage == ''Zinabu'' nicyo kintu cya mbere cyerekana amashusho yo muri [[Gana]], gitangira uburyo bushya bwo gutunganya amafilime kavukire yakura mu ntangiriro ya za 90. Mu 1988, hasohotse filime ebyiri za videwo, ariko iyi zigera kuri zirindwi mu 1991, zirenga 50 muri 1993. Akuffo yakoze kandi ibisobanuro bitatu kuri ''Zinabu''<ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/5-timeless-ghanaian-movies-you-probably-havent-seen-before/</ref> <ref>https://www.nova-cinema.org/prog/2003/409/africa-films/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ssa9x16911qmff1n8k3s37h9bdk1k0i 0 9362 80234 79963 2021-11-13T06:55:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Nkaké''' (wavutse 15 Ugushyingo 1973) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Kameruni]] akaba n'umuririmbyi<ref>https://www.franceinter.fr/personnes/sandra-nkake</ref> == Ubuzima == Nkaké yavukiye i Yaoundé, muri [[Kameruni]] mu 1973. Afite imyaka 12, yimukiye mu [[Bufaransa]]<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/7250</ref>. Nkaké yakundaga umuziki kuva akiri muto, cyane Prince yavumbuye akiri ingimbi. Icyakora, yifuzaga kuba umwarimu wicyongereza kandi yiga i Paris ahitwa Sorbonne<ref>https://www.celebsagewiki.com/sandra-nkake</ref> . Igihe yari afite imyaka 20, yerekeje ibitekerezo kuri theatre, yerekana uruhare kandi aba umukinnyi. Nkaké yagaragaye bwa mbere muri ''The Crucible'' mu 1994, iyobowe na Thomas Ledouarec. Umwaka ukurikira, yagize uruhare muri ''Le Dindon'' <ref>https://www.cameroonmagazine.com/tag/sandra-nkake/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Nkaké yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ''Mansaadi'', ashyigikira iyi nyandiko n'ibitaramo birenga 200 ku isi, birimo ingendo muri [[Afurika]] na [[Berezile]]<ref>https://culture.tv5monde.com/musique/biographies-artistes/nkake-sandra-1492</ref>. Yanditseho icyubahiro Donny Hathaway kuri Album ya Stéphane Belmondo ya ''2011 Ever After''<ref>http://www.rhythmpassport.com/events/lamf-sandra-nkake-cameroonfrance-2012-french-music-awards-winner/</ref> . Muri 2012 alubumu ye ya kabiri ''Nothing for Granted'' yasohotse, yandikiranye na mugenzi we Ji Drû. Iyi alubumu yasohotse kuri label ya Jazz Village<ref>https://www.moods.digital/ja/vod/event/502/sandra-nkake-ji-dru.html</ref>. Ijwi ryerekana Nkaké ryamuteye kuba ikirangirire mu bugingo bwubufaransa. <ref>https://sandrankake.com/</ref> Yabonye igihembo cya Frank Ténot mu birori bya Victoires du Jazz muri Nyakanga 2012. Muri Nzeri 2017, yasohoye alubumu ye ya gatatu ''Tangerine Moon Wishing'', akaba yarabonaga ko ari amateka ye bwite<ref>https://www.france24.com/fr/20181015-culture-alaffiche-musique-sandra-nkake-justin-timberlake-filthy-ngonzo-soul-hommage</ref>. == Discography == * 2008 : ''Mansaadi'' (Cornershop / Naïve) * 2012 : ''Ntakintu cyatanzwe'' (Umudugudu wa Jazz / Harmonia Mundi) * 2017 : ''Icyifuzo cya Tangerine Ukwezi'' (Umudugudu wa Jazz) == Amashusho == * 1996 : ''Les Deux Papas et la Maman'' * 2000 : ''Umukobwa'' * 2003 : ''Bienvenue au gîte'' * 2004 : ''Umushoferi wa Casablanca'' * 2009 : ''Umwami Guillaume'' * 2011 : ''Toi, moi, les autres'' * 2014 : ''Ntabwo Ubwoko bwanjye'' * 2015 : ''Mes chers disparus'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) : Brigitte Elbert * 2016 : ''Bienvenue au Gondwana'' * 2017 : ''La Fin De La Nuit'' : Nanda * 2017 : ''Une saison mu Bufaransa'' * 2018 : ''Ifoto de Famille'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] nbbtj2m5y9pb5bpuritx1gi5qjfip6s 0 9363 80235 79965 2021-11-13T07:00:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koffi Gahou''' (22 Ukwakira 1947 - 24 Kanama 2019) yari umuhanzi, umukinnyi wa filime, n'umuyobozi<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=6107</ref>. == Ubuzima == Gahou yavukiye i Cotonou ku ya 22 Ukwakira 1947. Yize kuva 1986 kugeza 1989 mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ikinamico muri Kaminuza ya Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3<ref>https://matinlibre.com/2019/08/26/benin-le-monde-culturel-pleure-koffi-gahou/</ref>, abona uruhushya rwo kwigisha. Kuva mu 1985 kugeza 1986 Gahou yakoraga umwuga wo kwimenyereza muri Conservatoire national supérieur d'art ikinamico i Paris maze mu 1988, yimenyereza umwuga muri Institut international de la marionnette<ref>https://actubenin.com/carnet-noirlartiste-koffi-gahou-nest-plus</ref>. Guhera mu 1974, yize ubwe mu buhanzi bwa plastiki, imashini zometse ku rukuta, amashusho, ndetse n’imbere<ref>https://lanouvelletribune.info/2019/08/benin-lartiste-koffi-gahou-nest-plus/</ref>. Gahou yinjiye mu bakozi ba Leta nk'umuhanzi kandi akora ibitaramo mu itsinda rya "Cerveaux noirs". Yashinze kandi itsinda ry’ikinamico "Zama Hara"<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0229234/characters/nm0301121</ref>, yagize imurikagurisha ryinshi ry’ibikorwa bye muri [[Afurika]], [[Uburayi]], Cuba, na [[Amerika]].<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/personnalite/koffi-gahou,581100.php</ref> Gahou yakoze imyenda "Yovo Helou e, Akowe helou e" mu 1990. Irerekana imbata zifatanije amaboko inyuma, kandi byari byiza cyane<ref>https://www.theatre-contemporain.net/biographies/Koffi-Gahou/</ref>. Mu 2000, Gahou yakinnye murumuna wa Boubacar, umuhinzi, muri film ya Jean Odoutan ''Barbecue Pejo''<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g11h84q5f68?hl=es</ref> . Mu mashusho ya videwo muri Mata 2019, Gahou yasabye ko yishyurwa miliyoni 30 z’amafaranga CFA y’umudepite wo muri Bénine yategetswe kumuha n’Urugereko rwa 3 rw’ubucuruzi rw’urukiko rwa Cotonou<ref>https://www.franceinter.fr/personnes/koffi-gahou</ref>. Iki kibazo cyaturutse mu marushanwa yo mu 2007 Gahou yatsinze ariko ntiyabona amafaranga yigihembo. <ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Koffi_Gahou/78137</ref>Gahou yapfuye ku ya 24 Kanama 2019 i Abomey . Umuhango wo kumushyingura wabaye ku ya 25 Nzeri<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=83887.html</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] 70fhji8pf7tjl0vp5eh2hzceg09f02j 0 9364 80236 79967 2021-11-13T07:05:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faissol Fahad Bolade Gnonlonfin''' (wavutse 1985) n'umuyobozi wa firime akaba n'umu producer<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=34881</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2012, Gnonlonfin yakoze ifoto ye ya mbere, ''Obalé le chasseur'', agaragaza umuturage wo muri Bénine winjiye mu itsinda ry’abahigi<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/faissol-gnonlonfin/34881</ref>. Yize kuriyi ngingo imyaka ibiri kandi yitegereza impaka hagati yabahiga gakondo nabashinzwe kubungabunga inyamaswa<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/135603/societe/b-nin-faissol-fahad-gnonlonfin-d-fricheur-d-images/</ref>. Nk’uko uwahoze ari umwarimu Jean-François Hautin abitangaza ngo umuzungu ntabwo yashoboraga gufata amashusho neza umuhango w'abahiga<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/421781/faissol-gnonlonfin</ref>. Filime ya kabiri ya Gnonlonfin ''Ni ici ni ailleur'' isuzuma icyerekezo cyo kurwanya ikoreshwa rya gaze ya shale muri Ardèche, ikayihuza no gukuramo umutungo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_68051_F</ref>. Nyuma yo kwibanda ku documentaire, inyinshi muri zo zabonye ibihembo, Gnonlonfin yatangiye gukora ibihimbano mu 2014. Muri 2017, yakoranye na Berni Goldblat hamwe na sosiyete ikora Les Lesms du Djabadjah kuri ''Wallay''<ref>https://www.24haubenin.info/Le-beninois-Faissol-Gnonlonfin-attendu-au-Festival-de-Cannes-2021</ref> . Yasohowe cyane, itorwa mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage 2017<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=812097.html</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2018, Gnonlonfin yayoboye amahugurwa yo gutunganya amashusho muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]].<ref>Images francophones</ref> Gnonlonfin yashinze isosiyete ikora Merveilles Production kugirango ishishikarize abakora firime. Yibera cyane mubufaransa ariko amara hafi amezi abiri mumwaka muri Bénin<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Faissol_Gnonlonfin/5662026</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ee11dkp8q9tjok0t5jz3g8ouppsmfcr 0 9365 80237 79969 2021-11-13T07:09:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amédée Pacôme Nkoulou''' (wavutse 1988) ni umuyobozi wa film muri [[Gabon|Gabon.]]<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=36237</ref> == Umwuga == Nkoulou yakiriye impamyabumenyi ye mu 2007 hanyuma ajya kwiga ibijyanye na sinema ndetse n’amajwi yerekana amashusho muri Institut Supérieur de l'Imashusho et du Son muri [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]]<ref>https://dafilms.com/director/10799-amedee-pacome-nkoulou</ref> . Yagarutse muri Gabon mu 2011 akora akazi ko kwimenyereza umwuga mu mishinga myinshi. <ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/amedee-pacome-nkoulou/36237</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wungirije kuri ''L'oeil de la cité ya'' Samantha Biffot (2012), Dialemi ya Nadine ''Otsobogo'' (2013) na ''Sans Famille ya'' Pauline Mvélé (2013)<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=857387.html</ref>. Muri 2014, filime ya mbere ya Nkoulou, ''Moane Mory'', iminota 20 ngufi, yasohotse nyuma yimyaka ibiri yo kwitegura<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51886_1</ref>. Ku nkunga yatanzwe n’ikigo cya leta cya Gabon Igis, iyi filime yerekana inama yabereye mu imurikagurisha ry’ubuhanzi hagati y’umunyeshuri ukiri muto Isa na Jack<ref>https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2018/boxing-libreville/</ref>, umurangi uri mu myaka 40, bikura mu rukundo. ''Moane Mory'' yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ry’iburayi ryabereye i Libreville no muri firime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2014<ref>http://www.lussasdoc.org/rea-amedee_pacome_nkoulou-1,95358.html</ref> . Filime ye ya kabiri, ''Une vie après le bloc'', yasohotse mu 2016<ref>https://www.gabonreview.com/fabrique-cinema-de-lif-pacome-nkoulou-et-samantha-biffot-en-rampe-de-lancement-pour-le-festival-de-cannes/</ref>. Iyi documentaire isuzuma abaganga babiri bo muri Gabon bashiraho pacemakers na prostateque yivi. Filime ya mbere ya Nkoulou ngenge yitwa ''Boxe Libreville'', yasohotse muri 2018<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Amedee_Pacome_Nkoulou/5464297</ref>. Irerekana umusore wifuza guterana amakofe, Christ, igihe yitoza i Libreville hagati y’amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Gaboniya 2016<ref>https://www.lescinemasdumonde.com/fr/la-fabrique/2021/projet/les-fresques-des-oublies</ref> . ''Umukinnyi w'iteramakofe Libreville'' yinjiye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Filime ngufi na Hagati muri Vision du Réel <ref>https://bibliotheques.paris.fr/search.aspx?SC=CATALOGUE&QUERY=Contributor_id_exact:%22277:748411%22&QUERY_LABEL=Nkoulou,%20Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e%20Pac%C3%B4me.%20Metteur%20en%20sc%C3%A8ne%20ou%20r%C3%A9alisateur</ref>. Yabonye igihembo cya documentaire nziza muri Festival de cine africano de Tarif muri Espagne. Yerekanwe mu bindi birori byinshi bya firime, harimo Internationales Dokumentarfilmf Festival München na Ecrans Noirs muri Kameruni<ref>https://en.unesco.org/creativity/capacity-building/experts/u/44531</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] eew7taps1covoulvyp3j0dvfismgogr 0 9366 80238 79972 2021-11-13T08:13:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samantha Biffot''' (wavutse 1985) ni umwanditsi wa sinema wa [[Gabon]]-[[Igifaransa]], utunganya amafilime akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=13288</ref>. == Ubuzima == Biffot yavukiye i [[Paris]] mu 1985. Yabayeho mu bwana bwe hagati ya [[Gabon]], [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]] y'Epfo [[Ubufaransa|n'Ubufaransa]], kandi uburere bwe butandukanye bwagize imico myinshi nyuma yo gukina film<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/samantha-biffot/</ref>. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ye, yize muri École Supérieure de Réalisation Audiovisuelle i [[Paris]] aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya sinema mu 2007<ref>https://canneseries.com/en/online/samantha-biffot-creator-of-the-series-mami-wata/</ref>. Amashuri arangije, Biffot yarangije kwimenyereza gukora kuri televiziyo na firime nyinshi mu [[Bufaransa]]<ref>https://en.unesco.org/creativity/capacity-building/experts/u/44531</ref>. Biffot yasubiye muri [[Gabon]] mu 2010 aho yashinze isosiyete ya "Princesse M Production" hamwe na Pierre-Adrien Ceccaldi<ref>https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt//talent/samantha-biffot/profile</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2011, yateguye amahugurwa mu kwerekana amashusho, gukora, gushushanya no gutunganya mu rwego mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’inkiko z’ishuri i Libreville.<ref>https://www.gabonreview.com/fespaco-2021-samantha-biffot-remporte-le-2e-prix-series-tele/</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2013, televiziyo ye ''L'Œil de la cité'' (Ijisho ry'umujyi) yahawe igihembo cy'uruhererekane rwiza rwa [[Afurika]] mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya Ouagadougou<ref>https://adweknow.com/entretien-samantha-biffot/</ref> . Uruhererekane rwasuzumye ibyaha by’imihango n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’imibereho, buri gice kigira imyitwarire irangiye<ref>http://www.lussasdoc.org/rea-samantha_biffot-1,73062.html</ref>. Yavuze ko yayobowe nuruhererekane ''rwabanyamerika Tales kuva muri Crypt'', kandi urukurikirane rwe rwakozwe na Institut Gabonais de l'Image et du Son<ref>https://www.africapt-festival.fr/samantha-biffot-gabon/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Biffot yasohoye documentaire Africa Who Wanted to fly, yerekana ubuzima bwa shebuja wa Gabon kung fu, Luc Bendza . Iyi filime yahawe igihembo cyihariye cy’abacamanza mu iserukiramuco Escales Socumentaires de Libreville ndetse no kuba Filime Nziza mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry'i [[Burundi]] mu mwaka wa 2017<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/samantha-biffot/13288</ref>. ''Africa Who Wanted to fly'' yanerekanwe muri Internationales Dokumentarfilmf Festival München no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika ryabereye i New York.<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_73062_F</ref> == Amashusho == * 2013: ''L'Œil de la cité'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2016: ''Umunyafurika Washakaga Kuguruka'' (documentaire) * 2016-2020: ''Ababyeyi uburyo bwa d'emploi Afrique'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2017: ''Tagisi Sagat'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2018: ''Itumanaho rya Kongossa'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2019: ''Sakho & Mangane'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] lvjzims5xlm6ma5gq10lec7gseqr8iv 0 9367 79974 2021-11-09T10:51:47Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Mwiseneza Josiane == mumwaka wi 2019 mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu marushanwa ya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] wu Rwanda nibwo hamenyekanye izina Mwiseneza Josiane ubwo yabaga miss popularity cyangwa umukobwa watowe nimbaga nyamwinshi yabatuye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. == Kwivuko == Mwiseneza Josiane wabaye umukobwa watowe cyane nabantu cyangwa Miss popularity yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Ndengwa mu Kagari ka Kibirizi mu murenge wa Rubengera mu Akarere ka Ka..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Mwiseneza Josiane == mumwaka wi 2019 mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu marushanwa ya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] wu Rwanda nibwo hamenyekanye izina Mwiseneza Josiane ubwo yabaga miss popularity cyangwa umukobwa watowe nimbaga nyamwinshi yabatuye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. == Kwivuko == Mwiseneza Josiane wabaye umukobwa watowe cyane nabantu cyangwa Miss popularity yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Ndengwa mu Kagari ka Kibirizi mu murenge wa Rubengera mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka Karongi]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|ntara y'iburengerazuba]] Mwiseneza wavuzeko atakunze kubana na se umubyara cyane kuko se yabaga yagiye gushakisha imibereho mu gihugu cyabaturanyi cya [[Uganda]] ahubwo yakunze kubana na Nyina nabandi Bavandimwe be bavukanaga.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-mwiseneza-josiane-yapfushije-se</ref> == Kwambikwa impeta == Miss Mwiseneza Josiane yambitswe Impeta kugicamunsi cyo kuwa 15 Kanama ayambikwa nu umusore witwa Tuyishimire Christian ayambikirwa mu [[Akarere ka Musanze|Karere ka Musanze]] ibirori bya bereye muri Hotel Centre Pastoral notre dame de Fatima byari ibirori byuje ibyishimo kuri Josiane n umukunziwe Tuyishimire kuko bari banashyigikiwe nabamwe mubakobwa bahataniraga ikamba rya Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] wa 2019 nka [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] w'umurage n 'umuco [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] Ricca Michaelle Kbahenda na Miss Teta Angel Nicole ndetse nabandi benshi batandukanye inshuti n' umuryango.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105721/nta-kanunu-ku-bukwe-bwa-miss-mwiseneza-josiane-umaze-amezi-10-yambitswe-impeta-105721.html</ref> == Ikibabaje kuri Miss Josiane == Nyuma yuko miss Mwiseneza Josiane abaye icyamamare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yaje gutangaza ko yabuze umubyiwe umubyara papa we waguye muri [[Uganda]] azize uburwayi. yitabye Imana tariki 22 nyakanga 2019.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-mwiseneza-josiane-yapfushije-se</ref> == Ibihuha kuri Josiane == Miss Mwiseneza nyuma ya amezi make yambitswe Impeta nuwari ya musezeranyije ko bazarushinga haje kuvugwa inkuru nyinshi zirimo ko batandukanye. abandi batangaza ko Miss ya Twaye inda ndetse akanishyingra abandi batangaza ko nyuma yo kubengwa nuwo musore yabonye undi wo kumuhoza amarira murizo nkuru zose harimo byinshi Joisiane yahakaniye imbere y'itangaza makuru.<ref>https://inkanga.com/miss-mwiseneza-josiane-nyuma-yo-kubengwa-numusore-waherukaga-kumwambika-impeta-yabonye-undi-umuhoza-amarira/</ref> == Shakira hano == 9nitnwmryoz9yxk5gg69u985itr0ozh 0 9368 80239 79976 2021-11-13T08:16:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The African Who Wanted to Fly''''' ( French ) ni filime yo muri Gabon ya 2016 iyobowe na [[Samantha Biffot]]<ref>https://vimeo.com/ondemand/theafricanwhowantedtofly</ref> . Igice gishingiye kubuzima bwa Luc Bendza . Filime yakozwe mu ndimi ebyiri, [[Gishinwa|Igishinwa]] [[Igifaransa|n'Igifaransa]], kandi yari ifite insanganyamatsiko [[Icyongereza|y'icyongereza.]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly/</ref> == Umusaruro == '''''The African Who Wanted to Fly''''' yakozwe na Neon Rouge, afatanije na Theatre Company Theatre ( [[Ubufaransa]] )<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/event/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly/</ref>. Scenese yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Gabon]], no mu Bushinwa. Umuziki wari ugizwe nindirimbo zishinwa.<ref>https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/2021-festival/programme/event/678/</ref> == Umugambi == Urebye filime Big Boss, umwana wo muri [[Gabon]] yavumbuye Kung Fu ahitamo kujya mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] afite imyaka 15 gusa<ref>https://www.filmafrica.org/film-africa-events/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly-lafricain-qui-voulait-voler/</ref>. Yize ko azaba umunyafrica wambere wize ibihangano bya Kung Fu. Ahinduka inararibonye muri yo<ref>https://bampfa.org/event/african-who-wanted-fly</ref>. == Kwerekanwa == * Iyi filime yarebwaga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika muri kaminuza ya Duke ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2019<ref>https://canneseries.com/en/online/samantha-biffot-creator-of-the-series-mami-wata/</ref>. * ''Ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2017, Maysles Documentary Centre'' yerekanye filime mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 24 rya New York muri New York<ref>https://www.nga.gov/research/casva/publications/center-report/center-41/members-reports/samantha-a-noel.html</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] li9b0eky3ala5aeuk55o4jm0lvbr7ws 0 9369 80241 80240 2021-11-13T08:44:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Idahosa Trails''''' ni film yikinamico yo muri [[Nigeriya]] 2017 yanditswe, yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Stanlee Ohikhuare<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/IdahosaTrails</ref> . Irimo Charles Okafor, David Schifter, Liz Benson, Osas Ighodaro, Frank Donga <ref>https://medium.com/@thrivemediadistrib2/idahosa-trails-press-release-the-indiefest-awards-usa-c234d55203fc</ref>. Ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw’umunyamakuru w’umunyamerika witwa Thomas Book (ugaragazwa na David Schifter) ushaka kubaza arikiyesipoki Benson Idahosa(ugaragazwa na Charles Okafor) ashingiye ku myumvire ye ku ruhare Idahosa yagize mu gukira mu buryo bw'igitangaza umuyobozi w'icyamamare muri Umujyi wa Benin<ref>https://nollywoodobserver.wordpress.com/tag/stanlee-ohikhuare/</ref>, gukira kwe kwabayeho nyuma yimyaka itandatu muri koma. Iyi filime yasohotse mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2017 na Mighty Jot Studios mu mujyi wa Benin, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://connectnigeria.com/articles/idahosa-trails-movie-cinemas/</ref> . == Umugambi == Igitabo cya Thomas kiri mu rugendo rugana mu mujyi wa kera wa Bénin, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/</ref>, kugira ngo ukore documentaire y’iperereza ku mihango y'ibanga yakozwe mu gihe cyo kwimika Oba nshya<ref>https://www.informationng.com/2017/11/idahosa-trails-premieres-amidst-applause.html</ref>. Ntiyashoboye kubona amakuru ahagije kubera urwego rwo hejuru rwibanga ruzengurutse imihango.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/charles-okafor-plays-late-benson-idahosa-in-idahosa-trails/</ref> Mugihe yitegura kuva mu mujyi, yumva inkuru yumukuru wamamaye waho wari umaze kubyuka muri koma yimyaka itandatu ahitamo kwandika inkuru.<ref>https://nlist.ng/people/stanlee-ohikhuare-177/credits/</ref> Yizeye ko inkuru izaba indishyi zimwe na zimwe kubera ko atabonye amakuru ku cyicaro gikuru, yahisemo kujya mu bitaro. Mu bitaro, umuforomo atanga ubufasha bwo gusobanura igihe abaza umugabo<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/10/coming-soon-idahosa-trails.html</ref>. Arashoboye kubaza ikibazo kimwe mbere yuko abagize umuryango wumugabo binjira kugirango bahagarike ikiganiro cye. Mu kiganiro kigufi, Thomas yashoboye kubona izina ryumugabo, izina Idahosa . Ageze mucyumba cye cya hoteri yumva izina rimwe kuri TV ya Idahosa World Outreach<ref>https://thenativemag.com/see-full-list-nominees-6th-edition-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/</ref>. Yibwira ko Idahosa igomba kuba yaragize uruhare runini mu gukira k'umusaza. Yandika aderesi na nimero ya terefone yerekanwe, maze yerekeza ku cyicaro gikuru cya Idahosa World Outreach mu mujyi wa Benin. Ageze mu rusengero, Thomas ahura n’umupasitori ukiri muto uzwi ku izina rya Pasiteri Osas (Kunle Idowu) amusaba kugaruka bukeye kugira ngo abonane na Benson Idahosa<ref>https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/movie-trailer-idahosa-trails/</ref>. Pasiteri ukiri muto aha Thomas igitabo cyo gusoma kuri Idahosa. Kubera umunezero witerambere rishya, Thomas yongeye guhindura indege atangira kwitegura iyi nkuru nshya ya Idahosa. Ageze mu cyumba cye cya hoteri, Thomas yahinduye igitabo n'amaso asinziriye<ref>https://www.informationng.com/2017/11/idahosa-trails-premieres-amidst-applause.html</ref>, maze agwa mu kantu maze yisanga mu kongera gushyira mu bikorwa inkuru ivugwa muri iki gitabo. Bukeye, Thomas ahura na Pasiteri Osas maze bahagarara ahantu henshi batatsinzwe ahantu hatandukanye aho pasiteri ukiri muto yasezeranije Thomas ko bazabona Idahosa bakabona inkuru ye<ref>https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/</ref>. Iminsi ibiri irashize kandi Thomas ntashobora guhura na Idahosa ariko buri joro agarutse mucyumba cye cya hoteri, akomeza gusoma igitabo kuri Idahosa<ref>https://selahafrik.com/2017/10/idahosa-trails-trailer/</ref>. Kimwe nijoro rya mbere, arasinzira asoma igitabo maze yibonera kongera gushyirwaho inkuru zerekanwa muri iki gitabo. Yakomeje gukurikira Pasiteri Osas agamije kujya kubaza Arkiyepiskopi Idahosa<ref>http://theoloja.blogspot.com/2017/08/idahosa-trails-review-by-ngozi-mcewen.html</ref>. Umunsi umwe mbere yuko Thomas ateganijwe kugenda, yatunguwe no kumenya ko Idahosa yapfuye. Ubu buvumbuzi buganisha ku guterana amagambo hagati ye na Pasiteri Osas biganisha ku maso. Mugihe ibintu bitunguranye, Thomas Yatewe nimpanuka isiga Pasiteri aryamye hasi nta bwenge<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Frank_Donga</ref>. Yari afite amatsiko yo kumva uruhare rwa Idahosa mu gitangaza kigaragara cy'umusaza yabajije mu bitaro. Pasiteri Osas yatekereje ko Thomas azi urupfu rwa Idahosa maze akeka ko yashakaga gusa kubaza abantu ubuzima bwabo umurimo wa Idahosa wagize ingaruka nziza<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/charles-okafor-plays-late-benson-idahosa-in-idahosa-trails/</ref>. Thomas, ubu urujijo agomba guhuriza hamwe ibimenyetso kuko abonye imbaraga zo gutangira urugendo rwo kuvumbura; kubona ukuri, kwizera n'agakiza<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/IdahosaTrails</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Charles Okafor nka Benson Idahosa * David Schifter nk'igitabo cya Thomas * Liz Benson-Ameye nka Sara * Osas Ighodaro nka Osamuede * Adedamola Akapo nkumusore Benson Idahosa * Kunle Idowu nka Pasiteri Osas * Daisy Morsi nka Margaret Idahosa * Florence Iyamu nka Edede * Ronya Mangertzman nka Madamu Igitabo cya Tomasi * Patrick Doyle nka John Idahosa == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qcsibqy54ctce2wb5hbfclnm3s6q2a5 0 9370 80242 79980 2021-11-13T08:49:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Tatu''''' ni filimi yasohotse 2017 muri Nigeria iyoborwa na Don Omope<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/movie-review-hits-misses-don-omopes-tatu/</ref>. Yanditswe na Jude Idada kandi yahinduwe mu gitabo "Tatu"<ref>https://lefilmcamerounais.com/2021/07/14/creating-good-products-is-the-secret-to-being-on-netflix-following-don-omope/</ref>, cyanditswe na Abraham Nwankwo mu 2014. Filime yakiriye ibihembo byinshi muri 2018 Magic Magic Viewers Choice Awards<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/tatu,n6505649.php</ref> . Iyi filime kandi yahawe ibihembo byinshi muri [[Afurika]] Magic Choice Awards 2018<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film122091.html</ref>. == Inyandiko == Muri Tatu, tubona ubuzima bw'umubyeyi no kugerageza gukiza igitekerezo cy'umukobwa we w'ikinege watanzwe nk'igitambo cyo guhongerera ibyaha<ref>https://www.eelive.ng/don-omope/</ref>. == Umusaruro == Tatu yarasiwe ahantu muri Lagos, na [[Abuja]] . Yafashwe amashusho mu gihe cy'amezi 12<ref>https://thewhistler.ng/abraham-nwankwos-film-tatu-now-on-netflix/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Toyin Abraham * Segun Arinze * Gabriel Afolayan * Desmond Elliott * Rahama Sadau * Sambasa Nzeribe * Funlola Aofiyebi-Raimi * Hafiz 'Saka' Oyetoro * Frank Donga == Kurekura == Tatu yarekuwe bwa mbere mu ikinamico muri Nyakanga 2017 muri [[Nijeriya]], kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Eko Hotel Convention Centre, ku kirwa cya Victoria<ref>https://www.talkafricanmovies.com/tatu/</ref>. Muri 2019, iyi filime yongewe ku rutonde rwa Netflix mu gihe iyi sosiyete yakomeje gushora imari mu nganda nyafurika<ref>http://judithaudu.blogspot.com/2017/09/new-movie-alert-don-omope-tatu.html</ref>. == Kwakira == Tatu yakiriwe neza na rubanda. Kuri benshi mubareba, firime yari ifite ubushobozi butujujwe. Kuri Nollywood Reinvented, firime yari ifite amanota 52%.<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/09/case-great-acting-terrible-execution-franklin-ugobude-reviews-tatu-movie/</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rwibihembo ! Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="16" | 2017 | rowspan="16" | Ibyiza bya Nollywood Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza mu mwanya wambere - Icyongereza | Gabriel Afolayan |- | Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano - Icyongereza | Rahama Sadau |- | Umukinnyi Wunganira Umukinnyi mwiza - Icyongereza | Segun Arinze, Sambasa Nzeribe |- | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira umukinnyi - Icyongereza | Toyin Abraham, Funlola Aofiyebi-Raimi |- | Abakinnyi benshi basezerana | Suara Olayinka |- | Umukinnyi mwiza wumukinnyi mwiza | Teniola Awobiyi |- | Umukinnyi mwiza wumukinnyi | Dumebi Nzeribe |- | Filime hamwe na Screenplay nziza | rowspan="8" | ''Tatu'' |- | Filime hamwe no Guhindura Byiza |- | Filime hamwe nijwi ryiza |- | Filime hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyiza |- | Filime hamwe na Sinema nziza |- | Gukoresha neza Imyambarire ya Nigeriya muri Firime |- | Gukoresha Byiza bya Makiya muri Firime |- | Filime y'umwaka |- | Umuyobozi w'umwaka | Don Omope |- | rowspan="10" | 2018 | rowspan="11" | Afurika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards | Filime nziza ya Sinema / Urukurikirane rwa TV | ''Tatu'' (Akpe Ododura) |- | Umwanditsi mwiza wijwi | ''Tatu'' (Kolade Morakinyo) |- | Filime Nziza Nziza / Urukurikirane rwa TV | ''Tatu'' (Evelle) |- | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira | Toyin Aimakhu, Funfola Afofiyebi-Raimi |- | Filime nziza muri Afrika yuburengerazuba | ''Tatu'' |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | Don Omope ( ''Tatu'' ) |- | Umuyobozi mwiza wubuhanzi | Don Omope, Yolanda Okereke, Segun Arinze, Tolu Awobiye ( ''Tatu'' ) |- | Umuyoboro mwiza wo Kumurika Filime / Urukurikirane rwa TV | Akpe Ododuru, Tunde Akinniyi ( ''Tatu'' ) |- | Filime nziza yimyambarire ya firime / Urukurikirane rwa TV | Yolanda Okereke |- | Ibyiza Gukora Filime Yabahanzi / Urukurikirane rwa TV | Thelma Ozy Smith, Ingaruka ya Hakeem Onilogbo |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] lvwq04ng6j4r0e7wqgyqe32gppmuko6 0 9371 80244 80243 2021-11-13T08:54:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Amashusho */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Aquereburu''' (wavutse ku ya 11 Mutarama 1977) ni umwanditsi wa sinema, atunganya amafilime akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime<ref>https://afrique.lalibre.be/60452/angela-aquereburu-dans-mes-series-je-veux-montrer-une-afrique-qui-fait-rever/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Aquereburu yavukiye muri [[Togo]] umubyeyi ukomoka muri [[Gwadelupe|Guadeloupe]]<ref>https://myafricainfos.com/togo-qui-est-angela-aquereburu/</ref> . Ashishikajwe n'ubuhanzi kuva akiri muto, yize muri Togo na Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe mbere yo kwimukira i Paris kwiga mu ishuri ry'ubucuruzi rya ESCP <ref>https://adweknow.com/entretien-angela-aquereburu-directrice-de-societe-de-production-yobo-studios/</ref>. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu kwihangira imirimo. Aquereburu yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime Jean-Luc Rabatel kandi akora mu bakozi imyaka myinshi<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/664246/culture/angela-aquereburu-la-shonda-rhimes-togolaise/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2008, ubwo yari mu biruhuko muri Togo, yamenye ko kuri televiziyo hari amakinamico gusa, maze afatanije n’umugabo we bazana igitekerezo cyo gukurikiranya filimi yitwa motorcycle taxis.<ref>http://www.tv5monde.com/programmes/fr/programme-tv-les-maternelles-d-afrique-quelle-langue-parler-a-la-maison/58711/</ref> Umwaka ukurikira, Aquereburu na Rabatel bimukiye i Lomé maze bashinga isosiyete ikora amajwi n'amashusho Yobo Studios<ref>https://www.programme-tv.net/biographie/371867-aquereburu-angela/</ref>. Igitekerezo cyabo cyo kwerekana tagisi cyashingiweho kuri ''Zem'', mini-serie ya episode 26 yiminota itanu, ifatanije na Canal + Afrique.<ref>https://copainsdavant.linternaute.com/p/angela-aquereburu-779348</ref> Umushinga we ukurikira wari urukurikirane rugufi rwa filimi ya ''Palabres''<ref>https://forbesafrique.com/angela-aquereburu-productrice-de-series-a-succes/</ref> . Muri 2017, yatangije ''ibitaro IT'', bikemura ibibazo byabaturage nka malariya no kwera uruhu kandi byibanda ku mico Idriss na Tania<ref>http://africine.org/personne/angela-aquereburu/21843</ref>. Aquereburu yavuze ko yatewe inkunga n'inda ye ya kabiri yo gukora iki gitaramo. Grey's Anatomy yagize uruhare runini. Yatsindiye igihembo cy'uruhererekane rwiza mu iserukiramuco rya Vues d'Afrique i Montreal<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/search.php?stype=director&sn&stext=Angela%20Aquereburu</ref>.<ref>https://africafilmproducers.org/membership/angela-aquereburu-3/</ref> == Amashusho == * 2009 : Zem Igihe cya 1 (26x5min), umuyobozi * 2012 : Palabres (26x5min), umuyobozi * 2016 : Mi-Temps (40x3min), umuyobozi * 2016 : Zem season 2 (50x3min), umuyobozi * 2017 : Ibitaro IT (26x26min), umuyobozi * 2017 : Zem igihe cya 3 (60x3min), umuyobozi * 2018 : Les Maternelles d'Afrique Igihe cya 1 (20x26min), uwakiriye * 2019 : Oasis Igihe cya 1 (20x26min), umuyobozi * 2019 : Les Maternelles d'Afrique Igihe cya 2 (26x26min), uwakiriye * 2020 : Les Maternelles d'Afrique Igihe cya 3 (26x26), uwakiriye == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 6u4dqyrzaiozelsixkrf5qytcs0o9fo 0 9372 80245 79984 2021-11-13T09:41:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amal Bedjaoui''' (wavutse ku ya 27 Nyakanga 1963) ni umuyobozi wa filime yo muri [[Alijeriya]], producer, n'umwanditsi<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=5843</ref>. Yavukiye muri Algiers, yize ibijyanye no gukina filime muri kaminuza ya New York <ref>https://www.f6s.com/amalbedjaoui</ref>. Yarangije muri Institut des hautes études cinématographiques hanyuma abona Master of Advanced Studies in Sinema muri kaminuza ya Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne mu 1987<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/24837/a-son</ref>. Amaze imyaka itari mike akora nk'umuyobozi wungirije akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe gutunganya amafilime y kandi nk'umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ibikino<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=21505.html</ref>. Filime ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Une vue imprenable'', yasohotse mu 1993. Filime ye ya kabiri ngufi, ''Shoot me Angel'', yasohotse mu 1995<ref>https://copainsdavant.linternaute.com/p/amal-bedjaoui-1970165</ref> .ahabwa igihembo cya Panorama mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Berlin<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1144674-amal-bedjaoui</ref> . Mu 2002, yashinze isosiyete ikora filimi ya ML Productions. Umwaka ukurikira, yayoboye kandi akora firime yiminota 58 ''Un Fils''<ref>http://www.algeriades.com/amal-bedjaoui/article/un-fils-d-amal-bedjaoui</ref> . ''Un fils'' ivuga amateka ya Selim, indaya y'umusore n'umubano we na madamu mukuru.<ref>https://www.cinefil.com/star/amal-bedjaoui</ref> Igice kinini cya firime gihinduranya hagati y'umunsi usanzwe kumanywa, nka Selim guhura na se, hamwe nijoro aho ubushakashatsi bwerekeranye nigitsina. Yavuzwe nk "icyitegererezo cy’ubwenegihugu bushingiye ku gitsina<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/viaf-52019098</ref>." Bedjaoui ni umukobwa wumudiplomate akaba n'umunyapolitiki Mohammed Bedjaoui <ref>https://www.comingsoon.it/personaggi/amal-bedjaoui/184323/biografia/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] d9h4rnn39knfu68eemr5fh6gjsg5r0y 0 9373 80246 79986 2021-11-13T09:45:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Roma wa la n'toura''''' (Icyongereza: '''''Rome Rather Than You'''''; Igifaransa: '''''Rome plutôt que vous''''' ) ni filime y’ikinamico yo muri 2006 yakorewe muri [[Alijeriya]]-[[Igifaransa|abafaransa]] [[Ubudage|n’Ubudage]] iyobowe na Tariq Teguia ikinwamo na Samira Kaddour na Rachid Amrani nk’urubyiruko babiri bashaka kuva muri Alijeriya n'intambara y'abenegihugu ya Alijeriya kugira ngo bagire ejo hazaza heza<ref>https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2019/rome-rather-than-you/</ref><ref>https://www.visionsdureel.ch/film/2019/rome-rather-than-you/</ref>. Nibikorwa bya Teguia byerekanwe bwa mbere.<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/film/66294/</ref> (Yabanje gukora filime ngufi na documentaire ya 2002. ) Filime yatsindiye igihembo cyihariye cyabacamanza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Friborg 2007.<ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/filmfestival/films/rome-rather-than-you</ref> == Umugambi == Kamel w'imyaka 20 n'inshuti ye, Zina w'imyaka makumyabiri n'itatu, bashakisha muri [[Alijeriya]] Bosco ucuruza abantu kugira ngo babone pasiporo mpimbano kugira ngo bashobore kuva mu gihugu berekeza i Roma<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/28304/rome-rather-than-you</ref>. == Kwakira == ''Abanenga ibinyamakuru bitandukanye,'' Robert Koehler yashimye "Umukinnyi wa mbere wa Tariq Teguia.<ref>https://harvardfilmarchive.org/calendar/rome-rather-than-you-2012-10</ref> . . Nubwo ibihe bya nyuma biteganijwe, kugerayo ndetse na nyuma yacyo byerekana Teguia kuba umuyobozi w’amasezerano akomeye "<ref>https://mubi.com/films/rome-rather-than-you</ref>. Koehler yemeje kandi "ibihangano bisanzwe, byoroshye imikorere" ya Kaddoui na Amrani. <ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/rome-rather-than-you-v392802</ref> Mu ''kinyamakuru Slant'', ariko, Eric Henderson yabonaga ko iyi filime "yatekerejwe mu bwirasi, yiyitirira ko yakozwe, kandi ikaba ndende<ref>https://filmstudycenter.fas.harvard.edu/fellows-works/tariq-teguia/</ref>". == Abakinnyi == * Samira Kaddour nka Zina * Rachid Amrani nka Kamel * Ahmed Benaissa nk'umupolisi * Kader Affak nka Malek * Lali Maloufi nka Merzak * Moustapha Benchaïb nka Mahmoud * Khaddra Boudedhane nka nyina wa Zina * Rabbie Azzabi nkumusore wambaye siporo * Fethi Ghares nkumusore mugukora hejuru == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] hn1x2iovs5vmvvjsjgsep0v94hu0aly 0 9374 80247 79988 2021-11-13T09:50:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Omo Ghetto''''' (English translation: '''''Child of the Ghetto)''''' ni filimi yasohotse 2010 muri [[Nigeria]] iyoborwa na Abiodun Olarenwaju, Star Funke Akindele, Rasheli Oniga, Taiwo Hassan, Yinka Quadri na Eniola Badmus <ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/abiodun-olanrewaju</ref>.<ref>https://spurplayafrica.com/entertainment-%26-culture/f/omo-ghetto-smashes-at-the-cinemas-and-here-is-why</ref> == Umugambi == Filime ishingiye ku ngeso mbi za societe nitsinda ryiganjemo abagore.<ref>https://www.insidenolly.ng/abiodun-olanrewaju-abbey-lanre/</ref> == Kwakira == Olusegun Michael wo muri ''[[Gana]] ya none'' yashimye uwo mugambi, gukina, insanganyamatsiko no gusobanura uruhare muri iyi filime, avuga ko ari filime "idakora, ishimishije kandi ihishura"<ref>https://www.newtelegraphng.com/i-almost-passed-out-filming-omo-ghetto-the-saga-funke-akindele/</ref>. Muri 2017, Azeezat Kareem wo mu kinyamakuru Encomium Magazine yashyize ahagaragara ''Omo Ghetto'' nka imwe muri filime ebyiri zatumye Eniola Badmus amenyekana cyane mu nganda za firime zo muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/12/funke-akindele-bello-omo-ghetto/</ref>. Yashyizwe kandi muri Legit.ng film eshanu "zitazibagirana" za Funke Akindele <ref>https://thenet.ng/how-funke-akindele-made-eniola-badmus-a-star/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Funke Akindele nkibumoso * Bimbo Thomas nka Nicky * Rachel Oniga * Adebayo Salami nka Baba Onibaba * Taiwo Hassan * Yinka Quadri * Eniola Badmus nka Busty * Ronke Ojo == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu imurikagurisha, mu nzu mberabyombi y’ubuhanzi, Iganmu ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2010<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201102070453.html</ref>. == Urukurikirane == Urukurikirane rwa filime yitwa ''Omo Ghetto: Saga'' yasohotse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 2020<ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/76-behind-the-scene/9283-omo-ghetto-gave-me-a-free-car-bimbo-thomas</ref>. <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] rpmlqv0ad1n6qulhppytpd7oevevlnb 0 9375 80248 79990 2021-11-13T09:56:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tobong'u Lore''', izwi mu Cyongereza '''nka [[:en:Lake_Turkana|Lake Turkana]] Cultural Festival''', ni umunsi mukuru w'umuco kavukire uba buri mpeshyi i Turkana, mu majyaruguru ya [[Kenya]]<ref>http://ndev.northriftsolutions.com/the-tobongu-lore/</ref> . Iri serukiramuco ryakiriwe n’abaturage benshi b’abasangwabutaka begereye ikiyaga, kandi rigamije guteza imbere amahoro, guhanahana umuco, n’ubukerarugendo.<ref>https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/tag/5th-edition-of-tobongu-lore-festival/</ref> Abantu ba El Molo bategura ibirori i Loiyangalani buri kwezi kwa Kamena, <ref>http://www.turkana.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Tobong-Loree-Edition.Afya-Yetu-Newsletter.pdf</ref> naho abaturage ba Turkana bakira ibirori i Lodwar muri Mata. <ref>https://www.cnyakundi.com/photos-tobongu-lore-festival-in-turkana-county/</ref> Tobong'u Lore ifatwa nk'imwe mu minsi mikuru minini y’umuco muri [[Kenya]], ikaba yarabaye ikibanza cyo kugaragaramo abanyapolitiki bakomeye bo muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/amp/leisure-and-travel/article/2001340534/tobongu-lore-the-turkana-tourism-and-cultural-festival</ref> == Umwanya == Muri 2019 abayobozi ba Turkana bagabanije gukoresha amafaranga muri ibyo birori bava kuri miliyoni 70 Shillings yo muri [[Kenya]] bagera kuri 33, bakoresha amafaranga kugirango bakemure ikibazo cy’amapfa yaho.<ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/amp/leisure-and-travel/article/2001340534/tobongu-lore-the-turkana-tourism-and-cultural-festival</ref> == Ibikorwa == [[Dosiye:El_Molo_Woman,_Lake_Turkana,_Kenya_(15990141333).jpg|thumb|A woman from the El Molo community, which has helped host Tobong'u Lore cultural festivals around Lake Turkana.]] Iri serukiramuco rigaragaza umuco waho, ibidukikije, n’umurage wa kera. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bambara imyenda gakondo mugihe c'imihango<ref>https://www.safari254.com/tobongu-lore-festival-2018/</ref>. Ibikorwa birimo karnivali yiminsi itatu, hamwe numuziki n'imbyino ziva mumatsinda yaho, hamwe nijambo ryabayobozi baho.<ref>https://dailyactive.info/2019/04/03/update-turkana-annual-tobongu-lore-festival-suspended-over-deadly-famine/</ref> Bihuye n'imigenzo yaho, ibirori birakomeza kugeza izuba rirenze. Imurikagurisha riteza imbere ubukorikori bwaho n'ibiryo<ref>https://turkanaexpeditions.com/Lake-Turkana-Cultural-Festival-lodwar-turkana-county.htm</ref>. Kurinda inyamaswa ni iyindi nsanganyamatsiko ivugwa mu munsi mukuru. <ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/a-look-at-the-fascinating-lake-turkana-festival-that-promotes-peace</ref> == Kugaragara kwa politiki == Abayobozi benshi bo muri [[Kenya]] bitabiriye ibirori, kandi abanyapolitiki bamwe bakoresheje ibyo birori kugira ngo batangaze amatangazo ajyanye no kwiyamamaza kwa politiki <ref>https://www.uoeld.ac.ke/university-participated-5th-edition-turkana-tourism-and-cultural-festival-tobong%E2%80%99u-lore</ref>. Muri 2019 iri serukiramuco ryitabiriwe n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe Raila Odinga na Visi Perezida William Ruto;<ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/tag/tobongu-lore</ref> muri 2020 Guverineri Kivutha Kibwana yakoresheje ibirori nk'ahantu ho gutangaza ko yifuza kuba perezida mu matora ari imbere. <ref>https://www.actionafricahelp.org/women-owned-crafts-businesses-reap-big-at-turkanas-2019-edition-of-tobongu-lore/</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 026co2i8hpe0o3z9nohclrdorf7rvsj 0 9376 80249 79992 2021-11-13T10:02:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ismail Abou El Kanater''' , wavutse 1957 ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Maroke|Maroc.]] Yagiye muri firime nyinshi za [[Maroke|Maroc]] ndetse nizo mu mahanga<ref>https://babylon5.fandom.com/wiki/Ismael_Kanater</ref>. == Umwuga == Ismail yatangiye umwuga we w'ubuhanzi abikesheje imyitozo muri Konserwatoriya i Casablanca<ref>https://www.netflixmovies.com/s/actor/ismael-kanater</ref>, kandi yize hamwe na Aziz Saadallah, Khadija Asad n'abandi, kandi yitabira nk'umukinnyi mu ikinamico (Ghoul) na (Our Right to Land). Mu ntangiriro ya za mirongo irindwi<ref>https://www.justjared.com/tags/ismael-kanater/</ref>, yitabiriye, hamwe n’abanyeshuri ba Conservatoire, mu gushinga itsinda (Pocket Theatre) no gukora ingendo yikinamico muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ismael-kanater/credits/3000651284/</ref> . Mu [[1973]], yakoze mu ikinamico ya Tayeb Saddiki nka (Maqamat Badi Al-Zaman Al-Hamdani), (Sidi Abdel-Rahman Al-Majdoub) na (Al-Sufoud), no mu bishushanyo bimwe na bimwe bya tereviziyo byakozwe na nyakwigendera umuyobozi Hamid Bin Al-Sharif<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1159405-sam-kanater</ref>, yongeyeho ikinamico yitwa The Deserted Village, aherekejwe na Khadija Asad na Al-Shuaiba Al-Athrawi, Touriya Jabrane, na zhour maamri<ref>https://networthpost.org/net-worth/ismail-kanater-net-worth/</ref>. Yitabiriye kandi ai kumwe n'umuyobozi Abd al-Rahman al-Khayyat mu ikinamico (Dirham al-Halal) ari kumwe na Naima al-Mashriqi, Aziz Mawhoub n'abandi<ref>https://cines.com/en/actors/ismail-kanater</ref>, ndetse no muri filime ya televiziyo umuntu ufite uruhare rwe gusa we na Naima al-Mashriqi kandi iyobowe numugabo wanyuma.<ref>https://www.alamy.com/cast-member-ismael-kanater-arrives-for-the-premiere-of-the-forgiven-at-the-toronto-international-film-festival-tiff-in-toronto-ontario-canada-september-11-2021-reuterschris-helgren-image441828992.html</ref> == Amashusho == '''Filime''' * 2017 ''El Hajat'' (Ingenzi) * 2015 ''Domouaa Ebliss'' (Amarira ya Satani) * ''Umwamikazi w'Ubutayu'' 2015 * 2014 ''Adiab lA Tanam'' (Amavubi atigera asinzira) * 2012 ''Dakirat Attin'' (Ububiko bwibumba) * 2011 ''Mawchouma'' (Femme écrite (Mawchouma)) * 2011 ''Anihaya'' (Iherezo) * 2010 ''Mahatat Al Malaika'' (Terminus des anges) * 2010 ''Ard aljmoa'' (Igihugu cya rubanda) * 2010 ''Hayat Qasira'' (ubuzima bugufi), film ngufi (iminota 16) * 2009 ''Rajol Fawqa Chobohat'' (Umugabo uri hejuru yo gutukwa) * 2008 ''Hjar El Ouad'' (Amabuye yo mu kibaya) * 2008 ''Yagize Assadaka'' (Imipaka y'Ubucuti) == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 0vdfmhn8y8etkwb6dujwuxzntk2cb09 0 9377 80250 79994 2021-11-13T10:07:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amor Hakkar''' ( yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1958), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] akaba na producer<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=7188</ref>, umwanditsi wa sinema ndetse n'umukinnyi ukora ubu mu bucuruzi bwa firime mu [[Bufaransa]]. Afite isosiyete ikora firime "Sarah Films"<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=203676.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1958 mu mudugudu w’imisozi Aurès mu karere ka Khenchela muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Afite amezi 6, yageze mu [[Bufaransa]] ari kumwe n'ababyeyi be. Kuva icyo gihe, babaga i Besançon, mucyaro, umujyi wa Founottes. Se Chays Hakkar yamugizeho ingaruka zo kwiga siyanse<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-203676/palmares/</ref><ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/56107/amor-hakkar</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1990, Hakkar yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ngufi yise''Teach me to count to infinity'' . Noneho mu 1992, yakoze film yambere yise ''Bad Time for a Thug'' . Wari umurimo ukorana na Pierre-Loup Rajot, Sylvie Fennec na Serge Giamberardino kandi wakozwe na sosiyete Rage au cœur film<ref>https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bourgogne-franche-comte/doubs/besancon/besancon-entretien-amor-hakkar-realisateur-du-film-choix-ali-1761315.html</ref>. Mu 1994, yatangiye gufata amashusho mu [[Bufaransa]] no mu [[Butaliyani]] filime ''Ailleurs c'est beau aussi'' hamwe na Mado Maurin na Pierre Remund<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/amor-hakkar</ref>. Hanyuma mu 1998, Hakkar yimukiye mu karere kavukire ka Aurès gushyingura ibisigazwa bya se, aho yafashe amashusho ya firime ya televiziyo yitwa ''Timgad, la vie au cœur des Aurès'', documentaire y’iminota 52 kuri TV 5 y’Ubufaransa<ref>https://e-mediatheque.sqy.fr/detailstatic.aspx?RSC_UID=6896&TITLE=&_lg=it-IT</ref>. Hagati aho, mu 2001, yatsindiye igihembo cya Marcel Aymé kubera igitabo cyitwa ''La cité des fausses notes'' . Mu 2005, Hakkar yashinze isosiyete ikora firime Sarah Films<ref>https://www.premiere.fr/Star/Amor-Hakkar</ref>. Muri 2015, yayoboye filime ''Celle qui vivra'' hamwe na Meryem Medjkane, Muriel Racine, Nicolas Dufour, Hichem Berdouk na Caroline Fouilhoux. Iyi filime yatewe inkunga na sinema y'umwimerere na Florence Bouteloup ndetse na filime yasohotse mu makinamico mu 2017. Muri 2018, yayoboye filime ''Le Choix d'Ali''<ref>https://www.cinefil.com/star/amor-hakkar</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Icyitonderwa ! Réf. |- | 1990 |''Teach Me To Count To Infinity'' | Umuyobozi | firime ngufi | |- | 1992 |''Bad Times for a Thug (Sale temps pour un voyou)'' | Umuyobozi | gutoranya kumugaragaro mubirori bya Carthage, Tetouan na Paris | |- | 2002 |''Timgad: Life at Heart in the Aurès (Timgad, la vie au cœur dans les Aurès)'' | Umuyobozi | Igihembo cya TVS muri Festival Vues d'Afrique i Montreal 2003 | |- | 2008 |''[[:en:The_Yellow_House_(2007_film)|The Yellow House]] (La Maison jaune)'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, Umwanditsi, Umukinnyi: Mouloud | Guhitamo Lokarno 2007 | |- | 2011 |''[[:en:A_Few_Days_of_Respite|A Few Days of Respite]] (Quelques jours de répit)'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, Umukinnyi: Moshen | Guhitamo kumugaragaro Sundance 2011 | |- | 2013 |''The Proof (La Preuve)'' | Umuyobozi | Guhitamo Kumurongo Dubai 2013 | |- | 2016 |''The One Who Will Live (Celle qui vivra)'' | Umuyobozi | | |- | 2018 |''Ali's Choice (Le Choix d'Ali)'' | Umuyobozi, Producer, Umwanditsi | | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] krqznuoiixik35kllqlarq840dyzskv 0 9378 80251 79996 2021-11-13T10:12:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urgent''' ni filimi yasohotse 2018 ikorerwa muri [[Maroke]]<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/film/urgent/</ref>, yanditswe kandi iyoborwa na Mohcine Besri. filimi yagaragayemo Rachid Mustafa, Fatima Zahra Bennacer, Said Bey, Youssef Al-Alaoui, Ghalia Bin Zawia and Younes Bouab. Rachid Mustapha<ref>https://cineuropa.org/film/361207/</ref>. filimi yakozwe na Elisa Garbar, Lamia Chraibi na Michel Merkt. <ref>https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2018-12-09-mohcine-besri-talks-about-urgent-une-urgence-ordinaire-feature-story-by-amber-wilkinson</ref>Iyi filime yerekana uruhande rwijimye rw’ibitaro bya Leta bya Maroc, bigaragazwa n’ubwinshi bwa ruswa, kutita ku bantu, ubucucike bukabije n’intege nke, no gucuruza imitima y’abantu binubira ubukana bw’ububabare.<ref>https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/urgent-busan-review/5132986.article</ref> == Umugambi == Umugabo ahagarara ku muyaga ku kiraro, ararusimbuka arangirira mu bitaro nyuma yo kuvunika. Idris n'umugore we Zahra bajya mu bitaro hamwe n'umuhungu wabo urwaye<ref>https://www.arabfilmnetwork.com/film/urgent/</ref>, kandi abo bashakanye barihebye kubera ko badashoboye gutanga amafaranga akenewe yo kubagwa. Hussain<ref>https://www.psfilmfest.org/2019-ps-film-festival/film-finder/urgent</ref>, umuvandimwe wa Idris ufite ibibazo, yahisemo kubaha amafaranga azabona ku bashakanye bo mu Busuwisi bazakira umwana we w'ejo hazaza<ref>http://africultures.com/films/?no=17832</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Rachid Mustapha * Fatima Zahra Bennacer * Youssef Alaoui * Ayoub Layoussifi * Ati Bey * Youssef Al-Alaoui * Ghalia Bin Zawia * Younes Bouab == Kwakira == Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya Marrakech 2018 (MIFF). Nyuma muri 2019, yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Palm Springs no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tangier National 2019<ref>https://mcutimes.com/Movies/people/589229/mohcine-besri</ref>. == Ibihembo == Iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Al Husseiny Abou-Deif igihembo cya Filime nziza y'Ubwisanzure mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Luxor . Yakiriye nomination esheshatu muri 15th Africa Movie Academy Awards<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/mohcine-besri/10081</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] of81o7dtefk4kxhhn2e72ej6xvnzme7 0 9379 80252 79998 2021-11-13T10:20:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Athmane Ariouet''' yavutse ku ya 24 Nzeri 1948 ni umukinnyi wa sinema, ikinamico na filimi zica kuri televiziyo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]<ref>https://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/athmane-ariouet-le-banni-decore-342517</ref>. Ariouet ufatwa nk'umwe mu bakinnyi beza kandi bazwi cyane muri sinema yo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], yahawe ibihembo byinshi mu mwuga umaze imyaka irenga mirongo itanu.<ref>https://www.echoroukonline.com/le-geant-du-cinema-athmane-ariouet-sadresse-aux-algeriens</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ariouet yavutse ku ya 24 Nzeri 1948 i Amdoukal muri Barika, muri wilaya ya Batna. Yabanje kwitabira konserwatori ya Algiers kuva 1969 kugeza 1972<ref>https://www.dzairdaily.com/algerie-acteur-athmane-ariouet-fait-grand-retour-instagram/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mugihe cyishuri, yari afite ishyaka ryo kuba umukinnyi wa filimi mwiza. Yemeje bose gutsindira igihembo cya mbere kubera inkoranyamagambo yakoze mu [[gifaransa]]<ref>https://izzoran.com/biographies-personnalites-algeriennes/cinema-biographies-personnalites-algeriennes/athmane-ariouet/</ref>. Yatinze, kuba umwizerwa mu gukina yatewe inkunga n’umwarimu w’igifaransa Henri Vangret<ref>https://www.algerieinfos.com/apres-20-ans-de-censure-le-dernier-film-dathmane-ariouet-bientot-sur-les-ecrans/</ref>. Nyuma yize ikinamico yicyarabu hamwe nabakinnyi bakomeye Mustapha Kasdarli, Taha Laâmiri na Allal Mouhib<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g11b6d6k_r6?hl=de</ref>. Umukino we wa mbere wa sinema yakinnye muri 1963 ''Le Résultat'' . Mu 1981, yakinnye muri filime ya televiziyo ''The Executioner Cries'' iyobowe na Abder Isker.<ref>https://www.inter-lignes.com/reapparition-rejouissante-dathmane-ariouet/</ref> Filime ye yo mu bwoko bwa ''Carnaval Fi Dechra yo mu'' 1994, ifatwa nka filimi idahwema kwishyiriraho politiki. Iyi filime yayobowe na Mohamed Oukassi, ni filime isetsa yerekana umuryango wa [[Alijeriya]] usebanya. Icyakora, yabujijwe gukina nyuma ya filime<ref>https://www.cineserie.com/persons/3042531/</ref>. Mu 2002, yagarutse muri sinema akina na filime ''El Arch'' iyobowe na perezida. Ukuboza 2003, yasohoye filime ye ya mbere ''Er-roubla'' yakoranye na ENTV<ref>https://www.elkhadra.com/fr/sequences-darchives-athmane-ariouet/</ref>. Mu 2004, yasezeye mu gukina nyuma ya filime ''Chronique des années pub'' aho yahuye n’ibibazo by’amafaranga ndetse no guhagarika ikinamico. Icyakora, mu 2017 mu ihuriro rya buri munsi rya El Moudjahid, uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’umuco Azzedine Mihoubi yavuze ko “iyi filime yari mu cyiciro cyo gutunganya” kandi amaherezo yasohotse mu 2018<ref>https://www.vinyculture.com/athmane-ariouet-recoit-la-medaille-achir/</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2020, Ariouet yahawe imidari ya “Achir” yashyizwe ku rwego rw'igihugu iyobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Abdelmadjid Tebboune <ref>https://steamcommunity.com/id/athmaneariouet</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2019/09/14/les-moucherons-du-pouvoir-derriere-la-rumeur-sur-le-deces-dathmane-ariouet/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inshingano ! Réf. |- | 1963 | ''Le Résultat'' | | |- | 1967 | ''Molière mubi'' | | |- | 1969 | ''Umupfumu'' | | |- | 1969 | ''Nawe Nawe'' | | |- | 1971 | ''Archam'' | | |- | 1972 | ''Shushanya abapfuye bazima'' | | |- | 1973 | ''Chaàbia'' | | |- | 1973 | ''Uburangare'' | | |- | 1976 | ''Kurandurwa'' | | |- | 1976 | ''Imbunda ya Mama Karar'' | | |- | 1976 | ''Mugisha Hendel'' | | |- | 1978 | ''Injangwe'' | | |- | 1983 | ''Epic ya Cheïkh Bouamama'' | | |- | 1988 | ''Umuganga wumudugudu'' | | |- | 1989 | ''Guhitamo'' | | |- | 1989 | ''La Rose des sables'' | | |- | 1989 | ''Le Clandestin'' | Mahfoud | |- | 1991 | ''Kuva i Hollywood kugera Tamanrasset'' | | |- | 1992 | ''Kubabara'' | | |- | 1992 | ''Umuryango Kimwe nabandi ba Ameur Tribèche'' | | |- | 1992 | ''Abagore Babiri'' | | |- | 1994 | ''Carnival fi Dachra'' | Makhlouf Bombardier | |- | 2002 | ''El Arch'' | | |- |2003 | ''Er-roubla'' | | |- |2004 | ''Amateka yimyaka ya Pub'' | | |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] au9we7p1ps4axzgeslljufqbmk5mb17 0 9380 80253 80000 2021-11-13T10:57:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bullion''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri [[Uganda]] 2014 yakozwe na Henry Ssali kandi iyobowe na Phillip Luswata<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201404090125.html</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Allan Tumusiime, umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Kenya]] Ainea Ojiambo, umuririmbyi Juliana Kanyomozi na mushiki we Laura Kahunde<ref>https://www.ugandanewsreleases.com/%EF%BB%BFbullion-premieres-saturday/</ref>, umunyamakuru wa radiyo na Veronica Tindi w’uruganda rushimishije [[Anne Kansiime|, umunyarwenya Anne Kansiime]], Michael Wawuyo n'umuhungu we Michael Wawuyo Jr. ndetse no kugaragara k'umunyamideli n'umucuruzi. Sylvia Owori<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Bullion_(film)</ref> . == Incamake == Collins Jjuuko, umushoferi wimodoka ya bullion arashaka cyane amafaranga yo guha umukobwa we ugiye kubagwa umutima mubuhinde<ref>https://bigeye.ug/will-bullion-movie-bring-uganda-an-award/</ref>. Yifatanije nitsinda ryabakozi ba banki bafite umururumba kwiba imodoka ya bullion. Nyuma y’ubwo bujura, bagenzi be bamutwara amafaranga yose nuko arafatwa<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/entertainment/29523--henry-ssalis-bullion-may-be-here-finally</ref>. Iyo avuye muri gereza, aba ashaka kwishyura<ref>https://www.showbizuganda.com/a-henry-h-ssali-film/</ref>. == Umusaruro na premiere == Filime yakozwe na Henry Ssali munsi ya Ssali Productions. Niyo filime ye ya kabiri yakoze nyuma yo gukora Kiwani muri 2008<ref>https://bigeye.ug/bullion-movie-premiers-at-munyonyo-in-april/</ref>. Yakozwe nubuyobozi w'umutunzi n'umucuruzi Sudhir Ruparelia nawe wari umuyobozi mukuru yabyaye Kiwani. gutunganywa ndetse no gukina filimi byatangiye mu 2009 mugihe amashusho yoherejwe hanze muri 2014. Icyo gihe yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Mata 2014 i Munyonyo Kampala<ref>https://kamukamapolly.wordpress.com/2014/04/08/bullion-premiere-raises-the-bar/</ref>.<ref>https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/10/31/ugandan-celebrity-siblings/</ref> === Kasting === Igenzura ryabakinnyi ba film ryatangiye muri 2009. Allan Tumusiime, wigeze gukora kuri filime ya mbere ya Ssali Kiwani, yakinnye nka Collins Jjuuko. Umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]] Makutano Ainea Ojiambo yatowe nkumuntu wanyuze kuri Phillip Luswata nawe wakoraga kuri Makutano<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Laura_Kahunde</ref>. Ssali kandi yateye umuririmbyi Juliana Kanyomozi wari watangiye umwuga we wo gukina filime ye ya mbere Kiwani.<ref>https://laurakahunde.com/juliana-kanyomozi-and-sister-laura-kahunde/</ref><ref>https://everything.explained.today/Juliana_Kanyomozi/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ekpr92zd5voae2kt3e5viewyuz9df79 0 9381 80254 80002 2021-11-13T11:01:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Devil's Chest''' ni filime y'intambara yo muri [[Uganda]] yasohotse 2017 ivuga ku nyeshyamba za Lord Resistance Army mu majyaruguru ya [[Uganda]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201709040638.html</ref>. Yanditswe, yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Hassan Mageye hamwe nabakinnyi Hasifah Nande Nakitende na Samuel Rogers Masaaba mu nshingano zabo.<ref>https://amakula.org/film/devils-chest/</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere i Gulu mu Kwakira 2017 n i Kampala muri Gicurasi 2019.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=114919</ref> == Incamake == Mu gihe cya Lords Resistance Army (LRA) mu majyaruguru ya [[Uganda]], umugore wo mu mudugudu ahatirwa kuba umugore w’umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba Joseph Kony, umugabo wishe umugabo we. Aba umusirikare kandi arwanira umudendezo<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/kony-story-wins-film-of-the-year-1373244</ref>. == Kwakira == Filime yakiriwe neza muri [[Uganda]] no muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] yose kubera amateka yayo, gukina ndetse nicyerekezo.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/amvca-2018-18-hours-emerges-overall-best-movie/</ref> Yakiriye ibihembo byinshi (icyenda) mu bihembo bya 5 bya Uganda Film Festival Awards muri 2017 kandi yatsindiye ibihembo bine birimo Filime nziza n’umuyobozi mwiza<ref>https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/warlord-s-fighters-become-movie-stars-as-ugandan-cinema-booms</ref>. Yatowe kandi mu bihembo bya Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2018 (AMVCA) ibihembo bya Filime Nziza yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba na Filime Nziza Muri rusange <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/274528-2018-amvca-falz-rita-dominic-adesua-etomi-others-emerge-nominees.html</ref>. Bimwe mubice bya tekiniki, inkuru nibikorwa bya firime ariko byanenzwe<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/who-will-win-big-africas-oscars</ref>. Collins Kakwezi wo mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Amakula yise iyi filime umushinga uteganijwe avuga ko ibikorwa byabuze kandi ko umuyobozi w'inyeshyamba, Joseph Kony yagaragajwe nk'umuntu mwiza binyuze ku mukinnyi Samuel Rogers Masaaba<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2018-09-045b8e29f9ee02b.aspx</ref>. == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="4" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Ibihembo & Kandidatire |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Yakiriwe na |- | rowspan="9" | 2017 | rowspan="9" | Uganda Film Festival Festival | Inyandiko nziza (Ikinamico) | Hassan Mageye |- | Imyambarire myiza nigishushanyo mbonera | Hassan Mageye |- | Amashusho meza ya sinema | Hassan Mageye |- | Ijwi ryiza | Hassan Mageye |- | Guhindura neza no kohereza umusaruro | Hassan Mageye |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Hasifah Nande Nakitende |- | Umukinnyi mwiza muri firime | Samuel Rogers Masaaba |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | Hassan Mageye |- | Filime nziza | Hassan Mageye |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | rowspan="2" | Afurika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards | Filime nziza muri Afrika yuburasirazuba | |- | Filime Nziza Muri rusange | |- | Iserukiramuco rya Filime Amakula | Filime nziza | |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 0730m3hnlxrrkqt04jw2rtq0c429aps 0 9382 80255 80005 2021-11-13T11:08:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bella Agossou''' wavutse 1981 ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] muri sinema zo muri [[Esipanye]].<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51422</ref> == Umwuga == Agossou yatangiye umwuga we muri [[Benin]] nk'umukinnyi w'amafirime hamwe na sosiyete "Sonangnon" yaremye kandi itezwa imbere na we<ref>https://ruthfranco.com/en/bella-agossou/</ref>. Icyakora, nyuma yimyaka 4 ashinze isosiyete, yimukiye muri [[Espanye|Espagne]] mu 2002<ref>https://cines.com/en/actors/bella-agossou</ref>. Nyuma yize indimi z'Igikatalani n'Icyesipanyoli kugira ngo akore umwuga wo gukina filime<ref>https://www.banouto.bj/article/vie-stars/20201201-bella-agossou-devenue-mere-de-jumeaux-l-actrice-beninoise-ne-regrette-pas-2020</ref>. Yakinnye muri filime ''Un cuento de Navidad'' (Christmas Tale) afite uruhare runini rw’umugore ushakishwa na polisi kubera kubura impapuro nk’abimukira batemewe<ref>https://www.moviebuff.com/bella-agossou</ref>. Nyuma, yakinnye cyane mu mafilime menshi yo muri [[Afurika]] no mu mahanga harimo ''Los Nuestros'', ''Moranetta'', ''A cuento ya Nadal'' na ''Palmeras en la Nieve'' <ref>https://www.fandango.com/people/bella-agossou-830486</ref>. Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2017, Agossou yeretse abanyamakuru iduka ryitwa "NOK"<ref>https://ladygracious.com/nok-bella-agossou-africa-innovations-african-print/</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=862776.html</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inshingano ! Inyandiko ! Réf. |- | 2008 | ''El cor de la ciutat'' | | | |- | 2009 | ''Cuento ya Nadal'' | Maria | Filime yo murugo | |- | 2010 | ''Johan Primero'' | Doris | | |- | 2010 | ''Catalunya über alles!'' | | | |- | 2011 | ''Alakrana'' | Traductora Embajada | mini | |- | 2011 | ''Catalunya über alles!'' | Dona cobrador | | |- | 2012 | ''Tengo ganas de ti'' | Boxeadora | | |- | 2013 | ''Kubala, Moreno i Manchón'' | | | |- | 2013 | ''Un cuento de Navidad'' | | Filime yo murugo | |- | 2013 | ''Yavutse'' | | | |- | 2014 | ''Palmeras en la nieve'' | Oba | | |- | 2014 | ''Los Nuestros'' | | | |- | 2015 | ''Kubala, Moreno i Manchón'' | Rut | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2016 | ''Amapantaro atukura'' | | | |- | 2017 | ''El Cuaderno de Sara'' | Masira | | |- | 2019 | ''Igitabo de kugenzura'' | Kwigenga | Televiziyo | |- | 2020 | ''Caronte'' | | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2020 | ''Umukara'' | Bebe | | |- | 2020 | ''Adú'' | Safí | | |- | 2020 | ''Inyoni nto'' | Fifi | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |- | 2021 | <nowiki><i id="mwwA">La templanza</i></nowiki> ( ''Umuzabibu'' ) | Trinidad | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo | |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 20l6rle6fcnpz7yvi70clk15521mew6 0 9383 80256 80007 2021-11-13T11:23:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adrienne Ako Anomgbo Koutouan''' (wavutse 1969) numukinnyi wa filimi na comedi muri Cote d'Ivoire<ref>https://www.afrikmag.com/adrienne-koutouan-la-comedienne-vient-en-aide-aux-femmes-du-village-dabobote/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Koutouan ni umwe mu baturage ba Tchaman kandi yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Abobo-Té muri komine ya Abobo hafi ya Abidjan <ref>https://emirate.wiki/wiki/Adrienne_Koutouan</ref>. Yifuzaga kuba umukinnyi wa filimi kuva akiri umwana, nubwo iki gitekerezo kitakiriwe neza n'ababyeyi be<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7718</ref>. Yatangiye umwuga we mu myaka ya za 1980 mu itsinda ry’ikinamico "Fétiche éburnéen". Mu 1986, Koutouan yagizwe umubyinnyi mwiza muri ballet ya Coryte d'Ivoire.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g121vr3f_?hl=nl</ref> Koutouan yahawe ibihembo byinshi, harimo kwitwara neza mu bagore mu iserukiramuco rya Namur mu Bubiligi mu 1998, kwitwara neza mu bagore mu iserukiramuco rya M-Net ryabereye i Johannesburg mu 1999, ndetse n’umukinnyi wa [[Afurika]] witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco rya Pabbah muri [[Nijeriya]] mu 2002.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/afrique/47769140</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2006, Koutouan yahawe igihembo cya Gold Standard mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou kubera kwitwara neza mu rukurikirane rwa ''Quand les éléphants se battent'' <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=27092.html</ref>. Azwi cyane muri Coryte [[Kote Divuwari|d'Ivoire]] kubera uruhare rwe nka Rosalie mu rukurikirane rwa ''Faut pas fâcher'' . Muri 2008, Koutouan yakinnye nka Infirmière Antoinette muri Dr. Boris ari kumwe na Ahmed Souaney<ref>https://www.ivoiresoir.net/mort-de-angeline-nadie-adrienne-koutouan-se-prononce/</ref>. Ku ya 14 Mata 2019, Koutouan yahawe icyubahiro mu birori byo kwizihiza imyaka 30 amaze ari umukinnyi wa filime, ahabwa itandukaniro riturutse kuri guverinoma.<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/141832/adrienne-koutouan</ref> Yageze ku ntera ya ofisiye mu cyubahiro cy’umuco, na Minisiteri y’umuco na Francophonie. Umugatolika wubahaga Imana, Koutouan na we yagize misa mu cyubahiro cye.<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/adrienne-koutouan/7718</ref> == Igice cya firime == * 1993: ''Faut pas fâcher'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 1994: ''Wariko, le gros cyane nkumuturanyi wamatsiko'' * 1998: ''Kwihorera kwa Lucy'' nka Albertine * 2000: ''Je m'appelle Fargass'' * 2005: ''Quand les éléphants se battent'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2005: ''Caramel'' nka Maria * 2007: ''Akaga gahoraho'' * 2008: ''Dr. Boris'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) nka Infirmière Antoinette == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] aye2em4qug9s81dnast96u3hqxwu2f2 0 9384 80257 80009 2021-11-13T11:30:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Françoise Ellong''' (wavutse 8 Gashyantare 1988) ni umuyobozi wa firime n'umwanditsi wa filimi muri [[Kameruni]]<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/francoise-ellong-gomez/30098</ref>. == Ubuzima == Ellong yavukiye Douala, muri [[Kameruni]] mu 1988. Afite imyaka 11, yimukiye i Brunoy kubana na nyirarume, maze yandika inkuru ye ya mbere<ref>https://frauenfilmfest.com/en/movie/buried/</ref>. Ellong yitabiriye amarushanwa y'abanditsi bato bavuga [[igifaransa]] mu 2002. Kubera amarushanwa, yagize ubushake bwo kwandika amashusho<ref>https://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3572/</ref>. Mu 2006, filime ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Les Colocs'', yarasohotse. Ellong yayoboye filime ye ya mbere yerekana, ''WAKA'', mu 2013<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=756831.html</ref>. yanditswe na Séraphin Kakouang, bishingiye ku nkuru y'umwimerere ya Ellong<ref>http://deptfordcinema.org/podcast-episodes/ep9</ref>. ''WAKA'' yahawe igihembo cyihariye cy’abacamanza mu iserukiramuco du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga, ndetse n’igihembo cya Dikalo mu iserukiramuco rya Pan-African Cannes<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2021/11/tv5monde-afrique-francoise-ellong-enterres.html</ref>. Yerekanwe mugutangira ibirori bya Ecrans Noirs. Filime ye ya kabiri yerekana, ''Buried'', yasohotse muri 2020<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/w-a-k-a,503970.php</ref>. Nibijyanye no guhura kwinshuti zo mu bwana numukino wagaragaje amabanga. Ifata amashusho mu mudugudu wa Nkassomo, yatewe inkunga na raporo yamakuru yabonye kuri tereviziyo.<ref>http://www.scenarioaulongcourt.com/Francoise-ELLONG</ref> Usibye kwandika no kuyobora, Ellong yasohoye igitabo "Journal Intime d'Un Meurtrier" mu 2008. Muri 2016, yatangije blog "Le Film Camerounais", bituma ibihembo bya LFC<ref>http://www.ifcameroun.com/douala/evenement-retrospective-francoise-ellong/</ref>. Ellong yasabye ko hajyaho inkambi z’abakinnyi ba Thierry Ntamack mu 2020, Ntamack amaze kuvuga ko 10 ku ijana gusa by’abakinnyi ba [[Kameruni]] ari beza.<ref>https://www.elle.ci/tag/francoise-ellong/</ref> == Amashusho == * 2006: ''Les Colocs'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2007: ''Dade'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2008: ''Miseria'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2009: ''Umugore munini ntabwo arira'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2010: ''Nek'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2011: ''Kuri Close Range'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2011: ''Igihe Soukhina yabuze'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2012: ''Noneho na bo'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2013: ''WAKA'' (umuyobozi) * 2017: ''Ashia'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2020: ''Yahambwe'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jguetg7ti8dioo16r0baumn4wyy96et 0 9385 80258 80011 2021-11-13T11:41:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiane Chabi-Kao''' (wavutse ku ya 30 Kamena 1963) ni umuyobozi wa filime wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] akaba n'umwanditsi.<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=10095</ref> == Ubuzima == Chabi-Kao yavukiye i Marseille mu [[Bufaransa]] mu 1963. Yize muri Kaminuza ya Reims Champagne-Ardenne kuva 1984 kugeza 1986<ref>https://copainsdavant.linternaute.com/p/christiane-chabi-kao-2870640</ref>. Mu 1990, Chabi-Kao yasubiye muri [[Afurika]]. Yasohokanye na filime ye ya mbere, ''Les enfants esclaves'', mu 2005, documentaire isobanura abana b'abacakara bigezweho<ref>https://www.expatica.com/es/uncategorized/benin-filmmaker-takes-fight-against-child-labour-to-school-37507/</ref>. Mu 2007, yayoboye filime ''Les inseparables''. Ivuga amateka y'abavandimwe Yawa na Abi, se bamugurisha ku mucuruza w'abana, maze nyina ajya mu ishami rishinzwe kurengera abana rya Polisi kugira ngo amenye uko byagenze.<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=430660.html</ref> Iyi filime yakozwe na UNICEF na Radiyo na Televiziyo y'igihugu ya [[Bénin]] (ORTB), isohoka nk'uruhererekane rwa firime enye<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2013/12/christiane-chabi-kao-festival_1.html</ref>. Chabi-Kao yanditse iyi filime mu rwego rwo gukangurira no guhagarika icuruzwa ry'abana.<ref>Christiane Chabi-Kao - AlloCiné (allocine.fr)</ref> Yakiriye igihembo nyafurika Numerique mu iserukiramuco rya Vues d'Afrique ryabereye i Montreal mu 2008, anahabwa igihembo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi na Televiziyo rya Panafrican 2009 rya Ouagadougou. <ref>https://www.europeana.eu/en/item/2022116/urn_axmedis_00000_obj_c547dc82_3292_491a_b7c0_d0b57fd3ea50</ref> Nyuma yo kumenyeshwa itegeko ribuza kwerekanwa ku buntu, Chabi-Kao yateguye kwerekana filime ku banyeshuri 300 ba Burkinabe<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/personnalite/christiane-chabi-kao,94457,filmographie.php</ref>. Mu 2009, yasimbuye Monique Mbeke Phoba nk'umuyobozi w'ikirori cya Lagunimages i Cotonou . Nkumuyobozi, Chabi-Kao afasha kwambara iserukiramuco rya firime ryizina rimwe.<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/les-insparables-v515131/corrections</ref> Yakoreye iserukiramuco imyaka itari mike mbere yo kuba umuyobozi, ahabwa inkunga na Deutsche Welle Academy yo kwiga uko bategura ibirori<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/liste/Les_meilleurs_films_avec_Dragon_Ball_Z_Univers_2_Christiane/3045166</ref>. Chabi-Kao yanditse akanayobora ibiganiro bya televiziyo ''bigizwe n'ibice 14'' muri Les Chenapans muri 2013. Irerekana ubuzima nintambara byingimbi batanu bo muri Bénin, kandi ikoresha abakinnyi badafite umwuga<ref>https://www.filmstarts.de/personen/430660.html</ref>. == Amashusho == * 2005: ''Les enfants esclave'' * 2007: ''Les idatandukana'' * 2013: ''Les Chenapans'' * 2014: ''Ingona dans la Mangrove'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] g5g1x6i1yk4a97ltz1awnfb0g4va1nz 0 9386 80017 80014 2021-11-10T12:47:25Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Guverineri Dancille Nyirarugero.png|thumb|350x350px|Guverineri Dancille Nyirarugero]] Nyirarugero Dancille ni umunyarwandakazi w'umuhanga akaba yarabaye umwarimu muri kaminuza ndetse akaba umunyapolitiki aho yagizwe guverineri w'intara y'amajyaruguru y'U Rwanda muri werurwe 2021. == Ubuzima bwabanje n'amashuri == Nyirarugero Dancille n'umubyeyi wimyaka 51, akaba afite abana 4 harimo abakobwa batatu n'umuhungu umwe. Guverineri Nyirarugero Dancille yavukiye mu murenge wa muhoza, avukira mu karere ka Musanze mu ntara y'amajyaruguru, akaba yarashakanye na Nkundimana Fidele mu karere ka Nyabihu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bankanguye-barambwira-ngo-ngizwe-guverineri-numva-birantunguye-nyirarugero-dancilla</ref> Nyirarugero Dancille yize amashuri abanza ku ishuri rya Rungu mu murenge wa Gacaca mu karere ka Musanze ayisumbuye ayigira muri Lyce Notre Dame de Citeaux i Kigali, yakomereje ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Ines-Ruhengeri, kubera inyota yarafite yo kunguka ubumenyi yakomereje ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza i kampala kuri kaminuza ya makelele yasoje 2009, Nyirarugero Dancille yaje gukomeza kw'iyungura ubumenyi mu budage muri 2017 aho yakuye indi myamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bankanguye-barambwira-ngo-ngizwe-guverineri-numva-birantunguye-nyirarugero-dancilla</ref> == Umwuga == Nyirarugero Dancille yahawe akazi ku bwarimu ko kuba umwarimu kuri kaminuza yigagaho ya Ines-Ruhengeri nyuma yo kugira amanota menshi, yakomereje imirimo ye mu ishuri rikuru rya Muhabura Integrated Polytechnic College(MIPC) Aho yarakuriye ishami rya Business Studies. Muri Werurwe 2021, nibwo Nyirarugero Dancille yahawe imirimo mishya yo kuba guverineri w'intara y'Amajyaruguru.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/bankanguye-barambwira-ngo-ngizwe-guverineri-numva-birantunguye-nyirarugero-dancilla</ref> == Imiyoboro == <references /> i1nwzbsqtzt5yipccq3fuqiizia7dsz 0 9387 80930 80490 2021-11-29T22:45:01Z Mrbobax 8233 /* AMATEKA YUMURYANGO WA MARIE ROSE MUKESHANKWANO */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n' amavuko == Mureshyankwano yavutse 1968 mu [[Rwanda]], ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.celebsagewiki.com/marie-rose-mureshyankwano</ref> Mureshyankwano afite Imyanya bushobozi mucyiciro cyakabiri cyakaminuza mubyigisho byiterambere. Kuva mu 1992 kugeza 1994, na none kuva 1997 kugeza 2001 akora akazi ko kuba umwarimu wibanze. Kuva 2001 kugeza 2005 yari umwarimu mu ishuri ryisumbuye.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/inkotanyi-ni-ubuzima-zankijije-ubuhutu-senateri-mureshyankwano-marie-rose.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005 Mureshyankwano yagiriwe icyizere cyo kuba umwe mu mutwe w’abadepite. Yakomeje kuba umudepite kugeza mu 2016. Kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2018 yabaye Guverineri w'Intara y'Amajyepfo, naho muri 2018-19 akora nk'umujyanama mu Bunyamabanga Bukuru bwa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR]]-Inkotanyi.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/inkotanyi-ni-ubuzima-zankijije-ubuhutu-senateri-mureshyankwano-marie-rose.html</ref> Senateri Mureshyankwano Marie Jose yatanze Ubuhamya Bwurugendo rwe mumashyamba ya [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]] Ndetse asobanura neza uburyo Nuko InkotanyI Zarokoye  Umugabo we zikamukiza indwara y ‘ ubuhutu.Ikiganiro cyabereye mwihuriro ry’urubyiruko ryiswe “Ingano Cyungano’<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/guverineri-mureshyankwano-yifuje-kuba-umubikira-tingi-tingi-imutwara-imfura-ye-ubu-ni-guverineri</ref> == Amateka y'Umuryango wa Marie Rose Mureshyankwano == Mu 2020 Gashyantare tariki ya 13 habayeho Imanuka yabere mukarere ka [[Kamonyi District|kamonyi]] aho Umugabo wa Senateri Mureshyankwano yaguye muriyo manuka .Impanuka yabaye yaturutse ku modoka ya Fuso yari ipakiye ibiti iva i Muhanga yerekeza i [[Kigali]], yabuze feri maze ikagongana n’imodoka itwara abagenzi ya coaster hapfamo batandatu harimo Numugabo wasenateri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umugabo-wa-senateri-mureshyankwano-yaguye-mu-mpanuka-yabereye-ku-kamonyi</ref> == REFERENCES == b9vlq2xidr5m44o4bsofvyz6prppnsa 0 9388 80081 80016 2021-11-11T06:49:09Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki == RWAKAZINA M CHANTAL == Rwakazina yatorewe kuyobora [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigal]] afite imyaka 45 akaba yubatse afite umugabo n'abana 2 yatorewe kuyobora umugi wa kigal akaba yaratsindiye ku majwi 146 yatowe asimbuye Pascal yarucyuye igihe <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rwakazina-marie-chantal-atorewe-kuyobora-umujyi-wa-kigali</ref> == Aho Rwakazina yize == yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'urwanda]] ndetse aza no kuyigishamo kuva 2000-2008 == AHO YAKORAGA == Kuva 2013 kugeza ubu yakoraga mu muryango wabibumbye aho yari umuhuzabikorwa w'inkunga zabibumbye mu bikorwa bya leta yu [[Rwanda|Rwanda .]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/rwakazina-marie-chantal-atorewe-kuyobora-umujyi-wa-kigali</ref> mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza muri 2004 yari umwarimu udahoraho muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza ya Bagaturika]] Imuhanga mu Ishami ry' inyigisho ziterambere. kugeza ubu ni Ambasaderi wa [[Rwanda Nziza|Repuburika yu Rwanda]] mugihugu cy' [[Ubusuwisi|ubusuwis]]<nowiki/>i. agahagararira umuryango uhoraho wabibumbye mu miryango yubucuruzi nindi miryango mpuzamahanga [[Ubusuwisi|i geneve]].<ref>https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2019/unisbio1260.html</ref> == Agashya == Rwakazina yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije wi shyirahamwe ryabayobozi bo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]](RALGA) ndetse aba umwe mubagize inama yubutegetsi bu [[Rwanda]](RGB).<ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-marie-chantal-rwakazina-the-new-mayor-of-rwandas-capital</ref> == REBA == nr0z687g2svm9b1pco73y3s51a1mp2s 0 9389 80018 2021-11-10T12:56:49Z RWAYITARE250 10088 Created page with "== INYUMBA ALOYSIA == Inyumba aloysia yari minisitiri witerambere ryu muryango mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka 2011.<ref>http://www.kanyarwanda.net/ki/blog/2016/10/26/aloysia-inyumba/</ref> nyakwigendera yabaye umwe mubari bagize ihuriro rya bagore bari muneko nshinga mategeko mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>http://www.kanyarwanda.net/ki/blog/2016/10/26/aloysia-inyumba/</ref> == AMATEKA == Inyumba yavutse ku itariki 28 ukuboza 1964. Inyumba yabaye umwe mu banya[[Rwanda|rwanda,]]..." wikitext text/x-wiki == INYUMBA ALOYSIA == Inyumba aloysia yari minisitiri witerambere ryu muryango mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka 2011.<ref>http://www.kanyarwanda.net/ki/blog/2016/10/26/aloysia-inyumba/</ref> nyakwigendera yabaye umwe mubari bagize ihuriro rya bagore bari muneko nshinga mategeko mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>http://www.kanyarwanda.net/ki/blog/2016/10/26/aloysia-inyumba/</ref> == AMATEKA == Inyumba yavutse ku itariki 28 ukuboza 1964. Inyumba yabaye umwe mu banya[[Rwanda|rwanda,]] bashinze umuryango wa [[FPR]] Inkotanyi ubwo yarari mubuhungiro mugihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Inyumba yitabye imana mugitondo cyo kuwa 6 [[ukuboza]] 2012 azize uburwayi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/urupfu-rwa-inyumba-ni-igihombo-gikomeye-kuri-fpr-kagame</ref>. == REBA == 7mb23axxsmpeqskchwk5a2mcgi6qhnk 0 9390 80020 2021-11-10T13:13:43Z Kellyk55 10328 Created page with "== NYIRARUKUNDO Ignatienne == Nyirarukundo Ignatienne umujyanama mukuru ibiro bya Minisitiri w' intebe mu [[Rwanda]] mu kwakira 2019 Ignatienne mu myaka ibiri ishize yahoze ari Umunyabanga wa leta muri Minisiteri y' Ubutegetsi bw' Igihugu ushinzwe imibereho myiza y' Abaturange ( [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|MINALOC)]].<ref>http://en.igihe.com/news/article/nyirarukundo-appointed-senior-adviser-in-office-of-prime-minister</ref> == amateka == Nyiraruku..." wikitext text/x-wiki == NYIRARUKUNDO Ignatienne == Nyirarukundo Ignatienne umujyanama mukuru ibiro bya Minisitiri w' intebe mu [[Rwanda]] mu kwakira 2019 Ignatienne mu myaka ibiri ishize yahoze ari Umunyabanga wa leta muri Minisiteri y' Ubutegetsi bw' Igihugu ushinzwe imibereho myiza y' Abaturange ( [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|MINALOC)]].<ref>http://en.igihe.com/news/article/nyirarukundo-appointed-senior-adviser-in-office-of-prime-minister</ref> == amateka == Nyirarukundo mbere yuko aba umudepeti aho yabaye umudepeti yakoze imirimo itandukanye aho yabaye umuyobozi w' umuryango w' Abasuwisi ushinzwe kurengera inyungu z'abana bari munsi y' imyaka 18 bafunze ndetse anakora muri komisiyo y' igihungu y' Ubumwe n' ubwigenge aho yariwe komiseri .Ignatienne yanakoze umuhuzabikorwa wa komite ishinzwe kurengera Abana nk' inzobere ya [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|UNICEF]] muri Minisiteri y' Uburinganire n' iterambere ry' Umuryango.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyirarukundo-yagizwe-umujyanama-mu-biro-bya-minisitiri-w-intebe-assumpta</ref> == REBA == <references /> 8onzq0jg0zv2c8j61zwks5v2397pq6h 0 9391 80519 80441 2021-11-18T10:16:09Z Nishimirwe 10326 to add infomation wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyinawamwiza Laetitia''' yavutse ''tariki '''17 ukuboza 1972''','' ni umunyarwandakazi, afite impamyabumenyi yikirenga mw' ishami ry' umusaruro w'inyamaswa (ubworozi bw'amafi) aribyo mu cyongereza bita '''''PHD, in Animal Production (Aquaculture)''''' ni umusenateri muri Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]], yarahiriye iyi mirimo yatorewe yo kuba senateri kuwa kane tariki ya 17 Ukwakira 2019 ahagarariye intara ya majyaruguru, ni umwe muba senateri 20 bagize manda ya gatatu ya sena y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/dore-ibigwi-by-abasenateri-20-bagize-manda-ya-gatatu-ya-sena</ref><ref>Senators' Profile (parliament.gov.rw)</ref> == Ibigwi n'imirimo yakoze == Dr. Nyinawamwiza laetitia ni [[Senateri]] akaba n' umunyamuryango wa Komite ishinzwe iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imari Yabaye Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'Umusaruro w’’amatungo , ishami ry'ubuhinzi muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]] (kuva 2009 kugeza 2011) Kuva 2010 Dr.Nyinawamwiza laetitia ni [[Umwarimu]] mukuru muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] y'u [[Rwanda]], Ishuri [[Rikuru]] ry'[[Ubuhinzi]]. Kuva 2011 kugeza 2013 yari Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe amasomo n'[[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|ubushakashatsi]] mu Ishuri Rikuru ry[[Ubuhinzi|'Ubuhinzi]] n'[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko|ubworozi]] ([[ISAE-BUSOGO]]) kuva muri 2012 kugeza 2013 Dr.Nyinawamwiza Leatitia yabaye AG. Umuyobozi w'ishuri [[Rikuru]] ry'[[Ubuhinzi]] n'[[ubworozi]] ([[ISAE-BUSOGO]]) Dr,Nyinawamwiza laetitia yabaye Umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe kugenzura Inama [[Njyanama ya karere]] ka Africa y’[[Uburasirazuba]] mu burezi mu mashuri makuru na [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] (kuva 2013 kugeza 2015) yabaye Umwe mubagize Inama y'Ubuyobozi y'inama y'[[igihugu]] ishinzwe [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|amashuri]] makuru na [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] (kuva 2012 kugeza 2019) Yabaye Umuyobozi wungirije w'inama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo cya siyansi yakoreshejwe ([[Ines-Ruhengeri]]), (kuva 2012 kugeza 2019) Yari Umuyobozi wungirije w'inama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|ubushakashatsi]] n'iterambere ry'[[inganda]] ([[NIRDA]]), (kuva 2016 kugeza 2019) Yabaye Umuyobozi wungirije w'inama y'Ubuyobozi y'icyayi cy'u Rwanda (Inganda z'[[icyayi]] cya Rubaya-Nyabihu), (kuva 2018 kugeza 2019) Yabaye Umunyamuryango w'Inama y'Ubuyobozi ya Rwanda mountain tea (Uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Kitabi), (kuva 2018 kugeza 2019) Yari Umuyobozi w'Ishuri Rikuru ry'[[Ubuhinzi]], siyanse y'inyamaswa n'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] yu [[Rwanda]] (kuva 2013 kugeza 2019).<ref>https://ur.ac.rw/?Dr-Laetitia-NYINAWAMWIZA-appointed-to-Rwanda-Mountain-Tea-s-Board-of-Directors</ref><ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1</ref> == Kuba muri Sena y'u Rwanda == Mu mwaka w'i 2019 Dr. Laetitia Nyinawamwiza yatorewe kujya mu nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]], umutwe wa Sena<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1</ref>. == Ibihembo == Mu mwaka w'i 2017 Dr [[Laetitia Nyinawamwiza]] yahawe igihembo cy'umwe mu bagore bavuga rikijyana bari mu bucuruzi, imiromo ya leta ndetse n'uburezi muri Afurika, icyo gihembo kikaba cyaratanzwe na [[CEO-Global]]<ref>https://ceoglobalnetwork.com/</ref>. Yabaye indashyikirwa muri Kaminuza ishinzwe uburinganire mu Rwanda (kuva 2016 kugeza 2019) == Ishakiro == qg14jw6yz7kx8gl8xjfe1hqxp5kbyt8 0 9392 80023 2021-11-10T13:24:04Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 Created page with "== Guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo == KAYITESI Alice niwe wa gizwe guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo wavuye kumwanya wa [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/Guverineri-Gatabazi-JMV-yasubijwe-ku-mirimo-ye-Kayitesi-Alice-ahabwa-kuyobora-Intara-y-Amajyepfo mayor wa Kamonyi] <ref>Guverineri Gatabazi JMV yasubijwe ku mirimo ye, Kayitesi Alice ahabwa kuyobora Intara y’Amajyepfo - IGIHE.com</ref>" wikitext text/x-wiki == Guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo == KAYITESI Alice niwe wa gizwe guverineri w intara ya amajyepfo wavuye kumwanya wa [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/Guverineri-Gatabazi-JMV-yasubijwe-ku-mirimo-ye-Kayitesi-Alice-ahabwa-kuyobora-Intara-y-Amajyepfo mayor wa Kamonyi] <ref>Guverineri Gatabazi JMV yasubijwe ku mirimo ye, Kayitesi Alice ahabwa kuyobora Intara y’Amajyepfo - IGIHE.com</ref> nen989ixd2u4687qeovkyjs3jspoihm 0 9393 80025 2021-11-10T13:28:00Z Nninette 10329 Created page with "== Ingabire assumpta == Ingabire assumpta yahoze ari umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango kuva mu Kwakira 2019<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-appoints-new-cabinet-member-dismisses-forestry-boss</ref>, kuva tariki 27 Ukwakira 2021 Ingabire assumpta yagizwe Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ([[MINALOC]]) ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingabire assumpta == Ingabire assumpta yahoze ari umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango kuva mu Kwakira 2019<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-appoints-new-cabinet-member-dismisses-forestry-boss</ref>, kuva tariki 27 Ukwakira 2021 Ingabire assumpta yagizwe Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ([[MINALOC]]) ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ignatienne-nyirarukundo-na-assumpta-ingabire-bahinduriwe-inshingano</ref>. == Amateka == Ingabire assumpta yakoze imirimo itandukanye harimo kuba yarabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubugenzuzi,nanone akaba yarakoze no mu [[imbuto foundation]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyirarukundo-yagizwe-umujyanama-mu-biro-bya-minisitiri-w-intebe-assumpta </ref> aho yahuzaga imishinga itandukanye n'imbuto foundation mu gihe yarafite uburambe bw'imyaka irindwi<ref>http://en.igihe.com/news/article/nyirarukundo-appointed-senior-adviser-in-office-of-prime-minister</ref>. == reba == <references /> 15e3di007ty67y4vm5wylxw3cnloglc 4 9394 80026 2021-11-10T13:30:43Z Eminethe 10327 Created page with "MUKAMABANO Madeleine yavutse mu mwaka wi 1955 avukira mu Rwanda, yize amashuri abanza mu rwanda, 1973 yakomereje amashuri yisumbuye mu gihugu cya Uganda, mu gihe Uganda yari mubibazo bya politiqwe kubwa president ADIAMINI Dada. Madelene yaje gufashwa naba diplomate babafaransa bamutwara mu mujyi wa paris, aho yari ajyiye gutegerereza burse yo gukomereza amashuri mu gihugu cyubwongereza muri kaminuza ya stanford. Kubera imbogamizi nyinshi yahuye nazo, yafashe umwanzuro wo..." wikitext text/x-wiki MUKAMABANO Madeleine yavutse mu mwaka wi 1955 avukira mu Rwanda, yize amashuri abanza mu rwanda, 1973 yakomereje amashuri yisumbuye mu gihugu cya Uganda, mu gihe Uganda yari mubibazo bya politiqwe kubwa president ADIAMINI Dada. Madelene yaje gufashwa naba diplomate babafaransa bamutwara mu mujyi wa paris, aho yari ajyiye gutegerereza burse yo gukomereza amashuri mu gihugu cyubwongereza muri kaminuza ya stanford. Kubera imbogamizi nyinshi yahuye nazo, yafashe umwanzuro wo gukomeza icyiciro cyagatatu cya kaminuza muri Moderne letter in Sarbonne. Yakomeje umwuga we muri mission yarafite muri Togo, yabaye umwarimu mu gihugu cya cote d'Ivoire ndetse yaje kuba umu consultant muri Ethiopie. Mu mwaka wa 1999 yakoze kuri radio yumuco yabafaransa( radio france culture). Yakoranye umwete numurava bimuha amahirwe yo kugirwa umuyobozi wibiganiro mbarankuru kuri iyo radio. Yanditse raporo eshanu zivuga ku kugarura amahoro mubanyarwanda nyuma yibyabaye muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994. Mu mwaka 2000,yakoze film mbarankuru kiuri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, ahura nabarokotse Genocide ndetse nabakoze genocide, iyi film yakunzwe nabenshi, ituma abanyarwanda bongera kwiremamo Icyizere Cyo Kubaho. Iyi film yaje guhabwa igihembo kizwi nka Bayeux Calvados-Normandie Prize for war correspondents. Mu mwaka 2003 yabaye umujyanama mukuru wabatunganya inkuru kuri Radio France culture, bakorera kumugabane wa Africa. Yakomeje kuyobora ibiganiro ndetse ikizi nka African Debate. Iyi mirimo yose yayifatanyaga ninshingano yari afite muri European Union nindi mishinga itegamiye kuri leta. Mu mwaka wa 2010 Yagaritse Umwuga witangazamuakuru aho yari amaze imyaka 20 yose muri uyu mwuga. References     "Madeleine Mukamabano", Wikipédia (in French), 2021-04-18, retrieved 2021-11-10 ry3ynkqzlpba9un51ru6h3eluvuf83e 0 9395 80030 80028 2021-11-10T13:39:10Z Eminethe 10327 EDITED ARTICLE wikitext text/x-wiki MUKAMABANO Madeleine yavutse mu mwaka wi 1955 avukira mu Rwanda, yize amashuri abanza mu rwanda, 1973 yakomereje amashuri yisumbuye mu gihugu cya Uganda, mu gihe Uganda yari mubibazo bya politiqwe kubwa president ADIAMINI Dada. Madelene yaje gufashwa naba diplomate babafaransa bamutwara mu mujyi wa paris, aho yari ajyiye gutegerereza burse yo gukomereza amashuri mu gihugu cyubwongereza muri kaminuza ya stanford. Kubera imbogamizi nyinshi yahuye nazo, yafashe umwanzuro wo gukomeza icyiciro cyagatatu cya kaminuza muri Moderne letter in Sarbonne. Yakomeje umwuga we muri mission yarafite muri Togo, yabaye umwarimu mu gihugu cya cote d'Ivoire ndetse yaje kuba umu consultant muri Ethiopie. Mu mwaka wa 1999 yakoze kuri radio yumuco yabafaransa( radio france culture). Yakoranye umwete numurava bimuha amahirwe yo kugirwa umuyobozi wibiganiro mbarankuru kuri iyo radio. Yanditse raporo eshanu zivuga ku kugarura amahoro mubanyarwanda nyuma yibyabaye muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wi 1994. Mu mwaka 2000,yakoze film mbarankuru kiuri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, ahura nabarokotse Genocide ndetse nabakoze genocide, iyi film yakunzwe nabenshi, ituma abanyarwanda bongera kwiremamo Icyizere Cyo Kubaho. Iyi film yaje guhabwa igihembo kizwi nka [[Bayeux Calvados-Normandie Prize for war correspondents]]. Mu mwaka 2003 yabaye umujyanama mukuru wabatunganya inkuru kuri Radio France culture, bakorera kumugabane wa Africa. Yakomeje kuyobora ibiganiro ndetse ikizi nka African Debate. Iyi mirimo yose yayifatanyaga ninshingano yari afite muri European Union nindi mishinga itegamiye kuri leta. Mu mwaka wa 2010 Yagaritse Umwuga witangazamuakuru aho yari amaze imyaka 20 yose muri uyu mwuga. <ref>{{Citation|title=Madeleine Mukamabano|date=2021-04-18|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Mukamabano&oldid=182042640|work=Wikipédia|language=fr|access-date=2021-11-10}}</ref> == References == <!--Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations.--> {{reflist}} <references group="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Mukamabano" /> tgvhny1ehykzcmx0m2tp9inzuwmvl0b 0 9396 83587 80031 2022-05-14T19:13:33Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc''' ni umwe mubategarugori bagize inteko Ishingamategeko umutwe wa Sena , akaba yaratorewe kuzajya mu inteko Ishingamategeko umutwe wa Sena nk’uko byemejwe n’inama nyunguranabitekerezo y’imitwe ya Politiki mu Rwanda.aturuka mu Ishyaka PDC.Iyinama y’iri huriro ry’imitwe ya politiki yemewe mu Rwanda yateranye kuri uyu wa Kane tariki ya 20 Nzeri 2012, niyo yemeje uyu musenateri bashya<ref>http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/uyisenga-na-mukakalisa-batorewe-kujya-muri-sena-y-u-rwanda</ref>.Uyu musenaterari akaba yarafatanyishe nabanyarwanda muri gahunda ya ndumunyarwanda akaba yemezako ndumunyarwanda ari urukingo rw'ejo heza h'u Rwanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ndi-umunyarwanda-ni-urukingo-rw-ejo-heza-h-u-rwanda-senateri-mukakalisa</ref>Akaba yarayoboye comite ya sena ishinzwe gutanga amakuru kubinyobwa bikorerwa mu Rwanda <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-seeks-expedition-food-and-drugs-authority</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] pnkpotw4cul8xtflbqzqksq2r1kv3pe 0 9397 80085 2021-11-11T08:02:36Z Mrbobax 8233 Mrbobax moved page [[Dr. Nyinawamwiza Laetitia]] to [[Nyinawamwiza Laetitia]]: Typo error wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyinawamwiza Laetitia]] t6psepuz8mf5ggdu7s9verck5xnsum3 0 9398 82797 82122 2022-05-03T16:39:37Z Germain92 9488 # WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | background = Umunyapolitiki | name = Valentine Rugwabiza | image = Valentine Rugwabiza, Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).jpg | caption = Uhagarariye u Rwanda muri UN | occupation = Ambassadeli }} [[Dosiye:Valentine Rugwabiza Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation at Ministerial Conference 2011.jpg|thumb|Valentine Rugwabiza]] == RUGWABIZA Valentine == RUGWABIZA Valentine wavutse kuya 25 Nyakanga 1963 ni umunyarwandakazi akaba n' umunyapolitike uhagarariye u '''''[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] '''''mu muryango wabibumbye kuva mu mwaka wa 2016. == Ibyo yakoze == Rugwabiza Valentine kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza muri 2015 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w'umuryango w'ubucuruzi ku Isi<ref>https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/april-2021/rwanda-un-vaccine-equity-inclusion-peace-and-gender-equality-top-our-priorities</ref>. mbere yaho gato yabaye uhagarariye u '''''[[Rwanda]] '''''uhoraho muri [[ONU|Loni]] i [[Ubusuwisi|Geneve]] na Ambasaderi udasanzwe mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwis]]<nowiki/>i. mugihe yari Ambasaderi yabaye umuhuza bikorwa w 'itsinda nyafurika ry'amasaderi muri<ref>https://africanscholars.yale.edu/people/hon-valentine-rugwabiza</ref> (WTO). kandi yari umwe mubagize<ref>https://www.oecd.org/dac/aft/Session%207%20-%20Valentine%20Rugwabiza.pdf</ref> akanama ku ubukungu nimibereho myiza mubiro bya Perezida wu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] i '' '''[[Kigali]] ''''' == Umwihariko == Ambasaderi Rugwabiza Valentine ni umunyamuryango washinze ihuriro ry'abikorera kugiti cyabo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ishyirahamwe ry'abagore ba Rwiyemezamirimo bo mu Rwanda<ref>https://africanscholars.yale.edu/people/hon-valentine-rugwabiza</ref> hamwe n'abagore babayobozi bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Ambasaderi Rugwabiza yabaye umwe mubagize Inama y'ubuyobozi muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]]<ref>https://www.concordia.net/community/ambassador-valentine-rugwabiza/</ref> y'umuryango w' abibumbye ishinzwe Amahoro. Rugwabiza amaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu akora kubibazo by'iterambere ry'Africa ndetse ni isi yose haba mu bigo no munzego za Leta.<ref>https://unitar.org/about/unitar/governance/board-trustees/valentine-rugwabiza</ref> == Amashuri yize naho yize == Afite impamya bumenyi yikiciro cyakabiri cya Kaminuza (Bacholor's) na Masters mu bukungu yakuye muri [[:en:National_University_of_Zaire|Kaminuza Nkuru ya Zaire]] == Indi mirimo ye == ubwo ingabo zumuryango wabibumbye za [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Centre Africa]] Minusca zateranaga zikemera guhindura <ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220219-onu-la-rwandaise-valentine-rugwabiza-en-lice-pour-diriger-la-minusca</ref> umuyobozi mugihe kitarenze ukwezi nibwo umuyobozi wa [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|ONU]] Antonio Gutteres yatangaga umu candita we ugomba gusimbura uwitwa Mankeur Ndiaye uzarangiza manda ye 28 Gashyantare 2022 atangaza ko yifuza ko yasimburwa na [[Valentine Rugwabiza]] uhasanzwe ahagarariye U Rwanda muri ONU hari ku kabiri tariki 22 gashyantare ubwo imyanzuro yakanama nkemura mpaka<ref>https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/whatsinblue/2022/02/central-african-republic-briefing-and-consultations-8.php</ref> yabyemezaga. == Inshingano == kuwa 23 Gashyantare 2022 nibwo Rugwabiza Sendanyoye Vlentine yagizwe umuyobozi wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|MINUSCA]] asimbuye Mnkeur Ndiaye warangije manda te muri gashyantare 28 mumwaka wa 2022 ku itariki 18Mata nibwo Valentine yakiriwe muburyo bw'icyubahiro ningabo ziri mubutumwa bwo kugarura amahoro muri centrafrica MINUSCA<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/valentine-rugwabiza-yatangiye-imirimo-muri-minusca</ref> Ambasaderi Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza yashakanye na Paulin Sendanyoye <references /> 58jnxdabvqyt57pbfz1o66lfiu7wnhs 0 9399 80104 2021-11-11T11:32:54Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Valentine Rugwabiza | image = Valentine Rugwabiza, Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).jpg | image_size = | caption = in 2011 as Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1963}} | birth_place = [[Rwanda]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[National University of Zaire]] | occupation = [[Economist]], [[Businesswoman]] | years_..." wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Valentine Rugwabiza | image = Valentine Rugwabiza, Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).jpg | image_size = | caption = in 2011 as Deputy Director General of the World Trade Organisation | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1963}} | birth_place = [[Rwanda]] | death_date = | death_place = | alma_mater = [[National University of Zaire]] | occupation = [[Economist]], [[Businesswoman]] | years_active = 1989 — present | nationality = Rwandan | ethnicity = | citizenship = Rwandan | known_for = Business, management | networth = | home_town = | title = Rwanda's Permanent Representative<br/>[[United Nations]] | spouse =<small>John Paulin Sendanyoye</small> | religion = }} quy119ze939cl2bpo8u4w8m2hx2pyoe 0 9401 80996 80972 2021-12-01T19:25:32Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Gukosora imyandikire wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kacyira.jpg|thumb|Ambasaderi wu Rwanda muri Gana]] '''Aisa Kirabo Kacyira ('''yavutse mu 1964''')'''ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki ndetse w'impuguke mub'ubuveterineri wabigize umwuga. '''Kacyira''' akaba yarabaye n'umuyobozi wungirije wa [[UN|UN HABITAT]]<ref>http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Kacyira afite Impamyabumenyi ihanitse m'ubumenyi bw'amatungo mubijyanye no kuvura ndetse no kwita ku amatungo, yakuye muri Kaminuza yitwa James Cook muri [[Ositaraliya|ositarariya]]. Kacyira kandi yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere iherereye muri gihugu cy' [[Ubugande]] ,aho yakuye impamyabumyenyi ihanitse ku buvuzi bw' amatungo. <ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-rwanda-relations-catalyst-for-trade-investment-rwanda-high-commissioner.html</ref><ref>https://www.unssc.org/about-unssc/speakers-and-collaborators/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref> == Imirimo ye == Kirabo Kacyira yabaye Guverineri w'[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Intara nini ituwe n'abasaga million 2.5 z'abaturage. Kacyira kandi yabaye umu Diplomate w'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] arugaraiye mu bindi bihugu. Kacyira kandi yabaye umuyobozi wungirije akaba nu munyamabanga mukuru w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w'Abibumbye Habita]]<nowiki/>t kuva m'ugushyingo 2011.<ref>http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref>Muri iyo mirimo ye yabaye umuyobozi mwiza mu ibyo yarashinzwe cyane muguteza imbere imijyi <ref>https://www.unssc.org/about-unssc/speakers-and-collaborators/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref> == Icyo akora ubu == Dr Aisa Kirabo Kacyira kurubu ni Ambasaderi uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Gana|Ghana]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandans-ghana-commit-back-national-unity</ref> == Indi mirimo == Dr Kacyira kandi yayoboye [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i kuva muri 2006 kugeza muri 2011, akaba ari umwe mu mijyi yihuta cyane mu iterambere k'umuvuduko udasanzwe. Mugihe yari ayoboye [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i, Aisa yahawe igihembo na UN HABITAT<ref>https://live.worldbank.org/experts/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira</ref> muri 2008, mu rwego rwo gushimira urwego rw'isuku,umutekano ndetse n'iterambere rirambye.<ref>https://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=318</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Dr Kirabo Aisa Kacyira ni umubyeyi wubatse kandi akaba afite abana bane. == Reba == 4a4m1zxlc7bimyd1gegeyvq0318o2vy 0 9402 80148 2021-11-11T20:51:27Z Arcaton 10346 Created page with "'''Torsten Haß''' uzwi nka '''Kim Godal''' (* 21. Ugushyingo 1970), ni ushinzwe isomero, umwanditsi akaba n'umunyamakuru ukomoka muri [[Ubudage]]<ref>[http://d-nb.info/gnd/1145989268 Isomero ry’igihugu cy’Ubudage, Integrated Authority File (GND) 1145989268], access date 2021-11-30 </ref>uzwi cyane kuba yaranditse igitabo cyitwa ''Bibliotheken für Dummies'' (amakopi 2019/2020: 60.000).<ref>[https://b-u-b.de/wp-content/uploads/2020-11.pdf ''BuB'' journal 72.2020, no...." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Torsten Haß''' uzwi nka '''Kim Godal''' (* 21. Ugushyingo 1970), ni ushinzwe isomero, umwanditsi akaba n'umunyamakuru ukomoka muri [[Ubudage]]<ref>[http://d-nb.info/gnd/1145989268 Isomero ry’igihugu cy’Ubudage, Integrated Authority File (GND) 1145989268], access date 2021-11-30 </ref>uzwi cyane kuba yaranditse igitabo cyitwa ''Bibliotheken für Dummies'' (amakopi 2019/2020: 60.000).<ref>[https://b-u-b.de/wp-content/uploads/2020-11.pdf ''BuB'' journal 72.2020, no.11, p.611, ''Bibliotheken für Dummies als pdf-E-Book''], access date 2021-11-30]</ref> ==Zimwe munyandiko== ===Ibitari ibihimbano=== * ''Bibliotheken für Dummies'' (2019); hamwe na [[Detlev-Schneider-Suderland]] * ''Arbeitgebermarke Bibliothek mit k(l)einem Budget : eine Einführung mit Übungen'' (2021) * ''Vahīṅ dekhiye : Festschrift für Hellmut Vogeler'' (1996); muhinduzi * ''Das Ende der Gemütlichkeit : Entwurf eines Fundraising-Konzepts für kleinere und mittlere Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken '' (2021) * ''Dieses Buch ist für die Tonne : Einführung in den klassischen Zynismus (Kynismus)]]'' (2020); hamwe na [[Maximilian Spannbrucker]] * ''Wohnriester und Erbbau : ein aktuelles Fallbeispiel'' (2021) ===Ubuvanganzo=== ====Inkuru==== * ''Das Kartenhaus : ein Betrugs-Roman'' (2002<ref name="chrono">{{cite book |last1=Godal |first1=Kim |title=Morddeich |publisher=Spatz |date=2021 |pages=133–134 (ikurikiranyabihe ry'ibitabo) |isbn=979-8746727725}}</ref>) * ''Der König des Schreckens : ein Vatikan-Krimi'' (2013<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Männchensache : Rechtsfälle zur Vorbereitung im Geschlechterkampf – Roman'' (2009<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Morddeich : und andere Kurzprosa'' (2021) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit : ein Mittelalter-Roman'' (2006<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit II : Aphrodites Puppen – Roman'' (2007<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit III : Metathronos – Roman'' (2008<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit IV : Agonie – Roman'' (2009<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit V : Staub – Roman'' (2010<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Schwarze Zeit VI : Terra re-mota – Roman'' (2011<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totenmelodie : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2017<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totenquintett : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2018<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Totentraum : ein Kurpfalz-Krimi'' (2019<ref name="chrono" />) ====Ikinamico==== * ''En Nuit : Dramolett'' (2021) * ''Omega oder Das Hochzeitsmahl : Drama'' (2020<ref name="chrono" />) * ''Die Staatsschuld – In a State of Bonds : Drama'' (2003<ref name="chrono" />) ====Ibisigo==== * ''Das Christkind taumelt betrunken im Wald, der Weihnachtsmann torkelt nicht minder : Winter- und Weihnachtsgedichte'' (2020) * ''Es wiehert der Gaul, es graset das Pferd. Es machte auch nichts, wär’s mal umgekehrt : Liebesgedichte und andere'' (2020) == Aho Byakuwe == <references /> ==Imiyoboro== * [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=ha%C3%9F%2C+torsten&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&OESTERREICH=&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&SCHWEIZ=&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes KVK] ([[Ubudage]], [[Ositiriya]], [[Ubusuwisi]], WorldCat): Torsten Haß * [https://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-redesign&lang=en&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fhead.html&header=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fheader.html&spacer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Fspacer.html&footer=%2F%2Fkvk.bibliothek.kit.edu%2Fasset%2Fhtml%2Ffooter.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&ALL=&TI=&AU=godal%2C+kim&CI=&ST=&PY=&SB=&SS=&PU=&kataloge=K10PLUS&kataloge=BVB&kataloge=NRW&kataloge=HEBIS&kataloge=HEBIS_RETRO&kataloge=KOBV_SOLR&kataloge=DDB&kataloge=STABI_BERLIN&kataloge=BIBOPAC&kataloge=LBOE&kataloge=OENB&kataloge=SWISSCOVERY&kataloge=HELVETICAT&kataloge=ALEXANDRIA&kataloge=CHZK_VAUD&kataloge=CHZK_SBT&kataloge=VKCH_RERO&kataloge=WORLDCAT&ref=direct&client-js=yes KVK] ([[Ubudage]], [[Ositiriya]], [[Ubusuwisi]], WorldCat): Kim Godal otuquz2rxvhtn4yqts8tgt857vvm7vt 0 9403 80260 80259 2021-11-13T14:03:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Onechi Lwenje''' (wavutse 1985) ni umukinnyi wa sinema ya [[Zambiya]] <ref>https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/04/29/interview-actor-writer-filmmaker-onechi-lwenje/</ref>. Usibye gukina, Onechi numwanditsi wamamaye, umukinnyi wa firime na producer. Kugeza ubu ayoboye Isosiyete y'Itangazamakuru yitwa 'Landmark Communications Limited'.<ref>https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/08/14/zambian-actor-onechi-lwenje-debuts-my-lusaka-tv-show-on-us-channel/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Onechi yavutse mu 1985 i [[Lusaka]], muri [[Zambiya]] avuka ku munyamakuru w'inararibonye na nyina w’umuhinzi mu muryango ufite barumuna be batatu<ref>http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/onechi-presents-lusaka-africa/</ref>. Se Patson Victor Robert Lwenje yakoraga mu biro bya diplomasi i Beijing mu Bushinwa, aho Onechi yari afite imyaka ibiri n'igice icyo gihe. Patson kandi yari umunyamakuru mu myaka ya za 1980, asesengura umuziki akaba n'umwanditsi w'imyidagaduro<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Onechi_Lwenje</ref>. Onechi yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Beijing, Nkwazi Primary na Gospel Outreach Christian Academy<ref>https://thewhitelilyspeaks.wordpress.com/tag/onechi-lwenje/</ref>. Nyuma yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kabulonga Boys ryisumbuye kandi arangiza amashuri mu 2002<ref>https://www.aardvarkcasting.com/blog-117/aardvark-lusakas-dynamic-team</ref>. Hanyuma, yakurikiranye amasomo mu micungire yamakuru muri ZCAS. Numushinga wa Microsoft Sisitemu yemewe kandi yakoraga muri NCC Phoneix Contractors hamwe na Mediterranean Shipping Company mumyaka mike<ref>https://www.camagazine.co.uk/july2020#!page31</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1999, Onechi yifatanije nu mushinga wa [[Zambiya]] kugirango bakore ikinamico ishingiye ku nsanganyamatsiko yo kurwanya imiti n’ibiyobyabwenge kandi ikinamico yiswe ''Don't''<ref>https://www.glartent.com/ZM/Lusaka/828456094010140/Arty-Socials-Zambia</ref> . Yakinnye muri ako gakino mu turere duturanye mu mashuri agera ku 10. Hagati aho, yatakaje imyaka mike yubuzima muri sosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa. Hanyuma mu 2005, yatangiye guhimba imivugo maze yinjira mu binyamakuru n'ibitabo byinshi birimo 'Nkhani Kulture' mu 2010 na 'Nkwazi In-Flight' muri 2013<ref>https://nkhanikulture.wordpress.com/</ref>. Muri 2017, Onechi yinjijwe nka perezida wa 48 wa Rotary Club ya Lusaka Central abaye umuhererezi ufite uyu mwanya kugeza ubu<ref>https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/lusaka</ref>. Nka perezida, yakoze imishinga igaragara nko kubaka ibitaro by’amagufwa [[Ubutaliyani|by’Ubutaliyani]], ikigo cy’amahugurwa cy’urubyiruko cya Kabulonga n’umushinga wa Vita-Nov wo gutanga ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi ku bitaro bya Chongwe n’ibitaro by’abana by’ubuvuzi bya kaminuza (UTH) bivura indwara z’umutima n’umuriro<ref>https://www.firstshowing.net/2011/83rd-academy-awards-nominees-have-officially-been-announced/</ref>. . Hanyuma yubatse icyumba cy'ishuri mu cyaro cy'akarere ka Chibombo<ref>https://zambianmusicblog.co/tag/onechi-lwenje/</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film/Serial !Roles !Ref. |- |2012 |''Shift'' |Producer | |- |2013 |''Guilt'' |Director | |- |2014 |''Love Games'' |As actor | |- |2016 |''Fever'' |Actor: Fletcher | |- |2017 |''My Africa'' |As presenter |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://afktravel.com/104015/my-lusaka-the-africa-channel/|title=My Lusaka, One Of Africa’s Best-Kept Secrets!|publisher=AFKTravel|accessdate=5 October 2020}}</ref> |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] m3x8hqxizwxbu3p3mvg74lnvduc96nq 0 9404 80343 80261 2021-11-15T04:18:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenneth Yannick,''' (yavukiye: 30 Ukwakira 1995), ni [[Bene|umunyaBene]] ukina comedy .<ref>https://irawotalents.com/kenneth-yannick-humour-stand-up-cotonou-comedy-club-afrique/</ref> Niwe washinze Cotonou Comedy Club, ifatwa nkigitaramo cya mbere gihagaze neza muri Benin<ref>https://kayamaga.com/interview-avec-kenneth-yannick/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yannick yavutse ku ya 30 Ukwakira 1995 i Cotonou, muri [[Bénin]] aho yakuriye na nyina wenyine. Mugihe yize<ref>https://people.epfl.ch/178247/?lang=en</ref>, yabanje gukora icyiciro cya gatanu cyerekeza kubinyabuzima kuko ubuvuzi aribwo yashyize imbere. Ariko, nyuma yaje guhindukirira imibare igana inzira<ref>https://allevents.in/org/kenneth-yannick/14194417</ref>. Hanyuma, Yannick yamaze umwaka mwishuri rya Polytechnic rya kaminuza ya Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) ryabaye ibyago. Yatangiye gukora videwo ngufi zisekeje muri 2013. Nyuma ya baccalauréat, yarangije amasomo yubwubats<ref>https://myastro.com/myastropedia/kenneth-yannick</ref>i<ref>https://mubi.com/users/6649000</ref>. == Umwuga wo gusetsa == Mu mwaka wa 2008, yavumbuye igihagararo hamwe na ''Papa est en haut'', Gad Elmaleh yerekanaga aho ayireba kuri mudasobwa<ref>https://kenahossan.artstation.com/projects/9e0y1o</ref>. Muri 2013, yatangiye gukora amashusho asetsa kuri interineti no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya dogiteri muri physiologiya, yabaye umwarimu wa siporo<ref>https://www.theknot.com/us/ken-yannick-and-tiziano-lukas-sep-2021</ref>, imwemerera kubona amafaranga ahagije yo kwishyura ubukode no gufasha umuryango we. Hanyuma, hagati ya 2015 na 2016, yagerageje gusetsa imbere yinshuti muminsi mikuru y'amavuko<ref>https://www.moneyhouse.ch/en/person/gaudy-yannick-kenneth-127455574601</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2016, Yannick yakoze igitaramo cye cya mbere cyo gusetsa imbere y’abantu 600 batazi stand up comedy byabereye mu kigo cy’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu n’ubucamanza (ENAM)<ref>https://www.voluncorp.com/news-article-2424-kenneth-yannick--le-comeedien-qui-monta-le-ccc.aspx</ref>. Nibwo bwambere comedi ihagaze muri Bénin. Nyuma ku ya 4 Kanama 2017, yashinze Cotonou Comedy Club (CCC) ari kumwe n'inshuti Jean Morel Morufux (Morel) na Fadil Romxi<ref>https://amp.fr.freejournal.info/12909017/1/kenneth-yannick.html</ref>. Ni ubwambere igitaramo cyahariwe guhaguruka gitangwa muri Bénin<ref>https://bjfoot.com/2018/07/02/russie-2018-urgent-le-debrief-de-kenneth-yannick-3/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] owp6vyqsg40ayct0e4qf8ackxqhggmr 0 9405 80344 80262 2021-11-15T04:28:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edgar-Yves Monnouh Jnr.''', [[Bene|umufaransa]] wavukiye muri Bénine ukina comedy<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Edgar-Yves_Monnouh</ref>. Ni umunyamuryango wa Golden Comedy Club ya Paris<ref>https://www.peekyou.com/usa/california/ed_gary</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Ni umuhungu w'umunyapolitiki wo muri Bénine Edgar Yves Monnou<ref>http://wasmg.com/edgar-yves</ref> . Monnouh akiri umwana, umuryango we wimukiye mu Bufaransa kubera ko se yari ambasaderi wa Benin i Paris<ref>https://www.moka-mag.com/articles/edgar-yves</ref>. == Umwuga wo gusetsa == Ubwa mbere, ntiyashakaga gukora urwenya. Icyakora, inshuti ze zamubwiye gukora amashusho kuri enterineti<ref>http://www.welovecomedy.fr/interviews/edgar-yves-le-bonheur-cest-le-privilege-des-gens-courageux</ref>. Icyo gihe, yari i Nantes aho yiyandikishije na sosiyete ya café-théâtre kugirango atezimbere gukina amashusho ye<ref>https://jaimelesmots.com/edgar-yves/</ref>. Muri 2013, yashinze club yo gusetsa ya West Side i Nantes. Hamwe nimyiyerekano, akabari kuri café-théâtre kuzura kandi buri wa gatatu hari abantu 120. Yakinnye igitaramo cye igihe cyose, gatatu mu cyumweru<ref>https://www.fashions-addict.com/L-humoriste-Edgar-Yves-brise-par-le-confinement_373___19789.html</ref>. Yabaye inkingi kuri Rire & Chansons muri 2017. Hagati aho, yahuye na producer wa Jeff Panocloc Philippe Delmas. Delmas yahaye Monnouh kuza i Paris kuri Theatre ya Apollo<ref>https://www.lespotdurire.fr/tag/edgar-yves-monnou/</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yimukiye i Paris maze akora ibitaramo byinshi byo gusetsa bihagaze mu makinamico atandukanye i Paris<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/series/ficheserie_gen_cserie=29662.html</ref>. Urugendo rwatangiye ku ya 22 Mata muri Comédie de Toulouse, nyuma yimukira ku ya 28 na 29 Mata i Metz kuri café-theatre Le Burlesque, ku ya 21 Gicurasi ahitwa Les Fous rires de Toulouse na 7 Kamena kuri Théâtre de l'Ouest i Rouen<ref>https://www.societe.com/societe/sci-edgar-junior-843933912.html</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qoqn1oqe4lamijjmwm82okugzmqzwnn 0 9406 80345 80263 2021-11-15T04:35:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Zinko''' (wavutse 1969), uzwi cyane ku izina rye rya stage '''Eléphant Mouillé''', ni umuririmbyi wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] , umunyarwenya n'umukinnyi<ref>https://www.afro.video/en/artist/elephant-mouille/</ref> . Ni umwe mu banyamuryango bashinze 'Sèmako Wobaho theatre na sinema'. Ni n'umukinnyi uzwi cyane mu ikinamico no muri sinema.<ref>https://archives.beninwebtv.com/2020/09/je-prefere-la-polygamie-la-monogamie-cest-du-probleme-pierre-zinko-alias-elephant-mouille/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Zinko yavutse 1969 i Bohicon, muri Bénin.<ref>https://bluediamondtv.com/2020/09/03/benin-elephant-mouille-fan-de-polygame/</ref> == Umwuga == Ku myaka 12, Zinko yatangiye ari umukanishi wa moto. Muri kiriya gihe, ibitaramo byayo byubuhanzi byagarukiraga mubyabaye gusa. Mu 1986<ref>https://actubenin.com/septieme-art-au-beninelephant-mouille-celebre-25-ans-de-carriere</ref>, yabonye impamyabumenyi ye ya nyuma yo kwimenyereza umwuga. Hanyuma Wet Elephant yimukiye i Cotonou agamije gushinga amahugurwa ye. Ariko, atangira imishinga yubuhanzi muri Cotonou ubwo yahuraga na Pipi Wobaho.<ref>https://www.amazon.fr/Yomie-sous-V%C3%AAtements-Entrejambes-d%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant-Respirant/dp/B07FN83THY</ref> Mu 1996, Wobaho ari kumwe n'incuti ye magara Simplice Behanzin uzwi ku izina rya Pipi Wobaho bashinze "Sèmako Wobaho ikinamico na sinema" kugira ngo barusheho kunoza ireme rya sinema n'ikinamico<ref>https://matinlibre.com/2019/12/09/special-25-ans-de-carriere-artistique-du-comedien-elephant-mouille-bohicon-a-vecu-linedit-et-lapotheose-samedi/</ref>. Ubufatanye bwabo buganisha kubikorwa byinshi byikinamico kuri Bénin. Mu mwaka wa 2010 hamwe n’isosiyete Sèmako Wobaho, babonye disiki ya zahabu ku nshuro ya 4 y’ibirori "Umunsi w’Afurika" babinyujije mu isosiyete yabo y’imikino mu cyiciro cya firime za TV<ref>https://leconomistebenin.com/2021/08/19/cinema-ting-tang-revient-avec-elephant-mouille/</ref>. Icyakora, baratandukanye mu 2013. Muri 2008, isosiyete yakoze firime izwi ''If it was you?'', urukurikirane ruva mubufatanye nabandi banyarwenya benshi bo muri Bénin. Muri 2012, aba Sèmako Wobaho bombi bakoze film ''Capricious Apprentice'' <ref>https://lanouvelletribune.info/2014/04/malentendu-entre-le-rejac-et-l-acctb-elephant-mouille-presente-ses-excuses-a-la-presse-beninoise/</ref>. Wet Elephant yakoze ibitaramo birenga 500 muri Bénin. Afite umwuga yamamaye hanze kuva 1986 kugeza 2019 hamwe n'ibihembo birenga 100 ndetse no kugaragara 200 mumashusho yindirimbo zabahanzi.<ref>https://playlist.africa/elephant-mouille/</ref> Yagaragaye kandi muri firime zigera kuri 41, muri zo 20 ziyobowe na we nk'umwanditsi-umuyobozi ndetse na producer.<ref>http://egbade.over-blog.com/article-suite-a-l-embargo-du-rejac-sur-ses-activites-elephant-mouille-s-excuse-et-se-reconcilie-avec-les-jou-123167382.html</ref>Muri 2019, yijihije imyaka 25 amaze akora umwuga w'ubuhanzi<ref>https://kpakpatomedias.com/2019/11/20/suppose-desaccord-entre-pipi-wobaho-et-lui-la-reaction-du-comedien-elephant-mouille/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |2007 |''If It Was You?'' | |- |2008 |''Vicious Daddy'' | |- |2008 |''Temptation of Faith'' | |- |2008 |''Black Wink'' | |- |2009 |''The Adulterous Woman'' | |- |2009 |''Glossomodo Debate'' | |- |2009 |''Hot Baba'' | |- |2009 |''The Box Law'' | |- |2009 |''Crazy Emotion'' | |- |2010 |''The Wrath of the Fisherman'' | |- |2010 |''Scandal Home'' | |- |2010 |''Bulky Visitor'' | |- |2011 |''Ah Men 2!'' | |- |2011 |''Scandal At Home'' | |- |2011 |''Grandpa JP'' | |- |2012 |''Capricious Apprentice'' | |- |2015 |''Maintenant ou jamais'' | |- |2019 |''The Bull'' | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] kc6t0uenkcp0z7wqbucto8t6mbf4htl 0 9407 80346 80264 2021-11-15T04:38:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yohann Kouam''' (wavutse 1982), ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Ubufaransa|w’Abafaransa]] kimwe na producer<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.yohann-kouam.28651.html</ref>, umwanditsi wa sinema ukomoka [[Kameruni|muri Kameruni.]] Yakoze firime ngufi zamamaye cyane<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/yohann-kouam/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yohann numuyobozi wa firime y' [[ubufaransa]]. Se ni umucungamari naho nyina ni umunyamahoteri<ref>https://www.safirhdf.fr/auteursid.php?auteurid=41</ref>. == Umwuga == Yize gutunganya firime muri Institut des arts de diffusion i Buruseli, hanyuma yiga Ubuhinduzi mu [[Bufaransa]]<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=28651</ref>. Nyuma yaje kuba umufasha wigisha mumashuri yisumbuye gutanga amasomo yindimi<ref>http://www.africine.org/film/retour-le-real-yohann-kouam/16605</ref>. Muri 2007, Kouam yakoze film ngufi ''Fragments de vie'' . Yakiriwe neza, yakoze film ya kabiri ngufi ya ''Les dimanches de Léa'' mu 2010<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Yohann_Kouam/1703773</ref>. Yaje gukora filime ngufi ''Yagarutse'' mu 2013, yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Muri 2016, yakoze film ''Kuva San Francisco hamwe nUrukundo'' <ref>https://www.programme-tv.net/cinema/6537577-le-retour/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |2004 |''Frères'' (Fragments of Lives) |Director, Writer |- |2007 |''Fragments de vie'' (Fragments of Lives) |Director, Writer |- |2010 |''Les dimanches de Léa'' (Lea's Sundays) |Director |- |2013 |''Le Retour'' (The Return) |Director |- |2016 |''From San Francisco with Love'' |Director, Writer |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] aqeabjtrsrzr5woaw6aopsvii62ntrt 0 9408 80347 80265 2021-11-15T04:42:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ariane Astrid Atodji''' ;(yavutse 1980), ni Umukinnyi wa firime [[Kameruni]] ndetse akaba n'umwanditsi<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2011/04/ariane-astrid-atodji-koundi-and.html</ref>. Yakoze documentaire nyinshi zamamaye cyane harimo ''Koundi et le Jeudi national'' na ''La souffrance est une école de sagesse''<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_64777_F</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1980 i Nguelemendouka, muri [[Kameruni]].<ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/individu/1924/</ref> Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Yaoundé hanyuma yitabira amahugurwa ya firime mu kigo cya Goethe muri Yaoundé.<ref>https://www.africapt-festival.fr/real_tous/arianeastrid_atodji.htm</ref> Hanyuma yimukiye muri LN International Film School ya Yaoundé kugirango akomeze kwiga<ref>https://www.crew-united.com/en/Ariane-Astrid-Atodji_277297.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-514167/palmares/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2010, yayoboye ''filime ye ya mbere ya Koundi et le Jeudi national'' yakozwe ku nkunga ya Goethe Institute<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/la-souffrance-est-une-ecole-de-sagesse,504979.php</ref>. Yatsindiye igihembo cy’abacamanza kidasanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Dubai (DIFF) kubera iyi filime. Muri 2014, yayoboye documentaire ya kabiri ''La souffrance est une école de sagesse'' <ref>https://nexdimempire.com/tag/ariane-astrid-atodji/</ref>.<ref>https://www.laboutiqueafricavivre.com/films/20709-la-souffrance-est-une-ecole-de-sagesse-3760114952240.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |2010 |''Koundi et le Jeudi national'' (Koundi and National Thursday) |Director, Writer |- |2014 |''La souffrance est une école de sagesse'' (Suffering is a School of Wisdom) |Director |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] sxrok5nnmeogm0lcytyx6nfm2i6upyy 0 9409 80348 80266 2021-11-15T04:47:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josza Anjembé''' (wavutse 1982), ni umukinnyi w’amafirime w’umufaransa kimwe n’umwanditsi akaba n’umunyamakuru ukomoka [[Kameruni|muri Kameruni.]]<ref>https://www.kubweb.media/fiche/biographie-josza-anjembe-realisatrice/</ref> Yakoze firime nyinshi zamamaye cyane zirimo ''Le bleu blanc rouge de mes'' ''cheveux'' na Baltringue<ref>http://www.ubba.eu/fiche.cfm/700462_251462_190_josza-anjembe.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1982 i [[Paris|Paris mu]] [[Bufaransa]] na se wa Kameruni,; n'umubyeyi [[Ubufaransa|w'umufaransa]] akaba umuforomo. Josza afite musaza we w'impanga<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/408925/josza-anjembe</ref>. Yakuriye i Bondy kugeza afite imyaka 7 hanyuma yimukira muri Les Lilas, Seine-Saint-Denis mu mijyi ya Pantin na Pré-Saint-Gervais<ref>https://manifesto-21.com/josza-anjembe-baltringue/</ref>. == Umwuga == Nyuma ya baccalauréat (igice cya ES), Josza yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu 2004 mu itumanaho muri kaminuza ya Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis <ref>https://www.festival-cabourg.com/editions/2020/films/baltringue/real</ref>. Kuva 2004, Josza yakoraga nkumunyamakuru wa TF1 hanyuma akorera Fance 5 na France 2 <ref>https://www.festival-cabourg.com/editions/2020/films/baltringue/real</ref>. Hagati ya 2009 na 2011, yari umunyamakuru w'amashusho kuri televiziyo ya Afrika 24. Muri 2011, Josza yakoze documentaire, ''Massage à la camerounaise'' . Filime yatoranijwe na Festival International de Programs Audiovisuels (umunsi mukuru wa FIPA wa Biarritz), ndetse n'iya Montreal na Créteil<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=820567.html</ref>. Muri 2012, yahawe inkunga ya Fondation Bleustein-Blanchet. Muri 2014, yitabiriye "Talents en court" ya Jamel Comedy Club,<ref>https://www.cnc.fr/cinema/actualites/cesar-2018-josza-anjembe-un-court-haut-en-couleurs_141841</ref> kikaba ari igikoresho yizeye ko azakora film ye ya mbere ngufi. Hagati ya 2013 na 2016, yakoze nk'umunyamuryango w'ibirori "Buzzons kurwanya igitsina"<ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/regardez-baltringue-de-josza-anjembe-nomme-au-cesar-du-meilleur-court-metrage-6826179.php</ref>. Muri 2014, yakurikiranye amahugurwa yungirije umusaruro mu kigo gishinzwe politiki mpuzamahanga y’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi (CIFAP)<ref>https://www.france.tv/documentaires/art-culture/1324223-portrait-de-josza-anjembe.html</ref>. Hanyuma yakurikiranye amasomo yo gusesengura amashusho muri Institut national de l'audiovisuel (INA). Muri Werurwe 2014, documentaire ikwirakwizwa no ku nteko ishinga amategeko. Muri 2012, yayoboye documentaire ya kabiri, ''KRUMP: amateka ya Krump mu [[Bufaransa]]'' <ref>https://www.africine.org/index.php/personne/josza-anjembe/29062</ref>. Kuri firime, yakurikiranye itsinda ryababyinnyi imyaka ine. Filime yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco ryimico yo mumijyi i Paris<ref>https://www.brooklynfilmfestival.org/film-detail?fid=2222</ref>. Filime ishingiye kuri KRUMP (kuri "Powerful praise of a radically elevated kingdom", cyangwa "IKingdom Radically Uplifted Mighty Praise"), ni imbyino ihumekwa n "imbyino ya clown", yahimbwe mu 1992 na Thomas Johnson.<ref>https://www.dailymotion.com/fr/topic/xtyk1x</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2011 |''Cameroonian massage'' |Director, Writer |documentary |- |2012 |''KRUMP, a history of Krump in France'' |Director, Writer |documentary |- |2013 |''Princesses Bossédi'' |Director, Writer |documentary |- |2016 |''Le bleu blanc rouge de mes cheveux'' (''French'') |Director, Writer |short film |- |2017 |''Fraternité'' |Director, Writer |documentary |- |2017 |''Debout'' |Actress: policewoman |film |- |2019 |''Baltringue'' (Freed) |Director, Writer |short film |- |2019 |''French Touch: Coming of Age'' |Director, Writer |short film |- |2019 |''Three Blades'' |Special thanks |short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] du3jzhjjrnopcww3o6fs6gtai4rpis7 0 9410 80349 80267 2021-11-15T04:53:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Mensah''' yari umukinnyi wa firime wa [[Gabon]], umwanditsi wa sinema akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/charles-mensah/5990</ref>. Azwi cyane ku izina rya "The Gentleman of African Cinemas", Mensah yagize uruhare muri documentaire nyinshi zamamaye cyane nka ''Équateur'', ''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' na ''Lybek, ipfunwe ry'abazima'' <ref>https://myastro.com/myastropedia/charles-mensah</ref>. Yakoze nk'umuntu uharanira iterambere rya sinema yigenga yo mu majyepfo mu mwuga umaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/charles-mensah</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1948 i Omboué, muri [[Gabon]] . Yapfuye ku ya 3 Kamena 2011, afite imyaka 63.<ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/eu_development/3421413904</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1976, yakoze ibihimbano bye bya mbere, ''Obali'' afatanya na Pierre-Marie Ndong. Hanyuma mu 1977 yakoze umushinga wa kabiri ''Ayouma'' afatanya na Ndong na Patience Dabany<ref>https://www.afrik.com/charles-mensah-ou-l-ambition-d-un-cinema-africain-par-les-africains</ref>. Intsinzi yo gukora amafilime, Mensah yagize uruhare mu gutunganya, kuri iyi nshuro hamwe na filime ''Équateur'', yasinyiye Serge Gainsbourg<ref>https://www.union.sonapresse.com/personnalites-gabonaises/charles-mensah-la-vie-est-un-film-au-commencement-etait-limage-14446</ref> . Hamwe n’umukinnyi wa filime uzwi cyane Henri-Joseph Koumba Bididi mu 1995, Mensah yagize uruhare muri televiziyo ''L'Auberge du Salut'', filime yuzuye ya Gabon.<ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/personne-charles-mensah.html</ref> Nkumuproducer, Mensah yitabiriye ibikorwa byinshi birimo: ''Le Damier de Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda'' mu 1996, ''Dôlè (l'Argent)'' na Imunga Iwanga mu 2000<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/charles-mensah/5990</ref>, ''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' mu 2001 na ''N'Djamena City'' iyobowe na Issa Serge Coelo mu 2006. Yagize kandi uruhare muri documentaire ngufi kuri ''Lybek, le crunch du vivant'' <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/charles-mensah-1</ref>. Kugeza mu 2009, yari afite umwanya wo kuba Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Sinema ya Gabon (CENACI)<ref>http://www.bdpgabon.org/articles/2011/06/03/gabon-le-cineaste-charles-mensah-tire-sa-reverence/</ref>, ubu kikaba kizwi ku izina rya Gabonese Institute of Image and Sound (IGIS). Muri uwo mwaka, yabaye perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora amafilime muri Pan-[[Afurika]] (FEPACI) ndetse no muri komisiyo ishinzwe ikigega cyo gufasha amafilime y’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’igifaransa. Muri 2011<ref>http://africultures.com/murmures/?no=7419</ref>, yakoraga muri Bididi's ''Le collier du Makoko'' yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga harimo na Cannes <ref>https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200703200368.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''Obali'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Ayouma'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Équateur'' (Ecuador) |producer |film |- |1983 |''L'Auberge du Salut'' (The Auberge du Salut) |producer |TV series |- |1996 |''Le Damier de Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda'' (The Checkerboard of Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda) |executive producer |film |- |2000 |''Dôlè (l'Argent)'' (Dôlè (Money)) |executive producer |film |- |2001 |''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' (The Balls of the Elephant) |executive producer |film |- |2006 |''N'Djamena City'' |executive producer |film |- |2009 |''Lybek, le crunch du vivant'' (Lybek, the crunch of the alive) |executive producer |film |- |2011 |''Le collier du Makoko'' (The Makoko Necklace) |producer |film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 8m559jtznfoflum5cmi18k3s3xfa90a 0 9411 80350 80268 2021-11-15T05:00:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henri-Yozefu Koumba Bididi''' yavutse 15 Nyakanga 1957), ni umunya Gabo ukora filimi, akandika filimi ndetse anakora kuri Tv nka televiziyo manager umusaruro ahanini utaziguye muma documentary films<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3204</ref>. Yakoze documentaire nyinshi zamamaye cyane harimo ''na Necklace ya King'' na ''Le Singe Fou''<ref>https://cines.com/en/directors/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref> . Usibye icyerekezo, yanakoze, yandika cyangwa ayobora inyandiko nyinshi kuri tereviziyo<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/3204</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1957 i Omboué, muri [[Gabon]] . Yarangije amashuri ya firime muri École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC) mu Bufaransa<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=69396.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1983, Bididi yakoraga nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe gukina filime ''Équatur'' iyobowe na Serge Gainsbourg <ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/search?q_text=Henri-Joseph%20Koumba%20Bididi</ref>. Hanyuma mu 1986, yasinyiye muri firime ngufi ''Le singe fou'' <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/306060/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Yahawe igihembo kubera kunenga abanyamakuru b'Abarabu mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage ndetse anahabwa igihembo gikomeye cya Filime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo rya 10 rya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) mu 1987<ref>https://cines.com/en/movie-script/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Kuva mu 1988 kugeza 1991, Bididi yari umuyobozi w'ishami rya radiyo na televiziyo byo mu karere ka ' Haut-Ogoué <ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>'. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 1994, Bididi yazamuwe kuba umuyobozi wungirije mushya wa Radio Télévision Gabonaise (RTG)<ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>. Mu 2000, yakomeje gukora nk'umuyobozi wa tereviziyo akaba na producer wa filime ye ya mbere yakinnye, ''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' <ref>https://www.librairie-gallimard.com/livre/9782414237135-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-kevin-biyoghe-serge/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 17 rya [[Afurika]] ryabereye i [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina]] Faso. Mu 1994, Bididi yayoboye ibice bibiri bya serivise ya ''L'auberge du Salut''<ref>https://www.alamy.com/djogo-year-2002-gabon-france-director-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-image225298644.html</ref> . Muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime yerekana ''Le collier du Makoko'', iyi ikaba ari filime ihenze cyane muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yarashwe hamwe na miliyoni 4 z'amayero<ref>https://www.binged.com/person/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/</ref>. Filime yateguwe mu myaka 4, aho gufata amashusho byatwaye amezi atatu<ref>https://afrocinestream.com/R%C3%A9alisateur/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-gabon/</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza mu maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ya filime kandi yegukana igihembo cy’abacamanza kidasanzwe ndetse n’igihembo cyo gusobanura abagabo mu iserukiramuco rya Khouribga 2012 ryabereye muri [[Maroke|Maroc]]<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyo Gusobanura mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs 2012 ryabereye muri Kameruni nk'icyo gihembo cy’amajwi meza na posita nziza muri FESPACO 2013. Muri 2013<ref>https://www.cinemaafrica.uni-bayreuth.de/de/unsere-gaeste/filmemacher-im-gespraech/Henri-Joseph-Koumba-Bididi/index.html</ref>, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cy'abari bitabiriye iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Masuku 2013 ryabereye i Gabon.<ref>http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?mot281</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''Obali'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Ayouma'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Équateur'' (Ecuador) |producer |film |- |1983 |''L'Auberge du Salut'' (The Auberge du Salut) |producer |TV series |- |1996 |''Le Damier de Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda'' (The Checkerboard of Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda) |executive producer |film |- |2000 |''Dôlè (l'Argent)'' (Dôlè (Money)) |executive producer |film |- |2001 |''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' (The Balls of the Elephant) |executive producer |film |- |2006 |''N'Djamena City'' |executive producer |film |- |2009 |''Lybek, le crunch du vivant'' (Lybek, the crunch of the alive) |executive producer |film |- |2011 |''Le collier du Makoko'' (The Makoko Necklace) |producer |film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] h3323to6ftofiyhkdnqhyz5g8twxcrm 0 9412 80351 80269 2021-11-15T05:12:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manouchka Kelly Labouba''' , ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Gabon]] akaba n'umwanditsi wa sinema cyane cyane ayobora firime ngufi <ref>https://zdcusc.org/people/phd-students-old/manouchka-kelly-labouba/</ref>. Yakoze firime nyinshi zamamaye cyane zirimo ''Marty et la tendre dame'', ''Le guichet automatique'' na ''Le ubutane''<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/manouchka-kelly-labouba</ref> . Usibye icyerekezo, ni n'umunyeshuri, umukinnyi wa sinema, umwanditsi akaba n'umukoresha wa kamera<ref>https://usc.academia.edu/ManouchkaKellyLabouba</ref>. == Umwuga w'amasomo == Mu 2005, yize Filime & Media Studies muri kaminuza ya California, Santa Barbara<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/fr/search?q_text=Manouchka%20Kelly%20Labouba</ref> . Hanyuma, mu 2007, yabonye Master de Recherche, Ubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Bordeaux Montaigne <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ie/search.php?stype=director&stext=Manouchka%20Kelly%20Labouba</ref>. Nyuma yaje kurangiza impamyabumenyi ya MA Critical Studies hanyuma Ph.D. Kwiga Sinema n'Itangazamakuru muri kaminuza y’amajyepfo ya Californiya kugirango abone kandi yarangije afite Impamyabumenyi mu bucuruzi bwimyidagaduro<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=16646</ref>. == Umwuga wa sinema == Mu 2004, yakoze ''Bouchées d'Amours'' ngufi. Yatoranijwe kumugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ryabanyeshuri rya 2004 Chartres<ref>http://www.africine.org/film/divorce-le/7589</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yatangiye gukina sinema ya mbere ''Le ubutane'', yamamaye cyane mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime.yi minota 40 ngufi yashyizwe mu gutoranya ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage mu 2008<ref>http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?m=171&c=3&id_film=100054727&o=</ref>, gutoranya ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi na Televiziyo bya Panafrican 2009 rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO), guhitamo ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs ryo mu 2009<ref>https://www.academymuseum.org/en/curatorial-programming</ref>, guhitamo ku mugaragaro muri Filime Nyafurika y'Abagore ya Ouagadougou 2010 Umunsi mukuru<ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/War-Don-Don-Labouba/fd82c9ee6251288468b0b9392f1c82e71b9b1635</ref>. Yatoranijwe kandi mu marushanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime ngufi rya Abidjan 2010 (FFAA) na Iserukiramuco rya Filime ryigenga rya 2012. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyumuyobozi wambere witwaye neza muri 2009 Eacrans Noirs Festival<ref>https://www.bdpmodwoam.org/articles/2008/07/05/gabon-art-cinema-manouchka-kelly-labouba-premiere-femme-gabonaise-a-sinvestir-dans-la-realisation-dun-film-de-fiction/</ref>. Muri 2010, yayoboye firime enye: ''Bébé Portable'', ''Combien Ca Coute?'', ''Enfant De Ta Mére'', na ''Le Menteur & Le Voleur'' aho nyuma yaje gushyirwa mu majwi mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs 2010<ref>https://www.imagesfrancophones.org/catalogue/divorce-le-7589</ref>. Yakoze kandi nk'umuyobozi wungirije wa mbere muri filimi ngufi 3: ''La Particuliére'', ''Les Bonnes Maniéres'', na ''La Guerre des Ordures'' . Muri 2011 yayoboye ''Le guichet automatique'' yashyizwe mu guhitamo kumugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs 2011<ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-09-09/academy-museum</ref>. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, yakoze nk'umwanditsi wa firime nyinshi ngufi zirimo: ''Kuva DWG kugeza DWJr: The Black ManÕs Burden'' (2006) na ''Michel Ndaot: Entre Ombres et Lumiéres'' (2008)<ref>https://memim.com/cinema-of-africa.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''From D.W.G. to D.W.Jr: The Black ManÕs Burden'' |writer |Short film |- |2008 |''Michel Ndaot: Entre Ombres et Lumiéres'' |writer |Short film |- |2008 |''Le divorce'' (The divorce) |Director, writer |Short film |- |2010 |''Le Menteur & Le Voleur'' (The Liar & The Thief) |director, writer, producer |Short film |- |2012 |''Dans la fraternité'' (In Brotherhood) |assistant camera, camera operator, dolly grip |Short film |- |2011 |''Mon père africain'' (My African Father) |director, writer, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Le guichet automatique'' (The ATM) |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Short film |- |2013 |''Marty et la tendre dame'' (Marty and the Tender Lady) |Director, writer |Short film |- |2013 |''Un échange'' (An Exchange) |dolly grip |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] tvjj8xzl480a3i8pn56otqxwpnq2m70 0 9413 80352 80270 2021-11-15T05:19:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Waithira''''', ni filime yo muri 2017 yo muri [[Kenya]]- Amajyepfo [[Afurika|y’Africa]] yerekana ubuzima bwa film yerekanwe na Eva Njoki Munyiri kandi yafatanije n’umuyobozi ubwe hamwe na Stefan Gieren na Jean Meeran muri Team Tarbaby<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7937958/</ref>.<ref>https://junofilms.com/req.php?req=static.php&page=waithira</ref> Iyi filime ivuga ku mateka y’umuyobozi Eva Njoki Munyiri n’amasangano yayo n'amateka yibagiwe ya [[Kenya]], umuco wa pop na diaspora<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2018/10/ndiva-womens-film-festival-2018_94.html</ref>. Waithira yakiriwe neza kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2017/07/how-do-you-write-about-a-flawed-film</ref>. Hari screened mikuru nka DIFF y'Epfo & guhura, Iserukiramuco rya Filime Nyafurika, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Créteil, n'ibindi Muri 2018, iyi filime yari ihagarariwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry'inyandiko rya Munich<ref>https://rushlake-africa.com/portfolio-items/waithira/</ref>.<ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/lifestyle/2019-09-21-waithira-a-family-documentary-and-account-of-our-national-heritage/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Jimmy Kamau Waithira * Eva Munyiri * Benjamin Fernandez * Lois Waithira Kamau * Munthoni nkumusore Guka * Kamau nkumusore wintumwa * Eric Seme Otero * Kamau wa Munyiri * Lois Waithira Wendrock * Kamilla Wendrock * Thomas Wendrock * Eli Wendrock * Eileen Waithira Abisgold * Leila Abisgold * Gage Griffiths == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 27jje9mlr4wx76a0hj3s0njmw7b4zrb 0 9414 80353 80271 2021-11-15T05:25:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Clémence Andriamonta Paes''' (wavutse 1959), ni umukinnyi wa firime w’Abafaransa wo muri Malagasi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0086972/</ref> . Yakoze inyandiko nyinshi zamamaye cyane zirimo: ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' , ''Mahaleo'' na ''L'opéra du bout du monde'' . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni producer numwanditsi<ref>https://dafilms.com/director/10097-marie-clemence-paes</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1959 kuri se w’umufaransa na nyina wa Malagasy. Yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Sociology na Marketing CELSA-Sorbonne Diploma <ref>https://frenchculture.org/events/11052-fahavalo-madagascar-1947-director-marie-clemence-andriamonta-paes</ref>.Yashakanye na César Paes, akaba n'umuyobozi wa filimi uvuka muri Franco-Berezile<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=7524</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1988, yatangije uruganda rwigenga rukorera i Paris rwitwa 'Laterit Productions' hamwe n'umugabo we César<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/marie-clemence-andriamonta-paes/</ref>. Isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa yiyemeje gukwirakwiza no gutangaza. Hamwe numugabo we César Paes, yanditse kandi akora documentaire nka ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Umugani wo muri Madagasikari'' , ''Indirimbo n'amarira ya Kamere'', na ''Soup ya Awara''<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_36529_F</ref> . ''Awara Soup'' yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Cinéma du Réel, Festival dei Popoli na Dok Leipzig . Filime ze nka ''Saudade do Futuro'', ''Mahaleo'', ''Opera yo mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde'' ''n'indirimbo za Madagasikari'' zasohotse mu ikinamico mu [[Bufaransa]] no muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://tisch.nyu.edu/performance-studies/events/ay-2019-20/screening-of-fahavalo-with-filmmaker-marie-clemence-andriamonta-</ref>. Muri documentaire ye, umuziki ni ikintu cyingenzi kandi umuziki ukoreshwa nkibintu byerekana inkuru. Amenshi muri firime ayobowe na Clémence yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mu iserukiramuco rya Cinéma du Réel<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=49270.html</ref><ref>https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/personne/SQY46yH</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1989 |''[[:en:Angano..._Angano..._nouvelles_de_Madagascar|Angano... Angano... nouvelles de Madagascar]]'' |director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |1992 |''To the warriors of silence'' |producer |Documentary |- |1992 |''Songs and Tears of Nature'' |producer, writer |Documentary |- |2000 |''Saudade Do Futuro'' |producer, writer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Mahaleo'' |producer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Le sifflet'' |producer |Short film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Batuque,_the_Soul_of_a_People|Batuque, l'âme d'un peuple]]'' |director, producer, production manager |Documentary |- |2012 |''L'opéra du bout du monde'' |director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2014 |''The Malagasy Way'' |co-producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Songs for Madagascar'' |producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''De la Sakay à la Carapa'' |producer |Documentary |- |2018 |''[[:en:Fahavalo,_Madagascar_1947|Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947]]'' |director, producer, writer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] jul34og0nbxsci46ttykmty8kdqmwd5 0 9415 80354 80272 2021-11-15T05:37:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siatta Scott Johnson''' ( yavutse 1974), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo [[Liberiya|muri Liberiya]] akaba n'umunyamakuru utangaza amakuru<ref>https://www.irex.org/people/siatta-scott-johnson</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire izwi cyane ''Iron Ladies of Liberia'' . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni umunyamakuru ndetse na producer. Ni n'umunyamuryango washinze itangazamakuru rya Omuahtee Africa<ref>https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/authors/siatta-scott-johnson/</ref><ref>https://genderandsecurity.org/director/siatta-scott-johnson</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1974 i Buchanan, muri [[Liberiya]]. Nyuma yakuriye mu cyaro cya Grand Bassa<ref>https://www.cinemapolitica.org/artists/siatta-scott-johnson</ref> . Mu ntangiriro ya za 90, Johnson yahunze avuye muri Grand Bassa intambara itangira. Nyuma yaje gutura muri Monrovia mu gihe intambara yarangiraga mu 2003<ref>https://www.wmm.com/filmmaker/Siatta+Scott+Johnson/</ref>. Amashuri amaze gufungura nyuma y'intambara, Johnson yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya Bachelor of Arts mu itumanaho rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Liberiya <ref>https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/authors/siatta-scott-johnson/</ref>. Hanyuma, yafashe impamyabumenyi muri raporo za politiki yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[Liberiya]], nyuma mu bitangazamakuru avuye mu ihuriro ry’abanyamakuru bo muri Liberiya ndetse n’ubutumwa bw’umuryango w’abibumbye muri Liberiya (UNMIL)<ref>https://www.documentary.org/online-feature/ten-ways-looking-democracy-new-documentary-project-airs-around-world</ref>. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi mu itangazamakuru yakuye muri Liberia Institute of Journalism. Yakoze kandi nk'umunyamakuru akaba na producer muri Downtown Community Televiziyo Centre (DCTV).<ref>https://www.moderntimes.review/modern-times-online/page/16/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2007, yakoze documentaire yamamaye cyane ''Iron Ladies yo muri [[Liberiya]]'' afatanije na Daniel Junge. Iyi documentaire yahawe icyubahiro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Dallas, Target Ten Filmmaker nka Documentaire nziza yuwo mwaka kandi ibaye Filime Nziza Yaturutse Isi Y’Amashuri mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime Isi ryabereye i Prague. Usibye ibyo, film yanagaragaye mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Siatta_Scott_Johnson/2243816</ref>. Usibye sinema, ni umunyamakuru uzwi cyane muri [[Liberiya]] aho yakoranye n'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamakuru b'abagore bo muri [[Liberiya]] (FeJAL). Yakoze kandi muri Beyondmedia Education i Chicago, muri [[Amerika]]. Johnson amaze gusubira muri [[Liberiya]], yakoze mu kubaka itangazamakuru ry’urubyiruko rwo muri [[Liberiya]]<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2008063395</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukora ubuvugizi bw'itangazamakuru mu nama ishinzwe impunzi muri Noruveje (NRC) aho yateguye ibiganiro bya radiyo ku bagore bo mu cyaro mu mushinga witwa “ABAGORE B'UBWENGE”. Yakoranye kandi na Medica Mondiale Liberia nk'ushinzwe itumanaho aho yorohereza impinduka mu myitwarire mu bagore bo mu cyaro batuye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Liberiya]]. Johnson yabaye producer wa gahunda ya tereviziyo yitwa 'Amajwi Yingenzi' yari gahunda kubakobwa b'ingimbi n'abangavu<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/19319_1</ref>. Muri 2012, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru n’umuyobozi uhanga muri Smart Media Liberia. Muri 2019, yongeye gutorerwa kuba perezida w'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamakuru b'abagore bo muri [[Liberiya]]<ref>https://www.cinema.de/stars/star/siatta-scott-johnson,4729098,ApplicationStar.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1989 |''[[:en:Angano..._Angano..._nouvelles_de_Madagascar|Angano... Angano... nouvelles de Madagascar]]'' |director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |1992 |''To the warriors of silence'' |producer |Documentary |- |1992 |''Songs and Tears of Nature'' |producer, writer |Documentary |- |2000 |''Saudade Do Futuro'' |producer, writer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Mahaleo'' |producer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Le sifflet'' |producer |Short film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Batuque,_the_Soul_of_a_People|Batuque, l'âme d'un peuple]]'' |director, producer, production manager |Documentary |- |2012 |''L'opéra du bout du monde'' |director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2014 |''The Malagasy Way'' |co-producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Songs for Madagascar'' |producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''De la Sakay à la Carapa'' |producer |Documentary |- |2018 |''[[:en:Fahavalo,_Madagascar_1947|Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947]]'' |director, producer, writer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 1dwfjjwmuzbpvxiy38uzmaiw96r3sqp 0 9416 80355 80273 2021-11-15T05:40:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalifa Dienta''' (yavutse 1 Mutarama 1940), yari umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Mali]] .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0226064/</ref> Yari azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filime yakunzwe cyane ''A Banna'' . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, yari n'umwanditsi akaba n'umukinnyi wa sinema<ref>https://www.screenweek.it/stars/23656/bio</ref>.<ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/kalifa-dienta/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1940 i Macina, muri [[Mali]], yitaba Imana ku ya 2021 i Bamako, muri [[Mali]]. Yize sinema i Moscou<ref>https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/cb/1987-v6-n3-cb1134308/34591ac.pdf</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1980, yayoboye filime ''A Banna'' yakiriwe neza cyane n'abayireba kandi atoranywa mu minsi mikuru mpuzamahanga ya firime.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?birth_place=Mali</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1980 |''A Banna'' |director, writer, cinematographer |Feature film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] b01n8in04qnispv61nfw6zsjtzl8u9a 0 9417 80356 80274 2021-11-15T07:50:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Djibril Kouyate''' (yavutse 1942), ni umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri [[Mali]] <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/djibril-kouyate</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zamamaye cyane nka ''The Tieman'', ''Tiefing'' na ''Walaha'' <ref>http://africine.org/personne/djibril-kouyate/19843</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1942 i [[Bamako]], muri Mali<ref>http://www.tv5monde.com/cms/cinema/p-779-KOUYATE.htm?ficheId=980&position=109&search=realisateur&recherche=&pays=0&categorie=0&genre=0&annee=&page=8&action=ok&lettre=&cfid=779</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 1969, yakinnye bwa mbere mubuyobozi bwa mbere na ''l'artisanat'' . Hanyuma yakoze film ''Le retour de Tieman'' (1970)<ref>https://www.musixmatch.com/fr/paroles/Toumani-Diabat%C3%A9-Kandia-Kouyate-Kelitigui-Diabat%C3%A9-Bassekou-Kouyate-Djibril-Camara-S%C3%A9kou-Diabat%C3%A9-Kass%C3%A9-Mady-Diabat%C3%A9/Mali-Sadio</ref>, ''Le drapeau noir au sud du berceau'' (1976) na ''Le Mali aujourd'hui'' (1978). Nkumukinnyi, yakinnye muri firime: ''Verloren Maandag'' (1974), ''Ta Dona'' (1991), na ''Macadam tribu'' (1999)<ref>https://www.offi.fr/artiste/djibril-kouyate-21505.html</ref>. Mu 2000, yakinnye muri firime yitwa ''Code inconnu'' yamenyekanye cyane aho imico ye nka 'Youssouf' yashimiwe cyane<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/djibril-kouyate</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1969 |''l'artisanat'' (Arts and crafts) |director |Feature film |- |1970 |''Le retour de Tieman'' (The return of Tieman) |director |Feature film |- |1974 |''Verloren Maandag'' |actor |Feature film |- |1976 |''Le drapeau noir au sud du berceau'' (The Black Flag South of The Cradle) |director |Feature film |- |1978 |''Le Mali aujourd'hui'' (Mali today) |director |Feature film |- |1991 |''Ta Dona'' (Your Dona) |actor: Samou |Feature film |- |1992 |''Depte'' (Deposit) |director |Feature film |- |1993 |''Tiefing'' |director, script |Feature film |- |1999 |''Macadam tribu'' (Macadam Tribe) |actor: Papa Sandu |Feature film |- |1999 |''Walaha'' |director |TV series |- |2000 |''Code inconnu'' (Code Unknown) |actor: Youssouf |Feature film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] f6qamag4e0hppjs7gaxd6eumb0k42ri 0 9418 80357 80275 2021-11-15T07:55:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Awa Traoré''' , ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Mali]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0871038/</ref>. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, Traoré ni umuyobozi wungirije, uwahimba ndetse n'umwanditsiwa filimi.<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/awa-traore</ref> == Umwuga == Traoré yatangiye umwuga we muri film ya ''L'enfant noir'' 1995<ref>https://www.sensacine.com/actores/actor-494231/</ref>. Nyuma yaje kuba 'umuhigi' muri filime ngufi ya ''Denko yo'' mu 1993 iyobowe na Mohamed Camara <ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/rf-watch-online/actors/awa-traore</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema mpuzamahanga rya Clermont-Ferrand<ref>https://karoninka.com/pl-categs/actor/</ref>, igihembo cya filime ngufi nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Friborg ndetse n’igihembo cya Golden Danzante mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Huesca<ref>https://lebasic.com/en/search/chocolat/feed/rss2/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1995 |''L'enfant noir'' |Actress: La chasseresse |Feature film |- |1993 |''[[:en:Denko|Denko]]'' |Actress: The huntress |Short film |- |2011 |''Une journée avec'' |Director, writer |TV Series documentary |- |2011 |''Correspondances'' |Assistant director |Documentary |- |2009 |''Notre pain capital'' |Composer |Documentary short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] hkgll688e5u9ifo95eg2n7wv72m23rx 0 9419 80358 80276 2021-11-15T07:59:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ladji Diakité''' , ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Mali]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zamamaye cyane nka ''Duel à Dafa'' na ''Fantan Fanga'' <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ladji-diakite/</ref>. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, Diakité ni umuyobozi wungirije hamwe nuwashushanyaga imyambarire<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=17752</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i [[Bamako]], muri Mali. Diakité yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buvanganzo yakuye muri Ecole Normale Supérieure<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/ladji-diakite</ref> . Yize kandi muri Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe gutunganya film)<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/ladji-diakit%C3%A9</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1991, yinjiye muri filime ''Ta Dona nk'ushushanya'' imyambarire. Hanyuma mu 1997, yakoze muri film ''Taafé Fanga'' nk'umuyobozi wungirije<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/fr/search?q_text=Ladji%20Diakite</ref>. Mu 2001, yayoboye filime ''yumukobwa La Rencontre des chasseurs''<ref>http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?mot144</ref> . Mu 2006, yagiye muri firime ya tele ''Duel a Dafa'' . Hanyuma mu 2007, yayoboye ''Duel à Dafa'' hanyuma ''Fantan Fanga'' afatanya na Adama Drabo mu 2009<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0224467/</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe ku mugaragaro iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) 2009. Hagati aho, yabaye umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe umusaruro w’ikigo Centre de la cinématographie du Mali (Ikigo cy’igihugu cya Cinematografi ya [[Mali]]: CNCM)<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/ladji-diakite/17752</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1991 |''Ta Dona'' (Fire!) |costume designer |Feature film |- |1997 |''Taafé Fanga'' (Skirt Power) |assistant director |Feature film |- |2001 |''La Rencontre des chasseurs'' (The meeting of hunters) |director |Feature film |- |2005 |''Commissaire Balla'' |director |TV series |- |2007 |''Duel à Dafa'' |director |Tele film |- |2009 |''Fantan Fanga'' (Power of the Poor) |director |Feature film |- |2010 |''Concessions (Les)'' (The Concessions) |director |TV series |- |2016 |''Rêve d’or'' (Golden dream) |director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 6d0quottankcphbam3m11ml028rcso3 0 9420 80359 80277 2021-11-15T08:05:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''César Paes''' (yavutse 1959), ni umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri [[Burezile|Burezire]] ariko utuye [[Bufaransa|mubufaransa]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0655941/</ref> . Yayoboye inyandiko nyinshi zamamaye cyane zirimo: ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' , ''Mahaleo'' na ''L'opéra du bout du monde'' . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni numuproducer, umwanditsi akaba na cinematografi<ref>https://dafilms.com/director/9266-cesar-paes</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == César Paes yavutse mu 1955 i Campos, [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Burezili]]<ref>https://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/2052/</ref>. Yashakanye na [[Marie-Clémence Paes|Marie-Clémence Andriamonta]], akaba n'umuyobozi wa Franco-Malagasy.<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/311537/cesar-paes</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1988, yatangije isosiyete yigenga itanga umusaruro ikorera i Paris yitwa Laterit Productions hamwe n'umugore we Marie<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=C%C3%A9sar+Paes&sa=N&biw=1366&bih=657&sxsrf=AOaemvLolDanSR4885TRBl15xSFOAcNdFQ:1636963292196&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=LooAu8c6ZgOOCM%252CHdoAL_9gpvFFZM%252C_%253BHOLBE5Zw9oe8BM%252CGLCoFrkArPCkVM%252C_%253Bc6VHKDHv4T_lXM%252CtBz8QITlFN3ZZM%252C_%253B0RdXHjY_aXzYSM%252CTJNweMPI2IomqM%252C_%253BjpM-Qey1NC9pSM%252CuIxRbzIvRCee6M%252C_%253Bo8VIksNtU2h6UM%252CynheT4K72DnPtM%252C_%253B7GUPWUeM1jNzgM%252CVG1QYvAsMMbF5M%252C_%253BGHJ0STTleEshlM%252CIunA1_cIHeUJ0M%252C_%253Bey63veXwmray1M%252CGBCQRbzd9yTCrM%252C_%253BW_ehj_1oDo0InM%252Ce9LEgWNx5m87TM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kQtESl2xf33xM8INqD0CIQ7aZG6QA&ved=2ahUKEwjZnKq885n0AhVXSPEDHfGeChQ4ChD1AXoECAgQAQ#imgrc=LooAu8c6ZgOOCM</ref>. Isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa yiyemeje gukwirakwiza no gutangaza. Hamwe numugore we Marie, yayoboye documentaire nka ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Angano.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Umugani wo muri [[Madagasikari]]'' , ''Ku barwanyi bacecetse'', ''Saudade do Futuro'' ''n'indirimbo za [[Madagasikari]]'' batsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Cinéma du Réel, Festival dei Popoli na Dok Leipzig <ref>https://www.fnac.com/ia414074/Cesar-Paes</ref>.<ref name=":0">http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/17015_1</ref><ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yafatanije kuyobora documentaire ''L'Opéra du bout du monde'' ikaba ari inkuru yo gushiraho opera yo muri iki gihe kuva ku kirwa cya Reunion ivuga ko abapolisi ba Louis XIV bageze mu birwa byo mu nyanja y'Abahinde<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/fr/search?q_text=C%C3%A9sar%20Paes</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1989 |''[[:en:Angano..._Angano..._nouvelles_de_Madagascar|Angano... Angano... nouvelles de Madagascar]]'' |director, writer |Documentary |- |1992 |''To The Warriors of Silence'' |cinematographer |Documentary |- |1992 |''Songs and Tears of Nature'' |director, writer |Documentary |- |1996 |''Awara Soup'' |director, cinematographer |Documentary |- |1997 |''We, France's Undocumented Immigrants'' |director |short film |- |2000 |''Saudade Do Futuro'' |director, producer, cinematographer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Mahaleo'' |director, cinematographer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Making Sometimes in April'' |cinematographer |TV Short documentary |- |2005 |''Le sifflet'' |cinematographer |Short film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Batuque,_the_Soul_of_a_People|Batuque, l'âme d'un peuple]]'' |cinematographer, writer, art director |Documentary |- |2012 |''L'opéra du bout du monde'' |director, producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Songs for Madagascar'' |director, cinematographer |Documentary |- |2018 |''A Long Hot Summer in Palestine'' |writer |Documentary |- |2019 |''Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947'' |cinematographer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ifdp0bwfqj7dog93hg7cfnjw9etxlaf 0 9421 80360 80278 2021-11-15T08:16:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamal Hachkar''' ( yavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1977), ni umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri [[Maroke]] [[Ubufaransa|n'ubufaransa]], akaba n'umuhanga <ref>https://pro.festivalscope.com/director/kamal-hachkar</ref>. Kamal azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filime ''yamamaye cyane Tinghir-Yeruzalemu: The Echoes of mellah'' .<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-muslim-moroccan-director-tries-to-crack-the-mystery-of-jews-who-left-his-homeland-1.9183639</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1977 i Tinghir, muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] mu muryango wa Berber<ref>http://icarusfilms.com/if-jer</ref>. Afite amezi atandatu gusa, yavuye muri [[Maroc]] ari kumwe na nyina yerekeza mu [[Bufaransa]], aho se yakoraga nk'umukozi kuva mu 1968. Icyakora, yagiye asura Tinghir buri gihe mu biruhuko<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/kamal-hachkar/</ref>. Kamal yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mateka yo hagati y’isi y’abayisilamu muri kaminuza ya Sorbonne . Mu 2005, yabaye umwarimu nyuma yo gutanga icyemezo cy'ubuhanga bwo kwigisha amashuri yisumbuye.<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/personnalite/kamal-hachkar/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2013, Kamal yakoze umushinga wa documentaire yambere, ''Tinghir-Yerusalemu: Les Échos du mellah'' <ref>https://telquel.ma/2020/12/18/kamal-hachkar-cest-un-fantasme-de-mes-ennemis-je-ne-pourrai-jamais-e%CC%82tre-un-agent-du-mossad_1705509</ref>.<ref>https://insidearabia.com/tinghir-jerusalem-kamal-hachkar-talks-about-his-film/</ref> Iyi filime yashyizweho mu gihe cyo kurinda [[Abafaransa]] muri [[Maroc]] ivuga ku buzima n’imibereho y’imiryango y’abayisilamu ya Berber n’abayahudi i Tinghir mu bihe bikomeye.<ref>http://africultures.com/php/?nav=personne&no=31199</ref> Nubwo, byari ingingo itavugwaho rumwe muri [[Maroc]], yanenzwe n’abayisilamu. Nyuma, Ishyaka ry'Ubutabera n'Iterambere naryo ryinjiye mu kunegura bavuga ko ari ubutumire bwo guhuza umubano hagati ya [[Isiraheli]]. Icyakora, iyi filime yakiriwe neza ndetse n'ibihembo byinshi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ry’igihugu cya [[Maroc]].<ref>https://festivalfilmeduc.net/en/films/realisation/kamal-hachkar/</ref><ref>https://www.arabiskefilmdager.no/en/film/2021/in-your-eyes-i-see-my-country</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2013 | ''Tinghir-Yeruzalemu: Ijwi rya mellah'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''Mu maso yawe, mbona Igihugu cyanjye'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 5ugth2t67y3cjdfdajbslypvdt26lib 0 9422 80361 80279 2021-11-15T08:38:49Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamid Bénani''' ( yavutse ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 1940), ni [[Maroke|umuyobozi wa firime muri Maroc]]<ref>https://www.archilovers.com/hamid-benani/</ref>, umwanditsi wa sinema akaba n'umukinnyi wa sinema. Umwe mu bahanzi bubahwa cyane muri [[Maroc]], Bénani yakoze filime nyinshi zamamaye cyane nka ''Wechma'', ''La prière des absents'' na ''L'enfant Cheïkh'' . Ni n'umuproducer, umwanditsi n'umwanditsi.<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fa47b44</ref><ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Hamid_B%C3%A9nani</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Ugushyingo 1940 iMeknes, muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] . Yize idini mu ishuri rya Koran. Nyuma, yarangije amashuri yisumbuye muri Poeymirau na Moulay Ismaïl yisumbuye<ref>https://www.lecteurs.com/auteur/hamid-benani/4355502</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1958, Bénani yakiriye imyitozo mu ikinamico n'amahugurwa yo guhanga no kwandika yateguwe na Minisiteri y'Urubyiruko na Siporo<ref>http://www.mapmarrakech.ma/fr/tag/hamid-benani/</ref>. Hanyuma mu 1964, yagiye mu ishami ry’amabaruwa ya Rabat kugira ngo abone uruhushya muri filozofiya<ref>https://www.ccm.ma/fnf13/lenfant.html</ref>. Mu 1965, yatangiye kwiga amafilime muri Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) aho yahawe mu 1967 mu gice cyitwa "Direction, production and management<ref>https://viadeo.journaldunet.com/p/hamid-benani-106469</ref>". Hagati aho, yitabiriye amahugurwa y’ikinamico yabereye i Sorbonne no muri EPHE2 yakozwe nabafilozofe Jacques Derrida,Roland Barthes na Paul Ricœur<ref>https://cmpf.net/comite-des-sages/hamid-benani/</ref> Mu 1968, Bénani yinjiye kuri Televiziyo ya [[Maroc]]. Nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga. Mu 1969,<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/blackcamera.12.2.24</ref> yeguye kuri Société Nationale de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision (RTM). Mu 1970, yashinze isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa yitwa ''Sigma 3'' ku bufatanye na Ahmed Bouanani,Mohamed Abderrahman Tazi na Mohamed Sekkat. Muri uwo mwaka, isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa yakoze firime yambere ya ''Wechma'' <ref>https://archivesbouanani.wordpress.com/filmographie/filmographie-non-exhaustive-dahmed-bouanani/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe muri federasiyo y’amahuriro y’amafirime ya [[Maroc]] (FMCC) kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi ndetse n’ishimwe mu minsi mikuru ya firime, aho iyi filime ifatwa nk’amafilime yashinze ya sinema ya [[Maroc]].<ref>https://www.nonfiction.fr/article-10919-le-grand-roman-du-cinema-marocain.htm</ref> Nubwo iyi filime yakunzwe cyane mu banegura, Bénani yagombaga gutegereza imyaka igera kuri makumyabiri kugira ngo ayobore filime ye ya kabiri yakinnye, ''La prière des absents (Isengesho'' ry'Abadahari), ku ikubitiro yiswe 'Amabanga y'inzira y'amata'<ref>https://cinemamarocain.wordpress.com/2017/04/28/histoire-du-cinema-marocain/</ref>. Iyi filime yakuwe mu gitabo kizwi cyane cyanditswe n'umwanditsi Tahar Ben Jelloun. Mu 2011, yayoboye filime ''L'enfant Cheïkh'' . Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya Tangier kandi ryakiriwe neza n’abari bitabiriye ibirori. Kandi film yatsindiye igihembo kumashusho meza.<ref>http://confluence.nc/ttrg/compte-rendu-d%27un-film-marocain</ref> Usibye icyerekezo, yasohoye igitabo yise "Le dernier chant des insoumises" (Indirimbo ya nyuma y'inyeshyamba) munsi y'ibendera rya Editions du Sirocco. Igitabo cyatsindiye igihembo cya Grand Atlas muri 2019.<ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/cinema/nuits-de-france-culture-du-samedi-27-janvier-au-vendredi-2-fevrier-2018</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1967 |''Les Bonnes'' |Director |- |1967 |''Coeur à Coeur'' (Heart to Heart) |Director |- |1970 |''Wechma'' (Traces) |Director |- |1993 |''La prière des absents'' (The Prayer of the Absent) |Director |- |2012 |''L'enfant Cheïkh'' (The Cheïkh Child) |Director |- |2017 |''La Nuit ardente'' (Burning Night) |Director |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hukz2ammob7gyegiwzfkqmhmt3vgesu 0 9423 80362 80280 2021-11-15T08:42:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''We Could Be Heroes''''' ni film ya siporo ya documentaire yo muri [[Maroke|Maroc yo muri]] 2018 iyobowe na Hind Bensari kandi yakozwe na Habib Attia na Vibeke Vogel kuri Bullitt Films<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/52327_1</ref><ref>https://maroc-diplomatique.net/a-oslo-we-could-be-heroes-distille-une-emotion-a-fleur-de-peau/</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku buzima bwa Azeddine Nouiri, wabaye nyampinga w’imikino Paralympiqu<ref>https://femmesdumaroc.com/actualite/we-could-be-heroes-le-documentaire-emouvant-de-hind-bensari-46543</ref>e, watsinze imbogamizi z’umubiri zatoranijwe mu mikino Paralympike ya Rio 2016 hamwe n’inshuti ye Youssef akiri umwana<ref>http://www.docmonde.org/we-could-be-heroes/</ref>. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 2 Gicurasi 2018 muri Theatre ya Scotiabank <ref>https://fr.hespress.com/29668-casablanca-projection-en-avant-premiere-du-documentaire-we-could-be-heroes-de-hind-bensari.html</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Jury mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Documentaire Hot Docs<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/film/we-could-be-heroes/</ref> . Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye "Igihembo cyiza cya International Documentary Award" mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto. Filime yatsindiye Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Tangier<ref>https://fr.le360.ma/culture/festival-du-film-de-tanger-le-documentaire-we-could-be-heroes-de-bensari-remporte-le-grand-prix-de-185671</ref> <ref>http://www.africine.org/film/lancer-ce-poids-we-could-be-heroes-160615761590-1575160415711576159115751604/19928</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] h48gp0jow93o5p7skzr3x7wb0x5e2eg 0 9424 80363 80281 2021-11-15T08:46:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''475: Break the Silence,''''', (Umutwe wumwimerere: ''475: Trenquem el Silenci'' ) ni Sinema yo muri Maroc yo muri 2013 yerekana filime ngufi iyobowe na Hind Bensari <ref>https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/475-break-the-silence</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku buzima bwa Amina Fillali, umukobwa w’imyaka 16 ukomoka mu mujyi muto muri [[Maroc]]<ref>https://burnsfilmcenter.org/booking/475-break-the-silence/</ref>. Yiyahuye afata uburozi bwimbeba amaze gushyingiranwa numugabo wamusambanyije.<ref>https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Zainab-Salbis-475-Break-The-Silence-PCKFC4TBTWB</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu mu 2014<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film860680.html</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.duhoctrungquoc.vn/wiki/ha/475:_Break_the_Silence</ref>. Yagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo muri [[Maroc]] gushyiraho itegeko rishya ryemerera abagabo baregwa gufata ku ngufu gushyingiranwa n’abo bahohotewe<ref>https://theweereview.com/review/475-break-the-silence/</ref>. Iyi filime yamamaye cyane mu kinyamakuru New York Times no mu muyoboro wa ARD wo mu [[Budage]] ndetse no kuri interineti.<ref>https://www.mostrafilmsdones.cat/475-break-the-silence/</ref> yemeje kandi abayireba kuri TV 2M muri [[Maroc]] kandi isakaza mu bindi bihugu birimo [[Danimarike|Danemark]], [[Porutugali]], [[Kanada]] kandi igurishwa ku miyoboro irenga 20 ku isi.<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/hind-bensari/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 2ndfbx6ptuqk333586wtq74xr5qhu3b 0 9425 80364 80282 2021-11-15T09:00:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hind Bensari''' ( yavutse 1987), ni umukinnyi wa firime wa [[Maroke|Maroc]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9632189/</ref> . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wakoze firime ya documentaire yamamaye cyane: ''475: Break the Silence'' na ''We Could Be Heroes''<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/hind-bensari/</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1987 i Casablanca, muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] . Icyakora akiri muto cyane, yimukiye i Londres.<ref>https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/hind_bensari</ref> Bensari yahawe impamyabumenyi mu by'ubukungu no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati yakuye muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2018-women-directors-meet-hind-bensari-we-could-be-heroes-c09906f8505e/</ref>. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi mu bukungu mpuzamahanga bwa politiki yakuye mu ishuri ry’ubukungu n’ubumenyi bwa politiki i Londres . <ref>https://femmesdumaroc.com/portrait/hind-bensari-lautodidacte-engagee-48352</ref>Yashakanye n'umucuruzi wo muri [[Danemarke]], ubu akaba atuye muri [[Danimarike]].<ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/we-could-be-heroes</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2014, yagarutse muri [[Maroc]] kugirango akore filime ngufi ya documentaire ya mbere yari ''475: Break the Silence'' <ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/we-could-be-heroes</ref>. Yagize uruhare mu myigaragambyo muri [[Maroc]] kugira ngo ishobore gukuraho itegeko rishya ryemerera abagabo baregwa gufata ku ngufu gushyingiranwa n’abo bahohotewe.<ref>https://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/hind-bensari/</ref> Iyi filime yamamaye cyane mu kinyamakuru New York Times no mu muyoboro wa ARD wo mu Budage ndetse no kuri interineti<ref>https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/05/246273/moroccan-filmmaker-hind-bensari-wins-documentary-award-in-canada</ref>. yemejeje kandi abayireba kuri TV 2M muri [[Maroc]] kandi isakaza mu bindi bihugu birimo [[Danimarike|Danemark]], [[Porutugali]], [[Kanada]] kandi igurishwa ku miyoboro irenga 20 ku isi. Ni n'umuvugizi wa TEDx<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/52327_1</ref><ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2018-women-directors-meet-hind-bensari-we-could-be-heroes-c09906f8505e/</ref>. Ku ya 2 Gicurasi 2018, yasohoye filime ''We Could Be Heroes'' yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2018 Hot Docs yo muri [[Kanada]] Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime<ref>https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/05/246273/moroccan-filmmaker-hind-bensari-wins-documentary-award-in-canada</ref>. Iyi filime ishingiye ku nkuru y’inshuti ebyiri zamugaye, Azzedine na Youssef, barota kuva muri gereza bakazitabira imikino Paralympique ya Rio.<ref>https://africa.film/we-could-be-heroes-a-hind-bensari-documentary/</ref> Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Jury mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Documentaire Hot Docs . Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye igihembo cyitwa "Best International Documentary Award" mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Toronto, ibaye umukinnyi wa mbere wa Afurika wakiriye igihembo. Hanyuma film yatsindiye Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Tangier .<ref>https://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/moroccan-filmmaker-hind-bensari-wins-best-international-documentary-award-in-canada-22010</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2014 |''[[:en:475:_Break_the_Silence|475: Break the Silence]]'' |Director |documentary short film |- |2018 |''[[:en:We_Could_Be_Heroes|We Could Be Heroes]]'' |Director |documentary film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hvv3j38m2yfcknh1yxfrgsh4sj573yd 0 9426 80365 80283 2021-11-15T09:05:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sam Uche Anyamele''', ni umukinnyi wa sinema yo muri [[Nigeriya]]<ref>https://www.tmznaija.com/2021/01/sam-uche-anyamele-actor-and-former.html?m=1</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Anyamele yavukiye Isolo, muri Lagos nk'imfura mu muryango hamwe na barumuna batandatu: abahungu batatu n'abakobwa batatu.<ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/76-behind-the-scene/7840-i-m-not-as-bad-as-people-think-sam-uche-anyamele</ref> Yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Faronbi Isolo (1988 kugeza 1993) no mu gace ka Ukwa k'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze muri Leta ya Abia nyuma aza kwiga mu ishuri ry'ikibonezamvugo rya Isolo (1993 kugeza 1999)<ref>https://irokotv.com/actors/1291/sam-uche-anyamele</ref>. Yarangije icyiciro cya mbere mu burezi bw’ubucuruzi mu 2007 n’iyamamaza n’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu kuzamura imiyoborere muri 2009 muri kaminuza ya Lagos<ref>https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/its-osarhieme-for-actor-sam-uche-anyamele/</ref> . Yashakanye n'umukunzi umaze igihe, Osarhieme Edokpolor, aho ubukwe bwizihije ahitwa Off Ugbor Village Road muri GRA<ref>https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/its-osarhieme-for-actor-sam-uche-anyamele/</ref> . == Umwuga == Yakundaga gucuranga ibikoresho bya muzika mu Itorero ry'Inteko y'Imana. Mu 2004, yagaragaye kuri tereviziyo ya mbere hamwe ninkuru ya Wale Adenuga '', No pain No Gain''<ref>https://allnews.ng/tag/sam-uche-anyamele</ref>''.'' . Mu mwaka wa 2006, yatsindiye igihembo cya Afurika Movie Academy Academy (AMAA) ku bakinnyi bafite ibyiringiro byinshi kubera uruhare mu ''munsi w’impongano'' .<ref>https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2687928/sam-uche-anyamele-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people</ref> Yakoze kandi nk'umunyamabanga mukuru w'ishyirahamwe ry'igihugu ry'abakora umwuga wo gukina ibihangano bya [[Nigeriya]]. Muri 2019, Anyamele yagizwe ambasaderi w’ikirango cya Max Garden Estate<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/2010512-sam-uche-anyamele</ref>. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yatangajwe ko yakiriye Mykmary Fashion Show yabaye ku ya 31 Kanama 2019<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/actor-sam-uche-to-host-mykmary-fashion-show-2019/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''No pain No Gain'' |Actor: Richard |TV film |- |2005 |''Unforeseen 2'' |Actor |Video film |- |2005 |''Unforeseen'' |Actor |Video film |- |2005 |''Songs of Sorrow 2'' |Actor: Dave |Video film |- |2005 |''[[:en:Songs_of_Sorrow|Songs of Sorrow]]'' |Actor: Dave |Feature film |- |2005 |''Day of Atonement'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Without Apology 2'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Without Apology'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Occultic Wedding 3'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Occultic Wedding 2'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Occultic Wedding 3'' |Actor |Video film |- |2006 |''Bafana Bafana 2'' |Actor: Hammed |Video film |- |2006 |''Bafana Bafana'' |Actor: Hammed |Video film |- |2014 |''Umbara Point'' |Actor: Kato |TV film |- |2018 |''Children's Day'' |Actor |Video film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 2s6r9zg75bv8pdhd30olamsuxuy1v1m 0 9427 80366 80284 2021-11-15T09:10:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ifeanyi OnyeaboIfeanyi Onyeabo''' (1971–2019), yari umukinnyi wa firime [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri [[Nigeriya]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00067441.html?utm_campaign=allafrica%3Aeditor&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&utm_content=promote%3Agroup%3Aablfpu</ref>.<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/326201-nollywood-director-ifeanyi-onyeabor-is-dead.html</ref> Azwi cyane muri firime''My Mother’s Heart ,5 Apostles'', ''Darkest Knight'' and ''One Good Turn''<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ifeanyi-onyeabor/</ref>. Afatanije na mugenzi we Steve James, yashinze isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa, SIC Entertainment Production Nigeria Limited. Yahawe igihembo muri African Film Academy Award (AMAA) kubera filime ye ''New Jerusalem'' <ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ifeanyi-onyeabor/credits/3030694744/</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/lights-out-on-nollywoods-prolific-director-big-slim-ifeanyi-onyeabor/</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2014, Onyeabor yongeye gufungirwa muri Kirikiri Maximum Prisons n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Lagos rwicaye i Ikeja kubera uburiganya bivugwa ko miliyoni 8.8. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza<ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/91-directors-producers-report/11951-nollywood-director-ifeanyi-onyeabor-s-enjoying-life-at-kirikiri</ref>, yakusanyije miliyoni 88.8 zose hamwe na Steve-James mu Kuboza 2008, agamije gukora firime ebyiri; ''Young Amazone'' and ''Tribes''<ref>https://franklin.library.upenn.edu/catalog/FRANKLIN_9946364323503681</ref>''.''<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/music/tribes-producers-end-rift-as-film-soars/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1999 |''Visitor'' |Director |Video film |- |2001 |''On Holiday'' |Director |Video film |- |2002 |''Kukan kurcia'' |Director |Video film |- |2003 |''The Silent Book 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2003 |''The Silent Book'' |Director |Video film |- |2004 |''Scout'' |Director |Video film |- |2004 |''Pretty Woman'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''One Good Turn 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Never End 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Never End 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''My Mother's Heart 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''My Mother's Heart 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Holy Diamond'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Darkest Night 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Darkest Night 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Baby Guards 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2005 |''Baby Guards'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Best of the Game'' |Director |Video film |- |2006 |''Aguba Igogoro'' |Director |Video film |- |2008 |''Lumba Boys 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2008 |''Lumba Boys'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Peace Mission'' |Actor: Himself |Documentary |- |2009 |''Apostles 3'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Apostles 2'' |Director |Video film |- |2009 |''Apostles'' |Director |Video film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 0ra6ccqqiiwwif1sqkwlua1lmb2x7jr 0 9428 80367 80285 2021-11-15T09:17:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aïcha Macky''' (8 Mutarama 1982), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Nigeri|Nigeriya]] ndetse na sociologue . Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa documentaire''[[:en:The_Fruitless_Tree|The Fruitless Tree]]''.<ref>http://www.andanafilms.com/catalogueFiche.php?idFiche=1289&req3=Aicha%20Macky</ref><ref>https://www.institutfrancais.com/en/work/the-fruitless-tree-arbre-sans-fruit-by-aicha-macky</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Mutarama 1982. Igihe yari afite imyaka itanu, nyina yapfuye amaze kubyara<ref>https://www.institutfrancais.com/en/portrait/aicha-macky</ref>. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Master I muri Audiovisual and Creative Documentary muri Institut de Formation aux Techniques de l'Information et de la Communication (Training Institute for Information and Communication Technologies: IFTIC) muri [[Nigeriya]] nyuma arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya Master II muri Sociology no muri Gukora Film documentaire muri Kaminuza ya Gaston Berger muri [[Senegali|Sénégal]] muri 2013.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/aicha-macky/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2011, Macky yerekanye bwa mbere bugufi ''Moi et ma maigreur'' yari yerekeranye n'imyumvire yoroheje y'abatuye [[Nigeriya]]<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=35192</ref>. Amaze gutsinda bwa mbere, yakoze bwa kabiri bugufi bwa ''Savoir faire le lit'', butera kwibaza ku makimbirane hagati y'ababyeyi n'abakobwa bo muri [[Nigeriya]] ku bijyanye n'uburere bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakoze filime ye ya mbere yerekana filime ''L'Arbre sans imbuto'' yibanze ku rugamba rw’umugore ufite ubugumba, guhuza ubuzima bwe<ref>http://news.aniamey.com/h/107030.html</ref>. Iyi filime yarashimiwe kandi yegukana ibihembo birenga 50 mu birori ku isi. Nyuma yaje kugurwa mbere numuyoboro wa NHK wu [[Buyapani]]<ref>https://www.lesahel.org/aicha-macky-laureate-au-fespaco-2021-avec-son-film-zinder-au-nom-de-letat-le-president-de-la-republique-a-pris-lengagement-de-mettre-un-milliard-de-francs-cfa-dans-le-cinema/</ref>. Muri Kamena 2016, filime yatsindiye igihembo cya documentaire muri Afrika Movie Academy Awards (AMAA).<ref>https://www.actuniger.com/culture/17485-cinema-le-documentaire-zinder-d-aicha-macky-en-selection-officielle-de-la-27e-edition-du-fespaco.html</ref> Usibye gukora firime, ni n'umwarimu w'abarimu muri sinema igendanwa<ref>https://cinemasdafrique.asso.fr/realisateurs/aicha-macky/</ref>. Ayobora abakiri bato kuzamura ireme muri firime ngufi zivuga ku makimbirane nyayo mu bihugu bihana imbibi nka [[Nijeriya]], [[Libiya]], [[Kameruni]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina]] Faso na [[Mali]]. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Alumni of Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI)<ref>https://www.fnac.com/ia4151248/Aicha-Macky</ref>, iyi ikaba ari gahunda y'Abanyamerika yatangijwe n'uwahoze ari perezida [[Barack Obama]] . Nyuma yaje guhabwa izina rya Ordre des Arts et des Lettres na minisitiri w’umuco wa Repubulika [[Ubufaransa|y’Ubufaransa]] kubera ubwitange yagize mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage ba [[Nigeriya]] na sinema<ref>https://africasacountry.com/author/aicha-macky</ref>. Macky yazamuwe mu ntera ya Knight of Academic Palms yo muri Repubulika ya [[Nigeriya]] hanyuma Knight of Arts. Yakoze kandi nka Ambasaderi-wagenwe na Oasis Niger incubator center ishinzwe kongerera ubushobozi abagore n’abakobwa. Hagati aho, ni umwe mu bagize komite mpuzamahanga ishinzwe umurage wa sinema nyafurika (CPCA)<ref>https://viedestar.com/aicha-elhadj-macky-fruit-de-larbre-africain-des-cineastes/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2011 |''Moi et ma maigreur'' (Me and My Yhinness) |Director |Short film |- |2013 |''Savoir faire le lit'' (Know How To Make The Bed) |Director |Short film |- |2016 |''L'Arbre sans fruit'' ([[:en:The_Fruitless_Tree|The Fruitless Tree]]) |Director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] e14qgh1ymv5ppj9fdgu0n24m97ki7d8 0 9429 80368 80286 2021-11-15T09:25:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Akounak Tedalat Taha Tazoughai''''', ni filime yumuziki yo muri [[Nigeriya]] ya 2015 iyobowe na Christopher Kirkley yakozwe na Sahel Sounds<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/event/films-on-the-green-akounak-tedalat-taha-tazoughai/</ref>, L'Improbable na Tenere Films. Niyo filime yambere yisi ya Tuareg -ururimi rwimpimbano<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4675526/</ref>. Filime ishingiye kubintu byabayeho mubuzima bwa Mdou Moctar <ref>https://frenchculture.org/events/13394-virtual-cinemaakounak-tedalat-taha-tazoughai</ref>. Filime yafatiwe ahitwa Agadez, muri [[Nijeriya]].<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/02/purple-rain-in-the-saharan-desert/385234/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.soundohm.com/product/akounak-tedalat-taha-tazo</ref>. Nibyunvikiro byikinamico ya Prince yo mu ''1984 Imvura yumutuku''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4675526/</ref> . == Abakinnyi == * Mdou Moctar nka himself * Kader Tanoutanoute nka Kader * Fatimata Falo nka Mama * Rhaicha Ibrahim nka Rhaicha * Ahmoudou Madassane nka Ahmoudou * Abdoulaye Souleymane nka Data == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 983gud7n96br9rardt7ezyjajgnqdr3 0 9430 80369 80287 2021-11-15T09:31:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''100 Bucks''''' ni filime ngufi ya Namibiya 2012 iyobowe na Oshosheni Hiveluah hamwe na yakozwe na Cecil Moller na Mutaleni Nadimi<ref>https://www.movieranker.com/talent/2QVJGMD2JwKbZ2P/Cecil-Moller</ref>. Filime yibanze ku nkuru yimijyi kumadolari 100 ya Namibiya -Note iva mumaboko yubutunzi ikajya mumaboko yabatishoboye kandi binyuze mumaboko yibye<ref>https://www.movieranker.com/talent/2QVJGMD2JwKbZ2P/Cecil-Moller/movies</ref>.<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Baxu_and_the_Giants</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Audience Choice muri 2012 [[Namibia]] Film na Theatre Awards<ref>https://www.africavenir.org/projects/projects-namibia/namibian-movie-collection.html</ref>.<ref>http://edwardbetts.com/find_link/Cecil_Moller</ref> Mu 2011, Oshosheni yakiriye Focus Features [[Afurika]] mbere gahunda Prize ''100 bucks.'' ''[100'' 100 yatsindiye kandi igihembo cya Namibian Theatre 2012 na Film Audience Choice.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201207201145.html</ref> ''Amafaranga 100'' yerekanwe i Londres n’umuryango udaharanira inyungu AfricAvenir Windhoek ndetse no muri New York mu 2012 mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Diaspora<ref>https://suggap.com/movie/ZTM3YTdmZG/100-bucks</ref><ref>https://isecosmetic.com/wiki/100_Bucks</ref> == Umugambi == == Abakinnyi == * Steven Afrikaner nka Tsotsi 2 * Sylvanie Beukes nka Dantagob * Girley Jazama nka Maria * Perivi Katjavivi nka Nolan * Victor Mtambanengwe nka Elvis * David Ndjavera nkumushoferi wa tagisi * Lynn Strydom nka Tameka * Tanya Terblanche nka Reyna * Ripuree Tjitendero nka Lia * Onesmus Uupindi nka Tsotsi 1 == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] d2voomd5v11m3ezb1z5499h702ygejx 0 9431 80370 80288 2021-11-15T09:39:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Tjitji: Umukobwa wa Himba''''', ni filime ngufi ya Namibiya yasohotsemuri 2015 iyobowe na Oshosheni Hiveluahkandi yakozwe na Virginia Witts<ref>https://www.baslerafrika.ch/projects/hiveluah-oshosheni/</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku buzima bwa Tjijandjeua 'Tjitji', umunyeshuri ukiri muto, watsinze kandi wifuza cyane Himba ufite inzozi z’ibanga zo kuzaba icyamamare 'Talk Show Host'. Iyi filime yamenyekanye kubera guca imyumvire ku bagore.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201511181238.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201410270508.html</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.psp-culture.com/culture/immersed-in-the-art-of-film-making/</ref>. Iyi filime yari ifite nomination mu byiciro Umuyobozi mwiza, Amashusho yumwimerere meza, amanota meza yumuziki wumwimerere, Cinematografi nziza, na Filime Nziza Nziza muri [[Namibian]] Theatre na Film Awards 2014 yabereye muri Theatre yigihugu ya Namibiya (NTN)<ref>https://www.namibian.com.na/print.php?id=129955&type=2</ref><ref>https://nfc.na/namibian/</ref>. Nyuma, yatsindiye ibihembo bya cinematografi na firime yerekana inkuru muri Namibian Theatre na Film Awards muri 2014.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201410270508.html</ref> Yakiriwe neza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Bangalore ryabereye i Bangalore, mu Buhinde mu 2015. ''Tjitji Umukobwa wa Himba na we'' yari filime ngufi ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Afurika muri 2015.<ref>https://www.africavenir.org/fr/details-evenement/cal/event/detail/2015/12/05/inspiring_young_imaginations_screening_tjitji/view-list%7Cpage_id-765%7Coffset-4.html?tx_cal_controller%255Bcategory%255D=10&cHash=b2978b38d01f34fa5450926539d7e132</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Uno Kamoruao nka Tjitji * Maoongo Hembinda nka Se wa Tjitji * Tuakara Mutambo nka Nyina wa Tjitji * Naimbona Licius nka Tamuna (Tamu) * Ester Kakoi nka Verihiva * Ngunotje Raphael nka Lesedi * Kauna Willem nka Bolingo * Kehitire Daniel nka Muasahepi * Utakara Ndando nka Se wa Muasahepi == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tp60ndnihfcrviqhn8eb8g8uc6mwfl8 0 9432 80371 80289 2021-11-15T09:43:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ndabaramukije!''''', ni Sinema ya Namibiya yasohotse muri 2017 iyobowe na Philippe Talavera kandi yakozwe nka firime ya Ombetja Yehinga (OYO)<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/salute-2019-1/</ref>. Irimo Adriano Visagie, Odile Muller, David Ndjavera mu nshingano zabo hamwe na Monray Garoëb<ref>https://namibinsider.wordpress.com/2018/08/08/salute-nominated-for-amvca-8-questions-with-director-philippe-talavera/</ref> . Iyi filime yibanze ku buzima bwa Carlito 'Kado', wakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka itatu kubera uburiganya, asiga umukobwa w’umukobwa utwite kugira ngo yirwaneho ku isi.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15056864/</ref><ref>https://www.ombetja.org/news/salute</ref> Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu Kwakira 2017 mu nzu yububiko. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://www.rapidlion.co.za/film2021-1/philippe-talavera</ref> Ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 2019 muri Canal Olympia Ouaga 2000, i Ouagadougou, [[Burukina Faso|Burkina]] Faso, umukinnyi wa mbere Adriano Visagie yatsindiye igihembo cya Sotigui nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://www.paff.org/films/kapana/</ref>. Yatowe kandi nka filime nziza muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo muri 2018 Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards (AMVCA) ndetse no gutoranywa muri sida 2018 i Amsterdam<ref>https://neweralive.na/en/posts/amsterdam-beckons-salute</ref>.<ref>https://economist.com.na/35522/after-hours/locally-produced-film-to-get-international-exposure-at-aids-conference-in-amsterdam/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Adriano Visagie nka Carlito 'Kado' * Odile Muller Gertze * David Ndjavera * Monray Garoëb * Dawie Engelbrecht * Desmond Kamericka * Sakanombo Kasoma * Yeremiya Yeremiya * Dennis! Kharuchab * Bruno Caldeira == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] l8m24jtp96hs2hbi1f73cegos7u9z7b 0 9433 80372 80290 2021-11-15T09:47:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Krischka Stoffels''', ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Namibiya]] <ref>https://www.stage32.com/profile/374788/about</ref>. Krischka yakoze firime nyinshi zizwi cyane harimo ''Gesie muri die glas'' na ''Tjiraa'' <ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Krischka_Stoffels</ref>. Usibye icyerekezo, ni na producer, umwanditsi, cinematografi akaba n'umwanditsi.<ref>https://www.africavenir.org/nc/news-details/article/women-in-namibian-film-three-short-films-by-female-directors-from-namibia-14-may-18h30-fnc.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == She was born in Windhoek, Namibia<ref>https://confidentenamibia.com/tributes-pour-in-for-film-icon-ndjavera/</ref>. == Career == Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoze filimi ngufi, ''Gesie muri die glas'', yatsindiye igihembo kidasanzwe cyo kuvuga muri [[Namibiya|Namibian]] Film and Theatre Awards<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202106220706.html</ref>. ''Nitsinzi'', yakoze Tjiraa ye filimi ya kabiri ngufi. Iyi filime ikurikira Vezuva, umukobwa ukiri muto wa Ovaherero wagarutse avuye kwiga mu mahanga, mu [[Budage]], gusa yaje kubona ko mubyara we washatse yitabye Imana, kandi ko nk'uko bisanzwe, biteganijwe ko azashyingira umupfakazi wa mubyara we.<ref>https://www.thefreelibrary.com/BEST+NAMIBIAN+FILM+AND+THEATRE+PRODUCTIONS+AWARDED.-a0655229940</ref> Iyi filime yatewe inkunga na komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime ya [[Namibiya]] kandi yatoranijwe kugira ngo yerekanwe mu birori mpuzamahanga bya filime, harimo iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya Afurika Diaspora<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200905111114.html</ref> .<ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2010/10/27/film/namibian-film-awards/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''Climbing Kilimanjaro'' |Editor |Documentary |- |2007 |''Desert Soul'' |Editor |TV Series |- |2008 |''The Shop'' |Editor |Short film |- |2010 |''Gesie in die glas'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer, editor |Short film |- |2012 |''[[:en:Tjiraa|Tjiraa]]'' |Director |Short film |- |2014 |''Coming Home'' |Co-writer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] gp6zqxmocr8kowubav7po2uaczycj4c 0 9434 80373 80291 2021-11-15T11:02:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Perivi John Katjavivi''', ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Ubwongereza|w'Abongereza]] na [[namibiya]]<ref>https://africasacountry.com/author/perivi-john-katjavivi</ref> . Yakinnye filime nyinshi harimo ''Eembwiti,'' unseen na ''Film Festival Film.'' Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni numuproducer, umwanditsi, ukora kamera, umukinnyi, cinematografi akaba n'umwanditsi.<ref>https://maishafilmlab.org/maisha-mentor/perivi-katjavivi/</ref><ref>https://www.kweli.tv/authors/perivi-john-katjavivi?locale=en</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Katjavivi yavukiye Oxford mu Bwongereza kandi afite barumuna be batanu. Se Peter Katjavivi ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate wa [[Namibiya]]<ref>https://variety.com/2016/film/global/joburg-namibian-director-perivi-katjavivi-on-his-elegiac-drama-the-unseen-1201906893/</ref>, currently umuvugizi w'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Namibiya, nyina ni [[Umwongereza]] Jane Katjavivi.<ref>https://www.f6s.com/perivikatjavivi</ref><ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/namibian-film-the-unseen-perivi-john-katjavivi/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2016, Katjavivi yakoze filime ye yambere ''The Unseen''<ref>https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/resources/we-are-tano-2/event/493/</ref> . Iyi filime yerekanwe mu birori byinshi bya firime harimo na Busan, mu marushanwa yabereye i Durban<ref>https://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/people/perivi-katjavivi</ref>. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime Nziza muri Innsbruck no muri [[Otirishiya]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201601130841.html</ref>. Muri 2019, yakoze ''Filime ngufi ya Film Festival'', afatanya na Mpumelelo Mcata. Filime ifite Premiere yisi kuri 69 ya Berlinale muri Gashyantare 2019<ref>https://www.africavenir.org/fr/details-evenement/cal/event/detail/2016/02/27/african_premiere_the_unseen_by_perivi_katjavivi/view-list%7Cpage_id-765%7Coffset-15.html</ref>. Usibye sinema, yanditse kandi byinshi kuri ''Windhoek Indorerezi'', ''Afurika ni Igihugu'' na ''OkayAfrica'' .<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/cinema-africa-perivi-katjavivi-the-unseen/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''The Shop'' |Director |Short film |- |2009 |''Love Is...'' |Director, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Eembwiti'' |Director |Short film |- |2012 |''100 Bucks'' |Actor: Nolan |Short film |- |2012 |''My Beautiful Nightmare'' |Director, writer, producer, camera operator, cinematographer, editor |Short film |- |2016 |''Uushimba (City-Life)'' |Writer |Short film |- |2016 |''The Unseen'' |Director, writer, producer |Feature film |- |2018 |''Emoyeni: Nsanguluko'' |Director |TV Mini-Series |- |2019 |''Film Festival Film'' |Director, producer, camera operator, additional editor |Feature film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] mnvefw0jppjowa3uc03ge4yh6jeyfgv 0 9435 80374 80292 2021-11-15T11:08:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mabata Bata''''', ni filime yerekana ikinamico ya [[Mozambike]] yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Sol de Carvalho ikaba yarayikoranye hamwe na Rodrigo Areias na Ricardo Freitas kuri Bando à parte Promarte Films<ref>https://mubi.com/films/mabata-bata</ref>. Filime yakuwe mu nkuru ngufi “The Day Mabata Bata Exploded” yanditswe n'umwanditsi wa [[Mozambike]] Mia Couto<ref>http://africultures.com/films?no=19956</ref>. Filime isobanura ubuzima bwa Azariya, umwungeri ukiri muto wimfubyi wita ku bushyo bwinka<ref>https://www.caribbeancreativity.nl/product/mabata-bata/</ref>. Nubwo arota kujya mwishuri, nyuma aherekejwe na Mabata Bata, impfizi nini yubushyo kugirango akomeze ubuzima bwe<ref>https://www.cinemazed.be/en/node/4705</ref><ref>https://www.degruyter.com/database/IABO/entry/iab201520150788/html</ref>. Amashusho ya firime ya TV yasohotse ku ya 30 Mata 2017 muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na 1 Gicurasi 2017 muri [[Burezile|Berezile]]. Ku ya 30 Mutarama 2019<ref>https://supamodu.com/2019/africa/sol-de-carvalho-mabata-bata-2018/</ref>, iyi filime yasohotse mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi Rotterdam mu [[Buholandi]]<ref>https://www.everymancinema.com/film-info/mabata-bata</ref>. Filime yafatiwe hirya no hino muri Chibuto, Gaza na [[Mozambike|Mozambique]]<ref>https://cinemasdafrique.asso.fr/films/mabata-bata/</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Emílio Bila nka Azariya * Filomena Remigio nka Carolina * Esperança Naiene nka Irondina * Medianeira Massingue nka Lúcia * Mário Mabjaia nka Espírito * Horácio Guiamba nka Raul * Wilton Boene nka José * Shcozo Ichiyama == reference == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jehm4ut8dcdx7nuev4mh3npl3cu9add 0 9436 80375 80293 2021-11-15T11:26:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shyaka Kagamé''' (yavutse 1983), ni umunya[[Rwanda]] uba muri [[Ubusuwisi|Swiss]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Bounty'' ishimwa cyane<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/auteurs/s-kagame/</ref><ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/A0D95F5AFCF14B5C8EF46AEF5928AB9F</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1983 i Geneve mu [[Busuwisi]] ku babyeyi b'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/fr/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/A0D95F5AFCF14B5C8EF46AEF5928AB9F</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yo kwinjira muri sinema, yize siyanse ya politiki. Mu 2009, Kagamé yatangiye umwuga we wa filime nk'umuyobozi wungirije hamwe n’umukinnyi wa firime wa Geneve Frédéric Baillif<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4433963/</ref>. Muri Kamena 2017, Kagamé yerekanye bwa mbere ''Bounty''<ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/shyaka-kagame/</ref> . Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori byinshi bya firime. Inyandiko irihariye kubera nta majwi arenga, kubazwa cyangwa isura ya kamera. Filime ivuga kubibazo bijyanye numwirondoro wabirabura babasuwisi.<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51190_1</ref><ref>https://www.toulouse.fr/documents/106827/10951271/Biographie_Shyaka_Kagame/35aad3c0-2855-46e3-930a-4b9e1dad8332</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2011 |''Believers: Who's Back?'' |Assistant Director |Documentary |- |2017 |''[[:en:Bounty_(2017_short_film)|Bounty]]'' |Director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 0pg0n7cc09sp2grhrdo1r3icwf82s47 0 9437 80376 80294 2021-11-15T11:38:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sébastien Kamba''' (wavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1941), niUmukinnyi wa firime [[Kongo|muri Kongo]]<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/s%C3%A9bastien-kamba</ref> . Umwe mu bakora amafilime yambere mu nganda za firime zo muri [[congo]], yayoboye filime ngufi ku bufatanye n’abakora amafilime y’Abafaransa<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/sebastien-kamba</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1941 i Brazzaville, muri [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]]<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/search?q_text=S%C3%A9bastien%20Kamba</ref> . == Umwuga == Yimukiye mu [[Bufaransa]], yiga mu biro bishinzwe ubufatanye bwa Radiofonique<ref>https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/livre-production_cinematographique_et_parti_unique_l_exemple_du_congo_sebastien_kamba-9782738412584-2558.html</ref> . Nyuma yaje kwimenyereza umwuga kuri tereviziyo i Paris ndetse anaba umwarimu<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no92026173</ref>. Mu 1964, Kamba yakoze filime yambere yimpimbano ya [[Congo Brazzaville|congo]], film ngufi ya politiki ''Le Peuple du Congo-Léo vaincra'' <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/sebastien-kamba</ref>. Yakozwe ku bufatanye n’itangazamakuru rya tereviziyo.<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sebastien-kamba/credits/3030431460/</ref> Mu 1966, yakoze ''Kaka yo nayo ngufi'' hanyuma ''Mwana keba'' muri 1970.<ref>https://www.torinofilmfest.org/en/16-torino-film-festival/film/kaka-yo---rien-que-toi/1311/</ref> Mu 1973, Kamba yayoboye filime ya mbere yagaragaye muri Repubulika ya [[Kongo]]: ''Al Rançon d'une alliance''<ref>https://www.decitre.fr/auteur/418922/Sebastien+Kamba</ref>, yakuwe mu gitabo cyitwa 'La légende de Mfoumou Ma Mazono' cyanditswe na Jean Malonga.<ref>https://www.centreculturelzola.com/comit%C3%A9-artistique/sebastien-kamba</ref> Mu 1992, yasohoye igitabo ''Cinématographique et Parti Unique'' (Cinematographic Production and Unique Party. Urugero rwa Kongo).<ref>https://mediatheques-congo.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=8021</ref> Ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2019, i Brazzaville habereye igikombe cya mbere cy’ibikombe bya sinema muri [[Congo]] cyiswe "Les Kamba's Awards" mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Kamba.<ref>https://mediatheques-niger.org/index.php?lvl=author_see&id=80931</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1964 |''Le Peuple du Congo-Léo vaincra'' (The People of Congo-Léo will win) |Director |Short film |- |1966 |''Kaka Yo'' (Nothing But You) |Director, cinematographer, screenwriter |Short film |- |1970 |''Mwana Keba'' |Director |Short film |- |1970 |''Festival panafricain d'Alger'' (Panafrican Festival of Algiers) |Director |Documentary |- |1974 |''[[:en:La_Rançon_d'une_alliance|La Rançon d'une alliance]]'' (The Ransom of an Alliance) |Director |Feature film |- |1977 |''Le corps et l'esprit''(The Body and The Spirit) |Director |Film |- |1985 |''Cop's Honour'' |Administrative assistant |Film |} ==  references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 8p4s1piq99txd1cyc6hgidwjdoujauq 0 9438 82454 82438 2022-04-09T01:53:45Z Johannnes89 9059 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Lohadak756|Lohadak756]] ([[User talk:Lohadak756|talk]]): Crosswiki spam (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imoh Umoren''' (wavutse ku ya 13 Kanama 1982), ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri [[Nigeriya]] ukora cyane cyane firime zo mu Buhinde<ref>https://independent.ng/filmmaker-imoh-umoren-recounts-close-shave-with-covid-19/</ref> . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film ya 2017 ''Abana b'ibyondo'' . Umoren afatwa nkumukinnyi wa mbere wakoze firime wicecekeye wumukara numweru mubikorwa bya firime ya Nollywood.<ref>https://www.kweli.tv/authors/imoh-umoren?locale=en</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Kanama 1982 muri [[Nijeriya]]. Se yari umunyapolitiki naho nyina yari umwarimu wa kaminuza.<ref>https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/how-nollywood-filmmakers-are-coping-with-the-pandemic/</ref> Umoren avuga ko nyina yagize uruhare mu mwuga we wo gukina filime. Ababyeyi be bombi bapfuye akiri ingimbi, kandi yarezwe na bene wabo kugeza ubwo yikubise wenyine afite imyaka 16<ref>https://motherhoodinstyle.net/tag/imoh-umoren/</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 9, Umoren yatangiye kwandika urukurikirane rusekeje rwitwa ''The Wickeds'' hamwe ninshuti ye magara Richie<ref>https://www.gistlover.com/imoh-umoren-reveals-how-someone-stole-his-idea-for-a-movie-and-invited-him-to-the-premiere/</ref>. Yinjiye nka producer muto muri 'Common Ground Production' kandi akora kumurongo mpuzamahanga witwa ''The Station'' <ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/my-life-aint-pretty-but-my-lady-is-imoh-umoren-laud-praises-on-wife/</ref>. Nyuma, yinjiye mubikorwa bya TV bya francise nka ''Project Fame'', ''MTV yo kuburira mbere'', ''Ntuzibagirwe Amagambo'' ''n'imbyino za Street Guinness''<ref>https://www.lekismedia.com.ng/imoh-umoren-biography-and-net-worth/</ref> . Afite imyaka 26, yakoze filime ye ya mbere yerekana ''Lemon Green'' Filime yamenyekanye cyane. Hanyuma muri 2010, yayoboye film ngufi ''All Sorts Of Trouble'' . Muri 2013, filime ye ya TV Yagize ''Umunsi'' mwiza yatowe nka Cinematografi nziza.<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/1021048-imoh-umoren</ref> Muri 2015 yayoboye firime black and white silent movie ''Hard Times'', imutsindira AMVCA yambere. Kuri filime ye y’ibyago ''The Happyness Limited'', umukinnyi wa mbere Tope Tedela yatowe nkumukinnyi mwiza muri [[Afurika]] muri Afrika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards (AMVCA)<ref>https://www.nairagent.com/tag/imoh-umoren/</ref>. Umoren yaje kwandika no kuyobora film yamamaye cyane''Children of Mud'' ishingiye ku nkuru ifatika<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/mcm-filmmaker-imoh-umoren-is-our-man-crush-this-monday/zk5dhkm</ref>. Filime yakiriye nomination 7 mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime zitandukanye zirimo:[[:en:Nigeria_Entertainment_Awards|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] (NEA) na AMVCA. Filime ye y'ibyago yakurikiyeho ''Dear Bayo'' yerekanwe mu birori 11 bya firime kandi yatsindiye ibihembo 6 mu iserukiramuco rya Nollywood mu [[Bwongereza]] andi maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ya firime. Umoren yayoboye kandi filime ''Lagos:'' ''Sex, Lies & Traffic'' yafatanije na Gbemisola Afolabi<ref>https://independent.ng/filmmaker-imoh-umoren-recounts-close-shave-with-covid-19/</ref>. Nyuma yarangije gutunganya ikinamico yigihe ''The Herbert Macaulay Affair'', biopic ivuga kuri Herbert Macaulay, muri 2018. Muri 2020, yakoze urukurikirane rw'ikinamico ''Umuyoboro wa 77''<ref>https://nollytrailers.com/news/imoh-umoren-starts-a-new-epoch-with-his-intriguing-lagos-sex-lies-and-traffic/</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''Hard Times'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2007 |''The Station'' |Junior producer |TV series |- |2007 |''Break the Bank'' |Producer |TV series |- |2007 |''Don’t Forget The Lyrics'' |Junior producer |TV series |- |2008 |''[[:en:Project_Fame_West_Africa|Project Fame]]'' |Junior producer |TV program |- |2008 |''MTN Xtra Connect Game Show'' |Junior producer |TV series |- |2008 |''MTV Advance Warning'' |Junior producer |TV series |- |2009 |''Lemon Green'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2009 |''[[:en:Malta_Guinness_Street_Dance|Malta Guinness Street Dance]]'' |Junior producer |TV program |- |2010 |''All Sorts Of Trouble'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2013 |''Have A Nice Day'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2015 |''Lagos: Sex, Lies & Traffic'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2016 |''The Happyness Limited'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Children_of_Mud|Children of Mud]]'' |Director, producer, writer |Film |- |2018 |Club | | |- |2019 |''[[:en:The_Herbert_Macaulay_Affair|The Herbert Macaulay Affair]]'' |Director, producer |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Dear_Bayo|Dear Bayo]]'' |Director, writer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] sdl24znozg0l81fv5byao7xfxpo6ahw 0 9439 80378 80296 2021-11-15T12:57:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tunde Babalola''', ni umwanditsi muri sinema yo muri [[Nigeriya]] na televiziyo yo mu [[Bwongereza]] <ref>https://encomium.ng/oil-and-gas-big-player-babatunde-babalola-berths-new-airline/</ref>. Azwi cyane mu kwandika inyandiko zerekana filime zishimwa cyane nka ''Last Flight to Abuja,Critical Assignment'', October 1 na ''Citation'' .<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/m0gc6w54?hl=nl</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira mu [[Bwongereza]]. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri [[Nijeriya]] hamwe n'ababyeyi n'abavandimwe.<ref>https://www.fnac.com/ia3623760/Babalola-Tunde</ref> Se yari umucungamari naho nyina akora muri Banki Nkuru. Babalola iyobowe na nyirarume, Liyetona-Koloneli mu ngabo za [[Nijeriya]], Babalola yahatiwe gusaba ishuri rikuru ry'ingabo rya Nijeriya (NDA).<ref>https://www.fnac.com/ia3623760/Babalola-Tunde</ref> Icyakora, nyina ntiyamuhaye uruhushya. Niyo mpamvu, yemerewe kwiga Dramatic Arts muri kaminuza ya Obafemi Awolowo <ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/tunde-babalola/</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 14, yanditse inyandiko ye ya mbere ya firime in ''The Raw'' <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/tunde-babalola</ref>. Amaze gusubira mu [[Bwongereza]], yinjiye mu muyoboro wa 4 maze yandika ikinamico ya sitcom ikurikirana yitwa ''In Exile''. Nyuma yaje gukorana n'imiyoboro myinshi: BBC, Televiziyo ya Carlton na Televiziyo ya Chrysalis <ref>https://www.f6s.com/tundebabalola</ref>. Muri 2015, yinjiye nk'umwanditsi akaba na producer wa comediyo yerekana urwenya ''Rib Busters: Urwenya'' <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2082486/</ref>. Muri 2015, Babalola yatsindiye ibihembo byumwanditsi mwiza w’urwenya kuri filime ''Inama'' n’umwanditsi w’ikinamico mwiza wa filime October 1 muri [[Afurika]] Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards.<ref>https://www.qed.ng/tunde-babalola/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''The Bill'' |writer |TV Series |- |1997 |''True to Life Player'' |writer |TV Series |- |1997 |''Crime of a Lesser Passion'' |writer |TV Series |- |1997 |''Armed and Dangerous'' |writer |TV Series |- |1998 |''In Exile'' |writer |TV Series |- |1998 |''One Man, Two Faces'' |writer |TV Series |- |2002 |''Single Voices'' |writer |TV Series |- |2002 |''Deep Freeze'' |Actor: Shockley |Film |- |2004 |''Critical Assignment'' |screenplay, writer |Film |- |2008 |''Life in Slow Motion'' |writer |Short film |- |2011 |''Maami'' |screenplay |Film |- |2012 |''Last Flight to Abuja'' |story |Film |- |2012 |''The Meeting'' |writer |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:October_1_(film)|October 1]]'' |script writer |Film |- |2016 |''The CEO'' |writer |Film |- |2019 |''Mokalik (Mechanic)'' |writer |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Citation_(film)|Citation]]'' |writer |Film |- |2021 |''[[:en:La_Femme_Anjola|La Femme Anjola]]'' |writer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] sznnz2vwr1mdvzszjlk26oqlyb0m3d5 0 9440 80379 80297 2021-11-15T13:03:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pat Nebo''', ni umuhanzi [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri Nigeriya wapanze umusaruro nkumuyobozi wubuhanzi<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/377525-interview-my-career-as-nollywood-production-designer-pat-nebo.html</ref> . Yakoze nk'umushinga wo gutunganya amashusho muri firime harimo''October 1'', ''"76'', ''Being Mrs Elliot'' and ''Okafor's Law'' . Yakoze kandi nkuwashushanyije muri firime nke.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/19/pat-nebo-tunde-kelani-deserves-a-national-honour/</ref> Mu 1993, yatangiye umwuga we wo gutunganya ibicuruzwa hamwe na firime yo murugo ''Ti oluwa ni ile''<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/pat-nebo</ref> . Muri uwo mwaka, yakoze mu bice bibiri bya ''Ti oluwa ni ile'' . Mu mwaka wa 2009, yagaragaye muri sinema ya mbere muri filime yitwa ''Figurine'' aho yakinnye nka 'Umubitsi w'ishyingirwa'<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/np-nebo,%20pat</ref>. Icyakora, yakomeje gukora ''nkuwashushanyije'' muri firime nyinshi nka Araromire, ''Arugba'', ''Symphony ya Alero'' na ''Kuba Madamu Elliot''<ref>https://nollysilverscreen.com/2021/09/10/attend-the-filmmakers-forum-with-pat-nebo/</ref> . Usibye gushushanya umusaruro, yanakoze nk'umuyobozi wubuhanzi muri firime: ''The Figurine'', ''Terefone Swap'', ''IHalf of a Yellow Sun'' na ''76''<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1428032-pat-nebo</ref> . == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1993 |''Ti oluwa ni ile'' |production designer |Home movie |- |1993 |''Ti oluwa ni ile 2'' |production designer |Home movie |- |1993 |''Ti oluwa ni ile 3'' |production designer |Home movie |- |2002 |''Agogo èèwò'' |production designer |Film |- |2009 |''The Figurine'' |actor:Marriage Registrar, production designer, art director |Film |- |2009 |''Araromire'' |production designer |Film |- |2009 |''Arugba'' |production designer |Film |- |2011 |''Alero's Symphony'' |set designer |Film |- |2012 |''Phone Swap'' |production designer, art director |Film |- |2014 |''Being Mrs Elliot'' |production designer |Film |- |2014 |''Half of a Yellow Sun'' |art director |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:October_1_(film)|October 1]]'' |production designer |Film |- |2016 |''Okafor's Law'' |set designer |Film |- |2016 |''The CEO'' |production designer |Film |- |2016 |''76'' |actor:Colonel Aliu, production designer |Film |- |2017 |''Omugwo'' |production designer |Film |- |2017 |''The Tribunal'' |production designer |Film |- |2018 |''Lionheart'' |production designer |Film |- |2019 |''Mokalik (Mechanic)'' |production designer, art director |Film |- |2019 |''Citation'' |production designer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7pkluxs72dga7g6fa017iizmsr4al0y 0 9441 80380 80298 2021-11-15T13:09:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Prof. '''Branwen Kiemute Okpako''' (yavutse 25 Gashyantare 1969), yavukiye muri [[nijeriya]] gusa akorera umwuga wo gutunganya amaflimi mu [[budage]] <ref>https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako</ref> . Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane''The Education of Auma Obama'', ''Dirt for Dinner'' and ''Landing''. . Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni n'umwanditsi, producer, sinema, umwanditsi wa firime ndetse numwarimu<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0645701/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1969 i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]. Afite imyaka 16, yimukiye i Wales<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.branwen-okpako.6623.html</ref> . Mu 1991, Okpako yabonye impamyabumenyi ya B.Sc. mu bumenyi bwa politiki yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bristol, mu [[Bwongereza]] nyuma akaza gukurikira amasomo ya MFA ahwanye na filime iyobowe na Academy ya Filime na Televiziyo yo mu Budage Berlin GmbH, Berlin (DFFB) mu 1999.<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/directors/Branwen_Okpako</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259736106_The_Hybrid_Approach_An_Interview_with_the_Filmmaker_Branwen_Okpako</ref><ref>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/492644/pdf</ref> Yashakanye na Johannes Brandrup, nyuma baza gutandukana. == Umwuga == Mugihe mu mwaka wa nyuma wa DFFB, yakoze firime ye ya mbere ya ''Dreckfresser'' mu 2000.<ref>https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako</ref> Filime yibanze ku bapolisi ba mbere b'abirabura mu Budage bw'Iburasirazuba. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mpuzamahanga harimo Intambwe Zibanza: Igihembo cy’Abadage Newcomer Igihembo cya Film Documentary 2000, IG Media Award i Dok Leipzig mu 2000, Igihembo cyatanzwe kuva kugurisha 2000<ref>https://ecommerce.umass.edu/defa/projects/special-events/38218</ref><ref>https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako</ref><ref>https://thi.ucsc.edu/event/branwen-okpako-the-education-of-auma-obama-2/</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyiza cya Filime nziza mu cyumweru cya 24 cya Duisburg. Mu 2001, iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Leta ya Bavariya Igihembo cyiswe “Intare ikiri nto” ndetse na filime nziza yo gutanga impamyabumenyi mu iserukiramuco rya Docs Dubrovnik<ref>https://www.german-films.de/filmarchive/browse-archive/view/person/person/okpako/index.html</ref>. Usibye sinema, Okpako ni Umwarimu wungirije mu ishami rya Sinema n’itangazamakuru rya Digital muri kaminuza ya California, Davis .<ref>https://www.ratemyprofessors.com/ShowRatings.jsp?tid=2534083</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1995 |''Vorspiel'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |1997 |''Landing'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |1998 |''Searching for Tahid'' |Director, writer |Film |- |1999 |''LoveLoveLiebe'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2000 |''Dreckfresser'' (Dirt for Dinner) |Director, writer, producer |TV Movie documentary |- |2003 |''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' (Valley of the Innocent) |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Die Geschichte der Auma Obama'' (The Education of Auma Obama) |Director, writer, editor, producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''Fluch der Medea'' (Curse of Medea) |Director, writer, editor, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Arbitrary Fairytales'' |Actress: Blue (voice) |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] dwlbd7f3oi87lgf835frf58pqfi8f6q 0 9442 80381 80299 2021-11-15T13:14:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andy Amadi Okoroafor numukinnyi''' wa firime [[Nijeriya|wo]] muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] nkumuvugizi wa TED<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/andy-amadi-okoroafor/</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film ya ''Relentless ya'' 2010. Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ni umwanditsi, producer numuyobozi wubuhanzi. Niwe washinze sitidiyo yo guhanga 'Clam'<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4162175/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Gashyantare 1966 i Bauchi, mu majyaruguru ya [[Nijeriya]]. Yari afite umwaka umwe igihe intambara yatangiraga i Biafra<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270472677_Okoroafor_Andy_Amadi_Relentless_2010_95_min_With_Gideon_Okeke_Nneka_Egbuna_and_Jimmy_Jean-Louis_France_and_Nigeria_English_Clam_Films_No_price_reported</ref>. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Paris mu [[Bufaransa]] maze akora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuhanzi mu kwamamaza, imideli n'amashusho y'indirimbo. Ni na TED-Mugenzi<ref>https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-andy-amadi-okoroafor/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu [[Bufaransa]], Okoroafor yamaze imyaka 5 yubuhanzi ayobora amashusho yindirimbo <ref>https://clamfilms2.wordpress.com/andy-okoroafor/</ref>, kuva kuri alubumu kugeza ku mashusho yindirimbo. Yashinze sitidiyo yo guhanga yitwa 'Clam' na 'Clam magazine' mu 1999. Iki kinyamakuru gisohoka kabiri mu mwaka mu [[Buyapani]], [[Amerika]], [[Uburayi]], na [[Berezile]]<ref>https://www.xyz.ng/en/people/andy-amadi-okoroafor-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story-102598</ref>. Mu imurikagurisha rya 2017, yayoboye igitaramo ''show Never Surrender'', i M. Bassy i Hamburg, mu [[Budage]]. Muri iki gitaramo harimo gufotora no kwerekana amashusho murukurikirane, ''Aphrike Yinshi''<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/andy-amadi-okoroafor-relentless-2010-95-min-with-gideon-okeke-nneka-egbuna-and-jimmy-jeanlouis-france-and-nigeria-english-clam-films-no-price-reported/AF4AE386A7D6EEE44E781FFB6953395A</ref> . Hamwe nuruhererekane, yakoranye na mugenzi we bafotora hamwe nuwakoze firime, Andrew Dosunmu.<ref>https://m-bassy.org/en/programm/more-aphrike-2</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Okoroafor yakoze filime ''Relentless'', filime ye ya mbere. Mu Kwakira 2010, iyi filime yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ryabereye i Londres, ryerekanwa ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2010 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Afurika ryabereye i Port Harcourt ku nshuro ya mbere muri [[Afurika]]<ref>http://kalamu.com/neogriot/2013/10/08/interview-video-andy-amadi-okoroafor/</ref><ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/relentless/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''[[:en:Relentless_(2010_film)|Relentless]]'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 7vcrn9hfvad9et81cgt55ncjpi34f7l 0 9443 80382 80300 2021-11-15T13:18:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Njemanze''', ni umukinnyi wa sinema muri [[Nigeriya]]. Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''Domitila'', ''Tinsel'', ''Ìrètí'' na ''Colorless''<ref>https://naijagists.com/why-i-broke-up-with-segun-arinze-ex-wife-ann-njemanze-domitila/</ref> <ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/84-nollywood-exclusive/26964-picture-of-segun-arinze-s-17-year-old-daughter-from-ann-njemanze</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yashakanye na mugenzi we ukina filime muri Nollywood, Segun Arinze,<ref>https://naijagists.com/why-i-broke-up-with-segun-arinze-ex-wife-ann-njemanze-domitila/</ref> nyuma biba ubukwe bw'igihe gito. Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Renny Morenike, wavutse ku ya 10 Gicurasi. Ugushyingo 2013, yongeye gushaka Silver Ojieson<ref>https://www.tmznaija.com/2020/05/nollywood-actress-anne-njemanze.html</ref>. Icyakora, yamaze kandi amezi atarenze umunani kugeza muri Nyakanga 2014 kubera ibibazo by'ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/1511489/segun-arinzes-ex-wife-ann-njemanze</ref>. Nyuma gato yo gutandukana nubukwe bwa mbere, yahuye nimpanuka yabereye i Calabar, muri leta ya Cross River. Kubera iyi mpanuka<ref>https://www.nairaland.com/2278995/actress-anne-njemanze-runs-dear</ref>, Owerri wavukiye muri leta ya Imo yangiritse cyane mu gihe Njemanze yagumye ku ngoyi imyaka 2<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/06/two-years-after-my-accident-sex-felt-funny%E2%80%94ann-njemanze/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1995 yatangiye gukina na firime yo mu rugo ''Rattle Snake'' . Nyuma yaje kuba umukinnyi w'amafirime uzwi cyane hamwe na filime gakondo yo murugo ''Domitilla'' na ''Domitilla II'' afite uruhare runini. Nyuma yaje gukina muri firime ''Yukuri Kwatura'' aho hamwe na Liz Benson<ref>https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2018/12/ann-njemanze-biography-age-children.html</ref>.  == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- | rowspan="2" |1995 |''[[:en:Rattlesnake_(1995_film)|Rattle Snake]]'' |Herself |Home Video |- |''Rattle Snake 2'' |Herself |Home Video |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''Domitilla'' |Domitilla |Home Video |- |''Domitilla II'' |Domitilla |Home Video |- |1997 |''True Confession'' | |Home Video |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''Living Abroad'' |Herself |Home Video |- |''Best Lovers'' | |Home Video |- |2012 |''[[:en:Tinsel_(TV_series)|Tinsel]]'' |Inspector Sankey |Home Video |- |2015 |''Hope'' |Ireti |Short film |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Ìrètí'' |Ireti |Short film |- |''Colourless'' |Mrs. Okai |Film |- |2018 |''The Lost Café'' |Ose's Mother |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] o6qpq3i3kntvv6e1nmuzamgj60bbwc7 0 9444 80383 80301 2021-11-15T13:23:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophie Rammal Alakija''' (wavutse 8 Gashyantare 1993), ni umukinnyi wa sinema muri [[Nigeriya]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri ''Halita'' na ''Assistant'' Madams.<ref>https://newdiplomatng.com/sophie-alakija-marriage-wale/</ref><ref>https://dnbstories.com/2021/10/everything-about-sophie-alakijas-marriage-husband-and-children.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Alakija yavutse ku ya 8 Gashyantare 1993 mu muryango wa kisilamu ukomoka muri Efik (umuryango wo mu bihugu byambukiranya igihugu cya Calabar ) ukomoka muri Libani<ref>https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actress/sophie-alakija-biography-age-husband-net-worth-parents-boyfriend-religion-movies/</ref>. == Umwuga == Yagaragaye muri ''Holla kuri'' videwo y'indirimbo y'umuhungu wahoze ari umukunzi we Wizkid nk'umubyinnyi wa mbere mu mwaka wa 2010.<ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/see-how-sophie-alakija-has-transformed-10-years-after-wizkid-featured-her-in-holla-at-your-boy/</ref><ref>https://thenewsguru.com/entertainment/sophie-alakija-laments-over-being-called-wizkids-ex-girlfriend/</ref> Yakinnye muri firime nyinshi zizwi cyane, zirimo:''Drawing Strands'', ''Getting over him'', and ''Small Chops''. Muri 2017, yakinnye muri ''serivise za Scandals'', ni ubufatanye hagati ya [[Gana]] na [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm11629532/</ref><ref>https://buzznigeria.com/sophie-alakija-real-age-and-detailed-biography/</ref>. Muri 2019, yakinnye muri ''serivise ya Halita'' hanyuma akurikirana ibiganiro bya TV ''Assistant Madams'' . Yakinnye kandi mu mugore ''w’umuyisilamu'' wa Timini Egbuson mu 2020<ref>https://contents101.com/2021/06/30/sophie-alakija-biography-age-movies-and-net-worth/</ref>.<ref>https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2020/05/sophie-alakija-biography-age-husband.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2021 |''My Village People'' | |Comedy |- |2019 |''Scandals'' |Actress: Altine |TV series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Halita|Halita]]'' |Actress: Altine |TV series |- |2020 |''Assistant Madams'' |Actress: Tamara |TV series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] bxjj06t27j82l8hqzvg06zwko0f87wo 0 9445 80384 80302 2021-11-15T13:30:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 added wiki links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obianuju Blessing Okeke''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Uju Okeke''', ni umukinnyi wa sinema muri [[Nigeriya]].<ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/uju-okeke/</ref> Yagize uruhare muri ''Mission to No Where'' and ''the Barrister'' .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2704195/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Anyamele yavukiye muri Leta ya Anambra . Yize mu buhanzi bwa teatre yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Nnamdi Azikiwe<ref>https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/honour-for-uju-okeke-from-her-alma-mater/</ref>. <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/19945/nollywood-actress-uju-okeke-ties-the-knot.html</ref>Mu 2012, yashakanye n'umukunzi we kuva kera, Melekh. Ibirori byera byabereye mu rusengero rwa Saint Barth Anglican i Lagos.<ref>https://thenamesdictionary.com/meaning-of/uju-uat/meaning-of-uju-uat-name-means</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2006, Okeke yakinnye nk'umukozi muri firime ya Teco Benson ''yise Mission to No Where''<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Uju_Okeke</ref> . Mu 2007, yatsindiye igihembo cy’umukinnyi wa Nest uzaza muri Ibihembo bya African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) kubera uruhare rwe rwiza muri iyo filime<ref>http://www.africine.org/analyse/moviedom-2008-stuck-in-the-middle-of-nowhere/8578</ref>. Muri 2018, yahawe icyubahiro n’ishami ry’ikinamico n’ubushakashatsi bwa firime, kaminuza ya Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, muri Leta ya Anambra<ref>https://weddbook.com/entry/1978439/eikonworld-photography-presents-uju-and-obioratraditional-wedding-in-anambra-state</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''The Barrister'' |Actress |Film |- |2006 |''Mission to No Where'' |Actress: Maid |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] g5kgkre0ow9kvn964cfi6o551ienu40 0 9446 80385 80303 2021-11-15T13:34:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Munezero Aline''' (wavutse 1994), ni umukinnyi wa filimi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://ibyamamare.com/aline-uzwi-nka-bijoux-muri-bamenya-abantu-benshi-bamaze-igihe-bibaza-ku-miterere-ningano-yumubiri-we-yavuze-ko-atigeze-yiyongeresha-ikibuno-ahubwo-ngo-nibiryo-arikurya-birikumuyobokaamafoto/</ref>. Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]], Aline azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Milika' muri filime izwi cyane ''Gica'' <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75918/munezero-aline-uri-mubahatanira-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-wa-fil-75918.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1994 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukobwa w'imfura w'umuryango ufite barumuna be batanu. Kuri ubu atuye mu karere ka [[Gasabo]] mu murenge wa [[Kimironko]]. Yasezeranye ku ya 28 Kanama 2020<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/102575/munezero-aline-bijoux-yatandukanye-numusore-wamwambitse-impeta-ahita-akundana-nundi-102575.html</ref>.<ref>http://kigalisource.rw/2020/08/28/aline-munezero-uzwi-nka-bijoux-muri-bamenya-yambitswe-impeta-numukunzi-we-banitegura-kurushingana-amafoto/</ref> == Umwuga == Yakinnye muri firime zigera ku munani, zirimo''Gica'', ''My Husband'', ''My Lady'', ''The King'', ''Bazirunge'' and ''City Maid''. . Yahisemo kandi umukinnyi wa Filime uzwi cyane muri Rwanda Film Award mu 2016<ref>https://igicumbinews.co.rw/rwanda-umukinnyikazi-wa-filime-yatandukanye-numusore-uherutse-kumwambika-impeta-anayimusubije-arayanga-ahubwo-yikundira-undi/</ref>.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75918/munezero-aline-uri-mubahatanira-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-wa-fil-75918.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] i9nzcd4k8jn0cw3y4d070k6b2fc43xq 0 9447 81971 80386 2022-02-08T21:26:56Z Germain92 9488 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musanase Laura''' (wavutse 1993), ni umukinnyi [[Rwanda|wa filimi mu Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/209427</ref>. Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]], Laura azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Nikuze' muri televiziyo izwi cyane yo mu Rwanda ''City Maid''<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/sinema/article/video-nikuze-wo-muri-city-maid-yahishuye-ko-ari-mu-rukundo</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/nikuze-wahindutse-indaya-muri-city-maid-no-mu-buzima-busanzwe-yahindutse-indaya</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1993 muri [[Tanzaniya]], yakuriye mu [[Rwanda]] mu muryango ufite barumuna be batandatu.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/76226/menya-byinshi-kuri-nikuze-uri-mubakinnyi-10-ba-filime-bahata-76226.html</ref> Yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Bright Academy mu Karere ka Nyagatare. Nyuma yaje kwiga i Lycee de Kigali amashuri yisumbuye arangiza amashuri avuye mu ishuri ry’abakobwa rya FAWE.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86459/video-menya-ibyo-umusore-nikuze-wo-muri-city-maid-yakundana-86459.html</ref> Kuri ubu atuye mu karere ka Gasabo mu murenge wa Gisozi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/abafana-ba-nikuze-wo-muri-city-maid-bahura-nawe-bagaturika-bakarira</ref>. == Empowerment == Laura, mukinyamakuru kitwa new times yasobanuye ko yatewe imbaraga zokuba umukinyi wa filime namugenziwe warusazwe akina filime ndetse ahabwa incingano zikomeye zo gucyina city maid. aho yatangiye akina arumukozi wo murugo hanyuma azakwamamara abumukinyi mwiza wa filime aho yaje no gukina muri filime yitwa [[Filime ejo si kera|ejo sikera]] kandi we mubyukuri nago yacyekagako yabasha gukina filime ariko yaje gukina neza kandi anabyiyumvamo .https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/209427 == Career == Yatangiye gukina bwa mbere kuri televiziyo sitcom ''City Maid'' afite uruhare runini 'Nikuze<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/bamwe-mu-bazwi-muri-sinema-nyarwanda-bishimira-urwego-igezeho/</ref>'. Uruhare rwe rwamamaye cyane muri rubanda. Yaretse iyo nshingano imyaka mike, aho abafana bagaragaje akababaro kabo. Icyakora, nyuma yaje kwemeza ko, azagaruka serial vuba. Yatoranijwe kandi mu cyiciro cy’abakinnyi beza muri Rwanda Movie Awards<ref>https://umuseke.rw/nikuze-yinjiye-muri-cinema-atabishaka-birangira-yamamaye.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2018 | ''Umuja wo mu mujyi'' | Nikuze | TV sitcom | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] p287ewey0fyuivay7lq0z85phdd0rko 0 9448 80387 80305 2021-11-15T13:51:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philbert Aimé Mbabazi Sharangabo''' (wavutse 1990), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/188273</ref> . Yakoze filimi nyinshi harimo, ''The Liberators,'' ''Versus'' and ''I Got My Things And Left.''<ref>http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/6566-philbert-aime-mbabazi-sharangabo</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1990 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . == Umwuga == Mbabazi yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami rya sinema yakuye muri kaminuza y’ubuhanzi n’ubushakashatsi i Geneve (UMUTWE - Genève, Haute école d'art et de design) . Mugihe cyishuri, yakoze firime ebyiri ''The Liberators'' na ''Versus''<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/philbert-aim%C3%A9-mbabazi-sharangabo</ref><ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/philbert-aim%C3%A9-mbabazi-sharangabo</ref> . Filime zombi zerekanwe mu birori byinshi bya firime birimo Vision du Réel Nyon, Internationale Kurzfilmtage Winterthur, Tampere, Oberhausen na Uppsala Festival Festival. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi muri 2017, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/6566-philbert-aime-mbabazi-sharangabo</ref>. Muri 2019, yayoboye filime ngufi''I Got My Things And Left'' yatsindiye igihembo kinini mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Oberhausen. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya firime rirenga 20 nk'Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Rotterdam, International Kurzfilmtage Winterthur, Internationale Kurzfimtage Winterthur, Genda Nijmegen, Indie Lisboa na ISFF Hamburg, FIFF Namur n'ibindi<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyishimo-kuri-seburikoko-na-nikuze-begukanye-ibihembo-muri-mashariki-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108271/ines-girihirwe-yashyikirijwe-igihembo-yegukanye-mu-iserukiramuco-rya-filime-muri-zanzibar-108271.html</ref> . yatangije isosiyete ikora firime yitwa 'Imitana Productions' ifite icyicaro i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Nyuma yaje gukora filime ye ya mbere ya ''Republika'' (Spectrum<ref>https://www.iamafilm.com/index.php/Mbabazi</ref>). == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2012 |''Ruhago'' |Director |Short film |- |2012 |''Ruhago Destiny FM'' |Director |Short film |- |2014 |''City Dropout'' |Director |Short film |- |2014 |''Akaliza Keza'' |Director |Short film |- |2014 |''Mageragere City Dropout'' |Director |Short film |- |2016 |''Waiting'' |Director |Short film |- |2016 |''The Liberators'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, sound mix |Short film |- |2016 |''Versus'' |Director, writer, editor, casting, producer, sound mix |Short film |- |2018 |''Keza Lyn'' |Director, writer, producer |Short film |- |2018 |''I Got My Things And Left'' |Director, editor, casting |Short film |- |2020 |''Fish Bowl'' |Producer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] dybv8a3p9evymhsjadyona1fzbftuoz 0 9449 80388 80306 2021-11-15T13:57:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Bounty''''', ni film documentaire yu Rwanda yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Shyaka Kagamé kandi yakozwe na Florence Adam muri Les Productions JMH<ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/movie/bounty/D2D2173EB7D94C61ADACFBFD14F61704</ref><ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Bounty_(2017_film)</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.humanisthme.org/portfolio-item/bounty-noir-dedans-blanc-dehors/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori byinshi bya firime<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51190_1</ref>. Inyandiko irihariye kubera nta majwi arenga, kubazwa cyangwa isura ya kamera. Filime ivuga kubibazo bijyanye numwirondoro wabirabura baba mubusuwisi<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/1121377</ref><ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Bounty/25288463/listes</ref> == Umugambi == Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima bwa buri munsi bwabantu batanu baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye: Bacary, Winta, Jeffrey, Rili na Ayan aho bose bavukiye cyangwa bakuriye mu [[Busuwisi]].<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/528168/societe/afro-suisses-il-est-essentiel-que-notre-generation-se-raconte-par-elle-meme/</ref> <ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/hebdo/20171013-bounty-premiere-generation-suisses-origine-africaine-shyaka-kagame-culture-identite</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] skm08w5gh85biif343ucdcggkbipg4e 0 9450 80389 80307 2021-11-15T14:01:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kickin 'It With The Kinks''''', ni filimi ngufi yo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda yo mu]] 2016 iyobowe na Cynthia Butare nka filime yatewe inkunga na Mundia Situmbeko na Selina Thompson<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking</ref>.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201508030510.html</ref> Muri 2011, Butare yakoze ''Kickin 'It With The Kinks'' kumushinga we wa kaminuza.<ref>https://eclipsetheatre.org.uk/author/187-hbadmin?start=30</ref> Filime yakira igihembo cya documentaire nziza mu ishami rye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking</ref> Nyuma mu 2016, Cynthia ari kumwe n'inshuti ye Mundia, bahisemo gukora verisiyo ndende ya firime<ref>https://chroniquebeautenoire.com/le-documentaire-kickin-it-ith-the-kinks-maintenant-disponible-en-francais/</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201508030510.html</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://theculturevulture.co.uk/cultures/fooddrink/kickin-it-with-the-kinks-at-the-ukrainian-club/</ref>.<ref>http://www.theculturewordreview.com/film/kickingitwiththekinks/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] kc9kzjq399zcgzvm4njz1wewor8uzlx 0 9451 80390 80308 2021-11-15T14:04:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Imfura''''', ni filime ngufi yo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda yo muri]] 2017 iyobowe na Samuel Ishimwe ikaba yarayikoranye na Daniel Schweizer na Jean Perret kuri Haute École d'Art et de Design (HEAD) na Imitana Productions.<ref>https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/</ref> <ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/person/samuel-ishimwe/A76E473A8D06475DA0944D06EB9622AB</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Moses Mwizerwa mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Kijyana Yves na Nyirababikira Hadidja mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/imfura/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-43156718</ref>. Bibaye umusaruro wambere wu [[Rwanda]] washyizwe mumarushanwa ya Berlinale Short. Muri make yatsindiye icyiciro cya silver Bear Jury Igiciro cya Berlin International Festival Festival<ref>https://www.hesge.ch/head/projet/film-imfura-samuel-ishimwe-remporte-prix-au-palm-springs-international-short-film-festival</ref> . == Umugambi == Iyi filime ivuga ku nkuru yashyizwe mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside]] .<ref>https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Moses Mwizerwa nka Gisa * Kijyana Yves nka Gahigi * Nyirababikira Hadidja nka Seraphina == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6pot5t13q7m6kqmovxvicsl1ppf7yx0 0 9452 80391 80309 2021-11-15T14:11:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Ishimwe Karemangingo''' (wavutse 1991), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/person/samuel-ishimwe/A76E473A8D06475DA0944D06EB9622AB</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ngufi ''Imfura i'', aho abaye umukinnyi wa mbere w’amafirime u [[Rwanda]] uhagarariye Berlinale<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/samuel-ishimwe/</ref>. Usibye kuba umuyobozi, ni n'umukinnyi wa sinema, umwanditsi, injeniyeri y'amajwi, umwanditsi wa sinema na producer<ref>http://luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2019/JuryMember/Samuel%20Ishimwe</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1991 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Nyina yamusize akiri uruhinja abura ababyeyi be n'umuryango we mugihe cya jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-43156718</ref>. == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye muri 2010, Ishimwe yatangiye gukora nkumunyamakuru nabafotora kuri 'igitekerezo.com'<ref>https://maishafilmlab.org/maisha-alumni/ishimwe-samuel/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2011, yakoze filime ngufi ya mbere ''Paying debts'' yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/samuel-ishimwe</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye amahugurwa ya documentaire muri [[Uganda]] yakozwe na Maisha Film Lab. Igihe yari muri [[Uganda]], yakoraga nka producer wungirije kuri documentaire ngufi ''Invisible soul'' <ref>https://maishafilmlab.org/maisha-alumni/ishimwe-samuel/</ref>. Nyuma mu 2011, yitabiriye amahugurwa yerekanwe kuri firime yitwa 'K-dox' yakozwe na James Longley. Muri kamena 2012, Ishimwe yarangije amezi 3 yibanda cyane kubijyanye no gukina film muri Kwetu Film Institute. Hanyuma muri Nzeri 2012, yitabiriye gahunda yo kwandika no kuyobora yitwa 'A Sample of Work'.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/91983</ref> Yanditse inyandiko ya ''Crossing Line'' kandi yatsindiye igihembo mumarushanwa yo kwandika inyandiko yateguwe na Goethe Institut [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.goethe.de/ins/rw/en/m/kul/mag/21785115.html</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukora nk'umunyamakuru n'umufotozi nyuma yo kurangiza muri kaminuza nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.ndangira.net/goethe-institut-kigali-independent-filmmaking-workshop/</ref>. Hanyuma yagiye mu [[Busuwisi]] kugira ngo akomeze kwiga. Muri kamena 2017, Ishimwe yabonye impamyabumenyi ya firime muri Haute école d'art et de design (Ishuri ry’ubukorikori n’ubushakashatsi rya Geneve - UMUTWE).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/73802</ref> Muri 2017, yakoze ''[[Imfura]]'' bisobanura ngo <nowiki>''First Born'</nowiki>. Iyi filime ivuga ku nkuru yashyizwe mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya jenoside. Nibikorwa byambere byu [[Rwanda]] byashyizwe mumarushanwa ya Berlinale Short. Muri make yatsindiye igiciro cya silver Bear Jury Igiciro cya Berlin International Festival Festival<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/227343</ref><ref>http://luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2019/JuryMember/Samuel%20Ishimwe</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2011 |''Paying debts'' |director |Short film |- |2011 |''Invisible souls'' |assistant producer |Short film |- |2014 |''Crossing Lines'' |director |Short film |- |2014 |''Uruzi'' |director |Short film |- |2016 |''The Liberators'' |cinematographer |Short film |- |2016 |''Versus'' |cinematographer |Short film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Imfura|Imfura]]'' |director, screenplay, cinematographer, editor, sound designer |Short film |- |2018 |''I got my Things and Left'' |cinematographer, producer |Short film |- |2020 |''Fish Bowl'' |producer, cinematographer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] lgunf71l5v9c2bvqj70r1yd8b7mv3t7 0 9453 80392 80310 2021-11-15T14:15:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Armand Kajangwe''', ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] - umukinnyi wa firime wo mu Busuwisi . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime nka ''The Asylum'', na ''Dirty Singles''<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/200021</ref> .<ref>https://www.cmu.edu/ini/news/2020/alain-feature-2020.html</ref> == Umwuga == Ku ya 7 Mata 2009, Kajangwe yinjiye mu isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa byuzuye yitwa 'Crooked Seas Inc.' yashinzwe na Craig Leblanc ifite icyicaro i Ontario, muri [[Kanada]]<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Armand_Kajangwe</ref>. Yakoze nk'umuyobozi, umuyobozi w'amafoto, n'umuyobozi ushinzwe imbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref>https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/</ref> Muri 2016, Kajangwe yagize uruhare mu gutangiza urubuga rwa mbere rwa videwo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/08/students-to-win-prizes-in-a-new-tv-show/</ref>. Ihuriro rizwi ku izina rya 'www.journal.rw' ryatunganijwe kandi rikoreshwa na Village Innovation , uruganda ruhanga ruherereye mu [[Rwanda]] aho Kajangwe ari umuyobozi mukuru<ref name=":0" />. Ihuriro rirashobora gutanga inzira yo gusangira ibisobanuro bihanitse bya videwo<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/228004</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''The Asylum'' |Editor, screenplay, producer |Documentary |- |2013 |''A Song for Torah Jane'' |second assistant camera operator |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] htrg50ukx8hy5dwin6x9h7sgq1816ys 0 9454 80393 80311 2021-11-15T14:19:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cynthia Butare''', [[Rwanda|numunyarwanda]] - umukinnyi wa firime wu Busuwisi kimwe naba videwo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking</ref> . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Kickin 'It With The Kinks'' <ref>https://www.africatechsummit.com/kigali/cth_speaker/cynthia-butare/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Geneve mu [[Busuwisi]]. Yabaye i Geneve kugeza arangije amashuri yisumbuye hanyuma yimukira mu [[Bwongereza]] kwiga amashuri makuru<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/cynthia-butare/3030107825/</ref>. == Umwuga == Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Digital Media and Communication nyuma arangiza Master's in Documentary Practice muri kaminuza ya Manchester Metropolitan<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.cynthia-umulisa-butare.49771.html</ref> . Muri 2011, yakoze ''Kickin 'It With The Kinks'' kumushinga wa kaminuza. Filime yakira igihembo cya documentaire nziza mu ishami rye.<ref>https://www.vsual.co/shop/cynthia-butare</ref> Nyuma mu 2016, Cynthia ari kumwe n'inshuti ye Mundia, bahisemo gukora verisiyo ndende ya firime. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Muri uwo mwaka, yatangije isosiyete ye bwite, 'CB Production'<ref>https://chroniquebeautenoire.com/cynthia-butare-capture-grace/</ref>. Akiri ingimbi, yatangiye kwandika mu 2003. Nubwo yahagaritse kwandika nyuma yimyaka itatu, yatangiye blog 2012. Muri 2013, Butare yahawe igihembo cya Blog nziza yumwaka na BEFFTA. Icyakora, yimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2014.<ref>https://eclipsetheatre.org.uk/whats-on/1225-kickin--it-with-the-kinks---2105-sheffield-film-screening</ref> Igihe yari mu [[Rwanda]], yakoze filime ye ya kabiri ya documentaire, ''Ishimwa: Kuva Amaraso Yera Kuri Grace'' . Yerekanwe mu rwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco rya sinema mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuri ubu arimo gukora umushinga witwa ''The Return''<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/231517</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2013 |''Tears & Blood Behind Made In China'' |Videographer |Documentary short film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Kickin'_It_With_The_Kinks|Kickin' It With The Kinks]]'' |Director |Documentary film |- |2019 |''Ishimwa: From Bloodshed To Grace'' |Director |Documentary film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] qzip4uq1b0h37rqgf3duse3886fz9o3 0 9455 80394 80312 2021-11-15T14:27:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Luc Mitana''' (yavutse 29 Nzeri 1983), ni umunyarwanda ukina filimi<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51461</ref> <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3393691/</ref>. Yabaye umukinnyi wa sinema muri firime zitandukanye zirimo ''Behind the Word'', ''Kai the Vendor'' and ''Strength in Fear''<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ca/film964334.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 29 Nzeri 1983 i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Umwuga == Mu 2006, yinjiye mu itsinda rya Almond Tree Films Collective maze mu 2009, Mitana akora kuri filime izwi ku izina rya ''Maibobo'' iyobowe na Yves Montand Niyongabo kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Rotterdam mu 2010<ref>https://en.igihe.com/entertainment/your-11-must-know-rwandan-filmmakers</ref>. Yatanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya Sinema Africano d'Asia e [[Amerika]] Latina ya 2011 i Milan, mu [[Butaliyani]]<ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/individu/15978/</ref>. Yayoboye ''SAA-IPO'' mu 2010. Yafatiwe amashusho i Kigali iterwa inkunga na Tribeca Film Institute<ref>https://www.3continents.com/fr/individu/15978/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca 2011 hanyuma ryerekanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Durban 2011 na AfryKamera International Film Festival, Polonye mu 2011<ref>https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/the-black-belgian-feature-film</ref>. Hanyuma muri 2014, yakoze muri documentaire ''Inyuma y'Isi'' iyobowe na Marie-Clementine Dusejambo. <ref name="Habyarimana" /> Muri 2014, yitabiriye impano ya Berlinale, aho yari muri Studio yo gutunganya.<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51461</ref> == Amashusho ya firime == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2009 |''Maibobo'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2009 |''The 100 Days That Didn't Shake the World'' |Cast |Documentary |- |2010 |''SAA-IPO'' |Director |Documentary |- |2012 |''Strength in Fear'' |Cinematography |Documentary |- |2014 |''Behind the World'' |Director |Documentary |- |2015 |''Damali'' |Director |Documentary |- |2016 |''Kai the vendor'' |Director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7twt93dcr4z9xdrra3dk23113sdv072 0 9456 80395 80313 2021-11-15T14:33:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lansana Mansaray''' (wavutse 1992), bakunze kwita '''Barmmy Boy''', ni umukinnyi wa firime wo [[Siyera Lewone|muri Siyera Lewone]] <ref>https://www.weowntv.org/lansana-mansaray</ref>. Umwe mu bakora amafilime azwi cyane muri sinema ya [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone, Mansaray azwi cyane muri filime zizwi cyane ''Youth'', ''Charity'' and [[:en:Survivors_(2018_film)|''Survivors'']]. . Usibye gukora firime, anatunganya firime, umukinnyi wa cinemateri numuraperi<ref>https://www.survivorsfilm.com/pressblog/tag/Lansana+Mansaray</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1992 i Freetown, muri [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone<ref>http://www.sierra-leone.org/Poetry/poetry-lansanamansaray.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Mansaray ni we washinze WeOwnTV akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro muri Freetown Media Center. Hamwe na WeOwnTV, yakoranye n’imiryango myinshi irimo: Defence for Children International, Studios ya NOVA (UK), Inama y’Ubwongereza Siyera Lewone, UNICEF Sierra Leone, Save the Children Sierra Leone, Ivuriro ry’umugore n’umugi wa Hull UK 2017<ref>https://awokonewspaper.sl/sierra-leone-news-survivors-film-premiered-in-sierra-leone/</ref> . Mu mwaka wa 2010, yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ''Youth'' . Muri uwo mwaka, yakoze nk'umukinnyi wa sinema muri filime ''y'abagiraneza'' . Yakomeje gukora nka cinematif mu myaka iri imbere muri firime; ''Barwanyije'' (2011) kandi ''Ubumuga ni Ubushobozi''<ref>https://catapultfilmfund.org/films/Survivors/</ref> . Usibye bo, yakoze nk'umukinnyi wa sinema mu bikorwa byinshi byegukanye ibihembo ''nka'' ''Decisions'' in 2011, ''Girl Rising'' in 2013, ''They Are We'' in 2014, and ''Meet the Africans: Many Rivers to Cross'' in 2013, aho nyuma yatsinze Igihembo cya Emmy . Mu mwaka wa 2014, yasuye u [[Bwongereza]] kugira ngo abonane n'incuti zimwe na zimwe, ariko byabaye ngombwa ko yongerera igihe cy'amezi atanu kubera icyorezo cya Ebola muri Siyera Lewone<ref>https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/filmmaker-stranded-hull-ebola-emmy-3300012</ref> . Muri 2018, yayoboye filime documentaire ''Survivors'', ishingiye ku kibazo cya Ebola. Nyuma yaje gutorwa muri Emmy's Best Social Issue Documentary, aho ibaye filime ya mbere yo muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] yuburengerazuba yakiriye ishimwe<ref>https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/weowntv-survivors/</ref>.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3639496/</ref> == Igice cya firime == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''Moving to the Beat'' |Actor: himself |Video documentary |- |2010 |''Youth'' |Director |Short film |- |2010 |''Charity'' |Director, additional photographer |Short film |- |2011 |''They Resisted'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Decisions'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2013 |''Girl Rising'' |Field producer |Documentary |- |2013 |''Meet the Africans: Many Rivers to Cross'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2014 |''They Are We'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2018 |[[:en:Survivors_(2018_film)|''Survivors'']] |Director, producer, cinematographer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ofoty31tohvirphh4nas0bwajlzj76a 0 9457 80396 80314 2021-11-15T14:36:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Bolot Feray''''', ni filime yo gusetsa ya Seychellois yo mu 1995 iyobowe na Jean-Claude Matombe kandi yakozwe na Marie-Therese Choppy<ref>https://mubi.com/films/bolot-feray</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Alain Belle mu ruhare rw'icyubahiro aho nka Charles DeCommarmond, Jenita Furneau, Antonia Gabriel na Marie Lista bagize uruhare runini<ref>https://mubi.com/films/bolot-feray</ref>. yari ishingiye ku ikinamico kandi yerekana umuryango gakondo wa Seychellois.<ref>https://www.moviefone.com/movie/bolot-feray/YGYVkIIkFQlnGFuKYA5F21/main/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://telescopefilm.com/film/421516-bolot-feray</ref>. Filime ifatwa nkimwe muma firime meza yo muri [[Afrika]]. Ikinamico yabanje kwandikwa na Geva René.<ref>https://www.nation.sc/article.html?id=218912</ref><ref>http://www.pfsr.org/category/news/page/15/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Alain Belle nka Bolot Feray * Charles DeCommarmond nka nyirarume Sarl * Jenita Furneau nka Mari * Antonia Gabriel nka Pierreline * Marie Lista nka Poupet == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 52zbzd2a5jc05ed6xh37r2w6khp5daq 0 9458 80397 80315 2021-11-15T14:38:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Selbe: One Among Many''''' (mu ntangiriro nka '''Selbé et tant d'autres''', ni filime ya documentaire yo muri Senegal yo mu 1983 iyobowe na Safi Faye kandi yakozwe na Pierre Hoffmann kuri Faye Films. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/selbe-one-among-many/</ref><ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/films/selbe-one-among-many/</ref> == Umugambi == Iyi filime izenguruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw’umugore wo mu mudugudu wa [[Senegali|Senegal]], Sélbe, ikanasuzuma uruhare rw’ubukungu n’imibereho y’abagore bo muri [[Afurika]] bo mu cyaro.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film811163.html</ref><ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65598206&lang=en</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] p7tyrudb33d07isdmc6evkzqinzp6xw 0 9459 80398 80316 2021-11-15T14:44:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ousmane William Mbaye''' (yavutse 1952), yavukiye muri [[Senegali|Senegal]] azwi mu gukora filimi <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ousmane-william-mbaye/</ref>. Mbaye azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire ''Mère-Bi'' ''ishimwa cyane'' na film Doomi Ngacc, ''Fresque'' na ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' . Usibye gukora amafilime, ni numu producer mukuru, utunganya umurongo, umwanditsi wa sinema, producer wamahanga, umuyobozi wamafoto, uwandika amajwi, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro, umwanditsi, na producer<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye</ref><ref>https://www.etonnants-voyageurs.com/MBAYE-Ousmane-William.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1952 i [[Paris]], mu [[Bufaransa]]. Nyina, Annette Mbaye d'Erneville akomoka muri [[senegali]] <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321371180_Ousmane_William_Mbaye_director_Kemtiyu_Cheikh_Anta_2016_94_minutes_Wolof_and_French_with_English_subtitles_Senegal_Les_Films_Mame_Yande_anf_Autoproduction_DVD_2000</ref>. == Umwuga == Mbaye yahuguye muri Conservatoire Libre du Cinéma Français (Konserwatori Yubusa ya Sinema y'Abafaransa). Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis aho yatangiriye gukina amashusho. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yimukiye muri [[Senegali]] . Nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi wungirije. Kuva 1990 kugeza 1997, yabaye umuhuzabikorwa nuwashinze Rencontres Cinématographiques ya Dakar (RECIDAK).<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye</ref><ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=5633</ref><ref>https://new.in-24.com/News/70837.html</ref> Mu 1979, yakoze kandi ayobora filime ye ya mbere ya ''Doomi Ngacc'' <ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/william-ousmane-mbaye/5633</ref>. Mugufi yatsindiye Bronze Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Carthage . Kuva mu 2000, yatangiye gukora documentaire nka ''Président Dia'' na ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' . Mu 2003, yakoze documentaire ngufi ''Xalima la plume'' yerekeye umucuranzi wa [[Senegali|Senegal]] Seydina Insa Wade. Nyuma yaho gato yatsindiye igihembo cya Documentaire muri Festival ya Milan<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=5633</ref> <ref>https://www.ma-mediatheque.net/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/568198/mentions-legales.aspx</ref>. Mu 2005, yayoboye documentaire ''Fer et verre'', yibanze ku muhanzi wa plastiki wo muri Senegal Anta Germane Gaye . Muri 2008, yakoze ''Mère-Bi'' ngufi, ishingiye kuri nyina.<ref>http://rwanda.spla.pro/en/file.film.xalima-la-plume.619.html</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakoze documentaire yerekana ubuzima bwa ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' ivuga ku buzima bw’amateka ya Senegal, umuganga, n’umunyapolitiki Cheikh Anta Diop<ref>https://www.au-senegal.com/le-cineaste-ousmane-william-mbaye-integre-l-academie-des-oscars,15805.html</ref> . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Yahawe igihembo cya EU / ACP mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) 2017<ref>https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2017/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=34</ref>.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/articles/review-of-kemtiyu-cheikh-anta/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1977 |''Ceddo'' |Assistant director |Short film |- |1979 |''Doomi Ngacc'' (The Child of Ngatch) |Director |Film |- |1981 |''Duunde Yakaar'' |Director |Film |- |1989 |''Dakar Clando'' |Director |Film |- |1990 |''City Life'' |Director |Documentary film |- |1992 |''Dial Diali'' |Director |Documentary short film |- |1992 |''Fresque'' |Director |Film |- |2002 |''Moi Et Mon Blanc'' |Assistant director |Film |- |2003 |''Xalima la plume'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Fer et verre'' |Director |Short film |- |2008 |''Mère-Bi'' |Director |Short film |- |2010 |''L'invité'' |Actor |TV series |- |2012 |''Président Dia'' |Director |Documentary |- |2016 |''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2019 |''Tabaski'' |Executive producer, production manager |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] nf3t7bqg4s4i7dbs2imnk39gpavflk1 0 9460 80399 80317 2021-11-15T14:51:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saphine Kirenga''' (wavutse 25 Nzeri) numukinnyi wa filime mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ise-yakiniye-rayon-sports-ibyo-wamenya-kuri-kirenga-saphine-umuganga-wihebeye</ref> . Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane kuri televiziyo yo mu [[Rwanda]], yagaragaye muri filime ''The Chains of Love'', ''Dreams'', ''Sakabaka'', ''Rwasibo'', ''Seburikoko'', ''Urugamba'' and ''The Secret of Happiness''. Ni umuforomo by'umwuga<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/110998/kirenga-saphine-irunga-longin-nabandi-bahurijwe-muri-filime-lost-life-110998.html</ref>.<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/238953</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Nzeri mu [[Rwanda]]. Nyina kandi ni umukinnyi w'amafirime uzwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Saphine_Kirenga</ref> Yasezeranye numucuranzi uzwi cyane Sebera Eric. Sebera yari umuyobozi wa Rafiki Coga mu 2007 na 2008. Ariko, nyuma y'amezi make, umubano waracitse maze Sebera atangira gukundana na Nicole Uwineza Ruburika<ref>https://igihe.com/spip.php?page=v5article&id_article=105635</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 2017, yakinnye muri filimi ''Mutoni'' hanyuma ''akina muri'' Sakabaka. Nyuma yo gutsinda muri serial, yatoranijwe muri film ngufi''The Secret of Happiness'' aho Saphine yagaragaje uruhare muri 'Eva'. Muri 2016, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza wa 2016.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/67548/rwanda-movie-awards-2016-urutonde-rw-abahatanira-igihembo-cy-67548.html</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8614922/</ref> Muri 2019, yakoze filime ''Shady Commitment'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza cyane mu birori byo gutangiza ibihembo bya Rwanda International Movie Awards (RIMA) muri Werurwe 2020. Muri uwo muhango, Saphine kandi yagizwe umukinnyi w’umukinnyi witwaye neza w’umwaka kubera uruhare yagize muri ''Shady Commitment'' .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95815/papa-sava-mama-nick-bamenya-mu-begukanye-ibihembo-bya-rwanda-international-movie-awards-am-95815.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/glitz-and-glamour-rima-2020-film-awards</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2014 |''Sakabaka'' |Actress |TV series |- |2014 |''Rwasibo'' |Actress |TV series |- |2015 |''[[:en:SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]]'' |Actress |Film |- |2016 |''Mutoni'' |Actress |TV series |- | |''The Chains of Love'' |Actress |Film |- | |''Dreams'' |Actress |Film |- | |''Urugamba'' |Actress |Film |- |2017 |''The Secret of Happiness'' |Actress: Eva, executive producer |Short film |- |2019 |''Bambi'' |Actress |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hx3ke9lj05s7i3bvm0ajs31a1p4iy7s 0 9461 82658 80400 2022-04-30T19:17:52Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadege Uwamwezi''' (wavutse 1993), ni umukinnyi wa filimi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/nadege-uwamwezi-wamenyekanye-nka-nana-muri-filime-city-maid-aragaragaza</ref>. Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane muri filimi zo kuri televiziyo mu [[Rwanda]], Nadege azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Nana' mu biganiro bya televiziyo, ''City Maid'' <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/nadege-uwamwezi-wamenyekanye-nka-nana-muri-filime-city-maid-aragaragaza</ref>. Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi n'umunyamideri.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/nadege-uwamwezi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1993 mu Rwanda. Yafunguye butike yitwa 'Nana Fashion Shop' ifite izina rye. Afite umuhungu umwe kuva yashyingiranwa bwa mbere, Ganza Benny Lucky<ref>http://rwanda.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/172611</ref>. Nk’uko ibihuha bivugwa, ngo yaba akundana n'umuririmbyi [[Kizito Mihigo]]<ref>https://rwandapaparazzi.rw/2019/09/13/nana-wo-muri-city-maid-yavuze-ku-byurukundo-rwe-na-kizito-mihigoinkuru/</ref> . Ariko nyuma yaje kubihakana, avuga ko ari inshuti gusa. Icyakora, vuba aha byavuzwe ko bategura ubukwe. Icyakora, yongeye guhakana ibyo aregwa<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Nadege_Uwamwezi</ref>. == Umwuga == Mbere yo gukina, Nadege yari umuririmbyi waririmbye ku izina rya 'Queen Nadege'. Yari mu itsinda ryitwa 'The Queens' aho baririmbaga 'Ryajambo' mu 2009. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63638/nadege-uwamwezi--63638.html</ref>Yinjiye muri Kwetu Film Institute yiga ikinamico. Nyuma, yamenyekanye gukina na Kennedy Mazimpaka, amaze kubona ubuhanga bwe bwo gukina i Kwetu<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/acting-can-earn-you-decent-life-says-actress-uwamwezi</ref>. Mazimpaka yamuhaye uruhare ruto muri filime ''Rwasibo'', yaje kuba umukinnyi wa mbere wa sinema. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakinnye muri filimi ica kuri televiziyo ''Mutoni'' nk'uruhare rwo kuyobora.<ref>https://eng.inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/68227/seburikoko-collected-4-trophies-at-rwanda-movie-awards-2016-68227.html</ref> Nyuma, yakinnye muri firime nyinshi zizwi cyane na zirimo, ''Catherine'' na ''Nkubito ya Nyamunsi'' . Muri 2016, yakinnye muri ''City Maid''<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/102018/nana-wamamaye-muri-city-maid-yahishuye-ko-hari-abamusaba-kuryamana-na-we-batazi-ko-ari-umu-102018.html</ref> . filimi imaze kumenyekana cyane mubantu kandi yakundaga kwitwa 'Nana'.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umukinnyi-wa-filime-nana-agiye-gukora-ubukwe-n-umusore-uba-mu-bubiligi</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2014 |''Rwasibo'' | |Film |- |2016 |''Mutoni'' |Mutoni |TV series |- |2015 |''Catherine'' |Catherine |Film |- |2015 |''Nkubito ya Nyamunsi'' | |Film |- |2016 |''City Maid'' |Nana |TV series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] skx68eljo4ogo3pdn0btmeo69sy85j8 0 9462 80401 80319 2021-11-15T14:59:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukakamanzi Beatha''' numukinnyi wa filimi mu [[Rwanda]] . Umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]], Beatha azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe nka 'Rosine', naho muri ''Giramata'' nka 'nyina wa Giramata'.<ref>http://kigalisource.rw/2020/03/02/dore-icyateye-mukakamanzi-beathawakinnye-nka-mama-nick-kwinjira-muri-cinema-nyarwanda/</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/mama-nick-na-papa-sava-batwaye-igihembo-cyabakinnyi-ba-film-bakunzwe.html/mama-nick</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Karere ka Gatsibo]] .<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/menya-byinshi-kuzwi-muri-firimi-nka-mama-nick/</ref> == Umwuga == Filime ye ya mbere yakinnye yaje muri firime ''The Deadly Spear.'' Nyuma ya firime, yakinnye muri firime nyinshi zizwi nka ''Rwasibo'', ''Intare yinngore'', ''Giramata n'inzindi'' , ''It's Not the End'', ''Dreams'', ''Enemy of Love'', ''Conclusion'', and ''Make Milk''.. Hanyuma yinjiye muri serivise izwi cyane ya ''City Maid'' <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/Abagore-bari-muri-Sinema-barasabwa-kwirinda-ababaka-ruswa</ref>.<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/142678</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/mama-nick-na-papa-sava-batwaye-igihembo-cyabakinnyi-ba-film-bakunzwe.html/mama-nick</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2019 | ''600: Inkuru y'abasirikare'' | | Inyandiko | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] h5vezicikb6yrjzltif0u0eu55x2zsp 0 9463 80402 80320 2021-11-15T15:06:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Didier Kamanzi''', umukinnyi wa filimi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://mni.rw/CompetitionVote/485</ref>. Umwe mu bakinnyi bazwi cyane muri sinema yo mu [[Rwanda]], Kamanzi azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri filime ''Rwasa'', ''Rwassibo'' na ''Catherine'' . Usibye gukina, ni n'umukinnyi mu ikipe y'igihugu ya rugby ubumwe bw'u [[Rwanda]] .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/29428</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70539/umukinnyi-wa-filime-didier-kamanzi-70539.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1994 mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] nk'umwana wa gatatu w'umuryango ufite barumuna be batandatu. Nyuma ya jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]], yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994 yiga mu mashuri yisumbuye. Yakoze nka bouncer muri club ya nijoro yaho amezi make<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Didier_Kamanzi</ref>.<ref>https://www.africanews.com/2019/03/21/lions-de-fer-rugby-football-club-rfc-out-to-claim-rugby-league-title/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75905/kamanzi-didier-uri-mubahatanira-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-wa-fil-75905.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mugihe akora nka bouncer muri club nijoro, yabonye igitekerezo cyo kugerageza film. Yagiye muri auditions abona uruhare. Muri 2015, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu bihembo bya firime yu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63209/ubwumvikane-buke-butumye-didier-kamanzi--63209.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207029</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201506010357.html</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2016 |''Mutoni'' |Rusangwa |TV series |- |2014 |''Umurabyo'' | |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] fsw7saxe7i60lca59nzp0tiyf1uiig9 0 9464 80403 80321 2021-11-15T15:08:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Satanskoraal''''' ni filime y'ibikorwa yo muri Afurika y'Epfo 1959 iyobowe na Elmo De Witt kandi yakozwe na Jamie Uys kuri Jamie Uys Filmproduksies<ref>https://mubi.com/films/satanskoraal</ref>. Niyo filime ya mbere yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo yafashwe amashusho mumazi.<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8e078380</ref><ref>https://www.academia.edu/7108505/The_gods_must_be_connected_An_investigation_of_Jamie_Uys_connections_in_the_Afrikaans_film_industry_using_social_network_analysis</ref> Umugambi wa firime uzenguruka umukinnyi ukize ninzobere muri korali ifasha abahanga kuvumbura uduce twa korali yabuze ku nkombe za [[Mozambike]].<ref>http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/58/satanskoraal</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Ponie de Wet mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Tessa Laubscher, Gabriel Bayman na Lindea Bosman mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Satanskoraal</ref>.<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2008066712</ref> == Umugambi == * Ponie de Wet nka We wenyine * Tessa Laubscher nka Anita Dumont * Gabriel Bayman nka Gamat Slingers * Lindea Bosman nka Miss Malan * Desmond Varaday nka Boss * Jan Bruyns nka du Plooy * Willie Herbst nka Henchman * Felix Sevell nka Henchman * Peter Chiswell nk'umunyamabanga wa Konseye * Dana Niehaus nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga * Hans Kaniuk nka van Wyk == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] m7oy1ok9drqvyqh0azl9nfjiy4sxsum 0 9465 80404 80322 2021-11-15T15:11:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Great Kimberley Diamond Robbery'''''( '''Die Groot Diamantroof van Kimberley''' )<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2262241/</ref>, na none mu ikinamico nka '''The Star of the South''', ni filime yo mu 1911 yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo y'Abirabura n'umweru byicecekeye iyobowe na RCE Nissen kandi ikorwa na Rufe Naylor muri sosiyete ya Springbok.<ref>http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/news/news-archive/2010/february-2010/640-almost-100-years-old-and-still-rolling-the-history-of-sa-cinema-part-29</ref><ref>https://frankensaurus.com/The_Great_Kimberley_Diamond_Robbery</ref> Iyi niyo filime yambere yikinamico yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo mumateka ya sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo.<ref>http://www.screeningthepast.com/issue-25-special-issue-colonial-africa-on-the-silent-screen-recovering-the-rose-of-rhodesia-1918/in-africa-diamonds-are-forever-from%C2%A0the-great-kimberley-diamond-robbery%C2%A0to%C2%A0blood-diamond/</ref><ref>https://www.news24.com/witness/archive/forgotten-film-20150430</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 4lhkkfyhlz6a9q1pa5mm1m9duyd8hmj 0 9466 80405 80323 2021-11-15T15:14:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Man in die Donker''''' ('''Man in the Dark'''), ni filime yo mu 1962 yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo y'Abirabura n'abazungu Neo-noir iyobowe na Truida Louw Pohl ikaba yarayikoranye na Aletta Gericke<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2180469/</ref>, Truida Louw na Renée van der Walt kuri Trio-Films<ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Trio_Films</ref>. Iyi niyo filime yambere yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo iyobowe numugore mumateka ya sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/The_Great_Kimberley_Diamond_Robbery</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Babs Laker na Dawid van der Walt mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Cor Nortjé, Mathilde Hanekom na Elsa Fouché mu nshingano zabo.<ref>https://www.goldposter.com/movie/10341434/</ref> == abakinnyi == * Babs Laker nka Lydia Beyers * Dawid van der Walt nka Dr. Karel Beyers * Cor Nortjé nka Hendrik Luyt * Mathilde Hanekom nka Tant Ellie * Elsa Fouché nka Helene du Toit * Esmé Euvrard nk'umuvugizi w'ingabo z'agakiza * Douglas Fuchs nka Dr. Jacobs * Frances Holland nka Madamu Maritz * Willie Steyn nka Gerrit Maritz * Charl Engelbrecht * Jaco van der Westhuizen nka Jannie Ghitaar * Heloise van der Merwe * Marita Wessels * Jan Luyt Pohl nkumuririmbyi mukabari * Corrie Myburgh * Billy Pretorius * Kosie Roux * Dirk Engelbrecht * Gertie Scharper nkumukobwa wa Hopscotch == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qwz6a74zt0v63i5centxgqwskkjohqg 0 9467 80407 80406 2021-11-15T15:18:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Majuba: Heuwel van Duiwe''''' '''(Majuba: Hill ya inuma),''' ni filimi yakozwe muri 1968 muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo iyi film iyoborwa na Dawidi Millin afatanyije na Roscoe C. Behrmann na Hyman Kirstein<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0345613/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Roland Robinson, Reinet Maasdorp, na Patrick Mynhardt mu bakinnyi ba mbere hamwe na Siegfried Mynhardt, Anna Neethling-Pohl na Morné Coetzer mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film173292.html</ref>. Filime yatewe inkunga nibyabaye mu Ntambara ya mbere ya Anglo-Boer, Intambara yo ku musozi wa Majuba <ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/876816639</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.movieranker.com/movie/2AUHzpeyvv3Dpwi/Majuba-Heuwel-van-Duiwe</ref>. Filime yumwimerere yo gusohora sinema yakoresheje amasaha agera kuri atatu nyamara abayagurisha baho bagabanije firime kugirango berekane burimunsi kuko yari ikunzwe cyane: verisiyo yagufi ni ibisigaye byose byaciwe mbere kandi amashusho ntiyigeze abikwa<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Majuba%3A+Heuwel+van+Duiwe-1968-669790</ref>.<ref>https://moviefit.me/titles/250468-majuba-heuwel-van-duiwe</ref> == abakinnyi == * Roland Robinson nka Dirk van der Berg * Reinet Maasdorp nka Lena du Toit * Patrick Mynhardt nka Rolf du Toit * Siegfried Mynhardt nka Philippus du Toit * Anna Neethling-Pohl nka Katryn du Toit * Morné Coetzer nka Louis du Toit * James White nka Boetie van der Berg * Tromp Terre'blanche nka Groot Dirk van der Berg * Virgo du Plessis nka Tanta Johanna van der Berg * Thandi Brewer nka Klein Johanna * Francis Coertze nka Tanta Martha * Petrina Fry nka Madamu Brenner * Eric Cordell nka Bwana Brenner * Kerry Jordan nka Col. Philip Anstruther * Pieter Hauptfleisch nka Komanda Frans Joubert * Kamena Neethling nka Stephanie * Morrison Gampu nka Reuter * Hugh Rouse nka Liyetona - Urugi * Anthony James nka Maj. Intang. Sir George Pomeroy Colley * Ian Yule nk'Ubutayu * George Jackson nka Deserter Thomas * Peter Tobin nka Col. Stewart * Willie van Rensburg nka Commandant Smit * Lance Lockhart-Ross nka Maj. Fraser * Lourens Schultz nk'umuyobozi mukuru Piet Joubert * Esmé Euvrard nka Spotter * Adrian Steed nka Thomas Carter, umunyamakuru wintambara * Elizabeth Hamilton nka Edith Colley * Kenneth Baker nka Capt. Lang * Brian Brooke nka Kapiteni - Brennersdorp * Johan du Plooy nka Hans * Jaco van der Westhuizen nka Willem == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] t74y9yfguae9jfk29a7lchiuni9u7mt 0 9468 80408 80325 2021-11-15T15:22:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Fourth Reich''''' ( '''El Cuarto Reich''' ), ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990 iyobowe na Manie van Rensburg ikaba yarayikoranye na Gert Basson, Mark Jaffee, David Selvan, Bill Shapter na Reg Wessels muri Zastron films<ref>https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-1994/3334-white-rage.html</ref><ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-4th-reich/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo itsinda ry’abakinnyi ba [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo, Ryno Hattingh yakinnye nka Robey Leibbrandt . Abakinnyi bashyigikiwe barimo Marius Weyers, Grethe Fox na Percy Sieff. Inkunga nayo yari nyinshi bakina amakinamico yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/bean-to-star-in-4th-reich-war-film-26854933.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/911265113</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima Robey Leibbrandt, umukinnyi w'iteramakofe wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo witabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 1936 yabereye i Berlin. Mugihe mu mikino yakundwaga nabanazi agerageza kumushakira umukozi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/kinema/article/view/880/850</ref>. Leibbrandt yakiriye ingengabitekerezo y'Abanazi, byaje kurangira abaye umukozi wa Abwehr kuri Reich ya gatatu <ref>http://newcelluloid.com/2011/09/03/the-fourth-reich-1990/</ref>. Nkumukozi wa Abwehr, mu 1939 Leibbrandt yayoboye igikorwa cyo guhirika guverinoma [[Afurika y’Epfo|y’Afurika]] yepfo ishyigikiye ubumwe, ndetse no kwica Jenerali Jan Smuts, icyo gihe akaba yari Minisitiri w’intebe w’ubumwe bwa Afurika yepfo<ref>https://lesleymarx.com/manie-van-rensburg-the-fourth-reich/</ref> .The Fourth Reich niyo yakozwe muri firime ihenze cyane mumateka ya sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/manie-van-rensburg/</ref> The Fourth Reich yakinnye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime kandi yakiriwe neza kandi isubirwamo neza.<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1491573%7C0/Manie-Van-Rensburg</ref> == CAST == * Ryno Hattingh nka Robey Leibbrandt * Marius Weyers nka Jan Taillard * Grethe Fox nka Erna Dorfman * Percy Sieff nka Louis Esselen * Elize Cawood nka Romy Taillard * Pierre Knoesen nka Lotere ya Dice * Ian Roberts nka Johannes van der Walt * Marcel van Heerden nka Hendrik Erasimusi * Louis van Niekerk nka General Smuts * James Borthwick nka Sidney Cohen * Keith Grenville nka Pierre van Ryneveld * Sandra Kotzé nka Madamu Leibbrandt * Annabel Linder nka Nadia Cohen * Tertius Meintjes nkumuryango Erasimusi * Ernest Ndlovu nka Sipho * Eric Nobbs nka Hennie Schoeman * Brian O'Shaughnessy nka Major Ellis * Dan Robbertse nka Kalie * Cobus Rossouw nka Dr. Hans van Rensburg * Ron Smerczak nka Jenerali Karlowa * Carel Trichardt nka Meyder Leibbrandt * James White nka Major Hattingh * Christine Basson nkumugore wa Kiosk * Will Bernard nka Barman * Pieter Brand nka Pat Jerling * Kerneels Coertzen nka Van Rensburg burly * Vanessa Cooke nka Wanda Stander * Michael Copley nka Kruger * Crispin De Nuys nka Kapiteni Nissen * Gideon De Wet nkumupolisi * Anton Dekker nka Fourie * Frantz Dobrowsky nka Shelver * Wilson Dunster nka Charlie Vosloo * Ernst Eloff nka Beetge * Annette Engelbrecht nka Ouma Smuts * Bill Flynn nk'umuganga w'iteramakofe * Adrian Galley nka Hansie * Ben Kruger nka Oosthuizen * Greg Latter nka Heckler * Dale Lee nkindorerwamo ya Afrika * Nico Liebenberg nka Sgt Pauley * Patrick Lyster nka Sgt. Spengler * Johan Niemandt nka Wolmarans * Deon Opperman nka Van Rensburg burly * Tjaart Potgieter nka Lahousen * Nicky Rebelo nka Van Rensburg burly * André Rossouw nka Dominee * Robin Smith nka Sgt Meintjes * Wilna Snyman nka Soprano * Wilma Stockenström nka Madamu Engelbrecht * André Stolz nka Saunders * Richard van der Westhuizen nka Hirsh * Jan van Deventer nka Steyn * Pierre van Pletzen nka Hertzog * Eric van Rensburg nk'umucamanza * Herbie Vermuellen nka Michelot * James Whyte nka Snyman * Andereya Worsdale nka Joos Engelbrecht == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] bo2mlg1vwk0m6cf5xfdv6n2sd7p4ake 0 9469 80409 80326 2021-11-15T16:26:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Die Rebellie van Lafras Verwey''''' , ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Simon Barnard ikaba yarayikoranye na Katinka Heyns na Genevieve Hofmeyr muri Sonneblom Films and Moonlighting Films Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Tobie Cronje mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Chantell Phillipus, Neels van Jaarsveld na Cobus Visser mu nshingano zunganira<ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/reviews/die-rebellie-van-lafras-verwey-20170331</ref><ref>https://www.showmax.com/eng/movie/ru4qk4mk-die-rebellie-van-lafras-verwey</ref>,. Iyi filime isobanura ubuzima n'umwuga bya Lafras Verwey wakoze nk'umwanditsi mu bakozi ba Leta muri Pretoriya imyaka mirongo itatu<ref>https://www.moviesite.co.za/2017/0407/die-rebellie-van-lafras-verwey.html</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://clearwatermall.co.za/movie/die-rebellie-van-lafras-verwey/6394</ref> == abakinnyi == * Tobie Cronje nka Lafras Verwey * Chantell Phillipus nka Petra * Neels van Jaarsveld nkumukozi wo gupfa * Cobus Visser nka Louw * Albert Pretorius nka Leon Nell * Brendon Daniels nka George * Duke Motlanthe nka William * Slindile Nodangala nka Eunice Magobe * Albert Maritz nka Seremoniemeester * Marna Gey van Pittius nka Suster * Lionel Newton nka Sersant Chapman * Pietman Geldenhuys nka Henry * Ghapi nkingoma * Dina Fisher nka Sus * Gavin van den Berg nkumuntu by Skyfskietstalletjie == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] i248z2zscp8ulzoq02b9pxn08lz3213 0 9470 80410 80327 2021-11-15T16:30:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Gupfa Storie van Klara Viljee''''' '''(The Story of Klara Viljee),''' ni filimi yasohotse muri 1992 muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo iyoborwa na Katinka Heyns na vyahinguwe n'Ivyabona Chris Barnard kuko Sonneblom Films<ref>https://mubi.com/films/die-storie-van-klara-viljee</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/storie-van-klara-viljee/oclc/699482591</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Anna-Mart van der Merwe mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Regardt van den Bergh, Hennie Oosthuizen na Trix Pienaar mu nshingano zabo<ref>http://vetseun.co.za/anarkans/film/filmdiestorievanklaraviljee.html</ref><ref>https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/kinema/article/view/1311/1712</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima bwa Klara Viljee, umukobwa wo mu mudugudu muto wo kuroba igihe yabuze se n'umukunzi we mu nyanja. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://booksagain.co.za/paljas-die-storie-van-klara-viljee-die-filmdraaiboeke.html</ref><ref>https://networthpost.org/net-worth/katinka-heyns-net-worth/</ref> == abakinnyi == * Anna-Mart van der Merwe nka Klara Viljee * Regardt van den Bergh nka Dawid Aucamp * Hennie Oosthuizen nka Soois de Swardt * Trix Pienaar nka Rose van Tonder * Lida Botha nka Tant Mollie * Wilma Stockenström nka Miss Lissie Sauer * Gavin van den Berg nka Pietman Willemse * Michelle Scott nka Engela Nel * André Rossouw nkumuryango Nel * Sandra Kotzé nka Trynie Nel (nka Sandra Kotze) * Cobus Visser nka Boetie * Lyndsey Yssel nka Tjoeks (Maria) * Goliyati Davids nka Das Pieters * Johan Botha nka Neels * Flip Theron nka Ertjies * Marko van der Colff nka Dons * Nic de Jager nka Vorster * Herman Pretorius nka Strydom * Dicky Claassen nka Jan-Soetland * Danielle Imizi nka Elsebet * Dawie Maritz nka Maansie * Tony de Villiers nka Dirk Benade * Niggie nka Niggie * Liza de Villiers nkumugeni wa Pietman kumafoto (bitemewe) * Elisabeth Umuyaga nka Beatie (utemewe) == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ttl3f6czg03dwj4c9x7mmfm3z9vquzj 0 9471 80411 80328 2021-11-15T16:33:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Debbie''''', ni Sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo yasohotse muri 1965 iyobowe na Elmo De Witt kandi yakozwe na Jamie Uys kuri Jamie Uys Filmproduksies<ref>https://sevencircumstances.com/2019/01/12/the-private-freaky-sensuality-of-childhood-tweespoor-double-track-by-helena-gunter/debbie-1965-afrikaans-film-directed-by-elmo-de-witt/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Suzanne van Oudtshoorn mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Leon le Roux, Gert van den Bergh na Dawid van der Walt mu nshingano zabo.<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/debbie/</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/films/debbie</ref> Filime irazenguruka umukobwa wumwangavu Debbie Malan wagiye mumujyi agasama atashyingiranywe. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/242188-elmo-de-witt</ref><ref>http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/69/debbie</ref> == abakinnyi<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b709ce71c</ref> == * Suzanne van Oudtshoorn nka Debbie Malan * Leon le Roux nka Paul Hugo * Gert van den Bergh nka Dr. Chris Hugo * Dawie van der Walt nka Pieter le Grange * Beryl Gresak nka Tina Hugo * Mynhardt Siegfried Mynhardt nka Bwana Malan * Hettie Uys nka Madamu Malan * Emsie Botha nka Trudi * Sann de Lange nka Hester Schoombie * Cobus Rossouw nka Bennie * Wena Naudé nk'Umugore mu itorero * Cathy Meyers * Johan du Plooy nkumufasha wumucamanza * Kamena Neethling nkumubyeyi urera * Vonk de Ridder nka Johan * Frances Fuchs nka nyirasenge wa Debbie * Robert van Tonder * Deanne de Witt nka Debbie n'umukobwa wa Paul == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qzpe21ykfbso754mraeefplv32puabr 0 9472 80412 80329 2021-11-15T16:38:32Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daryne Joshua''' (wavutse 1992), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3736242/</ref>. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''zamamaye cyane Noem My Skollie'' na ''Ellen: Die storie van Ellen Pakkies'' . Usibye gukora firime, ni n'umugiraneza, umwanditsi, uwashushanyije animasiyo, uwashushanyije amajwi, itangazamakuru n'umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/daryne-joshua/</ref><ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2017/02/15/film/film-content/film-director-speak-daryne-joshua/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira i Cape Town. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Livingstone. Ni umwarimu kuri Sinema n’Ubushakashatsi bwa Sinema muri Cape Peninsula, Kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga<ref>https://www.f6s.com/darynejoshua</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka irindwi, yatangiye gukina muri filimi ngufi . Muri kiriya gihe, yakoze no kugurisha imigani mu inshuti ze muri Bridgetown. Nyuma yaje kwiga muri AFDA, Ishuri ryubukungu bwo guhanga no kubona impamyabumenyi itandukanye<ref>http://www.spla.pro/index.php?page_inc=fiche&type=personnes&no=51044</ref>. Niwe washinze, umwanditsi akaba n'umuyobozi wa Gambit Films yashinze akimara kurangiza. Gambit Films yakoze ikinamico ya mbere ya Afrikaans ya Cape Town, ''Suidooster'' ica kuri DSTV na Kyknet<ref>https://www.tribute.ca/people/daryne-joshua/58785/</ref>. Muri 2016, yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ''Noem My Skollie'' . Filime yatoranijwe nkuwinjiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo muri Filime nziza y’ururimi rw’amahanga mu bihembo bya 89 bya Academy<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2017067630</ref> . Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo bya RapidLion kubera amashusho meza na Filime nziza yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo muri 2017. Intsinzi ya firime, yakoze film ye ya kabiri yerekana ''Ellen: Die storie van Ellen Pakkies''<ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/daryne-joshua/</ref> . Byari bishingiye ku nkuru y'impamo ya Ellen Pakkies<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/daryne-joshua/51044</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi Rotterdam (IFFR) ku ya 27 Mutarama 2018 kandi ryishimiwe cyane. Yasohotse muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo ku ya 7 Nzeri 2018<ref>https://www.programme-tv.net/biographie/513039-joshua-daryne/</ref>. Muri 2018, yanditse inyandiko ya firime ngufi ''nimero 37'' iyobowe na Nosipho Dumisa . Inyandiko yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Afurika yepfo Filime na Televiziyo (SAFTA)<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1686178-daryne-joshua</ref><ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Daryne-Joshua%2C-dir.-Call-Me-Thief-%5BNoem-My-Jacobs/cb8b964133279b78d32bd8d292001d1894709dd6</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''Lost Boys: The Thirst'' |Staff assistant |Home video |- |2016 |''Noem My Skollie'' (Call Me Thief) |Director |Film |- |2018 |''Ellen: Die storie van Ellen Pakkies'' |Director |Film |- |2018 |''Number 37'' |Writer, script |Short films |- |2020 |''Blood & Water'' |Director, writer |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 5ykodyqx76ohfwtaq54qe9xc87zd7cc 0 9473 80413 80330 2021-11-15T16:46:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dirk de Villiers''' (26 Nyakanga 1924 - 28 Ukuboza 2009), yari umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0222562/bio</ref>. Ufatwa nk'umukinnyi wa filime wamamaye cyane na 'Godfather' mu nganda za firime zo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo, de Villiers yakoze filime nyinshi zishimwa cyane mu mwuga umaze imyaka irenga mirongo itandatu<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 1924 mu isambu ya Villieria i Douglas, mu majyaruguru ya Cape, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango ufite barumuna be batanu<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/dirk-de-villiers</ref>. Nyina yapfuye afite imyaka ine naho se ni umuhinzi wakomeje guhinga yarazwe na Cornelius Valkenburg de Villiers. Nyina amaze gupfa, Dirk na murumuna we Niel boherejwe kwa nyirasenge <ref>https://www.amazon.com/PW-Afrikaans-Dirk-Villiers/dp/062402069X</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukurira ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Vaal aho yagiye mu mashuri menshi yo muri Jagersfontein, Marquard na Betelehemu<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/dirk-de-villiers/credits/3030388066/</ref> . Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime Addy kuva 1950 kugeza yahukanye mu 1973. Abashakanye babyaranye abana batanu barimo Gys de Villiers . Gys kandi ni umukinnyi w'icyamamare akaba n'umwanditsi w'amakinamico muri sinema no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo. Yagiranye umubano na Miems Swanepoel imyaka mike kuva 1992.<ref>https://www.thetvdb.com/people/7895508</ref> Ku ya 24 Ukuboza 2009, yahuye n'indwara y'umutima maze yihutira kujya mu bitaro by'Urwibutso rwa Chris Barnard i Cape Town. Icyakora, yapfuye ku ya 28 Ukuboza 2009 afite imyaka 89, azize indwara y'ibihaha no kunanirwa k'umutima.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/dirk-devilliers/m0cj10sd?hl=en</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1942, de Villiers yatangiye gukina amakinamico menshi ya Johannesburg [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]] Amateur Abakinnyi (JAATS). Hanyuma yashinze ishyirahamwe ryamakinamico hamwe na Schalk Theron. Hamwe n'ikinamico, yize ibijyanye n'ubukanishi, aho yaje gukorera ku cyambu cya Cape Town. Hanyuma yagiye i Londres mu masomo y’ubuhanga bwo mu nyanja. Amaze kugaruka, yabaye injeniyeri w'ubwato<ref>https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/</ref>. Yatangiye umwuga wa film nkumukinnyi wa film ''Kruger Millions'' iyobowe na Ivan Hall. Muri filime, yakinnye nk'umuhemu wo mu mutwe wa Cavalier wiyahuye. Yakinnye kandi muri firime ,,, Kniediep, Kruger miljoene en Stadig oor die klippe. ''Tunga niggie yanjye'', ''Kavaliers'' . Yayoboye filime ye yambere ''yumukobwa Jy Is My Liefling'' . Iyi filime yakinnye na Franz Marx mu nshingano ze za mbere na Min Shaw. Nyuma yo gutsinda mubucuruzi muri firime, yakoze firime ''zamamaye, Die Geheim Van Nantes'' . Filime yahinduwe na serivise izwi cyane ya Springbok Radio, ikinwamo amajwi yose. Mu 1968 yakoze firime ye yambere yuzuye, ''You Are My Darling'' kandi ashingwa nkumukinnyi wa firime wabigize umwuga<ref>https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/dirk-de-villiers-1924-2009/</ref>.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307845922_Public_Theology_in_pluralistic_societies_Lessons_from_the_theology_of_Etienne_de_Villiers</ref> Mu 1972, de Villiers yakoze firime ishimishije ''My Broer Se Bril'' . Hanyuma mu 1974, yayoboye filime ebyiri ''Met Liefde Van Adele'' na ''Nyiricyubahiro'' . Hagati aho, mu 1976, yakoze filime ye ya mbere ''yamamaye ku'' ''rwego mpuzamahanga Glenda'' na Die diamantjagters. Mu 1978, yakoze ikinamico ''yerekanwe na euthanasiya yitwa Besluit om te sterf'' . Hagati aho, de Villiers yashinze Roodepoort Amateur Theatre Organisation (RATO). Zimwe muri firime yakunzwe cyane zirimo: ''Geheim van Nantes'', ''Kalahari Harry'', ''Die Spaanse Vlieg'', ''Daan en Doors op die dieggins'', ''Broer se bril'', ''Tant Ralie se losieshuis'', ''Die lewe sonder jou'', ''Die drie Van der Merwes'', ''Met liefde van Adéle'', ''My naam ni Dingetjie'', ''Witblits en Peach Brandy'', ''Dingetjie en Idi'', ''Die wit sluier en Kaalgat tussen bapfa daisies'' .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2032540/characters/nm0222562</ref><ref>https://www.scriling.com/smdb/people/983703/dirk-de-villiers</ref><ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-8pa2lq/witblits-peach-brandy/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1963 |''Huis op Horings'' |Actor: Manie |- |1964 |''Piet my Niggie'' |Actor: Hendrik Tallerman |- |1966 |''Kavaliers'' |Actor: Gen. de Wet |- |1967 |''Kruger Miljoene'' |Actor: van der Lindt |- |1967 |''The Cape Town Affair'' |Actor: Officer at security briefing |- |1967 |''Hoor My Lied'' |Actor: Former patient of Dawid |- |1968 |''Jy is My Liefling'' |Director, writer, Actor: van der Merwe |- |1969 |''Geheim van Nantes'' |Director, screenplay |- |1969 |''Stadig oor die Klippe'' |Actor: Bosman |- |1970 |''Die 3 v.d. Merwes'' |Director |- |1971 |''A New Life'' |Director |- |1972 |''Die Lewe Sonder Jou'' |Director, writer, Actor: Martin |- |1972 |''My Broer se Bril'' |Director, writer |- |1973 |''Die Wit Sluier'' |Director, screenplay, Actor: Dr. Fritz |- |1974 |''Pens en Pootjies'' |Director, executive producer |- |1974 |''La diosa virgen'' |Director, producer, writer, Actor: Flint |- |1974 |''Tant Ralie se Losieshuis'' |Director, Actor: Tommy |- |1974 |''Met Liefde van Adéle'' |Director, producer, story, screenplay |- |1975 |''My Naam is Dingetjie'' |Director, Actor: Mr. Roberts |- |1975 |''The Kingfisher Caper'' |Director, Actor: Les |- |1975 |''Daan en Doors Oppie Dieggins'' |Director, story, screenplay, Actor: Rival digger |- |1976 |''Snake Dancer'' |Director, producer |- |1977 |''Die Ryk Weduwee'' |Director |- |1977 |''Crazy People: 'n Mal Mensdom'' |Director, Actor: Afrikaans narrator |- |1977 |''Dingetjie & Idi'' |Director, producer |- |1978 |''Die Spaanse Vlieg'' |Director |- |1978 |''Decision to Die'' |Director |- |1978 |''Witblits & Peach Brandy'' |Director, screenplay |- |1979 |''Charlie Word 'n Ster'' |Director, screenplay |- |1979 |''Herfsland'' |Actor: Senator Gideon Scheepers |- |1980 |''Nie Vanweë die Duisternis'' |Actor |- |1980 |''April 1980'' |Actor: Gaffie Krige |- |1981 |''Interster'' |Producer |- |1984 |''Jantjie'' |Director |- |1986 |''Suidpunt-Hotel'' |Director |- |1986 |''You Gotta Be Crazy!'' |Director, Actor: Himself |- |1986 |''Ou Grote'' |Director |- |1986 |''Abashokobezi'' |Director |- |1989 |''Cape Rebel'' |Director, producer |- |1990 |''That Englishwoman: An Account of the Life of Emily Hobhouse'' |Director, producer |- |1991 |''Die Allemans'' |Producer |- |1992 |''Arende II: MoordenaarsKaroo'' |Director, producer |- |1993 |''Arende III: Dorsland'' |Director, producer, Actor: Crazy man |- |1994 |''Kalahari Harry'' |Director, producer, screenplay |- |1994 |''[[:en:Arende_(film)|Arende]]'' |Director |- |1996 |''Meeulanders'' |Producer |- |1997 |''Kaalgat Tussen die Daisies'' |Producer, Actor: Kowus Pelzer |- |1999 |''Hunt for the Man in the Moon'' |Producer |- |2001 |''Lied van die Lappop'' |Director, producer |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] nb20m4s0mbcoogrkgse1sa8eqt0ffdk 0 9474 80414 80331 2021-11-15T16:49:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Arende''''', ni Sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo 1994 iyobowe na Dirk de Villiers <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Arende</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Ian Roberts na Gavin van den Berg mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Diane Wilson, Keith Grenville na Percy Sieff mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://mubi.com/films/arende</ref>.<ref>https://www.moviefone.com/movie/arende/ypipj0znWvCNzx8bOigwk6/main/</ref> Iyi filime ivuga ibyerekeranye n’Intambara ya Anglo Boer nubuzima bwumuhinzi wigometse Boer Sloet Steenkamp na Kapiteni wingabo [[Ubwongereza|zUbwongereza]] James Kerwin. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://mubi.com/films/arende</ref><ref>https://filmoria.co.uk/movie-list/arende-mv0176169</ref> == abakinnyi<ref>https://mubi.com/films/arende/cast</ref> == * Ian Roberts nka Sloet Steenkamp * Gavin van den Berg nka Capt. James Kerwin * Brian O'Shaughnessy nka Sgt. Stewart * James White nka Dr. John Moston-Smythe * Keith Grenville nka Guverineri Andrew Wilks * Diane Wilson nka Mary Wilks * Jocelyn Broderick nka Jo-Ann Wilks * Michelle Botes nkumuganwakazi Gobbler * Percy Sieff nka Benny Mentz * Johan Esterhuizen nkibisubizo bya Buks * Libby Daniels nka Annette Steenkamp * Andre Roothman nkuko PJ Igura (nka André Roodtman) * Hennie Oosthuizen nka Komanda Hendrik Keet * Limpie Basson nka Petrus Johnson * Flip Theron nkuko Ibyah. Louw * Albert Maritz nka Rev. Bloemfontein * Gert van Niekerk nka Paul Johnson * Chipi van der Merwe nka Kortgiel Mostert * Kobus Steyn nka Chris Marneweck * Lourens Potgieter nka Danie * David Pieters nka Sam Gobbler * Pieter Sherriff nka Faan * Tim Mahoney nka Jimmy Kitchener * Richard Umuhinzi nka Rev. Patrick Swindle * Gordon van Rooyen nka Col. Miller * Nico de Beer nka Mees Mouton == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 83h9qgo1xdeon5lgfp63bv19l6w7c5x 0 9475 80415 80332 2021-11-15T16:54:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raouf J. Jacob''' (wavutse 1988 muri [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba), ni umukinnyi wa firime, producer akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6200379/</ref>. Jacob azwi cyane kubera filime nyinshi yatsindiye ibihembo muri filime za ''[[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone:'' ''A Culture of Silence''<ref>https://worldwidecinemaframes.com/about-raouf-j_-jacob</ref>. Ni n'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa & Rurema akaba n'uwashinze sitidiyo / filime za Worldwide Cinema Frames LLC hamwe na Global Cinema Film Festival ya Boston (GCFF) yashinze mu 2006.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raouf-j-jacob/m0_xsfbl?hl=en</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/cast/raouf-j-jacob</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakoze filime CRY'','' ''America'', yakoze ubushakashatsi ku byago bibabaje no gukurikira . Yakoze kandi urukurikirane ''a Blind World''<ref>https://www.wickedlocal.com/x211927758/Human-rights-film-shown-Wednesday</ref>''.'' . Uruhererekane rwasesenguye Umunyagitugu w’Abanazi [[Adolf Hitler]] ' Igisubizo cya nyuma cy’ikibazo cy’Abayahudi <ref>https://www.primevideo.com/gp/video/detail/Sierra-Leone-A-Culture-Of-Silence/0IE5I3QQPAEDZOME0JFMN1EFHO/ref=atv_nb_lcl_he_IL?language=he_IL&ie=UTF8</ref>', [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, itsembabwoko rya Darfur muri Sudani, itotezwa ry’umuryango wa Baha'i muri Irani ndetse n’ingoma y’uwahoze ari intwazangabo Pablo Escobar muri [[Kolombiya]].<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Raouf_J_Jacob/1751792</ref> Muri 2014, Jacob yashyize ahagaragara film documentaire '':'' ''A Culture of Silence'' Yabaye umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer, umukinnyi wa cinemateri, umwanditsi hamwe nivanga amajwi ya firime<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>. Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo Filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya New York City 2014, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Boston 2014<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>, ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Roxbury 2014. Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe ku Isoko rya Filime rya Cannes 2014 (Marché du film de Cannes), Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Afurika rya Silicon n'ibindi!<ref>https://www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release/396302/award-winning-documentary-feature-film-a-culture-of-silence-opens-in-boston-at-west-newton-cinema-on-friday-november-14-2014</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Cry, America'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2010 |''In a Blind World'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''A Culture of Silence'' |Director, writer, producer, cinematographer, editor, sound mixer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 301fzpw5hizun0ck0d6tklw67zstv13 0 9476 80416 80333 2021-11-15T16:59:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Survivors''''', ni filime ya documentaire ya [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera Lewone yo muri]] 2018 - iyobowe na Banker White, Anna Fitch<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7512950/</ref>, [[Lansana Mansaray]], na Arthur Pratt. Iyi filime yakozwe n'abayobozi bane ubwabo hamwe na Sara Dosa, Samantha Grant, Justine Nagan, na Chris White<ref>https://www.globalhealthfilm.org/resources/25-survivors-2018</ref>. Iyi filime ikurikira icyorezo cya Ebola gikwirakwira muri [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone cyanduye abantu 8.704 ikica 3.589 n'uburyo intwari za [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone zirandura iki cyorezo.<ref>https://www.amdoc.org/watch/survivors/</ref><ref>https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/book-club/review-survivors-hope-and-resilience-time-ebola</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.tfiny.org/films/detail/survivors</ref>. Iyi filime yatorewe kuba Emmy's Best Social Issue Documentaire mu 2018, ibaye filime ya mbere yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba yakiriye igihembo.<ref>https://www.mirabelpictures.org/stories/2019/4/9/weowntvs-survivors-documentary-earns-nomination-for-2019-peabody-awards-1</ref><ref>https://wheatonwire.com/2019/survivors-documentary-screening/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] n266hqb1xdyacfpcvah6f8qpo7hl900 0 9477 80417 80334 2021-11-15T17:03:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Wako''''', ni Sinema ya [[Uganda]] yasohotse 2015 iyobowe na Zziwa Aaron Alone kandi yafatanije n’umuyobozi ubwe hamwe na Natuhwera Brighton na Wamasebu Eric kuri Zaron Motion Pictures, Brina Motion Pictures na Punchside Filmz<ref>http://artmatters.info/2015/11/situational-ethics-film-premieres-in-kampala/wako-film-by-aaron-alone-zziwa/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201510071228.html</ref>. Nibisobanuro bya firime yambere ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: TUNU'' . Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Geoffrey Echakara mu mwanya wa mbere mu kuyobora hamwe na Natuhwera Brighton, Robert Ernest Bbumba na Zziwa Aaron Alone mu nshingano zabo<ref>http://www.sunrise.ug/life-style/201611/zziwa-strikes-back-with-jobless-millionaires.html</ref>.<ref>https://samuelsaviour.wordpress.com/2015/10/03/award-winning-long-waited-ugandan-movie-wako-finally-premieres/</ref> Iyi filime yafashwe amashusho hagati ya 2014 kugeza hagati ya 2015 mucyaro no mu mijyi ya Kampala. Iyi filime ivuga ku nkuru y’umugizi wa nabi w’igitsina gabo w’imyaka 23 witwa Wako wavuye muri gereza akabahambiriye gutangira ubuzima bushya, ariko yaje kumenya ko mushiki we arwaye kanseri<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/uganda-awards-2016-best-films--1354754</ref>.<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Wako_(film)</ref> firime yagiye ahagaragara binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2016 muri Theatre La'bonita. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Muri 2015, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza cyane mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]]<ref>https://www.filmcontact.com/africa/uganda/zziwa-shooting-ugandan-film-global-scene</ref>.<ref>https://samuelsaviour.wordpress.com/2015/11/11/award-winning-ugandan-gangster-movie-wako-on-for-a-country-tour/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Geoffrey Echakara nka Wako * Natuhwera Brighton nka Sera * Aaron Zziwa nka Kujjo * Robert Ernest Bbumba nka Muggy * Diana Nabatanzi == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] hx3zshqk3ocfi2e7oa9lx4w0jkohfr7 0 9478 80418 80335 2021-11-15T17:10:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Samama Chikly''' (24 Mutarama 1872 - 28 Ukuboza 1934), yari umukinnyi wa firime akaba n'umufotozi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0157418/</ref>. Ufatwa nk'imwe mu nkingi za mbere muri Sinema y'isi, Albert yari umufotozi, umukinnyi wa firime, technophile, adventure, umunyonzi w'amagare akaba n'umupayiniya wa Seventh Art.i.<ref>https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/sezione/albert-samama-chikly-principe-dei-pionieri/</ref><ref>https://www.victorian-cinema.net/samama</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 24 Mutarama 1872 i Tunisi, muri [[Tuniziya]], avukira mu muryango ukize wa [[Tuniziya]] ukomoka mu Bayahudi. Se David Samama, yari umunyamabanki wa Bey washinze ikigo cya banki nyuma gihinduka Banki ya [[Tuniziya]]<ref>https://anttialanenfilmdiary.blogspot.com/2015/06/albert-samama-chikly-prince-of-pioneers.html</ref><ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/programme-albert-samama-chikly,-un-pionnier-du-cinema,n5678505.php</ref>. Nyina yari umugore wo mu rugo. Albert yakomereje amasomo ye hamwe na Charles Lavigerie hanyuma akorana n'Abayezuwiti i Marseille. Yari ingenzi yagiye muri Cape Horn, Ubushinwa na Ositaraliya kenshi ndetse akiri muto. Yakiriye izina rye 'Chikli' mu buvandimwe bw'abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bo ku kirwa cya Chikly, ikirwa gito ku kiyaga cya [[Tuniziya]] <ref>https://www.filmfestivals.com/person/albert_samama_chikly</ref><ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Albert_Samama_Chikly</ref>. Yashakanye na Bianca Ferrero, umugore wavukiye mu [[Butaliyani]] ukomoka i Savoy, wari umucuranzi. <ref>Giulia Echites, [http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2015/07/11/news/chikly-117675443/ "Visionario Chikly, portò il cinema (e la bicicletta) agli africani"] ''la Repubblica'' (11 July 2015).</ref> Abashakanye bari bafite umukobwa umwe Haydée Tamzali . Nyuma yaje kubona ubwenegihugu bw'Ubufaransa maze yinjira mu idini rya Isilamu n'umuryango we.<ref>https://anttialanenfilmdiary.blogspot.com/2015/06/albert-samama-chikly-prince-of-pioneers.html</ref> Albert yapfuye mu 1934 muri [[Tuniziya]] afite imyaka 62 ashyingurwa mu irimbi rya Borgel<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=198512.html</ref>.[[Dosiye:Haydee_Tamzali.jpg|right|thumb| Haydee Tamzali, umukobwa]] == Umurage == Mu 1996, filime ngufi ya biografiya ''Albert Samama Chikli, yafashe amashusho yimashini zisekeje'' yayobowe na Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud mu cyubahiro Albert Samama<ref>http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/photographer/Albert__Samama-Chikli/A/</ref>.<ref>https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/artist/Albert-Samama-Chikli.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1909 |''Brugge en Brussel'' |Director |Documentary |- |1909 |''Antwerpen en Oostende'' |Director |Documentary |- |1922 |''Zohra'' |Director, editor |Short film |- |1924 |''Ain el-Ghezal ou la fille de Carthage'' |Director |Feature film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 11spclrd130e71zgj5br6dfnczrj3yq 0 9479 80420 80419 2021-11-15T17:17:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Amashusho */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sanni Assouma Adjiké''', ni umukinnyi wa firime wa [[Togo]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ngufi ''Le Dilemme d'Eya'' <ref>https://cinemasdafrique.asso.fr/le-dilemme-deya/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1995, Assouma Adjiké yayoboye filimi ngufi ebyiri: ''L'Eau sacree'' na ''Femmes Moba'' <ref>https://dokumen.pub/african-cinema-postcolonial-and-feminist-readings-9780865436978.html</ref>. Yakoze filime ye ngufi ''Le Dilemme d'Eya'' mu 2002. Iyi filime yakozwe na UNESCO ihabwa ibihembo bibiri bidasanzwe by’abacamanza: Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) na Plan International mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO)<ref>http://africultures.com/fespaco-2003-the-onus-on-cinematic-creation-5672/</ref><ref>https://www.yumpu.com/fr/document/view/37958339/luemoa-et-le-fespaco-izf</ref>. Muri Gicurasi 2003, filime yatoranijwe kugirango yerekanwe mu nama mpuzamahanga ya televiziyo ya Leta (INPUT)<ref>https://ininet.org/implementation.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1992 | ''L'Eau potable d'Anazive'' | Umuyobozi | Filime |- | 1993 | ''Le Savon de l'espoir'' | Umuyobozi | Filime |- | 1993 | ''Vivre du poisson'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko |- | 1995 | ''L'Eau sacrée'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 1995 | ''Femmes Moba'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2002 | ''Le Dilemme d'Eya'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2006 | ''Nyo Deal au Togo'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 | ''Déráyò Arúgbó'' | Umwanditsi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 194290klzjnk1wwnewf7t99ku06x45w 0 9480 80421 80337 2021-11-15T17:42:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Fatuma''''' (mu ikinamico nka '''''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Fatuma''''' ), ni Filime yikinamico yo muri [[Tanzaniya]] 2018 iyobowe na Yorodani Riber kandi ikaba yarakozwe n’umuyobozi ubwe hamwe n’ababyeyi be; John Riber na Louise Riber<ref>https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/08/27/usaid-tanzania-supported-film-kumekucha-fatuma-wins-top-swahili-awards-at-2018-zanzibar-film-festival/</ref>.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8329296/</ref> Nibisobanuro bya firime yambere ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: TUNU'' . Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Beatrice Taisamo mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Ayoub Bombwe na Cathryn Credo mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/hadithi-za-kumekucha-fatuma/</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima bwo mu cyaro bw’umugore n’umukobwa we aho ahura n’ibibazo byinshi iyo umugabo abangamiye ubuzima bwumukobwa we. Yafatiwe amashusho mu karere ka Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Iyi filime kandi yayobowe na radiyo 'Kumekucha' yanyuze muri [[Tanzaniya]] muri 2016 na 2017<ref>https://mubi.com/films/fatuma</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://staffmeup.com/profile/jordanriber</ref>. Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo bine mu cyiciro cyihariye cya Filime z'Igiswahiri mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Zanzibar 2018 ryerekana amashusho meza<ref>https://www.justdial.com/streaming/watch-movies-online/Hadithi-za-Kumekucha-Fatuma/1594229936744</ref>, Umukinnyi mwiza, Umuyobozi mwiza, na Sinema nziza. Umukinnyi wa filime Catherine Credo yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza naho Jordan Riber yegukana igihembo cyumuyobozi mwiza<ref>https://chicagoreader.com/film/fatuma/</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmhuisdenhaag.nl/agenda/event/fatuma</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Beatrice Taisamo nka Fatuma * Ayoub Bombwe nka Manyusi * Cathryn Credo nka Neema == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3ro5gewlt6oh89qs48omlfkyr8txlp8 0 9481 80422 80338 2021-11-15T17:53:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thembi Mtshali-Jones''' (yavutse 7 Ugushyingo 1949), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]]<ref>https://briefly.co.za/38595-thembi-mtshali-biography-age-children-family-tv-shows-movies-songs-albums-record-label-nominations-instagram.html</ref> . Ufatwa nk'umwe mu bahanzi bazwi cyane muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo, Thembi azwiho kuba afite uruhare mu biganiro byinshi bya televiziyo bizwi cyane nka ''Sgudi 'Snaysi'', ''Stokvel'', ''Umutangabuhamya'' ''ucecetse'' na Imbewu.<ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/Advice/veteren-actress-thembi-mtshali-jones-on-the-pain-of-losing-her-husband-i-miss-him-so-much-20191101</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi uzwi cyane, umwanditsi w'amakinamico akaba n'umuhanzi wungirije ushinzwe kwigisha muri Global Arts Corps muri Kosovo ndetse n'umutoza muri Kamboje.<ref>https://karavanpress.com/tag/thembi-mtshali-jones/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 7 Ugushyingo 1949 i Sabhoza, umudugudu uri hafi ya Ulundi, Durban, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo .<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/thembi-mtshali-jones/credits/3000521956/</ref> Ababyeyi be baratandukanye nyuma gato yo kuvuka kwe. Nyuma yaje gukurira mu mujyi wa KwaMashu aho yarangirije amashuri ye. Mu gihe cy’ishuri, yarasamye bityo ahatirwa kuva ku ishuri.<ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2017-04-07-thembi-mtshali-smiles-through-the-pain-of-loss/</ref> Mu 1998, yigaga muri kaminuza ya Gallaudet i Washington DC, muri [[Amerika]] nyuma aza muri kaminuza ya Louisville, muri Amerika mu 2004. Umusanzu mu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi, yagizwe umuturage w'icyubahiro wa Louisville na Meya maze ahabwa amajwi yo gushimira na Sena ya Kentucky <ref>https://act.org.za/2015/11/thembi-mtshali-jones-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-for-theatre/</ref>. Nyuma guverineri wa Kentucky yamuhaye izina rya Cyubahiro Kentucky Colonel, icyubahiro cyinshi muri Kentucky<ref>https://savannanews.com/thembi-mtshali-biography-age-husband-children-louisville-honorary-citizenship-tv-shows-movies-songs-albums-awards-nominations-net-worth-imbewu/</ref>. == Umwuga == ''Impano'' ye yo gukina yavumbuwe na Welcome Msomi aho Thembi yakoreye muri Umabatha yumwimerere. Nyuma yinjiye muri 'Musical Ipi Tombi', maze aba umugore wambere nka 'Mama Tembu'. Yakoze ingendo mpuzamahanga nyinshi zirimo West End na Broadway<ref>https://briefly.co.za/38595-thembi-mtshali-biography-age-children-family-tv-shows-movies-songs-albums-record-label-nominations-instagram.html</ref> . Nyuma yaje kujya muri [[Amerika]] kuzamura umwuga we wa muzika aho yahuye nabacuranzi bakunzwe Hugh Masekela na Miriam Makeba .<ref>https://globalartscorps.org/who-we-are/team/thembi-mtshali-jones</ref> Bazengurutse u Burayi na [[Afurika]] imyaka myinshi. Mu 1987, Thembi yagarutse muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo yinjira mu Isoko ry'ikinamico. Ku ikinamico, yabonye amahirwe yo gukorana na Janice Honeyman muri Black Follies.<ref>https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/thembi-mtshali-jones-129/</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2019, Thembi yahawe igihembo cyitwa The Living Legend Award mu iserukiramuco ry’amakinamico ry’abirabura ryabereye muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, muri [[Amerika]] kugira ngo atandukanye serivisi yakoreye sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo<ref>https://www.actorspaces.co.za/index.php/2019/07/18/ma-thembi-mtshali-jones-honoured-living-legend-award-north-carolina/</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye mu bicuruzwa byamamaye cyane ''Mama kuri Mama'' mu iserukiramuco ry’imikino ry’abirabura. Ikinamico yari ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Sindiwe Magona <ref>http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/368365/sindiwe-magona-tells-thembi-mtshali-jones-remarklable-life-story-in-new-book</ref>. Nyuma Magona yanditse igitabo kivuga ku mibereho 'Theatre Road: Inkuru yanjye ni inkuru ishishikaje ya Thembi Mtshali-Jones', yasohotse kugira ngo ihure n'imyaka 70 ya Mtshali-Jones<ref>https://act.org.za/2015/11/thembi-mtshali-jones-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-for-theatre/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1986 |''Sgudi 'Snaysi'' |Thoko |TV series |- |1988 |''Mapantsula'' |Pat |Film |- |2002 |''Stokvel'' |Hazel |TV series |- |2003 |''The Wooden Camera'' |Madiba's Mother |Film |- |2004 |''In My Country'' |Lizzie |Film |- |2004 |''Cape of Good Hope'' |Ms. Silemeni |Film |- |2010 |''Silent Witness'' |Zali Silongo |TV series |- |2010 |''Themba'' |Sister Princess |Film |- |2011 |''Buschpiloten küsst man nicht'' |N'Nanga |TV movie |- |2012 |''Copposites'' |Constance Ralapele |Film |- |2013 |''Weit hinter dem Horizont'' |Desi |TV movie |- |2014 |''Konfetti'' |Lerato Cwele |Film |- |2015 |''While You Weren't Looking'' |Shado's Gogo |Film |- |2015 |''Bleeding Gospel'' |Theresa |Short film |- |2018 |''Imbewu'' |MaNdlovu Bhengu |TV series |- |2019 |''Mother to Mother'' |Mother |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] s6c5ew1ve0xl2i0fcox8u1m3pfhbe07 0 9482 80423 80339 2021-11-15T17:59:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Tajouj''''', ni filime y’urukundo rw’amateka ya Sudani yo mu 1977 iyobowe na Gadalla Gubara <ref>https://mubi.com/films/tajouj</ref>. niyo filime yambere yerekana ishusho ya filimi muri [[Sudani]]<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ie/film244775.html</ref>. Ivuga ku nkuru itangaje ivuga ku rukundo rudashimishije rw’abakunzi babiri bagana intwari, yashyizwe mu cyaro cya [[Sudani]] y’iburasirazuba, ikanagaragaza umukinnyi uzwi cyane Salah bin Albadya<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3429942/</ref>. Ifatwa nka imwe muri firime nziza muri cinema nyafurika.<ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/movie?id=1dbd852d-1720-476d-bf25-6da72d603270</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza nabayinenga. Iyi filime yatsindiye Sitati ya Nefertiti, igihembo kinini cya Egiputa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Cairo mu 1982, inegukana ibihembo mu birori bya firime byabereye muri Alegizandiriya, [[Ouagadougou]], Tehran, Addis [[Ababa]], [[Berlin]], Moscou, Cannes na Carthage<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201209160219.html</ref><ref>https://www.xyz.ng/en/people/gadalla-gubara-31780</ref><ref>https://cs.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/tajouj-100503533/actors</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] g62abxrkwoxmc0iaaorxxp466one5o7 0 9483 80424 80340 2021-11-15T18:06:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xolile Tshabalala''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Mata 1977) ni umukinnyi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://briefly.co.za/35945-xolile-tshabalala-biography-age-baby-husband-actress-generations-pictures-instagram.html</ref>. Azwiho uruhare muri serivise nyinshi za tereviziyo zizwi cyane zirimo ''4Play:Sex Tips for Girls'', ''Secrets & Scandals'', ''Blood & Water'' and ''Housekeepers''.<ref>https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actress/the-biography-of-xolile-tshabalalay/</ref><ref>https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Vrede, muri Leta y'Ubuntu.  Yiswe na nyirakuru ubyara se. Yarangije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhanzi afite icyubahiro ndetse na 'Best Performer Performer<ref>https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/</ref>'. == Umwuga == Mu masomo ye mu ishuri ry’igihugu, Xolile yagize amahirwe yo gukina na Thembi Mtshali-Jones, ari naho yamubereye umujyanama<ref>https://www.kaya959.co.za/xolile-tshabalala-politicians-are-using-us-to-shoot-targets-for-their-own-gains/</ref>. Bakinnye hamwe mu ikinamico ''Crucible'' yerekanwe ku Isoko ry'Isoko . Uyu mukinnyi wa filime nawe yakinnye<ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/actress-xolile-tshabalala-on-her-latest-role-and-life-in-lockdown-20200724</ref>. Yakinnye kandi mubikorwa byinshi bya Televiziyo nka, na Soul City season 7, aho yakinnye mushiki we Zama. Ntabwo bigarukira gusa kuri ecran , Xolile yakinnye kandi mumikino itandukanye irimo "Undi Mwana".<ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2021-09-17-xolile-tshabalala-is-fit-for-purpose-thanks-to-granddad/</ref><ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51385</ref> Mu 2005, yafashe ikiruhuko cyo gukina. Nyuma yagiye muri [[Amerika]] kwitabira ishuri rya Filime rya New York .<ref>https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/</ref> Yagarutse muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo mu mwaka wa 2010 akina 'Noma' muri televiziyo ya ''4Play: Sex Tips for Girls.'' Hanyuma yakinnye cyane yerekana 'Mandi Mbalula' muri serial ''Fallen'', ikinamico yo mu 2011. Muri 2013, Xolile yagaragaye nka 'Gugu' muri ''High Rollers'' yacaga kuri SABC 3<ref>http://www.philmphelablog.com/2017/02/xolile-tshabalala-makes-tv-comeback.html</ref>.<ref>https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/</ref><ref>https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2002 |''Generations'' |Julia Montene |TV series |- |2005 |''Rift'' | |Video short |- |2007 |''NCIS'' |Sayda Zuri |TV series |- |2007 |''90 Plein Street'' |Precious |TV series |- |2007 |''Jacob's Cross'' |Busi |TV series |- |2007 |''Rhythm City'' |Stella |TV series |- |2008 |''Hard Copy'' |Teacher |TV series |- |2008 |''Sokhulu & Partners'' |Nosipho Nokwe |TV series |- |2010 |''4Play: Sex Tips for Girls'' |Noma |TV series |- |2010 |''Intersexions'' |Doctor |TV series |- |2011 |''Fallen'' |Mandi Mbalula |TV series |- |2011 |''[[:en:Muvhango|Muvhango]]'' |Senamile |TV series |- |2013 |''High Roller'' |Gugu Mogale |TV series |- |2014 |''Kota Life Crisis'' |Hlengiwe |TV series |- |2014 |''Soul City'' |Sister Zama |TV series |- |2015 |''Rise'' |Fezeka Dlamini |TV series |- |2017 |''Miraculous Weapons'' |Lesedi, producer |Film |- |2017 |''Secrets & Scandals'' |Felicia Okpara |TV series |- |2018 |''Ingozi'' |Angela Ndamase |TV series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Blood_&_Water_(South_African_TV_series)|Blood & Water]]'' |Nwabisa Bhele |TV series |- |2020 |''Housekeepers'' |Noluthando Ngubane |TV series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] c5rdvd2g1pgohugz3ykxt0nglyavnqm 0 9484 80425 80341 2021-11-15T18:10:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Winnie''''', ni filime yerekana ubuzima bwa Sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo yasohotse muri 2017 yayobowe na Pascale Lamche ikanakorwa na Christoph Jörg na Steven Markovitz kuri Pumpernickel Films, Submarine Films, Big World Cinema<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6333082/</ref><ref>https://www.sundance.org/projects/winnie</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima bwa Winnie Madikizela-Mandela n'urugamba rwe adacogora rwo gukuraho Apartheid muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo. <ref>https://africa.film/winnie-a-pascale-lamche-documentary/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe mu rwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu 2019.<ref>https://www.filmplatform.net/product/winnie/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Lamche yatsindiye igihembo cy'umuyobozi mwiza wa documentaire mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance . Yatowe kandi muri Afurika Movie Academy Awards ibihembo bya Documentaire nziza<ref>https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/winnie/</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/winnie/oclc/989980158</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Winnie Madikizela-Mandela * Anné-Mariè Bezdrop - umwanditsi wa 'Winnie Mandela: Ubuzima' * Zindzi Mandela - umukobwa wa Winnie Madikizela-Mandela na Nelson Mandela * Sophie Mokoena - umwanditsi mukuru wa politiki, ikigo cyo gutangaza amakuru muri Afurika y'Epfo * Norah Moahloli - utuye Brandfort * Anton Harber - wahoze ari umuyobozi w'ikinyamakuru Mail * Dali Mpofu - umunyamategeko * Vic McPherson - wahoze ari ishami ry’umutekano muri Polisi y’Afurika yepfo * Niel Barnard - wahoze ayobora ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iperereza muri Afurika yepfo * Teboho Murdoch * Nelson Mandela - (amashusho yububiko) * George Bizos - umunyamategeko * Henk Heslinga - wahoze ari umuyobozi wa polisi * Ishmael Semenya == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 9p3m4twp5srjl2eejo735ea0yjfm33e 0 9485 80426 80342 2021-11-15T18:19:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pascale Lamche''' (yavutse Nyakanga 1960), ni [[Ubufaransa|Umufaransa]] -Umukinnyi wa firime [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1088150/</ref>. Azwi nk'umuyobozi wa firime nyinshi zizwi cyane harimo ''Stalingrad'', ''Black Diamond'', ''Pakisitani Zindabad'', ''Ubwiza bw'Abafaransa'', ''Ushinjwa # 1: Nelson Mandela'', ''Sophiatown'' na ''Winnie''<ref>https://africa.film/winnie-a-pascale-lamche-documentary/</ref> . Usibye gukora firime, ni na producer, umwanditsi akaba n'umukinnyi wa sinema.<ref>https://womensmediacenter.com/profile/pascale-lamche</ref> == Umwuga == Yabonye icyiciro cya mbere cyicyubahiro BA impamyabumenyi yamateka ya none yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Sussex na Sorbonne .<ref>https://dokincubator.net/3rd-workshop-session-2021/</ref> Yatangiye umwuga wa firime i Londere mu kigo cyigenga cya firime, Cinema Action, akora mu kigega cy’iburayi cyandika mu 1989<ref>https://www.theelephant.info/features/2018/06/14/mother-of-the-nation-saint-and-sinner/</ref>. Icyakora, nyuma yaje kwimukira i Paris gushinga ICONE, umushinga wo gukorana na firime na televiziyo. Yagize amahirwe yo gukorera i Londere na Paris nk'umuproducer n'umuyobozi wigenga<ref>https://womensmediacenter.com/profile/pascale-lamche#:~:text=Pascale%20Lamche%20is%20an%20award,down%20Apartheid%20in%20South%20Africa.</ref>. Aherekeza hamwe na societe ''ntoya'' yo gukora documentaire. Nyuma yinjiye muri 'La Cie Phares et Balises' maze aba umuyobozi wa International Co-Productions for Kamera Continentales<ref>https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/director-of-winnie-documentary-believes-her-film-has-sparked-important-discussions-20180416</ref>. Muri 2017, yakoze filime documentaire ''Winnie'', ivuga ku buzima bwa Winnie Madikizela-Mandela n'urugamba rwe rwo gusenya Apartheid muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu rwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu 2019.<ref>https://cambridgegirltalk.com/2018/01/12/feminist-filmmaking-and-winnie-a-conversation-with-pascale-lamche/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umuyobozi mwiza wa documentaire mpuzamahanga muri Sundance Festival<ref>https://www.sundance.org/projects/winnie</ref> . Muri Mata 2018, Lamche yasobanuye ko uwahoze ari minisitiri w’umutekano n’umutekano Sydney Mufamadi mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru<ref>https://alt-africa.com/2018/02/18/interview-with-director-pascale-lamche-winnie-2016/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film |- |1997 |''Bookmark'' |- |1998 |''Undressed: Fashion in the Twentieth Century'' |- |2001 |''Fashion Victim: The Killing of Gianni Versace'' |- |2000 |''Waiting for Harvey: A Beginner's Guide to Cannes'' |- |2002 |''The King of Communism: The Pomp & Pageantry of Nicolae Ceausescu'' |- |2002 |''Great Performances'' |- |2003 |''Sophiatown'' |- |2004 |''Accused #1: Nelson Mandela'' |- |2005 |''French Beauty'' |- |2006 |''L'art et la manière'' |- |2007 |''Pakistan zindabad: Longue vie au Pakistan'' |- |2010 |''Black Diamond'' |- |2015 |''Stalingrad: Plus un pas en arrière'' |- |2017 |''Winnie'' |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] n37q1wn29f51qhsd84mowkcmanm24sq 0 9486 83372 82314 2022-05-12T10:20:55Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jeanne_d’Arc_Mujawamariya_2014.jpg|thumb| Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya muri 2014]] '''Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1970, avukira i [[Kigali]] ) ni [[Rwanda|umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda]],<ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/jeanne-darc-mujawamariya</ref> kuri ubu akaba ari Minisitiri w’ibidukikije . Yahoze ari Minisitiri w’Uburezi (mu buryo busanzwe, Minisitiri w’Uburezi, Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’ubushakashatsi) muri guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Uburusiya|Burusiya]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/887318</ref> . == Umwuga wa politiki == Kuva mu 2003 kugeza 2006, yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye muri guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] maze mu 2005 aba umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri makuru muri minisiteri imwe. Kuva mu 2006-Werurwe 2008, yabaye Minisitiri w’uburezi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87855</ref>. Muri Mutarama 2008, Mujawamariya yitabye komisiyo y'inteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]] ikora iperereza ku gukomeza "ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside" mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/2110</ref>. Abadepite benshi bari muri iyo komisiyo banenze Mujawamariya na Joseph Murekeraho, umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye, kubera ko bafashe ibihano bidahagije ku barimu ndetse n'abashinzwe gutegura integanyanyigisho bakwirakwiza [[Abatutsi|imyumvire yo kurwanya abatutsi]] mu mashuri. Muri Werurwe 2008, Mujawamariya yagiye kuba Minisitiri mu biro bya Minisitiri w’intebe ushinzwe uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango, uyu mwanya yari afite kugeza muri Werurwe 2011 ubwo yabaga umuyobozi wungirije / umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga cya Kigali kizwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/fourth-annual-childrens-summit-addresses-lingering-effects-genocide-rwanda</ref>. . Mujawamariya yari ku buyobozi bw'ikigo kugeza ku ya 1 Werurwe 2013, ubwo yagenwaga na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]] kuba ambasaderi mu [[Uburusiya|Burusiya]] . Ugushyingo 2019, yabaye Minisitiri w’ibidukikije. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-names-new-cabinet-ministers Kagame names new cabinet ministers]</ref> == Amasomo == Mujawamariya yabonye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye muri [[:en:Peoples'_Friendship_University_of_Russia|Peoples' Friendship University of Russia]] maze mu 1997 ahabwa impamyabumenyi y’ubumenyi muri chimie yakuye muri kaminuza imwe. Yakomeje kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri chimie na physics mu 2001. Arubatse, afite abana batatu n'umugabo we. Azi neza [[Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] n'Ikirusiya. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] axfdpobi3msce40uspomh8t1d1g7ol9 0 9487 80536 80483 2021-11-18T14:10:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added wiki links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Rose Mureshyankwano''' (wavutse 1968) ni umunyapolitikikazi wo mu [[Rwanda]]. Yabaye umudepite kuva 2005 kugeza 2016. Kuva mu 2019 yabaye umwe mu bagize Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], atorerwa kuba Senateri mu uhagararaiye [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|iNtara y'Iburengerazuba]] . <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=188 Senators Profiles: Details], parliament.gov.rw. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] kup7n49syxmaa191ikow770xuiwyl02 0 9488 80540 80537 2021-11-18T14:39:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cécile Murumunawabo''' Yavutse 1968 akaba ari umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":0">http://www.imbutofoundation.org/who-we-are/our-board/article/honourable-cecile-murumunawabo</ref>. Yatorewe kuba mu mutwe w’abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda]] mu 2013<ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/members-of-the-chamber-of-deputies-rwanda</ref>. Ni umunyamuryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), uhagarariye [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] akaba n'umunyamabanga wa kongere y'abagore ba FPR<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/91658</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Murumunawabo yavutse 1968 kandi afite Masters mubyigisho byiterambere<ref name=":0" />. == Umwuga == Murumunawabo ni umwe mu bagize urugaga rwo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|gukunda igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] (FPR) kandi yatorewe kuba Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 2013<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/tugomba-kwirinda-tukanarwanya-imvugo-zisesereza-abarokotse-jenoside-depite-murumunawabo</ref>. Mbere, yakoraga mu biro bya Madamu wa Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2013, Murumunawabo yagizwe umunyamabanga wa kongere y’abagore ya FPR<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/kacyiru-abanyamuryango-bashya-ba-fpr-inkotanyi-basabwe-kwitwararika</ref>. Yongeye gutorerwa kuba umunyamabanga muri 2019 n'amajwi 85.3 ku ijana<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/11/rpf-elects-women-leaders/</ref>. == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 70eddjc47qcjki4ypzj57hkac1og7q7 0 9489 80541 80435 2021-11-18T15:01:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Espérance Nyirasafari''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], akaba umwe muri ba Visi Perezida ba Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], guhera ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Yashyizweho muri Sena na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]], ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-who-new-senate</ref>. [[Dosiye:Espérance Nyirasafari 2013-07-01 (35426418905) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Espérance Nyirasafari]] Mbere yibyo, yabaye [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|minisitiri]] muri Minisiteri ya Siporo n’umuco, kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, kugeza ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85878/minisitiri-nyirasafari-esperance-yakiriye-mu-biro-bye-miss-iradukunda-liliane-ugiye-kwitab-85878.html</ref>. Mbere yibyo, kuva 5 Ukwakira 2016 kugeza 18 Ukwakira 2018, yari Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/nyirasafari-raises-red-flag-over-increasing-teenage-pregnancies</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Espérance yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku babyeyi babanyarwanda; bombi bishwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, akiri muto<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3679&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=3e5ed2fc3b1e62f38ca97aa432a1f3d3</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 2009, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’ubutabera mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201105130229.html</ref>. , ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2016, bivugwa ko yari umwe mu bagize [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/esperance-nyirasafari</ref>. Yasimbuye [[Diane Gashumba]] aba minisitiri muri Migeprof, wabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Espérance Nyirasafari yagumanye inshingano ze muri Migeprof<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/214047</ref>. Nka minisitiri ashyigikiye kubahana hagati y’abashakanye kugira ngo bateze imbere umuryango<ref>https://rwanda.unfpa.org/en/news/gender-equality-human-right-%E2%80%93-celebrating-women%E2%80%99s-day</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, Espérance Nyirasafari yagizwe Minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=9083&cHash=eab184d32afbce78a24ccea469263161</ref>. Yinjiye muri guverinoma ivuguruye ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 bakagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ni abagore 50%, ikora u [[Rwanda]], hamwe na [[Etiyopiya]], ibihugu bibiri bya [[Afurika]] byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabo<ref>https://www.migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/honorable-solina-nyirahabimana-sworn-in-as-new-gender-and-family-promotion-minister</ref>. == Umuntu ku giti cye == Espérance Nyirasafari numubyeyi wubatse. [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] kepl65ishwncpppy4rcz013byitv7k7 0 9490 80542 80436 2021-11-18T15:11:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pélagie Uwera''' (wavutse 1974) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]], kuva mu 2019 akaba umwe mu bagize Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], atorerwa kuba Senateri uhagarariye [[Intara y'amajyepfo|iNtara y'Amajyepfo]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-fresh-bid-tackle-teenage-pregnancies</ref>. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=176 Senators Profiles: Details], parliament.gov.rw. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> == Umwuga == Pélagie Uwera yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bw'imibereho n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bushakashatsi bwiterambere yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya [[Kigali]] <ref>https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/63870495/1/pelagie-uwera.html</ref>. Kuva mu 1998 kugeza 2009 yari umwarimu w'ishuri ryisumbuye<ref>ⓘ Encyclopedia - Pelagie Uwera - east african legislative assembly. Pelagi (shops-net.com)</ref>. Kuva 2012 kugeza 2019 Uwera yari Komiseri wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe amatora mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibigo-bya-leta-birakangurirwa-kwandika-amateka-ya-jenoside-kugira-ngo</ref> . <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=135&width=650&detailId=176 Senators Profiles: Details], parliament.gov.rw. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Umwe mu bagize Komisiyo barindwi, yabaye indorerezi ya Commonwealth mu matora rusange ya Botswana 2014 . Muri 2018 yongeye kuba indorerezi ya Commonwealth mu matora rusange ya [[Siyera Lewone]] ya 2018 . <ref>[https://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/inline/COGstatementSierraLeoneFeb2018.pdf Statement announcing the COG observers for Sierra Leone elections], February 19, 2018. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Muri 2015 yahataniraga itike y'Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije nk'umukandida mu Nteko ishinga amategeko umutwe [[Afurika|w'Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba, ariko yatsinzwe na Francois Xavier Kalinda . <ref>James Karuhanga, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/192473 Varsity don elected to EALA], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', September 12, 2015.</ref> Mu bakandida 23 bo mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu matora y’Abasenateri 2019, <ref>Hudson Kuteesa, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/63-candidates-vie-senate 63 candidates to viw for senate], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', August 17, 2019. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Uwera yari umwe mu bakandida batatu batorewe guhagararira Intara. <ref>Nasra Bishumba, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/men-dominate-senatorial-provincial-seats Men dominate senatorial provincial seats], ''The New Times'', September 17, 2019. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Mu Kwakira 2019, yatorewe gukorera muri komite ishinzwe imyitwarire ya senateri, nk'umuyobozi wungirije wa Chrysologue Karangwa . <ref>Nasra Bishumba, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-sets-new-standing-committees Senate sets up new standing committees], ''The New Times'', October 30, 2019. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2019, Uwera na senateri John Bonds Bideri batowe nta guhatanira guhagararira u [[Rwanda]] mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afrika . <ref>Emmanuel Ntirenganya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senators-uwera-bideri-represent-rwanda-pan-african-parliament Senators Uwera, Bideri to represent Rwanda in the Pan-African Parliament], ''The New Times'', November 14, 2019.</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] mpbela67615bqize6ywoh05qrb3ws89 0 9491 80545 80544 2021-11-18T15:24:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Médiatrice Ahishakiye''' (yavutse 1978) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] , ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]]<ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/members-of-the-chamber-of-deputies-rwanda</ref><ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Amakuru-anyuranye/article/Abadepite-basanze-no-muri-secondaire-hari-abanyeshuri-batazi-gusoma-Ikinyarwanda</ref> .Ahishakiye ahagarariye [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] naho akarere ke ni [[Akarere ka Huye]] . <ref name=":0">https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=364</ref> Ahishakiye mbere yakoraga nk'umwarimu, umwarimu mukuru, umunyamabanga w'inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Gisagara]], ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize njyanama y'[[akarere ka Gisagara]].<ref>http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/article/nyarugenge-abadepite-bakoranye</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite yo mu 2018, Ahishakiye yatorewe kuba mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://ibisigo.com/umwarimukazi-yagaragaje-ko-hari-ibitabo-bakoresha-birimo-amakosa-adatahurwa-nubonetse-wese</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] mxmmcuywxvlrwf8sicuwcq7tbetn1sh 0 9492 80546 80438 2021-11-18T15:35:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Speciose Ayinkamiye''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda]], kuri ubu akaba ari umwe mu bagize umutwe w’abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles</ref> . Ayinkamiye ahagarariye [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] kandi akomoka mu Akarere ka Rubavu<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88953/rubavu-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka25-cyatangirijwe-mu-murenge-wa-busasamana-ahiciwe-abasaga-300--88953.html</ref>. Kuva 2000 kugeza 2001, Ayinkamiye yari umwarimu. Kuva mu 2002 kugeza 2018, yakoraga mu myanya itandukanye mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]]: Umwanditsi wa Hansard (2002–2009), umwanditsi wa komite (2009–2014), n'umushinga w'amategeko (2014-2018). Muri Nzeri 2018, Ayinkamiye yatorewe kuba mu mutwe w'Abadepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Speciose_Ayinkamiye</ref>. Ayinkamiye ari mubuyobozi bwa KCB Bank Rwanda Limited<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=2236&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=c21e80087801736309a3a91e5a7e9d24</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] thifu53gv3z8iq75tfilkx5ee9l8o67 0 9493 82319 80998 2022-03-20T08:39:49Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alvera MUKABARAMBA''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] kuwa '''9 Werurwe 1960''', ni '''umuganga w'abana''' ndetse akaba n''''umunyapolitike''' kuva mu mwaka '''1999''' kurubu atuye mu murwa mukuru wa '''[[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>'''.''' == AMASHURI YIZE == '''Hon. Alvera Mukabaramba''' afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (Doctorate) mu buganga yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[:en:First_Pavlov_State_Medical_University_of_St._Petersburg|First Pavlov State Medical University]]<ref>https://www.celebsagewiki.com/alvera-mukabaramba</ref>, iri mu mujyi wa [[:en:Saint_Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] mu igihugu cy' [[Uburusiya]]<ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Alvera_Mukabaramba</ref>. Ni inzobere mu ubuganga no kwita k'umikurire y' abana (PhD in [[:en:Pediatrics|pediatrics]]) ndetse kaminuza yamuhembye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (doctorate) muri Philosophy<ref>https://celebsbirthdaytoday.com/alvera-mukabaramba/</ref>. == AKAZI (UMWUGA) == '''Hon. Alvera Mukabaramba''' yinjiye muri politic y'u [[Rwanda]] mu 1999, icyo gihe yari abaye umwe mubagize inteko y'inzibacyuho y'ighugu (National Transitional Assembly) kugera mu mwaka wa 2003<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>. Kuva muri uwo mwaka wa 2003 kugera mu kwezi k' ukwakira 2011, yari umusenateri mu inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda ( '''Rwanda's bicameral parliament''')<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref>. Kuva tariki ya 10 Ukwakira 2011 yagizwe minisitiri wa leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza n'iterambere muri minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'ibanze ( '''Ministry of local government''') aho yari asimbuye [[:en:Christine_Nyatanyi|Chrisitne Nyatanyi]] wari umuze kwitaba Imana mu ibitaro by'Iburuseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]],<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/minister-urges-nationals-join-new-savings-scheme</ref> kuva icyo gihe, yagumishijwe muri guverinoma kandi agumana inshingano ze mu ivugurura ry'abaminisitiri, harimo n'iryo kuri 31 Kanama 2016, hanyuma akomerezaho kuba umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage kugera mu mwaka wa 2019<ref>https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/news-detail/dr-mukabaramba-urges-eastern-province-leaders-to-enhance-peer-learning-and-peer-review</ref>. [https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 Ubu ni umusenateri akaba na visi perezida sena ushinzwe imari n'ubuyobozi kuva 2019 kuzagera 2024 aho manda yabo izaba irangiye].<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/article/Abasenateri-Perezida-Kagame-yashyizeho-nibo-bagenzi-babo-bagiriye-ikizere</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] kcay5ccy566447iz75uumf9ds72womo 0 9494 80578 80445 2021-11-19T20:19:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Muhongayire''' (yavutse 1978) ni umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.celebsagewiki.com/christine-muhongayire</ref>. Muhongayire ahagarariye Intara y'Amajyepfo kandi ni umunyamuryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/parliament-repeals-provision-compelling-public-servants-take-oath</ref>. akarere ke ni [[Nyaruguru|Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Hagaragajwe-icyatumaga-Nyaruguru-ihora-inyuma-mu-kwesa-imihigo</ref> . Muhongayire ni umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza mu mutwe w’abadepite<ref name=":0" />. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] nxjfoexicrp5zrr2vpcys2jwcssizlq 0 9495 80579 80446 2021-11-19T20:48:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edda Mukabagwiza''' (wavutse 1968) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] kandi yahoze ari umudipolomate. Kuva 2013, yabaye umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-bill-seeks-tighten-parliamentarly-oversight-govt</ref>. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uwahoze-ayobora-inteko-ishinga-amategeko-y-u-rwanda-yaje-mu-banyeshuri-b</ref> Mukabagwiza mbere yari minisitiri w’ubutabera muri guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] (2003–2006)<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202107270089.html</ref>, kandi yari Komiseri Mukuru akaba na [[Urutonde rw'Ibihugu u Rwanda rufitemo za Ambasade kwisi|Ambasaderi wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] muri [[Kanada]] na Cuba (2007-2013)<ref>https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlie0q</ref>. Yatorewe bwa mbere mu mutwe w’abadepite mu 2013, yongera gutorwa muri 2018 . Ni umwe mu bagize ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament</ref> . Muri 2018, Umutwe w’abadepite wamutoye nka Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/10/fourth-parliament-starts-business-on-friday-but-how-ready-is-it/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] kagquankpc5hhukv0zitn1vfzm55uj0 0 9496 80599 80447 2021-11-20T06:59:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mário Bastos''' (wavutse 1986), uzwi cyane ku izina rya stage '''Fradique''', ni Umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Angola]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''zizwi'' cyane Alambamento, ''Independência'' na ''Ar Condicionado'' . Usibye kuyobora, ni n'umwanditsi, producer, umuyobozi wungirije hamwe n'umwanditsi.<ref>http://africine.org/personne/fradique-mario-bastos/53081</ref><ref name=":0">http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/angola/120-mario-bastos-fradique</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1986 i Luanda, muri [[Angola]]<ref name=":0" />. == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2008, Fradique yize muri New York Film Academy maze ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanzi bwiza (kuyobora) muri Academy ya Art University i San Francisco<ref>http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?article1259</ref>. Muri 2009, yakoze film ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Alambamento'' . Iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime ngufi nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Luanda kandi yari ihitamo ryemewe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Vancouver ndetse na Tenerife International Film Festival<ref>http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/angola/120-mario-bastos-fradique</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Fradique yashinze isosiyete ikora filimi Geração 80 hamwe na Jorge Cohen na Tchiloia Lara<ref>http://africultures.com/films?no=20754</ref>. Muri 2011, yize muri Berlinale Talent Campus kugirango akomeze amasomo. Kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2015, yakoze kuri documentaire ye ya mbere yuzuye, ''Independência'' <ref>http://africine.org/personne/fradique-mario-bastos/53081</ref>. Iyi filime yibanze ku rugamba rwo kwibohora rwa Angola nyuma iza gutsindira igihembo cy’umuco wa [[Angola]] ku rwego rwa Sinema. Ifatwa nkimwe muma firime meza yibihe byose muri cinema nyafurika<ref>https://www.buala.org/pt/da-fala/etiquetas/geracao-80</ref>.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> Iyi filimi kandi ngo yabonye iki gihembo kuko Best documentaire muri [[Kameruni|Cameron]] International Film Festival no yari guhitamo Official ku Durban International Film Festival, iLuxor Film Festival Afurika Pan African Film Festival.<ref>https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/project/profile/194459</ref> Yayoboye kandi amashusho yindirimbo zubuhanzi-abahanzi bo muri [[Angola]] nka Nástio Mosquito na Aline Frazão . Muri 2020, yakoze filime ye yambere yimpimbano, ''Ar Condicionado'', ikaba Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Rotterdam. Nibwo bwatoranijwe kumugaragaro muri [[Uganda]] mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Friborg mu 2020. Yakiriwe neza mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/film-critic-wilfred-okiche-in-sa-for-diff-talent-press/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2007 |''Kiari'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |2008 |''Violent Jake'' |Assistant director, associate producer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Alambamento'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |2011 |''Luanda 24/7'' |Director |Short film |- |2013 |''Triângulo'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2014 |''Afripedia Angola'' |Writer, editor |TV documentary |- |2015 |''Independência'' |Director, writer, editor |Documentary |- |2016 |''Bloody Kind of Love'' |Director |Video short |- |2017 |''The Kingdom of Casuarinas'' |Director |Film |- |2017 |''El Último País'' |Assistant editor |Documentary |- |2020 |''Ar Condicionado'' |Director, writer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] sz8onkujrdbg6iudvdg0amm7nqhia1g 0 9497 80601 80598 2021-11-20T07:04:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hon. Kanziza Epiphanie''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse mu mwaka 1972 avukira mu muryango w’abana 7 mu murenge wa Gatunda mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]] mu intara y'uburasirazuba<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1</ref>. == '''AMASHURI YIZE''' == '''Kanziza Epiphaie''' yize amashuri abanza kuva mu mwaka wi '''1979-1987''' kuri Groupe scolaire Mutumba Nyagatare, bimwe mubyaranze imyigire ye mu ishuri ribanza ni ugutsinda neza amasomo ndetse yatsindwa akababara cyane<ref>https://thebridge.rw/kanziza-epiphanie-abo-amateka-agaragaza-ko-basigaye-inyuma-nabo-barashoboye/</ref>, ibi byamufashije gutsinda neza ibizamini bya leta, bityo akomereza mu mashuri yisumbuye muri '''Notre Dame du Bon Conseil Byumba''' ishami rya '''normal technique''' maze abona amanota meza mu ibizamini bisoza amashuri yisumbuye 77% mu mwaka '''1996''', akomereza muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) mu ishami rya Relation Internationale (Imibanire y’Ibihugu)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amashusho/kt-tv/article/twasuye-senateri-mushya-kanziza-epiphanie-yategaga-moto-ajya-ku-kazi</ref>. == '''AKAZI (UMWUGA)''' == '''Kanziza Epiphaie''' mu mwaka 1995 yabaye '''[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 Field Officer in International Red Cross Committee (CICR)] , 1996 kugera 2004''' yigishije muri groupe scolaire Cyabayaga I Nyagatare, mu mwaka 1999-2004: yabaye Coordinator wa CNF Mimuli Sector, [[Nyagatare (Akarere)|Nyagatare District]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amashusho/kt-tv/article/twasuye-senateri-mushya-kanziza-epiphanie-yategaga-moto-ajya-ku-kazi</ref> , nyuma yakomeje akazi k'uburezi muri groupe scolaire Bibare I Gatsibo kuva 2005 kugera 2008. '''2008-2010''': yakoze mu mushinga '''[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization (AIMPO)]''' ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage mu [[Akarere ka Musanze|karere ka Musanze]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Menya-aho-Perezida-Kagame-yavanye-Senateri-Kanziza-Video</ref>. '''2010-2014''': Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu '''MINALOC''' yarihiye abanyeshuri muri Kaminuza ihereye ku bagize amanota menshi nawe azamo yiga '''Relation Internationale''' (Imibanire y’Ibihugu). '''2016-2018''': Mediator Committee Ruhango Cell, Gisozi Sector, [https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/ Gasabo District]. '''2012-2020''': Coordinator of Women’s Organization for Promoting Unity (WOPU)<ref>http://www.ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/article/Ibyihariye-kuri-Kanziza-Epiphanie-wakuze-ahabwa-akato-akaba-yagizwe-Senateri-na-Perezida-Kagame</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] <references />7. https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/Perezida-Kagame-yakiriye-indahiro-z-Abasenateri-bashya-Amafoto 3bbuf6j7a4b3prn4kdpceywfbll4lv0 0 9498 80602 80449 2021-11-20T07:26:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eddy Munyaneza''' (yavutse 24 Ukwakira 1981) ni Umukinnyi wa firime mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]<ref>https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza</ref> . ''Munyaneza ufatwa nk'umwe mu bakora amafilime akomeye'' mu [[Burundi]], azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane ''Le troisième vide'' na Lendemains. Usibye gukora firime, ni umwanditsi, producer n'umwanditsi<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/51733_1</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 24 Ukwakira 1981 mu mudugudu muto wegereye umujyi wa Gitega mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] <ref>https://neonrouge.com/fr/eddy-munyaneza</ref>. Yarangije amashuri mu 2002. Nyuma yaje kurangiza icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza muri sinema i Saint-Louis, muri [[Senegali]].<ref>https://www.indexoncensorship.org/2018/12/artist-in-exile-eddy-munyaneza-driven-to-become-the-man-behind-the-camera/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2004 yabonye amahirwe yo gukorana na sosiyete yitwa 'Menya Média' aho yatoje ibijyanye no gutunganya amajwi n'amashusho. Muri 2009, yitabiriye nk'umukanishi muri filime ngufi ''Na Wewe'', iyobowe na Ivan Goldschmidt. Iyi filime yaje gutorwa muri Oscars mu 2011. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohoye filime ye ya mbere yerekana ''amateka ya Histoire d'une haine manquée'' <ref>https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/</ref>. Iyi documentaire ivuga inkuru yukuntu barumuna be batutsi na we ubwe yakijijwe nabaturanyi babo b'Abahutu mugihe cya jenoside yo mu Burundi mu 1993 <ref>https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/461</ref>. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi muri Festival International du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel du Burundi (FESTICAB)<ref>https://africalia.be/fr/News-and-press/COPRODAC-advocacy-and-actions-for-training</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yahawe igihembo cya Prix Spécial kubera uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya Ouagadougou (FESPACO)<ref>https://www.afrique.fr/culturel/burundi-l%E2%80%99-histoire-d%E2%80%99une-haine-manquee-selon-eddy-munyaneza/</ref>. Hagati aho, yahawe igihembo cy'ishimwe na perezida w'u Burundi, [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]], i Kirundo. Icyakora, yanenze perezida Nkurunziza kuba yarahataniraga manda ya gatatu.<ref>http://www.docmonde.org/en/lendemains-incertains/</ref> Muri 2016 yasohoye film ye ya kabiri ya documentaire, ''Le troisième vide''<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/48566_1</ref> . Harimo amajwi y’imyivumbagatanyo ikaze y’imyaka ibiri ya guverinoma ya Nkurunziza aho abantu bari hagati ya 500 na 2000 bakorerwa iyicarubozo bakicwa, naho 400.000 bakajyanwa mu bunyage. Amaze gusohora filime, yakiriye telefoni itazwi akangishwa urupfu. Ni yo mpamvu yahunze igihugu mu mpera za 2016 maze atandukana n'umugore we n'abana batatu<ref>https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/eddy-munyaneza</ref>. Icyakora, yasubiye mu [[Burundi]] muri Nyakanga 2016 no muri Mata 2017 kugira ngo abone andi mashusho ya ''videwo ya Le troisième'' . Nyuma yumwaka, film yahawe igihembo cyinyandiko nziza muri Guido Huysmans Young African Makers Award (YAFMA).<ref>https://afrikafilmfestival.be/awards/guido-huysmans-young-african-film-makers-award</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 44chglnmcsvrj326mow8olbogaw59tv 0 9499 80604 80450 2021-11-20T07:30:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivienne Roumani-Denn n'umukinnyi''' wa firime wumunyamerika. Azwiho kuba umuyobozi wa firime zishimirwa ''Abayahudi ba nyuma bo muri [[Libiya]]'' no ''hanze''<ref>http://outofprintthemovie.com/vivienne-roumani/</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271408679_Out_of_Print_A_Film_by_Vivienne_Roumani</ref>. Usibye gukora amafilime, ni n'umuhanga mu kuvuga amateka , producer, umukinnyi wa sinema, ushushanya kuvuga n'umwanditsi<ref>https://tribecafilm.com/films/514b62a2c07f5dea87000005-out-of-print</ref><ref>http://www.bitlanders.com/Vivienne</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://mubi.com/films/out-of-print</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2007 |''[[:en:The_Last_Jews_of_Libya|The Last Jews of Libya]]'' |Director |Documentary |- |2013 |''Thanks'' |producer |Short film |- |2013 |''Out of Print'' |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2019 |''Purity'' |executive producer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bytz43ssu33bf1aby5f66p0yh1ee2qi 0 9500 80605 80451 2021-11-20T07:34:56Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Roues libres''''' (ikidage: '''Nachtfahrt''' ), ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri [[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]] 2002 iyobowe na Sidiki Bakaba ikaba yarayikoranye na Ayala Bakaba na Berti Dichi. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0316509/</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Adama Dahico, Placide Bayoro, Daouda Traoré na Michel Gohou mu nshingano zabo.<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/ayala-bakaba</ref> Yafashwe amashusho yose muri Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime harimo umuyobozi mwiza muri l'Association des Professionnels du cinéma de Côte d'Ivoire<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Roues+libres-2002-369718/cast/crew</ref><ref>http://www.tv5monde.com/cms/cinema/p-779-Roues-Libres.htm?ficheId=175&position=0&search=films&recherche=&categorie=0&genre=0&annee=&pays=0&action=ok&lettre=&cfid=779&page=2</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0316509/</ref> == * Adama Dahico nka Fofana * Shyira Bayoro nka Guélé * Daouda Traoré nka Patcheco * Sidiki Bakaba nka Commissaire Blazo * Michel Gohou nka Amara * Alomo Ignace Konan nka Sergent Kra * Corinne Haccandy nka Ema Amara * Maho Monké nka Pablo == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 320x31r61egcx7am6p94qf7ax9nfo0g 0 9501 80607 80452 2021-11-20T07:48:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeresenay Berhane Mehari''' (wavutse 1974), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Etiyopiya]] <ref>https://www.buchmesse.de/en/timetable/speaker/zeresenay-berhane-mehari</ref>. Azwiho kuba umuyobozi wa firime ''zizwi'' cyane Difret na ''Sweetness in Belly'' <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/378601/</ref>. Usibye sinema, ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba n'Umuyobozi w'Ibintu by'umwimerere kuri Televiziyo ya Kana, Televiziyo ya mbere yashyizwe ku buntu ku kirere, yigenga muri [[Etiyopiya]].<ref>https://www.screendaily.com/features/zeresenay-berhane-mehari-difret/5065078.article</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], muri [[Etiyopiya]] mu muryango ufite barumuna barindwi. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri [[Amerika]] mu gihe murumuna we na mushiki we bimukiye mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]], undi muvandimwe akaba muri [[Suwede]] .<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/374847/</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kwimukira muri [[Amerika]], Mehari yize filime muri kaminuza y’amajyepfo ya California School of Cinematic Arts arangiza impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts. Mugihe yiga, yashinze isosiyete ikora 'Haile - Addis Pictures'.<ref>https://sffilm.org/event/difret/</ref> Yatangiye gukora nkumufasha wibikorwa mubice bibiri: ''Byose kuri Eva'' na ''The seven Year Itch'' muri 2000 ya tereviziyo ya ''Backstory'' . Noneho yabaye umufasha wibikorwa byigice ''M * A * S * H: Comedy Under Fire'' muri 2001 Urutonde ''rwamateka vs.'' ''Hollywood'' <ref>https://www.locarnofestival.ch/LFF/program/archive/person.html?pid=720219&l=en&eid=67</ref>. Nyuma muri 2006, yabaye producer wa ''Leila'' ngufi iyobowe na Hanelle M. Culpepper. Nyuma yumwaka, yakoze firime ye ya mbere ''Coda'' .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1877993/</ref> Mu 2005 yamenyeshejwe na avoka Meaza Ashenafi na murumuna we. Hanyuma hamwe na we, bavumbuye ikibazo cya Hirut Assefa n'umuco wa “telefa” mugihe bakora ubushakashatsi kuri Meaza no gukorera mumuryango we. ''akoresheje'' ibyabaye, yayoboye filime yumukobwa yitwa Difret muri 2014, yungutse ibitekerezo byiza<ref>http://africultures.com/difret-de-zeresenay-berhane-mehari-12973/</ref>. Umuyobozi mukuru wa firime yari umukinnyi wa filime uzwi cyane muri Hollywood, Angelina Jolie <ref>https://www.buchmesse.de/en/timetable/speaker/zeresenay-berhane-mehari</ref>. Nubwo yagize amahirwe yo gufata amashusho muri 2009, nyuma yaje gutegereza kugeza muri 2012 gufata amashusho kubera ibibazo byo gukina.<ref>http://www.spilling-the-beans.net/sundance-2014-selection-from-ethiopia-difret-attracts-angelina-jolie-as-exec-producer/</ref> Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Sundance Film Festival muri Mutarama 2013. Filime yatsindiye ibihembo byabitabiriye iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Berlin, iserukiramuco rya muzika rya Park City, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Amsterdam ndetse no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Montreal <ref>http://www.savefilm.org/news/difret-is-ethiopias-official-selection-for-the-academy-awards/</ref>. Icyakora, muri Nzeri 2014, muri Etiyopiya herekanywe bwa mbere ku mugaragaro abayobozi ba filime bavuga ko iyi filime yahaye Meaza 'inguzanyo nyinshi'. Ariko, nyuma yaje kurekurwa n'imanza ebyiri kandi ifite ibigwi muri [[Etiyopiya]].<ref>https://entropymag.org/difret-by-zeresenay-berhane-mehari/</ref> Muri 2019, yakoze igice cya kabiri, ''Sweetness in the Belly'', film ya kabiri yakinnye na Dakota Fanning na Yahya Abdul-Mateen II . Cyari gifite umwanya wambere mugice cya Discovery cyumunsi mukuru wa firime ya Toronto. Filime yahinduwe nigitabo cyizina rimwe ryanditswe na Camilla Gibb<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378291/</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2000 |''Backstory'' |production assistant |TV Series documentary |- |2001 |''History vs. Hollywood'' |production assistant |TV Series documentary |- |2006 |''Leila'' |producer |Short film |- |2006 |''Coda'' |Director, producer |Short film |- |2008 |''Africa Unite: A Celebration of Bob Marley's 60th Birthday'' |co-line producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''[[:en:Difret|Difret]]'' |Director |Film |- |2019 |''Inheritance (Wurse)'' |Director |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Sweetness_in_the_Belly|Sweetness in the Belly]]'' |Director |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 6gwqsenw5ewz5gx38amywwz7p2g7ojg 0 9502 80608 80453 2021-11-20T07:50:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Umshana''''' ( lit. <span><nowiki>'The</nowiki> &#x27;</span> ni filimi yo muri [[Eswatini]] black and white drama film iyoborwa na Bi Phakathi na vyahinguwe n'Ivyabona BIP Films isohoka muri 2015<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5833952/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Mbali Dlamini na Delani Dlamini mu nshingano zabo hamwe na Lisa Mavuso, Temakhosi Nkambule, Fineboy Mhlanga mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film777111.html</ref>. Nibintu byambere byose- Siswati yerekana firime kandi yafashwe amashusho [[Eswatini|mubwami bwa Eswatini]] <ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Umshana</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Mbali Dlamini nka Gugu * Delani Dlamini nka Themba * Lisa Mavuso nkinshuti ya Gugu * Temakhosi Nkambule nkigiciro cyinshi * Fineboy Mhlanga nka nyirarume == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] lr9153i0xca9o5qoqoq6qpzg8kh2ta2 0 9503 80609 80454 2021-11-20T09:26:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Dhalinyaro''''' ( ''Urubyiruko'' ) ni filime yikinamico ya Djiboutian 2017 iyobowe na Lula Ali Ismaïl aho yabaye umuyobozi wa mbere wa firime ya Djiboutian<ref>https://mg.co.za/africa/2020-07-17-meet-lula-ali-ismail-djiboutis-first-lady-of-film/</ref>. Yakozwe na diregiteri ubwe hamwe na Alexandra Ramniceanu, Jean-Frédéric Samie na Gilles Sandoz kuri Samawada films<ref>https://cinando.com/en/Film/dhalinyaro_youth_341919/Detail</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Amina Mohamed Ali, Tousmo Mouhoumed Mohamed, na Bilan Samir Moubus mu nshingano zabo<ref name=":0">https://en.unifrance.org/directories/company/359774/samawada-films</ref>. Niyo filime ya mbere yerekanwe mu mateka ya sinema ya Djibouti yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Nyakanga 2017. <ref>[http://www.lanationdj.com/cinema-premiere-film-dhalinyaro/ Cinéma : Avant-première du film "Dhalinyaro"], ''The Nation'', 30 July 2017.</ref> <ref>[http://www.lanationdj.com/dhalinyaro-long-metrage-made-in-djibouti/ DHALINYARO: A feature film made-in-Djibouti].</ref> Filime ikurikira abakobwa batatu bakomoka mubyiciro bitandukanye byubukungu.<ref name=":0" /> Yatewe inkunga na Organisation de la Francophonie, kandi ikorerwa muri Kanada, [[Somaliya]], Ubufaransa na Djibouti<ref>https://www.africatopsuccess.com/lula-ali-ismail-the-first-djiboutian-film-director/</ref>. Yafashwe amashusho yose muri Djibouti. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/how-to-watch-dhalinyaro-djibouti-french-film-director-lula-ali-ismail-interview/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://cinewax.org/en/blogs/media/dhalinyaro-premier-long-metrage-djiboutien</ref> == * Amina Mohamed Ali nka Deka * Tousmo Mouhoumed Mohamed nka Asma * Bilan Samir Moubus nka Hibo == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 4qzaoyo7s6vjadpgazga9nztqs7d8fv 0 9504 80610 80455 2021-11-20T09:32:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Seasons of a Life,''''' ni filimi yasohotse 2010 nka [[Malawi]] Legal drama film iyoborwa na Shemu Joyah na vyahinguwe n'Ivyabona FirstDawn Arts<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ie/film832371.html</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Bennie Msuku ayoboye hamwe na Neria Chikhosi, Flora Suya na Tapiwa Gwaza bagize uruhare runini<ref>https://www.kweli.tv/programs/seasons-of-a-life?locale=en</ref>. Ikinamico yemewe ninkiko yibanze kumukozi wo murugo wasambanijwe numukoresha we uharanira kwiha ku imbaraga no kuzamura imibereho ye<ref>https://africandiasporavideo.com/products/stories-of-motherhood-family-motel-seasons-of-a-life</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Göteborg muri [[Suwede]] ku ya 31 Mutarama 2010<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ie/film832371.html</ref>. Iyi filime kandi yatorewe ibihembo mu birori bya [[Kenya]], Cairo, na Zanzibar<ref>https://intomalawi.wordpress.com/tag/seasons-of-a-life/</ref>. Yatowe mu byiciro 8 mu bihembo bya 6 bya African Movie Academy Awards, harimo abahatanira ibihembo byiza byerekana amashusho meza hamwe n’umwimerere mwiza<ref>https://www.nyasatimes.com/malawian-film-wins-award-at-us-film-festival/</ref>. Umukinnyi wa filime, Tapiwa Gwaza yatsindiye igihembo cya Nollywood kubera ibikorwa byiza byakozwe numukinnyi ushyigikiwe<ref>https://kigalinews.wordpress.com/2010/05/08/tip-of-the-day-seasons-of-life-award-winning-real-african-movie/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://times.mw/shemu-joyah-tips-actors/</ref> == * Bennie Msuku nka Kondani * Neria Chikhosi nka Thoko * Flora Suya nka Sungisa * Tapiwa Gwaza nka Tabita == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] gndq5etmsdgj5ldvlcdiy3shbv5ow0k 0 9505 80611 80456 2021-11-20T09:36:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947''''', ni Filime ya documentaire y’intambara ya Malagasi ya 2018 iyobowe na [[Marie-Clémence Paes]] kandi yakozwe na diregiteri ubwe hamwe na Agnès Contensou<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=269165.html</ref>, Viviane Dahan muri Laterit Productions, film za Cobra na Silvão Produções<ref>https://frenchculture.org/events/11052-fahavalo-madagascar-1947-director-marie-clemence-andriamonta-paes</ref><ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/fahavalo-madagascar-1947</ref>. Iyi documentaire iragaragaza uburambe bwabanzi ba fahavalo 1947 barwanya abategetsi ba gikoloni cyabafaransa muri Madagasikari nabatangabuhamya bazima<ref>https://boutique.laterit.fr/en/madagascar/433-dvd-fahavalo-madagascar-1947.html</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime harimo na Documentaire zigihembo cyisi ku nshuro ya 42 ku iserukiramuco rya Filime ku isi ndetse no kuvugwa bidasanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage<ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/fahavalo-madagascar-1947</ref><ref>https://www.afrikamera.de/en/fahavalo-madagascar-1947/</ref>. * Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947 * [https://www.doclisboa.org/2018/en/filmes/fahavalo-madagascar-1947/ Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947: Fahavalo na Marie-Clémence Andriamonta-Paes] * [https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/fahavalo-madagascar-1947 Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947] * [http://www.laterit.fr/index.php?lg=en&page=fichetech&num_film=101 Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947 film ya Marie-Clémence Andriamonta-Paes] == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 9msgiydhwgo311pu9gyu2jcvy7c2lk3 0 9506 80612 80457 2021-11-20T09:44:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Teresa''''', ni Filime ngufi [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Equatoguinean]] 2010 iyobowe na Thato Rantao Mwosa kandi yakozwe na Library of National [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya]]<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Thato_Rantao_Mwosa</ref><ref>https://www.onevoicevirtualassistant.com/c2fzc3a/teresa-movie-cast-224c2c</ref>. Iyi filime yanditswe na Guillermina Mekuy Mba Obono, umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe amasomero, Ububiko, Inzu Ndangamurage na Sinema. Muri firime hagaragaramo Elena Iyanga, Betty KB, na Dina Anguesomo mubikorwa byingenzi<ref>https://ms.hrvwiki.net/wiki/Teresa_(2010_film)</ref>. Niyo filime ya mbere yo hagati yakozwe muri [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya]] ya Ekwatoriya<ref>http://africa-archive.com/directors?str=Wellington%20Chindara,%20David%20Mubaiwa,%20%C2%A0and%20David%20Dzatsunga</ref>. Filime izenguruka mubuzima bwingimbi bwabanyeshuri batatu: Teresa, Rocío na Yolanda bayobowe nibyabaye<ref>http://www.serenavillage.co/enu5e62h/teresa-movie-cast</ref>. Iyi filime ifite umwanya wa mbere mu kigo ndangamuco cya [[Esipanye]] cya Malabo no mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’umuco ry’Abafaransa ryerekana Malabo <ref>https://pl.hrvwiki.net/wiki/Teresa_(2010_film)</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://mubi.com/films/teresa-2010</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Teresa-Wright</ref> == * Elena Iyanga nka Teresa * Betty KB * Dina Anguesomo == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bcr4qf6ant3n1x2d7aulj1nq2do532y 0 9507 80613 80459 2021-11-20T10:04:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Cape Verde, Urukundo rwanjye''''' ni filimi yasohotse 2007 muri Cape Verdean iyobowe na Ana Lúcia Ramos Lisboa<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film526085.html</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Neusa Cardoso na Eric Bridges Twahirwa mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Olivia García, Isabel Fontes na Cleophas Kabasita mu nshingano zabo<ref>http://www.quicklookfilms.com/movie/62334/Cape-Verde-My-Love-(Cabo-Verde-nha-cretcheu)-Trailer-and-Info</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza<ref>https://www.spinguera.com/ </ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.africanfilm.com/products/cape-verde-my-love</ref> == * Neusa Cardoso nka Bela * Olivia García nka Laura * Imyandikire ya Isabel nka Flavia * Carla da Siliviya nka Nataliya * Antonio Teixeira nka Chico * Abel Monteiro nka Valdomar * Eric Bridges Twahirwa * Cleophas Kabasita * Davis Kagenza == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 6c0tdzd3ton9j5b33smqbu1zon5tfiw 0 9508 80616 80460 2021-11-20T11:52:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Day of My Wedding''''', ni filime ngufi ya [[Botswana|Botswana yo mu]] 2007 iyobowe na Thato Rantao Mwosa kandi yakozwe na Thato Rantao Mwosa nka SaBantu Productions<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/The_Day_of_My_Wedding</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Erickka Jones mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Souleymane Sy Savane na Audrey Aduama mu nshingano zunganira<ref>https://pwcenter.org/profile/thato-mwosa</ref>. Filime yafatiwe muri Boston no muri Massachusetts, muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://warriorwomenbook.wordpress.com/2010/10/13/warrior-woman-thato-rantau-mwosa/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200508250595.html</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Roxbury, muri [[Amerika]] ku ya 4 Kanama 2007<ref>http://www.filmfatales.org/directors/thatomwosa</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://virtory.com/prof/Thato-Mwosa-HWC5H0GB</ref> == * Erickka Jones nka Lulu * Souleymane Sy Savane nka Tim * Audrey Aduama nka Mama wa Lulu == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7lypep61yzjogivlgpm30p0j9xhdsid 0 9509 80617 80462 2021-11-20T12:00:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Afarit el-asphalt''''' ''',''' ni filmi yasohotse 1996 yo mu Misiri iyoborwa na Oussama Fawzi na yakozwe na Hany Gerges Fawzi afatanyije na Aflam Guirguiss Fawzy<ref>https://www.albawaba.com/entertainment/%E2%80%98afarit-al-asphalt%E2%80%99%E2%80%A6shaaban-abdel-rehim%E2%80%99s-early-days</ref><ref>https://www.cineplex.com/Film/afarit-elasphalt</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Mahmoud Hemida na Salwa Khattab mu nshingano zabo aho nka Hasan Husni, Lotfy Labib, Gamil Ratib na Mohammed Tawfik bagize uruhare runini<ref>https://www.videodetective.com/movie/afarit-el-asphalt-70624</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Lokarno mu [[Busuwisi]] ku ya 11 Kanama 1996<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/29/movies/family-love-and-lust-for-others-in-cairo.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Afarit+el-asphalt-1996-338094/cast/crew</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0115477/</ref> == * Mahmoud Hemida nkuko byavuzwe * Salwa Khattab * Abdalla Mahmoud * Gamil Ratib * Hasan Husni nka Hassan Hosny * Aida Abdel Aziz nka Tafeda * Lotfy Labib nka Saleh * Mohammed Tawfik nka Ali * Manal Afifi nka Bataa * Amal Ibrahim nka Zahia * Mohamed Sharaf nka Shaban * Maged El-Kidwani nka Halazona * Shabaan Abdel Rehim nkumuririmbyi * Kamal Soleiman * Alaa Awad == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] c43fsmrwue9cavbkdm05r8kml7r7ln0 0 9510 80618 80481 2021-11-20T12:09:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Abi foq al-Shagara''''' (Data Hejuru ku Giti), ni filime yo mu Misiri yo mu 1969 ikinamico yerekana urukundo yakozwe na Hussein Kamal ikorwa na Abdel Halim Hafez kuri Sawt al-Fann<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/abi-foq-al-shagara-v470721</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Abdel Halim Hafez na Nadia Lutfi mu mwanya wa mbere aho nka Mervat Amin Jenita Furneau, Samir Sabri na Salah Nazmi bagize uruhare runini.<ref>https://www.allmovie.com/movie/abi-foq-al-shagara-v470721/cast-crew</ref> Filime yafatiwe muri Alegizandiriya no mu micungararo yayo<ref>https://mubi.com/films/abi-foq-al-shagara</ref>. Filime yabaye amashusho yuwo mwaka cyane kubera gusomana.<ref>https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1287199/movies?sortby=time&format=pic</ref> Filime ifatwa nkimwe muri firime nziza zigeze gukorwa mu Misiri.<ref>https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Rayess+Bek+and+La+Mirza+--+%27Love+and+Revenge%27-a0537431253</ref> Nibigaragara bwa firime ya nyuma yakozwe n'umukinnyi wa filime Abdel Halim Hafez mbere y'urupfu rwe ku ya 30 Werurwe 1977 kubera kunanirwa kw'umwijima nk'ikibazo cya ''Schistosoma mansoni'' .<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/film/Abi+foq+al-Shagara-1969-248668</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0251881/</ref> == * Abdel Halim Hafez nka Adel * Nadia Lutfi nka Firdaus * Mervat Amin nka Amaal * Samir Sabri nka Ashraf * Salah Nazmi nka Khamis * Amira as Ahlam * Nabila El Sayed * Imad Hamdi nka Kamal * Hamed Morsi nka Abdel Mawjood * Mahmoud Rashad * Nahed Samir == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] rmdhcaj8cs8g4268tvvuwioz9zi1slk 0 9511 80484 2021-11-18T07:13:26Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Rosine Igirimpuhwe moved page [[Marie Rose Mureshyankwano]] to [[Marie Mureshyankwano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Marie Mureshyankwano]] cilnnj20024q2zrg6qe4coupfdfxln1 0 9512 80492 80486 2021-11-18T07:20:46Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] t3lbkjopc6l0wjbrty5ucbhpye6igho 0 9513 80493 80489 2021-11-18T07:21:46Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] t3lbkjopc6l0wjbrty5ucbhpye6igho 0 9514 80491 2021-11-18T07:19:32Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Rosine Igirimpuhwe moved page [[Mureshyankwano]] to [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mureshyankwano Marie Rose]] t3lbkjopc6l0wjbrty5ucbhpye6igho 0 9515 80619 80494 2021-11-20T12:16:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Nous aurons toute la mort pour dormir''''' , ni 1977 filime ya documentaire ya [[Ubufaransa|Franco]] - [[Moritaniya|Mauritanian]] iyobowe na Med Hondo kandi ikorerwa muri Les Films du Soleil Ô<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0125958/</ref>. Iyi filime yafashwe amezi 4 kuva ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1975 kugeza ku ya 5 Werurwe 1976, mu gace kahoze ari Sahara ya [[Esipanye]]<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/23706_1</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku ntambara yitwaje intwaro ya Polisario Front mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara kurwanya ubukoloni bwa Espagne<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/2935/nous-aurons-toute-la-mort-pour-dormir</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Berlin mu [[Budage]] bw'Iburengerazuba muri Kamena 1977<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Nous_aurons_toute_la_mort_pour_dormir/33061358</ref>. == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tfnwihkp08snns0841hsxwsmph04ld7 0 9516 80620 80495 2021-11-20T12:20:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Gambia: Take Me to Learn My Roots,''''' ni film ya documentaire ya [[Gambiya]] yasohotse 2019 iyobowe na Bacary Bax kandi yakozwe na Bud Sugar<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10462632/</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku butumwa bw'umubyeyi umwe bwo kwigisha abahungu be b'amoko avanze ku mizi yabo yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba<ref>https://www.csfd.cz/film/736753-gambia-take-me-to-learn-my-roots/galerie/</ref>. Filime yakorewe mu [[Bwongereza]] (Kingston kuri Hull, East Riding ya Yorkshire) no muri Gambiya (Brikama). Filime yakiriwe neza nabayireba<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Gambia%3A_Take_Me_to_Learn_My_Roots</ref>.<ref>https://celebmix.com/film-review-bud-sugars-documentary-gambia-take-me-to-learn-my-roots/</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.csfd.cz/film/736753-gambia-take-me-to-learn-my-roots/recenze/</ref> == * Bacary Bax * Stan Hill * Urutonde * Rob Mills * Wes Eluda * Ifunguro rya Jatta * Jatta Kunda * Susan Urutonde == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] kj2uixgikotqjtupzwrthbilaa7ma0z 0 9517 80623 80496 2021-11-20T17:44:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Yéyamba Wandzé Mdrou Ndo?''''', Ni filimi isekeje yasohotse mu 2000 ituruka muri [[Komore|Comore]] iyoborwa Arsin Soiby na yakozwe ari HMZ productions<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3147898/</ref><ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Yeyamba_Wandze_Mdrou_Ndo/10912741</ref>. Filime niyo filime yambere yerekana Comoros<ref>https://mubi.com/films/yeyamba-wandze-mdrou-ndo</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/ca/film889115.html</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://mubi.com/films/yeyamba-wandze-mdrou-ndo</ref> == * Jacqueline Abdillah * Djimba * Abderemane Djimby * Zali Hamadi * Laher * Youssouf Msa * Roukia Saïd * Arsin Soiby == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qz6frywntyguwccdjmgzrjzjcuhbud3 0 9518 80624 80497 2021-11-20T18:01:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Po di Sangui''''' ( '''Igiti cy'Amaraso''' ), ni filimi [[Ubufaransa|y'amakinamico y'Abafaransa]][[Gineya-Biso|Bissau-Gineya yo mu]] 1996 iyobowe na Flora Gomes kandi yakozwe na Jean-Pierre Gallepe.<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Po_di_sangui</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/po-di-sangui</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Dulceneia Bidjanque mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Djuco Bodjan, Dadu Cissé, Adama Kouyaté na Edna Evora mu nshingano zabo.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/tree-of-blood-po-di-sangui/</ref><ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film593825.html</ref> Iyi filime yafashwe nkumugani nyafurika mumudugudu wamashyamba ya Amanha Lundju<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/13750/po-di-sangui-l-arbre-aux-ames</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref name=":0" /> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/po-di-sangui/oclc/271274541</ref> == * Dulceneia Bidjanque nka Luana * Djuco Bodjan nka N'te * Dadu Cissé nka Puntcha * Edna Evora nka Sally * Bia Gomes nka Antonia * Adama Kouyaté nka Calacalado * Ramiro Naka nka Dou == Kwerekanwa mpuzamahanga<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/flora-gomes/</ref> == * Ubufaransa - Gicurasi 1996 (Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes) * Arijantineya - 8 Ugushyingo 1996 (Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Mar del Plata) * Ubufaransa - 13 Ugushyingo 1996 * Porutugali - 31 Nyakanga 1998 * Amerika - 30 Mata 1999 (Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya New York) * Repubulika ya Ceki - 25 Mutarama 2004 (Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Febio) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ju82eopfapd7gw2sxvhfz5gd56x6shz 0 9519 80625 80498 2021-11-20T18:06:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mapule's Choice''''', ni Filime ngufi yasohotse 2008 iyobowe na KaiKaizer Matsumunyane kandi yakozwe na Tumelo Matobako<ref>https://mubi.com/films/mapules-choice</ref><ref>https://de.wikibrief.org/wiki/Kaizer_Matsumunyane</ref>. Filime ivuga ku buzima bwa Mapule, umusore ukora imyenda ukomoka muri Maseru ugomba guhitamo hagati yo kubika ibanga no kwikiza.<ref>https://www.africanfilmdatabase.com/films/show/640</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe kandi itorwa ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar mu 2009<ref>http://haiti.spla.pro/fiche.actualite.zanzibar-international-film-festival-2009-le.5047.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.africine.org/evenement/festival-international-du-film-de-zanzibar-2009-ziff/18909</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7bv0az9zxybay9tp80nmzvalgpybfjr 0 9520 80626 80499 2021-11-20T18:07:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souleymane Démé''' (wavutse 1986) ni umukinnyi wa filimi wo muri [[Cade|Tchad]] <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=612709.html</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwamamaye muri film ''GriGris'' yakinnye.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5632018/</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/souleymane-deme/m0xnphn4?hl=en</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2000 |''L'invité'' |Himself |TV Series |- |2013 |''[[:en:GriGris|GriGris]]'' |Grigris |Film |} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 1to836krmel3ld9gi1sajcw4ckxltx1 0 9521 80975 80500 2021-11-30T12:03:00Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwera Pelagie yavutse mu mwaka wi 1974 ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi ,kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 akaba numwe mu bagize sena y'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yatorewe kuba senasteri [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Muntara y'amajyepfo]] ku itariki ya 13 ugushyingo 2019 nibwo sens yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yatoye umusensteri Pelagie Uwera kugirango ahagararire [[inteko ishinga amategeko]] yu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|nteko ishinga amategeko]] ya Pan Africa ( PAP )<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senators-uwera-bideri-represent-rwanda-pan-african-parliament</ref> ninzego zishinga amategeko zubumwe bw'Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU). == Imirimo == Pelagie na Mugenziwe Bideri biyemeje guharanira iterambere nimibereho myiza y'[[Afurika]] mu guhangana nubushomeri nubukene ndetse n'umutekano muke. bikaba biri no mumpamvu abanyafurika bafata ingendo za hato nahato zo kujya mubihugo by' [[Iburayi]] injyendo zishobora no guteza akaga bajya gushaka Imibereho myiza.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/organs/assessment-committee</ref> == Amashuri yize == Uwera Pelagie afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse munyigisho ziterambere ( Development studies ) <ref>https://clarifiedby.diligenciagroup.com/company/summary/4317038-uwera-pelagie/</ref> akagira Impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bw'imibereho yakuye muri Kaminuza yijyenga ya [[Kigali]]. == Inshingano == Kuva mu mwaka 2012 kugeza 2019 Pelagie yari comiseri wa [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA|komisiyo y'Igihugu]] ishinzwe amatota mu Rwanda. yabaye kandi Indorerezi y'Impuguke za <b>Commonwealth</b> mu matora rusange ya <b>[[Botswana|Botsuwana]]</b> 2014. muri 2018 yongera kuba Indorerezi ya <b>Commonwealth</b> mu matora Rusange ya <b>[[Siyera Lewone]] </b><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202107280775.html</ref> == Ibindi == Uwera Pelagie kandi yabaye umwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye. == Reba == . h2foz8uomjyml9te6w7ldjbv30y3le7 0 9522 83578 80504 2022-05-14T18:52:56Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Honorable Mukabalisa''' Donatille,Yavutse muri Nyakanga 1960,Akaba ari  Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva mu 1981 kugeza 1998, yakoraga muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere i [[Kigali]] mu myanya itandukanye. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2000 kugeza 2003, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho mu [[Rwanda]] akaba na Perezida wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Kuva mu 1981 kugeza 1998, yakoraga muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere i [[Kigali]] mu myanya itandukanye. Kuva muri Nyakanga 2000 kugeza 2003, yari umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho mu Rwanda akaba na Perezida wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite yo mu 2003 yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize umutwe w’abadepite ku rutonde rw’ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu kandi atorerwa kuba umuyobozi wungirije wa komisiyo ihoraho ishinzwe ibibazo bya politiki n’uburinganire.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/12/151218_rwanda_referendum_dec2015</ref> Kuva mu Kwakira 2011, yari Umusenateri (Urugereko rwo hejuru) kandi yatowe n'abasenateri kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Komisiyo ihoraho ishinzwe ibibazo bya politiki n'imiyoborere myiza.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> Nyuma yimyaka ibiri muri Sena, ku ya 4 Ukwakira 2013 yatorewe kuba Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite / Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda. Hon. Mukabalisa Donatille kandi ni Perezida w'ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukizana kwa buri muntu.<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] ltm8rq690wwgpxnccdqa6mk3u7y1goy 0 9523 80514 80508 2021-11-18T09:49:31Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cécile Murumunawabo''' Yavutse 1968 akaba ari umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yatorewe kuba mu mutwe [[Urugereko rw'Abadepite (u Rwanda)|w’abadepite]] mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda]] mu 2013. Ni umunyamuryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), uhagarariye [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] akaba n'umunyamabanga wa kongere y'abagore ba FPR.<ref>http://www.imbutofoundation.org/who-we-are/our-board/article/honourable-cecile-murumunawabo</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Murumunawabo yavutse 1968 kandi afite Masters mubyigisho byiterambere.<ref>https://www.iknowpolitics.org/en/node/60219</ref> == Umwuga == Murumunawabo ni umwe mu bagize urugaga rwo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|gukunda igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] (FPR) kandi yatorewe kuba Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 2013. Mbere, yakoraga mu biro bya Madamu wa Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2013, Murumunawabo yagizwe umunyamabanga wa kongere y’abagore ya [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR]]. Yongeye gutorerwa kuba umunyamabanga muri 2019 n'amajwi 85.3 ku ijana.<ref>http://www.imbutofoundation.org/who-we-are/our-board/article/honourable-cecile-murumunawabo</ref> == Reba == 0nxfdnkobsjwe894pzqal6ddsag35a7 0 9524 80627 80509 2021-11-20T18:33:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letekidan Micael''' (wavutse 1997), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Eritereya]]<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/filmography/195598/</ref> . ''Azwiho'' uruhare rwa 'Awet' muri filime Feuerherz ishimwa cyane.<ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/person/Letekidan+Micael-836620/photos/124480</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1997 i [[Asmara]], muri [[Eritereya]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2930245/</ref>. Igihe ''yakinaga muri firime yintambara ya Feuerherz'', umuryango we wakiriye ubutumwa bwiterabwoba butazwi<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/aug/21/first-sight-letekidan-micael</ref>. Ni yo mpamvu bashatse ubuhungiro bwa politiki mu [[Burayi]].<ref>https://www.filmportal.de/en/movie/feuerherz-die-reise-der-jungen-awet_4366c432ac17879ae040007f01000b2b</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2008, Micael afite imyaka 10, yakinnye muri filime yo mu [[Budage]] ''Feuerherz'', nyuma yitwa Icyongereza nka ''Heart of Fire'' .<ref>https://www.betacinema.com/138/pid/47/Heart-of-Fire.htm</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 25 Nzeri 2008. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu ntambara yo kwigenga ya [[Eritereya]] na [[Etiyopiya]], ikaba yari ishingiye ku mibereho y’umuhanzi w’umudage Senait Mehari wavukiye muri [[Eritereya]]<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/film-berlin-eritrea-dc-idUKL1480963420080214</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga kandi ishima uruhare rwa Micael nk'umusirikare w'umwana, 'Awet'.<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2011038452</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2008 | ''Feuerherz'' | Awet | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] feiz3ccny9h6hrerto5acykkog2ua2l 0 9525 83451 81348 2022-05-13T12:56:48Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kampeta Sayinzoga''' ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki ishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]](BRD).<ref>https://www.brd.rw/brd/kampeta-pitchette-sayinzoga-appointed-ceo-of-the-development-bank-of-rwanda-brdplc/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/12/kampeta-sayinzoga-appointed-ceo-of-the-development-bank-of-rwanda-plc/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Madamu Kampeta Sayinzoga yarangije kaminuza mw'iterambere ry'ubukungu nububanyi n'amahanga i Witwatersrand muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|afurika y'epfo]](South Africa) akomereza impamyabumenyi y'Icyiciro cya Kaminuza (Masters Degree) mw'iterambere ry'ubukungu nisesesengura yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Nottingham.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kampeta-appointed-ceo-brd</ref> == Aho Yakoze == Madamu Kampeta yinjiye muri BRD afite uburambe kubukungu bw'u [[Rwanda]], yabaye umuyobozi w'Ibiro bya Minisitiri w'intebe. Yakoze kandi muri Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi aho yagiye akora kumyanya itandukanye kandi yubuyobozi harimo no kuba umunyamabanga uhoraho, Mbere yo kwinjira mu mirimo ya Leta kampeta yakoraga muri Banki y'[[Isi]] yakoze kandi munama z'ubutegetsi z'amabanki nka The Trade and Development Bank, Banki y'iterambere y'[[Afurika]] y'iburasirazuba(EADB), [[Rwanda]] Euro Board Committee, GT Bank, no mu kigo Cy'Igihugu Cy'Imisoro.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kampeta-sayinzoga-yahawe-ikaze-muri-brd</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 5mqv9srwyuo72ry60fxeh8e42feu1r3 0 9526 80642 80511 2021-11-21T04:37:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blandine Yaméogo''' (wavutse 1960), ni Umukinnyiwa filimi muri Burkinabé <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0945793/</ref>. Yakinnye muri firime zishimirwa ''La nuit de la vérité'', ''Delwende'' na ''Notre étrangère'' <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=17951</ref>. Usibye gukora firime, ni numukorikori<ref>https://www.programme-tv.net/biographie/41314-yameogo-blandine/</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/7CB24935DD2B4FA1B34B9FDCFDE956CD</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1995 |''Keita! L'héritage du griot'' |Sogoton |Film |- |2000 |''Mouka'' |Actress, Composer |Short film |- |2004 |''La nuit de la vérité'' (The Night of Truth) |Woman Painter |Film |- |2005 |''[[:en:Delwende|Delwende]]'' |Actress: Napoko, choreographer |Film |- |2006 |''Djanta'' | |Film |- |2009 |''Danse sacrée à Yaka'' | |Film |- |2010 |''Notre étrangère'' (The Place in Between) |Acita |Film |- |2011 |''Bayiri, la patrie'' |Zalissa |Film |- |2012 |''Zamaana, il est temps'' | |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] llkoa5eruip6oy6n2bd83st6i9depnu 0 9527 80628 80515 2021-11-20T18:45:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shana Elizabeth Dowdeswell''' (1 Mata 1989 - 12 Ukuboza 2012), yari umukinnyi wa filime wa Hollywood [[Zimbabwe|ukomoka muri Zimbabwe]]<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2315142/Shana-Dowdeswell-death-Mother-Broadway-actress-died-late-night-whiskey-binge-slams-NYC-bar.html</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == [[Dosiye:Elizabeth Dowdeswell, 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Shana Dowdeswell]] Dowdeswell yavutse ku ya 1 Mata 1989 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1699328/</ref>. Se Roger Dowdeswell yahoze akina umukino wa tennis wabigize umwuga<ref>https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/english/movie-actress/shana-dowdeswell</ref>. Nyina Laurie Smith numuproducer wakoze firime ''The New Twenty'' <ref>https://dailyentertainmentnews.com/movies/shana-dowdeswell-broadway-actress-who-drank-herself-to-death/</ref>. Shana yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] maze yiga mu Mujyi no mu Gihugu, PS 3, arangije amashuri yisumbuye ya PPAS<ref>https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/shana-dowdeswell-obituary?id=24840266</ref>. Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina afite imyaka umunani, nyuma akina Anne Frank mu bicuruzwa muri Paper Mill Playhouse<ref>https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130426/greenwich-village/mom-whose-daughter-died-after-drinking-too-much-goes-after-village-bars/</ref> .Yagiranye umubano muremure numukunzi we Cameron Moneo.<ref>https://www.famousfix.com/topic/shana-dowdeswell</ref> Yari afite murumuna we Jesse. Se wabo wa Shana, Colin Dowdeswell, yahoze ari umukinnyi wa tennis wabigize umwuga.<ref>https://dailyentertainmentnews.com/movies/shana-dowdeswell-broadway-actress-who-drank-herself-to-death/</ref> == Urupfu == Ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2012, Shana yagiye mu mujyi wa New York City Greenwich bar bita The Basement maze anywa amacupa menshi ya whisky<ref>https://nypost.com/2013/04/26/mom-blames-village-bar-for-broadway-actress-daughters-death/</ref>. Agarutse, yaratsitaye maze asohoka mu muryango. Ugenda n'imbwa yavumbuye umurambo we atazi ubwenge, yihutira kujya ku kigo nderabuzima cya Beth Isiraheli. Nyuma yipimisha, byagaragaye ko muri kiriya gihe harimo alcool mu maraso 0.39, bikubye inshuro eshanu amategeko leta yemerera gutwara. Yapfuye ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2012<ref>https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/04/26/nyc-mom-calls-on-bars-to-help-fight-binge-drinking-after-daughters-death/</ref>.<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=454491.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2002, Shana yagaragaye muri ' ''Miracle'' ' ya Frank Higgins akina nka 'Eva', umukobwa wikunda. Muri 2003 yakinnye nka verisiyo ikiri nto ya 'Jenna' muri film ''13 Going on 30''<ref>https://www.today.com/popculture/13-going-30-doesn-t-add-wbna4780520</ref> . Ariko, gukina kwe kwakuwe muri firime nyuma yuko abitabiriye ikizamini bakiriye nabi umwimerere. Nyuma yaje gukina inyuguti enye zitandukanye mubyiciro bitatu byibanze byerekana Amategeko & Iteka franchise. Hanyuma yakinnye muri filime izwi cyane nka ''Mercy'', ''Family of the Year'', and ''Body of Proof''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1587669/characters/nm1699328</ref>''.'' Hagati aho, Shana yagaragaye no muri filime ''The Stream'', ''The Winning Season'', ''Asylum Seekers'', and ''Choose'' before her death. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe mu mwaka wa 2012, hasohotse filime eshanu: ''The Big Wedding'' (2013), a short film ''Going South'' (2013), ''An Ornament of Faith'' (2013), short film ''Wish You Were Here'' (2013), and ''Mistress America'' (2015).<ref>https://younghollywood.com/news/shana-dowdeswell-s-mother-calls-for-booze-crackdown.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1999 |''Fare Well Miss Fortune'' |uncredited |Film |- |2002 |''[[:en:Miracles_(TV_series)|Miracles]]'' |Eve |Film |- |2002 |''Garmento'' |Shopper |Film |- |2002 |''The Stream'' |The girl |Short film |- |2003 |''13 Going on 30'' |young Jenna |Film |- |2005 |''[[:en:Law_&_Order:_Criminal_Intent|Law & Order: Criminal Intent]]'' |Jordan Fernholz |TV Series |- |2007 |''Family of the Year'' |Tatum Sue Holloway |TV Series |- |2009 |''[[:en:Law_&_Order_(season_19)|Law & Order]]'' |Karen Johnson |TV Series |- |2009 |''[[:en:The_Winning_Season|The Winning Season]]'' |Molly |Film |- |2009 |''[[:en:Asylum_Seekers_(film)|Asylum Seekers]]'' |Girlfriend |Film |- |2009 |''[[:en:Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit|Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' |Nikki Sherman / Melissa |TV Series |- |2010 |''[[:en:Mercy_(TV_series)|Mercy]]'' |Abby Jansen |TV Series |- |2010 |''Mercy'' |Abby Jansen |Film |- |2011 |''Choose'' |Sara |TV Series |- |2011 |''[[:en:Body_of_Proof|Body of Proof]]'' |Maxine Hall / Maxine |TV Series |- |2013 |''Teamwork Like Wolves'' |Jeanie |TV Series |- |2013 |''[[:en:The_Big_Wedding|The Big Wedding]]'' |Waitress |Film |- |2013 |''Wish You Were Here'' |Michelle |Short film |- |2013 |''Going South'' |Martha |Short film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Mistress_America|Mistress America]]'' |Ruth |Film |- |2017 |''An Ornament of Faith'' |Fatima |Film |} == areferences == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 39ghrqyh7z44bzk3ogr8dfmpfegflsy 0 9528 80633 80516 2021-11-20T22:08:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alois Moyo''' (yavutse 28 Ukwakira 1966), ni umukinnyi wa filimi mu budage akaba yaravukiye muri [[Zimbabwe]] akaba na producer.<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Alois_Moyo</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''The Power of One'' na ''Iron Sky'' kimwe na ''serivise ya Tatort''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0610538/</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 28 Ukwakira 1966 i Bulawayo, muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Ubu atuye mu [[Budage]].<ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/494E21CAD4BB49A3ACAB9DB6FEB992A0</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi wa teatre mu 1986 akina ikinamico ''Citizen Mind'' <ref>https://www.zimlegends.com/2021/04/01/alois-moyo/</ref>. Mu 1980, Moyo yashinze ikinamico ya mbere nyafurika yitwa 'Amakhosi Township Square Cultural Centre' (ATSCC) muri [[Zimbabwe]] ikaba yarakoreshejwe nka karate-club ihinduka ikigo ndangamuco muri [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>https://search.co.zw/wiki/alois-moyo/</ref> Kuva mu 2005 ajya mu kuba mu [[Budage]] kandi akora nk'umukinnyi wa teatre, firime na TV. Yatangiye gukina sinema mu 1992 akoresheje filime ''Power of One'' iyobowe na John Avildsen aho yakinnye nk'umukinnyi w'iteramakofe wo muri [[Afurika]] ndetse no guharanira ubwisanzure<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-the-power-of-one-1991-alois-moyo-stephen-dorff-pwo-070-29260246.html</ref>. Igihe yabaga mu [[Budage]], yakoze umusaruro we wa mbere mu kidage witwa ''Die Zofen'' mu 2005 hanyuma ''Afurika Montage'' muri 2007<ref>http://www.international-actors.de/index.php?page=3&lang=de</ref>. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwayo, yakoze umusaruro wa kabiri mu [[Budage]] ''Steinstunde der Menschheit'' mu 2008.<ref>http://www.international-actors.de/index.php?page=3&lang=de</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1986 |''Cry Freedom'' | |film |- |1992 |''[[:en:The_Power_of_One_(film)|The Power of One]]'' |Gideon Duma |film |- |2000 |''Stitsha'' | |TV Series |- |2002 |''Sinjalo'' | |TV Series |- |2005 |''Amakorokoza'' |Spider |TV Series |- |2008 |''Traces'' | |TV Series |- |2009 |''Spuren'' |Will |Short film |- |2009 |''The Thick'' |Mbege |TV Series |- |2009 |''Der Dicke'' |Noahs Vater |TV Series |- |2010 |''Rausch'' |Laye Nawesi |Short film |- |2010 |''Die Käserei in Goldingen'' |Rashid Mamadou |TV Movie |- |2010 |''Verbotene Liebe'' |Fritz Sambu |film |- |2012 |''Heiter bis tödlich'' |Souleyman Kone |TV Series |- |2012 |''Iron Sky'' |NYC Taxi Driver |film |- |2012 |''Ein starkes Team'' |Laurent Soré |TV Series |- |2013 |''Heiter bis tödlich'' |Oba Obasiri |TV Series |- |2013 |''Der Bestatter'' |Jaja |TV Series |- |2015 |''Blindgänger'' |Kamali |TV Movie |- |2015 |''Großstadtrevier'' |Charles Gyan |TV Series |- |2015 |''[[:en:Tatort|Tatort]]'' |Bashir |TV Series |- |2015 |''Dahoam is Dahoam'' |Adunbi Guambo |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 2vgwip0ewd41uajuu8yxui5p9hlx1z0 0 9529 80634 80517 2021-11-20T22:27:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umar Krupp''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Gana]] na producer.<ref>https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2020/03/umar-krupp-biography-age-birthday-actor.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''House of Gold'' na ''Amakye na Dede'' .<ref>https://mybiohub.com/2016/08/umar-krupp-biography-age.html/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]]. == Umwuga == Muri 2015, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Pan Africa Cinema Awards (PACA). <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/30099/umar-krupp-double-d-others-win-pan-africa-awards.html</ref>Krupp yatowe nka Producer mwiza wa [[Afurika]] muri Nollywood Entertainment and Leadership Awards (NELAS) muri 2019 kubera gukora firime ''Accra Hustlers'' <ref>https://urstrulypraiz.wordpress.com/2018/08/09/ghanas-youngest-producer-umar-krupp-never-rested-after-sweeping-several-awards-at-the-golden-movie-awards-2018here-comes-accra-hustlers-urstruly-praiz/</ref>. Muri 2019, Krupp yayoboye ''Ama'' yasohotse mu ikinamico muri Mutarama 2020<ref>https://www.ghanafilmindustry.com/van-vicker-is-back-on-screens-in-a-new-umar-krupp-film-ama/</ref>. Muri 2018, yakinnye muri filime ''Babani'' . Nyuma yaje gutsindira ibihembo bine muri Golden Movie Awards harimo; City People Entertainment Award for Face of Ghana Movies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://12framesonline.com/2018/06/youngest-producer-actor-umar-krupp-tops-ghanaians-with-four-4-awards-at-the-golden-movie-awards/|title=Youngest Producer /Actor Umar Krupp tops Ghanaians with four -4 Awards at the Golden Movie Awards|publisher=12framesonline|accessdate=19 October 2020}}</ref>Muri 2020, umukinnyi wa filime Serwaa Akoto uri hafi kuza yaburiye umukinnyi Umar Krupp ku bijyanye no gutandukana na Krupp no kwishyura ibibazo umukinnyi wa filime<ref>https://www.mynewsgh.com/return-the-clothes-you-borrowed-for-your-girlfriend-actress-tells-umar-krupp/</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8578692/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2009 |''Close to Perfect'' | |Film |- |2013 |''[[:en:House_of_Gold_(film)|House of Gold]]'' |Peter Dan Ansah |Film |- |2013 |''Trip to Hell'' | |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Amakye_and_Dede|Amakye and Dede]]'' | |Film |- |2016 |''You May Kill the Bride'' | |Film |- |2017 |''Baabani'' | |Film |- |2019 |''Origin of Love'' | |Film |- |2020 |''Only You'' | |Film |- |2020 |''Saints In Crime'' | |Film |- |2020 |''Aisha'' |Latif |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] j5mgp0e86h7bwgcj7nq3vcx3pzsn9nf 0 9530 80635 80518 2021-11-20T22:50:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qwasi Blay Jnr.''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Gana]] <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Get-familiar-with-Ghanaian-most-wanted-actor-Qwasi-Blay-837322</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri firime ''Adoma'' na ''Grilled''<ref>https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2021/03/qwasi-blay-jnr-biography-age-pictures.html</ref> . Yagaragaye muri firime cumi neshanu na seri enye za TV<ref>https://sw.dokument.pp.ua/search/1?kw=1&q=quasi%20blay%20jr.</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavukiye muri [[Gana]] nk'umwana wa gatatu mu muryango ufite barumuna be batanu: abagabo bane n'umugore.<ref>https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2021/03/qwasi-blay-jnr-biography-age-pictures.html</ref> Yarangije amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye muri Great Lamptey Mills. Hanyuma yakomereje amashuri muri Aburi Secondary Technical (SHS)<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Get-familiar-with-Ghanaian-most-wanted-actor-Qwasi-Blay-837322</ref>. Amashuri makuru yayize muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Koforidua ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse (HND) mu kugura no gutanga.<ref>https://blakkpepper.com/2020/01/all-you-need-to-know-about-actor-qwasi-blay-jr-alias-most-wanted/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina mu 2016 akiri umwana, agaragara muri ''Gray Dust'', ''Grilled'', na serial ''Deju Vu'' <ref>https://beeniewords.com/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-ghanaian-most-wanted-actor-qwasi-blay-jnr/</ref>. Yahawe Best Entertainment Male honor at the tertiary level and best male entertainment act at the maiden edition of the Social Media Entertainment awards.<ref>https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201912/397770.php</ref> Nyuma yaje gutorwa nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu mwanya wa mbere mu nshuro ya 9 ya [[Gana]] Movie Awards kubera uruhare muri filime ''Adoma'' <ref>https://stories.showmax.com/the-rich-girl-ghana-series/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2019 |''Adoma'' | |Film |- |2020 |''2 Days After Friday'' | |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ko5mkvrg0ma7nw3w70lmoqgtelbg39y 0 9531 80636 80520 2021-11-20T22:59:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alphonse Menyo''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Gana]], azwi cyane muri filimi Freetow and Gold Coast Lounge<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6750035/bio</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]]. Se, Bernard Menyo, yakomokaga muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2081426/</ref>Yahoze ari umunyeshuri w'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Filime na Televiziyo (NAFTI). Bernard yatsindiye igihembo mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) kubera filime ''Whose fault'' <ref>https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/</ref>. Nyina wa Menyo, Eugenia, yakomokaga muri [[Gana]] yakoraga mu muryango utegamiye kuri Leta.<ref>https://ameyawdebrah.com/caroline-sampsons-son-prays-for-a-god-fearing-husband-for-his-mother/</ref> == Umwuga == Menyo yize muri Ghallywood Academy of Film Acting i Accra, muri [[Gana]] yiga sinema namakinamico.<ref>https://ghanandwom.net/film-utopia-premieres-august-27/</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina amakinamico mu 2009 akoresheje ikinamico. Muri 2015, yakinnye bwa mbere muri sinema muri filime yigenga y'Abanyamerika ''Freetown'' iyobowe na Garrett Batty. Filime yerekanwe mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime , kandi yatorewe ibihembo byinshi bya Gana Movie Awards<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/alphonse-menyo/bio/3030520922/</ref> . Menyo yerekanwe bwa mbere muri firime ''Utopia'' . Filime yakiriye ibihembo bine muri Ghana Movie Awards. Muri 2017, ''Utopia'' yabaye firime yonyine yo muri [[Gana]] yatowe kandi yerekanwa mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Helsinki (HAFF)<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Utopia-movie-promises-to-set-the-pace-in-Ghana-movie-industry-Director-465082</ref>. Muri 2017, yakinnye muri triller y'urukundo rugufi ''Black Rose'' iyobowe na Pascal Aka . Muri 2018, yinjiye muri Pascal Aka ubutaha, akina muri firime ngufi ya ''Ruswa''<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-cina-soul-others-nominated-for-africa-movie-academy-awards-2020/</ref> . Menyo yatsindiye igihembo cya Yaa Asantewaa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Black Star kubera uruhare rwe ndetse anegukana igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bagabo mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi ryabereye i [[Kinshasa]], muri [[Kongo]].<ref>https://ameyawdebrah.com/alphonse-menyo-ghanas-reigning-male-lead-actor/</ref> Yatoranijwe kugirango ahagararire [[Gana]] muri Theatre y'urubyiruko ya 2019 muri Egiputa. Nyuma yumwaka, yakinnye 'Daniel' muri film ya ''Gold Coast Lounge''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6750035/</ref> . Ku ruhare rwe, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri Gana Movie Awards 2019.<ref>https://production-11.com/actors/Alphonse+Menyo.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2015 |''[[:en:Freetown_(film)|Freetown]]'' |Meyers |Film |- |2017 |''Black Rose'' |Daniel |Short film |- |2020 |''Gold Coast Lounge'' |Daniel |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurica]] 027sqr6dazn6nq7k4895xvp8w3tcvqe 0 9532 80637 80521 2021-11-20T23:14:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Étalon de Yennenga''''' ni igihembo gihabwa abantu b'icyubahiro bagize uruhare muri ecran ya silver ya [[Burkinabe]], gitangwa na Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya Ouagadougou (FESPACO), mu rwego rwo gushimira Filime Nziza. Yatangiye bwa mbere mu 1972, ifatwa nkigihembo cyubahwa muri cinema ya [[Afurika|Afrika]]<ref>https://fr.africanews.com/2021/10/25/fespaco-2021-l-etalon-d-or-de-yennenga-pour-un-film-somalien/</ref><ref>https://www.voaafrique.com/a/fespaco-burkina-somalie-cinema-la-femme-du-fossoyeur-remporte-l-etalon-d-or-de-yennenga/6283265.html</ref>. == Amateka == 'Étalon de Yennenga' bisobanura Stallion ya Yennenga bivuga Umuganwakazi Yennenga, umugani washinze ubwami bwa Mossi, ubwoko bukuru muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/afrique/59068235</ref> Inkuru ya Yennenga yatangiriye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 12 mu bwami bwa Dagomba bwa Mossi. Abasirikare b'umwami wa Dagomba, Nedega, bari intwari kandi hafi buri gihe batsindaga imbaraga zose. Umukobwa wa Nedega, Yennenga, wari umugore w'ifarashi, kandi yari umuhanga mu gukoresha amacumu, amacumu n'umuheto.<ref>https://abb-burkina.org/2017/03/01/les-trophees-detalon-de-yennenga-histoire-et-symbolisme/</ref><ref>https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Fespaco+2019+-+L%27etalon+de+Yennenga+%3A+des+origines+au+grand+prix+du...-a0673736016</ref> == Igihembo == Irasangiwe na [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] abakora amafilime azwi cyane, Idrissa Ouedraogo . Ouedraogo yatsindiye igihembo cya Yennenga mu 1991 kubera filime ''Tilai'' <ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/fr/movie?id=5f1a07d8-5203-7838-5c30-ec08ac7f4834</ref>. Uwatsindiye iki gihembo ni Voltaïque Kollo Daniel Sanou mu 1983 hamwe na film ye ''Pawéogo'' (The Emigrant).<ref>https://www.voaafrique.com/a/burkina-faso-le-fespaco-%C3%A9pilogue--avec-le-sacre-de-l-etalon-d-or/6282140.html</ref> Muri 2005, FESPACO ya 19, ibihembo bibiri bishya byiswe "Stallion". Igikombe cya Stallion Award cyakozwe numucuzi wa Burkinabe Ali Nikiméa. Igihembo cya Yennenga gisanzwe gihinduka igihembo cyiza cya Yennenga, naho ibihembo bishya byitwa Yennenga Silver Standard na Yennenga Bronze Standard.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/somali-drama-wins-pan-african-film-festival-grand-prize-2021-10-23/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] sbnfql73kw17bth9oy8gdbkrle5mm1f 0 9533 80638 80522 2021-11-20T23:21:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thamsanqa 'Tamy' Moyo''' (yavutse 5 Mutarama 1998) numuhanzi wumuziki muri [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202111090473.html</ref> Yamenyekanye cyane mu ndirimbo ''Ndibereke ya'' ''2016 ndetse anagira'' uruhare muri film ya Gonarezhou 2020.<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Tamy_Moyo</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse ku ya 5 Mutarama 1998 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Ise Richard Kohola ni umunyamakuru muri Star FM Zimbabwe izwi cyane nka RK. Yarezwe na nyina Doris Moyo na sekuru Makwara<ref>https://gambakwe.com/2019/11/21/true-life-story-of-tamy-moyo/</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 7, yatangiye kuririmba cyane cyane muri korari nkuru. Yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Lusitania nyuma yiga Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Westridge mu mashuri yisumbuye. Afite imyaka 13 igihe yari muri Form One, yifatanije nabahanzi bazwi cyane Joe Thomas, Oliver Mtukudzi, Stunner, Ba Shupi, na Alexio Kawara. Nyuma yaje kuba Ambasaderi w’umwana muri Childline [[Zimbabwe]], aba umuhererezi wa [[Zimbabwe]] wabaye ambasaderi. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Tamy yashinze Korali Nyafurika yo muri [[Uganda]], afatanije n'abandi bakozi batatu mu gitaramo cyo gufasha mu busitani bwa Madison Square i New York.<ref>https://www.herald.co.zw/the-evolution-of-tamy-moyo/</ref><ref>https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2021/08/29/a-2022-grammy-award-for-tamy-moyo/</ref> Muri 2017, Tamy yatumiriwe gukina muri film ''Gonarezhou'' hamwe na producer wa firime, Sydney Taivavashe . Filime yakozwe ku bufatanye na Parike ya Zimbabwe hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibinyabuzima . Muri filime Tamy yakinnye nka 'Chipo' nka sinema ye ya mbere. Muri uwo mwaka, yatowe bwa mbere muri National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA awards) kubera kuba indashyikirwa mu nshingano ze<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202002250007.html</ref><ref>https://www.nyegenyege.com/artists/tamy-moyo/</ref>. Muri 2019, Tamy yatorewe kuba umuhanzi mwiza w’umugore ukomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] mu birori bya All Africa Music Award (AFRIMA) byabereye muri [[Gana]]<ref>https://youthvillage.co.zw/2019/08/jah-prayzah-tamy-moyo-ammara-brown-and-winky-d-all-nominated-for-afrima-awards/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2020 | ''Gonarezhou'' | Chipo | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 0v7y8mg31plwq5sdda8wedaagj82085 0 9534 80639 80523 2021-11-20T23:29:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tariro Mnangagwa''' (wavutse 1986) [[Zimbabwe|numukinnyi wa Zimbabwe]] no kubungabunga ibidukikije<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10556417/</ref>. Azwiho uruhare muri film ya ''Gonarezhou'' 2020. Ni umukobwa muto wa perezida wa [[Zimbabwe]], Emmerson Mnangagwa <ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65657285&lang=en</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Mnangagwa yavukiye i [[Harare]] kwa Perezida Emmerson Mnangagwa na Jayne Matarise, wapfuye ku ya 31 Mutarama 2002 [[Kanseri yo mu mura|azize kanseri y'inkondo y'umura]] <ref>https://ke.opera.news/ke/en/entertainment/d2d6a7af919c82bae040827b4e23ab4e</ref>. Mnangagwa afite barumuna be batanu: Farai, Tasiwa, Vimbayi, Tapiwa, na Emmerson Tanaka. Afite kandi barumuna be batatu bavukana kuva se yashyingiwe bwa kabiri. Mnangagwa yabonye Impamyabumenyi mu mafoto yabigize umwuga muri Cape Town's CityVarsity. Yarangije kandi icyubahiro mu micungire ya siporo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Cape Peninsula .<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Tariro_Mnangagwa</ref><ref>https://www.cnn.com/search?q=%20AIM%20ASX</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo gusubira muri [[Zimbabwe]], Mnangagwa yifatanije na Akashinga, ishami ry’abagore barwanya inyamanswa<ref>https://iharare.com/meet-tariro-mnangagwa/</ref>. Nyuma yaje kuba umunyamuryango w’ingabo z’abagore barwanya ishimutwa ry'inyamanswa zitwa International Anti-Poaching Foundation <ref>https://www.savetheelephants.org/about-elephants/elephant-news-post?detail=zimbabwe-mnangagwa-daughter-joins-elite-anti-poaching-unit</ref>. Nyuma gato, yatumiwe gukina muri film ''Gonarezhou'' bafatanya gutunganya film, Sydney Taivavashe . Filime yakozwe ku bufatanye na Parike ya Zimbabwe hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibinyabuzima . Muri filime Tariro yakinnye nka 'Serija Onai' ndetse anakora film<ref>https://ng.opera.news/tags/tariro-mnangagwa</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2020 |''[[:en:Gonarezhou_(film)|Gonarezhou]]'' |Sergeant Onai |Film |- |2021 |''[[:en:The_Story_of_Nehanda_(film)|The Story of Nehanda]]'' |Jane Shonhiwa |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] skne3euje93948oxxf7umsaa99wfiek 0 9535 80640 80524 2021-11-20T23:34:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Olympia''''', ni Ikinamico y'urukundo muri Amerika yo muri 2018 iyobowe na Gregory Dixon nk'umukinnyi wambere kandi afatanije na McKenzie Chinn, Gregory Dixon, Lucy Lola Manda na Elliott Lonsdale kumashusho 30, Isosiyete ikora umurongo wa firime<ref>http://reelhonestreviews.com/6563-2/</ref><ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/olympia_2018</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo McKenzie Chinn mu mwanya w’icyubahiro mu gihe Charles Andrew Gardner, Ericka Ratcliff, LaNisa Renee Frederick na Penelope Walker bagize uruhare runini.<ref>https://www.dixonimage.com/profile</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://beloitfilmfest.org/films/olympia/</ref>. Yagaragaye bwa mbere ku ya 22 Nzeri 2018 mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Los Angeles. Hanyuma yerekanwe ku ya 15 Ukwakira 2018 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Chicago ku ya 5 Mata 2019 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya RiverRun <ref>https://riverrunfilm.com/film/olympia-narrative</ref>.<ref>https://www.yesweekly.com/film/riverrun-announces-2019-film-lineup-ode-to-joy-this-changes-everything-to-open-spotlight-on/article_c4b31e19-bcce-587b-a909-13223fa44332.html</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.famousfix.com/topic/olympia-2018-film</ref> == * McKenzie Chinn nka Olympia Welles * Charles Andrew Gardner nka Felix * Ericka Ratcliff nka Jemma * LaNisa Renee Frederick nka Grace * Penelope Walker nka Angie * Sadieh Rifai nka AJ * Shane Kenyon nkumuvumo wumugabo Dan * Leah Karpel nka Shane * Stef Tovar nka Scott * Kelly O'Sullivan nka Becca * Charin Alvarez nka Gabriella * Larry Neumann Jr. nka Jerry * Andereya Goetten nka Toph * Joshua Rollins nka Natani * Ben Fox nk'Umuhigi * Cortney Mckenna nk'umuforomo (nka Courtney McKenna) * Lee Palmer nka Stan * Nyimah Zavaleta nka Young Olympia * Timothy Farrell nka Tony * Emmy Neira nka Jen == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 78cvkhckegr8q8opl942vn3ayfzw1zx 0 9536 80641 80525 2021-11-21T04:32:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Tale of Four''''', ni filime ngufi yo muri [[Amerika]] yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Gabourey Sidibe nk'umukinnyi we wa mbere ikanakorwa na Kia Perry, Lisa Cortes na Shannon Gibson<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/gabourey-sidibe-tale-of-four/</ref>. filimi igenda izunguruka mubagore bane batandukanye bafite inzira enye zitandukanye aho igishekeje ubuzima bwabo bwose burahura<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-tale-of-four/</ref>. Ishingiye ku ndirimbo ""Four Women" yaririmbwe na nyakwigendera umuririmbyi akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa politiki Nina Simone<ref>https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2010/10/175793/gabourey-sidibe-the-tale-of-four-movie-interview</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Ledisi Young, Meagan Kimberly Smith, Dana Gourrier na Aisha Hinds<ref>https://www.blackfilm.com/read/2017/10/watch-gabourey-sidibe-short-the-tale-of-four-online/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime.<ref>https://www.blackwomendirectors.co/gabourey-sidibe</ref> Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Nzeri 2016 mu mujyi wa New York, muri New York hanyuma yerekanwa ku ya 25 Kamena 2017 mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Nantucket<ref>https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2010/10/175793/gabourey-sidibe-the-tale-of-four-movie-interview</ref> . Yatsindiye igihembo cya filimi ngufi nziza mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Urbanworld 2017<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/gabourey-sidibe-talks-image-consciousness-entertainment-1016766/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5968056/</ref> == * Ledisi Nyamwasa nka nyirasenge Sara * Meagan Kimberly Smith nka Saffronia * Dana Gourrier nkibintu byiza * Aisha Hinds nka Peach * Brett Gray nka Greg * Jacob Berger nkumuyobozi wa Shields * Daniel G. Cunningham nka Jason * Ta'Rhonda Jones nka Mushikiwabo * Okema Moore nka Jesse * Jussie Smollett * Phyllis Yvonne Stickney * Victoria Wallace nka Quincy == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 9g83dndtqpjlpsj1vmf305e6gfxkjly 0 9537 80643 80526 2021-11-21T04:45:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ben & Ara''''', ni Filime yikinamico ya [[Kameruni]] iyobowe na Nnegest Likké ayikorana na Joseph Baird, Constance Ejuma, Q'orianka Kilcher, Matthew Norsworthy na Samone Norsworthy for Nursing Tybalt Productions, Wonder Worthy Productions na N- vision production<ref>https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/ben-ara-feature-film</ref><ref>https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/dvd-ben-ara-joseph-baird/29949515</ref>. Filime izenguruka abakandida 2 ba PhD, umwe w’umuyisilamu wo muri [[Afurika]] undi agnostic, aho batangira gukundana nyuma yo guhurira mu nzu ndangamurage ariko nyuma bakavumbura ko urukundo hagati yimico itandukanye n’amadini rushobora kugira ingaruka.<ref>https://mubi.com/films/ben-ara</ref><ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2014/12/crowdfunding-ben-ara-film-directed-by.html</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Joseph Baird na Constance Ejuma mu nshingano zabo, hamwe na Akuyoe Graham, Q'orianka Kilcher, Michael Chieffo na William Mark McCullough mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://winterfilmawards.com/film/wfa16-ben-ara/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi ndetse ikanerekanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime<ref>https://winterfilmawards.com/film/wfa16-ben-ara/</ref>. Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Nzeri 2015 mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi ryigenga rya Miami. Muri 2016, film yatsindiye ibihembo byamafoto meza n’umukinnyi mwiza mu iserukiramuco rya Filime Indie<ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2014/12/crowdfunding-ben-ara-film-directed-by.html</ref>. Umukinnyi w'amafirime nyamukuru Constance Ejuma yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Nevada<ref>https://sime.nu/black-rifle-ioy/bc2fb4-ben-and-ara</ref>. Muri 2016, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza ya Diaspora muri African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA).<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.nnegest-likke.18454.html</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.familyvideo.com/ben-ara-513009</ref> == * Joseph Baird nka Ben * Constance Ejuma nka Ara * Akuyoe Graham nka Quismah * Q'orianka Kilcher nka Gabrielle * Michael Chieffo nka Porofeseri Hayes * William Mark McCullough nka Manny * Momo Dione nka Najeeb * Emily Saliers nka Andrea * Craig Michael Beck nka Frank * Mildred Aldaya nka Sasha * Elizabeth Brewster nk'umunyamabanga 2 * Ubukorikori bwa Haley nka Maxine * Kristian Nicole Jackson nk'umunyamabanga 1 * Julie Kessler nka Muganga * Austin Martin nka Nnegest Likke ' * Charlotte Norsworthy nka Jessica * Samone Norsworthy nka Lana * Nital Patel nka Porofeseri Chopra * James W. Ryder nka Ken * Dustin Seabolt nka Vaughn * Pepi Streiff nka Porofeseri wumugore (ijwi) * Ryan Surratt nka Mark Chatham * Alyssa Taylor nka Carol * Ben Youcef nka Johnnie == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7eg5u2w6tng7lgz1hnxlx3lt3y0ju47 0 9538 80644 80527 2021-11-21T04:52:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Finding Samuel Lowe: From Harlem to China''''', ni film documentaire ya [[Jamayike]] 2015 iyobowe kandi ikorwa na Jeanette Kong<ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/product/finding-samuel-lowe-from-harlem-to-china-dvd</ref>. Filime irazenguruka uwahoze ari umuyobozi wa tereviziyo, Paula Williams Madison na bakuru be bombi; Elrick na Howard Williams bagiye gushakisha kugira ngo bamenye uko byagendekeye sekuru wabo w'abashinwa witwa Samuel Lowe, wasize nyina wabo w'umushinwa-Jamayike Nell Vera Lowe, mu myaka ya za 1930 muri [[Jamayika|Jamayike]]<ref>https://ttfilmfestival.com/film/finding-samuel-lowe-from-harlem-to-china</ref><ref>https://www.kinolorber.com/film/finding-samuel-lowe-from-harlem-to-china</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.libraryjournal.com/?reviewDetail=finding-samuel-lowe-from-harlem-to-china</ref>. Igitaramo cyacyo cya mbere ku rwego rw’igihugu cyabaye ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2017, Umuyoboro w’isi wa Doc World kandi washyizwe kumurongo ku buntu guhera ku ya 15 Gicurasi - 13 Kamena 2017<ref>https://worldchannel.org/episode/finding-samuel-lowe/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe ku ya 8 Gashyantare 2014 mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya [[Afurika]] .<ref>http://findingsamuellowe.com/video</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://mubi.com/films/finding-samuel-lowe-from-harlem-to-china/cast</ref> == * Paula Williams Madison * Elrick Williams * Howard Williams * Vincent J. Impinduka * Stephen Young Chin * Anthony 'Harry' Harrison * Ouida Harrison * Andrea Lowe * Anthony 'Tony' Lowe * Chow Woo Lowe * Keith Lowe * Loraine Lowe * Minjun Luo * Siqi Luo * Seth George Ramocan * Carol Wong * Yamazaki Yap == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 81n2mi8w7ebj8fzz26qnocdwznzlb22 0 9539 80645 80528 2021-11-21T04:58:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Evolutionary Blues: West Oakland's Music Legacy''''', ni film documentaire yo muri [[Amerika]] yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Cheryl Fabio ikaba yarakoranye numuyobozi ubwe hamwe na KTOP hamwe na Sarah Webster Fabio Centre yubutabera<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7401296/</ref><ref>https://www.oaklandlibrary.org/events/west-oakland-branch/evolutionary-blues-west-oakland-s-music-legacy</ref>. Iyi filime irazenguruka umucuranzi wa West Oakland na Oakland Blues aho yasobanuye iterambere nyuma y'intambara yagize ingaruka ku Banyamerika ndetse n'umurage wabo wa muzika.<ref>https://diversity.lbl.gov/2020/02/10/evolutionary-blues-west-oaklands-music-legacy-february-19-2020/</ref><ref>https://kpfa.org/event/evolutionary-blueswest-oaklands-music-legacy/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.bluesblastmagazine.com/evolutionary-blueswest-oaklands-musical-legacy/</ref>. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Grand Lake Theatre ku ya 27 Nzeri 2017<ref>https://bluesroadhouse.com/2021/01/25/evolutionary-blues-west-oaklands-music-legacy-puts-the-blues-into-its-historical-context/</ref>. == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7401296/</ref> == * Alabama Mike * Betty Marvin * Dalhart Johnson * D'Wayne P. Wiggins * Electra Kimble Igiciro * Dynamic Miss Faye Carol * Freddie W. Hughes * Negrito * Geoffrey Pete * Hartfield Bavandimwe * Chauncey Crosby * David C Hartfield, Sr. * Robert Hartfield * Isabel Wilkerson * James A. Levi * James C. Moore, Sr. * Jesse James * John Turk * Umukecuru Bianca * Larry Payton * Larry Vann * Lee Hildebrand * Leon “Denianke” Williams * Lenny Williams * Marvin Holmes * Nicholas Harper * Paul Tillman Smith * Rickey Vincent * Robert Geddins, Jr. * Robert O. Kwigenga * Ronald A. Iriba * Ronnie K. Stewart * Sonny Rhodes * Isukari Pie DeSanto * “Tom biteye ubwoba” Bowden, Jr. * Wylie Trass == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] n49fkwjo9bq2puwjt2jd3eayj9nhymc 0 9540 80646 80529 2021-11-21T05:04:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kbela''''', ni filime ngufi yo muri Berezile 2015 iyobowe na Yasmin Thayna ikorwa na Princeton yo muri Berezile LAB<ref>https://kbela.org/</ref>. Filime yibanze ku ivanguramoko ryinjira mu buzima bw'abagore b'abirabura muri [[Burezile|Berezile]].<ref>https://www.assistebrasil.com.br/direcoes/premiado-curta-kbela-de-yasmin-thayna-e-disponibilizado-online/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2019/films/kbela</ref>. Iyi filime yasohotse mu [[Buholandi]] ku ya 24 Mutarama 2019 mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime Rotterdam <ref>https://mubi.com/films/kbela</ref>. Ku ya 28 Ukwakira 2019, yasohotse mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://meiramonteiro.com/portfolio/kbela-leiamulheres/</ref>. Muri 2017, iyi filime yahawe igihembo cyiza cya [[Afurika]] Diaspora Igihembo cya [[Afurika]] cyatanzwe na Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA).<ref>http://www.goianiamostracurtas.com.br/18/personalidades/yasmin-thayna/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Monique Rocco * Isabél Zuaa  == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hd9ozmw1tv0awrdtnmruzjbitkchki6 0 9541 80647 80530 2021-11-21T05:10:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Nyakuron Cultural Centre''' (or '''NCC''') ni ikigo cya leta gifite kandi kigenzurwa gishinzwe kubungabunga, guteza imbere sinema n’umuco muri [[Sudani]] yepfo <ref>https://www.petitfute.co.uk/v57983-juba/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c958-musee/439936-nyakuron-cultural-centre.html</ref><ref>https://jubainthemaking.com/nyakuron-cultural-centre/</ref>. == Amateka == Centre ya Nyakuron yubatswe nyuma y’amasezerano ya Addis Abeba yo mu 1972, arangiza intambara ya mbere ya Sudani<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyakuron-cultural-centre</ref> . Iki kigo cyafunguwe ku mugaragaro mu 1976 kiyobowe na Abel Alier<ref>https://jubainthemaking.com/nyakuron-cultural-centre/</ref> . Uruganda runini rwarimo ubusitani bunini, ikibuga cyo hanze, inzu yimyidagaduro, club nijoro hamwe na kazino. Benshi mu minsi mikuru yumuco yaho ndetse n’amahanga ikorerwa muri santere, irimo; Iserukiramuco ryamahoro rya Hagana, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Juba, igitaramo cya Kilkilu Ana, amarushanwa mpuzamahanga ya bokisi ndetse n’imurikagurisha<ref>https://yellow.place/en/nyakuron-cultural-centre-juba-south-sudan</ref><ref>https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/south-sudan-laughs-its-way-to-peace/50000262-4025694</ref>. Uretse ibyo, iranakodeshwa mubikorwa byihariye nk'ubukwe<ref>https://www.jubamonitor.com/arts-for-peace-building-forum-aborts-at-the-last-moment/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] d0u6931amduez9csktqnop8wc8xy8ns 0 9542 80648 80531 2021-11-21T05:22:58Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheik Doukouré''' (wavutse 1943), ni umukinnyi wa firime wa [[Gineya]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film yamamaye cyane ''Le Ballon d'Or''<ref>https://blogs.mediapart.fr/cedric-lepine/blog/250121/le-ballon-d-or-un-film-de-cheik-doukoure</ref> . Uretse filime, kandi ni filime screenwriter na film producer<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-golden-ball-le-ballon-dor/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1943 i Kankan, muri [[Gineya]] kandi yize amashuri abanza i Conakry . Mu 1964, yavuye muri [[Gineya]] yimukira i [[Paris|Paris mu]] [[Bufaransa]].<ref>http://africanfilmny.org/films/paris-according-to-moussa-paris-selon-moussa/</ref> Yarangije impamyabumenyi y’ubuvanganzo bugezweho muri kaminuza ya Sorbonne mu 1964, mu nyuguti zigezweho kandi icyarimwe muri Cours Simon hanyuma muri Konserwatori ya rue Blanche mu 1965.<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=4824.html</ref> == Umwuga == Igihe yari mu [[Bufaransa]], yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi mu ikinamico no kuri televiziyo. Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70, Doukouré yatangiye kwandika amashusho yatangiranye na ''Bako, l'autre rive'' mu 1978 hanyuma ikina umukino ''uzwi cyane wa Black Mic Mac'' mu 1986.<ref>https://www.unifrance.org/annuaires/personne/119110/cheik-doukoure</ref> Mu 1986, yerekanye sinema ye ya mbere muri firime ''Les Ripoux'' . Yakinnye kandi muri filime ishimwa cyane 1994 ''Un indien dans la ville''<ref>https://www.alamy.com/le-ballon-dor-year-1994-france-guinea-director-cheik-doukoure-aboubacar-sidiki-sumah-image355261949.html</ref> . Mu 1991, yerekanwe bwa mbere mu buyobozi na Blanc d'ebene ibera muri Gineya mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Mu 1993, yashinze isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa muri [[Gineya]]: 'Bako Productions<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/11118/le-ballon-d-or</ref>'. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yasohoye igice cye cya kabiri ''Le Ballon d'Or'' . Filime yibanze ku muhinzi wo muri [[Afurika]] wabaye umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru. Mu 2001, yakoze firime ''Les Films de l'Alliance'' hamwe n'umwanditsi we Danielle Ryan<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.paris-selon-moussa.335.html</ref>. Muri 2001, yakoze kandi akora muri ''Paris selon Moussa'' . Mu 2003, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umugabo usobanura mu nshuro ya 18 y'iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) kubera uruhare yagize i Paris nk'uko Moussa abitangaza<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3702</ref>.<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/cheik-doukoure/3702</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.cinefil.com/star/cheik-doukoure</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2003 |''Paris selon Moussa'' |Actor: Moussa Sidibé |Film | |- |1972 |''Chut!'' |Actor |Film | |- |1972 |''Elle cause plus, elle flingue'' |Actor: Un habitant du bidonville |Film | |- |1973 |''A Rare Bird'' |Actor |Film | |- |1974 |''Chinese in Paris'' |Actor: Un dignitaire africain |Film | |- |1975 |''The Man Without a Face'' |Actor: Le travailleur noir |TV mini series | |- |1975 |''Les compagnons d'Eleusis'' |Actor: Oudhir |TV Series | |- |1978 |''L'état sauvage'' |Actor: Minister of Children's Affairs |Film | |- |1978 |''Bako, the Other Shore'' |Actor: Camara Lamine, Writer |Film | |- |1979 |''Le maître-nageur'' |Actor: Le Noir |Film | |- |1980 |''Les 400 coups de Virginie'' |Actor: Un terrassier |TV mini series | |- |1980 |''Operation Leopard'' |Actor |Film | |- |1980 |''Les mystères de Paris'' |Actor: Le médecin |TV Series | |- |1981 |''Un dessert pour Constance'' |Actor: Mamadou |TV Series | |- |1981 |''The Professional'' |Actor: Le docteur infirmerie |Film | |- |1982 |''L'apprentissage de la ville '' |Actor: Le valet |TV Series | |- |1982 |''Merci Bernard'' |Actor |TV Series | |- |1982 |''Paris Saint-Lazare'' |Actor: L'infirmier togolais |Film | |- |1982 |''Le corbillard de Jules'' |Actor: Dimba |Film | |- |1982 |''L'appât du gain'' |Actor |Film | |- |1983 |''Médecins de nuit'' |Actor: Mamadou |TV Series | |- |1983 |''Cinéma 16'' |Actor: Toussaint |TV Series | |- |1983 |''Suicides'' |Actor |Film | |- |1984 |''Frankenstein 90'' |Actor: Witness at the slaughterhouse |Film | |- |1984 |''My New Partner'' |Actor: Le marabout |Film | |- |1985 |''Kubyre'' |Actor |Film | |- |1986 |''Follow My Gaze'' |Actor |Film | |- |1986 |''Black Mic Mac'' |Actor: Mamadou, Writer |Film | |- |1986 |''Les frères Pétard'' |Actor: Sammy |Film | |- |1988 |''Ya bon les blancs'' |Actor |Film | |- |1988 |''Série noire'' |Actor: King |TV Series | |- |1988 |''Ada in the Jungle'' |Actor |Film | |- |1989 |''Les maris, les femmes, les amants'' |Actor: Pierre-André |Film | |- |1990 |''Les nouveaux chevaliers du ciel'' |Actor: Djama |TV Series | |- |1990 |''L'alligator'' |Actor |Film | |- |1991 |''Cheb'' |Actor: Le chauffeur malien |Film | |- |1991 |''La valse des pigeons'' |Actor |Film | |- |1991 |''Blanc d'ébène'' |Actor: Le capitaine Traoré, Director, screenwriter |Film | |- |1993 |''Antoine Rives, juge du terrorisme'' |Actor: L'ambassadeur congolais à Paris |TV Series | |- |1994 |''Les cinq dernières minutes'' |Actor: Le gardien |TV Series | |- |1994 |''Le cri du coeur'' |Actor: Mamadou |Film | |- |1994 |''Little Indian, Big City'' |Actor: Mr. Bonaventure |Film | |- |1994 |''Le Ballon d'Or'' |Director, Writer |Film | |- |1995 |''L'homme aux semelles de vent'' |Actor: Mélénik |TV Series | |- |1996 |''Hi Cousin!'' |Actor: Le voisin |Film | |- |1998 |''Chez ma tante'' |Actor |TV Series | |- |2000 |''Lumumba'' |Actor: Joseph Okito |Film | |- |2002 |''Et demain, Paula?'' |Actor: Louis |TV Series | |- |2003 |''Paris selon Moussa'' |Actor: Moussa Sidibé, Director, Producer, Writer |Film | |- |2006 |''Le grand appartement'' |Actor: Oussamba |Film | |- |2006 |''Africa paradis'' |Actor: Kobaou |Film | |- |2009 |''Homeless Without You'' |Actor: Tonton Fall, Writer |TV Series | |- |2012 |''Clash'' |Actor: Théophile |TV Series | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Abanyagineya]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ftu104e5o3ob8bbqzclv2gmcujy6i0e 0 9543 80649 80532 2021-11-21T05:39:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Étienne Goyémidé''' (22 Mutarama 1942-17 Werurwe 1997), yari [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|umunyaCentral African]] w'umwanditsi w'ibikino na filimi.<ref name=":0">https://www.babelio.com/auteur/tienne-Goyemide/170279</ref> Azwiho kuba umwanditsi ''wibitabo byamamaye cyane'' ''Le silence de la forêt'' and ''Dernier Survivant de la caravane''<ref>https://ecritures.univ-lorraine.fr/theses/theses-en-cours/la-litterature-centrafricaine-au-prisme-de-loeuvre-detienne-goyemide</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Mutarama 1942 i Ippy, [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] mu muryango w'abahinzi. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 1992, yari Minisitiri w’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi. Mu 1993, yahawe inkunga n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibitabo mu [[Bufaransa]]<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=303666161</ref>. Nyuma yaje kugirwa Minisitiri w’uburezi hanyuma aba Ambasaderi w’icyubahiro wa UNESCO. Yabaye kandi muri Troupe des Griots mbere yo kuyobora Troupe yigihugu ya [[Afurika|Afrika]] yo hagati.<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n86075266</ref> Goyémidé yapfuye ku ya 17 Werurwe 1997 afite imyaka 55<ref name=":0" />.<ref>https://www.centrafriqueledefi.com/pages/biographies-histoire/centrafrique-le-silence-de-la-foret-etienne-goyemide.html</ref> == Umwuga == Goyémidé yabonye impamyabumenyi mu bumenyi bw'uburezi kimwe na dipolome y'Icyongereza. Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu ayoboye ishuri risanzwe ryabarimu i Bangui.<ref>http://www.mmobaye.com/260/fondation-etienne-goyemide-lance-un-appel-aux-dons-de-livres</ref> Nyuma yaje gukora mu ishami ry’uburezi kandi yari umuyobozi w’icapiro. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa Troupe yigihugu bya [[Afurika|Afrika]] yo hagati.<ref>http://afribd.africultures.com/personne.php?no=3527</ref> Mu 1984, yanditse igitabo cye kizwi cyane cyitwa ''Le quiet de la forêt (Guceceka kw'ishyamba)'' . Iyi nkuru yibanze ku nkuru y’umukozi wa leta wo muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati uta ibintu byose ngo ajye gutembera mumashyamba ahura na pyinga pygmies. Igitabo cyaje guhuzwa na sinema mu 2003 na Didier Florent Ouénangaré na Bassek Ba Kobhio<ref>https://www.lesfrancophonies.fr/GOYEMIDE-Etienne</ref> . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yari no mu gutoranya abayobozi ba Fortnight mu bayobozi ba Cannes 2003. Mu 2003, yakiriwe mu buryo budasanzwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime 2003 ryitwa Francophone de Namur (FIFF).<ref>https://www.wikit.wiki/blog/en/Le_silence_de_la_for%C3%AAt</ref> Hanyuma mu 1985 yanditse igitabo cyitwa ''Dernier Survivant de la caravane (Umucikacumu wa nyuma wa Caravan)'' . Yibanze ku bucakara bw’Abanyafrika birabura bwakozwe n’abayisilamu bo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru aho Ngalandji avuga ikinamico y'umudugudu we mu gihugu cya Banda . Yatsinze amarushanwa ya RFI kubwinkuru ngufi nziza mururimi rwigifaransa inshuro nyinshi.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20190612-editions-oubangui-litterature-centrafrique-rca</ref> === Igikorwa c'ikinamico === * ''La petite leçon'', 1976 * ''Le Monsieur de Paris'', 1978 * ''Au pied du Kapokier'', 1978 * ''Mes yubaha Monsieur le Directeur'', 1978 * ''Le vertige'', 1981 * ''Les mangeurs de poulets crevés'', 1983 * ''Responsabilité hamwe'', 1988 * ''Demain ... la liberté'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ofz3mp2shmm4xri0w0vkm1v9pyqs1h9 0 9544 80650 80533 2021-11-21T05:46:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barlen Pyamootoo''' (yavutse 27 Nzeri 1960), ni umwanditsi ukora na filimi wo muri Mauritius<ref>https://iwp.uiowa.edu/writers/parmeshivan-pyamootoo</ref> . Azwiho kuba umuyobozi wa firime ''Bénarès'' <ref>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2891662.Barlen_Pyamootoo</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 27 Nzeri 1960 i Trou d'Eau Douce, muri Maurice nk'umwana wa gatatu mu muryango wa Tamil ufite barumuna be umunani. Igihe yari afite imyaka 12, nyina yavuye mu rugo ajya gukora mu [[Budage]]. Mu 2006, nyina yishwe na bisi igihe yabaga muri Trou d'Eau Douce<ref>https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/title/benares/author/pyamootoo-barlen/</ref>.<ref>https://www.indeauville.fr/pyamootoo</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1977, Pyamootoo yagiye muri kaminuza ya Strasbourg hamwe na se yiga igifaransa n'indimi. Hanyuma yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Diplôme d'études (DEA) mu bumenyi bw'indimi na DEA mu bumenyi bw'uburezi. Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu w’amabaruwa mu [[Bufaransa]] kuva 1987 kugeza 1993<ref>https://ile-en-ile.org/pyamootoo/</ref>. Mu 1995, yasubiye muri Maurice yitangira kwandika no gutangaza<ref>https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Barlen-Pyamootoo/147036</ref>. Niwe washinze kandi akayobora ibigo bibiri byandika ''Alma'' yashinzwe mu 2005 na ''L'Atelier d'écriture'' yashinzwe mu 2009<ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/par-les-temps-qui-courent/barlen-pyamootoo</ref>. Amaze kugaruka, yanditse igitabo cye cya mbere ''Bénarès'' . Icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 39. Hanyuma mu 2002, yanditse igitabo cye cya kabiri ''Le Tour de Babilone'' . Muri 2008 yanditse ''Salogi'' icyubahiro nyina. Yatangiye kwandika igitabo gikurikira ''L'île de poissons toxiques'' mu 2002 hanyuma ahagarara muri 2005. Yatangiye imirimo muri 2013 nyuma asohoka muri 2017.<ref>http://inter.pyramidefilms.com/pyramidefilms-international-catalogue/barlen-pyamootoo.html</ref> Mu 2005 yakoze filime ye ya mbere ''Bénarès'' mu rwego rwo guhuza igitabo cye gifite izina rimwe. <ref>https://www.sampsoniaway.org/literary-voices/2013/02/26/barlen-pyamootoo-there-is-no-passport-in-literature/</ref> Iyi filime ivuga ku basore babiri bazengurutse Maurice aho bahura n'abagore babiri babashimishije<ref>http://www.academia.edu/27536344/Between_words_and_images_A_comparative_study_of_Barlen_Pyamootoos_B%C3%A9nar%C3%A8s_and_its_film_adaptation</ref>. Hamwe na firime, Pyamootoo abaye umukinnyi wa mbere wa firime wa Maurice wakoresheje igikerewole cya Maurice muri film.<ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/personne-barlen-pyamootoo.html</ref> === Akazi k'umwanditsi === * ''Bénarès'', 1999 * ''Le Tour de Babilone'', 2002 * ''Salogi's'', 2008 * ''Uburozi bwa L'île de poissons'', 2017 * ''Whitman'', 2019 == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qs3cf0mlfdjqthtx3dyccqqe84w6a0v 0 9545 80651 80534 2021-11-21T05:56:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nasib Farah 2018.jpg|thumb|'''Nasib Farah''']] '''Nasib Farah''' (yavutse 1981), ni umunyasomaliya uba muri [[Danimarike|danimarke]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane My COUSIN PIRATE ,''Warrior from the North'' and ''Lost warrior'' . Usibye gukora amafilime, ni umunyamakuru, umusemuzi, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro, umufasha wigisha akaba n'umugiraneza.<ref>https://www.dfi.dk/en/viden-om-film/filmdatabasen/person/nasib-farah</ref><ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3591/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri [[Somaliya]] mu 1981. Mu 1990 yahunze [[Mogadishu]] n'umuryango we nyuma y'intambara yo muri [[Somaliya]].<ref>https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html</ref> Icyakora, yabuze umuryango we igihe yarokoka hanyuma ahungira ku mupaka yerekeza muri [[Etiyopiya]], mbere yo guhaguruka mu [[Budage]] arangije atura muri [[Danimarike]].<ref>http://zagrebdox.net/en/2015/program/special_programme/middleast/warriors_from_the_north</ref> Ku ikubitiro yari impunzi itaraherekejwe nyuma akurira mu kigo cya Croix Rouge cyo muri [[Danemarike]] Avnstrup hafi ya Lejre. Yashakanye n’umugore wo muri [[Danemarke]], babyarana abana.<ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/danish-documentary-film-directors</ref> == Umwuga == Yatoje nk'umucuruzi kandi akora nk'umunyamakuru wigenga imyaka mike. Nyuma yaje gushinga umuryango udaharanira inyungu wibanda ku gufasha abandi basore bo muri [[Somaliya]] binyuze mu kwigisha no nyuma y’ishuri<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/9/11/telling-the-stories-of-somalias-lost-warriors</ref>. Yifashishije iryo shyirahamwe kugira ngo agaragaze ibyamubayeho, Farah yatangije gahunda ya tereviziyo y'abaturage yitwa 'Qaran TV' ku baturage ba [[Somaliya]] muri [[Danimarike]].<ref>https://www.goethe.de/ins/ts/en/m/ver.cfm?date_start=%7Bts+%272016-04-01+00%3A00%3A00%27%7D&fuseaction=events.displayoutputtype&date_end=%7Bts+%272016-04-30+23%3A59%3A59%27%7D&</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Farah yagize uruhare runini muri filime My COUSIN PIRATE, iyobowe na Christian Sønderby Jepsen<ref>https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C1795815/my-cousin-pirate</ref>. Icyakora buri gihe yakeneraga gukora nk'umuyobozi aho kuba umukinnyi.<ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65634006&lang=en</ref> Muri 2015, yakoze ''filime yambere ya Warriors kuva mumajyaruguru'' . Yamamaye cyane kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Muri 2018, yayoboye documentaire ya kabiri ''Lost Warrior ari'' kumwe n'umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Danemarike]] Søren Steen Jespersen<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-2pmce0/my-cousing-the-pirate/</ref><ref>https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5be625c97d395</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |2010 |''[[:en:My_Cousin_the_Pirate|My Cousin the Pirate]]'' |Co-director, Narrator |- |2014 |''The Newsroom: Off the Record'' |Himself |- |2014 |''Snapdocs - here is jonas suspected killer'' |Editorial staff |- |2015 |''Warriors from the North'' |Director |- |2016 |''Mogadishu Soldier'' |Translator |- |2017 |''Præsidenten fra Nordvest'' |Production manager |- |2018 |''Lost Warrior'' |Director |- |2019 |''Q's barbershop'' |Instructor Assistant |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] p76903uagduv20si14jsh3stmw6gl3e 0 9546 80538 2021-11-18T14:20:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 Proyezu moved page [[Laetitia Nyinawamwiza]] to [[Depite Cécile Murumunawabo]]: guhindura izina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Depite Cécile Murumunawabo]] 2bvkyou8i53sg5yrllb3zzqhda9ramf 14 9547 80543 2021-11-18T15:13:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 created category wikitext text/x-wiki kategori irimo abagore [[Rwanda|babanyarwanda]] bari cyangwa bakoze Politike cs4y4xwpqesbzzfoqgaaqii2lz781w8 0 9548 80652 80547 2021-11-21T07:22:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leroy Gopal''' (yavutse 6 Nyakanga 1979), ni umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri [[Zimbabwe]] na afurika [[Afurika y’Epfo|y'Epfo]] , akina komedii kandi ni umuhanzi ijwi . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Yellow Card'' and ''Strike Back''.<ref>https://savannanews.com/leroy-gopal-ayiteyi-asumadu-biography-age-wife-net-worth/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Nyakanga 1979 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Igihe Gopal yari afite imyaka 14, se yarapfuye. Afite mukuru we, Claudia Gopal Muvuti wahoze ari nyiricyubahiro [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>https://thenation.co.za/bio/leroy-gopal-biography/</ref> . Yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Blackiston hanyuma ayiga ayisumbuye mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Gateway na Prince Edward Senior School<ref>https://nehandaradio.com/2018/04/28/leroy-gopal-lands-big-role/</ref>. Afite impamyabumenyi ya BA (Icyubahiro) muri Live Performance na Motion Picture kuva AFDA, Ishuri ryubukungu bwo guhanga <ref>https://sw.autograndad.com/132559/1/leroy-gopal.html</ref>. Ni umwe mu banyeshuri babiri batsindiye igihembo cyiza cya M-NET Umunyeshuri Wumwaka 2003 na 2004 bikurikiranye<ref>https://savannanews.com/leroy-gopal-ayiteyi-asumadu-biography-age-wife-net-worth/</ref>. Gopal yashakanye n'umukobwa wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], Keletso Molefe kuva 2017. Abashakanye bafite abana batatu: Kiki Leroy Gopal, Didi Tadiwa, na Mimi Naima<ref>https://wikisouthafrica.co.za/leroy-gopal/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 2000, yerekanye sinema ye ya mbere hamwe na firime ''Yellow Card'' aho yakinnye cyane nkumukinnyi wumupira wamaguru 'Tiyane Tsumba'. Kuva mu 2006 kugeza 2007, yakinnye 'Thabang Ngema' mu ikinamico ya SABC 3 ''One Way'' yamenyekanye cyane. Muri 2012, yagaragaye muri sitcom ya SABC 1 '', Ses'Top La'' muburyo bwa 'Oleshe<ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=4465</ref>'<ref>https://3-mob.com/entertainment/leroy-gopal-stars-in-new-medical-drama-debuting-on-sabc-2-on-thursday/</ref>. Muri 2013, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu gukina urwenya muri [[Afurika]] yepfo wa Filime kuri uru ruhare<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Leroy_Gopal</ref>. Hamwe nitsinzi kandi agaragara nkumukinnyi wabishoboye, yahawe akazi ko gukina ''serivise za Mzansi Rukundo: Kasi Style'' muri 2013<ref>https://zalebs.com/relationships/leroy-gopal/leroy-gopal-got-married-weekend</ref>. Uruhare rwe ni [[Kenya|umugabo wo muri Kenya]] witwa 'Joshua Pembe'. Yakinnye kandi muri make ''Binyuze mu Guhaguruka kw'ibaba'' ryerekanwe no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes .<ref>https://legends.co.za/model/5472/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri filime ''Seal Team 8'' nk'umunyagitugu wa Tongo 'Tonga'. Hanyuma yagaragaye kuri ''serivise ya Mzansi Magic'' hamwe na 'Abomama' yaje kuba umuntu uzwi cyane murukurikirane<ref>https://briefly.co.za/68043-leroy-gopal-bio-age-wife-parents-movies-tv-shows-awards-profile-net-worth.html</ref>. Muri 2014, yakinnye muri politiki ya SABC1 ''Ihawu le Sizwe'' . Nyuma yaje gushinga 'Creation Station Entertainment Company'. Leroy yayoboye kandi amashusho yindirimbo Zimbabwe kumuririmbyi Audius Mtawarira <ref>https://groovemagazineinternational.wordpress.com/2014/07/07/know-yourprofile-leroy-gopal/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |– |''Through the Flight of a Feather'' | |Film | |- |– |''Smart Rewards Ride Show'' | |TV Series | |- |1986 |''Paraffin'' | |TV Series | |- |1993 |''Generations'' |Jackson |TV Series | |- |1996 |''Adventure Unlimited'' | |Film | |- |1998 |''Choose Freedom'' | |Film | |- |2000 |''Yellow Card'' |Tiyane Tsumba |Film | |- |2003 |''Scarred Instinct'' |Chidzonga |Short film | |- |2004 |''Four Days'' |Joe |Short film | |- |2004 |''Cut'' |Skinny |Short film | |- |2005 |''Binnelanders'' | |TV Series | |- |2005 |''Hush'' |Felix |TV Series | |- |2006 |''Backstage'' |Duma |TV Series | |- |2006 |''One Way'' |Thabang Ngema |TV Series | |- |2007 |''Andre Metstrepie'' |Dave |Short film | |- |2007 |''Home Affairs'' |Remy |TV Series | |- |2007 |''Jacob's Cross'' |Jacab's Lawyer |TV Series | |- |2008 |''Surprise!'' |Zeb Agent |Film | |- |2009 |''Siren's Feast'' | |Film | |- |2010 |''Hola Mpinji'' |Doctor Chinyamurindi |TV Mini-Series | |- |2010 |''Night Drive'' |Tafadzwa |Film | |- |2011 |''Mzansi Love Home Affairs'' | |TV Series | |- |2012 |''The Way'' |T |TV Series | |- |2012 |''Ses'Top La'' | |TV Series | |- |2013 |''Strike Back'' |Medical Orderly |TV Series | |- |2013 |''Zabalaza'' | |TV Series | |- |2013 |''The Game Fact Show'' | |TV Series | |- |2013 |''The Lost Diaries of Livingstone'' |Arbian Slave Trader |Film | |- |2014 |''Seal Team Eight: Behind Enemy Lines'' |General Ntonga |Film | |- |2014 |''Check-Coast'' | |TV Series | |- |2014 |''Kite'' |Doctor |Film | |- |2014 |''Ihawu le Sizwe'' | |TV Series | |- |2015 |''Making A Killing'' |Bosco |Short film | |- |2016 |''The Crisis Caravan'' |Seleka Sergeant |Film | |- |2017 |''Harry's Game'' |Tanner |Film | |- |2017 |''Revolt'' |Jeandre |Film | |- |2017 |''Happy Family'' |Detective Mpilo |TV Series | |- |2017 |''All About Love'' | |Film | |- |2017 |''It's OK We're Family'' | |TV Series | |- |2017 |''The Wall'' | |Film | |- |2018 |''Ice'' |N'Koulou |Film | |- |2018 |''Beautifully Broken'' |Matisse |Film | |- |2018 |''Mzansi Love: Kasi Style'' | |TV Series | |- |2018 |''Abomama'' | |TV Series | |- |2019 |''#Karektas'' | |TV Series | |- |2019 |''Jozi-H Red Cake - Not the Cooking Show'' | |TV Series | |- |2019 |''Blackout'' |Journalist |Short film | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 6pnba3vp5ra7qw5dwhpesrebp76y1u7 0 9549 80653 80548 2021-11-21T07:27:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Marcel Berenger''' (yavutse ku ya 26 Werurwe 1991), ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Ositaraliya]] [[Zimbabwe|wavukiye muri Zimbabwe]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2850933/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Berenger yavutse ku ya 26 Werurwe 1991 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Ariko rero, yahatiwe kwimukira muri [[Ositaraliya]] <ref>https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Paul-Berenger/nm2850933/</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 11, yagize ishyaka nyuma yo kubona mukuru we kuri stage akina ishuri ryibanze. Ariko, yatangiye gukina igihe yimukiye muri [[Ositaraliya]]<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Paul_Berenger</ref>.<ref name=":0">https://celebs.filmifeed.com/wiki/paul-berenger/</ref> Berenger yagaragaye bwa mbere muri sinema hamwe na film ya 2008 ''Two Fists, One Heart.'' . Nyuma yaje gukina muri firime ngufi nka ''Brittany'', ''Die Krankenhaus'', ''The Army Within'' and ''Impasse''<ref>https://networthpost.org/net-worth/paul-berenger-net-worth/</ref>.<ref>https://www.slated.com/people/54141/</ref> == Amashusho<ref name=":0" /> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2008 | ''Ibipfunsi bibiri, Umutima umwe'' | Gav | Filime | |- | 2010 | ''Kayini Roza'' | Harry | Filime ngufi | |- | 2011 | ''Brittany'' | Paul | Filime ngufi | |- | 2013 | ''Jack na James'' | Jack | Filime ngufi | |- | 2013 | ''Die Krankenhaus'' | Major James Evans | Filime ngufi | |- | 2014 | ''Nubuzima Bwuzuye'' | Umuforomo Mark / Redfoo | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2014 | ''Ibishuko Byijimye'' | Louis Vestal | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2014 | ''Abagore Bica'' | Gregory Locke / Ben Sakisi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2014 | ''Ingabo Imbere'' | Scott | Filime ngufi | |- | 2014 | ''Impasse'' | Lucas | Filime ngufi | |- | 2015 | ''Umufuka: Inkuru ya Vanden'' | Vanden Cox | Filime ngufi | |- | 2015 | ''Byose Kuri E.'' | Joriji | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] d9l3f2v6ka7bnmybakbu5139s2g4ekz 0 9550 80657 80549 2021-11-21T07:30:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Hoffman''' (yavutse 15 Gashyantare 1981), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Zimbabwe]] akaba numuhanzi uzwi . Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''Lions for Lambs'', ''Molly's Game'' and ''Saints & Sinners''.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/christopher-hoffman/m0dfpf0?hl=en</ref><ref>https://backstagefamily.fandom.com/wiki/Chris_Hoffman</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Gashyantare 1981 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Afite musaza we w'impanga, Matt Hoffman.<ref>https://backstagefamily.fandom.com/wiki/Chris_Hoffman</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://celebsspy.com/chris-hoffman/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1985 |''Drawing Lesson #2'' | |Short film |- |1987 |''Love in the Fast Lane'' | |Short film |- |1988 |''How to Kiss'' |Narrator |Short film |- |1991 |''The Wiseman'' |voice |Short film |- |1992 |''The Tune'' |Wiseone / Surfer / Tango Dancer |Film |- |1997 |''Mondo Plympton'' |voice |Film |- |1999 |''Joan of Arc'' |Louis |TV Mini-Series |- |2000 |''Wildflower'' |Dennis Hobbs |Film |- |2000 |''Gilmore Girls'' |Matt |TV Series |- |2002 |''Pavement'' |Detective Kecker |V Movie |- |2003 |''Line of Fire'' |Store Supervisor |TV Series |- |2003 |''30:13'' |Watcher |Short film |- |2004 |''Knuckle Sandwich'' |Office Dork |Film |- |2004 |''Creature Unknown'' |Steve |Film |- |2007 |''Saints & Sinners'' |Simon Pierce |TV Series |- |2007 |''Lions for Lambs'' |Bully Dog |Film |- |2009 |''Flashpoint'' |Jimmy Cooper |TV Series |- |2009 |''Hangman'' |Gus |Film |- |2011 |''Lost Girl'' |Hamish |TV Series |- |2013 |''Nurse 3D'' |Married Man / Fred |Film |- |2013 |''Played'' |Shaun Devlin |TV Series |- |2014 |''Saving Hope'' |John Doe Patient |TV Series |- |2015 |''Murdoch Mysteries'' |Bernie King |TV Series |- |2016 |''Killjoys'' |Creepy Interrogator |Short film |- |2016 |''The Smoke'' |Perfect Man |Short film |- |2017 |''Molly's Game'' |Derrick |Film |- |2017 |''Backstage'' |Park |TV Series |- |2017 |''The Girlfriend Experience'' | |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] qfu3bf5pjx18v61i61w8azkgo93z1m1 0 9551 80658 80550 2021-11-21T07:42:32Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tomas Lutuli Brickhill''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Werurwe 1978), ni umukinnyi wa firime, umwanditsi, akaba n'umucuranzi muri [[Zimbabwe]]<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Tomas_Lutuli_Brickhill</ref> . Yayoboye filime yamenyekanye cyane muri 2017 muri ''Cook Off'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9615059/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Werurwe 1978 i Londere mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] . Se, Paul Brickhill yahoze ari umusirikare wa Zimbabwe (ZIPRA) akaba n'umuvuzi w'abasirikare<ref>https://africalia.be/fr/News-and-press/Paul-Brickhill-A-life-lived-forever?action=converser&var_lang=en&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fafricalia.be%2Ffr%2FNews-and-press%2FPaul-Brickhill-A-life-lived-forever</ref>. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yari mu buhungiro mu [[Bwongereza]] icyo gihe Tomas yavutse<ref>https://www.pindula.co.zw/Tomas_Lutuli_Brickhill</ref>. Ariko, nyuma gato y'ubwigenge bwa [[Zimbabwe]], umuryango wasubiye muri [[Zimbabwe]]<ref>https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/tag/tomas-brickhill/</ref>. Nyuma yo kugaruka, ise yayoboye ibihangano n’umuco byiswe 'The Book Café'. Se amaze gupfa muri 2014, Tomas ayoboye Café. Afite abavandimwe batatu: Liam, Amy na Declan. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Prince Edward, Harare kuva 1991 kugeza 1996.<ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/zimbabwean-film-directors</ref> == Umwuga == Yavuye muri [[Zimbabwe]] mu 1997 yimukira mu [[Bwongereza]] maze yiga muri Surrey Institute of Art ; Design, Ishuri Rikuru rya Kaminuza mu 1999.<ref>https://www.herald.co.zw/europes-biggest-festival-iffr-comes-to-town/</ref> Yize Filime nyuma akora imirimo itandukanye agerageza kunguka ubumenyi butandukanye muri Surrey arangiza na Bachelor of Arts (BA) muri Cinematography na Film / Video Production muri 2001<ref>https://www.mandy.com/uk/crew/tomas-brickhill</ref>. Hanyuma yigishije amasomo ya firime ya Raindance Film Festival, BBC na VMI imyaka mike<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p08fvblk</ref>. Yatunze kandi Paw Paw Jam Productions, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’umuziki nyafurika ndetse no gufata amashusho mu [[Bwongereza]]. Usibye sinema, ni n'umucuranzi aherekejwe n'itsinda 'Chikwata<ref>https://cookoffthemovie.com/actor/tomas-lutuli-brickhill/</ref>'. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2017 |''[[:en:Cook_Off_(2017_film)|Cook Off]]'' |Director, producer, Actor: JJ |Film | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 2bcyn6eoo4k0k7c1wtyuzq504i134s7 0 9552 80660 80551 2021-11-21T10:20:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggie Lloyd Williams''' (wavutse 1975), ni umukinnyi wa filime wa [[Zimbabwe]] akaba n'umwanditsi <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0931220/bio</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise za tereviziyo nka''Silent Witness'', ''Secret Diary of a Call Girl'', ''[[:en:Red_Cap_(TV_series)|Red Cap]]'' and ''The Low Down''<ref>https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/maggie-lloyd-williams/337610/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1975 i Masvingo, muri [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0931220/bio</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0931220/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2000 |''Dirty Work'' |Sian |TV Series |- |2000 |''The Low Down'' |Jean |Film |- |2000 |''Gettin Off'' |Nazzy |TV Series |- |2001 |''The Glass'' |Secretary |TV Series |- |2002 |''Sirens'' |Ruth Lacey |TV Series |- |2002 |''[[:en:List_of_Silent_Witness_episodes|Silent Witness]]'' |Selina Thompson |TV Series |- |2003 |''Gameboys'' |Jenny |TV Series |- |2003 |''The Vice'' |Jenny |TV Series |- |2003 |''[[:en:Red_Cap_(TV_series)|Red Cap]]'' |Corporal Angie Ogden |TV Series |- |2005 |''Doctors'' |Zara Vincent |TV Series |- |2005 |''Murphy's Law'' |Leedham |TV Series |- |2005 |''EastEnders'' |Gaynor |TV Series |- |2006 |''Casualty'' |Merlene Jackson / Rachel Skinner / Sandra |TV Series |- |2007 |''The Bill'' |Pamela Kervin / Cathy Fisher |TV Series |- |2007 |''[[:en:Episode_1.1_(Secret_Diary_of_a_Call_Girl)|Secret Diary of a Call Girl]]'' |Yolanda |TV Series |- |2012 |''Magpie Sings the Blues'' |Ella |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hxel0hxljfctdwic1msjtsa2br3txyn 0 9553 80661 80552 2021-11-21T10:26:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Hanssen''', ni [[Zimbabwe|umukinnyi wa firime Zimbabwe]], umwanditsi akaba n'umucuranzi<ref>https://tantor.com/narrator/kevin-hanssen.html</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Mind Games'', ''Mugabe'' na ''The Telling Room''<ref>https://www.musixmatch.com/es/letras/Kevin-Hanssen/Wings-To-Fly</ref> . == Umwuga == Mu 1994, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts muri UNISA, [[Afurika y'Epfo]]<ref>https://kevinhanssen.com/</ref>. Ni n'umunyamuryango washinze Over The Edge Theatre Company<ref>https://www.ussportscamps.com/coaches/kevin-hanssen</ref>. Yakinnye mu ikinamico 'A Man Like You' yakinwe mu makinamico menshi ya [[Zimbabwe]]<ref>https://www.musixmatch.com/es/letras/Kevin-Hanssen/Wings-To-Fly</ref>. == Ibihembo<ref>https://newsofafrica.org/zimbabwe-multi-award-winning-local-feature-film-mind-games-finally-premiered-at-sterkinekor-eastgate-harare.html</ref> == Yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi mu minsi mikuru mpuzamahanga. * BAT Umukinnyi mwiza ushyigikira - ''Ntabwo ndi Rappaport'' (1993) * Tora igihembo cya Fringe, Iserukiramuco rya Edinburgh - ''Ijoro rya cumi na kabiri'' (2001) * Umwuka wa Fringe Igihembo, Iserukiramuco rya Edinburgh - ''Yavutse Afurika'' (2003) * BAT Igihembo Cyabakinnyi Cyiza - ''Miss Julie'' (2010) * AFDIS Igihembo Cyabakinnyi Cyiza - ''Umugenzuzi Hamagara'' (2015) * Igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Zimbabwe - ''Imikino Yubwenge'' (2017) * Igihembo cya AFDIS Umukinnyi mwiza - Umugore ''wanjye mwiza'' (2017) == Amashusho<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Kevin_Hanssen/5362603</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1993 |''I’m Not Rappaport'' | |Film |- |2001 |''Twelfth Night'' | | |- |2003 |''Born African'' | | |- |2010 |''Miss Julie'' | | |- |2013 |''Freestate'' |Jaap |Short film |- |2015 |''An Inspector Calls'' | | |- |2017 |''Jabu's Jungle'' |Cheetah |TV Series |- |2017 |''Mind Games'' |Ex |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Cook_Off_(2017_film)|Cook Off]]'' |Judge |Film |- |2017 |''Mugabe'' |Prison Supervisor |Film |- |2017 |''My Fair Lady'' | |Film |- |2020 |''The Telling Room'' |Walter Parks |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] f5qjcfqctqxqr74uhxcrbrttf6qegwa 0 9554 80662 80553 2021-11-21T10:33:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mame Bineta Sane''' (yavutse 3 Gashyantare 2000), uzwi nka Mama Sané, ni fumukinnyi wa firime muri [[Senegali|Senegal]]<ref>https://www.voo.be/fr/tv/regarder/film-mame-bineta-sane</ref> . Azwi cyane ku ruhare nka 'Ada' muri filime y’ikinamico ndengakamere ya ''Atlantika'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10199586/characters/nm10641641</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yakuriye i Thiaroye, mu nkengero za Dakar, muri [[Senegali]]. Ntabwo yize amashuri asanzwe ku ishuri. Yatangiye gukora akazi ko kudoda muri Thiaroye. == Umwuga == Ntabwo yigeze akina ikinamico iyo ari yo yose mbere ubwo yatoranyirizwagamo uruhare muri firime ya ''Atlantika ya'' 2019 iyobowe na Mati Diop nka firime ye ya mbere.<ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2019-12-27/atlantics-international-film-lost-youth-senegal</ref> Sane ntabwo yigeze yiga kwishuri mugihe Diop yamutumiriye gukina. Muri iyo filime, Sane yakinnye cyane 'Ada', uhigwa bukware n'umukunzi we, Souleiman, hamwe n'ubwato bw'abandi basore, yabuze mu nyanja<ref>https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/reviews/director-mati-diops-unconventional-experimental-and-haunting-atlantics</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu murwa mukuru wa Dakar mbere yuko isohoka muri [[Senegali]]. Filime yari ifite ibitekerezo byiza cyane kubayinenga kandi yerekanwe mubirori byinshi bya firime. Filime yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019<ref>https://www.vulture.com/news/mame-bineta-sane/</ref> <ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/mame-bineta-sane</ref>. Ku bw'uruhare rwe, nyuma Sane yahawe igihembo cya César ku bakinnyi benshi basezerana mu bihembo bya César 2020 ndetse anahatanira igihembo cya Lumières ku bakinnyi benshi basezerana mu bihembo bya Lumières 2020 ndetse no mu bihembo bya Black Reel ku bagore. Ibikorwa Byiza Byagezweho muri Black Reel Awards ya 2020 <ref>https://filmmoon.com/movie/205/atlantics</ref>.<ref>https://es.linkfang.org/wiki/Mame_Bineta_Sane</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2019 | ''Atlantike'' | Ada | Filime | |} = references = [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] bs73a2e74jil1807aybljoqrw73uq86 0 9555 80663 80554 2021-11-21T12:35:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amadou Mbow.jpg|thumb|'''Amadou Mbow''']] '''Amadou Mbow''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Senegali|Senegal]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10641642/</ref> . Azwi cyane ku ruhare nka 'Issa' muri filime y’ikinamico ndengakamere ''Atlantics'' <ref>https://www.iwmbuzz.com/tag/amadou-mbow-as-issa</ref>. Usibye kuba umukinnyi, anashushanya ibishushanyo mbonera kandi akunda amafoto<ref>https://www.advitamdistribution.com/films/atlantique/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira i Dakar, muri [[Senegali]] . Umuhungu wumucuzi wa [[Senegali]] ukomoka muri Fulani ukomoka i Futa, Amadou Mbow numuhungu wa nyina na murumuna wa bashiki be batatu<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337570079_Characterization_and_Analysis_of_the_Socio-Economic_Issues_of_Ziguinchor_Urban_Livestock_in_Senegal</ref>. Mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu, basketball yari ifite umwanya wingenzi mubuzima bwe. Nyuma yimyaka itari mike akora imyitozo muri DUC ( Dakar University Club ) imwemerera kongera ubumenyi, reaction ndetse no kwiyemeza. Amaherezo yahisemo kureka siporo kugirango arusheho gushimishwa nisi yerekana amajwi yimenyereza nkumuntu wiyigisha<ref>http://uam.sn/universite-amadou-mahtar-mbow-de-dakar-uam</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri 2019, Mbow yatoranijwe muri firime ''Atlantics'' iyobowe na Mati Diop nka firime ye ya mbere<ref>https://www.screendaily.com/features/frances-cesar-academy-facing-calls-for-shake-up-over-transparency-diversity-and-polanski/5146792.article</ref>. Muri iyo filime, yakinnye nk'umupolisi ukiri muto 'Issa' woherejwe gukora iperereza ku muriro udasanzwe utwika mu buriri bwa Ada mu ijoro ry'ubukwe bwe<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=871618.html</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu murwa mukuru wa Dakar mbere yuko isohoka muri [[Senegali]]<ref>http://uam.sn/universite-amadou-mahtar-mbow-de-dakar-uam</ref>. Filime yari ifite ibitekerezo byiza cyane kubayinenga kandi yerekanwe mubirori byinshi bya firime. Filime yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/amadou-mbow</ref> . Muri 2020, Amadou Mbow yatoranijwe muri Césars 2020 mubyiciro bya "Ibyahishuwe"<ref>https://www.alamy.com/amadou-mbow-attending-the-cesar-revelations-2020-photocall-at-the-petit-palais-in-paris-france-on-january-13-2020-photo-by-aurore-marechalabacapresscom-image387867261.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2019 | ''Atlantike'' | Issa | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3gobuzx6sdggbqryga7lc96upgn704l 0 9556 82452 82432 2022-04-09T01:46:37Z Johannnes89 9059 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Leloca4372|Leloca4372]] ([[User talk:Leloca4372|talk]]): Crosswiki spam (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diankou Sembene''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Senegali|Sénégalese]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare nka 'Mr Ndiaye 'muri firime yikinamico yurukundo ndengakamere ''Atlantics''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10641646/</ref> . == Umwuga == Muri 2019, Sembene yatoranijwe muri firime ''Atlantics'' iyobowe na Mati Diop nka firime ye ya mbere<ref>https://sbiff.org/atlantics/</ref>. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu murwa mukuru wa Dakar mbere yuko isohoka muri [[Senegali]]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/may/16/atlantique-review-cannes-mati-diop-senegal-mystery</ref>. Filime yari ifite ibitekerezo byiza cyane kubayinenga kandi yerekanwe mubirori byinshi bya firime. Filime yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019 <ref>https://theundefeated.com/features/atlantics-by-mati-diop-haunts-its-audience-with-a-senegalese-story-of-love-class-and-capitalism/</ref>. Nyuma neza filimi, yakoze mu televiziyo serial ''ZeroZeroZero'' na filimi ngufi ''ruswa''<ref>https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/5/19/atlantique-review/</ref>''.'' == Filmography<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/401213-diankou-sembene</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2019 |''Atlantics'' |Mr. Ndiaye |Film | |- |2019 |''ZeroZeroZero'' |Inspector General Oumar Sukus |TV Series | |- |2019 |''Corruption'' |Chief Police |Short film | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 9zln3p48jb9yxkcbznbv1z6yfudptkk 0 9557 80665 80556 2021-11-21T13:02:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaac Godfrey Geoffrey Nabwana''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Nabwana IGG''', ni umukinnyi [[Ubugande|wa]] firime muri [[Uganda]] akaba na producer<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4254419/</ref> . Uwashinze studio ya firime Wakaliwood, Nabwana azwi cyane kubera urugomo rwubusa muri film ye. Nabwana yatangiye kwamamara nyuma yo kohereza trailer ya film ye Who Killed Captain Alex? kuri YouTube muri 2010 hanyuma nyuma ya firime nyirizina muri 2015. Filime yabonye umwanya wo gusenga none yicaye kuri miliyoni 6.4 kuri YouTube<ref>https://americancinemathequecalendar.com/category/director/nabwana-igg</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Nabwana yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] ku ngoma ya [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] mu 1973. Mu ntambara yo muri Uganda Bush, bivugwa ko we na murumuna we birukanywe na kajugujugu . Iyi kajugujugu irashobora kugaragara muri Who Killed Captain Alex?.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/nabwana-i-g-g/g11cjp98d77?hl=en</ref> == Umwuga == Nkuko atari yarigeze aba mu ikinamico, yishingikirizaga ahanini kuri barumuna be n'inshuti ibisobanuro bya firime zasohotse mu ikinamico. Yagiye mu masomo yo gusana mudasobwa, ariko ahatirwa kureka ishuri nyuma yukwezi kwa mbere kubera kubura amafaranga<ref>https://cines.com/en/directors/nabwana-i-g-g</ref>. Kubwibyo, yatangiye kwiga gukora firime nibice byayo muburyo bwo kwigira wenyine hamwe nubunararibonye bwe bwo kugerageza-kwibeshya hamwe na kamera nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Afite imyaka 32, yatangiye gukina film nkumwuga. Mu 2005, Nabwana yashinze Ramon Film Productions: izina ryakomotse kuri nyirakuru, Rachel na Monica, nyuma rizwi ku izina rya Wakaliwood<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/nabwana-i-g-g</ref> . Ibikorwa bye bya firime bishingiye murugo rwe aho yatangiye gukora no gufata amashusho yindirimbo kuva 2009<ref>https://thefridacinema.org/movies-so-bad-theyre-good/</ref>. Ramon Production yitabiriye firime zirenga 44. Zimwe muri firime zizwi zakozwe na Ramon Productions Who Killed Captain Alex? ,Bad Black, na ''Tebaatusasula'' . Filime ''Who Killed Captain Alex?'' izwi nka firime yambere yuzuye ibikorwa muri cinema ya [[Uganda]].<ref>https://www.viddy-well.com/reviews/tag/Ramon+Film+Productions</ref> Igihe Alan Hofmanis, umuyobozi mukuru mu iserukiramuco rya firime rifite icyicaro mu mujyi wa New York, yagiye muri [[Uganda]], yahuye na Nabwana maze asaba ko yakora documentaire kuri Ramon Film Productions, Hofmanis kuva ubwo yimukira muri [[Uganda]] kugira ngo afashe kumenyekanisha sinema ya Wakaliwood ku isi. Yahawe kandi gukina filime ya ''Bad Black mu'' mwaka wa 2016 Nabwana kandi yiswe "umukinnyi wa mbere wa filime wa Mzungu Uganda<ref>https://www.claudinecolin.com/en/1910-louis-cyprien-rials-with-ramon-film-productions-on-the-wakaliga-roa-dside-sam-prize-for-contemporary-art-2017</ref>." Nabwana yatsindiye ibihembo 6 == Uburyo bwo gufata amashusho hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko == Nabwana yafashe amashusho ye mu Luganda, imvugo ya Baganda, ubwoko bunini bwa [[Uganda]]. Nabwana azwiho ibikorwa nubugizi bwa nabi bivanze no gusetsa muri film ye. Afata ibyemezo muri firime ye bikabije bigizwe ahanini no kurwanisha imbunda Kung-fu nubuhanzi bwintambara . Nabwana afite kandi ibihangano bye yise 'Video Joker' (cyangwa VJ muri make) kugirango atange ibisobanuro kuri firime aho avuga urwenya no gutaka amagambo adasanzwe. Iyi mico yagaragaye muri firime zose za Nabwana.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/crazy-world-the-new-ugandan-action-film-from-wakaliwood/</ref><ref>https://www.sputnikmusic.com/news/41360/Heaven-Shall-Burn-go-to-Wakaliwood/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''Ekisa Butwa'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''Valentine: Satanic Day'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''Tebaatusasula'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''[[:en:Who_Killed_Captain_Alex?|Who Killed Captain Alex?]]'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2011 |''The Return of Uncle Benon'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2011 |''Rescue Team'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2012 |''Bukunja Tekunja Mitti: The Cannibals'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2012 |''Black'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2014 |''Crazy World'' |Director, producer, actor, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2015 |''The Revenge'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''The Ivory Trap: Akanawuusu'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Once a Soja: Agubiri the Gateman'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Million Dollar Kid'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Kapitano'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Attack on Nyege Nyege Island'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Short film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Bad_Black|Bad Black]]'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2020 |''Heaven Shall Burn'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2021 |''Once Upon a Time in Uganda'' |Actor |Documentary |- |TBD |''Operation Kakongoliro! The Ugandan Expendables'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Eaten Alive in Uganda'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Ebola Hunter'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 4k8x5btmbir6zs6fn44qgrfysqkp3rj 0 9558 80666 80558 2021-11-21T13:15:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rokhaya Niang''', [[Senegali|numukinnyi]] wa [[Senegali|Sénégalese]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwamamaye muri firime ''Le prix du pardon'', ''L'Extraordinaire destin de Madame Brouette'' na ''Teranga Blues'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1110307/</ref><ref>https://www.casafrica.es/es/mediateca/coleccion/madame-brouette</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 2001, Niang yatangiye sinema ye ya mbere akina na film ''Le prix du pardon'' iyobowe na Mansour Sora Wade <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=69571.html</ref>. Intsinzi ya firime, yatoranijwe muri film ''L'Extraordinaire destin de Madame Brouette'' mu 2002<ref>https://chemonics.com/person/rokhaya-niang/</ref>. Filime zombi zatoranijwe mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) mu 2003<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1537_whoswho/</ref>. Icyakora, filime yakunzwe cyane ya sinema yaje binyuze muri firime ya ''Teranga Blues yo'' mu 2007 iyobowe na Moussa Sene Absa ubwo yakinaga nka 'Rokhaya'.<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/rokhaya-niang/4991</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2001 |''Le prix du pardon'' |Maxoye |Film |- |2002 |''L'Extraordinaire destin de Madame Brouette'' |Mati |Film |- |2007 |''Teranga Blues'' |Rokhaya |Film |- |2010 |''The Erotic Man'' |Himself |Film |- |2011 |''Un pas en avant - Les dessous de la corruption'' |Dovi |Film |- |2012 |''Accusé de réception'' | |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] nyeurbum6b14ck2h8d0etgoyy2seiu3 0 9559 80667 80559 2021-11-21T13:20:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maïmouna Gueye Fall''', ni Umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Senegali|Sénégalese]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''The Climb'', ''Payoff, Cuties,'' ''Bacon kuruhande'' <ref>http://www.artcine.net/artiste.cfm/566623-Ma%C3%AFmouna_Gueye.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Nyuma yo gushyingiranwa n’umugabo w’umufaransa, yagiye mu [[Bufaransa]] mu 1998<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=188601.html</ref>. Ariko, nyuma y'amezi make, yahukanye nyuma yo guhura n'ivanguramoko n'umugabo. Nyuma yo gutandukana, yimukiye i Paris<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/329136/maimouna-gueye</ref>. == Umwuga == Gueye yatangiye gukina umwuga wo gukina akina na Sophocles ''Antigone'' iyobowe n'umwanditsi [[Hayiti|wa Haiti]]<ref>http://haiti.spla.pro/en/fiche.personne.maamouna-guaye.5063.html</ref> , Gérard Chenet . Mu 2004, yakinnye mu kindi gikinisho, guhuza Igifaransa na Monologues ''du vagin'' izwi cyane na Eve Ensler. Nyuma yaje kwimukira mu ikinamico maze akora amakinamico azwi cyane, ''Souvenirs de la dame en noir'' and ''She is black, but she is beautiful''<ref>https://www.dreshare.com/maimouna-gueye/</ref> Nyuma yo gukina amakinamico menshi, amaherezo yaje kugaragara muri sinema afite uruhare rwa mbere muri filime ''Payoff'' mu 2003<ref>https://www.vantunews.com/wiki/biography-maimouna-gueye</ref>. Nyuma yaje kugira uruhare runini muri film ''Touristes?Oh yes!'' iyobowe na Jean-Pierre Mocky mu 2004. Niwe washinze 'Afrokids', club yimyidagaduro y'abana itanga amarangi, gusoma, kubyina, kuvuga inkuru, n'amahugurwa ya DIY<ref>https://www.mycast.io/talent/maimouna-gueye</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://ms.hrvwiki.net/wiki/Ma%C3%AFmouna_Gueye</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2003 |''Payoff'' | |Film |- |2003 |''Gomez et Tavarès'' | |Film |- |2004 |''Touristes? Oh yes!'' | |Film |- |2008 |''Le monde est petit'' |Fatou |TV Movie |- |2009 |''La Première Étoile'' |Coiffeuse |Film |- |2010 |''Il reste du jambon ?'' |Val |Film |- |2012 |''Drôle de famille!'' |Aglae |TV Series |- |2015 |''Maman(s)'' |Mariam |Short film |- |2015 |''Persuasif'' |Mme Koné |TV Series |- |2016 |''He Even Has Your Eyes'' |Madame Diop |Film |- |2017 |''L'Ascension'' | |Film |- |2017 |''The Climb'' |Evelyne Diakhaté |Film |- |2017 |''Il a déjà tes yeux'' | |Film |- |2017 |''Le Flic de Belleville'' |Iman Touré |Film |- |2018 |''Souffle de vie'' |Infirmière réanimation |Film |- |2019 |''La reine de l'évasion'' |Femme TV |Short film |- |2019 |''L'Ordre des médecins'' | |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Mignonnes|Mignonnes]]'' |Mariam |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] g5fluwb1y8c3gr8mewuj5nnnnvt8msd 0 9560 80668 80560 2021-11-21T13:32:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moussa Touré''' (wavutse 1958), ni umukinnyi wa [[Senegali|firime]] muri Sénégalese. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''zizwi cyane Toubab Bi'', ''TGV'' na ''La Pirogue''<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/moussa-toure/</ref> <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=206433.html</ref>. Usibye icyerekezo, ni umutekinisiye, umwanditsi, producer n'umukinnyi.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/movies/the-pirogue-directed-by-moussa-toure.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Touré yavutse 1958 i Dakar, muri [[Senegali]]<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/moussa-tour%C3%A9</ref>. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wa sinema nkumutekinisiye. Hanyuma mu 1987, yerekeje kuri firime akoresheje firime ngufi maze ashinga uruganda rwe bwite rwitwa 'Les Films du Crocodile'<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=4305</ref>. Mu 1991, Touré yakoze filime ye ya mbere yerekana ''Toubab Bi'' . yahawe ibihembo muri Cannes Film Festival <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/moussa-toure/</ref><ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/141448/societe/moussa-tour-aller-cannes-c-est-un-bonheur-et-une-lourde-responsabilit/</ref>. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa mbere, yakoze film ye ya kabiri ''TGV'' mu 1998 abifashijwemo na Makéna Diop. Nyuma mu 1999, filime yegukanye igihembo cyabaterankunga mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 9 rya [[Afurika]]<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/15455/tgv</ref>. Mu 1996, yagize uruhare runini muri filime ''Les Caprices d'un rivière'' iyobowe na Bernard Giraudeau<ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/fr/directors/Moussa_Tour%C3%A9</ref> . Muri 2005, yakoze documentaire ''5x5'' yakiriwe neza. Muri 2011, Touré yagizwe Umuyobozi w'Inteko y'abacamanza mu 2011 Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO). Hanyuma muri 2012, yayoboye filime ye ya gatatu yerekana ''La Pirogue'', filime yerekana igice. Filime yafashwe amashusho kandi ihindurwa hifashishijwe imikorere ya Hollywood<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0869715/</ref>. Muri 2020, yayoboye filime ''Red Dust'' ikorwa na Luxembourgish yambaye imyenda ya BAHN na Dakar ikorera mu nzu itunganyirizwamo 'Les Films du Crocodile'. Filime izasohoka mu 2022<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/375680/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1985 |''Histoire oubliée, soldats noirs'' |Technician |Film |- |1987 |''Baram'' |Director |Short film |- |1991 |''Toubab Bi'' |Director, screenplay |Film |- |1992 |''Les Tirailleurs sénégalais'' |Director |Film |- |1996 |''Les Caprices d'un rivière'' |Actor: Hannibal |Film |- |1998 |''TGV'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |- |2003 |''Nous sommes nombreuses'' |Director |Film |- |2004 |''Poussières de ville'' |Director |Film |- |2005 |''5x5'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2005 |''Nanga def'' |Director |Film |- |2005 |''Nawaari'' |Director |Film |- |2006 |''Nosaltres'' |Director |Film |- |2009 |''Les Techniciens, nos cousins'' |Director |Film |- |2009 |''Xali Beut les yeux grand ouverts'' |Director |Film |- |2012 |''La Pirogue'' |Director |Film |- |2016 |''Bois d' Ébène'' |Director |TV Movie documentary |- |TBD |''Red Dust'' |Director |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] j6nf8fuptq2zfgxmimgdg3nruk0vulx 0 9561 80669 80561 2021-11-21T13:40:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Catherine Ruelle, François Belorgey et Samba Félix Ndiaye.jpg|thumb|'''Samba Félix N'diaye''']] '''Samba Félix N'diaye''' (6 Werurwe 1945–6 Ugushyingo 2009), yari umukinnyi wa [[Senegali|firime]] wa Sénégalese. Imwe mu nkingi za mbere mu nganda za sinema zo muri [[Senegali]], Ndiaye afatwa nka se wa documentaire nyafurika<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3344</ref>. Yakoze Documentaire zamamaye cyane ''Trésors des poubelles'', ''Ngor, l'esprit des lieux'', ''Les malles'' na ''Geti Tey'' . Usibye icyerekezo, ni umwanditsi akaba n'umukinnyi wa sinema<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/felix-samba-ndiaye/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Ndiaye yavutse ku ya 6 Werurwe 1945 i Dakar, muri [[Senegali]]<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/45827_1</ref>. Yahoraga yitabira club ya firime yikigo ndangamuco cyabafaransa i Dakar yabikoraga akamenyero. Nyuma yaje kwiga amategeko nubukungu muri kaminuza ya Dakar<ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/samba-f%C3%A9lix-ndiaye</ref> . Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Paris VIII ahabwa Masters muri Sinema na Audiovisual Studies. Hanyuma yifatanije na Institut Lumière kwiga cinematografi no gutunganya<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/samba-felix-ndiaye/3344</ref>. Yapfuye ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2009 i Dakar afite imyaka 64 azize ibibazo bya malariya yo mu bwonko . Nyuma yaje gushyingurwa mu irimbi rya Yoff<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/1240_1</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1974, yayoboye documentaire ye ya mbere ''yitwa Perantal'', mu rwego rwo kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri sinema<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/samba-felix-ndiaye/3344</ref>. Mu 1978, yakoze ''Geti Tey'' ngufi yaganiriye ku ngorane abarobyi b'abanyabukorikori bahuye na Kayar, Hann cyangwa Soumbédioune ibikorwa byabo bibangamiwe n'uburobyi. Nyuma yibyo, Ndiaye yakoze urukurikirane rwa firime eshanu ngufi ziteranijwe ku mutwe wa ''Trésors des poubelles'' mu 1989. Muri uwo mwaka, yakoze ''Aqua'' ngufi, "metonymy yo mumijyi" itagira amagambo.<ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_fiche_film/9465_1</ref> Mu 1994, Ndiaye yakoze filime ye ya mbere ya ''Ngor, l'esprit des lieux'' ivuga ku baturage ba Ngor, umudugudu uherereye mu nkengero za Dakar<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3344</ref>. Kuva mu mpera za 1990, ahanini yari ahangayikishijwe na documentaire zishingiye kuri politiki maze akora ''Lettre à Senghor'' mu 1998. Nkumwanditsi, yanditse documentaire yu ''[[Rwanda]], pour mémoire'' yibanze kuri jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]] yo mu 1994. Muri 2007 mumyaka ye ya nyuma, Ndiaye yakoze documentaire ''Ibibazo à la terre natale'' . Muri 2012, yatsindiye igihembo mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cordoba kubera filime ye ''Trésors des poubelles'' .<ref>https://karoninka.com/project/examen-detat/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1974 |''Perantal'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1976 |''La confrérie des Mourides'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1977 |''Pêcheurs de Kayar'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1978 |''Geti Tey'' |Director, cinematographer, producer |Documentary short |- |1984 |''Xew Xew'' |Executive producer |Documentary |- |1986 |''La santé, une aventure peu ordinaire'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1989 |''Trésors des poubelles'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary |- |1989 |''Teug, chaudronnerie d'art'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1989 |''Les malles'' |Director, writer |Documentary short |- |1989 |''Les chutes de Ngalam'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1989 |''Diplomate à la tomate'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1989 |''Aqua'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |1992 |''Dakar Bamako'' |Director |Documentary |- |1992 |''Amadou Diallo, un peintre sous verre'' |Director, writer, editor |Documentary short |- |1992 |''Hyena'' |Executive producer |Documentary |- |1994 |''Ngor, l'esprit des lieux'' |Director, writer |Film |- |1998 |''Lettre à Senghor'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2001 |''Nataal'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary |- |2003 |''Rwanda, pour mémoire'' |writer |Documentary |- |2007 |''Questions à la terre natale'' |Director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ajjyvt50vmwnrs6yblenj9mjl94t9rr 0 9562 80670 80562 2021-11-21T13:47:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathew Nabwiso,''' ni [[Ubugande|umukinnyi wa filimi muri Uganda]] . Nabwiso azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Imbabazi'', ''Rain'' and ''Kyaddala''. Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi, umuyobozi na producer<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4920146/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse nkumwana wa karindwi wumuryango urimo abavandimwe cumi n'umwe. Ababyeyi be bahoze ari abadepite Frank Nabwiso na Mama Christine Nabwiso wa Jinja<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/59432-mathew-nabwiso-on-family-film-and-food</ref>. Yize amashuri abanza ya Mwiri na Kamuli Boys kumashuri abanza. Nyuma yize muri Busoga College, Mwiri kuri O-level nyuma yiga muri Namasagali College, i Kamuli . Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu kwamamaza muri Kupuro Institute of Marketing<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/408612-mathew-nabwiso</ref> . Mbere yo kwinjira mu gukina, yari afite akazi k'igihe cyose nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha isosiyete ikora ICT. Ariko yaretse akazi kugira ngo akore umwuga binyuze muri sinema. Yashakanye na mugenzi we bakinana, Eleanor Nabwiso wanakinnye muri serivise za ''The Hostel''<ref>https://mbu.ug/2021/10/21/mathew-eleanor-nabwiso-celebrate-8th-marriage-anniversary/</ref> . Abashakanye bafite abana bane.<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/eleanor-nabwiso-adventure-drove-me-into-arms-of-film-industry-1937276</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2006, yakoze sinema yumukobwa akina na firime ''Battle of the Souls'' .Muri 2011, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba filimi ''The Hostel'' yanyuze kuri NTV Uganda, ikundwa cyane.<ref>https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/entertainment/27945/eleanor-mathew-nabwiso-celebrate-7th-anniversary-</ref> Nyuma yo gusoza uruhererekane, yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'Nabwiso Films'.Muri 2013, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Afurika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards (AMVCA), kubera filime ''A Good Catholic Girl''<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/59432-mathew-nabwiso-on-family-film-and-food#:~:text=Actor%20Mathew%20Nabwiso%2C%20is%20Uganda's,a%20singer%20and%20film%20producer.</ref> . Nyuma muri 2016, yatorewe umwanya wa 'Dumba' muri film ''Imvura'' muri AMVCA. Muri 2020, yahawe igihembo cya Film Act muri Vine Awards kubera uruhare yagize muri sinema ya [[Uganda]].<ref>https://bigeye.ug/mathew-nabwiso-scoops-film-act-award-at-vine-awards/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''[[:en:Battle_of_the_Souls|Battle of the Souls]]'' | |Film |- |2011 |''[[:en:The_Hostel_(TV_series)|The Hostel]]'' |Director |TV Mini-Series |- |2012 |''Africa First: Volume Two'' |Ahmed |Video film |- |2013 |''[[:en:A_Good_Catholic_Girl|A Good Catholic Girl]]'' | |Film |- |2013 |''[[:en:Imbabazi:_The_Pardon|Imbabazi]]'' |Gasana |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Rain_(2016_film)|Rain]]'' |Actor: Dumba, producer |Film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Mpeke_Town|Mpeke Town]]'' |Paul |TV Series |- |2018 |''[[:en:The_Mercy_of_the_Jungle|The Mercy of the Jungle]]'' |Director |Film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Family_(2018_TV_series)|#Family (Hashtag Family)]]'' |Frank Mpanga |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Kyaddala|Kyaddala]]'' |Mr. G |TV Series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Prickly_Roses|Prickly Roses]]'' |Director |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] pbxnp445fu37dh7xkz7ipnera41vbz4 0 9563 80671 80563 2021-11-21T13:58:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnold Oceng''', rimwe na rimwe uzwi ku izina rya '''Snakeyman''', (yavutse ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1985), ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka mu [[Bwongereza]] [[Ubugande|no gihugu cya Uganda.]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0643668/</ref> Oceng azwi kunshingano muri ''Grange Hill,'' ''Adulthood'' na ''Brotherhood''<ref>https://www.1000londoners.com/londoners/arnold/</ref>''.'' == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1985. Mu 1986, igihe yari afite umwaka umwe, umuryango we wimukiye i Brixton, mu majyepfo ya Londere nk'impunzi<ref>https://www.theresident.co.uk/london-culture-events/brixton-actor-arnold-oceng-on-amma-asantes-a-united-kingdom/</ref>. == Umwuga == Yatangiye gukina afite imyaka 6 nkumuhanzi wabana. Muri iryo shuri, yakinnye nka 'King Herod' mu ikinamico ku ishuri ribanza rya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Corpus Christi ku musozi wa Brixton<ref>https://www.theresident.co.uk/london-culture-events/brixton-actor-arnold-oceng-on-amma-asantes-a-united-kingdom/</ref>. Mu 1999, yatangiye gukina bwa mbere nk'umuhanzi w'umwana afite uruhare rwa 'Calvin Braithwaite' mu bice 73 bya filimi y'abana ba televiziyo ya ''Grange Hill''<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/mar/30/akemnji-ndifornyen-grange-hill-was-huge-for-me-growing-up</ref> . Urukurikirane rwakunzwe cyane kandi rwarakomeje kugeza 2004. Kuva icyo gihe yakinnye mu ruhare ruto rwo gushyigikira muri tereviziyo nyinshi zirimo, ''Casualty'', ''The Bill'' na ''Sold''<ref>https://networthgallery.com/celebrities/arnold-oceng-net-worth/</ref> . Oceng yerekanye sinema ye ya mbere muri 2008 ''Abakuze'' . Nyuma yaje gukurikira afite uruhare runini muri firime zigenga zo mu [[Bwongereza]], ''4.3.2.1.'' na ''My Brother The Devil''<ref>https://vivaverve.com/film/my-brother-the-devil/</ref> Muri 2014, yakinnye na Reese Witherspoon muri filime The Good Lie, ibaye umwanya we wa mbere muri Hollywood<ref>https://madnewsuk.com/2013/03/14/british-actor-arnold-oceng-lands-hollywood-film-role/</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakinnye nka 'Charles' muri filime ''A United Kingdom'' yari afite umwanya wa mbere muri BFI London Festival Festiva<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bc26322e1</ref>l. Hanyuma yakinnye muri biopic yo muri [[Danemarike]] ''The Greatest Man'' yerekanwe muri 2016. Muri uwo mwaka, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba filime ''[[:en:Brotherhood_(2016_film)|Brotherhood]]''. Muri 2017, yatorewe igihembo cy’umugabo witwaye neza muri Filime muri Screen Nation Film na Televiziyo Awards yabereye muri hoteri ya Park Plaza London Riverbank ku ya 7 Gicurasi 2017. Muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri National Film Awards UK kubera uruhare yagize muri ''[[:en:Brotherhood_(2016_film)|Brotherhood]]''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0643668/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1999 |''[[:en:Grange_Hill|Grange Hill]]'' |Calvin Braithwaite |TV Series |- |2006 |''[[:en:Casualty_(series_20)|Casualty]]'' |Solomon 'Sol' Lakah |TV Series |- |2007 |''The Bill'' |Wayne Tindle |TV Series |- |2007 |''The Prodigals'' |Marlon |Short film |- |2007 |''Sold'' |Josh |TV Series |- |2008 |''[[:en:Adulthood_(film)|Adulthood]]'' |Henry |Film |- |2008 |''One of Those Days'' |Angel Steward 4 |Short film |- |2009 |''Dog Endz'' |Quinton |TV Movie |- |2010 |''4.3.2.1.'' |Dark Chocolate |Film |- |2011 |''[[:en:The_Tapes|The Tapes]]'' |Nathan |Film |- |2011 |''[[:en:Victim_(2011_film)|Victim]]'' |Jayden |Film |- |2011 |''Demons Never Die'' |Curtis |Film |- |2011 |''Top Boy'' |Femi |TV Series |- |2011 |''Point Blank'' | |TV Movie |- |2012 |''[[:en:My_Brother_the_Devil|My Brother the Devil]]'' |Aj |Film |- |2012 |''[[:en:Payback_Season|Payback Season]]'' |Maxy |Film |- |2012 |''The Knot'' |Fulishio Akinkugbe |Film |- |2012 |''Circle of Revenge'' |Lil Reese |Film |- |2013 |''It's a Lot'' |Aasif |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:The_Good_Lie|The Good Lie]]'' |Mamere |Film |- |2016 |''A United Kingdom'' |Charles |Film |- |2016 |''The Greatest Man'' | |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Brotherhood_(2016_film)|Brotherhood]]'' |Henry Okocha |Film |- |2017 |''This World'' |Joseph |TV Series documentary |- |2017 |''Breathe'' |Arnold |Short film |- |2017 |''Pound for Pound'' |Ayub Kalule |Film |- |2018 |''Age Before Beauty'' |Leon |TV Series |- |2019 |''Dark Money'' |Ryan |TV Mini-Series |- |TBD |''Johnny: The Life of an Oxymoron'' |Suave |TV Movie |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Abagande]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 7guhljbp2xwxf48d4wum7cywhlw81sk 0 9564 80672 80564 2021-11-21T14:27:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sam Bagenda''' uzwi cyane ku izina ry'ubuhanzi '''Dr. Bbosa''', (yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1965), ni umukinnyi w'icyamamare akaba n'umuririmbyi wa [[Ubugande|Uganda.]]<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/dr-bbosa-sam-bagenda/</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuririmbyi, Bagenda yaje kuba umukinnyi wamamaye, uzwi cyane kubera uruhare muri Malayalam Movie ''Escape from Uganda'' and film ''That's Life Mwattu''<ref>https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=8431:moses-serugo-thats-life-mwattus-umpteenth-return</ref> . Hagati aho, Bagenda yatorewe kandi kuba umukinnyi wa [[Uganda]] w'ikinyagihumbi mu 2000<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/dr-bbosa-sam-bagenda/</ref>. == Career == Bagenda yatangiye kuririmba muri Korali Itorero Anglican Itorero rya Mutagatifu Pawulo i Mulago akiri muto<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/dr-bbosa-sam-bagenda/</ref> . Ariko, umupadiri wa paruwasi amaze kumwirukana muri iryo torero, yaje kwifatanya nabandi banyamuryango bo muri korari yitorero maze ashinga korari Ivanjili ''Sun Rose-85'' mu 1985<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201108180330.html</ref>. Ukuboza 1986, yinjiye bwa mbere muri The Ebonies akomeza gukora nk'umuririmbyi wijwi ryimbitse, ari kumwe na nyakwigendera Jimmy Katumba, baririmbye mu minsi mikuru myinshi nyuma baza gukora ballad ikunzwe cyane ''Twalina omukwano neguf<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/107428</ref>'' . Igitaramo cye cya mbere gikomeye cyabaye muri Mutarama 1987 ubwo hafungurwaga ikinamico ya Bat Valley<ref>https://www.timesug.com/dr-bbosa-sam-bagenda-biography-family-acting-and-net-worth/</ref>. Yatangiye gukina bwa mbere nka 'padiri' mu ikinamico ya ''Dollar'' . Igihe yari ageze ku rwego rwo gukundwa cyane nk'umuririmbyi, yahuye n'umwanditsi w'amakinamico n'umuyobozi, JWK Ssembajwe<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200806270482.html</ref>. Mu 1993, yakinnye 'Dr. Sam Bbosa 'muri ''seri izwi cyane za [[Uganda]] That's Life Mwattu'' . Yabaye icyamamare mu bitangazamakuru nyuma yuruhererekane, aho bakunze kwita 'Dr. Bbosa 'mubaturage.<ref>https://streamafrique.com/Stream/Movie/4ARbaX3j</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film |- |1993 |''That's Life Mwattu'' |- |2013 |''[[:en:Escape_from_Uganda|Escape from Uganda]]'' |- | |''Agony and Ecstasy'' |- | |''The Boss'' |- | |''Land Friends'' |- | |''Daisy'' |- | |''The Dollar'' |- | |''Dilemma'' |- | |''Bibaawo'' |- | |''OMG'' |- | |''Kyekyo'' |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 19005wvw9dzgr48yibbmo57azbottdt 0 9565 80673 80565 2021-11-21T14:37:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Owas Ray Mwape''', ni umukinnyi [[Zambiya|wa]] firime wa [[Zambiya]], umukinnyi wumwanditsi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4145704/</ref>. Umukinnyi wa firime ufite ubuhanga bukomeye, Mwape yatangiye umwuga we nkumukinnyi kandi azwi cyane mubikorwa bya '''''Mwansa the Great'', ''[[:en:Suwi|Suwi]]'' and ''Fever'''''<ref>http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/the-mwapes-a-family-of-actors/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Ndola . Yabanje gushyingiranwa n'umukinnyi w'indirimbo uzwi cyane wo muri [[Zambiya]], Saboi Imboela<ref>https://www.zambianobserver.com/i-dont-discuss-my-exs-private-life-owas-ray-mwape/</ref>. Nyuma baje gutandukana aho Imboela yerekanye ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo rya Owas. Icyakora, nyuma Owas yahakanye ibirego n'ibihuha bitari byo kuri we na Imboela.<ref>http://azoonews.com/sabois-shares-sweet-fathers-day-message-to-her-ex-husband-owas-mwape/</ref> == Umwuga == Mwape yatsindiye ibihembo byigihugu byumukinnyi witwaye neza mumyaka itatu ikurikiranye ya 1990, 1991 na 1992, abaye umunyaZambiya wenyine wageze kuriyi ntsinzi kugeza ubu<ref>https://issuu.com/lusakasun/docs/sun_24052021</ref>. Yatangiye gukina bwa mbere kuri filimi ''Kabanana'' kuva 2004 kugeza 2008. Nyuma yaje gukina filime nyinshi hamwe na serial nka ''The Lawyer'', ''Redbag'', ''Complicated Affairs'', ''Justice at Stake'', ''The Wife'', ''Mwansa the Great'', ''Chidongo'', ''The ticket'', ''A beautiful Lie'' and ''Guilt''.<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/owas-ray-mwape</ref>. Muri 2013, yashinze isosiyete ye bwite itunganya filimi 'Owas Films' maze ahindukira akora amashusho yigihe cyose<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201302090155.html</ref>. Muri 2015, yayoboye filime ebyiri ''Chenda'' na ''Secrets Untold'' aho iyi ifite premier yayo muri Ster Kinekor i Lusaka.<ref>https://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/04/22/actor-owas-ray-mwape-walks-to-freedom-i-am-not-bitter-with-saboi-its-life/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''[[:en:Suwi|Suwi]]'' |Dr. Chimba |Film |- |2011 |''Mwansa the Great'' |Actor, writer |Short film |- |2012 |''Africa First: Volume Two'' |Mwansa (adult) |Video film |- |2015 |''Kabanana'' |Chembo |TV Series |- |2018 |''Fever'' |Marlon |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] dymk6mwwmuswq5culd31wskjf9rz6rz 0 9566 80674 80566 2021-11-21T14:44:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Becky Ngoma''', ni umukinnyi [[Zambiya|wa]] filime wa [[Zambiya]] akaba n'umwanditsi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4145631/</ref>. Umukinnyi wa firime, Mwape yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi kandi azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri ''Mwansa the Great'', ''I Am Not A Witch'' and ''Temzu Town''.<ref>https://justfilms.co/portfolio_page/temzu-town/</ref> Usibye gukina, ni umuyobozi na producer.<ref>https://kerrinkokot.com/portfolio/temzu-town/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == She was born in [[Lusaka]], Zambia. She is a graduate of TV production at Zambia Institute of Mass Communication (ZAMCOM)<ref>http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/from-play-circle-to-zuba/</ref>. == Umwuga == ''Yakoze nk'umukinnyi w'amafirime'' n'umwanditsi mu biganiro byinshi bya televiziyo 'nka, Kabanana, Ikinamico ya mbere muri [[Zambiya]] na ''Love Games na Fever'' ndetse no muri firime, ''Suwi'' na ''Mwansa the Great''<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film708409.html</ref>''.'' . Hagati aho, yakoraga kuri opera ikunzwe cyane yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo,''Generations'' <ref>http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2018/11/african-women-in-cinema-blog-updates.html</ref>. Ni n'umwanditsi wa seri izwi cyane ''Zuba'', telenovela ya mbere muri [[Zambiya]], yerekana kuri Zambezi Magic. Yakinnye kandi muri filime ashimwa cyane kuri ''I Am Not a Witch'' yabaye filime yatsindiye BAFTA afite uruhare 'Bwalya'.<ref>https://magazine.uzacoona.com/qa-becky-ngoma-talks-about-her-writing-journey/</ref> Yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi kubuhanga bwe bwo kwandika-kwandika nka; Igihembo cya Filime, Televiziyo na Radiyo [[Zambiya]] 2014 (Zafta) igihembo cy’umwanditsi mwiza, igihembo cya Zafta cya 2016 kuri filimi nziza, na 2018 ibihembo by’abagore bo muri [[Zambiya]] ku mugore w’umwaka<ref>https://africafilmproducers.org/membership/becky-ngoma-2/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2011 |''Mwansa the Great'' |Actor: Mother, costumer |Short film |- |2017 |''I Am Not A Witch'' |Actor: Bwalya |Film |- |TBD |''Temzu Town'' |writer |TV Mini-Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 9g24ongo2exf1gzdde9kgdidy39dze8 0 9567 80675 80567 2021-11-21T16:43:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Miguel V. Conceição''' (yavutse 5 Kanama 1979), ni Umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri [[porutigali]] [[Angola|wavukiye muri Angola]] <ref name=":0">https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174228/</ref>. Conceição azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Goodnight Cinderella'', ''Serpentarius'' na ''Bad Bunny''<ref name=":1">https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44009/bad-bunny</ref> . Usibye kuyobora, ni numuproducer, umwanditsi wamashusho hamwe nuwashushanyije amajwi<ref name=":2">https://mubi.com/films/bad-bunny</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Kanama 1979 muri [[Angola]]. Mu 2002, yabonye impamyabumenyi mu Cyongereza, afite ubuhanga mu buvanganzo bwa Romantike<ref name=":0" />. Nyuma yaje kubona indi mpamyabumenyi, kuri iyi nshuro muri sinema, mu ishuri rya Theatre na Lisbonne mu 2006.<ref name=":1" /> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga mu 2005 nka videwo yindirimbo nuwatunganya amashusho y'ubuhanzi<ref name=":2" />. Muri 2013, yakoze ''Versailles'' ngufi, yari mu marushanwa muri Lokarno Festival, Curtas Vila do Conde na Mar Del Plata Festivals. Filime ye ya ''Goodnight Cinderella'' 2014 yagaragaye bwa mbere mucyumweru cya Critics ' Festival ya Cannes . Muri 2017, filime ye ''Bad Bunny'' yongeye kugaragara i Cannes.<ref>http://festival.curtas.pt/1993-2/authors/carlos-conceicao/</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174228/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1993 |''The House of the Spirits'' |Actor: uncredited |Film |- |1999 |''The Ninth Gate'' |Actor: uncredited |Film |- |2004 |''Diário de Bordo'' |Actor: Scientist |Video short |- |2005 |''Two Drifters'' |Sound assistant |Film |- |2006 |''Glória'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Avé Maria'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Espírito de Natal'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Regresso a Casa'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Quante Cose Non Sono Chiamate Amore'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2007 |''Lady Godiva's Operation'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2008 |''A Couple of Spiders'' |Director, screenplay, editor, producer |Video installation |- |2008 |''Os Vigilantes'' |Sound director, composer |Short film |- |2008 |''Cão Preto'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2009 |''Ordena Que Te Ame'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2009 |''Os Mistérios de Lisboa'' |Sound director |Documentary |- |2010 |''Verónica'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2010 |''Temporária'' |Director, screenplay, editor |Video installation |- |2010 |''The Flesh'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Hell, or Pool Keeping'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Red Dawn'' |Sound recordist |Documentary short |- |2012 |''Morning of Saint Anthony's Day'' |Actor: Rapaz da Rua de Santa Joana Princesa |Short film |- |2012 |''The King's Body'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2012 |''The Last Time I Saw Macao'' |Sound recordist |Film |- |2013 |''Versailles'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2013 |''É o Amor'' |Sound recordist |Film |- |2014 |''Goodnight, Cinderella'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2014 |''Segredo de Matar'' |Director, screenplay, editor, producer |Web video |- |2015 |''Wake Up Leviathan'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, cinematographer |Video documentary short |- |2015 |''IEC Long'' |Sound recordist |Documentary short |- |2015 |''Here in Lisbon'' |Actor |Film |- |2017 |''Bad Bunny'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |2019 |''Serpentarius'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, cinematographer, composer, voice |Film |- |2020 |''The King of Europe'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2020 |''Name Above Title'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |2022 |''Bodyhackers'' |Director, writer | |- |TBD |''Abominable Flowers'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, art director |Film |- |TBD |''Goodbye King Kong'' |Director, producer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] lvgiwulmj9ttn6ayd4x0iqo47uwpk3h 0 9568 80600 80574 2021-11-20T07:02:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 WIKI GAP wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukakarangwa Clotilde''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki ya 1 Mutarama 1966, abarizwa mu ishyaka rya ''[[:en:Centrist_Democratic_Party_(Rwanda)|Parti Democrate Centriste]]'' ('''PDC'''), Ku wa 24 Nzeri 2020 nibwo Ihuriro ry’Igihugu ry’Imitwe ya Politiki mu Rwanda ryatoreye [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/urukiko-rw-ikirenga-rwemeje-mugisha-na-mukakarangwa-ku-mwanya-w-ubusenateri Hon. Mukakarangwa Clotilde] kwinjira mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe wa Sena asimbuye umwe muri babiri bari basoje manda yabo. == AMASHURI YIZE == '''Hon. Mukakarangwa Clotilde''' afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza muri science '''(Master degree in science'''). == AKAZI (UMWUGA) == '''Hon. MUKAKARANGWA Clotilde''' ubu ni umusenateri akaba na visi perezida w'ububanyi n'amahanga , ubufatanye n'umutekano ('''[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 Senator and Vice Chairperson of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Security]''') kuva 22/11/2020. Yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage mu ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro mu ishami ry'imisoro y'imbere mu igihugu n'imisoro y'ibanze ('''Rwanda Revenue Authority, Domestic Taxes and Local Government Taxes Department, served as Decentralized Revenue Officer''') kuva kuwa 04/06/2020 kugera 21 /11/2020, Kuva Ukwakira 2012 kugera Nzeri 2013 yabaye umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda umutwe w'abadepite nkumwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe ubukungu n'ubucuruzi ('''Member of Rwanda Parliament, Chamber of Deputies as Member of the Committee on Economy and Trade'''), yabaye visi perezida wa komite ishinzwe ubukungu n'ubucuruzi/ inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda / urugerero rw'abadepite kuva mu Kwakira 2013 kugera Werurwe 2016 ('''Vice Chairperson of the Committee on Economy and Trade / Rwanda Parliament/ Chamber of Deputies),''' Kuva muri Mata 2016 kugera Nzeri 2018 yabaye umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe ibaruramari/ urugerero rw'abadepite mu inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda ('''Rwanda Parliament, Member of Public Account Committee (PAC) / Chamber of Deputies'''). Tariki ya 30 Werurwe 2017, Inama Rusange y’Ihuriro yashyizeho abagize Biro y’Ihuriro aribo [https://forumfp.org.rw/old/?ABAVUGIZI-BASHYA-BIYEMEJE-331 Hon. MUKAKARANGWA Clotilde] uturuka mu Ishyaka '''PDC''' nk’Umuvugizi, asimbuye Madamu KANYANGE Phoebe uturuka mu Ishyaka '''PSP'''. Yabaye umugenzuzi mu ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kwegeranya imisoro n'amahoro mu ishami ryabasoreshwa benshi kuva Mutara kugera Nzeri 2012 ('''[https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/translated_contacts_form.pdf Rwanda Revenue Authority, Department of Large Taxpayers, served as Auditor]'''), mu mwaka wa 2008 yakoze kandi akazi k'igihe gito mu ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda ('''Part-time jobs at the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda'''), Kuva Kanama 1994 kugera Nzeri 2000 yabaye ushinzwe abakozi muri minisiteri y'imbere n'iterambere ry'abaturage, ashinzwe kubara no kugenzura imishahara ('''Human Resources Officer in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communal Development, in charge of calculating, verifying and regularizing salaries.'''), Kuva mu kwezi k' Ukuboza 1992 kugera Nyakanga 1994 yabaye umukozi ushinzwe ubukungu na tekiniki, akorera muri komine ya Nyamabuye ubu ni mu akarere ka Muhanga ('''Officer in charge of Economic and Technical Affairs, serving at Nyamabuye Municipality (now Muhanga District'''), Kuva Gashyantare 1990 kugera Ugushyingo 1992 yabaye umukozi ushinzwe ubukungu na tekiniki, akorera muri komine ya Kayenzi ubu ni mu akarere ka Kamonyi ('''Officer in charge of Economic and Technical Affairs, serving at Kayenzi Municipality ( now Kamonyi District)'''. == INDANGANTURO == <references /> https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/urukiko-rw-ikirenga-rwemeje-mugisha-na-mukakarangwa-ku-mwanya-w-ubusenateri https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-six-new-senators https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Mukakarangwa-wa-PCD-na-Mugisha-wa-Green-Party-batorewe-kuba-abasenateri https://forumfp.org.rw/old/?ABAVUGIZI-BASHYA-BIYEMEJE-331 https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/translated_contacts_form.pdf https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/Perezida-Kagame-yakiriye-indahiro-z-Abasenateri-bashya-Amafoto bbxgtb6wz3cbl6zsryistot0a2v59zx 0 9569 80577 80572 2021-11-19T19:48:58Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Jeanne d'arc Uwimanimpaye (wavutse 1978) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Yabaye umunyamuryango w’Umutwe w’abadepite kuva mu 2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2018, yabaye Visi Perezida w’Umutwe<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Jeanne d'Arc Uwimanimpaye yarangije muri Economics muri kaminuza nkuru yu [[Rwanda]]. Mbere yo kwinjira mu Nteko, yakoraga nk'umwarimu w’ishuri ryisumbuye, ndetse no mu nzego z'ibanze nk'umugenzuzi w'imbere mu karere akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange.<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/</ref> Uwimanimpaye yinjiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda mu 2008, nk'umwe mu bahagarariye abagore batandatu mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Mu mwaka wa 2010,<ref>http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf</ref> yagiye mu Bwongereza nk'indorerezi y'amatora ya Commonwealth ku matora rusange yo mu Bwongereza 2010<ref>https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/CPA/Publications-Reports/20100525-COT-Final-Report.pdf</ref>.Mu matora y’abadepite 2013, Uwimanimpaye yasubijwe mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref>http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf</ref> Mu Kwakira 2013, yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko, ahabwa amajwi 70 kuri 80. Nk’Umuvugizi wungirije, yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kwemerera [[Paul Kagame|Perezida Kagame]] kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko icyifuzo cyari kimaze gusinywa miliyoni 3.8 Abasaba barashimira perezida Kagame kuba yarahagaritse itsembabwoko no kuzamura ubukungu vuba<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/rwanda-elections-mps-back-move-to-let-president-paul-kagame-run-for-unprecedented-third-term-10388744.html</ref> Uwimanimpaye yatoranijwe nk'umukandida wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] mu matora y'abadepite yo mu 2018, atorerwa guhagararira [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf</ref> Yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wungirije, asimburwa na [[Edda Mukabagwiza]] wa FPR-Inkotanyi. Muri Nzeri 2019,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament</ref> Uwimanimpaye yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza ku kibazo cy’amafaranga cyerekeranye n’amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]], kandi anenga amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’amakoperative y’u Rwanda . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/readers-call-on-the-news</ref> == Reba == m9eingntmfkfrbex56qlkymhcuq0x7n 0 9570 80603 80573 2021-11-20T07:26:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki == HADIJA NDANGIZA MURANGWA == Murangwa Hadija wavutse tariki 30 [[Gicurasi]] 1975<ref>https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1BNSD_enRW971RW971&sxsrf=AOaemvLjycRwEfpNtUFmALag0Npi-Fo6cA:1637324027827&q=Hadija+Ndangiza+Murangwa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAONgecR4gJFb4OWPe8JS2xgnrTl5jXE9IxdXcEZ-uWteSWZJpZAhFxuUJSjFz8Wrn65vaJhWWVmQbZRXYiQCFcgqKDLITipIEnj4dgajUrCR-65L086xOQoyAEHKxQAHKU0tIS52z2Kf_OTEHMHYnAKFT2rv7bWEuThCEivy8_JzKwUbWBgOHP3_3l6JkxOoSaH2yUp7LYamfSsOsbFwMAowBMHtzq0sysrIKGpgnDxh0rcLfV-YeBaxSngkpmRmJSr4pSTmpWdWJSr4lhYBWeWJAFJumwPhAAAA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsx72os6T0AhXsAWMBHeAJBfYQ6RN6BAgMEAE&biw=1366&bih=625&dpr=1</ref>. uyu Murangwa hadija wimyaka 44 tariki ya mbere zuku kwezi ku [[ukwakira]] nibwo yatanzwe n'[[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|ishyaka]] rya PDI kugirango ajye muri sena.murangwa yatorowe gusimbura Uwamurera salama muri sena warusanzwe ari umukozi w [[Akarere ka Muhanga|'Akarere]] ka Rusizi ushinzwe imisoro mukigo cy'ubutuka cyako [[Akarere ka Muhanga|karere]] ( BILLING OFFICER).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/murangwa-hadidja-atorewe-gusimbura-uwamurera-salama-muri-sena</ref> == MURANGWA HADIJA NIMUNTU KI?? == Murangwa ni umuny[[Amategeko ngenga mikorere/ Inteko/Abakandida|amategeko]] kandi akaba ari n'umujyanama muby' imisoro kandi ibyo byose akaba abimazemo igihe. Murangwa yabaye mu nama z'ubutegetsi za MMI<ref>https://www.mmi.gov.rw/index.php?id=2</ref>,RDB<ref>https://rdb.rw/</ref> na BRD<ref>https://www.brd.rw/brd/</ref>.Murangwa ubu akaba ari mu nama y'ubutegetsi ya Banki nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]] (BNR).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/murangwa-hadidja-atorewe-gusimbura-uwamurera-salama-muri-sena</ref>. == ISHAKIRO == 4mfrm66u5mr2mt0faogabu3ansl048b 0 9571 80575 2021-11-19T13:46:58Z RWAYITARE250 10088 Created page with "== MUKASINE MARIE CLAIRE == Mukasine claireni umunya[[rwanda]] kazi w'[[imyaka]] mirongo itanu nibiri wakoraga muri sosiyete sivile nkumunyamuryango w'umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw[[Umugore|'umugore]] n'[[umwana]] ,haguruka, yayoboye hagati ya 1994-1996. Inama y'abaminisitiri iyobowe na nyakubahwa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] ku ya 16 kamena yashyizeho Marie Claire Mukasine nk'umuyobozi wakomisiyo y[[Igihugu|'igihugu]] cy'..." wikitext text/x-wiki == MUKASINE MARIE CLAIRE == Mukasine claireni umunya[[rwanda]] kazi w'[[imyaka]] mirongo itanu nibiri wakoraga muri sosiyete sivile nkumunyamuryango w'umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw[[Umugore|'umugore]] n'[[umwana]] ,haguruka, yayoboye hagati ya 1994-1996. Inama y'abaminisitiri iyobowe na nyakubahwa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] ku ya 16 kamena yashyizeho Marie Claire Mukasine nk'umuyobozi wakomisiyo y[[Igihugu|'igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa [[Umunyu|muntu]] asimbuye Madelein Nirere wari kubuyobozi bw'umubiri kuva kuya 17 [[Mata]] 2012.<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/mukasine-appointed-chairperson-of-the-human-rights-commission</ref> == MUKASINE NI MUNTU KI ?? == Mukasine claire mukasine afite impamya bumunye Y'[[Ikirunga|ikirenga]] ya [[Philippe Legrain|PHD]] mu by'amategeko na [[Master Harold...and the Boys (1985 film)|masters]] mu by'imicungire (management). kandi kugeza atorewe kuba umunyamanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y'ibikorwa remezo yabaye Mukasine umuyobozi mukuru w'istinda ishoramari mu [[Rwanda]](RIG).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35739</ref> Kuya 29 [[kamena]] 2020 nibwo Madame Mukasine Marie Claire yarahiriye imbere y'urukiko rukuru rw'ikirenga rwari ruyobowe na perezida na perezida w'inama nkuru y'Ubucamanza ,DR Nteziryayo Foustin.<ref>http://cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=139&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=30&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=6&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2020&cHash=3200eeab2536cfa9450b7ff0d00670ff</ref> == ISHAKIRO == h1tfu6yewxarkb9lr1lbjms0i59nqdv 0 9572 80576 2021-11-19T17:46:35Z Nninette 10329 Created page with "== Joyce uwamahoro == '''Joyce uwamahoro''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ndetse akaba yikorera ibijyanye n'imideli akaba ariwe washinze '''joyce fashion designs''' iherereye i [[Kigali]] mu isoko rya Nyarugenge<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/entrepreneurs-experience-how-start-fashion-house-2020</ref> . yashinze joyce fashion designs muri 2018. == Umwuga == '''Joyce uwamahoro''' yatangije uruganda rwe muri 2018 aho bitari byoroshye kuko atari afite igishoro..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Joyce uwamahoro == '''Joyce uwamahoro''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ndetse akaba yikorera ibijyanye n'imideli akaba ariwe washinze '''joyce fashion designs''' iherereye i [[Kigali]] mu isoko rya Nyarugenge<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/entrepreneurs-experience-how-start-fashion-house-2020</ref> . yashinze joyce fashion designs muri 2018. == Umwuga == '''Joyce uwamahoro''' yatangije uruganda rwe muri 2018 aho bitari byoroshye kuko atari afite igishoro gihagije gusa yagiye amanyekana binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bituma atangira kugenda abona abikiriya batandukanye hirya no hino bimwe mu bikorwa bye harimo; Guma mu Rugo Collection,Nyampinga dedicated Collection, ingenzi collection. akaba akora iyi mideli yabagabo ndetse nabagore afite intego yo kugirango u Rwanda rwihaze mu bijyanye ni isoko ry'imyenda ndetse bibashe no kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/joyce-fashion-designs-yashyize-hanze-imyambaro-yageneye-abashaka-kurimba</ref> . == Reba == <references /> qs14y4eocjdyia5si4h23r1kftohnef 0 9573 82455 82434 2022-04-09T01:53:47Z Johannnes89 9059 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Lohadak756|Lohadak756]] ([[User talk:Lohadak756|talk]]): Crosswiki spam (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Gangbé!''''' ni film ya documentaire yumuziki yo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] 2018 iyobowe na Arnaud Robert kandi yakozwe na Aline Schmid kuri Intermezzo Films<ref>https://moviefit.me/fr/persons/891966-aline-schmid</ref><ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_film/840F1CADF5564DCDA75121D58CB81FCA</ref>. Iyi filime ishingiye ku rugendo rwa Gangbé Brass Band, itsinda ry’umuziki rigizwe n’abanyamuryango 10 bo muri Bénine ryitwaye neza hamwe na jùjú yo muri [[Afurika]] y’iburengerazuba ndetse n’umuziki gakondo wa Vodou hamwe n’iburengerazuba bwa jazz hamwe n’amajwi manini, mu nzira ijya i Lagos kugira ngo bakore hamwe na Femi Kuti kuri Shrine<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/290732/</ref><ref>https://www.artfilm.ch/fr/aline-schmid</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza nabayireba.<ref>http://africultures.com/films/?no=17505</ref><ref>https://issuu.com/swissfilms/docs/cannes2015/24</ref> ==  references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] eayurf88ejlsp2dpzp43lngnm7lo0lv 0 9574 82315 80677 2022-03-20T08:38:25Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sara Lalama 1.jpg|thumb|sara Lalama]] '''Sara Lalama''' (yavutse 14 Gashyantare 1993), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] <ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/sara-lalama</ref>. Yagize uruhare muri ''seri za'' televiziyo Masha'er, ''Le rendez-vous'' na ''Hob Fi Kafas El Itiham''<ref>https://www.africanvibes.com/afronista-of-the-week-15-fashion-ideas-from-sara-lalama/</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 14 Gashyantare 1993 i Constantine, muri [[Alijeriya]].<ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/sara-lalama</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we muri Theatre y'Ubufaransa. Yatojwe sinema muri Toulon Regional Conservatory (Ecole De Musique Toulon Initiation), mu [[Bufaransa]] imyaka ine<ref>https://prabook.com/web/sara.lalama/1910449</ref>. Muri 2013, yakinnye filime ya mbere muri mu ikinamico ''Asrar el madi'' yerekanwe kuri [[Alijeriya]] 3<ref>https://celebrity.tn/sara-lalama-wiki/</ref>. Amaze gutsinda muri serial, yatumiriwe gukina urukurikirane ''rwurwenya, La classe'' muri 2014. Muri serial, yakinnye nka 'Nourhane'. Hanyuma muri 2015, Lalama yakinnye cyane 'Yasmine' muri ''seri ya televiziyo Hob Fi Kafas El Itiham'' iyobowe na Bachir Sellami<ref>https://www.24hdz.com/television-bataille-feuilletons/</ref>. Muri 2016, yakinnye bwa mbere muri sinema 'Nedjma' hamwe na film ''El boughi'' . Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye nka 'Quamar', muri ''ikinamico Qoloub Tahta Ramad'' iyobowe na Bachir Sellami. Muri 2017, yakinnye muri serial ''Samt El Abriyaa''. Kuva mu 2019, yagaragaye ku ikinamico ''Masha'er yatangajwe'' muri [[Alijeriya]] na [[Tuniziya]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10105930/characters/nm10101002</ref>. <ref>[http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/ar/article/20170110/99821.html/ "«صمت الأبرياء» مسلسل تليفزيوني لرمضان القادم]. (in Arabic). Retrieved May 20, 2017.</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye umukino wo ''kwidagadura wo muri Alijeriya witwa Chiche Atahaddak'' .<ref>https://www.lesoirdalgerie.com/articles/2017/06/12/print-16-214998.php</ref> <ref>[http://www.echoroukonline.com/ara/articles/524246.html فريدة بلقسّام وأحمد خلفاوي يقبلان التحدّي في "شيش أتحدّاك".](in Arabic). Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2013 |''Asrar el madi'' | |TV Series |- |2014 |''La classe'' |Nourhane |TV Series |- |2015 |''[[:en:Hob_Fi_Kafas_El_Itiham|Hob Fi Kafas El Itiham]]'' |Yasmine |TV Series |- |2016 |''El boughi'' |Nedjma |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Qoloub_Tahta_Ramad|Qoloub Tahta Ramad]]'' |Quamar |TV Series |- |2017 |''[[:en:Samt_El_Abriyaa|Samt El Abriyaa]]'' |Hanane |TV Series |- |2017 |''Le rendez-vous'' |Sara |Short film |- |2019 |''Masha'er'' |Zahra |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] h8tbwctllpnd069krob38b5djta4bsc 0 9575 80690 80582 2021-11-22T03:09:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brahim Haggiag''' (1934–1997), yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0352835/</ref>. <ref>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2923550</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''[[The Battle of Algiers|Intambara ya Algiers]]'', ''Patrouille à l'Est'' na ''L'opium et le baton''<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/m0k4d9h?hl=it</ref><ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/brahim-haggiag/tc/business/</ref> . == Umwuga == Mu 1966, yatangiye gukina umukino wa mbere afite imiterere ya ' Ali La Pointe ' muri filime ''[[The Battle of Algiers|Intambara ya Algiers]]'' iyobowe na Gillo Pontecorvo<ref>https://www.kpbs.org/news/arts-culture/2016/10/19/battle-algiers-gripping-new-print</ref>. Filime yabaye icyamamare muri uwo mwaka maze Haggiag atoranywa muri filime ''L'opium et le baton'', ''Les hors-la-loi'' na ''Chronicle of the Year of Fire'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0352835/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1966 |''[[:en:The_Battle_of_Algiers|The Battle of Algiers]]'' |[[:en:Ali_La_Pointe|Ali La Pointe]] |- |1967 |''The Stranger'' |Arab |- |1969 |''L'opium et le baton'' |Omar |- |1969 |''Les hors-la-loi'' |Charretier |- |1971 |''Patrouille à l'Est'' | |- |1975 |''Chronicle of the Years of Fire'' | |- |1985 |''Buamama'' | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] bu6vtznh7wf2882s17g55b335ox0q7f 0 9576 80689 80583 2021-11-22T03:02:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''''In Search Of Voodoo: Roots To Heaven''''' ni film ya documentaire ya biografiya yo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] 2018 iyobowe numukinnyi wamamaye wa Hollywood uzwi cyane Djimon Hounsou kandi afatanije numuyobozi ubwe hamwe na Eric McGaw<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5045249/</ref>.<ref>https://tubitv.com/movies/534760/in-search-of-voodoo-roots-to-heaven</ref><ref>https://bampfa.org/event/search-voodoo-roots-heaven</ref> Iyi filime ishingiye ku bintu byabayeho mu buzima bwumukinnyi Djimon Hounsou kandi yibanda ku nkuru z’umuntu ku giti cye, umuco, ndetse n’umwuka za Voodoo, muri [[Afurika]] y’iburengerazuba. Filime yakiriwe neza nabayireba<ref>http://www.spla.pro/fiche.film.in-search-of-voodoo-roots-to-heaven.18277.html</ref><ref>https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/in-search-of-voodoo-roots-to-heaven-review-1202723674/</ref>.<ref>https://mubi.com/films/in-search-of-voodoo-roots-to-heaven</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] gxhero48hnv5zu724ybdp2lx17gvv4j 0 9577 82451 82433 2022-04-09T01:46:34Z Johannnes89 9059 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Leloca4372|Leloca4372]] ([[User talk:Leloca4372|talk]]): Crosswiki spam (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Souhila Mallem.jpg|thumb|'''Souhila Mallem''']] '''Souhila Mallem''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Kamena 1988), bakunze kwita '''Bibicha''', ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6330432/</ref>. [[Dosiye:Souhila_Mallem_2.jpg|thumb| Souhila Mallem, nka Sultana Abla]] == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Kamena 1988 i Algiers, [[Alijeriya]]. Yize amategeko mu ishami ry'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Algiers 1 <ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/897439-souhila-mallem</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakiriye porogaramu yatewe inkunga na 'Cevital group' yo gushyigikira ikipe y'igihugu ya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] isakaza umuyoboro wa ENTV<ref>https://www.mymoviepicker.com/personne/souhila-maalem-166828.htm</ref>. Muri iki gitaramo, yabonywe n’umuyobozi Djafar Gassem, nyuma atanga uruhare muriserial ''Djemai family 1'' nka 'Faty'<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?birth_date=1988-01-01,1988-12-31&sort=birth_date,asc&start=2401</ref>. Hanyuma yakinnye muri serial ''Dar Bahdja'' nka 'Zina'.<ref>https://musicjuice.xyz/video/j9c78h/zoubir-show-episode-13-chanson-live-souhila-mallem</ref> Nyamara gukina filimi yakunzwe cyane byaje mu ruhare rwa 'Bibicha' muri serial izwi cyane ya ''Bibiche na Bibicha''<ref>https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/souhila-mallem.html</ref> . Nyuma yaje gukina nka 'Princess Abla' muri serial ''Sultan Achour 10'' nizindi nshingano nka 'Sabrina' muri serial ''El Khawa'' ndetse na 'Lila' muri sitcom ''Wlad Hlal''<ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/souhila-mallem</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 - 2009 |''Djemai family (Season 1 & 2)'' |Faty |TV Series |- |2010 |''Djemai family (Season 3)'' |Khadija |TV Series |- |2010 |''Parfums d'Alger'' |Karima |Film |- |2010 |''La Cité des Vieux'' |Sarah |Film |- |2011 |''Dalil'' |Amel |TV Series |- |2012 |''Khalti Lallahoum'' |Meriem |TV Series |- |2012 |''Titi'' |Lamia |Film |- |2012 |''L'Héroine'' |Karima |Film |- |2012 |''Le Hublot'' | |Short film |- |2012 |''Caméra Café'' |Lilia |TV Series |- |2013 |''Switchers'' |La sœur |TV Series |- |2013 |''Dar El Bahdja'' |Zina |TV Series |- |2013 - 2014 |''Asrar El Madhi'' |Amira |TV Series |- |2013 |''Les Jours d'avant'' |Yamina |Short film |- |2013 |''Certifiée Halal'' |Souad |Film |- |2014 - 2019 |''Bibiche & Bibicha'' |Bibicha |TV Series |- |2014 |''Khamsa'' |Oran Hayat / Selma |TV Series |- |2015 - 2017 |''Sultan Ashour 10 (Season 1 & 2)'' |Princess Abla |TV Series |- |2018 |''El Khawa'' |Sabrina |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Wlad_Lahlal|Wlad Lahlal]]'' |Leila |TV Series |- |2020 |''Ahwal Anas'' |herself |TV Series |- |2020 |''Confinement'' |Mika |TV Series |- |2020 |''Héliopolis'' |Nedjma |Film |- |2020 |''Babour Ellouh'' |El Ghalia |TV Series |- |2021 |''Sultan Achour 10 (Season 3)'' |Sultana Abla |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 0vw6hasvuxvhbfxhl5ew4rugrtucryu 0 9578 80685 80585 2021-11-21T19:03:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Merouane Guerouabi, interviewed by Amjed Jojo - Jan 20, 2016.jpg|thumb|'''Merouane Guerouab''']] '''Merouane Guerouabi''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Mutarama 1989), bakunze kwita '''Bibich''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] akaba n'umunyarwenya.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11768618/characters/nm11343385</ref><ref>https://thenotablepeople.com/profile/Merouane_Guerouabi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 11 Mutarama 1989 i Algiers, [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. <ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/algerian-actors</ref>Se El Hachemi Guerouabi yari umuririmbyi wo muri [[Alijeriya]] akaba n'uwahimbye Chaâbi akaba n'umwe mu ba Masters bakuru b'umuziki wa Chaâbi ukomoka muri [[Alijeriya]]<ref>http://www.almarjane.com/el-hachemi-guerouabi.htm</ref>. Mbere yo gukina, yari umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru<ref>https://alchetron.com/El-Hachemi-Guerouabi</ref><ref>https://www.tribunelecteurs.com/merouane-guerouabi-un-comedien-autodidacte-au-potentiel-avere/</ref>. == Umwuga == Nyuma y’abakinnyi benshi batatsinze, Guerouabi yahisemo kwandika igishushanyo cya mbere cyacishijwe kuri interineti mu 2013 hamwe n’izina rya ''MGDZ''<ref>https://alchetron.com/El-Hachemi-Guerouabi</ref> . Muri 2017, yagaragaye mu kiganiro kuri televiziyo ''Huitième Jour'' (J8)<ref>http://www.dknews-dz.com/article/63260-merouane-guerouabi-un-comedien-autodidacte-au-potentiel-avere.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2019 | ''Bibich & Bibicha 5 (Le garuka)'' | Bibich | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] lq9qxy751ih4jsuqdrpxltrcs4dngb7 0 9579 82316 80684 2022-03-20T08:39:02Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki '''Numidia Lezoul''' (yavutse 10 Gashyantare 1996), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . Yavukiye mu ishami rya Tizi Ouzou . Yize umuziki n'umurage wa Andalusiya imyaka 8<ref>https://www.personality-database.com/profile/373132/numidia-lezoul-actors-actresses-world-mbti-personality-type</ref>. Muri 2016, yatangiye umwuga wo gukina afite uruhare runini 'mushiki wa Bouzid Zahra' kuri tereviziyo ya ''sitidiyo ya Buside''<ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/numidia-lezoul</ref> . Hanyuma yagaragaye muri ''seri ya Taht almuraqaba yo muri 2017'' nka 'fiancée wumunyamerika Abdullah'. Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye umukino wo ''kwidagadura wo muri Alijeriya witwa Chiche Atahaddak'' <ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Numidia_Lezoul</ref>. <ref>[http://www.echoroukonline.com/ara/articles/524246.html فريدة بلقسّام وأحمد خلفاوي يقبلان التحدّي في "شيش أتحدّاك".](in Arabic). Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Umunsi wa Buside'' | fifi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Taht almuraqaba'' | Umukunzi wa Abdullah wumunyamerika | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 7ifihr6xsqt8ipsqr15awq8ie1r0iql 0 9580 80683 80587 2021-11-21T18:26:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meriem Oukbir''' (yavutse 26 Gashyantare 1991), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] <ref>https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65694077&lang=en</ref>. Azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Dalya' muri filime ''Wlad Lahlal'' <ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/meriem-oukbir</ref>. Yarangije kaminuza muri 2013<ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/meriem-oukbir</ref>. Igihe yari muri kaminuza, yatangiye umwuga we w'icyitegererezo<ref>https://www.modelosfamosas.com/africa/modelos-argelinas-famosas/</ref>. Muri 2016, yagize uruhare rukomeye rwumukobwa wa Zahra murukurikirane ''rwurwenya'' <ref>https://news4masses.com/most-beautiful-hottest-algerian-actresses-models-n4m-reviews/</ref>. Maryam yageze ku ntsinzi nk'umukinnyi wa filime kubera uruhare rukunzwe rwa 'Zahra' muri serie ''On Watch'', aho yakiriwe neza na rubanda<ref>https://actorbiography.com/meriem-oukbir</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/garde-enfant-boulogne-billancourt.html</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2019 | ''Wlad Lahlal'' | Dalya | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ksuhqtfi7z9i05obmaci8ksundtfy4z 0 9581 80682 80588 2021-11-21T18:12:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ângelo Torres''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Mata 1968), ni umukinnyi wa filimi Porutugali akaba n'umuyobozi wa [[Sawo Tome na Purensipe|São Toméan]] <ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/141838-angelo-torres</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Kunta'', ''Hay Road'' na ''Magnetick Pathways''<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/angelo-torres</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 14 Mata 1968 muri [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale|Gineya ya Ekwatoriya]] . Ababyeyi be bari São Toméans naho Torres afite abavandimwe 24, nubwo batatu gusa bakomoka kuri se na nyina<ref>https://www.tvmaze.com/characters/707504/for-life-angelo-torres</ref>. Afite imyaka itandatu, yavuye muri [[Gineya]] ya Ekwatoriya yimukira muri Cuba, aho yize ibijyanye n'ubuhanga kugeza afite imyaka 21<ref>http://africultures.com/php/?nav=personne&no=14337</ref>. Amaze imyaka irindwi muri [[Cuba]], yimukiye muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] yiga mu kigo cya Polytechnic i Lisbonne. Nyuma, yatangiye gukina umukino wa mbere muri ''Por Por preto''<ref>https://www.sensacine.com/actores/actor-80821/</ref> . Arubatse kuri [[Ikigalisiya|Galician]] n'umugore afite umukobwa umwe, Mar<ref>https://medium.com/@ineews/projeto-ultramarino-brought-together-artists-from-the-portuguese-speaking-world-in-bel%C3%A9m-b73052ddfeaf?source=rss-------1</ref>. == Umwuga == Gukina sinema ye ya mbere yaje kunyura muri firime ''A Ilha dos Escravos'' <ref>https://carifilms.com/actor/angelo-torres</ref>. Yatorewe kuba Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu mwaka wa 2012, kubera filime yitwa ''Estrada de Palha'' <ref>https://www.buala.org/pt/da-fala/angelo-torres-vence-o-premio-de-melhor-actor-secundario-pelo-filme-estrada-de-palha-de-rodri</ref>. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye igihembo kimwe kuri firime imwe muri 18 Festival Caminhos do Cinema Português.<ref>https://www.alexandregoncalves.eu/angelo-torres.html</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0868866/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1987 |''Duma Vez por Todas'' | |Film |- |1991 |''O Café do Ambriz'' | |TV Mini-Series |- |1991 |''Por Mares Nunca Dantes Navegados'' | |TV Series |- |1992 |''Xavier'' |Worker |Film |- |1992 |''Mauser'' | |TV Movie |- |1993 |''Encontros imperfeitos'' |Car washer |Film |- |1993 |''O Miradouro da Lua'' | |Film |- |1994 |''Sozinhos em Casa'' | |TV Series |- |1995 |''Foreign Land'' |Angolano 1 |Film |- |1996 |''Novacek'' |Eduardo |TV Series |- |1996 |''A Mulher do Sr. Ministro'' |Punjabi |TV Series |- |1996 |''Polícias'' |Jerónimo |TV Series |- |1996 |''Pensão Estrela'' |Mario |TV Series |- |1997 |''A Tempestade da Terra'' |Ningo |Film |- |1997 |''Estado de Sítio'' | |Video short |- |1998 |''Ora Viva!'' |Cocuana |TV Series |- |1998 |''Ilunga'' | |Film |- |1999 |''O Fura-Vidas'' | |TV Series |- |1999 |''Jornalistas'' |Immigrant |TV Series |- |2000 |''Among Us'' |Pedro |Short film |- |2000 |''A Noiva'' | |TV Movie |- |2000 |''Black & White'' | |Short film |- |2001 |''Querido Professor'' | |TV Series |- |2002 |''88'' |Officer Vitor |TV Movie |- |2002 |''Sociedade Anónima'' |Guarda Antunes |TV Series |- |2002 |''La mort est rousse'' |Madousso |TV Movie |- |2002 |''[[:en:My_Voice_(film)|My Voice]]'' |Yano |Film |- |2002 |''Storia di guerra e d'amicizia'' | |Film |- |2002 |''Almirante Reis'' |Policeman |Short film |- |2003 |''Preto E Branco'' |Pascoal |Film |- |2003 |''Volpone'' |Castrato |TV Movie |- |2004 |''Tudo Isto é Fado'' |Amadeu, the crook |Film |- |2004 |''The Murmuring Coast'' |Hotel Clerk |Film |- |2005 |''Hi! Am Erica'' |Jimmy |Film |- |2008 |''[[:en:A_Ilha_dos_Escravos|A Ilha dos Escravos]]'' |João |Film |- |2008 |''Surface'' | |Short film |- |2008 |''Casos da Vida'' |Mauro |TV Series |- |2008 |''Rebelde Way'' |Adérito |TV Series |- |2009 |''O Último Condenado à Morte'' |Baltazar |Film |- |2009 |''Equador'' |Libério |TV Mini-Series |- |2009 |''Vamos Ouvir'' | |TV Series |- |2010 |''Conta-me Como Foi'' |Padre Luís |TV Series |- |2011 |''Laços de Sangue'' | |TV Series |- |2011 |''O Bar do Ti-Chico'' |Kudebenguela |TV Movie |- |2011 |''Nha Fala'' | |Film |- |2012 |''Hay Road'' |Américo |Film |- |2008 |''Liberdade 21'' |Dr. Eduardo |TV Series |- |2012 |''Amareloazulpretoamarelo'' |Adult Lucas |Short film |- |2013 |''Maternidade'' |Abel Cassamá |TV Series |- |2013 |''Bobô'' |Tio |Film |- |2013 |''A Mãe do Senhor Ministro'' |Dos Santos |TV Series |- |2013 |''The Thorn of the Rose'' |Policia |Film |- |2013 |''Estranhamento'' |Paquete |Short film |- |2014 |''Fortunato: D'aqui até São Torcato'' | |Short film |- |2015 |''Ornamento e Crime'' |Arão |Film |- |2016 |''A Pedra'' |Doctor |Short film |- |2017 |''[[:en:A_Única_Mulher|A Única Mulher]]'' |Norberto Venâncio |TV Series |- |2017 |''A Ilha dos Cães'' |Pera D'Aço |Film |- |2017 |''Damned Summer'' |Xamã |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Ouro_Verde_(TV_series)|Ouro Verde]]'' |Padre Sebastião |TV Series |- |2017 |''O Fim da Inocência'' |Mário |Film |- |2018 |''A Herdeira'' |Calu |TV Series |- |2018 |''Gabriel'' |Valdo |Film |- |2018 |''Magnetick Pathways'' |João Lobo |Film |- |2019 |''Para Além da Memória'' |Mecenas |Film |- |2019 |''[[:en:Prisioneira|Prisioneira]]'' |Henrique Drummond |Film |- |2020 |''The Last Bath'' |Edgar |Film |- |TBD |''Já Te Disse Que Te Amo?'' |André |Short film |- |TBD |''Nayola'' |The Boy |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] jty1ou6g48v18dfmba6i17m1zpnnwn6 0 9582 80681 80589 2021-11-21T17:58:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miguel João de Andrade Hurst''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Kamena 1967), uzwi cyane nka '''Miguel Hurst''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Angola]] akaba n'umuyobozi wa filimi ukomoka mu [[Abadage|Budage]] no muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]].<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260790046_E-Participation_in_Portuguese_local_governments_evaluation_of_deployment_and_adherence_of_Web_20_technologies</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime''Foreign Land'', ''Le pacte du Silence'' and ''Filhos do Vento''<ref>http://www.designindaba.com/people/miguel-hurst</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Kamena 1967 i Freiburgo mu [[Budage]] arahakurira kugeza ku myaka icyenda. Kuva mu 1977 kugeza 1979, yabaga muri [[Gineya-Biso|Gineya Bissau]] hanyuma yimukira i Lisbonne, [[Porutugali]] kuva 1979 kugeza 2003<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/145556-miguel-hurst</ref><ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3813/</ref>. Muri kiriya gihe, yize mu ishuri rya Theatre na Sinema rya Lisbonne nyuma ashinga itsinda ry’imikino rya Pau Preto i Lisbonne<ref>https://leromundoemportugues.pt/miguel-hurst-o-portugues-tambem-e-nosso/</ref>. Mu 2003, yimukiye i Luanda, muri Angola maze agirwa umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Angola Institute of Audiovisual and Multimedia Cinema (IACAM)<ref>IACAM</ref>.<ref>https://cinemaportuguesmemoriale.pt/Pessoas/id/10546/t/miguel-hurst/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1995 yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba ''Teatro Nacional D.Maria II-Lisboa'' <ref>http://neovibe.azurewebsites.net/artist/miguel-hurst</ref>. Mu 2007, yakoze nk'umwarimu muri disipuline Intangiriro yubuhanzi muri Universidade Independente, Luanda. Hanyuma guhera mu 2005, yakoraga ku mateka yikinamico mu kigo cyigihugu gishinzwe amahugurwa yubuhanzi umwaka umwe<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0412175/mediaindex</ref>. Hagati ya 2010 na 2016, akora muri Goethe-Institut Angola (Instituto Cultural Alemao), aho yaje gusaba umushinga Christiane Schulte umushinga wo kwerekana umuco wa sinema wa [[Angola]].<ref>https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/CHRISTIAN-SCHULTE,-MIGUEL-HURST,-GABRIELE-STILLER-KERN,-WALTER-FERNANDEZ,?cm_sp=brcr-_-bdp-_-author</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wubuhanzi muri Semba Comunicação, akina kuri televiziyo ''Fora de Série'' . Nyuma yaje gukorana na opera nyinshi nka ''Sede de Viver'', ''O Comba'', ''O Testamento'' na ''Minha Terra Minha Mãe'' <ref>https://thespaces.com/screen-stars-rescuing-angolas-cinemas/</ref>. Hagati aho, mu 2015, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa ''Angola Cinemas'', ku bufatanye n’umufotozi Walter Fernandes<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2015/05/angolan-cinemas-past-and-present-tense</ref>. Nkuwashinze, umuyobozi nuyobora ibicuruzwa bya Pau Preto Theatre Group, atunganya amakinamico menshi arimo; ''Os Condenados'', ''Museu do Pau Preto'', ''Cabral'', ''Alimária'', ''Idéia Karapinha'', Quem, ''Inyenzi yo'' ''Kuririmba'' na ''Woza Albert''<ref>https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200305080583.html</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare |- | 1993 | ''Encontros imperfeitos'' | António |- | 1993 | ''A Banqueira do Povo'' | António |- | 1994 | ''Sozinhos em Casa'' | Ernesto |- | 1994 | ''Um Sabor a Mel'' | Jimmy |- | 1994 | ''Os Andrades'' | Rui |- | 1995 | ''Ubutaka bw'amahanga'' | Angolano 3 |- | 1997 | ''Afro Lisboa'' | |- | 1997 | ''Filos ikora Vento'' | Arthur |- | 1997 | ''Riscos'' | Zeka |- | 1998 | ''Kure y'amaso'' | Imfungwa mu bitaro |- | 1998 | ''Terra Mãe'' | Hugo |- | 1999 | ''Jornalistas'' | |- | 1999 | ''Esquadra de Polícia'' | |- | 1999 | ''A Lenda da Garça'' | Guilherme |- | 2001 | ''Jardins Proibidos'' | Adolfo |- | 2002 | ''Super Pai'' | Muganga |- | 2003 | ''Le pacte du guceceka'' | L'interne |- | 2004 | ''Intwari'' | Muganga Luís |- | 2010 | ''Regresso a Sizalinda'' | Adolfo |- | 2011 | ''Voo Directo'' | Vitor |- | 2013 | ''Njinga, Umwamikazi wa Angola'' | Njali |- | 2014 | ''Jikulumessu'' | Walter Nambe |- | 2014 | ''Njinga, Rainha de Angola'' | Njali |- | 2017 | ''A Ilha dos Cães'' | Pedro Mbala |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tqcs96opkrzl13hcgiis7zit40cx78s 0 9583 80680 80590 2021-11-21T17:35:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''António Tavares''' (yavutse 1960), n'umwanditsi wa Porutugali na [[Angola]] <ref>https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5289106.Ant_nio_Tavares</ref>. Ni n'umunyamakuru, umwarimu n'umunyapolitiki wo muri [[Porutugali]]<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/antonio-tavares-torres</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1960 i Lobito, muri [[Angola]] . Mu 1975, afite imyaka 15, yimukiye muri [[Porutugali]] nyuma yo gukoronizwa muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?death_place=Portugal&start=301</ref>. Nyuma yize amashuri yisumbuye i Porto. Nyuma, yarangije amategeko mu ishami ry'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Coimbra<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326408960_Automatic_indexing_and_ontologies_The_consistency_of_the_research_chronology_and_authoring_in_the_scope_of_Information_Science</ref> . Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu by'amategeko agenga itumanaho muri kaminuza imwe<ref>https://sigarra.up.pt/faup/en/pub_geral.pub_relac?pv_pub_base_id=79408&pv_tipo=autores</ref>. Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yatangiye gukora nk'umwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye mu Ishuri ryisumbuye Domingos Rebelo (Escola Secundária Domingos Rebelo), i Ponta Delgada, nyuma mu ishuri rya Dr. Joaquim de Carvalho (Escola Secundária Dr. Joaquim de Carvalho), muri Figueira da Foz<ref>https://ccbibliotecas.azores.gov.pt/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3APintura&offset=4340&sort_by=relevance_az</ref> . Hagati aho, yinjiye muri politiki ya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] maze aba umuyobozi muri komine ya Figueira da Foz kuva 2005 kugeza 2009, nyuma aba umuyobozi mu nzego z'umuco, imijyi n'ibidukikije kuva 2009 kugeza 2013. Kuva mu 2013 gushika 2017, Tavares ni visi perezida wa komine.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-36799-x?platform=hootsuite</ref><ref>http://alchemy.sheridancollege.ca/2021/02/03/meet-prof-anthony-tavares-chemistry-and-gas-program-coordinator/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2013, yakiriye icyubahiro mu gihembo cya Alves Redol kubera igitabo cyitwa 'O Tempo Adormeceu sob o Sol da Tarde'<ref>https://www.e-cultura.pt/artigo/20424</ref>. Tavares yanditse igitabo ''kizwi cyane nka Palavras que Me Deverão Guiar um Dia'' aho yari yarangije igihembo cya Leya 2013. Ariko, muri 2015 yatsindiye igihembo cya Leya kubera igitabo ''O Coro dos Defuntos'' (Korali y'abapfuye). Yashinze kandi ikinyamakuru yo mu karere 'A Linha do Oeste' n'ikinyamakuru 'Litorais'.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260790046_E-Participation_in_Portuguese_local_governments_evaluation_of_deployment_and_adherence_of_Web_20_technologies</ref> == Akazi k'umwanditsi == * ''Trilogia da Arte de Matar'' - (ikinamico) * ''Gémeos 6'' - (ikinamico) * ''O Menino Rei'' - (ikinamico) * ''Luís Cajão, O Homem eo Escritor'' * ''Manuel Fernandes Thomás ea Liberdade de Imprensa'' * ''Redondo Júnior eo Teatro'' * ''Arquétipos e Mitos da Psicologia Imibereho ya Figueirense'' * ''Figueira da Foz, Erros do Passado, Soluções para o Futuro'' - (2013) * ''Nka Palavras que Me Deverão Guiar um Dia'' - (2013) * ''O Coro dos Defuntos'' - (2015) * ''Todos os Dias Morrem Yanze'' - (2017) == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 1pjkaf5wnwvil7gnw1c8mn9edktf12u 0 9584 80679 80591 2021-11-21T17:18:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orlando Sérgio''' (wavutse 1960), ni Umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Angola]]<ref>https://actoragecheck.com/movie/Orlando-S%C3%A9rgio/Liberdade/309877</ref> <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0845382/</ref>. Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''Amabaruwa y'intambara'', ''Liberdade'' ''n'Intwari'' <ref>https://www.buala.org/pt/cara-a-cara/orlando-sergio-o-jovem-que-todos-queremos-ser</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/cast/orlando-sergio</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1994 |''Sozinhos em Casa'' |Futunga |- |1995 |''Queridas e Maduras'' | |- |1995 |''[[:en:Haircut_(film)|Haircut]]'' |Black Man |- |1995 |''Sandra, the Rebel Princess'' |Soldat africain |- |1995 |''Combate de Negro e de Cães'' | |- |1996 |''Novacek'' |Jorge |- |1996 |''Polícias'' |Marido de Bia |- |1997 |''As Aventuras do Camilo'' |Hóspede |- |1997 |''Morte Macaca'' |Priest |- |1998 |''Não Há Duas Sem Três'' |Henrique Heitor |- |1998 |''No Fotógrafo'' | |- |2000 |''Camilo na Prisão'' |Juvenal |- |2004 |''The Hero'' |Minister |- |2011 |''Liberdade'' | |- |2014 |''Jikulumessu'' |José Loca |- |2014 |''Njinga, Rainha de Angola'' |Jaga Casacassage |- |2016 |''Letters from War'' |Catolo |- |2016 |''Rainha das Flores'' |Dr. Neves |- |2017 |''Filha da Lei'' |Rogério Almeida |- |2018 |''Paixão'' |Recluso |- |2018 |''Alma e Coração'' |Agostinho |- |2019 |''Teorias da Conspiração'' |Procurador |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] s45kb70f2yeefiw7qh9dsre808jswt6 0 9585 80678 80592 2021-11-21T17:15:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Érica Sofia de Jesus Chissapa Bicho''' (yavutse ku ya 22 Ukuboza 1988), uzwi cyane nka '''Erica Chissapa''', ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umunyamakuru [[Angola|wa Angola]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3977779/bio</ref> . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime''[[:en:Njinga:_Queen_of_Angola|Njinga: Queen of Angola]]'', ''Voo Directo'' and ''Jikulumessu''<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/erica-chissapa/3030497069/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Ukuboza 1988 i Huambo, mu kibaya cyo hagati cya [[Angola]] <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/erica-chissapa</ref>. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Luanda afite imyaka ibiri gusa kandi abana na ba sekuruza, asize ababyeyi be na barumuna be batatu mu gihugu cye<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/erica-chissapa</ref>. == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 14, Erica yinjiye mu ikinamico. Mugihe yari mu myitozo yitsinda ryamakinamico i Luanda, yatumiriwe gusimbura umwe mubakinnyi bakinnye, wagombaga gufungura nyuma yiminsi itatu<ref>https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/erica-chissapa-em-novela-portuguesa/</ref>. Hanyuma yimukiye kuri seri ya televiziyo abitumiwe n'umukinnyi Orlando Sérgio . Ariko, ntabwo yatsinze ikizamini cyambere.<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Orlando_S%C3%A9rgio</ref> Nyuma yaje gutsinda guhitamo miniseries, ariko ikibabaje nuko umusaruro wahagaritswe nyuma yimitwe ibiri yanditswe<ref>https://fontedenoticias.com/en/conheca-o-percurso-destas-tres-actrizes-angolanas/</ref>. Icyakora, yakomeje kwigaragaza mu ikinamico ya [[Angola]] hamwe nitsinda ryamakinamico 'Henriques Artes'<ref>https://sw.shops-net.com/136678/1/erica-chissapa.html</ref>. Mu 2005, yakinnye muri opera yisabune ''Sede de Viver'' anakina nka 'Kátia'. Intsinzi imaze gutsinda, yatumiwe kugira uruhare runini muri Brezil-Angola ''ikorana na Minha''<ref>https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/fama/erica-chissapa-partilha-emocao-por-ver-a-mae-a-casar-se-com-seu-vestido/</ref> ''Terra Minha Mãe'' . Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakinnye muri filimi ya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] - Angola ''Voo Directo'' . Muri uruhererekane, Érica yagize uruhare nka 'Weza Oliveira'. Muri 2014, yatumiriwe kujya mu ikinamico ''Jikulumessu'' n'umuririmbyi Coréon Dú<ref>https://alchetron.com/Lesliana-Pereira</ref> . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''Black and White Lives'' |Lígia |TV Series |- |2005 |''Sede de Viver'' |Kátia |TV Series |- |2008 |''Minha Terra Minha Mãe'' |Teresinha |TV Series |- |2010 |''Voo Directo'' |Weza |TV Series |- |2014 |''[[:en:Njinga:_Queen_of_Angola|Njinga: Queen of Angola]]'' |Kifunji |Film |- |2014 |''Jikulumessu'' |Ruth Capala |TV Series |- |2014 |''Njinga, Rainha de Angola'' |Kifunji |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] m0pk2wwrd9brj4k0b1brahxmc9j9uae 0 9586 82453 82437 2022-04-09T01:47:37Z Johannnes89 9059 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Leloca4372|Leloca4372]] ([[User talk:Leloca4372|talk]]): Crosswiki spam (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luís Filipe Duarte Ferreira da Silva''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Filipe Duarte''' (5 Kamena 1973 - 17 Mata 2020), yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Porutigali|Portugal]] akaba n'umuhanzi w'ijwi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Variações: Umumarayika Murinzi'', ''Cinzento e Negro'' na ''Urusaku'' <ref>https://expresso.pt/cultura/2020-04-17-Morreu-o-ator-Filipe-Duarte</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Kamena 1973 i Nova Lisboa, icyo gihe avukira mu gihugu cya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na [[Angola]] . Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Espagne, Nuria Mencía<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref> . Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Antonia wavutse muri Werurwe 2011<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref>. Duarte yapfuye ku ya 17 Mata 2020, ubwo COVID-19 yafungwaga bwa mbere muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], afite imyaka 46 azize indwara ya myocardial<ref>https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/04/filipe-duarte-dead-days-gone/</ref> . == Umwuga == Duarte yarangije amasomo yikinamico kuri theatre kuri Theatre ya Lisbonne na School of Film <ref>https://latestbios.com/usa/filipe-duarte-bio-wiki-age/</ref>. Hanyuma yarangije amahugurwa yabakinnyi mu kigo cyubushakashatsi no guhanga amakinamico. Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina akina amakinamico menshi ayobowe n'abayobozi b'amakinamico bazwi cyane Adolfo Gutkin, Rogério de Carvalho, Geraldo Touché, Francisco Salgado, Carlos J. Pessoa, Laila Ripol na Miguel Seabra<ref>https://www.dn.pt/pais/ator-filipe-duarte-morre-aos-46-anos-12083903.html</ref>. Kuri televiziyo, yakinnye kuri filimi''Teorema de Pitágoras'', iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Telles.<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref> Hanyuma yinjiye muri ''serivise ebyiri za televiziyo A Ferreirinha'', iyobowe na Jorge Paixão da Costa na ''João Semana'', na João Cayatte. Amaze kuba umukinnyi uzwi cyane muri serial, yagize uruhare runini muri serie ya ''Ecuador'' yari ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Miguel Sousa Tavares . Muri 2013, yakinnye cyane 'João Belmonte' muri seri ya televiziyo ''Belmonte''<ref>https://offgridviews.blogspot.com/2021/10/filipe-duarte-actor.html?m=1</ref> . Hagati aho, Filipe yakoraga amajwi asanzwe yerekana amakatuni na firime zirimo umuntu uzwi cyane 'Sanosuke Sagara' muri animasiyo ya ''Samurai X''<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/211606255/filipe-duarte</ref>''.'' Igihe yapfaga mu 2020, yafataga amajwi y'ikinamico yo muri Berezile ''Amor de Mãe'', yerekanaga kuri SIC, yinjira mu bakinnyi ba filime ''Nothing Ever Happened'' iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Teles<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''13º Buraco'' | |Short film |- |1999 |''Jardim da Celeste'' | |TV Series |- |1999 |''À Deriva'' |Luís |Short film |- |2001 |''A Febre do Ouro Negro'' |Xico Perigoso |TV Mini-Series |- |2001 |''Teorema de Pitágoras'' |Henrique |TV Movie |- |2001 |''Bastidores'' |Afonso |TV Series |- |2002 |''Sociedade Anónima'' | |TV Series |- |2002 |''Fúria de Viver'' |Pedro Lacerda |TV Series |- |2003 |''Just by Chance'' |Carlos |TV Series |- |2003 |''Cacto'' |Fred |Short film |- |2003 |''Os Imortais'' |Abel Cavaco |Film |- |2004 |''The Miracle According to Salomé'' |Tenente Brás |Film |- |2004 |''The Murmuring Coast'' |Luis |Film |- |2004 |''A Ferreirinha'' |António Bernardo |TV Series |- |2004 |''Confissões de 2 Deputados'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Tiro no Escuro'' |Engenheiro |Film |- |2005 |''João Semana'' |Zé do Telhado |TV Series |- |2005 |''Uma Noite ao Acaso'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Amor Próprio'' |Passenger |Short film |- |2006 |''Estranho'' |Husband |TV Series |- |2006 |''Blood Curse'' |Luis |Film |- |2006 |''Fatal'' |Batarda |Short film |- |2006 |''Os Caminheiros'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''Antes de Amanhã'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''A Outra Margem'' |Ricardo |Film |- |2008 |''[[:en:Nuit_de_chien|Nuit de chien]]'' |Júlio |Film |- |2008 |''Noise'' |Paulo |Film |- |2008 |''Castelos no Ar'' |Júlio |Short film |- |2008 |''[[:en:4_Hearts|4 Copas]]'' |Miguel |Film |- |2008 |''Equador'' |Luís Bernardo Valença |TV Mini-Series |- |2010 |''Voodoo'' | |Short film |- |2010 |''Senhor X'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Redenção'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''O Legado do Pai'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Casa c/ Piscina'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Zoo'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Barcelona, Neutral City'' |Pedro |TV Series |- |2011 |''Tejo'' |Inspector |Short film |- |2011 |''A Primeira Ceia'' |António |Short film |- |2012 |''Imagine'' |Stranger |Film |- |2012 |''Pháon'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''A Ceia'' |Paulo |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:The_Invisible_Life|The Invisible Life]]'' |Hugo |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:The_Time_in_Between_(TV_series)|The Time in Between]]'' |Da Silva |TV Series |- |2014 |''O Pesadelo de João'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:Belmonte_(TV_series)|Belmonte]]'' |João Belmonte |TV Series |- |2015 |''Dinis e Isabel'' |D. Dinis |Short film |- |2015 |''Cinzento e Negro'' |Lucas Oliveira e Silva |Film |- |2015 |''O Assalto'' |Assaltante |Short film |- |2015 |''Tales from the Circus'' |Pepe |Short film |- |2016 |''Terapia'' |Jorge Velez |TV Series |- |2016 |''Histórias de Alice'' |Olavo |Film |- |2016 |''The Death of Louis XIV'' |Noble |Film |- |2016 |''Os Boys'' |César |TV Series |- |2017 |''Traça: Mar Deserto'' | |Short film |- |2018 |''El accidente'' |Paul Bresson |TV Series |- |2018 |''[[:en:La_otra_mirada|La otra mirada]]'' |Vanildo "Nildo" Zacarías de Azevedo |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Matadero|Matadero]]'' |Vasco |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Variações_(film)|Variações]]'' |Fernando Ataíde |Film |- |2020 |''Mosquito'' |Tenente do Posto |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Amor_de_Mãe|Amor de Mãe]]'' |Gabo |TV Series |- |2020 |''Nothing Ever Happened'' |Jorge |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tk2bk6dei7e3gwnrm7rrpu0yablzd3j 0 9587 80693 80594 2021-11-22T03:44:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Santos''' (yavutse ku ya 31 Mutarama 1972), ni umukinnyi wa filimi n'umwanditsi wa [[Porutigali|Porutugali]].<ref>https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Eric-Santos/nm2085703/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Scoundrel'', ''The Compass'', ''Jikulumessu'' na ''Kaminey'' <ref>https://www.idolbirthdays.net/eric-santos</ref>. == Umwuga == Santos yatangiye umwuga we mu 1996 akoresheje filimi ''Praça da Alegria''<ref>https://fmetijucas.sc.gov.br/membros/5e2f3628ecf0df4123074f7f/eric-santana-dos-santos</ref> . Kuva icyo gihe yagiye mu ikinamico, filime, urukurikirane, muri [[Angola]] no mu [[Porutigali|Giportigale]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2085703/</ref><ref>https://www.melhoresfilmes.com.br/actors/eric-santos</ref>. Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa 'Cast 39', Ikigo gishinzwe impano gikorera muri [[Porutugali]].<ref>https://www.celebsagewiki.com/erik-santos</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/227638-eric-santos</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |1998 |''Terra Mãe'' |Cliente do Periscópio |- |1998 |''Os Lobos'' |Pereira |- |1999 |''Le portrait'' |Eusébio |- |2001 |''Super Pai'' |Police Officer |- |2001 |''Bastidores'' |Raúl |- |2001 |''Nunca Digas Adeus'' |Sérgio |- |2002 |''Fábrica de Anedotas'' |Delegado |- |2002 |''Sociedade Anónima'' |Teacher |- |2002 |''Bons Vizinhos'' |Tomás |- |2002 |''A Jóia de África'' |Domingos Ferreira |- |2003 |''I'm Staying!'' |Gilberto Garrincha |- |2003 |''Crimes en série'' |Barman |- |2004 |''Uma Aventura'' |Edgar |- |2005 |''Two Drifters'' |Álvaro Costa |- |2005 |''Inspector Max'' |Simão |- |2006 |''O Bando dos Quatro'' |Mário |- |2007 |''O Quinto Poder'' |Carlos |- |2008 |''Casos da Vida'' |Francisco |- |2008 |''A Outra'' |Jair Santos |- |2008 |''The Compass'' |Eric |- |2009 |''Scoundrel'' |Ragos |- |2009 |''Sentimentos'' |Vilela |- |2009 |''Acabou: Até te Esquecer'' |Eric Santos |- |2010 |''Meu Amor'' |Inspector Matias |- |2010 |''Regresso a Sizalinda'' |Rolha |- |2010 |''Disquiet'' |Homem Negro no Bar |- |2010 |''Quero Ser Uma Estrela'' |António Jorge |- |2011 |''Voo Directo'' |Médico |- |2011 |''Morangos com Açúcar'' |Sérgio |- |2012 |''Windeck'' |Wilson Voss |- |2012 |''Jorge'' |Ambrósio |- |2013 |''Dancin' Days'' | |- |2013 |''The Thorn of the Rose'' |Alberto Lunga |- |2013 |''Sol de Inverno'' |Raul |- |2014 |''Jikulumessu'' |Ivo Kapala |- |2014 |''I Love It'' |Arnaldo |- |2015 |''A Única Mulher'' |Américo |- |2015 |''Une famille formidable'' |Ambassadeur |- |2016 |''Coração d'Ouro'' |Médico |- |2016 |''Poderosas'' |Cúmplice José Maria |- |2016 |''L'Araignée Rouge'' | |- |2017 |''Sim, Chef!'' |Bruno Falcão |- |2018 |''Querida Preciosa'' |Papoite |- |2018 |''Jogo Duplo'' |Zé Lenka |- |2018 |''Alma e Coração'' |Saraiva |- |2019 |''Valor da Vida'' |Enfermeiro |- |2019 |''Golpe de Sorte'' |Francisco |- |2019 |''South'' |Segurança Pastor |- |2020 |''Na Corda Bamba'' |Padre |- |2020 |''Ai a minha vida'' | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rmwhehr4xv8z9rvx0pib3jvcci28ne7 0 9588 80692 80595 2021-11-22T03:33:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carlos Paulo Simões''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1951), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Angola]] akaba n'umwanditsi<ref>https://auracollectionhk.com/b94d07-episodes?season=-1_name/nm0667242?ref_=tt_cl_i_8</ref><ref>https://billiongraves.com/grave/Jo%C3%A3o-Carlos-De-Oliveira/33939065</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Operation Autumn'', ''Konseye wa Bordeaux'' na ''Cacau da Ribeira''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1884380/characters/nm0667242</ref> <ref>https://leopardofilmes.com/en/film/operation-autumn?category=video&product=137</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/carlos-paulo</ref><ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/artist/carlos-paulo</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1968 |''A Chave'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1969 |''Uma Mulher Formidável'' |João |TV Movie |- |1969 |''Zip Zip'' |Actor |TV Series |- |1969 |''Transmissão Interrompida'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1969 |''Caixa de Pandora'' |Arlequim |TV Movie |- |1969 |''As Deambulações do Mensageiro Alado'' |Winged Messenger |Film |- |1970 |''Música no Andar de Cima'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1974 |''Entremês Famoso Sobre da Pesca no Rio Minho'' |Actor |Film |- |1980 |''Cerromaior'' |Adriano |Film |- |1980 |''O Dragão'' |Burgomestre |TV Movie |- |1983 |''Allegro'' |Various Roles |TV Series |- |1984 |''O Chapéu Mágico'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1985 |''Fui de Visita à Minha Tia a Marrocos'' |Saltarico Formiguito |TV Series |- |1985 |''O Vestido Cor de Fogo'' |Director |Film |- |1985 |''Morte D'Homem'' |Silvino |TV Movie |- |1985 |''Duarte & C.a'' |Actor |TV Series |- |1985 |''Bão'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1985 |''Amadis'' |Amadis |TV Movie |- |1986 |''Crónicas de Bem Dizer'' |Actor |TV Series |- |1986 |''Ora Agora Conto Eu...'' |Storyteller |TV Series |- |1986 |''Carnaval infernal'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1986 |''A Quinta do Dois'' |Narrator |TV Series |- |1987 |''Victor ou As Crianças no Poder'' |Victor |TV Movie |- |1987 |''Os Cozinheros de Oz'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1987 |''A Borboleta na Gaiola'' |Albano |TV Movie |- |1987 |''Concordo... Ou Talvez Não'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1988 |''Cacau da Ribeira'' |Cigano, writer |TV Mini-Series |- |1988 |''Cárie e Bactério'' |Bactério |TV Movie |- |1989 |''Lugar de Encontro'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1989 |''Socorro, Sou uma Mulher de Sucesso'' |Writer |TV Movie |- |1990 |''Cartas de Humor'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1991 |''O Mandarim'' |Narrator |TV Mini-Series |- |1992 |''A Esfera de Ki'' |Actor |TV Series |- |1992 |''Os Contos do Mocho Sábio'' |Marco Polo |TV Series |- |1993 |''Apresentação Canal 4: TVI'' |Pai |TV Movie |- |1993 |''E o Resto é Conversa'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1993 |''Terra Instável'' |Aurélio Gouveia |TV Series |- |1993 |''Ora Bolas Marina'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1994 |''Uma Vida Normal'' |Police Officer |Film |- |1994 |''Ideias Com História'' |Gil Vicente / Chou-en-Lai |TV Series |- |1995 |''Grande Plano'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1995 |''Cabaret'' |Various Roles, writer |TV Series |- |1996 |''Festival RTP da Canção'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1996 |''Marina Dona Revista'' |Writer |TV Series |- |1996 |''Todos ao Palco'' |Various Roles, writer |TV Series |- |1996 |''Sim, Sr. Ministro'' |Bernardo Olivença |TV Series |- |1996 |''Saudades do Futuro'' |Various Roles, writer |TV Movie |- |1996 |''Marlowe: O Crime das Vacas Loucas'' |Boss / Porao da Nau / Landeiro |TV Movie |- |1997 |''Festival RTP da Canção'' |Actor, writer |TV Movie |- |1997 |''Polícias'' |Álvaro |TV Series |- |1997 |''O Fusível'' |Actor |TV Movie |- |1997 |''As Lições do Tonecas'' |Actor |TV Series |- |1998 |''Festival RTP da Canção'' |Actor, writer |TV Movie |- |1998 |''Paris Hotel'' |Paillardin |TV Movie |- |2000 |''A Importância de Ser Constante'' |John |TV Movie |- |2000 |''Festival RTP da Canção 2000'' |Actor, writer |TV Movie |- |2001 |''Sabado à Noite'' |Writer |TV Series |- |2001 |''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'' |voice |Video game |- |2002 |''Gala 45 Anos RTP'' |Actor: Various role, writer |TV Movie |- |2007 |''A Casa da Lenha'' |Fernando Lopes Graça |TV Movie |- |2010 |''Assalto ao Santa Maria'' |Henrique Galvão |Film |- |2011 |''Quadrado de Amor Bizarro'' |Encenador |Short film |- |2011 |''The Consul of Bordeaux'' |Chaim Kruger |Film |- |2012 |''Balas & Bolinhos: O Último Capítulo'' |Tito |Film |- |2012 |''Operation Autumn'' |Adolfo Ayala |Film |- |2013 |''Estranhamento'' |Recepcionista |Short film |- |2017 |''As Árvores Morrem de Pé'' |Maurício |TV Movie |- |2019 |''Como Se Fosse O Último'' |Homem do Fato Príncipe de Gales |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] d7ux1gwg54nl93cvsola19skc9p0lq9 0 9589 80691 80596 2021-11-22T03:19:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ciomara Otoniela Morais''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Werurwe 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri [[Porutigali]] [[Angola|wavukiye muri Angola]] ufite inkomoko ya Macanese<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2383511/</ref>. Morais azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Querida Preciosa'', ''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' and ''A Ilha dos Cães''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7944336/</ref><ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/265475-ciomara-morais</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 14 Werurwe 1984 i Benguela, muri [[Angola]].<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.ciomara-morais.31217.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakinnye bwa mbere muri filimi ya ''Morangos com Açúcar'' . Muri uruhererekane, uruhare rwe nka 'Salomé' rwamenyekanye cyane kandi yakiriye imirimo myinshi mumyaka iri imbere kuri tereviziyo<ref>https://dioguinho.com/ve-como-esta-a-salome-dos-morangos-com-acucar/</ref>. Bamwe muribo barimo, uruhare 'Leonor' muri ''Diário de Sofia'', uruhare 'Masara' muri ''Equador'' hanyuma muri ''Makamba Hotel''<ref>https://fotospessoaismca.blogs.sapo.pt/6270.html</ref> . Hagati aho, yimukiye mu ikinamico akina umukino wa mbere ''A Balada da Margem Sul'' iyobowe na Hélder Costa<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.ciomara-morais.31217.html</ref>. Yakoze sinema ye ya mbere muri firime ya 2009 ''The Abused'' afite uruhare ruto. Uruhare rwe rwa mbere muri cinema rwanyuze muri 2011 rwamamaye cyane ''All Is Well'' with the role 'Leonor<ref>https://www.filmstarts.de/personen/638008/bilder/detail/?cmediafile=21152697</ref>'. Yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga (FCAK), [[Maroke|Maroc]] na The Carthage Film Festival, [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] mu mwaka wa 2012 kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' <ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/ciomara-morais/31217</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza y’igiportigale mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ryigenga rya IndieLisboa.<ref>https://www.mgagentia.pt/ciomara-morais-bio</ref> Muri 2012, yerekanwe bwa mbere ''mubuyobozi no kwandika hamwe na firime ngufi Encontro com o Criador'' . Hagati aho, yanavuze kuri firime ya animasiyo 'Nayola'<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-fq2bc0/nayola/</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Morangos com Açúcar'' |Salomé |TV Series |- |2005 |''Diário de Sofia'' |Leonor |TV Series |- |2009 |''Equador'' |Masara |TV Mini-Series |- |2009 |''The Abused'' | |Film |- |2009 |''As Maltratadas'' | |Short film |- |2009 |''Makamba Hotel'' | |TV Series |- |2010 |''República de Abril'' |Leonor |TV Movie |- |2011 |''[[:en:All_Is_Well_(2011_film)|All Is Well]]'' |Leonor |Film |- |2011 |''Voo Directo'' |Rita |TV Series |- |2011 |''O Bar do Ti-Chico'' |Lola |TV Movie |- |2012 |''Com Um Pouco de Fé'' | |Film |- |2012 |''Liberdade 21'' |Jessica |TV Series |- |2012 |''O Grande Kilapy'' |Rapariga do Bar |Film |- |2012 |''Encontro com o Criador'' |Viúva |Short film |- |2013 |''Maternidade'' |Nené Cassamá |TV Series |- |2013 |''Camelia de Sangue'' |Abeona |Short film |- |2013 |''Alma'' |Mãe |Short film |- |2013 |''The Thorn of the Rose'' |Linette Oliveira |Film |- |2014 |''Água de Mar'' |Mãe de Silvio |TV Series |- |2015 |''O Quimbo Cuia'' |Odete |TV Series |- |2016 |''A Única Mulher'' | |TV Series |- |2016 |''Dentro'' |Iara |TV Series |- |2016 |''Um Dia'' |Sofia |Short film |- |2017 |''A Ilha dos Cães'' |Lena |Film |- |2017 |''Maison Afrochic'' |Neuza |TV Series |- |2018 |''Querida Preciosa'' |Preciosa |Film |- |TBD |''Já Te Disse Que Te Amo?'' |Sara |Short film |- |TBD |''Nayola'' |Rapariga |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 50h73lzrdcl252lap91cn9zxgewpwv0 0 9590 80948 80732 2021-11-30T07:25:32Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice CYIZA''', Ni Umuyobozi mukuru, W’Ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda, agenzura iterambere n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amategeko, ingamba na gahunda bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurwanya umwanda. Binyuze mu myanya itandukanye n'amahugurwa, yakusanyije ubunararibonye mu micungire y’ibidukikije.<ref>What would it take for Rwandan industries to adopt clean energy? | The New Times | Rwanda</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Mbere yo kwinjira muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije, yakoraga mu kigo cy’u Rwanda gishinzwe kubungabunga ubuhinzi nkumuhuzabikorwa w’ubuyobozi ushinzwe amasomo, kwagura no gukoresha ubushakashatsi.<ref>Beatrice Cyiza - IGC (theigc.org)</ref> Mbere yibyo, yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe igenzura n’ibidukikije mu kigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda (REMA) ndetse anakora nka Nagoya Protocol Focal point mu myaka irenga 7.Nkigihugu cyibanze kuri Protokole ya Nagoya, yayoboye imishinga itandukanye igamije kugenzura uburyo bwo kubona umutungo wa genetike ategura ingamba na gahunda zitandukanye.<ref>Béatrice Cyiza | InforMEA</ref><ref>Ms. Béatrice Cyiza (cbd.int)</ref> Mubushobozi bwe nk'umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura no gukurikirana ibidukikije; yakoze ibikorwa byo kugenzura ibidukikije kumishinga itandukanye ikorwa kandi akurikirana iyubahirizwa ry'amabwirizwa y’ibidukikije.<ref>Beatrice | IPBES secretariat</ref> == Imwe mu yindi mirimo == Ijambo Beatrice Cyiza yavuze mu izina rya Minisitiri Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya, Minisitiri w’ibidukikije mu Rwanda<ref name=":0">Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref> == == Ijambo ry'umunsi == Ijambo ryateguwe kugira ngo ritangwe mu nama ya mbere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw’ubumwe bw’isi yose ku bukungu bw’umuzingi no gukoresha neza umutungo (GACERE)<ref name=":0" /> == Abari mu nama == - Bwana Virginijus Sinkevičius, Komiseri ushinzwe Ibidukikije, Inyanja n’Uburobyi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi<ref>Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref> - Bwana Jocelyn Blériot, Inzego Nyobozi Nyobozi, Guverinoma & Imijyi, Fondasiyo ya Ellen MacArthur == Ijambo ryavuzwe == Ijambo rirambuye murarisanga hano. '''''"Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)"''''' <ref>Circularity: a breakthrough strategy to tackle biodiversity loss (unep.org)</ref> == Imiyoboro == tubsfaccbigi5psexwaol3y8oeymvnw 0 9591 80974 80631 2021-11-30T11:58:14Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavu n' amavuko == '''Hon. Umuhire Adrie''' (yavutse taliki 25.07.1977) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda, senateri watowe ahagarariye mu ntara y'amajyepfo. '''Umuhire''' afite Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu inyigisho z'iterambere. == Umwuga == Guhera mu Kwakira 2019 ,yabaye umusenateri na perezida wa komite ishinzwe imibereho myiza n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, iyi mirimo aracyayikomeje ('''Senator and the chairperson of the committee on Social Affairs and Human Rights from October 2019- ongoing),''' kuva mu mwaka wa 2006 kugera Ukwakira 2019 yakoze muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami ryigisha ubugeni cg ubuhanzi n'ubumenyi bw'imibereho '''(Assistant Lecturer at University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Science from 2006 up to October 2019),''' sibyo gusa kuko kuva 2011 kugera 2016 yabaye umwe mu bagize akanama k'abagore bashinzwe imibereho myiza mu murenge wa Ngoma mu akarere ka Huye, mu intara y' amagepfo ('''A member of National Women Council in Charge of Social Affairs in Ngoma Sector of Huye District /Southern Province: 2011- 2016'''), mu nama y'abasenateri yabaye kuwa 30 Werurwe 2021, umuyobozi wa sena '''Hon Adrie Umuhire''' yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwakozwe mu turere 12 muri 30, bugaragaza iterambere ry'ubumwe n'ubwiyunge ko bishoboka niba abaturage bose babishishikarijwe. == Amashakiro == <references /> https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Abasenateri-bavuze-ko-hari-ibikwiye-gukorwa-mu-kunoza-ireme-ryuburezi https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/03/senate-recommends-best-practices-in-unity-and-reconciliation-initiatives/ https://imvahonshya.co.rw/sena-yemeje-prof-lyambabaje-nkumuyobozi-mukuru-wa-kaminuza-yu-rwanda/ k0p7ec7o9p0qt59w6upyad8mkuj76gk 0 9592 80656 80654 2021-11-21T07:30:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thérèse Bishagara Kagoyire''' yavukiye mu Rwanda kuwa 25 Ukuboza 1952 yitabye imana kuwa Mbere tariki 08 Nyakanga 2019. Yari yaratorewe guhagararira Intara y’uburengeerazuba mu nteko ishingamategeko .Yari afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima (Molecular Biology Sciences). == IMIRIMO YAKOZE == Yayoboye itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri PNLS/CNLS HIV/AIDS Center mu 1995-1996, yabaye umuyobozi wa KHI ('''Kigali Health Institute muri 1996-2004'''); umwarimu udahoraho mu yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda (NUR) mu 1999-2003. Hagati ya 2008-2011 yabaye umuyobozi ku rwego rw’igihugu w’umuryango '''JHPIEGO /MCHIP''' ushamikiye kuri '''Johns Hopkins University (USAID'''), umujyanama mu bya tekiniki muri gahunda ya PSI mu 2005-2006. Mu 2006 kandi yabaye umujyanama mu bya tekiniki muri Save the Children-UK, aba Perezida wa Profemmes Twese -Hamwe na COCAFEM /Great Lakes (2007-2011). Yabaye mu nama y’ubutegetsi y’icyari ikigega gishinzwe gutera inkunga ibikorwa by’iterambere mu nzego z’ibanze cyaje guhinduka Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu nzego z’ibanze (LODA) mu 2007-2011. Yari umwe kandi mu bagize inama y’ubugetsi ya ASSETIF (Association d’Execution des travaux d’interet public) mu 2008-2011. Mu 2007-2011 yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK), yari umwe mu bashinze akaba no mu nama y’ubutegetsi ya FAWE Rwanda, kuva mu 1997. Kuva mu 2008-2011 kandi yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y’ubutegetsi ya White Ribbon Alliance igamije kurengera ubuzima bw’abagore n’abana. Kuva mu Ukwakira kugeza ubwo yitabaga Imana, Senateri Bishagara yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, Umutwe wa Sena, aho yari umwe mu bagize Komisiyo y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Ubutwererane n’Umutekano. Senateri Bishagara Kagoyire Therese yitabye Imana ku wa Mbere taliki ya 8 Nyakanga 2019, aguye mu bitaro bya John Hopkins biri muri Baltimore mu Mujyi wa Maryland muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho yivurizaga. == AMASHAKIRO == <references /> [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senator-kagoyire-farewell https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senator-kago] https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/senateri-bishagara-kagoyire-therese-yitabye-imana[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senator-kagoyire-farewell yire-farewell] https://teradignews.rw/senateri-bishagara-kagoyire-therese-witabye-imana-ni-muntu-ki/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_legislature_of_the_Rwandan_Senate ak5mp5s005un5ycu5he0gdnpxp1y5iz 0 9593 80655 2021-11-21T07:28:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[Draft:Thérèse Bishagara Kagoyire]] to [[Thérèse Bishagara Kagoyire]]: updated wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Thérèse Bishagara Kagoyire]] cy0601zrw8zqrq14amuxtwlxlk1a6gx 0 9594 80659 2021-11-21T09:09:34Z Endikuemmy 9914 Created page with "'''Bakundufite Christine''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki 29 Nzeri 1970, Afite ikiciro cya Gatatu cya kaminuza muri business ([https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwi64bfH_aj0AhWIjGgJHfbXCyIYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&ohost=www.google.com&cid=CAESQeD2ow57dhc24vyvnL6-X8tj1iLvEyYEMknR6YleFxISV8G5pDk3PG3m69J2rADHRlBbv3O_YGMJgJvIU-NIc1Bb&sig=AOD64_3jOT2P3l01vw7Yrb8-IBlalkPdRw&q&nis=1&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiU3a7H_aj0AhX4QfEDHU9FBCwQ0Qx6BAgCEAE Master of Business Ad..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bakundufite Christine''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki 29 Nzeri 1970, Afite ikiciro cya Gatatu cya kaminuza muri business ([https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwi64bfH_aj0AhWIjGgJHfbXCyIYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&ohost=www.google.com&cid=CAESQeD2ow57dhc24vyvnL6-X8tj1iLvEyYEMknR6YleFxISV8G5pDk3PG3m69J2rADHRlBbv3O_YGMJgJvIU-NIc1Bb&sig=AOD64_3jOT2P3l01vw7Yrb8-IBlalkPdRw&q&nis=1&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiU3a7H_aj0AhX4QfEDHU9FBCwQ0Qx6BAgCEAE Master of Business Administration]). Ubu ni umunyapolitiki akaba n'umuhanga mu by'[[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|ubukungu]] mu [[Rwanda]]. kuri ubu ni umudepite mu inteko ishingamategeko umutwe w'abadepite mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] mu intara y'[https://www.easternprovince.gov.rw/1 iburasirazuba]. Yatorewe kuba mu inteko ishingamategeko mu mwaka wa 2018, mbere yakoraga nk'uyobozi w'ikigo, umucungamari n'inzobere mu ibaruramari. == IMIRIMO YAKOZE == '''Bakundufite Christine''' yabaye umuyobozi w' urwunge rw' amashuri rwa '''Bumba''' kuva 2003-2005('''Headmistress at Groupe Scolaire Bumba'''), kuva 2005-2011 yabaye umucungamari muri OCIR-CAFE ( '''Accountant at OCIR – CAFÉ'''), 2011-2012 yakoraga mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry'ubuhinzi n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (NAEB) aho yari ashinzwe gutegura no gukurikirana ingengo y'imari ('''In charge of Budget at NAEB'''), 2012- 2018 yakomereje imirimo ye muri [https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=27 NAEB/price] ar'inzobere mu ibaruramari. Ubu ni umwe mu abagize inteko ishingamategeko y'u Rwanda, akaba n'uhagarariye abagore mu inteko ishingamategeko mu Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2018. == AMASHAKIRO == <references /> https://www.parliament.gov.rw/senate-2/senators-profiles/senators-profile-1 https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=27 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Bakundufite http://nec.gov.rw/uploads/media/URUTONDE_RW_ABADEPITE_BEMEJWE_KO_BATOWE_BURUNDU_MU_MATORA_YA_2018.pdf https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=331 pif0vljn893ajc1yvbqn4ibj0zt0moh 0 9595 80688 2021-11-22T00:33:31Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Sylvie Mpongera wikitext text/x-wiki Sylvie Mpongera<ref>http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2018/07/30/rucibigango-wakunze-guserukira-ishyaka-rye-mu-nteko-ntazagaragara-mu-ya-2018-2022/</ref> ni umuvudizi wungirije [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118 Mu ishyaka]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref> (PSR).<ref>https://muckrack.com/janvier-nshimyumukiza</ref> == Ubumenyi N'ubushobozi == [https://rbc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/result/RBC-MCCH-004%20Director%20Health%20Facilities%20Programs%20Unit%20v1.pdf Ni Umwigisha]<ref>https://rbc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/result/RBC-MCCH-004%20Director%20Health%20Facilities%20Programs%20Unit%20v1.pdf</ref> mu buzima bw'umubyeyi n'umwana, ubuzima rusange cyangwa Gutanga serivisi za Clinical, amateka muri rusange ubuvuzi cyangwa urwego rwo hejuru mu buforomo, hamwe n'imyaka 5 y'uburambe ku bumenyi mu buzima bw'ababyeyi. == References == hfbsz3uxh3de5d4j8cfglf3px1mjil4 0 9596 80697 80695 2021-11-22T07:21:36Z Ab shayeb 10383 /* Iyerekwa rihamye */ wikitext text/x-wiki umunyamategeko mpuzamahanga ni ikigo cy’amategeko cyujuje ubuziranenge muri UAE, Dubai. urugaga rw'amategeko rwubatswe n'abavoka beza ba UAE niyo mpamvu yitiriwe Umunyamategeko mpuzamahanga. == Iyerekwa rihamye == Abahanga bavuga ko ikigo cy’amategeko kizaba ikigo cy’amategeko cyiza i Dubai mu mezi 9 <ref>[https://www.lawyer.international/ law firm in Dubai] </ref> l6y799gvsai5fq574cazd0v2qa7c74q 0 9597 80761 80759 2021-11-25T07:48:44Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 /* IMIRIMO YE MURI POLITIKI Y'URWANDA */ wikitext text/x-wiki UWINGABE Solange ( wavutse ku wa 5 ukwakira 1970 ) ni umunyarwandakizi w umunyapolitiki .ni umuvugizi w ' imitwetwe ya polikiki yemewe mu [[Rwanda]] aho yatorewe uwo mwanya ku wa 25 werurwe 2021 ubwo inteko rusange y imitwe ya politiki yateranaga mu gushiraho abayobozi ba amanda yarikurikiye . UWINGABE yabanje gukora imirimo itandukanye aho yakoze mu bigo bitanga ubwishingizi mu Rwanda , mbere yo kuba umudepete mu nteko ishinga amategeko mu Rwanda . === IMIRIMO YE MURI POLITIKI Y'URWANDA === ltykx3z538jvpqfp3tspmv2rsyf17ch 0 9598 80973 80698 2021-11-30T10:54:44Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Nkulikiyinka''' (yavutse ku 1 Gashyantare 1965) mu [[:de:Christine_Nkulikiyinka|munjyi mukuru]]<ref>https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Nkulikiyinka</ref> w'u Rwanda ariwo Kigali. [https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?christine-nkulikiyinka Ni umudiporomete]<ref>https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?christine-nkulikiyinka</ref> w'u Rwanda ndetse ni n'umukozi wa leta. Ubu akaba [https://igihe.com/diaspora/article/ntihazagire-ubabeshya-ko-indege-ya-habyarimana-ariyo-ntandaro-ya-jenoside-amb ahagarariye u Rwanda]<ref>https://igihe.com/diaspora/article/ntihazagire-ubabeshya-ko-indege-ya-habyarimana-ariyo-ntandaro-ya-jenoside-amb</ref> mu burayi bw'amanjyaruguru. == Ubumenyi == Kuva 1985 yize ikidage mu mahanga arangije agaruka mu Rwanda, Kuva 1991 kugeza 2005 yakoraga muri [https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?christine-nkulikiyinka ambasande y'u Rwanda]<ref>https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/index.php?christine-nkulikiyinka</ref> mu Budage, Yatangiye akazi kubunjyanama n'umusezeguzi mu 2006, yakoze no muri Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'amahanga i Kigali, Yize muri kaminuza ya Ludwigshafen mu Binganye n;ubumenyi ngiro aho yaje kubona ni impamyabumenyi y'ubucuzi bwa mbukiranya imipaka. Akaba avuga indimi zingera kuri enye(4) arizo ikidage, icyongereza, ikinyarwanda n'igifaransa. == Ibikorwa y'akoze == Ambasaderi Christine Nkulikiyinka yateguye igikorwa Muza mahanga cyo kunamira [https://www.igihe.com/diaspora/article/abagoreka-amateka-y-u-rwanda-aho-bavugira-turahazi-natwe-tuhavugire-ukuri-amb abacu bazize Genocide yakorewa Abatutsi]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/diaspora/article/abagoreka-amateka-y-u-rwanda-aho-bavugira-turahazi-natwe-tuhavugire-ukuri-amb</ref> muri 1994 Cyabaye kakoreshejwe ikorana buhanga kubera icyorezo cya kovide-19. Yasobanuye ko kwibuka ari igikorwa gikomeye kandi gifite [https://www.igihe.com/diaspora/article/abagoreka-amateka-y-u-rwanda-aho-bavugira-turahazi-natwe-tuhavugire-ukuri-amb akamaro ku banyarwanda]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/diaspora/article/abagoreka-amateka-y-u-rwanda-aho-bavugira-turahazi-natwe-tuhavugire-ukuri-amb</ref> kandi gifite n'uburemere bikwiye kubahirizwa. == Ubuzima Bwite == Ambasaderi Christine Nkulikiyinka arubatse kandi afite abana babiri == Reba Aha == nkkymopmp5t0ey2jmbxjlgf3h4wvy5t 0 9599 80949 80699 2021-11-30T07:31:19Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki Hon Consolee Uwimana yahoze [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised perezida wa sena]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised</ref>. Uwimana ni rwiyemezamirimo akaba n'umunyamabanki wa [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505 bizobereyemo]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref> == Imirimo yakoze == Hon Consolee Uwimana [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised Yakoze ibushakashatsi]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/senate-summon-premier-over-living-conditions-historically-marginalised</ref> mu turere twose tw'u Rwanda uko tungana ari 30 atuzegurukamo ashaka imibare yabasigajwe inyuma na amateka ariko yasanze imubare ukiri hasi cyane, gusa ibibazo bahura nabyo aribyo byinshi. Muri ibyo bibazo basanze abana babo batanga kwishuri uko bikwiye. Hon Consolee yifatanyije na bagore bo mu karere ka Gakenke ku italiki ya 25/10/2014 wari umunsi mukuru wahariwe umugore wo mu cyaro, [https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Gakenke-Umuco-nyarwanda-wagaragajwe-nk-inzitizi-ituma-umugore-adatera-imbere umuco nyarwanda wagaragaye ko ubazitira]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umuco/ikinyarwanda/Gakenke-Umuco-nyarwanda-wagaragajwe-nk-inzitizi-ituma-umugore-adatera-imbere</ref> mu iterambere == Ibimwerekeyeho == Consolee Uwimana [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505 arubatse kandi afite abana batatu.]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref> == Reba aha == n6fkwg04p4hqbqw4n19squhkeo6r27y 0 9600 80704 80703 2021-11-22T17:32:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentine Uwamariya''' (wavutse ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1971) akora nka Minisitiri w’uburezi mu [[Rwanda]],<ref>https://www.un-ihe.org/news/alumna-dr-valentine-uwamariya-appointed-minister-education-rwanda</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/education-minister-back-parliament-over-ur-issues</ref> yashyizweho na Perezida w’u [[Rwanda]] muri Gashyantare 2020.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/uwamariya-vows-tackle-challenges-education-sector</ref> <ref name=":03">{{Cite news|title=Dr. Valentine UWAMARIYA {{!}} The Minister of Education|url=https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/about}}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Valentine Uwamariya yavutse ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1971 mu Murenge wa Shangi [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|mu Karere]] ka [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]]. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye muri Groupe Scolaire Sainte Famille, [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]]. Yakomeje amashuri ye kandi abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Chimie Organic yakuye muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]. <ref>https://thewaternetwork.com/member-8CG/valentine-uwamariya-KkbSFTAAtmX6xvYUQ2yxOw/home</ref>Mu 2005, Uwamariya yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Electrochemistry yakuye muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Nyuma yaho, 2007, yabonye buruse yo kwiga Porogaramu ya PhD muri UNESCO-IHE naho muri 2013 abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/V-Uwamariya-2054738259</ref> == Umwuga == Uwamariya yabaye umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe amahugurwa, iterambere ry’ibigo n’ubushakashatsi muri Rwanda Polytechnic iherutse gushingwa mbere gato yuko aba Minisitiri w’uburezi.<ref>https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/about</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] f46ae4upq0jyoc457qwy1zh4lw9v2ln 0 9601 82317 80705 2022-03-20T08:39:29Z Billinghurst 1835 rm unreliable source wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Nyatanyi''' (16 Nyakanga 1965 - 26 Nzeri 2011) yari impuguke mu by'ubukungu n’umunyapolitiki, yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, kuva mu Kwakira 2003 kugeza apfuye muri Nzeri 2011.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/umubyeyi-wa-nyakwigendera-christine-nyatanyi-yitabye-imana/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35350</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1965. Yize muri kaminuza nkuru y’ubukungu ya Kharkiv, i Kharkiv, muri [[Ikerene|Ukraine]], ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Economics mu 1987. Nyuma yize muri ''Odessa Institute of National Economy'', arangiza mu 1991 afite Masters mu bijyanye n’inganda . <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/christine-nyatanyi</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, Nyantanyi yakoranye na komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge (ICRC), muri "Department [[Goma|of Tracing", i Goma]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ni [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]]. Mu 1997, yagizwe umuyobozi ushinzwe umushinga mu nama ya ''Flemish ishinzwe impunzi'', ifite icyicaro i Buruseli mu [[Bubiligi]]. Mu Kwakira 2003, yagizwe Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Nzeri 2011. <ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/christine-nyatanyi-yasezeweho-kuri-uyu-wa-mbere.hmtl</ref> == Urupfu == Nyatanyi yapfuye ku ya 26 Nzeri 2011, mu bitaro bya kaminuza ya Saint-Luc, i Buruseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], nyuma yo kuvurwa igihe kirekire. Umurambo we usubira i [[Kigali]], yurira Brussels Airlines ku wa gatandatu, 1 Ukwakira 2011. <ref>https://www.paulkagame.com/president-kagame-mrs-kagame-pay-last-respects-to-hon-christine-nyatanyi/</ref> Nyuma yigihe kinini cyo kumusezeraho mu teko ishingamategeko na misa ya requiem kuri "Kiliziya Gatolika ya Regina Pacis" i Remera, mu nkengero za Kigali, umurambo we washyinguwe mu gihugu. Yasabiwe mu irimbi rya Rusororo i Kabuga, ku wa mbere, 3 Ukwakira 2011. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/NYAKWIGENDERA-NYATANYI-MARIE-CHRISTINE-YASEZEWEHO-MU-CYUBAHIRO</ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Ibihugu byunze ubumwe byahaye igihembo Christine Nyatanyi, mu 2008, mu rwego rwo kumushimira ibikorwa bye ndetse no kubazwa ibyo akora muri gahunda y'igihugu y'u [[Rwanda]] '''Ubudehe '''' . <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201110030213.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda-related lists]] 2sc3pq1socaux2o9osoco2o6oq9dya6 0 9602 80706 2021-11-22T17:52:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1017716156|Anita Asiimwe]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Asiimwe''' ni umunyamabanga [[Rwanda|wa Leta w’u Rwanda]] akaba n'inzobere mu Ubuzima rusange . <ref name="Ministry1">[http://www.moh.gov.rw/index.php?id=50 ''Brief Bio of Minister of State''] on the website of the Rwandan Ministry of Health</ref> Kuva mu Kwakira 2017, yabaye Umuhuzabikorwa w’igihugu muri gahunda y’iterambere ry’abana bato. <ref>[http://en.igihe.com/news/cabinet-appoints-new-officials-in-different.html ''Cabinet appoints new officials in different public institutions'']. Announcement on 5 October 2017 on en.igihe.com</ref> == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda-related lists]] kdmi66ruwjug8lyn8ilbha5i6i8rgvj 0 9603 80707 2021-11-22T18:01:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/999690182|Madeleine Ayinkamiye]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madeleine Ayinkamiye''' yari umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]]. Yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage mu 1964, bimugira minisitri wa mbere w'abayeho w'umugore mu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amatangazo-44/article/icyemezo-cy-umuhesha-w-inkiko-gitegeka-ayinkamiye-madeleine-gushyira-mu-bikorwa</ref> Ayinkamiye yakoraga mu biro bya minisitiri kuva ku ya 6 Mutarama 1964 kugeza ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 1965.<ref>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780822373568-001/pdf</ref> Niwe minisitiri w’umugore wenyine mu [[Rwanda]] hagati y’ubwigenge bw’u [[Rwanda]] mu 1962 na Mata 1992. <ref>https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/77392-pauline-shalom-beatrice-genocide-family-affair-butare.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] o1onn70et9yd0relyf14fjujpquesxo 0 9604 80708 2021-11-22T18:20:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053897293|Jeanne d'Arc Debonheur]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne d'Arc Debonheur''' ni umunyamategeko n'umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wabaye [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Minisitiri]] w’impunzi n’imicungire y’ibiza kuva ku ya 30 Kanama 2017.<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/de-bonheur-yasezeranye-ikiniga-muri-guverinoma</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavutse ku ya 19 Mata 1978, kandi yiga mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yo kwiga kaminuza. Mu 2012 yahawe impamyabumenyi ya masters ny nategeko muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>http://41.74.166.110/?p=about_the_minister</ref><ref name="Bio" /> == Umwuga == Debonheur yatangiye umwuga we mu 2008, akora nk'umwanditsi w'urukiko mu rukiko rw'ubucuruzi, rufite icyicaro i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] na Nyarugenge, akora muri urwo rwego kugeza mu 2011.<ref>http://ktpress.rw/2017/08/new-prime-minister-announces-cabinet/</ref> Kuva 2011 kugeza 2012 yakoraga nka Legal Drafter ndetse n'Umujyanama mu Mutwe w'Abadepite mu nteko ishingamategeko imitwe yombi . Mu gihe cy'amezi atatu, kuva muri Mutarama 2013 kugeza ku ya 23 Mata 2013, yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe amategeko muri "Rwanda Environmental Management Authority" (REMA).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171024100517/http://midimar.gov.rw/about-midimar/about-the-minister/</ref> Kuva ku ya 24 Mata 2013, Debonheur yabaye inzobere mu gutegura amategeko no kuba umujyanama mu by'amategeko muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza ku ya 29 Kanama 2017.<ref>http://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=10&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=123&cHash=5746d6145f2ccbe67a6fe47a002e2c29</ref> Ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, yarahiriye kuba Minisitiri w’u [[Rwanda]] ushinzwe imicungire y’ibiza n’impunzi.<ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/219033/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Jeanne d'Arc Debonheur ni umubyeyi wubatse ufite abana batatu. [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 98i4vvq2nr0q2d5xyifxxwiutzzf4qs 0 9605 80997 80913 2021-12-01T19:34:40Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Gukosora imyandikire wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aloisea Inyumba.png|thumb|'''Aloisea Inyumba''']] '''Aloisea Inyumba''' (28 Ukuboza 1964 - 6 Ukuboza 2012) yari [[Rwanda|umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda]], akaba yari Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango ndetse akaba umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa komisiyo y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130311012945/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/aloisea-inyumba-politician-who-played-a-key-role-in-the-rebuilding-of-rwanda-8527166.html</ref> Mu gihe yigaga ibijyanye n'imibereho n'imibereho myiza muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], yinjiye mu [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] . <ref>https://stringfixer.com/tr/Makerere_University</ref> Amagambo yo kumushyingura yatanzwe na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/kagame-leads-nation-in-eulogising-patriot-and-freedom-fighter-inyumba--1313738</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Aloisea Inyumba yavutse ku ya 28 Ukuboza 1964 muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], avuka ku babyeyi bavuka mu [[Rwanda]]. Yavutse nyuma y’impinduramatwara yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1959, aho hashyizweho Repubulika yiganjemo Abahutu benshi, no gutoteza [[abatutsi]] . [2] Mu gihe ababyeyi be bari bakibera mu [[Rwanda]], kandi mbere yuko avuka, se yiciwe mu bwicanyi bwakorewe abatutsi; nyina yaratorotse hamwe na barumuna be batanu maze umuryango uhungira mu mutekano wa [[Uganda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/60757</ref><ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2013/04/16/aloisea-inyumba-politician-who-played-a-key-role-in-the-rebuilding-of-rwanda/</ref> <ref name="Melvern" /> Inyumba yabayeho mu bwana bwe muri [[Uganda]], arangiza amashuri ye, hanyuma akomereza muri kaminuza ya Makerere i Kampala, abona impamyabumenyi mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage. Mu 1985, yabonanye bwa mbere na [[Paul Kagame]], undi wari impunzi iva mu [[Rwanda]] icyo gihe yari mu gisirikare cy’inyeshyamba cya [[Yoweri Museveni]] . [4] Nyuma y'umwaka umwe, Museveni yigaruriye igihugu maze azamura Kagame na mugenzi we wo mu [[Rwanda]] [[Fred Rwigema|Fred Rwigyema]] kuba abayobozi mu ngabo z’igihugu. [5] Kagame na Rwigema bafashe iyo myanya, ariko intego yabo nyamukuru kwari ukugaruka mu gihugu cyabo, kugira ngo borohereze impunzi nuko inyumba nawwe yemera kubafasha<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201212172587.html</ref>.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201212100133.html</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa FPR muri Nyakanga 1994, Inyumba yashyizwe muri guverinoma nshya y’inzibacyuho. yari iyobowe Perezida [[Pasteur Bizimungu]],. [8] Yari yashyizweho ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, <ref name="Melvern" /> atangira gahunda ikomeye yo kumvisha uruhare rwabo abagore mu kubaka Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://www.paulkagame.com/inyumba-was-a-very-good-cadre-unique-selfless-leader/</ref> <ref name="Melvern" /> Mu mwaka wa 2011, yongeye kugirwa inshingano yari yarahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango, uruhare yagize kugeza apfuye mu 2012.<ref>https://cco.ndu.edu/Media/Images/igphoto/2001470845/</ref> == Ubuzima bwa muntu n'urupfu == Inyumba yashakanye na Dr Richard Masozera, wahoze ari Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo gishinzwe indege za gisivili mu Rwanda (RCAA). Bombi batangiye gukundana igihe bombi bari abanyeshuri muri kaminuza ya Makerere i Kampala. <ref name="Rwirwahira" /> Babyaranye abana babiri, umukobwa n'umuhungu.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201212110100.html</ref> Inyumba yapfuye ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2012 iwe i Kigali. Yari arwaye kanseri yo mu muhogo, kandi yari aherutse gusubira mu rugo nyuma yo kwivuriza mu Budage. Inyumba yahawe imihango yo gushyingura leta mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda]] i Kigali kandi amagambo ye yatanzwe na perezida w’igihugu, [[Paul Kagame]] . <ref name="LastRespects" /> Kagame yamusobanuriye ko ari umuyobozi utitanga "wari umukandida mwiza kandi usobanutse neza". <ref name="LastRespects" /> Abandi batanze ibiganiro mu muhango wo gushyingura barimo Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’inama y’abaminisitiri Protais Musoni na visi guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], [[Monique Nsanzabaganwa]] . <ref name=":0" /><ref name="LastRespects" /> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 6ucy8ebe3vc9imgcl0mpks4ihecd1yf 0 9606 80710 2021-11-22T19:06:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1049198581|Fanfan Rwanyindo Kayirangwa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fanfan Rwanyindo Kayirangwa''' ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wabaye Minisitiri w’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017<ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/219033/</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Afite Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga, yabonye mu 1997, yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . Yagize kandi Impamyabumenyi ya amasters of Laws, mu 2010 muri Kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, mu Johannesburg, South Africa.<ref>http://judiciary.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Commercial_Courts/Commercial_Court_Newsletter.pdf</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere ya 2004, Rwanyindo Kayirangwa yakoraga mu bucuruzi bwa serivisi z'imari. Kuva mu 1998 kugeza 2004, yabaye umujyanama mu by'amategeko akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Banki y'Ubucuruzi y'u Rwanda, uyu munsi icuruza nka I&amp;amp;M Bank Rwanda Limited .<ref>http://rdgtyitr.blogspot.com/2019/07/fanfan-rwanyindo-kayirangwa.html</ref> Kuva 2004 kugeza 2017, yakoraga mu bucamanza bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2004, yagizwe umucamanza w'Ubutabera bw'Urukiko Rukuru rw'u [[Rwanda]]. Mu 2008 yimuriwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi. Yagizwe Visi-Perezida w'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi mu [[Rwanda]] mu Kwakira 2013.<ref>https://academicinfluence.com/schools/national-university-rwanda</ref> Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Fanfan Rwanyindo Kayirangwa yagizwe minisitiri mushya w’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo, asimbuye [[Judith Uwizeye]], wabaye Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida.<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref> <ref>https://www.mifotra.gov.rw/news-detail/minisitiri-rwanyindo-kayirangwa-fanfan-yitabiriye-gahunda-yumujyanama-mu-baturage-mu-karere-ka-ngoma</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 1o00vf17rum3vnq12pu9bosor90rlne 0 9607 80711 2021-11-22T19:11:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1048186110|Solina Nyirahabimana]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Solina Nyirahabimana.jpg|thumb|'''Solina Nyirahabimana''']] '''Solina Nyirahabimana''' ni umudipolomate w’umunyarwanda akaba n'umunyapolitiki wabaye Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]] kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref><ref>http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-President-Kagame-reshuffles-Cabinet/4552908-4812854-orqx6p/index.html</ref> Muri 2020, yagizwe Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Itegeko Nshinga n’amategeko. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/02/president-kagame-makes-major-cabinet-shakeup/</ref> Nyirahabimana yabaye Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]], mbere yuko ahamagarwa mu 2013. <ref>https://greatlakesvoice.com/rwanda-recalled-ambassador-to-burundi-reported-missing/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] or1c6aoohp8jjc03pqm6oqf5olaon6y 0 9608 80712 2021-11-22T19:17:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1036465520|Pauline Nyiramasuhuko]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pauline Nyiramasuhuko''' (yavutse ku ya 1 Mata 1946) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wari Minisitiri w’imibereho myiza y’umuryango no guteza imbere abagore. Yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba yarashishikarije ingabo n’abasirikare gufata ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994. Yaburanishijwe muri jenoside no gushishikariza gufata ku ngufu i "[[Butare]] " mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda (ICTR) i Arusha, muri Tanzaniya. Muri Kamena 2011, yahamijwe ibyaha birindwi akatirwa gufungwa burundu. Nyiramasuhuko ni we mugore wa mbere wahamwe n'icyaha cya jenoside na ICTR, <ref>Baldauf, Scott ( 24 June 2011). </ref> n'umugore wa mbere wahamwe n'icyaha cyo gufata ku ngufu . [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] sr7eww8cgyojbw6gc4tw30xcoatij1c 0 9609 80717 80714 2021-11-23T04:29:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 Edited article wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Odette Nyiramilimo 2017-06-08 (34586400124) (cropped01).jpg|thumb|'''Odette Nyiramilimo''']] '''Odette Nyiramilimo''' (yavutse 1956) ni [[Rwanda]] umuganga na Senateri. Yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri guverinoma ya [[Paul Kagame]] kuva muri Werurwe 2000 kugeza Ukwakira 2003<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/survivors-rusesabagina-was-no-hero-hotel-rwanda-film--1934890</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Nyiramilimo, yavukiye i Kinunu, [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|perefegitura ya Gisenyi]] mu 1956. ni uwacumi na karindwi mubana ba se cumi n'umunani, yabyawe numugore we wa kabiri.<ref>https://www.bikeforafrica.be/rwanda-2020</ref> == Uburezi == Yarangije kaminuza mu 1981 ari umuganga wubuvuzi muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y rwanda]] [[Butare]]<ref name=":0">https://newrepublic.com/article/61875/q-odette-nyiramilimo</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Ku myaka itatu, abantu benshi bo mu muryango we baguye mu ntambara yo gushaka ubutegetsi nyuma y'ubwigenge. Nyuma yubwana bwabaye, burimo no kwirukanwa mwishuri kuko yari umututsi<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/odette-nyiramilimo</ref>, Nyuma yaje gushyingiranwa na Jean-Baptiste Gasasira, na we wari umuganga, maze nyuma baza gushinga ubuvuzi bwihariye bwo kubyara no kuvura abana i [[Kigali]] buzwi nka ''Le Bon Samaritain'' (" Umusamariya Mwiza ")<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Clinique-Leave-Bon-Samartain-Gasasira-Hospital-29690/</ref> . Nyiramilimo yari umwe mu banyarwanda bagera ku 1.000 bahungiye muri Hotel des Mille Collines mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu 1994 <ref name=":0" /> . Amateka yubuzima bwe yanditswe muburebure mu gitabo cya Philip Gourevitch ''Turashaka kukumenyesha ko Ejo tuzicwa na Familie yacu''<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/africa/survivors-rusesabagina-was-no-hero-as-shown-in-hotel-rwanda-film-2716004</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] qfio59ql8usdvo7s84xwsik1s4jnj41 0 9610 80715 2021-11-23T02:24:03Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Hon Fatou Harerimana wikitext text/x-wiki Hon Fatou Harerimana ni [http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=37&art=Musanze:%20Abagore%20bahawe%20intebe%20aho%20.html Visi perezida]<ref>http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=37&art=Musanze:%20Abagore%20bahawe%20intebe%20aho%20.html</ref> w'inteko ishinga amategeko Umutwe wa Sena, kandi Hon Fatou Hareriman yaje gutorerwa kuyobora kuba [http://pdi-rwanda.org/1/2021/10/01/hon-harerimana-fatou-yatorewe-kuba-umuvugizi-w-ihuriro-ryigihugu-nyunguranabitekerezo-ryimitwe-ya-politiki/ Umuvugizi w'ihuriro rw'igihugu]<ref>http://pdi-rwanda.org/1/2021/10/01/hon-harerimana-fatou-yatorewe-kuba-umuvugizi-w-ihuriro-ryigihugu-nyunguranabitekerezo-ryimitwe-ya-politiki/</ref> Nyugurabitekerezo ry'imitwe ya politike. == Imirimo ya koze == Taliki 19 Mutarama 2018 [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abagore-bahawe-intebe-aho-kuyicaraho-bayihagararaho-senateri-harerimana-fatou yatangije ukukaguramba]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abagore-bahawe-intebe-aho-kuyicaraho-bayihagararaho-senateri-harerimana-fatou</ref> ku bahohotera abagabo mu Karere Ka musanze, aho [http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=37&art=Musanze:%20Abagore%20bahawe%20intebe%20aho%20.html Senateri yavuze]<ref>http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=37&art=Musanze:%20Abagore%20bahawe%20intebe%20aho%20.html</ref> ko bidakwiye ko umugore ahohotera umugabo yitwaje ko yasubijwe agaciro. naho taliki 22 Mata 2017 yari Mu Karere Ka Huye mu murenge wa Karama aho ya giye [https://ar.umuseke.rw/hon-fatou-arasaba-abi-karama-kwiyubakira-urwibutso-ruhesha-agaciro-abahashyinguye.hmtl mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka]<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/hon-fatou-arasaba-abi-karama-kwiyubakira-urwibutso-ruhesha-agaciro-abahashyinguye.hmtl</ref> Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshoro 27 nibwo yibukije abatunge ko nabo ar'inshingano zabo kwiyukakira Urwibutso rwayo rukomeye. Nyuma yaho gato aho yaravuye mu karere ka Karongi taliki 27/08/2017 aho yaragiye [http://197.243.22.137/karongi/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=198&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=ddc5056645537c9075c02c5bcaf7bf13 gusobanurira abayobozi]<ref>http://197.243.22.137/karongi/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=198&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=ddc5056645537c9075c02c5bcaf7bf13</ref> b’Inzego zitandukanye, amahame Remezo Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yubakiyeho Hon Fatou niwe wa rubakuriye. [https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=14&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=e116d9d9472cb8638180f017252ffb62 Yagiye kwigisha]<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=14&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=e116d9d9472cb8638180f017252ffb62</ref> "Ndi Umunyarwanda" ku kigo cy’ishuri Intwari kiri mur Murenge wa Rwezamenyo kibutse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi niwe wari umuyobozi mukuru. == Raba Aha == 7luxjq3hhu384tkr9e3ne7kqxu1twlp 0 9611 80716 2021-11-23T03:28:27Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Hon Sen.Gertrude Kazarwa wikitext text/x-wiki Hon sen. Gertrude Kazarwa afite imyaka mirongo itanu ni rindwi(57) yubukure, ni [https://nec.gov.rw/index.php?id=35&L=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=196&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=9&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2014&cHash=79ccf28bb29279d575527ec64aa6e207 umunyapolitike wo mu Rwanda]<ref>https://nec.gov.rw/index.php?id=35&L=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=196&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=9&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2014&cHash=79ccf28bb29279d575527ec64aa6e207</ref> kandi ni umusenateri mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya kabiri ya sena y'u Rwanda. == Ibikirwa ya Koze == Yasuye yabanyeshuri bo muri [https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/ikoranabuhanga-mwiga-mwarikoresha-muhangana-n-abapfobya-jenoside-senateri Tumba College of Technology]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/ikoranabuhanga-mwiga-mwarikoresha-muhangana-n-abapfobya-jenoside-senateri</ref> aho yari yaje kwibutsa urubyiroka ruharererwa rwiga ikoranabunga ko rwabyaza umusaruro imbuga nkoranyambaga ntibahere mu makayi, ahubwo bagomba kurikoresha banahangana n’abapfobya Jenoside. [https://forumfp.org.rw/old/?KOMISIYO-YA-SENA-YA-POLITIKI-N Yagize uruzinduko]<ref>https://forumfp.org.rw/old/?KOMISIYO-YA-SENA-YA-POLITIKI-N</ref> yakoreye mu ihuriro, aho bareberagahamwe imiyoborere yashimye uko ihuriro rifata imitwe ya politike Kubahiriza amahame Remezo, Hon sen,Gertrude Kazarwa niwe waruyoboye iri huriro, taliki ya 15 Mutarama 2019 [http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=936&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=87ad006a526252a5b75566ac81680d46 yitabiriye Inama yari isanzwe y’igihembwe]<ref>http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=936&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=87ad006a526252a5b75566ac81680d46</ref> y’abagize inama njyanama y’Akarere, hanacyirwa indahiro y’umujyanama mushya uhagarariye umurenge wa Gahengeri Hon sen. Gertrude Kazarwa nawe yarayitabiriye, yaje kunyarukira ku karere ka Ngoma taliki ya 30 werurwe 219 aho yari yagiye [http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/index.php?id=39&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=443&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=5c46b8fac533cbabe04a80fdc6a62a71 kwifatanya n'urubyiruko]<ref>http://197.243.22.137/ngoma/index.php?id=39&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=443&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=5c46b8fac533cbabe04a80fdc6a62a71</ref> mu gikorwa cy'umuganda wasozaga ukwezi kwa Werurwe 2019 == Ubuzima Bwite == Hon sen. Gertrude Kazarwa ni umundamu w'imyaka 57 kandi arubatse afite n'abana. == Reba aha == ckf834ueptjeb76lzdgfsif6ncs46am 0 9612 83584 80718 2022-05-14T19:08:55Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francine Tumushime''', ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] ukora nka [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|minisitiri i]] w’ubutaka n’amashyamba (Minilaf), kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. Nyakubahwa Francine TUMUSHIME yagizwe Minisitiri w’ubutaka n’amashyamba kuva ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, afite inshingano zo kurengera, kubungabunga no guteza imbere ubutaka n’amashyamba. <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref><ref>https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/speaker/francine-tumushime/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Tumushime yayoboye ikigo gishinzzwe abakozi ba leta yu [[Rwanda]] guhera mu 2012<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/38452</ref>. Ing. Francine TUMUSHIME afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buyobozi bw’ubucuruzi, afite impamyabumenyi muri ' Project Management from Maastricht School of Managementt, mu [[Buholandi]]. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y’ubuhinzi mu buhinzi na "Diplôme de Candidature" mu bumenyi yakuye muri kaminuza nkuru y’Uburundi<ref>https://plex.page/Francine_Tumushime</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yo gushyirwa mu Nama y'Abaminisitiri, Eng. Francine TUMUSHIME yabaye Umuhuzabikorwa wa Banki y'Isi ishami rishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga imwe muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Yakoze kandi imyaka irenga nkumuhuzabikorwa wigihugu wumushinga uterwa inkunga na IFAD ushinzwe guteza imbere imishinga mito n'iciriritse yo mucyaro muri Minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2015/09/what-value-does-umuganda-bring-to-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Karongi-Akarere-kashimwe-ibikorwa-by-imihigo-ariko-gasabwa-kunoza-raporo</ref> Kuva mu 2012, kugeza muri Werurwe 2016, Hon. Francine Tumushime yabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iterambere ry’abaturage n’imibereho myiza muri minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze (Minaloc). Ubwo yavaga i Minaloc ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2016, yasimbuwe na Sheikh Hassa Bahame. <ref>https://intercontinentalcry.org/the-batwa-rwandas-invisible-people-19581/</ref><ref>http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/index.php?id=469&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=464</ref> Ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, yarahiriye kuba minisitiri w’abaminisitiri w’ubutaka n’amashyamba. Ubutaka n’amashyamba byakozwe muri minisiteri y’umutungo kamere, muri Kanama 2017, bituma minisiteri y’ibidukikije iba icyicaro cyayo kandi isenya minisiteri y’umutungo kamere. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Times_(Rwanda)</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 40qg4s3ywoxwg60ctlzvorbpqeln0sh 0 9613 80719 2021-11-23T04:46:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056019336|Winifrida Mpembyemungu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Winifrida Mpembyemungu''' (yavutse 1972) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] , ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131</ref>. Mpembyemungu yahoze ari umuyobozi wa karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] . Muri 2013 inzu ye yibasiwe n’ibisasu, bituma umwana yicwa abandi babiri barakomereka. Muri 2015 abantu batandatu bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, kubera ibi nibindi bitero bya FDLR iterwa inkunga. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186860 Six jailed for life over Musanze terror attacks], ''The New Times'', March 13, 2015.</ref> Muri Mata 2016, abagizi ba nabi bateye iwe nijoro, bituma umugabo araswa yicwa n'inzego z'umutekano. <ref>Jean d'Amour Mbonyinshuti, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/198812 One dead in foiled attack on Musanze ex-mayor's home], ''The New Times'', April 9, 2016. Accessed May 5, 2020.</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, Mpembyemungu yatsinze byimazeyo uwahoze ari Depite Marie Therese Murekatete kugira ngo abone itike y'abagore yo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|mu Rwanda Patriotic Front]] [[Akarere ka Musanze|mu karere ka Musanze]] . <ref>Daniel Sabiiti, [https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/06/rpf-primaries-current-mps-seek-reelection/ RPF Primaries: Current MPs Seek Re-election], ''KT Press'', June 9, 2018.</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nf3l12zsacc6jdz6pptlzceqw7rz8gj 0 9614 80720 2021-11-23T04:58:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/962172407|Béatrice Nirere]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Béatrice Nirere''' ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wahamwe n'icyaha cya jenoside kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Igihe yacirwaga urubanza mu 2009, yari umwe mu bagize umutwe w’abadepite mu Rwanda, [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe]] w’igihugu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/7396</ref><ref>https://frankensaurus.com/B%C3%A9atrice_Nirere</ref> == Ibyabaye == Mu 1993, Nirere yari guverineri wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri perefegitura ya Byumba. Muri uwo mwaka, yahunze ingabo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|z’u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR) yimukira mu nkengero za [[Kigali]] . Ababibonye bavuze ko mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]] yo mu 1994 Nirere yari umwe mu bari bagize umutwe [[Interahamwe|w’interahamwe]] zateguye ubwicanyi [[Abatutsi|bw’Abatutsi b’Abatutsi]], uruhare rwa Nirere hamwe n’interahamwe rwakomotse kuri politiki ye. Nirere yemeye ko yahaye abayoboke ba Interahamwe imyenda n'ibindi bikoresho, ariko ahakana ko atigeze akorana nabo. Yashinjwaga kandi gushyiraho no kugenzura bariyeri aho abatutsi bafungiwe mbere yuko bicwa.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2009-03-01-voa1-93027494/1265831.html</ref> <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/106136/politique/rwanda-lex-president-du-parlement-condamne-a-la-perpetuite-pour-genocide/</ref> Muri Nzeri 2008, Nirere yongeye gutorerwa kuba mu mutwe w'Abadepite nk'umunyamuryango wa FPR uri ku butegetsi. Nyuma y'amezi atanu ari umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko, yashinjwaga itsembabwoko maze aburanishwa mu rukiko rwa gacaca i Giporoso, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] . Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2009, Nirere yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside maze akatirwa gufungwa burundu . Ikibazo cyo gusimburwa kwa Nirere mu nteko kivugwa muri Gicurasi yakurikiyeho, kubera ko yari atarasimburwa na FPR. Umuvugizi w’iyo nzu, Rose Mukantabana, yazamuye iki kibazo kubera ko amategeko y’inteko ishinga amategeko arenze iminsi icumi. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2009-05-22/8585/</ref><ref>https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/21148-en-en-020309-rwandagacaca-gacaca-rpf-legislator-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-over-1994-genocide1195511955.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] f8nbbnqygpvnp6immfgr4xit9wj4ajb 0 9615 80721 2021-11-23T05:05:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/994107798|Julienne Uwacu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|home_townJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|religionJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|ethnicityJulienne Uwacu]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Julienne Uwacu''' ni umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], wabaye minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|w’abaminisitiri muri Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2015. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/186342/</ref> Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Julienne Uwacu yagumanye inshingano ze.<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], ahagana mu 1979.<ref>http://www.gov.rw/news_detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1103&cHash=27de951ba1c5e186734d539022afe7b7</ref> Umwuga we wa politiki watangiye mbere ya 2008, ubwo yakoraga nka Visi Meya w'Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Nyabihu /Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Nyabihu]], ushinzwe ubukungu n'iterambere. Mu 2008, yatorewe kuba [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Gashyantare 2015. Igihe yari mu nteko, yabaye "umuyobozi wungirije wa komite y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’ububanyi n’amahanga, ubutwererane n’umutekano"<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/julienne-uwacu</ref>.<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/1433218-2653096-158x7jy/index.html</ref> <ref name="In" /> Muri 2015, yigaruriye minisiteri ya siporo n’umuco mu Rwanda (Minispoc); umugore wa mbere wakoraga muri urwo rwego, asimbuye Joseph Habineza, wavanywe muri guverinoma.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ishimwe-rya-uwacu-julienne-wasimbuwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-minispoc</ref> <ref name="Min" /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda-related lists]] 5exa40krsue812vgpxkcckvs4x9nsgu 0 9616 80722 2021-11-23T05:11:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/992262913|Annoncée Manirarora]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annoncée Manirarora''' (yavutse tariki ya 30 Kamena, 1976) ni umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131</ref> Manirarora ni umunyamuryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] . Intara ye nintara [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|yuburengerazuba]] naho akarere ke ni akarere ka Ngororero . <ref name=":0">https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=378</ref> Manirarora yabanje gukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] kandi afite impamyabumenyi ya MS mu bushakashatsi no gukumira Jenoside. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/how-affordable-energy-can-boost-productivity-sme</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 91k4blc83n3xouiokhcp2udpjkcsvow 0 9617 80723 2021-11-23T05:21:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/975765779|Marie Claire Uwumuremyi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Claire Uwumuremyi''' (wavutse 1979) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuva mu 2018 yabaye umwe mu bagize Umutwe rw'Abadepite mu nteko ishingamategeko y' u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=425 Member details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]]. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> == Ubuzima == Mbere yo kuba umudepite, Marie Claire Uwumuremyi yakoraga kuri Biro y'Ubutaka, nk'umukozi ushinzwe ubutaka mu Karere akaba n'ushinzwe guha agaciro ubutaka mu Karere<ref>https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/default-title-12/hatangijwe-gahunda-zo-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-25-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994</ref>. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=425 Member details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]]. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Abagore (CNF) mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo . Ku munsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore bo mu cyaro 2011 yashishikarije abagore bo mu Murenge wa Tumba, mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], gukoresha amahirwe leta itanga, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwabo bafata inguzanyo. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35977 Huye women urged to embrace gov’t programmes], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', October 18, 2011. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2018 yabaye umudepite mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], Intara y'Amajyepfo, nk'uhagarariye abagore. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/189017</ref><ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=425 Member details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]]. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Mu Kwakira 2018, yitabiriye ibirori by’umunsi w’ibiribwa ku isi, ashyigikira gahunda ya Girinka ya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] (Inka imwe ku muryango ukennye). <ref>Jean de Dieu Nsabimana, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/girinka-programme-driving-rwandas-ambitious-target-zero-hunger Girinka programme driving Rwanda’s ambitious target of zero hunger], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', October 29, 2018. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Ukuboza 2019 yatorewe kuba muri Komite Nyobozi y’umutwe w’Abadepite bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Commonwealth (CWP). <ref>Emmanuel Ntirenganya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-chapter-commonwealth-women-mps-elect-new-committee Rwanda chapter of Commonwealth women MPs elect new committee], ''The New Times'', December 17, 2019. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Muri Kamena 2019, ubwo yavugaga mu muhango wo kwibuka wabereye mu Murenge wa Mukingo, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], yibukije abamuteze amatwi akamaro ko kwibuka [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda<ref>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3721&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=22b14d781b6cef50b2c7daa9e16a5096</ref>: == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 18r9ug2vy9cwi9q34ilwldpyuxdp74h 0 9618 80724 2021-11-23T05:33:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1042914490|Rose Mukantabana]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rose Mukantabana''' (wavutse ku ya 31 Kanama 1961) ni umunyamategeko uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore. Yahoze ari Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite mu Rwanda kandi ni we mugore wa mbere watorewe uwo mwanya. Yatorewe kuba umuyobozi w’umuryango w’inteko ishinga amategeko nyafurika kuva 2013-2015<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Ubuvugizi-Rose-Mukantabana-akorera-abagore-yabutangiriye-kuri-nyina-wamubyaye-Ubuhamya</ref>.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/uwahoze-ayobora-inteko-ishinga-amategeko-y-u-rwanda-yaje-mu-banyeshuri-b</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Rose Mukantabana yavutse ku ya 31 Kanama 1961 mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], Intara y'Amajyepfo, u Rwanda . Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye atangira gukora mu bakozi ba Leta mu 1980, <ref>http://www.rnanews.com/grandslacs-societe/656-parlement--qui-est-la-prdente-de-la-chambre-des-dt</ref> abanza muri Sosiyete y'u [[Rwanda]] ishinzwe ubwishingizi nyuma muri Minisiteri ishinzwe abakozi ba Leta. <ref name="Institute for Inclusive Security">https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/rose-mukantabana/</ref> Mu 1992, yinjiye muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] arangiza impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu 1996<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/school-girl-advocates-for-mother-against-abusive-father-becomes-parliamentary-speaker-womens-advocate/</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yatangiye gukorera Ishyirahamwe Haguruka, umuryango utegamiye kuri leta wibanda ku burenganzira bwa muntu n’uburenganzira bw’umugore n’abana. <ref name="bio">{{Template:Cite news}}</ref> Amaze imyaka icyenda muri iryo shyirahamwe, yatangiye kuba umufasha mu by'amategeko kandi akora kugeza ku muhuzabikorwa ushinzwe amategeko. Nyuma gusukura Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa y'Igihugu, <ref name="Parliamentary profile">http://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies/members-profile/chamber-of-deputies-members-profile/</ref> Mukantabana asubira kw'ishure. Yize mu [[Bubiligi]], yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse "impamyabumenyi yihariye mu burenganzira bwa muntu" <ref name="bio" /> yakuye muri Université Saint-Louis Bruxelles . <ref name="Institute for Inclusive Security" /> Mu 2002, yabaye visi perezida wa Pro-Femmes, umuryango w’amahoro wahuzaga ingufu za ONG 43 zigamije iterambere ry’umugore n’uburenganzira. Mu 2005, yatangiye gukora nk'umuhuzabikorwa w’igihugu w’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore uterwa inkunga na USAID maze mu 2007, yimukira muri ActionAid International [[Rwanda]], abanza kuba Umuhuzabikorwa w’Uburenganzira bw’umugore nyuma aba umuyobozi ushinzwe gahunda. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yatorewe kuba Umudepite uhagarariye [[Kigali|intara]] y’Umujyi wa Kigali. Ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2008, yatowe na bagenzi be badepite kugira ngo abere Perezida w’Umutwe w’abadepite mu Rwanda kugeza mu 2013 ku majwi 70 kuri 100 na . <ref name="bio" /> Amatora ye yamugize umugore wa mbere uyoboye inteko ishinga amategeko<ref>https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/socar122110a</ref>. <ref name="president of Deputies" /> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yatorewe kuba umuyobozi w’umuryango w’inteko ishinga amategeko nyafurika (APU) kugeza mu 2015. <ref>https://mshale.com/2015/03/31/women-progress-politics-glass-ceiling-remains-unbreakable/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] bxoxdycbyqlbwxocr3eunktc4fjt9wp 0 9619 80725 2021-11-23T05:41:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1009458953|Donatille Mukabalisa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Donatila_Mukabalisa,_December_2017_(5122)_(cropped2).jpg|thumb]] '''Donatille Mukabalisa''' (yavutse ku ya 30 Nyakanga 1960 i [[Nyamata]] ) ni umunyamategeko n'umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] , cyane cyane Perezida w'Umutwe w'Abadepite . Yatorewe kuba Perezida w’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u [[Rwanda]] mu 2013 nyuma y’amatora y’igihugu. <ref name=":0">https://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/donatille-mukabalisa</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Donatille Mukabalisa yavutse ku ya 30 Nyakanga 1960 i [[Nyamata]] . <ref>http://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=384</ref> Yigisha amategeko muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali . <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=9E6xCgAAQBAJ&q=Donatille+Mukabalisa&pg=PA155</ref> Yakoze mu ishyirahamwe ry’ubuzima ku isi arangije amasomo ye ndetse n’imyaka 16 muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere<ref>https://www.womenpoliticalleaders.org/speaker-2021/donatille-mukabalisa/</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] cpprdhuepvvjl3cfdlrx1smuoex689a 0 9620 80726 2021-11-23T10:49:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1032511920|Fred Kudjo Kuwornu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fred Kudjo Kuwornu''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971), ni Umutaliyani , umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Gana]],<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/african-film-18-ius-soli-fred-kuwornu/</ref> producer, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n'umwarimu ufite icyicaro i New York . <ref>https://www.filmatique.com/interviews-1/2018/fred-kudjo-kuwornu </ref> <ref>https://www.bu.edu/european/tag/fred-kudjo-kuwornu/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane nka ''Blaxploitalian Imyaka 100 Yirabura muri Sinema y'Ubutaliyani'', ''Imbere ya Buffalo'' na ''18 IUS SOLI'' . Inyandiko ze zivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko za politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, nk'ivanguramoko, umubano hagati y'amoko, ubudasa, Abanyafurika-Abataliyani ndetse n'irangamuntu ya Diaspora mu Butaliyani na diaspora ya Afurika ku isi. <ref>http://www.weloveitalian.org/kuwornu/</ref> Niwe mutaliyani wambere ukomoka muri Afrika abaye umuyobozi. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971 i Bologna mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] kwa se uva [[Gana]] na nyina w’umutaliyani. <ref name="fullbio">https://3005e193-e7bd-452d-a040-b74c42987c53.filesusr.com/ugd/6ef997_bf2d0bcabeec4f8f8ffe90c5203e7c74.pdf</ref> Se Perviss Kuwornu akomoka mu mudugudu wo mu karere ka Volta, muri [[Gana]], wageze mu Butaliyani mu 1965 yiga ubuvuzi. <ref name="dotherightfilms">https://www.dotherightfilms.nyc/bio-fred-kuwornu</ref> Se wize ibijyanye no kubaga umutima nubuvuzi rusange nyuma arangiza kaminuza. Nyina Alessandra Giacomelli ni Umuyahudi wo mu [[Butaliyani]] wo muri Bologna. Kuwornu yakuriye i Bologna, nyuma yimukira muri Gana, Ferrara, Roma. <ref name="nuoveradici">https://www.nuoveradici.world/articoli/the-incredible-story-of-fred-kuwornu-film-director-born-and-raised-in-italy-who-now-lives-in-america-and-looks-to-africa/</ref> == Umwuga == Amashuri yisumbuye mu Butaliyani no muri Amerika, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya siyanse ya politiki n'itangazamakuru, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bologna . Ku myaka 16, Fred Kuwornu atangira ubunararibonye bwe nk'umuvugizi wa Radio Estense, radiyo yo muri Ferrara, bityo anonosora ubuhanga bwe bwo guhanga hamwe n'ishyaka rye rya muzika, mu myaka intsinzi ya Rap n'inzu mu muco w'Ubutaliyani. Umwuga we nka DJ uzakomeza kumyaka 15 iri imbere kumaradiyo atandukanye, nka "Radio Bologna International", na "Radio Jam FM." Ku izina ry'irihimbano “Freddy Ajya mu nzu” akora nka producer wa label Mantra Vibes, amenya imbyino imwe yise “Ifirimbi” (1998) na “Sun Train” (1999). Azahagarika umwuga we wa radio igihe azaba yimukiye i Roma gukora muri sinema na TV<ref>http://www.iitaly.org/magazine/events/reports/article/18-ius-soli-addressing-citizenship-in-modern-day-italy</ref><ref>https://www.coloradocollege.edu/academics/faculty/faculty-by-department.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2002 |''Un papà quasi perfetto'' |Actor |TV Series |- |2003 |''Natale in Autogril'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Miracle at St. Anna'' |Production assistant, Actor: uncredited role |Short |- |2007 |''Virgin Territory'' |Stunts |Film |- |2008 |''Amatemi'' |Actor |Short |- |2008 |''Discovering the Buffalo'' |producer |Documentary |- |2010 |''Inside Buffalo'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''18 IUS SOLI'' |Director, executive producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Blaxploitalian 100 Years of Blackness in Italian Cinema'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2021 |''Mothers & Daughters: Stories of women from Latin America in Italy'' |Producer |Documentary short |} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] a02szk36y3lghudbelbydyn6r5nr3z9 0 9621 80727 2021-11-23T11:17:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053462424|Imen Nouel]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imen Nouel''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Mutarama 1985), rimwe na rimwe nka '''Imen Noël''', ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . <ref name=":0">http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/852519.html</ref> <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=852519.html</ref> Azwi cyane mubikorwa bya tereviziyo na sinema nka ''Krim Belkacem'', ''Rayes Korso'' na ''Kugeza ku mperuka''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9699887/</ref> . == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we nkumunyamideli Muri 2004, yatorewe kuba Miss Ubukerarugendo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Muri 2005, yatumiriwe gukina urukurikirane ruzwi cyane rwo gusetsa rwo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] ''Nass Mlah City 3'' <ref>https://www.tiespk.com/798d0d-ls095608208_name/nm9699887/</ref>. Hamwe na serial, yamenyekanye cyane kandi amenyekana nkumwe mubastari bazamuka bakina ikinamico uri [[Alijeriya]]. Muri 2009, yabaye umunyamuryango wa muzika ''Al saha'' <ref name=":0" />. Mu 2011, yinjiye mu [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] umuyoboro ' Nessma ' ari umwanditsi kuko gore kuvuga show ''Memnou Al Rjel'' (babujijwe Bagabo)<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=852519.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Nass Mlah City'' |Loubna Blanche Neige |TV Series |- |2010 |''The Last Passenger'' | |Short film |- |2012 |''Dumoo El Qalb'' | |TV Series |- |2014 |''Krim Belkacem'' |Tassaadit |Film |- |2017 |''Until the End of Time'' |Nassima |Film |- |2019 |''Rayes Korso'' |Ahlam / Afrah / Farah |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ephhg4t5auqibhtcan5anwx3v30mqya 0 9622 80728 2021-11-23T13:31:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/998612396|Idrissou Mora-Kpai]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Idrissou Mora-Kpai''' (yavutse 14 Nyakanga 1967), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] . <ref name="Ithaca">https://faculty.ithaca.edu/imorakpai/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane ''Indochina Traces of'' the Mother, ''Arlit The Second Paris'', na ''Si-Gueriki Umwamikazi Mama'' . <ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/idrissou-mora-kpai</ref> Niwe wahawe igihembo cy’igikomangoma cy’Ubuholandi kubera ibyo yagezeho mu buhanzi agamije guteza imbere imibereho myiza mu majyepfo y’isi. <ref name="official">[https://idrimora.com/about/ hthttps://idrimora.com/about/]</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1967 i Béroubouay, mu majyaruguru ya Bénin mu muryango w'aborozi . Se yari Mora-Kpai Sounon Dangnon naho nyina yari Bougnon Yarou Signangui. <ref>https://theafricainstitute.org/institute-program/idrissou-mora-kpai/</ref> Yarangije impamyabumenyi ya BA muri kaminuza ya Konrad Wolf Film ya Babelsberg, mu [[Budage]]. Yakoze kandi nk'umwarimu wasuye muri Kaminuza ya Cornell, Kaminuza ya Dukena kaminuza ya Pittsburgh . <ref name="official">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://idrimora.com/about/ "Idrissou Mora-Kpai bio"]. Idrissou Mora-Kpai official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kuri ubu aba muri [[Amerika]]. <ref name="filmuniversitaet">https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai</ref> Ni Assistant Professor mu ishami ryitangazamakuru ryubuhanzi, siyanse nubushakashatsi muri Ithaca College . == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 13, yimukiye i Cotonou maze yiga mu mashuri yisumbuye. Afite imyaka 19, yagiye muri [[Alijeriya]] hanyuma yimukira mu Butaliyani no mu Budage. Hanyuma yize muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru muri kaminuza yubuntu ya Berlin kuva 1988 kugeza 1993. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yize ibijyanye no gutunganya amashusho muri kaminuza ya Konrad Wolf Film kuva 1994 kugeza 1999. Muri iki gihe cya kaminuza, yakoze firime ebyiri ngufi, ''Transient'' na ''Fake Soldiers'' . <ref name="filmuniversitaet">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai "Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai"]. filmuniversitaet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu 1999, Idrissou yimukiye i Paris maze ashinga isosiyete ikora ibintu yitwa 'MKJ Films'. Hamwe n'inzu itunganya, yakoze documentaire ye ya mbere, ''Si-Gueriki'' mu 2002. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yitabirwa n’amahanga. <ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/399/</ref> Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime Rotterdam (IFFR), Sinema du Réel, Paris ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Copenhagen (CIFF). Nyuma film yaje guhabwa igihembo cyiza cya Documentaire muri Festival International du Film Francophone de Namur . <ref name="filmuniversitaet">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmuniversitaet.de/portrait/person/idrissou-mora-kpai "Prof. Idrissou Mora Kpai"]. filmuniversitaet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2019, yakoze film documentaire ''Amerika Street'' . Irasobanura urugamba rwa buri munsi rwumuryango nyafrica wabanyamerika i Charleston, muri Caroline yepfo nyuma yubwicanyi bwa Walter Scott 2015 . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwe mu birori byinshi bya firime. <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/idrissou-mora-kpai/</ref><ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2003129390</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1996 |''Transient'' |Director, producer, writer, editor |Short film |- |1999 |''Fake Soldiers'' |Director, writer |Documentary short |- |2002 |''Si-Gueriki, la reine-mère'' |Director |Documentary |- |2005 |'': The Second Paris'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2011 | |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2019 |''America Street'' |Director, producer, cinematographer |Documentary |} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] f8elx653ra6z19nhq55vd87gs05iymm 0 9623 80729 2021-11-23T13:44:56Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/995922350|Pantheon (film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Pantheon''''' ni filime ngufi y’igifaransa yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Ange-Régis Hounkpatin ikorwa na Myrina Mané kuri TS Productions. <ref>http://augohr.de/catalogue/pantheon</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo William Edimo mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Bass Dhem, Sophia Elisabeth na Hugo Marí. <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44780/pantheon</ref> Filime irazenguruka Saloman, umushoferi wa tagisi wimyaka 35 akaba umuhungu wumwimukira wa Bénin.<ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44780/pantheon</ref><ref>http://www.africine.org/film/pantheon/20114</ref> Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku ya 22 Kamena 2017 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Palm Springs, muri [[Amerika]]. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi ihitwamo kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika 2017, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Atlanta 2018 na Filmfest Dresden 2018<ref>http://www.africapt-festival.fr/films-2018/pantheon-de-ange-regis-hounkpatin/</ref>. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Bridging the Borders muri Palm Springs International Festival ya Filime ngufi 2017. Muri uwo mwaka, filime yakiriye icyubahiro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Kolkata. <ref>http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref><ref>https://www.fondation-jeanluclagardere.com/archives/2018/ange-regis_hounkpatin_a_realise_le_court_metrage_p</ref> == Abakinnyi == * William Edimo nka Saloman * Bass Dhem nka Elias * Sophia Elisabeth nkumukozi wa Melanie CIA * Hugo Marí nka Oba == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] c0phl630nujx6hycwj47z674p6il42g 0 9624 80730 2021-11-23T13:55:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/986682628|Ange-Régis Hounkpatin]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ange-Régis Hounkpatin''', ni Umufaransa - Umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Bene|Bénine]] akaba n'umwanditsi . <ref>https://www.unifrance.org/annuaires/personne/409195/ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira i Cotonou, muri [[Bene|Bénin]]. <ref name="augohr">http://augohr.de/catalogue/pantheon </ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, Hounkpatin yimukiye mu [[Bufaransa]] kwiga ubuvanganzo. Amaherezo yinjiye mu ishuri rya Femis rya sinema muri 2009. Yakoze filime ''Rêves de intare'' mu mwaka wa nyuma aza gutsindira igihembo cy'urubyiruko mu iserukiramuco rya Côté Court of Pantin mu 2014<ref>https://time-art.com/talent/ange-regis-hounkpatin.htm</ref>. Filime ye ''Cage'' yahisemo mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Champs-Élysées mu 2016. Mu mwaka wa 2015, yakoze filime ''Vindicte'' yafatiwe muri Bénin maze atoranywa mu iserukiramuco rya Devant Festival rya Paris mu 2016. <ref name="augohr">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://augohr.de/catalogue/pantheon "Panthéon: A Film by Ange-Régis Hounkpatin"]. augohr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Cinematografiya mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ryabereye i Toronto . <ref>https://matthewtoffolo.com/2018/07/20/interview-with-filmmaker-ange-regis-hounkpatin-vindicte/</ref><ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/409195/ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref> Muri 2017, yayoboye filime ye ya gatanu ngufi ''Pantheon'' . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi ihitamo kumugaragaro kugirango yerekane iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika 2017, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Atlanta 2018 na Filmfest Dresden 2018<ref>http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref>. Filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Bridging the Borders muri Palm Springs International Festival ya Filime ngufi 2017<ref>http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, filime yakiriye icyubahiro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Kolkata. <ref>http://tsproductions.fr/film/pantheon-ange-regis-hounkpatin</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2013 | ''Rêves de intare'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2015 | ''Vindicte'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2016 | ''Akazu'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2017 | ''Panthéon'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ax51rg60lm9sj19iimamovgdda335b8 0 9625 80733 2021-11-23T17:11:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1049255506|Ernest Napoleon]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Napoleon''', [[Uburusiya|numurusiya]] - umukinnyi wa firime [[Tanzaniya|muri Tanzania]] . <ref name="Mymip">https://www.my-mip.com/en/Contributors/9064800/Ernest-Napoleon</ref> <ref name="africanindy">https://www.africanindy.com/culture/african-film-stars-on-la-red-carpet-13322875</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Moscou mu [[Burusiya]] kuri se wo muri [[Tanzaniya]] na nyina [[Uburusiya|w'Uburusiya]]. Igihe yari afite imyaka 5, umuryango we wimukiye muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5275929/</ref> Amaze kuba i Dar es Salaam, muri [[Tanzaniya]] imyaka 14 na Los Angeles imyaka 8, kuri ubu yimukiye i Stockholm, muri [[Suwede]].<ref>http://www.scandinaviantalentsindia.com/ernest-napoleon/index.html</ref> == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 3, yakinnye bwa mbere mu ikinamico ya Noheri yise ''Umwaka mushya muri'' ''New Year's in the old Soviet Union''. Igihe yari muri [[Tanzaniya]], yakoraga kuri EATV<ref>https://thoselondonchicks.com/chicks-chat-with-ernest-napoleon-not-till-end-of-month/</ref>, televiziyo nini muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba icyo gihe. Yakinnye kandi nkumu DJ muri 'Club Billicanas', club izwi cyane muri [[Afrika]] aho yabaye umuhanzi ufata amajwi ya Bongo Flava, injyana yumuziki muri [[Afrika]] yuburasirazuba. Yakoreyeyo ku izina rya 'MC Napo'<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/the-beat/meet-the-brain-behind-going-bongo-2541686</ref>. Ernest akiri ingimbi, yimukiye i Los Angeles ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya mudasobwa. Hanyuma yize gukina no kwandika imyaka 7 akiri i Los Angeles. Abifashijwemo n'inshuti na bagenzi be, yakoze filime ye ya mbere ya ''Going Bongo'' <ref>https://justcelebritymag.com/2015/05/15/exclusive-interview-with-going-bongo-star-ernest-napoleon/</ref>. Iyi filime yatewe inkunga n'ubuzima bw'abaganga babaga mu Bwongereza, Dr Lewis Burger, <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/amp/my-man/article/2000183314/ernest-napoleon-the-bongo-magician</ref> aho Ernest yakinnye. <ref>https://goingbongo.tumblr.com/post/55008667419/actors-ernest-napoleon-as-dr-lewis-burger-and#.X52JGPjPzIU</ref> Filime ye ifatwa nka firime ya mbere mpuzamahanga yakozwe na Tanzaniya ndetse na film ya mbere yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba yemerwa na iTunes. <ref>http://thoselondonchicks.com/chicks-chat-with-ernest-napoleon-not-till-end-of-month/</ref> Muri 2017, yakoze film ''Kiumeni'' yafatiwe i Dar es Salaam. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma iza gutsindira ibihembo bibiri mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Zanzibar . Niwe washinze inzu itanga umusaruro, ''Enigma Pictures'' . Muri 2017, yagizwe perezida wa 'D Street Media Group', isosiyete mpuzamahanga ikora no gukwirakwiza. <ref>https://edaily.co.ke/entertainment/top-east-african-producer-joins-us-based-media-group-as-president-125394/enews/eworld/</ref> Yakoze kandi TV Series ''Mother City'' na firime ya gatatu ''Peponi'' . Muri icyo gihe, yafatanyije gukora filime yo mu [[Bwongereza]] ''Reka Ntamuntu Umenye'' izenguruka inkuru yukuri ivuga ku mugaragu w’umunyamerika. <ref>https://www.cine.com/actores/ernest-napoleon</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2015 |''Going Bongo'' |Executive producer, writer, actor: Dr.Lewis Burger |Film |- |2017 |''Kiumeni'' |Executive producer, writer, actor: Gue |Film |- |TBD |''Peponi'' |Producer, writer, actor: Dullah |Film |- |TBD |''Let No Man Know'' |Producer |Film |} == References == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] r6mwbn65u5qwjm3xll8rhkfwx5ketjq 0 9626 80734 2021-11-23T17:37:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1052354985|Pablo García Pérez de Lara]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pablo García Pérez de Lara''' (yavutse 29 Ukwakira, 1970), ni umunya Esipanye ukora ndetse akandika filimi . <ref>https://www.pablogarciaperezdelara.com/</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa documentaire nyafurika z''izwi cyane'' nka Tchindas. <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara/</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1970 i Barcelona, [[Esipanye|Espanye]] . Yize muri Centre d'Estudis Cinematogràfics de Catalunya (CECC).<ref>https://www.llenguadesignes.com/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1996, yatangiye gukina bwa mbere muri firime ''Fuente Álamo, Caress of Time nkimpano'' yumushinga watanzwe na Barcelona Alternativa festival. Yarangije filime muri 2001 hanyuma ahitamo muri SEMINCI muri Valladolid. Filime yari yatoranijwe kumugaragaro muri Karlovy Vary. Hanyuma muri 2007, yakoze firime ''Butterfly'' ikora igice cyemewe cya Karlovy Vary na San Sebastián.<ref>https://www.documentamadrid.com/en/films/camino-incierto</ref> <ref name="africanfilmny">https://africanfilmny.org/directors/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara/</ref> Muri 2015, yakoze documentaire yamamaye cyane ''Tchindas'' afatanya na Marc Serena . Yatoranijwe mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime kandi yegukana ibihembo 14 mpuzamahanga. Film nyuma yatsinze Outfest 's Grand Jury Award for Excellence mu sinema.<ref>https://pro.festivalscope.com/film/tchindas</ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2015/film/news/outfest-2015-winners-list-1201543695/</ref> Mu 2002, yakoze filime ngufi ''Alicia Portrayed'' yatoranijwe muri Cannes Festival's Critics 'Week 2003. Hagati aho, Pablo yakoze documentaire ebyiri ''Son de Galicia'' muri 2006 na ''Mura, un poble de cine'' muri 2010 kuri tereviziyo. Nyuma yaje gukora nka ''cinemateri wa'' documentaire Familystrip yamenyekanye cyane muri 2009. Muri 2011, yakoze documentaire ''Oblidant a Nonot'' . Yakiriye igihembo cya City of Alcalá muri Alcine 2011, ndetse nigihembo cyabateze amatwi muri l'Alternativa de Barcelona 2011 na Filime ngufi nziza mu rurimi rw'amarenga muri Cinemobile de Sevilla 2011. Noneho muri 2012, yabaye umukinnyi wa ''cinemateri wa film El efecto K. El montador de Stalin'' yerekanwe mumunsi mukuru 60 mpuzamahanga kwisi. <ref>http://catalanfilms.cat/es/profesionales/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref><ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/229763-pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1994 |''Plou sobre Alabama'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |1998 |''Por allí no pasan autobuses'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |1986 |''Alien Predator'' |Man in Store |Documentary |- |1999 |''El jardinero'' |Narco |Documentary |- |2001 |''Vos, que sos mi hermana'' |Cinematographer, editor |Documentary |- |2002 |''Fuente Álamo, la caricia del tiempo'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2003 |''Alicia retratada'' |Director, producer, writer, editor |Short film |- |2005 |''Mapuche nación que vuelve'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2007 |''Bolboreta, mariposa, papallona'' |Director, producer, writer, editor |Documentary |- |2009 |''Familystrip'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Oblidant a Nonot'' |Director, writer |Documentary short |- |2012 |''El efecto K. El montador de Stalin'' |Cinematographer |Film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Tchindas|Tchindas]]'' |Director, writer, cinematographer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bjxz2eqb1vfaq08uwbe1q1lp4j5o6hw 0 9627 80735 2021-11-23T17:55:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1023246015|Stefanos Pavlakis]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stefanos Pavlakis''' (yavutse 1974), ni umukinnyi n'umwanditsi wa filimi ukomoka mu [[Bugereki]]. <ref name="Stefanos">https://www.stefanos-pavlakis.com/person/</ref> <ref>https://www.behance.net/stefanospavlakis</ref> Yagize uruhare runini muri sinema ya Bénin akora documentaire zizwi cyane,''The Eye of the Beholder'', ''Studio Harmattan'' and ''Drive Through''<ref>https://www.beyondstorytelling.com/contributors-and-workshops/2016/10/5/stefanos-pavlakis</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Muri 2003, yarangije impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Film & Photography muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh Napier <ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Stefanos_Pavlakis</ref>. Hanyuma muri 2005, yarangije MFA nyuma aza kubona Ph.D. muri kaminuza ya Dundee, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design . <ref>https://kraft-des-zweifelns.de/de/1145-2/stefanos-pavlakis/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2009, yatangiye gukorana n’amasosiyete abiri akorera mu mujyi wa Berlin 'Expedere', 'Uruganda rw’Inkuru' maze akora documentaire ngufi, amatangazo n'ibikorwa byerekana. <ref>https://independent.academia.edu/StefanosPavlakis/CurriculumVitae</ref><ref>https://www.beyondstorytelling.com/contributors-and-workshops/2016/10/5/stefanos-pavlakis</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6716310/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2009 |''Backgrounds Up Front'' |Producer, editor |Short film |- |2014 |''The Eye of the Beholder'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |- |2015 |''Drive Through'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer, editor, actor, art director |Short film |- |2017 |''Studio Harmattan'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer, editor |Documentary short |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bv4cbm2ehedy4i4owdpv7hw2mkikjkg 0 9628 80855 80736 2021-11-27T12:11:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pablo César''' (yavutse 26 Gashyantare 1962) ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Arijantine]]. <ref>https://vimeo.com/pablocesar</ref> <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/pablo-cesar-1/</ref> Yagize uruhare muri sinema muri [[Afurika]] akora firime zizwi cyane ''Equinox, Ubusitani bwa Roza'', ''Los dioses de agua'' na ''Aphrodite,''mu bihugu bitandukanye bya [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://www.otroscines.com/nota?idnota=9873</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 26 Gashyantare 1962 i [[Buenos Aires]], muri [[Arijantine]] .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1078506/</ref> Ni umwarimu muri Fundación Universidad del Cine Buenos Aires kuva mu 1992. <ref name="filmlinkafrica">https://filmlinkafrica.com/listing/pablo-cesar/ </ref> == Umwuga == Ku myaka 6, César yatangiye gukora urwenya. Hanyuma afite imyaka 10, yanditse kandi asohora akanyamakuru ke ka mbere. Nyuma yaje kuyigurisha ku ishuri ribanza, Champagnat College. Mu 1975, musaza we José María, yamuhaye amashusho yakoresheje cyane. Hanyuma mu 1977, yanditse inyandiko akora firime ngufi. Hagati aho mu 1980, yahawe igihembo cya mbere mu cyiciro cya "Experimental" mu marushanwa ya Rosario Foto-Cine Ateneo kubera filime ye ngufi ''Del génesis'' . Filime ngufi kandi yavuzweho ibihembo byiza byo gutunganya no guhabwa igihembo cya gatatu (nta cyiciro) mubakora amafilime ya Círculo de Mar del Plata hamwe na UNCIPAR. Mu 1983, yakoze filime ''De las caras de los espejos'' maze filime yegukana igihembo cya mbere cya UNICA, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’amafirime yabatarabigize umwuga murii uwo mwaka. Azwiho kuba intangarugero mu gutunganya amafilime hagati y’ibihugu byinshi na [[Arijantine]] nka [[Tuniziya]], [[Mali]], [[Bene|Benin]], [[Angola]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Ubuhinde]] na [[Namibiya]].<ref>https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2017/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=145</ref> Mu 1991, yakoze filime yamamaye cyane yitwa ''Equinox, the Garden of the Roses'' hamwe na [[Tuniziya]]. Hanyuma mu 1996, yafatanije nu [[Buhinde]] gukora ''Unicorn,'' ''the Garden of the Fruits''. Mu 1998, yakoze firime ''Aphrodite,'' afatanya na [[Mali]].<ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.pablo-cesar.18272.html</ref> Yashyizwe kandi mu nama y'abacamanza mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime birimo, Amiens (Ubufaransa), Iserukiramuco rya Sinema rya Montreal (Kanada), Kelibia (Tuniziya), Huy (Ububiligi), Hyderabad (Ubuhinde), FESPACO (Burkina Faso), na Villa Carlos Paz. Mu mwaka wa 2012, yari mu ntumwa zajyanye na Perezida wa [[Arijantine]] Cristina Kirchner muri [[Angola]]. Nyuma y’amasezerano y’ubufatanye bw’umuco yashyizweho umukono na guverinoma zombi, César yayoboye filime ''The Water Gods'', ivugwa ko ari yo ya mbere yatunganijwe muri sinema hagati ya [[Arijantine]] na [[Angola]]. <ref>https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/espectaculos/5-35913-2015-06-27.html</ref> <ref>https://www.todaslascriticas.com.ar/pelicula/los-dioses-del-agua/critica/pablo-suarez</ref> Muri 2018, yayoboye film ''Pensando en él'' . <ref>https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/120916/a-tagore-we-never-knew.html</ref> Iyi filime ishingiye ku mubano uri hagati y’umusizi w’umuhinde watsindiye Nobel witwa Rabindranath Tagore n’umwanditsi wo muri [[Arijantine]], Victoria Ocampo, ubwo basuraga [[Buenos Aires]] mu myaka ya za 1920. <ref>https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/9/12392/Argentinian-Filmmaker-Makes-Movie-on-Tagore-When-Tagore-Met-Victoria-Ocampo-in-1924</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1982 |''De las caras de los espejos'' |Director |Film |- |1983 |''Ecce cevitas nostra'' |Director |Documentary |- |1988 |''The Sacred Family'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |- |1991 |''Equinox, the Garden of the Roses'' |Director, writer |Film |- |1994 |''[[:en:Fuego_gris|Fuego gris]]'' |Director, writer, actor, editor |Film |- |1996 |''Unicorn, the Garden of the Fruits'' |Director, writer |Film |- |1998 |''[[:en:Aphrodite,_the_Garden_of_the_Perfumes|Aphrodite, the Garden of the Perfumes]]'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2001 |''Journey Through the Body'' |Executive producer |Film |- |2003 |''Sangre'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2007 |''Hunabku'' |Director |Film |- |2011 |''Orillas'' |Director |Film |- |2014 |''Los dioses de agua'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |- |2016 |''El cielo escondido'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2018 |''El Llamado del Desierto (L'Appel du Désert)'' |Director |Film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Pensando_en_él|Pensando en él]]'' |Director |Film |- |TBD |''El Día del Pez'' |Director, producer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] p75z2qpgmtto2cgkjxl6gkaxcb8rhcx 0 9629 80739 80737 2021-11-23T20:58:26Z Hadi 10388 photo wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Filmemacherin.jpg|thumb|Heidi Specogna]] '''Heidi Specogna''' (yavutse 5 Mutarama 1959) ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] . <ref>https://www.tvtime.com/en/actor/47553</ref> Yagize uruhare muri sinema yo muri [[Amerika]] yepfo no muri [[Afrika]] akora firime zizwi cyane, ''Das kurze Leben des José Antonio Gutierrez'', ''Cahier africain'' na ''Tupamaros'' .<ref>https://www.vatmh.org/en/grant-recipient-details/grant/400-heidi-specogna.html</ref> <ref>https://www.adk.de/de/presse/pressemitteilungen.htm?we_objectID=60191</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Mutarama 1959 i Biel / Bienne, mu [[Busuwisi]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0817458/</ref>. == Umwuga == Yize mu ishuri ry’itangazamakuru i Zurich hanyuma akora nk'umunyamakuru mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye byo mu [[Budage]] [[Ubusuwisi|n'Ubusuwisi]]. Nyuma yize mu Ishuri rya Filime na Televiziyo mu [[Budage]] i Berlin kuva 1982 kugeza 1988. Amaze kurangiza muri iryo shuri, yabaye umwarimu muri Film Academy Baden-Württemberg ku ma firime ya documentaire kuva 2003. Mu 1985, filime ye ngufi ya ''Traces'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Bern. <ref name="swissfilms">https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/1173435339A44D93AAB9A97CF5B88B9A </ref> <ref>http://www.famafilm.ch/filme/wachs-und-gold/bio-filmografie-heidi-specogna/</ref> Yibanze cyane kuri sinema yo muri Amerika y'Epfo na [[Afurika]] kubera gukina amashusho cyane cyane binyuze mu nzu ye bwite yashinzwe mu 1990. Mu 1991, yakinnye bwa mbere hamwe na documentaire ''Tania la Guerillera'' ivuga ku barwanyi bo muri [[Boliviya]] ' Tamara Bunke '. Mu 1993, yakoze filime ''Rosa'' ivuga ku bikorwa bitemewe n’umukoresha wa radiyo kuri Rote Kapelle . Hanyuma mu 1996 yakinnye nka ''Tupamaros'', umutwe w'inyeshyamba kuva [[Irigwe|Uruguay]], muri documentaire y'izina rimwe.<ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/286889/</ref> <ref name="swissfilms">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/film_search/filmdetails/-/id_person/1173435339A44D93AAB9A97CF5B88B9A "Heidi Specogna Biography"]. swissfilms<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2011 yakoze documentaire ya ''Carte Blanche'' yibanda kuri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] . Filime ye ''Ubuzima Bugufi bwa José Antonio Gutierrez'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Film yo mu [[Busuwisi]] 2007 kubera documentaire nziza ndetse nigihembo cya Adolf Grimme . Hanyuma filime ''Carte Blanche'' yahawe igihembo cya filime nziza y’ururimi rw’ikidage i Duisburg mu 2011 nyuma iza guhabwa igihembo cy’itangazamakuru Gatolika. Filime ''Goal hunter's ship'' bwahawe igihembo cyabacamanza bagize urubyiruko muri Leipzig naho 'inkuru yumukobwa' yise ''Esther und die Geister'' yahawe igihembo cyuburenganzira bw’ikidage. Muri 2017, filime ye ''Cahier Africain'' ishingiye kuri Repubulika ya Centrafrique yibasiwe n’ibibazo, yakiriye igihembo cy’amafirime cy’Ubudage Lola, ndetse n’igihembo cy’amafirime yo mu [[Busuwisi]] kubera filime nziza mu bihembo by’Ubudage by’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, ndetse na the Silver Dove in Leipzig muri 2018 igihembo cya Adolf Grimme. <ref>https://www.filmakademie.de/de/studium/studienangebote/dokumentarfilm/lehrende/?tx_fabwinstructors_instructors%5Binstructor%5D=40&tx_fabwinstructors_instructors%5Bce_uid%5D=10375&tx_fabwinstructors_instructors%5Baction%5D=show&tx_fabwinstructors_instructors%5Bcontroller%5D=Instructor&cHash=57b7d2844731e8f927dcc9f9320f2ca5</ref> <ref>https://www.grimme-preis.de/archiv/2018/preistraeger/p/d/heidi-specogna-1/</ref><ref>https://muse.jhu.edu/article/235347/summary</ref> Muri 2019, Specogna yahawe igihembo cya Konrad Wolf muri Academy yubuhanzi. Muri 2020, iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Solothurn ryeguriye gahunda idasanzwe “Rencontre” kuri Specogna kubera kwibuka uruhare rwe muri sinema nyafurika.<ref>https://www.filmportal.de/nachrichten/konrad-wolf-preis-2019-geht-an-heidi-specogna</ref> <ref>https://www.solothurnerzeitung.ch/solothurn/stadt-solothurn/heidi-specogna-ist-ehrengast-der-rencontre-an-den-solothurner-filmtagen-2020-135861957</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1985 |''Fährten'' |Director, writer, cinematographer, editor |Short film |- |1988 |''Dschibuti'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |1991 |''Tania - La Guerrillera'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |1994 |''Deckname: Rosa'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |1995 |''Z-man's Kinder'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |- |1997 |''Tupamaros'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2004 |''Eine Familienangelegenheit'' |Director, writer |TV Movie documentary |- |2004 |''Zeit der roten Nelken'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2006 |''[[:en:The_Short_Life_of_José_Antonio_Gutierrez|The Short Life of José Antonio Gutierrez]]'' |Director, writer, producer, photographer |Documentary |- |2009 |''24 Hours Berlin'' |Director |Film |- |2010 |''Das Schiff des Torjägers'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Carte Blanche'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2012 |''Mädchengeschichten'' |Director, writer |TV Series documentary |- |2014 |''Pepe Mujica - Lessons from the Flowerbed'' |Director |Documentary |- |2016 |''[[:en:Cahier_Africain|Cahier Africain]]'' |Director, writer |Documentary |} == Ibihembo n'ibihembo == * 2007: Igihembo cya Filime yo mu Busuwisi mu cyiciro cyiza cya Filime Cyiza ''Kubuzima Bugufi bwa José Antonio Gutierrez'' * 2008: Igihembo cya Adolf Grimme ''Kubuzima Bugufi bwa José Antonio Gutierrez'' * 2011: Igihembo cya 3sat documentaire ya ''Carte Blanche'' * 2012: Igihembo cya Filime y'Uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu cya ''Esiteri n'abazimu'' * 2013: Igihembo cy'itangazamakuru Gatolika kuri ''Carte Blanche'' * 2016: Igihembo cya firime ''yuburenganzira bwa muntu kubudage kuri Cahier africain'' * 2017: Igihembo cya Filime yu Busuwisi nigihembo cyamafirime yubudage LOLA kuri ''Cahier africain'' (Inyandiko nziza) * 2019: Igihembo cya Konrad Wolf == references == [[Ikiciro:Abasuwisi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] pel9cme5j3zxb8cssz0sjybl6ymqjv3 0 9630 80738 2021-11-23T19:51:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1046189664|Arcade Assogba]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arcade Assogba,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Bene]] . <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=16738</ref> <ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.arcade-assogba.16738.html</ref> Yagize uruhare runini muri sinema ya Bénin atanga amahugurwa menshi yo gutumanaho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga mu birori bitandukanye by’umuco <ref>https://lanationbenin.info/arcade-assogba-realisateur-letat-est-en-retard-sur-le-cinema-beninois/</ref> muri Bénin nko mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Ouidah ndetse n’ibirori mpuzamahanga bya [[Bene|Benin]], Fitheb. <ref name="filmfreeway">https://filmfreeway.com/ArcadeASSOGBA </ref> Azwiho kandi kuba umuyobozi wa firime ngufi, ''ZanKlan''<ref>https://kitikilifilms.com/index.php/actualite/entretien-avec-arcade-assogba-a-propos-de-son-film-zanklan/</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Kuva mu 2006 kugeza 2009, Assogba yize sinema muri Institut Cinématographique de Ouidah (ICO). Nyuma yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bw’abantu n’imibereho yakuye muri kaminuza ya Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne naho impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza ya Abomey-Calavi muri Bénin. <ref>http://www.cjcinema.org/pages/fiche_auteur.php?auteur=1265</ref><ref>https://frankensaurus.com/Arcade_Assogba</ref> == Umwuga == Assogba yatangiye umwuga wa sinema nkumuyobozi wungirije wa mbere kuri firime nyinshi zerekanwe muri Benin. Yakoranye n'abayobozi mpuzamahanga bazwi nka Sylvestre Amoussou, Jean Odoutan, [[Pablo César (director)|Pablo César]] na Heidi Specogna na Pascale Obolo muri firime nyinshi. Muri 2018, yerekanwe bwa mbere mubuyobozi hamwe na documentaire ''Crossing.'' ''.'' ''.'' . Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa firime, yakoze Short ''ZanKlan'' mumwaka umwe. Muri make yakiriwe neza nabanegura kandi yerekanwa kandi atsindira ibihembo mubirori byinshi bya firime. Muri 2019, film yatsindiye igihembo cya 2 cyiza muri Rebiap festival international de film, Benin.<ref>https://www.agencebeninpresse.info/web/depeche/16/le-film-suru-de-kismath-baguidi-enleve-le-1er-prix-des-rebiap-2019</ref> <ref name="filmfreeway">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://filmfreeway.com/ArcadeASSOGBA "Arcade ASSOGBA: Director / Writer / 1st AD"]. filmfreeway<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref>https://lamarcherepublicaine.com/index.php/culture/338-entretien-avec-le-laureat-arcade-assogba-je-suis-heureux-que-des-aines-et-pas-des-moindres-me-reconnaissent-un-merite</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''Braves de la route des esclaves'' |Director |Film |- |2010 |''Pim-Pim Tché'' |Second assistant director |Film |- |2010 |''Das Schiff des Torjägers'' |unit manager |Documentary |- |2011 |''Un pas en avant - Les dessous de la corruption'' |Second assistant director |Film |- |2018 |''La Traversée…'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2018 |''ZanKlan'' |Director, writer, producer |Short film |- |2019 |''A living tree means a living planet'' |Director |Documentary |} * == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tcl1h275ij48totsp39rt9hb895elgq 0 9631 80740 2021-11-24T05:00:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1027910074|Claire Andrade-Watkins]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claire Andrade-Watkins,''' ni umunyamateka akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verdean]] na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] . <ref>https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/swearer/people/practitioners-residence/claire-andrade-watkins-s2017-f2017</ref> Ni intiti itandukanye y’amateka nyafurika n yibanda ku mateka ya Amerika na Cape Verdean, ndetse n’Abafaransa nyuma y’abakoloni. Hagati aho, yitwaye neza muri sinema nyafurika ivuga [[Porutigali|Igiporutugali]], sinema za diaspora ya Africana, hamwe na firime y'Abanyamerika b'Abirabura ndetse n'abayikora. <ref name="MAPS">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</ref><ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=6627</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yize muri Lincoln School Providence, abona impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Simmons College nyuma abona MA na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Boston . <ref name="emerson">https://www.maps-inc.org/our-staff/claire-andrade-watkins-phd/</ref><ref>https://newenglandfilm.com/magazine/2016/06/cape-verdean-stories</ref> == Umwuga == Andrade-Watkins ni Umuyobozi washinze umushinga wa ' Fox Point Cape Verdean ', umushinga w’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu baturage mu 2007<ref>https://independent-magazine.org/2019/11/04/legacy-kind-funny-porto-rican-cape-verdean-american-story/</ref>. Afite isosiyete ikora kandi igakwirakwiza, 'SPIA Media Productions, Inc.' . Yashinzwe mu 1998 kandi izobereye mu bitangazamakuru byo muri [[Afurika]] Diaspora. <ref>https://spiamedia.com/founder-president/</ref> Niwe mwarimu wa mbere wigisha amasomo yamabara muri kaminuza, akaba na Porofeseri wambere wuzuye wamabara muri Visual and Media Arts mbere yo kwimukira mu kigo cyubuhanzi bwa Liberal Arts & Interdisciplinary Studies. Ni n'umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi birimo,''Society for Visual Anthropology'', ''Research in African Literature'', ''The Independent Film and Video Monthly'', ''American Historical Review'', and ''CinémActionn'' <ref>http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/cabo-verde/170-claire-andrade-watkins</ref>.<ref>https://berkeleybeacon.com/emerson-professor-debuts-film/</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/1047027-claire-andrade-watkins</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Cape Verde Independence'' |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2006 |''Some Kind of Funny Porto Rican? : A Cape Verdean American Story'' |Director, executive producer, writer, editor |Documentary |- |2011 |''Hi, Neighbor'' |Director, producer, writer |Video documentary short |- |2013 |''Serenata de Amor'' |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Working the Boats: Masters of the Craft'' |Director, producer |Documentary |} * == Reba kandi == == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] do6g4pgow28x9eizoj1mcv4t5phsy6h 14 9632 80741 2021-11-24T05:03:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "abantu bakora umwuga wo kwandika , gutegura ,gutunganya ndetse no gukina filimi" wikitext text/x-wiki abantu bakora umwuga wo kwandika , gutegura ,gutunganya ndetse no gukina filimi eb0fa9s9k8ppf65zkvhg6ts6dqbjpco 0 9633 80742 2021-11-24T05:24:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1036892161|Francisco Manso]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco Manso''' (yavutse 28 Ugushyingo 1949), ni producer akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi wo muri portigali. <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/francisco-manso/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane,''Napomuceno's Will'', ''[[:en:The_Consul_of_Bordeaux|The Consul of Bordeaux]]'' and ''O Nosso Cônsul em Havana'' <ref>http://www.cinept.ubi.pt/pt/filme/10831/O+Nosso+C%C3%B4nsul+em+Havana</ref>.<ref>https://spiamedia.com/the-consul-of-bordeaux-2/</ref> == Umwuga == Yarangije amategeko muri kaminuza ya Lisbonne . Mu 1976, yarangije muri firime muri Centro de Arte e Comunicação Visual (Ar.Co) maze, mu 1979 kugeza 1980, arangiza amasomo y’ubuhanga bw’amajwi maze aba umuyobozi wungirije muri televiziyo rusange Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP). <ref>http://euffto.com/index.php/festival-archives/item/francisco-manso</ref><ref>https://www.ipea.gov.br/desafios/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2967:catid=28&Itemid=23</ref> Mu 1978, yimukiye muri sinema nk'umuyobozi wungirije wa mbere wa filime ''O Meu Nome É'', iyobowe na Fernando Matos Silva. Ibyo byakurikiwe na ''O Príncipe com Orelhas de Burro'', iyobowe na António de Macedo, mu 1979. Mu 1980, yimukiye muri [[Gineya-Biso|Gineya Bissau]] akora kuri filime ''Acto dos Feitos da Guiné'' iyobowe na Matos Silva. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, yasubiye muri Porutugali maze akora kuri filime ''Guerra no Mirandum ya'' Matos Silva yo mu 1981.<ref>https://www.3continents.com/fr/film/acto-dos-feitos-da-guine/</ref><ref>https://cinemaportuguesmemoriale.pt/Filmes/id/385/t/o-principe-com-orelhas-de-burro/</ref> [[Dosiye:The_film_Director,_Francisco_Manso_along_with_the_actor_Vitor_Norte,_the_producer,_Jose_Mazeda_and_the_composer_Henri_Seroka_addressing_a_press_conference_during_the_42nd_International_Film_Festival_of_India_(IFFI-2011).jpg|right|thumb| Umuyobozi wa firime, Francisco Manso (uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso) hamwe n'umukinnyi Vitor Norte, producer, Jose Mazeda, hamwe nuwahimbye Henri Seroka ubwo yaganiraga n’abanyamakuru mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema mpuzamahanga rya 42 (IFFI-2011)]] Nyuma yo gukora nk'umufasha imyaka myinshi, umurimo wa mbere wa Manso wo kuyobora ni 1983 hamwe na filimi ya televiziyo ''A Epopeia dos Bacalhaus'' . Yahinduye kandi filime ye ya mbere yerekanwe kuri tereviziyo, ''Terra Nova, Mar Velho'', muri uwo mwaka. Iyo filime imaze gutsinda, yakomeje kuyobora filime na documentaire nka, ''A Aposta'' (1987), ''Na Mão de Deus'' (1989), ''Nostalgia'' (1994) na ''O Espírito da Cor'' (1994). <ref name="caboverde">http://www.caboverde-info.com/ger/Identitaet/Persoenlichkeiten/Francisco-Manso</ref><ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/francisco-manso/</ref><ref>https://www.estantevirtual.com.br/livros/francisco-manso-e-oscar-cruz/a-epopeia-dos-bacalhaus</ref> Mu 1997, Manso yakoze filime ye ya mbere yerekana sinema, ''O Testamento do Senhor Napomuceno'', ashingiye ku gitabo cyitwa ''The Will Will and Testament of Senhor da Silva Araújo'' cyanditswe na Germano Almeida kirwa cya [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verde]] . Filime yatanzwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga kandi yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru ya firime, ihabwa ibihembo byinshi harimo bitatu mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Gramado . Mu 2000, yakoze TV mini-serie ''Almeida Garrett'' . Inyandiko ye, ''Memórias de um rio - Avieiros, os nómadas do Tejo'' mu 2004, yahawe igihembo cyihariye cya Lusophony mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 10 ry’ibidukikije - Cine Eco 2004. <ref>https://www.publico.pt/2019/01/17/culturaipsilon/critica/caso-anulado-falta-provas-1857965</ref><ref>https://www.allmovie.com/artist/francisco-manso-p242025</ref> Muri filime yakurikiyeho yakoresheje cyane cyane amateka, nka firime ''O Último Condenado à Morte'' ya 2008, yabayeho mugihe cya Revolution Liberal muri Portugal muri 1821/22. Mu mwaka wa 2011, yakoze filime ''O Cônsul de Bordéus'' yari ishingiye ku buzima bwa Aristides de Sousa Mendes ndetse n’ibikorwa yakoreye ikiremwamuntu mu gihe cyo gutoteza Abayahudi. <ref>https://www.publico.pt/2011/09/13/culturaipsilon/noticia/quoto-consul-de-bordeusquot-esgotou-cinemateca-de-televive-293255</ref><ref>https://ukjewishfilm.org/film/the-consul-of-bordeaux/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''O Caldo de Pedra'' |Production manager |Short film |- |1978 |''O Meu Nome É...'' |Actor |Film |- |1979 |''Os Filhos da Noite'' |Actor |Film |- |1979 |''O Convidado Debaixo da Mesa'' |Production assistant |TV movie |- |1980 |''The Donkey-Eared Prince'' |Assistant director |Film |- |1980 |''Acto dos Feitos da Guiné'' |Assistant director |Film |- |1983 |''A Epopeia dos Bacalhaus'' |Director, writer |TV movie |- |1983 |''Terra Nova, Mar Velho'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |1987 |''A Aposta'' |Director, producer |Film |- |1989 |''O Espírito da Cor'' |Director |TV Series documentary |- |1994 |''Na Mão de Deus (Antero de Quental)'' |Director, producer |TV movie |- |1994 |''Nostalgia'' |Director |Film |- |1994 |''Quase (Mário de Sá Carneiro)'' |Director, producer |TV movie |- |1995 |''Saudade (Soares dos Reis)'' |Director, producer |TV movie |- |1997 |''[[:en:Napomuceno's_Will_(film)|O Testamento do Senhor Napomuceno]]'' |Director, producer |Film |- |2000 |''Almeida Garrett'' |Director, producer |TV mini-series |- |2000 |''Dez Grãozinhos de Terra'' |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2000 |''Clandestinos'' |Director |Documentary |- |2003 |''O Cinema Português'' |Director, producer, writer |TV movie documentary) |- |2009 |''[[:en:A_Ilha_dos_Escravos|A Ilha dos Escravos]]'' |Director |Film |- |2009 |''O Último Condenado à Morte'' |Director |Film |- |2010 |''Assalto ao Santa Maria'' |Director |Film |- |2010 |''Portugal e o Japão - Uma Longa História'' |Director |TV movie documentary) |- |2010 |''Entre o Norte e o Sul'' |Director |Documentary |- |2011 |''[[:en:The_Consul_of_Bordeaux|O Cônsul de Bordéus]]'' |Director |Film |- |2012 |''Até Chá virar Café: Until Tea Becomes Coffee'' |Producer |TV movie documentary |- |2016 |''Regresso Ao Mar'' |Director, producer |TV series documentary |- |2018 |''Os Dois Irmãos'' |Director |Film |- |2019 |''O Nosso Cônsul em Havana'' |Director, producer |TV series |- |2019 |''Salgueiro Maia - Rumo à Eternidade'' |Director, writer |Documentary short |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] cqu8nigfneneak6gldqw1z2z2gggf1m 0 9634 80743 2021-11-24T05:37:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1031220959|Marc Serena]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Marc Serena (2017 Catalan Book Week).png|thumb|'''Marc Serena''' ]] '''Marc Serena''' (wavutse 1983), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Espagne, umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi . <ref>http://www.newspanishbooks.de/autor/marc-serena</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire nyafurika ''izwi cyane'' nka Tchindas, ''Peixos d'aigua dolça'' na ''Umwanditsi ukomoka mu Gihugu kitagira ibitabo'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/753738.html</ref> <ref>https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/cultura/2020/07/31/1185099/marc-serena-director-cine-guinea-ecuatorial-viven-franquismo-tipo-tropical.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1983 i Manresa, muri [[Esipanye|Espagne]], ubu akaba atuye muri Barcelona .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3046435/</ref> <ref name="UNAOC">https://fellowship.unaoc.org/fellows/marc-serena/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2011 afite imyaka 25, yanditse igitabo ''Urugendo kuri 25'' cyagize amahirwe menshi muri Aziya. <ref name="africanfilmny">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://africanfilmny.org/directors/marc-serena/ "Marc Serena: Spain"]. African Filmny<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Nyuma yaje gusohoka mu ndimi eshanu zirimo Igishinwa n'Igikoreya. Muri 2014, Serena yasohoye ''Un-African love?'' ikusanya amajwi yibibazo aturuka mubihugu 15 bya Afrika.<ref>https://pro.festivalscope.com/director/marc-serena</ref> <ref>https://www.nuvol.com/llibres/aixo-no-es-africa-7063</ref> Hanyuma yayoboye urubuga rwa documentaire ''Double Epidemic'' muri 2015. Muri uwo mwaka, Serena yanditse kandi ayobora filime yamamaye cyane ''Tchindas'', afatanije na [[Pablo García Pérez de Lara]] <ref>https://belfastfilmfestival.org/interview-marc-serena-pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref>. Film nyuma yatsinze Outfest 's Grand Jury Award for Excellence mu sinema. <ref>https://variety.com/2015/film/news/outfest-2015-winners-list-1201543695/</ref> Hamwe no gutsinda muri film, yakoze film ye itaha ''Double Epidemic'' mumwaka umwe. Muri 2018, yayoboye filime ''Peixos d'aigua dolça'' hanyuma ''Umwanditsi wo mu Gihugu kitagira amaduka y'ibitabo'' muri 2019.<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g12nvpvhv2?hl=es</ref> Hagati aho, muri 2009, blog ye yahawe na Lonely Planet nka blog nziza yingendo zitari Icyongereza. <ref>https://fellowship.unaoc.org/fellows/marc-serena/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2007 | ''En realidad'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2008 | ''Passaport BCN'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2012 | ''Nius'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2013 | ''Indangagaciro'' | Umwanditsi | Amashusho ya TV | |- | 2015 | ''Tchindas'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer nyobozi | Inyandiko | |- | 2018 | ''Peixos d'aigua dolça'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer nyobozi | Inyandiko | |- | 2019 | ''Un jour en.'' ''.'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2019 | ''Umwanditsi wo mu Gihugu kitagira ububiko bwibitabo'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | |} * == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] grrqjqskivio6sknrgnyn3hzeop81gm 0 9635 80744 2021-11-24T05:44:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1004762241|Alexis Tsafas]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis Tsafas''' (yavutse 1956), ni producer numukinnyi wa filimi wo [[Bugereki|mubugereki]]. <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/alexis-tsafas</ref> <ref>http://www.spla.pro/en/file.person.alexis-tsafas.27781.html</ref> Yagize uruhare runini muri sinema ya Cape Verde akora firime zizwi cyane, ''A menina dos olhos grandes'', ''Tunnel'' na ''Zenaida'' . <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/alexis-tsafas/</ref><ref>https://pro.festivalscope.com/director/alexis-tsafas</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.cineuropa.org/en/film/310730/</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1033244/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1977 |''Epea'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary short |- |1978 |''Iliotropio'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |1982 |''Diadromi'' |Director, producer |Documentary short |- |1983 |''I katoikia stin Ellada'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |1985 |''Plastikes axies sti zografiki'' |Director, writer, editor |Documentary |- |1990 |''To teleftaio paihnidi'' |Director, writer |Video film |- |1991 |''Tunnel'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2002 |''Dancing with Raidel'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2004 |''The Music Cape'' |Director, cinematographer |Documentary |- |2008 |''Mindelo - Traz d' horizonte'' |Director |Documentary |- |2010 |''A menina dos olhos grandes'' |Director |Film |- |2015 |''Zenaida'' |Director |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] k357lnzsfyhjm5jbwh2nx2u829sb818 0 9636 80745 2021-11-24T05:51:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1019272943|Júlio Silvão Tavares]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Júlio Silvão Tavares''' (yavutse 1959), niUmukinnyi wa firime muri [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verdean]] . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/785992.html</ref> <ref>http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/cabo-verde/147-julio-silvao-tavares</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva mu 1979, yize umuco gakondo wa Cape-verdean, aho yashinze Itsinda rya Theatre Experimental igihe yari producer numuyobozi wa gahunda yumuco 'Dragoeiro' yatambutse kuri Televisão de Cabo Verde (TCV) kuva 1993 kugeza 1997. Kuva 1994 kugeza 1996, Tavares yari umuyobozi wa gahunda yumuco 'Articultura' kuri Rádio de Cabo Verde (RCV). <ref>https://www.tieff.org/en/directors/julio-silvao-tavares/</ref> Ni n'umuyobozi wa sosiyete ikora firime yitwa 'Silvão-Produção Filmes' yashinze mu 2004. <ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.person.julio-silvao-tavares.8749.html</ref> Hagati aho, yakoze firime ''O Desafio'' mu 1999. Mu 2005, yerekanwe bwa mbere muri firime na ''Batuque, Alma de um Povo'' .Ku itsinda rya muzika rya batuque Raiz di Tambarina, n'imizi y'iyi njyana ya muzika i Santiago, Cape Verde . <ref>http://www.larepubliquedespyrenees.fr/2010/06/09/soiree-musicale-capverdienne,140991.php</ref> <ref>http://www.marfilmes.com/en/africadocs/batuque.htm</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe i Lisbonne mu Gushyingo 2010, nyuma yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>https://archive.is/20120707221120/http://africainthepicture.nl/2007/en/program/filmsA-Z/13/Batuque/_Batuque,_a_alma_de_um_povo.html</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_in_Motion</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://inforpress.cv/julio-silvao-tavares/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2006 | ''Batuque, Ubugingo bwabantu'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko | |- | 2018 | ''[[Fahavalo, Madagascar 1947|Fahavalo, Madagasikari 1947]]'' | Producer | Inyandiko | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] djqsr2gtx7xalvjfrkwkqwtm8lt598i 0 9637 80746 2021-11-24T05:59:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/986067775|Diana C. Zollicoffer]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana C. Zollicoffer''' (wavutse 1977), ni umukinnyi wa filime muri [[Seyishele|Seychellois]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime ukora cyane mu nganda za firime z'ubuhinde. <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=516972.html</ref> Azwi cyane nka producer wibikorwa byamamaye cyane nka ''Schmoolie the Deathwatcher'', ''Bridget na Iain'' na ''Bayou yibagiwe'' . <ref>https://cinando.com/en/Company/cazadora_entertainment_134562/Detail</ref> <ref>https://dizolli2.wixsite.com/dianaczollicoffer</ref> == Umwuga == Yarangije muri Duke Ellington School of Arts, Washington DC.<ref>https://cinando.com/en/Company/cazadora_entertainment_134562/Detail</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://filmschoolradio.com/may-25-bridget-and-iain-producer-diane-c-zollicoffer/</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1070707/bio</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1998 |''Celebrity'' |Actress: Newscaster |Stage |- |2002 |''All My Children'' |Actress: Doctor |Stage |- |2003 |''What Should You Do?'' |Actress: Alita BaconPrison Guard |Stage |- |2004 |''Stop Thief!'' |Actress: Prison Guard |Stage |- |2005 |''The War at Home'' |Actress: Keisha |Stage |- |2005 |''Untold Stories of the ER'' |Actress: Reenactment / Tonya Jenkins |Stage |- |2006 |''Doggie Bag'' |Executive producer, assistant director, makeup artist |Short film |- |2008 |''Single Serving'' |Co-producer, assistant director |TV Series |- |2008 |''Q: Secret Agent'' |Producer |Short film |- |2009 |''B-Girl'' |Actress: Eunice |Film |- |2010 |''I Love You Daddy'' |Actress: Head Nurse |Stage |- |2012 |''Ten Men on the Field'' |Actress: Executive Assistant 7 |Stage |- |2013 |''Bloomers'' |Associate producer |TV Series |- |2013 |''Queen Cake'' |Co-producer |Short film |- |2014 |''My Way'' |Producer |Short film |- |2014 |''Fade to Black'' |Director, producer, writer |Short film |- |2015 |''The Dinner Bash'' |Director, producer, writer |TV Series |- |2015 |''Schmoolie the Deathwatcher'' |Producer |Short film |- |2016 |''Monster in the Bayou'' |Producer |Documentary short |- |2016 |''Forgotten Bayou'' |Producer, writer, writer |Documentary |- |2017 |''Bridget and Iain'' |Producer |Short film |- |2019 |''Dreamer'' |Director, producer |Short film |- |2019 |''Annny Minute Now'' |Director, writer, actress: Mrs. Driver |TV Series |- |2019 |''Honey and Clover: A Recipe for Disaster'' |Producer |Short film |- |2019 |''Throw Like a Girl'' |Producer |Short film |- |2019 |''Untitled Ben Brown Documentary'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |TBD |''Morning'' |Director, producer, writer, actress: Sharon |Short film |- |TBD |''Only the Lonely Sleeps'' |Director, producer, writer |Film |- |TBD |''FU: A Love Story in Reverse'' |Director, producer, writer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] mxfvt3z7bsmwycb3jr5s74qfj0te4ro 0 9638 80747 2021-11-24T06:09:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1045825222|Mosonngoa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Mosonngoa''''' ni filimi yo muri Mosotho yasohotse 2014 ikaba filime ngufi iyobowe na Lemohang Yeremiya Mosese kandi yakozwe na Hannah Stockmann. <ref>https://mubi.com/films/mosonngoa</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Siphiwe Nzima-Ntskhe mu mwanya wa mbere mu gihe Masele Tokane, Chaka Phehlamarole Khalechene na Retselisitsoe Sekake bagize uruhare runini. <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/co/film848919.html</ref><ref>http://rwanda.spla.pro/file.film.mosonngoa-the-mocked-one.17406.html</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza nabayinenga kandi yerekanwa mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/work/2036508/</ref> <ref>http://www.luxorafricanfilmfestival.com/en/PastEditions/2015/Film/Short%20Films/Mosonngoa%20The%20Mocked%20One</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://www.screenqueue.com/person/2956958</ref> == * Siphiwe Nzima-Ntskhe nka Mosonngoa * Masele Tokane nkumusore Mosonngoa * Chaka Phehlamarole Khalechene nka Rapule * Retselisitsoe Sekake nka Phefo * Matoae Toae == Kwerekanwa mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.makhotso.com/mosonngoa</ref><ref>https://trakt.tv/movies/mosonngoa-2015</ref> == * Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes, mubufaransa kuri firime ngufi - Gicurasi 2014 * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Durban, Afurika y'Epfo - 25 Nyakanga 2014 * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Richmond, Amerika - 26 Gashyantare 2015 * Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Carthage, Tuniziya - 25 Ugushyingo 2015 == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] aoj575e60ri2vz91bt6oqrnqdfeqgqr 0 9639 80856 80748 2021-11-27T12:28:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tseko Monaheng''', numukinnyi wa filimi muri Mosotho. <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/tseko-monaheng</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''This Is Not a Burial, It's a Resurrection'', ''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' and short film ''Behemoth: Or the Game of God''. <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/883783.html</ref> <ref>https://letterboxd.com/actor/tseko-monaheng/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, Monaheng yavumbuwe n'umukinnyi w'inararibonye akaba na producer, Silas Monyatsi mu gihe cyo kwerekana ikinamico ya SIDA ''Ke Khetho Eaka'' . Nyuma yaho mu mwaka, yakoze mu filimi ngufi ''Untitled'' iyoborwa na Kaizer Matsumunyane . Hagati aho, yakinnye mu makinamico menshi ya radiyo kuri SIDA. Mu mwaka wa 2006, yakinnye bwa mbere mu ikinamico yo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] hamwe na Soul City's ''Untitled Stories'' harimo ''[[Mapule's Choice]]'' na ''Monna Motsamai'' . <ref name="sundayexpress">https://sundayexpress.co.ls/monaheng-debuts-on-rhythm-city/ </ref> Yakinnye kandi muri firime nyinshi za Mosotho harimo na Lemohang Yeremiya Mosese ya firime ngufi yamamaye cyane Behemoth: Cyangwa Umukino w'Imana nk'uruhare runini 'Umubwiriza'. <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/co/film622401.html</ref> Hamwe no gutsinda muri make, yahise atoranyirizwa mumushinga utaha wa Mosese''[[:en:This_Is_Not_a_Burial,_It's_a_Resurrection|This Is Not a Burial, It's a Resurrection]]'' muri 2019. Filime yerekanwe no mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>https://filmfestival.cologne/en/filme/this-is-not-a-burial-its-a-resurrection/</ref> <ref>https://www.filmfesthamburg.de/de/programm/Film/35258/This_Is_Not_a_Burial_Its_a_Resurrection</ref> <ref>https://www.sundance.org/projects/this-is-not-a-burial-it-s-a-resurrection</ref> <ref>https://iffr.com/en/2020/films/this-is-not-a-burial-it%E2%80%99s-a-resurrection</ref> Yakinnye kandi muri firime ''zaho: Kau la poho'' (2008) na ''Lilaphalapha'' . <ref name="sundayexpress">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/monaheng-debuts-on-rhythm-city/ "Monaheng Debuts On Rhythm City"]. Sunday Express<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2017, Monaheng yakinnye muri firime yo muri [[Afrika yepfo|Afrika yepf]]. Yabigizemo uruhare nk'umupolisi urya ruswa. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi ihitamo kwerekanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto (TIFF) kuva ku ya 7 kugeza ku ya 17 Nzeri 2017. <ref>https://sundayexpress.co.ls/local-actors-featured-at-canada-festival/</ref> Muri 2018, yatangiriye kuri tereviziyo yo muri [[Afrika yepfo]] hamwe nikinamico ''Rhythm City'' . Icyakora, yageragejweho uruhare mu Kwakira 2017. Monaheng kandi yifatanyije na productions ku: ''Mantsopa'' na ''Qomatsi'' ndetse bitandukanye 'Lesedi' FM darame radiyo. <ref name="sundayexpress">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://sundayexpress.co.ls/monaheng-debuts-on-rhythm-city/ "Monaheng Debuts On Rhythm City"]. Sunday Express<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Untitled'' | |Short film |- |2008 |''[[:en:Mapule's_Choice|Mapule's Choice]]'' | |Short film |- |2008 |''Kau la poho'' |Chief Mohale |Short film |- |2009 |''Lilaphalapha'' | |Film |- |2013 |''Mantsopa'' | |TV Series |- |2015 |''Qomatsi'' | |TV Series |- |2014 |''Naka la Moitheri'' |Chief Mohale |Short film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Behemoth:_Or_the_Game_of_God|Behemoth: Or the Game of God]]'' |Preacher |Short film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'' | |Film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Rhythm_City_(TV_series)|Rhythm City]]'' | |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:This_Is_Not_a_Burial,_It's_a_Resurrection|This Is Not a Burial, It's a Resurrection]]'' | |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] muehn0qtmvkigtaz1wxafeep55i2aqz 0 9640 80749 2021-11-24T06:36:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1045608293|Behemoth: Or the Game of God]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Behemoth: Or the Game of God''''' ni filimi yo muri Mosotho yasohotse 2020 ikaba filime ngufi y'amayobera iyobowe na Lemohang Yeremiya Mosese kandi yayikoranye na Hannah Stockmann. <ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/behemoth-or-the-game-of-god/</ref> Muri filime hagaragaramo Tseko Monaheng nka 'Umubwiriza' mu mwanya wa mbere. <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/co/film622401.html</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza nabayireba kandi yerekanwa mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>http://festival.raindance.org/films/behemoth-or-the-game-of-god</ref> <ref>http://archive.kinodot.com/eng/observer_competition_2016/id/649/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Tseko Monaheng nk'Umubwiriza == Kwerekanwa mpuzamahanga == * Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Clermont-Ferrand, Ubufaransa - 6 Gashyantare 2016 <ref>http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?m=226&c=3&id_film=200054684&o=178</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika AfryKamera, Polonye - 23 Mata 2016 * Ikabutura ya Tenerife, Espanye - 10 Nzeri 2016 * Iserukiramuco rya L'Étrange, Ubufaransa - 10 Nzeri 2016 == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] k2f3tz5rp15xagw7z9pmsorjmo4pq45 0 9641 80857 80751 2021-11-27T12:32:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aletta Bezuidenhout''' (yavutse ku ya 17 Gicurasi 1949), ni umukinnyi [[Kenya|wa]] filime [[Afurika y’Epfo|ukomoka muri]] Kenya wavukiye muri [[Kenya]], umwanditsi akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/aletta-bezuidenhout/filmografie</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/103650.html</ref> Akora azwi muri productions ya :''Weerskant die Nag'', ''Committed'' and ''Spoon'', ''Lament for Koos'' and ''Mother Courage''.''.'' <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/aletta-bezuidenhout</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Gicurasi 1949 i [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]]. Se yari injeniyeri. Yakoraga mu Nama Njyanama ya Transvaal yubuhanzi (Truk). Yatoje kandi arangiza BA Drama muri kaminuza ya Cape Town. <ref name="esat">https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Aletta_Bezuidenhout </ref> Yashakanye n'umucuranzi Colin Shamley, icyo gihe umukinnyi Tertius Meintjes nyuma na Anthony Perris. <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Aletta_Bezuidenhout</ref> == Umwuga == Yize ikinamico muri kaminuza ya Cape Town nyuma atangira umwuga we wo gukina i Kruik. Nyuma, yimukiye muri old Transvaal akora muri Sosiyete na Theatre y'Isoko. Hagati aho, yakoraga mu nama nyinshi zo mu karere zishinzwe ubuhanzi, nka 'Truk en Kruik'. Nyuma yaje gutangira gutoza abandi bakinnyi.<ref>http://performance.rovere.com/dnxma/tertius-meintjes-wikipedia</ref> Mu 1970, yagaragaye muri ''The Space'' nyuma aza gukorana na ''Dusa Stas Fish'' na ''Vi'', ''The Resistible Rise of Arturo UI'' and ''Treats'' . Mu 1974, yashinze isosiyete ikora, 'The Company'. Hagati aho, yagize uruhare mu ikinamico akina amakinamico nka ''Desire'', ''Mother Courage'' in 1977, ''Women of Troy'', ''Lament for Koos'' and ''The Minotaur's Sister'' mu 1985. <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=611</ref><ref>https://thenation.co.za/bio/aletta-bezuidenhout-biography/</ref> Usibye gukina, yakoraga nk'umwanditsi w'amakinamico kandi akora ''Time of Footsteps'', ''Silent Envelope'', ''Angel in a Dark Room'' and ''Little Big Worl'' . Muri ecran ya tereviziyo, yakoraga kuri serial ''The Lady of the Camellias'', ''Thicker than Water'' and ''Die Sonkring and Orion''. Some of her popular films include: ''Djadje'', ''Committed'', ''On the Wire'', ''Country of My Skull'' and ''Paljas.'' == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''Suffer Little Children...'' |Mrs. Becker |Short film |- |1979 |''Weerskant die Nag'' |Hannie du Preez |Film |- |1980 |''Die Koningin en die Rebelle'' |Argia |Film |- |1980 |''Sam et Sally'' |Mrs. Schoppenhauer |TV Series |- |1981 |''Westgate'' |Myrna Kraft |TV Series |- |1982 |''Westgate II'' |Myrna Kraft |TV Series |- |1982 |''Die dame met die kamelias'' |Marguerite Gautier |TV Movie |- |1983 |''My Country My Hat'' |Sarah van Rensburg |Film |- |1986 |''Thicker Than Water'' |Morag Murray |TV Movie |- |1990 |''On the Wire'' |Aletta Fourie |Film |- |1991 |''Committed'' |Isandra |Film |- |1992 |''The Good Fascist'' |Prosecutor |Film |- |1993 |''Die Sonkring II'' |Daisy |TV Series |- |1993 |''Djadje - Last Night I Fell Off a Horse'' | |Film |- |1995 |''Cycle Simenon'' |Madame Genève |TV Series |- |1997 |''Paljas'' |Katrien MacDonald |Film |- |2001 |''Lied van die Lappop'' |Corrie Fourie |TV Mini-Series |- |2001 |''Pure Blood'' |Gertrude |Film |- |2004 |''[[:en:In_My_Country_(2004_film)|In My Country]]'' |Elsa Malan |Film |- |2004 |''Sword of Xanten'' |Hallbera |TV Series |- |2005 |''Charlie Jade'' |Cleo |TV Series |- |2005 |''Known Gods'' |Anesca Boshoff |TV Series |- |2006 |''Orion'' |Joan van Heerden |TV Series |- |2001 |''Spoon'' |Olivia Spoon |Film |- |2012 |''Jail Caesar'' |Julia |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] bsk8oh11a8qmtcj2rr5zlayfv9cikm7 0 9642 80752 2021-11-25T05:05:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/998558072|Amr El-Bayoumi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amr El-Bayoumi''' (wavutse 1965), ni Umunyamisiri n'[[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Umunyamerika]] akaba n'umuhanzi wijwi. <ref name="amr">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://amrelbayoumi.com "Amr El-Bayoumi bio"]. Amr El-Bayoumi official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Kapiteni Phillips'',''The Fifth Estate'' and ''Psychosis''.. <ref>https://www4.fusionmovies.to/celebrity/dE0UHafuT4/amr-el-bayoumi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1965 i Alegizandiriya, mu Misiri. <ref>https://www.e-talenta.eu/members/profile/amr-el-bayoumi</ref> Yarangije amashuri abanza mu ishuri ribanza rya Bailey i East Lansing, muri Leta ya Michigan. Kuri ubu abarizwa i Washington DC n'Umujyi wa New York. <ref>https://lsa.umich.edu/amas/news-events/all-events.detail.html/47974-11159798.html</ref> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko, yimukiye i Los Angeles maze ahabwa akazi ko kuba injeniyeri. <ref>https://www.presspassla.com/rising-star-amr-el-bayoumi-talks-avoiding-arab-stereotypes-booking-roles-mr-robot-house-cards/</ref> == Umwuga == Yakinnye ibitaramo byinshi muri [[Amerika]], [[Bwongereza|Ubwongereza]], na Misiri. Muri 2008, yakinnye muri firime ngufi ''11 Missed Calls'' yamufunguye kugirango yerekane impano ye<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bdd4131aa</ref>. Hanyuma muri 2009, yatoranijwe kubindi bigufi ''NASA and the Space Pen'' nka 'abavuga<ref>https://www.mixer.co/amr-el-bayoumi</ref>'. Nyuma yandi mafirime abiri: ''Drift'' na ''Loose End'', El-Bayoumi yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime hamwe na firime ya ''gatanu ya'' 2013<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2464252/characters/nm3300863</ref>. Muri filime, yakinnye nka 'General'. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2013, yashoboye kwigaragaza muri [[Amerika]] ''Kapiteni Phillips'' nk'umunyamuryango wa Maersk Alabama<ref>https://geofilms.tv/actor/amr-el-bayoumi/</ref>. Yagaragaye muri serivise nyinshi zizwi cyane kuri tereviziyo zo muri [[Amerika]] mu bihe byashize zirimo: ''House of Cards'', ''Mr. Robot'', ''The Blacklist'', ''Madam Secretary'', ''Quantico'' and ''Person of Interest'' <ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/13356-amr-el-bayoumi</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bdd4131aa</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''11 Missed Calls'' |Janitor |Short film |- |2009 |''NASA and the Space Pen'' |Narrator |Short film |- |2010 |''The Drift'' |Peter |Short film |- |2012 |''Loose End'' |The Yank |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:The_Fifth_Estate_(film)|The Fifth Estate]]'' |General |Film |- |2013 |''Killzone: Mercenary'' |Voice |Video Game |- |2013 |''[[:en:Captain_Phillips_(film)|Captain Phillips]]'' |Maersk Alabama Crew |Film |- |2013 |''Missing Something'' |Lenny Gayle / Earl Gayle |TV Series |- |2014 |''[[:en:Person_of_Interest_(TV_series)|Person of Interest]]'' |Legionnaire #3 |TV Series |- |2014 |''Jarhead 2: Field of Fire'' |Police Captain |Video Film |- |2014 |''Madam Secretary'' |Guest |TV Series |- |2014 |''[[:en:The_Blacklist_(TV_series)|The Blacklist]]'' |Alliance Member #2 |TV Series |- |2015 |''[[:en:Mr._Robot|Mr. Robot]]'' |Freddie |TV Series |- |2015 |''The Visit'' |Wasim |Short film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Jacqueline_Argentine|Jacqueline Argentine]]'' |Nasir Al Nawala |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)|House of Cards]]'' |Ibrahim Halabi |TV Series |- |2016 |''Mother & Son'' |Myles |Short film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Quantico_(TV_series)|Quantico]]'' |Sheikh Samir |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:The_Other_Two_(TV_series)|The Other Two]]'' |Qatari Businessman |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Law_and_Order:_Special_Victim_Unit|Law and Order: Special Victim Unit]]'' |Bashir Nasar |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:The_Code_(American_TV_series)|The Code]]'' |Colonel Kavur |TV Series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Our_Cartoon_President|Our Cartoon President]]'' |Mohammad Bin Salman |TV Series |- |2020 |''El Mahal'' |Soheil |Short film |- |TBD |''Blue'' |Father Daoud |Short film |- |TBD |''Psychosis'' |Kamal Najjar |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] oyjhuxip6zxhi0ttjnxgpepqc10u7yy 0 9643 80753 2021-11-25T05:17:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053154258|Garth Breytenbach]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Garth Breytenbach''' (yavutse 14 kamena 1979), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref>https://www.domestika.org/en/gbreytenbach</ref> <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2009428/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'', ''Beyond the River'' and ''Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'' . <ref>https://film.list.co.uk/listings/garth-breytenbach/</ref> <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2009428/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2009428/</ref> Yakoraga i Londres, akora umwuga wo kwakira abashyitsi. Ariko, nyuma yaje kwimurirwa mu gukina amashusho. Yize rero arangiza muri CityVarsity School of Media Studies, Cape Town. Hanyuma yize muri Creative Arts College, kugirango arangize Impamyabumenyi yo gukina Kamera.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2440022/bio</ref> == Umwuga == Ishyaka rye ryo gukina ryaje ubwo yitabiraga amakinamico i Cape Town ndetse na Festival ya Grahamstown<ref>https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/2848710</ref>. Garth yaremye Mugaragaza ye gukinira mu 1993 na benshi muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] ''mayaruka'' serial. Muri iyi filimi, yagize uruhare ruto rwa 'Jacques Venter<ref>https://hellhorror.com/movies/8-movie-6877.html</ref>'. Muri 2005, yakinnye muri mini-seri, ''Triangle'' iyobowe na Craid R Baxley. Hanyuma yakoze uruhare rukunzwe 'Pvt. Slug Skinner 'muri 2008 yerekanwe kuri videwo ya ''Starship Troopers 3: Marauder''<ref>https://gta.fandom.com/wiki/Garth_Breytenbach</ref> . Kuva mu 2014, yagaragaye kuri filimi rusange akina na ''Black Sails'' nyuma muri ''Deutschland 86'' (2018). <ref name="spling">http://www.spling.co.za/interviews/top-10-movies-with-garth-breytenbach</ref> Muri 2017, yakinnye muri mini-serie ya ''Madiba'' na firime ''Beyond The River''. Icyakora uruhare rwe rwamamaye cyane muri 2017 rwanyuze muri firime yamafirime yuburengerazuba bwa [[Afrika yepfo]] 5 ''Fingers For Marseilles'' hamwe ninshingano 'Officer De Vries'. Muri 2013, yagaragaye kuri film ''Long Walk to Freedom'' ahanganye na Idris Elba. <ref>https://en.notrecinema.com/communaute/stars/stars.php3?staridx=79697</ref> Muri 2018, yakinnye nka 'Ajax', umurwanyi w'Ubugereki muri BBC na Netflix mini-seriyeri ''Troy: Fall Of A City'' (2018).<ref>https://purplebullent.com/amy_actor/garth-breytenbach/</ref> Azwiho kandi gukina amakinamico yamateka nka ''Mandela:Long Walk to Freedom'', ''Winnie Mandela'', ''Verraaiers'' and ''Goodbye Bafana'' . Usibye uruhare rukomeye, Garth yanagaragaye mu nshingano zo gusetsa, cyane cyane muri seriveri ya ''Hammerhead TV'', irimo abakinnyi bazwi cyane Bevan Cullinan, Brendan Jack na Chris Forrest <ref>http://www.spling.co.za/interviews/top-10-movies-with-garth-breytenbach</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2020 | ''Yarezwe n'Amavubi'' | Den | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] cvf0gtkxc6rmyk925in3shmi1blvgpi 0 9644 80754 2021-11-25T06:20:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055700363|Veena Sood]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Veena Sood''' (yavutse 21 Ugushyingo), ni umuturage wa [[Kenya]] ariko uba Canada,akina filime afite Indian Punjabi mubisekuru bye. <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/veena-sood</ref> <ref>https://www4.fusionmovies.to/celebrity/3vOC3grXc9/veena-sood</ref> Veena azwi cyane mubikorwa byikinamico no gusetsa mu mwuga umaze imyaka irenga 3. <ref name="poddtoppen">https://poddtoppen.se/podcast/1457938433/the-yvr-screen-scene-podcast/episode-eighteen-veena-sood </ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Yavutse ku ya 21 Ugushyingo i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]]. Se yari umuganga na nyina, umuforomo. <ref name="yvrscreenscene">https://www.yvrscreenscene.com/home/2018/5/31/improvising-life-with-veena-sood </ref> Igihe yari afite imyaka 7, bimukiye muri [[Kanada]]. Afite imyaka 16, yarangije amashuri yisumbuye nyuma afite imyaka 20, arangiza kaminuza afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi. == Ubuzima bwite == Murumuna we Manoj Sood nawe ni umukinnyi, mugihe murumuna we mubyara we Ashwin Sood (mbere yashakanye numuririmbyi uzwi cyane Sarah McLachlan ) numucuranzi. <ref>https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sarah-mclachlan-splits-from-indian-husband-1189547</ref> Umwishywa we Kama Sood ni umukinnyi wa firime ufite icyicaro i Vancouver, BC. <ref name="behindthevoiceactors">https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Veena-Sood/ </ref> Yashakanye na J. Johnson ku ya 30 Kanama 2008. == Umwuga == Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi mu bijyanye n’ikinamico rya Drama, Veena yafashije mu gushinga 'Loose Moose Theatre Company' ya Calgary hamwe na shebuja Improv Keith Johnstone, nyuma aza gukorana na Vancouver TheatreSports League. <ref name="yvrscreenscene">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.yvrscreenscene.com/home/2018/5/31/improvising-life-with-veena-sood "Improvising life with Veena Sood"]. yvrscreenscene<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu 1991, yatsindiye igihembo cya Jessie kubera ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa kubera uruhare rwe muri Green Thumb Theatre ikina ''2 B Wut UR'' . Mu mwaka wa 2006, yahawe igihembo cya Leo kubera Abashyitsi bitwaye neza n’Umugore muri Dramatic Series <ref name="Lyon 2016">https://www.nsnews.com/local-arts/leo-awards-gala-rolls-out-the-red-carpet-3033659</ref> yatsindiye kubera 'Preety' mu gice cya Godiva cyitwa ''Flipping Switches'' . <ref name="behindthevoiceactors">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/Veena-Sood/ "VEENA SOOD: Birth Place: Nairobi, Kenya"]. Behind The Voice Actors<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yagaragaye muri firime nyinshi; Imagine Entertainment's ''Wedding Season'', ''Welcome to Marwen'' (Robert Zemeckis), Corner Office, ''The X-Files'', ''BattleStar Galactica'', ''Caprica'', ''Stargate'', ''Away'', ''Peacemaker'', ''Lucifer'', ''A Million Little Things,'' na firime nyinshi za tereviziyo<ref>https://www.girl.com.au/celebrities/veena-sood.htm</ref>. Afite impano mubikorwa bye byo gusetsa, Mu mwaka wa 2006, yakinnye muri filime ''Nina's Heavenly Delights'' aho avugana n’imvugo ya Scottish / Ubuhinde<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0435706/characters/nm0814552</ref>. Hagati aho, yagaragaye kuri tereviziyo y'Abanyamerika, cyane cyane kuri filimi 3 zikurikirana za siyanse yo muri [[Amerika]] y'Amajyaruguru: ''X-Files'' mu 1993, ''Stargate SG-1'' mu 1997 na ''Smallville'' mu 2001. Uruhare rwe muri filime ''Touch of Pink'', yakiriwe neza muri Festival ya Sundance<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-veena-sood-suleka-mathew-touch-of-pink-2004-31193166.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.moviestillsdb.com/movies/touch-of-pink-i374277/42vqrC</ref> Akenshi avugwa nkumukinnyi wikinamico wamamaye wakinnye muri firime zizwi nka ''The Accused'', ''Loyalties'', ''The Women of Marwen''. . Yitwaye neza kandi muri serivise za tereviziyo: : ''Ghost Wars'', ''The Indian Detective'', ''Corner Gas'' ''Animated'' ndetse no murubuga rwa ''Yoga Town'' . <ref name="yvrscreenscene">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.yvrscreenscene.com/home/2018/5/31/improvising-life-with-veena-sood "Improvising life with Veena Sood"]. yvrscreenscene<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref>https://mubi.com/films/the-indian-detective/cast</ref> Yakiriye icyubahiro cyinshi muri Alliance ya Sinema yo muri Kanada, Televiziyo na Radiyo harimo igihembo cya Lorena Gale Woman Of Distinction Award mu Gushyingo 2017 ndetse n’igihembo cya Sam Payne kubera uruhare mu bantu no kuba inyangamugayo mu 2014. Muri 2019 yahawe igihembo n'ikigega gishinzwe ubuhanzi ku nkombe y'Amajyaruguru (FANS) igihembo cy'umuhanzi w'icyubahiro kubera kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu ikinamico. <ref name="poddtoppen">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://poddtoppen.se/podcast/1457938433/the-yvr-screen-scene-podcast/episode-eighteen-veena-sood "Episode Eighteen: Veena Sood"]. poddtoppen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref>https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/courier-archive/general-archive/veena-sood-honours-metoo-movement-in-ubcpactra-award-speech-3062354</ref> == Amashusho == === Amafirime afatanyije nabandi<ref>https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-08-13-0408130304-story.html</ref><ref>https://www.timeout.com/movies/ninas-heavenly-delights</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/30/movies/30nina.html</ref> === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |1983 |''Do Kinare'' | |- |1986 |''[[:en:Loyalties_(1986_film)|Loyalties]]'' |Sima |- |1988 |''[[:en:The_Accused_(1988_film)|The Accused]]'' |Woman Orderly |- |1989 |''[[:en:Immediate_Family_(film)|Immediate Family]]'' |Admitting Nurse |- |1994 |''[[:en:Intersection_(1994_film)|Intersection]]'' |Intern |- |1994 |''[[:en:The_NeverEnding_Story_III|The NeverEnding Story III]]'' |Sales Lady |- |1994 |''[[:en:Timecop|Timecop]]'' |Nurse |- |1994 |''The Surgeon'' |Doctor in Dialysis |- |1998 |''[[:en:Wrongfully_Accused|Wrongfully Accused]]'' |Nurse |- |1999 |''[[:en:Better_Than_Chocolate|Better Than Chocolate]]'' |Religious Zealot |- |2002 |''[[:en:Life_or_Something_Like_It|Life or Something Like It]]'' |Doctor |- |2003 |''[[:en:Final_Destination_2|Final Destination 2]]'' |ER Nurse |- |2004 |''[[:en:Touch_of_Pink|Touch of Pink]]'' |Dolly |- |2004 |''[[:en:Connie_and_Carla|Connie and Carla]]'' |Mrs. Morse |- |2005 |''[[:en:Two_for_the_Money_(2005_film)|Two for the Money]]'' |G.A. Hostess |- |2006 |''[[:en:The_Butterfly_Effect_2|The Butterfly Effect 2]]'' |Nurse |- |2006 |''[[:en:Nina's_Heavenly_Delights|Nina's Heavenly Delights]]'' |Suman Shah |- |2009 |''[[:en:Helen_(2009_film)|Helen]]'' |Defense Attorney |- |2009 |''[[:en:Possession_(2009_film)|Possession]]'' |Dr. Katz |- |2009 |''[[:en:Endgame_(2009_film)|Endgame]]'' |Barbara Stillwell |- |2011 |''[[:en:50/50_(2011_film)|50/50]]'' |Nurse Stewart |- |2014 |''Grace: The Possession'' |Doctor |- |2015 |''[[:en:Numb_(2015_film)|Numb]]'' |Dr. Reese |- |2017 |''[[:en:Downsizing_(film)|Downsizing]]'' |Leisureland Housewife |- |2018 |''[[:en:The_Package_(2018_film)|The Package]]'' |Mrs. Abelar |- |2018 |''[[:en:Welcome_to_Marwen|Welcome to Marwen]]'' |Judge Martha J. Harter |- |2021 |''[[:en:Corner_Office_(film)|Corner Office]]'' |Psychiatrist |- |TBD |''[[:en:Wedding_Season|Wedding Season]]'' |Suneeta |- |TBD |''Statutory Violence 2'' |Mommy Durango |} === Filime zo murugo === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |1987 |''[[:en:Barbie_and_the_Rockers:_Out_of_This_World|Barbie and the Rockers: Out of This World]]'' | |- |1990 |''[[:en:Memories_of_Murder_(1990_film)|Memories of Murder]]'' |Dr. Kahn |- |1992 |''Sexual Advances'' |Rosalie |- |1992 |''[[:en:Still_Not_Quite_Human|Still Not Quite Human]]'' |Autograph Woman |- |1993 |''Relentless: Mind of a Killer'' |New York Reporter |- |1993 |''Other Women's Children'' |Mrs. Jindal |- |1994 |''Heart of a Child'' |Nurse Adjani |- |1994 |''[[:en:Seasons_of_the_Heart_(1994_film)|Seasons of the Heart]]'' | |- |1996 |''Have You Seen My Son'' |Sally |- |1996 |''Justice on Wheels: The Diana Kilmury Story'' |Office Worker |- |1997 |''Their Second Chance'' |Talk Show Host |- |1997 |''Medusa's Child'' |Siri Markham |- |2000 |''[[:en:List_of_Showtime_original_programming|Ratz]]'' |Donna Kornbalm |- |2001 |''Love and Treason'' |Dr. Siddig |- |2001 |''[[:en:Class_Warfare_(film)|Class Warfare]]'' |Maria |- |2001 |''The Heart Department'' |Anesthesiologist |- |2002 |''Jinnah - On Crime: Pizza 911'' |Poonam |- |2002 |''[[:en:Living_with_the_Dead_(film)|Living with the Dead]]'' |Mrs. Morse, School Teacher |- |2002 |''Damaged Care'' |Maternity Nurse |- |2002 |''[[:en:Mr._St._Nick|Mr. St. Nick]]'' |Mrs. Sarathi |- |2003 |''Jinnah: On Crime - White Knight, Black Widow'' |Poonum |- |2003 |''A Tale of Two Wives'' |Mrs. Rich |- |2003 |''[[:en:D.C._Sniper:_23_Days_of_Fear|D.C. Sniper: 23 Days of Fear]]'' |Sylvia Mack |- |2004 |''Chasing Freedom'' |Adeena |- |2005 |''[[:en:Murder_Unveiled|Murder Unveiled]]'' |Magistrate |- |2006 |''[[:en:The_Time_Tunnel|The Time Tunnel]]'' |Medical Tech |- |2007 |''Secrets of an Undercover Wife'' |Bracken |- |2007 |''Nightmare'' |Admitting Nurse |- |2008 |''[[:en:Barbie_&_the_Diamond_Castle|Barbie & the Diamond Castle]]'' |Sparkles / Lily (voice) |- |2009 |''[[:en:Compulsion_(2009_film)|Compulsion]]'' |Shriya, Anjika's mother |- |2009 |''The B Team'' |Janet Brown |- |2012 |''Finding Mrs. Claus'' |Principal |- |2014 |''[[:en:A_Fairly_Odd_Summer|A Fairly Odd Summer]]'' |Anti-Fairy Councilman (voice) |- |2014 |''Honor Student'' |Dr. Morani |- |2014 |''Buried Secrets'' |Det. Joan Mueller |- |2015 |''A Gift of Miracles'' |Dr. Reed |- |2015 |''[[:en:If_There_Be_Thorns_(film)|If There Be Thorns]]'' |Dr. Phillips |- |2015 |''Sugar Babies'' |Professor Paula Hickman |- |2015 |''Just in Time for Christmas'' |Josie |- |2018 |''Love at First Dance'' |Sophia |- |2018 |''Reunited at Christmas'' |Victoria |- |2018 |''Christmas Lost and Found'' |Devi |- |2019 |''[[:en:My_Little_Pony:_Rainbow_Roadtrip|My Little Pony: Rainbow Roadtrip]]'' |Mrs. Hoofington (voice) |- |2020 |''Sleeping with Danger'' |Detective Brooks |- |2021 |''V.C. Andrews' Ruby'' |Dr. Cheryl |} === Televiziyo<ref>https://mubi.com/films/the-indian-detective/cast</ref> === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Roles !Episodes |- |1986 |''[[:en:The_Little_Vampire_(TV_series)|The Little Vampire]]'' | | |- |1989 |''[[:en:Booker_(TV_series)|Booker]]'' |Donna | |- |1989 |''[[:en:21_Jump_Street|21 Jump Street]]'' |Nurse Mrs. Brown Dr. Frick |"Loc'd Out: Part 1" "Out of Control" "Unfinished Business" |- |1992 |''[[:en:Northwood_(TV_series)|Northwood]]'' | |"Episode #2.9" "Night Moves" |- |1992–1995 |''[[:en:The_Commish|The Commish]]'' |Delivery Room Nurse Lab Technician Lab Technician |"A Time to Be Born" "Father Image: Part 1" "Father Image: Part 2" |- |1994 |''[[:en:Madison_(TV_series)|Madison]]'' |Ms. Bowen |"Learning Curves" |- |1995 |''[[:en:University_Hospital_(TV_series)|University Hospital]]'' |Dr. Sherwood |"You Can Run" |- |1995 |''[[:en:The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)|The Outer Limits]]'' |Dr. Katzman |"The New Breed" |- |1995 |''[[:en:Highlander:_The_Series|Highlander]]'' |Shandra Devane |"The Wrath of Kali" "Leader of the Pack" |- |1997 |''[[:en:Two_(TV_series)|Two]]'' |Jennie |"The Reckoning" |- |1997 |''Super Dave's All Stars'' |Dancing Lady | |- |1998 |''[[:en:Walt_Disney_anthology_television_series|The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' |Reviewer |"Principal Takes a Holiday" |- |1998 |''[[:en:Mercy_Point|Mercy Point]]'' |Sharon Tennant |"New Arrivals" |- |1998 |''[[:en:Welcome_to_Paradox|Welcome to Paradox]]'' |Faith |"Options" |- |1999 |''[[:en:Cold_Feet_(series_2)|Cold Feet]]'' |Saleswoman |"Pilot" |- |1999–2000 |''[[:en:Hope_Island_(TV_series)|Hope Island]]'' |Callie Pender |Series regular; 22 episodes |- |2001 |''[[:en:Dark_Angel_(American_TV_series)|Dark Angel]]'' |Female Doctor |"...And Jesus Brought a Casserole" |- |2001 |''[[:en:Mysterious_Ways_(TV_series)|Mysterious Ways]]'' |Nurse |"Episode 29" |- |2000–2001 |''You, Me and the Kids'' |Mrs. Singh |"Mixed Dating" "Suicide" "Suicide Prevention" |- |1999–2002 |''[[:en:Cold_Squad|Cold Squad]]'' |Mrs. Hadawi Anita |"First Deadly Sin" "Ambleton" |- |2002 |''[[:en:Breaking_News_(TV_series)|Breaking News]]'' |Claire Lippman |"Hi, Noonan" |- |2003 |''[[:en:Just_Cause_(TV_series)|Just Cause]]'' |Attorney Veena Tuttle |"Dream House" |- |2004 |''[[:en:The_L_Word|The L Word]]'' |Reporter |"Locked Up" |- |2004 |''[[:en:Touching_Evil_(American_TV_series)|Touching Evil]]'' |OSC Agent Sattrah |"Memorial" "K" |- |2005 |''[[:en:The_Eleventh_Hour_(Canadian_TV_series)|The Eleventh Hour]]'' |Mrs. Nair |"A Virgin Walks Into a Bar" |- |2000–2005 |''[[:en:Da_Vinci's_Inquest|Da Vinci's Inquest]]'' |Madam Justice Mishra Councilor Joyce Simkins Interim Mayor Joyce Simkins |"Bring Back the Dead" "Ride a Crippled Horse" "Must Be a Night for Fires" |- |2005 |''[[:en:Smallville_(season_4)|Smallville]]'' |Schoolteacher |"Spirit" "Forever" |- |2005 |''[[:en:Killer_Instinct_(TV_series)|Killer Instinct]]'' |Elizabeth Michaels |"Die Like an Egyptian" |- |2003–2006 |''[[:en:Stargate_SG-1|Stargate SG-1]]'' |Dr. Kelly |"Full Circle" "Stronghold" |- |2006 |''[[:en:Godiva's|Godiva's]]'' |Preety |Supportive role; 6 episodes |- |2006 |''[[:en:Whistler_(TV_series)|Whistler]]'' |Patricia |"Fallen" "Out of the Shadows" |- |2007 |''[[:en:Falcon_Beach|Falcon Beach]]'' |Mrs. Haddad |"After the Fall" "The Spins" |- |2007 |''[[:en:Masters_of_Science_Fiction|Masters of Science Fiction]]'' |Dr. Kashani |"The Awakening" |- |2008 |''[[:en:Kyle_XY|Kyle XY]]'' |C.I.R. Tech |"To C.I.R., with Love" |- |2008 |''[[:en:Robson_Arms|Robson Arms]]'' |Charlotte |"No Sex in the City" "Baby? What Baby?" |- |2008–2009 |''[[:en:Battlestar_Galactica_(season_4)|Battlestar Galactica]]'' |Quorum Delegate |"[[:en:Sine_Qua_Non_(Battlestar_Galactica)|Sine Qua Non]]" "[[:en:A_Disquiet_Follows_My_Soul|A Disquiet Follows My Soul]]" "[[:en:The_Oath_(Battlestar_Galactica)|The Oath]]" "[[:en:Blood_on_the_Scales|Blood on the Scales]]" |- |2009 |''[[:en:Caprica|Caprica]]'' |Secretary of Defense Joan Leyte |"Pilot" |- |2009 |''[[:en:The_Assistants|The Assistants]]'' |Mrs. Nidalu |"The Morning After" |- |2009 |''[[:en:Fringe_(TV_series)|Fringe]]'' |HR Head |"Earthling" |- |2009 |''[[:en:V_(2009_TV_series)|V]]'' |V Physician |"It's Only the Beginning" |- |2010 |''[[:en:Life_Unexpected|Life Unexpected]]'' |Ms. Jennings |"Honeymoon Interrupted" "Homecoming Crashed" |- |2010 |''Always a Bridesmaid'' |Blaga |"Knocked Up" "My Gay Husband" "So Hippie Together" "Two to Tango" |- |2011 |''[[:en:Little_Mosque_on_the_Prairie|Little Mosque on the Prairie]]'' |Mrs. Rashid |"Five Year Plan" "Lord of the Ring" "Amaar's Well That Ends Well" |- |2011 |''[[:en:Endgame_(TV_series)|Endgame]]'' |Barbara Stillwell |Series regular; 13 episodes |- |2011 |''[[:en:The_Big_Year|The Big Year]]'' |Nurse Katie | |- |2011 |''Om Inc.'' |Suzanne |"Meet the Staff" "Inappropriate Touching" |- |2012 |''[[:en:Saving_Hope|Saving Hope]]'' |Deepha |"Consenting Adults" |- |2012 |''Dr. Bob's House'' |Jean Patel | |- |2012 |''[[:en:Emily_Owens,_M.D.|Emily Owens, M.D.]]'' |Mrs. Garang |"Emily and... the Predator" |- |2012 |''Yoga Town'' |Neela |Series regular; 11 episodes |- |2013 |''[[:en:Baby_Sellers|Baby Sellers]]'' |Noureen | |- |2014 |''[[:en:Bates_Motel_(TV_series)|Bates Motel]]'' |Dr. Elizabeth J. Schaefer |"Shadow of a Doubt" |- |2014 |''[[:en:My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic|My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]'' |Ms. Harshwhinny |"Games Ponies Play" "Flight to the Finish" "Equestria Games" |- |2014 |''[[:en:Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_(TV_series)|Signed, Sealed, Delivered]]'' |Mrs. Hinkle |"The Future Me" |- |2014 |''[[:en:Lucky_7_(TV_series)|Lucky 7]]'' |Nasrin Lashari |"Cable Guy" "Gold Star, Inc." |- |2015 |''[[:en:IZombie_(TV_series)|iZombie]]'' |Marcy's Mother |"The Exterminator" |- |2015 |''[[:en:Mistresses_(American_TV_series)|Mistresses]]'' |Phyllis |"Gone Girl" "I'll Be Watching You" |- |2015 |''[[:en:The_Whispers_(TV_series)|The Whispers]]'' |Margaret Cohen-Rogers |"Homesick" |- |2009–2016 |''[[:en:Supernatural_(American_TV_series)|Supernatural]]'' |Dr. Aldrich Principal Ramirez |"[[:en:Supernatural_(season_5)|The Curious Case of Dean Winchester]]" "Don't You Forget About Me" |- |1993–2016 |''[[:en:The_X-Files|The X-Files]]'' |Ms. Saunders Dr. Louise Colquitt |"[[:en:Shadows_(The_X-Files)|Shadows]]" "[[:en:Home_Again_(The_X-Files)|Home Again]]" |- |2016 |''[[:en:Motive_(TV_series)|Motive]]'' |Principal Shirley Davidson |"The Dead Hand" |- |2016 |''[[:en:Chesapeake_Shores|Chesapeake Shores]]'' |Judge Ruth Rogers |"We're Gaining a Daughter" |- |2016 |''[[:en:No_Tomorrow_(TV_series)|No Tomorrow]]'' |Amita |"No Debts Remain Unpaid" |- |2016 |''[[:en:Lucifer_(TV_series)|Lucifer]]'' |Eleanor Bloom |"Homewrecker" |- |2017 |''[[:en:Frequency_(TV_series)|Frequency]]'' |Therapist |"The Edison Effect" |- |2017 |''[[:en:You_Me_Her|You Me Her]]'' |Fertility Counselor |"Weird Janis and the White Trash Baby Vessel" |- |2017 |''Android Employed'' |Mrs. Cornell |"Community" |- |2017–2018 |''[[:en:Ghost_Wars_(TV_series)|Ghost Wars]]'' |Nadine Mercer |"The Curse of Copperhead Road" "Whistle Past the Graveyard" "Two Graves" "...My Soul to Keep" |- |2018 |''[[:en:Life_Sentence_(TV_series)|Life Sentence]]'' |Alex Shugren |"The Way We Work" |- |2018 |''[[:en:Take_Two_(TV_series)|Take Two]]'' |Judge Payne |"Smoking Gun" |- |2018 |''[[:en:Salvation_(TV_series)|Salvation]]'' |Dr. Kandhari |"Crimes and Punishment" "Abre Sus Ojos" "The Manchurian Candidate" "Prisoners" |- |2018 |''[[:en:16_Hudson|16 Hudson]]'' |Shamila |"Toothbrush #3" "You Snooze You Lose" "Earth To Amala" "Pet Test' |- |2019 |''[[:en:Riverdale_(2017_TV_series)|Riverdale]]'' |Headmistress Patricia |"Chapter Forty-Seven: Bizarrodale" |- |2019 |''[[:en:The_Murders|The Murders]]'' |Prisha Sharma |"Queen of Hearts' |- |2019 |''[[:en:Charmed_(2018_TV_series)|Charmed]]'' |Amita Chandra |"Past Is Present" |- |2020 |''[[:en:Nancy_Drew_(2019_TV_series)|Nancy Drew]]'' |Dr. Sandoe Emma Sandoe |"The Girl in the Locket" "The Clue in the Captain's Painting" |- |2020 |''[[:en:The_Twilight_Zone_(2019_TV_series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' |Jill |"The Who of You" |- |2020 |''[[:en:Away_(TV_series)|Away]]'' |IRSO Head Meera Patel |"Negative Return" "Excellent Chariots" "Vital Signs" "Spektr" "Home" |- |2020 |''[[:en:A_Million_Little_Things|A Million Little Things]]'' |Nurse Shayna |"Hit & Run" |- |2018–2020 |''[[:en:Corner_Gas_Animated|Corner Gas Animated]]'' |Rheena |Supportive role; 14 episodes |- |2020 |''[[:en:Loudermilk_(TV_series)|Loudermilk]]'' |Female Judge |"Hit Me Baby One More Time" |- |2021 |''[[:en:Home_Before_Dark_(TV_series)|Home Before Dark]]'' |Dr. Singh |"Fighting His Ghost" |- |TBD |''[[:en:Children_Ruin_Everything|Children Ruin Everything]]'' |Nisha |Supportive role; 5 episodes |} === Filime ngufi === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |2002 |''Jane Post'' |Meditation Voice |- |2016 |''A Bicycle Lesson'' | |- |2016 |''Meet Cute'' |Mona |- |2017 |''Reel Women Seen'' |Nurse |- |2018 |''The Ride Home'' |Carla |- |2018 |''Little Oliver'' |Dr. Mehta |- |TBD |''Carried Away'' |Aliza |- |TBD |''Send the Rain'' |Dawn |} === Imikino yo kuri videwo === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |2015 |''[[:en:Invisible,_Inc.|Invisible, Inc.]]'' |Olivia Gladstone (voice) |- |2017 |''[[:en:Thimbleweed_Park|Thimbleweed Park]]'' |Natalie (voice) |} === Mini TV serial === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Roles |- |1999 |''[[:en:Aftershock:_Earthquake_in_New_York|Aftershock: Earthquake in New York]]'' |City Official |- |2003 |''[[:en:First_to_Die|First to Die]]'' |Dr. Veena Yandro |- |2004 |''[[:en:Human_Cargo|Human Cargo]]'' |Sangita Desai |- |2017 |''[[:en:The_Indian_Detective|The Indian Detective]]'' |Malika |- |2018 |''[[:en:Darrow_&_Darrow|Darrow & Darrow]]'' |D.A. Ruth Ashland |- |2020 |''[[:en:The_Stand_(2020_miniseries)|The Stand]]'' |Dr. Biswas |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y' epfo]] pfzlpetnbbre3s2xjbmlsji5n91tt65 0 9645 80755 2021-11-25T06:34:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/987064115|Fadia Stella]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fadia Stella''' (yavutse 30 Ukuboza 1974), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] . <ref>https://www.cinema.de/stars/star/fadia-stella,4618160,ApplicationStar.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime Caramel (film) na ''Déjà mort'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/191239.html</ref> <ref>https://www.playbuzz.com/naijcom10/these-world-famous-actors-actually-are-of-kenyan-descent</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 30 Ukuboza 1974 i [[Nairobi]], muri Kenya. <ref>https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-1250498/fadia-stella-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1998, yakinnye bwa mbere muri filime ''Déjà mort'' afite uruhare ruto nka 'inshuti ya Alain'. Nyuma muri 2007, yakinnye cyane muri firime ''Caramel'' . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bdad0cc03</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 20 Gicurasi muri 2007 Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes mu gice cy’abayobozi ba Fortnight. <ref>http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=4&Article_id=81639</ref> Nyuma, film yakinnye no muri ''Caméra d'Or'' . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090515162955/http://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/films/14103/Caramel.html</ref> Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi ikwirakwizwa mu bihugu birenga 40. <ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/caramel/</ref> <ref>http://www.metacritic.com/movie/caramel</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1998 | ''Déjà mort'' | Inshuti ya Alain kwa David | Filime |- | 2007 | ''Caramel'' | Christine | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] pfqqpt1drnjh3ix2qg9efcrpd7ylbvh 0 9646 80756 2021-11-25T06:51:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033767547|Ruth Ndulu Maingi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Ndulu Maingi''' (yavutse 22 Gicurasi 1983), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] . <ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/54762-ruth-maingi-ex-ktn-actor-who-was-conned-twice-house-hunting-video</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[18 Hours|18 hours]]'',''The Distant Boat'' na ''Midlife Crisis''<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/18_Hours</ref> . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1983 i Machakos, muri Kenya nk'uwa kane mu muryango hamwe na bavandimwe be batandatu. <ref name="SPLA">http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ruth-ndulu-maingi-salome.42819.html</ref> Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kathiani na Township School Primary School i Machakos . Yarangije impamyabumenyi mu bwishingizi nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="standardmedia">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/amp/article/2000121454/fashion-forward-actress</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo kubyina. Ariko, nyuma yaje kwimukira mu buhanzi kugira ngo akore umwuga maze yinjira mu ishuri ry’imyidagaduro ry’igihugu cya [[Kenya]] imyaka ibiri. Muri 2007, yinjiye mu bitaramo bya Kigezi Ndoto. Hanyuma muri 2008, yimukiye mu Buhinde ''akinira'' ''Sauti Kimya'' na Githaa. Muri 2011 yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime na ''Marshal yo muri Finlande'' <ref>https://thecitizenng.com/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-makes-nollywood-debut/</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yatoranijwe kugira ngo ayobore muri televiziyo ''Lies that Bind'', byatangiye kuri televiziyo. Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye 'Salome', umugore wa gatatu n'urukundo nyarwo rwa Richard Juma, n'umugore wa gatatu<ref>https://www.wordaz.com/Maingi.html</ref>. Noneho muri 2013, yakinnye mu ikinamico izwi cyane ya Swahili ''Mama Duka'' afite uruhare runini<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/ruth-maingi</ref>. Ku ruhare rwe, yaje guhabwa icyubahiro muri 2014 Magic Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014 . Yagize uruhare runini nk'umutoza muri serivise ya tereviziyo ''The Team'', hamwe na Media Focus kuri Afrika yakozwe na Dreamcatcher<ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/c6f54332d15718eb80f076450095f8be </ref>. Muri 2014, yakinnye muri firime ebyiri: ''The Next African Film Maker'' na ''Orphan'' . Muri 2018, yakinnye bwa mbere muri Nollywood muri firime ''Family First'' iyobowe na Lancelot Imasuen<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-gets-her-nollywood-calling/</ref> . <ref>https://thecitizenng.com/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-makes-nollywood-debut/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2012 |''The Marshal of Finland'' |Maria |Film |- |2013 |''Mama Duka'' |Mama Duka |TV Series short |- |2013 |''The Distant Boat'' |Ruth Malombe |Film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Fundi-Mentals|Fundi-Mentals]]'' | |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:18_Hours|18 Hours]]'' | |Film |- |2018 |''Family First'' | |Film |- |2019 |''The System'' |Rachel |TV Series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Lies_that_Bind|Lies that Bind]]'' |Salome |TV Series |- |2020 |''Midlife Crisis'' |Gigi, Stylist |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] jgqj5r1zp2vgkj0tgt5ksan2bvubmxk 0 9647 80757 2021-11-25T07:18:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1051615069|Anthony Oseyemi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Oluwakayode Oseyemi''' (yavutse 17 Mutarama 1977), ni umwongereza akaba umukinnyi [[Afurika y’Epfo|wa filimi muri Afurika yepfo ukomoka]] muri Nigeriya. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/anthony-oseyemi/filmografie</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri firime na teleserial ''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'', ''[[:en:Mordene_i_Kongo|The Congo Murders]]'' and ''Isidingo''. .<ref>https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actor/anthony-oseyemi-biography-age-parents-wife-net-worth-wikipedia-agent-cast-movies-height-girlfriend/</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umwanditsi, umucuranzi na producer. <ref>https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/exclusive-interview-with-anthony-oseyemi/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Mutarama 1977 mu [[Bwongereza]] mu muryango wa [[Nigeriya]]. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]]. yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Londere y'Amajyaruguru . Yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu Bwongereza. Amaze kwiga, yasubiye mur[[i Afurika y'Epfo]] arahatura. <ref name="oseyami">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=5416</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybiography.com/anthony-oseyemi/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina kuri stage mu rwego rwo gukinisha urubyiruko rwa Lewisham<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?bio_author=Anthony+Oluwakayode+Oseyemi</ref>. Hanyuma yakoze ibitaramo byingirakamaro kumugezi murwego rwo kwerekana imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Londres. Yakinnye kandi muri Tricycle theatre na Albany hamwe na Project Phakama. Hagati aho, yagize uruhare runini mu ikinamico ''Amen Corner'' yakozwe na James Baldwin.<ref>https://stringfixer.com/nl/Anthony_Oseyemi</ref> Yafatanije kandi gukina ''Performance'' hamwe na Multi media production aho yanagize uruhare. Muri kiriya gihe, yanagize uruhare mu bashyitsi kuri televiziyo nka ITV ya ''The Bill'' (2003) ndetse n'ikinamico ry'ubuvuzi rya ''Holby City'' (2005). Kuva 2002 kugeza 2003, yagize uruhare rugaruka muri serie ''Is Harry On the Boat?'' no muri 2005, yakinnye umushyitsi mugice cyiswe "Viva Liberty" murukurikirane ''rwurwenya Coming Up'' kuri seri ya 4<ref>https://thenation.co.za/bio/anthony-oseyemi-biography/</ref>. Nyuma kubona arts impamyabumenyi ye Performing, akora inshingano iya mbere mu filimi nyinshi harimo: ''Jacobs musaraba,'' ''Room 9,'' ''Traffick'' na ''Isidingo.'' Yakinnye kandi muri seri,, ''Wild at heart'', ''The runaway'', ''Strike back'', and ''The Book of Negroes''. Muri 2012, yagaragaye mugice cya e.tv ya antologiya ya ''Mzansi Urukundo: Ekasi Style'' <ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/people-from-alexandra-gauteng</ref>. Muri 2017, yakinnye cyane muri 'Congo' muri filime ''<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Five Fingers for Marseilles" class="cx-link" data-linkid="76">Five Fingers for Marseilles</a>'' muri [[Afurika yepfo]] y’iburengerazuba bwa Marseilles iyobowe na Michael Matthews . Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa mu gice cya Discovery mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2017 kandi ryishimiwe cyane. <ref>http://www.thewrap.com/toronto-film-festival-adds-international-films-angelina-jolie-javier-bardem/</ref> Hagati aho, yanakinnye muri comedi y'urukundo ''Hectors Search for Happiness'', hanyuma muri Amerika yerekana amashusho ''<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAL_Team_8:_Behind_Enemy_Lines" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines" class="cx-link" data-linkid="81">Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines</a> '.''<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/247182-anthony-oseyemi</ref> Usibye gukina, yanditse kandi ibiganiro bya tereviziyo ya [[Afrika yepfo]] ''Tempy Pushas'' kuri SABC 1. Hanyuma yanditse urukurikirane rw'icyumba ''cya 9'' rumuha ibihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo bya Afurika y'Epfo muri 2014 ndetse anaba umunyamuryango wa mbere. <ref>https://reportrsa.com/anthony-oseyemi-biography/</ref> == Amashusho <ref>https://media.dream13.com/five-fingers-for-marseilles-2017/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2002 |''Palindrome r.s.s.r.'' |Matthew |Short film | |- |2003 |''The Bill'' |Jimmy Gardener |TV Series | |- |2003 |''Is Harry on the Boat?'' |Jamie Williams |TV Series | |- |2004 |''Holly - Bolly'' |Obi |Short film | |- |2005 |''Holby City'' |Scott Hill |TV Series | |- |2005 |''Last Rights'' |Jameel |TV Mini-Series | |- |2005 |''Coming Up'' |Jeffery |TV Series | |- |2007 |''Mein Traum von Afrika'' |Sammeltaxifahrer |TV Movie | |- |2007 |''Flood'' |Coughian |Car Park Man | |- |2007 |''Mein Herz in Afrika'' |Goodman |TV Movie | |- |2008 |''Shooting Stars'' |Duke |TV Series | |- |2008 |''The Experimental Witch'' |Spencer |Film | |- |2009 |''The Philanthropist'' |Hotel manager |TV Series | |- |2009 |''Natalee Holloway'' |Island Officer |TV Movie | |- |2009 |''Long Street'' |Steve |Film | |- |2009 |''Attack on Darfur'' |AU Soldier |Film | |- |2009 |''Albert Schweitzer'' |Joseph |Film | |- |2010 |''Silent Witness'' |Immigration Official |TV Series | |- |2010 |''Sweetheart'' |Honest John |Short film | |- |2011 |''Wild at Heart'' |Lungile |TV Series | |- |2011 |''The Runaway'' |Alfie |Film | |- |2012 |''Strike Back'' |Waabri |TV Series | |- |2012 |''Copposites'' |Jonathan Dube |Film | |- |2012 |''Room 9'' |Solomon Onyegu |TV Series | |- |2014 |''T-Junction'' |T |Short film | |- |2014 |''SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines'' |Jay |Film | |- |2014 |''The Salvation'' |Jefferson |Film | |- |2014 |''Dominion'' |Deck Officer |TV Series | |- |2014 |''Hector and the Search for Happiness'' |Marcel |Film | |- |2015 |''The Book of Negroes'' |Dante |TV Mini-Series | |- |2015 |''Assignment'' |Kumi Moloi |Film | |- |2016 |''Our Girl'' |Captain Osman |TV Series | |- |2017 |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' |Congo |Film | |- |2018 |''Le BadMilk'' |Orlando |TV Series | |- |2018 |''Troy: Fall of a City'' |Spartan Dignitary |TV Series | |- |2018 |''The Congo Murders'' |General Joseph Kazumba |Film | |- |2019 |''Shadow'' |Hugo Shaw |TV Series | |- |2019 |''The Red Sea Diving Resort'' |Road Block Soldier #1 |Film | |- |2019 |''Agent'' |Christopher Kilembe |TV Series | |- |2015 |''Bleeding Gospel'' |Kisuh |Short film | |- |TBD |''Like Moths to a Flame'' |Mister Bishop |Film | |- |2021 |''Gaia'' |Winston |Film | |- |2021 |''Resident Evil'' |Roth |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 90eyohgr4qrch3vkmx74mv4i4xzv7t7 0 9648 80760 2021-11-25T07:47:57Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 UWIMPUHWE Va moved page [[UWINGABIRE Solange]] to [[UWINGABE Solange]]: Editing the name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[UWINGABE Solange]] 59t4d9pv9kiyun3qt5nwoc415810bow 0 9649 80762 2021-11-25T08:25:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1024868560|Joy Alphonsus]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Österreichischer Filmpreis 2020 Preisträger Joy Alphonsus 2.jpg|thumb|'''Joy Alphonsus''']] '''Joy Anwulika Alphonsus''' (yavutse 31 Kanama 1987), uzwi cyane nka '''Joy Alphonsus''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi wavukiye muri [[Nigeriya]]. <ref>https://www.castupload.com/actors/joy-anwulika-alphonsus</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwa titre muri firime ''[[:en:Joy_(2018_film)|Joy]]'' yatsindiye ibihembo. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 31 Kanama 1987 muri Nijeriya. <ref>https://www.castupload.com/actors/joy-anwulika-alphonsus</ref> Ubu aba muri [[Ositiriya|Otirishiya]] . == Umwuga == Yagaragaye bwa mbere muri sinema muri 2018 hamwe na firime yerekana ''[[:en:Joy_(2018_film)|Joy]]'' muri Otirishiya iyobowe na Sudabeh Mortezai . <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/31/movies/joy-review.html</ref> Muri filime yakinnye umwanya wa titre. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 30 Kanama 2018 mu rwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 75 rya Venice. Filime yaje gutumirwa mu gice cya Giornate degli Autori. Filime yerekanwe kandi itangwa mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Mu Gushyingo 2018, Alphonsus yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Seville. <ref>http://www.freibeuterfilm.com/wp/best-actress-award-beim-sevilla-iff-fuer-joy-alphonsus/</ref> <ref>http://festivalcinesevilla.eu/en/news/15th-2018-seville-film-festival-awards</ref> Muri Mutarama 2019 yahawe igihembo cya Max Ophüls muri Saarbrücken kubera uruhare rwe; muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye igihembo cyo gukina Diagonale. Muri 2020, yahawe igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza wumugore muri Australiya. <ref>https://www.diagonale.at/diagonale-schauspielpreise-19/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2018 |''[[:en:Joy_(2018_film)|Joy]]'' |Joy |Film |}   [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] p2fprcc8fxr9r2iatxmjsm4l624kz1y 0 9650 80763 2021-11-25T08:32:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029204809|Aubrey Poolo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aubrey Poolo''' (yavutse 30 Ugushyingo 1976), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/mduduzi-mabaso</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'', ''[[:en:Life_Above_All|Life Above All]]'' and ''Madiba''.. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/aubrey-poolo/filmografie</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/kritiken/258443/castcrew.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 1976 i Attredgeville, umujyi wa Pretoria, [[Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango w'abanyapolitiki. Yarezwe na nyirakuru abifashijwemo n'abasaza ba Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC). <ref>https://www.monatelly.com/aubrey-poolo-on-his-upbringing-and-five-fingers-for-marseilles-role/</ref> == Umwuga == Akiri muto cyane, yinjiye muri gahunda ya tereviziyo ''Legae la bana'' . Muri 2010, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime ''[[:en:Life,_Above_All|Life, Above All]]''. Filime yerekanwe mu gice cya Un Certain Regard mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2010 . <ref>http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/11023168/year/2010.html</ref> Yatoranijwe kandi nk'iyinjira muri Afurika y'Epfo muri Filime nziza y'ururimi rw'amahanga mu bihembo bya 83 <ref>http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2010/20101013a.html</ref> hanyuma ikora urutonde rwa nyuma rwatangajwe muri Mutarama 2011. <ref name="Oscar Shortlist">http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2011/20110119.html</ref> Intsinzi ya firime, yatoranijwe muri televiziyo yo muri Amerika yo muri 2017 ya ''Madiba'' kugira ngo agire uruhare ruto. Muri 2017, yakinnye cyane 'Unathi' muri firime yo muri Afrika yepfo yuburengerazuba bwa firime yitwa ''Fingers for Marseilles'' iyobowe na Michael Matthews . Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa mu gice cya Discovery mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2017 kandi ryishimiwe cyane. <ref>http://www.thewrap.com/toronto-film-festival-adds-international-films-angelina-jolie-javier-bardem/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2010 | ''Ubuzima, Hejuru ya Byose'' | Yona | Filime | |- | 2017 | ''Madiba'' | Inkorora | TV Mini-Urukurikirane | |- | 2017 | ''Intoki eshanu kuri Marseille'' | Unathi | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] f1u2iheggpxdgbdkmascdm773brrp7o 0 9651 80764 2021-11-25T08:45:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029203736|Mduduzi Mabaso]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mduduzi Mabaso''' (yavutse 1 Mata 1976), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/mduduzi-mabaso</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime na teleserial ''Blood Diamond'', ''Machine Gun Preacher'' na ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/catching-up-with-rhythm-citys-no1-tsotsi-suffo-20200909</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1976 i Alexandra, muri Afurika y'Epfo . Yamaze imyaka 3 y'ubwana bwe muri Transkei . <ref name="briefly">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://briefly.co.za/36408-mduduzi-mabaso-biography-age-son-wife-wife-rhythm-city-movies-nominations-awards-net-worth.html "Mduduzi Mabaso biography"]. briefly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yabanje gushyingiranwa na Veronica Maseko kandi bombi bafite abana babiri. Nyuma yashakanye na mugenzi we bakina filime, Fatima Metsileng. <ref>https://www.magzter.com/article/Entertainment/Drum-English/Love-Lives-Here</ref> Mabaso yamusanze mugihe cya shampiyona ya kabiri ya ''Zone 14'' muri 2007. <ref>https://zalebs.com/relationships/mduduzi-mabaso/rhythm-citys-mduduzi-mabaso-shares-how-his-wife-made-him-believe-love-again</ref> Bashyingiwe nyuma yimyaka mike babyara abana babiri. Rero, afite abana bane: Ntokozo, Mpumi, Njabulo na Zolile. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/36408-mduduzi-mabaso-biography-age-son-wife-wife-rhythm-city-movies-nominations-awards-net-worth.html </ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1992, yagaragaye bwa mbere mu ikinamico ''Divide na Rule'' . Mu 2004, yatangiye gukina filime muri firime y'Abanyamerika ''Hotel Rwanda'' iyobowe na Terry George . Iyi filime yari ishingiye kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Rwanda]], yabaye muri mata 1994. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080430050749/http://www.boston.com/movies/display?display=movie&id=7112</ref> Hanyuma yakinnye mubikorwa byinshi byunganira muri firime, ''Catch a Fire'', ''Heartlines'' and ''Blood Diamond'' . <ref name="briefly">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://briefly.co.za/36408-mduduzi-mabaso-biography-age-son-wife-wife-rhythm-city-movies-nominations-awards-net-worth.html "Mduduzi Mabaso biography"]. briefly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yakinnye kandi mumikino yo kuri stage: ''Cry The Beloved Country'', ''Madiba’s Magic'', ''Behind the Curtains'', ''Shaka Zulu'' and ''Tasha On The Rocks'' . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=6613</ref> Muri 2006, yagize uruhare runini muri make ''Sekalli le Meokgo'' iyobowe na Tebho Mahlatsi. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236788643</ref> Iyi filime yaje guhabwa Filime ngufi nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Durban 2007. <ref>http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=3883</ref> Mu 2007, yatumiriwe gukina mu isonga kuri televiziyo yo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] ''Rhythm City'' . Yakinnye nka 'Suffocate Ndlovu'. yakoze premier yayo kuri tereviziyo yubusa kuri televiziyo e.tv ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2007. Uruhererekane rugenda rwerekanwa muri Afrika yepfo hamwe nibisobanuro byiza. Hagati aho, Mabaso yatsindiye igihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu isabune ya TV hanyuma igihembo cya Golden Horn kikaba umukinnyi mwiza muri Filime yerekana uruhare rwe 'Ndlovu' muri serial. == Amashusho<ref>https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/five-fingers-for-marseilles-south-africa-sean-drummond-michael-matthews-1201796380/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''[[:en:Hotel_Rwanda|Hotel Rwanda]]'' |Hutu Lieutenant |Film |- |2006 |''Catch a Fire'' |Security Branch Policeman |Film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Sekalli_le_Meokgo|Sekalli le Meokgo]]'' |Khotso |Short film |- |2006 |''Heartlines'' |Manyisa |Film |- |2006 |''Blood Diamond'' |Rebel 1 |Film |- |2006 |''A Place Called Home'' |Steven |TV Series |- |2007–present |''[[:en:Rhythm_City_(TV_series)|Rhythm City]]'' |Suffocate Ndlovu |TV Series |- |2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' |Marco |Film |- |2011 |''Lucky'' |Bongile |Film |- |2014 |''Security'' |Morris |Short film |- |2016 |''For Love and Broken Bones'' |Motheo |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'' |Luyanda |Film |- |TBD |''State Enemy No.1'' |Collen Chauke |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 1f7kd2w94elrdn43vwkslo726s3830p 0 9652 80765 2021-11-25T09:38:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1045546309|Amr Arafa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amr Arafa''' (yavutse 9 Ukuboza 1962), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Egiputa . <ref>https://egyptindependent.com/director-amr-arafa-concludes-shooting-men-30-sana-moqattam-scenes/</ref> Ufatwa nk'umwe mu bakora amafilime meza muri sinema yo mu Misiri, Arafa azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filime zatsindiye ibihembo bya ''Africano'', ''Zahaymar'', ''Helm Aziz'' na ''Akher Deek Fi Masr'' . <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/1049257/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Ukuboza 1962 i Cairo, mu Misiri . Se Saad Arafa nawe yari umukinnyi wa firime cyane. Saad yavutse ku ya 1 Mata 1923, apfa ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1998. Yakoze firime nyinshi zizwi mu gisekuru cye nka ''Al E'iteraf'', ''Marzooka'' na ''Demoua 'Fi Lailat El Zefaf'' . <ref>http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/35/359176/Arts--Culture/Stage--Street/Late-Egyptian-filmmaker-Saad-Arafa-honoured-on-th-.aspx</ref> Mukuru wa Amr, Sherif Arafa nawe ni umukinnyi wa firime uzwi cyane mu Misiri. Yavutse ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1960. Muri firime ze zizwi cyane harimo, ''Birds of Darkness'', ''Mafia'', ''Halim'' na ''Welad El Am'' . Mu 2005, Arafa yimukiye muri [[Amerika]] kugira ngo arangize amashuri. Hanyuma yamaze igihe kinini muri [[Amerika]] imyaka 11 mumashuri yigihe gito. Yashinze kandi isosiyete ye bwite ishinzwe imicungire y’ubucuruzi, nyuma yizeza ikarita y’icyatsi mu 2015. <ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/inspired-life/wp/2016/08/25/this-man-launched-a-website-so-people-can-invite-refugees-to-stay-in-their-homes/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wa sinema mu 1983 akurikiza inzira ya se. Mu 1991, Amr yashinze uruganda rwe bwite, FinalCut Film Production. Kuva icyo gihe, yakoze kandi ayobora firime nyinshi, iyamamaza, serivise za televiziyo na documentaire. <ref name="vimeo">https://vimeo.com/amrarafa</ref> Mu 2001, yayoboye kandi atunganya filime ye ya mbere ya ''Africano'' . Iyi filime yafatiwe muri Afurika y'Epfo kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2001 mu Misiri. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma ikerekanwa mu bihugu bya Afurika byegeranye ndetse no mu [[Burayi]]. Muri Koweti, iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2001 mu gihe mu Bugereki, yasohotse muri Archive Film Archive ku ya 28 Gashyantare 2012. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0290402/</ref><ref>http://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/television-and-radio/2014/07/12/Saraya-Abdeen.html</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda filime yumukobwa, yakomeje gukora umwuga wo kuyobora neza muri firime: ''Akher Deek Fi Masr'' (2017), ''Men 30 Sana'' (2016), Urukurikirane rwa TV ''Saraya Abdeen'' (2015), ''Abu El Nil'' (2013), ''Helm Aziz'' ( 2011), ''Zahaymar'' (2010), ''Ibin el-Qunsul'' (2009), ''El Shabah'' (2008), ''Gaaltany Mogreman'' (2006) na ''El Sefara Fel Emara'' (2004). <ref name="vimeo">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://vimeo.com/amrarafa "Amr Arafa films"]. vimeo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref>https://www.elcinema.com/en/work/wk1872179/review/</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://elcinema.com/en/work/1010145/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2001 |''[[:en:Africano_(2001_film)|Africano]]'' |Director |Film |- |2004 |''El Sefara Fel Emara'' |Director |Film |- |2005 |''[[:en:The_Embassy_in_the_Building|The Embassy in the Building]]'' |Director |Film |- |2006 |''She Made Me a Criminal'' |Director |Film |- |2007 |''The Ghost'' |Director |Film |- |2008 |''El Shabah'' |Director |Film |- |2010 |''[[:en:Alzheimer's_(film)|Zahaymar]]'' |Director |Film |- |2011 |''Ibn el-Qunsul'' |Director |Film |- |2012 |''Helm Aziz'' |Director |Film |- |2013 |''Samir Abu el-Nil'' |Director |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:Saraya_Abdeen|Saraya Abdeen]]'' |Director |TV Series |- |2016 |''[[:en:30_Years_Ago|Men 30 Sana]]'' |Director |Film |- |2017 |''Akher Deek Fi Masr'' |Director |Film |- |2017 |''Lamei Al Qott'' |Director |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 1o4rv6jk8cyfeglev9qyilk1nvese9a 0 9653 80766 2021-11-25T10:07:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056342309|Likarion Wainaina]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Likarion Wainaina''' (yavutse 20 Kanama 1987), ni [[Uburusiya|umuRussiya]] uturuka [[Kenya]] ukina filimi . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filimi ngufi izwi cyane ''Between the Lines'' na ''Bait'' ndetse na filime ya [[Kenya]] yahawe ibihembo byinshi mu mateka, ''Supa Modo'' . <ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/directors/Likarion_Wainaina</ref> Usibye gukora firime, ni n'umukinnyi wa sinema, umwanditsi na producer . <ref name="standardmedia">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/lifestyle/2001277821/i-am-a-high-school-dropout-meet-russian-born-auntie-boss-director-likarion-wainaina?amp=1 </ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 20 Kanama 1987 i Moscou, mu [[Burusiya]] ku babyeyi bava [[Kenya]]. Igihe yari afite imyaka ine, yimukiye muri [[Kenya]] n'umuryango we. <ref name="yale">https://african.macmillan.yale.edu/likarion-wainaina</ref> Afite mushiki we na barumuna be babiri. <ref name="standardmedia">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/lifestyle/2001277821/i-am-a-high-school-dropout-meet-russian-born-auntie-boss-director-likarion-wainaina?amp=1 "I am a high school dropout: Meet Russian-born 'Auntie Boss' director"]. Standard Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye akora firime hanyuma yimukira mu ikinamico. Yabaye umunyamuryango wa theatre ya Phoenix Players i Nairobi kuva 2007<ref>https://nairobinow.wordpress.com/tag/likarion-wainaina/</ref>. Nyuma yaje gukora nk'umuyobozi w'ikinamico. Hagati aho, yanakoraga mu nganda za firime nka gaffer na cinematografi. Nkumukinnyi wa cinemateri yakoraga kuri documentaire nyinshi, kwamamaza no kuri televiziyo. Muri 2013, yashinze isosiyete Kibanda Pictures<ref>https://african.macmillan.yale.edu/likarion-wainaina</ref>. Muri 2013, yakoze firime ngufi ''Between the Lines'' yaje kuba Filime ya mbere yo muri [[Kenya]] yerekanwe kuri ecran ya IMAX muri [[Kenya]]. Muri make yakiriwe neza hanyuma atorwa muri AMCVA awards 2015 igihembo cyiza cya Media Media Award<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/likarion-wainaina/</ref>. Hanyuma yayoboye filime ngufi ''Bait'' muri 2015, yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime Amasaha 48. Ifoto yatsindiye kandi ibihembo byinshi birimo Umuyobozi mwiza, ibihembo byabateze amatwi hamwe nigihembo cyabacamanza. Yatoranijwe kandi nka imwe muri firime ngufi zerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2016. Muri 2018, yakoze firime ngufi, ''My Faith'', yatsindiye Filime Nziza yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Mashariki. <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/lifestyle/2001277821/i-am-a-high-school-dropout-meet-russian-born-auntie-boss-director</ref> Muri 2018, yatangiye gukina filime ya ''Wavamizi'' . Hanyuma muri uwo mwaka, yerekanwe bwa mbere muri firime na ''Supa Modo'', yamamaye cyane. <ref>https://www.trigon-film.org/en/movies/Supa_Modo</ref> Filime yagaragaye bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 68 rya Berlin. <ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/presse/pressemitteilungen/alle/Alle-Detail_39636.html</ref> Nyuma yaje gutoranywa [[nkumunyakenya]] winjira muri Filime nziza yindimi zamahanga mu bihembo bya 91 bya Academy, ariko ntibyatoranijwe. <ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33539-supa-modo-kenyas-submission-oscars-rafiki-loses-out</ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2018/film/news/supa-modo-kenya-berlinale-crowd-pleaser-oscar-hopeful-1202961174/</ref> Hamwe nibi bihembo byose, film ibaye firime yahawe ibihembo byinshi muri [[Kenya]] kandi ikunzwe nabanegura. <ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2019/06/18/film/business/director-speak-likarion-wainaina/</ref> Yakoraga kuri tereviziyo yamamaza amata ya Pascha na Santa Maria. Yayoboye Filime icyenda za Magic Magic Original Films (AMOF) hamwe na sitcom ya TV yitwa ''Classmates''. Muri 2016, yakoze filimi ''Auntie Boss!'' cyanyuze kuri NTV nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi wambere Derrick Omfwoko Aswani. <ref>https://kiss100.co.ke/actordirector-omfwoko-passes-on/</ref> Hagati aho, yari umukinnyi wa sinema amashusho yindirimbo za Sarabi Band yakoze 'Tumechoka' na 'Haujali' ndetse na cinematografi mumashusho yindirimbo 'Loneliness' yaririmbwe na Liron. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2013 |''Between the Lines'' |Director, cinematographer, writer, producer, editor |Short film |- |2014 |''Virgin Goat'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |2014 |''Auntie Boss'' |Director |TV Series |- |2015 |''Is This Your Daughter?'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |2015 |''Bait'' |Director, cinematographer, producer |Short film |- |2016–2020 |''[[:en:Auntie_Boss!|Auntie Boss!]]'' |Director |TV Series |- |2017 |''Freedom'' |Voter |Film |- |2017 |''News Just In'' |Cinematographer |TV Series |- |2017 |''Varshita'' |Director |TV Series |- |2018 |''Wavamizi'' |Actor: Swahili Trader |Short film |- |2018 |''[[:en:Supa_Modo|Supa Modo]]'' |Director, writer , Actor: Motorcycle mounted thief |Film |- |2019 |''I Had to Bury Cucu'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |2020 |''Morning After'' |Cinematographer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] opk4xtcy3s7ypugamj6qpt1m8k0hjtm 0 9654 80767 2021-11-25T10:29:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1050680415|Hamilton Dhlamini]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamilton Dhlamini''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1969), rimwe na rimwe nka '''Hamilton Dlamini''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], umwanditsi w'amakinamico ndetse n'umukinnyi wa filime . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime na ''teleserial Isithembiso'', ''[[:en:Faith_like_Potatoes|Faith like Potatoes]] The King's Messenger''. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/Celebs/i-go-to-shebeens-and-places-that-are-considered-dangerous-to-build-my-characters-hamilton-dlamini-on-his-badboy-characters-20180622</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1969 mu mudugudu wo mu cyaro i Sebokeng, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango ufite ubukungu bubi. <ref name="dlamini">https://briefly.co.za/39553-hamilton-dlamini-biography-age-wife-family-voice-hometown-tv-shows-movies-awards-instagram.html</ref> Yashakanye ninzobere mu mirire, Martha, aho bafitanye abana batatu. Yabanje guhura na Marita muri lift. <ref>https://zalebs.com/relationships/hamilton-dlamini/isithembisos-hamilton-dlamini-shares-how-he-met-his-wife</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina mu ntangiriro za 1984 abinyujije mu ikinamico. Yakinnye kandi nk'umucuruzi muri Koreya muri SABC 1 sitcom ''Mzee Wa Two Six'' . Mu ntangiriro za 2008, yagize uruhare runini mu biganiro bigufi kuri SABC1, byahujwe ''n’ikinamico ya King'' Shakespeare ya William Shakespeare . <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=4045</ref> Nanone, yakinnye cyane kuri SABC 2 sitcom ''Stokvel'' hamwe n <nowiki>'' Mojo Khumalo '</nowiki>. Muri 2008, yakinnye muri serie ''Ten Bush'' iyobowe na Mncedisi Shabangu. Ku ruhare rwe, nyuma yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Naledi Theatre igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza. Hanyuma muri 2009, yakoranye na William Kentridge hamwe na Handspring Puppet Company kuri ''Woyzeck muri Highveld'' . <ref name="dlami">https://www.theheadandtheload.com/hd-bio</ref> Muri 2006, yakinnye muri firime ya Regardt van den Bergh ''Kwizera nk'ibirayi'' . Kuri iyi nshuro, yatsindiye ibihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo byo muri Afurika yepfo (Safta) kubera umukinnyi ushyigikiye neza uruhare rwe. <ref name="dlami">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.theheadandtheload.com/hd-bio "HAMILTON DLAMINI"]. theheadandtheload<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2007, yatsindiye igihembo cya Zahabu kubera Umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Filime. Muri 2018, yakinnye 'Banzi Motaung' muri televiziyo izwi cyane ''Isithembiso'' . Muri uwo mwaka, yongeye gutsindira igihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza muri opera yisabune ya TV 'Isithembiso'. <ref name="tvsa">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=4045 "Bio"]. tvsa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yashinze kandi uruganda rwe rukora ibicuruzwa, 'Ndlondlo Productions'. <ref name="dlami">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.theheadandtheload.com/hd-bio "HAMILTON DLAMINI"]. theheadandtheload<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1990 |''The King's Messenger'' |Poacher |Film |- |2001 |''Scoop Schoombie'' |Sparks |TV Series |- |2004 |''Gums & Noses'' |Street Dealer |Film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Faith_like_Potatoes|Faith like Potatoes]]'' |Simeon Bhengu |Film |- |2009 |''Izingane Zobaba'' |Lucky |TV Series |- |2010 |''Jozi'' |Traffic cop |Film |- |2011 |''[[:en:Otelo_Burning|Otelo Burning]]'' |Skhumbuzo |Film |- |2013 |''Nothing for Mahala'' |Foreman |Film |- |2016 |''Fluiters'' |Bantu Ntenga |TV Series |- |2016 |''Umlilo'' |Mnqobi Simelane |Film |- |2017 |''Lokoza'' |Director |Short film |- |2017 |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' |Sepoko |Film |- |2018 |''Isithembiso'' |Banzi Motaung |TV Series |- |2021 |''Isibaya'' |Andile Sibiya |- |2021 |''DiepCity'' |Bonga |TV Series |- |2021 |[[:en:Reyka_(TV_Series)|''Reyka'']] |Hector Zwane |TV Series |} == Urundi ruhare rwa Televiziyo == * ''Baza!, Igihe cya 1 nkumugabo utagira aho uba'' * ''Boo & TT, Igihe cya 1'' nka TT * ''Umujyi Ses'la, Igihe cya 1'' nka Uncle Mto eKasi * ''Amateka Yacu, Igihe cya 5'' nka Mbangiseni * ''Amazi, Igihe cya 1'' nka Bantu Ntenga * ''Murugo, Igihe cya 2'' nka Se wa Katleho * ''Murugo, Igihe cya 3 & 4'' nka Senzo Mbatha * ''Izingane zoBaba, Igihe cya 1 nkamahirwe'' * ''Mugenzi wawe (2014), Igihe cya 1'' nka Pat * ''Mzansi, Igihe cya 1 & 2'' nka Prosper * ''Mzee wa Babiri Batandatu, Igihe cya 1'' nka Koreya * ''Abera n'Abanyabyaha, Igihe cya 2'' nka Andries * ''Kurasa Inyenyeri, Igihe cya 2'' nka Themba Zwane * ''Ubugingo Buddyz, Igihe cya 1'' nkumwarimu wa Melusi * ''Stokvel, Igihe cya 6'' nka Mojo Khumalo * ''Umuyobozi, Igihe cya 1'' nka Mapula * ''Matlala Umlilo, Igihe cya 1, 2, 3 & 4'' nka Mnqobi Simelane * ''Ubworoherane bwa Zeru, Igihe cya 1'' nkibumoso * ''Ubworoherane bwa Zeru, Igihe cya 3'' nka Perezida Tubman == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] qqgb7oreznufn7x1ot1roki9etanl6b 0 9655 80768 2021-11-25T10:37:10Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Hon. Jacqueline Muhongayire wikitext text/x-wiki Hon. Jacqueline Muhongayire wavutse kuwa 28 kanama 1961 ni umwe mu [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye badepete bahagarariye u Rwanda]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> mu muryango w'ibihugu bya Afurika y'iburazirazuba kuva 2007 kungeza 2012, yagiye atorerwa manda ya kabiri ikaba yari kuzarangira muri 2017 aho yari afite icyicaro i Arusha muri Tanzania kandi ni [https://www.eala.org/index.php?/eala-members/view/muhongayire-jacqueline umunyapolitike]<ref>https://www.eala.org/index.php?/eala-members/view/muhongayire-jacqueline</ref> mu ntekoshinga amategeko y'u Rwanda == Ibikorwa Ya Koze == Hon. Jacquline Muhongayire yaba [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229 Minisitiri wa EAC]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229</ref> mu gihe kingana n'umwaka umwe kuva muri Nyakanga 2013. Mbere yaho yari imaze igihe kingana n'imyaka itanu ari umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga Amategeko umutwe wa Afurika y'iburasirazuba (EALA), Mbere yuko yereka muri (EALA) Hon. Jacquline Muhongayire yari [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye amaze imyaka cumi n'ibiri]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> (12) akora nk'umudepite, Kandi yari [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229 umwe mu bagore 12]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229</ref> bari mu inteko ishinga amategeko y'inzibacyuho. == Impamyabumenyi (Amashuri yize) == Hon.Jacqueline Muhongayire ku myaka 60, afite [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> mu icungamari, kandi afite indi mpamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gucunga imishinga, kandi ndetse Hon. Jacqueline Muhongayire Yize ibinganye na politike ndetse n'ububanyi n'amahanga [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye muri kaminuza] ya (Free University) y'iburuseli mu Bubiligi. == Ubuzima Bwite == Hon. Jacqueline Muhongayire arubatse kandi [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229 afite abana batatu(3)]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77229</ref>. == Reba Aha == 1bj3eqdf6w8ncoendbdkd41pb4vzgnc 0 9656 80769 2021-11-25T13:15:49Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055411026|Maryam Touzani]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Maryam Touzani Cannes 2019.jpg|thumb|'''Maryam Touzani''']] '''Maryam Touzani''' (yavutse ku ya 18 Nyakanga 1980), niUmukinnyi wa firime muri Maroc . <ref>https://iffr.com/en/persons/maryam-touzani</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime yamamaye cyane ''Adam'' . <ref name="huffpostmaghreb">https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102056/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/10/22/ils-font-le-cinema-mediterraneen-maryam-touzani-du-journalisme-au-cinema_n_18351198.html </ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/filmmaker-maryam-touzani-talks-about-her-cannes-debut-adam-1203222994/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Touzani yavutse mu 1980 i Tangier . <ref>https://prixagnes.be/role-member/maryam-touzani/</ref> Mu 2003, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Masters mu Itumanaho n'Itangazamakuru i Londres. Hanyuma yatangiye umwuga we nkumunyamakuru yibanda kuri sinema. <ref name="plurielle">https://www.plurielle.ma/lifestyle/arts-culture/le-film-choc-sur-aya-petite-bonne-marocaine/ </ref> Yashakanye na mugenzi we bakorana amafilime n’igifaransa-Maroc Nabil Ayouch . <ref name="huffpostmaghreb">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102056/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/10/22/ils-font-le-cinema-mediterraneen-maryam-touzani-du-journalisme-au-cinema_n_18351198.html "They make Mediterranean cinema: Maryam Touzani, from journalism to cinema"]. huffpostmaghreb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Ubwa mbere, yakoraga nk'umwanditsi w'amashusho hanyuma akayobora firime ngufi na documentaire. Muri 2011, yakoze ''Quand ils dorment'' . Yatsindiye ibihembo 17, harimo nk'abacamanza badasanzwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Huesca, iserukiramuco ryujuje ibisabwa na Oscars. <ref name="plurielle">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.plurielle.ma/lifestyle/arts-culture/le-film-choc-sur-aya-petite-bonne-marocaine/ "The shocking film about Aya, a little Moroccan maid"]. plurielle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Hanyuma muri 2014, yakoze documentaire ye ya mbere ''Sous Ma Peau Vieille'' . Filime yamenyekanye cyane muri [[Maroke|Maroc]], yaganiriye ku buraya muri [[Maroke|Maroc]]. Intsinzi yiyi documentaire, yayihinduye muri firime yerekana izina ''Much Loved'' byasohotse muri 2015. Filime yayobowe numugabo we Nabil Ayouch mugihe yakoze inyandiko. <ref name="huffpostmaghreb">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102056/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/10/22/ils-font-le-cinema-mediterraneen-maryam-touzani-du-journalisme-au-cinema_n_18351198.html "They make Mediterranean cinema: Maryam Touzani, from journalism to cinema"]. huffpostmaghreb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mpera za 2015, yakoze ''plage ye ya kabiri Aya va à la plage'' . Filime irazenguruka mubindi bice byimibereho, kuriyi nshuro yerekeranye no gukoresha abana bato nkabakozi bo murugo. <ref>https://lematin.ma/express/2016/deux-court-metrages-marocains-en-competition-officielle/256128.html</ref> Muri 2017, yanditse filime ''Razzia'' hamwe n'umugabo we, umuyobozi Nabil Ayouch. Yakinnye kandi 'Salima' muri filime. <ref>https://insidefarouche.com/2018/03/02/lactrice-et-realisatrice-maryam-touzani-a-les-femmes-dans-la-peau/</ref> Hanyuma, muri 2019, Touzani yayoboye filime ye yambere, ''Adam'' . <ref>https://vermelho.org.br/coluna/sem-direito-a-escolhas/</ref> Filime yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes mu gice 'Un Certain Regard'. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190419160301/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/maryam-touzani-nous-parle-de-son-premier-long-metrage-adam-selectionne-au-festival-de-cannes-2019_mg_5cb9afc7e4b06605e3edac77</ref> Noneho nyuma muri Festival ya 12 International du Film Francophone de Namur ya Angoulême. Yatoranijwe nkuwinjiye muri Maroc muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga Mpuzamahanga mu bihembo bya 92 bya Academy, ariko ntiyatowe. <ref>http://french.xinhuanet.com/2019-08/28/c_138343359.htm</ref> <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2020-morocco-selects-adam-best-international-feature-category-1235102</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yabaye umunyamuryango wa Academy ya Oscars. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2012 |''Quand ils dorment'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |2014 |''Sous Ma Peau Vieille'' |Director |Documentary |- |2015 |''Aya va à la plage'' |Director |Short film |- |2015 |''Viel geliebt'' |Screenwriter |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Razzia_(2017_film)|Razzia]]'' |Screenwriter |Film |- |2019 |''[[:en:Adam_(2019_Moroccan_film)|Adam]]'' |Director, screenwriter |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] n8gazxvre4qxrcgyhtt6u1dpzfbjfkg 0 9657 80770 2021-11-25T13:23:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1051257226|Nashwa Mustafa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nashwa Mustafa''' (yavutse 15 Ukwakira 1968), ni umukinnyi wa firime mu Misiri . <ref>https://www.arabstoday.net/en/319/everything-in-egypt-is-on-hold</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''El-Rehla'', ''El-Farah'' na ''Mahmoud the Egyptian'' . <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/1012784/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1968 i Cairo, mu Misiri . Yashakanye na Mohammed Emad, wabaga muri [[Amerika]] igihe kirekire. Icyakora yagarutse muri Egiputa gukora ubukwe bw'idini akurikije imigenzo yabo. Bashakanye mu 1993 babyarana abana babiri, Maryam na Abdulrahman. Umuhungu we Abdulrahman yashakanye muri Nyakanga 2019. <ref>http://ww-vb.mine.nu/w108/nashwa-mustafa-celebrates-the-wedding-of-her-son-amid-the-presence-of-stars-photos/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wa tereviziyo mu 1991 akoresheje ''Conscience of Teacher Hikmat'' . Yakinnye 'Abeer' muri uru rukurikirane. Hanyuma mu 1999, yatangiye gukina filime na ''El-Farah'' . Mu 2001, we yakoze mu ikundwa Misiri Adventure comedy film ''Africano'', aho yagize uruhare 'Zainab'. Iyi filime yasohotse mu ikinamico kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2001 mu Misiri. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/work/1010145/</ref> <ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/africano/</ref> Muri 2013, yakiriye porogaramu ya tereviziyo ''Cash Tagisi'', yari verisiyo yo mu Misiri yerekana imikino mpuzamahanga yo mu Bwongereza ''Cash Cab (umukino w’Abongereza)'' . Gahunda yatambutse kuri MBC Masr . <ref>[http://www.goggleboxentertainment.co.uk/index.php/people/detail/adam_wood/ "Bio: Adam Wood"] </ref> Muri 2017, yakoze gahunda ya tereviziyo''Three in One''. <ref>https://www.arabstoday.net/en/338/nashwa-mustafa-prepares-for-a-new-tv-program-074837</ref> Muri 2018, yakoze ikinamico ya ''Selfie Ma'a el-Mot'', yakinwe bwa mbere kuri Theatre ya Miami. Mbere ikinamico yitwaga ''Selfie Ma'a Sayedna'', ariko nyuma yaje guhinduka kubera inshingano zishami rishinzwe kugenzura itangazamakuru. <ref>https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/55533/Nashwa-Mustafa-returns-to-theatrical-scene-with-Death-Selfie</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1990 | ''Umuryango wa Bwana Shalash'' | Inas | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1991 | ''Umutimanama wa Mwarimu Hikmat'' | Abeer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1992 | ''Ijoro rya Al Helmeya'' | Nahed | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1997 | ''Zeezinya'' | Rezqa | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1998 | ''Nahnou La Nazraa Al Shawk'' | Kawthar | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1999 | ''El-Farah'' | Madiha | Filime |- | 2000 | ''Filime sakafi'' | Esmat | Filime |- | 2001 | ''Africano'' | Zainab | Filime |- | 2001 | ''El-Rehla'' | | Filime |- | 2002 | ''El ragol el abiad el motawasset'' | Oufa | Filime |- | 2002 | ''El-Limby'' | | Filime |- | 2002 | ''Abajura muri KG2'' | Etidal | Filime |- | 2003 | ''Mido mashakel'' | Nahed | Filime |- | 2003 | ''Malak rohi'' | Salwa | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2003 | ''Awlad Al Akaber'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2004 | ''Mahmoud Egyption'' | Fatima | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2005 | ''Bavuga el atifi'' | Barbie | Filime |- | 2007 | ''Rash Boy Inzozi'' | Haiam | Filime |- | 2008 | ''Shebh Monharef'' | | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Majmuat Insan'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 | ''Alekhwa'' | Najwa | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 | ''El Shreet el Ahmr'' | Karawana | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Shaw-Ming'' | | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] 8d228kdpfj4u062ii100lfdhgbd04gd 0 9658 80772 80771 2021-11-25T15:59:01Z Celestin KANUMA 9769 Created a Page wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Ubuzima bwo hambere''' == Ambasaderi Christine NKULIKIYINKA yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1965. Ni umudipolomate w’u Rwanda akaba n'umukozi wa Leta. Yize muri kaminuza ya Ludwigshafen y'ubumenyi ngiro kandi abona impamyabumenyi mu bucuruzi. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 2005, yakoraga muri Ambasade y'u Rwanda mu Budage, abanza kuba umuyobozi, nyuma aba umunyamabanga wa mbere akaba n'umujyanama wa Ambasade ya kabiri. Amaze gukorera muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga i Kigali, yatangiye akazi ko kuba umujyanama n’umusemuzi kugeza mu 2006. '''Indimi avuga:''' Avuga Ikidage, Icyongereza, i Kinyarwanda, n’Igifaransa.<ref>[[Christine Nkurikiyinka|Academy for Cultural Diplomacy]]</ref> '''Indi mirimo ya Politiki yakoze''' 6. Inama y'Abaminisitiri yashyizeho abayobozi bakuru ku buryo bukurikira: == '''Kuba Ambasaderi:''' == '''''"NKURIKIYINKA Christine"''''' : Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda i Berlin RUGIRA Amandin: Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda i Kinshasa: Ambasaderi KAMALI KAREGESA: Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Pretoriya; Ambasaderi GASANA Eugene: Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda i New York; Ambasaderi NSENGIMANA Joseph: Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda muri Etiyopiya n' Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, Addis Abeba; NTWARI Gérard: Ambasaderi w'u Rwanda i Buruseli<ref>REPUBLIC OF RWANDA (primature.gov.rw)</ref> iknqx24y7fn3q60d8al27nyg6qbiu49 0 9659 80773 2021-11-25T16:25:16Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 Muhongayire Jacqueline wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhongayire Jacqueline''' Muhongayire yavutse kuwa 28 Kanama 1961, yari umwe mu badepite bahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Muryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba]] kuva mu mwaka wa 2007 kugeza muri 2012. Yagizwe ''ushinze ibikorwa by’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kuri uyu wa kane 11 Nyakanga 2013.''<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> == Amashuri == Muhongayire afite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza mu icungamari, ndetse n’impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gucunga imishinga.,Yize kandi ibijyanye na politiki n’ububanyi n’amahanga muri [[Free University of Brussels|Kaminuza ya Free University]] y’i [[Buruseli]] mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi.]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> == Umwuga == Kuri uyu wa Kane tariki ya 11 Nyakanga 2013, ''Perezida wa [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda|Repubulika y’u Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]] yagize Muhongayire Jacqueline Minisitiri ushinze ibikorwa by’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Muhongayire asimbuye Mukaruriza Monique wayoboraga iyi Minisiteri kuva yajyaho. Muhongayire yari umwe mu badepite bahagarariye u Rwanda mu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Muryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba]] kuva mu mwaka wa 2007 kugeza muri 2012, aho yaje gutorerwa manda ya kabiri ikaba yari kuzarangira muri 2017 aho yari afite icyicaro [[Tanzaniya|Arusha muri Tanzania]]. yabaye mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] imyaka igera kuri 12 mbere yo kujya muri Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, ndetse yagiye anashyirwa mu myanya ikomeye, kuko mu mwaka w’1995 yari umwe mu bagore 12 bari mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho mu Rwanda. Icyo gihe yari igizwe n’abadepite 70. Muhongayire, mbere y’uko ajya mu Nteko y’Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.yabaye muri [[Forumu Nyarwanda y’abagore bari mu Inteko Ishinga Amategeko]],''<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhongayire-jacqueline-yasimbuye</ref> ba3in7zkw5t705ltk7pjcfzak5kyegs 0 9660 80776 80775 2021-11-25T16:52:32Z Celestin KANUMA 9769 /* Imwe mu mirimo yakoze */ wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Ubuzima bwo hambere''' == Hadija Ndangiza Murangwa (wavutse 1975) numunyapolitiki wu Rwanda. Yari umujyanama ushinzwe ingamba mu kigo cy’abacungamari ba Leta bemewe mu Rwanda (ICPAR). Ni umusenateri mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri Sena y'u Rwanda, yashyizweho nu Rwanda. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) mu by'amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya McGill (2003) Montreal, muri Kanada<ref>Hadija Ndangiza Murangwa - Wikipedia</ref> == '''Imwe mu mirimo yakoze''' == Hadija yari umunyamuryango wa Kigali International Arbitration Centre (KIAC) afite icyemezo cya Associate of the Chartered Institute of Arbitration (London). Yari umujyanama ushinzwe ingamba no gutekana k'w inzego mu kigo cy’abacungamari ba Leta bemewe mu Rwanda (ICPAR).<ref>Hadija Ndangiza Murangwa - Wikipedia</ref> Hadija Ndangiza Murangwa ni impuguke mu by'imisoro, n’umwuga mu by'amategeko, afite uburambe buhagije mu bijyanye n’ubujyanama bw’imisoro haba mu Rwanda ndetse no hanze yarwo aho yagiye agira inama inzego nyinshi zo mu karere nka "TradeMark" Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ndetse n'Ubunyamabanga bwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba.<ref>Who is senate-designate Hadidja Murangwa? | The New Times | Rwanda</ref> Ni umunyamuryango w’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubukemurampaka cya Kigali (KIAC). Yakoze akazi k’ubujyanama mu bigo mpuzamahanga nka International Finance Corporation (IFC), Umushinga wo guhuza imisoro muri EAC n’ibindi. Yagiye mu nama z’ubutegetsi z’ibigo bitandukanye mu Rwanda nko muri Banki Itsura Amajyambere (BRD), Ishami rishinzwe ubuvuzi mu gisikare (MMI) no mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC)<ref>MURANGWA HADIDJA YATOWE NK’UMUSENATERI W’IHURIRO (forumfp.org.rw)</ref> d0rbqlzu45qvsfgf9qpwkk9cztg418r 0 9661 80779 2021-11-26T02:21:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056561618|Zethu Dlomo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele''' (yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1989), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Madi' muri televiziyo y'Abanyamerika ''y'Abirabura'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/634976.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 31 Werurwe 1989 i Lenasia, intara ya Gauteng, [[Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/up-close/2018-03-15-zethu-dlomo-a-rose-among-the-thorns/</ref> Nyuma yaje gukurira muri Mmesi Park, Dobsonville, Soweto . Yabanje kwiga mu Ishuri ryigihugu ryubuhanzi. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yarangije Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buhanzi bwa Dramatic muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand . <ref name="osmtalent">https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/</ref> Muri Nzeri 2018, yashakanye na mugenzi we umaze igihe kinini bakundana Lebogang Mphahlele. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/the-herd-actress-zethu-mphahlele-on-her-dream-wedding-it-was-perfect-20180926</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2012, yagize uruhare runini muri televiziyo ya sci-fi Televiziyo ''Room 9'' kuri SABC 1 . Yakinnye nka 'Detective Alice Kunene' murukurikirane. Hagati aho, yagiye agaragara ku bitaramo mpuzamahanga byinshi; nka HBO ikurikirana ''numero ya mbere'' yabategarugori bashinzwe iperereza muri 2008 nka 'Baone Magasane'. Hanyuma muri 2013, yagaragaye muri firime yaje 'Kwihangana' muri firime ''yamashusho Mary na Martha'' iyobowe na Phillip Noyce . <ref name="osmtalent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/ "Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele"]. osmtalent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2014, yanagaragaye mu gitabo cy’Abanyakanada Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) na BET International (BET) mu ''gitabo cya Negro'' aho yakinnye nk'umushumba utwite 'Sanu'. Muri 2014, yatangiye gukina filime ''muri Lobola ya Fanie Fourie'' nka 'Dinky Magubane'. Ku bw'uruhare rwe, yatsindiye ibihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo byo muri Afurika y'Epfo (SAFTA) muri 2014 ndetse na \ ibihembo bya Filimi na Televiziyo bya Afurika y'Epfo (SAIFTA) mu mwaka wa 2013 mu cyiciro cya 'Umukinnyi mwiza muri Filime Yerekana'. Nyuma yumwaka, yagize uruhare runini muri saison ya 1 ya ''serivise Ayeye'' nka 'Sibongile'. <ref name="osmtalent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/ "Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele"]. osmtalent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2015, yatowe kubera umwanya wa 'Madi' muri saison ya gatatu ya ''Black Sails'', urukurikirane rwa Starz Network. Yakomeje gukina ibice 16 mu bakinnyi basubiramo afite umwanya wo kuba umukobwa wa Bwana Scott, Madi kugeza shampiyona irangiye. Urukurikirane rwamumenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/zethu-dlomo/filmografie</ref> Hagati aho, Dlomo yatsindiye igihembo cya 'Brett Goldin Nziza Nziza' mu bihembo bya Naledi Theatre 2014/2015 kubera abantu benshi bakinnye mu ikinamico ''Wabonye Zandile?'' iyobowe na Khutjo Green. Muri 2017, yimukiye muri Afurika gukina muri telenovelas izwi cyane muri Afurika yepfo ''Isibaya'' . <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2018-09-25-isibaya-actress-zethu-dlomo-said-i-do/</ref> Muri serial, yakinnye nka 'Nonhlanzi' bita 'LethuHlatshwayo'. Hanyuma, yagaragaye mumikino ibiri: ''Jero'' iyobowe na Dominique Gumede, hanyuma muri ''Play'' iyobowe na Khutjo Green. <ref name="osmtalent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/ "Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele"]. osmtalent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mpera za 2017, yagaragaye muri filime ya mbere yo muri [[Afurika yepfo]] y’iburengerazuba yitwa 5''Fingers for Marseilles'' . <ref>http://www.donaufilm.de/actor/zethu-dlomo/</ref> Yakinnye imico nka 'Lerato'. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/zethu-dlomo-marvels-in-local-film-fivefingersformarseilles-14485161</ref> Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto nyuma ryasohotse muri sinema muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika muri Nzeri 2018. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2018-03-11-five-fingers-a-first-for-sa/</ref> Muri 2018, Dlomo yakinnye muri firime ya ''Mandela's Gun'' iyobowe na John Irvin. Yakinnye nka Winnie, muka Nelson Mandela muri film. Filime yari ifite umwanya wa mbere ku isi i New York, Harlem NY. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yinjiye mu ikinamico rya Mzansi Magic Ku cyumweru nimugoroba ''Ubushyo'' afite uruhare 'Lwandle'. <ref name="osmtalent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/ "Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele"]. osmtalent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2020, yakoze muri firime ngufi ''Hotel on the Koppies'' yanditse kandi iyobowe na Charlie Vundla. Hanyuma yinjiye hamwe na SABC 1 mini-serie yitwa ''Amazing Grace'' hamwe ninshingano za 'Sarah'. Amaherezo mbere y’icyorezo cya COVID-19, yakinnye 'Lindo Cele' mu rukurikirane rw'ikinamico ''Erased'' telecast binyuze kuri Moja Rukundo . <ref name="osmtalent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/zethu-dlomo/ "Zethu Dlomo-Mphahlele"]. osmtalent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''Number One Ladies Detective Agency'' |Baone Magasane |TV Series |- |2012–2013 |''Room 9'' |Alice Kunene |TV Series |- |2013 |''[[:en:Mary_and_Martha_(film)|Mary and Martha]]'' |Patience |TV Movie |- |2013 |''[[:en:Fanie_Fourie's_Lobola|Fanie Fourie's Lobola]]'' |Dinky Magubane |Film |- |2014 |''Leading Lady'' |Model Photographer |Film |- |2014 |''Ayeye'' |Sibongile |TV Series |- |2015 |''The Book of Negroes'' |Sanu |TV Mini-Series |- |2016–2017 |''[[:en:Black_Sails_(TV_series)|Black Sails]]'' |Madi |TV Series |- |2017 |''Isibaya'' |Nonhlanzi aka LethuHlatshwayo |TV Series |- |2017 |''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'' |Lerato |Film |- |2018 |''Mandela's Gun'' |Winnie Mandela |Film |- |2020 |''Hotel on the Koppies'' |Winnie Mandela |Short film |- |2020 |''Amazing Grace'' |Sarah |TV mini-series |- |2020 |''Erased'' |Lindo Cele |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] adf0eqaeqwcv1j61zmpbu9cfkgmvex6 0 9662 80780 2021-11-26T02:30:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1023007773|Fawzi Saleh]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Fawzi Saleh''' (yavutse 1 Mutarama 1981), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Egiputa . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/523761.html</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film izwi cyane ''Poisonous Roses'' . <ref>https://dailynewsegypt.com/2018/05/28/finding-humanity-in-egyptian-tanners-district-in-ahmed-fawzi-salehs-poisonous-roses/</ref> Usibye gukora firime, Saleh numuntu uharanira imibereho myiza. <ref name="egypttoday">https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/40881/World-premiere-of-Poisonous-Roses-to-take-place-at-IFFR</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1981 i Alegizandiriya, mu Misiri . Yabonye impamyabumenyi mu mateka yakuye muri kaminuza ya Suez Canal hanyuma abona impamyabumenyi yo gufata amashusho mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Sinema rya Cairo mu 2009. <ref name="IFFR">https://iffr.com/en/persons/ahmed-fawzi-saleh</ref> <ref>http://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/ahmed-fawzi-saleh/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2008, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa Rashid Masharawi. <ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/poisonous-roses</ref> Ku buyobozi bwa Masharawi mu 2010, Saleh yakoze ''filime ye ya mbere ngufi ya Living Skin'' yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2011. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Hamwe nitsinzi yumukobwa mugufi, yahise akora poisonus rose muri 2018. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku Isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 47 Rotterdam mu gice cya Bright Future. <ref name="IFFR">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://iffr.com/en/persons/ahmed-fawzi-saleh "Ahmed Fawzi Saleh"]. IFFR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="egypttoday">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/40881/World-premiere-of-Poisonous-Roses-to-take-place-at-IFFR "World premiere of 'Poisonous Roses'to take place at IFFR"]. Egypt Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Iyi filime yaje guhitamo nkumunyamisiri winjira muri Filime nziza ya International Feature muri 92 Awards Awards, ariko ntiyatowe. <ref name="Egypt">https://www.tellerreport.com/life/2019-09-06---egypt-nominates-%22poisoned-rose%22-for-the-academy-award-.HJZ7iZtyLr.html</ref> <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/egypt-selects-poisonous-roses-international-film-at-oscars-2020-1237356</ref> Yatanze kandi nk'umukorerabushake mu bikorwa byinshi by’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Misiri. <ref name="IFFR">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://iffr.com/en/persons/ahmed-fawzi-saleh "Ahmed Fawzi Saleh"]. IFFR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''Living Skin'' |Director, screenplay, co-producer |Documentary |- |2018 |''[[:en:Poisonous_Roses|Poisonous Roses]]'' |Director, scriptwriter, co-producer |Film |- |2020 |''The Thief'' |Writer |TV Series |} == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] co752zmyusn93lxst4pdh9uzqeluj9z 0 9663 80781 2021-11-26T02:48:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1004312871|Nadim Tabet]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nadim Tabet.jpg|thumb|'''Nadim Tabet''']] '''Nadim Tabet''' (wavutse 1982), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Libani . <ref>https://www.beirutartresidency.com/karine-nadim</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime izwi cyane ''Imwe muriyi minsi'' . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/nadim-tabet</ref> <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2128185/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1982 i Beirut, muri Libani. <ref>https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/entretien-au-liban-un-cinema-ancre-dans-l-histoire-6740843</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva akiri muto, yakundaga gukora firime. Yatangiye gufata amashusho hamwe nibihimbano bibiri bigufi muri videwo, iyambere ''Caravane'' muri 1997 hanyuma ''Kodak colr'' muri 1998. Nyuma yimukiye mu Bufaransa mu 1999 kugira ngo akomeze amasomo ye mu bumenyi bwa muntu na sinema muri kaminuza ya Sorbonne . Hagati aho, ayobora ikabutura ''Histoires extraordinaires du cinématographe'' mu 1999. <ref>[http://www.abboutproductions.com/viewDirectorA?id=21 http://www.abboutproductions.com/viewDirectorA?id=2]</ref> Yakomeje kuyobora ikabutura mu myaka yakurikiyeho, nka ''Martine et Alia'' mu 2001, ''Passé présent futur'' mu 2002, na ''L'Arche de Noé'' mu 2003. Muri 2005, yakoze ''Violante'' ngufi, na ''Le Liban en automne'' muri 2006. Bombi bakiriye neza kandi Tabet yakoze ubutaha bwa''Jeunes et innocents'' muri 2007. Hanyuma muri 2008 yakoze ''Spring 75'' na ''Souvenirs d'un été'' muri 2011. <ref>https://www.onassis.org/people/nadim-tabet</ref> Muri 2014, yakoze ''Eté 91'' ngufi. Mu 2001, Tabet yashinze iserukiramuco rya sinema ryo muri Libani. <ref>http://meditalents.net/nadim-tabet-2/</ref> Kuva mu 2011, yabaye umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe gutoranya iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Oberhausen. Amaze gukora filimi ngufi yamamaye cyane, yayoboye filime ye yambere yumukobwa''One of These Days'' muri 2017. nyuma yaje gutsindira igihembo cyiza cyambere cyambere muri Festival ya 22 yabarabu. Muri 2019, yayoboye urukurikirane rwa ''Faraya'' hamwe nundi mukinnyi wa firime wo muri Libani Mounia Akl. <ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/faraya</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.iran.ca/en/events/ontario/toronto/festivals/one-of-these-days-by-nadim-tabet-diaspora-film-festival-2018/43788575_2152053834819170_6477824977549656064_n/</ref><ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=195144.html</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''Caravane'' |Director |Short film |- |1998 |''Kodak Color'' |Director |Short film |- |1999 |''Histoires extraordinaires du cinématographe'' |Director |Short film |- |2001 |''Martine et Alia'' |Director |Short film |- |2002 |''Passé présent futur'' |Director |Short film |- |2003 |''L’Arche de Noé'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Violante'' |Director |Short film |- |2006 |''Le Liban en automne'' |Director |Short film |- |2007 |''Jeunes et innocents'' |Director |Short film |- |2008 |''Spring 75'' |Director |Short film |- |2011 |''Souvenirs d’un été'' |Director |Short film |- |2014 |''Eté 91'' |Director |Short film |- |2015 |''C'est la guerre en Syrie qui l'a tuée'' |Director, writer, editor |Short film |- |2017 |''One of These Days'' |Director, writer |Film |- |TBD |''Lebanon in autumn'' |Director |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] 52qj1ddwvqihcvbtwqsqqhxe89nu1ic 0 9664 80782 2021-11-26T02:58:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1051609205|Nadia Al-Iraqia]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadia Al-Iraki''' (yavutse '''Faten Fathy''' ; 3 Kanama 1963 &#x2013; 16 Gicurasi 2021) <ref>https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2331346</ref> yari umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Iraki. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/1100870/</ref> <ref>https://www.eg24.news/2020/09/witness-a-fiery-response-from-nadia-al-iraqia-to-the-skeptics-about-her-childrens-lineage.html</ref> Yagize uruhare muri firime ''Africano'', ''Can't Complain'', ''Theyab Al-Lail'' na ''Dokkan Shehata'' . <ref>https://dhliz.com/en/artist/nadia_al_iraqia/</ref> <ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/person/Nadia+Al+Iraqia-2232371</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina umwuga mu 1997 hamwe na televiziyo ya ''Theab Al-Lail'' . <ref>https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/05/16/comedy-actress-nadia-al-iraqia-passes-away-from-covid-19/</ref> Urukurikirane rwamenyekanye cyane kuri tereviziyo aho yakinnye nka 'Fatima'. ''Intsinzi yuruhererekane'', yakiriye serivise nyinshi za tereviziyo mumyaka yakurikiyeho, harimo: Zeezinya mu 2000, ''Leqaa ala al hawaa'' muri 2004 na serial izwi cyane ''Raya wa Sekina'' muri 2005. Hagati aho, yari yakoze mu Misiri Adventure comedy film ''Africano'' tuyoborwa [[Amr Arafa|Amuri Arafa]] . Yagize uruhare runini nka 'Customer' muri film. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori byinshi bya firime. <ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/africano/</ref> <ref>https://www.cineserie.com/movies/2455122/</ref> Hanyuma Nadia yakinnye muri ''serivise za tereviziyo: Al-andaleeb hikayt shaab'' muri 2006 na documentaire ''Ntishobora Kurega'' muri 2007. Muri uwo mwaka wa 2007, yatumiriwe gukina filime yerekana ''Keda Reda'', ibaye umukinnyi wa mbere wa sinema uzwi cyane. Nyuma yuruhererekane rwa tereviziyo nyinshi, yamenyekanye cyane kuri televiziyo ya ''Selssal El Dam'' na ''Al Qaserat 2013'' .<ref>https://www.film.ru/persona/nadia-al-iraqia</ref> Yapfuye ku ya 16 Gicurasi 2021, nyuma yo kwandura COVID-19 . <ref>https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2331346</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''Theyab Al-Lail'' |Fatima |TV Series |- |2000 |''Zeezinya'' |Umm Nizar |TV Series |- |2001 |''Africano'' |Customer |documentary |- |2004 |''Leqaa ala al hawaa'' | |TV Series |- |2005 |''Raya wa Sekina'' |Alia |TV Series |- |2006 |''Al-andaleeb hikayt shaab'' | |TV Series |- |2007 |''Can't Complain'' |Fatima |documentary |- |2007 |''Keda Reda'' | |Film |- |2008 |''Al Zamhlawiyah'' | |documentary |- |2008 |''Dokkan Shehata'' | |Film |- |2008 |''Share' 18'' | |Film |- |2009 |''Bel-Alwan Al-Tabi3eya'' | |Film |- |2010 |''Al-Kebar'' | |Film |- |2010 |''3a2elat Mickey'' | |Film |- |2010 |''Kallemni Shukran'' | |Film |- |2010 |''Ayza Atgawez'' |Sondos |TV Series |- |2011 |''Ana Badee3 Ya Wadee3'' | |Film |- |2011 |''Kaff Al-Qamar'' | |Film |- |2012 |''3ala Wa7da Wa Noss'' | |Film |- |2012 |''Private Number'' | |TV Series |- |2012 |''Juliet's Pants'' | |Film |- |2012 |''Al-Almany'' | |Film |- |2013 |''El Ragol El A'inab'' | |TV Series |- |2013 |''The Biggest Liar'' |Hoobi's mother |TV Series |- |2013 |''Selssal El Dam'' |Umm Salah |TV Series |- |2013 |''Al Qaserat'' |Umm Saudi |TV Series |- |2013 |''Tatta7'' | |Film |- |2014 |''Bent Men Dar Al-Salam'' | |Film |- |2014 |''Kalam Garayed'' | |Film |- |2016 |''Banat Kharqat (Banat Superman)'' | |TV Series |- |2016 |''Party Fi Harty'' | |Film |- |2018 |''Azmi & Ashjan'' | |TV Series |- |2019 |''Baku Baghdad'' | |TV Series |- |2019 |''Al-Dhaher'' | |TV Series |- |2019 |''El-Zoga 18'' | |TV Series |- |2020 |''Etneen Fel Sandoq'' | |TV Series |} == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] t6szhyv1ik7b66i5iuhaw3ycr6x3kpf 0 9665 80783 2021-11-26T03:05:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1035977074|Georges Schoucair]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georges Schoucair numu producer''' ukomeye wa Libani . <ref name="Schoucair">http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/5791-georges-schoucair</ref> Schoucair ufatwa nkumwe mubatunganya amafilime atanga ikizere muri sinema yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, yakoze firime nyinshi zamamaye kandi zatsindiye ibihembo. <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/georges-schoucair</ref> <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bdd1e517e</ref> Yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rya sinema muri Libani ndetse na sinema nyafurika. <ref name="Independent">https://www.filmindependent.org/people/georges-schoucair-forum/</ref> Niwe washinze inzu n’umusaruro we bwite, 'Abbout Productions' yashinzwe mu 2003. Icyakora, isosiyete yashinzwe mu 1998 na Joana Hadjithoma na Khalil Joreige . <ref>http://www.abboutproductions.com/</ref> Uretse ibyo, ni na we washinze iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Maskoon Fantastic i Beirut, rifatwa nk'ibirori bya mbere bya firime ya sinema mu bihugu by'Abarabu. <ref>https://variety.com/exec/georges-schoucair/</ref> == Umwuga == Nkumuproducer, yakoranye nabayobozi batsindiye ibihembo barimo: Kaouther Ben Hania, Vatche Boulghourjian, Jean Luc Godard, Alain Gomis, Joana Hadjithomas, Annemarie Jacir, Khalil Joreige, Mohammad Malas, Lucrecia Martel, Shirin Neshat, Asli Ozge, Rafi Pitts, Bill Plympton, Ghassan Salhab, Elia Suleiman na Apichatpong Weerasethakul. <ref name="Schoucair">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/5791-georges-schoucair "Georges Schoucair, France: Production, Financial Consulting / Investor"]. Torino Film Lab<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Independent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmindependent.org/people/georges-schoucair-forum/ "Georges Schoucair: Abbout Productions"]. Film Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Usibye Abbout Productions, Schoucair yashinze isosiyete ikora firime ya indie 'MC Distribution'. Kuva mu 2008, ni na visi-perezida wa sinema yonyine y’ubuhanzi i Beirut: 'Metropolis'. Afatwa nkumuntu washinze isosiyete ikora firime yindie 'Schortcut Films' mumwaka wa 2016 <ref>http://schortcut.com/</ref> aho yakoraga nka producer muri firime nyinshi zizwi ''Félicité'' (2017), ''Wajib'' (2017), ''Rafiki'' (2018), ''Beauty & The Dogs'' (2018), ''It Must Be Heaven'' (2019) and ''A Son'' (2019 <ref name="Independent">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmindependent.org/people/georges-schoucair-forum/ "Georges Schoucair: Abbout Productions"]. Film Independent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2005 |''A Perfect Day'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2006 |''The Last Man'' |Co-producer |TV Movie | |- |2008 |''I Want to See'' |Producer |Film | |- |2008 |''Melodrama Habibi'' |Director |Film | |- |2009 |''1958'' |Producer |Film | |- |2010 |''Stray Bullet'' |Producer |Film | |- |2010 |''Yanoosak'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2010 |''The Mountain'' |Producer |Film | |- |2011 |''Sector Zero'' |Producer |Film | |- |2011 |''Gate #5'' |Producer |Film | |- |2012 |''Impossible Exchange'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2012 |''The Lebanese Rocket Society'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2013 |''Ladder to Damascus'' |Producer |Film | |- |2013 |''Stable Unstable'' |Producer |Film | |- |2014 |''The Valley'' |Producer |Film | |- |2015 |''Trêve'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2015 |''Dégradé'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2015 |''Cemetery of Splendor'' |Associate producer |Film | |- |2016 |''Apelo'' |Producer |Film | |- |2016 |''All of a Sudden'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2016 |''Letters from War'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2016 |''Soy Nero'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2016 |''Tramontane'' |Producer |Film | |- |2016 |''Revengeance'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Mr. Stein Goes Online'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Félicité'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Nobody's Watching'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Beauty and the Dogs'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''White Noise'' |Producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Salamat from Germany'' |Producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Hotel Al Naim'' |Producer |Film | |- |2017 |''El Gran Libano'' |Producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Wajib'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Zama'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Looking for Oum Kulthum'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Un certain Nasser'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2017 |''One of These Days'' |Producer |Film | |- |2018 |''Rafiki'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2018 |''The Image Book'' |Associate producer |Film | |- |2018 |''Empire Hotel'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2019 |''Yalda, a Night for Forgivness'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2019 |''Initials SG'' |Producer |Film | |- |2019 |''The Unknown Saint'' |Associate producer |Film | |- |2019 |''It Must Be Heaven'' |Co-producer |Film | |- |2019 |''A Son'' |Director |Film | |- |2019 |''All This Victory'' |Producer |Film | |- |2019 |''1982'' |Producer |Film | |- |2021 |''Costa Brava, Lebanon'' |Producer |Film | |- |TBD |''The Notebooks'' |Producer |Film | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] qxd6lr56jjk6gimv98xoj0o2sk4ca1r 0 9666 80784 2021-11-26T03:16:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1040856548|Sudabeh Mortezai]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sudabeh Mortezai.JPG|thumb|'''Sudabeh Mortezai''']] '''Sudabeh Mortezai''' (yavutse 1968), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Otirishiya wavukiye muri Iran kandi aaba na producer . <ref name="dok">https://dok.at/person/sudabeh-mortezai/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane ''Macondo'' na ''Joy'' zatsindiye ibihembo mpuzamahanga mu birori bya firime. <ref>https://www.viennale.at/en/guest/sudabeh-mortezai</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1968 i Ludwigsburg, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] ku babyeyi ba Irani. Yabayeho mu bwana bwe n'ubuto muri Vienne na Tehran . <ref name="dok">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://dok.at/person/sudabeh-mortezai/ "Sudabeh Mortezai: Director, producer"]. dok<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Yimukiye i Vienne yiga ikinamico, firime n'itangazamakuru. Nyuma yize filime muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Los Angeles (UCLA) i Los Angeles. Muri kiriya gihe, yakoze firime zitandukanye kandi ngufi zirimo documentaire ''Children of the Prophet'' 2006. Yibanze ku mihango y'icyunamo ya Irani kuri Imamu Hossein, umwuzukuru w'Intumwa Mohammad. <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/berlin-women-directors-meet-sudabeh-mortezai-473d28b51e8c/</ref> Muri 2009, yakoze ''Im Bazar der Gender'' isobanura umuco wo gushyingirwa by'agateganyo muri Islamu y'Abashiya . <ref>https://www.diepresse.com/558357/im-bazar-der-geschlechter-mullahs-reden-gerne-uber-sex</ref> Nyuma muri 2014, yakoze filime ye ya mbere ya ''Macondo'' . Filime nigishushanyo cyumuhungu wimpunzi ya Chechen. Yatumiwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 64 rya Berlin (amarushanwa ya Berlinale), <ref>https://www.berlinale.de/de/archiv/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20143697.html#tab=video25</ref> ahatanira igihembo cya Golden Bear Award . Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa filime, yakoze filime ye ya kabiri ''yishimye'' muri 2018. <ref>https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180907_OTS0159/erfolg-fuer-mortezais-joy-in-venedig</ref> Irazenguruka inkuru yumugore wo muri Nigeriya murugendo rwo gushaka umudendezo. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Filime yatumiwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 75 rya Venice mu gice cya Giornate degli Autori . <ref>https://www.kleinezeitung.at/service/newsticker/5469937/21-Filme-rittern-in-Venedig-um-den-Goldenen-Loewen</ref> Hanyuma yatsindiye Europa Cinemas Label nka Filime nziza yu Burayi mu gice cya Giornate degli Autori mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Venice . <ref>http://www.giornatedegliautori.com/news.asp?id=1&id_dettaglio=1146&lang=eng</ref> Hagati aho, yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'FreibeuterFilm'. Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye igihembo cya mbere cya Hearst Film igihembo cyumuyobozi mwiza wumugore. <ref>http://www.giornatedegliautori.com/news.asp?id=1&id_dettaglio=1134&lang=eng</ref> Mu Kwakira 2018, filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime Nziza muri BFI London Festival Festival . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/announcements/lff-62-awards-winners-announced</ref> Mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Chicago rya 54, filime yatsindiye igihembo cyihariye cya Jury cya Silver Hugo. <ref>https://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/awards-announced-for-54th-chicago-international-film-festival/</ref> Hanyuma mu Kuboza 2018, filime yakiriye Goldeb Star ya filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Marrakech <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/sudabeh-mortezais-joy-wins-best-film-at-marrakech-fest/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''Children of the Prophet'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2009 |''Im Bazar der Geschlechter'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2014 |''Macondo'' |Director, writer |Film |- |2018 |''Joy'' |Director, writer |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6cnmwm77dmmzxp621lkig6mpf63fuxu 0 9667 80785 2021-11-26T03:24:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1019804244|Samba Gadjigo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samba Gadjigo''' (yavutse 12 Ukwakira 1954), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Senegali|Senegal]] kandi akaba umwanditsi wa filimi. <ref name="mtholyoke">https://www.mtholyoke.edu/people/samba-gadjigo</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa firime ''Sembene izwi cyane!'' . <ref name="Sembene">https://www.mtholyoke.edu/media/gadjigos-film-voice-and-vision-africa</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 12 Ukwakira 1954 i Kidira, muri [[Senegali]] . Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Dakar na Ecole Normale Supérieure de Dakar. Hanyuma yabonye impamyabumenyi ya PhD muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana-Champaign . Kugeza ubu akora nka Porofeseri w’igifaransa muri Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts kuva 1986. <ref>https://arts.stanford.edu/event/66183/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2015, yayoboye filime ''Sembene!'' hamwe na Jason Silverman. <ref>https://radioplasma.com/2019/05/04/samba-gadjigo-we-are-made-of-stories/</ref> Iyi filime yari ishingiye ku buzima bw'umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Senegal Ousmane Sembène bakunze kwita se wa sinema nyafurika . Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere kumugaragaro muri Sundance Film Festival muri Utah. Filime yakiriwe neza <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sembene_2015/</ref> <ref>[https://www.vulture.com/2015/12/bilge-ebiris-top-10-movies-of-2015.html/ https://www.vulture.com/2015/12/bilge-ebiris-top-10-movies-of-2015.html]</ref> kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi ndetse no gushimirwa mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime. <ref>[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/media/professors-film-recognized-internationally https://www.mtholyoke.edu/media/professors-film-recognized-internationall]</ref> Iyi filime yabaye uwanyuma kuri Kamera d'Or mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes <ref>https://www.mtholyoke.edu/media/professors-film-screen-cannes-festival</ref> ndetse yegukana igihembo cya Jury mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Luxor African 2016. Yatsindiye kandi Prix de la Jeuness muri Escales Documentaires de Libreville 2017 hanyuma yegukana igihembo cya Paul Robeson mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ryabirabura rya Newark 2016. Filime yaje kubona igihembo cyinyandiko nziza muri Emerge Film Festival. <ref name="mtholyoke">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/people/samba-gadjigo "Samba Gadjigo: Helen Day Gould Professor of French"]. mtholyoke<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2016, Gadjigo yahawe igihembo cy'ishami rya Bourse. Usibye gukora firime, ni n'umwanditsi wamamaye kandi yagize uruhare ''muri Sinema nyafurika nuburenganzira bwa muntu'', ''ubushakashatsi mubuvanganzo nyafurika'', ''nintererano mubushakashatsi bwabirabura'' . <ref name="mtholyoke">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.mtholyoke.edu/people/samba-gadjigo "Samba Gadjigo: Helen Day Gould Professor of French"]. mtholyoke<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri Werurwe 2016, yahawe igihembo cya Meribeth E. Cameron Igihembo cya Bourse yo muri Mount Holyoke College. <ref>https://www.mtholyoke.edu/media/four-mhc-professors-receive-faculty-awards</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2015 | ''Sembene!'' | Umuyobozi, producer, umwanditsi | Inyandiko | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] nobo7vaw09kjh844hsqpl66zc3hpsmu 0 9668 80786 2021-11-26T03:31:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1000054836|Cecilia Zoppelletto]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecilia Zoppelletto,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime muri Italian . <ref name="africanfilmny">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://africanfilmny.org/directors/cecilia-zoppelletto/ "Cecilia Zoppelletto"]. African Filmny<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/cecilia-zoppelletto</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa documentaire ya Congo izwi cyane''La Belle At The Movies'' . <ref>https://qmunicatemagazine.com/2016/10/30/interviewing-cecilia-zoppelletto-on-la-belle-at-the-movies/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira i Padua, mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] . Kuva mu 1994, yabereye i Londres. Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD muri kaminuza ya Westminster. <ref>https://www.westminster.ac.uk/about-us/our-people/directory/zoppelletto-cecilia-0</ref> == Umwuga == Nkubushakashatsi bwe, yakoze Decolonisation akoresheje 'Amajyambere ya Filime': Kubaka no kongera kubaka Umwuka wa Zairian kuri Film. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi, akora ubushakashatsi ku bubiko bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ndetse n’ishusho ya firime y’igihugu nyuma y’ubwigenge. <ref name="africanfilmny">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://africanfilmny.org/directors/cecilia-zoppelletto/ "Cecilia Zoppelletto"]. African Filmny<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>http://georgiatoday.ge/news/5125/INTERVIEW%3A-Cecilia-Zoppelletto,-Director,-Featured-in-GIFT-2016-</ref> Yakoze nka producer wamakuru muri societe yigihugu yo mubutaliyani RAI. Hagati aho, yakoraga nka televiziyo akaba n'umwanditsi kuri neti yo mu Butaliyani 'Antenna Tre Nordest'. Muri 2015, yakoze documentaire ''La Belle Kuri Sinema'' . Iyi filime yamenyekanye cyane kandi yerekanwa muri [[Amerika]], Ububiligi, [[Ubwongereza]] na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. <ref>http://www.congoinharlem.org/belle</ref> Noneho muri 2017, yakoze firime ngufi ''Falling''. <ref name="africanfilmny">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://africanfilmny.org/directors/cecilia-zoppelletto/ "Cecilia Zoppelletto"]. African Filmny<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2016 |''La Belle at the Movies'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2017 |''Falling'' |Director, producer |Documentary short |} == references  == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] kd9yep71qln2w3iiwld0ui4kxx20835 0 9669 80787 2021-11-26T04:17:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1005782841|Francois L. Woukoache]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francois L. Woukoache''' (yavutse ku ya 16 Gashyantare 1966), ni umukinnyi wa firime wa [[Kameruni]] uba mu bubiligi akaba n'umwanditsi . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb557a3fb</ref> Yakoze firime zigera kuri makumyabiri hamwe nuruhererekane rwinkuru zabana ndetse na gahunda za tereviziyo. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 16 Gashyantare 1966 i Yaoundé mu muryango ufite barumuna icyenda. Nyuma y’amasomo yisumbuye, yakurikiranye amasomo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Yize mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuhanzi i Buruseli (INSAS). <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3718&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=479</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1991, yakoze filime ye ya mbere yitwa ''Melina'' . Mu 1995, yakoze documentaire ''Asientos'' ivuga ku bucuruzi bwabacakara. <ref>https://journals.openedition.org/recherchestravaux/697</ref> Filime yerekanwe mu birori byinshi bya firime kandi irashimwa cyane. Hanyuma yakoze indi filimi ngufi ''The smoke in the eyes'' 1997 i Buruseli. Mu 1998, Woukoache yayoboye ''Fragments de vie'' . Iyi filime itavugwaho rumwe yasobanuye ibyiciro bya [[Afurika]] yo mu mijyi no mu rusaku, iy'utubari na clubs z'umujyi muri Afurika ya Ekwatoriya. Muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime ''We no longer died'' yari ishingiye ku buzima nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda. <ref name="pbcpictures">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pbcpictures.com/bin/htdoc.cgi?id=0004367_pbc_bio "François L. Woukoache: February 26, 1966 in Yaoundé (Cameroon)"]. pbcpictures<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Kuva mu 1998, yagiye mu bikorwa byo guhugura no gutunganya amajwi n'amashusho mu Rwanda. Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu mu Ishuri ry’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho muri kaminuza nkuru y’u [[Rwanda]]. Muri kiriya gihe, yagenzuye ikorwa rya firime ebyiri za mbere zu Rw0anda mu 1999: ''Kiberinka'' na ''Entre deux mondes'' . Muri 2000, yakoze documentaire ''Nous ne Sommes Plus Morts'' . Filime yatsindiye Jury Mention mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Zanzibar. <ref name="pbcpictures">http://www.pbcpictures.com/bin/htdoc.cgi?id=0004367_pbc_bio</ref> <ref>http://www.tv5monde.com/cms/cinema/p-779-Fragments-de-vie.htm?ficheId=66&position=81&search=films&recherche=&pays=0&categorie=0&genre=0&annee=&page=6&action=ok&lettre=&cfid=779</ref> Hagati ya 2003 na 2005, yari umuhuzabikorwa wumushinga ''Iguku n'Urumuri watangijwe nkintangiriro'' ya sinema mumashuri yu Rwanda. Muri 2009, Woukoache yayoboye film ngufi ''The lady of the 4 th floor.'' Hagati ya 2013 na 2016, yahujije umushinga ''Faces of Life'' . Binyuze muri uwo mushinga, yahuguye abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] gukoresha ubuhanzi bugaragara nk'uburyo bwo kuvuga no guhindura imibereho. Nyuma yaje kuyobora film, ''Ntarabana'' . <ref name="pbcpictures">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.pbcpictures.com/bin/htdoc.cgi?id=0004367_pbc_bio "François L. Woukoache: February 26, 1966 in Yaoundé (Cameroon)"]. pbcpictures<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>http://afrimages.net/ntarabana-depasser-le-genocide-rwandais-2/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1995 |''Asientos'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |1999 |''Fragments de vie'' |Director, writer, executive producer |Short |- |2000 |''Bon appetit!'' |Actor |Short film |- |2000 |''Nous ne sommes plus morts'' |Director |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 64a3trggy1jeukct27gde9sf7xa46kx 0 9670 80788 2021-11-26T04:29:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1050720566|Eric Kabongo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AV0A7106 xxx, Erik Kabongo.jpg|thumb|'''Eric Kabongo''']] '''Eric Kabongo Ilunga''' (yavutse ku ya 21 Gicurasi 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filimi mububiligi n’umuririmbyi ukomoka muri Kongo. <ref name="brf">https://brf.be/kultur/kino/1048662/</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/776270.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime Welcome toGerany, ''Sawah'' and ''Third Wedding''. . <ref name="talenta">https://www.e-talenta.eu/members/profile/eric-kabongo</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 21 Gicurasi 1984 i [[Kinshasa]], muri Zayire (muri iki gihe [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ). Afite imyaka 13, yaje mu Bubiligi bitewe nuko nyina yashakanye n’umubiligi maze atura mu mudugudu wa Flemish mu nkengero z’Ububiligi. Kuri ubu atuye i Waregem, muri West Flanders . <ref name="brf">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://brf.be/kultur/kino/1048662/ "Belgian Eric Kabongo is a cinema star in Germany"]. brf<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuraperi ufite izina rya stage 'Krazy-E'. Muri 2013, yabaye umukinnyi ufite uruhare rutemewe nkumugenzi wa gari ya moshi muri film ya ''The Fifth Estate'' . Mu 2014, Kabongo yagaragaye muri ''D5R'' hanyuma bahabwa uruhare mu kunenga yitirirwa Bubiligi film ''Black'' . <ref name="talenta">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.e-talenta.eu/members/profile/eric-kabongo "Eric Kabongo: Actor, Musician, Dubbing Actor, Model, Singer"]. e-talenta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yatumiwe mu [[Budage]] gukina nk'impunzi 'Diallo' muri filime isetsa welcome to Germany . Hamwe na firime, yabaye umukinnyi ukomeye mu Burayi. <ref>https://www.moviepilot.de/people/eric-kabongo</ref> Muri 2019, yakinnye muri filime ''Sawah'' aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Golden Palm igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya film rya Queen Palm. Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri seriveri ''Rivallen und Rebellen'' . <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/eric-kabongo</ref><ref>https://www.filmweb.pl/person/Eric+Kabongo-2285920</ref> Muri 2014, documentaire '''''What about Eric?''''' yarekuwe bijyanye n'ubuzima bwe. Nyuma documentaire yatsindiye ibihembo bya Best documentaire nziza. Hanyuma documentaire ''Ensor'' yatsindiye igihembo cya Best Flemish documentaire, nyuma yaje kwegurirwa Kabongo nabayobozi Lennart Stuyck na Ruben Vermeersch. <ref>https://www.friendspire.com/people/eric-kabongo/1471308</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6225875/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2013 |''The Fifth Estate'' |Train passenger |Film |- |2013 |''Mannenharten'' |VIP guest |Film |- |2014 |''The Connection'' |Jairzinho |Film |- |2014 |''D5R'' |Sacha |TV Series |- |2015 |''[[:en:Black_(2015_Belgian_film)|Black]]'' |Krazy-E |Film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Welcome_to_Germany_(2016_film)|Welcome to Germany]]'' |Diallo Makabouri |Film |- |2018 |''Third Wedding'' |Philippe |Film |- |2019 |''[https://www1.wdr.de/radio/wdr3/programm/sendungen/wdr3-hoerspiel/erlebnispark-kolonialisierung-erinnerung-mahnung-100.html Leopoldpark]'' |Moise |Radio Drama |- |2019 |''Rivalen und Rebellen'' |Dexter |TV Series |- |2019 |''Sawah'' |Daniel |Film |- |2019 |''Yummy'' |Main Nurse |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Earth_and_Blood|Earth and Blood]]'' |Yao |Film |- |TBD |''Deutschland im Winter'' |Isa |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] srulitpbatgjlq1mx7fbjz8v6x2oprt 0 9671 80789 2021-11-26T04:38:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1051139785|Aboubakr Bensaihi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aboubakr Bensaihi''' (wavutse 1996), ni umukinnyi wa firime mububiligi akaba n'umuririmbyi ukomoka muri Maroc. <ref>https://lwlies.com/reviews/black/</ref> Azwi cyane nka Marwan muri filimi yasohotse 2015 film ''Black'' . <ref>https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/59bxj5/meet-the-breakout-star-of-belgian-cinemas-edgiest-new-film-black</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse mu 1996 akurira muri Molenbeek . Yarangije amashuri mUbuholandi mu kigo cya Imelda. <ref name="Bensaihi">https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/dmf20151106_00731321</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2014, Bensaihi yahiswemo muri film ''Black'' na abayobozi Adil El Arbi na Bilall Fallah . Hanyuma yakinnye imbere yumugabo 'Marwan' muri film ''the black''. Filime yamamaye cyane kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Nyuma yaje gutorwa muri Ensor Best Debut Award muri Ostend Film Festival mu 2016 ndetse nigihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri Magritte Awards muri 2017. Iyo filime igenda neza, yinjiye mu ikinamico ''yitwa Thuis'' yitwa 'Junes Bakkal' muri 2017. Muri 2018, yinjiye muri televiziyo ''Daidj'' . <ref name="Bensaihi">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/dmf20151106_00731321 "Aboubakr Bensaihi"]. lavenir<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Usibye gukina, Bensaihi n'umuririmbyi n'umuraperi . We ubwe yaririmbye indirimbo ''Do You Hear Me'' . Yanditse kandi indirimbo munsi yizina rya 'Bakr'. Indirimbo ye ya mbere yari ''Sac à dos'' yakurikiwe ''nindirimbo nziza Elle a'' . Hanyuma yasohoye indirimbo ''Tomber dans ton love'' . Muri 2016, Bensaihi yabaye umwe mu bahembwa 10 ba Molenbekenaar y'umwaka. <ref>https://www.bruzz.be/videoreeks/bruzz-24-05022016/video-aboubakr-bensaihi-molenbekenaar-van-het-jaar-mijn-wijk-blijft</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2015 |''[[:en:Black_(2015_Belgian_film)|Black]]'' |Marwan |Film |- |2016 |''The Dinner'' |Aboubakr |Short film |- |2018 |''eLegal'' |Yassine Mejri |TV Series |- |2018 |''Thuis'' |Junes Bakkal |TV Series |- |2018 |''The Crimson Rivers'' |Rachid |TV Series |- |2019 |''Binti'' |Farid |Film |- |2019 |''Women of the Night'' |Rachid |TV Series |- |TBD |''Rebel'' |Rachid |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] dhyd5ouswmbhdz5bxmiurqr8ld0d3m2 0 9672 80790 2021-11-26T06:53:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056446039|Martha Canga Antonio]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marita Canga Antonio''' (yavutse 1995), ni umukinnyi wa firime mu Bubiligi akomoka muri Angola. <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/755935.html</ref> Azwi cyane muri film yamamaye cyane ''Umukara'' . <ref>https://i-d.vice.com/en_us/article/59bxj5/meet-the-breakout-star-of-belgian-cinemas-edgiest-new-film-black</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1995 i Mons mu Bubiligi ku babyeyi bava Angola. Yakuriye i Liège, ubu akaba atuye i Mechelen . <ref name="martha">https://focus.knack.be/entertainment/film/martha-canga-antonio-de-revelatie-uit-black-ik-hoop-dat-mensen-inzien-dat-talent-geen-kleur-heeft/article-longread-624433.html?cookie_check=1604226099</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2014, yize gucunga itumanaho muri Erasmushogeschool, Bruxelles . Muri icyo gihe, yari Bahiswemo gukina nka 'Mavela' mu gatsiko thriller film ''Black'' iyoborwa na Adil El Arbi na Bilall Fallah . <ref>https://cafebabel.com/de/article/black-star-martha-canga-antonio-shakespeare-in-molenbeek-5ae00ac6f723b35a145e6bfa/</ref> Yatoranijwe kuranga mubakandida 450. Mbere ya firime, ntabwo yari afite uburambe bwo gukina. Icyakora yakinnye uruhare rwamenyekanye cyane kandi rurashimwa cyane. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151217140246/http://www.agendamagazine.be/en/blog/black-martha-canga-antonio</ref> Filime yaje kwerekanwa iminsi mikuru mpuzamahanga ya firime. Mu Gushyingo 2015, Martha yagizwe umukinnyi wa filime mwiza mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Tallinn Black Nights. <ref>https://focus.knack.be/entertainment/film/martha-canga-antonio-uit-black-bekroond-als-beste-actrice-in-tallinn/article-normal-629775.html</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160203162849/http://2015.poff.ee/eng/festival/awards-2015</ref> Ukuboza k'umwaka umwe, yatorewe kuba Shooting Star mu Burayi muri 7 Magritte Awards kubera film imwe. <ref name="martha">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://focus.knack.be/entertainment/film/martha-canga-antonio-de-revelatie-uit-black-ik-hoop-dat-mensen-inzien-dat-talent-geen-kleur-heeft/article-longread-624433.html?cookie_check=1604226099 "Martha Canga Antonio, dé revelatie uit Black: 'Ik hoop dat mensen inzien dat talent geen kleur heeft<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"]. Roularta Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi wamamaye watangiye umwuga nkumunyamuryango ''witsinda'' ryumuziki Soul'Art. <ref>https://vi.be/platform/soulart</ref> Muri 2018, yatangiye umwuga we wo kuririmba wenyine ku izina rya 'Martha Da'ro' maze asohora indirimbo imwe ya ''Summer Blues'' . <ref>https://www.dansendeberen.be/2020/02/29/martha-daro-cheap-wine-paris-exotische-elektronica/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2015 | ''Umukara'' | Mavela | Nominated - Igihembo cya Magritte kubakinnyi benshi basezerana |- | 2017 | ''La Forêt'' | Maya Musso | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2018 | ''Umukobwa wo muri Mogadishu'' | Amala | |- | 2018 | ''Hejuru y'amazi'' | Ticha | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2019 | ''Batiste'' | Lina | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2019 | ''Kuramya'' | Jeanne | |- | 2019 | ''Cleo'' | Myra | |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rhdzwovb4a19vrk18fattydgbm2j2or 0 9673 80791 2021-11-26T07:33:50Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 Suzanne Mukayijore wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzanne Mukayijore''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakaz]]<nowiki/>i uba muri politike, kuri ubu Suzanne ni Umudepite watowe n' [[Inteko Rusange y’Umutwe w’Abadepite]] guhagararira u Rwanda mu [[Nteko Ishinga Amategeko Nyafurika|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko Nyafurika (PAP).]]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/07/depite-mukayijore-suzanne-yatorewe.html</ref>Suzanne akaba yari na Visi Perezida w' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana|Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana (PL]]) mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y’Amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda]]<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/abagize-inama-yigihugu-yishyaka-pl-bahuguwe-ku-kwizigamira/</ref> == Amasomo == Suzanne yabonye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu icyungamari n'icungamutungo .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/lawmakers-pick-mukayijore-replace-nyirarukundo-pan-african-parliament</ref> == Umwuga == Suzanne yatorewe kuba Umudepite mu [[Nteko Ishinga Amategeko Nyafurika|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko Nyafurika (PAP)]] tariki ya 23 Nyakanga 2020,<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/07/depite-mukayijore-suzanne-yatorewe.html</ref> yasimbuye [[Nyirarukundo Ignatienne]] wahinduriwe imirimo akaba ari Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho y’abaturage muri [[Minisitere y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/depite-mukayijore-suzanne-yatorewe-guhagararira-u-rwanda-muri-pap</ref> Depite Mukayijore Suzanne akaba yari na Visi Perezida w' [[Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana|Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana (PL)]] mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru y'u Rwanda,<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/abagize-inama-yigihugu-yishyaka-pl-bahuguwe-ku-kwizigamira/</ref> Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Nyafurika (PAP) ikaba yarashyizweho mu kugira ngo igire uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibanire y’abatuye Umugabane wa Afurika. ikaba ifite icyicaro [[Afurika y’Epfo|i Midrand muri Afurika y’Epfo]], ikaba igizwe n’abadepite batorwa mu Nteko zishinga amatego mu bihugu bigize umugabane wa Afurika.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/depite-mukayijore-suzanne-yatorewe-guhagararira-u-rwanda-muri-pap</ref> a6qakvz9hwk896m3u12zzixbgumevjk 0 9674 80792 2021-11-26T08:16:40Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 Madina Ndangiza wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madina Ndangiza''' ni Umunyarwandakazi uba muri politike, yahoze ari umunyamabanga mukuru w'ishyaka [[:en:Ideal_Democratic_Party|Ideal Democratic Party (P.D.I)]]<ref>http://pdi-rwanda.org/1/2016/01/17/mme-ndangiza-madina/</ref> == Amasomo == Madina yabonye impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] mu mategeko.<ref>http://pdi-rwanda.org/1/2016/01/17/mme-ndangiza-madina/</ref> r9n1wmct31bqkdj9ay5vzqdgeqba80c 0 9675 80793 2021-11-26T09:18:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055950672|Napomuceno's Will]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Napomuceno's Will''''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico ya Cape Verdean yasohotse 2017 iyobowe na [[Francisco Manso]], ishingiye ku gitabo cyitwa ''The Last Will and Testament of Senhor da Silva Araújo'' cyanditswe na Germano Almeida . <ref>https://mubi.com/films/napumocenos-will</ref> <ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/testamento-do-sr-napumoceno-napumocenos-will/oclc/41177479</ref> == Icegeranyo == [[Dosiye:Ilhas_do_Barlavento.png|thumb| Ikarita y'Ibirwa bya Barlavento ya Cape Verde; Nyiricyubahiro Napumuceno ava muri São Nicolau (hagati) yerekeza i São Vicente (mu burengerazuba).]] Napumoceno da Silva Araújo, umucuruzi ukize wa [[Kapu Veri|Cape Verde]], yarapfuye kandi atunguranye ategura mwishywa we, asiga umutungo we ku mukobwa utemewe. Amusigira kandi icyegeranyo cya kaseti aho amubwira amateka y'ubuzima bwe, uko yavuye mubukene agera ku ntsinzi no mu rwego, ndetse n'abagore benshi yakundaga mu nzira. <ref>https://bfca.sitehost.iu.edu/collections/films/films_O.shtml</ref> == Abakinnyi<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/testamento-o-testamento-do-sr-napomuceno/</ref> == * Nelson Xavier - Napumoceno da da Silva Araújo * Maria Ceiça - Graça * Chico Díaz - Carlos * Zezé Motta - Eduarda * Vya Negromonte - Mari Chica * Milton Gonçalves - Umuyobozi * Elisa Lucinda - Dona Jóia * Ana Firmino - Dona Rosa *<nowiki> Cesária Évora - Arminda}}</nowiki> == Kurekura == ''Napomuceno's Will bwerekanwe bwa'' mbere muri Festival de Gramado, Burezili muri Kanama 1997<ref>https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/napomuceno-s-will/m0crvvx9?hl=en</ref>. Yakiriye ibitekerezo byiza, ''Variety'' ishima Chico Díaz byumwihariko. <ref>https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/testamento-1200454367/</ref> Kuri ''Chronicle ya San Francisco'', Mick LaSalle yanditse ko "[Araujo ya Xavier] ari clown, ariko imwe ifite imbaraga kandi ifite igitekerezo kimwe kuburyo byumvikana impamvu akurura abagore kandi agatsinda mubucuruzi<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/30/movies/film-review-what-do-you-call-a-man-who-s-suddenly-rich-dad.html</ref>. Hamwe nubwitonzi bwibutsa Roberto Benigni, akoresha ijwi rye nkigikoresho gisetsa gitangaje, akazamuka akagera kumatwi mugihe cyo kwiyemera no gukabya<ref>https://www.carnavalrecoleta.cl/host-https-pro.imdb.com/title/tt1524291/?ref_=tt_pub_cst_kf_919</ref>. Muri icyo gihe, Xavier aduha ibihe byo kwambika ubusa umutima, igihe Araujo yiyitiriye, kandi tubona mu bubabare bwe. " Muri ''Filime Nyafurika Yitwa Lusophone'', Paulo de Medeiros yinubiye ko iyi filime yirengagije ibivugwa mu bukoloni mu gitabo cy’umwimerere, yerekana ko hamwe n’umuyobozi w’Abanyaportigale hamwe n’abayireba, iyi filime ikubiyemo ibitekerezo bya "Lusotropicaliste" cyangwa igamije kwibagirwa ubukoloni<ref>http://www.librarything.com/work/3461914</ref>. == references == * [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] kd42m416rd4qu1rbxx3we93q105cv8v 0 9676 80794 2021-11-26T09:32:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/995767306|La Negrada]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''La Negrada izwi''''' mpuzamahanga nka '''Black Mexicans,''' yasohotse 2018 ni filime yo muri [[Megizike|Mexique]] iyoborwa na Jorge Pérez Solano afatanyije na César Gutiérrez Miranda na Tirisia Cine. <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/co/film990099.html</ref> <ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/an-interview-with-the-filmmaker-behind-la-negrada-the-first-feature-film-starring-an-all-afro-mexican-cast/</ref> <ref>https://www.tfiny.org/films/detail/la_negrada</ref> <ref>http://mujeresenmedio.org/la-negrada-anti-blackness-under-the-guise-of-visibility/</ref> Niyo filime ya mbere yo muri Mexique yimpimbano hamwe hagati ya Africa na Mexico bose bakinnye muri Mexico. Filime yafatiwe mu mijyi mito no muri Costa Chica, Oaxaca. <ref name="remezcla">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://remezcla.com/film/trailer-la-negrada-afro-mexican/ "<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>La Negrada' Is Mexico's First-Ever Fiction Film to Have an All-Black Cast"]. remezcla<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 18 Kanama 2018 muri [[Amerika]]. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma iza gutsindira igihembo cyiza cya Sinema mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Guadalajara 2018. <ref name="remezcla">https://remezcla.com/film/trailer-la-negrada-afro-mexican/</ref> == Kwerekanwa mpuzamahanga == * Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika rya Diaspora, Amerika - 18 Kanama 2018 * Centro Cultural de España, Uruguay - 1 Nyakanga 2019 * Iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Hola Mexico, Amerika - 4 Kamena 2020 == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] f4vawhd8meyvuovux46uw6kmo8gvinm 0 9677 80795 2021-11-26T09:44:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1036973972|Bukky Abaniwonda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bukky Abaniwonda''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Bukky Wonder''', ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri [[Kanada]] na [[Nigeriya]]. <ref name="pulse">https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/bukky-abaniwonda-actress-speaks-about-her-sojourn-to-acting/kn17mbv</ref> Azwi cyane muri firime ''Bridges'',''Awkward Things About Losing Weight'' and ''The Carperdian''. <ref>https://damiadeniyi.com/bukky-abaniwonda-is-ready-for-nollywood/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri [[Kanada]] nkuwa kabiri mu muryango . Yabayeho mu bwana bwe i [[Abuja]] . Afite barumuna be na bashiki be babiri. Yize Command Day Secondary School, Abuja kugirango yige amashuri yisumbuye. Hanyuma yarangije icyiciro cya comptabilite muri kaminuza ya Bowen . == Umwuga == Muri 2017, yakinnye cyane muri film ''Bridges'' iyobowe na Rogers Ofime . <ref>https://naijagists.com/canada-based-nigerian-actress-bukky-abaniwonda-returns-home-to-explore-nollywood/</ref> Hanyuma yakinnye muri film ''The End''. <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/bukky-abaniwonda-gears-nollywood/</ref> <ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/bukky-abaniwonda-mission-fight-violence-women-movies/</ref> Mu 2020, Abaniwonda yayoboye filimi ya mbere hagati ya Africa na Canada ''African Family'' yakorewe muri black production. yafatiwe amashusho i Calgary. Muri aba bakinnyi harimo abakinnyi b'Abanyafrika baturutse muri [[Nijeriya]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] na [[Angola]] . <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-calgary-african-tv-film-1.5783674</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201113150737/https://www.sootoday.com/global-news/first-of-its-kind-african-canadian-film-production-in-calgary-showcases-black-talent-2825228 https://web.archive.org/web/20201113150737/https://www.sootoday.com/global-news/first-of-its-kind-african-canadian-film-production-in-calgary-showcases-black-talent-282522]</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] 25d81hgg2xingh63vc0dhq3xu3pw1cm 0 9678 80924 80796 2021-11-29T17:47:33Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Add a title wikitext text/x-wiki Germaine Mukabalisa yavutse 1988,ni umudepite uhagarariye abagore mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] yatowe [[Intara y'amajyepfo|muntara yamajyepfo y'u Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Germaine yari umujyanama mu byamategeko muri [https://www.wvi.org/stories/rwanda/world-visions-rwanda-legal-advisor-elected-member-parliament World vision] guhera 2018 kugeza atorewe kuba umudepite.<ref>https://www.wvi.org/stories/rwanda/world-visions-rwanda-legal-advisor-elected-member-parliament</ref> yabaye umujyanama mu byamategeko muri Miisiteri y'ubucuruzi n'Inganda, yahoze anigisha amategeko muri [[:en:Kigali_Independent_University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK)]], akaba nanone yari umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi y'[https://www.nirda.gov.rw/rw/ahabanza/ ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'inganda (NIRDA)].<ref>https://nec.gov.rw/index.php?id=35&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=363&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=9&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=1&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2020&cHash=0d7e633c2d9bcd82ce10bb995cf32672</ref> Germaine asimbuye [[Ignatienne nyirarukundo|Nyirarukundo Ignatienne]] wagizwe Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri [https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y Ubutegetsi bw Igihugu], ushinzwe Imibereho Myiza y Abaturage.<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/169488</ref> == Ishakiro == jkg5b2m39knerjb9ouuw8fjgo8cfz90 0 9679 80797 2021-11-26T10:46:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1051656604|Fumani Shilubana]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fumani N Shilubana''' <ref>https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/1103703/nine-questions-with-fumani-shilubana/</ref> (yavutse 22 Werurwe 1980), ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] <ref>http://www.contractors.org.za/index.php?view=ar_ma_40</ref> umuyobozi na producer . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime zizwi cyane Zama Zama, Father`s War na ''Kalushi: Inkuru ya Salomo Mahlangu'' . Uwashinze PadiriFigureZA, Fondasiyo ishaka kwinjiza umuntu mu muryango <ref>http://citybuzz.co.za/39472/meet-gautengs-father-figure/</ref> na Chairman wa Midrand Heat Basketball Club. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse ku ya 22 Werurwe 1980 mu mudugudu muto Shiluvana, Tzaneen, Limpopo, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Se Clifford Shilubana yari umuyobozi w'ishuri mu ishuri ribanza rya Mlungisi na nyina Nsatimuni Mundhlovu akaba umunya Mozambike / Afurika y'Epfo yari umuforomo mu Ibitaro bya Shiluvana. Afite bashiki be babiri: Labani Mgimeti na Kumani Shilubana na musaza we Tebogo Maake. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/move/20190710/283631056582732</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2016 mu Mudugudu wa Joppie yishyuye lovola ku mugore we ubu naho muri 2017 Ukuboza 22 we na Nomathemba Olivia Ngobeni bakoze ibirori byihariye kuri African Pride Mount Grace i Magaliesburg . Ni se w'umuhungu umwe, Vulani n'umukobwa umwe Nganakati-Nsuku<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1946936/fullcredits</ref>. Shilubana yize mu 1998 muri Mathews Phosa College Mpumalanga, yiyandikisha muri kaminuza ya Venda mu 1999 yiga Impamyabumenyi ya siyansi (BSc) mu buhinzi atarangije maze mu 2000 yiyandikisha mu by'inganda muri kaminuza ya Tekinoroji ya Tshwane. ntibyakunze kandi igihe yashakaga gukurikirana imideli mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], na we ntiyagiye nyuma yo kwiyandikisha muri gahunda yo kuvuga no gukina amakinamico muri Leta ya Afurika y'Epfo abifashijwemo n'umwanditsi Mpumelelo Paul Grootboom.<ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=1231&season=7</ref> Yatangiye gukina Basketball afite imyaka 15, yamenye iby'umukino nyuma yuko nyina amuguriye igitabo cy’amategeko ya Basketball, ku myaka 19 yitabira ibizamini bya Basketball muri kaminuza ya Limpopo maze atoranyirizwa guhagararira Intara ya Limpopo mu ikipe nkuru y’abagabo muri SASSU imikino mu marushanwa ngarukamwaka muri Cape Town .<ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=721&season=1</ref> == Umwuga == Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe nka producer numukinnyi muri telenovela ''Giyani: Igihugu cyamaraso'' . Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye 'Vukosi Moyo'. Nyuma yo gusoza urukurikirane, yagaragaye muri serie ''Mafanato yakoze'' kandi ayobora. <ref>https://giyaniview.co.za/telenovela-actor-fumani-shilubana-back-on-our-screens-with-a-bang/</ref> <ref>https://theplumlist.com/meet-the-cast-of-new-xitsonga-series-mafanato/</ref> Yakinnye kandi muri serivise zizwi cyane: ''Soul City'', ''Generations'' and ''Isidingo'' . Mubisanzwe avuga muri Xitsonga kuri tereviziyo, arirwo rurimi rwe kavukire. <ref>https://reviewonline.co.za/364934/fumani/</ref> Yakinnye uruhare ruzwi cyane 'Detective Dabula' ku isabune ya SABC3 ''Isidingo'' <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=2881&season=1</ref>. Shilubana yerekanwe bwa mbere na Khomelela, film yakoze kandi bafatanya kwandika nayo yakoze. Uyu mushinga wari mubutumwa bwe bwo kubona film za Xitsonga kumurongo munini. Yakusanyije amafaranga 40 000 ya firime kandi yarashe 95% ya firime ahitwa Hlovani River Lodge naho ayandi mumujyi wa Nkowankowa . Filime yerekanwe kuri Hall Hall ya Nkowankowa. <ref>https://reviewonline.co.za/366184/khomelelo/<nowiki/>{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Shitshembiso Mabasa, Fumani N. Shilubana, hamwe naTeleti Khosa, batunze Xiculu Multimedia, isosiyete ikora itangazamakuru ryirabura 100% yashinzwe mu Kuboza 2019. Igikorwa cyibanze cya Xiculu nugukora no gukwirakwiza ibirimo Xitsonga kandi basohoye urukurikirane rwa Mafanato kuri Showmax, KubaTsongaInSA. <ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/being-tsonga-in-sa/id1490415848</ref> doccie seriveri yerekana ibyasangiwe na Vatsonga muri republika ya [[afurika yepfo]], Minkoka Mimbirhi,Umunsi hamwe na Tsonga Legend kuvuga show, Nyambondzwani filimi ngufi, Sivara series na COVID-19 Xitsonga rushinge mu bufatanyeXitsonga.org <ref>http://datastudio.google.com/reporting/728ccfd8-16a5-44fa-9a4a-ed1c5be53595/page/VIKKB?feature=opengraph</ref> bose mu 2020. == Ibihembo == Shilubana yatowe mu 2005 mu bihembo bya Naledi Theatre Awards <ref>http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=1148</ref> kubera uruhare rwiza rushyigikirana "Inkuru zo mu mujyi". Ku cyumweru tariki ya 19 Gashyantare 2006, umuhango wuzuye inyenyeri wabereye muri kaminuza ya Johannesburg. Mu mwaka wa 2010 yahawe Igihembo cya Mama Beka kubera kuzamura ubwoko bwe n’ururimi Xitsonga ku bitangazamakuru bisanzwe. <ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/29081747c1fd33c4231bd57559b4228f</ref> Yatorewe igihembo cye cya mbere cyo gukina igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza wumuhanga wurukundo muri Ibihembo bya FAME 2016. <ref>https://bsharpentertainment.africa/fumani-nkateko-shilubana-f-a-m-e-awards-nominee-2/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''Hillside Season 1'' |Detective Nataniel |TV Series |- |2006 |''Soul City Season 7'' |Dumisani |TV Series |- |2006 |''Flashes From A Township Life'' |Madala |Short film |- |2007 |''Death of a Queen Season 1'' |Tsaroga |TV Series |- |2008 |''Hillside Season 2'' |Detective Nataniel |TV Series |- |2009 |''Generations - Season 1'' |Dr Mokhethi |Soap Opera |- |2010 |''Muvhango'' |Advocate Molale |Soap Opera |- |2010 |''eKasi: Our Stories - Season 2'' |Emmanuel |TV Movie |- |2011 |''Ga Re Dumele - Season 2'' |Mayor |Sitcom |- |2011-13 |''Isidingo'' |Mayor |Soap Opera |- |2012 |''Over My Dead Body'' |Svara Makoti |TV Movie |- |2012 |''Zama Zama'' |Babylon |Film |- |2013 |''Mj Records'' |Producer |Sitcom |- |2013 |''Naledi'' |Lebohang |TV Sereies |- |2013 |''Regrets'' |Simon |TV Movie |- |2013 |''Skeem Saam 2'' |Ntsako |Soap Opera |- |2013 |''High Rollers'' |Joe |TV Series |- |2013 |''Let Heaven Wait'' |Mountain |Sitcom |- |2013 |''Mzansi Love'' |Chief |TV Movie |- |2014 |''Thola 1'' |Rudzani Makwarela |TV Series |- |2015 |''The Message'' |Nkosi |TV Movie |- |2015 |''Zabalaza (2013) - Season 3'' |Official |Telenovela |- |2015 |''The Mayor'' |Lead Investor |TV Series |- |2016 |''The Last Face'' |Uncredited |Film |- |2016 |''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'' |Lucas Mahlangu |Film |- |2016 |''My Father's War'' |Floyd |Film |- |2016 |''Sokhulu & Partners'' |Ndumiso Mthunzi |TV Series |- |2016 |''Isibaya Season 3'' |Doctor |Telenovela |- |2016 |''Sounds of Silence'' |Joe Mazo |Short film |- |2016 |''The Last Tango'' |Kalala |Short film |- |2016 |''One Hundred Lives'' |Constable Mamabolo |Short film |- |2017 |''Thola 2'' |Rudzani Makwarela |TV Series |- |2017 |''Saints and Sinners'' |Zwelethu |TV Series |- |2017 |''Z'bondiwe - Season 3 (The Chase)'' |Vinnie |TV Series |- |2017 |''Bone of My Bones'' |Detective Maswanganyi |TV Series |- |2017 |''End of The Line'' |Samuel |Short film |- |2018 |''Guilt'' |Ezekiel Mokgopa |TV Series |- |2018 |''Isithembiso Season 1'' |Mr Mboweni |Telenovela |- |2019 |''Giyani: Land of Blood'' |Vukosi Moyo |Telenovela |- |2019 |''Good Omens'' |Uncredited |TV Series |- |2020 |Mafanato 1 |Percy Hlungwane |TV Series |- |2020 |''Five Tiger'' |Melusi |Short film |- |2021 |''Giyani: Land of Blood'' |Vukosi Moyo |Telenovela |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2uuzaqn5bbuj08ri6mhwybedp3fzn3u 0 9680 80798 2021-11-26T10:57:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1017596561|Majdi Smiri]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majdi Smiri''' (wavutse 1983), akunze '''kwitwa Maguy''', ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . <ref>http://www.tunivisions.net/34528/560/548/majdi-smiriun-artiste-complet-et-comble.html</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuraperi, bidatinze Smiri yabaye umuyobozi ukunzwe wa filimi zizwi cyane za televiziyo ''Talaa Wala Habet'', ''Lilet Chak'' na ''Case 460'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1983 i Tuniziya, muri [[Tuniziya]]. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/1004953/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuraperi ku izina rya Maguy<ref>https://femmesdetunisie.com/interview-de-maguy-a-majdi-smiri/</ref>. Yanditse, arahimba nyuma akora Njoum Ellil muri duet hamwe numuririmbyi Ines Chkimi<ref>https://stringfixer.com/fr/Majdi_Smiri</ref>. Mu 2006, yagaragaye bwa mbere muri sinema hamwe na firime ''Making of'' iyobowe na Nouri Bouzid. Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi mu Ishuri ry'Ubuhanzi na Sinema muri Tuniziya. Hanyuma yimukiye mu Bufaransa maze akora umwaka umwe mu ruganda rukora ibicuruzwa. Amaze gusubira muri [[Tuniziya]], yashinze uruganda rwe rukora amajwi n'amashusho, 'Underground Skills', mu 2007. Binyuze muri sosiyete, yayoboye amashusho yindirimbo nyinshi hamwe niyamamaza. Hanyuma yayoboye ibiganiro bya tereviziyo nka ''Koujinitna'' kuri tereviziyo y'igihugu, ''Urban Fen'' kuri TV ya Hannibal na ''Ser El'' Benna kuri TV ya Coujina. <ref>https://www.jetsetmagazine.net/FR.1.magazine.interviews.interview_exclusive_avec_majdi_smiri_confinement.1404</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5298041/bio</ref> Muri 2009, yakinnye nka 'Farid', umukanishi n'umuraperi, muri ikinamico ''Njoum Ellil'' iyobowe na Madih Belaïd. <ref>https://www.tuniscope.com/article/5200/harrer-el-wakt/fil-talvza/ferid-de-njoum-ellil-</ref> Muri 2012, yakoze filime ye yambere ''yumukobwa, Fausse Note'' aho yari umwanditsi akaba na producer. Muri 2015, Smiri yahawe igihembo cyerekezo cyiza cy'ikinamico ''Lilet Chak'' muri Romdhane Awards, yatanzwe na Mosaïque FM. <ref>http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/55005-romdhane-awards-2015-le-prix-de-la-meilleure-realisation-revient-a-lilet-echak</ref> Muri 2015, yanditse amagambo ya Lilet Chak, yahimbwe na Yacine Azaiez kandi yaririmbwe na Chkimi. Muri 2016, yayoboye urukurikirane rwa tereviziyo ''Bolice'' yatsindiye igihembo cyurukurikirane rwiza muri Romdhane Awards. <ref>https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualite-culturel-tunisie/19693/romdhane-awards-la-meilleure-serie-est-bolice-0-2</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2006 |''Making Of'' |Actor |Film |- |2009 |''Njoum Ellil'' |Actor: Farid |TV Series |- |2012 |''Fausse Note'' |Director |TV Series |- |2013 |''Happy Ness'' |Director, writer, producer |Film |- |2015 |''The Night of Doubt'' |Director, writer, actor |TV Mini-Series |- |2015 |''Bolice'' |Director, writer |TV Series |- |2017 |''Compulsory Choice'' |Director |TV Series |- |2019 |''Case 460'' |Director, writer |TV Mini-Series |- |2020 |''The Sculptor'' |Director |TV Series |- |2020 |''Cypher'' |Director, writer |TV Series |- |2020 |''Extreme Force Operations'' |Writer |TV Movie |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] ni3i4pwpvz9rfsm7srvv1ep1w5i23i3 0 9681 80799 2021-11-26T12:26:13Z Celestin KANUMA 9769 Created a Page wikitext text/x-wiki '''UBUZIMA BWO HAMBERE''' Yavutse 15.08.1978 '''UMWUGA WA POLITIKI''' * Kuva muri Nzeri 2018 kugeza ubu: Umudepite, Umutwe w'Abadepite, * Ukwakira 2008-2018: Umudepite / Umutwe w’abadepite na Visi Perezida wungirije w’Umutwe w’abadepite ushinzwe amategeko n’ubugenzuzi bwa guverinoma * Kuva 2006-Ukwakira 2008: Umuyobozi ushinzwe Imibanire rusange mu Karere * Kuva 2006-Ukwakira 2008: Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Mimuli - Nyagatare * Kuva 2004-2005: Internal Auditor in District<ref>Deputies' Profiles - Page 3 of 3 (parliament.gov.rw)</ref> 5htjpvnxl877xbvt6mtfyif0vg2qnr7 0 9682 80800 2021-11-26T12:33:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055737799|Ismahane Lahmar]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ismahane Lahmar''' (yavutse 25 Ukwakira 1982), ni umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka muri [[Tunisiya]] akaba aba mu [[Bufaransa]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filimi ngufi zizwi cyane ''Rainbow'', ''WOH!'' and ''Breaking News'' .<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5830683/</ref><ref>https://artify.tn/en/professional/5e78db8c42e5ad24cf7497fe</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 25 Ukwakira 1982 i [[Paris|Paris mu]] [[Bufaransa]], avukira ku babyeyi bo muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]]. Icyakora, yimukiye muri [[Tuniziya]] amaze kuvuka, abana na sekuru kugeza afite imyaka umunani. Hanyuma asubira mu Bufaransa. <ref name="cinematunisien">` http://cinematunisien.com/2020/02/20/ismahane-lahmar/</ref> <ref name="meditalents">http://meditalents.net/ismahane-lahmar/</ref> == Umwuga == Amaze gusubira mu [[Bufaransa]], yiyandikishije muri kaminuza ya Paris XII yiga ibijyanye n'ubukungu. <ref name="meditalents">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://meditalents.net/ismahane-lahmar/ "Ismahane Lahmar: life"]. meditalents<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Amaze kurangiza icyiciro cya Economics and Management, yimukiye kwiga indimi z'amahanga hamwe na mushiki we. Hagati y'umwaka wa kaminuza, yagiye mu rugendo muri [[Kanada]] maze yifatanya n'inshuti y'umuririmbyi mu ruzinduko rwa Quebec. Muri kiriya gihe, yatangiye kuyobora film. <ref name="cinematunisien">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://cinematunisien.com/2020/02/20/ismahane-lahmar/ "Ismahane Lahmar"]. cinematunisien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Yahuguye gukina mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Audiovisual Production (ESRA) i Paris. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri kaminuza ya New York abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu kuyobora. Muri 2008, yerekanwe bwa mbere muri firime ngufi ya ''Red Hope'' muri 2008. Yanditse yerekana amashusho ya ''Al Yasmine'' abifashijwemo namahugurwa ya Dubai Film Connection. <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=35845&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=480</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yahisemo kujya muri [[Tuniziya]], hamwe na filime iri ''Under the Elbow'' . Icyakora, yakuyeho icyemezo kubera imvururu za politiki mu gihugu. Mu 2014, we filimi ya kabiri ngufi ''Rainbow.'' Yatanzwe muri Nyakanga 2014 kuri Rares & Tunisiens Cycle. <ref name="cinematunisien">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://cinematunisien.com/2020/02/20/ismahane-lahmar/ "Ismahane Lahmar"]. cinematunisien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yanditse kandi ayobora filime ''Woh'', urwenya rwo muri [[Tuniziya]] rwatewe inkunga n'abaturage ba [[Tuniziya]]. Muri 2019 yashinze isosiyete ikora 'Madame Prod' aho ateza imbere akanashyigikira imishinga y'abagore na sinema. <ref>https://artify.tn/professional/5e78db8c42e5ad24cf7497fe</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2008 | ''Ku mva yawe'' | Producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2012 | ''Ukwezi 14'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | |- | 2013 | ''Gushyingirwa'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2015 | ''Umukororombya'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2016 | ''WOH!'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Amakuru Yamakuru'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] p3y22f4nnhoiymgfcansco3354613lz 0 9683 83586 80801 2022-05-14T19:12:05Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne d'Arc Gakuba''' ni umunyarwandakazi uba muri politike akaba mwishyaka rya a Rwandan politician of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) inkotanyi, yabaye kandi umuyobozi wungirije mubuyobozi bwimari muri manda ya kabiri ya sena y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-likely-be-next-senate-president</ref> == Amasomo == Jeanne d' Arc yabonye Impamyabumenyi yicyiciro cyakabiri cya Kaminuza mubumenyi bwisi ayikuye muri Kaminuza y'u burundi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Jeanne d'Arc yavukiye i kamonyi mu Rwanda kandi ni umubyeyi wabana bane.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2011 Jeanne d' Arc yastindiye umwanya muri sena y'u Rwanda kumajwi 80.78 kwijana,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref>akaba yarayivuyemo muri 2019.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/10/new-rwanda-senate-president-assumes-office/</ref> yahoze ari umwarimu mumashuri yisumbuye, yabaye umuyobozi ucunga ikigo cy'imari <ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2017/10/11/rwandan-womans-journey-elected-office-began-us/</ref>. yatorewe kandi kuba umuyobozi wungirije wumujyi wa kigali muri 2001 akaba yarahakozemo imyaka icumi. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref>. yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa Pro Fermmes Twese Hamwe mugihe cyimyaka itatu, yabaye na none umuyobozi mubijyanye nubumenyi bwikirere muri minisitere yibikorwa remezo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35732</ref> <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] 0h9mbt2l4c7yim3h2zs8cc95npjiuv1 0 9684 80802 2021-11-26T12:52:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/988688375|Madih Belaid]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madih Belaïd''' (yavutse 1 Mutarama 1974), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa ''serivise za tereviziyo zizwi cyane na firime zirimo Naouret El Hawa'', ''Al Akaber'' na ''Allo'' . <ref name="cinematunisien">http://cinematunisien.com/2019/06/17/madih-belaid/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1974 i Sousse, muri [[Tuniziya]]. Yashakanye n'umukinnyi w'amafirime ukomoka muri [[Tuniziya]] Rim Riahi aho abashakanye bafite abana batatu<ref>http://www.africine.org/personne/madih-belaid/14491</ref>. == Umwuga == Yize ibijyanye no gukina amafilime mu kigo cya Maghrebian Institute of Cinema muri Tunis kuva 1994 kugeza 1997<ref>https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualite-mosaique-fm-tunisie/18451/madih-belaid-et-zahira-ben-ammar-invites-de-romdhane-show</ref>. Nyuma yo kwimenyereza umwuga mu majwi no kuyobora, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije ku mashusho menshi muri Tuniziya no mu mahanga kandi yitabira amahugurwa yo kwandika mu [[Bufaransa]], [[Ubudage]] na Maroc. <ref name="cinematunisien">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://cinematunisien.com/2019/06/17/madih-belaid/ "Madih Belaid: Director"]. cinematunisien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 1996, yanditse kandi ayobora firime ngufi: ''Tout bouille rien ne bouge'' <ref>http://cinematunisien.com/2019/06/17/madih-belaid/</ref>. Yayoboye filime ye yo gutanga impamyabumenyi, ''Croix X'' muri 2006 , yakoze ''L'Ascenseur ya'' gatatu muri 2007 nyuma Allô muri 2008. <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=14491&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=480</ref> Muri 2014, yahawe igihembo cyo gukora neza ikinamico ya ''Naouret El Hawa'' muri Romdhane Awards yahawe na Mosaïque FM. <ref>http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40234-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-realisation-revient-a-naouret-lahwe</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yagizwe umunyamuryango w’abacamanza ku nshuro ya kabiri iserukiramuco rya Les Nuits du court métrage Tunisien i Paris. <ref>https://maisondelatunisie.org/communique-de-presse-les-nuits-du-court-metrage-tunisien-12-et-13-decembre-2014-paris-2eme-edition-resultats-de-la-competition/</ref> Muri 2016, yatsindiye igihembo ''cyumuyobozi mwiza w'ikinamico Al Akaber'' muri Romdhane Awards. <ref>https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/actualite-culturel-tunisie/19699/romdhane-awards-le-meilleur-realisateur-est-madih-belaid</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2003 |''L'île maudite'' |Second assistant director |TV Movie |- |2008 |''Allo'' |Director |Short film |- |2010 |''Augustine: The Decline of the Roman Empire'' |Second assistant director |TV Movie |- |2013 |''Njoum Ellil'' |Director, actor: Police investigator |TV Series |- |2015 |''Windmill'' |Director |TV Series |- |2016 |''Al Akaber'' |Director |TV Mini-Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] kd0q1r2po1955ipfht1ajxgca042fh5 0 9685 80803 2021-11-26T13:06:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1018428977|Rim Riahi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rim Riahi''' (yavutse 17 Gashyantare 1977), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Tuniziya]]. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/1997177/</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare 'Hanène Lahmar' muri televiziyo ya ''Naouret El Hawa'' . <ref>http://www.tunisia-today.com/archives/62873</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Gashyantare 1977 muri [[Tuniziya]]. Yashakanye n'umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Tuniziya]] Madih Belaïd aho abashakanye bafite abana batatu<ref>https://celebrity.tn/rim-riahi-wiki/</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1997 yatangiye umwuga wo gukina na filimi ''El Khottab Al Bab'' yakinagamo 'Raoudha'. Intsinzi yuruhererekane, yatoranijwe muri film ya ''Moon Wedding'' yo mu 1998 iyobowe na Taïeb Louhichi. Hanyuma mu 1999, yagaragaye muri filimi ''Ghalia'' iyobowe na Moncef El Kateb.<ref>https://elcinema.com/en/work/2045775/episodes/7060780/</ref> Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyagihumbi gishya, yahawe umwanya wa mbere muri filimi, aho yakinnye nka 'Lilia Mardoum-Srairi' muri filimi izwi cyane ya ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'' iyobowe na Slaheddine Essid mu 2002. Mu 2006, yakinnye nka 'Zohra' muri serivise ya Hayet ''Wa Amani ya'' Mohamed Ghodhbane<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/surfaces-and-interfaces/vol/18/suppl/C</ref>. Muri 2014, yakinnye muri filimi ''Naouret El Hawa'', iyobowe n'umugabo we Belaïd. Uruhererekane rwamenyekanye cyane maze ahabwa igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza kubera uruhare rwe nka 'Hanène Lahmar' muri serial ''Naouret El Hawa'' muri uwo mwaka. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Ramadhan Award muri Romdhane Awards yahawe na Mosaïque FM. <ref>http://archivev2.mosaiquefm.net/fr/index/a/ActuDetail/Element/40237-romdhane-awards-le-prix-de-meilleure-actrice-revient-a-rim-riahi</ref> <ref>https://www.babnet.net/cadredetail-10168.asp</ref> == Amashusho == * 1998: ''Ubukwe bw'ukwezi'', na Taïeb Louhichi * 2006: ''Ellombara'', na Ali Abidi * 2010: ''Isaha yanyuma'', na Ali Abidi == ahandi yagaragaye muri filimi == * 1997: ''El Khottab Al Bab'' (igihe cya 2), na Slaheddine Essid : Raoudha * 1999: ''Ghalia'', na Moncef El Kateb * 2002: ''Gamret Sidi Mahrous'', na Slaheddine Essid * 2005: ''Mal Wa Amal'', na Abdelkader Jerbi * 2006: ''Hayet Wa Amani'', na Mohamed Ghodhbane * 2010: ''Njoum Ellil'' (igihe cya 2), na Madih Belaïd * 2014–2015: ''Naouret El Hawa'', na Madih Belaïd * 2016: ''Al Akaber'', na Madih Belaïd * 2020: Nouba na Abdelhamid Bouchnak * 2021: ''Machair'' by Miuhammet Gök : Rym == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] sex5z02dkrw2dkrvohdxrtgulihgg7o 0 9686 80804 2021-11-26T13:47:42Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Hon Sen Perrine Mukankusi wikitext text/x-wiki Hon Sen. Perrine Mukankusi ni [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-ni-ubwoko-bukomeye-nubwo-twakoze-jenoside-senateur-mukankusi umunyapolitike]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-ni-ubwoko-bukomeye-nubwo-twakoze-jenoside-senateur-mukankusi</ref> akaba n'umunyamategeko mu Inteko Ishinga amategeko mu Rwanda. == Imirimo Yakoze == Hon Sen Perrine Mukankusi yasuye urwibutso rwa [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89784/kwibuka25-senateri-mukankusi-perrine-yijeje-ko-urwibutso-rwabazize-jenoside-yakorewe-abatu-89784.html abazize Jenoside]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89784/kwibuka25-senateri-mukankusi-perrine-yijeje-ko-urwibutso-rwabazize-jenoside-yakorewe-abatu-89784.html</ref> ya korewe abatutsi muri 1994 rwa Mubuga kuko yasanze rundakoze neza, abizeza ko leta ibifite mu nshinga zayo kurwubaka. Yateguye amahugurwa aho yatanganga [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-ni-ubwoko-bukomeye-nubwo-twakoze-jenoside-senateur-mukankusi ibiganiro kuri gahunda]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-ni-ubwoko-bukomeye-nubwo-twakoze-jenoside-senateur-mukankusi</ref> ya "Ndi ununyarwanda" yavuzeko abanyarwanda ari ubwoko bukomeye. Senateri Perrine Mukankusi [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amakimbirane-ashingiye-ku-butaka-ngo-si-ikibazo-ikibazo-ni-ihohoterwa-ryo-mu yasuye Akarere ka karongi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amakimbirane-ashingiye-ku-butaka-ngo-si-ikibazo-ikibazo-ni-ihohoterwa-ryo-mu</ref> aho yaganiriye na baturage bakamubwira ko bafite ikibazo cya makimbirane y'ubutaka, Senateri Perrine Mukankusi we asanga icyo atariho hari ikibazo ahubwo we asanga igihangayikishije ari ihohoterwa riri mungo ahenshi batanga barivuga. == Ubuzima Bwite == Hon Sen Perrine Mukankusi arubatse afite abana babiri umuhungu n'umukobwa. == Reba aha == mw3dodo9guozkc1hscx4hoks07l9h4z 0 9687 80806 80805 2021-11-26T14:07:04Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Basigayabo Marcelline wikitext text/x-wiki Hon Sen. Basigayabo Marcelline ni [https://www.hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=589&art=Dore%20abazaba%20bahagarariye%20Intara%20zo.html Umunyapolitike]<ref>https://www.hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=589&art=Dore%20abazaba%20bahagarariye%20Intara%20zo.html</ref> mu akaba ari umwe mu bagize Inteko inshinga amategeko Mu Nteko nshinga amategeko y'u Rwanda. == Reba aha == 3czssws3fko2o9gy2ywo3ldzd2z389u 0 9688 80807 2021-11-26T14:55:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053461267|Djafar Gacem]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Djafar Gacem''' (yavutse 18 Nzeri 1966), rimwe na rimwe nka '''Djaâfar Gacem''', ni umuyobozi wa firime muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . <ref>http://bourse-dz.com/djaafar-gacem-condamnation-chaines-tv-algerie/</ref> <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/djaffar-gacem/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa serivise zizwi cyane kuri tereviziyo na firime ''Nass Mlah City'', ''Family'' ''Djemai, Sultan Achour 10'' na ''Bouzid Days'' . <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1070225/culture/avec-heliopolis-djaffar-gacem-veut-representer-lalgerie-aux-oscars-2021/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1966 i Algiers, [[Alijeriya]]. == Umwuga == Mu 2001, yayoboye televiziyo ya sitasiyo ya ''Nass Mlah City'' yerekanwe bwa mbere kuri Télévision Algérienne, Canal Algérie na A3 ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2002. Sitcoms yishimiye cyane muri Alijeriya mu myaka ya za 2000. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeune_Afrique</ref> Urukurikirane rwasojwe muri Werurwe 2006 nyuma y'ibice 119 mu bihe bitatu. Mu mwaka wa 2006, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umuyobozi mwiza mu birori bya Fennec d'or y'uruhererekane. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa ''Nass Mlah City'', yayoboye urukurikirane rwa tereviziyo ''Djemai Family'' mu 2008 rwahawe igihembo cyiza mu iserukiramuco rya Fennec d'or. Hanyuma muri 2013, yakoze urukurikirane rwa ''Dar El Bahdja'' hanyuma ''Sultan Achour 10'' muri 2015. Muri 2019, yayoboye filime ye ya mbere yerekana amateka ya ''Héliopolis'' . Kwerekana firime byagombaga gutinda kubera ingaruka zanduye COVID-19 ku nganda za firime muri Alijeriya. <ref>https://www.24hdz.com/djaffar-gacem-heliopolis-est-un-film-politique-une-fiction-autour-de-faits-reels/</ref> Iyi filimi yasohotse ku ya 25 Ukwakira 2020, amaherezo isuzumwa bikomeye ku ya 4 Ugushyingo 2020. <ref>https://www.elwatan.com/edition/culture/avant-premiere-du-film-heliopolis-du-realisateur-djaffar-gacem-tout-ce-quil-faut-savoir-sur-ce-long-metrage-de-fiction-07-11-2020</ref> Yatoranijwe nkuwinjira muri [[Alijeriya]] muri Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga Yerekana ibihembo bya 93 . <ref>http://dia-algerie.com/le-film-heliopolis-de-djaafar-gassem-representera-lalgerie-aux-oscars-2021/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2002–06 | ''Umujyi wa Nass Mlah'' | Umuyobozi, producer, umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2005 | ''Mobilis: miliyoni 2 d'abonnés'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Filime ngufi |- | 2005 | ''Mobilink: Oria'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Filime ngufi |- | 2013 | Dar El Bahdja | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 | [[:fr:Bouzid Days|Bouzid Days]] | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015-2017 | ''Sultan Achour 10'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Héliopolis'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] d5p3u6nvc2danflv6ol17nhciug4kqt 0 9689 80808 2021-11-26T15:15:25Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Hon. IMANIRIHO Clarisse wikitext text/x-wiki Hon. IMANIRIHO Clarisse wavutse Taliki27 Ugushyingo 1995 ku myaka 23 [https://en.igihe.com/news/imaniriho-23-rwanda-s-youngest-mp-promises yatorewe kuba umudepite]<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/imaniriho-23-rwanda-s-youngest-mp-promises</ref> mu Rwanda kandi niwe [https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html mudepite muto mu mateka]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html</ref> y'u Rwanda mu Nteko Inshinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda. == Imirimo Ye == Yatorewe Kuba umudepite [https://en.igihe.com/news/imaniriho-23-rwanda-s-youngest-mp-promises ubwo yarangizaga]<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/imaniriho-23-rwanda-s-youngest-mp-promises</ref> Kaminuza y'urwanda, Yinjiye mu Nteko agiye guhagararira Urubyuruko,ubwo amatora yabaga 2018 agatsinda n'amajwi 52.9. Ubwo yaganiraga n'ibinyamakuru yavuze ukuntu yitinyutse Yavuzeko "Umwana w'umukobwa afite amahirwe ndetse avuga ko urubyuko rufite amahirwe rutango kubyaza umusaruro kuko Perezida Poul Kagame arwitayeho cyane". Hon IMANIRIHO Clarisse yitabiriye [http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/covid-19-yagaragajwe-nk-imbogamizi-ikomeye-ku-mahoro Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wa Mahoro]<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/covid-19-yagaragajwe-nk-imbogamizi-ikomeye-ku-mahoro</ref> wahuje Urubyuriko Rwo hirya no hino na bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko wari wateguwe na Never Again Rwanda Aho [https://igihe.com/spip.php?page=v5article&id_article=157342 yasabye urubyuruko kwigira kungaruka za Covid 19]<ref>https://igihe.com/spip.php?page=v5article&id_article=157342</ref> rukiyungura ubumenyi buzarufasha mu guhangana nacyo nko kwiteganiriza nibindi. == Impamyabumenyi afite(amashuri) == Hon. IMANIRIHO yabonye [https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html impamyabumenyi ya Bacaro]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html</ref> yakuye mu kaminuza y'uRwanda ubwo yarangizaga mu 2017, kandi afite Impamyabumenyi cy'iciro cya kabiri ya Kaminuza == Ubuzima Bwite == Hon. IMANIRIHO Clarisse aracyari ingaragu [https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html Yavukiwe Mu Murenge wa Bwishyura]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/09/video-imbamutima-za-clarisse-wabaye.html</ref> wo mu Karere ka Karongi niwe mu hererezi mu bana bane na Nyina wa pfakaye. == Reba Aha == tad46t2zassc1bujz9s8t1ed13jhros 0 9690 80811 80809 2021-11-26T15:34:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1020200258|Brighton Ngoma]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brighton Ngoma''' (yavutse 1985), ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref name="news24">https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/scandals-brighton-ngoma-on-living-with-vitiligo-its-ok-to-stand-out-20200624</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise za tereviziyo ''Invictus'',''Who Am I?'' na ''Master Harold ... ,na The Boys'' . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/38549-brighton-ngoma-biography-age-son-girlfriend-vitiligo-scandal-instagram.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1985 i Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, [[Afurika y'Epfo]] kandi afite umurage wa Xhosa n'Ubusuwisi. <ref>https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2014/09/10-things-didnt-know-brighton-ngoma/</ref> Se yari umuganga mugihe nyina ari umuforomo. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/archive/brighton-ngoma-talks-about-his-difficult-upbringing-and-losing-his-mom-20170728</ref> Ngoma afite murumuna we. Se yamusize afite imyaka 5, aho yakuriye hamwe na nyina. Mu 2002, igihe yari afite imyaka 17, nyina yarapfuye. Nyuma yaho, undi muryango wareze murumuna we. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/38549-brighton-ngoma-biography-age-son-girlfriend-vitiligo-scandal-instagram.html</ref> Ngoma ifite uruhu rwitwa Vitiligo, rutera uruhu gutakaza pigmentation, bikavamo ibara. Yashakanye na mugenzi we w'amafirime Tshepi Mashego akaba se w'umuhungu umwe, Leano, wavutse muri Mutarama 2017. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umuyobozi wigenga. Hanyuma yatangiye gukina muri tereviziyo izwi cyane ya ''Scandal'' nka extrait igaragara. Umuyobozi amaze kubona ubushobozi bwe bwo gukina, Ngoma yahise azamurwa mu ntera ashyigikirwa. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/38549-brighton-ngoma-biography-age-son-girlfriend-vitiligo-scandal-instagram.html</ref> Icyakora nyuma y'amezi make, yazamuwe mu ntera kugira uruhare runini rw'imiterere 'Quinton Nyathi'. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/scandal-actor-brighton-ngoma-embraces-living-with-vitiligo-20190627</ref> Iki gitaramo cyabaye imwe mu masabune akurikiranwa cyane muri Afrika yepfo, <ref>https://www.msn.com/en-za/entertainment/local/a-look-at-five-of-the-top-soapies-on-tv-screens-in-south-africa/ar-BBZnAVO</ref> <ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/south-africas-most-watched-tv-shows-soapies-ratings/</ref> kandi yanatangajwe muri [[Afurika|Afrika yose]] kuri eAfrica, e.tv Botswana na e.tv Gana . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2008 2021 | ''Urukozasoni!'' UBettina Wethu | Quinton Nyathi T-bang | Urukurikirane rwa TV Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] iuz5sj9swfjj3e4rsfrm143w1hfnbke 0 9691 80810 2021-11-26T15:33:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1043765216|Nunu Khumalo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nqobile Nunu Khumalo''' (yavutse 15 Mata 1992), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba ari numu model <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/scandal-actress-nqobile-khumalo-on-her-career-my-job-as-a-storyteller-is-to-tell-peoples-stories-20191129</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri ''serivise za'' tereviziyo Isibaya, ''Soul City'' na ''Scandal!'' . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/51077-nunu-khumalo-bio-age-family-hairstyles-stunning-pictures-profiles.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Mata 1992 i Mpumalanga, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango wa Siswati. Igihe yari afite amezi abiri, umuryango we wimukiye i Johannesburg. Mu mwaka wa 2012, yize muri St Mary's Diocesan School of Girls, Pretoria amashuri yisumbuye. Nyuma yinjiye mu kigo cya Midrand Graduate Institute arangiza impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu itangazamakuru. <ref name="briefly">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://briefly.co.za/51077-nunu-khumalo-bio-age-family-hairstyles-stunning-pictures-profiles.html "Nunu Khumalo"]. briefly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2013, yagaragaye muri filimi ya mbere mu gihembwe cya mbere cya filimi izwi cyane ''Isibaya'' . Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye nka 'Cindy'. Muri 2016, yakinnye nka 'Hlengiwe Twala', muri serivise yikinamico ya eTV ''Scandal!'' . <ref>https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/nqobile-nunu-khumalo/wcw-scandals-nunu-khumalo</ref> Nyuma yaje gutsindira igihembo mpuzamahanga nk'umukinnyi mwiza wa [[Afurika]] witwaye neza muri New Vision International Film Festival, yabereye i Amsterdam mu [[Buholandi]], 2019 kubera uruhare. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/nqobile-khumalo-wins-award-for-etv-scandal-black-tax-storyline-33861506</ref> <ref>https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2019/10/nqobile-khumalo/6</ref> Hanyuma yakinnye kuri filimi ya ''Soul City'' aho yakinnye cyane 'Relebogile “Riri”' Diholo '. <ref name="briefly">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://briefly.co.za/51077-nunu-khumalo-bio-age-family-hairstyles-stunning-pictures-profiles.html "Nunu Khumalo"]. briefly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>https://clipkulture.com/meet-beautiful-nunu-khumalo-aka-hlengiwe-of-e-tvs-drama-series-scandal/</ref> == Amashusho == * ''Isibaya'' nka Cindy * ''Indahiro'' Yacitse nka Zandile * ''Kuzunguruka hejuru'' nka Thandi * ''Gauteng Maboneng'' Umukecuru mwiza * ''Loxion Lyric ''' nka Nhlahla * ''Umuhanda wa Mfolozi'' nka Yudita * ''Abera n'abanyabyaha'' nka Lerato * ''Madiba'' nkumugore wumunyafrika mu kazu gatukura * ''Rockville'' nka Nosipho * ''Niwe'' wenyine * ''Ubusho'' nka Dudu * ''Task Force'' nka Lisa * ''Ubugingo Umujyi'' nka Relebogile “Riri <nowiki>''</nowiki> Diholo * ''Urukozasoni!'' nka Hlengiwe Twala * Nqobile nka Nqobile Nkosi == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 9eh3868nybjll7e5o344on67bzvjhx1 0 9692 80812 2021-11-26T15:44:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033830964|Jack Devnarain]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Devnarain''' (yavutse 9 Gashyantare 1971), ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref name="official">[http://www.jackdevnarain.co.za/about-me h ttp://www.jackdevnarain.co.za/about-me]</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise za tereviziyo''The Ghost and the Darkness'', ''Isidingo'' na ''Mayfair'' . <ref>https://faizalsayed.com/index.php/2020/06/26/actor-jack-devnarain-talks-about-his-life-and-activism/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1971 i Tongaat, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref name="official">{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Nyina yari umwarimu w'ikinamico. <ref name="PAIA">http://www.702.co.za/index.php/articles/247810/friday-profile-jack-devnarain-aka-rajesh-kumar</ref> Yashakanye na Pam Devnarain kandi ni se w'abana babiri. <ref>https://okmzansi.co.za/10-things-dont-know-jack-devnarain</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina i Durban abinyujije mu muziki rusange. Muri kiriya gihe, yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya KZN arangiza mu 1993. Mu 1996, yatangiye gukina filime muri ''The Ghost and Darkness'' afite uruhare ruto. Hanyuma mu 1998, yagaragaye muri televiziyo izwi cyane ''Isidingo'' afite uruhare runini 'Rajesh Kumar' yamenyekanye cyane. <ref name="PAIA">{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yakoraga mu gipolisi imyaka icyenda kugeza mu 2003 mu ishami ryihutirwa no gukumira ibyaha aho yari azwi cyane kubera ifatwa rye n’icyaha. Icyakora, yakomeje kugaragara kuri tereviziyo, sinema ndetse n’ikinamico mu buzima bwe bwemewe n'amategeko. <ref name="jack">https://www.saguildofactors.co.za/bio/jack-devnarain</ref> Mu 2002, yimukiye i Johannesburg kuba umukinnyi wabigize umwuga. Muri 2011, yakinnye muri firime ya heist film ''31 miliyoni reasons'' ayiyobowe. <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3095</ref> Nyuma yaje kubona nomero ya SAFTA nkumukinnyi witwaye neza muri firime. Muri 2015, yari mu itsinda rya Trek4Mandela ryateranije Kilimanjaro ku munsi wa Mandela 2015, akaba ari umuhate wo gukusanya inkunga yo gutera inkunga Caring4Girls. <ref name="jack">{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Kuva icyo gihe yabaye umwe mu bagize Komite Nyobozi y’ishyirahamwe ry’abakinnyi bo muri Afurika yepfo (SAGA) kuva mu 2010. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-06-24-jack-devnarain-disappointed-that-ramaphosa-didnt-sign-the-performers-bill/</ref> Muri 2018, yagaragaye muri firime yo muri Afurika yepfo yibyaha byibasiye ''Mayfair'' . Yakinnye uruhare rwa 'Jalaal' muri film, nyuma yaje gusubirwamo neza. <ref>https://filmfestival.capetown/mayfair/</ref> <ref>https://m.channel24.co.za/Movies/Reviews/mayfair-20181014</ref> Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya 62 rya BFI London na Afurika mu iserukiramuco rya Filime mu Kwakira 2018. <ref>https://www.indianspice.co.za/2018/09/johannesburgs-mayfair-suburb-goes-international-in-new-movie/</ref> <ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2018/11/06/film/business/mayfair-opens-to-great-reviews/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1996 |''The Ghost and the Darkness'' |Nervous Sikh Orderly |Film |- |2004 |''The Eastern Bride'' |Zahoor Mustafa |Home Video |- |2005 |''City Ses'la'' |Uncle Prakash |TV Series |- |2008 |''On the Couch'' |Dev |TV Series |- |2009 |''Tornado and the Kalahari Horse Whisperer'' |Doctor |Film |- |2010 |''Florida Road'' |Doctor |Film |- |2011 |''31 Million Reasons'' |Ronnie Gopal |Film |- |2018 |''Liberty'' |Mr. Bhandari |TV Mini-Series |- |TBD |''Alleyway'' |Doctor Hakeem |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] eu6r4ugj8sa4z164pr6j57qcuoomlob 0 9693 80813 2021-11-26T15:55:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055920293|Shahir Chundra]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahir 'Shaz' Chundra''' (yavutse ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1980), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] ukomoka mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde.]] <ref>https://about.me/shahirc</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise za tereviziyo ''Stellenbosch'', ''Abanyamwuga'' ndetse ''n'isi itagaragara'' . <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=8209</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1980 i Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango w'Abahinde. <ref>http://www.artistconnection.co.za/controller/artist/65</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye gukina afite imyaka 5 nkumukinnyi wumwana. Afite imyaka 17, yatangiye impamyabumenyi yo gukina amafilime muri AFDA, Ishuri ryubukungu bwo guhanga i Johannesburg. Amaze kurangiza, yayoboye ibitaramo byamamaye byurubyiruko muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] SABC harimo;''Street Journal'' and ''Kasi 101 and Noted'' . <ref>https://en.notrecinema.com/communaute/stars/stars.php3?staridx=308289</ref> Muri kiriya gihe, yakoze nk'umwanditsi wa sitcoms yo muri Afrika yepfo: ''My Perfect Family'' and ''Majakhatata Records''. . Mu 2011 yimukiye muri [[Amerika]] yiga gukina muri New York Film Academy. Yabaye umuyobozi muri''Survivor South Africa Champions'' na ''Masterchef Season 3'' . Nyuma yaje kuba Umuyobozi muri Power Couple South Africa.. Nkumuyobozi wuruhererekane, yakoze progaramu nyinshi zizwi nka ''Reality Check na Bootcamp Msanzi Celebrity Edition'' na ''Zavion Season 1'' . <ref name="tvsa">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=8209 "Shahir Chundra"]. tvsa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Ni n'umucuranzi wakoraga nk'umuririmbyi ukomeye w'itsinda rya rock, 'MadLove', aho yitabiriye inshuro 3 kumurongo wa 1. Mu 2005, yagaragaye muri filimi ''Isidingo'' aho yakinnye ''nk'umuyobozi Brown'' mu bice bibiri. Igitaramo cyamenyekanye cyane kandi kirakomeza kugeza muri 2012. Yagaragaye kandi muri serial: ''7de Laan'' na ''Entabeni'' . Muri 2014, yakinnye muri Emmy yegukanye ibihembo mpuzamahanga bya ''Homeland'' season 4, aho yakinnye nka 'Infantry Major' mubice " Krieg Nicht Lieb ". Muri 2017, yakinnye umugome wambere, 'Raj Pillay' muri serial ''Bedford Wives'' yerekanwe kuri SABC 3. Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri filime ''Igikorwa cyo Kwanga'' . Muri 2018, yagaragaye muri firime yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] yibyaha byibasiye ''Mayfair'' . Yakinnye uruhare rwa 'Parvez' muri film, nyuma yaje kwakirwa neza. <ref>https://filmfestival.capetown/mayfair/</ref> <ref>https://m.channel24.co.za/Movies/Reviews/mayfair-20181014</ref> Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya 62 rya BFI London na Afurika mu iserukiramuco rya Filime mu Kwakira 2018. <ref>https://www.indianspice.co.za/2018/09/johannesburgs-mayfair-suburb-goes-international-in-new-movie/</ref> <ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2018/11/06/film/business/mayfair-opens-to-great-reviews/</ref> Muri 2019, yakinnye muminsi ''3 yo kugenda'' kandi akina 'Roy'. Iyi filime yasohotse mu ikinamico ku ya 25 Mutarama 2019. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/thepost/3-days-to-go-is-a-crazy-family-drama-18852015</ref> <ref>https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-movies/2070720/3-days-to-go-review-an-enjoyable-romp/</ref> Muri 2019, yabaye Umuyobozi wuruhererekane kuri televiziyo ''The Bachelor'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005–12 | ''Isidingo: Birakenewe'' | Umukozi Brown | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2008 | ''Entabeni'' | Umukozi Cole | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2014 | ''Igihugu'' | Ingabo za Gisirikare | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Igikorwa cyo gusuzugura'' | Mac Maharaj | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Mayfair'' | Parvez | Filime |- | 2019 | ''Impamyabumenyi'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 | ''Iminsi 3 yo kugenda'' | Roy | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] pvi5ck9pelrh8e4oiybgpb01rgknxkr 0 9694 80814 2021-11-26T16:07:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1002290114|Rajesh Gopie]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rajesh Gopie,''' ni umukinnnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] uturuka muri [[Ubuhinde|Indian]] . <ref>https://www.apm.co.za/artiste/rajesh-gopie-1142/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise za tereviziyo ''Stellenbosch'', ''Professionals'' and ''The World Unseen'' == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Durban, muri Afurika y'Epfo mu muryango w'Abahinde. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BA mu Cyongereza, Ikinamico n'Amateka muri kaminuza ya Natal . <ref name="esat">https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Rajesh_Gopie</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2020, nyirasenge Dolly Singh yapfuye afite imyaka 76 azize indwara ya COVID-19. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/post-south-africa/20200708/281479278703101</ref> == Umwuga == Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yimukiye mu [[Bwongereza]] umwaka umwe yiga ikinamico. Amaze gusubira muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo, yakoze ikinamico ''hanze ya Bound'' ivuga ku buzima n'ibihe by'imiryango y'Abahinde bo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://www.loot.co.za/product/rajesh-gopie-out-of-bounds/rjmh-1440-g270</ref> Amaze gusubira muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], yinjiye mu makinamico menshi nka''Be Proud, Be Yourself'', ''Out of Bounds'' (1999), ''The Coolie Odyssey'' (2002), ''The Tale of the Allergist’s Wife'', ''The Chimp Project'', ''Romeo and Juliet'', ''Back to the Faith'', ''Mahatma vs Gandhi'', ''The Pinter Sketches'', ''The Wiz'' and ''Hamlet'' (2005). Hagati aho, yakoraga nk'umwanditsi w'amakinamico ku makinamico,''Out of Bounds'' (1999), ''Be Proud'', ''Be Yourself Out of Bounds'' (2001), ''Mahatma-Madiba'', ''Marital Bliss'' and ''Too Close for Comfort'' . Mu 2001, yatsindiye igihembo cyimyandikire myiza y’abasangwabutaka muri Fleur du Cap Theatre Awards kubera ikinamico ''Out of Bound'' . Yayoboye kandi, yandika kandi akina ikinamico izwi cyane ya ''Coolie Odyssey'' mu 2002. <ref>http://www.jayabhattacharjirose.com/tag/rajesh-gopie/</ref> Muri 2013 yahawe buruse ya Oppenheimer aho yagiye i Londres gukurikirana amasomo ya nyuma. Nyuma yarangije icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu mahugurwa y'abakinnyi no gutoza mu ishuri rikuru rya Royal Central Speech and Drama muri 2014. Muri 2015, yabaye umuyobozi w'ikinamico hamwe na ''Yerma'' ikinamico yanditswe na Federico García Lorca. <ref>https://artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=37640</ref> Muri 2017, yakinnye muri firime yo gusetsa yo muri Afurika yepfo ''Gukomeza hamwe na Kandasamys'' iyobowe na Jayan Moodley. Iyi filime ibaye filime ya mbere yo muri Afurika yepfo yerekanwe cyane mu makinamico. Irimo Jailoshini Naidoo, Maeshni Naicker, Madhushan Singh, na Mishqah Parthiephal . Iyi filime yaje kuba filime yinjije amafaranga menshi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] muri 2017, ndetse na filime yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yinjije amafaranga menshi ku isi muri 2017. <ref>https://www.ecr.co.za/news/entertainment/keeping-kandasamys-makes-r16-million-box-office/</ref> Muri 2018, yagaragaye muri firime yo muri Afurika yepfo yibyaha byibasiye ''Mayfair'' . Yakinnye cyane muri 'Aziz' muri film, nyuma yaje kwakirwa neza. <ref>https://filmfestival.capetown/mayfair/</ref> <ref>https://m.channel24.co.za/Movies/Reviews/mayfair-20181014</ref> Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya 62 rya BFI London na Afurika mu iserukiramuco rya Filime mu Kwakira 2018. <ref>https://www.indianspice.co.za/2018/09/johannesburgs-mayfair-suburb-goes-international-in-new-movie/</ref> <ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2018/11/06/film/business/mayfair-opens-to-great-reviews/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1993 | ''Ibisekuruza'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2004 | ''Ubworoherane bwa Zeru'' | Raks Moodley | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2004 | ''Umugeni wiburasirazuba'' | Masoud Boutros | Filime yo murugo |- | 2007 | ''Isi itagaragara'' | Sadru | Filime |- | 2007 | ''Stellenbosch'' | Kishore Patel | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2008 | ''Hansie: Inkuru Yukuri'' | Rakesh | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Gukomeza hamwe na Kandasamys'' | Preggie Naidoo | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Amazi meza'' | Jeffrey Nasser | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Umupolisi'' | Umuturanyi | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2018 | ''Mayfair'' | Aziz | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Ababigize umwuga'' | Ajay Khan | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Ibikoresho bishya'' | Shabir | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 5ekfe0djlwfhru9lomihyn6gmpnhg1j 0 9695 80815 2021-11-26T16:24:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029205549|Katleho Ramaphakela]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katleho Ramaphakela,''' ni umukinnyi wa filimi akaba na producer muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi akaba na producer wa seri zizwi cyane za tereviziyo na firime ''Check Coast'', ''Thulani No Thuli'' na ''Seriously Single'' .<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/movies/seriously-single-review.html</ref> <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17776</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Afite murumuna we: Tshepo na mushiki we: Rethabile . == Umwuga == Hamwe na murumuna we na mushiki we, Rethabile yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'Burnt Onion' mu 2010. <ref>https://mipblog.com/2019/04/global-hotspot/</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yakinnye nka 'Thami' mu ikinamico ya SABC1 ya ''Intersexions'' ndetse nyuma yaje gutorwa mu gihembo cya SAFTA mu cyiciro cy’abakinnyi beza mu rukurikirane rw’ikinamico. Yakoze sitcoms ya SABC1 ''My Perfect Family'', ''Thuli noThulani'', na Vuzu mockumentary ''Check-Coast'' . <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2064675/</ref> Usibye production, yaje kugaragara kuri sitidiyo izwi cyane muri filimi na serial nka ''Scandal!'',''Wild at Heart'', ''Isidingo'',''Backstage'' and ''Kota Life Crisis'' . Usibye filimi, yakinnye muri firime nkeya zirimo: ''Blood and Oil'', ''Mary and Martha'', ''Iron Will'', ''Finding Lenny'' and ''Journey is the Destination'' . Ni n'umwanditsi wamamaye, wanditse ibihangano byinshi bya 'Lokshin Bioskop' ''Uyaphapha'', ''Reflections'', ''Check-Coast'', ''4 Hours'', ''Kasi Superhero'' and ''Naledi''<ref>https://za.opera.news/za/en/entertainment/c0487bbd0cf2fcf92cb11facdd5f0c80</ref> . Muri 2017, yakinnye nka 'Detective Dlamini' muri filime ya ''Bedford Wives''<ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshow.aspx?showid=5510</ref> .  Muri Kanama 2020, yayoboye filime isetsa ''Seriously Single'' hamwe na mushiki we Rethabile. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/seriously-singles-bohang-moeko-and-yonda-thomas-reflect-on-love-and-dating-20200817</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 | ''Gukubita'' | Umugurisha Ikinyamakuru | Filime ngufi |- | 2005 | ''Inyuma'' | Neo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2005 | ''Umutima ususurutse'' | Tembo | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 | ''Amaraso n'amavuta'' | John Nanawe | Filime ya TV |- | 2010 | ''Guhuza'' | Thami | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 | ''Ishyamba kumutima'' | Sizwe | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 | ''Mariya na Marita'' | Umuganga wo muri Afrika yepfo | Filime ya TV |- | 2014 | ''Ubuzima bwa Kota'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 | ''Reba Inkombe'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 | ''Umuryango wanjye utunganye'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Thulani No Thuli'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Abagore ba Bedford'' | Umushakashatsi Dlamini, producer nyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Umuyobozi, producer nyobozi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] dfky5xizqzyvglq3rlnqagqnyfy8ga8 0 9696 80816 2021-11-26T16:31:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029206097|Rethabile Ramaphakela]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rethabile Ramaphakela''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1987), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]], utunganya amafilime . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/rethabile-ramaphakela</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi akaba na producer wa serivise zizwi cyane kuri tereviziyo na firime ''Seriously Single'', ''Bedford Wives'' na ''The Bang Bang Club'' . <ref name="sowetanlive">https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/good-life/2012-08-17-a-successful-movie-maker-and-clever-businesswoman/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1987 muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Afite barumuna be: Tshepo na Katleho . Yatangiye umwuga we wo gutanga ikiganiro cya KTV. Hamwe na barumuna be bombi, Rethabile yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'Burnt Onion' mu 2010. <ref>https://mipblog.com/2019/04/global-hotspot/</ref> Muri 2014, yagize uruhare runini muri film mpuzamahanga ''The Bang Bang Club'' . Hanyuma muri sosiyete yakoze televiziyo sitcom ''My Family Perfect'', televiziyo kuri SABC1 muri 2015. Amaze kwerekana neza sitcom, yakoze firime ngufi nka ''Goodbye'' ''Thokoza'' ashingiye ku ntambara zabereye i Thokoza mu myaka ya za 1980. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/good-life/2012-08-17-a-successful-movie-maker-and-clever-businesswoman/</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa sitcom, yakoze seri za tereviziyo Thuli ''no Thulani'', ''Kota Life Crisis'' na ''Check Coast'' abinyujije mu nzu ikora filimi . <ref>https://www.thebar.co.za/latest_news/thebar-practitioners-rethabile-ramaphakela-ten-years-in-film-tv-production-and-still-going-strong/</ref> Muri Kanama 2020, yayoboye filime isetsa ''Seriously Single'' hamwe na murumuna we Katleho Ramaphakela . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/seriously-singles-bohang-moeko-and-yonda-thomas-reflect-on-love-and-dating-20200817</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 | ''Bang Bang Club'' | Umukinnyi: Umunyamakuru wumugore Batatu | Filime |- | 2014 | ''Reba Inkombe'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 | ''Umuryango wanjye utunganye'' | Umuyobozi mukuru, umwanditsi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Abagore ba Bedford'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Umuyobozi, producer nyobozi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7ijly7nvr91gwlmfutpfeucrdyw5a6l 0 9697 80817 2021-11-26T16:38:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1035293720|Dominika Jablonska]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominika Novak Jablonska''' (yavutse 20 Kanama 1985), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Polonye. <ref name="schiffestival">https://www.schiffestival.com/amy_actor/dominika-jablonska/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri seri zizwi cyane za tereviziyo na firime ''The Runaway'', ''Mary na Martha'' na ''The Forgiven'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/833752.html</ref> <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/filmography/338155/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 20 Kanama 1985 i Łódź, muri Polonye. Mu 1990, yimukiye muri Afurika y'Epfo nyuma arangije amashuri y’ishuri ry’ubuhanzi i Johannesburg. Hanyuma yemeye bourse yo kwiga impamyabumenyi muri siyanse yubuzima. Ariko, yavuye muri bourse nyuma yumwaka asubira mubuhanzi bukomeye. Muri 2009, yarangije impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Theatre & Performance muri kaminuza ya Cape Town . == Umwuga == Kuva icyo gihe yakoraga cyane mu gukina ibikorwa, kuyobora no gukora muri Afrika yepfo. Mu 2006, yakinnye bwa mbere afite uruhare ruto muri ''firime za televiziyo Krakatoa:Volcano of Destruction''. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 2010, yahawe umwanya wo gushyigikira 'Julia Carvalho' muri seri ya ''League of Glory.'' . Hanyuma yagaragaye muri firime nyinshi za tereviziyo, mini-serial hamwe nikinamico nka; ''The Runaway'', ''Wild at Heart'' and ''Mary and Martha'' . Hagati aho, yinjiye filimi televiziyo nk'ungirije uhitamo abakinnyi, nka ''The Girl,'' ''Labyrinth'' na ''Flight ya Storks.'' Muri 2014, yakoze filime ye ya mbere akina na firime ''Knysna'', aho yakinnye nka'Debra'. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bd8649d8d</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2006 | ''Krakatoa: Ikirunga cyo Kurimbuka'' | Elisabeth | Filime ya TV |- | 2009 | ''Diyama'' | Umukobwa wa Denmont | Filime ya TV |- | 2010 | ''Urugaga rw'icyubahiro'' | Julia Carvalho | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 | ''Guhunga'' | Maureen | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2012 | ''Umukobwa'' | Umufasha wa Casting | Filime ya TV |- | 2012 | ''Labyrinth'' | Umufasha wa Casting | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2012 | ''Ishyamba kumutima'' | Bet | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 | ''Imyenda yanduye'' | Jill | Filime ngufi |- | 2013 | ''Mariya na Marita'' | Pilates Mwarimu | Filime ya TV |- | 2013 | ''Kuguruka kw'Ingurube'' | Umufasha wa Casting | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2013 | ''Ikinyabiziga 19'' | Umufasha wa Casting | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Zulu'' | Umufasha wa Casting | Filime |- | 2014 | ''Ubwato bwirabura'' | Umufasha wa Casting | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 | ''Abagabo Babi'' | Isesengura rya FSB | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 | ''Knysna'' | Debra | Filime |- | 2016 | ''Umunsi mwiza cyane'' | Nazi Fetish Girl | Filime |- | 2016 | ''Isura Yanyuma'' | Umunyamakuru | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Yababariwe'' | Umwanditsi w'Inkiko | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Umukino wo Kurambagiza'' | Susan Babineau | Filime ya TV |- | 2018 | ''Umukobwa Wacu'' | Clem | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] lk3qvdmbs775sd943l08rvxj2xk3dxq 0 9698 80818 2021-11-26T16:46:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1037544259|Mojak Lehoko]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mojakisane 'Mojak' Lehoko''', ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] , Umunyarwenya n'umwanditsi . <ref name="Mojak">https://www.mojaklehoko.com/about</ref> <ref>https://rosebankkillarneygazette.co.za/286033/6-things-you-didnt-know-about-mojak-lehoko/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira i Johannesburg, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref name="news24">https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/we-catch-up-with-comedian-mojak-lehoko-20180903</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye gusetsa akina muri Cool Runnings i Melville mu 2009, kandi ibitaramo bye byagaragaye mu iserukiramuco ry'ubuhanzi rya Ghramstown. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/whats-on/durban/comedian-mojak-lehokos-funny-stance-on-love-42601694</ref> Azwi kandi nka 'The Underground', Cool Runnings niyo club ndende yo gusetsa muri Afrika yepfo. Bitewe nuko yatsindiye kuba umunyarwenya uhagaze neza, yashoboye gukinira mu makipe menshi yo gusetsa muri Afurika yepfo nka 'Parker's Comedy & Jive' (Johannesburg), 'Tings & Times' (Pretoria), 'Zula' (Cape Umujyi) na 'Jou Ma Se Urwenya Club' (Cape Town). <ref name="whacked">https://whacked.co.za/portfolio/mojak-lehoko/</ref> Nyuma yatorewe igihembo cya Comic cyo guhitamo kuri televiziyo ''Late Nite News hamwe na Loyiso Gola'' . Yanditse kandi inyandiko yerekana. Yatorewe kuba Emmy mpuzamahanga muri iki gitaramo. <ref name="elegant">https://elegant-entertainment.com/entertainment/mojak-lehoko/</ref> Yatowe kandi mu cyiciro cya Newcomer mu bihembo bya Comics Choice. Yakoze ibiganiro bya tereviziyo bizwi cyane: ''The Real Jozi A-Listers'', ''inkuru za Ekasi'' hamwe na sitcom ''Abomzala'' kuri SABC. <ref>https://www.motivators.co.za/mojak-lehoko/</ref> Nkumunyarwenya uhagaze, yateguye umugabo umwe yerekana ''Nigute Nabonye Hano'' byamenyekanye cyane muri Afrika yepfo. Nyuma yaje gukora ibiganiro bya tereviziyo ''The Bantu Hour'', nyuma yaje gutorwa mu bihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo bya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] (SAFTAs). <ref>http://parkerscomedy.com/comedians/73-mojak-lehoko</ref> Muri 2017, yabaye umukandida wa Comics Choice Awards nyinshi kandi yatsindiye igihembo cya Comics Pen igihembo cyumwanditsi mwiza. Muri tereviziyo, yakoraga porogaramu zizwi cyane ''Newsish'' na ''Woza Kleva'' . Noneho yagaragaye mubiganiro byurwenya ''People'' aired muri Comedy Central. Hagati aho, yerekanye filime ye ya mbere ''Wonderboy For President'' iyobowe na John Barker. Muri Kanama 2020, yagaragaye muri firime yo gusetsa ''Seriously Single'' afite uruhare ruto. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/seriously-singles-bohang-moeko-and-yonda-thomas-reflect-on-love-and-dating-20200817</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == kugaragara kuri tereviziyo == * ''Ekhasi Inkuru - 'Wannabe''' - ETV (umwanditsi) * ''Urutonde rwa Jozi A-Urutonde'' - VuzuAmp (umwanditsi) * ''Abomzala'' - SABC (umwanditsi) * ''Ishyirahamwe ry’ubwishingizi muri Afurika yepfo Igishushanyo'' - Icyumweru gitaha (umwanditsi) * ''Gufungura abasore'' - Mzansi Magic (umunyarwenya) * ''Late Nite Amakuru hamwe na Loyiso Gola'' - Igihe cya 1 kugeza Igihe cya 5, ETV (umwanditsi & cast member) * ''Seka cyane'' (Igice cya comedisiyo yo gusetsa Troupe) - Mzansi Magic (improviser) * ''Ses'Topla'', SABC 1 (umukinnyi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 9mifqbbv1a1zno8f8cp46xdmtus3bi1 0 9699 80819 2021-11-26T16:53:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029203836|Thabo Malema]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thabo Gabriel Malema''' (yavutse 26 Ukuboza 1985), ni umukinnyi wa firime [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/69253-thabo-malema-bio-age-wife-wedding-movies-tv-shows-profile.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime na ser za televiziyo:''The No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency'', ''Single Guys'' and ''Strike Back'' .  == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 26 Ukuboza 1985 i Mabopane, Gauteng, Johannesburg . Yarangije amashuri yakuye muri kaminuza ya Maryvale. Hanyuma yize firime muri Afrika yepfo ya Motion Picture Medium na Live Performance (AFDA). <ref>https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/thabo-malema-/2840</ref> Yakurikiranye kandi impamyabumenyi n'itumanaho muri UNISA. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yagiye muri Uganda no muri Nigeriya akora muri sosiyete igendanwa ya Airtel. <ref name="GQ">https://www.gq.co.za/culture/entertainment/celebrating-south-african-talent-thabo-malema-42882373</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina muri 2006 . Yaje gukora film yamateka, ''Kalushi'' . Iyi filime irazenguruka ku nkuru y’umuhungu ukiri muto, Salomo Mahlangu, winjiye mu mutwe wo kwibohora muri Afurika yepfo nyuma yo gukubitwa n’abapolisi ba apartheid. Mu ikinamico, yakinnye mu ikinamico nka ''All Balls'', ''Umuzi ka Vusi'' na ''Woza Albert'' . Mu mwaka wa 2015, yatorewe igihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo bya Afurika y'Epfo (SAFTAs) kubera uruhare rwe nka ''Khaya'' muri filime ''Single Guys'' . Ariko, azwi cyane kugaragara kuri Agent nka Vuyo no kuri ivu kugeza ivu nka Young Selogilwe Namane.  Uretse cinema n'ikinamico, kandi yabonekeye mu Televiziyo productions nka ''The Lab'' na ''Room 9,'' single''Guys,'' ''Gold Diggers'' na ''Lithapo.'' Hagati aho, yakoranye na firime mpuzamahanga za Hollywood nka ''Primeval Kill'', ''10 000 BC'' na ''A Million Colors'' . <ref>https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/feature-thabo-malema-on-the-new-enemy-his-dream-and-covid-19/</ref> Muri Kanama 2020, yakinnye muri filime yo gusetsa igitsina ''Seriously Single'' afatanije na Katleho Ramaphakela na Rethabile Ramaphakela. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/seriously-singles-bohang-moeko-and-yonda-thomas-reflect-on-love-and-dating-20200817</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Televiziyo == * ''Lithapo'' - igihe cya 1 * ''Abacukura zahabu'' - igihe cya 1 na 2 * ''Laboratoire'' - igihe cya 2 * ''Gusubira inyuma'' - igihe cya 2 * ''Ikigo cya 1 gishinzwe iperereza ku bagore'' - igihe cya 1 * ''Ababigize umwuga Umusore umwe'' - igihe cya 1 * ''Uruzi'' - igihe cya 1 na 2 * ''Icyumba cya 9'' - igihe cya 1 * ''Amafaranga yoroshye'' - igihe cya 1 * ''Umusaraba wa Yakobo'' - igihe cya 5 * ''Gauteng Maboneng'' - s == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2011 | ''Intare yera'' | Umusore Gisani | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Mma Moeketsi'' | Moeketsi | Filime |- | 2011 | ''Amabara ya Miriyoni'' | Lawrence | Filime |- | 2016 | ''Kalushi'' | Mondy | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Imyitwarire'' | Kgotso | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Umuntu utanga | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] iimpa08jjn8857uu0g2nospwet5ar73 0 9700 80821 80820 2021-11-26T17:03:32Z MrTallBoy 9928 corrected references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiffany Jones Barbuzano''', numukinnyi [[Afurika y’Epfo|wamafirime muri Afurika yepfo]] . <ref name="iol">https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/tiffany-barbuzano-talks-about-adulting-as-sa-prepares-for-a-21-day-lockdown-45532668</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BA Dramatic Arts yakuye muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand . Yasoje kandi impamyabumenyi muri firime mu Ishuri ry’Ubuhanzi. == Umwuga == Muri 2010, yakinnye nka 'Danny Gibson' muri seri ya e.tv ikinamico ''4 Play: Sex Tips for Girls''. Yakomeje kugira uruhare kugeza muri 2012. Muri 2013, yatsindiye igihembo cya SAFTA Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza wa serial ''4 Play: Sex Tips for Girls''. Kuva mu 2006 kugeza 2007, yakinnye nka 'Gabrielle' kuri ''seri zisetsa-ikinamico Izoso Connexion yanyuze'' kuri SABC1. Urukurikirane rwakozwe numugabo we Johnny Barbuzano. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yatorewe igihembo cya SAFTA Golden Horn igihembo cyiza cyagezweho mu myandikire ya ''Kota Life Crisis<ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/80507-tiffany-barbuzano-bio-age-kids-husband-weight-loss-tv-shows-movies-profile.html</ref>'' . Ibindi byerekana kumutera imbaraga niSober Companion (2016), Seriously Single (2020) and Still Breathing (2020). Yashinze isosiyete ikora firime 'Localala Productions'. Yagize uruhare mu bitaramo byinshi nka ''Six Inches na Shakers'', ''Macbeth'', ''Othello'' na ''A Midsummer Night Dream'' . Tiffany yahise yifatanya n’ikinamico ''Impromptu Zoo'', yakinirwaga kuri Sandton Theatre. ''Yagaragaye kandi mubiganiro'' byinshi bya TV nka ''Quickies'', ''Snitch'', ''Man to Man'', ''Uncle Max'', and ''Binnelanders'' . Usibye gukina, yabaye umwanditsi, kuri seri nyinshi: ''Izoso Connexion'', ''Isidingo'' na ''Scandal'' ndetse no gufata amashusho yikinamico M-Net. Muri 2015, yagaragaye muri seri yikinamico ya BBC ''Wild on Heart'' . Muri 2017, yatsindiye igihembo cya SAFTA Golden Horn igihembo cy'umukinnyi mwiza kubera uruhare rwe muri televiziyo ''Sober Companion'' <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=6464</ref>. Mu ntangiriro za 2020, yatowe na SAFTA Zahabu Ihembe ryiza ryagezweho mu myandikire ya ''Lockdown'' . Muri Kanama 2020, yakinnye muri filime yo gusetsa igitsina ''Seriously Single'' afatanije na Katleho Ramaphakela na Rethabile Ramaphakela . Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2006 | ''Uncle Max'' | Urukundo rwa Max | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2006 | ''Izoso Kwihuza'' | Gabriella | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''4Ikinamico: Inama zijyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bakobwa'' | Danny Gibson | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Ishyamba kumutima'' | Bethany | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 | ''Shotgun Garfunkel'' | Umukinnyi: Pippa, umwanditsi, producer | Filime |- | 2014 | ''Murakaza neza muri Hawaii'' | Mel | Filime ngufi |- | 2015 | ''Umunebwe Susan'' | Madamu Tosser | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 | ''Inkuru yanjye'' | Umwanditsi | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2016 | ''Mugenzi wawe'' | Ubuntu, umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 | ''Umutima Aka iminota 4'' | Grace Sklaar | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Taryn & Sharon'' | Jeanine | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 | ''Gupfa Vlieënde Springbokkie'' | Umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Biracyahumeka 2020: Filime ya BBZEE'' | Jessica, umwanditsi, producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Guhumeka'' | Jessica, umwanditsi, producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Abakozi bo mu rugo'' | Colonel Venter | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Pam | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0kwa8nkwq2cme1w5m3pjiwueq72lca9 0 9701 80822 2021-11-26T17:48:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1050680180|Mpho Osei Tutu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Osei Tutu''' (yavutse ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1981), ni umukinnyi wa firime w’umufaransa wavukiye [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] akaba numuhanzi wijwi ukomoka muri Gana-Mosotho. <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=7354</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri firime na seri za tereviziyo:Seriously single,''Mrs Right Guy'' and ''The Jakes Are Missing'' .  Uretse gukora, kandi ni screenwriter, umuyobozi na producer. Tutu kandi yakinnye nk'umuntu wambere muri serie yo muri Afrika yepfo 2018 yitwa '''The Imposter''' yari iyerekwa ryumuhungu wa kabiri nyuma yicyerekezo cyumukobwa wa mbere, yakinnye nka Tebogo na Gary Mokoena. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1981 i [[Paris|Paris mu]] [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] kwa se o muri Gana na nyina uva muri Mosotho. Kubera inkomoko y’amahanga, yabayeho mu bihugu byinshi: Lesotho, Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza, Togo na Gana. Mu 1992, umuryango we watuye muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yatangiye ikinamico afite imyaka umunani. Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi ya BA (Hons) muri Dramatic Art yakuye muri kaminuza ya Wits . Yashakanye na Tumi Morake, umukinnyi wa filime mugenzi we, umunyarwenya n'umwanditsi. <ref>https://www.afropolitan.co.za/articles/tumi-morake-mpho-osei-tutu-10697.html</ref> Bashakanye ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2009. <ref>https://www.bona.co.za/tumi-morake-and-mpho-osei-tutu-celebrate-their-10th-anniversary/</ref> Abashakanye bafite abana batatu. <ref>http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/tumi-morake-and-mpho-osie-tutu-celebrate-their-10-year-anniversary-20191128</ref> <ref>https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/2019-11-29-tumi-morake-and-hubby-mpho-osie-tutu-celebrate-their-anniversary/</ref> <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-10-my-kids-are-traumatised-but-i-thank-god-everyday-were-safe-tumi-morake/</ref> <ref>http://www.bona.co.za/tumi-morake-mpho-osei-tutu-celebrate-8th-anniversary/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye gukina mu ikinamico aho yakinnye inshuro nyinshi mu gukina amakinamico ya Zakes Mda ya''The Mother Of All Eating'', Pieter-Dirk Uys 'MacBeki, Paul Slabolepsky ''For Your Ears Only'', ''The Island'' . Hamwe naba nyuma, yazengurutse Ubwongereza, Amerika n'Ubugereki. Noneho yakoze ''Getting On'' Yatsindiye Igihembo Cyiza Muri rusange Gucibwa muri Multi Choice VUKA! Ibihembo muri 2006. Nyuma yakinnye abantu benshi mumashusho ye yise ''Carvincing Carlos'' aho yakiriye igihembo cyambere cya Bank Ovation Award muri 2010. Ku ruhare 'La Fleche' mu ikinamico ya Sylvaine Strike ''The Miser'' yatsindiye Umukino mwiza muri Naledi Theatre Awards 2013 . Hagati aho, yinjiye kuri tereviziyo, akina muri sitcoms nyinshi ''Kota Life Crisis'', ''High Rollers'', ''Samsokolo'' ; kubyo yatorewe kuba umukinnyi mwiza muri TV Comedy muri SAFTAs 2014. Hanyuma yakinnye nka 'Desmond' muri International Emmy Nominated serial ''Home Home'' . Hanyuma yerekanye uruhare rwa 'Bomba' muri firime yamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga ''A Million Colors'' . Yatowe kandi nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza muri Filime Yerekana muri SAFTAs 2013 kuri iyi film. Ni n'umuhanzi uzwi cyane aho yavugiye amajwi kuri radiyo nyinshi. <ref name="tvsa" /> Usibye gukina, ''yanakoze nk'umwanditsi wa sinema Ses Top La'', ''Tempy Pushas'', ''My Perfect Family'' aho yatoranije kwandika neza muri Comedy ya TV muri SAFTAs 2014, ndetse na ''Rhythm City'' yatsindiye igihembo cyiza Yandika mu ikinamico ya TV muri SAFTAs mu 2009., Mu 2010, yanditse ''Hopeville'' kandi atoranyirizwa igihembo mpuzamahanga cya Emmy mu 2010. Hagati aho, yanabaye umuyobozi w''<nowiki/>'amafilime nka Zone 14'', ''Ga Re Dumele 4'' na ''Kota Life Crisis'' . <ref name="tvsa" /> Nyuma yaje gukorana na firime ngufi ''Joburg'' yatoranijwe kumugaragaro muri Sundance Film Festival mu 2010. Yashinze isosiyete ikora firime, 'What Not Entertainment' nyuma akora ibihe 2 bya sitcom ''Kota Life Crisis'' ya Mzansi Magic. Kuva mu 2012 kugeza 2014, yakoraga mu buyobozi bw'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakinnyi bo muri Afurika y'Epfo (SAGA). Hagati aho, niwe wateguye ishyirahamwe ryitwa Repertory Amateur Players Society (RAPS) One Act Plays Festival, ifatwa nkumunsi mukuru wo gukina amakinamico maremare kandi yamamaye muri Afrika yepfo. <ref name="tvsa" /> Muri Kanama 2020, yakinnye muri filime yo gusetsa igitsina ''Seriously Single'' afatanije na Katleho Ramaphakela na Rethabile Ramaphakela. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/seriously-singles-bohang-moeko-and-yonda-thomas-reflect-on-love-and-dating-20200817</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Igice cya firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- ! 2018 ! Umurezi ! Gary Mokoena cyangwa Tebogo ! Urukurikirane rwa Tv |- | 2020 | ''Umusoro wirabura'' | Pasiteri Miles | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Kwakira Hotel | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] breljq9vsouh4tm4z04rrmnb03vgms5 0 9702 80823 2021-11-26T18:23:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029203919|Bohang Moeko]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bohang Moeko''' (wavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1988), ni umukinnyi [[Afurika y’Epfo|wumunyamideli wo muri Afrika yepfo]] . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/66363-bohang-moeko-bio-age-love-life-parents-twitter-profile.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime na serivise za televiziyo: ''Byukuri Ingaragu (film)'', ''Zone Zishyushye'' hamwe ''nabakozi bo murugo'' .  == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1988 i Protea y'Amajyaruguru, Soweto . Se yakoraga mu bwubatsi. Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Kaminuza ya Leta y'Ubuntu . arangije, yimukiye i Durban arahatura akora imyaka ibiri.<ref name="briefly" /> Yatangiye gukundana na Shantal Dietrich, umutoza wa fitness kuva 2018.  bagera bakora Nyakanga 2020. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/seriously-single-actor-bohang-moeko-is-officially-off-the-market-b78e8f12-17de-4f67-9941-71d563ef246a</ref> <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/actor-bohang-moeko-is-engaged-20200728</ref> == Umwuga == Yimukiye i Johannesburg kwiga gukina. Muri kiriya gihe, yakinnye bwa mbere kuri Zabalaza muri 2013 afite uruhare 'Victor'. Kuva icyo gihe, yakinnye muri firime nyinshi na serivise za televiziyo nka ''Impeta'' ''y'ibinyoma'', ''Side Dish'', Isithunzi, ''Abakozi bo mu rugo'', ''Scandal'', ''Isidingo'', ''Hot Zone'', na ''Umwamikazi'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/bohang-moeko-on-why-he-left-his-stable-job-for-acting-20200417</ref> Hagati aho, yerekeje mu mwuga wo kwerekana imideli aho yabaye finale mu marushanwa ya Mr South Africa 2013. Yagaragaye kandi kuri ''#Karektas'' nka 'Umushyitsi w'icyamamare' hanyuma ku ''bakozi bo'' mu rugo nka 'Kabelo' muri 2018. Muri 2019, yakoze uruhare rwe rwa mbere mpuzamahanga muri serie ngufi ''The Hot Zone'' . Muri Kanama 2020, yakinnye muri filime yo gusetsa igitsina ''Seriously Single'' afatanije na Katleho Ramaphakela na Rethabile Ramaphakela. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2020-08-25-five-minutes-with-bohang-moeko/</ref> Yasohotse ku ya 31 Nyakanga 2020 kuri Netflix . <ref>http://myheraldmagazine.com/seriously-single-romantic-comedy-premieres-on-netflix-on-31st-july-2020/</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Impeta y'ibinyoma'' | Kabelo | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Is'Tunzi'' | Lebone Mabuela | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Urukozasoni!'' | Tshepo | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2018 | ''Kuruhande'' | Richard | TV Mini-Urukurikirane | |- | 2018 | ''Abakozi bo mu rugo'' | Thabang | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2018 | ''iDrive'' | Zakhele AKA 'Zakes' | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2019 | ''Isidingo: Birakenewe'' | Mojalefa Matabane | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2019 | ''Umwamikazi'' | Trevor | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2019 | ''Ahantu hashyushye'' | Dr. Musoke | TV Mini-Urukurikirane | |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Lunga | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] rfmsw4paaonljxti16ssyyiyokbgukf 0 9703 80859 80824 2021-11-27T13:36:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yor-El Francis,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri [[Liberiya|Liberia]] utuye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] kandi akora nka producer . <ref name="liberianlistener">http://www.liberianlistener.com/2013/05/18/11-questions-yor-el-francis-writer-director-producer/</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa firime yamamaye cyane Murder in the Cassava Patch . <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/yor-el-francis/</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/yor-el-francis</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Monrovia, muri Liberiya mu muryango ukomeye wa Liberiya; ba Martins bo mu Ntara ya Bassa na Francis bo muri Marshall. Yabanje kwiga mu ishuri rya Hilton Van Ee hanyuma Ishuri rya Koperative y'Abanyamerika ryiga amashuri abanza. Nyuma yaje kwiga mu kibonezamvugo cya Siyera Lewone i Freetown, muri Siyera Lewone kugira ngo arangize amashuri yisumbuye. Se yari afite amasosiyete muri Gana, Haiti, Liberiya, Siyera Lewone, Californiya na Miami kandi hagati aho, nyina yari afite butike muri Monrovia. <ref name="liberianlistener" /> == Umwuga == Amashuri yisumbuye, yimukiye muri Amerika n'umuryango we atura mu mujyi wa New York. Nyuma yize muri Hunter College, ishuri ryubuhanzi ryigenga rya Manhattan's Upper East maze yiga firime kandi yimenyereza kuri MTV Networks. Nyuma, yabonye Master of Arts muri Diregiteri ya Filime yakuye muri kaminuza yumujyi wa New York. Muri 2003, yashyizwe muri Diregiteri yimyaka ibiri yubuyobozi bwa Amerika muri gahunda yo guhugura ba Producer. <ref name="liberianlistener" /> Yabanje kwimenyereza umwuga muri MTV Networks, hanyuma yimukira kuri Televiziyo ya Black Entertainment [BET], mbere yo kubona akazi muri FOX. Yatangiye umwuga wa firime nkumuyobozi wungirije kumashusho yerekana amashusho, tereviziyo niyamamaza. Yabigizemo uruhare nkumuyobozi wungirije wa kabiri kuri serivise nyinshi za tereviziyo na firime zirimo: ''The West Wing'' (1999), ''NCIS'' (2003), ''The Closer'' (2005), ''Crank'' (2006) ''Bavandimwe & Mushikiwabo'' (2006) ''Zeke na Luther'' (2009). Mu 2005, yatsindiye igihembo cya mbere cya komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime muri Afurika kubera kwandika amashusho kubera amashusho ye ''Piankhi, igikomangoma cya Misiri'' . Muri 2012, yakoze filime ye yambere yumukobwa, ''Ubwicanyi muri Cassava Patch'', ishingiye kuri Liberiya kavukire. <ref>https://www.slated.com/people/3622/</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwe muri Liberiya muri iyo filimi, yahuye na Peter Ballah, batangira gukorana na filime. Nyuma muri firime, abakinnyi be bose babaye abana ba Ballah. * == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tswqsnuejeqhcdez2yo5okb9ctckiip 0 9704 80858 80825 2021-11-27T13:34:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chad N. Walker,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] kandi akora na producing . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/689635.html</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/chad-n-walker</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa documentaire ''Brownstones to Red Dirt'', ''We Must Go'' . <ref name="filmy">https://africanfilmny.org/directors/chad-n-walker/</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yo kuyobora documentaire, yatangiye gukora nkumuhuzabikorwa wibikorwa bigufi bya ''Magic Scarf'' . Hanyuma yinjiye nkumufasha wa Production hamwe nuwungirije umwanditsi wa firime ya firime ya ''Ice Age: The Meltdown'', ''Age Age: Umuseke wa Dinosaurs'', ''Epic'' na ''Rio'' . <ref name="filmy" /> Noneho muri 2009, yabaye umwanditsi witoza muri firime ''Horton Yumva Ninde!'' . Muri 2010, yerekanwe bwa mbere mubuyobozi hamwe na documentaire ''Brownstones kugeza Red Dirt'' . Filime izenguruka abana bamwe i Brooklyn bahinduka amakaramu yimfubyi ziva muri [[Siyera Lewone]] . Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa documentaire, yakoze documentaire ye ya kabiri ''Kei'' . Noneho muri 2014, yakoze ''I Am Big Bird: The Caroll Spinney Story'' hamwe na Dave LaMattina . <ref>https://screenwritingmagazine.com/2015/05/18/dave-lamattina-and-chad-walker-on-i-am-big-bird-the-caroll-spinney-story/</ref><ref>https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2015/05/12/it-aint-easy-being-big-bird/</ref> Filime yakiriwe neza muri rusange. <ref>http://www.metacritic.com/movie/i-am-big-bird-the-caroll-spinney-story</ref> <ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/i_am_big_bird_the_caroll_spinney_story/</ref> Muri 2014, yatsindiye igihembo cya Audience Choice igihembo cyiza muri Cinéfest Sudbury International Festival Festival ya film. <ref>http://www.northernlife.ca/news/lifestyle/2014/09/24-cinefest-awards-sudbury.aspx</ref> Mu 2007, yafatanyije gushinga inzu yerekana amafilime, 'Umuringa Pot Pictures' aherekejwe na Dave LaMattina na Clay Frost. <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/dave-lamattina/</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 | ''Igitambaro cya Magic'' | Ingaruka zigaragara | Filime ngufi |- | 2006 | ''Igihe c'ibarafu: Gushonga'' | Umufasha | Filime |- | 2008 | ''Kurokoka Sid'' | Umwanditsi wungirije wa kabiri | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2009 | ''Igihe cyibarafu: Umuseke wa Dinosaurs'' | Umuyobozi wungirije | Filime |- | 2009 | ''Horton Yumva Ninde!'' | Umwanditsi | Filime |- | 2010 | ''Amabuye yumutuku kugeza umwanda utukura'' | Umuyobozi, producer, cinematografi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2011 | ''Rio'' | Umuyobozi wungirije | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Kei'' | Umuyobozi, producer, cinematografi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2013 | ''Epic'' | Umwanditsi wungirije | Filime |- | 2014 | ''Ndi Inyoni Nini: Inkuru ya Caroll Spinney'' | Umuyobozi, producer, cinematografi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2014 | ''Tugomba kugenda'' | Umuyobozi, producer, umuyobozi wamafoto, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''La Gran Madre'' | Umuyobozi, producer, cinematografi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2017–19 | ''Zoo'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 | ''Abirukanywe'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''Aquarium'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 | ''Zoo: San Diego'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 | ''Nyirasenge'' | Umuyobozi, sinema, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 4oj18pfr4yv6t0gl04uxrqpq2lq5n6u 0 9705 80826 2021-11-26T18:49:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1003059906|Henrietta Mbawah]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henrietta Mbawah''', ni Umukinnyi wa filime muri [[Siyera Lewone]], akaba n'umuntu uharanira imibereho myiza. <ref>http://tech.pinnaclegroup.africa/index.php/testimonials/henrietta-mbawah/</ref> <ref>https://politicosl.com/articles/sierra-leone-youth-ministry-partners-filmmaker-fight-against-drug-abuse</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ngufi yamamaye cyane ''Jattu'' n'uruhare rw'Umunyamakuru' muri firime ngufi ya ''Ebola Checkpoint'' . <ref>https://weltfilme.org/en/portfolio-item/jattu-2/</ref> <ref>https://medium.com/@stephenvlansana/sierra-leone-news-desmond-finney-wins-performing-artist-of-the-year-99bd898221c9</ref> == Umwuga == Ku ikubitiro yatangiye gukina serivise za tereviziyo afite inshingano zoroheje kandi zitemewe. Muri 2016, yakoze film ngufi ''Jattu'' . Iyi filime izenguruka umukobwa witwa Jattu, warokotse icyorezo cya Ebola muri Afurika. Nyuma muri uwo mwaka, yagaragaye muri filime ngufi ya ''Ebola'' aho yakinnye 'Umunyamakuru'. <ref>https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=70077</ref> Ni n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Manor River Entertainment Company. <ref>https://analystliberiaonline.com/2020/09/11/mru-queen-uses-platform-to-bring-awareness-on-sgbv/</ref> Muri 2019, yatsindiye igihembo cya Mushikiwabo kubera uruhare yagize mu guha ubushobozi abagore muri Siyera Lewone. <ref>https://afroclef.com/henrietta-mbawah-wins-sisters-choice-award-2019</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare |- | 2016 | ''Kugenzura Ebola'' | Umuyobozi |- | 2016 | ''Jattu'' | Umukinnyi: Umunyamakuru |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] au369rwey3ld0c5y0rzt6ot3994qwpz 0 9706 80827 2021-11-26T18:52:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1031049844|Lamia Chraibi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lamia Chraïbi''', ni Utunganya firimewo muri maroke n'ubufaransa. <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/lamia-chraibi</ref> Azwi cyane nka producer wa firime zizwi cyane ''Mimosas'', ''Jahilya'' na ''Urgent'' . <ref name="lamia">http://www.100femmes.ma/en/femme/lamia.chraibi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye mu micungire y'itumanaho n'amajwi mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ahitwa Valenciennes, yatangiye umwuga we. == Umwuga == Yakomeje gukora imyaka 9 kubikorwa bitandukanye bya Paris. Mu mwaka wa 2011, yashinze isosiyete ikora 'Moon a Deal Films' i [[Paris]], nyuma yo gushinga uruganda rukora 'La Prod' mu 2007 i Casablanca . <ref name="torinofilmlab">http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/960-lamia-chraibi</ref> Muri 2016, yakoranye na firime ''Mimosas'' na Oliver Laxe . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma iza gutsindira igihembo kinini cyicyumweru cy’abanenga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes mu 2016. Hanyuma yakoze firime ''Tegnap'' iyobowe na Balint Kenyeres. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Festival ya Lokarno. Muri 2018, yakoze ''Achoura'', filime ya fantasy yo muri Maroc iyobowe na Talal Selhami . Iyi filime yabaye igihembo cyiza cya Filime muri Hardline Festival ndetse ikanahabwa umwihariko wa Jury muri Festival ya Sitges Fantastic. <ref name="torinofilmlab" /> In 2019, she produced the television series ''Meskoun'', which was initiated as a pan-Arab genre-bending series with Moroccan filmmaker Hicham Lasri.<ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/news/lamia-chraibi-teams-with-hicham-lasri-on-pan-arab-supernatural-series-meskoun-exclusive-1203425909/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2010 | ''Terminus des anges'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2011 | ''Iherezo'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2011 | ''Ibyo nshaka gukora byose'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2011 | ''L'amante du rif'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Filime | |- | 2011 | ''Un Film'' | Umurongo wumurongo | Inyandiko | |- | 2014 | ''Inyanja Inyuma'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2016 | ''Mimosas'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Apatride'' | Umuproducer, uwashushanyije | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Jahilya'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Yto'' | Producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2018 | ''[[Urgent (film)|Byihutirwa]]'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Achoura'' | Producer | Filime | |- | 2019 | ''Meskoun'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2020 | ''Mika'' | Producer | Filime | |} == Reba == anae5gqhtp7f3d0osyu1h3y8ixzyk9s 0 9707 80828 2021-11-26T19:08:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033572946|Mohamed Hefzy]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Hefzy''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1975), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu Misiri akaba Umwanditsi . <ref name="screendaily">https://www.screendaily.com/features/the-centrepiece-interview-cairo-chief-mohamed-hefzy-talks-indie-cinema-upcoming-projects/5144584.article</ref> <ref>https://www.enigma-mag.com/mohamed-hefzy/</ref> Umwe mu batunganya amafilime akomeye mu burasirazuba bwo hagati no muri Afurika, Screen International yamwise umwarabu wenyine mu bayobozi 30 bazaza mu gutunganya amafilime mu 2013. Muri 2016, Hefzy yatoranijwe na Variety hejuru yurutonde rw "Amazina icumi ugomba kumenya mu nganda zamafirime y’abarabu" maze amushyira muri Variety 500. <ref>https://variety.com/exec/mohamed-hefzy/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1975 i Cairo mu Misiri . Mbere yo kwinjira muri sinema, yize ibijyanye na metallurgical engineering i Londres. <ref name="cineuropa">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://cineuropa.org/en/filmography/212568/ "Mohamed Hefzy"]. cineuropa<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Niwe washinze isosiyete ikora 'Film Clinic' iherereye mu Misiri yashinzwe mu 2005. Binyuze muri iyo sosiyete, yatanze amahugurwa na gahunda zamahugurwa kubantu ba firime yabarabu nabanyafurika bakorana nimiryango mpuzamahanga nibigo. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yabaye umwe mu bagize inteko y'abacamanza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cairo . Hanyuma mu 2011, yabaye inteko y'abacamanza mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime Abu Dhabi hanyuma aba umunyamuryango mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Venice muri 2018. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2017, Hefzy yabaye umuyobozi w'Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Ismailia rya Documentaire na Short, ndetse no mu nama ngishwanama ya Festival mpuzamahanga ya Cairo. Kuva mu 2013, yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya Sinema yo mu Misiri. <ref name="screendaily" /> Muri 2016, yakoze firime ''Clash'' . Nyuma iyi firime yatoranijwe nka firime itangiza igice cya ' Un Certain Regard ' igice cya Cannes International Festival Festival . Muri 2018, yakoranye na producer ''Yomeddine'' . <ref name="madcelebrity">http://madcelebrity.com/mohamed-hefzy.php</ref> Filime kandi yahisemo kwerekanwa i Cannes mumarushanwa yemewe. Muri 2020, yakoze firime ya ''Luxor'' yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Dramatic World Festival muri Sundance Film Festival . Hagati aho, abo bakoranye, ''Souad, batoranijwe ku'' mugaragaro ku nshuro ya mbere yerekana iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes, ryabaye ku nshuro ya gatatu muri Cannes. Muri Werurwe 2018, yabaye perezida muto mu mateka y'iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Cairo, igihe Hefzy yahawe na minisitiri w’umuco. Muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye Centre ya Arabiya Cinema Centre y’Abarabu Yatanzwe n’Umunyamakuru wa Hollywood kubera uruhare yagize muri sinema yisi. Nyuma muri kamena 2019, yatumiwe nkumunyamuryango wa Academy ya Motions Pictures Arts Arts na Science mu ishami rya "Producer". <ref name="madcelebrity" /> {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2014 | ''Kuva kuri A kugeza B.'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Amazing'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Umwaka mushya'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Amaraso'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Paranormal'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''Souad'' | Producer | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 2g52dc3rkqbiraojda02odkd6undjo2 0 9708 80829 2021-11-26T19:08:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056037795|Connie Chiume]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Connie Temweka Gabisile Chiume''' (yavutse ku ya 5 Kamena 1952) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Afurika yepfo <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/37398-connie-chiume-biography-age-date-birth-nationality-husband-parents-nominations-awards-tv-shows-movies-instagram-contact-details.html</ref> Azwiho gukina film muri ''Black Panther'', ''Black Is King'' na ''Blessers'' . Kuri tereviziyo, yagaragaye muri ''Zone 14'', ''Umujyi wa Rhythm'', na ''Gomora'' . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Chiume yavukiye i Welkom muri Afurika y'Epfo. <ref name="studentroom">https://www.studentroom.co.za/wiki/connie-chiume/</ref> Se wa Wright Tadeyo Chiume (m. 1983) yakomokaga muri Usisya, Nkhata Bay, [[Malawi]] na nyina MaNdlovu (m. 2020) <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/former-rhythm-city-actress-connie-chiume-mourns-her-mother-20200318</ref> bakomoka i KwaZulu-Natal, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Mubyara weEfurayimu Mganda Chiume wo muri [[Malawi]] . Chiume yamaze ubwana bwe muri Welkom. Yarangije matriche mu burasirazuba bwa Cape impamyabumenyi yo kwigisha mu 1976. Amaze imyaka mike yigisha, yaretse ingendo yimukira mu Bugereki. <ref name="briefly" /> == Umwuga == Chiume yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina afite uruhare muri ''Porgy na Bess'', ''Ipi Ntombi'', na ''Shop Ntoya ya Horrors'' . Amaze gusubira muri Afurika y'Epfo, yatowe nka Thembi mu rukurikirane rwo mu 1989 ''Inkom 'Edla Yodwa'' hanyuma filime yo mu 1990 yitwa ''Warriors from Hell'' . Mu 2000, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri serivise yikinamico muri Afurika yepfo ya Filime na seri za Televiziyo . Muri 2006, yakinnye mubikorwa bya stage ''Wakubise Umugore'' ''nawe Ukubita Urutare'' . Kuva 2007 kugeza 2015, Chiume yamenyekanye cyane kubera uruhare rwe nka Stella Moloi muri SABC1 ikinamico ya ''Zone 14'', yamuhesheje indi SAFTA. <ref name="studentroom" /> Yabonye kandi igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri Drama mugihe cya 3 SAFTA. Muri 2015, yagaragaye muri opera yisabune ''Rhythm City'' nka Mamokete Khuse. Muri 2018, Chiume yakinnye Mining Tribe Umusaza muri Marvel Cinematic Universe film ''Black Panther'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/south-africas-film-industry-needs-to-reach-for-the-stars-20180106</ref> <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/local-actress-connie-chiume-ready-to-meet-co-stars-at-black-panther-premiere-20180103</ref> Muri 2020, Chiume yinjiye mu mwanya wa Mam'Sonto Molefe mu rukurikirane ''rw'ikinamico Gomora'' maze agaragara muri filime ''Black Is King'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/connie-chiume-on-black-is-king-and-her-role-as-a-fussy-mother-in-netflixs-seriously-single-20200807</ref> Mu Kwakira 2020, yabonye igihembo cya Feather Award. <ref>https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/actress-connie-chiume-honoured-with-first-feather-award-nomination-20201015</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Chiume yashakanye kuva 1985 kugeza 2004. Ni nyina w'abana bane, afite abahungu babiri n'abakobwa babiri. == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 1990 | ''Intwali ziva ikuzimu'' | Marita | |- | 1994 | ''Ikirere Hejuru'' | Madamu Urudu | |- | 1999 | ''Chikin Biznis.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Inkuru Yose!'' | Thoko | |- | 2000 | ''Narose Afurika'' | Wanjiku | |- | 2004 | ''Mu Gihugu cyanjye'' | Virginia Tabata | |- | 2013 | ''Lobola ya Fanie Fourie'' | Zinzi | |- | 2015 | ''Lerato'' | Umushumba | Filime ngufi |- | 2018 | ''Umwirabura'' | Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro | |- | 2019 | ''Kubura Lerato'' | Gogo muri Bus | |- | 2019 | ''Umugisha'' | Ma-Lerato | |- | 2020 | ''Ni iki warose?'' | Koko | Filime ngufi |- | 2020 | ''Umwirabura ni Umwami'' | Wenyine | |- | 2020 | ''Birakomeye'' | Mama wa Dineo | |- |} === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 1989 | ''Inkom 'Edla Yodwa'' | Thembi | |- | 1994 | ''Umurongo'' | Rosie | Filime |- | 1997 | ''Umugore w'amabara'' | Umukozi wa Leta | Filime |- | 2004 | ''Akadomo ka Mazinyo Q.'' | Ma Mavuso | |- | 2007–2015 | ''Zone 14'' | Stella Moloi | |- | 2015 | ''Umujyi Umujyi'' | Mamokete Khuse | |- | 2017 | ''Umuzabibu wa Thula'' | Nothando | |- | 2020 | ''Gomora'' | Mam'Sonto Molefe | |- | 2020 | ''Guhitamo'' | | |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 09zvwcnjbm10qcoiipf648w0dt3keo3 0 9709 80830 2021-11-26T19:18:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1038686289|Mohamed Habib Attia]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Habib Attia''' (wavutse 1983), ni producer wa firime wo muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . <ref>https://israelfilmcenterstream.org/film-role/mohamed-habib-attia/</ref> <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=268837.html</ref> Azwi cyane nka producer wa firime zizwi cyane ''Falastine Stereo'',''It Was Better Tomorrow'' na ''Le Challat de Tunis'' . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/mohamed-habib-attia</ref> <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bde6a157d</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1983 i Tuniziya, muri Tuniziya. <ref name="cinetelefilms">http://www.cinetelefilms.net/en/who-we-are</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2009, yakoranye na firime ''Laila's Birthday'' nk'umusaruro mpuzamahanga hamwe na Palesitine n'Ubuholandi. Filime yayobowe na Rashid Masharawi. <ref>https://apsa.bmstaging.com.au/films/lailas-birthday</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2011, Attia yakoze ''No No Fear'' iyobowe na Mourad Ben Cheikh yahisemo kumugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes hanyuma nyuma ya Busan, Taormina, Sheffield, ibirori bya firime bya Dubai. Mu mwaka wa 2012, filime ye ''It Was Better Tomorrow'' iyobowe na Hinde Boujemaa yerekanwe bwa mbere mu gutoranya ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Venice, kandi yegukana igihembo cy’umuyobozi w’abarabu witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Dubai . Muri 2013, yakoze firime ya ''Falastine Stereo ya'' Rashid Masharawi. Yatoranijwe kumugaragaro muri Toronto, Dubai na Chicago ibirori bya firime. <ref name="artify">https://artify.tn/professional/5bd9dfef1cdda267505b56ff</ref> Muri 2016, yifatanije na ''Zaineb n'aime Pas la Neigh'' iyobowe na Kaouther Ben Hania. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Lokarno, kandi yegukana igihembo cya Tanit d'or mu minsi ya Carthage Cinematographic ndetse n’igihembo cya Documentaire Nziza muri Cinemed Montpellier. Muri 2014, ibihangano bye ''Le Challaat de Tunis'' byafunguye igice cya ACID mu iserukiramuco rya Cannes maze yegukana igihembo cya Filime Nziza ya mbere mu iserukiramuco rya Namur, ku muyobozi mwiza na Filime nziza i Beirut. <ref>https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/habib</ref> Iyi filime yatoranijwe ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Dubai, San Sebastian na Busan kandi ikwirakwizwa mu makinamico mu bihugu birenga 15. <ref name="artify" /> Muri 2017, yakoranye nubundi bufatanye mpuzamahanga Ubwiza n'imbwa . Filime yerekanwe mu gice cya Un Certain Regard mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2017 . <ref>http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/actualites/articles/the-2017-official-selection</ref> <ref>http://www.indiewire.com/2017/04/cannes-2017-lineup-list-film-festival-schedule-1201804813/</ref> Nyuma yaje gutoranywa nkuwinjira muri Tuniziya muri Filime Nziza Yindimi Zamahanga mu bihembo bya 91 bya Academy, ariko ntibyatoranijwe. <ref>http://www.webdo.tn/2018/09/16/oscars-2019-le-film-tunisien-la-belle-et-la-meute-de-kaouther-ben-hania-representera-la-tunisie-a-la-preselection/</ref> <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-tunisia-selects-beauty-dogs-foreign-language-category-1145416</ref> Nyuma yaje kubona igihembo cyo guhanga amajwi meza, nyuma yegukana igihembo cya film nziza muri Jury y'abanyeshuri mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Angoulême Francophone . Ni umuyobozi mukuru wa sosiyete ikora firime, 'Cinétéléfilms' kuva 2007. Isosiyete yashinzwe mu 1983. <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/369863/habib-attia</ref> Muri 2018, yakoze ''[[We Could Be Heroes|We Turashobora kuba Intwari]]'' iyobowe na Hind Bensari. Filime yatsindiye igihembo kinini muri Hot Docs yo muri Kanada . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2008 | ''Ikarita ya Carthage'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2008 | ''Ikiringo Hagati y'Ijuru n'Ikuzimu'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 | ''Indirimbo y'Ubukwe'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Filime |- | 2009 | ''Isabukuru y'amavuko ya Laila'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2010 | ''Kuruhande'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2011 | ''Nta bwoba bukiriho'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2011 | ''Viva Carthago'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Havumwe Kuba Fosifate'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2012 | ''Byari byiza Ejo'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2013 | ''Demokarasi: Umwaka wa Zeru'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2013 | ''Falastine Stereo'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Le Challat de Tunis'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2014 | ''Bobby'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 | ''Zaineb Yanga Urubura'' | Producer | Inyandiko |- | 2016 | ''Tumeze neza nkuyu'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 | ''Avant Première'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''35 MM'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Ubwiza n'imbwa'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Kwandika kuri Urubura'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Ubururu bwa Leila'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2018 | ''Ubuvandimwe'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2018 | ''Amazi ya Sheikh'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Umwana'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2019 | ''Fatariya, Inama y'Abarabu'' | Producer | Filime |- | 2020 | ''Umugabo wagurishije uruhu rwe'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] bdd77qeqbqpv1sqmvxdp8auuitzlgkx 0 9710 80831 2021-11-26T19:23:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/998558972|Safaa El-Toukhi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Safaa Abdallah Mohammed El Tokhi''' (yavutse ku ya 22 Kanama 1964), uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Safaa El-Toukhi''', ni umukinnyi wa filime wo mu Misiri . <ref name="elcinema">https://elcinema.com/en/person/1066612/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''The Hunter'', ''Gunshot'' and ''Kafr Delhab'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/854497.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Kanama 1964 i Cairo, mu Misiri. Se wa Abdallah Al-Toukhi yari umwanditsi w'amakinamico wavutse ku ya 18 Kanama 1926, apfa ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2001 afite imyaka 74. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=sz-WPPF69wYC&pg=PA445</ref> Nyina Fathia al-Assal yari umwanditsi w'icyamamare kandi ukina mu Misiri. Fathia yavutse ku ya 20 Gashyantare 1933 apfa ku ya 15 Kamena 2014 afite imyaka 81 nyuma y’ikibazo cy’ubuzima kitazwi. <ref>http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/103768/Egypt/Politics-/Fathiya-Assal,-Egyptian-writer-and-womens-advocate.aspx</ref> == Umwuga == Yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhanzi bwa Dramatic mu 1985. Mu ntangiriro, yakoraga nk'umwanditsi, yayobowe na nyina. Mu 1995, yatangiye gukora mu kigo cy’umuco w’igihugu. <ref>http://www.creativearabtalent.com/en/talent/60/safaa-eltoukhy</ref> Safaa yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina mu 1979 akoresheje televiziyo ya ''El Bahitha'' . Yagaragaye nk'umukinnyi wa stage gusa mu ''gakino kamwe El Ayyam El Makhmoura yateguwe'' mu 1999. Yakomeje gukina muri firime nyinshi, nka ''El Zaman El Saa'b'', ''El Mohagir'', na ''Bekhit we Adila'' . Hagati aho, yiganje kuri televiziyo, aho yakinnye muri serial: ''Leyali El Hulmiyya'', ''Lan Ayesh Fi Galbab Abi'', ''Mahmoud El Masry'' . Ibikorwa bye byamamaye kuri tereviziyo byanyuze kuri serial ''Qadhiya Rai <nowiki>''</nowiki> Am'' hamwe na 'Yousra'. <ref>https://widekhaliji.com/en/associate/350/safaa-al-toukhy</ref> == furikaAmashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 1991 | ''Umutimanama wa Mwarimu Hikmat'' | Ekhlas | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 1992 | ''Ijoro rya Al Helmeya'' | Sally | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 1991 | ''Hekayat Elghareeb'' | Salma | Filime ya TV | |- | 1995 | ''Al Ziny Barakat'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 1996 | ''Sinzabaho mu myambaro ya Data'' | Fawwzia | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 1997 | ''Bakhit na Adeela 2'' | | Filime | |- | 2001 | ''Dufite Amakuru akurikira'' | | Filime | |- | 2002 | ''Ifarashi idafite Ifarashi'' | Aziza | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2002 | ''Ayna qalbi'' | Najila | TV Mini-Urukurikirane | |- | 2004 | ''Mahmoud Egyption'' | Alia | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2005 | ''Raya wa Sekina'' | Mariam Zaki Abdulatif / Mariam Al Shamiya | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2007 | ''Ibihe bikomeye'' | Azziza | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2008 | ''Boushkash'' | | Filime | |- | 2010 | ''Mama Fi El-Qism'' | Karam Abdulmohsen | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2010 | ''Ayza Atgawez'' | Umm Barqouq / Nancy Al Sayed Faraj | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2014 | ''Saraya Abdeen'' | Srr | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2014 | ''Umuhigi'' | Umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2015 | ''Inzira y'Abayahudi'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2015 | ''Saherat Al Janoub'' | Bakhita | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2016 | ''Soqoot Hor'' | Seham | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Kafr Delhab'' | Nawal | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Abu Al Arosah'' | Wafaa | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2018 | ''El Share'A Elly Warana: Inzira imwe Inyuma'' | Baheera | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2018 | ''Amaroza'' | Umubyeyi | Filime | |- | 2018 | ''Amasasu'' | Mahasen | Filime | |- | 2019 | ''Weld Al Ghalabah'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2020 | ''Umuganwa'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2020 | ''Khayt Harir'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] qzbrp2ofskadj7dapixlx06nd5wmmiz 0 9711 80832 2021-11-26T19:29:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/987784266|Jorge Cohen]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Cohen''' (wavutse 1986), ni producer wa firime muri [[Angola]] . <ref>https://eave.org/network/36902</ref> Azwi cyane nka producer wa firime ''zizwi'' cyane Alambamento, ''Luanda 24/7'' na ''Air Conditioning'' . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/jorge-cohen</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1986 i Luanda , muri Angola. Muri 2009, yimukiye muri Porutugali arangiza icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza Gatolika ya Lisbonne. Hanyuma yimukiye mu Bwongereza ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’umuco n’ubuhanga bwo guhanga udushya muri SOAS, kaminuza ya Londere mu 2018. <ref name="cohen">https://geracao-80.com/jorge-cohen</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2009, Cohen yakoze ''progaramu'' ye ya mbere Alambamento, film ngufi. Yari umuyobozi wibikorwa byigihe gito, yakiriwe neza. Nyuma yo gutsinda muri make, yabaye umwe mu bashinze uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa 'Geração 80' mu 2010. Nyuma yaje gukora firime ngufi zirimo: ''Luanda 24/7'', ''Havemos de Voltar'' na ''1999'' kimwe na documentaire; ''Triângulo'', ''Independência'' iyobowe na [[Mário Bastos]] . <ref name="cinafrica">http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/angola/116-jorge-cohen</ref> Film documentaire ''Independência'' yatsindiye igihembo cyiswe Documentaire Nziza mu Iserukiramuco Mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Kameron kandi yari Yatoranijwe ku mugaragaro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Durban, Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Afurika ryitwa Luxor ndetse n’iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Pan African. <ref>https://www.filmatique.com/archive-1/2018/independencia</ref> <ref>https://filmfreeway.com/independencia</ref> Filime ye ya ''Triângulo'' 2013 yari Angola-Berezile-Porutugali. Muri 2014, yasohoye televiziyo ''Afripedia Angola kuri tereviziyo ya'' Suwede na Angola. MU 2017, yakoze documentaire ''El Último País'' iyobowe numuyobozi wa Cuba, Gretel Marín. Filime yakoze Guhitamo kumugaragaro Iserukiramuco rya Amsterdam 2017. <ref name="cinafrica" /> Muri 2020, yakoze filime ye yambere yimpimbano, ''Ikirere'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2011 | ''Alambamento'' | Umurongo wumurongo | Filime ngufi | |- | 2011 | ''Luanda 24/7'' | Umuyobozi mukuru, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi | |- | 2013 | ''Triângulo'' | Producer | Inyandiko | |- | 2014 | ''Afirika Angola'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2015 | ''Yigenga'' | Producer, ukora ibikorwa | Inyandiko | |- | 2017 | ''El Último País'' | Umuyobozi mukuru | Inyandiko | |- | 2017 | ''Havemos de Voltar'' | Producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2018 | ''1999'' | Associate producer | Filime ngufi | |- | 2020 | ''Ikonjesha'' | Producer | Filime | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 80fxkrpnzc73n8izv59vw3sq86n46rl 0 9712 80833 2021-11-26T19:34:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/990849837|Steve Eboh]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Eboh''', uzwi cyane nka '''Ajebo''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] . <ref>https://www.happenings.com.ng/latest/2020/01/23/actors-are-more-concerned-about-makeup-than-their-roles-steve-eboh</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwa firime ''Igipimo Cyinshi'', ''Igipimo Cyinshi 2'' na ''Lionheart'' . Usibye gukina, Eboh numuproducer, umuntu wa tereviziyo numugiraneza. <ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/155514993368244417/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ni indigene ya Achi muri Oji River LGA yo muri leta ya Enugu. Nyuma yaje kurangiza afite impamyabumenyi y'itumanaho muri Kaminuza ya Lagos. <ref name="sunnewsonline">https://www.sunnewsonline.com/domestic-oil-firm-picks-nollywoods-steve-eboh-as-brand-ambassador/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 1996, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime yo murugo ''Karishika'' hamwe na ''Karishika 2 yayo'' . Kuva icyo gihe yakomeje kwiganza muri firime nyinshi zo murugo. Yakinnye muri firime nyinshi zizwi nka Nollywood nka ''Taboo'', ''Ikuku'', ''Narrow Escape'', ''Ibibi bibi'' na ''Concubines'' . <ref name="sunnewsonline" /> Muri 2018, yagaragaye muri firime yo murugo ''Lionheart'' afite uruhare runini. <ref>https://media.dream13.com/lionheart-2018/</ref> <ref>https://thewhistler.ng/genevieves-lionheart-set-to-premiere-in-toronto-film-festival/</ref> Muri kamena 2019, Eboh yatangajwe nka ambasaderi w’ikirango cya sosiyete itanga peteroli na Nigeriya yitwa 'GOVOIL'. Hagati aho, yabaye Visi Perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakinnyi muri Nijeriya (AGN), na Perezida wa Komite y’igihugu ishinzwe kwita ku bana, AGN. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20200219/282089163790319</ref> Yabaye kandi umuyobozi mukuru wa Confirm Projects International Ltd mugihe gito. <ref>https://www.today.ng/culture/film/nollywood-committee-pledges-credible-election-actors-guild-258443</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2008 | ''Nsoma ububabare bwanjye'' | Chief Obika | Filime yo murugo |- | 2008 | ''Nsoma ububabare bwanjye 2'' | Chief Obika | Filime yo murugo |- | 2009 | ''Umushukanyi w'inyangamugayo'' | Umusenateri | Filime yo murugo |- | 2009 | ''Umushukanyi w'inyangamugayo 2'' | Umusenateri | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Urakoze kuza'' | Benson | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Urakoze kuza 2'' | Benson | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Umwami'' | | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Umwami wumwami 2'' | | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Abana bato'' | Benson | Filime yo murugo |- | 2011 | ''Abana Babana 2'' | Benson | Filime yo murugo |- | 2018 | ''Intare'' | Umuyobozi wa Minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu # 1 | Filime yo murugo |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tq8bao3sxps6z5ay3m7q4e59b8o3gg3 0 9713 80834 2021-11-26T19:47:15Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053684233|Souleymane Sylla (actor)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Souleymane Sylla,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri Gineya ariko utuye mubutaliyani . <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/394944/souleymane-sylla</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri filime ''Les princes de la ville'', ''Shiny Happy People'' na ''Tolo Tolo'' . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/souleymane-sylla</ref> <ref>http://www.agence-adequat.com/fiche.cfm/115-2_679547_souleymane_sylla.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri [[Gineya]] nyuma yimukira mu Butaliyani.  == Umwuga == Souleymane Sylla yakuriyee muri gineya aho yamaze akiri muto. Yari afite imyaka 8 igihe umuryango wimukiye i Créteil. Ku ishuri ryisumbuye rya Simone de Beauvoir niho yavumbuye ikinamico. Nyuma yaho, yinjiye mu kigo cy’imyidagaduro cy’Abafaransa cyatoranijwe kandi kizwi cyane. Yagize uruhare mu gufungura ubudasa muri theatre, cyane cyane muri TNS i Strasbourg. Yerekanwe n'umuyobozi Blandine Savetier, yahawe akazi mu mushinga wa serial ya Odyssey, yerekanwe mu bice 13, hanze, mu iserukiramuco rya Avignon 2019. Kuva mu 2013, tumubona muri firime nyinshi ngufi, harimo Anthropologiya yumuntu ugezweho, Amabwiriza yumugani no Gukata umwenda, aho akinamo uruhare runini. Yimukiye mu buyobozi muri 2012 hamwe na Mchinda, l'invaincu, akurikirwa na 2015 na Le Costume na Les Princes de la ville muri 2016. Nk’uruhare runini, yakinnye mu Budage muri firime ya TV yitwa Penthesilea na Maximilian Villwock Mu mwaka wa 2019, yagaragaye muri filime ya Jérémie Elkaïm, Ils sont vivants, itarasohoka mu Bufaransa kugeza nyuma yimyaka ibiri kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19. Mu 2020, yakinnye muri filime yo gusetsa yo mu Butaliyani Tolo Tolo akina 'Oumar'. Iyi filime yabaye iyamamare ryinjije umunsi wa mbere miliyoni 8.7.<ref>https://www.gapfilm.ir/people/7034-souleymane-sylla</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2014 | ''Anthropologie d'un homme moderne'' | Simoni | Filime ngufi |- | 2014 | ''Règlement de conte'' | Melle Sankaré | Filime ngufi |- | 2014 | ''Couper le voile'' | | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 | ''Panda III'' | | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Les Roméos et Juliettes'' | Souley | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''La répétition'' | Stéphane | Filime ngufi |- | 2018 | ''Pentekileya'' | Latif | Filime ya TV |- | 2019 | ''Shinyi Abantu Bishimye'' | Manu | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Poseur'' | Le gardien | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Bibimbap'' | Souleymane | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Checco Zalone: Immigrato'' | Souleymane Sylla | Video ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Désir noir, une nuit proche de Dieu'' | Lui | Filime ngufi |- | 2020 | ''Tolo Tolo'' | Oumar | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] c4itytzsb03s3zfhahub7o3s3345oii 0 9714 80835 2021-11-26T19:53:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1030648983|Dagmawi Yimer]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Dagmawi Yimer.jpg|thumb|'''Dagmawi Yimer''']] '''Dagmawi Yimer''' (yavutse 6 Ukuboza 1977), ni umukinnyi wa filimi uvuka muri etiyopiya ariko atuye mu [[Butaliyani]]. <ref name="filme">http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3509/</ref> <ref name="themigrationist">https://themigrationist.net/2014/11/05/journeying-into-the-hidden-world-of-migrants-with-filmmaker-dagmawi-yimer/</ref> Niwe kandi washinze hamwe na visi perezida wa Archivio delle Memorie Migranti. <ref name="parse">https://parsejournal.com/authors/dagmawi-yimer/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Ukuboza 1977 mu mujyi muto wa Kirkos, [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], muri Etiyopiya. Mbere yo kuva mu gihugu, yize amategeko i Addis Abeba mu 2003. <ref name="yimer">https://iffr.com/en/persons/dagmawi-yimer</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yavuye muri Etipoya kubera imvururu zikomeye nyuma ya politiki. Yavuye mu rugo atabimenyesheje se ariko nyina na mushiki we gusa. Yambutse ubutayu hagati ya Sudani na Libiya nyuma yambuka inyanja ya Mediterane mu mpera za Nyakanga 2006. Amaherezo yageze mu Butaliyani nyuma y'urugendo ruteye akaga. <ref name="yimer" /> Yimukiye i Lampedusa ahatura kuva ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2006. Muri Gicurasi 2007, yitabiriye amasomo yo kuvuga amashusho yishyirahamwe rya Asinitas. Muri kiriya gihe, yakoze documentaire ye ya mbere ''Ubutayu ninyanja'' afatanyije na Asinitas, Zalab na Aamod. Hagati aho, yimukiye mu bunzi bw’indimi n’umuco mu ishyirahamwe rya Asinitas Onlus, mu ishuri rimwe ry’abataliyani ry’abasaba ubuhunzi, impunzi n’abimukira. Mu myaka ye myiza kuva 2007 kugeza 2008, Yimer yakoze firime ngufi zizwi cyane: ''Lo scabocchio'', ''Le sagome'', na ''Caravan'' . Noneho yakoze ''Welcome to your home'' hamwe na Marco Carsetti. Noneho yari umwe mu banditsi ba documentaire ya biografiya ''Ngwino un uomo sulla terra'' yibanze ku kwimuka uva muri Libiya ujya i Burayi. Filime yakozwe na Asinitas Onlus, kubufatanye bwa Zalab. Muri 2009, Yimer yakiriye Umwihariko muri BIF & ST kuri documentaire. Muri 2011, yakoze firime ''Solo il mare'', yibanda ku kirwa cya Lampedusa. Noneho muri 2013, Yimer yakoze ''Va 'Pensiero'' ashingiye ku nkuru yambukiranya ibitero bibiri by'ivanguramoko muri Milan na Florence. Muri 2015, yakoze firime ebyiri: ''Asmat-Amazina'' na ''Benvenuti mu Butaliyani'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2007 | ''Caravan'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2007 | ''Le sagome'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 | ''Lo scabocchio'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 | ''Murakaza neza murugo rwawe'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 | ''Ngwino un uomo sulla terra'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2011 | ''Solo il mare'' | Umuyobozi | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Ninde ushobora kwitaho'' | Umukinnyi wa sinema | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2013 | ''Va 'pensiero - Storie ambulanti'' | Umuyobozi, umukinnyi wa sinema | Inyandiko |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0x52wi83n7bvu3xfk01bv47r4rogmfi 0 9715 80836 2021-11-26T19:59:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056603120|Ainea Ojiambo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ainea Ojiambo''' (yavutse 20 Mata 1970), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2066570/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'', ''[[Bullion (film)|Bullion]]'' na ''Jack Zollo: My life in crime''. <ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/51217-love-gold-led-kenyan-actor-scammers-video</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/516924.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 20 Mata 1970 i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]] . Ni se w'abana babiri, umuhungu n'umukobwa. == Umwuga == Mbere yo kwinjira muri ecran ikunzwe, yakoraga mumikino myinshi kandi nuburyo umwuga we wo gukina watangiye. <ref>https://coursediscovery.com/biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021/</ref> Mu 2004, yatumiriwe gukina muri firime ya Hollywood ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' iyobowe na Fernando Meirelles . <ref name="sqoop">https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201404/features/one-on-one-with-kenyan-bullion-actor-ainea-ojiambo.html</ref> Muri filime, yakinnye uruhare ruto rwa 'Umushoferi wa Polisi'. Filime yagenze neza kandi yinjiza amafaranga menshi kandi yegukana ibihembo bine bya Oscar . Hanyuma mu 2007, yakinnye muri tereviziyo ya [[Kenya]] ''Makutano Junction'' afite uruhare mu 'nzoka'. <ref>http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/snake.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda k'uruhererekane, nyuma yaje gutumirwa gukina izindi televiziyo ebyiri: ''Block-D'' na ''Noose ya Zahabu'' . Muri opera yisabune ''Noose ya Zahabu'', Ojiambo yakinnye nka 'Ole Mpisha'. <ref>http://wapend.com/video/Ole_Mpisha_and_breakfast_Noose_of_Gold/zrV_10ncp6k</ref> Isabune yaje gutangazwa ibihe 3 muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] muri Afrika Magic Channel . Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoze filime ye ya kabiri ya Hollywood ''[[The First Grader]]'', filime yerekana ikinamico yayobowe na Justin Chadwick . Muri filime, yagize uruhare runini nka 'Ushinzwe uburezi'. <ref name="sqoop" /> Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, yagaragaye muri firime muri firime, ''The Rugged Padiri'', ''[[Fundi-Mentals]]'', ''[[Nairobi Half Life]]'', ''Gukurikira Yesu'', ''Babuz Babies'', ''Kibera Kid'', ''Amaboko'' ''afunze'', ''Stigma'', Obohoz, ''Padiri Rugged'', ''Guerilla Boy'', na ''LoveDoctor'' . <ref>http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ainea-ojiambo.43134.html</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2014, yagaragaye muri filime y’ikinamico yo [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]] ''[[Bullion (film)|Bullion]] yatowe'' <ref>https://whownskenya.com/index.php/2021/04/30/ainea-ojiambo-biography-age-career-con-story-and-shooting/,%20https://whownskenya.com/index.php/2021/04/30/ainea-ojiambo-biography-age-career-con-story-and-shooting/</ref> ''muri Oscars'' afite uruhare runini. <ref>https://www.ugandanewsreleases.com/%EF%BB%BFbullion-premieres-saturday/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2007 | ''Ihuriro rya Makutano'' | Inzoka | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 | ''Toto Umuherwe'' | Supa | Filime |- | 2009 | ''Guhagarika-D'' | Chinedum | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Urunigi rwa zahabu'' | Ole Mpisha | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 | ''Umutambyi'' | Ole Shompole | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Sumu la Penzi'' | Intsinzi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | Inkoni 40 | Umufasha wa Politiki | Thriller |- | TBD | ''Kahawa Umukara'' | Steven Wamba | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] pl464sx8190hzyy12ulyk6v4it47tfm 0 9716 80837 2021-11-26T20:04:32Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1032285251|Hassani Shapi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassani Shapi''' (yavutse 15 Nyakanga 1973), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri Kenya, ukora cyane muri sinema y'Ubutaliyani. <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/231962/biografie/</ref> <ref>https://www.e-talenta.eu/members/profile/hassani-shapi</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Star Wars: Igice cya I - The Phantom Menace'', ''Isi'' Ntihagije na ''Il maresciallo Rocca'' . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bbb103657</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1973 i Mombasa, muri Kenya. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse i Paris, mu Bufaransa mu bumenyi bw'amatungo. Amaze kuba umuganga w'amatungo, yakoraga mu ivuriro ryigenga i Paris. Nyuma yimyaka mike, yaretse akazi no gutangira gukina. <ref>https://starwarsinterviews.com/prequel-trilogy/episode-i-the-phantom-menace/hassani-shapi-eeth-koth/</ref> == Umwuga == Yabanje gukora muri societe yikinamico yicyongereza i Paris yitwa ACT. Yakinnye ikinamico kandi akina udukino twinshi nka ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'', ''Animal Farm'', ''The Old Man and the Sea'' and ''Don Quixote'' . Mu 1992, yerekanwe kuri tereviziyo mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'uruhererekane ''Runaway Bay'' iyobowe na Tim Dowd. Nyuma yimyaka itandatu nyuma ya 1998, yongeye kugaragara kuri tereviziyo igice kimwe cya serial ''Ambasaderi'' . Muri 2009, Shapi yakinnye nka 'Saddam Hussein' muri televiziyo yo mu Butaliyani ''Intelligence - Servizi & Amabanga'' . Amaze kwimukira muri Amerika, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba ''Law & Order'' muri 2010. Nyamara, filime yagaragaye cyane yaje binyuze mu ruhare rwa Jedi Master 'Eeth Koth' muri ''Star War: Igice cya I - The Phantom Menace'' yafashwe na George Lucas mu 1999. Muri iyo filime, yakinnye hamwe n'abakinnyi bazwi, Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor na Natalie Portman . Intsinzi ya ''Star Wars'', yatumiriwe kwitabira ibikorwa mpuzamahanga bikomeye nka ''Agent 007'', ''Isi ntabwo ihagije'', ''Irina Palm'' kandi ''Ntukifuze umugore wabandi'' . Hagati aho, abonekera mu ishekeje nyinshi Butaliyani nka ''yacu ishyingiranwa Mu Crisis,'' ''Lezioni ya Chocolate,'' ''Today bashatse,'' ''Sharm el Sheikh - An kitazibagirana Summer,'' ''Ntawe ushobora Umucamanza Me,'' ''Abakobwa ugereranije gabo,'' ''sans Art cyangwa Igice,'' ''Chocolate Amasomo 2'' na ''The Umunsi w'inyongera hamwe na Fabio Volo'' . * == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] itzx4pk8yghvbv21b5tc9t3cs5uwx6v 0 9717 80838 2021-11-26T20:11:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/987414608|Tony Msalame]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tony Msalame Mwashumbe''' (12 Ukuboza 1964-28 Gicurasi 2010), yari Umukinnyi firime muri [[Kenya]] akaba n'umunyamakuru w'itangazamakuru. <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001373167/grace-msalames-tribute-to-her-late-radio-presenter-father</ref> Umwe mu banyamakuru bubahwa cyane mu mateka ya [[Kenya]] yo gutangaza amakuru, Msalame yanagaragaje nk'umukinnyi wa filime ''The Lion of Africa'' ndetse na televiziyo ya ''Tushauriane'' . <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000010422/presenter-tony-msalame-takes-final-bow</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1964 i Taita, muri Kenya nk'umuhungu wa kabiri w'umuryango. Se, Chrispas Mwashumbe yari Umugenzuzi Mukuru. Nyina, Grace Sowairina Mwashumbe yari umugore wo murugo. Yari afite barumuna be 6: Dorothy Mkakim, Sheila Kale, Arnold Magah, Lorna Mwashumbe, Jacob Mwashumbe na Surprise Mwashumbe. Mu 1967, nyina yapfuye hashize igihe gito murumunawe Surprise avutse. <ref name="safirisalama">https://safirisalama.com/memorial/tribute/tony-mwashumbe-msalame</ref> Afite akazi ka se, byabaye ngombwa ko yimukira mu turere twinshi, aho yarangirije amashuri abanza mu mashuri menshi arimo; Ishuri ryibanze rya Buxton Mombasa, DEB Pumwani primaire na Kisumu Union Primary School. Amaherezo yarangije Ikizamini cya KCPE mu 1970 avuye mu ishuri ribanza rya Samburu. Nyuma yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Ruiru arangiza ikizamini cya O mu 1974. Muri kiriya gihe, yasuraga buri gihe nyirarume, nyirarureshwa Job Isaac Mwamto. <ref name="safirisalama" /> Amaze kurangiza O-urwego, yabaga kwa Upper Woodley kwa nyirarume kandi aho yabyaye ishyaka ryo gutangaza radio. Mugihe cya tereviziyo ''Visa vya Safari'', yahuye numugore we, Pauline Mukuhi. Bashyinguwe ku mugaragaro ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1986, nyuma baza ku ya 26 Gicurasi 1989 mu cyumba cy'Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru. Abashakanye babyaranye abakobwa babiri, Grace Sowairina, wavutse ku ya 10 Nyakanga 1986 na Natasha Waithera, wavutse ku ya 19 Ukwakira 1990. == Umwuga == Ku ikubitiro yagize igihe gito muri NSSF n’ishami rishinzwe abinjira n’abinjira. Nyuma yaje kwifatanya na Ogilvy & Mather Advertising Agency hanyuma akora imyaka 20. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, yatangiye gukora kuri Ijwi rya Kenya . Muri kiriya gihe, yamenyekanye cyane muri gahunda ye ''Ongeza Maarifa'' . Hanyuma mu 1996, yinjiye muri 'Metro FM' maze akora progaramu ya ''Shekki Leggi'' yatambutse muri wikendi. Mu 2004, yimukiye i Mombasa maze atangiza 'Shekki FM'. <ref name="nairobi">https://nairobiwire.com/2020/04/grace-msalame-pays-heartfelt-tribute-to-legendary-dad-tony-msalame.html</ref> rYatangiye umwuga wo gukina amakinamico akina muri Theatre yigihugu ya Kenya harimo na ''Inspecteur wa Guverinoma'' na ''Mabepari wa Venisi'' ndetse no kuri tereviziyo Drama ''Visa vya Safari'' aho yahuriye n’umugore we. Mu 1988, Msalame yakinnye nka 'dogiteri' muri firime ya HBO Intare yo muri Afrika Yakinnye kandi muri ''sabune Tushauriane'' anakina nka 'Mwalimu wa Walimu Dennis'. == Urupfu == Ku ya 28 Gicurasi 2010, Msalame yapfuye nyuma yo kugwa muri sitidiyo ye ya Shekki FM iwe i Nyali. Postmortem yemeje ko urupfu rwatewe n'indwara itunguranye y'umutima. <ref name="nairobi" /> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 1988 | ''Intare yo muri Afrika'' | Muganga | Filime | |- | 1989 | ''Tushauriane'' | Mwalimu wa Walimu Dennis | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] bx26a21dinmkmwnrvzuw7zmtgob576x 0 9718 80839 2021-11-26T20:19:06Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1052614279|Christopher Okinda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christopher Odhiambo Okinda''' (yavutse 15 Ukuboza 1980), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]] . <ref>https://www.filmportal.de/en/person/christopher-okinda_ea383d3344434d52ba0569cd039ce5d7</ref> <ref>https://www.wunschliste.de/person/christopher-okinda</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' na ''The White Massai'' . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bd291f5a</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umuyobozi wa firime, producer, umwanditsi hamwe n'umunyamakuru wa Radio. <ref name=":0">https://rankly.com/item/christopher-odhiambo-okinda</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1980 i Mombasa, muri Kenya kuri Elizabeth Apiyo Aruwa na Alois Okinda. Se yari afite abagore benshi, bityo yarezwe na nyina babanaga. Yabanje kwiga mu ishuri ribanza rya Aga Khan (Parklands, Kenya) hanyuma Bikira Mariya w'Ishuri ribanza ryimbabazi. Nyuma, yimukiye muri St Peter's Mumias Boys primaire mu 1994 arangije ishuri rya St Mary (muri Yala) mu 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yatangiye gukina filime muri firime ishimishije ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' iyobowe na Fernando Meirelles . Okinda yagize uruhare ruto rwo gushyigikira nka 'Muganga' muri film. <ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Film/63355-THE-CONSTANTGARDENER?sid=2a2f0467-a130-4b8c-a9a1-28425bf6e886&sr=9.742409&cp=1&pos=0</ref> Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori byinshi bya firime. <ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/constant_gardener</ref> Hamwe nitsinzi yumukobwa we wambere yakinnye, yahise atoranywa muri ''White Massai'' 2005. Hagati aho, yashinze firime yikinamico 'Something Productions'. Binyuze muri sosiyete, yakinnye amakinamico mu rurimi kavukire rwa nyina Dholuo. Usibye gukina, kuri ubu akora nka radio yerekana igitondo akaba numuyobozi uhanga 'Hot 96 FM' muri Kenya. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 |the constant Gardener | Muganga | Filime |- | 2005 | ''Massai Yera'' | Amakuru Yumuyobozi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 4thvgifq9mh0tiwgzy5dguj4g8rkb1f 0 9719 80840 2021-11-26T20:24:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056250743|Benjamin Onyango]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Alfred Onyango Ochieng''', numukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri [[Kenya]] akaba atuye Muri [[Amerika]], ukora cyane mubikorwa bya firime ya Hollywood. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Tears of the Sun'', ''God's Not Dead'' and ''Beautifully Broken'' . <ref name="medium1">https://mubi.com/cast/benjamin-a-onyango</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye mu gace ka Ofafa Jericho mu burasirazuba, [[Nairobi|i Nairobi]], muri Kenya, nk'umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w'abavandimwe barindwi. <ref name="boxedthefilm1">https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/buzz/kenyan-hollywood-actor-benjamin-onyango-in-town-380440</ref> Se yari Christopher Ochieng naho nyina yari Eudiah Achieng Ochieng. Benjamin yatangiye amashuri abanza muri Ofafa Jericho Primaire hanyuma Ofafa Jericho Secondary School. Igihe Benjamin yujuje imyaka 18, yahawe akazi na se muri British American Tobacco Kenya Ltd (BAT) nyuma yimurirwa ku mwanya w’umwanditsi mu ishami ry’imishahara aho yakoraga imyaka 4. Hanyuma yimuriwe mu ishami rya mudasobwa maze akora imyaka ibiri. <ref name="medium">https://medium.com/@denislesak/benjamin-benji-onyango-one-on-one-with-gods-not-dead-star-5bfb51087971</ref> Nyuma yaje kwinjira muri kaminuza mpuzamahanga yo muri Amerika (USIU) yiga ibijyanye no gucunga amakuru (MIT). Kugira ngo akomeze kwiga, Benjamin yimukiye muri USIU, San Diego muri Amerika. <ref name="boxedthefilm">https://www.boxedthefilm.com/benjamin-onyango</ref> Kuva aho, yimuriwe muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Stanislaus i Turlock, muri Californiya. Hanyuma mu 1992, yarangije Impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science muri Computer Science. <ref name="medium" /> == Umwuga == Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yimukiye i Hollywood, muri Californiya aho yize ibijyanye n'umuziki no gukina. Yakoranye nitsinda rya Funk Rock 'PFO' nyuma yimyaka mike ahitamo kuba umukinnyi wabigize umwuga. Hamwe n'iki gitekerezo, yatangiye kugaragara muri firime nyinshi zerekana ndetse na tereviziyo zizwi cyane zo muri Amerika nk'ibitaro ''bikuru'', ''The Shield'' na ''X-dosiye'' mu 1999. Hagati aho, yakinnye muri''The God’s Not Dead'' Trilogy franchise as well as ''Tears of the Sun'', ''Heavenly Deposit'', ''Beautifully Broken'', ''Father Africa'', ''The Boy'', ''Road to Redemption'', ''Default'', ''Kwame'', ''Chains'', ''Thunder Chance'', ''The Disciple'', ''American Crude'' and ''The Termina'' . Yabaye kandi umukinnyi wijwi kandi atanga ijwi rye kuri firime na tereviziyo zirimo; ''Isura Yanyuma'', ''Umujinya 7'', ''Constantine'', ''Ijoro Mumurage Muzehe I & III'', ''Imashini Yamamaza Imashini'', ''Intangiriro'', ''Umunsi Isi Yagumyeho'', ''Primeval'', ''Ligue Yabanyacyubahiro Bidasanzwe'', ''Inzira ya 911'', ''Mighty Joe Young'' na ''E-ring'' . Usibye gukina, ni n'umwanditsi ufite inguzanyo zo kwandika zizwi zirimo''The Wives'' (TV Series); ''Dysfunctionally Organized'' (Web Series); ''Mind Tricks'' and ''Curse of Devil’s Mountain'' (Shorts), ''Cheza'' and ''Original Man'' (Films).. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1999 |''The X-Files'' |Second African Man |TV Series |- |2003 |''Tears of the Sun'' |Colonel Emanuel Okeze |Film |- |2004 |''The Terminal'' |African Man with Wife and Child |Film |- |2005 |''The Shield'' |Store Clerk |TV Series |- |2006 |''General Hospital'' |Father |TV Series |- |2007 |''The Anatolian'' |Security Officer |Film |- |2008 |''The Disciple'' |Doctor |Film |- |2008 |''American Crude'' |Toomy |Film |- |2008 |''Kwame'' |Kwame Opoku |Short film |- |2009 |''Chains'' |Buhle |Short film |- |2009 |''Resident Evil 5'' |Majini |Video Game |- |2010 |''Thunder Chance'' |General |Short film |- |2010 |''Mind Tricks'' |Joe Manning |Short film |- |2011 |''Resident Evil: The Mercenaries 3D'' |Majini |Film |- |2011 |''Curse of Devil's Mountain'' |Mr. Dean |Short film |- |2011 |''Bosco's Guitar'' |Radio Announcer & Male Attackers (voice) |Short film |- |2012 |''Chapter One'' |Mao Aka Bendrix |Short film |- |2013 |''MISSInformed'' |Father |Short film |- |2013 |''Trusts and Estates'' |Waiter |Documentary short |- |2014 |''God's Not Dead'' |Reverend Jude |Film |- |2014 |''Default'' |Edward |Film |- |2014 |''Hollywood Street'' |Salem |Film |- |2015 |''The Boy'' |The Healer |Short film |- |2015 |''The Other Tribes'' |Onyango |Film |- |2015 |''The Black Pot'' |Guest |TV Series |- |2016 |''Madame Esmeralda and the Audition'' |Benvolio |Film |- |2016 |''God's Not Dead 2'' |Reverend Jude |Film |- |2016 |''Dysfunctionally Organized'' |Street Preacher |TV Series |- |2016 |''Road to Redemption'' |Tribal Councilman 2 |Film |- |2017 |''Oscar'' |Samuel Braxton |Film |- |2017 |''Father Africa'' |Dr. Haki |Film |- |2018 |''God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness'' |Reverend Jude |Film |- |2018 |''Beautifully Broken'' |William Mwizerwa |Film |- |2018 |''A Minor Variation'' |Figs |Short film |- |2019 |''Godforsaken'' |Ezekiel |Film |- |2019 |''Freshman Year'' |Chukwumah |Film |- |2019 |''Heavenly Deposit'' |Nigel |Film |- |2019 |''The Wives'' |Otieno |TV Series |- |2021 |''God's Not Dead: We The People'' |Reverend Jude |Film |- |TBD |''My Friend'' |James Ellis |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 99sk8g9mp6hpigv2v12pxho55lbmsdo 0 9720 80841 2021-11-26T20:28:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/990736233|Edwin Mahinda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Edwin Mahinda''' , umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]] wacyuye igihe. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/edwin-mahinda/filmografie</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/38884.html</ref> Gutangira umwuga we wa sinema nkumuhanzi wumwana, Mahinda azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''The Kitchen Toto'', ''White Mischief'' and ''The Lion of Africa''. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba54853d1</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/edwin-mahinda</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1987, Mahinda yagaragaye bwa mbere muri sinema hamwe na firime yo mu Bwongereza yitwa ''The Kitchen Toto'' . <ref>https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/kitchen-toto/</ref> Yakinnye cyane 'Mwangi' muri iyi filime, aho yaje gutsindira igihembo cya Festival ya Paris igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090115141601/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/256286</ref> Intsinzi ya firime, yahise atoranywa muri firime ya ''White Mischief'' yo mu 1987 kubera uruhare ruto rwa 'Umuhungu Wategereje kuri Wake'. Ariko, mu 1988, yongeye kugira uruhare mu gushyigikira 'Umuvandimwe wa Joko' muri filime y'Abanyamerika ''The Lion of Africa'' . Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 28 Kamena 1987, kuri HBO . <ref>http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1988-02-14/entertainment/8803300319_1_lion-brian-dennehy-theater-screen</ref> Mu 1989, Mahinda yagaragaye bwa nyuma muri firime. Yakinnye nka 'Moja' muri ''Piramiddo nta kanata ni: Intare yera densetsu'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1987 | ''Igikoni'' | Mwangi | Filime |- | 1987 | ''Ikibi cyera'' | Umuhungu Wategereje Wake | Filime |- | 1988 | ''Intare yo muri Afrika'' | Umuvandimwe wa Joko | Filime ya TV |- | 1989 | ''Piramiddo nta kanata ni: Intare yera densetsu'' | Moja | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 7hsgnm7aa8jou116mh96dqt89r0fi2d 0 9721 80842 2021-11-26T20:35:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056251793|Peter Nzioki]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter King Nzioki Mwania''' (yavutse 25 Gicurasi 1978), uzwi cyane nka '''Peter King''', ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Kenya]] . <ref>http://www.spla.pro/en/file.person.peter-king-nzioki.35012.html</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-ceo-ive-been-an-actor-all-these-years-no-one-noticed-peter-king-says/36r7knj</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri filime ''The Constant Gardener'',''The Fifth Estate'' and ''Sense8''. . <ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Nzioki yavutse ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1978 i Nairobi, muri [[Kenya]]. Se wa Michael David Mwania, yakoraga mu gisirikare cya Kenya naho nyina akora mu bitaro bya gisirikare. Afite imyaka itandatu, yinjiye mu rusengero mu kigo cya Lang'ata. Amashuri ye yarangije ayisumbuye muri Lang'ata i Nairobi. <ref name="kenyabuzz">https://www.kenyabuzz.com/lifestyle/hot-peter-king-mwania/</ref> Yashakanye na mugenzi we bakina filime Tess King. <ref>https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2638546/peter-king-nzioki-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye gukina filime mu 2000 muri Theatre yigihugu ya Kenya imyaka itatu iyobowe na Joab Kanuka. Mu ikinamico, yakinnye 'Iago' muri Phoenix Players yerekana ibyago bya Shakespeare ''Othello'' . Muri 2005, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime afite uruhare ruto muri ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' iyobowe na Fernando Meirelles . Muri uwo mwaka, yagaragaye nka 'Barman' muri televiziyo ya ''Transit'' . Muri 2016, yagaragaye muri firime ishimishije ''Umuyobozi mukuru'' aho yakinnye nka 'Jomo'. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku ya 10 Nyakanga 2016, muri Eko Hotels & Suites, Ikirwa cya Victoria, Lagos <ref>http://thenet.ng/2016/07/kunle-afolayans-ceo-movie-to-premiere-in-lagos-today/</ref> nyuma iza gukundwa cyane. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/07/chioma-nnanna-reviews-kunle-afolayans-new-movie-the-c-e-o/</ref> <ref>http://pulse.ng/movies/pulse-movie-review-kunle-afolayans-the-ceo-isnt-a-conventional-nollywood-movie-id5302986.html</ref> Yagaragaye cyane nka 'Mkwajo' muri muzika ''Mo Faya'' yatsindiye ibihembo iyobowe na Eric Wainaina; umugambi ''mubisha muri FaceBook'' numunyapolitiki ruswa 'Mzito' muri ''Ni Sisi'' . Nyuma yinshingano nyinshi zubugome, yahawe umwanya wo kuba papa muri ''serivise ya'' MTV Shuga 2, hanyuma aba umutoza wumupira wamaguru muri ''The Inside Story'' yerekanwe kuri Discovery Channel; n'umuvugabutumwa mu ''Cyuma Cyuma Cyuma'' . <ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/lifestyle/hot-peter-king-mwania/</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yatoranijwe kugira ngo azabe umuyobozi w’icyaha cya Kenya 'Silas Kabaka' muri Netflix ''Sense8'' . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense8 Uruhare rwamuteye kuba umukinnyi wa tereviziyo uzwi cyane muri [[Kenya]]. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2005 | ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|Umurimyi uhoraho]]'' | Umupolisi 1 | Filime | |- | 2005 | ''Inzira'' | Barman | Filime ya TV | |- | 2007 | ''Umugani w'icyuma'' | Umubwiriza | Filime ngufi | |- | 2007 | ''Ihuriro rya Makutano'' | Albert Mukara | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2010 | ''Ndoto Za Elibidi'' | Umupolisi 1 | Filime | |- | 2013 | ''Umutungo wa gatanu'' | Oscar Kamau Kingara | Filime | |- | 2016 | ''Umuyobozi mukuru'' | Jomo | Filime | |- | 2016 | ''Kati Kati'' | Umwami | Filime | |- | 2016 | ''Sense8'' | Silas Kabaka | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2018 | ''Umuhigi'' | Kennedy | Filime ngufi | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3nojd84x35lnjs5hptrjm38k1rn566c 0 9722 81050 81001 2021-12-06T19:41:14Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kalisa.jpg|thumb|443x443px|Umutoni Jessie Kalisa]] = Umutoni Jessie Kalisa = Umutoni Jessie Kalisa ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umuyobozi w'uruganda ruzwi kw'izina rya G-Mart == Amateka == == Amashuri yize n'ibyo akora == == Ibindi bikorwa == Umutoni Jessie Kalisa yabaye umuyobozi w'uruganda rwa G-Mart rukora ingwa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83034/uruganda-g-mart-rukora-ingwa-batanze-inkunga-ya-miliyoni-esh-83034.html</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] n46ljysbwd1um6md9fqhfspssrnr59t 0 9723 82464 81049 2022-04-09T19:09:16Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rukera christine.jpg|thumb|194x194px|Rukera Christine]] = Rukera Christine = Rukera Christine ni umunyarwandakazi wikorera. == Amateka == Rukera Christine ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu, akaba atuye mu karere ka kicukiro mu murenge wa Kagarama.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/umugore-wiyeguriye-ubuhinzi-bw-urusenda-yiteguye-kugemura-toni-75-mu-buhinde</ref> == Amashuri yize n'umwuga == Rukera Christine ni Umuhinzi wabigize umwuga. aho ahinga urusenda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/umugore-wiyeguriye-ubuhinzi-bw-urusenda-yiteguye-kugemura-toni-75-mu-buhinde</ref> yatangiye ubuhinzi bw'urusenda nyuma yo gusoza icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza aho yatangiye ahinga kuri hegitari 11. yashinze kompanyi yitwa CF Premium company Ltd. yubatse uruganda mu mujyi wa Kigali mu gihe yarafite isoko ryo mu Rwanda. mu mwaka wa 2019 yitabiriye inama yahuzaga abikorera aho yamuritse urusenda yakoraga rurakundwa bivamo kubona isoko ryo mu buhinde rya toni 75 buri gihembwe cy'ihinga cyangwa se (season) mu rurimi rwa mahanga.<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/196929</ref> kuri ubu ubuhinzi bwe bugirira abanyarwanda batari bake akamaro aho akoresha hagati yabakozi magana atatu(300) na magana ane(400) mu gihe kihinga ndetse agakoresha hagati y'ijana(100) n'ijana na makumyabiri(120) mu gihe cy'isarura.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/umugore-wiyeguriye-ubuhinzi-bw-urusenda-yiteguye-kugemura-toni-75-mu-buhinde</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == == Aho Byakuwe == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 91r88k53qxznwb40twuidgjbrtotqza 0 9724 80854 2021-11-27T12:10:42Z Nninette 10329 Created page with "== Gasana mutesi == Gasana mutesi ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari we washinze '''Ubuntu publishers and Arise Education Rwanda'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/writing-singing-how-covid-19-helped-gasana-discover-hidden-talent</ref> . == Umwuga == Gasana mutesi yatangiye kugira uruhare mu kwandika muri 2008,yashinze ubuntu publishers aho yatangiye kujya yandika akanasohora ibitabo by'abana kugirango bijye bibafasha gukunda igihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]] no kumeny..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Gasana mutesi == Gasana mutesi ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari we washinze '''Ubuntu publishers and Arise Education Rwanda'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/writing-singing-how-covid-19-helped-gasana-discover-hidden-talent</ref> . == Umwuga == Gasana mutesi yatangiye kugira uruhare mu kwandika muri 2008,yashinze ubuntu publishers aho yatangiye kujya yandika akanasohora ibitabo by'abana kugirango bijye bibafasha gukunda igihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]] no kumenya intwari zacyo, ubu ibitabo bye umunani bikaba byaremerewe kwifashishwa mu mashuri byemewe na ''Rwanda Basic Education Boar''d(REB) <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/gasanas-literary-experience-author-and-publisher</ref> . == Reba == <references /> mdk9ipea8qu1jw7ut9jhgzx49lv8p3w 0 9725 80860 2021-11-27T19:35:54Z Nninette 10329 Created page with "== Isabelle uzamukunda == Isabelle uzamukunda ni '''umunyarwandakazi''' wavukiye nyamasheke akaba yarashinze '''AGASARO ORGANIC''' mu karere ka Nyamasheke mu murenge wa Bushekeri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/nyamasheke-yatekereje-guteza-imbere-aho-avuka-none-afite-uruganda-rutunganya</ref>. == Umwuga == Isabelle uzamukunda yashinze AGASARO ORGANIC rukaba ari uruganda rwifashisha imbuto nk'inanasi mu gukora imitobe, ndetse rwatanze aka..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Isabelle uzamukunda == Isabelle uzamukunda ni '''umunyarwandakazi''' wavukiye nyamasheke akaba yarashinze '''AGASARO ORGANIC''' mu karere ka Nyamasheke mu murenge wa Bushekeri<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/nyamasheke-yatekereje-guteza-imbere-aho-avuka-none-afite-uruganda-rutunganya</ref>. == Umwuga == Isabelle uzamukunda yashinze AGASARO ORGANIC rukaba ari uruganda rwifashisha imbuto nk'inanasi mu gukora imitobe, ndetse rwatanze akazi runarateza imbere abahinzi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/how-local-female-entrepreneur-lifting-farmers-out-poverty</ref> . == Hano == l3igxfov9edd0zs06z8j5hh6x56ak1h 0 9726 83444 80861 2022-05-13T11:07:43Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josette komezusenge''' ni umunyarwandakazi ndetse yihangiye n'umurimo wo kwita kuri drede mu buryo bworoshye <ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/komezusenge-yavumbuye-gusuka-dread-locks-akoresheje-crochet.hmtl</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Josette komezusenge ni umwana wa cumi na rimwe mu bana cumi na babiri akaba ku myaka cumi nitanu yaragiye mu bubiligi gutangira amashuri yisumbuye muri College St Andre de Tournai ndetse akomereza i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mu mwaka wa kane gusa nyuma yaho asubira mu [[Belgium|Bubiligi]] ndetse abona Bachelors Degree in Accounting<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/104393</ref>. igihe yagarukaga mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2006 yamaze igihe ategura uburyo yatangiza salon ye<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/104393</ref>. == Umwuga == Josette komezusenge yihangiye uburyo bwo gutunganya drede(dread locks) yifashishije crochet harimo; kuzihambura, kuzigira ndende n'ibindi, ibi akaba yarabigezeho amaze imyaka makumyabiri nibiri akora mu bijyanye no gutunganya imisatsi<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/komezusenge-yavumbuye-gusuka-dread-locks-akoresheje-crochet.hmtl</ref>. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] khwnhy47xh28x058zg1gdsa22ptjd3d 0 9727 80862 2021-11-28T06:06:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1008709384|Lara Sousa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lara Sousa''' kandi '''Lara de Sousa''' numukinnyi wa firime wa Mozambike. <ref name="ONavio">https://m.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/482/208260.html</ref> <ref name="BC">https://www.britishcouncil.org/arts/sub-saharan-africa/colabnownow/2019</ref> Yakoze nka porogarama muri Festival ya DOCKANEMA [[Mozambike|documentaire ya Mozambike]] imyaka itari mike kandi akora ibikorwa byimibereho niterambere, yibanda kubushakashatsi bwe kubibazo byuburinganire, uburenganzira bwa muntu nibindi. <ref name="Fin">https://www.ethnofest.gr/film/fin/</ref> == Uburezi == Sousa afite impamyabumenyi yihariye mu bijyanye na Documentaire Direction, yakuye muri Escuela Internacional de Cine y Televiziyo(EICTV) ya San Antonio de los Baños, [[Kiba|Cuba]] . Yize kandi Anthropology muri ISCTE, [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na UCM, [[Esipanye|Espanye]], azobereye muri Visual Anthropology . <ref>http://miradasdoc.com/mdoc2019/portfolio_page/o-navio-e-o-mar/?lang=en</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2017, yanditse, ayobora kandi asohora inyandiko yerekana [[Icyesipanyole|ururimi rw'icyesipanyoli]] '', La Finca del Miedo'' (Umurima w'ubwoba), yakozwe na IECTV, muri [[Kiba|Cuba]] . <ref name="La">https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/project/profile/228964</ref> Muri 2018, yayoboye filime documentaire, ''Fin'' (End), nayo yasohotse muri Cuba. Filime documentaire, ''The Ship and the Sea'' ( [[Igiporutigali|Igiporutugali:]] ''O Navio eo Mar'' ), yakoranye na Matheus Mello, afatanya na Everlane Moraes, yatoranijwe hamwe nizindi firime zigera kuri 30 nkumushinga wimishinga yimari kuri Durban ya 11 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime (DIFF 2020) ryabaye hagati ya 10 na 20 Nzeri, kumurongo. <ref>http://africultures.com/evenements/?no=49687</ref> <ref>https://ladima.africa/durban-filmmart-institute-announces-2020-durban-filmmart-finance-forum-projects/</ref> <ref>https://sandtonchronicle.co.za/lnn/1141451/31-film-projects-across-africa-selected-to-pitch-at-durban-filmmarts-finance-forum</ref> Iyi filime yatsindiye kandi muri Durban FilmMart ya 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime Amashusho Amsterdam (IDFA) Igihembo [[Ubuholandi|cy’Ubuholandi]] . <ref>https://www.idfa.nl/en/info/project-award-winners-at-idfa-2020</ref> Yitabiriye gutoranya ibikorwa bya Indaba 2020, mu cyiciro cya mbere, "Abitabiriye 2020 bafite imishinga ni abaproducer", hamwe na Inadelso Costa umushinga wa firime witwa "Karigana". <ref>https://iffr.com/en/blog/indaba-announces-its-inaugural-selection</ref> Yitabiriye imurikagurisha rya Colab NowNow ryateguwe n’inama y’Ubwongereza, afatanya n’umunsi mukuru wa Maputo Fast Forward wa [[Mozambike|Mozambique]] na Fak'ugesi African Digital Innovation Festival yo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] . <ref>https://festival-mff.com/exposicoes/colabnownow/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] q3vdvzrryz412g5zsy0cq2npcwtnriz 0 9728 81243 80863 2021-12-16T14:29:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arlete Guilhermina "Guillermina" Vincente Bombe''' (wavutse 1983) ni Umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Maputo|Mozambike ukomoka i Maputo]], muri [[Mozambike]] . <ref>http://en.ilteatrofabene.it/arlete-guilhermina-vicente-bombe/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2017, yagaragaye muri documentaire ya Iacopo Patierno yitwa ''Wiwanana'', hamwe na Safina Ansumane Ali, Agostino Maico Chipula n'abandi. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8184604/</ref> <ref>https://www.filmitalia.org/p.aspx?t=film&l=en&did=107283</ref> <ref>http://en.ilteatrofabene.it/</ref> Nanone rwaravuzwe muri Mickey Fonseca wa 2019 yegukanye igihembo-film, ''Redemption'' ( "Resgate" mu [[Igiporutigali|Portuguese]] ). Iyi filime kandi yakinnye hamwe na Gil Alexandre, Laquino Fonseca, Tomas Bie, Rachide Abul, Candido Quembo n'abandi. <ref>https://www.netflix.com/ng/title/81273165?preventIntent=true</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8870574/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> <ref>http://www.nyfa.edu/film-school-blog/new-york-film-academy-alum-mickey-fonsecas-sells-award-winning-film-resgate-to-netflix/</ref> Yatowe mu ''bihembo bya AMAA 2019 nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu cyiciro cyo Gushyigikira'' mu bihembo bya 15 bya [[Afurika]] Movie Academy Awards (AMAA), kubera uruhare yagize muri filime, ''Redemption'' . <ref>http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762</ref> <ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-releases-full-nominees-ghana-gets-11-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/amaa-returns-to-lagos-for-15th-annual-academy-awards/</ref> <ref>https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/</ref> <ref>https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''( <nowiki><i id="mwPA">Resgate</i></nowiki> )'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Mia'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2017 | ''Wiwanana'' | Umukinnyi (wenyine) | Inyandiko |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2019 | AMAA | ''Igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira'' | Wenyine |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hkrxe3gujv3u4j662dxxa3u1iejadq2 0 9729 80864 2021-11-28T06:18:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1010608604|Mohcine Malzi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohcine Malzi''' (nanone '''Mouhcine Malzi''' ) ni Umukinnyi wa firime muri Maroc. <ref name="Tan">https://www.graziamaroc.ma/articles/fifm-parterre-de-stars-aa-marrakech/ZZZEEDGF</ref> == Umwuga == Malzi yakinnye nka "Abdelkader" muri firime ya Faouzi Bensaïdi, ''Volubilis'', inagaragaramo Nadia Kounda na Nezha Rahil. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Venice hagati ya 30 Kanama kugeza ku ya 9 Nzeri 2017, bivugwa ko byari biteganijwe ko izasohoka mu nzu y'imikino ya Maroc kugeza uwo mwaka urangiye. <ref>https://mobile.telquel.ma/2017/07/27/les-premieres-images-volubilis-nouveau-film-faouzi-bensaidi_1555582</ref> Icyakora, ''amaherezo Telquel'' yatangaje ko isohoka muri sinema izaba ku ya 3 Ukwakira 2018. <ref name="Vol">https://mobile.telquel.ma/2018/09/06/%E2%80%89volubilis%E2%80%89-de-bensaidi-enfin-en-salle-au-maroc-le-3-octobre_1609627</ref> Muri 2018, niwe wegukanye umwanya wa "Umukinnyi mwiza" mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tangier (TNFF). <ref>https://quid.ma/culture/fifm-:-le-tapis-rouge-de-marrakech-verra-defiler-des-plus-grands-noms-du-cinema-mondial-</ref> Muri 2019, yakinnye muri filime isetsa-ikinamico ya Saidi Bensaïdi, ''Tagisi Bied'', ari kumwe na Mohamed El Khyari, Sahar Seddiki, Anas El Baz, Hassan Foulane na Saida Baâdi. <ref name="Tax">https://m.2m.ma/fr/programme/taxi-bied-bientot-dans-les-salles-de-cinema-20190214/</ref> Yagaragaye muri filime, ''L'balisa'', anagaragaramo: Ahmed Yreziz na Jalila Tlamsi. <ref>https://www.medias24.com/un-ramadan-sous-confinement-ce-que-propose-la-chaine-al-aoula-9487.html</ref> Yagaragaye no muyindi filime itarashyirwa ahagaragara na Faouzi Bensaïdi yitwa, ''Summer Days''. <ref>https://femmesdumaroc.com/interview/entre-projets-et-vacances-10-personnalites-se-confient-sur-leur-ete-62924</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2019 !Film | Umukinnyi | Urwenya, Ikinamico |- | 2017 |''Taxi Bied'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Abdelkader'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2016 |''Volubilis'' | Umukinnyi | Urwenya |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 |''Julie-Aicha'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Umutekinisiye wa Star wo muri Afuganisitani'', nka Mohcine Malzi) | Urwenya, Umuziki, Intambara |- |''Rock the Kasbah'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Mounir'' ) | Thriller |- | 2014 |''Les Griffes du Passé'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico |- | 2013 |''Formatage'' | Umukinnyi | Urwenya |- | 2012 |''Elle est diabétique 3'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Umusirikare 2'' ) | Ikinamico, Intambara |- | 2011 |''The Patience Stone'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Allal'' ) | Ikinamico |- | |''Death for Sale'' (Motre à vendre) | | |} === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''Ezzaima'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Karim'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa TV (2019-2020), Ikinamico |- | 2018 - | ''Wala alik'' | Umukinnyi mu gice cya 1, 2018 | Urukurikirane rwa TV, Ikinamico |- | 2017 |''Homeland'' | Umukinnyi | Urukurikirane rwa TV (2011-2020), Icyaha, Ikinamico, Amayobera |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2018 | TNFF | ''Umukinnyi mwiza'' | We ubwe |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] am39ykfp9zhljaedai5yxmpb2630exx 0 9730 81245 80865 2021-12-16T14:32:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohcine Besri''' (wavutse 1971) ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Maroke|Maroc]], umwanditsi, Producer n'umuyobozi wazo. <ref name="Main">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2099662/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> <ref name="Pro">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2099662/fullcredits/producer?ref_=m_ttfc_4</ref> == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2011, yanditse kandi ayobora filime, ''The Miscreants'' (izina ry'umwimerere ry'igifaransa: ''Les mécréants'' ), ayikora kandi hamwe na Michel Merkt, Michaël Rouzeau na Nicolas Wadimoff. Iyi filime yayikinnye na Jamila El Haouini, Maria Lalouaz, Amine Ennaji, Abdenbi El Beniwi, Rabii Benjhaile n'abandi. <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/karlovy-vary-international-film-festival-miscreants-review-346299</ref> Bivugwa ko iyi filime yasohowe na serivise yo kuri interineti Filmatigue ahagana mu 2017. <ref>http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/285586/Arts--Culture/Film/Two-Egyptian-films-released-by-online-filmstreamin.aspx</ref> <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/15/movies/filmmaker-catherine-breillat-explores-sex-and-power.html</ref> Muri 2018, yayoboye film, ''Urgent'' (Umutwe wumwimerere ''wigifaransa: Une urgence ordinaire'' ), ayikina na Cécile Vargaftig. Yakozwe na Elisa Garbar, Lamia Chraibi na Michel Merkt, ikagaragaramo abakinnyi nka Rachid Mustapha, Fatima Zahra Bennacer, Youssef Alaoui, Ayoub Layoussifi n'abandi. <ref name="Ur">https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/urgent-busan-review/5132986.article</ref> <ref name="IMDBUr">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt9526908/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i2</ref> <ref>https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/61590/diaspo-ayoub-layoussifi-engineer-became.html</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Marrakech 2018 (MIFF) <ref>https://www.screendaily.com/features/in-focus-the-new-look-marrakech-international-film-festival/5134945.article</ref> <ref>https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2018/11/258468/14-films-marrakech-nternational-film-festival/</ref> no mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Palm Springs <ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2018/12/palm-springs-international-film-festival-2019-lineup-1202028268/</ref> <ref>https://www.palmspringslife.com/kenneth-branagh-film-palm-springs/</ref> na Tangier National Film Festival 2019. <ref>https://middle-east-online.com/en/%E2%80%9C-some-insignificant-events%E2%80%9D-opens-tangier-national-film-festival</ref> Mu birori bya 15 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) mu 2016, yatowe mu cyiciro cya "Umuyobozi mwiza" kubera filime ''yihutirwa'' . Filime kandi yabonye izindi nomination enye. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amaa-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-award/m1ppsb7</ref> <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/full-list-delivery-boy-king-of-boys-lead-2019-ama-awards-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/just-in-amaa-releases-nominations-list-for-2019/</ref> <ref>https://yen.com.gh/136215-cynthia-dankwa-the-burial-kojo-star-wins-promising-actor-2019-africa-movie-academy-awards-full-list-winners.html</ref> Biracyaza muri 2018, yanditse kandi ayobora firime yerekana ikinamico yitwa ''Laaziza'' . Muri filime hagaragayemo abakinnyi nka Fatima Zahra Benacer, Omar Lotfi, Rachid Elouali na Zakaria Atifi. <ref name="Laaz">https://casablancaarabfilmfestival.com/en/laaziza/feature-film-competition-2019/</ref> Bivugwa ko iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya 40 rya Cairo. <ref>https://www.arabnews.com/node/1408706/art-culture</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''[[Urgent (film)|Byihutirwa]] (Une urgence ordinaire)'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Ikinamico |- | ''Laaziza'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Ikinamico |- | 2017 | ''Ikibabaje kurushaho, Turashyingirwa'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Mohammed'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2011 | ''Miscreants (Les mécréants)'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, Producer Executif | Ikinamico |- | 2010 | ''Opération Casablanca'' | Umwanditsi | Igikorwa, Urwenya, Icyaha |- | 1995 | ''Mariya w'i Nazareti (Marie de Nazareti)'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Jacques'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 1993 | ''Aburahamu'' | ''2 Umumarayika'' (ibice 2) | Urukurikirane rwa TV Mini, Adventure, biografiya, Ikinamico |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2019 | AMAA | ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' - ''[[Urgent (film)|byihutirwa]]'' | We ubwe |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] mt1mwmtxvdjcdhtmlj35hwow4ighwpq 0 9731 81244 80866 2021-12-16T14:31:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiécoura Traoré''' numukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Mali]]. == Umwuga == Mu 2006, yagaragaye nka "Chaka" muri filime yikinamico ya Abderrahmane Sissako '', Bamako'' . Abandi bakinnyi barimo: Aïssa Maïga na Hélène Diarra . <ref name="BamDb">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0814666/?ref_=m_nm_knf_t1</ref> <ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/64149</ref> <ref>http://www.frenchfilmfestival-archives.us/wp-content/archives_festivals/2007/bamako.html</ref> Muri filime ngufi ya Daouda Coulibaly ya 2010, ''Tinye So'', yagaragaye nka "Man with traditional clothes". <ref name="SoDb">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1748263/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3</ref> <ref>https://www.telerama.fr/cinema/films/tinye-so,476095.php</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yagaragaye muri filime ya Dominique Phillipe, ''Tourbillion à Bamako'', anagaragaramo Fatoumata Coulibaly, Chek Oumar Sidibé, Mama Koné, Babou Thembely. <ref name="Tou">http://www.africine.org/film/tourbillon-a-bamako-15831608157516051607-16011610-157615751605157516031608/15432</ref> <ref name="Af">http://africultures.com/films/?no=15432</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2012 | ''Tourbillion à Bamako'' | Umukinnyi | Urwenya |- | 2010 | ''Tinye'' | Umukinnyi | Filime ngufi, Amayobera |- | 2006 | ''Bamako'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Chaka'' ) | Ikinamico |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] a6pgd36l4kuccys5j9d5vplxlh9dce8 0 9732 81246 80867 2021-12-16T14:35:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bokang Phelane''' ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Lesotho no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], <ref>https://consumercouncil.africa/insights/meet-the-artist-bokang-phelane/</ref> akaba producer n'umwanditsi wa filimi . <ref>https://tshimologong.joburg/events/broke-ass-web-series-masterclass/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Phelane yavukiye i [[Maseru]], muri [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] . Yize amashuri yisumbuye mu mujyi yavukiyemo, nyuma akomereza muri kaminuza ya Monash muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts muri Psychology . <ref>https://taggedonline.co.za/lifestyle-entertainment-content/exclusive-blood-psalms-elevating-african-stories-to-epic-proportions/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2016, Phelane rwaravuzwe muri series comedy televiziyo,''Single Guys,'' gukina uruhare, "Fezeka". <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8718886/</ref> Yagaragaye kandi mu biganiro bya televiziyo, ''Shuga'', byasohotse mu 2018, aho yakinnye nk'umugore wa Andile "Fezeka". <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2577388/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_ttfc_3</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2017, yakinnye nka ''Pula'' muri Season 1 ya telenovela yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]],''Keeping Scores'', yerekanwe kuri SABC2. <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=3454&season=1</ref> Yakinnye nka "Lily" mu rurimi rw'Abazulu Sci-Fi TV-seriyeri, ''Emoyeni (Netflix)'', yasohotse ku ya 22 Nyakanga 2018. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8686452/</ref> Yagaragaye mu mvugo y’ururimi rwa Sotho, ''Isipho Sothando'', yerekanwe muri Werurwe 2020 <ref name="Is">https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on/news/articles/12-shows-that-shine-a-light-on-mzansi-s-brilliant-storytelling/</ref> ndetse no muri ''Ho Kena Ho Eona,'' yerekanwe muri Mata 2020 <ref>https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on/news/articles/what-to-watch-on-mzansi-magic-in-march/</ref> haba kuri DSTV. Niwe uyoboye urukurikirane rw'ibiganiro bya televiziyo nyafurika, ''Blood Psalms'', azasohoka hamwe na ba producer Showmax na Canal + International mu 2021, akina nka "Zazi", umwamikazi w'ingimbi ukabije. <ref>https://stories.showmax.com/originals/blood-psalms/</ref> <ref>https://www.multichoice.com/media/news/multichoice-joins-forces-with-canalplus-to-co-produce-african-mythology-epic-blood-psalms/</ref> <ref>https://www.techafricanews.com/2020/09/02/showmax-announces-two-coproductions-megan-fox-action-movie-and-canal-epic-in-ancient-africa/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2021 |''Blood Psalms'' | Zazi | Ntabwo arekuwe |- | 2021 |Courting Anathi | Anathi | Ntabwo arekuwe |- | 2020 |''Ho Kena Ho Eona'' | Dineo | Filime ya TV |- | 2020 |''Isipho Sothando'' | Thando | Filime ya TV |- | 2018 |''Shuga'' | Fezeka | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''Emoyeni'' | Lily | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''Angry Amber'' | Amber | Urubuga |- | 2017 |''Keeping Scores'' | Pula | Telenovela |- | 2016 |''Single Guys'' | Fezeka | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |Hard Copy | Khethiwe | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] j80nn125tw9kq24d9sidmwpr3xk8g8r 0 9733 81247 80868 2021-12-16T14:36:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maïmouna Hélène Diarra''', na '''Helena Diarra''' <ref name="Fin">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0121287/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i10</ref> (yavutse 1955 - yapfuye ku ya 10 Kamena 2021) yari umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Mali]] <ref>http://bamada.net/maison-des-cineastes-du-mali-cima-le-groupe-jamakan-remporte-le-concours-de-videos</ref> uzwiho gukina inshingano z’abagore bakuze kuva akiri muto. Ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iterambere ry'izabukuru (FIDRA). <ref>https://news.abidjan.net/h/662842.html</ref> <ref>https://www.fratmat.info/article/204547/%C3%89conomie/lutte-contre-le-covid-19-le-fidra-remet-plus-de-40-millions-fcfa-de-kits-sanitaires-aux-associations-de-retraites</ref> <ref>https://news.abidjan.net/h/623155.html</ref> <ref>https://www.linfodrome.com/societe-culture/51439-6eme-edition-de-la-retraite-active-une-fondation-pour-bien-vieillir-en-afrique-voit-le-jour</ref> <ref>https://www.fratmat.info/article/200786/Politique/Hamed%20Bakayoko/reconversion-des-militaires--les-partenaires-et-le-ministere-de-la-defense-finalisent-le-projet</ref> Ni Visi Perezida w'ishyirahamwe ry'umwuga rya gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi bwa Côte d'Ivoire (Apsfd-CI). <ref>https://www.financialafrik.com/2020/03/07/en-cote-divoire-la-microfinance-a-accorde-300-milliards-de-fcfa-de-prets/</ref> <ref>https://news.abidjan.net/h/678469.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Diarra yavutse mu 1955 i Segou, muri [[Mali]] ariko aba impfubyi akiri muto kandi arerwa na nyirarume na nyirakuru. Mu 1975, yinjiye mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe uburezi cya Diplome y’ubushakashatsi bwibanze (DEF) mu mwuga wo kwigisha. Nyuma yo guhindura siporo, hagati ya 1975 na 1977 yakiniye ikipe ya basketball ya Bamako Reds. Mu 1981, yabonye impamyabumenyi mu buhanzi bw'ikinamico mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuhanzi (INA). <ref>https://maliactu.net/mali-que-sont-ils-devenus-maimouna-helene-diarra-sous-les-vivats-de-la-rue-publique/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2000, yagaragaye nka "Aminate" muri firime yikinamico ya Michael Haneke, ''Code Unknown'' . Abandi bakinnyi barimo: Aïssa Maïga, Juliette Binoche, Thierry Neuvic, Josef Bierbichler n'abandi. <ref name="CUDb">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0216625/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> Mu 2004, yagaragaye muri filime y'ururimi rwa Bambara ya Ousmane Sembène , Moolaadé, akina nka "Hadjatou". <ref>https://www.planocritico.com/critica-moolaade/</ref> <ref>https://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/archives/cfseries/cfs28.html</ref> Abandi bakinnyi barimo: Fatoumata Coulibaly na Salimata Traoré. Filime yerekanwe muri Ebertfest 2007. <ref>https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/roger-eberts-great-movies/</ref> Yatorewe igihembo cya "Filime Nziza" mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes . <ref>https://m.filmaffinity.com/us/awards-history.php?award_id=cannes&cat_id=un_certain_regard_best_film</ref> Mu 2006, yakinnye muri filime y’ikinamico ya Abderrahmane Sissako, Bamako (film), aho yakinnye nka "Saramba". <ref name="Bam">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0814666/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i3</ref> <ref>https://m.chicagoreader.com/chicago/bamako/Film?oid=5779914</ref> Abandi bakinnyi bagaragaye barimo: Aïssa Maïga na Tiécoura Traoré . <ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/64149</ref> <ref>https://geekvibesnation.com/art-house-cinema-streaming-platform-ovid-tv-announces-november-release-slate/</ref> <ref>http://www.frenchfilmfestival-archives.us/wp-content/archives_festivals/2007/bamako.html</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2011 |''Toiles d'araignées'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Nah'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2007 | ''Faro: Ikimanakazi Cyamazi'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Kouta'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2006 | ''Bamako'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Saramba'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2004 | ''Moolaadé'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Hadjatou'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2000 | ''Kode Ntamenyekana'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Aminate'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 1999 | ''Itangiriro ("La Genèse")'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Lea'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 1997 | ''Imbaraga'' Zijipo ("Taafé Fanga") | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Timbé'' ) | Urwenya, Ikinamico |- | 1996 | ''Macadam tribu'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''muka Macho'' ) | Urwenya, Ikinamico |- | 1995 | ''Guimba Umunyagitugu'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Meya'' ) | Urwenya, Ikinamico, Ibitekerezo |- | 1989 | ''Finzan'' | Umukinnyi (nka Helena Diarra) | Ikinamico |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] p6gw3v6a1jxhtunpldlra5geyxot0gz 0 9734 80869 2021-11-28T07:06:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1055927697|Catherine Kamau]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Kamau Karanja''' (yavutse Gashyantare 3, 1987) <ref name="DOB">https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/celina-child-tender-age</ref> ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]] , uzwi nka ''"Celina"'' <ref name="Ce">https://naibuzz.com/catherine-kamau-celina-hubby-share-photos-honeymoon/</ref> (cyangwa ''"Selina"'' <ref name="Se">https://www.tuko.co.ke/amp/370537-mother-law-full-cast-real-names-photos.html</ref> ) na ''"Kate Actress".'' <ref name="Kate">https://kenyan-post.com/2020/07/award-winning-actress-catherine-kamau-advises-single-mothers-to-accept-and-move-on-using-her-own-experience/</ref> <ref name="KP">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001343111/photos-catherine-kamau-hubby-philip-karanja-expecting-first-child-together</ref> <ref>https://kenyandigest.com/catherine-kamau-kate-actress-teaches-how-to-balance-work-and-family/</ref> Yaje kumenyekana kubera uruhare rwe muri TV ya Citizen TV,''Mother In-Law'' aho yakinaga nka Celina. Yagaragaye no mu zindi filime nka ''Sue na Jonie'' (2017-2019), ''plan B'', na ''Disconnect'' . Catherine yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Chogoria aho yinjiye mu ikinamico maze amenyekana cyane kubera impano ye, mbere yo kwimukira i Loreto Convent Msongari aho yatsindiye igihembo cya 'Miss Loreto'. Afite Impamyabumenyi mu Itumanaho, yiga ibijyanye n'imibanire rusange na [[Kenya]] College of Communication and Technology yazamuwe muri kaminuza ya MultiMedia yo muri Kenya . Kamau ni ambasaderi wikirango <ref>https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/12-kenyan-celebrities-with-ambassadorial-jobs/xsfq6yp</ref> muri Harpic [[Kenya]] na Nice na peteroli nziza ya Jelly. == Umwuga == Kamau yakinnye nka Selina (cyangwa Celina) muka Charlie ( Patrick Oketch ) kuri serivise yikinamico ya ''Mother In-Law'' <ref>http://www.ghafla.com/ke/he-has-never-been-a-drunk-celina-heaps-praise-on-her-television-sweetheart-as-he-turns-a-year-older/</ref> yatangiye mu 2006. Yahise ava mu gitaramo yerekeza kuri televiziyo yo mu [[Igiswahili|rurimi rw'igiswahiri]] ''Sue Na Jonnie'', aho yakinnye nka Sue. <ref>http://www.ghafla.com/ke/celina-reveals-left-tv-show-mother-law/</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7640582/fullcredits</ref> Yatsindiye Umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi mu cyiciro cya TV Drama Series mu bihe bya Kalasha Awards 2017 yongera guhabwa nomination muri 2018, kubera uruhare rwe muri " ''Sue Na Jonnie'' ". <ref>https://businesstoday.co.ke/kalasha-awards-2018-kenyan-film-submitted-oscars-bags-12-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://stories.showmax.com/selina-plan-b-and-more-kalasha-awards-2019-winners-to-stream-on-showmax/</ref> Yatowe mu bakinnyi bitwaye neza mu cyiciro cya Filime cya komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime ya [[Kenya]] Kalasha Awards 2018 kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ''Disconnect.'' Yakinnye nka Joyce muri filime yo gusetsa y’urukundo ya 2019, " ''Plan B'' ", yakozwe na Sarah Hassan kandi iyobowe n’umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Nijeriya]], Dolapo Adeleke (Lowladee) . <ref>https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/</ref> <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html</ref> Kubera uruhare rwe nka Joyce, yongeye gutorwa nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi mu cyiciro cya Filime ku nshuro ya 9 ya Kenya Film Commission ya Kalasha Awards 2019. <ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kalasha-awards-deal-with-star-times-irks-actress-catherine-kamau</ref> Catherine Kamau aherutse no kwerekana muri firime ebyiri The Grand Little Lie (GLL) mu rwego rwo gukina. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2021 . Iyi firime yakozwe na Phil it Production isosiyete ifitwe numugabo we Philip Karanja. Indi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ni Nafsi, iyi ikaba ari filime ya Multan Production Limited iyobowe na Reuben Odanga. Niwe kandi ukora ibintu hamwe na YouTuber. Ku rubuga rwe rwa YouTube, avuga ku myambarire, imiterere, gukina, imibereho ndetse na nyina. Afite ishyaka ku kibazo cyo gutwita kwingimbi. Kuba yarabaye umubyeyi w'umwangavu, kandi afite interuro yiswe 'Abagabekazi bagomba gutegereza', aho ashishikariza abakobwa bato gutegereza mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kuba ababyeyi. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4p17wJrblGzL-nC6XLwrVg</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Kamau yashakanye na Phillip Karanja ( ''uzwi ku'' izina rya Phil cyangwa Melvin), umuyobozi wa firime ndetse n'uwahoze ari ''umukinnyi wa filimi ya Tahidi High'' kuva ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2017. Ukwezi kwa buki kwizihirijwe muri [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] . Mu mibanire yabanje igihe yari muri kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Kampala muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], afite imyaka 19, yibarutse umuhungu we wa mbere, Leon Karanja, mu 2006 Phillip yareze. <ref>http://motherhoodinstyle.net/2019/05/27/actress-catherine-kamau-offers-solid-advice-single-moms-finding-love/</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byatangaje ko we n'umugabo we bategereje umwana wabo wa mbere. <ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/catherine-kamau-reveals-pregnancy-with-hubby-philip-karanja</ref> <ref>http://www.ghafla.com/ke/baby-onboard-former-mother-in-law-actress-catherine-kamau-and-husband-expecting-their-first-child-together/</ref> Uyu mukinnyi w'amafilime kandi ngo yakiriye umwana mu Kuboza uwo mwaka kugirango yishimire inda yari yarahanuwe ko ari umwana wumukobwa. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201912040137.html</ref> Bagiye muri babymoon muri [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] . Yababwiye uburyo yari hafi kureka gusama. <ref>https://www.switchtv.ke/mobile/read-article/210-Actress-Catherine-Kamau-reveals-she-almost-gave-up-getting-pregnant</ref> Nyuma yaje gutangaza ku ya 15 Ukuboza 2019, ko umwana wa mbere w’umugabo we ari umwana w’umukobwa Njeri ("Baby K"). <ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/editors-picks/kate-actress-reveals-babys-birth-date</ref> <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001356351/catherine-kamau-shares-first-glimpse-of-her-newborn-baby-girl?amp</ref> <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/local-news/2001361910/kate-the-actress-shows-off-daughter-baby-k-for-first-time</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2017 - 2019 |''Sue Na Jonnie'' | Kurega | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2006 - itariki |''Mother-in-Law'' | Selina (Celina) | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == Ibihembo & Kandidatire == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Igihembo !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2019 | Ibihembo bya Kalasha |Sue Na Jonnie | Kurega | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira umukinnyi |- | 2017 | Ibihembo bya Kalasha |Sue Na Jonnie | Kurega | Ikinamico ya TV nziza cyane |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] acf4h04xiwnfdk36cm2erjr0vea6y8q 0 9735 81242 80870 2021-12-16T14:27:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jasmine Jamila Baroudi''' <ref name="Mu">https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2019/02/01/adina-stars-in-latest-movie-a-new-flame/</ref> (yavutse ku ya 16 Nzeri <ref>https://yen.com.gh/170509-actress-jasmine-celebrates-birthday-stunning-photos-celebs-fans-shout.html</ref> ) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Gana]]. <ref>https://www.glitzafrica.com/getting-the-body-you-want-with-actress-jasmine-baroudi/</ref> <ref>https://ghanavibes.com/no-movie-producer-owe-me-now-after-barking-on-them-jasmine-baroudi/</ref> Yize Psychology muri kaminuza ya Gana . <ref>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Movie-makers-attitude-towards-work-is-appalling-Jasmine-Baroudi-699848</ref> == Umwuga == Yaravuzwe muri [[Ghana]] kuri TV Series, ''pome Adamu'' (2011 - 2012) yakoranye nabakinnyi ba Ghallywood nka Majid Michel . <ref>http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/02/20/joselyn-dumas-majid-michel-shirley-frimpong-manso-john-dumelo-deborah-vanessa-at-the-adams-apple-season-2-premiere-in-ghana-photos/</ref> Nyuma yaje gutorwa mu cyiciro ''cyiza cya Discovery'' muri Gana Movie Awards 2011 muri uru rukurikirane rwa TV. <ref>http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2011/12/26/2011-ghana-movie-awards-winners-list-kimberly-elsie-wins-best-actress/</ref> Muri 2014, yakinnye muri filime iyobowe na Mikki Osei-Berko yise, ''[[Broken Mirror (film)|Broken Mirror]]'', inagaragaramo Jackie Appiah, James Gardiner, Fred Amugi na Roselyn Ngissah, kandi yakozwe na David Owusu . <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/10/broken-mirror.html</ref> Hagati ya 2014 na 2015, yagaragaye nka ''Tilly Walsh'' muri Shirley Frimpong-Manso -yerekanwe kuri Televiziyo, ''V-Repubulika'' . Izindi nyenyeri zirimo: Nikki Samonas, Joselyn Dumas na Christabel Ekeh . <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sparrow-Production-s-V-Republic-to-premiere-on-Oct-31-331185</ref> Yatowe mu bihembo bya Filime bya Gana 2014 mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’abakinnyi ba ''serivise nziza'' '', kuri TV, Heart Break Hotel'' kuri TV3 Gana . <ref name=":0">http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/12/31/full-list-2014-ghana-movie-awards-winners-joselyn-dumas-adjetey-anang-lil-win/</ref>Niwe wegukanye igihembo ''cyumukinnyi witwaye neza -'' Icyiciro cya Drama cya Golden Movie Awards 2019 (GMA). Yakinnye muri filime, the Cell muri uwo mwaka. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201910140156.html/</ref>Yakinnye muri film ya 2019, ''A New Flame'' . Abandi ba star bo muri Gana bagaragaye barimo: Richard Asante (Kalyboss) na Edinam Atatsi. {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''Akagari'' | Umukinnyi | |- | ''Ikirimi gishya'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Naa Kai'' ) | Urwenya, Ikinamico |- | 2014 - 2015 | ''V-Repubulika'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Tilly Walsh'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''Kabiri-Umusaraba'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Vickie Mensah'' ) | Thriller |- | ''[[Broken Mirror (film)|Indorerwamo yamenetse]]'' | Umukinnyi | |- | 2012 - | ''Pome ya Adamu'' | Umukinnyi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2019 | GMA | Umukinnyi Ushyigikira Zahabu - Ikinamico | rowspan="3" | Wenyine |- | 2014 | GMA | Urukurikirane rwa TV rwa Zahabu - Ikinamico |- | 2011 | GMA | Ubuvumbuzi bwa Zahabu |} == Impaka == Baroudi yatanze umuburo ukaze ku bagabo atera ubwoba "izina n'ikimwaro" bamwoherereje amashusho y'ubugabo bwabo kuri interineti, babona ko ari igikorwa cyo gutoteza kuri interineti. ''Graphic Showbizz'' yatangaje ko yavuze ko gukoresha abakinnyi badafite umwuga ari benshi bituma inganda za firime zidatera imbere, asaba ko abaproducer bashyira abujuje ibyangombwa kuri ecran gusa.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Afite umwana wumukobwa hamwe na Williams Ofori Atta, umukunzi we akaba nri nawe umutoza fitness ubu . == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] fcrcj1oizkrc1rz2al5nfpoiqcg887g 0 9736 81248 80871 2021-12-16T14:40:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mehret Mandefro''' (wavutse 1977) ni Umunyetiyopiya-Umunyamerika utunganya firime / seri za televiziyo, umwanditsi, umuganga na antropropologue . <ref>https://www.carnegie.org/awards/honoree/mehret-mandefro/</ref> <ref>https://lailasnews.com/pavillon-afriques-joke-silva-kunle-afolayan-rita-dominic-cannes-film-festival/</ref> Ni umuyobozi w'itsinda rya Indaba Africa, akaba yarashinze ikigo cya Realness Institute <ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sundance-rotterdam-realness-institute-african-producers-1234710821/</ref> akaba ari nawe washinze Truth Aid Media <ref>http://www.tadias.com/06/26/2020/ethiopian-filmmakers-abraham-gezahagne-and-yared-zeleke-selected-for-2020-realness-screenwriters-residency/</ref> akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y'abajyanama mu Harvest Fund. <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2018/04/11/these-three-mds-have-a-prescription-for-curing-student-debt/?sh=1dc0bb8c428d</ref> Yahawe kandi igihembo cya Paul &amp;amp; Daisy Soros Fellowship kubanyamerika bashya (2001) maze muri 2007 yicara nkumwe mubantu 41 bazwi cyane muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://www.pdsoros.org/meet-the-fellows/mehret-mandefro</ref> <ref>http://www.payvand.com/news/07/feb/1298.html</ref> Muri 2016, yahawe icyubahiro na Carnegie Corporation ya New York nk'umwe mu Bimukira bakomeye bo muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://armenianweekly.com/2016/06/30/afeyan-carnegie/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Mandefro yavukiye i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], [[Etiyopiya|muri Etiyopiya]] mu 1977, akurira muri Alegizandiriya, muri Virijiniya, muri [[Amerika]]. Se, Ayalew Mandefro, yari Minisitiri w’ingabo muri Etiyopiya na nyina Tsedale K. Mandefro. Umuryango we wahungiye muri Amerika nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti bwa Etiyopiya bwagerageje kwica se. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Thomas Jefferson arangiza icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n’ubuvuzi muri kaminuza ya Harvard . Yakomeje impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buzima rusange bw’abaturage ku ishuri ry’i Londere ry’isuku n’ubuvuzi bwa Tropical nka Scholar ya Fulbright . Yasoje gahunda ya Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program muri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania yibanda ku mibereho y’ubuzima akomeza gukurikirana impamyabumenyi ya PhD muri Anthropologie y’umuco muri kaminuza ya Temple aho yarangirije igitabo cyerekeye ishingwa ry’ubuzima bw’Abanyamerika. politiki muri guverinoma ihuriweho na leta. <ref>http://www.healthandsocietyscholars.org/the-scholars/416641/1985</ref> Aragenda ku kumenyereza muri internal medicine muri Montefiore Medical Center na Albert Einstein College of Medicine aho bakurikirana ubushakashatsi ku ubusumbane SIDA mu bagore <ref>http://www.tadias.com/03/08/2012/celebrating-international-womens-history-month-qa-with-dr-mehret-mandefro/</ref> <ref>https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/change-power-dynamics-relationships-article-1.264328</ref> Mandefro kandi yari Umukozi wa White House mu butegetsi bwa Obama . <ref>http://www.tadias.com/06/14/2010/nbc%E2%80%99s-tom-brokaw-highlights-white-house-fellow-mehret-mandefro/</ref> == Umwuga == Mandefro numwe mubahawe icyubahiro muri 2009 muri Black Girls Rock Awards, ahabwa igihembo cyumuganda. Muri Werurwe 2014, yari umwe mu bagore bubashywe mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga w’abagore mu mujyi wa New York, na WomenWerk. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/03/its-the-century-of-the-african-woman-womenwerk-celebrates-interational-womens-day-in-new-york/</ref> Muri 2014 kandi, yakoranye na firime ''Difret'', iyobowe na [[Zeresenay Berhane Mehari]] . <ref>{{Template:Cite web}}https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/difret-sundance-review-674060</ref> <ref>http://www.tadias.com/02/11/2014/tadias-interview-with-difret-director-and-producer/</ref> <ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-sundance-difret-20140122-story.html</ref> <ref>https://www.jacksonville.com/article/20160311/NEWS/801244782</ref> Yakoranye firime na Zeresenay Berhane ya 2019 yitwa,''Sweetness in the Belly'', hamwe na Adrian Sturges, Laura Bickford na Fiona Druckenmiller. <ref>http://www.tadias.com/04/11/2019/spotlight-mehret-mandefros-the-loving-generation-up-for-webby-award/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, documentaire yayoboye yise " ''The Loving Generation'' ", yatorewe igihembo cya Webby People Voice Award. <ref>https://scannain.com/featured/feature-irish-films-to-watch-out-for-in-2019/</ref> Iyi filime yemejwe ku mugaragaro ko izerekanwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Toronto (TIFF). <ref>https://scannain.com/irish/abroad/tiff-19-irish-2/</ref> Mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019 ryabereye muri Palais Des Festivals, i Cannes, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], yagiriye inama abakora amafilime yo muri Afurika kubaka ubufatanye bufatika bakorana, agaragaza ko ibindi bihugu bya Afurika bishobora kwigira kuri Nollywood kugira ngo biteze imbere mu nganda zabo. <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/05/21/movie-director-afolayan-decries-segregation-in-filmmaking-in-africa/</ref> <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/10-nollywood-stars-to-attend-the-cannes-film-festival-2019/8gxgksc</ref> We, hamwe n’umuyobozi wa firime, Abraham Gezahagne, muri Gashyantare 2020 yari ahagarariye [[Etiyopiya]] muri Berlinale Africa Hub, aho yerekanaga amahirwe aboneka hamwe n’ibibazo byugarije inganda za firime na televiziyo mu gihugu. <ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/entertainment-industry/berlinale-2020-ethiopia-africa-hub-1203512155/</ref> We, afatanije na Alicia Keys, Lacey Schwartz Delgado, Elliott Halpern na Elizabeth Trojian, umuyobozi mukuru bakoze documentaire,''How It Feels To Be Free'', ishingiye ku gitabo cya Ruth Feldstein,''How It Feels To Be Free: Black Women Entertainers and the Civil Rights Movement,'' ziyobowe na Yoruba Richen kandi zigomba kwerekanwa bwa mbere mu itumba 2021 na PBS na WNET . <ref>https://realscreen.com/2020/07/28/pbs-thirteen-prep-how-it-feels-to-be-free-doc-with-alicia-keys-yap-films/</ref> <ref>https://verysmartbrothas.theroot.com/10-thoughts-after-watching-the-loving-generation-docume-1823357499</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ubwoko |- | 2021 |''How It Feels To Be Free'' | Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 |''The Loving Generation'' | Umuyobozi-hamwe, hamwe-hamwe | Inyandiko |- |''Sweetness in the Belly'' | Umufatanyabikorwa mukuru | Ikinamico |- | 2017 |''Little White Lie'' | Producer / umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2014 |''Difret'' | Producer | Ikinamico |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] r7s8xjo7tgqf0hjj3zcesbbzypw9kmd 0 9737 81249 80872 2021-12-16T14:42:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 correction wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dina Emam''' ni Umunyamisiri-American film producer . Yahawe igihembo cya 10 Variety Producers ''yo muri 2018'' . <ref>https://variety.com/2018/film/news/variety-names-10-producers-to-watch-2018-1202785770/</ref> Aba i Cairo mu misiri no mu mujyi wa New York . <ref name="Arts">https://arts.columbia.edu/news/yomeddine-produced-alumna-dina-emam-16-egypts-official-selection-2019-academy-award</ref> == Uburezi == Yarangije muri Kaminuza ya Columbiya na MFA mu guhanga udushya. <ref name="Fr">https://filmmakermagazine.com/105330-the-long-road-from-nyu-to-cannes-egyptian-filmmakers-a-b-shawky-and-dina-emam-on-their-debut-feature-the-cannes-competition-title-yomeddin/#.X6MmeBgo8ew</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Emam yavukiye muri Alegizandiriya, mu Misiri akurira i Brooklyn, New York. == Umwuga == Emam yabanje gukora kuri MTV Networks, Umujyi wa New York, mu Isoko rya Televiziyo Ubushakashatsi no gucunga umusaruro. Muri 2018, filime yakoze yise ''Yomeddine'', <ref>https://www.screendaily.com/features/the-centrepiece-interview-cairo-chief-mohamed-hefzy-talks-indie-cinema-upcoming-projects/5144584.article</ref> yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/video/354332/</ref> aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Francois Chalais. <ref name="Cai">https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/92051/Ambassadors-of-Canada-and-Sweden-to-Egypt-honors-Egyptian-Women</ref> Yaba we na mugenzi we icyo gihe, umuyobozi / umwanditsi wa film, Abu Bakr (AB) Shawky bari bahari mbere yo kurisha ibirori. <ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/feel-good-egyptian-leper-film-charms-cannes/</ref> Nyuma iyi filime yaje gutoranywa kumugaragaro muri Egiputa mu cyiciro ''cyiza cya Filimi Cyiza Cy’ururimi rw’amahanga'' mu gihembo cya Academy ya 2019. <ref>https://cairoscene.com/In-Depth/18-of-2018-the-Egyptians-who-made-waves-this-year</ref> Yitabiriye kandi iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya El-Gouna (GIFF) 2018. <ref>https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/56813/All-you-need-to-know-about-the-2nd-edition-of</ref> fiYakoze mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 36 rya Cairo nk'umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe ubuhanzi ndetse anayobora mu minsi mikuru y’inganda za firime za Cairo 2019 ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: "Hariho Ubuzima Nyuma yo Gukorana?" . <ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/news/cairo-film-festival-industry-days-coproduction-platform-1203416801/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2018 |''Yomeddine'' | Producer | |- | 2015 |''I Say Dust'' | Producer | Filime ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 298t4zvukk9wl6o6pbhir2ob6x2mwtk 0 9738 81250 80873 2021-12-16T14:49:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Yijika''' ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Kameruni|cameroon]] ukomeye cyane <ref>https://mobile.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/entertainment/Top-Cameroonian-actress-Solange-Yijika-is-back-Photos-354613</ref> <ref>http://www.tiptopstars.com/mtdv/component/content/article/191-solange-yijika-a-step-forward.html</ref> <ref>https://mobile.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/entertainment/Meet-5-most-talented-young-Cameroonian-actresses-344962</ref> <ref>https://www.tvovermind.com/casting-behold-dreamers-movie/</ref> <ref>http://www.dc-comm.com/cameroonian-movie-industry-brenda-shey-the-mother-hen/</ref> kandi agaragara cyane mu makinamico ya Nigeria <ref name="So">https://lefilmcamerounais.com/2016/03/22/people-solange-yijika-lactrice-camerounaise-qui-sexporte/</ref> ni producer wa film, <ref>https://10times.com/atlanta-film-festival/visitors</ref> ndetse aharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore n'umwana. <ref name="Fr">https://lefilmcamerounais.com/2016/04/26/5actwn-solange-yijika-actrice/</ref> Niwe mukinnyi w'amafirime uzwi cyane mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati akaba n'umuntu ukomeye mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya [[Kameruni]] (CAMIFF). <ref name="Ach">https://lefilmcamerounais.com/2016/04/26/5actwn-solange-yijika-actrice/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Yijika akomoka mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Kameruni. <ref>https://ocamer.org/north-west-elite-call-for-resumption-of-schools/</ref> Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Yaoundé II, Soa, Kameruni. == Umwuga == Yijika yari isura ikomeye mubikorwa bya firime ya [[Kameruni]] kuva yagaragara bwa mbere nko mumwaka wa 2005. Mu byapa bibiri byo kurwanya malariya muri [[Kameruni]] byatewe inkunga na ''Global Fund yo kurwanya Malariya, Igituntu na SIDA'', yakoreshejwe nk'icyitegererezo muri ibyo byapa. Ni n'umurwanashyaka uharanira ubutabera ku isi ku bagore n'abana. Yabaye ambasaderi ku nshuro ya 1 iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya [[Kameruni]] (CAMIFF) mu 2016. Yijika yari yagaragaye mu nganda za sinema zo muri [[Kameruni]] mu bicuruzwa byinshi bigera kuri 20 kandi ni we uhabwa ibihembo byinshi birimo ibihembo bya AMAA na NAFCA. <ref>https://cameroonpostline.com/anglophonecelebsshineat/</ref> Yakinnye muri " ''Ibigeragezo Byifuzo'' " 2006 bya TV byerekanwe kuri CRTV, aho yakinnye nka "Diana". Nyuma yaje muri 2008 yagaragaye muri " ''Mark of the Absolute'' ", filime Asaba Ferdinand yayoboye akanayikora. Hakurikiraho " ''Igihugu'' Cy'igicucu" 2009, filime yakozwe na Agbor Gilbert Ebot ikayoborwa na Zack Orji na Neba Lawrence. Muri filime kandi hagaragayemo Jim Iyke . Muri uwo mwaka, yongeye kandi kugaragara muri filime " Excess pain " iyobowe na Neba Lawrence, hanyuma, muri uwo mwaka agaragara muri " ''Royal Destiny'' ", filime yo muri Kameruni yanagaragayemo Emeka Ike na Tonto Dikeh, abakinnyi babiri ba Nollywood . Mu mwaka wa 2012, yagaragaye muri " ''Troubled Kingdom'' ", filime iyobowe na Neba Lawrence, ifatanije na producer wa firime ukomoka muri Amerika Mairo Sanda hamwe na Fred Keyanti ukomoka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] - bashimye ubuhanga bw'uyu mukinnyi. Mu mwaka wa 2012, yakinnye muri filime ya Nollywood '', "Blood or wine'' ", yakozwe na Henry Neba Awantoh na Jim Iyke kandi iyobowe na Neba Lawrence, yanditswe na Ruth Kadiri . <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/05/blood-or-wine.html</ref> Muri 2013, yatorewe ibihembo bya SONNAH. Yagaragaye muri filime, " ''Decoded'' ", yakozwe na Brenda Elung - nawe umukinnyi wa filime kandi iyobowe na Akim Macaulay na Enah Johnscott mu 2013, aho yakinnye hamwe [[Gana|nabakinnyi ba Gana]] na [[Kameruni]] nka Van Vicker, Jeffery Epule na Desmond Wyte. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/gist/cameroon-movie-industry-critically-awaits-decoded-movie/bgn5r6g</ref> Yabaye umwe mu bayobozi babiri baganiriye ku nama nyunguranabitekerezo mu mwaka wa 2016 mu birori byo gutanga ibihembo bya African Achievers Awards, byabereye ku ya 8 Nyakanga mu kigo mpuzamahanga cy’inama, [[Abuja]], muri [[Nijeriya]] hamwe na Richard Mofe Damijo, umukinnyi wa politiki akaba n'umunyapolitiki. <ref>https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Lordina-Mahama-Agyepong-Sinach-Set-to-Receive-2016-African-Achievers-Awards-453641</ref> Muri filime yo muri 2017, " ''show ability to save'' ", iyobowe na Musing Derick Tening kandi yakozwe na Tessy Eseme, yakinnye nka " ''Jazmine Juma'' ". <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt6994278/fullcredits?ref_=m_ttfcd_tt</ref> Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere i Londres. <ref>https://www.designmynight.com/london/whats-on/film-screenings/expression-london-movie-premiere</ref> <ref>https://www.glamafrica.com/expression-movie-premieres-in-london-on-october-13-2017-get-more-details-here</ref> Yatorewe igihembo mu nshuro ya 2 ya CAMIFF Awards, <ref>https://critiqsite.com/2017/02/04/vote-between-these-top-cameroonian-anglophone-actresses-who-will-steal-the-show-at-the-upcoming-camiff/</ref> yabaye hagati ya 24-29 Mata 2017 i Buea, muri [[Kameruni]] hamwe nabandi bakinnyi ba Camerwood na Nollywood nabo batowe. <ref>https://www.fabafriq.com/articles/on-the-highway-to-camiff-2017</ref> Yari umwe mu baterankunga ba CAMIFF 2018 hamwe na Ramsey Nouah wa Nollywood . <ref>https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/18091/fr.html/cinema-cap-sur-le-camiff-2018</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2017 |''Expression the Courage to Heal'' | | |- | 2017 - |''Samba'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Decoded'' | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2012 |''Blood or Wine'' | | |- |''Troubled Kingdom'' | | |- | rowspan="3" | 2009 |''Royal Destiny'' | | |- |''Great Pain'' | | |- |''Land of Shadows'' | | |- | 2008 |''Mark of the Absolute'' | | |- | 2006 - |''Trials of Passion'' | Diana | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |} {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2017 | CAMIFF | | |- | 2013 | Ibihembo bya SONNAH | | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] te6o2fuynulea3y13a451ku8byq1cox 0 9739 81251 80874 2021-12-16T14:53:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Pikwa Boma''' (yavutse ku ya 3 Mutarama) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Kameruni]], utuye i Houston, muri Texas muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] . <ref>https://trendyafrica.com/top-dallas-promoter-ikay-afrique-birthday-bash/</ref> <ref name="Web">https://mobile.camerounweb.com/CameroonHomePage/entertainment/Top-moments-from-Edith-Pikwa-s-Kiss-Of-Death-Movie-Premiere-390093</ref> == Umwuga == Yatowe muri ''Best Actress /Most Promising Actres'' - Diaspora igihembo cya filime, message to ''Brian'', aho yagaragaye mu bihembo bya Golden Icons Academy Movie Awards 2014 (GIAMA). <ref>http://nollysilverscreen.com/2014/08/12/the-giama-2014-nominees-are-here/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere i Houston, muri Texas . <ref>http://goldenicons.com/a-message-to-brian-will-premiere-this-saturday-march-14th-2015-in-houston-texas-at-the-amc-theater/</ref> Yakinnye muri filime, ''Ndolor na Senateri'', yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 31 Mutarama 2016 i Houston, muri Texas. Filime yakozwe na Mbango Adambi ikayoborwa na Gordon Che yagaragayemo muri Nollywood ndetse nabakinnyi nka Mbango Adambi, Kelechi Eke, Frank Artus, Sunnyfield Okezie, Jasmine Roland, Eko Leonel, Ruth Taku, Bareh Mildred, Samson Tarh na Beatrice Nwana. <ref>https://www.victorymediapro.com/single-post/2016/2/1/Ndolor-and-the-Senator-Movie-Premiere-Houston-TX</ref> Filime ye, ''Kiss of Death'', niyo filime yatangije mu birori bya CAMIFF 2017 ku ya 24 Mata. <ref>http://irepcamer.com/2017/04/26/is-camiff-the-answer-to-cameroons-struggling-film-industry/</ref> Yabaye umukinnyi wa mbere muri firime ya Kamerwood 2018, ''Tenacity'', anagaragaramo Libota McDonald, Mat Atugon, Vugah Samson na Eyo Eyo Michael. Iyi filime kandi yatsindiye igihembo ''cyiza cya Filime nziza'' muri CAMIFF Awards 2018. <ref>https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/article.html/18718/fr.html/tenacity-africans-let-love</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Ubwoko |- | 2018 | ''Kwihangana'' | Umukinnyi wa mbere | |- | 2017 | ''Gusomana Urupfu'' | Umukinnyi | |- | 2016 | ''Ndolor na Senateri'' | Umukinnyi wa mbere | |- | 2014 | ''Ubutumwa kuri Brian'' | Umukinnyi | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] egwshqqr69n0x1zqdbvjz2xf3ey94rh 0 9740 81252 80875 2021-12-16T14:59:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Shey Elung''' ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kameruni|cameroon]] na film producer . <ref name="AMVC">https://www.betatinz.com/2018/09/cameroonian-actresses-brenda-elung-okawa-shaznay.html?m=1</ref> <ref>http://www.dc-comm.com/cameroonian-movie-industry-brenda-shey-the-mother-hen/</ref> Ni Visi Perezida w’uruganda rukora cinema zo muri [[Kameruni]] (CFI) . <ref name="Sam">https://cameroonnewsagency.com/brenda-elung-raises-cameroon-flag-high-ghana-wins-triple-samba-series/</ref> <ref>https://newsupfront.com/camiff-suffers-second-postponement/</ref> <ref>https://www.camiff.cm/news</ref> Yitwa kandi " ''Madam Brenda'' ". <ref name="AMV">http://dcodedtv.com/amvca2020-brenda-elung-sparkles-in-tas-design/</ref> == Umwuga == Brenda yagize uruhare mu nganda za firime zo muri [[Kameruni]] kuva mu 2010. <ref>http://www.cinecamer.info/index.php/fr/les-gens/218-31-femmes-du-cinema-camerounais-brenda-elung-shey-l-as-de-la-production-et-de-la-distribution</ref> Yatunganije kandi akina muri filime " ''Decoded'' ", iyobowe na Akim Macaulay na Enah Johnscott, yasohotse mu 2013. Iyi filime yafatiwe muri Kanama 2012 ahitwa Limbe, muri Kameruni, hagaragaramo umukinnyi wa [[Gana]] , Van Vicker hamwe n’abakinnyi ba firime muri [[Kameruni]] nka Solange Yijika, Jeffery Epule na Desmond Wyte. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/gist/cameroon-movie-industry-critically-awaits-decoded-movie/bgn5r6g</ref> <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/mobile/27432/3/van-vicker-joins-cameroonian-film-makers-in-douala.html</ref> <ref>https://modelmespot.com/van-vicker-in-douala-for-the-premiere-of-decoded/</ref> Yari umwe mu bakinnyi ba sinema bateraniye i Buea mu mahugurwa y'iminsi itatu (31 Kanama - 2 Nzeri 2016) kugira ngo baganire ku ivugurura ry'inganda za firime zirwaye muri [[Kameruni]]. <ref>https://www.edennewspaper.net/cameroon-film-industry-strategizes-to-be-revamped/</ref> Muri 2017, ibiganiro bye bya TV, " ''SAMBA'' " yakoze, yakinnye nabakinnyi ba Camerwood nka Jeffery Epule, Kelly Ade, Nsang Dilong, Marie Nyna, Solange Yijika, ubwe, nabandi; cyanditswe na Proxy Buh Melvin; kandi iyobowe na Enah Johnscott, yarekuwe. <ref>https://www.preciouscore.com/meet-cameroons-finest-female-movie-producer-brenda-elung/</ref> <ref>https://www.ziff.or.tz/author/admin/page/2/</ref> Filime nyuma ajya imbere gutsinda gihembo ''Official guhitamo'' mu FESPACO ibihembo wa 2017, na ''Best Series'' igihembo mu Ecrans Noirs ibihembo mu 2018. <ref>https://tcd.trace.tv/fr/media/view/178</ref> I [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]], mu gihembo cya Golden Movie Awards Africa (GMAA) 2017, televiziyo izwi cyane yahawe ibihembo bitatu; na ''Best Actress'' igihembo agiye Ade Kelly, ''Best Actor'' igihembo Libota McDonald na film kwinjiza ''Best TV Series'' igihembo. <ref>http://www.cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-film-industry-wins-six-awards-in-ghana-322842.html</ref> Ku nshuro ya karindwi ibihembo bya AMVCA byabereye muri Eko Hotels na Suits i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]] ku ya 14 Werurwe 2020, ni we wenyine wari uhagarariye Inganda za Filime Kameruni (CFI) mu bihembo aho yagaragaye yambaye neza. == Kwihangira imirimo == Niwe washinze Omega One Entertainment, isosiyete ikora firime. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/afrique/region/2016/04/160421_nollywood</ref> Yaserukiye inyungu z’isosiyete mu kiganiro mpuzamahanga cya TV cyo muri Nijeriya cyabereye i Paris (13-14 Mata 2018). <ref>https://nifsummit.com/emails/listid-1/mailid-108-global-interest-in-nigerian-television-industry?tmpl=component</ref> == Kunegura == Muri 2018, yakiriye ibitero bikaze by’abafana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nyuma yo kugaragara yambaye ikanzu nziza [[Uburusiya|y’Uburusiya]] yakozwe ku nshuro ya gatanu ya AMVCA, amushinja ko yanze gushyigikira abashushanya imuhira bakoresheje imbuga mpuzamahanga nka AMVCA, we we birengagijwe. Icyakora, yahisemo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo basabye mu nshuro ya karindwi yerekana ibihembo mu mwaka wa 2020 aho yagaragaye mu myambarire ya Limbe yakozwe na TAS Design. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2017 - | ''SAMBA'' | umukinnyi wa filime; uwatanze umusaruro | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 | ''Decode'' | | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0gbcvywxa9iofmwv1z4mckj8yons493 0 9741 81253 80876 2021-12-16T15:07:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odile Sankara''' n'umuhanzi, umwanditsi ndetse n'umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkina faso]]. <ref>https://www.thecable.ng/issues-around-reforms-to-cfa-colonial-currency/amp</ref> <ref>https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/reforme-franc-cfa-un-debat-populaire-inclusif/00091473</ref> <ref>https://www.archdaily.com/938820/call-for-submissions-design-of-the-amphitheater-in-burkina-faso</ref> <ref>https://howlround.com/aristide-tarnagda-and-theatre-burkina-faso-aristide-tarnagda-et-le-theatre-au-burkina-faso</ref> Yagizwe Perezida wa Récréâtrales <ref>https://afriqueactudaily.com/index.php/2020/10/31/les-recreatrales-un-festival-cote-cour/</ref> <ref>https://www.burkina24.com/2020/07/16/burkina-faso-une-bouffee-dair-pour-lorganisation-des-recreatrales/</ref> <ref>https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/01/recreatrales-2020-nous-dresser-comme-un-seul-homme-face-au-barbarisme-aristide-tarnagda/</ref> <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/10/28/a-ouagadougou-quand-les-cours-familiales-deviennent-scenes-de-theatre_5375802_3212.html</ref> akaba mushiki muto wa nyakwigendera umuyobozi w'impinduramatwara ya [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], Thomas Sankara . <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/38288/politique/burkina-faso-les-sankara-une-famille-recomposer/</ref> <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/37078/politique/burkina-faso-l-arbre-g-n-alogique-de-la-famille-sankara/</ref> == Umwuga == Sankara yagaragaye muri firime ya Iara Lee ya 2018, ''Burkinabè Rising: ubuhanzi bwo guhangana muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]]'' . <ref name="CR">https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/bf-bios</ref> <ref>https://africasacountry.com/2018/05/an-overripe-fruit-will-eventually-fall-off-the-tree</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2018 | ''Burkinabè Rising'' | Umukinnyi | Inyandiko |- | 2012 - | ''face of Africa'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV, Inyandiko |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] pztp1b1mrmqwgiambcpgbxuazyitcar 0 9742 81254 80877 2021-12-16T15:12:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Umusaruro */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Nta Zahabu kuri Kalsaka''''' ( [[Igifaransa|Igifaransa:]] '''''Pas d'or pour Kalsaka''''' ) ni film documentaire ya [[Burukina Faso|Burkina faso]] ya 2019 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Michel K. Zongo kandi afatanije na Florian Schewe. <ref name="Crew">https://www.crew-united.com/en/No-Gold-for-Kalsaka__249791.html</ref> <ref name="Akh">https://en.akhbar1.com/no-gold-for-kalsaka-a-burkina-faso-community-s-lost-land-37242.html</ref> == Umusaruro == Gufata amashusho byakorewe mu ntara ya Yatenga muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]] . Yakozwe na Michel K. Zongo muri Diam Production [bf] na Florian Schewe muri Film Five GmbH. <ref name="Main">https://www.filmfive.net/no-gold-for-kalsaka.html</ref> == Umugambi / Icegeranyo == Kuva kera, mu gihugu cya Afurika cya [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]], abaturage bo mu mudugudu muto wa Kalsaka bari baracukuye kandi bakoresha zahabu mu rwego rwo kubatunga. Hamwe n’ishirahamwe ry’abongereza rishinzwe ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’amahanga, ariko, ibyo byaje kurangira kuko abaturage bari barahawe akarere kavuye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu butaka bwabo. Umuganda wumudugudu, nyamara, uyobowe na Jean-Baptiste, urwana cyane kugirango ugarure ibye. <ref name="Main">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.filmfive.net/no-gold-for-kalsaka.html "No Gold for Kalsaka | Documentary | By Michael K Zongo"]. Film Five<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Akh" /> == Amashimwe == Filime yabonye igihembo cyicyiciro ''cyiza cya Documentaire'' muri Awards Africa Awards Awards 2019 . <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amaa-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-award/m1ppsb7</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/166e6f93-8463-41e0-b768-3a3abea30756?year=2019</ref> <ref>http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762</ref> <ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-releases-full-nominees-ghana-gets-11-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/amaa-returns-to-lagos-for-15th-annual-academy-awards/</ref> <ref>https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/</ref> <ref>https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/</ref> == Kwakira == Ku ya 15 Ugushyingo 2019 ku bufatanye n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya documentaire rya Montreal (RIDM), iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere na Sinema Politica Concordia i Quebec . <ref>https://www.concordia.ca/cuevents/main/2019/11/15/cinema-politica-presents-no-gold-for-kalsaka-with-director-michel-k-zongo.html</ref> Iyi filime yemejwe ko ari imwe muri filime zihindura isi kandi byari biteganijwe ko izerekanwa bwa mbere muri [[Cekiya|Ceki]] muri Autumn 2020 na ''One World'' . <ref>https://www.oneworld.cz/2020/films-a-z/40666</ref> == Kurekura == Nk’uko IMDb ibitangaza ngo iyi filime yasohotse ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2019. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 20ival399037jvgv51dqhnfnw43t2kj 0 9743 81255 80878 2021-12-16T15:19:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Burkinabè Rising''''' (nanone '''''Burkinabé Rising''''' ): ''ubuhanzi bwo guhangana muri Burkinafaso'' ni film ndende ya 2018 yerekanwe kandi ikorwa na Iara Lee . <ref>https://africasacountry.com/2018/05/an-overripe-fruit-will-eventually-fall-off-the-tree</ref> <ref>https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/bf-bios</ref> <ref>https://winterfilmawards.com/2018/02/can-art-bring-a-political-change-iara-lee-discusses-burkinabe-rising/</ref> == Umusaruro == Iyi documentaire yakozwe na Cultures of Resistance film, muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]], [[Bulugariya|Buligariya]] na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] <ref name="CR">https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/bf-synopsis</ref> <ref>https://www.paff.org/films/#!/film/burkinabe_rising_the_art_of_resistance_in_burkina_faso</ref> mucyongereza, Igifaransa na Mooré ikamara iminota 72. <ref name="NY">https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Iara-Lees-Documentary-Burkinabe-Rising-The-Art-of-Resistance-In-Burkina-Faso-Honored-at-Winter-Film-Awards-International-Film-Festival-20180311</ref> == Umugambi / Icegeranyo == Iyi documentaire yerekana abahakanamana batagira urugomo nabenegihugu ba [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]] berekana inzira basezeranye, kumunsi mushya muri politiki yigihugu cyabo. Hemce, yerekana urugero rukwiye kwiganwa kumugabane wa Afrika ndetse nisi yose. Iyi filime igaragaramo abantu bafite umwuka w’impinduramatwara umeze nkuwahoze ari umuyobozi (1983-1987), Thomas Sankara, yiciwe muri Coup d'etat n’inshuti ye yamusimbuye, Blaise Compaoré, akoresheje umuziki, film, ibidukikije, ubuhanzi bugaragara nubwubatsi. Compaoré wategetse imyaka 27 nyuma yukwakira 2014 yakuweho nubwigomeke bukomeye bwamamaye, umwuka uguma hamwe nabantu kugeza ubu. Kuzenguruka igihugu cyose gufata amashusho ya documentaire, ''BURKINABÈ RISING the art of resistance in Burkina Faso'', umuyobozi wayo, Iara Lee yahuye nitsinda rishimishije ryabahanzi, abahanzi ndetse nabaharanira inyungu, bagamije guteza imbere umuco wubuhanzi binyuze mubuhanzi. igihugu kizwiho. Uyu muraperi, Joey le Soldat, avuga ku rugamba rw’urubyiruko rukennye muri [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]] ndetse n’abahinzi baruhira mu gihugu; umuhanzi wa graffiti, Marto, yamaganye akarengane atanga ibishushanyo mbonera by'amabara ku nkuta z'umujyi; uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore, Malika la Slameuse, ahereye ku gitsina gore ku buhanzi bwiganjemo abagabo akora ibisigo; umubyinnyi, Serge Aimé Coulibaly, kuva kubyina bye ashishikariza abamureba gufata ingamba za politiki. Iyi filime kandi yerekana iserukiramuco ryubuhanzi butunganyirizwa hamwe no kubaza amatsinda y'abahinzi barwanya kwangiriza ubuhinzi bwibigo. Muri rusange, film irerekana abantu batandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye bashakisha amahoro nubutabera hakoreshejwe imvugo. <ref>https://www.womex.com/virtual/piranha_arts_1/news/talking_creative_lee</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Le Balai Citoyen * Serge Bayala * Bouda Blandine * Konaté Bomavé * Séré Boukson * Aimé Césa * Raissa Compaoré * Serge Aimé Coulibaly * Sophie Garcia * Emmanuel Ilboudo * Hado Ima * Jean-Marie Koalga * Sahab Koanda * Jean-Robert Koudogbo Kiki * Souleymane Ladji Koné * Bil Aka Kora * Sanou Lagassane * Benjamin Lebrave * Ki Léonce * Mabiisi * Marto * Alif Naaba * Bend Naaba * Arnaud Ouambatou * Mohamed Ouedraogo * Qu'on Sonne et Voix-Ailes * Blandine Sankara * Odile Sankara * Salia Sanou * Sophie Sedgho * Malika La Slameuse * Smockey * Inzoka * Joey Le Soldat * Fatou Souratie * Ali Tapsoba * Gualbert Thiombiano * Issa Tiendrébéodo * Ousmane Tiendrébéodo * Gidéon Vink * Onasis Wendker * Blandine Yameogo * Amina Yanogo == Kwakira == Iyi filime yerekanwe na Suns Cinema, Washington DC ku bufatanye n’umuco ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2018. <ref>https://m.bpt.me/event/3606952</ref> Yerekanwe kandi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sembène ku ya 25 Werurwe 2019. <ref>https://www.alphabetcity.org/events/sembene-film-festival-burkinabe-rising/</ref> Iyi filime yahawe igihembo ''cyiza cyaBest Documentary Film'' kandi ihabwa igihembo cy’amanota ''meza y’umwimerere'' n’umuyobozi ''w’umugore w’indashyikirwa'' mu mujyi wa New York ku nshuro ya 7 ngarukamwaka y’imyidagaduro mpuzamahanga ya Filime (WFAIFF) mu mwaka wa 2018. <ref name="NY" /> == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | rowspan="3" | WFAIFF | ''Filime Nziza'' | rowspan="3" | Iara Lee |- | ''Amanota meza yumwimerere'' |- | ''Umuyobozi wumugore wintangarugero'' |} == reference == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 3i7pfappjjusb89wu2f7l0o65auuqn1 0 9744 81257 80879 2021-12-16T15:27:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindiwe Chibi''' (1976–2007), yari umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Babona ari umwe mubakinnyi ba film kabuhariwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], <ref name="markettheatre">https://markettheatre.co.za/2018/08/03/lindiwe-chibi-memorialised-at-the-market-square/</ref> azwi kuruhare 'Doobsie' muri seri yakunzwe cyane ''Muvhango.'' <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Lindiwe_Chibi</ref> == Amasasu n'urupfu == Ku ya 30 Mata 2005, umukunzi we Dan Mokoena, yamurashe mu maso igihe Chibi yari kwa nyina. <ref name="dob">https://www.news24.com/news24/doobsie-written-out-of-soapie-20070510</ref> Amasasu yarashwe hafi, yinjira mu itama asohoka inyuma y'umutwe. Yahise ajyanwa mu bitaro bya Garden Clinic, amara ibyumweru bitatu muri koma. Amaze guhaguruka ava muri koma, yamugaye iburyo bw'umubiri we. <ref name="IOL">https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/actress-lindiwe-chibi-dies-352341</ref> Igihe yari amaze gukira ibikomere byica, yapfuye azize umusonga mu bitaro bya Chris Hani-Baragwanath i Soweto mu 2007 afite imyaka 31. <ref>https://www.all4women.co.za/689929/entertainment/celebrity-photo-galleries/gallery-soapie-stars-who-died-in-real-life/4</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1995, yatangiye umwuga wo gukina umwuga wo gukina ikinamico ''Ekuseni yakinwaga'' kuri Civic Theatre. Hanyuma yakinnye nka ''Game wo'' kuri Windybrow Theatre, aho yakiriye igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza. Hanyuma yakinnye nka 'Stella Kowalski' mumikino gakondo, ''A Street Car'' Yitwa Desire ndetse no muri ''The Pen na Molora'' . <ref name="IOL" /> Yakoze umugizi wa nabi uzwi cyane 'Doobsie' muri seri ya televiziyo ''Muvhango'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/news24/stars-shooting-an-accident-20050518</ref> Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, uruhare rwe rwatangajwe ko yeguye. <ref name="dob" /> Ku ya 3 Kanama 2018, Isoko rya Theatre Foundation ryiswe icyubahiro cya Chibi. <ref name="markettheatre" /> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] j2t18xt90mcucnogfmdxijakcp6h425 0 9745 81258 80880 2021-12-16T15:34:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Randall de Jager''' (4 Mata 1971 - 22 Ukuboza 2001), yari mukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] . Yamenyekanye cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri serial izwi cyane ''Egoli: Place of Gold'' na 7de Laan . <ref>https://www.all4women.co.za/689929/entertainment/celebrity-photo-galleries/gallery-soapie-stars-who-died-in-real-life/2</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 4 Mata 1971 mu nkengero za Bishop Lavis, Cape Town, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Afite imyaka 17, yabaye umwarimu watozaga abandi ku cyumweru kandi yegeranye cyane nitorero. Yakuranye na nyina, Jean kandi afite bashiki be babiri: Juanita, Angelique na murumuna we Roger. <ref name="IOL">https://www.iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/hundreds-gather-for-funeral-of-7de-laan-star-79650</ref> Yakundanye kuva kera n'inshuti ye y'umukobwa, Kim Nichols. == Urupfu == Mu ntangiriro za 22 Ukuboza 2001, Jager yakomerekejwe bikomeye n’ubujura bwitwaje imbunda mu nzu iri mu nkengero z'umujyi wa River Club, i Sandton, mu majyaruguru ya Johannesburg. Yapfiriye mu bitaro bya Johannesburg. Yari kumwe n'inshuti ye n'umukinnyi wa filime Helene Lombard mugihe cy'ubujura. Yarashwe mu maso hatangaza ko ubwonko bwangiritse cyane. <ref>https://www.news24.com/News24/Friend-tells-of-actors-death-20011224</ref> <ref>https://www.news24.com/News24/Actor-killed-in-robbery-20011222</ref> umubirir we wimuriwe gushyingurwa i bishop Lavis i Cape Town . <ref name="IOL" /> Umuhango wo kwibuka wabereye mu rusengero rushya rw’Intumwa ku ya 29 Ukuboza. <ref>https://www.geni.com/people/Randall-de-Jager/6000000130132265852</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1992, yakinnye mu ikinamico ikinamico ''Paradise iri hafi'' . Mu 1998, yabaye umwanditsi, aho yanditse ikinamico ''Moenie Gerageza Nie'' . <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Randall_de_Jager</ref> Azwiho uruhare rwa 'Hector' muri opera yisabune ya tereviziyo ''Egoli: Place of Gold''. Yakinnye kandi nk'umufasha wibitabo Aubrey Rudolph muri seri izwi cyane ya televiziyo ''7de Laan'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1999 | ''Egoli: Ahantu ha zahabu'' | Hector | Filime ya TV |- | 2001 | ''7de'' | Aubrey Rudolph | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] llq5nw5wuxulnly2ymflqo7lk8an407 0 9746 81259 80881 2021-12-16T16:10:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sipho Nicholas Nkuna''' numukinnyi wa filimi n'umuririmbyi wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]]. Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri seri izwi cyane 7de Laan nka Fikani no kuri ''Erfsondes'' nka Nkululeko "Freedom" Nkosi ''. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/64307-nicholas-nkuna-bio-age-wedding-7-de-laan-songs-facts-profile.html</ref>'' == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 18 Kanama 1988 i Mbombela, Mpumalanga, <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17781</ref> [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] aho yakuriye mu nzu ya nyirakuru. Yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanzi yakuye muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Tshwane, Pretoria kabuhariwe mu ikinamico. <ref name="youthvillage">https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2016/08/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-skeem-saams-nickolas-nkuna/</ref> Hanyuma yagiye muri Ball State University, Indiana muri [[Amerika]], yiga gukina. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina mumyaka ya kaminuza, aho yakinnye mumikino myinshi yikinamico nka ''Parade'', ''Inzozi Zabakobwa'', ''Shaka Zulu'', ''Sophiatown'', ''Oliver Twist'', ''Gukodesha'', na ''Assassins'' . <ref>https://www.bona.co.za/a-victorious-truth-with-nicholas-nkuna/</ref> Yakinnye kandi mu makinamico nka Simba mu ikinamico yitwa Yanakinnye mu ikinamico ''Ntare King'' aho yazengurutse Irlande n'Ubwongereza akina. Ku myaka 22, Nkuna abaye umukinnyi wa kabiri wa Afurika wakinnye mu ikinamico izwi cyane ya ''Phantom ya Opera'' . Muri 2015, yerekeje kuri televiziyo, ''Skeem Saam'', abinyujije kuri agent, biba televiziyo ye ya mbere. Muri serial, yakinnye nka 'Sakhile'. Muri 2017, yafashe ikiruhuko cy'imyaka 3, aho yongeye kwerekeza mu Kwakira 2020. <ref>https://iharare.com/nicholas-nkuna-is-back-on-skeem-saam/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye urukurikirane rw'amarushanwa yo gukina BET, ''Top Actor Africa'' . Mu marushanwa, yagaragaye nkuwakabiri. Nyuma yaje kugaragara muri opera yisabune ''Roer Jou Voete'' akina nka 'Shakes Mbebe' mu mpera za 2015. Muri 2016, yagaragaye muri serial ''Keeping Score'', kandi yagize uruhare ruto nkumukinnyi wa congo 'Issac'. Muri uwo mwaka, yatumiriwe kugira uruhare mu bashyitsi kuri serial izwi cyane ya ''Rhythm City'' . Kuva muri 2017, akina uruhare ruzwi cyane 'Fikani Chauke' murukurikirane ''7de Laan'' . <ref name="youthvillage" /> Yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri Afurika y'Epfo Broadway Awards 2016 kubera uruhare rwe 'Mingus' mu ikinamico ''Sophiatown'' . Hanyuma yakinnye muri serie ''Erfsondes'' nka 'Ubwisanzure'. Usibye televiziyo, yanakinnye muri filime, ''Love by Chance'' and ''Meet the Radebes.'' Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi wamamaye. Indirimbo ebyiri mu ndirimbo zagaragaye muri filime yakinnye na Khanyi Mbau "Icyumba gitukura" naho indirimbo ye Thando igaragara kuri Meet the RAdebes. Nicholas uzwi kandi ku izina rya Nicksoul afite igihembo cy'umuziki wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] kubera alubumu ye ya mbere / r & b yise Therapy yasohotse muri 2018. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- |- | 2016 | ''Kwambukiranya isi'' | Zuko | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Utudomo twirabura'' | Vusi | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Urukundo Kubwamahirwe'' | Aroni | Filime |- | 2017 | ''Hura na Radebes'' | Aroni | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Umwana Mama'' | Sizwe | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Ibutho'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 | ''Icyumba gitukura'' | Jonas | Filime |- | 2020 | ''7de'' | Fikani Chauke | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 6gy337jurmvfmn27c4xkaw2zi7yba49 0 9747 81262 81261 2021-12-16T16:20:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Quinne Brown''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Kamena 1979) ni umukinnyi wa firime m [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Ouma se Slim Kind'', ''Sedona's Rule'' and ''This Is Charlotte King''. . <ref>http://www.artistconnection.co.za/artists/183/cv.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Brown yavukiye i Johannesburg, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Amaze kwiga, yize geografiya na antropologiya muri kaminuza ya Johannesburg . Yagiye i San Francisco mu 2003 gushyingura se, aho yahuriye n'umugabo we Ryan Huffman. <ref>https://www.magzter.com/article/Lifestyle/woman-home-South-Africa/Having-Children-Taught-Me-Who-I-Am</ref> Yashakanye na 2006 kandi bombi babaga i San Francisco. Nyuma abo bashakanye bimukiye i San Diego, aho babyaranye abakobwa babo bombi, Charlotte na Lara. <ref>https://www.all4women.co.za/1813181/health-and-wellness/womens-health/7de-laan-actress-doula-women-need-to-choose-their-own-birthing-experience</ref> Mu masomo ye, Brown yabonye amahirwe yo kwinjira mu bakinnyi bikinamico ya ''7de Laan'' . <ref>https://omny.fm/shows/the-john-maytham-show/an-hour-with-quinne-browneon-just-the-hits</ref> Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye ari ''Connie van der Lecq'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/you/Celebs/7de-laan-actress-opens-up-about-her-characters-dark-side-20190111</ref> Usibye gukina, anakora nkuwatanze ikiganiro kuri SABC2. Mu 2003, Brown yafashe ikiruhuko cy'isabato nyuma y'urupfu rwa se muri Mata 2003. <ref>https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/Bekendes/7de-laan-se-quinne-brown-kuier-in-amerika-vir-kersfees-20191217</ref> Yakoze kandi mu ikinamico, filime no kwamamaza bishingiye kuri San Francisco. <ref>https://www.backstage.com/u/QuinneBrown/</ref> Muri 2008, yatangiye kwigisha abana mwishuri ryimikino ryabana. <ref>https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/Bekendes/splinternuwe-avontuur-vir-quinne-brown-en-manlief-ryan-20180426</ref> Nyuma yimyaka icumi muri [[Amerika]], yasubiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] hamwe numuryango. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yongeye gukina mu bakinnyi ba '7de Laan', anagaragaza imico ye 'Connie'. <ref>http://www.sabc2.co.za/sabc/home/sabc2/news/details?id=d4b593a6-7ba8-4241-a0c9-9c05cd893ea2&title=Quinne+Brown+Huffman+rejoins+the+cast+of+7de+laan</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2001-03 / 2016-ubungubu |''7de Laan'' | Connie van der Lecq | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 |''Ouma se Slim Kind'' | Klaradyn | Filime |- | 2007 |''Just Under a Million'' | Rasheli | Filime ngufi |- | 2007 |''A Clean, Well-Lighted Place'' | Umugore ukiri muto | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 |''The Shadow of Evil'' | Doris | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 |''This Is Charlotte King'' | Charlotte King | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 |''Sedona's Rule'' | Irene | Filime |- | 2010 |''Nominated'' | Ijisho kuri Hollywood | Filime |- | 2011 |''Homeward Bound'' | Nicole | Filime ngufi |- | 2013 |''Lifeless'' | Janice | Filime |} == References == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ewre41zcf11t2z9t93yh2jw83o2wdvf 0 9748 81265 80883 2021-12-17T14:48:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nobuhle Mimi Mahlasela''' (yavutse 10 Mata 1982), ni umukinnyi wa filime numumodel muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] na model . <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-02-13-i-felt-i-made-bad-choices-in-my-life--7de-laans-aggie-on-overcoming-doubt/</ref> Azwi cyane mu gukina uruhare rwa Aggie Ngwenya-Meintjies muri serial izwi cyane ''7de Laan'' . <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-08-22-nobuhle-mahlasela-size-does-not-determine-who-you-are/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mahlasela yavutse ku ya 10 Mata 1982 mu bitaro bya Baragwanath i Soweto, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Mu 1999, yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Waverley Girls i Johannesburg. Hanyuma yize ikinamico muri Pretoria Technikon, ubu ikaba izwi nka Tshwane University of Technology (TUT). <ref>https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/-nobuhle-mimi-mahlasela-/2808</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yo kwinjira muri, yabanje kujya yamamaza kuri ABSA . <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-03-24-7de-laan-nobuhles-headache-why-am-i-attracting-all-these-young-guys/</ref> Muri 2012, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime ya ''Mad Buddies'' kandi akina uruhare ruto rwumupolisi wumugore. Muri 2016, yakoze uruhare rwa Nthati muri filime ''Data's War'' . Yakinnye nka Aggie Ngwenya-Meintjies muri filimi izwi cyane ''7de Laan'' kuva mu 2010. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/actress-nobuhle-mimi-mahlasela-has-had-enough-of-cyberbullies-if-you-dont-like-what-i-post-just-unfollow-20200422</ref> Imiterere yamenyekanye cyane, kandi kubwibyo yaje gutumirwa gukina filimi ibihe byinshi mubakinnyi basanzwe. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010-kugeza ubu | ''7de'' | Aggie Ngwenya-Meintjies | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 | ''Abasazi'' | Umupolisi wumuhanda | Filime |- | 2016 | ''Intambara ya Data'' | Nthati | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 9pqe152796ogcsraggxg31cujnese1k 0 9749 81266 80885 2021-12-17T15:15:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hykie Berg''' (yavutse 2 Gicurasi 1978), ni umukinnyi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|filimi Afrika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwa 'Darius du Buisson' muri televiziyo ya ''Egoli: Place of Gold'' n'uruhare 'Conrad Bester' mu ikinmico, ''Binnelanders'' . Muri 2011, yatsindiye igihembwe cya kane cyamarushanwa yukuri ''Survivor South Africa''. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 2 Gicurasi 1978 i Pretoria, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Yize kugeza mu cyiciro cya 8 mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Die Wilgers aho yatangiye gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge. Hanyuma yize mu 1998. Afite imyaka 19, yabaye umusinzi. Nyuma yaje gukira ibiyobyabwenge mu bitaro by’indwara zo mu mutwe bya Weskoppies, Cape Town. Kuva mu 1997 na 1999, yarangije Impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi mu kwamamaza - Umwaka wa kabiri, Kwamamaza / Kwamamaza ibicuruzwa muri kaminuza ya Pretoriya . Hanyuma yarangije impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor muri Dramatic Arts mu buhanzi, imyidagaduro, no gucunga itangazamakuru muri kaminuza ya Stellenbosch hagati ya 1999 na 2002. Yashyingiranywe mbere na Melissa Jacobs mu 2013 ariko batandukana muri 2018. <ref>https://www.jacarandafm.com/news/entertainment/binnelanders-star-hykie-berg-confirms-split-we-got-divorced-few-months-ago/</ref> Hanyuma, yasabye inshuti ye yumukobwa Gerridene ku ya 23 kamena 2019 aho amaherezo bashyingiranywe muri Werurwe 2020. <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/pics-actor-hykie-berg-ties-the-knot-20200323</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye kuri tereviziyo mu rukurikirane rw'urubyiruko ruzwi cyane ''muri Res'' mu 2003. Hanyuma muri 2004, yagize uruhare runini muri serial ''Plek van Meats'' . Muri 2007, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime muri ''Ouma se Slim Kind'' . Mu 2004, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba shampiyona 13 ya ''seri ya tereviziyo Egoli: Place of Gold'' kandi yakinnye nka 'Darius du Buisson' aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Crystal. Yakinnye ibihe bitatu kugeza muri saison 15 muri 2007. Muri 2018, yabaye umwanditsi aho yasohoye igitabo ''Hykie Berg: Ultimate Survivor'' . Igitabo kivuga ku buzima bwe bw’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’urupfu hafi y’umwuga we wo gukina, aho amaherezo abasha kwisubiraho no kugera ku ntsinzi nyuma. <ref>https://www.nb.co.za/en/view-book/?id=9780796321114</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2004 |''Plek van die Vleisvreters'' | Rudolph du Toit | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 |''Ouma se Slim Kind'' | Steyn Struwig | Filime |- | 2007 |''One Way'' | Frank | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 |''Lien se Lankstaanskoene'' | Dominee Gerhard | Filime |- | 2012 |''Pretville'' | Tommie | Filime |- | 2013 |''Klein Karoo'' | Meyer Labuschagne | Filime |- | 2015 |''Mooirivier'' | Stefan Malan | Filime |- | 2015 |''Forsaken'' | Neill | Filime |- | 2015 |''Dis ek, Anna'' | Marnus Kubona | Filime |- | 2015 |''Verskietende Ster'' | Tomas Schuman | Filime |- | 2015 |''Bloedbroers'' | Bennie Naudé | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2009-16 |''Binnelanders'' | Conrad Bester | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Die Geur van Appelkose'' | Anton | Filime ya TV |- | 2018 |''Die Ongenooides'' | Dirk | Filime ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] rsv1avkpth0wn2pqy2cta7j756xoqhy 0 9750 81267 80886 2021-12-17T15:22:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeke Elakhe Lungelo Mngqolo''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Nzeri 1982), uzwi cyane nka '''Thami Mngqolo''', ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri seri izwi cyane g''enerations'', ''State Enemy No.1'' and ''Greed and Desire''. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-05-13-thami-mngqolo-jo-anne-reyneke-go-their-separate-ways/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Nzeri 1982 i Johannesburg,, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] nk'umwana wa kabiri w'umuryango. Afite mukuru we Uvolethwu Mngqolo, witabye Imana mu 2016. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/66247-thami-mngqolo-bio-age-children-wedding-divorce-big-brother-generations-profile.html</ref> Yagiranye igihe kirekire na mugenzi we bakinana Jo-anne Reyneke . Bashakanye mu 2008 babyarana abana babiri Uvolwethu (wavutse muri 2013) na Lungelo (wavutse 2015). <ref>https://iharare.com/generations-senzo-dlomo-pearl-from-muvhango/</ref> Muri 2018, Mngqolo yirukanwe mu rugo rwabo na Reyneke nyuma yuko bivugwa ko yabonye videwo ibangamira kuri mobile ye. Nyuma yaje gutabarwa n'inshuti ye, Matli Mohapeloa. <ref name="sowetanlive">https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-05-13-thami-mngqolo-jo-anne-reyneke-go-their-separate-ways/</ref> Batandukanye mu 2018. <ref>https://zalebs.com/drama/jo-anne-reyneke/jo-anne-reyneke-talks-about-her-breakup-thami-mngqolo</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2003, yagaragaye muri seri ya televiziyo yitwa ''Generations'' akina ari ' Senzo Dlomo ', umugabo wigitsina gabo. Muri 2016, yahagaritse gukina seri, mugihe abakinyi bayo bose birukanwe kubera ko basabye umushahara munini. Yagaragaye kandi mu bakinnyi ba ''State Enemy No.1'' . <ref name="briefly" /> Yakinnye kandi nka 'resepteptiste' muri ikinamico ya ''Muvhango'' . Ugushyingo 2020, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba telenovela ''Isono'' . Muri seri akina nka 'Maradona'. <ref>https://iharare.com/generations-senzo-dlomo-returns-to-the-screen-as-a-gangster-as-on-isono/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1993 – 2016 | generations | Senzo Dlomo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 | ''Greed and Desire.'' | Kenny Msomi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | ''State Enemy No.1'' | Thulani | Filime |} == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 17byezqd1qvjwi6euj1bhyvg6wiezyp 0 9751 81268 80887 2021-12-17T15:43:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meshack Mavuso Magabane''' (yavutse ku ya 8 Mata 1977), ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri seri izwi cyane ''Heist'', ''Isidingo'', ''Yizo Yizo'', Isithembiso na Durban gen. <ref name="savannanews">https://savannanews.com/meshack-mavuso-biography-age-wife-children-debt-tv-roles-net-worth-durban-gen/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Mata 1977 i Mandagsoek Limpopo, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bca4226af</ref> Arubatse, ni se w'abana bane. == Umwuga == Mu 1998 yakoze umwanya wa mbere 'Vusi Moletsane' mu ikinamico ''Isidingo'' yamenyekanye cyane. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-03-26-meshack-mavuso-on-being-broke-id-go-to-the-bathroom--cry/</ref> Hanyuma, yagaragaye mu ikinamico ''Yizo Yizo'' yerekanwe kuva 1999 kugeza 2004 afite uruhare 'Jabulani "Javas" Nyembe'. <ref>https://www.power987.co.za/featured/listen-yizo-yizo-made-meshack-mavusos-acting-career/</ref> Yamenyekanye kandi ubwo yinjiraga muri Mzansi Magic telenovela Isithembiso yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 3 Mata 2017, aho yakinnye imico ya Keromemang Mtimande, se wa Tshepo, wabitswe na se na nyina kugeza igihe yavumbuwe mu buryo butangaje. gira umwana numukunzi we Chlodea ubu bakundana numwanzi we. Yatangiye umwuga we nka Meshack Mavuso akina 'Simiso Mtshali' mu gice cya kabiri n'icya gatatu cy'urukurikirane rw'abapolisi ''Zero Tolerance'' yerekanwe muri SABC2. Mbere yizo nshingano zashimwe cyane, yakinnye imico itandukanye mu gice cya mbere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yari umwe mu babyinnyi b'ibyamamare mu Kubyina umwaka mushya , ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2008. Muri 2009, yagaragaye ashyigikiwe nigihembwe cyambere cyuruhererekane rwerekana ibisekuruza ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' cyari gishingiye ku ruhererekane rw'Abongereza . Urukurikirane rwaciye kuri SABC2 muri 2009. Muri 2014, yagarutse kuri tereviziyo akina visits mu bice bibiri by'ikinamico ya Sida ''City'' yakinnye nka 'dogiteri'. Muri 2015, ku nshuro ya mbere, yakoresheje izina Mavuso Magabane mri seri ''Zabalaza'' . Muri seri, yakinnye Visits mugice kimwe. Muri 2016 yakoze umwanya wa kabiri ayoboye muri e.tv ikinamico ''Heist'' hamwe ninshingano ya 'Chairman'. Muri 2020 nyuma yigihe gito muri serial ''The River'', yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba serial ''Durban Gen'' aho akina imico ya Dr Thabo Dlamini ugaragara nkumugore kandi akaba yarashakanye na Dr Precious Dlamini. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/meshack-mavuso-on-starring-in-durban-gen-and-lessons-hes-learnt-in-his-career-20200930</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1998 |''Isidingo'' | Vusi Moletsane | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1999 |''Yizo Yizo'' | Javas | Filime |- | 1999 |''Portrait of a Young Man Drowning'' | Umuntu wafashwe | Filime ngufi |- | 2000 |''Hijack Stories'' | Umugabo | Filime |- | 2009 |''Who Do You Think You Are?'' | Uruhare rwa Cameo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''Soul City'' | Muganga | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''Zabalaza'' | Uruhare rwa Cameo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Heist'' | Perezida | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 - ''ubungubu'' |Durban Gen | Dr. Thabo Dlamini | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] thm0vucyc3y9n3vzgk2t4edkz4uv9i1 0 9752 81269 80888 2021-12-17T15:51:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fikile Mthwalo''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1989), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] wavukiye [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba n'umwanditsi wa firime . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17252</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri seri zizwi , ''Isidingo'' na ''Gold Diggers'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/4-things-we-learned-about-fikile-mthwalo-kani-20170728</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1989 Lesotho kwa se wa Mosotho na nyina wa [[Kenya]] / [[Tanzaniya|Tanzaniya.]] <ref name="okmzansi">https://okmzansi.co.za/6-things-didnt-know-fikile-mthwalo/</ref> Afite murumunawe utuye Cape Town . Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2005, yize muri Machabeng International College ifite icyicaro i [[Maseru]] . Nyuma yimukiye i Bloemfontein, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] arangiza Matric muri 2007, mu ishuri rya St Michael Girls. Mu 2009, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Cape Town arangiza impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts Film na Video Production. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/42113-fikile-mthwalo-bio-age-pregnancy-hubby-alleged-separation-pictures-instagram.html</ref> Nyuma muri 2012, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na Filime mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Tisch muri kaminuza ya New York. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yimukiye i Johannesburg . <ref>https://zalebs.com/drama/fikile-mthwalo/close-and-personal-fikile-mthwalo</ref> Yashakanye na mugenzi we wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] Atandwa Kani kuva ku ya 24 Ukuboza 2015. Yahuye na Kani mugihe cya tereviziyo aho basezeranye barashyingirwa nyuma yumwaka. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/News/i-am-atandwas-first-wife-fikile-mthwalo-kani-20170728</ref> Bateguye ubukwe bwabo gakondo 'Lobolo' nyuma yubukwe bwabo. Atandwa ni umuhungu wa John Kani na Mandi Kani. Mbere yubukwe bwabo, Kani yari afitanye umubano numuntu witangazamakuru, Thembisa Mdoda. Bombi baratandukanye nyuma yimyaka itatu. <ref name="briefly" /> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina mu ikinamico izwi cyane izwi cyane, ''Isidingo'' . Yabaye umwe mu barangije hejuru 24 mu 'O Access Presenter Search' amakuba zicishwa kuri umuyoboro O. Mu 2015, yatumye we mbere televiziyo iya uruhare na gukina imico 'Ipeleng' mu serial ''It’s Complicated.'' Usibye ibyo, yinjiye mu matangazo yamamaza kuri tereviziyo harimo Metropolitan, PEP, Omo, Shoprite, Etiselat Nigeria, Ibidendezi, Hi-Malt Nigeria na Nivea UK. Yagaragaye muri telenovela ''Gold Diggers'' aho yakinnye nka 'Hlengiwe'. == Uburezi == Fikile yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelors muri Film na Video Production yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cape Town (UCT), ari naho yarangirije icyubahiro muri 2012. Muri 2015 yahawe buruse yuzuye yo kwitabira gahunda yo gukina amanota ya kaminuza ya New York (NYU) . Muri 2018 yarangije Masters mu buhanzi (MFA) mu gukina. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6mfcs5i38p0o2p8qcvjxsazjz76ltu7 0 9753 81270 80889 2021-12-17T16:18:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Angela Broderick''' (wavutse 22 Nyakanga 1963), uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Judy Ditchfield''', ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuririmbyi wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri seri zizwi cyane ''The Story of an African Farm'', ''Cape Town'' na ''Hoodlum & Son'' . <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3097</ref> Ni n'umucuruzi ukomeye akaba yarabihuguriwe mu bwongereza <ref>https://femaleentrepreneursa.co.za/success-stories/judy-ditchfield/</ref> <ref name="roleplay">https://roleplay.co.za/judy-ditchfield/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Nyakanga 1963 i Pretoria, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] nyuma akurira muri Irene . Afite imyaka itandatu, yimukiye i Kimberley hamwe n'ababyeyi be. Noneho afite imyaka 13, umuryango we wongeye kwimukira i Pietermaritzburg . Kuva mu 1984 kugeza 1987, yamaze i Durban hanyuma yimukira i Johannesburg . Yize amashuri menshi: Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Belgravia na Herlear Primary i Kimberley kumashuri abanza. Hanyuma yize amashuri abanza ya Pelham kuri Standard 5. Hanyuma yarangije ibizamini bya matriche muri Pietermaritzburg Girls High School, Pietermaritzburg. Hanyuma yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BA muri Psychology na Drama muri kaminuza ya Natal, Pietermaritzburg. <ref name="ESAT">https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Judy_Ditchfield</ref> Kuva 1984 kugeza 1987 arangije, yakoraga muri Natal Performing Arts Council (NAPAC). Yashakanye n'umukinnyi n'umucuranzi Paul Ditchfield. Abashakanye bafite abahungu babiri: Keaton na Tom. <ref name="ESAT" /> Keaton yavutse 1991 kandi ni umukinnyi. Tom yavutse 1996 yiga amategeko ya B.Com muri kaminuza ya Wits. <ref name="tvsa" /> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina amakinamico hamwe na Loft Theatre Company, ishami rya NAPAC. Muri kiriya gihe, yakinnye mu ikinamico ''Boo To the Moon'' yakozwe na Paul Slabolepszy,''Tales From The Pleasure Palace'' by Janice Honeyman, ''Kwamanzi'', ''Every Good Boy Deserves Favour'', ''Hambe Kahle'', ''Maid In South Africa'', ''Mistakes Of An African Night To Conquer'', ''En Dit Was More'', ''In The War'' and ''Kitchen Tea<ref name="roleplay" />'' . Hanyuma yakinnye mu ikinamico ya ''Macbeth'' kuri Theatre ya Leta i Pretoriya ndetse no mu ikinamico ''Ibintu Dukorera Urukundo'' na ''bagenzi ba Arms'' byakozwe na Anthony Ackerman. Muri 2001, yabonye ibihembo bya Kwazulu-Natal Vita kuba Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bakobwa. Usibye gukina, ni n'umuririmbyi wamamaye kandi yamenyekanye cyane kandi agaragara muri muzika: Christian; Neill Solomon Rock Concert; Bursting Out; Soundcraft; The Last Great Drive-In Movie Picture Show; It's All Fright By Me; It's Still Rock And Roll To Me; Tarts; A Touch Of Tonic; the smash hit Richard Loring production A Touch Of Webber, A Taste Of Rice; Snow White And The Seven Dwarves; Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story; Fiela's Child: The Musical; The Night They Invented Champagne; and Queen: The Concert at the Sandton Convention Centre. Kuva mu Kwakira 2006 kugeza Werurwe 2007, yakinnye muri Menopause: The Musical for Showtime Management yaberaga kuri Theatre ya Montecasino i Johannesburg. Muri kiriya gihe, yahawe igihembo cya Naledi Theatre Award 2006 cyo kwerekana ibihembo byiza byurwenya (Umugore) kuriyi gakino. <ref name="ESAT">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Judy_Ditchfield "Judy Ditchfield bio"]. ''ESAT''. 25 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Hagati aho, yagaragaye kuri tereviziyo nyinshi zirimo ''Umukino wa II'', ''Sonnekring II'', ''Suburban Bliss'' na ''Streaks I na II'' . Yakinnye kandi uruhare runini muri seri; ''Hooded Angels'',''Hoof Of Africa'', ''Zeru Tolerance'' na ''Yizo Yizo'' . Muri 2012, yagaragaye muri tereviziyo ya sitcom ''Ses'Top La'' maze akina nka 'Madamu. Rabinowitz '. Muri 2019, yakinnye nka 'Stella Fouche' mu isabune izwi cyane ''Isidingo'' . Yagaragaye kandi muri firime, ''Kwizera Inguni'', ''Icyubahiro Glory'', ''Cape Of Good Hope'' na ''Stander'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1989 |''Bonne espérance'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1997 |''u'Bejani'' | Amajwi yinyamaswa | Filime |- | 2002 |''Hooded Angels'' | Indaya ishaje | Filime |- | 2003 |''Stander'' | Madamu Jennings | Filime |- | 2004 |''Cape of Good Hope'' | Inzoka | Filime |- | 2005 |''Faith's Corner'' | Umumotari | Filime |- | 2006 |''Running Riot'' | Beatrice Koekemoer | Filime |- | 2014 |''Ses' Top La'' | Madamu Rabinowitz | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 |''Isidingo'' | Stella Fouche | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 4qzd74ac1aumoqszlyhn89p0zv5qof8 0 9754 81271 80890 2021-12-17T16:21:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jo da Silva''', numukinyi wamafirime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] n'umunyamakuru kuri tereviziyo. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri seri zizwi cyane ''Gabriël'', ''Operation Delta Force 3: Clear Target'' na ''Arsenaal'' . <ref name="joda">https://sarafinamagazine.com/2018/02/28/a-conversation-with-jo-da-silva/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Da Silva yarangije muri kaminuza ya Wits mu 1990 afite impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mu buhanzi bw'ikinamico. <ref name="motivator">https://www.motivators.co.za/jo-da-silva/</ref> Afite kandi impamyabumenyi ya mwarimu mu myigire yimikino. <ref name="motivator" /> Da Silva yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo Eckard Rabe kuva 1996 kugeza 2007. <ref name="dead">https://www.news24.com/you/archive/back-from-the-dead-20170728-4</ref> Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Caitlin. <ref name="dead" /> Muri 2010, Da Silva na Rabe bombi bagize uruhare mu isabune yo muri Afrika yepfo, ''7de Laan.'' <ref name="dead" /> == Umwuga == Da Silva yatangiye umwuga we mu ikinamico kandi akomeza imyaka myinshi mu ikinamico. Yagaragaye muri sabune opera ''Isidingo'' akina nka 'Natasha Wallace'. Hanyuma yakinnye nka 'Gita McGregor' kuri televiziyo ''7de Laan'' . <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Jo_da_Silva</ref> Ku mirimo ye nka Gita McGregor, Da Silva yatowe mu cyiciro cya "Umugore w’indashyikirwa" mu birori byo gutangiza ibihembo bya Royalty Soapie mu 2013. <ref name="inaugural">https://www.news24.com/you/archive/inaugural-royalty-soapie-awards-20170728</ref> Muri 2015, yatorewe igihembo cya Royalty Soapie Award mu cyiciro cya "Umugore w’indashyikirwa" kubera uruhare rwe kuri ''7de Laan.'' <ref name="royalty2015">https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/royalty-soapie-awards-nominees-revealed-20150330</ref> Da Silva kandi yatowe mu cyiciro cya "Umukinnyi mwiza w'isabune nziza" kubera ibikorwa yakoze kuri ''7de Laan'' muri 2016 ''Huisgenoot'' <ref name="tempo">https://www.news24.com/channel/news/local/these-are-all-the-nominees-for-the-2016-huisgenoot-tempo-awards-20160610</ref> Tempo Awards. Da Silva yavuye muri 7de Laan mu 2016, yimukira i Cape Town kumarana igihe n'umukobwa we no gukora akazi k'ubuntu. <ref name="leaving">https://www.news24.com/channel/tv/news/heres-why-gita-is-leaving-the-laan-20160509</ref> Usibye izo nshingano, Da Silva yanakinnye kuri televiziyo nyinshi zirimo ''Gabriel'', ''Arsenaal'', ''Madam & Eve'', ''Suburban Bliss'' na ''Egoli'' . Guhera mu 2007, yakinnye nka 'Olivia Fitzgerald' muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''Erfsondes'' . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=4580</ref> Nyuma yo kuruhuka igihe kirekire avuye mu ikinamico, amaherezo yagarutse kuri stage akina ibintu bibiri mu ikinamico ''Present Laughter'' rwanditswe na Noël Coward. Ikinamico yerekanwe kuri Theatre ku Kigobe. Hanyuma yakinnye mu ikinamico, ''Fatal Attraction'', yerekanwe kuri Theatre kuri Bay na Pieter Toerien's Monte Casino Theatre i Johannesburg. Usibye gukina, yanatunganije, afatanya kuyobora ndetse anerekana ikinyamakuru M-Net show 'Showbuzz'. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wumugore mukinamico yicyongereza,''It rained last night''.. <ref>https://www.motivators.co.za/jo-da-silva/</ref> == Amashusho == * ''7de Laan'' - Igihe cya 1 nka Gita McGregor * ''Arsenaal'' - Igihe cya 1 nka Sonja Heyns * ''Erfsondes'' - Igihe cya 1 nka Olivia Fitzgerald * ''Gabriël'' - Igihe cya 1 nka Delia * ''Isidingo'' - Igihe cya 1 nka Natasha Wallace * ''Madamu & Eva'' - Igihe cya 2 nka Jean === Nkumukinnyi === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1995 |''Live Wire 2: Human Timebomb'' | Sonya | Filime yo murugo |- | 1998 |''Operation Delta Force 3: Clear Target'' | Connie | Filime |- | 2001 |''The Little Unicorn'' | Mama Muruta | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] mzpfhj3o7xxx6swf8t876vp5jnv7xek 0 9755 81272 80891 2021-12-17T16:36:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Zakeeya patel 2020 1.jpg|thumb|'''Zakeeya Patel''']] '''Zakeeya Patel''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Mutarama 1988), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] akaba n'umunyamakuru. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri serial izwi cyane ''Isidingo'', ''7de Laan'' na ''High Rollers'' . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Patel yavukiye i Durban, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Ni muryango wakomokaga mu Buhinde ku ruhande rwa se Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ikinamico no mu bitaramo yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cape Town . == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakinnye nka 'Samantha Sharma' muri opera yisabune ya televiziyo ''Isidingo'' . Igitaramo cyaje gukundwa cyane. Hagati aho muri 2006, yabaye nyampinga wa Season 6 muri South African competition ''Dancing with the Stars'' . Muri 2012, yagaragaye muri firime yo gusetsa ''Material'' kandi akina nka 'Aisha Kaif'. Noneho muri 2013, yagaragaye muri Show ''High Rollers'' . Muri 2014, yagaragaye akina ikinamico ''Emotional Creature'' aho yaboneyeho umwanya wo gukorana n’umunyamerika uzwi cyane akaba n'umwanditsi Eve Ensler. Muri 2018, yakinnye muri filime ''The Docket'' Muri 2019, yagaragaye muri Netflix yumwimerere ''Shadow'' . Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri filime ishimishije ya Showmax ''The Girl from St. Agnes''. Mu mpera za 2019, yagize uruhare runini muri film ''3 Days to Go'' . Muri 2020, yakinnye mu rukurikirane rwa filime ''Material'' ''2012 yitwa New Material'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Patel yashakanye n’umukungu w’ubukungu Rob Price mu birori by’amadini atandukanye mu Gushyingo 2017. Bimukiye i Los Angeles, muri Californiya mu Kuboza 2019. == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko ! Ref. |- | 2012 |''Material'' | Aisha Kaif | | |- | 2013 |''Nothing for Mahala'' | Umuforomo Taz | | |- | 2013 |''Previously on Childrens Hospital Africa'' | | Mugufi | |- | 2015 |''Die Pro'' | Jasmine Farat | | |- | 2015 |''The Jakes Are Missing'' | Nancy | | |- | 2019 |''3 Days to Go'' | Candice | | |- | 2020 |''New Material'' | | | |- |} === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko ! Ref. |- | 2013 |''The Wild'' | Amita Kahn | | |- | 2013 |''High Rollers'' | Dhanni Rangila | | |- | 2014 |''7de Laan'' | Video Blog Umukobwa | | |- | 2014 |''Mzansi Love: Big City Love'' | Buhle Patel | | |- | 2014 |''Skwizas'' | Lidiya | | |- | 2015–16 |''Isidingo'' | Samantha Sharma | | |- | 2017 |''Thula's Vine'' | Kim K. | | |- | 2018 |''The Docket'' | Lexie Patel | | |- | 2019 |''The Girl from St. Agnes'' | Sharon McMahon | | |- | 2019 |''Shadow'' | Sara | | |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6j3fb8li44qlk34p8x9dij4vo8xz73k 0 9756 80892 2021-11-28T10:38:38Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Cecile Nkomeje == mu mwaka wibihumbi bibi na kane 2004 nibwo hashinzwe ikigo gikomeye gishinzwe gutunganya imiti nibikoresho bya Laboratoire kizwi nka Pharmalab ltd kiyobowe na Madamu Cecile Nkomeje iki kigo cyashinzwe murwego rwo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi na Laboratoire mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no [[African Jim|mukarere]] ruherereyemo. Pharmalab Ltd ni uruganda rukora cyane ibikoresho byifashishwa mu buvuzi munzu batangiramo ibizamini Laboratoir..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Cecile Nkomeje == mu mwaka wibihumbi bibi na kane 2004 nibwo hashinzwe ikigo gikomeye gishinzwe gutunganya imiti nibikoresho bya Laboratoire kizwi nka Pharmalab ltd kiyobowe na Madamu Cecile Nkomeje iki kigo cyashinzwe murwego rwo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi na Laboratoire mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no [[African Jim|mukarere]] ruherereyemo. Pharmalab Ltd ni uruganda rukora cyane ibikoresho byifashishwa mu buvuzi munzu batangiramo ibizamini Laboratoire harimo nk' udutibe batangiramo amaraso,inkari,umusarane nibindi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/trade-deficit-narrows-36-three-years</ref> == Amateka == Madamu Cecile Nkomeje ni Umuyobozi mukuru wa Pharmalab Ltd uru ruganda rukora ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 nkuko twabisobanuye haruguru batangiye batumiza ibikoresho hanze y'igihugu ariko bakabifashwamo na Leta yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. muri 2014 bakoze urugendo shuri mugihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] mu rwego rwo kungera ubumenyi ari naho baherewe inyigisho zo gukora ayo ma tube. mu mwaka a 2015 nibwo batangiye kubaka aho bazajya batunganyiriza ayo ma tube Imasoro mu cyanya k'Inganda. 2016 nibwo batangiye gushyira mubikorwa ubumenyi bwabo batangira gukora ibikoresho ari nabwo basurwaga n'ikigo gishinzwe gutsura ubuziranenge RSB (Rwanda standards board). [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisiteri y'ubuzima]] na Laboratoire Nationale basanga ibikoresho bakora byujuje ubuziranenge<ref>https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/</ref> == Umusaruro == kurubu ibikoresho byavaga mu mahanga nka [[Ubuhinde|Inde]], [[Chinedu Ikedieze|Chine]], na Europe byarahagaritswe uru ruganda Pharmalab nirwo rutanga ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu bitaro bitandukanye ibigo nderabuzima na ma clinique zigenga mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. umuyobozi wa Pharmalab Cecile Nkomeje<ref>http://pharmalab.rw/index.php/contact</ref> avugako kuva ibikoresho byatangira gukorerwa mu Rwanda aribwo igiciro kiri hasi cyane kuko bahisemo gufata inyungu nke ariko kubintu byinshi. == Ingano yibikoresho bakora == umubare wibikoresho bakora mu mwaka ungana na millioni 25 kandi bavugako hakenerwa ibikoresho biri hagati ya millioni 8 ni 10 mu mwaka bavuga kandi ko icyuho kibyatumizwaga hanze cyagabanutseho 36% ndetse igipimo kibyoherezwa mu mahanga kigabanukaho 69%. <ref>https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/</ref> == Inshingano == inshingano yabo ni ugutanga ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mubuvuzi ndetse nibikoresho bya Laboratoire byujuje ubuziranenge kwisoko kandi bifite ireme kandi kugiciro kiza ndetse na serivice inoze.<ref>https://www.eahealth.org/directory/search/organisations/pharmalab-ltd</ref> == Ibihembo == Madamu Cecile Nkomeje yatsindiye igihembo gitangwa na RDB Bussiness Excellene Awards muri 2017 nku mugore wihangiye imirimo kandi akiteza imbere kurwego rushimishije Cecile kandi yavuzeko kuva yahabwa icyo gihembo iterambere rye ryikubye ubugira kabiri.<ref>https://twitter.com/rdbrwanda/status/1085251011311226880?lang=eu</ref> == Reba == 1m0e5eo0xmi3xj1ui88po9svfhhrbom 0 9757 81273 80893 2021-12-17T16:41:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arno Marais''' (yavutse 19 Mata 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri ''seri'' zizwi cyane Stroomop, ''Die Boekklub'' na ''Reconnect'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 19 Mata 1984 i Bloemfontein muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Nyina ni Corrie Viviers. == Umwuga == Mu 2009, yakinnye nk'inzobere mu by'ikoranabuhanga 'Benjamin le Roux' muri opera izwi cyane ''Isidingo'' aho igice cye cyanyuze ku ya 20 Ugushyingo. <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=16514</ref> Muri 2016, yagaragaye muri serivise yikinamico ya kykNET ''Die Boekklub'' akina nka 'Herman Mouton'. Mu mpera za 2016, yagize ikiruhuko cyimyaka ibiri kuva ''Isidingo'' . Muri kiriya gihe, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba televiziyo ya ''Sokhulu & Partners'' maze akina nka 'Adv. Nick Edwards '. Hanyuma yagaragaye kuri serial ''7de Laan'' muburyo bugaruka. Hanyuma muri 2017, asubira muri ''Isidingo'' . <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/arno-marais-is-back-on-isidingo-9432520</ref> == Impanuka == Ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2010, yagize impanuka y'imodoka yahitanye Kobus Venter, umwangavu. Marais yarakomeretse cyane aguma muri koma ibyumweru bine mu bitaro by’amasomo bya Steve Biko i Pretoria. <ref>https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/isidingos-arno-moms-coma-vigal-20170728</ref> Nk’uko amakuru aturuka mu bitaro abitangaza, ngo yabyimbye mu bwonko mu gihe cya koma ndetse no kuva amaraso imbere. Yasize ibihaha yarajanjaguwe, bityo akoresha ubuhumekero. <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/the-citizen-kzn/20100728/282260956747682</ref> Yamaze ibyumweru bitandatu mu bitaro. <ref>https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/isidingos-arno-marais-charged-after-crash-20170728</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yitabye urukiko bwa mbere muri Pretoria ku bijyanye n'impanuka. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/news/isidingo-star-in-court-after-fatal-accident-1378612</ref> == Impaka == Muri 2018, yashyizeho Tweets nyinshi yibasira Abayisilamu kandi yatanze ibitekerezo bimwe bikemangwa kuri Islam . <ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/isidingo-star-arno-marais-islam-tweets/</ref> === Televiziyo === * ''Gupfa Boekklub - Igihe cya 1 na 2'' nka Herman Mouton * ''Eish!'' ''Saan - Igihe cya 1'' nk'icyamamare Prankster * ''Getroud yahuye na Rugby: Gupfa Sepie - Ibihe 3, 4, 5'' nka Thinus * ''Isidingo - Igihe cya 1'' nka Benjamin le Roux * ''Sokhulu & Abafatanyabikorwa - Igihe cya 3'' nkuwunganira. Nick Edwards == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2015 | ''Ongera uhuze'' | Mat | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Inzu'' | Phillip | Filime |- | 2019 | ''Igitangaza'' | Pasiteri Gregory | Filime ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 7i1rtqvgitzd0wjd5nd4iyowz3jpv3h 0 9758 81274 80918 2021-12-17T16:44:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Ubuzima bwite */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sonwabise 'Soso' Rungqu''' (yavutse ku ya 24 Gicurasi 1983), ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuririmbyi wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serial izwi cyane ''Isidingo'' . <ref>https://briefly.co.za/29423-5-inside-soso-rungqu-facts-ll-love-more-south-african-news.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 24 Gicurasi 1983 i Amalinda, mu Burasirazuba bwa Londre, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo.]] Mu 1991, yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Clarendon ry’abakobwa . Yarangije afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanzi bwa muzika muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Tshwane, Pretoria. <ref>https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/soso-rungqu/getting-know-isidingos-soso-rungqu</ref> Se yapfuye mu 2015. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-03-02-soso-rungqu-from-taking-care-of-her-dying-dad-to-isidingo-fame/</ref> Arubatse kandi ni nyina w'umuhungu. == Umwuga == Mu 2007, yakinnye bwa mbere mu ikinamico mu ikinamico ''coin n’izindi nkuru'' zakorewe kuri Civic Theatre, (ubu izwi ku izina rya Theatre Johannesburg). <ref>https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/soso-rungqu/3841</ref> Soso yakoze ijwi ryamamaye hejuru yimiterere ya animasiyo 'Smartycat' kumyerekano y'abana ''Cool Catz'' kuva 2008 kugeza 2010. Hagati aho, yanakinnye mu ikinamico y'amashuri yisumbuye ndetse n'amashuri abanza. Hanyuma yakoranye nishami ryubuhanzi numuco imyaka mike. <ref name="tvsa">{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Uruhare rwe rwa tereviziyo ya mbere rwaje nko muri PHD Inyigo Yumwana Kubuzima bwa Mindset Network. Ubwa mbere, yagaragaye cyane kuri tereviziyo zizwi cyane: ''love of Mzansi'', ''Scandal!'' Town ''(Urukurikirane rwa TV)'', ''Sokhulu & parteners'' na ''7de Laan'' . Hagati aho, yagaragaye muri televiziyo ''HeartLaughs'' mu rwego rwa DVD "Indangagaciro mu bikorwa". Muri 2014, yagaragaye muri firime ngufi ''Awakening'' hanyuma muri firime ''Munsi yubuhanzi'' muri 2015. Muri uwo mwaka, yavuze uruhare kuri radio ikinamico ''uHambolwethu yanyuze'' kuri TruFM. Muri 2016, yamenyekanye cyane ku ruhare 'Kau Morongwa' kuri opera ''Isidingo'' . Yakomeje gukina kugeza muri 2018 aho yaretse kwerekana kugira ngo arebe se urwaye. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2018-06-13-isidingos-soso-rungqu-has-no-regret-about-taking-a-tv-break-to-look-after-her-dad/</ref> == Televiziyo == * ''7de Laan'' nka Lerato * ''Igazi'' nk'umwamikazi Ngxabani * ''Isidingo'' nka Morongwa Kau * ''Nibyiza Turi Umuryango'' nka Soso Rungqu * ''Mzansi Urukundo'' nka Zandile * ''Umujyi Umujyi'' nkumukobwa wa Junkie * ''Urukozasoni!'' nka Kagiso * ''Sokhulu & Abafatanyabikorwa'' nka Deirdre Hosa * ''Tjovitjo'' nka Kopano * ''Zaziwa'' nkawe * ''Ibisekuru: Umurage'' nka Detective Zanele == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] mo2a8jlpuvtj3iisg549i1ia1udduzq 0 9759 81275 80895 2021-12-17T17:14:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 /* Icegeranyo */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Le guceceka de la forêt''''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Central Afurika na [[Kameruni]] yo muri 2003 iyobowe na Bassek Ba Kobhio na Didier Ouenangare . mu mateka ni filime ya mbere yerekanwe muri Sinema yo muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique <ref name=":0">https://www.cinemaescapist.com/2019/02/best-african-movies-list/</ref> Iyi filime kandi yakorewe hamwe muri [[Gabon]] na [[Kameruni]] . <ref>JC Woodfrok (2006) ''Culture and Customs of the Central African Republic'', Greenwood Press, pg. 150</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=n1RiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA224</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Em8kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT72</ref> Filime yahinduwe ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na [[Étienne Goyémidé]] gifite umutwe umwe ''Le silence de la forêt'' . <ref>http://newsreel.org/video/LE-SILENCE-DE-LA-FORET</ref> Iyi filime yari ishingiye ku moko mato ya Pygmies nyafurika kandi ni nayo filime ya mbere ivuga ku ivangura rishingiye ku moko ry’Abanyafurika bigezweho ku bwoko bw’abasangwabutaka bo muri Afurika (Biaka people). <ref>https://www.kanopy.com/product/silence-forest</ref> == Icegeranyo == Gonaba (Eriq Ebouaney), umugenzuzi w’uburezi mu karere muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique yumva acitse intege nyuma yo gukora mu butegetsi bwa gisirikare imyaka irenga icumi. Bidatinze, ashishikajwe no kunganira ubwoko bw’abasangwabutaka bwitwa Baaka muri rusange birengagizwa kandi bagafatwa nabi muri sosiyete kandi ubuzima bwabo bukaba bubangamiwe n’imijyi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. <ref>https://www.screendaily.com/the-silence-of-the-forest-le-silence-de-la-foret/4014179.article</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Eriq Ebouaney nka Gonaba * Nadège Beausson-Diagne nka Simone * Sonia Zembourou nka Kali * Philippe Mory nka Perefe Iyi filime yabanje gutangazwa ko izayoborwa gusa n’umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique Didier Ouenangare nkumushinga we wa mbere. Yatangiye kuyobora bwa mbere binyuze muri uyu mushinga afite imyaka 50. Icyakora umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Kameruni]] Bassek Ba Kobhio yinjiye mu gufata amashusho kandi ashinzwe ibijyanye na tekiniki yo kurasa. Bassek yaje kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa film mugihe Didier yamubereye umuyobozi wa film. Bombi bumvikanye gukorana kandi film yatewe inkunga cyane na Kameruni na Gabon. Iyi filime yakorewe muri CAR mu gihe igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu hamwe n’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare mu 2003 . Byagaragaye ko umukinnyi wa firime Didier yakiriye inkunga ingana na 50000 FF na Agence intergouvernmentale de la francophonie mugihe cy'ibirori bya Amiens. <ref name=":1">http://africultures.com/co-director-of-le-silence-de-la-foret-5698/</ref> Benshi mubagize itsinda hamwe nabatekinisiye mugikorwa cyo gufata amashusho bashakishijwe mubihugu bituranye birimo [[Kameruni]] na Gabon. Umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Kameruni]], Eriq Ebouaney yatoranijwe kugira ngo agire uruhare runini kandi yagombaga kwiga ururimi rwa Sango rukaba ari rumwe mu ndimi zemewe za Repubulika ya Centrafrique. Umuhimbyi w’umuziki wamamaye muri [[Kameruni]], Manu Dibango, yinjijwe mu muziki wa filime. Umuyobozi wa firime Didier nawe yakiriye opposition no kunengwa kuba adahisemo abanyafurika yo hagati ngo bakore iyo film. == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe mu gihugu muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique yarahungabanye kubera ko sinema yonyine mu gihugu yari ifunze icyo gihe. Filime yatoranijwe kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru mike ya firime kandi ifunguye muri rusange ibitekerezo byiza byatanzwe nabanegura. Iyi filime yerekanwe ku gice cy’umubumbe wa Afurika muri 2003 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2003. <ref>https://www.digitalhit.com/torontofilmfestival/2003/filmlist</ref> Yatoranijwe kandi kugirango yerekanwe mu gice cy’abayobozi ba Fortnight igice cya Festival ya Cannes 2003 . <ref>http://www.quinzaine-realisateurs.com/qz_an/2003/</ref> Iyi filime kandi yakiriwe cyane mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime 2003 ryitwa Francophone de Namur (FIFF). <ref>http://africultures.com/namur-2003-la-resistance-francophone-3068/</ref> == referenceserences ==   [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 7ztyv52zpeh48dx01tn9gbg7w4bs311 0 9760 81276 80896 2021-12-17T17:16:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbas Kaijuka numu''' moderi wo muri [[Uganda]], umunyamideli hamwe nuwakusanyije imideli uzwi muri ''kuranga Kai's Divo'' . <ref>https://bigeye.ug/meet-kaijuka-abbas-every-kampala-celebritys-favourite-fashion-stylist/</ref> <ref>https://satisfashionug.com/how-kaijuka-abbas-became-kampalas-most-sought-after-stylist/</ref> <ref>https://www.matookerepublic.com/2016/12/05/check-out-ugandan-designer-kai-divos-collection-at-swahili-fashion-week/</ref> Niwe wahawe igihembo cy’umwaka w’abagabo berekana imideli y’abagabo bo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri 2020 East Fashion Awards ndetse na Fashion Designer of the Year igihembo cya Abryanz Style na Fashion Awards 2016 kandi yahawe ibihembo bitandukanye harimo na East African Designer of the Year. igihembo mucyumweru cyimyambarire ya Swahili 2017. <ref>https://chano8.com/kaijuka-abbas-represents-ug-at-swahili-fashion-week/</ref> <ref>http://satisfashionug.com/abbas-kaijuka-stands-to-win-african-male-designer-in-this-years-designer-awards-africa/</ref> <ref>https://blizz.co.ug/1520/Remas-Designer--Abbas-Kaijuka-Wins-Designer-of-the-Year-Award-at-Mens-Fashion-Week-Nigeria</ref> <ref>https://uganda.watsupafrica.com/news/spice-diana-and-designer-abbas-kaijuka-feature-on-the-sanyuka-wardrobe/</ref> <ref>https://hautefashionafrica.com/abbas-kansiime-mcensal-school-of-fashion-swahili-fashion-week-emerge-winners-at-east-africa-fashion-awards-2020/</ref> <ref>https://chimpreports.com/abbas-kaijuka-reveals-success-behind-his-fashion-line/</ref> <ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201908/features/the-uganda-international-fashion-week-as-it-happened.html</ref> == Ibihembo na Kandidatire == {| class="wikitable" width="" ! colspan="4" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Ibihembo & Kandidatire |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Umwaka !Award ! Icyiciro |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | rowspan="2" |East Africa Fashion Awards | Umunyamerika wiburasirazuba yimyambarire yumwaka |- | Umusitari wumwaka |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yumwaka |- |The Man Awars Nigeria | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka Afrika |- | rowspan="4" | 2018 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka |- |The Man Awards, Nigeria | Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umwaka Afurika |- |Swahili Fashion Week | Umushinga wo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka |- |Pearl of Africa Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka |- |Swahili Fashion Week | Umushinga wo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 |Abryanz Style & Fashion Awards | Imyambarire yimyambarire yumwaka |- |Rising Star Awards | Ibyamamare Stylist yumwaka |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] br6fjl0kt1kos9q3m9qhh5hpxdlm3xc 0 9761 83179 81277 2022-05-09T08:39:44Z Ugweeklyimages 10927 /* references */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malaika Tenshi Nnyanzi''' uzwi cyane mwizina rye nka '''Malaika''' numukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Uganda]], umunyamakuru n'umunyamideli. Azwi cyane kubikorwa bya radio kuri D'Mighty Breakfast show kuri KFM na Malaika na Oulanya kuri Capital Fm ndetse nakazi yakoraga kuri Veronica's Wish, Bed of Thorns, The Honourables and Mela. <ref>https://lifestyleuganda.com/malaika-tenshis-best-instagram-looks-before-veronicas-wish-movie-premiere/</ref> <ref>https://satisfashionug.com/malaika-nnyanzi-on-her-beauty-rules-and-why-her-mum-is-her-beauty-icon/</ref> == Umwuga == === Kwerekana imiterere === Malaika yatangiye umwuga wo kwerekana imideli i Nairobi muri [[Kenya]]. Yayoboye kandi isosiyete icunga icyitegererezo hamwe numugabo kandi yerekanaga ibikorwa byabo mubirori byinshi birimo icyumweru cyimyambarire ya Swahili. Yavuye i Nairobi yimukira muri Uganda aho yakomereje umwuga we wo kwerekana imideli hamwe n'ibikorwa by'imyidagaduro. <ref>https://bigeye.ug/malaika-nyanzi-to-sponsor-fan-for-makeup-master-class/</ref> Ni ambasaderi wikirango Nice Vine. <ref>https://enewsuganda.com/truth-reason-malaika-nyanzi-abandoned-urban-tv/</ref> <ref>https://mbu.ug/2020/04/23/malaika-tenshi-nnyanzi-a-fashion-bomb-during-this-pandemic/</ref> <ref>https://doberre.com/malaika-nnyanzis-different-looks-at-uganda-entertainment-awards-2017/</ref> <ref>https://campusbee.ug/fashion/campo-fashion/style-mania-meet-fashion-foward-malaika-nnyanzi/</ref> === Radiyo na televiziyo === Agarutse muri [[Uganda]] avuye muri [[Kenya]], Malaika yinjiye muri Televiziyo ya Urban Group ya Vision Group nk'umufatanyabikorwa hamwe na Gaetano Kagwa mu kiganiro cya mu gitondo cyitwa Urban Today. Nyuma yaje kuva muri Urban Today yakira Fashionista mbere yuko ava muri Televiziyo ya Urban mu Gushyingo 2016. <ref>https://chano8.com/reason-malaika-nnyanzi-resigned-urban-tv/</ref> <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1441516/malaika-thanks-urban-tv</ref> Yinjiye kandi mu muyoboro w’imyidagaduro wo muri Afurika yepfo Rockstar Group nk'isura nshya ya televiziyo yitwa SHOOOOSH! <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/57100-malaika-nnyanzi-to-be-face-of-shoooosh.html</ref> <ref>https://digitaldrimzafrica.com/2017/05/02/ugandas-malaika-nnyanzi-lands-herself-a-job-on-rockstar-4000-shines-at-the-namibia-annual-music-awards-2017/</ref> Malaika yatangiye umwuga we wo gukora kuri radio muri KFM i Kampala muri Mata 2017. Yafatanije nabandi mu ikiganiro cya mugitondo, D'Mighty Breakfast show hamwe na Brian Mulondo. <ref>https://thetowerpost.com/tag/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-join-kfm/</ref> <ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201704/four-one-one/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-take-over-kfm-morning-show.html</ref> Muri 2019, yavuye muri KFM yinjira muri Capital Fm atangira kwakira ''Malaika na Oulanya'' hamwe na Oulanya Columbus asimbuye Gaetano na Lucky mumwanya wabo wa Overdrive. <ref>https://chano8.com/kfms-malaika-nnyanzi-set-to-join-capital-fm/</ref> <ref>https://mbu.ug/2019/05/05/malaika-kicks-off-her-stint-at-new-home-with-the-legendary-oulanya/</ref> <ref>https://capitalradio.co.ug/presenter/malaika-nyanzi/</ref> === Gukina === Malaika yerekanye umwuga we wo gukina filime ya Nisha Kalema yo muri 2018 yerekana ikinamico ya Veronica's Wish akina nka Bankia. Yakiriye abahatanira ibihembo bibiri mu ruhare mu cyiciro cyiza cyo gushyigikira umukinnyi wa filime muri 2018 Uganda Film Festival Awards na ZAFAA Global Awards muri 2019. Nyuma yaje gukinishwa nka Stella muri 2019 Eleanor Nabwiso yayoboye film . Kuri uru ruhare, Malaika yatowe kandi yegukana igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri 2019 Uganda Film Festival Awards . <ref>https://chimpreports.com/malaika-nnyanzi-excited-by-first-nomination-as-actress/</ref> Yakinnye kandi nk'umukinnyi wa Mela Katende mu rukurikirane rw'amakinamico rwa Nana Kagga rwa Mela maze yinjira muri Honourables mu 2019 nk'umunyamuryango ukomeye. == Ubuzima bwite == Malaika yavukiye Malaika Nnyanzi ku babyeyi bava [[Uganda]] i Nairobi muri [[Kenya]], aho se wahoze ari ingabo za [[Uganda]] yari yarajyanywe mu bunyage. Umuryango we wasubiye muri [[Uganda]] utura i Kampala. Yagiye ku ishuri ry’incuke rya Safari, Ishuri ry’ababyeyi rya Kampala, Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Gayaza na Makerere College mbere yo gusubira muri [[Kenya]] aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza nkuru y’Amerika yo muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/malaika-nnyanzi-lessons-mother/#:~:text=Kampala%2C%20Uganda%20%7C%20AGNES%20NANTABA%20%7C,with%20Brian%20Mulondo%20on%20KFM.</ref> Muri 2018, ubwo yaganiraga na Crystal Newman kuri show ye ''Crystal 1 Ku ya 1'', Malaika yaje gusohoka ameze nk'uwahohotewe na mugenzi we bakorana kubera igicuri, ikintu yari amaze imyaka irenga icumi yiherereye kandi kimutera kwiheba. <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q794_3o5w04</ref> <ref>https://www.crystalnewman.com/blog/crystal-newman-hosts-malaika-tenshi-crystal-1-on-1</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 5bbeld5uju0hzsgsd5geyi3lorsgimi 0 9762 82087 82072 2022-02-19T03:57:34Z Ladsgroup 2397 Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]]) wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julie Nalujya''' uzwi cyane nka '''Julie Mutesasira''' ni umuririmbyi wa gospel wo muri Kanada uvuka [[Uganda]] uzwi muri Uganda ndetse no muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kubera indirimbo ze nka Nkulembera, Lwana Nabo, Ekikunyumira na Bamuyita Yesu, ubufatanye na Iryn Namubiru . <ref>https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/41425-julie-mutesasira-to-walk-music-journey</ref> <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1327993/mutesasira-looked-cut</ref> Julie yavuye muri [[Uganda]] yimukira muri [[Kanada]] nyuma yo gutandukana n'umugabo we Steven Mutesasira babyarana abana babiri abo bakaba ari Esther na Ezekiyeli, abatsindiye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba Got Talent season 1 2019. <ref>https://ejazzug.com/julie-mutesasiras-esther-ezekiel-win-first-east-africas-got-talent/</ref> <ref>https://chano8.com/singer-julie-mutesasiras-children-impress-at-east-africas-got-talent-with-mature-showcase/</ref> <ref>https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/10/21//</ref> Yabonye igihembo cy’umugore muri GOSPEL song ye ''Saba'' muri 2014 ndetse n’indirimbo nziza y’amadini kubera indirimbo ye Mukama mu 2015 kandi yatorewe kuba Indirimbo nziza y’idini kubera indirimbo ye Kijja Kugwa mu 2016 ku nshuro ya gatatu, iya kane n'iya gatanu HiPipo Ibihembo bya Muzika<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda%E2%80%99s-hipipo-awards-unveil-nominees-2016-edition</ref>. Yatsindiye igihembo cy'indirimbo y'umwaka muri Olive Gospel Music Awards mu 2012<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1309865/exodus-mutesasira-shine-olive-gospel-music-awards</ref> , igihembo cy'umuhanzi w'umwaka muri VIGA Awards 2016<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1415023/levixone-pastor-bugembe-julie-mutesasira-viga-awards</ref><ref>https://chano8.com/levixone-coopy-bly-and-julie-mutesasira-win-top-accolades-at-viga-awards/</ref>, Diva Collabo Award ya Yani, ubufatanye na Iryn Namubiru muri DIVA 2011<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1004138/namubiru-bags-diva-awards</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ewfnn0m08dsvk9u1eoxc9zhdcrm8axf 0 9763 81279 80899 2021-12-17T18:04:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ubwato n'Inyanja''''' ( [[Igiporutigali|Igiporutugali:]] '''''O Navio eo Mar''''' ) ni Filime ya documentaire ya 2019 yanditswe na Lara Sousa, iyobowe na Lara Sousa na Everlane Moraes kandi yakozwe na Lara Sousa na Matheus Mello. <ref name="Sand">https://sandtonchronicle.co.za/lnn/1141451/31-film-projects-across-africa-selected-to-pitch-at-durban-filmmarts-finance-forum</ref> <ref name="Tal">https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/project/profile/235307</ref> == Umusaruro == firime yafotowe kandi ikorerwa muri [[Burezile|Berezile]], [[Mozambike|Mozambique]], [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na [[Esipanye|Espagne]] namasosiyete akora: La Selva, Mosic, Laranjeira Filmes na Kinotop Filmes. Imiterere ya firime iri mumabara, Digital / Digital 5.1, Imiterere ya Dolby Stereo. Umusaruro uracyatezwa imbere. == Umugambi / Icegeranyo == Icyemezo cyafashwe na Everlane na Lara bo muri [[Burezile|Berezile]] na [[Mozambike|Mozambique]], bombi bakaba ari abakora amafilime y’abirabura, kugira ngo berekane indorerwamo bazenguruka igihugu cyabo mu buryo bwambukiranya imipaka, hanyuma bareba filime za buri wese kugira ngo bamenye imico yazimiye mu biranga umwirondoro wabo kumpande zombi kugirango wuzuze icyuho cyabuze. <ref>http://miradasdoc.com/mdoc2019/portfolio_page/o-navio-e-o-mar/?lang=en</ref> == Kwakira == Iyi filime yatoranijwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 11 rya Durban (DIFF 2020) ryabaye hagati ya 10 na 20 Nzeri, kuri interineti, hamwe n’izindi filime zigera kuri 30 nka imwe mu mishinga y’Ihuriro ry’Imari. <ref>http://africultures.com/evenements/?no=49687</ref> <ref>https://ladima.africa/durban-filmmart-institute-announces-2020-durban-filmmart-finance-forum-projects/</ref> <ref>http://www.durbanfilmmart.co.za/DFM-Projects</ref> == Ibihembo == Iyi filime yatsindiye kandi muri Durban FilmMart ya 2020, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime Amashusho Amsterdam (IDFA) Igihembo [[Ubuholandi|cy’Ubuholandi]] . <ref name="ONavio">https://m.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/482/208260.html</ref> <ref>https://www.idfa.nl/en/info/project-award-winners-at-idfa-2020</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] rcc3nqz33mzxxer9j0r6n946kqa3mev 0 9764 81280 80900 2021-12-17T18:09:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danieline Moore Kamya''' numukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Liberiya]] na rwiyemezamirimo . <ref name="biz">https://satisfashionug.com/go-inside-danieline-kamyas-swanky-wedding/</ref> Mu 2007, yabaye Miss Liberia muri USA. Ni n'umuvugizi wa Africa Environment Watch. <ref name="Lov">https://jaguda.com/video/jim-iyke-danielle-moore-crazy-in-love/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yashakanye na Kamya, umufasha we kuva kera kuva 2017. == Umwuga == === Amarushanwa y'ubwiza === Yitabiriye amarushanwa y'ubwiza ya Miss Liberia yo muri Amerika 2006 nka "Miss Maryland" ariko yaje ku mwanya wa kane. Yatsinze irushanwa umwaka ukurikira. === Gukina === Moore yagaragaye muri firime, " ''crazy in love'' ", yakinanye kandi nabakinnyi ba Nollywood nka Jim Iyke Altorro Black na Crystal Milian. Filime yerekanwe bwa mbere i Beltsville, Maryland, muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] . <ref>https://jaguda.com/video/highlights-from-the-red-carpet-nollywood-movie-premiere/</ref> <ref>http://ravepad.com/page/movie-crazy/images/view/14683709/Nouah-Jim-Iyke-Danieline-Moore-on-Red-Carpet-for-Nollywood-Premi</ref> Ibirori byari byitabiriwe nabastar benshi ba Nollywood barimo Ramsey Nouah. <ref>https://www.mail-archive.com/africanbeat@yahoogroups.com/msg00105.html</ref> === Ubucuruzi === Acuruza imitako bambara ; Nalu Couture na Glitz na Nalu, yitiriwe umukobwa we. <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/the-beauty-queen-behind-glitz-by-nalu-1736470</ref> Niwe kandi washinze Cosmetics ya DKM n'umurongo wimyenda ya VIXEN muri [[Liberiya]], kandi ari no mubukorikori bwa kalendari. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe |- | 2010 | ''crazy in love'' |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] p2gnm8ysediyz7u1rxbdvj8b5darpxi 0 9765 81282 80901 2021-12-18T14:57:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bibi Nshimba''' kandi '''Bibi Amosi''' (yavutse Kanama 18, 1976) ni umukinnyi wa filime uvuka [[Kongo|Congo]] ariko utuye American , <ref>http://www.filmtronic.com/reviews/celebrity-list</ref>akaba producer <ref name="Asy">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt10350428/fullcredits/producer?ref_=m_ttfc_4</ref> n'umwanditsi . <ref name="Untra">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7444876/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i7</ref> == Umwuga == Muri serivise za TV zakozwe na Shane Brennan, ''NCIS: Los Angeles'', yasohotse bwa mbere muri 2009 ikagaragara kuri CBS, yagaragaye nka ''Receptiste'' mu gice cya 1, 2014. <ref name="NCIS">http://www.filmtronic.com/reviews/2009/ncis-los-angeles</ref> <ref name="IMDBNCIS">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1378167/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_tt_cl_sc</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yanditse, akora kandi akina muri firime ngufi, ''Ben na Becca'', nka "Rebecca", umunyeshuri w’ubuvuzi ukomoka muri [[Afurika]]. Muri iyi filime kandi hagaragayemo Brian Krause nka "Ben" kandi iyobowe na Victor Alferi. <ref name="IMDBBB">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2178050/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i19</ref> Yagaragaye mu biganiro bya televiziyo 2016 byayobowe na Neil Druckmann na Bruce Straley bise, ''Uncharted 4: end of thief'' , nk'imwe mu "Amajwi y'inyongera". <ref name="Voi">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt3334704/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_ttfc_3</ref> <ref>https://www.listal.com/movie/uncharted-4-thiefs-end/cast</ref> Muri 2018, yafatanije kuyobora filime ngufi yerekana ikinamico, ''Ukwizera nyakuri'', hamwe na Prince Steven Obeni Bottan aho yakinnye nka "Angelica". Abandi bakinnyi barimo Vanessa Bisono, Andrey Bereza na Tito Londole. <ref name="TF">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8510634/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i6</ref> <ref name="TFCC">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8510634/fullcredits/director?ref_=m_ttfc_1</ref> == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Year ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Role ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Notes |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''The American Family The Play'' |Actress (''Barbara Strong'') |Comedy |- |''Alone'' |Actress (''Anna's Friend'') |Short film, Drama, Thriller |- |''Asylum'' |Actress (''Bomenga''); Producer |Short film, Drama |- |''$Dollar$'' |Actress (''Yvonne'' (Adult)) |Short film, Drama |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''True Faith'' |Actress (''Angelica''); Director |Short film, Drama |- |''Undrafted'' |Actress (''Michelle Lundsted''); Producer |Drama |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Untrafficked'' |Actress (''Kenaya''); Writer |Short film, Action, Drama |- |''Rift (VII)'' |Actress (''Nurse'') |Short film, Drama |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Uncharted 4: A Thief's End'' |Additional Voices |Thriller, Drama |- |''Victims of Silence'' |Actress (''Mapendo''); Writer |Short film, Drama |- |''Gubagude Ko'' |Actress (''Malika'' (Uncredited)) |Short film, Drama |- |''Redemption Process'' |Actress (''Receptionist''); Producer |Drama |- |2015 |''Checkmate'' |Actress (''Rachel'' (as Bibi Amos)) |Action, Crime, Thriller |- |2014 |''Only Light'' |Actress (''Laeticia's Mom'' (as Bibi Amos) |Short film, Action, Drama |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |''Ben and Becca'' |Actress (''Rebecca'' (as Bibi Amos)); Writer; Producer |Short film, Drama, Romance |- |''Tragedy of a Mother and Son'' |Actress (''Hostess'' (as Bibi Amos)) |Action, Drama, Family |- |''A Matter of Choice'' |Costume (''Wardrobe'' (as Bibi Amos)) |Short film, Drama, Family |- |2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' |Additional voices (Uncredited) |Action, Biography, Crime |- |2010 |''Oluwa'' |Actress (''Oluwa'' (as Bibi Amos)) |Short film, Drama, Horror |- |2009 |''Illegal Immigrant'' |Actress (''Mercy'' (voice) (as Bibi Amos)) |Short film, Drama |- |2006 |''Splinter Cell: Double Agent'' |Actress (''Voice'' (as Bibi Amos)) |Action, Adventure, Crime |- |2004 |''El padrino'' |Actress (''Prison Visitor'' (Uncredited)) |Action, Crime, Drama |- |2003 |''Bringing Down the House'' |Actress (''Club Goer'' (Uncredited)) |Comedy |} === Urukurikirane rwa Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Urukurikirane rwa TV ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2007 - | ''Mlx'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Armina'' (episode itazwi)) | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo, Ubwoba |- | 2017 | ''RomCon'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Fangirl Rachel'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa TV, Urwenya |- | 2016 - | ''Bull'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Kapiteni Sharice Wellstone'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2016 | ''Ibirori Betchez'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Goer Party'', Igice cya 1, 2016) | Urukurikirane rwa TV (2014-), Urwenya |- | 2009 - | ''NCIS: Los Angeles'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Receptiste'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa TV, Igikorwa, Icyaha, Ikinamico |- | 2003 | ''Imyitozo'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Refuter # 4'' ) | Urukurikirane rwa TV (1997-2004), Ubugizi bwa nabi, Ikinamico, Amayobera |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 2e67ezyuow13jg2lcjdq3nzlkiqyrww 0 9766 80902 2021-11-28T15:32:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1006260170|Jordan Riber]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yorodani Riber''' ni umukinnyi wa filimi kubijyanye no kuziyobora no kuzitunganya muri [[Zimbabwe]] yavukiye [[Tanzaniya]] ,kandi akora nka Screenwriter, Producer, Editor na Sound engineer . <ref name="Bio">https://www.paff.org/films/#!/film/fatuma</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Riber yavukiye mu muryango w'umuhungu John na Louise Riber, bombi niba ari abakora amafilime, akurira i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]] . Igihe kinini yamaranye muma firime no mubikoresho byo kubyara nyuma yo gukura. Yarangije mu 2004 muri Fairhaven College, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], aho yize Filime. <ref>https://alumni.wwu.edu/out-africa</ref> Kuva mu 2005, yari umukinnyi wa firime ukora umwuga wa injeniyeri na injeniyeri y'amajwi i Dar es Salaam, muri [[Tanzaniya]] . == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2012, yayoboye kandi ahindura ''Siri ya Mtungi'', ikiganiro cya televiziyo [[Igiswahili|y’ururimi]] rwigiswahiri cyamasaha nigice, yakinnye na Cathryn Credo, Beatrice Taisamo, Yvonne Cherrie nabandi. <ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/siri-ya-mtungi/oclc/1019443274</ref> Yatorewe ibihembo bya "Televiziyo Nziza - Urwenya / Ikinamico", "Filime Yururimi Kavukire / Urukurikirane rw'igiswahili" hamwe na "Best Sound Editor" mu bihembo bya Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014 (AMVCA). <ref>https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic,183819.msg3875713.html</ref> Muri 2017, yayoboye film, ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Tunu'' . <ref>https://africanstudies.stanford.edu/events/sgs-summer-film-festival-hadithi-za-kumekucha-tunu</ref> Muri 2018, yayoboye, atunganya kandi ahindura filime ye ya kabiri yerekana, ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Fatuma'', yakinnye kandi na Cathryn Credo, Beatrice Taisamo na Ayoub Bombwe . <ref>https://m.chicagoreader.com/chicago/fatuma/Film?oid=72063130</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye kandi akora ''Bahasha (Ibahasha)'', filime yikinamico, irimo Ayoub Bombwe, Godliver Gordian, Omary Mrisho na Cathryn Credo. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8540608/</ref> <ref>https://torontoblackfilm.com/movie/bahasha/</ref> <ref>https://multichoicetalentfactory.com/user/15619</ref> Mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar 2018 (ZIFF) ryatoranijwe ku mugaragaro, ''Bahasha ya Riber niyo filime yatangije'' yerekanwe bwa mbere, hamwe na ''Fatuma'' bashyizwe mu cyiciro cya "Long Feature". <ref>http://www.ziff.or.tz/selection2018/</ref> Muri ibyo bihembo, yabonye ''Umuyobozi'' ''mwiza na Cinematografiya nziza'', mu cyiciro cyihariye cya Sinema. <ref>https://www.africaleadftf.org/2018/08/27/usaid-tanzania-supported-film-kumekucha-fatuma-wins-top-swahili-awards-at-2018-zanzibar-film-festival/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Bahasha (Ibahasha)'' | Umuyobozi, Producer | Ikinamico |- | ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Fatuma'' | Umuyobozi, Producer, Ubwanditsi | Ikinamico |- | 2017 | ''Hadithi za Kumekucha: Tunu (Impano)'' | Umuyobozi, Producer, Ubwanditsi | Ikinamico |- | 2012 | ''Siri ya Mtungi'' | Umuyobozi, Ubwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 | ''Chumo'' | Muhinduzi | Filime ngufi |- | 2009 | ''Mwamba Ngoma'' | Muhinduzi | Inyandiko, Umuziki |- | 2007 | ''Ikiguzi cyurukundo'' | Muhinduzi | Filime ngufi |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori !Prize ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | rowspan="2" | ZIFF |''Best Director'' | We ubwe |- |''Best Cinematography'' | We ubwe |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | rowspan="3" | AMVCA |''Best Television Series - Comedy/drama'' | rowspan="2" | We ubwe kuri ''Siri ya Mtungi'' |- |''Best Indigenous Language Movie/Series Swahili'' |- |''Best Sound Editor'' | We ubwe |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] die2074glbebwudafrm5i47gtcrig8t 0 9767 81286 80903 2021-12-18T16:46:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Memry Savanhu''' (nanone '''Memory Savanhu''' ) ni umukinnyi wa filime wa Nollywood wavukiye muri [[Zimbabwe]], Umukinnyi wa firime na Rwiyemezamirimo, utuye burundu i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]] nyuma yo kwimurwa i Londere mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] . Yatangiye bwa mbere muri filime, ''Intera Hagati'', mu 2008 <ref name="DB">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/05/distance-between.html</ref> kandi kuva icyo gihe, yakinnye mu bintu byinshi bya Nollywood ''One Fine Day'', <ref name="OFD">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2016/05/one-fine-day.html</ref> ''On Bended Knees'' <ref name="OBK">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/08/on-bended-knees.html</ref> na ''76'' . Niwe washinze Memkay Productions, imyambaro yo gutunganya film. <ref name="CW">http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/zambian-author-writes-zim-movie/</ref> <ref name="ZO">https://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/local-film-premieres-in-uk/</ref> <ref name="NR">https://www.naijarules.com/threads/five-upcoming-actresses-to-look-out-for-in-2011.39345/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Bivugwa ko Savanhu yavukiye muri [[Zimbabwe]] ''maze ahishurira ikinyamakuru Guardian'' cyo muri Nijeriya ko akomoka mu bwoko bwa Zezuru. Yize ikinamico i Londres no muri New York Film Academy i Abu Dhabi, [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|UAE]] yize gukora firime . <ref name="Guar">https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/memry-savanhu-from-zimbabwe-with-love/</ref> Muri 2015, yatorewe igihembo cya Zimbabwe International Women Awards (ZIWA) cyabereye i Birmingham mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu Kwakira k'uwo mwaka nk'uko byatangajwe na ''The Herald'' of Zimbabwe. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201509230871.html</ref> Iki gihembo ni icy'uruhare yagize muri Nollywood nk'uko ''Umudugudu w'Urubyiruko ubitangaza'' . <ref>https://youthvillage.co.zw/2015/09/zimbabwean-born-actress-memory-savanhu-makes-it-big-in-nollywood/</ref> == Amashusho == === Filime === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Film ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2016 |''<nowiki/>'76'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Eunice'' ) | Ikinamico, Urukundo |- | 2015 |''One Fine Day'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico, Urukundo |- | 2014 |''Maria's Vision'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Maria'' ) | Urukundo, Ikinamico |- | 2013 |''On Bended Knees'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico |- | 2009 |''Nnenda'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico |- | 2008 |''Distance Between'' | Producer | Urukundo, Ikinamico |} === Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2012 - | ''Catwalq'' (nanone ''Catwalk ya Lagos'' ) | Umukinnyi | Urukurikirane rwa TV, Isabune opera, Ikinamico |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 5vpgx4nupia8gcsyt6ml4nmgpdvp5y2 0 9768 81285 80904 2021-12-18T16:40:41Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jesesi Mungoshi''' (nanone '''''Jesese Mungoshi''''' ) numukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Zimbabwe]]. Yagaragaye bwa mbere mu 1989, muri filime yitwa, ''African Journey'' . <ref name="AJ">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0297706/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i6</ref> == Umwuga == Mu kugaragara hakiri kare, Mungoshi yagaragaye muri verisiyo yo mu 1989 ndetse no mu 1990 yakurikiyeho ibice bibiri bya filime y’umuryango wa televiziyo ya George Bloomfield, ''African Journey'', nayo yakinnye: Jason Blicker, Katja Blomquist, Allan Jordan, Ulla Mahaka n'abandi. Mu 1991, yagaragaye muri filime ya Godwin Mawuru yise ''Neria'', aho yakinnye nka "Neria". Abandi bakinnyi ni Dominic Kanaveli na Violet Ndlovu mubandi. <ref name="Ner">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0107670/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> <ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/neria/</ref>Yagaragaye kandi muri filime ngufi ya 1993 na Farai Sevenzo yise, ''Rwendo'', yakinnye na Yemi Ajibade, Ben Daniels, Eldinah Tshatedi na Frank Windsor . <ref name="Rwe">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0981077/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i2</ref> Muri 2017, yagaragaye muri filime isetsa-y'urukundo, ''Cook Off'', iyobowe na [[Tomas Brickhill]], aho yakinnye nka "Gogo". <ref name="CO">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7981318/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3</ref> <ref>https://www.stylist.co.uk/life/netflix-cook-off-film-review-plot-cast-true-story-movie-news/395241</ref> <ref>https://www.newframe.com/film-review-cook-off/</ref> <ref>https://www.newzimbabwe.com/durban-rising-star-tendai-chitima-and-veteran-jesesi-mungoshi-in-zims-first-post-mugabe-film/</ref> Iyi filime ikaba yarakozwe bwa mbere muri Zimbabwe nyuma y’ubutegetsi burebure bwa Robert Mugabe, yerekanwe bwa mbere mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2019. <ref>https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-166840.html</ref> Mu rwego rwo gushimira uruhare rwe mu nganda za firime [[Zimbabwe]], yahawe igihembo cya Lifetime Achievement Award na Kaminuza Nkuru ya [[Zimbabwe]] muri Gicurasi 2017 i Masvingo . <ref>https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/05/gzu-honours-jesesi-mungoshi/</ref> Filime ya 2020, ''Shaina'', aho afatanije nabandi bakinnyi ba Zimbabwe nka: Marian Kunonga, Charmaine Mujeri nabandi bagaragaye, bakiriwe neza mumahanga. <ref name="Sha">https://www.newzimbabwe.com/us-embassy-praises-zimbabwe-film-production-shaina/</ref> <ref>https://www.usaid.gov/zimbabwe/press-releases/new-movie-%E2%80%9Cshaina%E2%80%9D-delivers-powerful-health-messages</ref> <ref>https://nextvafrica.com/ztv-to-air-new-movie-shaina-in-zimbabwe/</ref> <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202008210268.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2020 | ''Shaina'' | Umukinnyi wa filime (Ambuya) | |- | 2019 | ''Mumenyereye'' | Umukinnyi | Kina |- | 2017 | ''Teka'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Gogo'' ) | Urwenya, Urukundo |- | 1993 | ''Rwendo'' | Umukinnyi | Filime ngufi, Ikinamico |- | 1991 | ''Neria'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Neria'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 1989 na 1990 | ''Urugendo rwo muri Afurika'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Themba'' ) | Filime ya TV, Umuryango |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye / Utanga ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2017 | GZU | ''Igihembo cya Lifetime Achievement Award'' | Wenyine |} == Ubuzima bwite == Yashakanye n'umwanditsi, umukinnyi n'umusizi wa Zimbabwe, Charles Mungoshi, nk'uko ikinyamakuru ''The Zimbabwe Mail'' na ''Uyu ari'' abanyamakuru bo muri Afurika, yapfuye ku ya 16 Gashyantare 2019 i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]] nyuma y'uburwayi yari amaze imyaka 10 afite imyaka 71. Ubukwe bwahiriwe n’abana batanu: Farai, Graham, Nyasha, Charles, na Tsitsi, kandi igihe yapfaga bari bafite abuzukuru barindwi. <ref>https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/author-and-actor-charles-mungoshi-dead-at-71-family-announces/</ref> <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201902190044.html</ref> Abashakanye bari kumwe numuhungu wabo, Farai bose bari gukina film. <ref>https://nehandaradio.com/2015/10/12/charles-mungoshi-does-the-big-screen/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] gksqsb8mfnkicldkrj2az1ejm5ha0zv 0 9769 81284 80905 2021-12-18T16:33:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leila Nakabira''', na '''Leilah Nakabira''' (wavutse 1993) ni umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri [[Uganda]], akaba Umwanditsi wa filimi <ref name="AW">https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20190731-you-dont-need-validation-just-do-it-ugandan-actress-african-womens-day-message</ref> n’umugore uharanira inyungu z'igitsinagore. <ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201902/four-one-one/curvy-sexy-ugandan-women-named-new-tourist-attraction.html?fb_comment_id=2276607449070492_2278647982199772</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Lepa Africa Films akaba yarashinze Leilah Nakabira For Charity Foundation. <ref name="K">https://mbu.ug/2019/11/05/fingers-crossed-leilah-nakabira-kenya-bound-for-lipff-awards/</ref> == Uburezi == Nakabira yize Quantitative Economics muri kaminuza ya Makerere, Kampala, [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ari naho yarangirije. Nyuma yigihe runaka mubikorwa bya firime, yahisemo gusubira kwiga amashusho. <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Jobs-Career/Formal-training-qualifications-add-depth-your-natural-talents/689848-5455320-40g6ka/index.html</ref> == Umwuga == Yakiriye ibihembo bitatu byumukinnyi ''mwiza wa Zahabu (Ikinamico)'', ''Umukinnyi wa'' Zahabu wizewe cyane na ''Golden Discovery Actor'' ibihembo byigihembo cya Golden Movie Awards Africa 2018 (GMAA) cyabaye ku ya 2 kamena, amazina yabatowe yitwa Palaise de la culture, Treichville, Abidjan, [[Kote Divuwari|Côte d'Ivoire]], kubera filime yakinnye yitwa, ''The Forbidden'', yakozwe na Nampala Claire. <ref>https://mbu.ug/2018/05/23/leilah-nakabira-nominated-thrice-in-the-2018-golden-movie-awards/</ref> <ref>https://m.scoopernews.com/2018/05/21/2018-golden-movie-awards-africa-nominations-announced/862362</ref> Mu Zulu Afurika Film Academy Awards (ZAFAA) 2018, arabyuka bahatanira mu ''Best Actor Female'' category kuko filime imwe. <ref>https://doberre.com/ugandan-film-the-forbidden-sweeps-four-nominations-in-uk-based-film-awards-zafaa/</ref> Yari bahatanira na yegukanye ''Best Actress'' igihembo mu Film Festival Awards UDADA y'abagore yabereye ku ya 20 Ukwakira, 2018 muri Kenya kuko filime imwe. <ref>https://mbu.ug/2018/10/22/leilah-nakabira-bags-first-award-at-the-udada-film-festival/</ref> Yari yongeye bahatanira mu ''Best Actress'' category ku African Film Festival (Arta'atu) Awards 2019, kuko filime imwe. Ibirori byabaye ku ya 30 Kamena muri salle ya Moody Performance, 2520 Street Street, Dallas, Texas, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] . <ref>https://glimug.com/leila-nakabira-diana-nabatanzi-nominated-african-film-festival-awards-us/</ref> <ref>https://mbu.ug/2019/07/03/leila-nakabira-and-claire-nampala-win-big-at-taff-awards-in-usa/</ref> Kuko hasigaye film imwe, mu kiyaga cya International Film Festival (LIPFF) Awards yabereye Ugushyingo 6-9, 2019 mu [[Kenya]], yari ku rutonde byiciro bibiri igihembo: ''Best Child bakoze'' na ''Best Actress.'' Mu munsi w’abagore muri Afurika 2019, yagiriye inama abagore kutagira ubwoba bakurikirana intego zabo. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2018 | ''Birabujijwe'' | Umukinnyi | |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori !Prize ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="5" | 2018 | rowspan="3" | GMAA |''Best Golden Actress'' | Wenyine |- |''Golden Most Promising Actor'' | |- |''Golden Discovery Actor'' | |- | UDADA WFF | rowspan="4" |''Best Actress'' | |- | ZAFAA | |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | TIFF | |- | rowspan="2" | LIPFF | |- |''Best Child Performer'' | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 16epzxgpu77mtae66tb1ncjjjuaop8f 0 9770 81283 80906 2021-12-18T15:31:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godliver Gordian''' ni filime yo muri [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref name="TF">https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2016</ref> Ni umwe mu bagize umuryango w’ubutabazi ushingiye i New York, Global Medical Relief Fund, kandi yafashije abarangije muri albino kubona akazi bavugana n’abakoresha mu izina ryabo, hatitawe ku bwoba bujyanye na albinos muri [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref>https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/albinism-health-genetics-society/</ref> == Umwuga == Gordian yari ingenzi cyane muri Jordan Riber 2012 isaha n'igice ya Swahili language TV Series , ''Siri ya Mtungi'', aho yagize uruhare "Cheusi". Muri iyi filime kandi hagaragayemo nka Beatrice Taisamo, Yvonne Cherrie n'abandi. <ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/siri-ya-mtungi/oclc/1019443274</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2551356/?ref_=m_ttfc_tt</ref> Muri 2015, yakinnye cyane muri firime yikinamico yo muri Tanzaniya ya Chande Omar yitwa, ''Aisha'' . <ref>https://www.evasguide.com/east-africa/movies/aisha-tanzania-movie/</ref> <ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.aisha.17220.html</ref> Mu 2016, yari ku rutonde African Film na Arts Festival (Arta'atu) ibihembo mu ''Best Actress'' category, kubera uruhare yagize muri filimi, ''Aisha.'' Kuko uruhare kimwe no film, yari ku rutonde kuko Azam Bongo Movie Awards mu ''Best Actress'' category ku 2016 Zanzibar International Film Festival (ZIFF), <ref>https://africultures.com/evenements/?no=41938</ref> <ref>https://cineequal.org/3950-ziff-2016-award-winners/</ref> bikaba yatsindiye. <ref>https://www.filmcontact.com/news/tanzania/east-african-films-dominate-ziff-2016-awards</ref> Yagaragaye kandi muri filime yo gusetsa-ikinamico ya 2016 na Seko Shamte yitwa, ''Gutaha'' . <ref>https://media.dream13.com/homecoming-2016/</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5116212/</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wa casting muri 2017 yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi byamafirime yo mu bwoko bwa Tanzania y’igiswahili yakozwe na Amil Shivji yise, ''T-JUNCTION'', yakinnye: Magdalena Christopher, Hawa Alisa (Hawa Ally), Cojack Chilo. <ref>https://www.kijiweniproductions.com/films/tjunction</ref> <ref>http://www.spla.pro/file.film.t-junction.20117.html</ref> Muri 2018, yakinnye muri filime y’ikinamico y’ururimi rw’igiswahili ya Jordan Riber, ''Bahasha (Ibahasha)'', aho yakinnye nka ''Hidaya'' . Izindi nyenyeri zigaragara zirimo Ayoub Bombwe na Godliver Gordian. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8540608/</ref> <ref>https://torontoblackfilm.com/movie/bahasha/</ref> Yagaragaye kandi muri ''Binti'' ya Seko Shamte, filime ikinamico yo muri Tanzaniya iteganijwe gusohoka mu 2021. Yakinnye nka "Roza". <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt11867140/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2021 | ''Binti'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Rose'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2018 | ''Bahasha (Ibahasha)'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Zawadi'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2017 | ''T-Ihuriro'' | Umuyobozi wa Casting | Ikinamico |- | 2016 | ''Gutaha'' | Umukinnyi | Urwenya |- | 2015 | ''Aisha'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Aisha'' ) | Ikinamico |- | 2012 | ''Siri ya Mtungi'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Cheusi'' ) | Urukurikirane rugufi rwa TV; Ikinamico |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Event ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 |The African Film Festival | rowspan="2" | ''Umukinnyi mwiza'' | rowspan="2" | Aisha |- |Zanzibar International Film Festival |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0uuf8oc2nkuv1e7aqfuyr0yjo9tlzg0 0 9771 81288 80907 2021-12-19T07:19:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marwa Zein ni''' umunya [[Sudani]] ukora ibintu byinshi harimo umuyobozi wa firime , umwanditsi wumwanditsi hamwe nuwatunganya film . Niwe mwanditsi wa documentaire ya 2019, ''Khartoum Offside'', akaba n'umwunganira uburenganzira bw'umugore binyuze mu mirimo ye. <ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/new-york-african-film-festival-goes-virtual-with-streaming-rivers-the-past-into-the-present/</ref> <ref>https://actfilmfest.colostate.edu/films/khartoum-offside/</ref> Niwe washinze ORE Production, isosiyete ikora firime ya Khartoum ishingiye kuri Khartoum akaba n'umwe mu bakinnyi ba firime barindwi batoranijwe baturutse hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo yitabe iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019 n'ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Emerging Film Talent Association (IEFTA). <ref name="Can">https://www.iefta.org/seven-filmmakers-to-attend-cannes-2019/</ref> == Umwuga == Ku mushinga we wo gutanga impamyabumenyi, Zein yanditse, ayobora kandi akora filime ngufi ya documentaire, ''A Game'', mu 2009, ihindurwa mu ndimi eshanu kandi itangwa nk'umuntu watoranijwe ku mugaragaro mu minsi mikuru mpuzamahanga 30. mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Dubai 2016 (DIFF), film ye ngufi, a week'', two days'', yakinnye na Yasmin Raies na Amro Saleh, <ref>https://cinando.com/en/Film/one_week_two_days_341027/Detail</ref> yerekanwe bwa mbere. <ref>http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/245240/Arts--Culture/Film/-Egyptian-film-One-Week-Two-Days-to-compete-in-th-.aspx</ref> Yagaragaye no mu bindi birori bitandukanye bya firime. <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2019-women-directors-meet-marwa-zein-khartoum-offside/</ref> Mu gutunganya iyi filime, yamaganye imyifatire mibi ya guverinoma ya Sudani ku ruhare rw’abagore mu gukina filime. <ref>https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/NEW-YORK-AFRICAN-AMERICAN-FILM-FESTIVAL-Goes-Virtual-Dec-2-20201119</ref> Nubwo atigeze ahura n’umubiri ku buryo butaziguye mu gihe cyo gukora iyi filime, yakiriye iterabwoba rya kamera cyangwa ibikoresho bishoboka ko byangirika. <ref name="Q">https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200218-the-worlds-most-fearless-filmmakers</ref> <ref>https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/</ref> <ref>https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum</ref> Amaherezo ariko, yabonye uruhushya rukenewe rwo gufata iyi firime. Nyuma y’impinduka za politiki zazanywe n’impinduramatwara ya [[Sudani]] yo muri 2018/19, iyi filime yerekanwe ubwo hafungurwaga iserukiramuco rya sinema ryigenga rya Sudani i Khartoum muri Mutarama 2020. <ref>https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''Khartoum Offside'' | Umuyobozi, Producer, Umwanditsi | Inyandiko ya siporo |- | 2016 | ''a week,two days'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi | Filime ngufi, Ikinamico |- | 2015 | ''Umukunzi ashobora kuba iki?'' | Umuyobozi, Producer | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |- | 2013 | culture to everyone | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |- | 2009 | ''a game'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, bafatanya gukora | Filime ngufi, Ikinamico |- | 2008 | ''Randa Shaath'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, Producer | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2020 | ASA | ''2020 Igihembo cya Filime ASA'' | rowspan="4" | Wenyine, kuri Khartoum Offside |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | AMAA | rowspan="3" | ''Inyandiko nziza'' |- | CFF |- | Berlinale |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ega6rghzkx5v3jgaos0qd9160sdkt5z 0 9772 81289 80908 2021-12-19T07:39:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 correction wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khartoum Offsid'''e ni filime ya documentaire ya siporo yo muri [[Sudani]] ya 2019 yibanda ku bakobwa bakiri bato muri [[Sudani]], yakozwe, yanditswe kandi iyobowe n’umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Sudani]] Marwa Zein<ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2019/02_programm_2019/02_filmdatenblatt_2019_201914803.html#tab=filmStills</ref>. Yerekanwe ku isi yose mu ihuriro rya Berlinale rya 2019 mu [[Budage]] kandi ni imwe muri filime eshatu zizwi cyane zo muri Sudani zo muri 2019.<ref>https://www.mediasupport.org/the-future-of-football-in-sudan-is-also-female/</ref><ref>https://en.qantara.de/content/berlinale-2019-marwa-zeins-khartoum-offside-football-film-and-freedom-in-sudan</ref> nkubutumwa bukuru kuri documentaire. <ref name="Z">https://www.dardishi.com/events/2020/4/10/khartouoffside</ref> <ref name="Q">https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200218-the-worlds-most-fearless-filmmakers</ref> == Umusaruro == Byatwaye Zein imyaka ine yo gukora iyi documentaire. Bitewe n’imyumvire mibi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’umugore muri Sudani mbere y’impinduramatwara ya Sudani yo muri 2018/19, Zein ntabwo yigeze ahura n’umubiri, ahubwo yakiriwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Sudani bwo gusenya kamera. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, film yafatiwe ahitwa Khartoum, muri [[Sudani]], ikorwa na Marwa Zein muri ORE Productions na Hendrik Underbjerg kuri Stray Dog Productions, Copenhagen, [[Danimarike|Danemark]] na Oslo, [[Noruveje]] . == Inkuru n'amateka == Hamwe n’icyemezo gikomeye, itsinda ry’abakobwa bakiri bato i Khartoum bagiye gukina umupira wamaguru wabigize umwuga, kubera ko leta y’abasilamu bo muri Sudani yabujijwe. N’ubwo Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira wamaguru mu gihugu ryakira amafaranga ya FIFA yagenewe amakipe y’abagore, iyi kipe ikomeje guhezwa. Ariko, hariho urumuri rwicyizere, mugihe amatora mumashyirahamwe yerekana ko bishoboka kuvugurura sisitemu yose. Nubutwari nubutwari, barwanira kumenyekana kumugaragaro nkikipe yumupira wamaguru yabategarugori ya Sudani, bahanganye cyane nintego zabo. <ref>https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/</ref> <ref>https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/06/19/7-beautiful-films-by-afro-arab-filmmakers-you-need-to-watch/</ref> Kapiteni Sara (Sara Jubara), umukirisitu ukiri muto, wavukiye mu majyaruguru ya Sudani, yerekana imitekerereze ya rwiyemezamirimo, kandi ashakisha imishinga y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo inzozi zabo zibe impamo, ubwo akoranya ikipe ya Sudani mu gikombe cy’isi cy’abagore . Usibye gukenera gushaka inkunga, hari ibibazo byingenzi byabaturage bagomba guhura nabyo. <ref name="Berlin">https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlinale-2019-israel-takes-prize-sudan-scores-double</ref> Mu kiganiro cye 'Gerageza kuba umugore ukina umupira w'amaguru muri Sudani', umunyeshuri Steve Howard yanditse kuri iyi filime ati: "Abakinnyi b'umupira w'amaguru ni itsinda rivanze n'Abanyasudani na Sudani y'Amajyepfo ese abagore bakorera mu mibereho nk'abakozi bashinzwe kwita ku nyubako, abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye, abadandaza., na Bisa. Abanyamuryango barimo abagore bo mu misozi ya Nuba, akarere gakandamijwe cyane hafi y’amajyaruguru yumupaka mushya. Kandi mu byo bahanganye harimo imbaraga z'abagize itsinda rya Sudani y'Amajyepfo imbaraga zo kuguma muri [[Sudani]], aho ubu bakeneye uruhushya rwo gutura nyuma yo gutandukana kwa Sudani zombi mu 2011. " <ref>https://africasacountry.com/2019/10/girl-joy-on-a-football-pitch-in-sudan</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Elham Balatone nka Elham * Nedal Fadlallah nka Henda * Fatma Gaddal nka Gaddal * Sara Jubara nka Kapiteni Sara * Halah Zakariya nka Halah == Kurekura no kwakirwa neza == ''Nk’uko IMDb'' ibitangaza ngo iyi filime yasohotse ku ya 13 Gashyantare 2019. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9221304/</ref> Bukeye bwaho, yerekanwe muri Forum <ref>https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2019/02_programm_2019/02_filmdatenblatt_2019_201914803.html#tab=filmStills</ref> y'Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Berlin, <ref name="Ber">https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum</ref> nyuma iza no muyindi minsi mikuru, nka Visions du Réel mu Busuwisi, CPH: DOX Copenhagen,Sheffield Doc / Fest na IDFA Amsterdam. <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2019-women-directors-meet-marwa-zein-khartoum-offside/</ref> Yerekanwe kandi mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya documentaire rya Hot Docs ryo ku ya 26 Mata 2019. <ref>https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2019-women-directors-meet-marwa-zein-khartoum-offside/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe kuri interineti ibinyujije kuri Zoom hamwe n'indi filime y'abagore b'Abanyafurika n'Abarabu yitwa ''The Bleaching Syndrome'' (2020), mu [[Icyarabu|Cyarabu]] ifite [[Icyongereza|insanganyamatsiko y'icyongereza]], na Dardishi ku ya 24 Ukwakira 2020. I Khartoum, yerekanwe bwa mbere mu gufungura iserukiramuco rya sinema ryigenga rya Sudani muri Mutarama 2020. <ref>https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903</ref> Akimara kwerekanwa bwa mbere i Berlin, uwanenze amafilime Vladan Petković yise ''"inyandiko ishishikaje, ikora ku mutima kandi rimwe na rimwe, ibisigo byerekana ibisigo"'' <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/368041/</ref> maze Joseph Fahim yandika mu isubiramo rye kuri Berlinale 2019: ''"Ubushake bukomeye, bwisanzuye kandi bwisanzuye kandi bukabije. yigenga, umupira w'amaguru wa Zein urwanya imyumvire nyamukuru y'abagore bo muri Sudani. "'' <ref>http://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/berlinale-2019-israel-takes-prize-sudan-scores-double</ref> Mu gihe cyo kwerekanwa mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Afurika ryabereye i New York mu Kuboza 2020, ku rubuga rwa YouTube, ikiganiro kijyanye no gukora documentaire hagati ya Marwa Zein n’umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Sudani n’umunyamerika Sarra Idriss <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/sarra-idris/</ref> <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AhDPog2uoc</ref> Muri iki kiganiro, Zein yasobanuye intera ndende ya documentaire ze:''I wanted to tackle many aspects about being Sudanese...Are we Arabs or not? Are we still classified based on the colour of our skin, the last name of our family? – Sexuality, the political situation, inequality of women and men, religion – all of this, I wanted to tell a story about.'' == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2020 | ASA | ''2020 Igihembo cya Filime ASA'' | rowspan="4" | Marwa Zein |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | AMAA | rowspan="3" | ''Inyandiko nziza'' |- | CFF |- | Berlinale |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] fdi9rtqedltmg1i7r59he2je0twbq6b 0 9773 80909 2021-11-28T19:15:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056840676|Toka McBaror]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toka McBaror''' ni producer wa filimi n'indirimbo muri Nigeria, , <ref>https://m.guardian.ng/tag/blossom-chukwujekwu/</ref> <ref>http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lotanna-somkhele-iyamah-adesua-etomi-adunni-ade-attend-old-school-themed-premiere-id6503121.html</ref> ndetse ajya akora nk'Umuyobozi wa filimi na music video <ref>https://tooxclusive.com/teni-power-rangers-prod-by-jaysynths-new-song/</ref> <ref>https://acceleratetv.com/under-the-sky-with-praise/</ref> yavutse, yazuye na ishingiye mu Kaduna, Kaduna Leta, [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] ariko ukomoka Delta State . Afatwa na benshi nka jack na shobuja wamayeri yose yo gukora firime nubucuruzi. Ibihembo byinshi byatsindiye, byabyaye umusaruro kandi bigamije ubuhanga bwo guhanga udushya, umutoza wo gukina amafilime akaba n'umujyanama mu bijyanye no gutunganya amafilime, McBaror avugwa cyane nka Encyclopedia of Filmmaking hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi kuri kitty ye, harimo no gutanga ibihembo kuri " Kada River " muri 2018 ''Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival'' mu canada, <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/nollywood-travel-film-festival-movies/</ref> 6 igihembo imikino kuko filime, Lotanna harimo: ''"Best Film",'' ''"Best Director",'' ''"Best Cinematography",'' ''"Best Art Director",'' ''"Best Costume"'' no " ''Umwanditsi mwiza w'ijwi'' " muri ibihembo bya zahabu ya 2017 . <ref>https://www.sagagist.com.ng/2017/07/nollywood-director-toka-mcbaror-bags.html?m=1</ref> Agomba kandi ibihembo bye, "Filime Nziza Nyafurika" na "Umuyobozi mwiza wa Nollywood" kuva mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mpuzamahanga rya Nollywood 2018, TINFF, ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. <ref>https://thenationalreporterng.com/nigerian-movie-the-island-wins-best-african-film-award-at-2018-tinff/</ref> muri firime, Ikirwa, yongera gutorwa mu byiciro bya " ''Cinematografi Nziza'' " na " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' " mu bihembo bya ZAFAA Global Awards, kubera filime ye ya Lotanna 2017. <ref>http://www.ghafla.com/gh/ghana-earns-14-nominations-2018-film-awards-london/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2011, Mcbaror yayoboye umuririmbyi wo muri Nijeriya, amashusho y'indirimbo ya J'odie, " ''Kuchi Kuchi'' (Oh Baby)". <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/02/new-video-jodie-kuchi-kuchi-oh-baby/</ref> Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 10 Gashyantare 2017, yayoboye filime "Umugore wa Blogger", yasohotse muri sinema zo muri Nijeriya. Iyi filime yakozwe na Seun Oloketuyi, igaragaramo abakinnyi ba Nollywood ndetse nabakinnyi nka Segun Arinze, Adejumoke Aderounmu, Deyemi Okanlawon, Ijeoma Grace Agu na Adeniyi Johnson. Muri 2017, filime "Kada River " yakozwe na we yatorewe igihembo mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Nollywood ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. Mu bihembo bya Golden Movie 2017, yatowe mu byiciro bitandatu, birimo: " ''Filime Nziza'' ", " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' ", " ''Sinema nziza'' ", " ''Umuyobozi w’ubuhanzi bwiza'' ", ''"Imyambarire myiza'' ", " ''Umwanditsi mwiza w’amajwi'' ". Muri Kanama 2018, filime yayoboye yise " Ikirwa " yahawe "Filime Nziza Nyafurika" na we ubwe, "Umuyobozi wa Nollywood Nziza" mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mpuzamahanga rya Nollywood, TINFF, ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. Muri Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime, " Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons " ya Ayo Makun, umunyarwenya uzwi cyane wo muri Nijeriya. Yongeye gutorwa mu byiciro bya " ''Cinematografi Nziza'' " na " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' " muri ZAFAA Global Awards, kubera filime ye, Lotanna 2017. Muri 2019, yasohoye igikorwa cyicyaha cya TV cyitwa, ''Paper Boat'' . Mu ntangiriro za 2020, yayoboye filime ya mbere y’umwaka yitwa Lilian Afegbai ''yise "Imirongo ibiri'' ". <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/02/lily-afe-double-strings-trailer/</ref> Nyuma ku ya 22 Gashyantare mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru i [[Abuja]], yatangaje ko hagiye gukorerwa filime nshya ye yise ''Red Caravan'', azayobora kandi afatanyirize hamwe, hamwe n’ikiguzi cya N61&nbsp;miliyoni, kandi agomba kurasirwa muri Leta ya Kaduna . Filime yibanze ku gicuri kandi yashyizweho mu myaka ya 1880, mugihe ubucuruzi bwabacakara bwateye imbere kandi bugomba gukinishwa nabakinnyi nabakinnyi bagera kuri 600. Mu gihe cya Covid-19, McBaror yasohoye urubuga rwa firime ngufi zitwa, ''The Chronicles'', zigamije gukwirakwiza abaturage ku ndwara ya Coronavirus . <ref>https://nollywoodinsider.com/toka-mcbaror-the-chronicle-short-film/</ref> By 2021, we mbere kugerageza ku n'ikinya movie umusaruro, filimi yise ''uhindishwa ubuzima Hano'' yari trailer yayo mugaragaro kurekurwa mu Mutarama <ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/23/mcbarors-creepy-lives-here-is-fearful/</ref> <ref>https://naija.yafri.ca/toka-mcbaror-taps-into-claustrophobic-dread-in-trailer-for-horror-film-creepy-lives-here/</ref> Star Afeez Oyetoro, Nancy Isime, Bimbo Ademoye ex Big Brother Naija (season 3) housemate Temidayo Adenibuyan bita Teddy A, Beverly Osu, na Mike Godson. Muri Gashyantare twabonye bwa mbere kuri Filime ya ''Underbelly'' <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/02/toka-mcbaror-underbelly-teaser/</ref> ikinamo ibikorwa bya Nollywood nka Stan Nze, Femi Adebayo, Ali Nuhu, Maryam Booth na Kunle Coker. == Amashusho == === Umuziki === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Umuhanzi ! Uruhare |- | 2011 | ''Kuchi Kuchi'' (Oh Baby) | J'odie | umuyobozi |- | 2019 | ''Abashinzwe imbaraga'' | Teni_ (umuririmbyi) | umuyobozi |- | 2020 | ''Munsi y'Ijuru'' | Dushimire | umuyobozi |} === Filime === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 |''Underbelly'' | umuyobozi |- |''Creepy Lives Here'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 |''Double Strings'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 |''Paper Boat'' | umuyobozi |- |''The Millions'' | umuyobozi |- |''[[:en:Made_in_Heaven_(2019_film)|Made in Heaven]]'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 |''Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons'' | umuyobozi |- |''The Island'' | umuyobozi |- |''[[:en:Kada_River|Kada River]]'' | umuyobozi •<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> bafatanije |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 |''Lotanna'' | umuyobozi |- |''Blogger's Wife'' | umuyobozi |- | 2015 |''Ikogosi'' | umuyobozi •<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> uwatanze umusaruro |- | 2014 |''Cubweb Tomorrow'' | umuyobozi |} === Urubuga / Urubuga rwa TV === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 |''The Chronicles'' | umuyobozi |} == Ibihembo & nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | rowspan="2" | ZAFAA | Sinema nziza | rowspan="3" | We ubwe |- | Umuyobozi mwiza |- | TINFF | Umuyobozi mwiza wa Nollywood |- | rowspan="6" | 2017 | rowspan="6" | GMA | Filime nziza | ''Lotanna'' |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | rowspan="3" | We ubwe (kuri ''Lotanna'' ) |- | Amashusho meza ya Sinema |- | Umuyobozi wubuhanzi bwiza |- | Imyambarire myiza | ''Lotanna'' |- | Umwanditsi mwiza wijwi | We ubwe |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 2nnmhyx3f5rdaqb8je2nglekpl7g0zu 0 9774 80910 2021-11-28T19:27:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1048568852|Meg Otanwa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meg Otanwa''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Gashyantare) ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Nigeriya]] kandi wahoze ari umunyamabanki . Yavuze ko akunda indimi kandi bivugwa ko avuga bitanu neza. Yatangiye gukinira Nollywood muri 2011 muri filime, ''Nzatwara Amahirwe yanjye'' kandi yari yagaragaye muri firime nka ''1 Ukwakira'' (2018), ''Ojuju'' (2014), ''Kpians: Umunsi mukuru w'ubugingo'' (2014) n'abandi benshi. <ref name="Lang">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/meg-otanwa-actress-banker-nollywood/</ref> Yabaye igicapo cyo mu Gushyingo 2006 cya Zen Magazine. <ref name="Zen">https://www.allthingsankara.com/2016/11/magazine-nollywood-actress-meg-otanwa-for-zen-magazine-november-2016.html</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Otanwa ukomoka kuvuga karere Idoma ya Benue Leta, [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]], <ref name="Zen">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJean2016">Jean, Nikki Billie (November 12, 2016). [https://www.allthingsankara.com/2016/11/magazine-nollywood-actress-meg-otanwa-for-zen-magazine-november-2016.html "Magazine: Nollywood Actress Meg Otanwa for Zen Magazine November 2016"]. All Things Ankara<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> gukura igice mu Lagos . Akomoka mu muryango ufite abagore benshi kandi avuga indimi eshanu zirimo Icyongereza, Yoruba, [[Igifaransa]], [[Igihawusa|Hausa]], ururimi rwe kavukire Idoma na [[Icyesipanyole|Espagne]] . Yahawe impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Ahmadu Bello, muri Zariya aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu [[Icyongereza|rurimi rw'icyongereza]], hanyuma akomeza kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gucunga abakozi muri kaminuza ya TIME, Tuniziya, [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]], nyuma yaho, aba Master of Business Administration impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Jean Moulin, Lyon, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] . <ref name="Guardian">https://m.guardian.ng/guardian-woman/meg-otanwa-passionate-and-creative/</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yakoze mu kiringo kirekire ku Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere, Tunis, [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]], Otanwa yeguye kandi atora umwuga mu gukora, gufata we Nollywood gukinira mu 2011, featuring mu kubyina drama film by Emem Isong, ''I’ll Take My Chance'' . Muri 2014, yakinnye muri filime ya Kunle Afolayan, ku ya 1 Ukwakira ; mu rukurikirane rw'amakinamico ya Bodunrin Sasore, ''Mbere ya 30'', yakinnye nka "Aisha"; no muri firime ya Charles Novia '', Atlanta'' . Yakinnye muri Afrika Magic 2016 ya mbere ya telenovela '', Hush'' ya Nollywood, nka "Koko Ogunbiade". Hagaragaye kandi Richard Mofe Damijo, Thelma Okoduwa na Rotimi Adelegan. <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/04/03/nollywoods-finest-gather-to-launch-africa-magics-telenovela-hush/</ref> <ref>https://www.nigeriacommunicationsweek.com.ng/africa-magic-debuts-telenovela-hush/?PageSpeed=noscript</ref> <ref>http://encomium.ng/nollywoods-finest-gather-to-launch-africa-magics-telenovela-hush/</ref> Yahawe igihembo muri Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2017 kugirango abone ''Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu'' cyiciro cya Drama ndetse nigihembo cyo kumenyekanisha AMVCA kubera serivise y'umwimerere MNET yatsindiye, kubera uruhare yagize muri thriller telenovela, ''Hush'' . <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/amvca-winner-meg-otanwa-actress/</ref> <ref>https://africamagic.dstv.com/news/amvca-2017-complete-winners-list</ref> <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/03/04/amvca-2017-rita-dominic-shines-wins-best-actress-africa/</ref> Uyu mukinnyi w'amafilime kandi yari yitabiriye kuri tapi itukura y'ibirori bya 2018. <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/meg-otanwa-suffers-wardrobe-malfunction-on-amvca-2018-red-carpet/</ref> <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/225233-76-rita-dominic-win-big-amvca2017-award.html</ref> Muri filime ya Tosin Igho 2018 yise, ''Eva'', yakinnye nka "Yewande", akina nabakinnyi nabakinnyi nka Beverly Naya, Hauwa Allhabura, John Okafor nabandi. <ref name="Eve">https://leadership.ng/beverly-naya-hauwa-allhabura-mr-ibu-others-in-hilarious-the-eve/?amp=1</ref> <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8984208/?ref_=m_nm_knf_act_i4</ref> Muri filime ya 2020, ''Kuri Maria Ebun Pataki'', iyobowe na Damilola Orimogunje, yakinnye nka "Derin". <ref>http://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/tbb-talks-to-damilola-orimogunje-director-of-for-maria-ebun-pataki/</ref> Yari featured nk'uko "Angela" mu Dimeji Ajibola wa sci-fi thriller, ''Ratnik'', ngo kurekurwa Ukuboza 1, 2020 na featuring Osas Ighodaro, Karibi Fubara, Pawulo Utomi n'abandi. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5518714/</ref> <ref name="Rat">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/10/coming-soon-ratnik.html</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2021 |''Loving Rona'' | Umukinnyi wa filime (Rona Adams) | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Ratnik'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Angela'' ) | Sci-fi |- |''For Maria Ebun Pataki'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Derin'' ) | Ikinamico |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 |''Payday'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Kimberley'' ) | Urwenya |- |''The Eve'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Yewande'' ) | Ikinamico y'urukundo |- |''Knockout Blessing'' | Umukinnyi | Igikorwa, Urwenya, Urwenya |- | 2016 - 2017 |''Hush'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Koko Ogunbiade'' ) | Telenovela; Urukurikirane rwa televiziyo |- | 2015 - ubungubu |''Before 30'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Aisha'' ) | Urukurikirane rw'ikinamico |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 |''Road to Yesterday'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Tomiwa'' ) | Urukundo, Ikinamico, Igitangaza |- |''Doll House'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Yemisi'' ) | Ikinamico |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 |''October 1'' | Umukinnyi ( ''Yejide'' ) | Thriller |- |''Kpians: The Feast of Souls'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Jane'' ) | Igikorwa, Ubwoba |- |''Ojuju'' | Umukinnyi wa filime ( ''Alero'' ) | Biteye ubwoba |- | 2011 | ''Nzakoresha amahirwe yanjye'' | Umukinnyi | Ikinamico yo kubyina |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2017 | AMVCA | ''Umukinnyi mwiza muri Drama'' | Wenyine |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] oqm85i2b9yzuz7e60214ngz2kj77lfi 0 9775 80911 2021-11-28T19:34:20Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1031076150|Plan B (2019 film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Plan B''''' ni filime yo gusetsa y’urukundo ya [[Kenya]] na [[Nigeriya]] yasohotse 2019 <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/showbiz/plan-b-a-hilarious-kenyan-love-tale-with-a-twist-138498</ref> yanditswe, iyobowe kandi ikosorwa nuwakoze firime ya Nigeriya, Lowladee. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo umukinnyi wa filime ukomoka muri Kenya akaba na producer Sarah Hassan, [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]], hamwe n’umukinnyi wa [[Nigeriya]] Daniel Etim Effiong bakinnye. <ref name="B">https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/</ref> <ref name="P">https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/01/watch-trailer-for-lowladees-new-film-plan-b-on-bn/</ref> Iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo '''cyiza cya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba''' muri Afurika ya Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards (AMVCAs). <ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_3118</ref> == Umusaruro == Iyi filime yakozwe na Lowladee ku bufatanye na Alfajiri Productions, uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa muri Kenya. <ref name="P" /> == Umugambi == Gutandukana na Ethan we (Lenana Kariba), Lisa Waweru ( Sarah Hassan ) yagiye kunywa mu kabari, ahahurira n'umugabo udasanzwe. Guhagarara ijoro rimwe hamwe n’umuntu utazi maze aratwita. Nyuma y'amezi atanu, umunyamurwango wacitse, Lisa, yamenye ko umugabo atwite ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Nigeriya muri Afrika yuburasirazuba akwirakwiza [[Nairobi|isosiyete ishingiye kuri Nairobi]], Dele Coker ( Daniel Etim Effiong ). Kuruhande rwinshuti ye, Joyce ( [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] ), gahunda nziza yageze kugirango Dele asabe inshingano zo gutwita. Iyi gahunda igomba rwose guhinduka ubuzima burambye kuri bose. <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html</ref> <ref name="NTV">https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/showbiz/plan-b-a-hilarious-kenyan-love-tale-with-a-twist-138498</ref> <ref>https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Sarah Hassan nka ''Lisa'' * [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] nka ''Joyce'' * Daniel Etim Effiong nka ''Dele Coker'' * Lenana Kariba nka ''Ethan'' * Justin Mirichi nk'umunyamategeko wa ''Dele'' * Chantelle Naisola nka ''Mumbi'' * Zarhaa Kassam nka ''Sara'' * Maina wa Ndungu nka ''Muganga'' * Mary Gacheri nka ''nyirakuru wa Lisa'' * Ihangane Baraka nkumukobwa wa ''Dele'' * Silas Ambani nka ''PA ya Dele'' * Tracy Amadi nkumukozi wa ''Boutique'' == Kurekura == Filime yasohotse ku munsi w'abakundana, ku wa gatanu 14 Gashyantare 2019. <ref>https://filmlinkafrica.com/2019/01/18/upcoming-kenyan-film-plan-b/</ref> Yerekanwe kuri NTV (Kenya) ijoro ryabanjirije gusohoka kwisi. <ref>https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/kenyan-movie-plan-b-set-to-premier-a-day-before-valentines/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ef4hyh69by8ih5whavvfr3jpwiq9aph 0 9776 80912 2021-11-28T19:56:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053967627|15th Africa Movie Academy Awards]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Mu '''2019 Africa Movie Academy Awards''' umuhango wabaye ku cyumweru 27 Ukwakira 2019 ijoro ritazibagirana kuri Event Centre muri Lagos, [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] . Ibirori byamenyekanye kandi bihesha icyubahiro indashyikirwa mu bayobozi, abakinnyi, n'abanditsi mu bijyanye na firime. Ijoro ryo gutanga ibihembo ryakiriwe na Kemi Lala Akindoju, Lorenzo Menakaya na Funnybone. Nyuma yo kwakira inyandiko zigera kuri 700 zatanzwe hagati yitariki ya 21 Ukwakira 2018 na 26 Mutarama 2019, abateguye ibirori batangaje abatoranijwe ku ya 19 Nzeri 2019. ''Umuhungu wo Gutanga'' no ''kudoda imbeho kuruhu rwanjye'' yayoboye hamwe nomination 13 buriwese mugihe ''[[The Burial of Kojo|Gushyingura Kojo]]'' na ''Redemption'' byakurikiranye na 10 buri umwe. ''Impuhwe z'ishyamba'' zatsindiye mu byiciro bya Filime Nziza, Ibyagezweho mu Gushushanya Imyambarire, Ibyagezweho muri Makiya n'umukinnyi mwiza mu mwanya wa mbere . Politiki ishimishije ''King of Boys'' yatwaye ibihembo bitatu muri iryo joro rimwe, harimo ibihembo byumukinnyi witwaye neza mu nshingano zunganira, umukinnyi wa filime mwiza, ndetse na Filime nziza yo muri Nigeriya . {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Film ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Director |- | valign="top" | * '''''The Mercy of the Jungle'' – Rwanda''' * ''[[Rafiki]]'' – Kenya * ''The Delivery Boy'' – Nigeria * ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' – South Africa * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' – South Africa * ''Redemption'' – Mozambique * ''King of Boys'' – Nigeria * ''[[Urgent (film)|Urgent]]'' – Morocco | valign="top" | * '''Jahmil X.T. Qubeka – ''Sew the Winter to My Skin''''' * Wanuri Kahiu – ''[[Rafiki]]'' * Adekunle Adejuyigbe – ''The Delivery Boy'' * Daryne Joshua – ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' * Kemi Adetiba – ''King of Boys'' * [[Mohcine Besri]] – ''[[Urgent (film)|Urgent]]'' * Mickey Fonseca – ''Redemption'' * Joël Karekezi – ''The Mercy of the Jungle'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actor in a Leading Role ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actress in a Leading Role |- | valign="top" | * '''Marc Zinga – ''The Mercy of the Jungle''''' * Gabriel Afolayan – ''Gold Statue'' * Joseph Otsiman – ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] – ''Lara and the Beat'' * Jimmy Jean-Louis – ''Rattlesnakes'' * Gil Alexandre – ''Redemption'' * Ezra Mabengeza – ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * Ayoub Bombwe – ''Fatuma'' | valign="top" | * '''Sola Sobowale – ''King of Boys''''' * Sheila Munyiva – ''[[Rafiki]]'' * Rita Dominic – ''Light in the Dark'' * Jill Levenberg – ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' * Beatrice Taisamo – ''Fatuma'' * Seyi Shay – ''Lara and the Beat'' * Jemima Osunde – ''The Delivery Boy'' * Samantha Mugatsia – ''[[Rafiki]]'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actor in a Supporting Role ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actress in a Supporting Role |- | valign="top" | * '''Jarrid Geduld – ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story''''' * Reminisce – ''King of Boys'' * Zolisa Xaluva – ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * Akah Nnani – ''Banana Island Ghost'' * Kanayo O. Kanayo – ''Up North'' * Kobina Amissah-Sam – ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * Bucci Franklin – ''Knockout Blessing'' | valign="top" | * '''Adesua Etomi – ''King of Boys''''' * Joke Silva – ''Light in the Dark'' * Eniola Shobayo – ''Knockout Blessing'' * Linda Ejiofor – ''Knockout Blessing'' * Kandyse McClure – ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * Arlete Bombe - ''Redemption'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Costume Design ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Makeup |- | valign="top" | * '''''The Mercy of the Jungle''''' * ''Lara and the Beat'' * ''[[Rafiki]]'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''King of Boys'' * ''[[Urgent (film)|Urgent (2018 film)]]'' * ''Mabata Bata'' * ''Light in the Dark'' | valign="top" | * '''''The Mercy of the Jungle''''' * ''Make Room'' * ''Gold Statue'' * ''Veronica's Wish'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * ''Before the Vows'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Cinematography ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Production Design |- | valign="top" | * '''''Sew the Winter to My Skin''''' * ''Mabata Bata'' * ''Mother, I Am Suffocating. This Is My Last Film About You'' * ''Redemption'' * ''[[Rafiki]]'' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' | valign="top" | * '''''Redemption''''' * ''[[Rafiki]]'' * ''[[Urgent (film)|Urgent]]'' * ''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * ''The Mercy of the Jungle'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Editing ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Achievement in Screenplay |- | valign="top" | * '''''[[Rafiki]]''''' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * ''The Last Victims'' * ''Gold Statue'' * ''Diamond in the Sky'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''The Mercy of the Jungle'' | valign="top" | * '''''Redemption''''' * ''The Last Victims'' * ''[[Rafiki]]'' * ''The God Statue'' * ''Diamond in the Sky'' * ''Lara and the Beat'' * ''Up North'' * ''The Delivery Boy'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Film in An African Language ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Nigerian Film |- | valign="top" | * '''''[[Rafiki]]'''''– Kenya * ''Make Room'' – Nigeria * ''Mabata Bata'' – Mozambique * ''[[Azali (film)|Azali]]'' – Ghana * ''Bahasha (The Envelope)'' – Tanzania | valign="top" | * '''''King of Boys''''' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''Up North'' * ''Lara and the Beat'' * ''Knockout Blessing'' * ''Gold Statue'' * ''Makeroom'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Short Film ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Animation |- | valign="top" | * '''''A Tune of Kora''''' – Senegal * ''The Fisherman'' – Ghana * ''ICYASHA'' – Rwanda * ''Mma Moeketsi'' – South Africa * ''NAMOW2018'' – Kenya * ''Vagabond'' – Ghana * ''Measure of a Woman'' – South Africa * ''Motswakwa'' – Botswana * ''Tonight’s Opening Act'' – Egypt * ''Hello Rain'' – Nigeria | valign="top" | * '''''Choices''''' – Nigeria * ''Afrogames'' – Burkina Faso * ''Isolated'' – Kenya * ''Kitwana Journey'' – Kenya |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Documentary ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Film by an African Living Abroad |- | valign="top" | * '''''Khartoum Offside''''' – Sudan * ''Le loups d'or de Balole'' – Burkina Faso * ''Sur Les Traces de Mamani Abdoulaye'' – Niger * ''[[No Gold for Kalsaka]]'' – Burkina Faso * ''Mother, I Am Suffocating. This Is My Last Film About You'' – Lesotho * ''Skin'' – Nigeria * ''Golden Fish, African Fish'' – Senegal * ''Djambar, Sembene the Unsubmissive'' – Cameroon * ''The State Against Mandela'' – South Africa | valign="top" | * '''''Julius Amedume''''' – ''Rattlesnakes'' * Tosin Coker – ''Lara and the Beat'' * Robert O. Peters – ''Makeroom'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Diaspora Short Film ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Diaspora Documentary |- | valign="top" | * '''''Bail''''' – United Kingdom * ''Oath Bound'' – United Kingdom * ''Fevah'' – USA * ''I Am Superman'' – Brazil | valign="top" | * '''''My Friend Fela'' – Brazil''' * ''Wax Print 1 FABRIC, 4 continent'' – United Kingdom * ''Drugs as Weapons Against Us'' – USA * ''Dare to Dream'' – USA/Cuba * ''The Guardian of No Return'' – Guadalope |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Diaspora Feature ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Soundtrack |- | valign="top" | * '''''Hero – Trinidad and Tobago/Canada''''' * ''Traffik'' – USA * ''Olympia'' – USA * ''Sprinter'' – Jamaica * ''Nine Nights'' – United Kingdom | valign="top" | * '''''Mabata Bata''''' * ''Subira'' * ''Farewell Ella Bella'' * ''Redemption'' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''Lara and the Beat'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''The Mercy of the Jungle'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Visual Effects ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Sound |- | valign="top" | * '''''The Delivery Boy''''' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' * ''Make Room'' * ''Knockout Blessing'' * ''Mabata Bata'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * ''King of Boys'' | valign="top" | * '''''Mabata Bata''''' * ''[[Urgent (film)|Urgent]]'' * ''Redemption'' * ''Make Room'' * ''The Last Victim'' * ''The Delivery Boy'' * ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' * ''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Most Promising Actor ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best First Feature Film by a Director |- | valign="top" | * '''Cynthia Dankwa – ''[[The Burial of Kojo]]''''' * Catherine Credo – ''Fatuma'' * Youssef Alaoui – ''Urgent'' * Angel Onyinyechi Unigwe – ''Light in the Dark'' * Emilio Bilo – ''Mabata Bata'' * Jamma Ibrahim – ''The Delivery Boy'' | valign="top" | * '''''[[The Burial of Kojo]]'' – Blitz Bazawule – Ghana''' * ''The Delivery Boy'' – Adekunle Adejuyigbe – Nigeria * ''Subira'' – Sippy Chadha – Tanzania * ''Before the Vows'' – Nicole Amarteifio – Ghana |} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] czbxxlgpv0pzg7bstznu0mj9djx0z9e 0 9777 80914 2021-11-28T20:01:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1019301916|Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iserukiramuco du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga''' ( '''FCAK''' ) cyangwa '''iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika i Khouribga''' ni iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika ryabereye i Khouribga muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] . Ryashinzwe mu 1977, <ref name="Carter2009">https://books.google.com/books?id=PByNqtLQo8QC&pg=PA130</ref> ni rimwe mu minsi mikuru ya firime ya kera kandi ikomeye muri [[Maroc]]. <ref name="Gugler2011">https://books.google.com/books?id=UQ9zsiRnQQMC&pg=PA326</ref> <ref name="Shafto">Sally Shafto, [https://www.africanfilmny.org/2014/it-all-began-in-khouribga-the-15th-festival-du-cinema-africain-de-khouribga/ It all began in Khouribga: the 15th Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga], ''Senses of Cinema'', No. 64 (September 2012). Republished online, [[African Film Festival, Inc.]], 2014. Accessed 25 November 2019.</ref> == Amateka == Kuva mu 1967, club ya sinema yariho muri Khouribga, ifite abanyamuryango 200 bakora kandi berekanwa buri cyumweru. Mu 1977, iyobowe na Noureddine Saïl, ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’amafirime ya sinema muri Maroc (FNCCM) ryafashije gutunganya '''Rencontres Cinematographiques de Khouribga''' . Ikipe ya sinema yaho yemeje ko ikomeza kubaho. Kubera ko inganda zikomeye za Khouribga ari Ubucukuzi bwa fosifate, iyi club yabonye inkunga mu biro bya Fosifati. Iyobowe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wa Sinema ya gatatu, club ya sinema yemeje ko iserukiramuco ryibanze kuri Afurika . <ref name="Carter2009" /> Inama ya gatatu ya '''Afurika ya Film ya Khouribga''' yabaye kuva ku ya 2–9 Mata 1988. Hateganijwe ingengo y’imari 900.000 (amafaranga 630.000), ubutumire bwahawe abenegihugu 100 n’abanyamahanga bagera kuri 30 baturutse mu bihugu by’abarabu, Uburayi na Afurika. Abaminisitiri bane ba guverinoma bitabiriye iryo funguro rikomeye, kandi abitabiriye nibura 50.000 bareba firime zo mu bihugu 14. Inama ya kane yabaye ku ya 17-24 Werurwe 1990. Inama ya gatandatu yabaye kuva ku ya 26 Werurwe kugeza ku ya 2 Mata 1994. <ref>''FESPACI News: Newsletter of the African Film-maker'', 1994, pp.12, 14</ref> Kuva mu 2004 FCAK iyobowe na Fondasiyo, Nourddine Saïl aba Perezida na Lahoussaine N'douf nk'umuyobozi mukuru. <ref name="Shafto">Sally Shafto, [https://www.africanfilmny.org/2014/it-all-began-in-khouribga-the-15th-festival-du-cinema-africain-de-khouribga/ It all began in Khouribga: the 15th Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga], ''Senses of Cinema'', No. 64 (September 2012). Republished online, [[African Film Festival, Inc.]], 2014. Accessed 25 November 2019.</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] mzqbsrswrk3yziptytqyhjda8uetg0j 0 9778 80915 2021-11-28T20:16:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1007873647|Cinema of Botswana]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Amateka ya '''Sinema ya Botswana''' (cyangwa '''sinema muri Botswana''' ) agizwe no gukora film mu gihugu cya [[Botswana]] muri Afrika yepfo, haba mbere na nyuma ya [[Botswana]] . Sinema ya Botswana ni imwe muri sinema nyinshi zo muri Afurika zirimo na sinema z'igihugu cya [[Bene|Bénin]], Misiri, [[Kenya]], [[Nijeriya]] na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], n'ibindi. Inganda za firime zaho muri Botswana ziswe "Botswood" na bamwe, <ref name="balancingact-africa">https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast_en/15186/botswood-sees-film-production-start-to-blossom-in-botswana</ref> bisa nuburyo uruganda rwamafirime rwitwa "Bollywood ", umunya Nigeriya " Nollywood ", naho umunyamerika " Hollywood ". == Amateka ya mbere == Nk’uko umuhanga mu by'amateka Neil Parsons abivuga, kopi ya mbere izwiho kurokoka ya firime yanditswe muri Botswana guhera mu 1906 na 1907. <ref name="thuto">http://www.thuto.org/ubh/cinema/bots-cinema-studies.htm#first-fifty</ref> Ku bwe, isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa Londere mu Bwongereza ifitwe n’umugabo witwa Charlie Urban yohereje kamera kugira ngo bafate amashusho yerekeranye n’urugendo rwa gari ya moshi ya Bechuanaland i Victoria Falls, urugendo rwa gari ya moshi rwanyuze mu karere k’igihugu cya Botswana muri iki gihe. Umunyamerika witwa Rudolf Pöch ukomoka muri [[Ositiriya|Otirishiya]] yaje kuza akora urukurikirane rwa firime ngufi mu gihugu cya Afurika, cyarimo amajwi n'amabara kandi kigaragaza umusaza w'imyaka mirongo itandatu, Kubi . Parsons yafataga Kubi "umustar wa mbere wa Botswana". <ref name="thuto" /> Mu 1912, Umunyamerika uzwi ku izina rya W. Butcher yabonye uruhushya rwo kujya mu burasirazuba bwa [[Botswana]] gufata amashusho y'urugendo rw'abasirikare ba Bangwato; ibi byabereye mu mujyi wa Serowe . Kuva mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose kugeza mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibihangano bya firime bya Botswana byiganjemo documentaire zivuga ku baturage bo mu karere ka [[Botswana]] y'iburengerazuba ndetse n'amakuru yerekeye ibintu bibera mu burasirazuba. Bivugwa ko, Umukinnyi wa mbere wa Filime ukomoka muri Botswana yari umugabo witwa Molefi Pilane, <ref name="wordpress">https://southernafricancinema.wordpress.com/2014/06/12/267/</ref> umuturage waho, umutware w’amoko bivugwa ko yanditse abagore boga bakoresheje kamera ntoya. Umugore uzwi ku izina rya "Miss Muichison" yafashe amashusho yerekana amasaha agera kuri abiri, asobanura imikorere ya African Auxiliary Pioneers Corps ; ibice bibiri bizwi ko bizarokoka naho icya gatatu gikekwa ko kiriho muri Botswana. <ref name="wordpress" /> Filime yitwa Bechuanaland Protectorate yakozwe mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose kandi ikaba ifitanye isano n'abasirikare ba APC basubiye mu rugo baturutse muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru nyuma yo gutsinda urugendo rwo gusubira muri Botswana. Muri firime hagaragaramo umutware wimiryango Bathoen II . Umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo , Bill Lewis yaje mu karere ka Botswana mu 1947 gufata amashusho y’uruzinduko rwa cyami mu murima abasirikare ba APC bari. <ref name="thuto2">http://www.thuto.org/ubh/cinema/bots-cinema-studies.htm</ref> Umunyamerika Tom Larson nawe yaje mu mpera za 1940; yafashe amashusho ya documentaire ebyiri, imwe yiswe " Abakora imvura ya Okavango " yasohotse mu 1948. <ref name="thuto3">http://www.thuto.org/ubh/cinema/bots-cinema-studies.htm#locust</ref> == 1950 kugeza 1960 == Umunyapolitiki waho, uzaba Perezida wa mbere wa [[Botswana]] Seretse Khama Umwirabura, yashakanye na Ruth Williams Khama, Umuzungu ukomoka mu Bwongereza, mu 1948, bituma Botswana yitabwaho n’amahanga kubera amategeko ya Apartheid yo mu karere; ibi byatumye amasosiyete menshi atunganya firime akora movietone reels kubashakanye. Ibigo byafashe amashusho biranga Paramount Pictures hamwe namakuru yisi yose . Filime zerekeye aba couple zakomeje gukorwa neza nyuma yo kuva muri Botswana gutura mubuhungiro. 1953 yabonye umusaruro " Remmants mu isiganwa badapfuye ", yakozwe na Molepolole utuye Louis Knobel, a White umuntu wakoraga kuko Afurika y'Epfo Serivisi z'amakuru . Iyi filime irambuye ubuzima bwabaturage ba San batuye mubutayu bwa Kalahari, burimo igice cya Botswana. Yakozwe munsi yizina rya "Kalahari Films" kandi imara iminota 17. <ref name="thuto.org">http://www.thuto.org/ubh/cinema/bots-cinema-studies.htm</ref> " Abahigi ", filime yo mu 1957 yakozwe n’umunyamerika John Marshall na yo yerekanaga ku bantu batuye i Kalahari, kimwe n’ikiganiro cya BBC, " Isi Yatakaye ya Kalahari ", cyerekanwe naLaurens van der Post wakiriye Afurika y'Epfo. Igitaramo cyo muri Amerika " Mugenzi wa Omaha's Wild Kingdom " nacyo cyaje gukina amashusho hirya no hino muri Botswana mu myaka ya za 1960. Botswana yabonye ubwigenge mu 1966, <ref name="oxfordbibliographies">https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199846733/obo-9780199846733-0110.xml</ref> izana impinduka muri politiki, imibereho myiza n’umuco muri ako karere, harimo n’uburyo amafilime yakozwe ndetse akanatezwa imbere mu gihugu gishya cya Afurika. == Amateka ya vuba == Mu 1980, John Marshall yafashe amashusho yandi mashusho menshi ya Botswana ajyanye na Botswana, " Nǃai, Inkuru y Umugore wumugore ", kubyerekeye urugamba rwa a ! Umugore wa Kung, N! Ai, washakanye ku gahato afite imyaka umunani n'umuvuzi wimiryango. Urwenya rwo mu 1981, "The Gods Must Be Crazy " rwashyizwe muri Botswana maze ruba icyamamare mpuzamahanga; ryakwirakwije umwe mu bakozi batatu ndetse n’ibice bitatu bitemewe: 1988 " The Gods Must Be Crazy II " nayo yakunzwe cyane, filime zombi zituma umukinnyi wa Namibiya Nǃxau ǂToma azwi cyane muri firime, naho " Crazy Safari " yo mu 1991 niyo yambere mubikurikiranye bitatu bitemewe. byakozwe na societe ya firime ikorera muri [[Hongo Kongo|Hong Kong]] yitwa Orange Sky Golden Harvest, nayo yakinnye na Nǃxau ǂToma. Abandi bombi ba nyuma, "Umusazi muri Hong Kong" (1993) na "Imana igomba gusetsa mubushinwa" (1995) ntabwo bafatiwe amashusho muri Botswana. 2000 yakozwe na Disney""Whispers: An Elephant's Tale " yafatiwe amashusho muri Botswana, yakinwe na Angela Bassett wamamaye muri Hollywood. Nyuma yaho, muri 2009, muri Botswana ibice bya firime ya M. Saravanan yo mu rurimi rwa Tamil, " Ayan (film) " byafashwe amajwi. [[A United Kingdom|"Ubwongereza]] " bwamamaye cyane, buvuga ku nkuru y'urukundo nyarwo rwa Seretse Khama na Ruth Williams, yafashwe amashusho igice hagati ya [[Botswana]] na [[Ubwongereza|London, Ubwongereza]] maze isohoka ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2016. == Amasosiyete ya sinema == Botswana ifite amasosiyete menshi ya sinema na sinema, harimo na New Capitol Cinemas <ref name="newcapitolcinema">http://www.newcapitolcinema.co.bw/</ref> na Gaborone Cine Centre . <ref name="cinematreasures">http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/botswana/gaborone</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qb7w8x2hwsb6rz58zvp8j05bkp2g6zx 0 9779 80917 2021-11-29T09:29:34Z Kellyk55 10328 Created page with "== Gloria kamanzi uwizera == Gloria kamanzi uwizera ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari we washinze '''Glo creations Ltd''' ndetse akaba n'umunyamuryango wa Women Entrepreneurship programme(AWEP Rwanda)<ref>http://m.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/uwizera-washinze-glo-creations-afite-inzozi-zo-kugira-uruganda-rukora-ibitenge</ref> . == Umwuga == Gloria kamanzi uwizera yatangije Glo creations Ltd muri 2008 iherereye mu Kiyovu, aho akora imyambaro..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Gloria kamanzi uwizera == Gloria kamanzi uwizera ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari we washinze '''Glo creations Ltd''' ndetse akaba n'umunyamuryango wa Women Entrepreneurship programme(AWEP Rwanda)<ref>http://m.igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/uwizera-washinze-glo-creations-afite-inzozi-zo-kugira-uruganda-rukora-ibitenge</ref> . == Umwuga == Gloria kamanzi uwizera yatangije Glo creations Ltd muri 2008 iherereye mu Kiyovu, aho akora imyambaro n'imitako yo mu nzu<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref>. Yifashisha batik akaba ari uburyo akoresha akora ibihangano bye akoresheje amaboko<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref>. == Reba == <references /> 036d1x4grltxgxkqjnbwsj9uucemkfx 0 9780 80919 2021-11-29T17:05:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/995138680|Motlatsi Mafatshe]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Motlatsi Mafatshe''' (wavutse 1984), ni umukinnyi wa filimi n'umucuranzi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]]. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-31-isidingos-motlatsi-i-dont-earn-enough-to-live-the-fab-life-of-a-celeb/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime zizwi cyane za ''Leta'' ''yihohoterwa'', Sokhulu na ''Partners II'' na ''Zama Zama'' . Usibye gukina, ni n'umucuranzi uzwi cyane wakoze inshuro zirenga 400. <ref name="citizen">https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/your-life-entertainment-your-life/entertainment-celebrities/1984154/getting-to-know-isidingos-motlatsi-mafatshe/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1984 i Soweto, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] mu muryango wa politiki. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-10-19-isidingos-motlatsi-on-being-judged-for-coming-from-ekasi-it-doesnt-make-me-uneducated/</ref> Yashakanye na Millicent Nkangane, umunyamideli kuva mu Gushyingo 2014. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2017-10-04-motlatsi-mafatshes-wife-thank-you-for-making-sure-im-the-best/</ref> Bahuriye bwa mbere mu rusengero. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-02-14-v-day--heres-how-isidingos-motlatsi--his-wifey-keep-the-flame-alive/</ref> == Umwuga == Yakinnye 'Sechaba' ku isabune izwi cyane ya SABC 3 ''Isidingo'' muri 2010. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-01-17-motlatsi-mafatshe-says-actors-found-out-about-isidingo-chop-on-twitter/</ref> Amaze gukina imyaka irenga icyenda, yaje kwinjira kumugaragaro mu itsinda ryayobora iki gitaramo muri 2018. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-10-15-motlatsi-mafatshe-on-becoming-a-isidingo-director-im-more-than-just-sechaba/</ref> <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2020-04-11-what-motlatsi-mafatshes-doing-after-isidingo-he-wont-give-up-on-directing-dream/</ref> Muri 2019, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu bakinnyi ba mbere muri Royalty Soapie Awards. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/isidingos-motlatsi-mafatshe-on-playing-sechaba-moloi-for-over-9-years-20190430</ref> Yakinnye kandi nka 'Wandile Dhlomo' mu ikinamico y'umupira w'amaguru ''Shooting Stars'' . Hanyuma yagaragaye afite uruhare 'Casper' murukurikirane ''Iyo Twari Umwirabura'' . Muri 2018, yafatanije gukora romcom ''Love Lives Here'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/motlatsi-mafatshe-the-actor-turned-producer-20180308</ref> Ku ya 3 Gashyantare 2006, yibasiwe n'umuhanzi wa hip hop Thulani Ngcobo uzwi ku izina rya 'Pitch Black Afro' mu birori bya mbere bya Afurika y'Epfo kuri televiziyo ya ''Tsotsi'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 | ''Elalini'' | Mose | Video ngufi |- | 2007 | ''Iyo Twari Abirabura'' | Casper | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 | ''Abavandimwe mu ntwaro: 1978'' | Dalgado | Filime |- | 2008 | ''uGugu no Andile'' | Mxolisi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Ishyamba kumutima'' | David Kagona | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Isidingo'' | Sechaba | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Ihohoterwa'' | Chappies | Filime |- | 2011 | ''Sokhulu n'abafatanyabikorwa II'' | Litha Zwane | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 | ''Otelo Gutwika'' | Icyuma | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Gog 'Helen'' | Umuhungu | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Zama Zama'' | Benyamini | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Lobola ya Fanie Fourie'' | Mandla | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Abasore b'abaseribateri'' | Kanda | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 | ''Zaziwa'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 | ''Madamu Iburyo Umusore'' | Kopi yimodoka | Filime |- | 2018 | ''Emoyeni'' | | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2020 | ''Nigute wasenya Noheri, Ubukwe'' | Mike Brad Pars | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] 5hsvtysj8jfyh5p3wel303fs2b78782 0 9781 80920 2021-11-29T17:09:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1027498723|Khulu Skenjana]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mkhulu Malusi Manqoba Skenjana''' (yavutse 6 Mata 1982), uzwi '''Khulu Skenjana,''' ni umukinnyi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/68163-jafta-mamabolo-bio-age-wife-tv-shows-movies-nominations-profile.html</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''Machine Gun Preacher'', ''Zulu'' na ''Zama Zama'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Mata 1982 i Soweto, muri Afurika y'Epfo.  Yashakanye na mugenzi we bakina filime Mona Monyane . Bashakanye muri 2016 bamarana imyaka ine hamwe nabana babiri. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2020-03-10-mona-monyane-khulu-skenjana-part-ways-after-four-years-of-marriage/</ref> Umwana we wa kabiri Amani-Amaza Wamazulu Skenjana yavutse ku ya 16 Ugushyingo 2017 apfa nyuma y'iminsi irindwi avutse. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/actress-mona-monyane-reflects-on-losing-her-second-child-we-still-miss-our-little-maza-20190624</ref> Umukobwa we w'imfura ni Ase-Ahadi Lesemole Mamphai Skenjana wavutse muri Kanama 2016. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/mona-monyane-and-khulu-skenjana-separate-the-battles-we-have-met-have-been-difficult-to-overcome-together-20200306</ref> == Umwuga == Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000 yatangiye gukina abashyitsi batagaragara muri serivise za tereviziyo nka ''Ahantu hitwa Urugo'', ''Binnelanders'' na ''Generations'' . Hagati aho, yagaragaye muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''All Access Mzansi'' maze ahindura nk'umuhanzi w'ijwi. Hanyuma yagaragaye muri serial ''Entabeni'' akina 'Kumkani Modise'. <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=8201</ref> Muri 2008, yakinnye nka 'Mandla' muri mini-serie ya ''Nowa'' kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza Kanama. Muri uwo mwaka, yagize uruhare rukomeye muri NBC ya ''The Philanthropist'' . Maze mu 2010, we yagize uruhare 'Dawidi Tabane' mu ''biganiro yimije Game.'' Hagati aho, yagaragaye afite uruhare rwa 'Thomas' mu rukurikirane rwa ''Hola Mpinji'' . Yagaragaye kandi muri ''serivise nyinshi zizwi nka'' ''Sokhulu & Partners'', ''Rhythm City'', ''Hola Mpinji'', ''A Place Called Home'' and ''Jozi-H'' . <ref name="tvsa" /> Mu mwaka wa 2011, yatangiye gukina filime afite uruhare 'Max' muri filime ''48'' . Muri uwo mwaka, yagaragaye muri filime ''Machine Gun Preacher'' . Muri 2013, yakinnye cyane 'Themba' muri film ''Zulu'' . Muri uwo mwaka, yinjiye muri saison ya kabiri ya ''Intersexions'' hanyuma muri ''Tempy Pushas'' . === Televiziyo === * ''Ahantu hitwa Urugo'' nkinyenyeri * ''Byose Kubona Mzansi nkijwi'' hejuru yumuhanzi * ''Binnelanders'' nkumushyitsi winyenyeri * ''Hindura Hasi'' Ijwi Rirenze * ''Entabeni'' nka Kumkani Modise * ''Erfsondes'' nka Stanley * ''Yaguye'' nka S'bu Majola * ''Ibisekuruza'' nkinyenyeri * ''Gukoporora Bikomeye'' nka Malume Joe * ''Hola Mpinji!'' nka Tomasi * ''Kurera'' nka Sezari * ''Guhuza'' nka Montsho * ''Isono: Icyaha'' nka Gazati * ''Biragoye'' nka Diliza * ''Umusaraba wa Yakobo'' nka Mr Black * ''Jozi'' nkumushyitsi * ''Gufunga'' nka Mamba * ''Matatiele'' nkumusore wubwubatsi * ''Isanduku ya Nowa'' nka Mandla * ''Guyz wenyine'' nka James * ''Sokhulu & Abafatanyabikorwa nkinyenyeri'' * ''Tempy Pushas'' nka Zenzele Zembe * ''Isaha ya Bantu'' nkumunyamuryango wa Cast * ''Dock'' nkumushyitsi winyenyeri * ''Umukino wo Guhuza'' nka David Tabane * ''Umuyobozi'' nka Jabu Isaacs * ''Umugiraneza'' nka Serija * ''uSkroef noSexy'' nka Ntelezi * ''Zabalaza'' nka Ntsika == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 |''Hola Mpinji'' | Thomas | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2011 |''48'' | Icyiza | Filime |- | 2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' | Abakuze bigometse # 1 | Filime |- | 2012 |''Zama Zama'' | Manto | Filime |- | 2013 |''[[:en:Zulu_(2013_film)|Zulu]]'' | Themba | Filime |- | 2015 |''Matatiele'' | Umusore wubwubatsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''The Hangman'' | Mfundisi Mdlethse | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 |''Stillborn'' | Ngqhundululu Hacker | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 |''Knuckle City'' | Umwanya-Jaw | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 5ivqaogjnmegjy35jsu80rfs8fni5bp 0 9782 80921 2021-11-29T17:15:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1040443820|Louw Venter]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louw Venter''' (yavutse ku ya 16 Kanama 1975), ni Umukinnyi wa firime wo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa firime. <ref>https://halal.amsterdam/people/louw-venter/</ref> ''Azwi cyane mubuyobozi'' bwe no kwandika muri firime zizwi cyane ''Igiti'', Konfetti na ''Swartwater'' . == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 16 Kanama 1975 i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo. == Umwuga == Mu 2001, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime na ''Final Solution'' aho yagize uruhare ruto nk 'umunyamuryango wa Paramilitary. Mu 2002, yakinnye 'Marco' muri filime yo mu Butaliyani ''The Piano Player'' iyobowe na Jean-Pierre Roux. Mu 2003, yakinnye muri firime ebyiri: ''Adrenaline'' na ''Citizen Verdict'' . Usibye gukina, ni n'umwanditsi w'inyandiko wanditse filime yatsindiye ibihembo bya ''Konfetti'' yayobowe na Zaheer Goodman-Bhyat . Usibye ibyo, yari umwanditsi wa ''serivise za tereviziyo: Rugby Motors'' na ''Vinkel & Koljander'' . Muri 2015, yerekanwe bwa mbere na firime ngufi ''Leemte'' . Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa firime, yakoze televiziyo ''Vinkel & Koljander'' muri 2016. Muri 2016, yamenyekanye cyane muri firime ''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'',, yari ishingiye ku nkuru y'impamo. Muri filime, yakinnye uruhare rwa 'Van Heerden'. Filime yagenze neza kandi itangwa mubirori byinshi bya firime. Venter yakoze kandi urwenya hamwe na mugenzi we wo gusetsa muri Afurika yepfo Rob Van Vuuren. Bombi bagaragaye nk'abantu bavugwa Corne (Venter) na Twakkie (Van Vuuren) murukurikirane rwa videwo ya YouTube <ref>https://www.youtube.com/user/CorneTwakkie/</ref> na gahunda yitwa ''The Amazing Show'' . Venter yakinnye kandi murumuna wa Van Vuuren muri comedi ya ''Van der Merwe'' muri 2017. Muri 2020, yayoboye kandi yandika filime ye ya mbere yitwa ''Stam'' yasohotse kuri BoxOffice ya DStv mu Kwakira. <ref>https://springsadvertiser.co.za/248487/stam-is-a-uniquely-afrikaans-film-new-louw-venter-film-shows-we-are-all-connected/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi yose mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Durban muri Nzeri 2020. Yerekanwe kandi muri 18 ya Tofifest International Film Festival 2020 muri Polonye. <ref>https://newsofafrica.org/south-african-film-stam-chosen-to-compete-in-the-18th-annual-film-festival.html</ref> <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/movies/news/sa-film-stam-chosen-to-compete-in-polish-film-festival-ea0cb7f5-f8d7-4787-a712-b6619caa79e6</ref> <ref>https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/sa-tv-film/stam-south-african-film-tofifest/</ref> Iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Afurika yepfo mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Durban 2020 (DIFF). <ref>https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/482/208511.html</ref> <ref>http://www.gautengfilm.org.za/2019-news-2/283-september/1944-louw-venter-s-stam-the-tree-wins-best-sa-film-at-diff</ref> == Igice cya Firime == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2007 |''Big Fellas'' | Bullseye | Filime |- | 2012 |''Semi-Soet'' | Hertjie Greyling | Filime |- | 2016 |''Die Boekklub'' | Altus | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Vinkel & Koljander'' | Erik Combrink | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'' | Van Heerden | Filime |- | 2016 |''The Discovery of Fire'' | Umugabo | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 |''Twee Grade van Moord'' | Jan Rademeyer | Filime |- | 2016 |''Hotel'' | Charlie Hobo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''Hoener met die Rooi Skoene'' | Kapiteni Hendrik Greyling | Filime |- | 2017 |''Kampterrein'' | Jan Fouché | Filime |- | 2017 |''Van der Merwe'' | Willem van der Merwe | Filime |- | 2018 |''Swartwater'' | Francois le Roux | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''Kloof'' | | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 |''Swaaibraai'' | Anton | Filime ngufi |- | TBD |''Indemnity'' | Ernst Viljoen | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] e4z2sf074f3q9h1b6hobq4hsaazatbg 0 9783 80922 2021-11-29T17:40:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1039789399|Thabo Rametsi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thabo Andrew Rametsi II''' (yavutse 17 Nyakanga 1988), azwi nka '''Thabo Rametsi,''' ni umukinnyi wa firime na producer muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serial zizwi cyane''The Giver'', ''The Gamechangers'' and ''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu''<ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17622</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Nyakanga 1988 i Umlazi, KwaZulu-Natal, Afurika y'Epfo. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri Kempton Park yiga mu ishuri ribanza rya Norkem Park nyuma yiga mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Norkem. Mu gihe cy’ishuri, yateje imbere ubuhanga bwe bwo gukina, anakina amatangazo yamamaza kuri tereviziyo. <ref name="kemptonexpress">https://kemptonexpress.co.za/297179/thabo-rametsi-talks-about-life-as-an-actor/</ref> Nyuma yaje kurangiza impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri UNISA. <ref name="afternoon">https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/thabo-andrew-rametsi/2839</ref> Muri Mutarama 2019, ngo yaba yarahohotewe n'itsinda ry'abanyamuryango ba Johannesburg's Community Policing Forum (CPF). <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-01-09-kalushi-actor-thabo-rametsi-beaten-up-in-joburg-cbd/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2010, yakoze ibihuje gukinira na SABC1 gukina amarushanwa series ''ishuri Act.'' Hanyuma muri 2011, yakinnye nka 'David' muri serivise ya ''Wild at Heart'' . Mu mwaka wa 2012, yatangiye gukina sinema na ''Lobola ya Fanie Fourie'' akina 'Motlatsi. Yagaragaye kandi kuri televiziyo nka ''High Rollers'' nk'impfubyi 'Muzi Khuzwayo' mu 2013. Muri 2014, yagize uruhare mu bashyitsi mu kiganiro cya televiziyo mpuzamahanga izwi cyane mu ''gihugu'' . Nyuma yaje gukina filime ya tereviziyo ''The Gamechangers'' anakina nk'umwicanyi ruharwa ' Devin Moore ' ari kumwe n'abakinnyi mpuzamahanga bazwi cyane Daniel Radcliffe na Bill Paxton . Muri 2016, yamenyekanye cyane muri firime yerekana ''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'', yari ishingiye ku nkuru y'impamo. <ref>https://www.vukuzenzele.gov.za/mahlangus-life-through-eyes-rametsi</ref> Muri iyo filime, yakinnye cyane ' Solomon Kalushi Mahlangu ', wishwe na guverinoma ya apartheid afite imyaka 23. Muri Nzeri 2016, yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza kubera uru ruhare mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya BRICS mu Buhinde. <ref name="afternoon" /> Muri 2017, yakinnye nk'umunyamakuru ushinzwe iperereza 'Tebogo Ramolang' mu gihembwe cya kane cya televiziyo ''Hard Copy'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2011 |''Wild at Heart'' | Dawidi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Fanie Fourie's Lobola'' | Motlatsi | Filime |- | 2014 |''The Giver'' | Robbie | Filime |- | 2014 |''Homeland'' | Bryce | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''The Gamechangers'' | Devin Moore | Filime ya TV |- | 2016 |''Kalushi: The Story of Solomon Mahlangu'' | Salomo | Filime |- | 2017 |''Madiba'' | Ubutabera - Ingimbi | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2014 |''Hard Copy'' | Tebogo Ramolang | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''The Looming Tower'' | Umukozi Mburu | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2018 |''Emoyeni'' | Bonga | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 2019 |''Shadow'' | Colin | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 |''2064'' | | Filime |- | 2020 |''The Flat Tires'' | Thabo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | TBD |''Amandla'' | Nkosana | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] cp6jkqoovqh9u9rd74w4uneu2nxa07f 0 9784 80923 2021-11-29T17:40:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/989549714|Sandy Mokwena]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandy Mokwena''' (26 Kamena 1949–24 Mutarama 2018), yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri serial izwi cyane ''gushyingura'' abicanyi, ''Tödliche Geschäfte'' na ''Scandal!'' . <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-25-tributes-pour-in-for-scandal-actor-sandy-mokwena/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 26 Kamena 1949 i Soweto, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Yashakanye na Grace Mokwena. Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Keabetswe. <ref name="timeslive">https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-30-sandy-mokwenas-family-we-thought-hed-recover/</ref> Yapfuye ku ya 24 Mutarama 2018 mu gitondo azize ibintu bisanzwe afite imyaka 68. Umuhango wo gushyingura wabereye mu rusengero rwa Grace Bible i Soweto ku ya 26 Mutarama 2018. <ref>https://ewn.co.za/2018/02/02/sandy-mokwena-remembered-as-special-performer-at-funeral</ref> Nyuma yashyinguwe ahitwa Intwari Acre mu irimbi rya West Park, Johannesburg. == Umwuga == Mu 1972, yakinnye mu ''ikinamico Iphi Ntombi'' akina 'Cappie'. Hamwe n'ikinamico, yazengurutse ku rwego mpuzamahanga akomeza gukina kugeza mu 1984. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/Celebs/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-sandy-mokwena-20180125</ref> hanyuma muri televiziyo ''Going Up'' . <ref>https://ewn.co.za/2018/01/25/sandy-mokwena-remembered-for-his-generosity-sense-of-humour</ref> Muri 2005, yatorewe kuba umukinnyi 'Bra Eddie Khumalo' muri opera yisabune ya televiziyo ya ''Scandal!'' . Iki gitaramo cyamenyekanye cyane aho Sandy yakomeje kugira uruhare kugeza apfuye muri 2018. Umuhango wo kwibuka wabereye kuri Scandal! sitidiyo ku wa gatatu mu rwego rwo kubahiriza imyaka 17 yamaze muri serial. Hagati aho, yakinnye nka 'Ken Mokoena' muri serial ''Yizo Yizo 1'' . <ref>https://ewn.co.za/2018/01/25/actor-sandy-mokwena-dies</ref> Usibye ''Scandal!'', Yatanze ibiganiro byinshi kuri tereviziyo nka ''Generations'', ''Khululeka'', ''Soul City'', ''Ubutabera kuri Bose'' na ''Tolerance Zero'' . <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-25-breaking-scandal-actor-sandy-mokoena-aka-bra-eddie-has-died/</ref> <ref>https://northcoastcourier.co.za/lnn/352765/breaking-popular-scandal-actor-sandy-mokwena-dies/</ref> Hagati aho, yakoraga muri filime: ''Taxi to Soweto'' (1992), ''The Principal'' (1996), ''Dead End'' (1999) and ''Scarback'' (2000) <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3726</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1982 |''Ipi-Tombi'' | Sandy | Filime ya TV |- | 1991 |''Taxi to Soweto'' | Ikinyabupfura | Filime |- | 1991 |''Tödliche Geschäfte'' | Umuvugizi | Filime |- | 1994 |''Torings'' | Harry Mopeli | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1998 |''Tierärztin Christine III: Abenteuer in Südafrika'' | | Filime ya TV |- | 1999 |''Africa'' | Umupolisi | Filime |- | 2002 |''Ietermagô'' | Bra Matshikiza | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2004 |''Plek van die Vleisvreters'' | Samson Ngobeni | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2005–2018 |''Scandal!'' | Eddie | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 |''Winnie Mandela'' | Umwepiskopi wirabura | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] cgqja38hidl2ok86s7zgn85us6h9wtv 0 9785 80925 2021-11-29T17:49:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1039721033|Masasa Mbangeni]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masasa Lindiwe Mbangeni''' ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe nka ''Thembeka Shezi'' muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''Scandal!'' . <ref>http://www.702.co.za/articles/239838/actress-lorcia-cooper-swaps-dance-moves-for-prison-life</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse ku ya 6 Werurwe 1987 i Port Elizabeth, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i Johannesburg kugira ngo yige.  == Umwuga == Yabonye buruse ya Mandela Rhodes yo kwiga muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand nyuma arangiza impamyabumenyi ye ya Bachelor of Arts Degree muri Dramatic Arts kabuhariwe mu kwerekana no kuyobora. Yagize yakinnye Umushyitsi ku serials televiziyo ebyiri: nk'uko 'Eunice' ku BBC icyaha drama ''Akira Abahamya'' kandi 'wungirije bwite Jackie wa' ku soapie M-Net, ''Egoli.'' ''Yakinnye kandi mu makinamico'' atatu kuri Theatre yisoko ya Johannesburg: Nogogo, ''Sundjata'' na ''Amen Corner'', iyobowe na James Ngcobo. Hagati aho, yazengurutse iserukiramuco rya Grahamstown hamwe ''n’ikinamico Oedipus @ Koonu'' .  Muri 2013, yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''Scandal!'' kandi yakinnye nka 'Thembeka Shezi'. <ref>https://www.msn.com/en-za/entertainment/local/masasa-mbangeni-reluctant-to-return-to-scandal-due-to-imposter-syndrome/ar-BB108b0i</ref> Uruhare rwamenyekanye cyane, nubwo, yavuye ku nshingano mu 2016. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-06-12-masasa-mbangeni-hits-back-at-claims-scandal-will-go-downhill-without-her/</ref> Icyakora, yahawe ibihembo bibiri byumukinnyi witwaye neza mu Isabune ya TV yakuye muri South African Film and Television Awards (SAFTA) muri 2014 na 2015 kubera uruhare. Muri icyo gihe, yahawe igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri DStv Mzansi Magic Viewers Choice Award . Nyuma ya ''Scandal!'', yagaragaye muri saison ebyiri za ''serivise za'' tereviziyo ya Thola kuri televiziyo SABC2. Hanyuma yakinnye nka 'Celia' murukurikirane rwo ''Gusarura'' .  Nyuma yaho asubira biganiro hanyuma Inyuguti yarashwe bapfuye, gufata Mbangeni wa gusohoka kabiri mu kwerekana. <ref>https://sundayworld.co.za/news/masasa-mbangenis-second-exit-from-scandal/</ref> <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/soapies/mzansi-mourns-thembeka-shezi-as-masasa-mbangeni-exits-scandal-49254567</ref> <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/etv-on-masasa-mbangenis-exit-she-has-enjoyed-a-great-run-with-the-scandal-family-20200612</ref> Muri 2011, yakinnye muri firime ya ''Machine Gun Preacher'' . Usibye gukina, yitabiriye ubukangurambaga bwambaye ubusa bwa Marie Claire mu 2015 hagamijwe gukangurira abaturage ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikorerwa abagore n'abana.  == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2008 |''Silent Witness'' | Eunice | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' | Umugore udafite iminwa | Filime |- | 2016 |''Thola 2'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Hard Copy'' | Khanya Langa | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013-2016, 2020 |''Scandal!'' | Thembeka Shezi Nyathi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''Harvest'' | Celia | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 |''The Republic'' | Bridget Ranaka | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2019 |''The Red Sea Diving Resort'' | Mama | Filime |- | 2019 |''The River'' | Umujyanama Akhona Mayisela | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Housekeepers'' | Nomahlubi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Legacy'' | Kwanele Losi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | TBD | ''Ndi Abakobwa Bose'' | Thamsanqa | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] spdbjm1s8pg8tt5ui0d8fa9hwxulims 0 9786 80926 2021-11-29T18:00:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053767850|Lorcia Cooper]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorcia Cooper-Khumalo''' (yavutse 9 Ugushyingo 1978), ni umukinnyi wa filime n'umubyinnyi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . <ref name="tvsa">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=4384</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serivise zizwi cyane za televiziyo ''Lockdown'', ''Zulu Wedding'' and ''Hey Boy'' <ref>http://www.702.co.za/articles/239838/actress-lorcia-cooper-swaps-dance-moves-for-prison-life</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1978 i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yashakanye na Mandla Khumalo. <ref>https://www.dailyvoice.co.za/lifestyle-entertainment/celebrity/call-me-mrs-khumalo-19693366</ref> Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe n'umuhungu umwe. <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/33358-lorcia-cooper-biography-age-eyes-married-family-khumalo-lockdown-backstage-instagram.html</ref> Muri 2019, yarwaye lymph node yabyimbye muri tiroyide. Kugira ngo avurwe, yatewe inshinge za karuboni ya dioxyde de puffness mu jisho. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-11-01-watch--lorcia-cooper-opens-up-about-her-struggles-with-her-thyroid/</ref> == Umwuga == Igihe yari afite imyaka ine, ababyeyi be bamwandikishije mu ishuri ryo kubyina nyuma yo kubona ko akunda kubyina kandi yitabira amarushanwa yo kubyina yo muri Amerika y'Epfo na Ballroom. Afite imyaka itanu, yatsindiye amarushanwa ye ya mbere muri shampiyona yintara kubyina Ballroom ndetse nimbyino zo muri Amerika y'Epfo. Afite imyaka umunani, yize mu ishuri ry’imbyino kandi yiga kubyina iyobowe n’umukorikori uzwi cyane witwa Debby Turner, wabaye umujyanama n’umuyobozi. Nyuma yaje kwinjira mu ishuri ry’imbyino rya North West Arts Council aho yagize amahirwe yo kuba umwarimu mu myaka yashize. Igihe yari afite imyaka 19, yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya FNB Vita. <ref>https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/lorcia-cooper-kumalo/</ref> Nyuma yaje kwifatanya numuyoboro wa SABC2 ahinduka Travel Xplorer. Muri kiriya gihe, yatumiriwe gukina 'Cindi' muri filime ''Hey Boy'' iyobowe na Andre Odendaal yerekanwe mu 2003. Muri 2008, yagizwe umwe mu bacamanza mu marushanwa yo kubyina, ''Dans!'' ''Dans!'' ''Dans!'' byerekanwe kuri ykNET. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yabaye umucuranzi wa koreografi n'umucamanza mu marushanwa nyayo, 'High School Musical: Spotlight Africa yepfo' yanyuze kuri M-Net. Muri 2017, yakinnye muri Mzansi Magic show, ''Lockdown'' afite uruhare rwa 'Tyson' muri saison yayo ya kane. <ref>https://www.edgars.co.za/why-lockdown-s-lorcia-cooper-doesn-t-need-hollywood</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye 'Marang' muri firime ya ''Zulu'' . Muri Werurwe 2019, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri SAFTA ibihembo kubera uruhare rwe muri ''Lockdown 2'' . Muri Nzeri 2020, yagaragaye mu ikinamico ya Mzansi ''Abakozi bo mu rugo'' afite uruhare 'Mkhonto'. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/lorcia-cooper-on-playing-mkhonto-and-the-lack-of-leading-roles-for-coloured-actors-20200904</ref> == Inshingano za tereviziyo == * ''#Karektas nkumucamanza'' wicyamamare * ''Inyuma'' nka Charmaine Jacobs * ''Abagore ba Bedford'' nka Lorna Williams * ''Hindura Hasi'' nkumucamanza wicyamamare * ''Eish!'' ''Saan'' nk'icyamamare * ''Nibyiza Turi Umuryango'' nkuko we ubwe * ''Isaha ya Bantu'' nkumushyitsi * ''Urwenya rwagati rwo gusetsa'' nka we * ''Abakozi bo murugo'' nka Mkhonto * ''Biracyahumeka'' nka Lucille * ''Gufunga'' nka Tyson * ''Ubukwe bwa Zulu'' nka Marang * ''Hey Boy'' nka Cindi * Yakiriwe igihembwe cya kabiri cya ''Showville *'' . * Uwatanze ibihe 11 na 13 bya Afurika yepfo Amafilime na Televiziyo * ''Isambu'' nka Jo Mohammed == Reba ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] tevh45pla6t7w7c29crnfams084nrn5 0 9787 80927 2021-11-29T18:14:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1049508152|Jarrid Geduld]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jarrid Geduld''' (yavutse 13 Mutarama 1990), ni umukinnyi wa firime murim [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/saturday-star/news/atypicalinterview-jarrid-geduld-on-why-local-is-lekker-48493179</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri filime zizwi cyane ''10,000 BC'', ''Ellen: Die storie van Ellen Pakkies'' and ''Boy Called Twist''.''t'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/Local/Peoples-Post/pakkies-story-an-award-winning-film-20180910</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Mutarama 1990 muri [[Afurika y'Epfo.]] == Umwuga == Mu 2004, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime hamwe na ''Boy Boy Yitwa Twist'' kandi akina nk'umuhanzi wumwana. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20051001131729/http://www.twistmovie.co.za/</ref> Hanyuma muri 2005, yagaragaye muri firime ebyiri: ''Icyumba cya Flyer'' na ''Interrogation'' . Muri 2013, yatorewe igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza kurusha abandi muri Afurika y'Epfo mu bihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo byo muri Afurika y'Epfo kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ''Lucky Man''. . Muri 2018, yakinnye nka 'Abie Pakkies' muri film ''Ellen: Die storie van Ellen Pakkies'' . <ref>https://www.colouredsa.co.za/profiles/the-elllen-pakkies-story-introducing-jarrid-geduld</ref> Filime yabaye iyamamare kandi yakiriwe neza. Muri 2018, yahawe igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Silwerskerm kubera uruhare rwe. <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/jarrid-geduld-on-playing-abie-pakkies-ive-been-clean-for-10-years-and-thats-why-the-story-is-so-important-to-me-20180907</ref> <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/arts-portal/jarrid-geduld-scores-his-first-safta-after-17-years-19672118</ref> Noneho muri 2019, mu bihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo byo muri Afurika yepfo, yatsindiye igihembo cya SAFTA Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza muri Filime Yerekana uruhare yagize muri iyi film. <ref>https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1753501/awards</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu nshingano zunganira muri [[15th Africa Movie Academy Awards]] . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2004 |''Boy Called Twist'' | Twist | Filime |- | 2005 |''The Flyer'' | Kieren Junior | Filime |- | 2005 |''Interrogation Room'' | Petero | Filime ya TV |- | 2011 |''The Borrowers'' | Inguzanyo | Filime ya TV |- | 2011 |''Watch Your Back'' | Ernest "lastag" Salomo | Filime |- | 2012 |''Lucky Man'' | | Filime |- | 2013 |''Zulu'' | Umugabo w'injangwe # 1 | Filime |- | 2013 |''Four Corners'' | Amanota y'ibiyobyabwenge | Filime |- | 2014 |''Black Sails'' | Crisp | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''Lina and Leo, 2015'' | Dawidi | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 |''The Brothers Grimsby'' | Umucuruzi | Filime |- | 2016 |''Honey 3: Dare to Dance'' | Abubatsi | Filime yo murugo |- | 2016 |''The Whale Caller'' | Denizen | Filime |- | 2018 |''Ellen: The Ellen Pakkies Story'' | Abie Pakkies | Filime |- | 2018 |''Number 37'' | Ijwi rya Brendan | Filime |- | 2018 |''Order of the Dragon'' | Petero | Filime ya TV |- | 2019 |''Dwaalster'' | Randall | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Projek Dina'' | Brandon | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Arendsvlei'' | Gavin "Bompie" Gelant | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | TBD |''Indemnity'' | Theo Abrams | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] muisp04bpzkfmc7qb8zqpd7z54cgt29 0 9788 80928 2021-11-29T18:36:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1057315133|Colin Moss (actor)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Colin 'Cole' Moss''' (yavutse 9 Gashyantare 1976), ni umukinnnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ahanini ugaragara mu [[Bwongereza]], Amerika na [[Afurika y'Epfo]] cinema na televiziyo. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2081988/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1976 i Johannesburg, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo.]] Ise Richard Moss ni umwongereza-Afurika yepfo aho sekuru yari isake. Nyina Veronica Salt yari afite amateka ya Irilande. Kubwibyo, Colin yavutse afite imico ivanze yabongereza, Irilande, Abadage na Afrika yepfo. Yatsinze ukulele na saxofone ikina. Yashakanye n'umuyobozi wa Afrika yepfo, Tamarin Kaplan. Ubukwe bwizihijwe muri 2014 muri Stellenbosch . == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina nkumunyarwenya uhagaze kuri Afrika yepfo yihagararaho. Yakomeje gukora urwenya hagati yimyidagaduro yo gukina imyaka myinshi. Nyuma yaje kurangiza impamyabumenyi yikinamico muri kaminuza ya Kwazulu-Natal mu 1996. Yatangiye gukina binyuze mu bitaramo bimwe na bimwe nka ''Fat Pig'' na ''My Zinc Bed'' . Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, yakinnye buri gihe na gahunda ye ya stage nk'umunyarwenya muri Afurika y'Epfo ndetse no mu minsi mikuru itandukanye yo gusetsa. a. no mu Bwongereza na Irilande. Muyindi nzira yumwuga we, Moss yakomeje gukora nkurwenya. Kuva mu 2003 umuyobozi w'itsinda risetsa 'Comedy All Stars Cape Town' muri Cape Town. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoze porogaramu ye yo gusetsa muri Stand Up Comedy Club mu mujyi wa New York. Mu 1998, yerekanwe bwa mbere kuri tereviziyo na televiziyo ''Isidingo'' aho yakinnye nka 'Stewart Buller'. Yagaragaye muri uruhererekane kuva 1999 kugeza 2001 akunzwe cyane. Hanyuma yagiye i Cape Town, akora akazi ko gutanga ibiganiro kuri tereviziyo zitandukanye, harimo na TV ''Life City'' 2001. Mu 2002, yabaye umunyamakuru wa stunt show ''Fear Factor'' . Muri 2003, 2005 na 2007 yafashe icyemezo cyo kwerekana imiziki nimpano ya 'Idols South Africa' in season 3 <ref name="news24">https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/where-is-colin-moss-now-20190212</ref> Mu 2005, Moss yagize ijyana gabo uruhare mu ikinamico y'Epfo ''Number 10.'' Uyu yakinnye muri Afurika yepfo Horror ''Cryptid'' mu 2006 yafashe umwanya wa Mioss Dan Huevelman. Mu 2007, yinjiye muri filime yo gusetsa yo muri Afurika yepfo ''Big Fellas'' akina kimwe mu bintu bibiri by'ingenzi; 'umusore Jake Holmes'. Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri filime ''yihishe'' y'Abongereza n'Afurika y'Epfo aho yakinnye nka 'Officer De Witt'. Muri 2008, yagize uruhare runini nka 'John' muri comediyo y'Ubutaliyani n'Abafaransa ''Ex'' . Hanyuma yakinnye umukinnyi wa firime hamwe numunyamurwango 'Dexter "Dex" Simms' muri firime iteye ubwoba ''Surviving Evil'' muri 2009. Bitewe nuburengerazuba bwe, yahisemo gukina amafilime mpuzamahanga nka: 'Ofisiye DeWitt' mu ikinamico ''The World Unseen'' . Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mpuzamahanga. Nyuma yaje kugira uruhare runini muri film ''Surviving Evil'' aho yakinnye na Billy Zane. Yakinnye kandi nka 'Max' mu guhuza BBC na DH Lawrence's ''Women in Love'' . Moss yakinnye nka 'Kevin Fuller' muri filime ''Momentum ari'' kumwe na James Purefoy na Morgan Freeman . Muri Werurwe 2014, yagaragaye muri filime ya televiziyo ya ZDF ''Elly Beinhorn'' . Muri 2015, yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York ahita asinywa na The Talent House. Nyuma yibyo, yakinnye inshuro nyinshi 'Justin Boden' kuri Marvel yakunzwe cyane na Netflix, ''Jessica Jones'' . Hanyuma yakinnye nka 'Anthony' muri ''Black Mirror'' ya Netflix ndetse no muri seriveri ya David Simon yitwa ''Deuce'' . Hagati aho, yagize uruhare runini muri filime ''Hanyuma Yaje Nawe'' hamwe n 'uruhare rwa' Drew Conrad 'muri filime ''Noheri mu gasozi'' . == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1998 |''Isidingo'' |Stewart Buller |TV Series |- |2002 |''Cavegirl'' |Mud |TV Series |- |2004 |''Charlie'' |Phillip at Barracks |Film |- |2004 |''Berserker: Hell's Warrior'' |Norseman |Film |- |2004 |''Blast'' |Rig Worker 1 |Film |- |2005 |''Straight Outta Benoni'' |Manziman's brother |Film |- |2006 |''Number 10'' |James Kramer |Film |- |2006 |''Cryptids'' |Dan Huevelman |Film |- |2007 |''The World Unseen'' |De Witt |Film |- |2007 |''Big Fellas'' |Jake Holmes |Film |- |2008 |''Special Forces Heroes'' |Alan Marshall |TV Series documentary |- |2009 |''Ex'' |John |Film |- |2009 |''Surviving Evil'' |Dexter 'Dex' Simms |Film |- |2010 |''Way of the Warrior'' |Writer, executive producer |TV Series |- |2011 |''Women in Love'' |Maxim |TV Mini-Series |- |2012 |''Casting Me...'' |Phillip |Film |- |2012 |''Wild at Heart'' |Martin |TV Series |- |2014 |''Elly Beinhorn - Alleinflug'' |Moye Stephens |TV Movie |- |2014 |''SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines'' |Dan |Home movie |- |2015 |''Momentum'' |Kevin Fuller |Film |- |2015 |''Jessica Jones'' |Justin Boden |TV Series |- |2016 |''Cape Town'' |Brian Louis |TV Mini-Series |- |2016 |''Black Mirror'' |Anthony |TV Series |- |2017 |''The Deuce'' |Well-Heeled John |TV Series |- |2018 |''Then Came You'' |Greg |Film |- |2019 |''Holiday in the Wild'' |Drew |Film |- |2020 |''Fried Barry'' |Jack |Film |- |2020 |''Vagrant Queen'' |Hath |TV Series |- |2021 |''Angeliena'' |Lawrence Mitchell |Film |} == references == hlxtoa61l1rk9z79rxm92lnfwhmhktx 0 9789 80931 2021-11-30T04:23:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1015242000|Makeroom]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Make Room''''' [[Igihawusa|ni firime yo mu rurimi rwa Hausa yo muri]] [[Nigeriya]] 2018 yerekana isano iri hagati yurukundo no gukurikirana inzozi imbere yiterabwoba, iyobowe na Robert Peters kandi yakozwe na Rogers Ofime. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo abakinnyi n’abakinnyi ba Kannywood nka Yakubu Muhammed, Sani Muazu, Rekiya Attah na Usman Uzee, bashyigikiwe na Adams Garba, Asabe Madake, Abba Zakky na Abubakar Maina. <ref name="DT">https://dailytrust.com/make-room-the-hausa-film-targeting-an-oscar</ref> <ref name="YN">https://ynaija.com/robert-peters-new-movie-makeroom-is-about-boko-haram-with-all-the-violence-heres-the-trailer/</ref> <ref name="N">https://www.tatisis.com/topicdetail/323</ref> == Umusaruro == Iyi filime yakozwe ishingiye ku bikorwa by'inyeshyamba mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Nijeriya yagaragayemo abakinnyi bagera ku 3.000, abakinnyi 100 hamwe n'abakozi 100 batunganya, naho aho bakorewe ni Ijebu - Miango, Agace k'ubutegetsi bwa Bassa, muri Leta ya Plateau, muri [[Nijeriya]] . Umusaruro watwaye iminsi igera kuri 50 kugirango urangire, bitwara igereranyo cya N200 kugeza kuri miliyoni 300 nkingengo yumusaruro. == Umugambi == Nyuma yo gushimutwa hamwe nabandi bakobwa 245 bo mwishuri rye, umusore mwiza Salma (Asabe Madaki), umwana wenyine wababyeyi be bafite imyaka 17 nabandi bakorewe kubana nabaterabwoba mukigo cyabo. Ibi byamuviriyemo guhungabanya inzozi ze ariko we, nubwo, uko ibintu bimeze ubu yagumye mubyukuri mubuzima bwe. Goni, umwe mu nyeshyamba, araza maze bombi bakundana bidatinze barashyingirwa. Mugihe ubuzima bugoye, hamwe no kwamburwa urupfu numubabaro, inyeshyamba nabakunzi babo bidatinze. == Abakinnyi == * Asabe Madaki nka Salma * Sani Mu'azu nka se wa Salma * Nadia Abadage nka Dalia * Uzee Usman * Yakubu Muhammed * Rekiya Attah * Adams Garba * Asabe Madake * Abba Zakky * Abubakar Maina * Suji Jos * Sadi Sawaba == Kurekura == == Amashimwe == Iyi filime yatowe mu [[15th Africa Movie Academy Awards|bihembo bya 15 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards]] muri 2019. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amaa-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-award/m1ppsb7</ref> <ref>https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/166e6f93-8463-41e0-b768-3a3abea30756?year=2019</ref> <ref>http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762</ref> <ref>https://www.ghgossip.com/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-releases-full-nominees-ghana-gets-11-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/amaa-returns-to-lagos-for-15th-annual-academy-awards/</ref> <ref>https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/</ref> Mu bahatanira ibihembo harimo: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori !Prize ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="5" | 2019 | rowspan="5" | [[15th Africa Movie Academy Awards|AMAA]] |''Ousmane Sembene AMAA 2019 Award For Best Film in an African Language'' | |- |''AMAA 2019 Award For Best Achievement in Make-Up'' | |- |''AMAA 2019 Award For Best Achievement in Visual Effects'' | |- |''AMAA 2019 Award For Best Achievement in Sound'' | |- |''AMAA 2019/National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB) Award For Best Nigerian Film'' | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ouquc9xii5eyui7f0irk4as6m1i170m 0 9790 80932 2021-11-30T04:35:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1032345549|Made in Heaven (2019 film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Made in Heaven''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Nigeriya]] yo muri 2019 iyobowe na Toka McBaror ikorwa na Darlington Abuda. Ibiranga Nollywood's Richard Mofe Damijo, Jide Kosoko, and Nancy Isime,<ref name="Pulse2">https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/toka-mcbaror-films-made-in-heaven-featuring-rmd-nancy-isime/5sq92n2</ref> Ayo Makun, Toyin Abraham, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Lasisi Elenu,<ref name="Gu2">https://m.guardian.ng/art/mofe-damijo-ay-kosoko-light-up-made-in-heaven/</ref> former Big Brother Naija housemate - Kemen,, n'abandi. <ref>https://newsofafrica.org/nigerian-movie-director-toka-mcbaror-films-made-in-heaven-feat-rmd-jide-kosoko-nancy-isime.html</ref> Filime yerekana abantu nyamukuru bashakisha ubufasha bwumwuka mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. <ref name="Re">https://www.independent.ng/nollywood-movie-alert-made-in-heaven/</ref> == Umugambi == Nyuma yo kubona ko umukunzi we amushuka hamwe ninshuti, isoni Richard yamusize inyuma yangwa muri club gusa ahura na Angela bahuye nkibyo. Muri iryo joro nyene, barapfuye hanyuma ku murongo uja ku Irembo ry'Urubanza, Angela asabwa gusubira ku Isi. Richard yahise ashakisha inzira aratoroka kurwanira urukundo rwa Angela, nubwo bibujijwe na malayika murinzi woherejwe nyuma ye hamwe nabadayimoni kugirango atazigera atsindira urukundo rwe muminsi irindwi, kunanirwa bikaba byaviramo ubugingo bwe gucirwaho iteka.<ref>https://bonggis.com/2019/11/made-in-heaven-movie-review/</ref><ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/f519c55b4d6f898df9c93b0f1c2b7954</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Richard Mofe Damijo * Prince Jide Kosoko * Nancy Isime * Toyin Abraham * Blossom Chukwujekwu * Lasisi Elenu * Kemen * Uche Nwaefuna * Erica Nlewedim * Greg Ojefua * Sam Sunny * Jay Franklin Jituboh * Otiasah Miracle == Umusaruro == Filime yakozwe na Peekaboo Consulting Limited. Yakoranye na Newlink Entertainment Limited, NewOhens Limited na Corporate World Entertainment Limited. == Kurekura == Iyi filime yemejwe ko izasohoka mu mpeshyi ya 2019. Yerekanwe ku cyumweru, tariki ya 15 Nzeri 2019 muri IMAX Theatre, Lekki, Lagos, [[Nijeriya]] . <ref>https://connectnigeria.com/articles/2019/09/the-made-in-heaven-movie-premiere/</ref> <ref>https://www.qed.ng/ay-makun-toyin-abraham-to-star-in-made-in-heaven/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rcpl3c072bb94loqav7w9ottx2bjf4n 0 9791 80933 2021-11-30T04:42:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1042815334|Kevin Chuwang]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Chuwang Pam''' (wavutse 1982) niwe wegukanye igihembwe cya 4 cya '''Big Brother Africa''' muri 2009. Afite Impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor mu Cyongereza yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Jos == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Chuwang yavutse 1982 akurira i Dogon Dutse, mu nkengero za Jos, umurwa mukuru wa Leta ya Plateau muri Belt Hagati ya [[Nijeriya]] . Afite barumuna be barindwi. == Umwuga == Chuwang mu ntangiriro za 2006 ubwo yakoraga muri gahunda y’igihugu ishinzwe ibikorwa by’urubyiruko i Lagos, yitabiriye ''The Next Movie Star'', ikiganiro cya TV cyo muri Nigeriya cyatewe inkunga na Haier Thermocool aho yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri. Mu cyagombaga kumuzana ku itara ryagutse, yinjiye mu irushanwa rya Big Brother Africa (season 4) hanyuma amaze gutsinda abandi 24 bahataniraga baturutse mu bihugu 14 bya Afurika bagaragara ko batsinze, batwara igihembo cy’amadorari 200.000 ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2009. Se yari kumwe na we mu birori byo gusoza muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . Muri Nyakanga 2012, ''View Point Nijeriya'' yatangaje ko uwatsinze Big Brother Africa (BBA) 2009 ku wa gatanu tariki ya 12 Nyakanga 2013 i Jos yatangije igitaramo gishya cya muzika cyo guhiga televiziyo munsi y’imyidagaduro, ''Down to Earth Projects Ltd'', ikigo cye, tagged "Jos Uzane", aho 20 batoranijwe bitabiriye ahantu hamwe mumujyi wa Jos guhatanira igihembo cya N500.000. <ref>http://www.viewpointnigeria.org/kevin-pam-starts-new-talent-hunt-show-in-jos/</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru wa ''Down2Earth Entertainment'' hamwe na ''Naija Pikin'', umuryango utegamiye kuri leta yashinze. Akora kandi ubujyanama bwimyidagaduro. == Ubuzima bwite == Chuwang yashakanye na Elizabeth "Liz" Gupta, mugenzi we babana mu rugo bahuye mu 2009 mu nzu mberabyombi ya Big Brother Africa Revolution kuva mu 2011. Akomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]] kandi se wapfuye yari Umuhinde . <ref>https://www.namibian.com.na/76775/archive-read/First-Big-Brother-Africa-wedding-As-Kevin-and-Liz-tie-the-knot</ref> Ubukwe bwabaye ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2011 i [[Abuja]], muri [[Nijeriya]] . <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/03/big-brother-africa%e2%80%99s-kevin-chuwang-pam-elizabeth-gupta-tie-the-knot-in-abuja/</ref> <ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/celebrity-gossips/98-radio-n-tv/9772-bba-winner-kevin-chuwang-pam-and-his-bba-house-mate-elizabeth-gupta-marry</ref> Abashakanye bafite umukobwa witwa Malika Savannah. <ref>https://www.tvcentertainment.tv/2019/08/16/former-big-brother-africa-winner-kevin-chuwang-pam-celebrates-his-daughters-8th-birthday-today/</ref> Muri 2015, yasobanuriye ''Encomium Weekly'' umuryango we wimukiye i Jos . <ref>https://encomium.ng/former-bba-housemate-kevin-pam-chuwang-explains-reason-his-family-relocated-to-jos/</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2016, Chuwang n'umugore we hamwe n'abahoze bitabira ikiganiro nyacyo cya Big Brother Africa, Uti Nwachukwu na Nkenna Iwuagwu bitabiriye ubukwe bw'undi mugenzi we, Geraldine Iheme i Lagos . <ref>https://www.thelivefeeds.com/former-bba-reps-uti-nkenna-kevin-chuwang-pam-and-his-wife-elizabeth-at-geraldine-ihemes-wedding-photos/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] binoxcwktr8a8hhp8rc1mpbmpn0hcvh 0 9792 80934 2021-11-30T04:55:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1041239920|Katung Aduwak]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Katung Aduwak (wavutse ku ya 21 Werurwe 1980) niwe wegukanye ibihembo bya mbere bya Big Brother [[Nigeriya]] kuri televiziyo byerekanwe hagati ya 5 Werurwe na 4 Kamena 2006<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/264953-bbnaija-where-are-the-2006-housemates.html</ref><ref>https://m.guardian.ng/life/life-features/bbnaija-2020-past-winners-and-where-they-are-now/</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/as-laycon-wins-bbn-lockdown-will-he-do-better-than-efe</ref>. Akomoka muri Zonkwa, muri Leta ya Kaduna, muri [[Nijeriya]] kandi ni umwanditsi, umwanditsi kandi umuyobozi kimwe nuwarangije siyanse ya politiki<ref>https://ab-tc.com/bbnaija-four-winners-and-ten-most-popular-housemates-in-14-years/</ref><ref>http://worldofbigbrother.com/BB/Nig/1/Katung.shtml</ref>. Yigeze kuba umunyamakuru mu ihuriro ry’ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya Harvard kandi akora imyaka myinshi nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa MTV Base, Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe guhanga udushya muri VIACOM International akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru muri Chocolate City. Kugeza ubu ni umuyobozi mukuru wa One O Eight Media hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa ba Afrika muri Campfire Media<ref>https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/katung-aduwak-debut-movie-heavens-hell-in-the-cinemas/</ref>. == Umwuga == === ''Big Brother Nigeriya'' === Aduwak w'imyaka 26 y'amavuko niwe wegukanye intsinzi muri ibyo birori byakiriwe na Michelle Dede na Olisa Adibua, shampiyona yambere cyane ku ya 4 Kamena 2006 hamwe nigihembo cyamadorari 100.000. Nyuma yimyaka 11, yatangaje ko urufunguzo rwo gutsinda muri iki gitaramo ari we kuri we, mu kuba wenyine ndetse no kuba ingamba. <ref>https://sundiatapost.com/why-big-brother-naija-was-created-katung-aduwak/</ref> === Nyuma ya ''Big Brother Nigeriya'' === Nyuma yikiganiro nyacyo kuri TV, Aduwak yerekeje i New York kugirango akomeze amashuri ye muri Digital Film Academy, arangiza impamyabumenyi yubuyobozi maze ajya gukina film . === Gukora firime === Icyagombaga kuba filime ya mbere ya Aduwak ni''Heaven's Hell'' . <ref>https://archive.is/20141230224154/http://www.dstv.com/News/Interview-Katung-on-himself-Heaven-s-Hell/51564</ref> Itariki yo gusohora nyirizina yari iteganijwe ku ya 23 Mutarama 2015. <ref name="The Sun Newspaper">http://sunnewsonline.com/new/?p=97450</ref> Iyi filime ariko ntiyasohotse kugeza ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2019. Amashusho ya firime yafashwe mu mwaka wa 2012 na One O Eight Media, afatanya na BGL na Hashtag Media House kandi bakinamo abakinnyi n’abakinnyi ba Nollywood ndetse n’umuhanzi Waje wo muri Nijeriya. <ref name="HH" /> Muri 2020, Aduwak yayoboye film ngufi yerekana amakimbirane hagati yabanyamerika nya diaspora nyafurika, yise ''Ntibikekwa ko Hano'' . <ref name="Sup">https://filmdaily.co/craft/katung-aduwak/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Aduwak yashakanye na Raven Taylor-Aduwak kandi afite umuhungu. <ref>http://nigerianpilot.com/katung-aduwak-the-winner-of-first-big-brother-naija-show-welcomes-son/</ref> === Filime === * ''Umushyitsi udashaka'' (2011) * ''PUNEET!'' ''TV'' (2012) * ''Iyo Urukundo Bibaye'' (2014) * ''Ikuzimu mu Ijuru'' (2019) * ''Ntabwo Bikekwa Kuba Hano'' (2020) == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] qcjbik52wu5ko9jekqjsc1x4ygkt3t3 0 9793 80935 2021-11-30T05:05:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/995740456|Kada River]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Kada River''''' ni filime yikinamico yo muri [[Nigeriya]] yo muri 2017 iyobowe na Toka McBaror ari nawe wayifatanije na Forinclay Ejeh hamwe nubuyobozi bwakozwe na Olakunle Churchill . <ref name="Pre">https://xplorenollywood.com/toka-mcbarors-kada-river-makes-opening-film-at-the-nollywood-travel-festival/</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo abakinnyi ba Nollywood n'abakinnyi nka Joke Silva, Keppy Ekpenyong, Rachel Oniga and Bayray McNwizu . Abandi barimo uwahoze ari murugo muri Big Brother Naija 2017 - TBoss (Tokunbo Badmus), <ref>https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/85-film-tv-workshop/46407-tboss-first-nollywood-movie-with-eniola-badmus-photos</ref> Umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Gana - Fella Makafui, Chris Okagbue, James Blessing, Rakiya Attah and Oluchi Madubuko. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/kada-river-rachael-oniga-bayray-mcnwizu-olakunle-churchill-attend-press-conference/mp3zpd3</ref> <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/tboss-reality-tv-star-makes-acting-debut-in-kada-river/9egf43w</ref> <ref name="To">https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-huge-world-premiere-for-toka-mcbarors-kada-river-in-toronto/</ref> Iyi filime ni epic yerekana ibibazo byugarije Leta ya Kaduna, inyito ikaba irindi zina ry'Umugezi wa Kaduna . <ref name="BC">https://thenationonlineng.net/big-church-foundation-unveils-kada-river/</ref> == Umusaruro == Iyi filime yafatiwe hafi ya Kafanchan na Kagoro, ahabereye ubuzima nyabwo bwabereye ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2000 nkuko byavuzwe n'umuyobozi. <ref name="X">https://janellesnollywooddiary.com/kada-river-movie-review/</ref> Umusaruro wacyo watewe inkunga na Big Church Foundation. <ref name="BC" /> == Umugambi == Iyi filime yerekana ubushyamirane bwa kera hagati ya Boduas na Shawlains, bwarangije imvururu zikaze kandi ziva amaraso, hagati aho abakunzi babiri bato, Jerome ( Chris Okagbue ) na Nadia ( Fella Makafui ), baharanira gufasha guhindura urwango rukabije. kurera hagati y'amoko yabo. <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/05/coming-soon-kada-river.html</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Chris Okagbue nka Jerome * Fella Makafui nka Nadia * Urwenya Silva nka nyirakuru Nadia * Keppy Ekpenyong * Rachel Oniga nka Madamu Ekon * Bayray McNwizu * Igituntu * James Mugisha * Rakiya Attah * Oluchi Madubuko == Kurekura == Iyi filime yerekanwe ku zindi filime icyenda mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Nollywood, ryabereye muri salle ya kaminuza ya Toronto, Toronto, [[Kanada]] . Nibwo filime yatangije ku nshuro ya mbere y'ibirori byabereye muri Imagine Cinemas no mu kigo cy’ibirori byabereye i Toronto hagati ya 12 - 16 Nzeri 2017. <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/nollywood-travel-film-festival-movies/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 1b0r3oa4vt9g4ply61yto8blm00hvo0 0 9794 80936 2021-11-30T05:12:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/993260350|Girley Jazama]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Girley Charlene Jazama''' ni umukinnyi wa filime wa [[Namibiya]], umwanditsi w'amafilime akaba na producer wa firime . <ref name="Nam">https://www.namibian.com.na/204283/archive-read/Girley-Jazama-bags-Sotigui-nomination</ref> == Umwuga == Umwuga wa Jazama wamafirime namakinamico watangiye kuva muri 2005. Yabaye Namibiya wa kabiri watowe muri ''Sotigui Awards'', nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza, nyuma ya Adriano Visagie wari watowe mbere kubera igitaramo cye muri " ''[[Salute! (film)|Salute!]]'' ", Aratsinda. Yagaragaye cyane mu bakinnyi bari muri "''The Lion King'' ", mu gihe yari yarize mu ishuri ryigenga rya Karibib. Yakoranye umwete ku bufatanye na Pan-African Festival ya Sinema na Televiziyo ya [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha impano mu gukina sinema nyafurika na diaspora. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202009090959.html</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2008, yari umwe mu banditsi barindwi batoranijwe na sosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa, Optimedia, kugira ngo yandike isabune nshya yise ''"Amasano ahuza"'', ku kigo cya Namibia Broadcasting Corporation. <ref>https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/broadcast-en/11379/technology-convergence-in-brief</ref> Uyu musaruro wabaye televiziyo ya mbere ya Namibiya. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200804300386.html</ref> Mu 2009, yakinnye nka "Schülerin" muri filime yo [[Ikidage|mu kidage]] '', "Liebe, Babys und der Zauber Afrikas'' ". <ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1383245/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_ttfc_3</ref> <ref>https://www.networkmovie.de/en/liebe-babys-und-der-zauber-afrikas/</ref> <ref>https://agilebc.ma/journal/liebe%2C-babys-und-der-zauber-afrikas-9d38f1</ref> Jazama yari umukinnyi wa mbere muri firime ya 2019, " ''Umurongo Wera'' " aho yakinnye nka "Sylvia". <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201907260574.html</ref> <ref>https://www.namibian.com.na/178013/archive-read/Behind-&ampamp39The-White-Line&ampamp39</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2019, iyi filime yerekanwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema mpuzamahanga rya 40 rya Durban ndetse no mu yandi maserukiramuco menshi ya firime ku isi. <ref>https://economist.com.na/56433/after-hours/the-white-line-to-premiere-at-ster-kinekor-theatres-in-november/</ref> Filime ye ya 2019 yiminota 29, ''Baxu and the Giants'' yakoranye na Andrew Botelle kandi iyobowe na Florian Schott, <ref>https://www.dhps-windhoek.de/post/joint-project-a-huge-success-nwg-news-and-dhps-alumni-association-hand-over-donation-to-save-the-rhino-trust</ref> yizihijwe ninganda za firime za Namibiya nka firime ya mbere ya Namibiya kuri Netflix . <ref>https://www.erongo.com.na/news/baxu-breaks-boundaries2020-09-15</ref> Muri Werurwe 2020, iyi filime yatowe mu ''iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi RapidLion ryabereye'' i Johannesburg, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] igihembo cya "Filime Nziza Nziza". <ref>https://thestreetjournal.org/2020/09/namibia-first-local-short-film-debuts-on-netflix/</ref> Nyuma yerekanwe muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] mu ''iserukiramuco rya sinema ryigenga rya San Francisco'' hanyuma nyuma muri Nzeri muri uwo mwaka muri ''Namibian Theatre & Film Awards 2019'', aho yakiriye nomination zirindwi. <ref>https://confidentenamibia.com/baxu-and-the-giants-nominated-at-ntfa/</ref> Nanone, filime yakiriye izindi nomination n'ibihembo. <ref>https://afrykamera.pl/en/program/afroshortsspirituality/x</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2019 |''Baxu and the Giants'' | bafatanije | |- | 2019 |''The White Line'' | Siliviya | Umukinnyi wambere |- | 2012 |''100 Bucks'' | | |- | 2009 |''Liebe, Babys und der Zauber Afrikas'' | Schülerin | |- | 2008 |''The Ties that Bind'' | umwanditsi | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ecg6jh0gma9t9za1q8nj74qq7q8lv20 0 9795 80937 2021-11-30T05:26:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1048393375|Daniel Etim Effiong]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Etim Effiong''', nawe '''Daniel Etim-Effiong''' <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/mimi-onalaja-30th-birthday-party/</ref> numukinnyi wa filimi muri Nollywood wo muri [[Nigeriya]] akaba numuyobozi wa film . <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/moet-interview-part-1/</ref> == Ubuzima n'uburere == Yavukiye i Jaji, muri Leta ya Kaduna, muri [[Nijeriya]] kandi yari atuye mu Benin City, Edo State; Lagos State and Abuja[[Abuja|a]] . Papa we yari mu ngabo za Nigeriya . <ref name="Pun">https://punchng.com/i-used-to-make-up-stories-as-a-kid-daniel-etim-effiong/</ref> Se, wahoze ari Lt Col. Moses Effiong yahawe imbabazi ku mwanya wa perezida na perezida wa Nijeriya Muhammadu Buhari ari kumwe n'abandi batanu bakatiwe igifungo cya burundu mu 1986 nyuma y’uko bivugwa ko byatsinzwe na Vatsa Coup ku butegetsi bwa Ibrahim Babangida bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo guhisha ubutegetsi maze bakarekurwa mu 1993 ariko nta gutangaza ku mugaragaro kandi kugarura urwego nuburenganzira. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/04/the-etim-effiongs-have-a-reason-to-celebrate/</ref> Mu myaka ye y'ubuto, yize mu ishuri ryigenga ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Mariya, Ikirwa cya Lagos, Lagos nyuma aza gukomeza amashuri yisumbuye muri kaminuza ya Leta, Ikorodu, Lagos. Nyuma yaho, yerekeje muri Kaminuza nkuru y’ikoranabuhanga, Minna, muri Leta ya Nigeriya, aho yize kandi abona impamyabumenyi ya mbere mu bijyanye n’imashini . Nyuma yigihe gito cyakazi mu nganda za peteroli na gaze nka injeniyeri, yahisemo guhindura imyuga maze atangira kwiga ibijyanye no gutunganya amafilime, kwandika no kuyobora mu ishuri ry’amafirime rya AFDA muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] nyuma akurikira amasomo muri kaminuza ya Johannesburg mu bijyanye no gukina amashusho. == Umwuga == Amaze kureka akazi ka peteroli na gaze, yabaye progaramu ya NdaniTV . <ref name="En">https://encomium.ng/7th-amvca-bimbo-ademoye-daniel-etim-effiong-reminisce-and-other-promising-stars-to-watch-out-for/</ref> Muri 2017, yayoboye filime ngufi yiminota itanu yise " ''Umuhigo'' ", yakozwe numugore we mushya, Toyosi, irimo Tope Tedala na Odenike Odetola. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/directed-produced-watch-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-short-film-prey-bn-tv/</ref> Yagaragaye muri 2019 na ''Bland2Glam'' muri gahunda ye '''#Powerof7''' yo kwizihiza imyaka irindwi akora mu bucuruzi bw'imyambarire . <ref>https://ynaija.com/daniel-etim-effiong-akah-nnani-belinda-effah-kaylah-oniwo-and-more-stars-in-bland2glams-power-of-7-campaign-watch/</ref> Yagaragaye ari kumwe n'abakinnyi ba filime bo muri Kenya Sarah Hassan na [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] muri filime isetsa ya 2019, ''[[Plan B (2019 film)|Plan B]]'' aho yakinnye nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Nigeriya w'ikigo [[Nairobi|gishingiye ku mujyi wa Nairobi]], Dele Coker. <ref>https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/</ref> <ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html</ref> <ref>https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/</ref> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/bnmoviefeature-valentines-day-special-watch-lowla-dees-plan-b-starring-daniel-etim-effiong-lenana-kariba-sarah-hassan/</ref> Filime yamuhaye igihembo cyumukinnyi ''witwaye neza mu cyiciro cya Comedy (Movie / TV Series)'' mu bihembo bya 7 bya AMVCA Yakinnye muri firime nyinshi za 2020. Yakinnye cyane muri firime, " ''Fish Bone'' ", yakozwe na Editi Effiong yakinnye na Shaffy Bello na Moshood Fattah. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/</ref> Yagaragaye ari kumwe na Ike Onyema na Atteh 'SirDee' Daniel muri filime ngufi, " ''Umuyaga'' ", yakozwe na Diane Russet kandi iyobowe na Michael 'AMA zaburi' Akinrogunde. <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/diane-russet-and-etim-effiong-are-star-crossed-lovers-in-storm-short-film-trailer/tbxr1ls</ref> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/diane-russet-short-film-storm/</ref> Muri 2020, yayoboye documentaire yitwa " ''Uruhu'' ", yakozwe na Beverly Naya. <ref>https://ynaija.com/film-review-the-moral-failures-of-daniel-etim-effiongs-skin/</ref> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/beverly-naya-skin-documentary-exclusive-interview/</ref> Byari biteganijwe ko byerekanwa kuri NETFLIX . <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/beverly-naya-skin-documentary/</ref> == Amashusho == === Ibiganiro bya TV === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2019 |''Castle and Castle'' | Mike Amenechi | |- | 2018- |''The Men’s Club'' | Lanre | |- | 2013 |''Gidi Up'' | Folarin | |- | 2021 |''Castle & Castle'' | | |} === Filime === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2021 |''Still Falling'' | Kapiteni Lagi | Kuruhande rwa Sharon Ooja |- | 2020 |''Skin'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko Yerekana Eku Edewor na Beverly Naya |- | 2020 |''Storm'' | Inkubi y'umuyaga | Filime ngufi hamwe na Diane Russet |- | 2020 |''Fish Bone'' | Umugenzuzi | Shortfilm hamwe na Shafy Bello na Moshood Fattah |- | 2019 |Òlòtūré | Tony | |- | 2019 |''Plan B'' | Dele Coker | Uruhare rwo kuyobora |- | 2018 |''New Money'' | Ganiyu Osamede | |- | 2017 |''Prey'' | Umuyobozi | Skit ngufi |} == Ubuzima bwite == Effiong yari yarashakanye na Toyosi Phillips kuva ku ya 4 Ugushyingo 2017. Bahuye bwa mbere muri Kanama 2016 mugihe batunganya umushinga. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/11/toyosi-phillips-and-etim-effiongs-3strandcord-wedding/</ref> <ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/11/25/thisday-arise-tv-global-news-presenter-marries-her-nollywood-fiancee/</ref> Ukuboza 2018, bavugaga ko bategereje umwana. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/12/toyosi-daniel-etim-effiong-are-expecting-a-baby/</ref> Ku ya 7 Mutarama 2019. Abashakanye bakiriye umwana wabo wa mbere, umwana w’umukobwa. <ref>https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/01/toyosi-and-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl-is-here-and-she-is-so-cute.html</ref> <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/01/yay-first-look-at-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] fjwh6hljk3cmmdp2w7ilo143x92i913 0 9796 80938 2021-11-30T06:28:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1038551407|Anita Ukah]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anita Ukah''' (yavutse 14 Kanama 1995) ni umukinnyi wa firime akaba n'umunyamideli muri Nigeria rwiyemezamirimo na Miss titleholder wari ikamba nk'uko wegukanye muri 2018 nk'Umukobwa mwiza cyane muri Nijeriya . Yambitse ikamba ry'umusimbura wa MBGN Umwamikazi Nyekachi Douglas muri 2019. Yaserukiye Nigeriya mu marushanwa ya Miss World 2018 yabaye ku ya 8 Ukuboza 2018 kuri Sanya City Arena i Sanya mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], aho yaje muri Top 30 mu marushanwa ya Miss World . <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/mbgn-2018-anita-ukah-emerges-new-queen/erssf3r.amp</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ukah akomoka muri leta ya Imo kandi akomoka mu muryango w'abantu barindwi. <ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/i-dreamt-of-becoming-a-queen-at-tender-age-anita-ukah-mbgn-2018/</ref> == Uburezi == Ukah ni umuhanga muri laboratoire yubuvuzi wize muri kaminuza ya Igbenedion, Okada arangiza muri 2016. Amarushanwa ya mbere ya Anita yari muri kaminuza ye aho yatsindiye irushanwa rya Miss Igbinedion University Okada (IUO) mu 2014. <ref>https://dailytrust.com/how-i-became-the-most-beautiful-girl-in-nigeria-anita</ref> Muri 2018, Ukah yaserukiye leta ya Imo kumukobwa mwiza muri Nigeriya 2018. Kuri finale ikomeye yabereye muri Okara Cultural Centre i Yenagoa, Bayelsa, Yambitswe ikamba ryumukobwa mwiza muri Nijeriya . <ref>https://m.guardian.ng/life/nigerians-react-to-the-2018-most-beautiful-girl-in-nigeria-mbgn-pageant/</ref> <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/285219-miss-imo-emerges-most-beautiful-girl-in-nigeria.html</ref> furikaUkah uzwiho kuzamura ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu karere <ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/01/04/mbgn-speaks-on-made-in-nigeria-products/</ref> <ref>https://theeagleonline.com.ng/promoting-made-in-nigeria-goods-will-boost-entrepreneurship-mbgn/</ref> muri 2019, yashyize ahagaragara ibicuruzwa bye byerekana imideli yise The Uzo Brand. <ref>https://www.sunnewsonline.com/my-most-memorable-moment-as-beauty-queen-anita-ukah/</ref> Isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu mpu biva mu bikoresho biva mu karere. Ikirango cyibanda cyane kumifuka. Munsi yikimenyetso, yasohoye icyegeranyo cye. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/08/mbgn-2018-anita-ukah-launches-new-bag-collection/</ref> <ref>https://www.glamafrica.com/anita-ukah-the-most-beautiful-girl-in-nigeria-2018-winner-has-launched-locally-made-bag-collection</ref> <ref>https://punchng.com/promoting-made-in-nigeria-goods-will-boost-entrepreneurship-says-ex-mbgn/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 43u1r17ertk5zxlhkaas8mu0vji1v8e 0 9797 80939 2021-11-30T06:32:46Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029959080|The Blessed (2017 film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Blessed''''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''''Les Bienheureux''''', ni filime yo muri [[Alijeriya]] yerekana umuryango ubayeho nyuma y'intambara ya [[Alijeriya]] izwi kandi ku izina rya 'the dirty war'. <ref>https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/the-blessed-2012-film-review-by-amber-wilkinson</ref> <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/movie/43027/the-blessed</ref> == Icegeranyo == Shyira mumasaha 24, firime yibanda kubashakanye bibaho kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 20 kandi bateganya itariki muri resitora. Abashakanye batumvikana ku bijyanye no kohereza cyangwa kohereza umuhungu wabo mu mahanga kwiga kandi bahitamo kubabaza inshuti zabo nijoro. Mugihe cyo kurya, ingingo irazanwa kandi birangira buri wese muri bo atekereza uko abona intambara n'ejo hazaza h'igihugu. <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/blessed-les-bienheurux-review-1069776</ref> <ref>https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-blessed-dubai-review/5124905.article</ref> == Abakinnyi == ** Sami Bouajila ** Nadia Kaci ** Adam Bessa ** Amine Lansari ** Lyna Khoudri ** Faouzi Bensaïdi ** Hadjar Benmansour ** Salima Abada ** Abdelkader Affak ** Mohamed Ali Allalou == Ibihembo == <nowiki>*</nowiki> Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Göteborg (2018) <ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7336842/awards</ref> Igihembo mpuzamahanga cya mbere [Nominee] == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] b8r6m7qkqplabaawiwj3sy22cdpiu7n 0 9798 80940 2021-11-30T06:35:53Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1022807843|Can You Dig This]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Can You Dig This''''' ni film ya documentaire yabanyamerika 2015 iyobowe na Delila Vallot. Intego nyamukuru yiyi firime nubuhinzi bwo mumijyi nkumuntu nyamukuru atera umurima wibiryo murugo rwe. <ref>http://www.milwaukeeindependent.com/articles/can-you-dig-this-black-lens-film-sparks-talk-about-urban-agriculture/</ref> <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/can-you-dig-laff-review-801406</ref> == Icegeranyo == Iyi nkuru nigitekerezo kigamije gushishikariza abantu ahantu hose gutera nkuko abantu bayobora batera ubusitani bwumujyi murugo rwe mumajyepfo ya Los Angeles. <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/can_you_dig_this</ref> <ref>https://cityfarmer.info/can-you-dig-this-john-legends-documentary-about-four-gangster-gardeners/</ref> == Kwakira == * Ibihembo bya Afrika Movie Academy Awards (2016) &#x2014; Inyandiko nziza ya Diaspora [Yatowe] <ref>http://africine.org/evenement/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-2016/44712</ref> * Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Los Angeles (2015) &#x2014; Igihembo cya LA Muse <ref>https://www.filmindependent.org/blog/bravo-meet-the-winners-of-the-2015-la-film-festival/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tmn2pfcyhz039eosjhqe9y1i2p6jgnb 0 9799 80941 2021-11-30T06:39:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1049736760|Redemption (2019 film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Redemption''''', izwi kandi nka '''''Resgate''''' , ni filimi yo muri [[Mozambike]] ya 2019 iyobowe na Mickey Fonseca . Iyi nkuru yibanda ku buzima bwubugizi bwa nabi kuko umuntu wambere ahitamo guhindura ubuzima bwe no kuba umubyeyi mwiza nyuma yimyaka ine ariko bikarangira agasubira mubuzima bwubugizi bwa nabi. <ref>https://globalvoices.org/2020/06/29/netflix-picks-up-resgate-the-first-mozambican-film-to-appear-on-the-platform/</ref> Yatorewe ibihembo icyenda kandi yegukana bibiri muri byo muri Afurika Movie Academy Awards . <ref>https://citizen.co.za/lifestyle/2336723/what-to-watch-on-tv-this-weekend-qaphelas-life-is-turned-upside-down-in-isibaya/</ref> == Icegeranyo == Umugabo wagarutse avuye muri gereza amenya ko, mbere gato yo gupfa, nyina yafashe umwenda uteje akaga. Nubwo ashaka guhindura ikibabi gishya, ahatirwa kongera gusubira mubuzima bwicyaha kuko akeneye amafaranga cyane. <ref>http://www.filmfesthamburg.de/en/programm/Film/32663/Resgate</ref> <ref>https://www.netflix.com/title/81273165</ref> == Abakinnyi == ** Gil Alexandre as Bruno ** [[:en:Arlete_Bombe|Arlete Bombe]] as Mia ** Laquino Fonseca as Tony ** Tomas Bie as Americo ** Rachide Abul as The Boss ** Candido Quembo as Paito ** Abdul Satar Suleman as Castigo the policeman ** Jorge Amade as Boss Father ** Mario Valente as Bank Manager ** Aldovina Chiziana as Tia Sara == Amashimwe == ; '''Ibihembo bya African Movie Academy Awards (2019)''' * Igishushanyo Cyiza Cyiza [Watsinze] - Norodone Daude na Mahla Filmes * Amashusho meza cyane [Uwatsinze] - Mickey Fonseca * Filime Nziza [Nominee] - Mickey Fonseca na Mahla Filmes * Umuyobozi mwiza [Nominee] - Mickey Fonseca * Umukinnyi mwiza mu mwanya wambere [Nominee] - Gil Alexandre * Umukinnyi mwiza mu gushyigikira uruhare [Nominee] - Arlete Guillermina Bombe * Sinema nziza [Nominee] - António Forjaz * Amajwi meza yumwimerere [Nominee] - Milton Gulli * Ibyagezweho mu majwi [Nominee] - Janno Muller * Igihembo cya Firime Yubutwari [Uwatsinze] - Mickey Fonseca == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] fldihu0cqi3ot76jrx8ni5yv69slddr 0 9800 80942 2021-11-30T06:46:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/983370847|Lost in Time (2019 film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lost in Time''''' ni film yo muri [[Kenya]] 2019 yanditswe na Edijoe Mwaniki. Ni mu mutwe thriller ryibanda ku kibazo mutwe. <ref>https://paukwa.or.ke/lost-in-time/</ref> <ref>https://howto.co.ke/lost-in-time-a-new-kenyan-film-you-must-watch-today/</ref> <ref>https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt12952936/</ref> Kugeza ubu, film imaze gutwara ibihembo bitanu bya Kalasha awards . Ibyiciro byo gutanga ibihembo birimo "Filime nziza cyane", "umuyobozi mwiza" (Peter Kawa), "umukinnyi mwiza muri film" (George Mo), "amashusho meza" (Edijoe Mwaniki) na "amajwi meza" (Karanja Kiarie) . <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/arts-culture/article/2001354571/award-winning-film-wraps-up-2019-with-more-screenings</ref> <ref>https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kalasha-awards-2019-full-list-of-winners/</ref> == Icegeranyo == Nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyina wa Sam, yagumye mu mutwe, kuko uwo munsi uba umunsi umwe yabuze umukobwa we. Ibi bimugiraho ingaruka mubitekerezo, kandi agerageza kurwanya ubwoba bwe. Yatangiye kuba mu nshuti ye ya Michael, ariko bidatinze abona ibintu bidasanzwe bibera mu nzu. Agerageza guhishura amabanga yerekeye inzu numugore udasanzwe winshuti ye, mugihe arwanya ubwoba bwe, bwaba ubwubu nubu. <ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/</ref> <ref>https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/here-is-a-sneak-preview-of-the-new-kenyan-movie-lost-in-time</ref> == Abakinnyi == * George Mo nka Sam Weto * Lucy Njoroge nka Dr. Lilian Kareithi * Alan Oyugi nka Michael Kareithi * Sheila Murugi nka Judy Weto * Natasha Sakawa nka Sifa Weto == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 7dx73ul11o2718wuw1u946926kcl1dg 0 9801 80943 2021-11-30T06:51:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1016397494|Sprinter (film)]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sprinter''''' ni firime yimikino ya 2018 izenguruka umukinnyi unyura mubibazo byumuryango, iyobowe na Storm Saulter. Will Smith na Jada Pinkett Smith bari abaproducer bayobora uyu musaruro. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/05/sprinter-review-jamaica-athletics-drama</ref> <ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2019/05/storm-saulter-sprinter-will-jada-smith-overbrook-1202131740/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muIserukiramuco rya Filime y'Abanyamerika muri 2018 aho yatsindiye ibihembo bya Best Narrative Feature, Igihembo cyabaterankunga mu cyiciro cya Filime Nziza n’Umuyobozi mwiza. <ref>https://medium.com/@writerjudy7/storm-saulters-sprinter-takes-home-top-award-at-american-black-film-festival-90572d0acd74</ref> == Icegeranyo == Umwangavu wo muri Jamayike uremerewe na se udahungabana na musaza we udahungabana yizera ko izamuka rya meteorike mu isiganwa ry’imirima rishobora kumuhuza na nyina, wabaga muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko mu myaka icumi ishize. <ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sprinter</ref> == Abakinnyi == ** Lorraine Toussaint as Donna ** David Alan Grier as Coach ** Bryshere Y. Gray as Marcus Brick ** Shantol Jackson as Kerry Hall ** Nirine S. Brown as Sprint Runner ** Dale Elliott as Akeem Sharp ** Usain Bolt as Self ** Natasha Kalimada as UK Sprinter (as Asha Kalimada) ** Kadeem Wilson as Germaine Sharp ** Jessica Watkin as Sprint Runner == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ajjf1s9f229uyizwjlgno8ow1blkezx 0 9802 80944 2021-11-30T06:56:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1033629222|Triangle: Going to America]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Triangle: Going to America''''' ni filime yo muri [[Etiyopiya]] 2014 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Theodros Teshome . Yatowe mu byiciro bitatu bitandukanye muri Afurika ya Movie Academy Awards 2015; Filime nziza mundimi nyafurika, Umuyobozi mwiza na Filime nziza. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/see-full-list-of-2015-african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-nominees-oc-ukeje-hilda-dokubo-ini-edo-more/</ref> Yatsindiye "Igihembo cy'Abashinze Iserukiramuco- Narrative" mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika muri 2015 ndetse inegukana "Igihembo cy'abaterankunga" muIserukiramuco rya Sinema rya filimi mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2015. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/191233</ref> == Icegeranyo == Filime yazengurutse imigabane itatu kandi ivuga ku kibazo cyo kwimukira muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe. Kaleab na Jemal bafite ubushake bwo gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango bagere muri Amerika ubuzima bwiza. Mu rugendo rutoroshye, bahura na Winta nziza (Mahder Assefa), mugenzi wabo wimukira uturutse muri Eritereya. Kaleab na Winta bakundana mugihe bava muri Afrika yuburasirazuba banyuze muri Libiya, Ubutaliyani, Mexico ndetse amaherezo bakerekeza muri Amerika. <ref>https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/DMV-Black-Film-Media-Club/events/220894302/</ref> == Abakinnyi == ** Kristos Andrews as Switch ** Mahder Assefa as Winta ** Abebe Balcha as Dr. Abdurahim ** Isabella Rain Barbieri as Little Margarita ** Solomon Bogale as Kaleab ** Steve Crest as Police Officer Crest ** Jane Drewett as Nurse (Jane Monroe) ** Joel Layogan as Dr. Sanchez ** Abraham Luna as Mexican Blood Guy #2 ** Jessica Mathews (I) as Mrs. Abdurahim == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] f4jvyign1klidqoele8t9cq04ejv1x4 0 9803 80945 2021-11-30T07:00:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1015598840|The Perfect Picture: Ten Years Later]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Perfect Picture: 10 Years Later''''' [[Gana|ni film yo muri Gana ya]] 2019 yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso na Ken Attoh. <ref name=":0">https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/07/the-perfect-picture-10-years-later.html</ref> Ni kimwe na ''Perfect Picture'' , yakozwe kandi yanditswe na Shirley Frimpong-Manso . <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/12/ghanaian-movie-the-perfect-picture-ten-years-later-premiered-with-the-leading-ladies-in-attendance/</ref> <ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/The-Perfect-Picture-Ten-Years-Later-to-debut-on-Netflix-982837</ref> <ref name="peacefm">https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/movies/201911/396578.php</ref> == Icegeranyo == Filime yumwimerere yari hafi yabagore batatu basunika imyaka mirongo itatu bagerageza gushira amanga kugirango bahindure ubuzima bwabo, ariko ibyateganijwe byari bifite izindi gahunda kuri bo. Noneho murukurikirane, abadamu baragarutse, iki gihe basunika imyaka mirongo ine. Nubwo bakuze kandi bafite ubwenge, bamenye ko ubu bafite ibibazo byinshi harimo nubusabane bwabo butari bwiza. <ref name=":0" /> == Abakinnyi == ** Lydia Forson as Dede ** Jackie Appiah as Aseye ** Naa Ashorkor Mensah-Doku as Akasi ** Chris Attoh as Larry ** Joselyn Dumas as Flora ** Adjetey Anang as Fella ** John Dumelo as Taylor ** Kwaku Sintim-Misa as Doctor Biney ** Richard Mofe-Damijo as Sam ** Beverly Naya as Samantha ** Anita Erskine as Angela ** Gideon Okeke as Yobanna ** Gloria Sarfo as Susanna ** Raphael Boakye as Nigel == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] ibe0ibpr522gdtdkqaa98gl3wcwx02y 0 9804 80946 2021-11-30T07:13:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/987002097|2019 Ghana Movie Awards]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Ibihembo bya '''Gana Movie 2019''' byari ibirori byabereye muri Theatre ku ya 20 Ukuboza 2019. Muri ibyo birori, umukinnyi wa filime Salma Mumin yakoze amateka kuko yatsindiye umukinnyi we wa mbere witwaye neza mu cyiciro cy’ibihembo. Umukinnyi Alphonse Menyo nawe yatwaye igikombe cye cya mbere cyumukinnyi mwiza mubyiciro. Igihembo ngarukamwaka cyerekana indashyikirwa mu nganda za sinema zo muri Gana kandi iyi yari inshuro ya cyenda. <ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/61890/surprises-at-2019-ghana-movie-awards.html</ref> <ref name=":0">https://ghanamovieawards.com/2019-nominations/</ref> <ref>https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2019/12/09/nominees-released-for-2019-ghana-movie-awards-full-list/</ref> Abakandida benshi bajya muri 'Gold Coast lounge', ' Away bus ', 'ABAD' hamwe nitsinzi nyinshi zahawe firime ya 'Gold Coast lounge' hamwe nabakinnyi bayo. ; === Categories[edit] === ; ACHIEVEMENT IN CINEMATOGRAPHY * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE ''BY ISREAL DE-LIKE''''' * ''AWAY BUS'' BY KELLY DOE * ''A.B.A.D(FEATS OF DESTINY)'' BY BERNARD BENSON & DAVID OKAFOR * ''GETTING MARRIED'' BY WILLIAM SEFA NTIAMOAH * ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' BY TOYIN ODEKOYA ; ACHIEVEMENT IN COSTUMES AND WARDROBE * ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' BY VIVIAN ADJETEY * '''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY) ''BY GORDON GALOLO''''' * ''GETTING MARRIED'' BY SAMIRA YAKUBU & FAUZIA YAKUBU * ''AWAY BUS'' BY VENESSA NANA & AMA ODOOM ; ACHIEVEMENT IN DIRECTING * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE ''BY PASCAL AKA ISREAL DE-LIKE''''' * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' BY ISAAC AGYAPONG * ''GETTING MARRIED'' BY FRANK RAJAH ABASE * ''AWAY BUS'' BY PETER SEDUFIA and KOFI ASAMOAH * ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' BY PASCAL AMANFO ; ACHIEVEMENT IN EDITING (NOMINEES) * '''AWAY BUS ''BY AFRA MARLEY & PETER SEDUFIA''''' * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' BY SOLOMON TAMAKLOEN and YAKO PRINCE OSEI * ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' BY KWEKU KACOU * ''SIN CITY'' BY KOBI OKYERE * ''GETTING MARRIED'' BY NICHOLAS AGBEKO ; ACHIEVEMENT IN MAKEUP AND HAIRSTYLING * ''GETTING MARRIED'' BY MARIAM MUSAH * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE ''BY FLORENCE OWOO''''' * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' BY FREMPONG TAKYI BEA & PATIENCE MENSAH * ''AWAY BUS'' BY RHODA-LINE ANSONG & ANN MARIE DZADEY ; ACHIEVEMENT IN MUSIC WRITTEN FOR A MOVIE (ORIGINAL SCORE) * ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' BY PASCAL AKA * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' BY GEORGE SEDZRO * '''GETTING MARRIED ''BY BERNI ANTI''''' * ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' BY KOBI OKYERE JR * ''AWAY BUS'' BY AFRA MARLEY ; ACHIEVEMENT IN MUSIC WRITTEN FOR A MOVIE (ORIGINAL SONG) * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE''' '''MUSIC ''BY PASCAL AKA ISREAL DE-LIKE''''' '''LYRIC ''BY REQUEL AMMAH''''' * GETTING MARRIED ''MUSIC AND LYRICS'' BY BERNI ANTI * AWAY BUS ''MUSIC'' BY ENOCH BLEBOO ''LYRICS'' BY SOLOMON OTOO * 40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU ''MUSIC AND LYRICS'' BY STEPHENIE BENSON ; ACHIEVEMENT IN PRODUCTION DESIGN * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE''' '''PRODUCTION DESIGN BY JULIUS ELIKEM''' '''SET DECORATION BY PROP HAVEN''' * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' PRODUCTION DESIGN BY GORDON GALOLO SET DECORATION BY ROBERT AYIM * ''AWAY BUS'' PRODUCTION DESIGN BY JAMES AVAALA SET DECORATION BY HORLA MANUVOR ; ACHIEVEMENT IN VISUAL EFFECTS * '''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY) ''BY BRA CUOJO & JERRY DEBBAH''''' * ''GOLD COAST'' LOUNGE BY PASCAL AKA * ''AWAY BUS'' BY PETER KOJO SAMPAH ; ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING ADAPTED OR ORIGINAL SCREEN PLAY * '''GOLD COAST LOUNGE''' '''SCREEN PLAY BY PASCAL AKA''' * SAVE THE STREET SCREEN PLAY BY FRANKQUOPHY AWUKU HANYABUI * '''40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU''' '''SCREEN PLAY BY FOLAKE AMANFO''' * ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' SCREEN PLAY BY SOLAKE AMANFO & RANDOLPH OBAH * ''AWAY BUS'' SCREEN PLAY BY KOFI ASAMOAH, YAW TWUMASI AND PETER SEDUFIA ; BEST ACTOR AFRICAN COLLABORATION * '''MIKE EZURUONYE IN ''TENDER LIES''''' * JIDOLA DABO IN ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' * KUNLE RENI IN ''SIN CITY'' * ALENNE MANGET IN ''BROKEN'' * FRANK ARTUS IN ''SHUKI'' ; BEST ACTRESS AFRICAN COLLABORATION * SYNDY EMADE IN ''BROKEN'' * '''ROSE MEURER IN ''SIN CITY''''' * UCHE JOMBO IN ''40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU'' * RUTH KADIRI EZERAKA IN ''TENDER LIES'' ; BEST MOTION PICTURE OF THE YEAR * ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' '''PRODUCER - ESI YEBOAH''' * ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' PRODUCER- ISAAC AGYAPONG * ''GETTING MARRIED'' PRODUCERS- ABDUL SALAM MUMUNI AND TONY RAMESH LACHMA * ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' PRODUCER- PASCAL AMANFO & SELASSIE IBRAHIM * ''40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU'' PRODUCER- SELASSIE IBRAHIM * ''AWAY BUS'' PRODUCERS- KOFI ASAMOAH AND PETER SEDUFIA * ''SIN CITY'' PRODUCER- YVONNE NELSON * ''ADOMA'' SALLAM MUMUNI ; BEST MOVIE AFRICAN COLLABORATION * ''BROKEN'' BY SYNDY EMADE * ''TENDER LIES'' BY RUTH KADIRI * '''40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU ''BY SELASSIE IBRAHIM''''' ; BEST SHORT MOVIE * '''NIRVANA ''BY WILLIAM KOJO AGBETI''''' * ''ADA'' BY JAMES NARTEY * ''ELECTION'' BY JOHN AGBEKO ; DISCOVERY OF THE YEAR * RAQUEL AMMAH IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' * CINA SOUL IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' * OPHELIA DOEFIA IN ''SAVE THE STREET'' * '''FLORENCE ADJEI IN ''ADOMA''''' * ROSY MEURER IN ''SIN CITY'' * QUASI BLAY IN ''ADOMA'' ; FAVORITE ACTOR * VAN VICKER * MAJID MICHEL * JOHN DUMELO * PRINCE DAVID OSEI * JAMES GARDINER * KWADWO NKANSAH (LIL WIN) * KOFI ADU (AGYA KOO) * RICHARD ASHANTI (KALYBOS) * JUSTICE HYMS (GHANA JESUS) * AKWASI BOADI (AKROBETO) * KWAKU MANU * '''BENSON NANAYAW ODURO BOATENG (FUNNY FACE)''' ; FAVORITE ACTRESS * JOSELYN DUMAS * '''NANA AMA MACBROWN''' * JACKIE APPIAH * YVONNE NELSON * YVONNE OKORO * FELA MAKAFUI * LYDIA FORSON * JULIET IBRAHIM * NADIA BUARI * EMELIA BROBBEY * MOESHA BODUONG * MAAME SERWAA ; PERFORMANCE BY AN ACTOR IN A SUPPORTING ROLE * JEFFERY NORTEY IN ''ADOMA'' * UMAR KRUPP IN ''AWAY BUS'' * ADJETEY ANNAG IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' * '''KOFI ADU IN ''AWAY BUS''''' * PRINCE DAVID OSEI IN ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' ; PERFORMANCE BY AN ACTOR IN A LEADING ROLE * '''ALPHONSE MENYO IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE''''' * KOFI ADJORLOLO IN ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' * JAMES GARDINER IN ''BUSINESS AS USUAL'' * MIKKI OSEI BERKO IN ''AWAY BUS'' * QUASI BLAY IN ''ADOMA'' ; PERFORMANCE BY AN ACTRESS IN A SUPPORTING ROLE * JESSICA WILLIAMS IN ''A.B.A.D (FEATS OF DESTINY)'' * FELLA MAKAFUI IN ''AWAY BUS'' * KALSOUME SINARE IN ''GETTING MARRIED'' * FLORENCE ADJEI IN ''ADOMA'' * '''ZYNNELL ZUH IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE''''' ; PERFORMANCE BY AN ACTRESS IN THE LEADING ROLE * RAQUEL AMMA IN ''GOLD COAST LOUNGE'' * NADIA BUARI, JACKIE APPIAH, LYDIA FORSON, CHRISTABEL EKEH IN ''GETTING MARRIED'' * YVONNE NELSON IN ''SIN CITY'' * '''SALMA MUMIN IN ''AWAY BUS''''' * SELASSIE IBRAHIM, UCHE JOMBO, ROSELYN NGISSAH, STEPHENIE BENSON, SHASSY BELLO IN ''40 LOOKS GOOD ON YOU'' * ; * * * ; * ; * ; * * I * ; * * * ; I * ; * * ; * ; * ; * * * * * * * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * ; * == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] pbswf5454ed2guzt6w2w432vv63osoo 0 9805 80991 80947 2021-11-30T18:35:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alioune Ifra Ndiaye''' (wavutse 1969/1970) 1969/1970 == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Ndiaye ni umuhungu w'umujandarume, mukuru we ni umuyobozi wa firime Souleymane Cissé. . <ref name="cessou" /> Ndiaye yatewe inkunga na murumuna we, Ndiaye yimukiye muri Kanada yiga ibijyanye no gukina amafilime muri Université du Québec à Montréal. Yagarutse i [[Bamako]] mu 1997 kugira ngo abone impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mateka. Mu 1998, Ndiaye yashinze itsinda ry’ikinamico rya BlonBa ari kumwe n’inshuti ye, umufilozofe w’Abafaransa n’umwanditsi Jean-Louis Sagot-Duvauroux . Yize kandi umubano wumuco muri Kaminuza ya Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3 . Ndiaye yafatanije kwandika no gukora ibitaramo bitanu mu muco w'ikinamico ya kotèba, kandi itsinda rya BlonBa ryatanze ibitaramo ijana muri Senegali, Bénin, Ubufaransa n'Ububiligi. <ref name="naude">https://www.jeuneafrique.com/132673/culture/alioune-ifra-n-diaye/</ref> Muri Mutarama 2007, BlonBa yafunguye umwanya w’umuco, inzira yonyine y’ikigo ndangamuco cy’Abafaransa (CCF). Umwanya w’umuco wahatiwe gufunga nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa Mali 2012, ariko ishami ry’Ubufaransa ryemerera kuguma mu bucuruzi. <ref name="meslee">https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/mali-alioune-ifra-ndiaye-la-culture-est-un-instrument-essentiel-d-un-mali-post-crise-12-02-2016-2017549_3.php</ref> Ndiaye yayoboye kandi documentaire, firime zimpimbano, na videwo yindirimbo, maze ahimba igitekerezo cya telekotèba. Yatoje porogaramu yo gutunganya amafilime i Paris, yitabira gutunganya TV kandi akora nk'umujyanama muri Tchad kugira ngo afashe kuvugurura imiyoboro isanzwe. Muri 2012, yasabye umwanya wo kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Mali,, ariko ntiyatorwa. Muri 2013, Ndiaye yashinze umuyoboro we wa tereviziyo i [[Bamako]], witwa Wôklôni nyuma ya elve mu migani ya Mandingo. Yatangije umuyoboro n'amafaranga ye, ariko ntiyigeze abona uruhushya rwemewe na guverinoma. Ndiaye yayoboye igitaramo cyiswe ''Taynibougou, la cité des profiteurs'', anenga urwego rwa ruswa mu gihugu. Yasohoye igitabo ''Banyengo'' mu 2016, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere umuco w’igihugu. <ref>http://malisnews.com/en/books-alioune-ifra-ndiaye-writes-banyengo/</ref> Muri 2017, umwanya wumuco wa BlonBa wongeye gufungura. Ndiaye niwe waremye abahanzi hamwe Djinè Ton. <ref name="meslee">{{Template:Cite news}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFla_Meslée2016">la Meslée, Valérie Marin (12 February 2016). [https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/mali-alioune-ifra-ndiaye-la-culture-est-un-instrument-essentiel-d-un-mali-post-crise-12-02-2016-2017549_3.php "Comment pourraient-ils construire une nouvelle dynamique d'un Mali post-crise sans la culture comme instrument essentiel ?"]. ''[[Ingingo|Le Point]]'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Ndiaye ni we washinze umutwe wa politiki Wele Wele, ushaka gukangurira urubyiruko kwiyamamariza umwanya wa politiki. Ni anististe, kandi ntavugwaho rumwe muri Mali kubera ko adakurikiza Islam. Ndiaye afite abana bane, harimo impanga kuva yashyingiranwa bwa mbere. Ahuza amahugurwa yo kwandika ikinamico ngarukamwaka. <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3186</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] tiyiw4lcniqaz937y1ytxtabwec7qae 0 9806 80950 2021-11-30T07:32:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/999754689|Dennis Bots]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dennis Bots''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1974) ni umuyobozi wa firime wa Zambiya-Ubuholandi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Dennis Bots yavukiye mu mujyi wa Kitwe [[Zambiya|wa Zambiya]] mu 1974. <ref name="lux">https://www.luxfilmfest.lu/en/guest/dennis-bots</ref> Ababyeyi be b'Abaholandi babaga muri Zambiya, aho se yakoraga. Akiri uruhinja, yimukiye mu mujyi wa Gemert wo mu Buholandi. Se wa Bots yari umukinnyi wa firime ukunda cyane, kandi Bots yakoze filime ye ya mbere, ''Shetani'', afite imyaka 12, yerekana igishusho cyo muri Afurika cyaguzwe muri Wereldwinkel kandi kirimo umwuka. <ref name="Raaijmakers">{{Template:Cite news}}</ref> Bots ivuga nka firime kuva mubwana bwe, nka ''Stand By Me'', ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' and ''The Neverending Story'' . <ref>https://international.eyefilm.nl/cinekid-angel.html</ref> Yize muri Macropedius College kandi akora kuri tereviziyo yaho imyaka itari mike. Ku myaka 18, Bots yimukiye i Amsterdam kwiga film. <ref name="Raaijmakers" /> Mu 1996, Bots yahawe impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Filimi na Televiziyo yo mu Buholandi i Amsterdam. Yatangiye umwuga we akora kuri tereviziyo, ayobora ibice bya ''serivise za Goudkust'', ''Rozengeur & Wodka Lime'', ''Goede tijden'', ''Slechte tijden'' na ''Trauma 24/7'' . Muri 2005, Bots yayoboye filime ye ya mbere yerekana, ''Zoop muri Afurika'' . Yibanze cyane kuri firime zabana kuva yatangira. <ref name="lux" /> Bots yayoboye ''Anubis en het Pad der 7 Zonden'', ikaba yarabaye firime yarebwaga cyane mu 2008 mu Buholandi. Yayoboye Achtste Groepers Huilen Niet mu 2012, ahuza igitabo yatekereje gukora kuva mu 1999. Inkuru ivuga kubyerekeye umwana wimyaka cumi n'ibiri urwara leukemia. <ref name="Raaijmakers" /> Muri 2014, yayoboye ''Oorlogsgeheimen'' ("Amabanga y'intambara") yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Luxembourg mu 2015. Bots yakoze kandi kuri ''serivise ya Celblok H'' (2014) na ''Orpheus Project'' (2016). Muri 2017, yayoboye ''Storm:Letters van Vuur'', abaho mugihe cy'ivugurura ry'abaporotisanti . Iravuga amateka yumuyaga, umuhungu se yatawe muri yombi azira gucapa ibaruwa ya Martin Luther . <ref>https://www.theirisgroup.eu/en/iris-productions/storm/</ref> Bots yayoboye ''Circus Noel'' muri 2019, kubyerekeye umukobwa winjiye muri sirusi. Byanditswe na Karen van Holst Pellekaan, Bots yakoranye na firime zabanje. <ref>https://incrediblefilm.com/en/movies/circus-noel-2019/</ref> Muri 2020, Bots yayoboye ''Engel'', ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Isa Hoes . Filime yanditswe na Ellen Barendregt ivuga amateka yumukobwa ushobora gukora ibyifuzo kubantu beza. Bots iba i Bussum . == Amashusho == * 2005: ''Zoop muri Afrika'' * 2007: ''Plop en de Pinguïn'' * 2008: ''Anubis en het Pad der 7 Zonden'' * 2009: ''Anubis en de wraak van Arghus'' * 2012: ''Achtste Groepers Huilen Niet'' * 2014: ''Oorlogsgeheimen'' * 2015: ''Kode M.'' * 2017: ''Inkubi y'umuyaga: Amabaruwa van Vuur'' * 2019: ''Indangagaciro'' * 2019: ''Circus Noël'' * 2020: ''Engel'' * 2020: ''K3: Dans Van De Farao'' == references == gsmmgpuv1m55u2b1n5ep8sp3y1cx8kt 0 9807 80951 2021-11-30T07:40:51Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053651327|Marcelin Bossou]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcelin Bossou''' (yavutse ku ya 3 Gicurasi 1984) ni umuyobozi wa firime muri [[Togo]], utunganya firime, akaba n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Bossou yavukiye i Lomé, muri [[Togo]] mu 1984. <ref name="africine">http://africine.org/personne/marcelin-bossou/31294</ref> Yari umuhungu w'ababyeyi bo muri Bénin. <ref>https://www.style-evidence.com/pages/showcases/marcellin-bossou/</ref> Se wa Bossou yari umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'imikino. . Yakoraga kuri tereviziyo yigenga ya Radio Télévision Delta Santé nk'umutekinisiye nyuma aba umuyobozi. <ref name="courrier">https://blog.courrierinternational.com/l-afrique-en-films/2014/03/14/cineafriqua86-marcelin-bossou-parle-du-cinema-togolais/</ref> Muri 2008, yiyandikishije muri Ecole Supérieure des Arts Visuels i Marrakesh muri [[Maroc]] nyuma yo kubona buruse. Bossou yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ngufi, ''La Bourse ou la vie'' na ''L'inconnu'' mu 2010. <ref name="courrier" /> Yabonye uruhushya rwe muri Film Studies, Directory option, muri 2012. Filime ya Bossou yahawe impamyabumenyi, ''Nuit de Noces'', yinjiye mu birori byinshi bya firime nka Mediterranean Short Film Festival ya Tangier, Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika rya Luxor, hamwe na Festival ya Afrika ya Poitiers. ''Nuit de Noces'' yakiriye Grand Prix mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Atakpamé i Togo ndetse nigihembo cyihariye cya René Monory mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican ya Ouagadougou . Irasuzuma imitwaro abagore bahura nazo iyo bashyingiranywe, harimo no kwerekana ubusugi bwabo. <ref>https://www.africardv.com/societe/togo-marcellin-bossou-et-les-jeunes-de-lai-parlent-de-droits-sexuels/</ref> Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Bossou yayoboye ''L'anniversaire'' . Yashinze isosiyete ikora amajwi n'amashusho Marbos Productions i Lomé muri 2015. Intego nyamukuru yaryo ni ugutanga inkunga kubanyeshuri biga muri firime ya Togoliya kugirango bakore film zabo za mbere. <ref>http://africultures.com/structures/?no=13345</ref> Muri 2015, yayoboye ''Les deux frères'' . Filime yahawe igihembo cyo gufotora neza mu iserukiramuco rya Clap Ivoire. Muri 2019, Bossou yakoze firime ''La vie de Daniel'' iyobowe na Gilbert Bararmna na ''Femme'' Ebène na Rachel Kpizing. <ref>https://www.africardv.com/culture/deux-films-togolais-recompenses-au-benin/</ref> Kuri ubu Bossou arimo akora kuri firime ye ya mbere yerekana, ''Broken Drums'', biteganijwe ko izasohoka mu 2021. <ref>http://www.scenarioaulongcourt.com/Marcelin-BOSSOU</ref> Yigisha isesengura rya firime, kwandika na tekinike mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Sinema i Lomé. == Amashusho == * 2010: ''La Bourse ou la vie'' * 2010: ''L'inconnu'' * 2012: ''Nuit de Noces'' * 2012: ''L'anniversaire'' * 2015: ''Les deux frères'' * 2017: ''Brigitte'' * 2017: ''Une famille pas comme les autres'' * 2019: ''Kuvunika-Ingoma'' * 2019: ''La vie de Daniel'' * 2019: ''Femme ébène'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] n2solols0noyz6fs5mr0mkw1zi7o6z2 0 9808 80952 2021-11-30T07:45:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1048764810|Samira Magroun]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Samira Magroun at JCC 2018 2.jpg|thumb|'''Samira Magroun''']] '''Samira Magroun''' (wavutse 24 Mutarama 1987) numukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya.]] == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Magroun afite bashiki bacu benshi. Akiri umwana, yashishikazwaga no kuba umukinnyi wa filime kandi yavuganaga ku kwamamaza byinshi, ariko ntiyabikurikirana. Magroun yize icyongereza nyuma yishuri ryisumbuye. Nyuma yaje kwiga ishuri ryitabira indege kandi yashakishijwe na Nouvel Air mbere yuko atangira umwuga we wo gukina. <ref name="azouz">https://web.archive.org/web/20090117224630/http://www.jetsetmagazine.net/jetset,mag/interview-avec-samira-magroun.16.251.html</ref> Magroun yatangiriye mu bucuruzi bwerekana muri ''Dlilek Mlak'', muri Tuniziya ya ''Deal cyangwa No Deal'', mu 2007. Igitaramo kimaze kurangira, yabonanye na Sami Fehri kubyerekeye opera nshya yisabune yakoraga, ariko ntabwo yabanje kumuha umwanya wambere. Fehri yatangajwe cyane n'imikorere ya Magroun, maze atorerwa kuba Syrine muri ''Maktoub'', yatangiye mu 2008. Imico ye ni umugore utagira ubwenge ukoreshwa n'umukunzi we, Elyes, na Magroun bavuze ko abakobwa nka we ari benshi muri sosiyete. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Magroun yakinnye muri sitcom ''Garage Lekrik'' nka Lobna, umukobwa ukunda ubutunzi ufite umubano utitiranya na Boulouna, yakinnye na Lotfi Abdelli. Amaze guhabwa inshingano, yahise abyemera kuko byari amahirwe meza kandi abakinnyi bari bafite abakinnyi beza. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120531044513/http://www.tunivisions.net/26509/243/149/garage-lekrik-sur-tunis-7-interview-de-samira-magroun.html</ref> Muri Nzeri 2010, Magroun yakinnye muri serivise yo muri Siriya ''Takht Charki'' yanditswe na Yam Mach'hadi iyobowe na Racha Chabartji. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120420231515/http://www.tunivisions.net/26556/243/149/samira-magroun-invitee-dans-la-serie-syrienne-takht-charki.html</ref> Magroun yasezeranye numupira wamaguru Adel Chedli muri Mata 2012. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150704205424/https://tunivisions.net/33617/243/149/adel-chedly-et-samira-magroun-officialisent-enfin-leur-union.html</ref> Yabyaye umuhungu na Chedli, Koussay. Bombi bashakanye imyaka ibiri mbere yo gutandukana. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130725004957/http://www.melekher.com/detail/samira-magroun-confirme-la-rumeur-de-son-divorce-davec-adel-chedly.html/</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2020, Magroun yibarutse umwana we wa kabiri, umukobwa Zayna. <ref>https://www.ifm.tn/fr/article/arts-et-culture/samira-magroun-a-donne-naissance-a-une-petite-fille/22783</ref> == Amashusho == * 2007: ''Dlilek Mlak'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2008-2014: ''Maktoub'' ya Sami Fehri (ikiganiro cya TV): Cyrine * 2010: ''Garage Lekrik'' (ikiganiro cya TV): Lobna * 2010: ''Takht Charki'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2010: ''Dhakiret El Jassad'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2013: ''Allô Maa'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2014: ''Tagisi 2'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2015: ''Karam El-King'' * 2015: ''Baad El Bedaya'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2016: ''Waad'' (ikiganiro cya TV) * 2018: ''Rassayel'' (ikiganiro cya TV): Mona * 2019: ''Ali Chouerreb'' (ikiganiro cya TV, igihe cya 2) * 2021: ''Inchallah Mabrouk'' (TV Show) ya Bassem == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] kbfc0jrndt9y0vqnfmyai8sr7jk1c22 0 9809 80953 2021-11-30T07:53:26Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1047651352|Mel Gambôa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mel Gambôa''' (yavutse ku ya 23 Gicurasi 1984) ni umukinnyi wa filime w’umunyaromaniya utuye muri [[Angola]], umunyamakuru, na producer wa televiziyo. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Gambôa yavutse 1984 i Bucharest, muri Rumaniya. <ref name="voa">https://www.voaportugues.com/a/angola-fala-so-bilhete-identidade-mel-gamboa/3026186.html</ref> Umukobwa wa se wa Angola na nyina w’umuromaniya, yatangiye gutaramira mu ikinamico mu 1998, yinjira mu itsinda ry’ikinamico Horizonte Nzinga Mbandi nk'igikorwa kidasanzwe. Hagati ya 2001 na 2003, Gambôa yabaga i Madrid maze yinjira mu itsinda ry’ikinamico Los Sobrinos del Mago de Oz nk'umukinnyi wa filime akaba n’umuyobozi wungirije w’imikino y’abana "El Gnomo Jeromo" na "Los Evangelios Apócrifos" na Frank Huesca. <ref name="mindelact">https://expressodasilhas.cv/cultura/2014/09/25/mindelact-a-orfa-do-rei-em-cena-hoje-a-noite/43073</ref> Mu 2004, yasubiye i Luanda yitangira ikinamico, yitabira amahugurwa menshi kandi yiga amasomo y'ubuhanzi. Gambôa yinjiye muri societe yo muri iki gihe imbyino na percussion Manésema mu 2006 nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange n’umuyobozi ushinzwe imihango. Mu 2007, yatangiye umwuga we kuri tereviziyo. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Gambôa yashinze isosiyete ikorana na Multimedia Together Now, usibye gutanga serivisi zo gufotora no gufata amashusho, yashyizeho gahunda zamahugurwa kubakinnyi n’amasomo ya "Photography Angola". <ref>http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/lazer-e-cultura/2015/10/47/Angola-Aberto-curso-fotografia,01f00406-fa54-4564-9f69-163d8e8e8ba2.html</ref> Gambôa yabaye umuyobozi wa gahunda yimyidagaduro ''Tchilar kumuyoboro'' wa 2 wa Televiziyo rusange muri Angola. Muri 2012, yatangiye kwakira ikiganiro cya radio cyitwa ''Show da Mel'' kuri Rádio Despertar 91.0 FM. <ref name=":2">http://www.angonoticias.com/Artigos/item/33308/mel-gamboa-na-despertar</ref> Muri 2017, Gambôa yimukiye i Los Angeles kugira ngo arangize amashuri ye muri sinema. Kubera ibibazo by'amafaranga, yahatiwe gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga kugira ngo yishakire inkunga. <ref>https://www.ongoma.news/artigo/dificuldades-financeiras-obrigam-mel-gamboa-a-pedir-ajuda-nas-redes-sociais</ref> Gambôa ni umunyamurwango uharanira inyungu z'umugore kandi yavuze ko abaturage badashobora kumenya ibibera muri politiki ya Angola. <ref>https://www.voaportugues.com/a/angola-fala-so-mel-gamboa-feminista-louca-incomoda/3029446.html</ref> Yimenyereza tantra yoga no gufotora. Yize ibitabo bivuga ku idini ry'Ababuda. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] o8gtocn0c8ql5cynqulnu00bezespz1 0 9810 80954 2021-11-30T07:58:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/994284283|Stefanie Sycholt]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stefanie Sycholt''' (wavutse 1963) ni umuyobozi wa firime muri [[Afrika yepfo,]] utunganya amafilime, akaba n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Sycholt yavukiye i Pretoriya mu 1963. Yize icyongereza munsi ya JM Coetzee ndetse na siyanse ya politiki na teoriya muriKaminuza ya Natal na kaminuza ya Cape Town . <ref name="frauen" /> Sycholt yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kurwanya ivanguramoko kandi yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe itangazamakuru mu ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri bo muri Afurika yepfo. Marita yashoboye umusaruro ikipe Ava bikaba amasanamu Nelson Mandela's Welcome Home Rally mu Durban mu 1990. <ref name="filmportal">https://www.filmportal.de/en/person/stefanie-sycholt_f31295e69554a3cfe03053d50b373efb</ref> Sycholt yaje kujya mu Budage kwiga muri Kaminuza ya Televiziyo na Filime Munich. Yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe kwandika rya kaminuza ya firime na televiziyo i Munich ndetse n'umwanditsi n'umuyobozi. <ref name="blake">http://blakefriedmann.co.uk/stefanie-sycholt</ref> Mu 2001, Sycholt yakinnye bwa mbere muri ''firime'' na Malunde, ivuga amateka yumuhungu witwa Wonderboy uba inshuti nuwahoze ari umusirikare mubutegetsi bwera. Yakiriye ibihembo bitandatu bya Avanti harimo umuyobozi mwiza, kandi igice cyinyungu cyagiye mumfashanyo ya Mandela kubana bo mumuhanda. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety.com</ref> Yayoboye filime isetsa yakozwe kuri TV ''Gwendolyn'' mu 2007. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yanditse, ayobora, afatanya na ''Themba'' . Ukurikije igitabo kitazwi na Lutz van Dijk, ni ikinamico yo mu muryango ivuga amateka yumuhungu ukiri muto ukunda umupira wamaguru na nyina wanduye sida. ''Themba'' yahawe igihembo cya UNICEF Uburenganzira bw'umwana mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar 2010. <ref>https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/themba-130810</ref> Sycholt yayoboye ibice byinshi byurukurikirane rwa ''Inga Lindström'' . <ref>https://www.tv-media.at/programm/ZDF/inga-lindstr%C3%B6m--zur%C3%BCck-ins-morgen/2020-11-08/77331272948</ref> Sycholt yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Arijantine kandi afite umuhungu umwe. Agabanya igihe cye hagati y'Ubudage, Arijantine, na Afurika y'Epfo. == Amashusho == * 1998: ''MBUBE - Die Nacht der Löwen'' (umuyobozi) * 2001: ''Malunde'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2007: ''Gwendolyn'' (umuyobozi) * 2007: ''Tango zu dritt'' (umwanditsi) * 2009: ''Ella's Mystery'' (umwanditsi) * 2010: ''Themba'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi / umufatanyabikorwa) * 2010: ''Ein Sommer muri Kapstadt'' (umwanditsi) * 2010: ''Ein Sommer muri Marrakesch'' (umwanditsi) * 2011: ''Ein Sommer muri den Bergen'' (umwanditsi) * 2012: ''Die Löwin'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2013: ''Weit hinter dem Horizont'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2013: ''Mein ganzes halbes Leben'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV, umwanditsi) * 2013: ''Zwischen Himmel und hier'' (umwanditsi) * 2016-2020: ''Inga Lindström'' (urukurikirane rwa TV, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2018: ''Cecelia Ahern: Dich zu lieben'' (umuyobozi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] cc5lgktxa3m8xpxvs1hch5m5fur2883 0 9811 80955 2021-11-30T08:03:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1008656064|Sofia Amara]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sofia Amara''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Gicurasi 1968) ni umunyamakuru w’umufaransa wavukiye muri [[Maroke|Maroc]] akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Amara yavukiye i Casablanca mu 1968. Yarangije muri kaminuza ya Yorodani afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bwa politiki no muri IEP i Paris mu 1996. Amara yatangiye umwuga we wumwuga nkumunyamakuru muburasirazuba bwo hagati kumiyoboro itandukanye na radio. Yagaragaje ibyabaye nka Intifada ya mbere y'Abanyapalestine, igitero cya Koweti na Iraki, no kugaruka kwa Yasser Arafat muri Gaza. <ref>https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Sofia-Amara/330299</ref> Amara yatanze raporo ku Isoko ry'Abarabu muri Egiputa, kandi afungwa kabiri hamwe n'abigaragambyaga i Cairo. Yakoze documentaire ku ntambara yo muri Siriya kuva yatangira mu 2011. Muri 2014, Amara yasohoye igitabo ''Infiltrée dans l'enfer syrien: du Printemps de Damas à l'Etat islamique'' aho yasabye ko igihugu cya kisilamu cya Iraki na Levant (ISIL) mubyukuri byari umufatanyabikorwa wa Bashar al-Assad . <ref>https://www.franceculture.fr/oeuvre-infiltree-dans-l-enfer-syrien-de-sofia-amara</ref> Mosul amaze kubohorwa muri 2017, Amara yabaye umwe mu banyamakuru ba mbere b’abagore binjiye mu mujyi hamwe n’ingabo za Iraki. Muri 2017, yayoboye documentaire ''Yabuze Abana ba Califa'', yerekanaga abana bafite imyaka umunani bogejwe n'ubwonko kandi bahabwa imyitozo yintwaro. <ref>https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/isis-forces-children-young-five-10412834</ref> Yakiriye igihembo cya AMADE mu iserukiramuco rya TV rya Monte-Carlo. Muri 2018, Amara yasohoye igitabo ''Bagdadi, Khalifa w'iterabwoba'' . Harimo ibiganiro bye n'uwahoze ari umugore n'umukobwa wa Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi,, umuyobozi wa ISIL. Igitabo cyasuzumye izamuka ry'ubutegetsi bwa al-Baghdadi n'ingaruka zaryo ku isi. <ref>https://www.france24.com/en/20181022-interview-sofia-amara-islamic-state-group-terrorism-women-leader-baghdadi-ex-wife</ref> Amara ifite icyicaro i Beirut . Muri 2019, yanenze Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika [[Donald Trump]] kuba adafite politiki yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kandi yirengagiza ihohoterwa rya guverinoma z'Abarabu. Amara yavuze ko umwanzuro uhangayikishije cyane mu mpeshyi y’Abarabu ari uko "hari abayobozi bashinzwe ibibazo bakora bashingiye ku nyungu zabo bwite zihinduka kandi rimwe na rimwe zikabarwa nabi." == Igice cya firime == * 2011: ''Syrie, dans l'enfer de la répression'' (umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2011: ''Le grand ikinyamakuru de Canal +'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2011-2013: ''Iperereza ryihariye'' (serivise za TV, umuyobozi) * 2012: ''Syrie, au cœur de l'armée libre'' (umuyobozi) * 2013: ''Le renégat (The renegade)'' (umuyobozi) * 2014: ''L'invité'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2017: ''Enquête yihariye'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV, umuyobozi) * 2017: ''Abana Babuze Ubukhalifa'' (umuyobozi) * 2019: ''C à vous'' (Urukurikirane rwa TV) * 2019: ''Al-Baghdadi, les secrets d'une traque'' (umuyobozi) == references == * [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] eqvkl8ypoi803j01zt5935ha349c5g4 0 9812 80956 2021-11-30T08:08:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/996765800|Tezeta Abraham]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tzta Abraham.jpg|thumb|'''Tezeta Abraham''']] '''Tezeta Abraham''' (yavutse 15 Gashyantare 1985) numunyamideli wumutaliyani ukomoka muri [[Etiyopiya]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Abrahamu yavukiye i [[Jibuti|Djibouti]] kubabyeyi ba [[Etiyopiya]]. Yimukiye hamwe n'umuryango we mu Butaliyani afite imyaka itanu. Aburahamu yarwanije umwirondoro we akiri muto, akenshi akaba ari we mukobwa wenyine wumwirabura mwishuri rye. Mu 2002, yatsindiye irushanwa rya "Miss Italy Africa" ryamufashe ku isi yimyambarire. <ref name="casolaro">https://it.businessinsider.com/tezeta-abraham-gli-italiani-sono-razzisti-ed-e-colpa-anche-della-cultura-cattolica-il-rimedio-viaggiare-e-studiare/</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Nkumunyamideli, yakoraga mubirango Fendi, Gianfranco Ferre, Replay, Moschino, na Jean Paul Gaultier, nabandi. <ref name="debut">https://web.archive.org/web/20151004170958/http://www.cinemafrodiscendente.com/it/--4-tezeta-a-debut-in-prime-time/</ref> Abrahamu yakiriye impamyabumenyi ye nk'umujyanama mu bukerarugendo. Yagiye muri Miss Italy mu 2010. <ref name="corriere">https://www.corriere.it/gallery/spettacoli/09-2010/missitalia/1/miss-italia-60-finaliste_d124f4ee-b5d5-11df-b220-00144f02aabe.shtml#38</ref> Abraham yashimishijwe nisi ya sinema maze atangira kwitabira amafilime afite imyaka 18, akenshi ahabwa inshingano. Mu isuzuma yabwiwe ko ari mwiza cyane, byaramutangaje. Muri 2012, Abraham yagize uruhare ruto muri film ''A Flat for Three'' . Ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo kugenzurwa numuyobozi Ivan Cotroneo muri 2015, Abraham yahawe umwanya ''mubiganiro bya TV È arrivata la felicità'' . <ref name="debut" /> Kuva mu 2015, yakoranye na Cotroneo kuri firime nyinshi na serivise. <ref name="casolaro" /> Muri 2017, Abraham yakinnye umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ashishikajwe nubuzima bwa Lord Byron na Mary Shelley, mubutaliyani muri film ngufi ''L'ultima rima'' . <ref>https://ricerca.gelocal.it/mattinopadova/archivio/mattinopadova/2018/03/20/padova-l-ultima-rima-di-fracanzani-55.html</ref> Yakinnye umubyeyi muri firime ngufi ya 2018 ''La festa più bellissima'' . Muri 2019, Abraham yafashije gutangiza iserukiramuco rya Filime rya MiWorld. <ref>http://www.cinemafrica.org/spip.php?article1772</ref> Aburahamu afite umuhungu. Yamaganaga ivanguramoko mu Butaliyani, avuga ko abirabura baba ku nkengero za sosiyete ari umuco w’Abagatolika. Abrahamu kandi ateza imbere ingendo nkinzira yo gufungura ibitekerezo mumico mishya. Ubu atuye i [[Roma]] . == Amashusho == ** 2012: ''A Flat for Three'' ** 2015-2018: ''È arrivata la felicità'' (TV series) ** 2017: ''L'ultima rima'' (short film) ** 2018: ''La festa più bellissima'' (short film) ** 2018: ''La pace all'improvviso'' (short film, director) == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] a8n0dyrto4f95z2c1zzqdvq73jxz9gd 0 9813 80957 2021-11-30T08:16:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1035755805|Franco Sacchi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Sacchi numukinnyi''' wa firime wumutaliyani akaba n'umwanditsi . <ref>https://www.ted.com/speakers/franco_sacchi</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane ''Iyi Ni Nollywood'', ''Inkone z'Abanyamerika'' no ''Gutegereza Harimagedoni'' . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bd1204ccb</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/franco-sacchi</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri [[Zambiya]] akurira mu Butaliyani. <ref>https://vimeo.com/francosacchi</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2003, yakoze documentaire ye ya mbere ''y'Abanyamerika Inkone'' . Filime yerekanwe kandi itoranywa kumugaragaro muri International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA). Muri 2005, yakoze icyerekezo ''IThis Is Nollywood'',documentaire ivuga ibijyanye ninganda za firime . <ref>https://ted2srt.org/talks/franco_sacchi_a_tour_of_nollywood_nigeria_s_booming_film_industry</ref> Filime yaje gutsindira igihembo cyabaterankunga mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Abuja. Iyo filime igenda neza, Franco yafatanije kuyobora no gufata amashusho ''Waiting for Armageddon'',, yasohotse mu 2010. <ref name="Franco">http://www.francosacchi.com/about-us/</ref> Usibye kuyobora firime, yabaye umwarimu mukuru muri Avid Technology kuva 1996 kugeza 2002. <ref name="Franco" /> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2002 |''Hunting in America'' | Muhinduzi | Filime ngufi |- | 2002 |''Easy Listening'' | Umuhuzabikorwa nyuma yumusaruro | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2003 |''American Eunuchs'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema, producer | Ikiranga inyandiko |- | 2003 |''The Letter: An American Town and the 'Somali Invasion''' | Muhinduzi | Inyandiko |- | 2004 |''The Pursuit of Pleasure'' | Muhinduzi | Inyandiko |- | 2004 |''L'assassinio di via Belpoggio'' | Umukinnyi: Gariyamoshi Cop | Filime ngufi |- | 2005 |''This Is Nollywood'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema, producer | Ikiranga inyandiko |- | 2006 |''Plastic Disasters'' | Ibyakozwe nyuma yububiko | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2010 |''Waiting for Armageddon'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema, producer, umuhuzabikorwa | Ikiranga inyandiko |- | 2009 |''It's a Young Country: Turkey and Akbank'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2010 |''Stonewall Uprising'' | Umujyanama wa tekiniki | Inyandiko |- | 2010 |''Paths of Hope: Livelihoods in Three Caribbean Communities of Costa Rica'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2010 |''A Tiny Spark'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema, producer | Video documentaire ngufi |- | 2011 |''American Experience'' | Umujyanama wa tekiniki | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''The Covenant with America's Wounded Warriors'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, sinema | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2017 |''In My Mother's House'' | Muhinduzi | Inyandiko |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] dfbwvthyylk1iakopkmprz5orps8mqo 0 9814 80958 2021-11-30T08:23:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053459792|Amin Sidi-Boumédiène]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amin Sidi-Boumédiène''' (yavutse ku ya 5 Werurwe 1982), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] ukomoka mu bufaransa. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa ''Al Djazira'' ngufi na firime ''Abou Leila'' . <ref>https://www.semainedelacritique.com/en/articles/interview-with-the-director-amin-sidi-boumedienne</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Werurwe 1982 i [[Paris]], mu Bufaransa. <ref name="critic">https://www.semainedelacritique.com/en/directors/amin-sidi-boumediene</ref> Ariko, nyuma yakuriye mu Alger, Algeria. <ref>https://www.afriquemagazine.com/amin-sidi-boum-di-ne</ref> Yagarutse mu Bufaransa yiga chimie nyuma ya baccalauréat . <ref name="torino">http://www.torinofilmlab.it/people/5739-amin-sidi-boumediene</ref> == Umwuga == Yabonye impamyabumenyi iyobowe na Conservatoire Libre du Cinéma Français (CLCF) i Paris mu 2005. <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=543948.html#:~:text=N%C3%A9%20en%201982%2C%20Amin%20Sidi,au%20Festival%20d%27Abu%20Dhabi.</ref> Noneho yakoze firime ye ya mbere ''Ejo, Algiers?'' muri 2011. <ref>http://www.zagrebfilmfestival.com/index_en.php?page=d0&iz=fpf&fid=2553</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Filime yatoranijwe mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Hanyuma yakoze firime ye ya kabiri ''Al Djazira'', yafatiwe muri Algiers muri Nyakanga 2012. Yatsindiye Igihembo cya Filime Nziza y'Abarabu mu iserukiramuco rya filime rya Abu Dhabi. <ref>http://www.sanadfilmfund.com/en/archive/2011/awards</ref> Muri 2014, yayoboye ''Serial ye ya gatatu ngufi K.'' Filime yerekanwe muminsi ya firime ya Bejaia. Nyuma yuruhererekane rwa firime ngufi zatsinze, yakoze filime yambere ''yumukobwa, Abou Leila'', film yijimye. <ref>https://www.institutfrancais.com/en/work/abou-leila-by-amin-sidi-boumediene</ref> Yarasiwe rwose mu gihugu cye cya Alijeriya. Filime yaje guhitamo kuri 58 Semaine de la Critique. Filime yasohotse mu makinamico ku ya 15 Nyakanga 2020. <ref>https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/algerie/abou-leila-j-aime-beaucoup-parler-des-hommes-sensibles-de-l-algerie-explique-le-cineaste-amin-sidi-boumedienne_4045271.html</ref> Yatoranijwe kandi kugirango yerekanwe mu cyumweru mpuzamahanga cy’abanenga muri Festival ya Cannes ya 2019 . <ref>https://www.semainedelacritique.com/en/news/discover-the-selection-of-the-58supthsup-la-semaine-de-la-critique</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2019, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza ya mbere ya Diregiteri mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime mpuzamahanga rya 50. <ref>https://iffigoa.org/indian-panorama-film-list-iffi-2019/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 | ''Ejo, Alijeriya?'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |- | 2012 | ''Al Djazira'' | Umuyobozi, ikinamico, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |- | 2014 | ''Serial K.'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 | ''Abou Leila'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] aqvqn5lcxbm1vzh1a94zwxbp67n17ru 0 9815 80959 2021-11-30T08:32:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1005782632|Mirko Popovitch]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mirko Dragolioub Popovich''' (yavutse 1948), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu Bubiligi . <ref name="cinergie">https://www.cinergie.be/personne/popovitch-mirko-dragolioub</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film izwi cyane ''Tango Ya Ba Wendo''. <ref>https://bx1.be/news/le-bonus-des-acteurs-de-bruxelles-mirko-popovitch-raconte-son-confinement/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1948 i Buruseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kandi akomoka muri [[Yugosilaviya]] . <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=10410&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=479</ref> <ref>http://www.film-documentaire.fr/4DACTION/w_liste_generique/C_12619_F</ref> == Umwuga == Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa 'Zinneke Parade' i Buruseli. Mu 1993, yakoze documentaire ngufi ''Tango Ya Ba Wendo'' hamwe na Roger Kwami Zinga wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo . Amagambo magufi avuga ku buzima bwintangiriro yumuziki wa Zairian, Wendo, uzwi kandi nka Papa Wendo. <ref>https://www.cinergie.be/actualites/tango-ya-ba-wendo-de-mirko-popovitch</ref> Kuva 1966 kugeza 1980, Popovitch yakoraga nk'umucuranzi mumatsinda ya rock. Yakomeje gukora nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ikigo ndangamuco cya Watermael - Boitsfort imyaka 28. Mu 1997, yabaye komiseri ushinzwe ibikorwa bya ''Na Nga Def Senegal'', aho yaje gukorera ''Laafi Burkina Faso'' mu 1999 na ''Alafia Benin'' mu 2004. Usibye sinema, ni n'umwanditsi mwinshi. Mu 2004, yanditse kandi asohora inkuru ngufi zatsindiye igihembo cya mbere cya Francité mu 2004 hanyuma yegukana igihembo cya RTBF Fureur de lire 2004. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yatorewe kuba Umuyobozi w’umuryango udaharanira inyungu Africalia, aho yakomereje imyaka 7 hanyuma asezera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2013. Hamwe n'uburambe bwose yabonye muri iyi myaka, yatangije umurongo wa documentaire yakozwe nabakinnyi ba firime nyafurika kubijyanye numuco. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1978 | ''Magnum Begynasium Bruxellense'' | Ukoresha kamera | Inyandiko |- | 1979 | ''Symphonie (Soliloque)'' | Umukinnyi wa sinema | Filime ngufi |- | 1993 | ''Tango Ya Ba Wendo'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko |- | 2012 | ''Mavambu'' | Umuyobozi, sinema, umwanditsi | Inyandiko ngufi |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] cj8fdsd1tgdt5tupphwfs46aoz08f8e 0 9816 80960 2021-11-30T08:36:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053459328|Ahmed Benaissa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Benaissa''', ni umukinnyi a firime mu Bufaransa ukomoka muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/166549.html</ref> <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2141291/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime zizwi cyane ''Étoile aux dents ou Poulou le magnifique'', ''Amarembo yizuba'' hamwe ''n’abanzi ba hafi'' . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/166549/filmo/</ref> <ref>https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/335866/ahmed-benaissa</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri Alijeriya mu muryango w'abakobwa batanu n'abahungu bane. Se yari umurwanashyaka wafashwe agafungirwa muri Alijeriya. Icyakora yaje kurekurwa nyuma y'ubwigenge bwa Alijeriya. Nyuma yaje kwimukira i [[Paris|Paris mu]] Bufaransa. Yabayeho hafi imyaka 18 mu Bufaransa. Muri icyo gihe, yahawe amahugurwa mu Ishuri ry’Ikinamico. <ref name="lavoisineleblog">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.lavoisineleblog.com/ahmed-benaissa/ "Ahmed Benaïssa"]. lavoisineleblog<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Arubatse, ni se w'abahungu babiri. == Umwuga == Mu 1971, Benaïssa yatangiye umwuga we wa sinema akoresheje filime ''Étoile aux dents ou Poulou le magnifique'' iyobowe na Derri Berkani. Yakinnye nka 'Jibé' muri iyo film. Iyo filime igenda neza, yakiriye filime nyinshi mu myaka yakurikiyeho nka filime yo muri Alijeriya ''Leïla et les autres'' mu 1977 iyobowe na Sid Ali Mazif, ''Buamama'' mu 1985 iyobowe na Benamar Bakhti na comedi izwi cyane ''Le Clandestin'' mu 1989 iyobowe na Bakhti. <ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=166549.html</ref> Yakinnye cyane muri 'Haroun', muri film L'Etranger de Camus. Yakinnye kandi anayobora kuri Theatre yigihugu ya Algiers, ndetse no muri Theatre ya Regional ya Oran. Yayoboye kandi Ikinamico y'akarere ka Sidi-Bel-Abbès. Muri 2013, yatsindiye igihembo cyerekezo cyiza cya film ''Nedjma'' . Benaïssa yakinnye nka 'Rida' muri Ramzi Ben Sliman ya mbere yerekana filime ''My Revolution'' . Yasohotse mu Bufaransa muri Kanama 2015. Kuri Theatre, urugendo na ''Meursaults'' rurakomeje mu Bufaransa muri 2017. <ref name="lavoisineleblog">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.lavoisineleblog.com/ahmed-benaissa/ "Ahmed Benaïssa"]. lavoisineleblog<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> [[Dosiye:The_regional_theater_Of_Oran.jpg|right|thumb| Ikinamico y'akarere ka Oran, aho Ahmed yari umuyobozi]] == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1971 |''Étoile aux dents ou Poulou le magnifique'' |Jibé |Film |- |1977 |''Leïla et les autres'' | |Film |- |1980 |''Kahla Oua Beida'' | |TV Movie |- |1985 |''Buamama'' | |Film |- |1989 |''Le Clandestin'' | |Film |- |1990 |''De Hollywood à Tamanrasset'' |Rai TV |Film |- |1994 |''Bab El Oued City'' |The Imam |Film |- |1994 |''Le démon au féminin'' | |Film |- |2006 |''Mon colonel'' |Ben Miloud |Film |- |2006 |''Barakat!'' |Homme accueil hôpital |Film |- |2006 |''[[Rome Rather Than You]]'' |The policeman |Film |- |2006 |''The Colonel'' |Ben Miloud |Film |- |2006 |''Es reicht!'' |Receptionist in the hospital |Film |- |2007 |''Morituri'' |Commissaire Dine |Film |- |2007 |''Délice Paloma'' |Monsieur Bellil |Film |- |2007 |''Nuits d'Arabie'' |The shepherd |Film |- |2008 |''Gabbla'' |Lakhdar |Film |- |2008 |''Mostefa Ben Boulaid'' |Si Lakhdar |Film |- |2009 |''Harragas'' |Père de Nasser |Film |- |2010 |''Hors la loi'' |Le père |Film |- |2010 |''Outside The Law'' |Der Vater |Film |- |2010 |''The Last Passenger'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Normal!'' |Ahmed |Film |- |2013 |''Warda Al Jazayria: Eyyam'' |Ahmed Benaissa |Video short |- |2013 |''Sotto voce'' | |Film |- |2014 |''J'ai dégagé Ben Ali'' | |Film |- |2014 |''The Man from Oran'' |Hassan |Film |- |2014 |''Gates of the Sun'' |Mohamed |Film |- |2014 |''Krim Belkacem'' | |Film |- |2014 |''Ma révolution'' |Rida |Film |- |2015 |''Mista'' | |Film |- |2015 |''Lotfi'' |Si Abdellah |Film |- |2017 |''Ismael's Ghosts'' |Farias |Film |- |2018 |''Close Enemies'' |Raji |Film |- |2019 |''Papicha'' |Hafid |Film |- |2019 |''Le sang des loups'' |Le commissaire |Film |- |2019 |''Wlad Lahlal'' |father of Marzaq, Zino and Yahya |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 91bpyp33xodgu453itzdf54jmity86y 0 9817 80961 2021-11-30T08:43:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1049692440|Abdelhamid Bouchnak]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdelhamid Bouchnak''' (wavutse 1984), ni umukinnyi ukunzwe cyane wa filimi muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa filime ''iteye'' ubwoba yo muri Tuniziya Dachra. <ref name="abdel">http://cinematunisien.com/2019/05/22/abdelhamid-bouchnak/</ref> <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2135534/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1984 i Tunis, muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Se Lotfi Bouchnak numuririmbyi uzwi cyane wo muri Tuniziya umukinnyi wa Oud uzwi cyane. Abdelhamid yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga Ryashushanyije muri Tuniziya (ESAC) i Gammarth. Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Montreal arangiza afite impamyabumenyi yo kwiga film. <ref name="abdel">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://cinematunisien.com/2019/05/22/abdelhamid-bouchnak/ "Abdelhamid Bouchnak: Director, born in 1984 in Tunis, Tunisia"]. cinematunisien<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yabaye umuyobozi muri sosiyete Shkoon Production. Ariko, ubanza yakoraga nka ''cinemateri'' murubuga rwa Ta7ana, hamwe na tereviziyo ya ''Hedhoukom'' . Yagiye kandi muri firime ngufi nk'umukinnyi wa sinema muri ''Alliance'' muri 2011 hanyuma ''Le Bonbon'' muri 2016. Nyuma yimyaka mike, yayoboye inyandiko zamateka, ''Jadis Kerkouane'' . <ref>http://africultures.com/films/?no=19465&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=479</ref> Muri 2018, Abdelhamid yayoboye filime ye yambere ''yumukobwa'', Dachra, film iteye ubwoba. <ref>https://www.realites.com.tn/2018/03/le-fils-de-bouchnak-prepare-un-film-dhorreur-tunisien/</ref> Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma iza gutoranywa mu cyumweru mpuzamahanga cy’abanenga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Venice . <ref>http://www.webdo.tn/2018/07/23/dachra-de-abdelhamid-bouchnak-selectionne-a-la-semaine-de-la-critique-de-la-mostra-de-venise/#.X6FlbETPzIU</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa filime, yayoboye igihembwe cya 1 cya televiziyo ''Nouba cyanyuze'' kuri Nessma mu kwezi kwa Ramadhan muri 2019. <ref>http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2019/02/23/apres-dachra-abdelhamid-bouchnak-retrouve-la-television-avec-nouba/</ref> Hanyuma yayoboye Season 2 ''yuruhererekane rumwe, yise Ochèg Eddenia'' yatangajwe muri 2020. <ref>http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2019/02/23/apres-dachra-abdelhamid-bouchnak-retrouve-la-television-avec-nouba/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 |''Alliance'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |- | 2016 |''Hethoukom'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, ukora kamera, umwanditsi, umukinnyi: Icyamamare | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''Once Kerkouane'' | Umuyobozi, umukinnyi wa sinema | Inyandiko |- | 2018 |''Dachra'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, umwanditsi | Filime |- | 2018 |''Le Bonbon'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer, umwanditsi | Filime ngufi |- | 2019 |''Nouba'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2021 |''kan ye makanich'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2021 |''Golden Butterfly'' | | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] n6ca2fpakvo1du6x969hjmyfvje70pc 0 9818 80962 2021-11-30T08:49:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1029143373|Paul Onsongo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Onsongo''' (yavutse 21 Nyakanga 1948), ni ni umukinnyi wakoze filimi nyinshi zikomeye muri [[Kenya]] . <ref>https://rankly.com/item/paul-onsongo</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri filime ''Umusozi w'ukwezi'', ''Küken für Kairo'' na ''Flame Tree of Thika'' . <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bb3510175</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 21 Nyakanga 1948 i Mombasa, muri Kenya. == Umwuga == Mu 1974, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime na ''Wilby Conspiracy'' . <ref>https://www.starnow.co.uk/paulonsongo/</ref> Mu 1981, yatangiriye kuri tereviziyo ya mini na ''The Flame Tree of Thika'' . Yakinnye uruhare rwa 'Juma' mubice bine byuruhererekane rwa mini. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/paul-onsongo/filmografie</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yakinnye muri filime yerekana ubuzima bwa ''[[Rise and Fall of Idi Amin|Rise na Fall ya Idi Amin]]'' aho iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo bitanu, harimo n'umukinnyi mwiza, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Las Vegas. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_9MHJ51bUI Obituary: Joseph Olita on playing Idi Amin] at YouTube</ref> Hanyuma mu 1985, yagaragaye muri firime ishimishije ''Küken für Kairo'' aho yakinnye cyane nka 'Umucuruzi'. Mu 1987, yakinnye cyane muri Megitew muri firime ya tereviziyo ''Turi Abana'', aho yamenyekanye cyane. Mu 1989, yakinnye nk'umugome wa Abdullah muri filime ''Cheetah'' . Mu 1990, yagaragaye muri firime yerekana ubuzima bwa ''Mountains of the Moon'' afite uruhare 'Sidi Bombay'. <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/lifestyle/2000115287/kenyans-who-could-have-won-oscars-but-didnt</ref> Uruhare rwe rwamenyekanye cyane. <ref>http://www.castingfiles.com/index.php?obsah=viewprofile&id=559&membership_type=talent</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1974 |''Wilby Conspiracy'' | | Filime |- | 1981 |''The Flame Trees of Thika'' | Juma | TV Mini-Urukurikirane |- | 1981 |''Rise and Fall of Idi Amin'' | | Filime |- | 1985 |''Küken für Kairo'' | Umucuruzi | Filime |- | 1987 |''We Are the Children'' | Megitew | Filime ya TV |- | 1987 |''The Kitchen Toto'' | Utanga indahiro | Filime |- | 1989 |''Cheetah'' | Abdullah | Filime |- | 1990 |''Mountains of the Moon'' | Sidi Bombay | Filime |- | 1997 |''Baisikol'' | | Filime ya TV |- | 1999 |''Schwarzes Blut'' | | Filime ya TV |} == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] auv2mqj72oj31kdkgxtzfrdz89ttgi6 0 9819 80963 2021-11-30T09:14:37Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1020215726|Shamira Raphaela]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shamira Raphaëla''' (yavutse 1982), ni umukinnyi wa filimi wo muri Aruba ukomoka mu buholandi . <ref>https://www.filmfestival.nl/persoon/shamira-raphaela/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire ''Daddy and the Warlord'', ''Deal With It'' and ''Our Motherland''. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1982 muri Karayibe, akurira muri Aruba kwa nyina w’Ubuholandi na se wa Curaçao. <ref name="caribi">https://caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl/2019/10/15/shamira-raphaela-aruba-het-gouden-kalf-komt-naar-huis/</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma ya voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs (VWO), yimukiye mu Buholandi yiga ubuhanzi bwiza muri Gerrit Rietveld Academie . Nyuma yaje kubona impamyabumenyi yubuhanzi bwitangazamakuru muri kaminuza yubuhanzi ya ArtEZ . Ku ikubitiro, yatangiye gukora nk'umuyobozi wigenga aho yayoboye ibiganiro byinshi bya tereviziyo: ''Expeditie Robinson'' na ''Spuiten en Slikken'' . <ref name="caribi" /> Muri 2006, Raphaela yakoze kandi ayobora film ye ya mbere ''Yumunyu Mumaso Yanjye'' . Amagambo magufi avuga abakobwa batatu ba Aruban. Nyuma yo gutsinda kwikabutura nyinshi, yakoze bwa mbere documentaire ''Deal With It'' . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza nyuma iza gutangwa mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ry’umujyi wa Los Angeles, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Belize ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Aruba. Iyi filime irazenguruka inkuru y’abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge n’abasinzi: se Pempy na murumuna we Andy, mubyukuri abo mu muryango we. Iyi filime yatorewe kuba umukinnyi wa mbere witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ry’Ubuholandi (NFF) 2015. Muri 2017, iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Lenno na Sunfish igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'amafilime mpuzamahanga ya Amsterdam (IDFA) kubera igihembo cyiza cy'urubyiruko. <ref name="krakowfilmfestival">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.krakowfilmfestival.pl/en/online-cinema/film/?f=3169 "Our Motherland"]. krakowfilmfestival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2017, yanditse filime ''Yamanutse ya Superwoman'' aho yatsindiye igihembo cya Karen de Bok muri IDFA, 2018. Muri uwo mwaka, yakoze ''Lenno na Angelfish'' . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana igihembo cy’inyandiko nziza z’abana b’i Burayi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Berlin mu 2019 hanyuma ihabwa igihembo cy’inyandiko nziza z’abana muri IDFA, 2018. <ref name="krakowfilmfestival">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.krakowfilmfestival.pl/en/online-cinema/film/?f=3169 "Our Motherland"]. krakowfilmfestival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2018, yakoze documentaire yerekana ubuzima bwa ''Daddy na Warlord'' izenguruka ku nkuru y’umunyamakuru Clarice Gargard, wahoze ari umugabo w’iburyo bwa Charles Taylor, wahoze ari perezida wa [[Liberiya]] . Filime yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Sinema Iserukiramuco rya film muri 2019. Nyuma, film yatsindiye Inyana ya Zahabu kubwinyandiko ngufi nziza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema ry’Ubuholandi 2019. Ukuboza 2019, yakoze documentaire ''Ons Motherland'' . <ref>https://www.humanrightsfilmfestivalberlin.de/en/daddy-and-warlord</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 |''Serious Request'' | umuyobozi w'igice | TV idasanzwe |- | 2010 |''Spuiten en Slikken'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 |''Vier handen op één buik'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Welkom bij de Kamara's'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''Chantal blijft slapen'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''Deal with it'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | 2016 |''Expeditie Robinson'' | Umuyobozi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''Lenno and the Angelfish'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko ngufi |- | 2019 |''Daddy and the Warlord'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2019 |''Our Motherland'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | TBD |''Downfall of a Superwoman'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |- | TBD | ''De Peperklip'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Inyandiko |} [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] k1cvwgcju8dgr9buzfeocyivook21r3 0 9820 80964 2021-11-30T09:19:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1007106844|Talal Selhami]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Talal Selhami''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Werurwe 1982), ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Maroke]] ukomoka mu [[bufaransa]] . <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/448787.html</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane ''Mirages'', ''Achoura'' hamwe ''nabashushanyaga Ibiremwa - The Frankenstein Complex'' . <ref name="sitges">https://sitgesfilmfestival.com/eng/fitxa_director?id=100301</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == yavutse ku ya 11 Werurwe 1982 i Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine mu Bufaransa nk'umuhererezi w'umuryango. Se, Mohamed Selhami ni umunyamakuru wa Maroc akaba ari nawe washinze ikinyamakuru Maroc Hebdo International. Yarangije icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu buhanzi no kwidagadura, inzobere mu gukora, muri kaminuza ya Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne . <ref name="bifff">https://www.bifff.net/talal-selhami/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2005, yakoze umukobwa we muto ''Sinistra'' . <ref name="bifff" /> Nyuma yo gutsinda muri make, yakoze ''Partir en umwotsi'' muri 2007. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoze filime ye ya mbere yerekana, ''Mirage'' . Iyi filime ihagarariwe kumugaragaro mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Marrakech mu 2010 ndetse na Tangier National Film Festival muri 2011. Filime yaje gutsindira ibihembo bibiri: Kumashusho meza no Gusobanura neza Abagore. Mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Bruxelles (BIFFF) i Buruseli, 2011 yakiriye filime idasanzwe y'abacamanza. Ukuboza 2018, yasohoye filime ye ''Achoura, La nuit des enfants'' nk'umusaruro uhuriweho na Franco-Maroc. <ref>http://www.lesecransterribles.com/achoura-interview-talal-selhami/50159</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru cumi n'itanu ku isi: harimo, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime mpuzamahanga rya Paris, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ryiza ryabereye i Buruseli, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Bucheon (BiFan) muri Koreya y'Epfo ndetse na Neuchâtel International Fantastic Film Festival (NIFFF) muri Neuchâtel. Nyuma muri 2019, Talal yahawe igihembo cyumusaruro mwiza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tangier ndetse n’abacamanza badasanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sitges . Hagati aho, filime yanatanze igihembo cyiza cya Filime muri HARD: LINE International Film Festival mu [[Budage]]. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 |''Sinistra'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2007 |''Partir en smoke'' | Umuyobozi | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 |''Mirages'' | Umuyobozi, umufasha wa producer, umwanditsi | Filime |- | 2015 |''Creature Designers - The Frankenstein Complex'' | Associate producer | Inyandiko |- | 2018 |''Achoura'' | Umuyobozi, producer, umwanditsi | Filime |- | 2020 |''Tell Me Why'' | Umuhanzi | Umukino wa videwo |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] lkmay8l4jiaqdhv6sa50abxp9e1qnkb 0 9821 80965 2021-11-30T09:26:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1025026355|Lauren Roberts]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauren Selmon Roberts''' ni umukinnyi wa firime ndetse akaba na producer ukomoka muri [[amerika]] . Ni umuyobozi wa ''Rainbow Town'', documentaire yibanze ku mfubyi muri [[Liberiya|Liberiya yatewe]] n'intambara. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/lauren-selmon-roberts/filmografie</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/lauren-selmon-roberts</ref> == Umwuga == Ni umukobwa wa Kathryn na Dewey Selmon wa Norman, Oklahoma . Yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru ryamamaza muri kaminuza ya Leta ya California, Fresno muri Gicurasi 2005. Nyuma yaho, yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi bwiza yakuye muri College of Mass Communication and Media Arts of Southern Illinois University Carbondale . <ref>https://news.siu.edu/2010/02/020210par10017.php</ref> Igihe yari afite imyaka 14, yatangiye gukoresha kamera ya videwo. Roberts yakoze amashusho ye ya mbere, yinjira mubucuruzi bwa WNBA afite imyaka 15. Muri kiriya gihe, yatangiye gukina imirimo myinshi mwishuri nko gutanga raporo, kubyara, kurasa no gutunganya. Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yakoraga kumiyoboro yamakuru. <ref name="fatales">http://www.filmfatales.org/directors/laurenselmonroberts</ref> Hagati aho, yagiye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba gushaka documentaire. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri akorana nimpfubyi zintambara & abahoze ari abasirikari babana muri Liberiya, yahisemo gukora documentaire ye yambere yuzuye, ''Umujyi wa Rainbow Town'' muri 2010. Yabaye kandi umukinnyi wa sinema akaba n'umwanditsi wa documentaire. Iyi filime irazenguruka inkuru yukuri yumugore warokoye ubuzima bwimfubyi zintambara zirenga 250 mugihe cyintambara yabenegihugu. Nyuma yo gushimwa cyane, iyi filime yanahawe igihembo n’umuyobozi wa Guild of America. Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa muri New York Fashion Week, mu nzu ndangamurage ya Tolerance International Festival Festival ndetse nandi maserukiramuco ya firime mpuzamahanga. <ref name="fatales" /> Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa filime, yinjiye nka producer muri NBCUniversal uruganda rukora uruganda, 'Peacock Productions'. Kuva mu 2011, yakoraga nka producer wungirije, producer wungirije hamwe na producer nyobozi kuri serivise zitandukanye za tereviziyo, umwihariko wa TV hamwe na documentaire. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 |''Rainbow Town'' | Umuyobozi, sinema, umwanditsi | Video documentaire |- | 2011 |''The 85th Anniversary of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade'' | Umufasha wa producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2012 |''Dateline NBC'' | Umufasha wa producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 |''Adele: Live in London with Matt Lauer'' | Umufasha wa producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2012 |''Sandy: The Anatomy of a Superstorm'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2012 |''Breaking Amish'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Cycling High: Doping to Win'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2013 |''Caught on Camera: Terror in Boston'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2015 |''Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances'' | Associate producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2015 |''Why Planes Crash'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''The Real American Sniper'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2015 |''Hate in America'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2016 |''The Seven New Signs of the Apocalypse'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2016 |''Hate in America'' | Associate producer | TV Mini-Series documentaire |- | 2017 |''Beyond the Headlines'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''Headliners'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Behind Closed Doors'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] aq6a61f4oy4laxsa6qfl2wmtk82t115 0 9822 80966 2021-11-30T09:33:49Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1052413670|Ayanda Daweti]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayanda Daweti''' (wavutse 1990), umenyerewe nka '''Tuckshop Bafanaz''', ni umukinnyi wa muzika wo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] akaba n'umucuranzi. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe 'Chumani Langa' muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya Scandal!. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/scandals-ayanda-daweti-on-playing-a-queer-character-this-role-has-helped-a-lot-of-people-20200814</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1990 akurira i Tsolo, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Nyina Nomalizo Daweti yapfuye azize indwara z'umutima asinziriye ubwo Ayanda yari afite imyaka 13. <ref name="news24">https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/scandals-ayanda-daweti-on-his-heartache-after-losing-his-mother-at-13-20190923</ref> Nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyina, yimukiye i Mhlakulo, Tsolo mu burasirazuba bwa Cape hamwe na nyirasenge Stella Sondaba na nyirakuru Nomonde Sondaba. Nyuma yimyaka mike, yimukiye i Johannesburg . Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye, yimukiye i Cape Town yiga IT ndetse yiga n'ubuhanzi muri kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga ya Tshwane, Pretoria. <ref>https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/5-interesting-facts-about-chumani-from-scandal/ar-BB188KCr</ref> == Umwuga == Uruhare rwe rwa tereviziyo ruzwi cyane kandi ruzwi cyane rwanyuze kuri eTv isabune opera ''Scandal!'', aho yakinnye 'Chumani Langa'. <ref>https://zalebs.com/relationships/hungani-ndlovu/hungani-ndlovu-and-ayanda-daweti-s-offscreen-bromance</ref> Muri serial, yakinnye uruhare mubyukuri muto kurenza imyaka ye. <ref name="Herbst 2020">https://briefly.co.za/72343-scandals-ayanda-dawetis-performance-fans-standing-applauding.html</ref> Muri 2018 yatsindiye igihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cyiza cya Filime ya TV muri Filime na Televiziyo yo muri Afrika yepfo kubera film ye ''Okae Molao'' . <ref name="news24" /> Muri 2020, yatumiriwe kugira uruhare mu biganiro bya televiziyo ''Amaraso Zaburi'' . <ref>https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2020/08/ayanda-daweti-bags-a-role-on-an-upcoming-drama-series/</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umucuranzi yakoresheje izina rya stage 'Tuckshop Bafanaz'. <ref>https://okmzansi.co.za/5-fun-facts-you-need-to-know-about-scandal-actor-ayanda-daweti/</ref> Yatangiye umuziki kubijyanye na nyirasenge, aho yasohoye inzira itandatu ya mbere ya EP. Muri 2019, yasohoye alubumu yeguriwe nyina. Yakundanye n'umukobwa witwa Xola kuva 2007 kugeza apfuye azize impanuka ikomeye y'imodoka mu 2010. Nyuma, yeguriye indirimbo 'Xola' kugirango amwibuke.  == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2009 | ''Urukozasoni!'' | Chumani Langa | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 8crp12ur9bqzpjo6nkfap9zp4bjq8r6 0 9823 80967 2021-11-30T09:38:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1002886928|Tshepo Maseko]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshepo Maseko''' (yavutse 7 Werurwe 1974), ni umukinnyi wa firime muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe muri serial izwi cyane ''Isidingo'',''Vehicle 19'' and ''More Than Just a Game''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-25|title=Real-life drama for soapie star Tshepo Maseko who won't pay up|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-01-21-real-life-drama-for-soapie-star-tshepo-maseko-who-wont-pay-up/|archive-date=2020-11-25|access-date=2020-11-25|website=sowetanlive}}</ref> <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/news/2018-01-21-real-life-drama-for-soapie-star-tshepo-maseko-who-wont-pay-up/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 7 Werurwe 1974 muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yabonye Impamyabumenyi y'igihugu muri Drama yakuye muri Pretoria Technikon ubu izwi ku izina rya Tshwane University of Technology . Nyuma yimyaka mike, yabaye Radio Itangaza kuri Motsweding FM. <ref name="youthvillage">https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2014/10/10-things-didnt-know-tshepo-maseko/</ref> Yashakanye na Masego Morapedi kuva 2013. Abashakanye bafite abakobwa batatu. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we afite imyaka 13. Mu 1998, yatangiriye kuri tereviziyo ya ''Isidingo'' aho yakinnye nka 'Parsons Matabane' imyaka myinshi. Mu 2005, yagaragaye muri filime ngufi ''Blow'' akina 'Nick'. Hanyuma muri 2007, yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime hamwe na ''Poena Is Koning'' . Muri 2008, yashizeho umurongo wimyenda witwa 'Phologolo Active Wear' (PAW). <ref name="youthvillage" /> Yakinnye kandi muri serial ''#Karektas'' nkumushyitsi wicyamamare hanyuma kuri serial ''Ba Kae?'' nka Nyiricyubahiro.  Muri 2011, yatsindiye Igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu isabune ya TV kuri SAFTA. Muri uwo mwaka, yarushanwe mu marushanwa ya M-Net yo ''kurokoka Afurika y'Epfo Survivor: Maldives'' nk'umuhanzi w'icyamamare. Muri 2013, yakinnye muri firime mpuzamahanga ya ''Vehicle 19'' . Muri filime, yashyize ahagaragara 'Lieutenant'. Yakiriye Igihembwe cya munani cyuburere bukuze bwerekana ukuri ''Kubuzima'' Bwerekanwe kuri SABC2. Hanyuma yagaragaye muri make ''Impeta'' . Hagati aho, kuva 2012 kugeza 2013, yabaye umuyobozi wa gahunda yumuziki w’amadini ''Gospel Classics yo'' mu gihe cya kabiri. <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3093</ref> === Inshingano za tereviziyo === * ''#Karektas'' nkumushyitsi wicyamamare * ''Ba Kae?'' nka Nyiricyubahiro * ''Indahiro Yacitse'' nka T. * ''Umujyi wa Diamond'' nka Kgosi * ''Ubutumwa Bwiza bwa Gospel nkuwakiriye'' * ''Isidingo'' nka Parsons Matabane * ''Nka Data'' Nkumuhungu nka Themba Sibeko * ''Lithapo'' nka Brian * ''MTV Shuga'' nka Robert * ''Abera n'abanyabyaha'' nka Thabang Moloiswa * ''Kumurika'' nk'umucamanza * ''Skwizas'' nka Samusoni * ''Umuhanda wa Mangaung'' nkumuyobozi mukuru wa Raps Modisane * ''Kurokoka Afrika yepfo'' nkumunywanyi * ''Impeta'' nka Tshepo / Thabo == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 | ''Gukubita'' | Nick | Filime ngufi |- | 2007 | ''Poena Is Koning'' | | Filime |- | 2007 | ''Kurenza Umukino'' | Liyetona | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Ikinyabiziga 19'' | Liyetona | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ez9l24cm66vqvrnmnn2tfbg69dw21pj 0 9824 80968 2021-11-30T09:43:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/990070013|Michelle Beling]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Beling-Pretorius''', ni umukinnyi wa filimi [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]] . <ref>http://www.springsouth.co.nz/michelle-beling-pretorius.html</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri serial izwi cyane ''Isidingo'',''Egoli: Place of Gold'' . <ref>https://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Michelle_Beling</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye kandi akurira mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, Afurika y'Epfo. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina akiri muto cyane. Yabanje kwinjira mu ikinamico yo muri Afurika yepfo anakina udukino twinshi mu gihugu hose. Mu 1999, yimukiye i Gauteng kugira ngo akore umwuga w'umwuga. Mubuzima bwe i Gauteng, yerekanye bwa mbere kumugaragaro muri ''Girl Talk 2000'' . Hanyuma yagaragaye nk <nowiki>'' Patty '</nowiki>ubabaza muri ''Sitade ya Grease'' . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=2653</ref> Yatangiye gukina kuri tereviziyo ya ''Egoli: Place of Gold'' muri 2009. Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye nka 'Candice (Candy) Botha Smith' kuva mu bihe 10 kugeza 18. <ref>https://www.netwerk24.com/Sarie/Bekendes/Het-Jy-Gehoor/fotos-michelle-beling-trou-20170914</ref> Uwiteka yakoze umushyitsi muri serial ''Generations'' . Yakinnye uruhare rwo gushyigikira 'Janine Cullanan' muri serie ''High Rollers'' hanyuma yinjira muri televiziyo izwi cyane kuri televiziyo ''Isidingo'' aho yakinnye nka 'Wendy'. == Amashusho == * ''Egoli: Place of Gold'' nka Candice (Candy) Botha Smith * ''Ibisekuruza'' nkinyenyeri * ''Abazunguruka hejuru'' nka Janine Cullanan * ''Isidingo'' nka Wendy == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] g6td0luvs1we0zrjovtcseiwpp7ubzy 0 9825 80969 2021-11-30T09:51:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1042181842|Khanya Mkangisa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khanya Mkangisa''' (wavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1988), ni umukinnyi wa filimi [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] . Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri serial izwi cyane ''Isidingo'',''Shattered, Step Up to a Start Up'' and ''Harvest''. . Ni n'umunyamakuru kuri tereviziyo akaba n'umuhanzi wa DJ. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/Celebs/khanya-mkhangisa-admits-to-losing-work-following-drinking-and-driving-arrest-20190923</ref> azwi kuri YoTv kimwe no gukundana. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 13 Werurwe 1988 i Peddie, muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yarangije muri AFDA, Ishuri ryubukungu bwo guhanga . Yakundanye n'umuraperi, J Molley kumurusha imyaka 10 aho ibihuha byatangiriye mu Kwakira 2019. <ref>https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/tweeps-weigh-in-on-khanya-mkangisa-and-j-molleys-10-year-age-gap-4851d9f4-eaf3-43d4-a0a3-7e5e1871735d</ref> == Umwuga == Afite imyaka 14, yinjiye kuri tereviziyo maze aba umunyamakuru wa Yo YV. Yakomeje gukora mu musaruro imyaka itatu. Hanyuma yimutse kugirango yerekane siyanse ''yubumenyi yitwa Knock Knock'' . Mu 2004, yerekanye televiziyo ye ya mbere ''yakinnye muri serie Mthunzini.'' ''Com'' . Nyuma yaje gukina muri ''Lab1'' nka 'Refilwe' na ''Ugugu noAndile'' . Nkumunyamakuru, yakiriye igitaramo cyo kubyina 'Shield Teen'. Hagati aho, yagaragaye cyane mu bitaramo bizwi cyane muri ''Zone 14'' muri 2011 na ''Intersexions'' muri 2012. Muri 2012, yakinnye muri BBC ''yise Mad Dogs III'' afite uruhare 'Anna'. Hanyuma muri 2013, yinjiye mu bakinnyi basanzwe ba serial ''Zabalaza'' akina 'Mpilo'. <ref>https://legends.co.za/model/khanya-mkangisa/</ref> Muri 2019, yerekanye bwa mbere nk'umuhanzi wa DJ maze akora ibitaramo muri Jozi to Quilox weekend weekend i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]] . <ref>https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/pics-khanya-mkangisa-is-in-nigeria-for-the-first-time-and-she-loves-it-20190911</ref> Muri 2020, yagaragaye bwa mbere muri sabune izwi cyane ''Muvhango'' afite uruhare rwa 'Mbali'. <ref>https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/khanya-mkangisa-bags-new-role-on-muvhango/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2012 |''Forced Love'' | Nonhle | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''Step Up to a Start Up'' | Byishimo Rammala | Filime |- | 2015 |''Isidingo'' | Aphiwe Nzimande | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Doubt'' | Lindiwe | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2017 |''Harvest'' | | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] lm8z42f98in2jsschig5s5wczny79h9 0 9826 80970 2021-11-30T10:03:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053267892|Keabetswe Motsilanyane]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Keabetswe 'KB' Motsilanyane''' (yavutse 8 Mata 1979), uzwi cyane nka '''KB Mamosadi''', ni umuhanzi wo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] ukora ibitaramo, umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo, producer, umukinnyi wa firime, umubyinnyi ndetse n'umugore w'ubucuruzi . <ref>https://afternoonexpress.co.za/guests/kb-motsilanyane/3033</ref> KB yakuze ashishikarira umuziki nubuhanzi muri iyo ntara. Yinjiye mu itsinda ry’icyamamare muri Afurika y'Epfo, Crowded Crew, wamenyekanye cyane mu mpera za 90. Mu 2001, KB yinjiye muri e-TV isabune Backstage nka we, byahuriranye no kumurika alubumu ye ya mbere, Beautiful Vibrations (2002), yagaragayemo indirimbo yakunzwe cyane 'OA lla', imuha izina rya Mamosadi. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare rwe muri serie izwi cyane ''Backstage'', Mthunzini.com, ''Rhythm City'' and ''7de Laan'' . <ref name="briefly">https://briefly.co.za/36448-kb-motsilanyane-biography-age-son-husband-boyfriend-songs-albums-nominations-instagram-net-worth.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Mata 1979 i Moruleng, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]]  Yigeze gushyingiranwa na Terry Pinana mbere yuko batandukana muri 2007. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-03-04-kb-motsilanyane-i-love-like-an-idiot/</ref> Ni nyina w'umuhungu umwe. <ref>https://www.youthvillage.co.za/2015/10/kb-motsilanyane-finally-opens-up-about-her-relationship-with-ex-husband/</ref> == Umwuga == KB ifite alubumu 6 kugeza ubu, zamugize umuhanzi uzwi cyane watsindiye ibihembo muri Afrika yepfo. Ni imyidagaduro yuzuye yasangiye stage n'abahanzi bakomeye nka : Eve, Sibongile Khumalo, Busta Rhymes, Beyonce, Prime Circle, Ashanti, Dwele na Brandy. Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina mu 1999 akina amakinamico. Azwi cyane mubyerekanwa ''Backstage'' aho yakinnye nka 'KayBee'. Kohereza urugendo rwe kuri iki gitaramo, nyuma yakinnye nka 'Lucilla Vilakazi' muri televiziyo izwi cyane ya ''Rhythm City'' . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=7336</ref> Yabaye umukinnyi usanzwe muri uruhererekane kugeza igihe azagenda muri 2015. Muri 2017, yinjiye muri Afrika yepfo Afrika yisabune izwi cyane yisabune ''7de Laan'' kandi akina nkumunyamategeko ukomeye, 'Lesedi'. Yakinnye kandi muri saison ya kabiri ''yuruhererekane rwa Thola'' nka 'Dibuseng Makwarela'. Yakinnye kandi murukurikirane ''Mtunzini.com'' nka 'Phaphama Molefe'. KB yatsindiye ibihembo bibiri byigihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi mwiza mu isabune ya TV muri 2008 na 2011. <ref name="briefly" /> == Ibihembo == Yabonye ibihembo byinshi bya muzika: ** 2003 Metro FM Award Best RnB ** 2003 Metro FM Awards Best Newcomer ** 2003 SAMA Best RNB ** 2004 Metro FM Award Best Female Artist ** 2004 Metro FM Award Best RnB ** 2005 & 2006 Kid's Choice Awards Favourite Female Artist ** 2005 Metro FM Award Best Female Artist ** 2008 SAMA Best Urban Pop 2008 Metro FM Award Best Styled Artist == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2001 |''Ali'' | Mushikiwabo | Filime |- | 2005 |''Backstage'' | KayBee | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 |''Rhythm City'' | Lucilla Vilakazi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 |''Thola'' | Dibuseng Makwarela | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Mtunzini.com'' | Phaphama Molefe | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''7de Laan'' | Lesedi Moloi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 8bodtn40u4mtqqsl0am7ue4qqcs9pz7 0 9827 80971 2021-11-30T10:08:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1043495352|Dyana Gaye]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Dyana Gaye''' (wavutse 1975) ni umuyobozi w'amafirime mu [[bufaransa]] ariko aturuka muri [[senegali]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Gaye yavukiye i Paris mu 1975, umukobwa w’abimukira bo muri Senegali, yiga muri kaminuza ya Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis yiga filime. <ref>http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/2016/</ref> Yakiriye inkunga ya Louis Lumière - Villa Médicis inkunga mu 1999 kubera amashusho ye ''Une femme pour Souleymane'' . <ref name="africanfilm">https://africanfilmny.org/directors/dyana-gaye/</ref> Gaye yayoboye mu 2000, kandi yahawe igihembo kinini cya Jury mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Dakar. <ref name="gan">http://www.fondation-gan.com/laureats-et-films/gan-laureats/des-etoiles</ref> Mu 2004, yari umwe mu bahatanira umwanya wa Rolex Mentor na Protégé Arts Initiative. Gaye yayoboye filime ngufi ''J'ai deux amours'', mu rwego ''rw'umushinga wa Paris la métisse'' mu 2005. Umwaka ukurikira, yayoboye ''Ousmane'', byagenze neza cyane. Yakiriye nomination ya Filime ngufi nziza muri César Awards. Muri 2009, Gaye yakoze kandi ayobora ''Saint Louis Blues'', yari comedi yumuziki. Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Lokarno na Sundance Film Festival, yari umwe mu batanu ba nyuma ba Filime ngufi nziza muri César Awards. <ref name="africanfilm" /> Filime yatoranijwe, iterwa inkunga kandi ikorwa mubice bigize gahunda yibanze ya Afrika. <ref>https://shadowandact.com/focus-features-africa-first-alumni-dyana-gaye-will-make-her-feature-film-debut-with-des-etoiles-stars/</ref> Yabaye igihembo cya 2012 cyigihembo cya Gan Foundation. <ref name="gan" /> Gaye yayoboye ''Munsi ya Starry Sky'' muri 2013, abaye film ya mbere yerekana amashusho hagati ya Dakar, Turin, na New York City . Yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto maze ahabwa igihembo kinini cya Jury hamwe nigihembo cyabateze amatwi muri Premiers Plans Angers Festival. Gaye yavuze ko iyi filime ari ugukomeza gukina filime ngufi zabanjirije iyi, no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ndangamuntu nyinshi ndetse n’abinjira. <ref>https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/10/02/tint-o02.html</ref> Gaye ni umunyamuryango wa Collectif 50/50, umuryango ufite intego yo kugira uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore mu nganda za firime, ndetse no guteza imbere ubudasa muri sinema. == Igice cya firime == * 2000: ''Une femme gusuka Souleymane'' * 2005: ''J'ai deux amours'' * 2006: ''Ousmane'' * 2009: ''Mutagatifu Louis Blues'' * 2013: ''Munsi Yinyenyeri'' * 2014: ''Un conte de la Goutte d'or'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] hjgfu01pnnag6y5yugtm7bub7ry9l3c 0 9828 80977 2021-11-30T13:45:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1036878773|Marina Niava]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Niava''' (wavutse 1985) ni umuyobozi wa firime ya Cote d'Ivoire, utunganya firime, n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Niava ni umukobwa muto wa Pierre na Cécile Niava, bombi bigisha indimi. <ref>https://ayanawebzine.com/en-vedette/marina-niava-realisatrice-cineaste-notre-cinema-est-vegetatif-et-ici-il-nexiste-pas-dindustrie-du-cinema/</ref> Yatangiye gukunda ubuhanzi nubuvanganzo kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi byubuvanganzo. Yarangije muri Lycée Sainte Marie d'Abidjan ahabwa igihembo cya Series A Excellence Award. Niava amaze kubona impamyabumenyi ye mu itangazamakuru no gutunganya amajwi n'amashusho yakuye muri Institut des Science et Techniques de la Communication, Niava yatsindiye amarushanwa ayobowe na Radio JAM i Abidjan maze atangira umwuga we nk'umutoza. Nyuma yaje kuba umunyamakuru muri Afurika 24. <ref name="cineaste">https://www.abidjan.net/qui/profil.asp?id=981</ref> Niava yateje imbere sinema mugihe cyo gufata amashusho yamamaza. <ref name="topsuccess">https://web.archive.org/web/20160229053440/https://www.africatopsuccess.com/2014/08/12/marina-niava-la-cineaste-ivoirienne-qui-perce-aux-usa/</ref> Kuva mu 2009 kugeza 2010, Niava yabaye umwanditsi umwe mu gihembwe cya 1 cya ''serivise Teenager'', yakiriye igihembo cy’uruhererekane rwiza rwa Afurika mu iserukiramuco rya Vues d'Afrique ryabereye i Montreal. Yimukiye i Oslo, muri Noruveje mu 2010 aba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho mu kigo ndangamuco nyafurika. Niava yagenzuye ibirori bya firime ya Kino Afrika 2010 na 2011 muri Oslo. Yabaye igihembo cya BENIANH International Foundation cyatsindiye igihembo cya buruse muri 2012. <ref>https://news.abidjan.net/h/624792.html</ref> Mu Kwakira 2012, yayoboye documentaire ye ya mbere, ''Noirs au soleil levant'', ivuga ku buzima bw’abanyeshuri bo muri Afurika i Tsukuba, mu Buyapani. Filime ya mbere ya Niava ngufi, ''21'', yarangiye mu Kuboza 2013. Yatewe inkunga n'amafaranga yatanzwe n'Umuryango mpuzamahanga de la Francophonie. <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/02/28/television-les-series-africaines-crevent-l-ecran_5263576_3212.html</ref> ''21'' ivuga kubyerekeye umukobwa ukiri muto udashobora kwihanganira umukunzi wa nyina kandi niwe filime yonyine yo muri Afrika yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Oakland. Niava yarayoboye gito mahano ''Worse'' muri 2014. Yakoze nkumuhuzabikorwa wihariye wa firime ''Advantageous'' 2015. <ref>https://www.commdev.org/young-media-professionals/#toggle-id-5</ref> Niava yarangije icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza cya Filime na Televiziyo muri Academy ya Art University . <ref>http://pressecotedivoire.ci/article/3918-portraitmarina-niava-ecrivaine-et-cineaste-dans-lame</ref> Muri 2017, Niava yanditse igitabo cye cya mbere, ''American Dreamer''. Yabaye finale ya 10 Prix Ivoire pour la Littérature Africaine d'Expression Francophone. <ref>https://lifemag-ci.com/la-liste-des-ouvrages-finalistes-du-prix-ivoire-2017/</ref> == Igice cya firime == * 2009-2010: ''Umwangavu'' (urukurikirane rwa TV, dufatanije kwandika) * 2012: ''Noirs au soleil levant'' (film ngufi, umuyobozi) * 2013: ''21'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) * 2014: ''Ikibi'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 84prapig3kuruxmgyfya4s1o79q5ud9 0 9829 80978 2021-11-30T13:59:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/994266052|Magaajyia Silberfeld]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Magaajyia Silberfel'''d (yavutse 30 Kanama 1996) ni umukinnyi n'umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Nijeriya]] ariko akomoka mu [[Bufaransa]] == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Silberfeld ni umukobwa w'umuyobozi wa firime Rahmatou Keïta n'umunyamakuru w’umufaransa Antoine Silber . <ref name=":1">https://www.letemps.ch/culture/fardeau-couleur-peau-0</ref> Yatangiye gukina kuri theatre yaho afite imyaka 11. Silberfeld yakuriye mu Bufaransa ariko agenda kenshi mu Bugereki, Nigeriya, na Mali, aba i Los Angeles imyaka itatu. <ref name=":0">https://fr.petitsfrenchies.com/interview-de-magaajyia-silberfeld-realisatrice-et-actrice/</ref> Yatangiye gukina filime muri 2011, i ''La Lisière'' . <ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=50886</ref> Silberfeld yize ibijyanye no gukina mu kigo cya Lee Strasberg mu 2013, muri Playhouse West Repertory Theatre muri 2014 ndetse no muri Studio ya Susan Batson mu 2015. <ref>http://www.filmtalents.com/fiche.cfm/115_1-628549-magaajyia_silberfeld.html</ref> <ref>https://www.rts.ch/info/culture/cinema/10298663-le-fiff-offre-une-carte-blanche-a-16-actrices-noires-et-metisses.html</ref> Afite imyaka 18, yanditse kandi ayobora film ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Me Hano'' kandi afatanya kuyobora ''Ride cyangwa Die'' irimo Piper de Palma na Roxane Depardieu. <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/magaajyia-silberfeld/</ref> Muri 2016, Silberfeld yagize uruhare rwe rwa mbere muri ''The Wedding Ring'', iyobowe na nyina kandi yatewe inkunga yose binyuze mumafaranga ya Afrika. Yakinnye na Tiyaa, umukobwa ukiri muto ujya kwiga mubufaransa agakundana numugabo ukomoka mubyubahiro. Filime ibaye film ya mbere ya Nigeriya yakinnye muri Awards Awards. <ref>https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/cinema-oscars-2019-zin-naariya-de-rahmatou-keita-dans-la-course-03-12-2018-2276300_3.php</ref> Muri 2017, yayoboye filime ye ngufi ''Vagabonds'', yakinnye na Danny Glover . <ref name=":0" /> Muri uwo mwaka, Silberfeld yabonye impamyabumenyi ya filozofiya na Sorbonne . <ref name="karolle">https://www.globetrottermag.com/news-features/2017/4/3/magaajyia-silberfeld</ref> Mugihe cya kaminuza, yize icyongereza abinyujije muri firime zo muri [[Amerika]]. <ref name=":0" /> Yabaye umuyobozi mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Friborg 2019 kandi atera inkunga Amasezerano y’uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye. <ref>https://www.fiff.ch/fr/le-fiff-sengage-pour-la-parite</ref> Silberfeld yerekanye documentaire ya nyina ''Al'lèèssi.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''Une actrice africaine'' (2004), ifoto yumukinnyi wa Nigeriya Zalika Souley . == Amashusho == * 2011: ''La Lisière'' (umukinnyi wa filime) * 2014: ''Njye Ngaho'' (film ngufi, dufatanije kwandika / umuyobozi) * 2015: ''Gutwara cyangwa Gupfa'' (film ngufi, dufatanya kuyobora) * 2016: ''Impeta y'Ubukwe'' (umukinnyi wa filime) * 2017: ''Vagabonds'' (film ngufi, umwanditsi / umuyobozi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] pu2yj5e9gke1lw6qzhw8efrgf4zhlde 0 9830 80979 2021-11-30T14:10:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053333258|Roukiata Ouedraogo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Roukiata-Ouedraogo.jpg|thumb|'''Roukiata Ouedraogo''']] '''Roukiata Ouedraogo''' (wavutse 1979) ni [[Burukina Faso|umwanditsi w'amakinamico ya Burkinabé]], umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umunyarwenya muri Burkinafaso. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Yakuriye muri Fada N'Gourma, umukobwa w'umukozi wa Leta. Se yari yagiye mu ikinamico ryaho kandi yari inshuti na bagenzi be b'umupira w'amaguru hamwe n'umukinnyi uzwi cyane Sotigui Kouyaté. . Se wabo ni umutware wa Mossi wa Soumiaga . Akiri muto, Ouedraogo yimukiye [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]] kugirango akomeze amashuri. <ref name="pitroipa">https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136480/societe/roukiata-ou-draogo-actrice-sinon-rien/</ref> Mu mashure yisumbuye, yinjiye mu mugwi w'amakinamico yaho hanyuma azenguruka igihugu. <ref name="Africultures">.http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=18429</ref> Kugira ngo abone amafaranga, yafunguye salon ntoya yo gutunganya imisatsi hafi y'urugo rwe maze ategura imyenda. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi ye, Ouedraogo yimukiye i [[Paris]] mu 2000, aho musaza we yari atuye. <ref name="pitroipa" /> Yari afite akazi kadasanzwe, kandi yirukanwe nk'umubitsi muri mini-market kubera ko yitiranyije amafaranga na CFA. <ref name="Pajon17">http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/465703/culture/humour-roukiata-ouedraogo-feminin-singulier/</ref> Yakoze nk'umuhanzi wo kwisiga no kwerekana imideli imyaka myinshi. Mu 2007, Ouedraogo yahisemo kwibanda ku ikinamico maze yemerwa muri Cours Florent nyuma y’isuzuma. Mu rwego rwo gukora amasomo, yanditse kandi ayobora ikinamico ye ya mbere, ''Yennenga, icyamamare cya Mossé.'' Nyuma yo kwakirwa neza n'abamwigisha, ikinamico yabanje gukinirwa kuri teatre ya Comédie de la Passerelle mu 2008. Ishingiye kuri imwe mu migani yashinze muri Burkinafaso, kandi Ouedraogo yakinnye nk'umwamikazi wo mu kinyejana cya 11. Ku bwe, kwandika ikinamico byamufashije guhangana n'agahinda ko kubura se na murumuna we. <ref name="lepoint">https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/ils-nous-font-rire-2-roukiata-ouedraogo-humoriste-et-chroniqueuse-16-08-2017-2150306_3.php</ref> Muri Nzeri 2010, ikinamico ye yakorewe bwa mbere mu kigo ndangamuco cya Gambidi muri Ouagadougou, kandi cyerekanwe kuri televiziyo y'igihugu. Kubaho kwa nyirarume muri iki gitaramo byari ikimenyetso cyo kwemeza inzira yumwuga ishobora gucibwa intege numuntu ukomokamo nka Ouedraogo. Ikinamico yongeye kugarurwa nka comedi yumuziki, hamwe nababyinnyi umunani nabacuranzi babiri. Muri Mata 2011, Ouedraogo yateguye ikinamico yo gutera inkunga ONG Fitima, ifasha abana bamugaye. Yakoranye mu gitaramo ''ingingo ya 13'' yitiriwe Itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu, ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2012 mu bitaramo byaberaga mu mihanda mu Bufaransa. Muri 2013, yakoze igitabo cyerekana ubuzima bw'umugore umwe yerekana ''Ouagadougou pressé'', ku ngingo yo kwimukira mu Bufaransa. Ouedraogo yatangiye gukina filime muri Nzeri 2013, muri filime ngufi ''Marie et les gargouilles'' . Yagaragaye muri filime ''Samba''2014. <ref>https://lafrolesite.wordpress.com/2018/01/11/unjouruneactriceafrofrancaise-43-roukiata-ouedraogo/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Ouedraogo yegerejwe na Dani Kouyaté kugira ngo akine mu rukurikirane ''rw'inyandiko L'Amour en cage'' . Muri 2015, yakinnye mu ikinamico ''Roukiata tombe le masque'', urwenya ku gukebwa kwe. Yagaragaye mu gitaramo ''Le Parlement du rire'' kuri Canal + . Muri Mata 2017, Ouedraogo yatangiye kwandika inkingi kuri Inter Inter y'Ubufaransa. Muri 2018, yakinnye muri ''Je demande la route'', yerekanwe muri Festival Off d'Avignon . <ref name="Avignon2018">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20180711-roukiata-ouedraogo-avignon</ref> Ouedraogo yashakanye na Stéphane Eliard, umuyobozi wa firime. Avuga [[Igifaransa]] na Bambara . <ref>http://www.lesagentsassocies.com/artiste.cfm/698469-roukiata-ouedraogo.html</ref> == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 44stdhq16hbeh2c8wyy1c7re839e68r 0 9831 80980 2021-11-30T14:17:56Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1053611825|Deolinda Kinzimba]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deolinda Inês Caetano Kinzimba''' (yavutse ku ya 11 Gicurasi 1995) ni umukinnyi wa firime akaba aririmba ndetse ashobora kwandika indirimbo cyanwa filime [[Angola]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Kinzimba yavukiye i Luanda akurira muri Ingombota . Yavuze ko yagize ubuzima bwiza kandi ko ashishikajwe n'umuziki kuva akiri muto. Mubyo akora harimo Phyllis Hyman na Selena Quintanilla . <ref name="machado">https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122016/CulturaEducacao/6762/Deolinda-Kinzimba-%E2%80%9CSempre-acreditei-que-um-dia-conseguiria-mostrar-ao-mundo-aquilo-que-mais-amo-que-%C3%A9-cantar%E2%80%9D.htm?id=8</ref> Kinzimba yabaga muri Tanzaniya akiri ingimbi kuko yari afite mushiki we wakoraga kuri ambasade ya Angola. Yimukiye i Guimarães, Porutugali mu 2014 kwiga no kugira amahirwe meza. <ref>http://ionline.sapo.pt/419137</ref> Kinzimba yize amategeko muri Porto . <ref name="machado" /> Muri 2016, yatsindiye igihembwe cya gatatu cya Ijwi rya Portugal . Kinzimba yiswe " Whitney Houston mushya" ubwo yakoraga indirimbo yakunzwe cyane ya Houston " "I Have Nothing " ashimwa cyane. Yakinnye " "I Will Always Love You " ya Mariah Carey na " A Moment Like This" na Kelly Clarkson kurangiza. Kinzimba yongeye guhura na nyina, uwo yari amaze imyaka ibiri atabona. <ref>http://www.conexaolusofona.org/deolinda-kinzimba-a-diva-angolana-que-conquistou-portugal/</ref> Kubera intsinzi, Kinzimba yasinyanye amasezerano na Universal . <ref>https://www.flash.pt/atualidade/nacional/detalhe/nada-na-vida-acontece-por-acaso</ref> Muri Nzeri 2016, yakinnye mu gitaramo "Dentro". <ref>https://media.rtp.pt/thevoiceportugal/artigos/deolinda-kinzimba-canta-original-portugues-mostra-do-interprete/</ref> Indirimbo ye ya mbere, "Primeira Vez", yasohotse mu Kwakira 2016. <ref>https://www.dn.pt/media/oica-o-single-de-estreia-de-deolinda-kinzimba-5433473.html</ref> Ugushyingo 2017, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere yise. <ref>https://radiocomercial.iol.pt/noticias/73537/taylor-swift-nos-lancamentos-de-hoje</ref> "Deolinda Kinzimba" yakiriye inyenyeri eshatu nigice ziva muri Sábado, ashima amarangamutima ya Kimzimba n'imikorere ye ariko anenga ibizaba byavuzwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, iki kinyamakuru cyavuze ko ari umukino wambere hamwe nindirimbo nyinshi zikomeye. <ref>https://www.sabado.pt/gps/detalhe/critica-de-musica-deolinda-kinzimba</ref> Yitabiriye Iserukiramuco RTP da Canção 2017, ku butumire bw'umwanditsi w'indirimbo Rita Redshoes, agera ku mukino wa nyuma w'ibyo birori. <ref>https://www.vip.pt/deolinda-kinzimba-mostra-o-lado-sexy-vencedora-do-voice-deixa-de-ser-uma-mulher-timida</ref> == Discography == == Amashusho == * 2016: ''Dentro'' (nka Raquel) * 2016-2017: ''Sociedade Recreativa'' (nka we) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 80fbxhib8ob3yk10a3xqdel9b1bh4be 0 9832 80981 2021-11-30T14:28:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1017192009|Samantha Mugatsia]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samantha Mugatsia''' (wavutse 1992) ni umukinnyi w'amafirime muri [[Kenya]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Mugatsia yavutse mu 1992, umukobwa wa Grace Gitau. Yakuriye i [[Nairobi]] kandi akora nk'ingoma y'itsinda The Machine Machine. <ref name="mangat" /> Yari yaranakoze akazi ko kwerekana imideli. <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/559384/culture/cinema-rafiki-amour-et-censure-a-nairobi/</ref> Mugatsia yize amategeko muri Kaminuza Gatolika yo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba ariko ahagarika amasomo ye kugira ngo atangire umwuga we wo gukina. Mu Gushyingo 2016, yari yitabiriye pop-in y'abahanzi ubwo yamenyanwaga n'umuyobozi wa firime Wanuri Kahiu, amubwira ko yanditse inyandiko kandi ashaka kwerekana Mugatsia. Nubwo atigeze akora, Mugatsia yemeye uruhare. Muri 2018, Mugatsia yakinnye na Kena Mwaura, umwe mu bantu babiri bakomeye, muri ''[[Rafiki]]'' ya Kahiu. Iyi nkuru ishingiye ku gitabo cyitwa ''Jambula Igiti'' cyanditswe n'umwanditsi wa Uganda Monica Arac de Nyeko kandi kirasobanura urukundo ruteye imbere hagati y’abakobwa babiri aho bibujijwe kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina. Mu rwego rwo kwitegura uruhare, Mugatsia yafashe amezi menshi yamasomo yo gukina kandi yitoza gukoresha imyitozo yindorerwamo no kubaho mubitekerezo. Iyi filime yari itemewe muri Kenya, aho kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina bitemewe. ''Rafiki'' abaye film ya mbere yo muri Kenya yerekanwe mu Iserukiramuco rya sinema i Cannes . <ref>https://www.houstonchronicle.com/entertainment/movies_tv/article/Kenyan-gay-life-comes-into-focus-in-Rafiki-13829398.php</ref> Ann Hornaday wo muri Washington Post yise imikorere ya Mugatsia "yitonze." <ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/movie-about-teenage-girls-in-love-is-a-breakthrough-for-kenyan-filmmaker/2019/05/06/a910b1e4-6c5d-11e9-be3a-33217240a539_story.html</ref> Mugatsia yatsindiye igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu iserukiramuco rya FESPACO rya 2019 ryabereye i Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso kubera kwerekana Kena. <ref>https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/04/africa/banned-lesbian-movie-wins-award-intl/index.html</ref> Ihagarikwa rya filime ryakuweho nyuma gato yuko Kahiu atanga ikirego, kugira ngo yerekane muri Kenya kugira ngo yemererwe guhabwa ibihembo bya Academy. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47435329</ref> Mugatsia yerekana ko ari iby'umwuka. Yanze kugira icyo atangaza ku mibonano mpuzabitsina ye, ariko agirira impuhwe umuryango wa LGBT. == Amashusho == * 2018: ''[[Rafiki]]'' nka Kena Mwaura * 2018: ''L'invité'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 4438wngw5zlrzlf1i0p2470y7cvex7q 0 9833 81416 80982 2022-01-29T17:56:46Z AnToni 6806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lucrécia Paco.jpg|thumb|Lucrécia Paco, 2011]] '''Lucrécia Paco''' (yavutse 19 Ukwakira 1969) ni umukinnyi wamafirime muri [[Mozambike]] . Afatwa nk'umwe mu bakinnyi ba filime bazwi cyane muri [[Mozambike]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Paco yakuriye i [[Maputo]] . Akiri umwana, yakundaga kuririmba no kubyina imiziki gakondo, yakandamijwe cyane muri kiriya gihe mbere y’ubwigenge bwa Mozambique mu 1975. Paco yakubiswe ku ishuri azira gukoresha indimi gakondo. Nyuma y'ubwigenge, guverinoma y’abasosiyalisiti yashishikarije amatsinda y’ubuhanzi, kandi yitabira kuririmba, kubyina, no gusoma imivugo. <ref name="gomes">https://web.archive.org/web/20131126221549/http://omenelick2ato.com/entrevistas/lucrecia-paco/</ref> Mu gihe mu gihe cy'intambara yabenegihugu ya [[Mozambike]], Paco yerekeje ibitekerezo ku ikinamico mu rwego rwa politiki. Yagaragaye muri documentaire ya ''Maputo Mulher'' 1984. <ref>https://clubofmozambique.com/who-is-who-post/lucrecia-paco/</ref> Mu 1986, Paco yari umwe mubashinze itsinda rya Mutumbela Gogo, itsinda ryambere ryamakinamico yabigize umwuga muri Mozambike kugeza na nubu. Yayobowe na firime nyinshi z'Abasoviyeti yarebye, anakora udukino duto twerekana uko kuba Mozambike byari bimeze. Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira itsinda ryamakinamico, Paco nabandi banyamuryango bashinze imigati. <ref name="gomes" /> Paco yafashe ikiruhuko cyimyaka itanu kuri stage kubera umunaniro. <ref name="pila">https://literatasmz.org/post-detail/1</ref> Paco yatumiwe na Instituto Itaú Umuco muri Berezile muri 2009. Yitabiriye umushinga wa Antidote mu mahugurwa mpuzamahanga ku bikorwa by’umuco mu turere tw’amakimbirane, akoresheje ikinamico Mulher Asfalto. Muri 2010, Paco yakinnye muri film ''Quero Ser uma Estrela'' . Nyuma yaho gato, yakinnye nyamukuru muri ''Nineteens'' , telenovela ya mbere ya Mozambike. <ref name="pila" /> == Amashusho == === Televiziyo === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare |- | 2010 | ''Cumi n'icyenda'' | Glória Monjane |- | 2002 | ''A Jóia de África'' | Abibi |- |} {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare |- | 2010 | ''Quero Ser uma Estrela'' | Umugore |- | 2010 | ''Flores Silvestres'' | |- | 1998 | ''Amateka ya Nelio'' | Maria |- | 1986 | ''O Vento Sopra do Norte'' | |- |- | 1984 | ''Maputo Mulher'' | |- |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 7551q2kfswe9rrgoc8z7cbepbornq5p 0 9834 81306 80983 2021-12-27T06:12:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 CORRECTION wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Amarteifio''' (yavutse 1982) ni umuyobozi wa firime yo muri [[Gana]], producer, n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Amarteifio yavukiye muri [[Gana]] ariko yimukira i Londres nk'umwana w'amezi atatu kubera guhirika ubutegetsi mu gihugu cye, aba mu Bwongereza imyaka itandatu. <ref name="rao">https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/a22729/shonda-rhimes-of-ghana-nicole-amarteifio/</ref> Sekuru, komiseri w'akarere k'abazungu, yashakanye na nyirakuru muri Gana mu 1945. Nyuma yaje kwimukana n'umuryango we i Scarsdale, New York, ariko buri mwaka aruhukira muri Gana. <ref name="gardner">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University</ref> Igihe yigaga mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Scarsdale, umunyeshuri bigana yatanze igitekerezo cyo guturika Afurika kugira ngo ikibazo cya sida gikemuke. <ref name="rao" /> Ababyeyi ba Amarteifio basubiye muri Gana mu 1997. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Afurika na Afro-Amerika yakuye muri kaminuza ya Brandeis mu 2004. <ref name="gardner" /> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yabonye akazi i Washington, DC nk'umujyanama mu iterambere ry'ubukungu bwa Afurika muri The Whitaker Group, akorera Rosa Whitaker . <ref name="medium">https://medium.com/akoma-media/my-career-choice-nicole-amarteifio-creator-an-african-city-web-series-566dcb4ec42a</ref> Mu 2006, Amarteifio yimukiye i [[Accra]], muri Gana, kugira ngo akore mu iterambere ry'ubukungu muri Fondasiyo Nyafurika. Nyuma gato yo kwimukira muri Afrika, yagize igitekerezo cyo gukora igitaramo nka ''Sex and the City'' i Accra. Amarteifio yasubiye muri Amerika kwiga kaminuza ya Georgetown maze ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itumanaho ry’ibigo mu 2010. <ref name="rao" /> I Georgetown, yize munsi ya Mike Long, wamushishikarizaga kwandika amashusho. Amarteifio yabonye akazi muri Bank y'isi nk'umuntu wa mbere ushinzwe imbuga nkoranyambaga muri Accra. Amezi atari make nyuma yo gusubira muri Gana, yatangiye kumenyekanisha igitekerezo cye kubanyamwuga ba tereviziyo, banga gukora umushinga ariko bamutera inkunga yo kwandika igitaramo. <ref name="gardner" /> Amarteifio yashyizeho bije maze amenya ko akeneye amafaranga ahagije kugirango atangire aho gutanga ibihe byuzuye. Kugira ngo yige kubyara umusaruro, yakurikiranye imirimo yabatunganya ibitangazamakuru byinshi hanyuma yiyandikisha mumasomo ya kaminuza yabaturage. Amarteifio yavumbuye inyandiko zijyanye ''Sex and the City'' hamwe n'ibiganiro bifitanye isano kuri interineti, maze abikoresha nk'icyitegererezo cyo kwandika, ndetse n'inkuru z'inshuti ze muri Afurika. Yabonye abakinnyi mu guhamagara, maze avugana na mugenzi we bigana, Maame Adjei, kugira ngo bakine Zainab. Adjei yagiye mwishuri muri Connecticut hamwe na Nana Mensah, Amarteifio yahisemo kumiterere ya Sadé. <ref name="grunitzky">https://trueafrica.co/article/repats-washington-dc-accra-african-city-creator-nicole-amarteifio/</ref> Yifashishije abakozi ba firime bo muri Gana, Amarteifio ahanini yarashe igitaramo cye muri wikendi nijoro kugirango atavuguruzanya nakazi ke muri Banki yisi. Igihembwe cya mbere cyerekana, ''Umujyi wa Afurika'', cyasohotse kuri Youtube muri Werurwe 2014. Bikurikirana ubuzima bwinshuti eshanu zari zasubiye muri Afrika nyuma yo gutura mumahanga no kugendana urukundo, umwuga, nubuzima bwa nijoro mumurwa mukuru wa Gana, hamwe nibiganiro byukuri kubyerekeye igitsina. Amarteifio yari igamije gukora ibiganiro kubyerekeye umunya nyafurika, no gukuraho kirazira. <ref>http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/18/world/africa/ghana-african-city/</ref> Urukurikirane rwanenzwe guhagararira abantu batoranijwe badafite byinshi bahuriyeho nabagore benshi bo muri Afrika. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/fashion/an-african-city-sex-and-the-city.html</ref> Amarteifio yakuyeho kunegura, abaza igitekerezo cyumugore usanzwe wumugore. Igihembwe cya kabiri cyerekanwa cyasohotse muri 2016. Urukurikirane rwe rwa kabiri rwa televiziyo, rukora politiki yiswe ''Repubulika'', narwo rwasohotse mu 2016, rushingiye ku manza zabayeho muri Accra. Amarteifio yiswe " Shonda Rhimes yo muri Gana." Yiswe umwe mu bagore 100 ba OkayAfrica muri 2018. <ref>https://100women.okayafrica.com/film-tv-articles/2018/2/28/nicole-amarteifio</ref> Filime ye ya mbere yakinnye, ''Mbere yimihigo'', yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Seattle muri 2018. Urwenya rwurukundo, rukurikira isano iri hagati ya Afua na Nii mugihe batekereza kurushinga. <ref>https://www.siff.net/festival/before-the-vows</ref> * == Filmography == * 2012: ''Praying for Daylight'' (short film; writer and co-producer) * 2014–present: ''An African City'' (TV series; writer, co-director, producer) * 2016: ''The Republic'' (TV series; writer, director, producer) * 2018: ''Before the Vows'' (writer, director, producer) * 2020: ''Indie Nation'' (as herself) == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 0nhn0ggtdsfuhmdvmukzoj9mi35vjej 0 9835 80984 2021-11-30T15:05:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1023130748|Doria Achour]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doria Achour''' (wavutse ku ya 1 Werurwe 1991) ni umukinnyi ndetse n'umuyobozi wa firimi mu Bufaransa ariko akomoka muri Tuniziya == Ubuzima bwe == Achour ni umukobwa wumuyobozi wa firime wa tuniziya akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime Lotfi Achour na nyina w’Uburusiya akaba umwanditsi w'amakinamico. Mukuru we ni umwanditsi w'amakinamico, kandi afite murumuna we. Achour yakuriye mu cyiciro cya 12 cya Paris mu kirere cyari "icyerekezo cy'ubuhanzi, ariko ntabwo ari burugumesitiri." <ref name="LM2015">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/06/19/doria-achour-un-travelling-entre-paris-et-tunis_4658141_3212.html</ref> Akiri umwana, yaherekeje ababyeyi be mu myitozo yabo no mu bitaramo byabo. <ref name="voici">http://www.voici.fr/bios-people/doria-achour</ref> Mu 2002, Achour yerekanye umukobwa wa Sergi López muri ''Les Femmes... ou les enfants d'abord... [ fr ]'', iyobowe na Manuel Poirier . Nyina yamufashije kubona uruhare, abona itangazo muri ''Libération'' . Nyuma yuruhare rwe rwa mbere, Achor yafashe amasomo yo gukina umwaka umwe muri Théâtre des Déchargeurs. Yagize uruhare rwa kabiri muri firime nkeya, nka ''L'enemi naturel'' na ''L'École pour tous'' . <ref name="Express2014">http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/cinema/doria-achour-la-revelation-de-papa-was-not-a-rolling-stone_1603532.html</ref> Kugira ngo yibanze ku myigire ye, Achour yahagaritse umwuga we wa firime imyaka myinshi. Achour yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubuvanganzo yakuye muri kaminuza ya Paris-Sorbonne nyuma aza kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri sinema yakuye muri kaminuza ya Paris Diderot . <ref name="LM2015" /> Muri 2012, Achour yakinnye umusore Yasmeen muri ''La fille publique'', kandi imico ye yahumekewe nubuzima bwa mbere bwa Cheyenne Carron . Mu mwaka wa 2013, Achour yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Laisse-moi finir'', ku ngingo y'ubuzima muri Tuniziya nyuma y'Isoko ry'Abarabu igihe abayisilamu bigaruriraga. Yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru myinshi kandi ihabwa igihembo cya Audience muri Made in Med marushanwa ya firime ngufi yo muri Kamena 2014. Imyitwarire ye muri ''La fille publique yakuruye'' umuyobozi Sylvie Ohayon, wakinnye uyu mukinnyi ukiri muto nka Stephanie muri film ya''Papa Was Not a Rolling Ston'' . Muri 2016, Achour yakinnye muri filime ye ya mbere yicyarabu, ''Yaka Ibyiringiro'' . Yayoboye filime ngufi ''Le reste est l'œuvre de l'homme'', yatsindiye igihembo cya Jury mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance 2017. <ref>https://mediakwest.com/le-reste-est-l-oeuvre-de-l-homme-prix-du-jury-du-concours-sundance-tv/</ref> Yakinnye na Leila, umukobwa wabuze, muri Naidra Ayadi ya film ya ''Ma fille ya'' 2018. <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/ma-fille-review-1147414</ref> Achur ni agnostic. Ni umukunzi wibitabo byo hagati. <ref>https://cheekmagazine.fr/les-yeux-dans-les-yeux/doria-achour/</ref> == Igice cya firime == ** 2002: ''Les Femmes... ou les enfants d'abord...'' ** 2004: ''L'enemi naturel'' ** 2005: ''L'Annulaire'' ** 2006: ''L'École pour tous'' ** 2012: ''La fille publique'' ** 2013: ''Laisse-moi finir'' (short film, director) ** 2014: ''Papa Was Not a Rolling Stone'' ** 2014: ''Demain dès l'aube'' (short film, director) ** 2016: ''Burning Hope'' ** 2017: ''Le reste est l'œuvre de l'homme'' (director) ** 2018: ''Ma fille'' == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hr2z017dezbrbq1svmkff2ivv0c458w 0 9836 80985 2021-11-30T15:09:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1035453997|Maji-da Abdi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maji-da Abdi''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Ukwakira 1970) ni umuyobozi wa firime na producer ukomeye muri [[Etiyopiya]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Abdi yavukiye Dire Dawa, yabaga i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] kugeza afite imyaka ine. Nyuma y’impinduramatwara yo mu 1974, nyina wari warahukanye na se, ahungira hamwe na murumuna we i [[Nairobi]], muri Kenya. Abdi yarangije amashuri abanza nayisumbuye muri Kenya. Afite imyaka 17, yimukiye muri Kanada n'umuryango we kwiga ubucuruzi. Abdi yiyandikishije muri kaminuza y’iburengerazuba bwa Ontario, Abdi amenyera imico mpuzamahanga. <ref name="allocine">http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne-86322/biographie/</ref> Yumvaga atandukanye nabenshi mubanyeshuri bigana, bifuzaga kubona akazi kuri Wall Street, arangiza gahunda mubuvanganzo bwigifaransa. Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Abdi yakoze imyaka itari mike mu itangazamakuru ndetse no gutunganya film. <ref name="wmm" /> Abdi yari mu rugendo muri Nepal mu myaka ya za 90 ubwo yahuraga na Bernardo Bertolucci, wari mu gihe cyo gufata amashusho ya ''Buda'' . Yahisemo kuba umuntu wimenyereza umwuga. <ref name="cannes">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival</ref> Mu 2001, Abdi yasubiye muri Etiyopiya maze ayobora filime ye ya mbere yise ''“Uruzi rutandukanya'' ,” yiga ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'abagore b'Abanyetiyopiya mu gihe cy'intambara ya Eritereya na Etiyopiya . Filime yahawe igihembo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Kanada. Abdi nawe yagize uruhare mugutunganya film. Mu 2001, yakoze firime ngufi ya ''Data'' na Ermias Woldeamlak, asuzuma umubano wumuryango nyafurika. Abdi yakoranye na Abderrahmane Sissako nk'umuproducer n'umushushanya w'imyambarire muri firime ye ''[[Waiting for Happiness|Gutegereza umunezero]]'' (2003) na ''Bamako'' (2006). Yakoze muri joriji ya firime ngufi na Cinéfondation muiserukiramuco rya sinema i Cannes muri 2013 . Abdi ahangayikishijwe nibibazo byamazi kimwe nibidukikije muri rusange. Yashakanye na Sissako. <ref>https://www.voanews.com/africa/african-film-festival-fosters-home-grown-development-cinema</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Abdi yakoze iserukiramuco rya firime Amashusho Yingenzi, iserukiramuco rya mbere ryahariwe firime ngufi za Etiyopiya. Yari yarateguye gukora ibirori nk'ibi mu myaka itari mike ariko amaherezo ahabwa inkunga na Minisiteri y’umuco ya Etiyopiya na Olivier Poivre d'Arvor. Mu iserukiramuco rya mbere, Abdi yakoze amahugurwa yo gufasha abakora amafilime bato kwitoza. Yavuze ko imyaka itandatu mbere y’ibirori, sinema yo muri Etiyopiya yasigaye inyuma mu bihugu byinshi ariko urwego rw’umusaruro rukiyongera. <ref>https://www.afrik.com/maji-da-abdi-je-crois-au-developpement-rapide-du-cinema-ethiopien</ref> Usibye imirimo ya firime, Abdi akorera Orbs, ikinyamakuru cyibanda kuri siyanse, ubuhanzi numwuka. == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ih4y4bvkrvsgh5ilkcvsh5hyddm4aw5 0 9837 80986 2021-11-30T15:16:04Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1019046604|Nomsa Manaka]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nomsa Kupi Manaka''' (wavutse 1962) ni umubyinnyi n'umukinnyi wa filime , umukinnyi wa koreografi wo muri [[Afurika yepfo]] == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Manaka yavutse 1962 i Orlando, mu mujyi wa Soweto muri Johannesburg, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Amaze gutozwa ballet ya kera, yigisha kubyina muri Funda Centre, yashinzwe numugabo we, Matsemela Manaka. Mu 1989, yakinnye mu ikinamico, ''Gorée'', yashyize aha hantu hateranira imbata zerekeza muri Amerika, kandi zivuga ku rugendo rwo mu mwuka rw'umukobwa ukiri muto. Uyu mugore yiga kubyina nyafurika, bimuganisha ku kwishakira ibisubizo. Azenguruka umugabane arangirira i Gorée, muri Senegali. Agezeyo, ahura n’umugore ukuze, wakinwe na Sibongile Khumalo, amufasha kumenya umurage we nyafurika. <ref name="dico2013" /> <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/24/theater/review-theater-a-homily-in-african-song-and-dance.html</ref> Mu 1991, Manaka yashinze ikinyamakuru cy'imbyino, ''Umukororombya w'Amizero'', maze akora choreografiya, harimo n'iya opera ''Umukobwa wa Nebo'', mu 1993. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/05/arts/review-theater-mystic-vs-rational-in-south-africa.html</ref> Mu bihangano bye bya koreografiya, ahuza imigenzo nyafurika ndetse nuburyo bwo kubyina byubu. <ref name="dico2013" /> Umugabo we, Matsemela Manaka, yapfuye mu 1998 azize impanuka y'imodoka. <ref>https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/manaka-markettheatre</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Manaka yagaragaye muri filime ngufi ya Tiisetso Dladla yayobowe na ''Exiled'', ivuga ku mugore wumvikanye mu buhungiro bwe muri politiki muri Amerika mu 1990. <ref>https://www.goldposter.com/movie/10712763/</ref> Mu myaka ya za 2010, yabanaga n'umucuranzi Hugh Masekela, wari urwaye kanseri ya prostate . We ubwe yari yarasuzumwe kanseri yintanga mu 2016. Yavuze ku kuntu babona iyi ndwara ati: "Byari ngombwa ko twembi twohereza ubutumwa ko tugomba kwishimira ubuzima bwacu n'abo turi bo. Ntidukwiye kureka kanseri ikatumanura. " Hugh Masekela yapfuye muri Mutarama 2018. Manaka yakize indwara nyuma y'amezi ya chimiotherapie. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-29-bra-hughs-last-love-nomsa-manaka-he-was-the-most-amazing-person/</ref> Mu gihe cyo gukira kwe, Manaka yazanye igitekerezo cyo kubyina kubyina ''Dance Out of Kanseri'', yaberaga kuri Theatre Joburg yo gukusanya amafaranga ku barwayi ba kanseri. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2017-06-22-nomsa-manaka-dances-out-of-cancer/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] h6apl9h9sen6lrrbsdl3mdio7ysp7c8 0 9838 80987 2021-11-30T15:31:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1017037877|Cecil Moller]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecil Moller''' (wavutse 1967) ni umuyobozi na producr wa firime muri [[Namibiya]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Moller yavukiye muri Namibiya mu 1967 akaza muri Amerika kwiga ubuhanzi. <ref name="africultures" /> Ashishikajwe no kumenya ibintu bifatika, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itumanaho yakuye muri Ramapo College . <ref name="chapman">https://issuu.com/dodge/docs/gradbook</ref> Moller yakoraga nka injeniyeri yijwi, cinematografi numwanditsi wibikorwa byinshi mbere yo kuyobora firime ye. Yatangiye gukina filime yerekanwe bwa mbere na ''No Plot'' mu 1991. Nibwo bwa mbere muri firime nyinshi zakozwe mu myaka ya za 90. Mu 2000, itegeko rya komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime ya Namibiya ryatowe kugirango rizamure abayobozi ba firime nka Moller. <ref name="NelmesSelbo2015">https://books.google.com/books?id=kGikCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29</ref> Mu 2001, Moller yakoze ubushakashatsi ku mibereho yindaya muri Walvis Bay zishingiye ku bikamyo byoherezwa mu bihe byagenwe muri filime ngufi yatsindiye ''Inzu y'urukundo'' . <ref>http://newsreel.org/video/HOUSE-OF-LOVE</ref> Yashakaga kumenya impamvu abo bagore, bamwe muri bo yari azi kuva ku ishuri, babaye abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Kuva 2004 kugeza 2007, yabaye umuyobozi wa komisiyo ishinzwe amafilime ya Namibiya. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200707060347.html</ref> Moller yavuze ko Namibia yabuze 50% by’amafaranga ashobora guturuka ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga mu gihugu nka ''Generation Kill'' kubera kubura ibikorwa remezo. <ref>https://www.namibian.com.na/print.php?id=36564&type=2</ref> Moller yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gutunganya amashusho muri kaminuza ya Chapman mu 2010. Yasohokanye na firime ngufi ''Marvin na Stevie n'Imana'' nyuma gato yo kurangiza amashuri. <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201101270269.html</ref> Mu 2016, Moller bareganwa umusaruro Perivi Katjavivi i 'S Ikiranga mbere film ''bitaboneka,'' gucukumbura nsanganyamatsiko ya post-cy'ubukoloni Namibia ndangamuntu no existentialism. <ref>https://www.screenafrica.com/2016/04/10/film/the-unseen-explores-notions-of-postcolonial-identity-and-existentialism/</ref> Yabonye igihembo cyiza cya Diregiteri wa Filime muri Namibian Film & Theatre Awards 2017. <ref>http://artscouncilnam.org/component/phocagallery/category/17-2017-nfta-the-show</ref> == Amashusho == ** 1991: ''No Plot'' ** 1992: ''Culture Shock'' ** 1992: ''Black and White'' ** 1993: ''The Journey'' (short film) ** 1993: ''Drugs and Rock and Roll'' ** 1995: ''Village Square'' ** 1997: ''The Naming'' ** 2000: ''Khomasdal Stories'' (short film) ** 2001: ''House of Love'' (short film) ** 2005: ''Savanna Stories'' (TV series, two episodes) ** 2009: ''Marvin and Stevie and God'' (short film) ** 2010: ''Suburban Superhero'' (short film) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] hswtuectwavw1rwpzs0c647j708fntl 0 9839 80988 2021-11-30T15:32:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1057315979|Nadine Ibrahim]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadine Ibrahim''' (wavutse 1993/1994 ) ni umuyobozi wa firime ya Nigeriya. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Ibrahim yavukiye i Kaduna akurira ari Umuyisilamu. Nyina, Amina J. Mohammed yahoze ari minisitiri w’ibidukikije muri Nijeriya akaba n'Umunyamabanga mukuru wungirije w’umuryango w’abibumbye . <ref name="okoro">https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/nadine-ibrahim-i-want-to-tell-stories-that-can-change-the-world/</ref> Igihe yari akiri muto, yashishikajwe no kuvuga inkuru no gukina filime aho kuba amasomo gakondo. <ref name="samanga">https://www.okayafrica.com/nadine-ibrahim-film-nigeria-nollywood/</ref> Yavuye muri Nijeriya yerekeza mu Bwongereza afite imyaka 14 <ref>https://mrsceonaija.com/2018/02/25/lessons-on-breaking-into-the-movie-industry-nadine-ibrahim-films-to-the-world/</ref> yiga itangazamakuru no gutunganya amashusho muri kaminuza ya Gloucestershire . Mubindi bintu, yakoraga imishinga [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|yumuryango w’abibumbye]] na firime za Fictionless. <ref name="okoro" /> Ibrahim yari producer wungirije wa ''Hakkunde'', hafi ya Nigeriya yepfo uhura numuco wamajyaruguru kunshuro yambere. <ref name="future">https://awards.thefutureafrica.com/the-future-awards-africa-prize-for-screen-producer/</ref> Filime ye ngufi ya documentaire ''Through Her Eyes'' yasohotse muri 2017. Iravuga amateka ya Azeeza, umukobwa wimyaka 12 washimuswe ahinduka umwiyahuzi. Iyi filime yari kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Los Angeles kandi yatowe mu cyiciro cya filime ngufi mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime muri Afrika. Kubitsinda ryitangazamakuru EbonyLife firime na tereviziyo yakoresheje firime avuga inkuru zamoko yo mumajyaruguru ya Nijeriya, nka Hausa, Fulani, Igbira, Igala, Tiv na Gbagyi . Ni umuyobozi mukuru wa sosiyete ikorera mu gihugu cya Nigeriya, Nailamedia, yashinzwe mu 2017. <ref name="inmesit">https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/nadine-ibrahim-nigerian-filmmaker-talks-about-the-essence-of-being-different/nzp71n0</ref> Filime ye ya documentaire ngufi yitwa ''Marked'', yakoranye imyaka ibiri yatewe inkunga no gushyira ikimenyetso cya nyirasenge, yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya Aké ryabereye i Lagos muri 2019. Ireba inkovu gakondo, ikwirakwizwa muri Nijeriya ariko nanone ikaba kirazira, ariko, ubwiza bwayo nibyo Ibrahim yashakaga gutsinda. <ref>https://www.dazeddigital.com/body/article/46557/1/scarification-nadine-ibrahim-marked-documentary-film-nigeria-lagos-taboo</ref> Ibrahim yanditse Tyler Perry, Alfred Hitchcock, Spike Lee and Ang Leee nk'intangarugero. Iyindi ngaruka ikomeye avuga ni nyina, binyuze mu mirimo ye muri guverinoma yamenye ubukene na ruswa muri Nijeriya. Yagizwe umwe mu basore bakomeye ba firime bo muri Nigeriya bareba. <ref>https://shadowandact.com/three-young-nigerian-filmmakers-to-watch</ref> Ibrahim yashakanye na Nasir i [[Abuja]] muri 2017. <ref>https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/ca5431dadd89220cf93b4b4dac8b7074</ref> == Igice cya firime == * 2015: ''Idéar'' (film ngufi) * 2017: ''Hakkunde'' (film ngufi) * 2017: ''Binyuze mumaso ye'' (film ngufi) * 2018: ''Tolu'' (firime ngufi) * 2019: ''Ntabwo ndi ruswa'' (film ngufi) * 2019: ''Ikimenyetso'' (firime ngufi) * 2019: ''Amagambo yaciwe cyane'' (firime ngufi) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] eu0uczfq78kppsrflxdghjdtyywwjuv 0 9840 80989 2021-11-30T15:59:39Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1043324219|Ngardy Conteh George]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ngardy Conteh George''' niUmuyobozi, umwanditsi, kandi atunganya firime ukomoka muri [[Siyera Lewone]] ariko yibera muri [[Kanada]], . <ref name=":0">http://cfccreates.com/residents/578</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ngardy Conteh George yavukiye iFreetown, Sierra Leone kandi ni umuhererezi mu bana bane. Mu bwana bwe, umuryango we wimukiye i Toronto, muri Kanada mu 1981. Conteh George yagiye mu ishuri rya Leta rya Jesse Ketchum (1981-1992), n'Amashuri yisumbuye y'Amajyaruguru (1992-1995) mbere yo kurangiza mu kigo cya Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute (1995-1997). == Kurikirana n'umurima == Conteh George yize muri kaminuza ya New Orleans (1997-2001) kuri bourse yo gusiganwa ku maguru aho yitabiriye amarushanwa yo gusimbuka gatatu no gusimbuka hejuru . Conteh George yegukanye umwanya wa 3 mu gusimbuka hejuru muri Shampiyona yo mu nzu ya Sunbelt 1998. Mu 2001, Ihuriro rya Sun Belt ryatangaje ko Ngardy Conteh yari mu rutonde rw’abakomiseri 2000-2001 na Academic Honor Roll. <ref name=":1" /> Urutonde rwabakomiseri ni icyegeranyo cyabakinnyi babanyeshuri bakomeje byibuze amanota 3,5 mugihembwe cyambere cyangwa bitatu bya gatatu. == Umwuga wa film == Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Conteh George yibanze ku gutunganya amafilime no kuvuga amateka ya Diaspora nyafurika . <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ngardy-conteh-george/</ref> Filime ye ya mbere yari ''Abasirikare kumihanda'' (yakozwe muri gahunda ya Momentum hamwe na NFB mu 2004) yasobanuye imbaraga za Ras King zo kwigisha no guha imbaraga urubyiruko.) <ref>http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=51675</ref> mu 2005, Conteh George yari umuyobozi ushinzwe gutunganya inyandiko. urukurikirane rw'ibitabo ''bizima'', byakozwe na Frances Ann Solomon . Yayoboye ibice 3 kandi afatanya kuyobora kimwe muri byo. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2075341/</ref> Hamwe na sosiyete ye Mattru Media, Conteh George yakoze, ayobora kandi ahindura imishinga myinshi yo gutangaza no kugana abakiriya. Mu bicuruzwa harimo ''The Rhyming Chef Barbuda,'' igitaramo cyo guteka gihuza ibiryo hamwe na hip hop yakinnye numugabo we Philman George. Yasohoye ibihe bibiri byikinyamakuru cyimyidagaduro yerekana ikinamico hip-hop yerekana <nowiki><i id="mwMw">Cypher</i></nowiki> kuri TV ya AUX, igice cyisaha yisaha ya ''The Circle of Slavery'' yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Siyera Lewone, hamwe na documentaire ndende ya The Flying Stars (Yiswe ' Leone Stars ') <ref>https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2008/10/18/chef_cooks_with_rhythm_rhyme_and_a_dash_of_thyme.html</ref> <ref>https://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/worldroutes/festivals.cfm?id=2209&festival_id=64</ref> <ref name=":2">https://realscreen.com/2011/09/13/tiff-2011-leone-stars-wins-tiffs-pitch-this/</ref> === Inyenyeri ziguruka === ''Flying Stars'' (muburyo bwa ''Leone Stars'' ) iyobowe kandi ikorwa na Conteh George na Allan Tong hamwe nabandi ba producer ni Katarina Soukup wo muri Catbird Productions. Umushinga wakusanyije amadolari ibihumbi 20 kuri kickstarter kandi niyo documentaire yambere yatsindiye Telefilm Canada TIFF Pitch Iyi! amarushanwa. <ref name=":2">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://realscreen.com/2011/09/13/tiff-2011-leone-stars-wins-tiffs-pitch-this/ "TIFF 2011: "Leone Stars" wins TIFF's Pitch This!"]. ''REALSCREEN''.</cite></ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/doc-tale-of-amputee-soccer-players-wins-pitch-this-1.1108412</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda, film yakiriye inkunga yikigega cya Sundance Institute Documentary Film Fund. <ref>https://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/29-documentaries-receive-582000-in-grants-from-sundance-institute-documenta</ref> Mu mpeshyi ya 2012 film yatoranijwe muri Hoteri ya Hot Docs . <ref>https://playbackonline.ca/2011/09/13/tiff-2011-leone-stars-wins-pitch-this/</ref> <ref>https://realscreen.com/2012/03/27/hot-docs-reveals-forum-picks/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi muri RIDM ikomeza gukina mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime zabirabura harimo irya Toronto na Wilson Oakville, ndetse n'Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Black Star . <ref>https://catbirdproductions.ca/en/news/world-premiere-of-the-flying-stars-at-the-ridm</ref> <ref>https://www.timeout.com/toronto/things-to-do/the-flying-stars-toronto-premiere</ref> <ref>https://www.oyamediagroup.com/original-content/the-flying-stars</ref> Iri serukiramuco ryasojwe nigihembo cyiza cya documentaire mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya BronzeLens 2015 kandi ryatangajwe ku isi yose harimo Umuyoboro wa Documentaire muri Kanada, NHK mu Buyapani, DR muri Danimarike na Al Jazeera . Ubu iratemba kuri Kweli. TV ku isi hose. <ref>http://www6.nhk.or.jp/wdoc/backnumber/detail/?pid=170329</ref> <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/program/witness/2015/9/13/the-flying-stars</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/programguide/program/the_flying_stars</ref> === Itsinda ry'itangazamakuru rya OYA === Mu mwaka wa 2016, Conteh George yayoboye kandi ahindura inyandiko ngufi ya ''Dudley Avuga kuri njye'' mu rwego rwo kuyobora umushinga wa Akua Benjamin Legacy Project yakozwe na Alison Duke . Yakiriye Ikiganiro Cyiza cya Kanada mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime ya Karayibe. <ref>https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/what-is-the-legacy-project/</ref> <ref>https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/watch-50-years-of-black-activism/</ref> <ref>https://nowtoronto.com/news/black-heroes-of-toronto-anti-racism</ref> Abagore bombi barema bashizeho ubufatanye bushingiye ku guhuza indangagaciro maze bashinga uruganda rukora OYA Media Group. <ref>https://www.oyamediagroup.com/oya</ref> Itsinda rya mbere rya OYA Media Group ni ''Mr. Jane and Finch''bayobowe na Conteh George kandi bafatanije kwandika / bafatanije na Conteh George na Duke. Iyi documentaire yashinzwe na CBC Doc POV ikazenguruka kuri Winston Larose, umukunzi w’umukecuru w’imyaka 80 ukomoka mu gihugu cya Giyane-Kanada ujugunya ingofero muri politiki y’ibanze kandi ahura n’ivanguramoko rishingiye kuri gahunda muri politiki ya Kanada. <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/cbcdocspov/episodes/mr-jane-and-finch</ref> Iyi filime yatorewe igihembo cya Golden Sheaf kandi yahawe ibihembo bibiri bya Canadian Screen Awards : Igihembo cya Donald Brittain Award Cyiza Cy’Imibereho Myiza ya Politiki no Kwandika neza kuri Documentaire. <ref>{{Template:Cite web}}http://yorktonfilm.com/2019-winners-nominees/mr_jane_and_finch/</ref> <ref>https://www.vimooz.com/2020/06/18/oya-media-groups-mr-jane-and-finch-wins-2-canadian-screen-awards/</ref> Yashinzwe na Duke, abo bagore bombi bayobora kandi gahunda ya OYA Emerging Filmmaker (bisanzwe byitwa Black Youth Pathway to Industry) kubakiri bato barangije porogaramu za firime na tereviziyo. <ref>https://mag.women2elevate.club/issue-18/whats-happening-now-oya-media-group</ref> == Igice cya firime == ** ''Soldiers for the Streets'' (2004) ** ''Literature Alive'' (2005) ** ''The Circle of Slavery'' (2008) ** ''The Rhyming Chef Barbuda'' (2009) ** ''The Flying Stars'' (2014) ** ''Dudley Speaks for Me'' (2016) ** ''Mr. Jane and Finch'' (2019) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] dy4xfw5dzcd7ahzdxn1wm9oa3p8revg 0 9841 80990 2021-11-30T15:59:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/994248883|Blanche Bilongo]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Blanche Bilongo''' (yavutse ku ya 26 Mutarama 1974) ni umukinnyi wa filime, umwanditsi wa filimi wo muri [[Kameruni]]. == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Bilongo akomoka muri [[Kameruni|Cameroni]] hagati <ref>https://www.237online.com/wob1ihus/</ref> Yize muri kaminuza ya Johnson muri Yaoundé akora ballet. Mu 1987, yatangiye kwitabira imyitozo yitsinda ryamakinamico ya Les Pagayeurs ya André Bang kandi yafashe mu mutwe imirongo yabigizemo uruhare. Umunsi umwe, ubwo umukinnyi wa mbere utari uhari, Bilongo yamusimbuye kandi imikorere ye yemeje abantu bose. Bilongo yaje kwinjira muri iryo tsinda. <ref name="atanga">https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200504150745.html</ref> Bilongo yatangiye gukina filime mu 2000, i ''Tiga, L'Héritage'' . Muri 2005, Bilongo yakinnye nka Sabine kuri opera yisabune ''N'taphil'' . Muri 2007, yakinnye Pam muri firime ya ''Les Blessures Inguérissables ya'' Hélène Patricia Ebah . Imico ye ivuga kubura umugabo we akamenya ko ubuzima bwe bwabaye ibinyoma. <ref>http://www.cameroon-info.net/article/yaounde-un-week-end-de-danse-et-de-comedie-106911.html</ref> Yabaye umwanditsi wa televiziyo CRTV mu 2009. <ref name="mere">http://www.crtv.cm/2019/02/musique-blanche-bilongo-rend-hommage-a-sa-mere/</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2015, Bilongo yahawe izina rya Knight of the Order of Valor, nyuma y’icyifuzo cya Minisitiri w’ubuhanzi n’umuco Narcisse Mouelle Kombi. <ref>http://www.cinecamer.info/index.php/fr/les-gens/45-blanche-bilongo-la-nation-reconnaissante</ref> Muri 2019, Bilongo yasohoye indirimbo ye ya mbere, "Le temps de Dieu". Yaririmbwe mu rurimi rwa Beti kandi yeguriwe nyina wapfuye. Muri 2020, yakinnye nka Marie Young muri comedi y'urukundo ''Coup de Foudre à Yaoundé'' . <ref>{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> == Amashusho == * 2000: ''Tiga, L'Héritage'' * 2006: ''Mon Ayon'': Eda * 2006: ''Enfant Peau Rouge'':queen * 2007: ''Les Mugisha Inguérissables'': Pam * 2010: ''Les Bantous vont au Cinéma'' * 2011: ''Biro ya Deuxième'' * 2020: ''Coup de Foudre à Yaoundé'': Marie Young == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] fsx0i1y72ren02p2kvvnq4rjyy4i2lp 14 9842 81008 2021-12-03T20:29:56Z MrTallBoy 9928 created category wikitext text/x-wiki category y'Abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] bakora ubushabitsi n'ishoramari h7n7ft86n0xsut1rsfu9raophy91vq1 0 9843 83583 81017 2022-05-14T19:07:55Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francine Munyaneza''' ni umucuruzikazi n'umushabitsi w'umunyarwandakazi, washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Munyax Eco Ltd, isosiyete ikora ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ikora kuva mu 2013 kandi ikorera i [[Kigali]]. Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa La Maison Verte, umushinga wo kubaka ubusugire bw'ibidukikije. <ref name=":1">https://www.afdb.org/en/news-keywords/global-gender-summit-2019</ref> == Uburezi == Munyaneza yari yarigishijwe imari n'imicungire y'ubucuruzi mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kaminuza yitwa Université Catholique de Louvain. <ref name=":1">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.afdb.org/en/news-keywords/global-gender-summit-2019 "Global Gender Summit 2019"]. ''African Development Bank - Building today, a better Africa tomorrow''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga == Usibye impamyabumenyi ye, Munyaneza yahisemo gusubira mu rugo (mu [[Rwanda]]) kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe bw’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kandi buhendutse kugira ngo akemure ibibazo by’amashanyarazi mu cyaro ndetse n’amazi ashyushye mu mijyi myinshi yo mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/person/francine-munyaneza</ref> Ibyo byabaye nyuma yimyaka 20 yuburambe mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, [[Burayi|Uburayi]], [[Afurika]], [[Aziya]] na [[Amerika]] akora ku nzego nkuru z'ubuyobozi hamwe n’amasosiyete akomeye yo muri [[Amerika]] yo mu majyaruguru, ndetse n’imiryango iharanira ubutabazi ya Komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge (ICRC), Médecins Sans Frontières or Doctors Without Borders(MSF. <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/how-one-woman-leveraging-renewable-energy-lift-other-women</ref> Munyaneza yagaragaje ubusobanuro bw'ingufu z'izuba mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2021/how-rwanda-can-tap-into-the-potential-of-solar-power/</ref> [[Rwanda]] ni igihugu kiri kuzamuka mubijyanye n'uburinganire , <ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/01/10/577018509/rwanda-ranks-in-the-top-5-for-gender-equity-do-its-teen-girls-agree</ref> <ref>https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2017.pdf</ref> Munyaneza yaharaniye kuzamura ubushobozi bw'igitsinagore, <ref>https://www.energy.gov/articles/womens-clean-energy-wednesday-spotlight-rwanda</ref> kandi azwiho guha umwanya bagenzibe b'igitsinagore haba mu kazi ko gucuruza ndetse no mukubungabuka ihindagurika ry'ikirere . <ref>https://alurb.org/index.php/personnel/francine-munyaneza/</ref> <ref>https://www.epdrwanda.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Quarter3.pdf</ref> Kuva mu 2014, isosiyete ye Munyax Eco yatoranijwe na REG ( Rwanda Energy Group, isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi mu gihugu) kugira ngo itange ingufu za Solar Water Heaters. Niyo mpamvu isosiyete ye yagiye ikurikirana sisitemu zirenga 800 za Solar Water Heating sisitemu kubakiriya barenga 1200 B2B & B2C itanga ingufu kubantu barenga 10,000, inatanga amashanyarazi yizuba kuri sisitemu ya gride, Solar Street itara nibindi bikoresho byizuba (Solar Home Systems, Solar Cold Chain and other Solar productive use equipment). <ref>https://www.socialopencamp.org/munyax-eco-rwanda/?lang=en</ref> Nyuma y’imyaka itanu ikora, Munyax Eco yamenyekanye n’itsinda ry’imigabane rya Londres ko iri mu "ma business yihuta cyane muri [[Afurika]] " muri raporo iheruka gukorwa na "Companies to Inspire Africa", yashyizwe ahagaragara muri Mutarama 2019. <ref name=":0" /> Munyaneza na ICU basinyanye amasezerano yo gutanga ibikoresho byubwubatsi bwa sisitemu yo gufotora mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mu rwego rwo kuzamura umusaruro w’amashanyarazi hifashishijwe imirasire ishobora kongera ingufu muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://www.icu.it/en/icu-signed-the-contract-for-the-supply-of-construction-equipment-of-a-photovoltaic-system-in-burundi/</ref> Munyaneza yigaragaje cyane akarere k'ibiyaga bigari hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwe bushya bw’ingufu zishobora kubaho binyuze mu ngorane zo kubona inguzanyo. <ref>https://www.euronews.com/next/2014/04/02/europe-and-africa-working-together-to-build-investment-opportunities</ref> == Ibyagezweho n'ibihembo == Francine Munyaneza yatowe vuba aha muri AFSIA Solar Awards 2021 n’ishyirahamwe ry’imirasire y’izuba muri [[Afurika]] kandi yegukana igihembo cyitwa “The Residential Project of the year” kubera ibikorwa by’ubushyuhe bw’izuba mu gihugu hose. <ref>http://afsiasolar.com/nominees-for-the-afsia-solar-awards-2021-are-announced/</ref> Yatowe nkumukinnyi wumwaka urenga 30, abahatanira Founder of The Year Awards 2020 - muri Afrika yuburasirazuba . <ref>https://foya.thefounder.africa/post/finalist-nominees-for-founder-of-the-year-awards-2020-east-africa-founder-of-the-year-over-30</ref> Munyaneza yakiriye inkunga muri ARIE 2021 binyuze muri USADF ( Fondasiyo ya Amerika ishinzwe iterambere ). <ref>https://www.usadf.gov/press-release/815</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda-related lists]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi muri Business]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] io5ojgiz6z6ufaldd9r8aozfu4itsyu 0 9844 81076 81018 2021-12-07T14:52:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dominique_Alonga.jpg|thumb| Dominique Alonga]] '''Dominique Alonga''' ni umukobwa ukiri muto, rwiyemezamirimo, umwanditsi na blogger . Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Imagine We Rwanda, ububiko bwibitabo, inzu y’ibitabo n’isomero ryashinzwe mu 2014. <ref name=":0">https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/news/getting-the-young-to-read-books-written-for-their-enjoyment-by-rwanda-peers-3608580</ref> == Uburezi == Alonga yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru kandi azobereye mu mibanire rusange no gucunga ibirori muri Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] . <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ya Alonga, Dominque yasubiye i [[Kigali|Kigali mu Rwanda]] maze atangira gukora mu ishami ry’itumanaho rya Never Again Rwanda. <ref name=":1">http://sheinspiresher.com/dominique-alonga-spreading-a-passion-for-reading/</ref> Muri 2014, yinjiye mu marushanwa ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinzwe imibereho myiza bakora mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana icyo gihe muri Kanama 2015, ahabwa igihembo cy’amafaranga n’umushinga udaharanira inyungu Reach for Change cyamuteye kureka akazi yakoraga maze atangira ku mugaragaro kwikorera. umuryango we utegamiye kuri Leta, Imagine We Rwanda. <ref name=":1" /> Bitewe no kutagira ibitabo byinjira mu ruhame hanze y’isomero rusange rya [[Kigali]], yatangije umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta agamije kongerera ubushobozi umuco wo gusoma no guhanga mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/</ref> Alonga yemeza ko kimwe mu bikenewe cyane [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Afurika]] bifite ari ugukunda ubuvanganzo kandi akoresha igihe cye n'umutungo kugira ngo atange umusanzu muto muri ibyo bikenewe. <ref>http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/girldistrict.html</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/unicef-and-airtel-host-pitch-night-young-entrepreneurs-rwanda</ref> Alonga yatangiriye ku gitabo cy’abana cyitwa ''ABC's of Rwanda, igitabo'' cyanditseho inkuru ngufi nka ''The Burden of the Saved a'' nd ''The Shape of Hypocrisyand Tracing the Cracks'', kimaze kumenyekana kuko gishingiye ku ihungabana ry’ibisekuruza ndetse na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo]] mu 1994. <ref>https://www.andariya.com/post/young-inspiring-women-from-rwanda</ref> Yanditse inkuru nyinshi zibabaza kandi zisusurutsa umutima zakoze kuba[[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|rwanda benshi nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994]] . <ref>https://mellowviews.com/tracing-the-cracks-by-dominique-alonga-review-raw-heartbreaking-and-heartwarming/</ref> Alonga ahugura urubyiruko kubijyanye no guteza imbere imishinga no kwitwara neza binyuze mumushinga wamateka, kandi yibanda ku mpano zibitabo, guhugura abashobora kwandika, no gusohora ibitabo. <ref>https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/</ref> <ref>https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/932271556078151352/pdf/Blog4Dev-2019-Enhancing-the-Skills-to-Prepare-Africa-s-Youth-for-the-Digital-Economy-and-the-Future-of-Work.pdf</ref> Alonga atezimbere gusoma no umuco wo kwandika mubanyarwanda ndetse no mumashuri ubaha ibikoresho bifatika bashobora guhuza no kwihesha agaciro kubasomyi ba Afrika. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/alonga-her-book-tracing-cracks-and-imagine-we-book-app</ref> <ref>https://africa.reachforchange.org/en/impact/impact-social-entrepreneurs/dominique-brings-joys-reading-rwandan-children</ref> == Ibihembo == Dominique Alonga yahawe ibihembo byinshi nkurubyiruko rwihangira imirimo harimo Tigo na Reach for Change Digital Changemakers Award 2015, <ref>http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2654</ref> One Hundred Most Influential Young Africans, UKAID’s iAccelerator, Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers(CYRWA) Award and Youth connect champion 2015,World Bank Blog for Development Award 2016, and Mandela washington fellow 2016 in the U.S <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201550</ref> == Ubuzima == Dominique Alonga yavutse kuri nyina wo mu [[Rwanda]] Antoinette Nyirahuku na Christopher Alonga, se uva muri congo. Alonga yavukiye muri DRC ariko mu 1997 umuryango we wahunze [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (DRC) ujya mu [[Rwanda]] bashaka umutekano. azwiho gukunda kwandika no gutangaza. Amarana umwanya munini nabana kugirango basome hamwe nibiganiro mbwirwaruhame. <ref>http://twentytentalent.com/a-day-in-the-life-of-dominique-uwase-alonga-ceo-of-imagine-we-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://issuu.com/inzozi/docs/rwandair_inzozi_magazine_september__b0b10289eb6135/52</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 39wbt59dedxkkzbojtip1ky9bs7g349 0 9845 81019 2021-12-04T07:52:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056585739|Rosette Chantal Rugamba]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosette Chantal Rugamba''' ni umucuruzikazi washoye mu bukerarugendo, washinze kandi Umuyobozi wa Songa Africa, sosiyete ikora ibijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba akaba na nyiri Amakoro Songa Kinigi Lodge ikorera mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/rosette-chantal-rugamba/</ref> <ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2019/songa-africas-chantal-rugamba-on-the-rise-of-high-end-tourism-in-rwanda/</ref> == Uburezi == Rosette afite impamyabumenyi ya politiki ( siyanse mbonezamubano) ya siyanse na sociologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, yize ibijyanye no kwamamaza mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] kandi ni umuyobozi wa Aspen's global leadership -Ali East Africa of 2010. <ref>https://eturbonews.com/56736/rosette-rugamba-graduates-aspen-s-global-leadership-course/</ref> Niwe mwanditsi w’isoko rusange ry’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo (COMESA) m'Ubukerarugendo burambye - ishingiro ryo gushyiraho ingamba n’ubukerarugendo mu karere. <ref>https://equitygroupfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Equity-Bank-Annual-Report-2015-1.pdf</ref> == Umwuga == Rosette Chantal Rugamba ashishikajwe cyane n'ubukerarugendo kandi afite ubutunzi bwinshi bw'ubushishozi n'inzego za leta mu gukangurira ubufatanye bwa Leta n'abikorera guteza imbere ubukerarugendo neza . Rosette yagize uruhare runini mu nganda n’ubukerarugendo mu myaka 24 ishize atangirana na EuroStar mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], hanyuma aba umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha no kwamamaza muri British Airways muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] no muri central Afurika . <ref>https://www.africanparks.org/about-us/our-people/rosette-chantal-rugamba</ref> , yagiye akora nk'Umuyobozi mu Nama Nyafurika yikorabuhanga- [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] . <ref>https://www.gianmarcomaraviglia.com/rwanda-women</ref> Ni perezida w’Urugereko rw’Ubukerarugendo, akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y’Urugereko rw’Abagore mu Ishyirahamwe ry’abikorera. <ref>https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/travel/black-travel-guide/visiting-africa-community-led-tourism-airbnb-travel-summit/</ref> Kuva mu 2003, Rosette yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w’ibiro by’ubukerarugendo na parike y’u [[Rwanda]] (ORTPN), <ref>https://womenforenvironment.org/we_are/rosette-chantal-rugamba/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/4089</ref> aho yateje imbere ububyutse n’iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo mu nyuma makimbirane y’u Rwanda no kubungabunga parike eshatu z’igihugu mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/46460</ref> <ref>http://expressnews.rw/rosette-rugamba-gets-appointed-to-unwtos-tourism-ethics-committee/</ref> Kuva mu 2003 kugeza 2010, ubwo yari umuyobozi ushinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]], umubare w’abakerarugendo wiyongereye uva ku 13.000 ugera kuri 790.000 ndetse anaba uwa mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize. <ref>https://www.tourismleadershipforum.africa/2018-speakers-details/</ref> [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rwatoranijwe kuba intangarugero mu gukora ubukerarugendo bwa [[Afurika]] kandi rutsindira imurikagurisha ryiza rya [[Afurika]] mu imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi rya ITB-tourism mu myaka 4 ikurikiranye. <ref>https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/telecoms-en/5467/rwanda-is-selected-as-model-for-e-tourism</ref> Rosette yamenyekanye [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|nk'Ubunyamabanga bw'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] nk'umwe mu bashinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu karere. Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|Ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] (RDB). <ref>https://eturbonews.com/29395/deputy-ceo-rwanda-development-board-tourism-moves/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/88607</ref> Rosette Rugamba ashyirwa muri komite ishinzwe imyitwarire y’ubukerarugendo bwa UNTWO-Global manda y’imyaka ine yatangiye ku ya 17 Nzeri 2017 kandi akora nk'umujyanama wihariye w’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe ubukerarugendo ku isi (UNWTO). <ref>https://www.unwto.org/members-2017-2021</ref> <ref>https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4084807.html</ref> Mu zindi nshingano za Rosette harimo gukorera mu Nama y'Ubucuruzi Mark East Africa (TMEA) na Sonarwa-Insurance Company. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/192042</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 95zpvpmwwft2xc3lm0h18tvg5gflli0 0 9846 81054 81020 2021-12-07T09:32:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akaliza Keza Gara ni''' umunyarwakazi w'umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanaga n'itumanaho akaba n'umucuruzikazi <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/akaliza-keza-gara-rwanda-s-ict-woman-1323180</ref>. Afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere abakobwa kandi yamenyekanye kubera ibikorwa bye n'ibihembo byatanzwe na guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho . '''Gara''' yashinze ubujyanama bwikoranabuhanga hamwe nisosiyete ikora urubuga hamwe na studio ya animasiyo. Yavuzweho kuba "umwe mu bagore bake bo mu [[Rwanda]] bateye intambwe igaragara mu guhindura isura y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu" kandi akaba umunyamuryango w’umuryango World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community<ref>http://www.techtalentfuture.com/akaliza-keza-gara-rwandan-it-activist-and-entrepreneur/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/109151</ref>. == Umwuga == Akaliza Keza Gara yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] kandi yabayeho mu bihe bitandukanye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Kenya]], [[Amerika]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Ubutaliyani|n'Ubutaliyani]]. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhanga bwa multimediya no gushushanya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kent, Canterbury (UK). <ref name="east" /> Yatuye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma yo kurangiza icyiciro cye maze atsindira akazi ke ka mbere mu 2009 akoresheje isoko ryo guhatanira urubuga rw’ubunyamabanga bwa Leta bwongerera ubushobozi abakozi ba Leta. Yari afite imyaka 23 y'amavuko kandi yagombaga kuguza mudasobwa igendanwa kugirango arangize akazi. <ref name="klab">https://klab.rw/public/member/21</ref> Gara yashinze ubucuruzi bwa Multimedia Shaking Sun kugirango amwemere gutsindira imirimo myinshi mubijyanye no gushushanya, gukora imbuga na animasiyo no gutoza abana b'abanyarwanda. <ref name="east" /> Isosiyete yakoze imbuga za Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi mu [[Rwanda]] na Minisiteri y’umutungo kamere. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/54835</ref> Kuva muri Nzeri 2012, Gara yakoraga nk'umujyanama muri kLab, umuryango utanga ubufasha bw'ikoranabuhanga no gutanga inama ku bantu bo muri [[Kigali]] ndetse anakorana n'Abakobwa bo muri ICT Rwanda, umuryango uhuza abagore bakora mu bumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho kugira ngo bateze imbere ikoranabuhanaga nk'umwuga kubakobwa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/54835</ref> Ni umunyamuryango wa Kigali hub umuryango wa World Economic Forum’s Global Shapers Community. <ref name="venture">http://ventureburn.com/2014/04/built-in-africa-shaking-suns-akaliza-keza-gara-on-using-tech-to-tell-african-stories/</ref> Muri 2012 Gara yahawe igihembo cya Rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore witwaye neza muri ICT na Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko na ICT. <ref name="venture" /> Muri uwo mwaka, yari umwe mu bagore bane bo mu [[Rwanda]] ba rwiyemezamirimo ba ICT bamenyekanye nk'indashyikirwa mu nzego zabo n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho . <ref>http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/08/tech-entrepreneur-encourages-rwandas-young-women-to-venture-into-ict/</ref> Yatangiye gukoresha "Abanyarwanda kuri Twitter" (#RwOT) hashtag. <ref name="kig">https://web.archive.org/web/20180915053712/http://www.kigalian.com/socialmedia/2015/05/10-young-rwandan-entrepreneurs-you-should-follow-on-twitter/</ref> Muri 2013, Microsoft yashyizeho Gara nk'uhagarariye urubyiruko muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ku nshuro ya mbere Umunyarwanda ashyirwaho kuri uwo mwanya, kandi yari umwe mu bane bagize akanama ngishwanama k'urubyiruko muri gahunda ya 4Afrika. <ref>http://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/utuntu-n-utundi/Akariza-Keza-Gara-Umunyarwandakazi-watowe-mu-buyobozi-bwa-Microsoft-muri</ref> Gara yashinze kandi Studiyo Yambi Animation. <ref name="kig" /> Arimo guteza imbere ''animasiyo ya African Tales'', izaba ikinamico ya mbere ya bana yakorewe mu [[Rwanda]]. Gara yakoze umushinga wa mbere wa cartoon mumwaka wa 2014, urukurikirane rwigisha abana, kandi yizera ko azateza imbere uwo mwuga hamwe nabana babanyaRwanda.<ref>http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/08/tech-entrepreneur-encourages-rwandas-young-women-to-venture-into-ict/</ref> Muri 2018, Gara yashyizweho n’umunyamabanga mukuru [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’umuryango w’abibumbye]] António Guterres kuba mu kanama gashinzwe ubufatanye bwa Digital<ref>https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/eda-news/2018/09/04/kent-alumna-from-rwanda-joins-high-level-un-panel-alongside-melinda-gates-and-jack-ma-and-makes-significant-strides-to-change-the-face-of-technology-in-her-country/</ref>. Muri ako kanama, Umunyamabanga mukuru yagize ati: “Ikoranabuhanga rya Digital rigira uruhare runini mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iterambere rirambye kandi bagabanya umwihariko ku mipaka mpuzamahanga. Ni yo mpamvu, ubufatanye mu bihugu byose ndetse no ku mipaka ari ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubushobozi bw’imibereho n’ubukungu by’ikoranabuhanga hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kugabanya ingaruka zose zitateganijwe. ” <ref>https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1817.doc.htm/</ref> Gara yasobanuwe nk "umwe mu bagore bake bo mu [[Rwanda]] bateye intambwe igaragara mu guhindura isura y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu". Yitabiriye Amahoro Binyuze mu Bucuruzi ndetse n'Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuyobozi mu masomo yo guhangana no gutera imbere ndetse muri 2017 yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya siyansi mu bumenyi bw'ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri Kobe Institute of Computing . <ref>https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=waK8diEAAAAJ&hl=en</ref> == Icyubahiro == Icyubahiro cyakiriwe na Akaliza Keza Gara kirimo: * Impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro yo muri kaminuza ya Kent * Umwe mubagize akanama ngishwanama ka Microsoft 4Afrika * Umwe mu bagize [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku bufatanye bwa Digital == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] f5jil6fkb24duwczykazuymyf094xfu 0 9847 81083 81021 2021-12-07T17:55:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lina Mukashyaka Higiro''' ni umucuruzikazi wo mu [[Rwanda]] kandi yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki ya NCBA mu Rwanda kuva muri Nyakanga 2018<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/lina-higiro-among-top-3-seasoned-women-shaping-east-africa-s-banking-financial</ref>. <ref name="1R">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/cba-bank-rwanda-new-ceo</ref> mbere yuko ahabwa inshingano, kuva muri Nyakanga 2016, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa AB Bank Rwanda . Muri uru ruhare, yagenzuye imikorere ya banki, amabanki y’ubucuruzi, iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’imari ya digitale<ref>https://kenyanwallstreet.com/angaza-awards-top-10-finalists-lina-higiro/</ref><ref name="2R">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgHL3Zf6Zvk</ref>. Mbere yibyo, Higiro yari Umuyobozi w’Ingamba, Igenamigambi n’Ubucuruzi muri I&amp;amp;M Banki , kandi mbere yaho yakoraga muri Guaranty Trust Bank (icyo gihe yari Fina Bank), nk'umuyobozi wa Banki , kuva 2007 kugeza 2011. <ref name="1R" /> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yize muri kaminuza ya North-West University, muri Afurika yepfo, arangizanya impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi <ref>https://rw.ncbagroup.com/meet-the-team/</ref><ref name="1R" />. Nyuma, yabonye Master of Business Administration yakuye muri kaminuza ya Liverpool mu [[Bwongereza]] <ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/article/yatangiye-akora-mu-mw-isomero-none-ni-umwe-mu</ref>. Afite kandi icyemezo mu bucuruzi n’itumanaho ry’amasosiyete, cyatanzwe na kaminuza ya Ryerson, i Toronto, muri [[Kanada]]<ref name=":0" />. * == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] r8h6mblh40niwrl583dh1ldrvwus111 0 9848 81022 2021-12-04T16:45:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1057864561|Mireille Karera]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mireille Karera''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'umucuruzi akaba na rwiyemezamirimo , washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa KORA Coaching Group Ltd, isosiyete ikora ibya Coaching & Consulting ikorera mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]] . <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/1/28/the-startup-story-of-mireille-karera</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/230914</ref> == Uburezi == Karera yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Business & Legal Translation i Cologne, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] . <ref>https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/</ref> == Umwuga == Kabera yagarutse muri [[Afurika]] nyuma yo kumara imyaka irenga 13 akora nk'uwambere mu kugurisha, ingamba zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi ku batanga serivisi z’imari ku isi nka Moody's Investor Services, EBS Dealing Resources (ubu ICAP) na Thomson Reuters i Londres, Dubai, Johannesburg na [[Nairobi]] . <ref>https://breakfastclubafrica.com/coaches-3/</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/madame-jeannette-kagame-yasabye-abagore-kwirinda-kwigana-imishinga-y-abandi</ref> Yabaye Umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Abagore ku Isi mu [[Rwanda]] kandi mbere yari Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abagore ruherereye i Dubai ruha imbaraga abagore mu nshingano z’Ubuyobozi no kwiteza imbere ku kazi, <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Inama-y-Abagore-ku-Isi-izizihiriza-Umunsi-w-Abagore-mu-Rwanda</ref> yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho gahunda z’ubujyanama bw’umwuga ku bagore. <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/karera-i-have-been-to-54-countries-so-far-1394656</ref> Afite inkuru nyinshi zishishikariza abagore kwishora mubucuruzi . <ref>http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=7&a=3889</ref> <ref>https://www.amazonswatchmagazine.com/exclusive-qa/my-dream-is-to-see-the-gender-agenda-become-a-thing-of-the-past-mireille-karera/</ref> Ubufatanye bwe hagati ya KORA Coaching Group na Career Women Network [[Kigali]] bukemura ikibazo cyubumenyi hagati yabategarugori kugirango bahabwe amahirwe yo guhatanira akazi. <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/rwanda-chosen-for-the-launch-of-kora-coaching</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/230914</ref> Isosiyete ye KORA Coaching and Business Academy (KCA) yakwirakwije serivisi zayo mu bihugu bitandukanye bya [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/local-leadership-coaching-company-looks-export-services-out-rwanda</ref> Mu by'ukuri, mu academy bituma abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo kubona uburenganzira business batoza no mentorship, ndetse ubumenyi gucunga ubucuruzi. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/06/first-lady-jeannette-kagame-advises-women-to-stop-replicating-business/</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91856/kigali-hateguwe-breakfast-seminar-yabagore-nabakobwa-bari-mu-nzego-zubuyobozi-mu-kubafasha-91856.html</ref> == Ibihembo == Muri 2017, Karera yahawe igihembo "Africa’s Top 25 Distinguished Women in Business Excellence" n'ikinyamakuru Africa Leadership Magazine & Amazons Watch Magazine. <ref>https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] o3l1bs5dte786a0q2jonzm6m3jcdmq1 0 9849 81053 81023 2021-12-07T09:21:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Clarisse Iribagiza 2014.jpg|thumb|'''Clarisse Iribagiza''']] '''Clarisse Iribagiza''' (yavutse 28 Mutarama 1988) ni umunyarwanda w'umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa. Ni umuyobozi mukuru akaba ari nawe washinze isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya mobile HeHe Limited kandi ni umwe mubanyamuryango 7 ba UNCTAD "eTrade y’abagore bunganira abagore baturuka mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere". Yabanje kwegukana ibihembo bya ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba kuri televiziyo ''Inspire Africa'' Season 1.<ref>http://africawomenexperts.com/lng/en/2021/10/clarisse-iribagiza-the-computer-scientist-who-is-revolutionising-e-commerce-in-rwanda/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/28274</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/72063</ref> == Ubuzima == Iribagiza yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] kandi yitabira gahunda ya incubation ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <ref name="New Vision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1409381/27-clarisse-iribagiza-driving-rwandas-tech-industry/</ref> Yashinze isosiyete ye mugihe akiri muto. Isosiyete ye yakuze ifite abakiriya miliyoni ebyiri. Isosiyete ikorana nabatanga isoko kandi babona uburyo bwo kugurisha kuri Internet ibicuruzwa byabo, kubarura no kwakira ubwishyu bwa digitale kubakiriya babo ba nyuma. <ref name="bit">https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2203</ref> HeHe Labs yafatanije na GirlHub muri gahunda igamije gushishikarira abakobwa bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Ntabwo babigisha ibijyanye na ICT gusa, ahubwo ikoranabuhanga nigishushanyo muri rusange no mubitekerezo binegura. <ref>https://glimug.com/clarisse-iribagiza-is-transforming-rwanda-into-one-of-africas-most-active-tech-hubs/</ref> Iribagiza yari umwe muri "20 movers and shakers of Africa" bavuzwe mu nama nkuru <ref name="TechHerNG">https://techherng.com/clarisse-iribagiza/</ref> hanyuma umwaka ukurikira [[Jeannette Kagame]], Madamu wa perezida w'u Rwanda amuhemba muri gahunda y'imbuto foundation yiswe "Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers". . <ref name="TechHerNG" /> Muri 2017 yatowe nk'umwe mu bagore 100 ba OkayAfrica. <ref>https://100women.okayafrica.com/</ref> Irabagiza yicaye mu itsinda ry’abajyanama ba Perezida wa [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika.]] <ref name="bit" /> [[Dosiye:L_to_R_Claudia_de_Heredia_Helianti_Hilman_Nina_Angelovska_Patricia_Zoundi_Yao_and_Xiaofei_Yao.jpg|thumb| L kugeza R: Abandi batsindiye igihembo Claudia de Heredia, Helianti Hilman, Nina Angelovska, Patricia Zoundi Yao na Xiaofei Yao]] Ku ya 24 Nzeri 2019, Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubucuruzi n’iterambere yatangaje "eTrade y’abagore bunganira" baturutse mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere<ref>https://africanews.space/in-conversation-with-clarisse-iribagiza-ceo-of-hehe/</ref>. Irabagiza yarari kumwe nabandi nka Nina Angelovska, Nazanin Daneshvar, Xiaofei Yao, Patricia Zoundi Yao, Claudia de Heredia na Helianti Hilman <ref>https://unctad.org/news/unctad-unveils-7-top-advocates-women-tech-e-commerce</ref>. Byatangajwe kumusozo w’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye i New York ariko Irabagiza yari umwe muri babiri batitabiriye ibirori byo gutanga ibihembo<ref>https://aptantech.com/2019/09/23/rwandas-clarisse-iribagiza-founder-of-dmm-hehe-among-7-etrade-advocates-to-be-feted-at-unga/</ref>. == Ibindi bihembo<ref>https://www.biztechafrica.com/article/rwandan-entrepreneur-wins-inspire-africa-award/2489/#:~:text=The%20co%2Dfounder%20and%20CEO,first%20Inspire%20Africa%20entrepreneurs'%20competition.&text=Iribagiza%20won%20the%20overall%20prize,the%20tune%20of%20USD50%2C000.</ref> == * Forbes 30 Yabatarengeje imyaka 30 muri 2015 * Igitekerezo cy’abataliyani, LSDP (Lo Spazio della Politica) yise Iribagiz mubantu 100 batekereza kwisi. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] fv5zb43p2ojgfosxnu3whdjcvvtrkiv 0 9850 82088 82075 2022-02-19T03:57:36Z Ladsgroup 2397 Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]]) wikitext text/x-wiki == Ni muntu ki? == Umutesi Aliane ni umukobwa w’imyaka 22 akaba ari umunyeshyuri muri Kaminuza,aka ari rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto kandi w'umunyarwandakazi. == Inzozi za Aliane == Aliane Umutesi, yari asanzwe afite inzozi zo kuzakora umwuga wo gucuruza,ibihe by'icyorezo cya COVID-19 byatumye mu ngamba zifatwa harimo ni uko abantu basabwaga kuguma mu rugo, nibwo Aliane yatekereje gushinga kampani '''Lush Green Groceries'' ishinzwe guhahira ndetse no gushyikiriza abantu, ibiribwa byiganjemo imboga, imbuto, ibikoresho by'isuku mu ngo zabo.<ref>https://thebridge.rw/covid-19-yatumye-inzozi-z-umutesi-zisohora/ </ref> == Ishakiro == s0yzqflqpld9dlynlr68c5ehsxcicc8 0 9851 81043 81027 2021-12-06T18:55:28Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy Murekatete''' ni umunyarwandakazi, akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo n'umucuruzi, yashinze isosiyete mu [[Rwanda]] yitwa Jotete Investments Ltd.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/rwandas-youth-can-power-economic-recovery</ref> == Umwuga == Murekatete ufite ubucuruzi bwo kwakira abashyitsi, yatangiye isosiyete y' ubucuruzi mumwaka wa 2013, ikaba yaragize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza indabyo kubakiriya bayo batandukanye barimo amahoteri (ikigo cya Radisson blue na [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigali convention centre]], Hill View iri i Kigali na Gisenyi, Ubumwe grande, Chocolate), amabanki (Banki nkuru yigihugu y'u Rwanda, Ambasade y'Amerika, DFID, Presidence,Parliament, Insengero(kigali english church, kibagabaga, God is able, Kanombe, Insurance company, saham, Khazan restaurant nahandi henshi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rw.undp.org/content/rwanda/en/home/presscenter/opinion-pieces/rwanda_s-youth-can-power-economic-recovery.html</ref> Murekatete avuga ko binyuze mu ihuriro, we nabandi bagore benshi bafite imishinga nkiye bazashobora kugera kuri byinshi bitandukanye harimo kwiga, kubona ubufasha bw'amafaranga bakeneye kandi gushobora kuzamura ubucuruzi bwabo no gukora neza.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-hub-connect-rwandan-women-entrepreneurs-markets</ref> == Ibihembo == [[Banki ya Kigali]] ifatanije na Inkomoko Entrepreneur Development yatangaje ko Murekatete ari umwe muri ba rwiyemezamirimo batanu batsindiye kubona Inguzanyo zidafite inyungu biturutse kuri gahunda zabo zo kuzamura no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu Rwanda binyuze muri 2020 BK Urumuri.<ref>https://bk.rw/media/five-winners-announced-for-2020-bk-urumuris-interest-free-loans</ref> == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] lg56tw47ywk1veojwqlh3kyk3gery91 0 9852 81047 81044 2021-12-06T19:02:55Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Umurerwa ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ryisoko mukigo cya ICDL Afrika.<ref>https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=38387</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 31lh0nxw4d7w4ztgobd60w7jz6bf4tq 0 9853 81030 2021-12-06T14:18:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1058801485|Jessie Kalisa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jessie Kalisa Umutoni''' (wavutse 1973) ni [[Rwanda|rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore wo mu Rwanda]], umukire akaba n’umuyobozi wa G-Mart Ltd isosiyete ikora kandi igapakira ingwa zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name=":0">https://allafrica.com/stories/201411270347.html</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Bahangayikishijwe-n-ikibazo-cy-ingwa-zibatera-uburwayi</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83034/uruganda-g-mart-rukora-ingwa-batanze-inkunga-ya-miliyoni-esh-83034.html</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abanyarwanda-binjiye-ku-isoko-rya-centrafrique-ibyo-bemerewe-ku-bashaka-gushora</ref> Mbere yo gutangiza isosiyete ye bwite '''Kalisa''' yari umuyobozi ushinzwe abakozi n’ubuyobozi muri Inyange iindustries kuva mu 2008 kandi mbere yaho yari umuhuzabikorwa muri MTN-Rwanda. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>https://en.igihe.com/business/rwanda-business-week-in-bujumbura-a-success</ref> <ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/103036</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Kalisa yavutse 1973 nk'imfura mu muryango w'abakobwa barindwi n'abahungu babiri; ababyeyi be ni Andrew Kalisa na Violette Mukansanga wo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ; ababyeyi be bari abarimu muri [[Uganda]], aho yize amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, nyuma yinjira muri Nkumba College (Nkumba University). Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yakoze imirimo itandukanye hanyuma nyuma yimyaka cumi n'ibiri asubira mwishuri aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri human resources. <ref name=":1">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/103036 "Jessie Kalisa Umutoni says women must become risk takers to succeed"]. ''The New Times | Rwanda''. 2012-07-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-05</span></span>.</cite></ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] e22jrxoflei45214owgw0qk83d0vck1 0 9854 81031 2021-12-06T14:25:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1058895260|Mushimiyimana Eugénie]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mushimiyimana Eugénie''' ni Umunyarwandakazi w’umucuruzi, rwiyemezamirimo akaba n'umuyobozi wa ba rwiyemezamirimo b'abagore mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/psf-chambers-get-new-representatives/</ref> . Azwi cyane ku nyubako 3 nini z'ubucuruzi afite i [[Kigali]] harimo M&M Plaza inyubako y'amagorofa 7 i Gishushu, Remera muri [[Kigali]] <ref>https://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu</ref> <ref>https://rushyashya.net/mushimiyimana-umugore-wiyubakiye-imiturirwa-irimo-nufite-amagorofa-arindwi-aravuga-imyato-ubuyobozi-bwiza/</ref> . == ubuzima bwo hambere == '''Eugénie''' wavukiye mu Karere ka Ruhango, Intara y'Amajyepfo yakuriye iruhande rwa nyina byamuteye kuba umucuruzi. Nyuma yo gushyingirwa afite imyaka 27 yabuze umugabo we icyo gihe ubuzima buba bubi noneho ahitamo gukora no gutunga umuryango we. Mu ntangiriro yacuruzaga mu biribwa birimo ibishyimbo, umuceri, amavuta y'imikindo n'ibindi ubucuruzi bwe bwatangiye mu gihugu imbere nyuma bwambuka umupaka abukorera no hanze y'u [[Rwanda]] . nyuma yaje gucuruza peteroli na sima nyuma yimyaka 20 atekereza ku kiruhuko cyizabukuru nyuma yinjira mu mutungo utimukanwa kandi '''Eugénie''' yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa kabiri w’ishyirahamwe ry’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu [[Rwanda]] (PSF) <ref>https://www.igihe.com/bahagaze-gute/</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> <ref>http://www.umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] rjqrfglu07roxmm7tpze02hw8yjjj0f 0 9855 83374 81094 2022-05-12T10:36:59Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zulfat Mukarubega''' ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi. Niwe washinze bwa mbere kaminuza y'ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2006, akaba anahagarariye mu by'amategeko iryo shuri rikuru ry’ubukerarugendo rya RTUC (Rwanda Tourism University College) .<ref>https://wisdomexchangetv.com/zulfat-mukarubega/</ref> yashinze kandi ikigo cya Home Care Training Center(HCTC).<ref>https://www.tripmondo.com/rwanda/eastern-province/bugesera-district/rushubi/</ref> == Amashuri == Mu myaka ya za 1970, Mukarubega yize ubuforomo imyaka itatu mubitaro bya [[Butare]] ari naho yabonye icyangombwa (certificat). Nyuma yaho, yahisemo gushaka akazi kugirango akomeze amashuri ariko ntiyakora umwuga w'ubuvuzi nubwo aribwo yari yarize ahubwo yabonye akazi muri garage y'abazungu i [[Kigali]] nk'umunyamabanga.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/96759</ref> Ubu ni umubyeyi wishimye ufite abana bane, umuhungu nabakobwa batatu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81278</ref> == Umwuga == Mukarubega afatwa nk'umwe muri ba rwiyemezamirimo bakomeye mu [[Rwanda]] ariko mukuzamuka kwe yaranzwe n'urugendo rwo kwihangana no kudacogora. Mu mwaka wa 1973, yashoye amafaranga 5000 yari yarazigamye ashinga resitora ntoya mu karere ka Kayonza, Intara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref name=":1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/183916</ref> Iyo Resitora niyo yamubereye intangiro y'urugendo rumuganisha kwiterambere nkinzozi ze. Resitora imaze gukomera, yafunguye ubucuruzi muri [[Kigali]] akajya agurisha imyenda yabagabo.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 1979 nibwo yashyingiwe, afatanyije n’umugabo we batangiza ishuri ryigisha tekiniki i Muhazi, akaba yari yungirije umuyobozi wungirije kuri iryo shuri. Yakomeje guhuza uburezi n'ubucuruzi.<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwandan-women-shining-in-their-various-areas-of-influence--1323186</ref> Mu 2002, yatangiye gukurikirana inzozi ze zanyuma, ashyiraho [https://wisdomexchangetv.com/zulfat-mukarubega/ ishuri] rikuru ry'ubukerarugendo no kwakira abashyitsi, risa n'iryari muri [[Kenya]] no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Muri 2006, iryo shuri rikuru nibwo ryakinguye amarembo abanyeshuri.<ref name=":1" /> Murwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy'ubushomeri mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kwakira abashyitsi, yasinyanye amazeserano na Quatar u Rwanda rukaba rugiye kohereza abarenga 600 barangije mu bukerarugendo no kwakira abashyitsi muri Qatar gukora mu gikombe cy'[[Isi]] cya FIFA kizabera muri Qatar giteganijwe muri ukuboza 2022.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-deal-opens-opportunities-rwandans-work-qatar-world-cup</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wa MTN Foundation.<ref>http://www.hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=6&a=4057</ref> == Ibihembo == Mukarubega ni umwe muri batatu bahawe ibihembo na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu [[Rwanda]](U.S. Embassy in Rwanda) akaba ari ibihembo mpuzamahanga by’abagore b’ubutwari bagaragaje ibikorwa bidasanzwe mwiterambere.<ref>https://rw.usembassy.gov/2017-women-of-courage/</ref> Muri 2011 yabaye umukozi wumwaka nka rwiyemezamirimo wumugore.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] doz9w5ncgl8b0o6hkgod0gr85b7lwho 0 9856 81052 81033 2021-12-07T09:10:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Umuhoza''' ni Pasiteri mu [[Rwanda]] , umuhuza wa magambo , akora muri domene zitandukanye ari umusemuzi mu ndimi zitandukanye, Umunyamakuru kandi akaba umushyushyarugamba (MC). Ni nyiri Éclat Communications Ltd, isosiyete itanga serivisi mubusemuzi, gutunganya ibintu no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref>https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/</ref> == Umwuga == '''Umuhoza''' kandi ni umwe mu bashinze umuryango wa Lucia's Scashed Candles, isosiyete IKORA buji ihumura ikorerwa mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ikwirakwizwa mu gihugu . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/duo-choosing-local-candle-making-spice-living-spaces</ref> Umuhoza ni umunyamuryango wa [[Rwanda]] Leaders Fellowship yakira gahunda zo gutanga inama ku rubyiruko mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207106</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Jeannette-Kagame-arashishikariza-urubyiruko-rw-abayobozi-kwigira-ku</ref> <ref>https://rwandaises.com/2020/01/umubano-mwiza-wabashakanye-ntupfa-kubaho-gusa-uraharanirwa-madamu-jeannette-kagame/</ref> Yakiriye iserukiramuco rya sinema rya gikirisitu ryo mu [[Rwanda]] 2018 <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84145/rwanda-christian-film-festival-84145.html</ref> , maze ayobora ubwo barangizaga icyiciro cya 2019 mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore (IEEW). Yagizwe moderator muri Alliance for Financial inclusion's 2019 Global Policy Forum . <ref>https://ieew.org/2019/10/around-the-class-of-2019-barbara-umuhoza/</ref> Muri 2020, yitabiriye inama y’amahoro binyuze mu bucuruzi iyobowe n’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore aho yagejeje ibitekerezo bye ku nshingano z’ubushumba n’uburyo byagize ingaruka ku cyorezo cya COVID-19 . <ref>https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/</ref> <ref>https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/#</ref> Umuhoza asangira ibitekerezo bye abinyujije kuri podcasts yakirwa kuri IHeartRadio . <ref>https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-peace-through-business-56252519/episode/ep16-barbara-umuhoza-pastor-and-successful-communications-56261452/</ref> Umuhoza kandi yashinze Barbara Show kuri YouTube hamwe na videwo mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] hamwe na rimwe na rimwe mu Cyongereza. <ref>https://teakisi.com/content-i-have-been-enjoying/</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 33bsklsnk648phk8aft8zkp723or2jl 0 9857 81045 81041 2021-12-06T19:00:17Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Marie Kantengwa''' ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwanda akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Hotel Chez Lando.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/kantengwa-yahawe-igihembo-mpuzamahanga-ku-bwo-guteza-imbere-hotel-chez-lando</ref> == Ubuzima n'Umwuga == Amaze kurokoka itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, yacitse intege cyane atakaza icyizere cyo kubaho Nyuma yuko hafi ya bose mu muryango we bishwe. Mu 1996, Kantengwa ni bwo yafashe umwanzuro wo gutangira kuvugurura Hotel Chez Lando, iyo hoteri ikaba yarashinzwe na musaza we Ndasigwa Lando wishwe muri Jenoside.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref> Louise Mushikiwabo wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda ubu akaba ayobora Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Ururimi rw’Igifaransa, La Francophonie akaba murumuna wa Anne-Marie na Lando, yafashije mukuruwe kubyutsa iyo hoteri na resitora.<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/578233/culture/rwanda-chez-lando-a-kigali-hotel-historique/</ref> Muri 2001, ubucuruzi bwa Kantengwa bwatangiye gutera imbere arinako yatangie kwegera no gufasha abantu batishoboye barimo imfubyi n'abapfakazi ba Jenoside.<ref name=":0" /> Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri kuva mu 2003 kugeza 2008, yatorewe kuyobora Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (Lower Chamber of Parliament) mbere yuko asubira kwibanda ku bucuruzi bw’amahoteri kugeza uyu munsi.<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/05/23/ku-myaka-58-mushikiwabo-uyoboye-urutonde-rwabagore-100-bavuga-rikijyana-muri-afurika-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref>https://www.visitvolcanoesnationalpark.com/accommodation-2/chez-lando-hotel/</ref> Ku butegetsi bwe muri hoteri y’umujyi, Kantengwa yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ryayo nk'uko byemejwe na Jean Marie Vianney Gatabazi, minisitiri w’ibanze.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/chez-lando-kantengwa-scoops-global-economic-prize</ref> == Ibihembo == Binyuze muri porogaramu ya Peace Through Business, Kantengwa yahawe igihembo cy’umuyobozi mwiza wa 2021 wateje imbere hotel ayoboye.Ni igihembo cyatanzwe n’Umuryango uteza imbere ba rwiyemezamirimo b’abagore ‘Institute for the Economic Empowerment of Women: IEEW’ <ref>https://ieew.org/2021/08/15th-anniversary-awards-presentation/</ref><ref>https://rwanda-podium.org/rwanda-genre-anne-marie-kantengwa-de-chez-lando-remporte-le-prix-economique-mondial/</ref> == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] h3d3y8aqfoh66cvq3ngccqndy9dy2rb 0 9859 81051 2021-12-07T04:20:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1050538137|Nathalie Mpaka]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nathalie Mpaka''', ni umucungamari akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru muri BK Group Plc (yahoze ari [[Banki ya Kigali]] ), banki nini y'ubucuruzi mu [[Rwanda]] . Ni umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari muri BK Group. <ref name="1R">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Bank-of-Kigali-net-profit-up-17pc/2560-5047632-ejsilr/index.html</ref> == Uburezi == Madamu Mpaka afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi mu icungamari yakuye muri kaminuza ya Birmingham City, i Birmingham, mu [[Bwongereza]], mu 2006. Ni n'umucungamari wemewe, wemewe na Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), bo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] . <ref name="2R">https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathalie-mpaka-497aba17/</ref> Byongeye kandi, ni umunyamuryango w'Ikigo gishinzwe ibaruramari ryemewe mu [[Rwanda]] (ICPAR). <ref name="3R">https://www.bkgi.rw/about-us/board-of-directors</ref> == Umwuga == Mu gihe yari akiri umunyeshuri wa kaminuza hagati ya 2004 na 2006, Nathalie yakoraga nk'umucungamari wungirije muri Parkwood Leisure Limited, isosiyete ikorera i Worcester mu Bwongereza, nko mu 50 kilometres (31 mi), mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'umujyi wa Birmingham. Yaje guhabwa akazi nk'umucungamari wemewe, na White Stuff Clothing, ihuriro ry'amaduka arenga 115 mu [[Bwongereza]], ahakorera imyaka itanu kuva 2007 kugeza 2012. <ref name="2R">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNathalie_Mpaka2019">Nathalie Mpaka (2019). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathalie-mpaka-497aba17/ "Nathalie Mpaka: Chief Financial Officer at BK Group Plc"]. [[LinkedIn.com]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, yimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] maze ahabwa akazi na Banki ya Kigali nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe imari, ahakorera imyaka ibiri. Ukuboza 2014, yazamuwe kuba Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari, uyu mwanya aracyafite guhera muri Werurwe 2019. <ref name="2R" /> <ref name="3R">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBank_of_Kigali_Insurance2019">Bank of Kigali Insurance (2019). [https://www.bkgi.rw/about-us/board-of-directors "Bank of Kigali Insurance: Board of Directors: More About Nathalie Mpaka"]. Kigali: Bank of Kigali Insurance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Madamu Nathalie Mpaka ni umwe mu bagize inama y'ubuyobozi muri Banki ya Kigali ishami ry'Ubwishingizi Rusange, ishami rya BK Group Plc. Akora kandi nk'umunyamuryango w'itsinda rikuru ry'ubuyobozi muri banki. Ni n'umwe mu bagize Inama Nyobozi mu kigo cy’abacungamari ba Leta bemewe mu [[Rwanda]]. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4d4jh6t8i07vgo4icf6ocnjp7pv8ho7 0 9860 81055 2021-12-07T09:33:03Z Germain92 9488 Alodie Ugirihirwe wikitext text/x-wiki Alodie Ugirihirwe ni umunyarwandakazi utuye [[Nyabihu District|mukarere ka Nyabihu]] Alodie Ugirihirwe akaba ahagarariye ishuri ndincukeke ndetse n' abanza muri ako gace.<ref>https://web.facebook.com/alodie.ugirihirwe?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> == Imirimo == Ugirihirwe Alodie ahagarariye ishuri ryitwa [[Nursultan|Christ the King Nursery]] and Primary School , akaba yaragize igitekerezo cyo kwegereza abana n' ababyeyi iryo shuri bitewe nuko hari hasanzw hari ikicyibazo cyuko nta shuli riri hafi aho muri ako gace nditse bikagora cyane abana b'incuke kujya kwiga kure.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/nyabihu-begerejwe-ishuri-rizagabanya-ingendo-abana-bakoraga</ref> == Bariza Hano == 2n6jq5qrqp68yxzpfy0w4s8y6mxhg27 0 9862 81061 81060 2021-12-07T09:59:30Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki Agnes Uzayisenga ni umunyarwandakazi utuye [[Akarere ka Rusizi|mukarere ka Rusizi]] ahahoze hitwa cyangugu Mumurenge wa bugarama.<ref>https://web.facebook.com/agnes.uzayisenga/about</ref> == Amashuri == Agnes Uzayisenga yize muri univesite nkuru y'Urwanda . ubu akaba ari Rwiyemeza mirimo ukiri mutoya mu [[Rwanda]] == Shakira hano == <references /> {{stub}} 3gc4ejxs5fnlx7hcrsuwi346h9exhi1 0 9863 81069 81068 2021-12-07T11:17:18Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Venantie Mukarivuze''' ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari n'umucuruzi, ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Biopharmacia Co Ltd.<ref>https://data-lead.com/person/name/Mukarivuze+Venantie/id/81017805/v/8b0ce</ref><ref>https://www.zippia.com/kountable-careers-1393010/executives/</ref><ref>https://craft.co/kountable/executives</ref> == Umwuga == Mukarivuze ni umuforomo watojwe akaba umubyeyi wabana batatu. Yakoze mu cyumba cy' ibitaro imyaka itanu arinaho yatangiye kwitegereza ibikoresho ibitaro byabaga byakiriye, rimwe na rimwe akababazwa nuko hari ibikoresho babaza bakabona babazaniye ibintu bidakwiriye,nyuma yaje gutekereza ko hari aho bigomba kunozwa kandi ko ari we ushobora kubikora. <ref name=":0">https://www.kountable.com/success-stories/biopharmacia</ref>Urugendo rwe kuva mubuvuzi kugeza kuri rwiyemezamirimo rwavuye mubyifuzo byo gukorera abarwayi be uko ashoboye no gushaka ibicuruzwa byiza mubuvuzi ashinga sosiyete ye nto.<ref>http://www.hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=6&a=2032</ref> Yabaye rwiyemezamirimo wegukanye ibihembo bitumiza mu mahanga no gukwirakwiza imiti binyuze muri sosiyete ye Biopharmacia, ifite icyicaro i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Biopharmacia yatsinze amasezerano akomeye yo gutanga ibikoresho byubuvuzi mugisirikare cy'u Rwanda ariko ntabwo yashoboye kubona inkunga yo guca icyuho kiri hagati yo kugura ibikoresho no kwakira ubwishyu.<ref>https://www.gfmag.com/magazine/may-2017/trade-finance-app-boosts-rwandan-smes-squeezed-risk</ref> Mukarivuje yagaragaje ibibazo byubukungu bwubucuruzi bwibigo bito nuburyo sosiyete ya Kountable yabigabanya,agirana amasezerano yubufatanye na sosiyete ya Kountable bamugurira ibicuruzwa kandi bamufasha nomuburyo bwo gutanga amasoko yose.<ref name=":0" /> == References == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] h9u209f1fe9cw8jnn46xx9yjwmfxz31 0 9864 81071 81070 2021-12-07T11:20:14Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernadette Umunyana''' ni umunyarwandakazi washinze ikigo kizwi kwizina rya Dokmai Rwanda.<ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/476889048049776419/</ref> Iki kigo kikaba ari ikigo kigenga gikorera mu [[Rwanda]] . cyashinzw mumwaka wa 2014 afatanyije n'umuryangowe, umugabowe ndetse n'umuhungu we. == Amateka == Bernadette Umunyana mbere yuko ashinga iki kigo mu [[Rwanda]], yari atuye muri asia y'amajyefpo (South East Asia) afata umwanzuro wo kuva muri ibyo bihugu ngo aze mu Rwanda ahashinge iki kigo gikora ibijyanye n'uruhu rukomeye (leather) kandi bikozwe n'intoki ndetse bizwi kwizina rya Made in Rwanda<ref>https://itarazen.com/pages/dokmairwanda</ref> == Imirimo ye == Umunyana Bernadette biciye kurubuga rwabo rwa DOKMAI Rwanda batangazako intego ndetse n'imirimo yabo nyamukuru igameje kugaragaza isura nziza ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'urwanda mukugaragaza <ref>https://dokmairwanda.com/about-us/</ref> ibyiza inganda z'abanyarwanda zabasha gukora ndetse bigakurura n'abanyamahanga kureba agaciro ka [[Made in Rwanda]] cyangwa Ibikorerwa mu rwanda == Guhanga ibishya == Bernadette umunyana afatanyije na babiri bo mumuryangowe , bashinze iki kigo cya DOKMAI Rwanda batewe ishema no guteza imbirere ubunzi bw'ibikorwa n'intoki ( handicraft activities) Ndetse bifite ubuziranenge bwo kurwego rwo hejuru ('''high quality leather fashion accessories).''' Ibi bikaba bigamije guteza imbire ibijyanye n'imideri (Fashion) mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/3/30/the-startup-story-of-bernadette-umunyana</ref> == Ubumenyi n'Ubunyamwuga == Aba bashoramari bafite ubumenyi muribi bikurikira ,Handicraft : design, production , marketing of handicraft imigeri ikozwe muri leather, ndetse na mulberry paper. Respecting Fair Trade principles and assuming social responsibility. kwita kubidukikije ndetse n'uburinganire (Respectful to the environment and to gender and youth issues in a nondiscriminator) manner Education: Primary school teacher, moderator, Bafite ubunararibonye muri ( courses for professional development (see CV) Computer skills: MS Word, MS Excel, graphic programs, accounting.<ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/bernadette-umunyana-b9436a98</ref> == Indimi == Kinyarwanda (mother tongue) French (fluent) English (fluent) Swahili (speaking) Lao (basic: speaking) Arabic (basic: speaking) German (basic: reading, speaking) == Umuryango == Bernadette arubatse afite abana 2 ,Mukinyamakuru Jolie Tropisme yatangajeko ibiyanye n'ubwarimu yabikoze kugeza muwa 2014, ariko akaba yari yaratangiye kwihuza n'ibijyanye n'imideri bitewe n'uko uwo bashakanye yakoraga mubihugu bitandukanye byo muri Afurika na Asia kandi bajyana aho hose , ibyo bigatuma amenya byinshi kubijyanye n'imideri. yatangiye ibikorwa bye bijyanye n'imideri muri Burkina Faso aho avugako yahigiye byinshi ndetse birimo no kudoda( batik techniques) hanyuma abasha guhindura ibyo yakoraga mumideri nkamakanzu ,amashati n'imipira . Umunyana kandi ygize uruhare muri porogaramu zimideri muri Ouagadougou.<ref>https://jolitropisme.blog/2019/11/21/this-is-rwanda-bernadette-umunyana-dokmai/</ref> == Bariza Hano == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nh1nhmia97h7mhulfvmibczinesvj1s 0 9865 81075 81074 2021-12-07T12:25:57Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki Phabiola Mukundente ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru wikigo yashinze cyitwa Women TV Studio.<ref name=":0">https://rwanda.dotrust.org/eleven-dotyouth-in-rwanda-who-are-leading-covid-19-community-response-and-resilience-efforts/</ref> == Umwuga == Mukundente yakoze igikorwa gishyigikira abakobwa n'abagore bo mu Rwanda kuba baba abafotozi babigize umwuga,abafata amashusho, abashushanya, hamwe nabatunganya amajwi no gukora videwo.<ref name=":0" /> Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda yamenyekanishije Mukundente nk'umwe mubanyamuryango cumi na babiri bagize itsinda rya kabiri rya gahunda ya #DOTYouth Street Team. Mukundente yabonye inkunga yatanzwe na #DOTYouth Street Team kugirango abone amashuri yo gukoreramo. Atanga amahugurwa agamije guha imbaraga abagore n'abakobwa bo mu Rwanda n’urubyiruko kuba abavuga inkuru bumwuga<ref>https://rwanda.dotrust.org/story/phabiola/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waXmDemV_II</ref> == References == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 3jvdch2e655mc4l80rclt7k5mgbc7ae 0 9866 81082 81081 2021-12-07T16:01:55Z Badelphine 10333 Added category wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odette Kantesi''' ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi, umutubuzi w’imbuto y’ibirayi mu murenge wa Gataraga mu Karere ka Musanze, umuyobozi wa sosiyeti yitwa SE&KA itunganya imbuto zibirayi mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0">https://thebridge.rw/musanze-na-nyabihu-barishimira-imbuto-nshya-zibirayi-kuko-izindi-zitari-zigitanga-umusaruro-uhagije/</ref> == Umwuga == Mu nama yateguwe na AGRA ku bufatanye na TASAI tariki ya17 Nyakanga 2019, haganiriwe ku ishusho igaragaza aho ubutubuzi bw’imbuto nziza buhagaze ndetse n’ibikwiye kunozwa ngo zirusheho kugera ku bahinzi bazikeneye bose kandi zihendutse, Kantesi yishimiye ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ariko avuga ko ibyaba byiza aruko ibipimo byabo byagenda byibanda ku musaruro uva kuri hegitari hatarebwe igihugu muri rusange kuko abona ko hari aho bagiye bagereranya u Rwanda n’ibihugu bifite ubuso bunini cyane.<ref>http://nonaha.com/kigali-haganiriwe-ku-bikwiye-kunozwa-ngo-abahinzi-babone-imbuto-nziza-kandi-zihendutse</ref> Kantesi yagaragaye mu gikorwa cyo kumurika no kwita amazina imbuto nshya y’ibirayi ku bufatanye n’Ikigo k’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB), Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gikora Ubushakashatsi ku buhinzi bw’ibirayi (CIP) n’Umushinga Hinga Weze. <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/musanze-abatubuzi-bimbuto-zibirayi-barishimira-ibyavuye-mu-bushakashatsi/</ref>Avuga ko hari ikibazo cy’imbuto za kera zitari zigitanga umusaruro ukwiye ariko noneho yizeza abantu ko musaruro uziyongera kandi hakaboneka ibirayi biryoshye kubera imbuto nshya.<ref name=":0" /> == References == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4vujrnjajbptrt671zmdtqx198d772z 0 9867 81086 81085 2021-12-07T18:59:51Z Badelphine 10333 Added references title wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aurore Kayitesire''' ni rwiyemezamirimo wo mu Rwanda, washinze Weya Creations Ltd, uruganda rukora imyenda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/irushanwa-rya-bk-urumuri-rihesha-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-igishoro-n-ubumenyi-ryagarutse</ref> == References == eanbf5ms7cfqshmj4vj7wv5l6ndjwa7 0 9868 81092 81089 2021-12-08T07:20:40Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* UMWUGA */ wikitext text/x-wiki Jeannette Rugera ni rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore wo mu [[Rwanda]], Umuyobozi wungirije mu [[Rwanda]] rwo mu karere Rotary International 9150 kuva 2018; iri tsinda yizihiza imyaka irenga 50 ibaye mu [[Rwanda]]. Ni Umuyobozi wa '''Greenwich''' '''Hotel''' '''Ltd''' mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/200884</ref> == UMWUGA == Rugera Jeannette umaze imyaka 3 akorera iyi itsinda  rya Rotary Club yari ayoboye '''Kigali Mont Jali''', imwe  mwistinda arindwi ya Rotary mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umuyobozi-mushya-wa-rotary-club-kigali-mont-jali-yiyemeje-kongera-abatanga</ref> == REBA == c9zw62vn5p42gj24dj3m407iphooman 0 9869 81096 81091 2021-12-09T08:02:40Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Murekezi Uwingabiye''' ni Rwiyemezamirimo wo mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ari nawe washinze '''''AUX''''' Delices Honey Ltd akaba na visi perezida wa gahunda yo kwihangira imirimo muri Afurika mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/the-academy-for-women-entrepreneurs-awe-program-2021/</ref><ref>https://www.africanmanagers.org/all/news/ami-and-rwanda-chamber-of-women-entrepreneurs-partner-to-offer-free-business-skills-to-female-entrepreneurs-in-rwanda/</ref> Madamu Solange Murekezi yavutse kuya 3 /10/1972 akaba ari Rwiyemeza mirimo w umugore wamenyekanye cyane mu Rwanda kubera ibikorwa bye harimo nko kuba yariwe muyobozi wikirenga wa AUX DELICES HONEY LTD kurubu Solange ni umwe mu bagore bagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'abagore muri federasion ya PSF [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/solange-murekezi-395109119</ref> Solange kandi yibanda cyane mu kubyaza umusaruro ubuki no gutunganya ubucuruzi bwe ndetse no kubugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru mu rwanda no mu Karere kibiyaga bigari. == Amashuri yize n'ubumenyi == Madamu Solange yarangije amashuri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] ( ULK ) aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi muby'amategeko. akaba kandi umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi wumuhanga w'umugore ufite diplpme nyinshi zo mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga akagira na seritifika yo kwihangira imirimo no guteza imbere ubucuruzi IFC-Bank yabanyamerika IVLP Alumni nibindi.<ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Aux-Delices-1075083/</ref> == REBA == trqxlkx92f9iclm2gkhlju1a652gmxz 0 9870 82655 82152 2022-04-30T18:59:15Z Germain92 9488 # WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Janet Nkubana == umunyarwandakazi Janet Nkubana akaba numwe mubashinze Gahaya Links afatanyije na mugenziwe Joy Ndungutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nibwo igitekerezo cyo kwiteza imbere nk'umugore cyaje afata umwanzuro wo gushinga coperative yiswe Gahaya links akaba ari coperative yaje iboha uduseke muburyo bugezweho ndetse no kudushushanyaho<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana</ref> no kudushyira kumasoko mpuza mahanga. == Iterambere (empowement) == Kurubu Gahaya Links ibarirwamo abagore baboha uduseke kandi batunzwe natwo basaga ibihumbi bine 4000<ref>https://web.facebook.com/193457437873654/posts/joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubanathis-is-a-story-of-two-inspiring-rwanda-women-joy-ndu/296931174192946/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> kuva nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] abagore bazamuye ubuhanga bwabo mu kuboha uduseke twiza tugezweho babifashijwemo na Janet Nkubana umuyobozi wa Gahaya links<ref>https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/janet-nkubana</ref> afatanyije na mugenziwe Joy Ndungutse bateje imbere icuruzwa ry'uduseke mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no mu mahanga. bafatanyije nka Macy's Walmat, Oprah Magazine, Anthropologie, crate and Barrel na Kte spade.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana</ref> akaba ari igikorwa kindashyikirwa Janet Nkubana yagejeje ku bari nabategarugore bo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kuko byabafashije mu kwiteza imbere bibumbiye mu ma koperative mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hose == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Janet Nkubana umuyobozi wa Gahaya Links indetse na mugenziwe Joy ndungutse bavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] bakuria mu inkambi y'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cya [[Ubugande|Uganda.]] kubera ibibazo bya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocde]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://folkartmarket.org/artist/janet-nkubana/</ref> == Ubukungu n'iterambere == Madamu janet Nkubana ni umwe mu badamu bafitiye igihugu akamaro mu iterambere ry'abagore muri rusange<ref>https://www.povertycure.org/learn/media/janet-nkubana-building-business-rwanda</ref> kuko coperative yashinze ariyo Gahaya links yogutunganya uduseke muburyo bugezweho ikoramo abagore basaga 400 mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bikaba byarabakuye mubukene no gusabiriza bakabasha kwigurira bimwe mu bikenerwa bya burimunsi utu duseke kandi twoherezwa hanze yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bikabagirira akamaro<ref>https://www.startupgrind.com/events/details/startup-grind-kigali-presents-sgwomen-self-as-source-of-strength-with-janet-nkubanagahaya-links/</ref> == Bariza hano == s89kb7tkil2skr4w9uzl87fnhh99ldv 0 9871 83370 82137 2022-05-12T09:21:48Z Germain92 9488 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Eugenie Mushimiyimana == Madamu Eugenie ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umugore ufite imiturirwa isaga itatu (3) mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] harimo numwe uzwi cyane nka M&M PLAZA ugizwe namagorofa 7 uherereye ku gishushu.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/mot/ubukungu</ref> Eugenie kandi ni Visi perezida wishyirahamwe ury'igenga (PSF)<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda.]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/229336</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Eugenie yavukiye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]] ahitwa i Bweramana akaba ari umu divantisite usenga kumunsi wa 7 akaba yari afite se witabye Imana witwaga Ndinkabandi akaba yari umushumba witorero ry'Abadintantisite na Nyina witwa Mukarusanga Madellene akaba ari nawe asigaranye. Eugenie kandi uvuga ko ibyo yagezeho abikesha umubyeyiwe mama we kuko nawe yari umukozi wibanda cyane kubuhinzi. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> Eugenie kandi yatangiye acuruza imyaka yajyaga kurangura ahitwa [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera|Ikabuga]] no Kumayaga. == Agashya == Eugenie avugako Nyina umubyara umubyara ariwe wa muteye imbaraga zo gukora cyane kuko yamwigiyeho byinshi nko kumutuma,kumufasha ndetse no kumusigariraho mubyo yakoraga bikamutera imbaraga zo gukora cyane avugako ari naryo pfundo ry'ubukungu bwe kurubu. mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/umunyemari-watorewe-kuyobora-psf-yahize-kubaka-ahazajya-habera-imurikagurisha</ref> Eugenie kandi yize ubwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye nyuma aza kuyahagarika arashyingirwa. == Ibyamugoye == Madamu Eugenie avugako byamugoye nyuma yo kubura byose yari yaragezeho mbere ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] ya korewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no kubura umugabo bari barashakanye gusa ntago yacitse intege yakomeje gukorana na Nyina umubyara kugeza ubwo bicaraga bagahiga ibyo bagomba kugeraho buri myaka 2. kuva mu mwaka wi 1998 kugeza muri 2005 bafite ibyo bagiye bageraho mumihigo bari bariyemeje yaburi myaka ibiri mu muryango ari naho bahereye bagura ibibanza [[Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> == Inama za Eugenie (empowerment) == uyu mugore ufite ubutunzi butari bucye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kandi uzwiho kwicisha bugufi kubamugana bose avuga ko ubutunze afite kugeza ubu atari ibintu byamugwiririye kuko kuva kera yahoraga irhande rwa nyina umubyara amufasha gucuruza kuko nawe yakoraga [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] buciriritse ni umwe mu bagore bafite ubutunzi ndetse n'inyubako zakataraboneka mu [[Rwanda]] arinako agira inama abagore ndetse nabandi muri rusange mwibanga yakoresheje kugirango abe ageze aho ageze agira ati nukwigwa gukoresha amafaranga yose ubonye ndetse no kugira gahunda mubyo ukora byose kuko biri muntwaro avuga ko yakoresheje mwiterambere rye mu [[Rwanda]] kugirango agere aho ageze ubu.<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/mushimiyimana-umugore-wiyubakiye-imiturirwa-irimo-n-ufite-amagorofa-arindwi</ref> == Imvune yahuye nazo == Madamu Mushimiyimana Eugenie yagize ibyago abura umugabo akiri muto ubwo yari afite imyaka 27 gusa. byaramubabaje gusantago byatumye acika intege nubwo yari asigaranye inshingano zikomeye wenyine zo kwita kubana yari amusigiye ndetse nizindi nshingano.ahubwo byatumye akora cyane kurushaho kugirango abashe kusa ikivicya nyakwigendera yarakoze kugeza ubwo ari umwe mubagore bafatwa nk'ikitegererezo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] biteje imbere kuko ari umwe mubagore bafite imwe mumiturirwa [[Kigali|i Kigali]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/94462/yabuze-umugabo-akiri-muto-ubuzima-buramusharirira-ariko-ubu-afite-umuturirwa-wagaciro-kari-94462.html</ref> == Reba == ec7y5nqekat697pgj81z7dyoivcj42e 0 9872 81106 2021-12-09T16:51:36Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 Claudine KABAGENI wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudine KABAGENI''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakaz]]<nowiki/>i ufite uruganda akoranamo na bagenzi be bafite umushinga wo gutunganya urusenda rwitwa [https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971 pilipili Mbuzi (farming project)] ruba Musenyi mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971</ref> Claudine we na bagenzi be bakaba bari gutegura ishami rindi ku Ruyenzi mu karere ka Kamonyi bakora urusenda rufite ubuziranenge ruri kugiciro kibereye buri wese. <ref>https://agriprofocus.com/profile/kabageni.claudine.35971</ref> 44unhsdfwofhoz63ufnpukt2rkc0f26 0 9873 81107 2021-12-09T17:28:07Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 NADEGE BENIMANA wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadege Benimana''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]], ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Nadole House yatwaye igihembo cyumugore wagize umushinga mwiza mumwaka wa 2020<ref>https://ieew.org/2020/08/nadege-benimana-guljan-samar-receive-the-2020-enterprising-women-of-the-year-award/</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Nadege yavukiye mu burundi aza mu Rwanda hamwe nu muryango we 1994, ni umwana wa 5 mubana 6. ni umubyeyi wabana babiri babahungu.<ref>https://ieew.org/2020/08/nadege-benimana-guljan-samar-receive-the-2020-enterprising-women-of-the-year-award/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Nadege yarangije amashuri yicyiciro cyakabiri cya kaminuza mubijyanye no guteza imbere ubuzima bwa Rubanda.<ref>https://ieew.org/2020/08/nadege-benimana-guljan-samar-receive-the-2020-enterprising-women-of-the-year-award/</ref> t6qy0nw7l4z0n6wka50kp4031gsng7v 0 9874 81239 81121 2021-12-13T14:47:24Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liliane Uwukuri''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi,]] ni umuyobozi washinze Ivuriro Kira mu mwaka wa 2012.<ref>http://www.btdavidclinic.rw/about-us/</ref> ryakuze rikaba ivuririo rinini ryitwa Benefactor David Clinic. == Liliane ni muntu ki? == Liliane ni umuforomokazi uterwa umuhate nibyo abanyarwanda bakeneye, cyane cyane mu gace kicyaro akita kumibereho yabyo.<ref>http://www.btdavidclinic.rw/about-us/</ref> == Umwuga == Liliane yatangiye muri 2012 ivuriro rito kira, nyuma yimyaka ine muri 2016, ivuriro kira ryarakuze rivamo ivuriro rinini ryitwa [http://www.btdavidclinic.rw/about-us/ Benefactor David Clinic]. Ivuriro Benefactor David Clinic riba Nyamata, Bugesera, Eastern Province, Rwanda. ryita kubuzima bwabantu bari mukiciro cyo hasi no hagati mumibereho mugice cyicaro.<ref>http://www.btdavidclinic.rw/about-us/</ref> 7vcmwh9unrrjms47pyhlgulgme2coku 0 9875 81110 81109 2021-12-10T05:58:07Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki Joy numuyobozi mukuru nuwashinze Gahaya Links. Joy Ndungutse wavukiye mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba, yamaze ubuzima bwe ndetse n’imyaka akuze akiri mu buhungiro kubera umutekano muke mu gihugu cye. Yakuriye mu nkambi y'impunzi muri Uganda, ahora ahura n'ingorane zikomeye abagore bihanganiye kwihangana no kwishyira mu mwanya wabo.<ref>https://www.akilahinstitute.org/team-members/joy-ndungutse-1</ref><ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana</ref><ref>http://nfnv.rw/views/joy.php</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202007280595.html</ref> == Umwuga == Bitewe no kwifuza, icyifuzo cya Ndungutse cyo guharanira iterambere ry’umugore cyahinduwe muri gahunda yo kuboha ubwo yasubiraga mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside. Mugihe yakoraga hoteri nububiko bwa mbere bwibikoresho byo mu gihugu, yahuguye abagore baho mucyaro kandi ategura ibiseke, bigezweho muburyo ndetse no muburyo,<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202007280595.html</ref> abo bagore bashoboraga gukora bakoresheje ubuhanga nubuhanga gakondo. Mbere yuko abimenya, Ndungutse yari atangiye urugendo rurerure ruzabyara Gahaya Links.<ref>http://nfnv.rw/views/joy.php</ref> Uyu munsi, Ndungutse ni umubyeyi urera abana batatu, utuye Kigali. Ni Visi-Perezida / Umuyobozi w’igihugu Isura Nshya Ijwi Rishya Rwanda Umutwe, Umunyamuryango washinze Alliance for Artisan Enterprises akaba Umujyanama wumukobwa Hub Rwanda.[https://www.akilahinstitute.org/team-members/joy-ndungutse-1][https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana] == REBA == e9fm671mqceza8u2gqtgy3mgh1f881i 0 9876 81113 81112 2021-12-10T06:26:56Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* REBA */ wikitext text/x-wiki Christelle Kwizera nurubyiruko afite imyaka 25, ni injeniyeri yubukanishi mu  [[Rwanda]] na rwiyemezamirimo.[https://www.vitalvoices.org/people/christelle-kwizera/] == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2014, Christelle yashinze '''Water''' Access [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.vitalvoices.org/people/christelle-kwizera/</ref>Kwizera ni '''CFO''' y'abayobozi bakizamuka hamwe na ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu [[Rwanda]], urubuga rwo guhanga udushya mu rubyiruko, guhanga no kwihangira imirimo bashaka gushishikariza no gushishikariza urubyiruko,<ref>https://resolutionproject.org/fellows/christelle-kwizera/</ref> kubishakira ibisubizo bishya, ndetse no gutanga ubuvugizi ku bigo bya leta bireba. Kwizera yabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa bya Isaro Foundation<ref>https://www.pmi.org/future-50/2021-honorees/christelle-kwizera</ref> == Ibihembo yatsindiye == christelle yatsindiye ibihembo by’imishinga itanga imibereho itanga ibisubizo byihariye mu bijyanye no gukusanya, gukwirakwiza no kweza amazi. Uruganda rwahaye amazi abanyarwanda barenga 100.000 binyuze mumurongo wa boreho 95 na INUMA ™ micro isukuye amazi meza.[https://www.vitalvoices.org/people/christelle-kwizera/] Umwamikazi Elizabeth wa II w’Ubwongereza, ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 30 Nyakanga 2014 yahaye rwiyemezamirimo w’amazi meza yo mu [[Rwanda]] Christelle Kwizera na Commonwealth Point of Light, <ref>https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/christelle-kwizera-cisco-youth-leadership-win-2020/</ref>ishimwe ryahawe abakorerabushake b’indashyikirwa, umurimo wabo ugira icyo uhindura mu baturage babo kandi inkuru ikaba ishobora gutera abandi inkunga guhanga udushya twibisubizo kubibazo byimibereho mumiryango yabo ndetse no hanze yacyo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/queen-elizabeth-awards-rwandan-entrepreneur</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == j5isj3gwvd4lzt4dw4l1c0nqjuvprpb 0 9877 81115 81114 2021-12-10T06:45:17Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Rwiyemezamirimo */ wikitext text/x-wiki Linda Mukangoga ni rwiyemeza mirimo wumunyarwankazi  niwe washinze haute | baso mu Rwanda, arimo gukora ibicuruzwa bigezweho bishimira ubukorikori bwabanyabukorikori baho ndetse n’akarere baturutse mu gihugu cye. Ibisubizo ni imbaraga, imbaraga, kandi nziza cyane.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2015/10/4/the-startup-story-of-linda-mukangoga-and-candy-basomingera</ref> == Rwiyemezamirimo == Linda ari mubashinze haute | baso yavutse ashingiye ku gitekerezo kivuga ngo "imitwe ibiri iruta imwe"<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/15/meet-20-women-entrepreneurs-who-are-spearheading-a-new-entrepreneurial-spirit-in-rwanda</ref>. Turi abasore babiri b'abakobwa b'Abanyarwanda bashushanya imyizerere imwe ku mbaraga z'abanyabukorikori badasanzwe kandi bafite impano.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2015/10/4/the-startup-story-of-linda-mukangoga-and-candy-basomingera</ref> haute | baso ikura imbaraga zayo mu mateka y’u Rwanda kandi afite umuco, mu gihe wongeyeho gukoraho. Ibishushanyo byacu bihuza ubuhanga butandukanye bwabanyabukorikori, ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo guhanga ibyara ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bigurishwa.<ref>http://www.kigalimomsanddads.com/activitiesguide/women-entrepreneurs-in-kigali</ref> == Ibindi wareba == Iduka rya Linda [http://www.hautebaso.com/] == Aho byakuwe == <references /> ecbn4jplcuixp43kptp74gqzhiss9xx 0 9878 81174 81166 2021-12-10T18:08:47Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Umwuga */ wikitext text/x-wiki Lydia Hakizimana numunyarwanda kazi akaba rwiyemezamirimo i Kigali, mu Rwanda.<ref>https://soundcloud.com/margaret-hirsch-782691831/lydia-hakizimana-starting-her-own-montessori-school-in-kigali-rwanda</ref> == Umwuga == Lydie ni Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo nyafurika gishinzwe ubumenyi bw'imibare (AIMS). Niwe kandi washinze Drakkar Ltd, ikigo cy’ibitabo byigisha uburezi mu Rwanda, Lydie afite uburambe bwimyaka 10 mu gukora no gukwirakwiza ibitabo. Binyuze mu mirimo ye i Drakkar, Lydie yahinduye kandi asohora imitwe 16 ya [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] kandi atanga ibitabo birenga miliyoni.<ref>https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa</ref> Ibitabo bya Drakkar byahawe amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye 3.800, agera ku bana miliyoni eshatu mu Rwanda. Yashinze kandi Happy Hearts Preschools muri 2015 kugirango itange uburezi bufite ireme kuri bose. Ubu umuyoboro wihuta cyane wigenga ryibanze ryibanze mu [[Rwanda]],<ref>https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa</ref> == Rwiyemezamirimo == Lydie Hakizimana ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi wa '''Drakkar''' Limited, ucuruza kandi akanatanga ibitabo by’uburezi mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuri Lydie, byose byatangiye mu 2006 ubwo ishyaka rye ryo gusoma ryatumaga afungura iduka rito ryibitabo.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/15/meet-20-women-entrepreneurs-who-are-spearheading-a-new-entrepreneurial-spirit-in-rwanda</ref> Bidatinze, ibyifuzo bye byo kwihangira imirimo byatumye agirana umubano n’amasosiyete menshi yandika, amaherezo agirana amasezerano n’umubwiriza wo mu Bwongereza, Pearson '''Education'''. <ref>http://en.igihe.com/</ref>Drakkar yahise ahinduka umucuruzi ucuruza ibitabo byuburezi mu [[Rwanda]], aba intangarugero mu cyerekezo cy’igihugu cye cyo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Uyu munsi, Lydie ayobora abakozi 45 nabagabuzi b'igihe gito.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-lydie-hakizimana</ref> == Amateka == Lydia  numugabo we bashakaga ishuri ryumuhungu wabo ntibashobora kubona ishuri bifuzagako umuhungu umuhungu wabo yabo yakwigamo . Bahisemo rero gufungura ishuri ryabo rya Montessori kugirango bigishe umuhungu wabo, nabandi bana kwiga kwikorera ibintu ubwabo.<ref>https://soundcloud.com/margaret-hirsch-782691831/lydia-hakizimana-starting-her-own-montessori-school-in-kigali-rwanda</ref> == Ibihembo == Madamu Lydie Hakizimana yahawe igihembo na Meya wa '''Paris''', Anne Hidalgo, muri Kongere ya 41 y’abayobozi b’aba Francophone yateguwe n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’abayobozi b’aba Francophone (AIMF) i Kigali, mu Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 kugeza ku ya 21 Nyakanga 2021.<ref>https://aims-cameroon.org/2021/07/23/aims-global-ceo-ms-lydie-hakizimana-wins-francophone-woman-of-the-year-award/</ref> == Reba Kandi == AIMS Latest News<ref>Carine-Zoe Umutoni</ref> == Aho byakuwe == <references /> l6m60m1cngohho2d4fzoal34klo3zz7 0 9879 81229 81118 2021-12-12T18:37:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059961624|Draft:Beatrice Bamurange]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Bamurange''' [[Rwanda|numugore w'umunyarwanda]] washinze akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishuri ahitwa Rise to Shine School mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.kurumbuka.org/our-work/realizing-dreams</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi == Beatrice yavukiye mu [[Burundi]]<ref>https://thewellspringfoundation.org/stories/rise-to-shine/</ref> ,nyuma yaje kugaruka mu [[Rwanda]] avuye mu [[Burundi]]. yifuje gufungura ikigo cy'amashuri maze aza kujya mu mudugudu wa Rusheshe, umurenge wa Masaka mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|karere ka Kicukiro]], mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] ,mu [[Rwanda]], ahasanga abantu bakomeza gukora cyane kugira ngo babone ejo hazaza heza h'abana babo kuko Aba Bana ntibari bafite uburezi bufite ireme. kandi benshi muribo bavaga munzu zasenyutse hamwe nababyeyi batarangije amashuri yabo, kandi ntibasobanukirwe nagaciro k'uburere kumwana wabo<ref>https://thewellspringfoundation.org/stories/rise-to-shine/</ref>. abona imbaraga zo guhagarara kuri abo bana mugihe atazi aho bahera, Beatrice yari azi ko umuhamagaro kumutima we waturutse ku Mana. yasanze hari icyo agomba gukora kugirango atange ibyiringiro kubana bo muri uwo mudugudu, nuko ahatangira ishuri ryitwa Rise to Shine<ref>https://thewellspringfoundation.org/stories/rise-to-shine/</ref>, abanza kujya abigishiriza munsi y'igiti, iki kigo gitanga amasomo kubantu bose bashaka kujyamo, abana benshi batangira kwinjiramo. Muri 2011 bimuye ishuri munzu nto, bizeye ko bazakira abanyeshuri babo bose bashya. ariko icyifuzo cy'ishuri cyarenze inzu nto y'ibyumba bibiri maze abagabanyamo kabiri. aho abana ba Nursery bazaga mugitondo nuko Primaire ikaza nyuma ya saa sita<ref>https://thewellspringfoundation.org/stories/rise-to-shine/</ref>. Muri 2014, binyuze mu gukorana n’abaturage bakusanyije inkunga yo kugura isambu y’ishuri no kubaka ibyumba bishya by’ishuri<ref>http://www.risetoshine.rw/about.html</ref>. Muri 2015,inshuti ye yamuhuje na Wellspring's Abundant Leadership Institute (ALI) maze baramufasha<ref>https://thewellspringfoundation.org/stories/rise-to-shine/</ref>. nuko Beatrice atangira kuyobora ishuri nkumuyobozi . Afite ubuhanga bwo gukorera no kuyobora abandi neza akoresha tekinike yize binyuze muri ALI. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] qu7xwu9qx6ji5u7yo7ew9xcnb1dt89z 0 9880 81120 2021-12-10T07:42:23Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article of Chantal Nyirandama wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chantal Nyirandama''' ni umunyarwandakazi, umwe mu banyamuryango akaba n'umucuruzi ucunga ikigo cya Nice Garden Training Center.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/first-lady-jeannette-kagame-makes-case-rwandan-businesswomen</ref> 9a43ue69m2q4j7xl29km3ygge0mhhot 0 9881 81123 2021-12-10T08:36:26Z Badelphine 10333 Francoise Mukagihana wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francoise Mukagihana''' ni rwiyemezamirimo wumunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi wa Rwandan Art, Craft & Beyond.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/221015</ref><ref>http://communicationbridges.blogspot.com/2010/06/i-met-francoise-mukagihana-from-rwanda.html</ref> ainp7nsb8loum9apw3jujrz3pyg10i8 0 9882 81173 81131 2021-12-10T18:05:57Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Natacha Nduwimana ni Rwiyemeza mirimo Mu Rwanda umuyobozi akaba Nuwanshinze  Burundi Innovation Hub (Bihub) imaze icyumweru mu bikorwa byo kwigisha 'coding' mu bana ku mashuri y'i Bujumbura, Gitega na Ngozi.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/15/meet-20-women-entrepreneurs-who-are-spearheading-a-new-entrepreneurial-spirit-in-rwanda</ref> == Umwuga == Umunyarwandakazi Rwiyemezamirimo  Natacha Nduwimana afite ijisho rirambuye ku buryo burambuye no gusobanukirwa byimazeyo imbaraga zo kwerekana ibicuruzwa binyuze mu bikorwa, atanga ubunararibonye kandi bufite ireme mu bihugu akoreramo.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/2/24/the-startup-story-of-natacha-nduwimana</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi == Rwiyemeza Mirimo Ntacha yakunze guhura nibibazo byubucuruzi kandi buri gihe yagiye agira ba rwiyemezamirimo kuva akiri ingimbi. yakoraga muri societe yinguzanyo muri Canada yagize uruhare mukwandika inguzanyo, gusesengura amakuru no gukusanya inguzanyo kumasosiyete manini atandukanye yo muri Kanada. Igihe rero nagarutse mu Burundi mfite ubwo bunararibonye ngakorera imwe muri banki zikomeye muri Kanada, intego yiwe  yari iyo gutangiza umuryango nk'uwo. Ariko, naje kumenya ko ishyaka ryanjye ryashize ahandi kandi muri 2014 Jelim yavutse mbonye icyuho mu micungire ya Marketing na Event mu Burundi maze mfungura ishami mu Rwanda mu 2015. Ryabaye urugendo rutoroshye ariko rushimishije.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/2/24/the-startup-story-of-natacha-nduwimana</ref><ref>https://www.bihub-burundi.org/home/latest-blog-posts/</ref> == Inama agira ba Rwiyemeza Mirimo == yizera ko nta gihe cyiza cyigeze kibaho muri rwiyemezamirimo muri Afurika, cyane cyane ku bagore, kuruta ubu. Abantu muri rusange bagwa mumatsinda atatu: bake bakora ibintu, benshi bareba ibintu bibaho, nabenshi mubantu badafite imyumvire yibibaho. Umuntu wese ni umuremyi wukuri cyangwa ikiremwa cyibihe. Bashobora gushyira ibara mubidukikije, cyangwa, nka chameleone, bafata ibara mubidukikije. Igice gikomeye murugendo rwawe rwo kwihangira imirimo nukugira ubutwari bwo gutangira no kuguma murugendo rwawe. Fata ubutwari umenye icyo ushaka, ujye kubishaka. <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2020/9/2/entrepreneur-advice-from-natacha-nduwimana-natacha-nduwimana</ref>Hindura amabara yawe kandi utekereze kubibazo uhura nabyo muri societe hanyuma uzabishakire ibisubizo, mugihe winjiza. Rwose bizakomera kandi uzageragezwa kureka inshuro nyinshi ariko ntucike intege. Ikibazo kinini ntabwo ari uko watsinzwe, ni ukuguma aho kandi ugahura nurugendo rwawe rugana ku cyerekezo cyawe. Ubwanyuma, shaka umujyanama niba <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/2/24/the-startup-story-of-natacha-nduwimana</ref>udafite. == Aho Byakuwe == lulvzl7p9qy5dge2qiuyytqbybj9gst 0 9883 81128 2021-12-10T09:03:40Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article of Honorine Mugorewase wikitext text/x-wiki '''Honorine Mugorewase''' ni rwiremezamirimo wumunyarwabda akaba afite sosiyete yigenga mu Rwanda yitwa MNR EAST AFRICA.Iyo sosiyete ayibereye umuyiobozi mukuru, ikaba yarashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012 hagamijwe gutanga ibikoresho bya Laboratoire, imiti n’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga.<ref>https://www.omnia-health.com/dealer-distributor/mnr-east-africa-ltd</ref> agiwsr80ipceki8bkwvjh02j1skokmb 0 9884 83585 82276 2022-05-14T19:10:42Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nirwiyemeza Mirimo akaba arino mubashinze Right seat <ref>https://rightseat.rw/</ref> == Umwuga == Denise Umunyana yabonye amahirwe hanyuma nymayayo ashiramubikorwa ibyoyayakuyemo ; afite uburambe nubushake buhagije akaba  afie MBA mu micungire y’abakozi, kumyaka ye imyaka 36 y'amavuko yafatanije na Right Seat Ltd, isosiyete icunga imfashanyo ibafasha kongera ibikorwa byabo mu bucuruzi binyuze mu micungire y’abakozi. Umunyana akaba yaganiriye na Women Today's Donah Mbabazi kubyerekeye umurongo w'akazi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/featured-right-seat-offers-pro-bono-hr-solutions-companies-affected-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/216373</ref> == Ibyo akunda == Denise yavuzeko mumirimo ye akunda Human resources Magemenrt anavugako Umudendezo afite ubu guhitamo uburyo bwo kuringaniza ubuzima bwe  nakazi. Uburyo bwebwo kurema ubu burakangutse, aziko  kwa shobora gusama no kugerageza ibitekerezo byiwe , kandi nibyiza niba bidakozwe aba arimo gukora ibyo nkunda.[https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/12/the-startup-story-of-denise-umunyana-and-celine-uwineza] == Ibindi Wareba == Ibyo right seat Ikora [https://rightseat.rw/about] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] tlibotoni0ogp6jvtlyq90zhpqe8kgt 0 9885 81134 81133 2021-12-10T09:30:22Z Badelphine 10333 added conntents wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frida Umurerwa''' ni umunyarwanda akaba rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore wo muri Pan African (Pan Africanist woman entrepreneur ) ufite ishyaka ryo kuzamura no kubona isura nshya ya Afrika. Afite ikigo cyitwa Morija Supply Ltd. Yavukiye mu Rwanda ariko akurira i Burayi, yagarutse ku Mugabane mu myaka 15 ishize ashimishijwe no gushyira amaboko ye mu bikorwa by'iterambere, mbere nambere yabanje gukorera muri Afurika y'Epfo, nyuma mu Burundi ari nako akorana na bimwe mu bihugu bya EAC ubu no mu Rwanda.<ref>https://kasha.rw/blog/frida-umurerwa/</ref><ref>https://activity.alibaba.com/supplier/efounders-fellow-class-5-frida-umurerwa.html</ref> 7vs04a0ct2g7umwc6tyxztk1faqe23q 0 9886 81137 2021-12-10T09:51:37Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article of Algnes Mukashyaka wikitext text/x-wiki Agnes Mukashyaka ni umunyarwakazi washinze Izere Mubyeyi Center yabaye igisubizo ku babyeyi bafite abana bafite ubumuga. .<ref>http://www.izeremubyeyi.org.rw/events/amakuru/</ref> 99njg5d9viae9efg2hkgpc6fnj2vq5r 0 9887 81198 81195 2021-12-11T13:50:08Z Badelphine 10333 added awards wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaudence Mushimiyimana''' ni umutegarugori wumunyarwandakazi ufite ubumuga akaba ari nawe washinze murwanda Ishyirahamwe ry’Abagore bafite ubumuga ryitwa UNABU(Rwanda Organization of Women with Disabilities) akaba ari n'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa.<ref>https://www.paper-crown.org/blog/2021/8/12/gender-disability-and-covid-19-in-rwanda</ref><ref>https://disabilityrightsfund.org/our-impact/our-stories-of-change/voicing-out/</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208700</ref> == ^Umwuga == Akorera ubuvugizi abari n'abategarugori bafite ubumuga byongeye kandi arabafasha kandi akanabashyigikira.<ref>https://integonews.com/rutsiro-abakobwa-bafite-ubumuga-baravuga-ko-bahatirwa-kuboneza-urubyaro/</ref> Binyuze muri UNABU, Mushimiyimana agaragaza ko abagore n’abakobwa bafite ubumuga, bahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye kandi bibasirwa nihohoterwa bishingiye ku kuba ari abagore bari hirya no hino mu gihugu noneho hakiyongeraho n’ubumuga.<ref name=":1">https://imvahonshya.co.rw/unabu-yasabye-ko-abafite-ubumuga-batafatirwa-ibyemezo/</ref><ref>https://untf.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2020/04/rwanda-unabu-prioritizing-grassroots-organizations-to-protect-the-most-marginalized-women</ref> Umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w’umuryango nyarwanda w’abagore bafite ubumuga (UNAB), Mushimiyimana Gaudence, avuga ko hari icyuho mu mategeko ajyanye n’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe gikwiye kuvaho, kugira ngo ufite ubwo bumuga ahabwe uburenganzira busesuye nk’abandi ndetse n’ihohoterwa ribakorerwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ibi nanone yabigarutseho tariki ya 24 Ugushyingo 2021 mu nama yateraniye mu Mujyi wa Kigali ihuza imiryango itandukanye iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu by’umwihariko abafite ubumuga, abanyamategeko, Minisiteri y’Ubutabera (MINIJUST) ndetse n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ubuzima (RBC).Ibibazo byagarutsweho muri iyo nama byatumye abagore bafite ubumuga bavugwaho by’umwihariko bishingira ku kuba ari abagore ariko noneho hakiyongeraho kuba bafite ubumuga. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/umuryango-unab-urifuza-ko-amategeko-agenga-abafite-ubumuga-avugururwa</ref> Mushimiyimana abona ko igikwiye gukorwa mu gushyigikira abo bagora aruki guverinoma ikwiye gukurikiza amategeko arengera abagore kugirango yereke abakibayeho mubuzima bwu bwoba no nabakiri hasi hasi cyane ko bashyigikwe.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://commonwealthdpf.org/executive-committee/</ref> Itegeko Nshinga, ingingo ya 21 ivuga ko buri Munyarwanda wese afite uburenganzira ku kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ingingo ya 16 mu Itegeko Nshinga ivuga ku kurinda ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rigaragaza ko Abanyawanda bose bangana imbere y’amategeko, ukorera ivangura ufite ubumuga abihanirwa n’amategeko.<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imbogamizi-abatumva-n-abatavuga-bahura-na-zo-iyo-bahohotewe</ref> == Inkunga == Kuva UNABU  yashingwa, UNTF EVAW yashyize imbere gushyigikira amashyirahamwe y'abagore. Muri 2014, yatangije icyiciro cyihariye cy’inkunga igenera iyo miryango. Muri 2018, itanga ikindi icyiciro cyihariye cyo guhagarika ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abakobwa bafite ubumuga UNABU yabonyemo inkunga.<ref>https://untf.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2020/04/rwanda-unabu-prioritizing-grassroots-organizations-to-protect-the-most-marginalized-women</ref> Ambasaderi wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu Rwanda yahembye inashimira Mushimiyimana  nkumwe mubanyarwandakazi bane b’indashyikirwa kandi bagira umurava bagakora itandukaniro muri sosiyete babamo.<ref>https://inkanga.com/ambasaderi-wa-leta-zunze-ubumwe-zamerika-mu-rwanda-yahembye-abanyarwandakazi-bane-bindashyikirwa/</ref> == References == [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] 0zwmlbabtdd9yfgltdb2zhvj01j72gk 0 9888 81172 81170 2021-12-10T18:00:30Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Carine Zoe Umutoni Numunyarwandkazi wishimye Kuba mubarwiyemezamirimo Mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2020/7/29/entrepreneur-advice-from-carine-zoe-umutoni</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi == Gutangira umushinga we  byahoze ari inzozi ziwe kuva mfite imyaka 12. Ariko kubera ababyeyi biwe bombi bize cyane, nashidikanyaga buri gihe kumenya niba urugendo rwo kwihangira imirimo aricyo kintu cyiza cyo gutangira. Byabaye urugendo rwo kutamenya icyo ugomba gutegereza. Yara  nzi ko ingorane zirimo. Kutabona amafaranga byari inzitizi. Ariko akeka ko imyifatire yiwe  yamye ari nziza,<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2020/7/29/entrepreneur-advice-from-carine-zoe-umutoni</ref> kugirango menye ko hamwe n'Imana byose bishoboka. Noneho, yahisemo kwizera ibyo akora nkumusanzu wiwe kuriyi si. Gukoresha impano zabo nikintu cyiza umuntu wese ashobora kubona. Mbega urugendo rutangaje rwabaye kugeza ubu, kandi ruracyagaragara kuko araacyafite urugendo rurerure rwo gufata, hamwe ninzozi nini zo gusohora munzira.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/5/the-startup-story-of-carine-zoe-umutoni</ref> Nyuma yo kumara imyaka umunani muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo, yahisemo gusubira murugo agashinga uruganda rwe bwite akagira uruhare mumuryango we U [[Rwanda]] ruteza imbere ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato kwihangira imirimo kandi ndizera ko iki aricyo gihe cyabo nkabanyafrika kwihangira imirimo. Igihe kirageze ngo Afurika!<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/5/the-startup-story-of-carine-zoe-umutoni</ref> == REBA == agkwite1j3gn6g5bed6a7ziyf9ocf0b 0 9889 81192 81182 2021-12-11T13:35:23Z Badelphine 10333 Added contents wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nuriat Kaka''' ni rwiyemezamirimo washinze ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION PEACE THROUTH BUSINESS RWANDA.<ref>https://web.facebook.com/IEEW.PTB/photos/nuriat-kaka-outstanding-alumna-rwandathe-outstanding-alumna-rwanda-award-went-to/6491666870847185/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref><ref>https://okcfriday.com/organization-celebrates-years-of-helping-women-p16311-229.htm</ref> == Umwuga == Kaka ni rwiyemezamirimo windashyikirwa mu Rwanda. yatangije isosiyete yitwa Rwanda Chic - umurima worora inkoko kuva ziva ku isoko. Mu Rwanda umuryango w’ubucuruzi w’abagore benshi, Nuriat afatwa nkumujyanama numuyobozi witsinda. Umujyanama ushakishwa, Nuriat atoza abandi gutangira no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwabo. Ishyaka rye risanzwe rimufasha guhuza abantu vuba no kubagira ingaruka mubikorwa.<ref name=":0">https://ieew.org/2021/08/15th-anniversary-awards-presentation/</ref> == Ibihembo == Mukwezi kwa Nyakanga 2021, Nuriat Kaka yahawe igihembo cyiza cya Alumna Rwanda agihererwa mu Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == References == [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] jjiyekfzav4ok1bs2oakwm6zj4brn9a 0 9890 81171 81169 2021-12-10T17:59:57Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Amavu n'amavuko */ wikitext text/x-wiki Teta Isibo Numunyarwandakazi akaba rwiyemeza mirimo ,Teta akaba ashinzwe Creative force  inyuma ya Inzuki Designs, nkumukobwa ukirmuto wubatse izina murwanda. kabuhariwe mu mitako, ibikoresho ndetse no gutaka imbere. Ibiremwa bya Teta bikozwe n'intoki ukoresheje ubuhanga bwubukorikori hamwe nibikoresho - akorana namakoperative menshi yabategarugori yo gukora ibice byiza.<ref>https://leadingladiesafrica.org/never-stifle-your-dreams-and-aspirations-teta-isibo-teta-isibo-founder-of-inzuki-designs-is-reinventing-traditional-crafts-in-rwanda/</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe nakazi == Teta Isibo w'imyaka 29 y'amavuko ni wenyine wigishije gushushanya akaba ari nawe washinze Inzuki. Ikirangantego cyu Rwanda kizobereye mu ntoki zikozwe mu ntoki, ibikoresho ndetse n’imbere imbere bikozwe mu bikoresho byaho. Bikorewe i Kigali, Inzuki Igishushanyo gikorana namakoperative atandukanye yabategarugori kugirango bakore ibicuruzwa bihuza ubukorikori nuburyo bugezweho.<ref>https://leadingladiesafrica.org/never-stifle-your-dreams-and-aspirations-teta-isibo-teta-isibo-founder-of-inzuki-designs-is-reinventing-traditional-crafts-in-rwanda/</ref> Inzuki Igishushanyo ni ikirango , cyihuta cyane cyu Rwanda ruzobereye mumitako ihumeka nyafurika, ibikoresho hamwe na décor y'imbere, byose byakozwe n'intoki.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-teta-isibo</ref> Ibishushanyo bya Inzuki bizobereye muri Jewellery, Accesories no gutaka imbere. Yakozwe n'intoki igishushanyo cyu Rwanda hamwe nisi yose, ukoresheje ibikoresho kama. Teta ashinzwe igishushanyo mbonera, naho abanyamuryango ba koperative y'abagore hirya no hino bashinzwe gukora ibicuruzwa.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-teta-isibo</ref> == Aho byakuwe == nsv5gdhwujgtthatq1pyvzuakdimgl5 0 9891 81167 81148 2021-12-10T17:46:28Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandkazi Iradukunda Yvonne Emmanuella akaba rwiyemezamirimo wimyaka 20 muri Agribusiness, akoresha inyungu zuruganda rwa Hibiscus atanga umutobe, vino, Liquor nicyayi nyuma yubushomeri.<ref>http://ryaf.rw/?p=1934</ref> == Amateka == ”Nyuma y’amasomo yisumbuye, yasanze ko bitoroshye kubona akazi usaba imyanya y'akazi. Utanze ibyangombwa byawe byose ukobikenewe ugategeza igihe kirekire ntibagusubize kugezaaubwo utaye icyizere . Iradukunda niko kuzana  ikindi cyifuzo cyo gukora hibiscus igikoresho cye cy'ubucuruzi, ari uko yasnze  imiti gakondo ku ndwara zidakira za nyina.Ati: “Igihingwa cya Hibiscus cyabaye imiti kuri mama warwaye indwara zidakira arizo: lumbago n'indwara zifata imitsi.” Yongeyeho ati , ufite ibinyobwa bya Rwasagabo, avuga ko yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe hamwe n’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda nk'umurwa mukuru ariko ahura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’abantu batamenyereye ibicuruzwa bya hibiscus.Ati: "Byarangoye cyane kubona isoko mu ntangiriro kuko umutobe wa hibiscus wari mushya mumatwi y'abacuruzi. Bamwe muribo basezeranye kwishyura nyuma ntibishyure. Abandi bakoresheje cyangwa banze ibicuruzwa<ref>http://ryaf.rw/?p=1934</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/871311</ref> ey5irc86eshpdysg5cqdbwsk8pjnqee 0 9892 81197 81196 2021-12-11T13:47:37Z Badelphine 10333 updated refences wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michaella Rugwizangoga''' ni umunyarwanda ukiri mutomuto akaba ari umuyobozi mukuru w’uruganda rwa Volkswagen mu Rwanda, Uruganda rwabadage rukora imodoka zo mubwoko bwa VW rukanaziteranyiriza u rwanda. Niwe mudamu wambere wumwirabura yafashe umwanya nkuyu mubudage.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88189/move-ride-ikoranabuhanga-rishya-rizafasha-abanyarwanda-bose-kugenda-muri-vw-88189.html</ref><ref>https://www.globalfemaleleaders.com/speaker/michaella-rugwizangoga/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/profile/michaella-rugwizangoga-grace-mugabekazi</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/use-what-you-have-learned-be-successful-first-lady-tells-graduands</ref> == Amashuri == Rugwizangoga yize Bachelor ya Science (Toxicology) mumwaka wa 2007 – 2011 na Master ya Science (Toxicology, Chemistry)  mumwaka wa 2007 – 2013 yakuye muri  University of Kaiserslautern.<ref>https://rocketreach.co/michaella-rugwizangoga-email_4283180</ref> == Umwuga == Michaella Rugwizangoga numu injeniyeri wumunyarwanda ufite uburambe cyane mu igenamigambi, gucunga imishinga no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Arangije icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza, yakoze mu kigo  gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB), VillageGroup, Imbuto Foundation (Fondasiyo ya Madamu Jeannette Kagame), ubu akaba akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen Mobility Solutions Rwanda kuva muri Mata 2018. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/231754</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/volkswagen-iratangira-guteranyiriza-ku-mugaragaro-imodoka-mu-rwanda</ref> Michaella abarizwa mu Ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi ku isi (World Economic Forum’s Global Shaper) kandi akaba umunyamuryango wa Kigali Hub kuva 2014. Global Shapers Community ni gahunda yaturutse mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi hamwe n’urusobe rwa Hubs rwatejwe imbere kandi ruyobowe n’urubyiruko rudasanzwe mu bushobozi bwabo, ibyo bagezeho ndetse no guharanira gutanga umusanzu mu baturage babo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207504</ref> Ni umunyamuryango wa “Africa50”; itsinda rigizwe na 50 Global Shapers batoranijwe mu kwitabira ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi kuri Afurika (World Economic Forum on Africa) AF16 muri 2016. Ni umunyamuryango wa “Davos50”, yavuze ku bibazo bijyanye n’urubyiruko, ubuyobozi n’iterambere mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi ryabereye i Davos mu Busuwisi. <ref>https://www.globalfemaleleaders.com/speaker/michaella-rugwizangoga/</ref> Rugwizangoga yashinze International HOPE WEEK Africa Youth Summit ikaba yarabereye yabereye i Kigali mu Kuboza umwaka 201,  ihuza abashyitsi barenga 100 baturutse mu bihugu 40 kugira ngo bige ku bikorwa byiza by’u Rwanda kandi baganire ku mbogamizi mu burezi, kwihangira imirimo n'imiyoborere myiza,<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/73839</ref> Yabaye Umunyarwanda wa mbere watorewe kuba uhagarariye urubyiruko mu bufatanye n’u Rwanda-Rhineland-Palatinate (Ubudage), yagaragaye ko yatsindiye mu cyiciro cya 'Future Leader' mu birori byabereye muri Niger, kandi ahabwa icyubahiro na Madamu wa Perezida w’igihugu, Dr. Issoufou Malika.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibihembo == Mu rwego rwo gushimira ibikorwa byinshi yakoze, ubuvugizi ndetse n'ubwitange mu guha imbaraga urubyiruko, Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cyitwa Active Woman Award.<ref name=":0" /> Muri Mutarama 2020, Rugwizangoga yahawe igihembo cy’umushoramari w’umwaka nk’umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen Rwanda,  yagishyikirijwe na Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Uzziel Ndagijimana.<ref name=":0" /> == References == [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] gmccsz8z626u3h8v81m7jxy4yjbb162 0 9893 81188 81187 2021-12-11T13:25:44Z Badelphine 10333 updated citations wikitext text/x-wiki '''Akanyana Sharon''' ni umunyarwanakazi, umucuruzi, rwiyemezamirimo ushyira imbere ibikikorwa bya made in rwanda. Niwe washinze akaba n'umuyobozi wa Ishyo Foods Ltd.<ref>https://summitdialogues.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/AGRA-dialogue-report.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Rwanda%20Standards%20Journal%20Issue%2021-%20RSB%20Achievements%20for%20the%20FY2019_2020%20and%20much%20more.pdf</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-hub-connect-rwandan-women-entrepreneurs-markets</ref> == Amashuri n'imibereho == Akanyana yabaye miss wa kaminuza nkuru y u Rwanda ari naho yize bachelor mu mwaka wa 2005 (Miss Campus 2005).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/93327</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200604050262.html</ref> Akanyana afite impamyabumenyi mu buhinzi yakuye muri Kaminuza nkuru yurwanda na Masters mu nyigisho ziterambere. <ref>http://comprinters.com/FlipBooks/2059_CCMR/files/assets/basic-html/page31.html</ref>Nyuma yo kumara kwiga yashakaga akazi ariko ntiyakabona. Ibi ariko byamuhaye umwanya uhagije wo gucukumbura ishyaka rye mubyerekeranye no guteka. <ref>https://www.genghis-capital.com/newsfeed/feedback-guide-to-starting-a-crop-farm/</ref> Iyo yasangiraga ninshuti ze cyangwa umuryango we, bakundaga ibyo yabaga yakoze nka za yogurt hamwe nimbuto zitandukanye. Ubwo igitekerezo cyo guhindura ishyaka rye ryo guteka aka bihinduramo ubucuruzi gitangira kuvuka.Sharon yatangiye ubucuruzi ahereye ku bwiyoroshye mu gikoni cye.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-hub-connect-rwandan-women-entrepreneurs-markets</ref> == Umwuga == Ishyo Foods ni kampani yatangijwe na Akanyana Sharon warangije muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda muri 2018. Ishyo Foods ikora imvange y’umutobe w’imbuto izwi nka komfitire (jam), igakorwa hifashishijwe imbuto zirimo inyanya, vanilla ,inkeri n’inanasi. <ref>https://www.rsb.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Rwanda%20Standards%20Journal%20Issue%2021-%20RSB%20Achievements%20for%20the%20FY2019_2020%20and%20much%20more.pdf</ref> Ibikorwa na Ishyo Foods biboneka mu masoko atandukanye acuruza ibiribwa (supermarkets) muri Kigali nko muri Samba Foods no muri Simba. Akanyana Sharon yatangiriye ibikorwa bye mu gikoni cye, yifashishije ubushobozi buke yari afite, nyuma umushinga we uraguka ugera ku rwego rukomeye kubera umwihariko ufite.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/Banki-ya-Kigali-irashaka-abagore-25-iha-inguzanyo-izishyurwa-nta-nyungu</ref><ref>https://www.inkomoko.com/news/bk-urumuris-rwanda-wide-search-for-25-outstanding-women-1</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/03/bk-urumuris-rwanda-wide-search-for-25-outstanding-women-entrepreneurs/</ref> Sharon Akanyana, ni umunyamuryango wa SheTrade <ref name=":1">https://www.intracen.org/IWD21/</ref>, akaba na nyir'ubucuruzi w’isosiyete itunganya ibiribwa ikorera mu mujyi wa Kigali yavuze ko binyuze muri hub yashoboye guhabwa amahugurwa ku bucuruzi butandukanye, nko kwamamaza ndetse n’uburyo bwo gukoresha imibare ye kandi akanabona uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ubufasha bw’amafaranga nandi mahirwe menshi. Ashisikariza abantu iri huriro rizafasha mu gushyigikira no kugeza ku rubyiruko rwaba rwiyemezamirimo b'abagore no kubafasha gutera imbere no kubona amahirwe menshi yo gushora imari.<ref>http://https//www-newtimes-co-rw.translate.goog/news/new-hub-connect-rwandan-women-entrepreneurs-markets?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=rw&_x_tr_hl=rw&_x_tr_pto=sc</ref> == ^Ingamba == Akanyana yahinduye ingamba zimikorere yubucuruzi mugihe cya COVID-19 kugirango kugirango adakomeza kwishingikiriza ama supermarkets nkabaguzi be nyamukuru. Atangira gukorana naza hoteri na resitora nkabaguzi nyamukuru kuri we, kandi yagura imikorere igera hakurya yu Rwanda no muri Afrika yuburasirazuba.<ref name=":1" /> == References == [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] 7bivswmjd2adwo27gk57wsjuoq4bqoh 0 9894 81200 81199 2021-12-11T13:59:52Z Badelphine 10333 added citations wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hon. Béata Habyarimana''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ndetse n’umucuruzi w'umunyamwuga mu bijyanye n’imicungire y’imari akaba n’umunyapolitiki. Ni Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda(MINICOM) muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]], kuva ku ya 15 Werurwe 2021.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-are-new-ministers-and-provincial-governors</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-trade-minister-prioritise-sme-growth</ref><ref>https://www.primature.gov.rw/index.php?id=33</ref> == Ubuzima == Habyarimana yavukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ariko impamvu yatumye ariho avukira byatewe n’akazi ababyeyi be bakoraga. Ababyeyi be bakoraga muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri icyo gihugu. We n'ababyeyi be bagiye baba mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Amerika, u Bubiligi n’u Burusiya. Mumibereho ye yakoze mu bijyanye no gufasha abantu batandukanye kugera kuri serivisi z’imari hanyuma akora no mu bijyanye no kubafasha kwiga iyo mishinga yabo ku buryo yavamo ubucuruzi cyangwa ibikorwa bibyara inyungu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashuri == Hon. Habyarimana yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'imari no kuyicunga.muri kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda kuva 1996 kugeza 2000,nanone kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Masters mu miyoborere mu by’imari yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Maastricht mu Buholandi. Yayibonye hagati y’umwaka wa 2009 na 2011.<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/03/imbamutima-za-gasana-gatabazi-soraya.html</ref> Bitewe nuko we umuryango bagiye baba mu bihugu bitandukanye, igice kimwe cy’amashuri ye yakize mu Bubiligi, ikindi akigira mu Rwanda aho yizei Kanombe, mu gihe amashuri yisumbuye yayize muri Economic Rwamagana izwi kwizina rya Groupe Scolaire St Aloys Rwamagana.<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Hon. Habyarimana ni umuhanga mu bukungu ufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 16 mu bijyanye n’imari kuko mbere yuko ashyirwaho yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wungirije muri Banki ya Afurika.<ref>http://apanews.net/en/pays/rwanda/news/kagame-appoints-new-trade-minister-in-mild-cabinet-reshuffle</ref> Yakoraga kandi nk'umuyobozi mukuru muri Agaseke Bank , Yakoze muri Banki y'abaturage y'u Rwanda (BPR) mu myanya ikomeye. Yabanje kandi gukorera ikigo cya Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,mu bijyanye no gufasha abantu kugera kuri serivisi z’imari ariko ku bantu bafite ubukene bwihariye (Access to Finance for Poor). Yakoze no mu kindi kigo cy’Abanyamerika cyari gifitanye imikoranire na Banque Populaire kandi akomeza imikoranire myiza.<ref>https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/14/u-s-rwanda-trade-beata-habyarimana-ambassador-tais-virtual-meeting-with-rwanda-minister-of-trade-and-industry-beata-habyarimana/</ref> Ni umwe kandi mu bashinze Umuryango Nyafurika wa New Faces, New voices, uhuza abari n’abategarugori ukanabafasha kugera kuri serivisi z’imari.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umunyakuri-wakabije-inzozi-iby-igitabo-cyamuhinduye-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201009082743/https://www.minicom.gov.rw/index.php?id=1%2F Urubuga rwa minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda mu Rwanda] (Minicom) == References == [[Category:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Template]] 8dtodnhzja69v898y2e68uzizz7n7fd 0 9895 81217 81212 2021-12-11T18:26:08Z Badelphine 10333 references wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Ashimwe''' ni umunyarwanda rwiyemezamirimo uharanira kubaho mubuzima buzima ni umujyanama wabana babakobwa akaba numuvugizi. Niwe washinze Rwanda Clot Awareness Network (RCAN).akaba ari n'umuyobozi mukuru wayo.<ref>https://rw.usembassy.gov/u-s-embassy-honors-three-rwandan-women-of-courage-2019/</ref> == Amashuri == Ashimwe afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bw'ubuzima yibanda kuri siyanse y'ibidukikije yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, muri Maroc.Afite n' impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu buringanire n'iterambere yakuye mu kigo cya kaminuza y'u Rwanda gishinzwe uburinganire. Kuri ubu arimo gukurikirana impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri Global Health Delivery muri kaminuza ya Global Health Equity.<ref>http://wtd.mikemelli.net/about/founders/christine-ashimwe/</ref> == Ubuzima == Ashimwe ni umubyeyi w'abakobwa batatu akaba abana n'umuryango we i Kigali.<ref>https://www.worldthrombosisday.org/campaign-materials/personal-stories/christine-gatsinzi/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri Werurwe 2016, Ashimwe yashinze Rwanda Clot Awareness Network nyuma yo kurwara amaraso mu kuguru kwe kw'iburyo no mu bihaha byombi mukwezu kwa ukuboza 2015.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-activist-be-feted-world-thrombosis-day</ref> Nubwo yarwaye amaraso menshi mu bihaha no mu bwonko, ibi ntibyamubujije kwigisha abandi ibijyanye na trombose (amaraso).<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/christine-ashimwe-s-fight-with-killer-clots--1404806</ref> Ahora ashishikajwe no gutanga amasomo yigisha abandi indwara trombose, kwigisha kubyerekeye ingaruka, ibimenyetso nimitere iiyo ndwara. Atanga ubuvugizi cyane cyane ku bagore batwite kuko yizera ko nta mugore ugomba gupfa igihe cyo kubyara. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.gofundme.com/f/lets-bring-tina-closer-home-by-seeing-her-girls</ref> Ashimwe yashyizweho nk’uhagarariye abarwayi ku nshuro ya mbere na komite nyobozi y’umunsi mpuzamahanga wa WTD (WTD) na International Society on Thrombose na Haemostasis (ISTH).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/ashimwe-her-new-role-patient-representative-world-thrombosis-steering-committee</ref> == Ibihembo == Ashimwe yahawe igihembo cyo gutangiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe Thrombose World Thrombosis Day 2018 aba ambasaderi wumwaka. == References == 4eb8e9e7sn76wr6fjclbet1r468q6yj 0 9896 81218 81210 2021-12-11T18:26:56Z Badelphine 10333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dative Nanyekabo''' ni umunyarwanda, rwiyemezamirimo, yashinze Family Circle Love Lab Organisation (FCLLO) akaba numuyobozi mukuru wicyo kigo.<ref>https://rw.usembassy.gov/u-s-embassy-honors-three-rwandan-women-of-courage-2019/</ref> == Amashuri == Nakabonye afite Impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor mu kubaka amahoro n'amajyambere, n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu iterambere ry’ubushakashatsi. == Imibereho == Nakabonye abayeho ubuzima bwa buri munsi kubwo kwiyemeza no kwizera ko "Gushyigikira umugore ari ugushyigikira umuryango wose". == Umwuga == Nakabonye yashinze FCLLO ni umuryango ukora bikorwa byo gufasha abantu batishoboye no guhanga udushya mumatsinda yabobantu.atishoboye.Nakabonye hamwe n’umuryango we bashyigikira abagore bo mu cyaro bakorerwa ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina kugira ngo batsinde ihahamuka kandi bahabwe imbaraga.Nakabonye arazwi cyane binyuze mumuryango wa FCLLOyashinze. Uyu muryango we wahindutse ahantu heza ho kwiga kubanyeshuri, abimenyereza umwuga, nabashakashatsi baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye. Ni umwe mu bagize ihuriro ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo (NFADV). == References == bpneu2f1lz1s5238bi9edeambngblon 0 9897 81214 81213 2021-12-11T17:11:39Z Badelphine 10333 added education wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Mukeshimana''' ni umunyarwanda washinze community center itanga ubufasha bwabafite ubumuga nabafite intege nke yitwa HDVC (Help for Disabled and Vulnerable Children).<ref>https://rw.usembassy.gov/u-s-embassy-honors-three-rwandan-women-of-courage-2019/</ref> == Amashuli == Mukeshimana afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor muri Physiotherapy na Social Science. == Ubuzima == Mukeshimana ni umubyeyi wabana babiri bafite ishyaka ryo gukorana nabagore nabana batishoboye. == Umwuga == Mu mwaka wa 2009, Mukeshimana yahangayikishijwe no kubona ubushobozi no kubura ibisubizo by'ibibazo bye, nuko ashinga umuryango wita kubana bafite ubumuga n’abatishoboye witwa Help for Disabled and Vulnerable Children (HDVC). Kuva icyo gihe, imiryango myinshi yungukiwe kumikorere ye nubuyobozi bwikigo cye. Mukeshimana kandi ni umunyamuryango w’ihuriro ry’abategarugori bashinzwe uburezi muri Afurika (FAWE) na Organisation des Medecins du Sport (ORDEMES). jsx2a3d7b170qo1pr4pfh6kgwghtgl4 0 9898 81216 81215 2021-12-11T17:37:35Z Badelphine 10333 Added contents wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Murebwayire''' ni umunyarwanda, rwiyemezamirimo, yashinze COPROVIBA(Co-operative de Production du Vin de Banane) mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/early-investors-score-big-time-rwandan-banana-wine/56437/</ref> Ni chairperson wa Chamber of Rwanda Farmers akaba na Vice-chairperson wa PSF mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/205968</ref> == References == irjos0qlk43tlkyizft4odjr6pwpno8 0 9899 81223 81222 2021-12-12T09:43:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Me Umwali Sylivie ni rwiyemezamirimo, n'umunyamategeko w'umunyarwandakazi, akaba ari mu bashinze M.ABAYO LAW FIRM LTD urugaga rwabavoka bikorera mu [[Rwanda]] bakaba batanga serivise mu gufasha gukemura Imanza cyangawa Ubundi buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane, ubujyanama mu by'amategeko & Ubujyanama mu by'umutungo w'ikoranabuhanga, Umutungo utimukanwa, Ibikorwa Remezo n'ingufu karemano, amasosiyete ,Amabanki n’ubucuruzi, kimwe na serivise za Noteri<ref>About the firm - Abayo & Co. Advocates</ref><ref>http://rwandamarket.rw/profile-121.htm</ref><ref>https://www.rwandayp.com/company/3340/M_ABAYO_LAW_FIRM</ref>. Me Sylivie nk'umunyamategeko kugiti cye yagiye agaragara mu manza nyinshi nk'umwunganizi akenshi akora ku manza zijyanye n'ubucuruzi<ref>https://umuseke.rw/umuryango-rwanda-bridges-to-justice-waburaniye-abantu-4-baregwa-ubujura.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] rfdc8remozd989gmydidsruedj7ii14 0 9900 81220 2021-12-12T09:23:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 created article wikitext text/x-wiki Mukagahima Marie Ange ni Rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi wibanda mu kubungabunga umusaruro ukomoka kubihingwa byatumye muri 2016 ashinga Zima Enterprise , ikigo cyongerera agaciro igihingwa [[Igihaza|cy'ibihaza]] kuko bagikuramo ifu, amavuta yo guteka n'ibisuguti<ref>Mukagahima, umukobwa ufite ubuhanga bwo kubyaza amavuta yo guteka mu bihaza (igihe.com)</ref> <ref>https://www.techinafrica.com/meet-founder-marie-ange-mukagahima-owner-zima-enterprise-makes-pumpkins-profitable/</ref>, muri 2017 yitabiriye amarushanwa atandukanye akoresheje uyu mushinga maze yose arayatsinda bituma akuramo ubufasha bumwemerera gutangira uruganda rukra ibyo yateguraga<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/urumuri-winners-laud-bank-of-kigali-for</ref>. Bimwe mu bihembo yatwaye harimo YouthConnect Innovation muri 2017 ahembwa 5 million na Urumuri Initiatives yari yateguwe na Banki ya Kigali<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/urumuri-winners-laud-bank-of-kigali-for</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi muri Business]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] gvidqvbn57kmd3ntpdvkpslphe4twcb 0 9901 81224 2021-12-12T16:52:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059634197|Draft:Mariam Muganga]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariam Muganga''' (wavutse 1987) ni umucuruzikazi wo mu [[Rwanda]] . Niwe washinze Academic Bridge, isosiyete itanga porogaramu ikoreshwa mu mashuri 90 yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2016 Academic Bridge yatsindiye igihembo cy’itumanaho mpuzamahanga muri e-Education kubera uruhare yagize mu kuzamura uburezi binyuze muri ICT. <ref name="Ntirenganya">=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/how-27-year-olds-innovation-revolutionising-education-system</ref> == Uburezi == Muganga afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science Science (BASc.) Muri Computer Science and Information yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya kaminuza yu Rwanda]] . <ref name="Ntirenganya" /> == Umwuga == Muganga yateguye porogaramu ya Academic Bridge muri 2014, ayisohora muri 2015. Porogaramu ifasha gucunga itumanaho hagati yishuri nababyeyi, kimwe no gufasha kuzamura ireme ryuburezi. Sisitemu itanga konti kubanyeshuri n'ababyeyi, kandi itanga itumanaho rihuriweho binyuze kuri SMS na imeri. Konti ya buri mwana yerekana amanota yatanzwe na mwarimu kubikorwa byabo, bifasha gukora indangamanota yizewe. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] cuufbxznlfj61mwl5sio6u5vbmj0tpy 0 9902 81225 2021-12-12T17:19:57Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059600926|Draft:Chantal Umuhorakeye]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chantal Umuhorakeye''' n'umucuruzikazi [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] . Ni cofounder kandi ayobora Urwambariro Shoe Hub Limited. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/215897</ref> == Uburezi == Muri 2013, Umuhorakeye yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) . Yabonye kandi amahugurwa muri Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) [[Rwanda]]. == Umwuga w'ubucuruzi == Chantal Umuhorakeye nuwashinze uruganda rwa Shoe Manufacturing and Shopping Limited, uruganda rukora inkweto ruherereye mu murenge wa Kimironko, [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], [[Kigali]] . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/how-young-entrepreneurs-are-reaping-big-footwear-only-rwf5000-investment</ref> Nyuma yo kumara imyaka irenga ibiri ashakisha akazi arakabura nyuma yo kwiga kaminuza, Umuhorakeye yiyandikishije mu micungire yubucuruzi no kwihangira imirimo. Muri Werurwe 2016, yifatanije nabandi bagenzi be barindwi bashinga uruganda rukora inkweto. uruganda rugira uruhare mukumurika no gusana inkweto. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/215897</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi muri Business]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] m0nii55nrballqu0k6nf5duttnaw8wq 0 9903 81226 2021-12-12T17:32:54Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059579269|Draft:Berthilde Niyibaho]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Berthilde Niyibaho''' (yavutse mu 1960) <ref name="tnt">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208864</ref> [[Rwanda|numudamu wumucuruzi mu Rwanda]] wamamaye mubucuruzi kubikomoka kubuhinzi. Niwe washinze BN Producers Limited, <ref name="hm">http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=945</ref> itanga ifu y'ibihumyo na vino y'ibitoki. <ref name="tnt" /> == Umwuga w'ubucuruzi == Niyibaho yatangiye gake gake akora ibinyobwa byibitoki muri 2005 nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Yagiye mu Bushinwa abinyujije mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]] (RAB), kimufasha gutozwa ubuhinzi bw’ibihumyo no kubitunganya. Muri 2006 yatangiye ubucuruzi bwe nishoramari rito. <ref name="hm" /> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yatoranijwe mu mishinga mito n'iciriritse kugira ngo ahugurwe mu Buholandi ku bijyanye no gukora imbuto y'ibihumyo abifashijwemo n'ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]]. Agurisha ibicuruzwa bye mu [[Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzaniya]], na Bukavu, mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya [[Kongo]]. BN Producers Limited itanga ibihumyo bishya, byumye, itanga imbuto yibihumyo kandi itanga serivisi zamahugurwa kubaturage gukora ibihumyo nkubucuruzi butanga umusaruro. <ref name="hm" /> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 38y4iokorxueezypqaipjx85nvw0ezf 0 9904 81228 2021-12-12T18:10:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059953171|Gloria Kamanzi Uwizera]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gloria Kamanzi Uwizera''' (Yavutse 1981), <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref> ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] w’umucuruzi, ni we washinze Glo Creations. <ref>https://taarifa.rw/rwandas-top-50-young-executives/</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Gloria wavutse 1981, <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref> ni rwiyemezamirimo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda,]] yakuriye mu muryango aho sekuru na nyina bakora ubucuruzi. yari umucungamutungo muri resitora ya nyina, afite imyaka 11, akurana inzozi zo kuba umucuruzi. <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/16/the-startup-story-of-gloria-kamanzi-uwizera</ref> Yakundaga gushushanya amabara, yatezaga imbere ubuhanga bwe mumashuri yisumbuye, nyuma yaho yagiye muri [[Senegali|Senegal]] gukomeza amasomo ye Mu 2004 yahuye numuhanzi wa batik aho yize ubuhanga bushya bwo gushushanya, batik atangira gushyira udushushanyo kuri t -shirt akazigurisha ku Itorero ku cyumweru yabikoraga nko kwishimisha ariko nyuma ubucuruzi bwe buto bwariyongereye. Mu 2005, yagarutse mu [[Rwanda]] aho yari afite igitekerezo cyo guhanga imirimo, atangira gukorera mu rugo mu gihe kiri hagati y'amezi atatu n'icyenda, Muri 2008, Isosiyete ye yiyandikishije maze itangira urugendo rwo kwihangira imirimo. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref> Glo Creations nisosiyete ikora imyenda , kabuhariwe mugukora imiterere yubuziranenge bwafrica kubwimyenda no gutaka imbere murugo. <ref>https://finnpartnership.fi/matchmaking/glo-creations-ltd/</ref> == Igihembo n'ibyagezweho == Mu mwaka wa 2012, mu [[Rwanda]] habaye amarushanwa y’igihugu y’ubukorikori yateguwe na Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi mu [[Rwanda]] aho Gloria yabaye umwanya wa mbere (cluster yubudozi) muri HEAP ( Handicraft Excellence Award Program), Muri uwo mwaka, Minisiteri y’umurimo n’abaturage mu [[Rwanda]] yagaragaje Gloria nka Rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto muri [[Kigali]] <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2020/7/7/quote-of-the-day-by-gloria-kamanzi-uwizera</ref> Gloria ni umwe mu ihuriro ry’abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo hirya no hino ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]] uzwi ku izina rya “ African Women Entrepreneurship Program” AWEP, ni Umuyobozi wa AWEP mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32930-3_5</ref> Ni umwe mu bagize inama y’Urugereko rw’Abagore Ba Rwiyemezamirimo munsi y’abikorera ku giti cyabo-PSF . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/textile-designer-12-year-long-journey</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4zb1sek281r0gc7kb2d50svacm5tklw 0 9905 81988 81233 2022-02-09T15:38:13Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Hari article nziza ya diane cyuzuzo iyi ntago imeze neza wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 9906 81237 81236 2021-12-12T19:42:25Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Willine Ikirezi Numunyarwandakazi akaba umwe mubarwiyemezamirimo bashinze Dot pharma Mu Rwanda == Ubuzima Bwohambere == Willine Ikirezi yatangiye 'Daily Healing Voice' muri 2020 nyuma yo guhura nibibazo byubuzima bwo mumutwe. Yahisemo gufasha bagenzi be bahuye nabyo, binyuze mumagambo ya buri munsi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/dealing-mental-illness-pushed-poet-use-art-help-others</ref> Mu ntangiriro, yandikaga inyandiko kuri terefone akayishyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Icyo gihe, yari ijambo rimwe kumunsi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/dealing-mental-illness-pushed-poet-use-art-help-others</ref>. Amaze kubona ibitekerezo byinshi kubantu batandukanye yatangiye kwandika imirongo itatu kumunsi no gukoresha amabara ye yerekana, umuhondo numweru, kuri cote. Umuhondo ugereranya ibyiza n'ibyishimo, mugihe umweru ugereranya ubunyangamugayo mubuzima bwa buri wese.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/dealing-mental-illness-pushed-poet-use-art-help-others</ref> == Reba Hano == tisk5gsx31qkpqrrgqj0e779tnncc1e 0 9907 81238 2021-12-12T20:26:05Z 2C0F:EB68:216:9C00:4CAC:295B:FAF5:8F02 Created page with "irangamimere" wikitext text/x-wiki irangamimere rxlid8jg1ifbtphr4a5xjyg671yazpb 8 9908 81264 2021-12-17T13:12:56Z Martin Urbanec (WMF) 8098 Maintenance: Update Growth config to new format json application/json { "copyedit": { "disabled": false, "group": "easy", "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "template-based" }, "expand": { "disabled": false, "group": "hard", "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "template-based" }, "links": { "disabled": false, "group": "easy", "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "template-based" }, "references": { "disabled": false, "group": "medium", "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "template-based" }, "update": { "disabled": false, "group": "medium", "templates": [], "excludedTemplates": [], "excludedCategories": [], "type": "template-based" } } 3dtwpqtc79lkpqzbvnrdzvff546fa7b 0 9909 81294 2021-12-20T07:05:09Z 197.243.60.218 Amafi, ibiyaga, imigezi, ibidendezi wikitext text/x-wiki Amafi ni ubwoko bw'amatungo yororerwa mu mazi, bukaba burimo ubwoko butandukanye, hari ubugira amagaragamba, n'ubundi bugira umubiri unyerera. muri rusange rero amafi akungahaye ku intungamubiri nyinshi. amafi yororwa abari mu byuzi, naho andi muri rusange aba mu migezi, inzuzi, ibiyaga, ndetse n'ibidendeze. Mu RWANDA, hakunda kuboneka amafi yo mubwoka bwa Tirapiya, aribwo bukunzwe, muyandi atagira amagara gamba harimo ayitwa inkube, imamba ndetse n'ishinzi. Mu kivu hakunda kuboneka mo ayitwa isambaza, hamwe n'indugu. 2ib9jshoa6j8wyet84fvbua9sybwl4f 0 9914 81324 2022-01-09T14:41:21Z Ranepa4 10522 Created page with "'' 'Franz R. Friedl' '', nanone ku izina ry'irihimbano '' Jacques Renée '' (* 30 Gicurasi [[1892]] muri [[Oberkappel]], [[Ositiriya]]; † 5 Ukuboza [[Essen]]<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref>), yari umunya Otirishiya [[gucuranga inanga]], [[umuhimbyi]] na [[uwahimbye film]]...." wikitext text/x-wiki '' 'Franz R. Friedl' '', nanone ku izina ry'irihimbano '' Jacques Renée '' (* 30 Gicurasi [[1892]] muri [[Oberkappel]], [[Ositiriya]]; † 5 Ukuboza [[Essen]]<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref>), yari umunya Otirishiya [[gucuranga inanga]], [[umuhimbyi]] na [[uwahimbye film]]. == Ubuzima nakazi == Umuhungu wa [[Küfer]] yize amashuri yisumbuye hanyuma ahabwa amahugurwa yubuhanzi na Rosé, [[Carl Flesch]] na [[Hugo Kaun]]. Friedl yaciye akora akazi ko gutunganya ibitaramo muri Dortmund na Dresden. Kuva mu 1923 kugeza 1926, Franz Friedl yari umucuranzi w'inanga muri [[Teatro Colón]] i [[Buenos Aires]] [[Arijantine]], kuva mu 1927 wo muri Otirishiya yo hejuru, akaba yaranakoresheje izina ry'irihimbano Jacques Renée inshuro nyinshi, akora nk'umuhimbyi wigenga kandi ahimba umuziki wa chambre , kurengana, no kwidagadura kuva 1933 nabyo umuziki wa firime. Muri Gatatu ya Reich Friedl yari umwe mu bahimbyi ba sinema bakoreshwa cyane mu Budage kandi yanakoze firime nyinshi zo kwamamaza no [[anti-Semitism (kugeza 1945) | anti-Semitike]] firime zitera nka pseudo-documentaire '' [[The Umuyahudi w'iteka]] '' irahari.<ref>[https://ibitabo&q=franz%2018=kuri-12 ]</ref><ref>[https://ibitabo.google.de/ibitabo?id=oSp1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=franz+r.+imyaka&q=franz% 20r. Wochenschau]]</ref>. Friedl yanditse kandi amanota menshi ya firime yumuco na documentaire. Mu myaka ya mbere ya [[DEFA]] Friedl yakoraga kandi muri societe ya gikomunisiti. Mu 1951, uwahimbye ahanini yarangije imirimo ye ya firime. [[Ubuholandi]] [[Björn Stenvers]] numwuzukuru wumukobwa we wenyine.<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref> == Amashusho ya firime == <div style = "inkingi-ubugari: 30em; inkingi-kubara: 2;"> * 1932: [[Ubushake bwa Dr. Mabuse]] ([[Das Testament]]) * 1933: Bya chamois na ibex (Von Gemsen und Steinböcken) * 1933: Inguge (Affenstreiche) * 1933: [[abo bahanganye mu kirere]] ([[Rivalen der Luft]]) * 1934: Kuva Königsberg kugera Berchtesgaden (Von Königsberg bis Berchtesgaden) * 1934: Sura aho bafungiye (Besuch im Karzer) * 1934: [[Wilhelm Bwira]] ([[Wilhelm Tell]]) * 1934: Inyubako nziza cyane kuva mubushinwa. Amashusho kuva [[Beijing]] (Wunderbauten aus Chinas Kaiserzeit. Bilder aus Peking) * 1934: [[Ikigo cya Hubertus]] ([[Schloß Hubertus]]) * 1934: Ibyerekeye amakoti yumukara (Von Schwarzkitteln und Schauflern) * 1935: [[Umuyaga mushya uturuka muri Kanada]] () * 1935: Abyssinia uyumunsi - isi yibandaho (documentaire) (Abessinien von heute) * 1935: [[Gushyigikira societe]] ([[Stützen der Gesellschaft]]) * 1935: Mu gihugu cya Widukind (Im Lande Widukinds) * 1935: Uwera numuswa we (Die Heilige und ihr Narr) * 1935: Itara rya Hangover (Kater Lampe) * 1935: Jonny, haute-couture * 1936: [[Ukwezi kwa buki]] ([[Flitterwochen]]) * 1936: Annemarie * 1937: Spreehafen Berlin (Spreehafen Berlin) * 1937: Kamera ihiga kashe (Kamerajagd auf Seehunde) * 1938: [[Inyenyeri zirabagirana]] ([[Es leuchten die Sterne]]) * 1938: Sanatori yubukwe (Das Ehesanatorium) * 1938: gukundana no gukunda (Liebelei und Liebe) * 1938: Umutima ushaje ujya murugendo (Altes Herz geht auf die Reise) * 1938: [[Rätsel der Urwaldhölle]] * 1938: Kuva kuri nyirinzu hamwe no gukodesha ku nyanja (Vom Hauswirt und Mieter auf dem Meeresgrund) * 1938: [[Umwami wa Edelweiss (1939) | Umwami wa Edelweiss]] ([[Der Edelweißkönig]]) * 1939: Agakiza ntagatifu! Ubuzima bw'abarobyi mu turere tw’Ubudage (Petri Heil! Fischerleben in deutschen Gauen) * 1939: Arinka ([[URSS]], Lenfilm) ([[Arinka]] ([[USSR]], [[Lenin]]film)) * 1939: [[Ikizira (1939) | Ikizira]] ([[Das Ekel]]) * 1940: [[Intambara yo muri Noruveje]] ([[Kampf um Norwegen]]) * 1940: [[Umuyahudi uhoraho]] (poropagande yuzuye "film documentaire") ([[Der ewige Jude]]) * 1941: Ikiyaga cya Neusiedl (filime ngufi) (Der Neusiedler See) * 1942: Tugiye mu Budage (Geheimnisvolle Moorwelt) * 1942: Isi Yamayobera (Filime ngufi) * 1943: Ubuzima bwabantu kumpera ya Sahara (film documentaire ngufi) (Volksleben am Rande der [[yo muri Sahara]] [[Afurika]]) * 1943: Welt im Kleinsten (filime ngufi) * 1944: Impinduka itagaragara (Der unsichtbare Schlagbaum) * 1944: [[Hamagara umutimanama]] ([[Ruf an das Gewissen]]) * 1949: [[Igice cya gatanu]] ([[Quartett zu fünft]]) * 1950: Umuyobozi w'akarere Anna (Bürgermeisterin Anna) * 1950: Ubuzima buva mu cyuzi (Leben aus dem Teich) * 1951: Berlin irongera iraza (Berlin kommt wieder) * 1951: Amasoko ya Berlin (Die Brunnen von Berlin) * 1951: [[gari ya moshi idasanzwe]] ([[Zugverkehr unregelmäßig]]) * 1951: [[Ntabwo ikora idafite Gisela]] ([[Es geht nicht ohne Gisela]]) * 1958: [[imiyoboro]] ([[Kanaillen]]) </div> == Ubuvanganzo == * [[Herbert A. Frenzel]], [[Hans Joachim Moser]] (Iv.): ' Ikinamico, opera, firime, radio. Ubudage, Otirishiya, Ubusuwisi. '' De Gruyter, Berlin 1956, {{DNB | 010075518}}, p. 188. * Johann Caspar Glenzdorf: '' Amagambo mpuzamahanga ya Glenzdorf. Igitabo cyerekana ubuzima bwa firime zose. '' Umubumbe wa 1: '' A - Heck. '' Icyamamare-Filmverlag, Bad Münder 1960, {{DNB | 451560736}}, p. 447. * Jürgen Wölfer, Roland Löper: Amagambo akomeye y'abahimbyi ba firime, Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2003, p. 175 * [[Das Deutsche Führerlexikon]], Verlaganstalt Otto Stollberg, GmbH., Berlin 1934, p. 134. * Konrad Vogelsang: Umuziki wa firime muri Reich ya gatatu: Inyandiko (Urukurikirane rw'umuziki). FACTA Oblita Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 1990, imp. 267, 313, 253, 163, 157, 154, 150, 144, 145, 113, 111, 99, 96, 89, 85, 76. ISBN 9783926827289 * Flachowsky, S., Stoecker, H. Kuva Amazone kugera Iburasirazuba. Ingendo zurugendo naba geografiya [[Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel]] (1910–1989). Vienne: Böhlau Verlag: 2011, p. 1938) == Urubuga rwa interineti == * [https://oberkappel.topothek.at/?doc=168255 Franz René Friedl hafi ya Oberkappel (integuro ya Nzeri 2013) urupapuro rwa 17] * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0295066/] == Ibimenyetso bya buri muntu == [[Category:Uwahimbye (Ubudage)]] [[Category:Uwahimbye Filime]] [[Category:Abanya Australiya]] [[Category:Yavutse 1892]] [[Category:Yapfuye 1977]] [[Category:Umugabo]] [[Category:Rwanda]] dkpv4j7ij9spw7lj0zmxdazh8j61zfo 0 9915 81326 81325 2022-01-09T15:03:25Z Ranepa4 10522 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Björn Stenvers'' (* 25 Gicurasi [[1972]] muri [[Arnhem]]) ni (CEO) umuyobozi mukuru wa [[Eye Care Foundation]] akaba yarashinze ishuri ndangamurage. == ubuzima == Mbere, yari umuyobozi wa Fonds de dotation des [[International Council of Museums]]. Kugeza mu 2016 yari umuyobozi wa Fondasiyo y'ingoro z'umurage wa Amsterdam, ari na we yashinze. Björn ni we wenyine mu bitabiriye gahunda ya perezida y’abaminisitiri ba [[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya]] (RANEPA, [[Ihuriro rya Gaidar]]), [[Uburusiya]] aho yigisha. <ref>[https://msi.ranepa.ru/ru/o-fakul-tete Преподаватели Факультета/ Fakultätsprofessoren ]</ref><ref>[https://campus4youth.ru/about/news_item.php?ID=384263 Senior Lecturer RANEPA ]</ref> Muri 2014 Stenvers yashinze ishuri rya "[[Rostov Kremlin]] Academy", muri 2015 yashinze "Ishuri Ndangamurage rya Amsterdam" <ref>[http://www.Amsterdammusea.org ]</ref>, 2017 '' [[[Aruba]] Inzu Ndangamurage'', ''[[Altai]] Inzu Ndangamurage'' na ''Ishuri rya Zoo rya Moscou''<ref>[http://www.moscowzoo.academy/ www.moscowzoo.ru]</ref><ref>[http://www.moscowzoo.academy/ www.moscowzoo.ru ]</ref> yo guhugura abakozi ba muzehe. <ref>[https://mgimo.ru/about/amakuru/amakuru/bjern-stenvers/ master ] </ref> Afite imyanya yubuyobozi mpuzamahanga; Umuyobozi wa '' Kaminuza y'Abaturage ya Amsterdam '', umuyobozi wa [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Diamond i Amsterdam]], Iserukiramuco ry’umucyo wa Amsterdam akaba n'umuyobozi w’umurage ndangamuco w’isi wa [[Igihome cya Brest]], [[Biyelorusiya]]. Björn Stenvers yashakanye numuririmbyi [[Tamara Hoekwater]]. Afite impamyabumenyi nyinshi mumateka yubuhanzi, kwamamaza no gutumanaho. Björn ni umwuzukuru wumukobwa umwe rukumbi wumuhimbyi wa Otirishiya [[Franz R. Friedl]].<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref> == Imirimo == * ''Umunsi mubuzima bwa Leyla & Ray.'' ECF: [[Rwanda]]/ [[Tanzaniya]], 2021, ISBN 978-9090-355048 * ''Umunsi mubuzima bwa Hy & Ry.'' ECF: [[Viyetinamu]]: [[Ho Chi Minh (umujyi)]], 2021, ISBN 978-9090-355047 * ''Abashyitsi b'ingoro z'umurage bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva'' Inzu y'ibitabo Pero: Moscou, 2017, ISBN 978-5-906988-71-3 * ''Umugenzuzi w'ingoro z'umurage wa Amsterdam'' Boekmanstichting, Amsterdam, 2016, ISBN 978-90-826597-0-2 * ''Kwamamaza kuva Papagajnika: "P" eshatu zo kwamamaza inzu ndangamurage kumijyi'' Moscou, 2017, ISBN 978-5-7749-1249-0 * ''Inzu Ndangamurage ya Amsterdam: kugaruka neza binyuze mubufatanye'' Ne-Mo: Berlin, 2017.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170312064841/http://www.ne-mo.org /fileadmin/Dateien/public/NEMo_documents/NEMOAC2016_EcoVal.pdf Ibibazo by'amafaranga: Agaciro k'ubukungu bw'ingoro z'umurage]. ne-mo.org ]</ref> * ''Inzu ndangamurage mu mijyi ikorera hamwe: ubufatanye bwinshi: kugaruka neza'' ICOM Uburusiya: Murmansk, 2015. * ''Igitabo cyamabara y'abana, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Amsterdam'' Bekking & Blitz Gutangaza: Amersfoort, 2015, ISBN 978-906109-50-71 * ''Umugenzuzi w'ingoro z'umurage wa Amsterdam'' Boekmanstichting, Amsterdam, 2015, ISBN 978-90-826597-0-2 * ''Amasomero yo mu Burayi ameze ate mu myaka 7 ukoresheje Amersfoort ya P arindwi'' == Urubuga rwa interineti == * [http://www.ranepa.ru/ Ishuri Rikuru rya Perezida w'Uburusiya] * [http://www.eyecarefoundation.eu/ Fondasiyo Yita ku Maso] * [http://www.moscowzoo.academy/akademija/ob-akademii/ Ishuri rya Zoo rya Moscou] == Ibimenyetso bya buri muntu == [[Category:Ikidage]] [[Category:Umuyobozi w'ingoro z'umurage]] [[Category:Yavutse 1972]] [[Category:Umugabo]] 0cktnv9g9o8ls54rm14meb6r7t5khae 0 9916 81328 81327 2022-01-09T15:13:37Z Ranepa4 10522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tamara Hoekwater.jpg|thumb|250px|Tamara Hoekwater]] '' 'Tamara Tessa Eleonora Hoekwater' '' [[Heerlen]], Mayo 1 [[1972]])| [[Pop]] [[umuririmbyi]]. == ubuzima == Tamara Hoekwatere yize mu ishuri rya Muzika [[Maastricht]]. Kuva mu 1992 kugeza 2002 yari umuririmbyi wambere witsinda rya pop [[Volumia!]]<Ref>[http://www.dichtbij.nl/t-gooi/regionaal-nieuws/artikel/3527225/doek-valt-al-voor-de-pianobar.aspx ]</ref> Nyuma ya Volumia! yaririmbye mu itsinda rinini '' Igishushanyo mbonera ''. Kuva mu 2002 yagaragaye muri "The Jack Million Big-Band," ikaba yaravuzweho byinshi mu miyoborere n’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Amerika. Muri rumwe muri izo ngendo bitabiriye [[Glenn Miller | Glenn-Miller]] - Ibirori muri [[Clarinda]], [[Iowa]]. Mu [[Umujyi wa New York]] yakinnye na Greg Walker ([Santana (itsinda) | Santana]]). Kuri televiziyo [[Limburg 1 | L1]] yerekana urukundo rwe rwerekana nka "Agaciro Kumwanya" na "Tamara & Birgit". Niba ufite ikibazo kijyanye numuntu [[Björn Stenvers]] muri [[Amsterdam]], nyamuneka hamagara Jazzkarriere hamwe na [[Cees Hamelink]] na "Bourgondisch Combo" (itsinda ryinzu ya [[Kaminuza ya Amsterdam]])) Imikorere muri - kandi ikorera hanze. <ref>[https://bourgondischcombo.wordpress.com/about/ Bourgondisch Combo]</ref><ref>[https://aac.uva.nl/content/evenementen/evenementen/2018/10/amsterdams-jazz-cafe---5-Oktubre---bourgondisch-combo.html ]</ref>Niadtong 3 Oktubre 2014 ilang gipagawas ang ilang CD '' Ik zei ja '' sa Amsterdams Jazz Amsterdamse Academische Club Café. Ku ya 3 Ukwakira 2014, CD ya "Ik zei ja" izasohoka muri Amsterdam Jazz Café ya Amsterdamse Academische Club. <ref>[https://www.jazzhelden.nl jazzhelden.nl]</ref> Kuva mu 2015 yazengurutse inshuro nyinshi hamwe na 'Quartet ya Maynugin' muri [[Uburusiya]]. Akora kandi muri babiri hamwe numucuranga w inzogera na Frank Steijns ucuranga inanga hamwe na quartet ye.<ref>[https://www.amstelveenweb.com/nieuws-Het-Tamara-Hoekwater-Quartet-treedt-op-in-Elsrij&newsid=346494771]</ref> Kanama 2016 ntikiraboneka kuri [[Museum Het Rembrandthuis]] i Amsterdam hamwe n’icyayi n’ikawa idasanzwe.<Ref>[https://www.amsterdamsdagblad.nl/proef-nu-de-koffie-van-de-maand-bij-simon-levelt-jodenbreestraat ]</ref><ref>[https://www.amsterdamsdagblad.nl/proef-nu-de-koffie-van-de-texts-bij-simon-levelt-jodenbreestraat amsterdamsdagblad.nl]</ref><ref>[https://www.simonlevelt.nl/winkels/amsterdam-jodenbreestraat ]</ref> == Discography == === Hamwe nitsinda [[Volumia!]] === * 2001: '' Byera '' (Doble-Platinum) * 1999: '' Kanguka '' (Platinum) * 1998: '' Volumia! '' (Bulawan) * 1995: '' Bwiza, Bwiza, Bwiza !!! (Ishi) '' (Bulawan) === Album hamwe nabandi bahanzi === * 2019: '' Gusangira Shearing'' (Porofeseri & Inshuti; Ndavuga Umuziki, hamwe na Cees Hamelink, Jean Louis van Dam, Daniël Mathot, Daniel van Huffelen, Jeroen de Rijk, Nathaly Masclé, Rebecca Lobry) * 2014: ''Ik zei ja'' (Bourgondisch Combo [[UvA]], hamwe na Cees Hamelink, [[Jacques Schols]]) * 2005: ''Die Zomeravond [Deej Zomeraovend]'' (na Frans Theunisz) == Urubuga rwa interineti == * [http://www.volumia.com Urubuga rwemewe (Sony BMG)] * {{Ibiganiro}} == Ibimenyetso bya buri muntu == [[Category:Abaririmbyi ba Jazz]] [[Category:umuririmbyi wa pop]] [[Category:Ikidage]] [[Category:1972]] [[Category:Umugore]] 9one964pj01l3uholcldlsqex9sqtlm 0 9917 81329 2022-01-09T15:24:01Z Ranepa4 10522 Created page with "[[File:Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.jpg|thumb|250px|Icyicaro gikuru cya RANEPA]] '' 'RANEPA' '' ([[Ikirusiya]]: ni Ishuri rikuru rya Perezida w’Uburusiya ry’[[Uburusiya]] n’Ubutegetsi bwa Leta. Muri 2010, ANE, RAPA hamwe nandi masomo cumi nabiri yo mukarere ka serivisi zabaturage. Ishuri rikuru rya Perezida w’Uburusiya ryashinzwe bityo riba kaminuza nini mu mibereho n’ubukungu n’ubumuntu mu Burusiya. Iri shuri..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.jpg|thumb|250px|Icyicaro gikuru cya RANEPA]] '' 'RANEPA' '' ([[Ikirusiya]]: ni Ishuri rikuru rya Perezida w’Uburusiya ry’[[Uburusiya]] n’Ubutegetsi bwa Leta. Muri 2010, ANE, RAPA hamwe nandi masomo cumi nabiri yo mukarere ka serivisi zabaturage. Ishuri rikuru rya Perezida w’Uburusiya ryashinzwe bityo riba kaminuza nini mu mibereho n’ubukungu n’ubumuntu mu Burusiya. Iri shuri rigizwe n'amashami 22, rifite abanyeshuri 207.000 (2016) kandi riyobowe na Recteur Vladimir Mau. == Urubuga rwa interineti == * [https://www.ranepa.ru/eng/ Urubuga rwa RANEPA] [[Category:Kaminuza y'Uburusiya]] [[Category:Uburusiya]] [[Category:Moscou]] dldwjhds5pz3zk8tm4x9ed601eqatmo 0 9918 81330 2022-01-09T15:36:14Z Ranepa4 10522 Created page with "[[File:V_Gaidar_Forum.jpg|thumb|250px|Ibirori 2014]] '' 'Ihuriro rya Gaidar' '' ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye byabereye [[Uburusiya]] mu bucuruzi. Iki gikorwa cyiswe [[Yegor Gaidar]]. Iki gikorwa kiba buri mwaka kuva mu 2010. Aho kizabera ni [[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya]] i Moscou [[Uburusiya]]. Ibirori byari bigizwe ninama rusange, ameza azenguruka hamwe n'ibiganiro. Abayobora ni abahagarariye guverinoma y’Uburusi..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:V_Gaidar_Forum.jpg|thumb|250px|Ibirori 2014]] '' 'Ihuriro rya Gaidar' '' ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye byabereye [[Uburusiya]] mu bucuruzi. Iki gikorwa cyiswe [[Yegor Gaidar]]. Iki gikorwa kiba buri mwaka kuva mu 2010. Aho kizabera ni [[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya]] i Moscou [[Uburusiya]]. Ibirori byari bigizwe ninama rusange, ameza azenguruka hamwe n'ibiganiro. Abayobora ni abahagarariye guverinoma y’Uburusiya, abayobozi b’akarere, abayobozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga * Frenkel Yakobo * Bwana Paul Hakim * [[Björn Stenvers]] * Danica Purg * Urupapuro rwa Michael * Iñiguez de Onzoño Santiago * Richard Sorensen * Marek Belka * Charles Calomiris. == Intego n'imirimo == * Kurura intiti n'abimenyereza bakomeye kugirango baganire hamwe mubibazo byubukungu na politiki * Komeza ibiganiro byumwuga kubibazo bya politiki nubukungu * Kugaragaza inzira zingenzi nibyingenzi mubihugu ndetse no kwisi yose mubukungu na politiki * Gutegura ibyifuzo nibyifuzo byiterambere ryigihugu * Kubaka ahantu hashyizweho Uburusiya muri [[ubukungu bwisi]] == Ushinzwe gutegura == [[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya]] (RANEPA)[[Uburusiya]]'' 'Ikigo cya Gaidar gishinzwe politiki y’ubukungu' '' Ikigo cyashinzwe mu 1990 (icyo gihe `` Institute of Economic Policy in the Academy of Economics '', nyuma Institute of Economics). Ikora ubushakashatsi bwibanze kandi bukoreshwa mubice byingenzi bikurikira: ubukungu nubukungu; Iterambere nyaryo ry'ubukungu; Imyuga ya Leta; Ibibazo bijyanye no gucunga umutungo nubucuruzi; ubukungu bwa politiki; Ibibazo by'iterambere ry'akarere; politiki y’ubuhinzi; Kwiga amategeko (harimo kwiga no guteza imbere ibikorwa byemewe n'amategeko). == Ibyabaye == === 2010 === Ku ya 21-23 Mutarama, inama ya mbere kuri "Uburusiya n'isi: Ibibazo byo mu myaka icumi ishize". Impuguke zikomeye zaganiriye ku mpinduka z’ingenzi mu bukungu bw’isi mu gihe cy’imihindagurikire y’isi kandi zisesengura uburyo bw’ibanze bwo kubaho kwa Leta kandi zitanga inzira yo kuzamura ubukungu. Ibikurikira byitabiriye ibiganiro: Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere muri guverinoma y’Uburusiya, Igor Shuvalov, Minisitiri w’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu Burusiya (mu 2010) Elwira Nabiullina, Perezida akaba n’Umuyobozi mukuru wa Sberbank Herman Gref, wahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe Minisitiri wa Finlande [[Esko Aho]], umuyobozi w’ubutegetsi bwa perezida w’Uburusiya, [[Sergei Evgenyevich Naryshkin | Serge Naryshkin]]. === 2011 === Inama ya kabiri iba ku ya 16-19 Werurwe. Ibirori byazamuye insanganyamatsiko «Uburusiya n'isi: Gushakisha ingamba zo guhanga udushya». Ibice bikurikira byaganiriweho cyane cyane: ibibazo byishingiro byinzego zubukungu bushya, ibisabwa bishya mubigo bya politiki na politiki yimari bijyanye, imbogamizi ziterambere ryiterambere rya kijyambere, iterambere ryiterambere ryakarere no gushakisha iterambere ryibanze. Abitabiriye ibiganiro ni: Minisitiri w’intebe wungirije wa Guverinoma y’Uburusiya, Igor Shuvalov, Minisitiri w’Imari w’Uburusiya (muri 2011) [[Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin | Alexei Kudrin]], Umuyobozi wungirije wa Duma, Alexander Zhukov akaba n’umuyobozi w’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida w’Uburusiya, Serge Naryshkin. === 2012 === Ibirori bya gatatu byabaye ku ya 18-21 Mutarama bifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti "Uburusiya n'isi: 2012–2020". Ikiganiro cy’impuguke cyibanze ku kuvugurura «Ingamba z’iterambere ry’Uburusiya n’Ubukungu muri 2020». Hano hari ibihumbi bibiri by'Abarusiya n'abanyamahanga. Impuguke zirimo Minisitiri w’iterambere ry’ubukungu w’Uburusiya (muri 2012) Elwira Nabiullina, Minisitiri w’iterambere ry’akarere (muri 2012) Viktor Bassargin, Perezida akaba n’umuyobozi w’inama y’ubuyobozi ya Sberbank Rossii, Herman Gref, Visi Perezida wa Banki y'Isi ishinzwe Uburayi na Aziya yo hagati Philip Le Wairua. === 2013 === Ibirori bya kane byabaye ku ya 16-19 Mutarama, bifite insanganyamatsiko «Uburusiya n'isi: Ibibazo byo Kwishyira hamwe», insanganyamatsiko nyamukuru yari ikibazo cy’ubukungu bw’Uburusiya mu kwinjiza gahunda y’ubukungu bw’isi, kuzamura imiterere y’ubucuruzi. mu Burusiya hamwe n’ubukungu bw’isosiyete y’Uburusiya ku masoko y’amahanga. Impuguke zirenga 250 zaturutse mu bihugu 38 zakoze. Umwanya wibirori wasuwe nabantu barenga 3500. Kwitabira ihuriro [[Robert Mundell]], Umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’iterambere rya Banki y'Isi, Hans Timmer, Visi Perezida wa Banki y'Isi [[Otaviano Canuto]], Umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi, Pascal Lamy, Umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Banki y'Isi, Augusto Lopez-Claros, Umunyamabanga mukuru wa OECD Angel Gurria. Ibirori byafunguwe na Minisitiri w’intebe w’Uburusiya [[Dmitri Anatolyevich Medvedev]]. Afatanije n’abagize guverinoma y’Uburusiya, abayobozi b’ibihugu by’ubutegetsi, bayobora ubukungu bw’Uburusiya n’amahanga, abakozi b’umuco bakurikira bitabiriye iyo nama: Perezida wa Fondasiyo "Televiziyo y’Uburusiya", uhagarariye bidasanzwe Perezida wa Federasiyo y’Uburusiya ku bibazo. y'ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu muco Mikhail Schwydkoi, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubuhanzi akaba n'umuyobozi w'ikinamico ya Estrade i Moscou n'umuhanzi w'abaturage bo mu Burusiya Gennady Khazanov. Igitaramo cyatsindiye '' Ibihembo bya Moscou Times ''. Ku ya 10 Ugushyingo 2013, Nyiricyubahiro [[Vladimir Posner]] yashyikirije igihembo umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuri ry’ubukungu n’imirimo ya Leta y’Uburusiya iyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya [[Vladimir Alexandrovich Mau | Vladimir Mau]]. === 2014 === Ibirori bya gatanu biraba ku ya 15-18 Mutarama. Insanganyamatsiko ni "Uburusiya n'isi: Iterambere rirambye". Minisitiri w’intebe w’Uburusiya D.A. Medvedev, minisitiri w’intebe wungirije wa mbere muri guverinoma y’Uburusiya, [[Igor Ivanovich Shuvalov | Igor Shuvalov]], Minisitiri w’iterambere ry’ubukungu w’Uburusiya Alexei Ulyukayev, Minisitiri w’imari w’Uburusiya Anton Siluanov bari bahari. Muri iryo huriro, Perezida wa kaminuza y’ubukungu, Luigi Bocconi, Senateri w’ubuzima, Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubutaliyani muri 2011–2013, Mario Monti; Umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’ubufatanye n’ubukungu n’iterambere (OECD) Angel Gurria; Perezida wa Repubulika ya Ceki kuva 2003–2013, Václav Klaus; Visi Perezida wa Banki y'Isi ishinzwe Kuramba [[Rachel Kyte]]; Umuyobozi J.P. Morgan Kwirukana Mpuzamahanga [[Jacob A. Frenkel | Jacob Frenkel]]; Jeffrey Sachs, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'isi muri kaminuza ya Columbia. === 2015 === Kuva ku ya 14 kugeza ku ya 16 Mutarama, ibirori byiswe "Uburusiya n'isi: Vector nshya." Ingingo nyamukuru ni ibibazo byubukungu ninzira nyamukuru yiterambere ryubukungu bwisi. Ibibazo byingenzi nibibazo byumwihariko kubijyanye n’imibare n’abimukira muri iki gihe, politiki y’imari n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa nkumukinnyi ukomeye ku rwego rwisi. Urwego nyarwo rw'ubukungu bw'Uburusiya n'ibibazo by'iterambere ryarwo biraganirwaho. Kimwe mu biganiro biheruka kuganirwaho ni ikiganiro kijyanye n’ubukungu bw’Uburusiya mu gihe cyo gufatirwa ibihano no kugabanuka kw’ibiciro bya peteroli, cyane cyane, kuganira ku bibazo biri mu rwego rwa peteroli na gaze, kwinjiza ubuhinzi mu biribwa, the Ubufatanye mu bukungu bwa Aziya no gushakisha ibitekerezo bishya mu gushaka abakozi no gucunga politiki y’ifaranga. Muri 2015, abantu 5.703 bitabiriye ibirori. Umubare w'abitabiriye wiyongereyeho 20% muri 2015 ugereranije na 2014, naho muri 2014 hari abashyitsi 4.765. === 2016 === Insanganyamatsiko ya 2016 ni "Uburusiya n'isi: Reba ahazaza". Ibirori bizatangira ku ya 13 kugeza 15 Mutarama. Abashyitsi barenga 13.700, 817 muri bo bakaba bari abanyamahanga, bitabiriye ibirori (19% kurusha umwaka ushize). Ku ya 18 Mutarama, ibinyamakuru bisaga 10,000 byasohotse mu bitangazamakuru. Mu bitabiriye iryo huriro harimo abahagarariye Guverinoma y’Uburusiya na Duma bakurikira: * Minisitiri w’intebe w’Uburusiya [[Dmitri Anatolyevich Medvedev | Dmitri Medvedev]]; * Umuyobozi w'Ubuyobozi bwa Perezida w'Uburusiya n'Inama y'Ubugenzuzi y'Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Uburusiya riyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya [[Sergei Evgenyevich Naryshkin | Serge Naryshkin]]; * Minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere muri guverinoma y’Uburusiya [[Igor Ivanovich Shuvalov | Igor Shuvalov]]; * Umuyobozi wa komite ya Duma y’Uburusiya ishinzwe amategeko n’ubwubatsi bwa Leta Vladimir Pligin; * Umuyobozi wa komite ya Duma y’Uburusiya ku ngengo y’imari n’imisoro [[Andrei Olegowitsch Makarow | Andrei Makarow]]; * Minisitiri w’imari w’Uburusiya [[Anton Germanowitsch Siluanow]]; * Minisitiri w’iterambere ry’ubukungu w’Uburusiya [[Alexei Walentinowitsch Ulyukayev | Alexei Ulyukayev]]; * Minisitiri w’inganda n’ubucuruzi [[Denis Walentinowitsch Manturow | Denis Manturow]]; * Minisitiri w’ubwikorezi w’Uburusiya Maxim Sokolov; * Minisitiri w’ingufu muri Federasiyo y’Uburusiya Alexander Nowak; * Minisitiri w’ubuzima w’Uburusiya Veronika Skvorzova; * Minisitiri w’Uburusiya Mikhail Abisov; * Minisitiri w’ibikorwa bya Caucase y’amajyaruguru y’Uburusiya Lev Kuznetsov; * Minisitiri w’Uburusiya ushinzwe iterambere ry’iburasirazuba bwa kure Alexander Galushka n'abandi Byongeye kandi, abayobozi 18 bo mu Burusiya bitabiriye ibirori. Abayobozi bakuru 37 bo mu masosiyete y’amahanga n’Uburusiya bitabiriye. Impaka n’ibiganiro 79, ibiganiro bya tekiniki 622 byabereye mu ihuriro, bikubiyemo ibitekerezo byose ku iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu by’igihugu. Ubusanzwe, abahanga benshi b'abanyamahanga bitabiriye: abarimu 69 b'abanyamahanga na abadipolomate 174. Mu bashyitsi b'icyubahiro muri iryo huriro harimo Perezida w'Ubugereki [[Prokopis Pavlopoulos]]. Umuyobozi mukuru w’ishuri ry’ubukungu n’Uburusiya kuri Perezida w’Uburusiya, [[Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Mau | Vladimir Mau]], yatanze impamyabumenyi nka mwarimu wicyubahiro wa Academy ya Leta namategeko. Iyi mpamyabumenyi yatanzwe mu kiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo "Uruhare rw'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu bukungu", iyobowe n'Umuyobozi w'Ubuyobozi bw'Uburusiya, Serge Naryshkin. == Urubuga ruhuza == * [http://www.ranepa.ru/eng/ubushakashatsi-academy/gaidar-forum Urugo (Forum)] * [http://www.iep.ru/en.html Ikigo cya Gaidar Institute of Economic Policy] * [http://www.gaidarforum.ru/en/2017/monitoring/ Ihuriro ryo gukurikirana itangazamakuru 2011-2015] * [https://sputniknews.com/politiki/20160112/1032988412/kremlin-russia-greece-meeting.html] * [https://sputniknews.com/business/20160113/1033040056/oil-prices-falling.html Menteri keuangan Rusia memperkirakan penurunan harga minyak lebih lanjut] * [https://sputniknews.com/world/20160113/1033048267/medvedev-sanctions-russia-authority-wto.html Medvedev: Sanksi Anti-Rusia Merusak Institusi Internasional Seperti WTO] * [https://sputniknews.com/world/20160113/1033070125/eu-russia-trade-partners-sanctions-envoy.html UE, Rusia Tetap Menjadi Mitra Terlepas dari Sanksi - Utusan UE] == Ibimenyetso bya buri muntu == [[Category:Ubukungu (Uburusiya)]] [[Category:Hashyizweho 2010]] [[Category:Ibyabaye (Moscou)]] [[Category:Hashyizweho 1990]] [[Category:Ibigo by'ubushakashatsi mu Burusiya]] 8is11fb86gz59g0yzej8v9lvwyq12ab 0 9919 81332 81331 2022-01-09T15:56:18Z Ranepa4 10522 wikitext text/x-wiki '' 'Fondation Eye Care Foundation' '' ('' ECF '') ni umuryango mpuzamahanga utabara imbabare ukorera mu bihugu birenga 20 byo muri [[Aziya]]<ref>[https://guardian.ng/news/africas-first-rotary-eye-hospital-nearing-completion-in-lagos/ Africa's Rumah Sakit Mata Rotary pertama hampir selesai di Lagos] The Guardian.ng (6 Sep 2017). Diakses pada 04 Mei 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/free-health-mission-8-month-old-aged-regain-sight/ 8-month old , tua, penglihatan kembali] VanGuardngr.com (18 April 2018). Diakses pada 05 Mei 2018.</ref> ECF yashinzwe igihe '' Eyecare Worldwide '' na '' Abaganga b'amaso ya Mekong '' yahujwe [[2008]]. <ref>[https://beta.volkskrant.nl/economie/instellingen-ooghulp-slaan-handen-ineen~b326b9b2 / Instellingen ooghulp slaan handen ineen] Volkskrant.nl (25 Juli 2008). Diakses pada 05 Mei 2018.</ref> Amashyirahamwe yombi yasangiye intego kandi akorana nkuko umusingi uriho wagaragaye ko ari mwiza. [[CEO]] wa ECF ni [[Björn Stenvers]]. == Amateka == Eyecare Worldwide (1984) yashinzwe na [[] umuganga] [[ijisho] umuganga] [w’Ubuholandi]] wagize ingaruka ku kibazo cy’abantu benshi bahumye. Bashobora gukira cyangwa no gukumirwa. Abaganga b'amaso ya Mekong (1993) yashinzwe n’umuhanga mu binyabuzima w’Ubuholandi nyuma yo kuba muri Tayilande [Tayilande | Tayilande] akora ubushakashatsi [[]]. Eye Foundation ishyigikira imishinga yo muri [[Kambodiya]], [[Lawosi‎]], [[Nepali‎]], [[Tanzaniya]][na] [[Viyetinamu‎]] mu rwego rwo gukumira no gukiza ubumuga bwo kutabona no kutabona. Kwiyegurira Imana bifasha kandi abantu badashoboye kwitabwaho neza kandi badashobora kwivuza amaso nkamaso cyangwa kubaga amaso. Fondation Eye Care ifite ibiro n'ibitaro muri Himalaya, [[Nepali‎]], Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo ya Aziya ([[Viyetinamu‎]]),<ref>[https://www.sc.com/global/av/eye-care-programme.pdf Standard Chartered memperluas program perawatan mata ke tambahan 2,2 juta orang di [[Viyetinamu‎]]]</ref> [[Kambodiya]], [[Lawosi‎]]) na [[Afurika]] ([[Tanzaniya]], [[Rwanda]]).<ref>[https://www.northwestsignal.net/news/article_a9e07fdf-5218-5517-befd-d90dd5f229a8.html Local Lions Club belajar tentang Eye Care Foundation] Northwest Signal.net]</ref> [[Toine van Peperstraten]] adalah Ambassador untuk Eye Care Foundation.<ref>[https://nederlandsmedianieuws.nl/TV-en-Video/tv-en-video-nieuws/Toine-van-Peperstraten-zet-zich-in-voor-Eye-Care-Foundation/ ]</ref> == Igihugu gikora == === [[Tanzaniya]] === ECF ishyigikira ikigo nderabuzima cya gikirisitu cya Kilimanjaro (KCMC) ishami ryubuzima bwamaso <ref>[https://www.kcmc.ac.tz/Services/eye.php kcmc.ac.tz]</ref> kuva [2009]] kandi ifite ibiro muri [[Tanzaniya]] kuva [[2018]]. <ref>[https://www.iapb.org/about/news/eye-care-foundation-activities-in- tanzania/ ]</ref> === [[Kambodiya]]=== Fondasiyo yatanze inkunga yo kwita kumaso muri [[Kambodiya]]kuva 1997, kugirango ifashe abatishoboye mubukungu n'imibereho myiza. ECF igamije kubaka umuyoboro uhamye wo kwita kumaso no gutanga ubuvuzi buhendutse bushyira amashami meza yo kwita kumaso mubitaro byaho. ubufatanye na serivisi z'ubuzima zo mu karere muri leta za Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Svay Rieng, Tbong Khmum, Preah Vihear, Oddar Meanchey na Pailin. ECF yatangije serivisi zita kumaso kumatsinda nkabantu bake, ababana nubumuga, nabagore nabana.<ref>[https://www.ccc-cambodia.org/en/ngodb/ngo-information/325 ccc-cambodia.org ]</ref> === [[Lawosi‎]]=== ECF yasuye [[Lawosi‎]] ku nshuro ya mbere mu 2007, itangiza imishinga muri leta ya Xieng Khouang na Houa Phanh mu mwaka wa 2011. Hatanzwe ubufasha muri utwo turere kugira ngo hongerwe ireme no kuvura amaso. Muri 2018, hafunguwe ibiro by’ubuhinzi muri [[Lawosi‎]]. Inzobere ebyiri z’amaso zarangije gutura kwa Othalmology maze batangira imirimo yabo ku mishinga yo muri leta za Houaphan na Saysomboun. Kuri Sayomboun, hashyizweho ishami rishya ryita kumaso kandi ritegurwa. Umwaka- raporo-2016.pdf | url-status = live}} </ref> === [[Nepali‎]] === ECF ishyigikira ibitaro bibiri bikomeye muri [[Nepali‎]]; kuri Match na Pokhara. ECF ishyigikira gahunda zubuzima bwamaso muri Gandaki, Dhaulagiri, Imikino, Gorkha na Karnali. Ibiro bya [[Nepali‎]]byafunguwe mu 1988. <ref> {{Tanga urubuga | umutwe = Ibitaro by'amaso bya Himalaya | url = http: //heh.org.np/ | kwinjira-itariki = 2021-05-06 | ururimi = en-US}} </ref> === [[Viyetinamu‎]]=== ECF yagiye itera inkunga amaso muri [[Viyetinamu‎]]kuva mu 1993. Mbere, fondasiyo yagize uruhare mu gutegura ingando z’amaso ziyobowe n’ubuvuzi bw’amaso n’abaforomo bo mu Buholandi, zifasha kuvura abarwayi benshi ba cataracte bishoboka. ECF yashyizeho Centre 2 za Vision muri Vinh Long na Dong Thap, ku nkunga y'abaterankunga, kandi yongeraho 16 hamwe na Vision Centre hamwe n’inkunga yihariye mu karere ka Mekong Delta. Ibiro bya [[Viyetinamu‎]]muri Ho Chi City Minh byafunguwe muri 2008. == Marejeo == * ''Umunsi mubuzima bwa Leyla & Ray.'' ECF: [[Rwanda]]/ [[Tanzaniya]], 2021, ISBN 978-9090-355048 * ''A day in the life of Hy & Ry.'' Eye Care Foundation (ECF): [[Saigon]], 2021, ISBN 978-9090-355047 * ''Mission Eye Care.'' Johan Enschede Amsterdam (JEA): Amsterdam, 2019, ISBN 978-9-0830-14029. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.eyecarefoundation.eu/ official] ==Tanbihi== [[Category:Mashirika ya kimataifa]] [[Category:Afurika]] [[Category:Tanzaniya]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Aziya]] [[Category:Kambodiya]] [[Category:Lawosi‎]] [[Category:Nepali‎]] [[Category:Viyetinamu‎]] tuye8308xep2q49akk3rfkjn9jro5te 0 9920 81334 81333 2022-01-09T22:02:01Z Ranepa4 10522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ikirango cya Oberkappel.svg|thumb|250px|Oberkappel]] [[File:Schöffgattern.JPG|thumb|250px|Jagdschloss Schöffgattern]] [[File:Oberkappel Pfarrkirche - Altarraum Fresco 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Fresco]] '' 'Oberkappel' '' ni komine muri [[Otirishiya]] se [[leta]] [[Otirishiya yo hejuru]], iherereye mu karere [[Rohrbach (akarere) | Rohrbach]] (RO). Komine ifite abaturage bagera kuri 800. == Uburinganire == Oberkappel ifite ubuso bwa 12 km². Komine iherereye mu ntara ya ruguru ya Otirishiya, mu buraruko bwa Otirishiya. Imipaka yombi na [[Ubudage]] hamwe na [[Repubulika ya Ceki]] iri hafi. == Imikino n'imyidagaduro == Inzira yo kugenda yu Burayi [[inzira yo kugenda E8 | E8]] na [[inzira yo kugenda E10 | E10]] inyura aha hantu. E8 iva muri Irilande ikanyura mu bindi, mu Buholandi (bita [[Oeverloperpad]] na [[Lingepad]] mu Buholandi) ikanyura mu Budage, mu majyaruguru ya Otirishiya no muri Silovakiya kugera ku mipaka ya Polonye na Ukraine, kandi ikubiyemo ibice muri Bulugariya, hamwe nintego zizaza [[Istanbul]] muri Turukiya. E10 ikomoka muri Lapland ikanyura muri Finlande, ahahoze GDR, Repubulika ya Ceki na Otirishiya kugera Bozen / Bolzano mu majyaruguru y'Ubutaliyani; Hariho gahunda yo kwagura inzira inyura mubufaransa no muburasirazuba bwa Espagne kugera Gibraltar. == Amateka == Aha hantu hambere muri Hochstift [[Passau (umujyi) | Passau]]. Dukurikije igitabo cy’ubutaka cya Rannariedl mu 1581, Oberkappel yashyizwe muri paruwasi ya [[Wegscheid (Lower Bavaria) | Wegscheid]]. Muri [1783]] iyi paruwasi yigenga nka paruwasi. Mu gihe cyo kwishyira ukizana kwa 1803, igihugu gifite igice kinini cya Hochstiftischen cyaguye kuri Archduke Ferdinand wa Tuscany n'abamutoye [[Salzburg (umujyi) | Salzburg]]. Nyuma yaje kugera i Bavariya mu 1805. Oberkappel yari muri Otirishiya yo hejuru kuva mu 1814 kandi kuva icyo gihe yari umujyi uhana imbibi na [Bavariya]. Otirishiya imaze kwigarurira Ingoma y'Ubudage mu 1938, yabaye umutungo wa Gau [[Oberdonau]]. Mugihe cya [[Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose]] Oberkappel niho ingabo zunze ubumwe zinjiye bwa mbere kubutaka bwa Otirishiya. Nyuma ya 1945, gusana Australiya yo haruguru byarabaye. Uyu munsi Oberkappel numujyi muto wubukerarugendo. == Icyamamare Oberkappeller == * [[Franz R. Friedl]] (1892-1977), uwahimbye [[Category:Otirishiya]] [[Category:Otirishiya yo hejuru]] [[Category:Otirishiya-Hongiriya]] [[Category:Ibihugu muri Otirishiya]] hp703tdjfx8x3fzu29mwemql6n14zur 0 9921 81335 2022-01-09T22:04:39Z Ranepa4 10522 Created page with "A '' 'uwahimbye firime' '', na none '' 'uwahimbye umuziki wa firime' '', ni [[uwahimbye]], ku bufatanye bwa hafi na [[umuyobozi wa firime]] na / cyangwa [[producer wa firime | producer]], [[Umuziki wa Firime]] ya firime cyangwa televiziyo, cyane cyane mubice bya [[nyuma yumusaruro]]. Igihembo cya firime cyingenzi cyane ni [[Oscar | Igihembo cya Academy]] (Oscar) kuri [[Oscar / Umuziki wa Filime Nziza | Umuziki wa Filime Nziza]] ("Amanota Yumwimerere"). Inkomoko yuwahimb..." wikitext text/x-wiki A '' 'uwahimbye firime' '', na none '' 'uwahimbye umuziki wa firime' '', ni [[uwahimbye]], ku bufatanye bwa hafi na [[umuyobozi wa firime]] na / cyangwa [[producer wa firime | producer]], [[Umuziki wa Firime]] ya firime cyangwa televiziyo, cyane cyane mubice bya [[nyuma yumusaruro]]. Igihembo cya firime cyingenzi cyane ni [[Oscar | Igihembo cya Academy]] (Oscar) kuri [[Oscar / Umuziki wa Filime Nziza | Umuziki wa Filime Nziza]] ("Amanota Yumwimerere"). Inkomoko yuwahimbye firime iri mu ntangiriro ya [[amateka ya firime]], mugihe [[film icecekeye]] e yari iherekejwe na [[piyano]] kandi abahimbyi ba mbere ba firime bakoresheje umuziki byumwihariko nka piyano kuri piyano. cyangwa nk '[[amanota]] yanditse kuri orchestre. Nyuma yo kuza kwa [[firime y'amajwi]] ni bwo umuziki wa firime wafashwe amajwi muri studio. hh5b30bgshy3z6n9iolbnhldzch39nh 0 9922 81339 81337 2022-01-11T16:56:15Z ShoppingMallsKigali 10531 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali '''Kigali'''] Mu buryo budashidikanywaho biherereye mu cyerekezo cy’u Rwanda, Kigali agera hakurya y’imisozi miremire, hamwe n’umuhanda munini uhuza ibisigaye mu gihugu. Umurwa mukuru wuzuye utuje biratuje ariko birakomeye kandi biringaniye, hamwe nabantu barenga gato 1.000.000. Abashyitsi bwa mbere gutaka no kwibanda cyane bahora batanga ibitekerezo byukuntu umuhanda usukuye, ikibazo cyicyubahiro muri buri gace kanyuze mugihugu. Muri rusange Kigali ni umujyi mushya. Yashinzwe nka sitasiyo yubuyobozi mu 1907, ihinduka umurwa mukuru wigihugu mu bwigenge mu 1962, yimukira ahitwa Huye. Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi ryibiti bitondekanye nibiti hamwe na kare byuzuye birinzwe kugenda, aho abirukanwa usanga igice kinini cyanyujijwe kubikoresho byabo usibye niba bakeneye ubufasha, muribwo bazakirwa neza mubaturanyi. Hano haribintu byagutse byubukorikori, nkumubare witerambere uhitamo kurya hanze no kugira ibinyobwa bibiri, byinshi hamwe no gushuka ibintu byose bikubiyemo. Umudugudu wumuco wa Kigali utanga umwanya wihariye kubanyabukorikori hafi n’abagurisha ibiryo kugirango berekane kandi bahana ibicuruzwa byabo. Kigali ikura vuba, hamwe na santeri nshya zubucuruzi, ahakorerwa ubucuruzi hamwe na salle yo hejuru yateranirizwagamo ikora muburyo bwingoro yumwami yumunsi wa kera, imurikira ikirere nijoro kuri kamwe mubantu benshi. [https://masterpiece-rwanda.business.site/ '''Masterpiece Mall'''] Ku ikubitiro izwi nka SAR Motors muri Kigali, uyumunsi ni u Rwanda rugezweho, inzu yubucuruzi yakira imiryango. Baraguha hejuru yumurongo udasanzwe wo kugurisha, ibiryo, ibiryo, ikawa, inzu itangaje irekura piazza, isoko ryijoro bityo cyane cyane! Ngwino hano hamwe n'inshuti n'umuryango wawe, abasangirangendo, abafatanyabikorwa kandi udashaka kandi musangire muburambe bwa Masterpiece! Uru ruganda ni rwiza kubatuye mu turere twa Kicukiro, Kabeza, Kimironko, Kanombe! Agace: KN 5 Rd, Kigali '''Kigali Heights''' Ikibanza cyiterambere cya Kigali giherereye imbere yakarere ka Kimihurura. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Sub Area cyerekana Agace ka Kimihurura nk 'igice cya kabiri kiri imbere muri kamwe mu turere twahinduwe cyane na Kigali kandi kazengurutswe nibice byingenzi bihari kandi byateganijwe. Uzakurikirana amaduka, cafe, nububiko rusange. Agace: KG 7 Ave ''' M Peace Plaza''' M. Harmony Plaza ni ugukata ibintu byose muburyo bumwe hamwe nu bicuruzwa, umwanya wibiro hamwe nudukingirizo twa premium. M.Peace Plaza itanga urwego rwo hejuru, umwanya wibiro, amasoko yo kwidagadura. Urashobora kubaho, gukora, guhaha no kudindiza muri M.Peace Plaza. Agace: KN 4 Ave, Kigali CHIC Shopping Center Inyubako ya Stylish ninyubako nini yubucuruzi iherereye mumujyi rwagati. Ntibisanzwe kandi byumunsi, urashobora kubona hafi ya byose kugirango wuzuze ibyo ukeneye. Witegure rero gushima ibiryo hamwe na buri kimwe cya gastronomi, amaduka, amazu yimyenda, ibikoresho byo murugo ndetse nakazi kakazi! Agace: KN 2 Ave, Kigali '''MIC Shopping Mall''' Igice cyabantu ku giti cyabo bafata MIC y'Ubucuruzi ya MIC nkikigo cyiza cyubucuruzi cyumujyi kubijyanye nimyambarire. Shakisha byongeye ubwinshi bwamaduka. Agace: KN 2 Ave, Kigali '''Grand Pension Plaza''' Stupendous Pension Plaza ni umucuruzi ukorera muri Kigali. Pansiyo iteye ubwoba i Nyarugenge, hafi yubumwe bwubucuruzi. Ahantu heza cyane guhaha! Agace: 2 KN 3 Ave, Kigali '''Tropical Plaza''' Tropical Plaza ni inyubako yubucuruzi iherereye mumujyi wa Kigali ituranye na parike itwara abantu kandi ikikijwe nimiryango myinshi itandukanye. Ni ahantu heza kububiko, aho bakorera, ububiko rusange, resitora, nibindi. Agace: KN 82 St, Kigali '''Kigali Shopping''' Gura no Kugurisha muri platform [[https://kigalishopping.com/|Kigali Shopping]]. Ni isoko rizwi cyane mu Rwanda Itanga amatangazo atandukanye yo gukodesha no guhana, kugura inzu, imodoka, ikibanza nibindi bitangaje. emrqsjgikphkj5qt87bmw10tyom2qft 0 9925 81382 2022-01-26T12:02:52Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article Kaminuza ya Kigali (UoK) wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza ya Kigali (UoK) ni kaminuza yemewe kandi yemewe na leta yu Rwanda. UoK yatangiye ibikorwa byayo mu Kwakira 2013. 8fak0pn870sksz2syd00wwwow0i4mh9 0 9926 82092 82091 2022-02-19T10:06:39Z Giraffer 10666 Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/81.161.48.252|81.161.48.252]] ([[User talk:81.161.48.252|talk]]) to last version by Badelphine wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA) izwi cyane mururimi rw'i Gifaransa nka Universite Adventiste d'Afrique Central ni ikigo cya badventiste b'umunsi wa karindwi cy'amashuri makuru hafi giherereye mumugi wa Kigali, mu Rwanda. 026o0f4oevyryfo7hdmq7upkz7i92rq 0 9927 81384 2022-01-26T12:12:28Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - African Leadership University(ALU) wikitext text/x-wiki African Leadership University(ALU) ni Kaminuza nyafurika ikaba n' ihuriro ryibigo bya kaminuza bifite ibikorwa muri Maurice ndetse nu Rwanda bitanga impamyabumenyi ihanitse. ALU ifite intego yo guteza imbere miriyoni 3 zabayobozi bashinzwe imyitwarire no kwihangira imirimo muri Afrika ndetse nisi yose muri 2035. Ikoresha uburyo bwihariye, butwarwa nabanyeshuri, bushingiye kumushinga, hamwe nubutumwa bushingiye kubutumwa bwo gukora abiga,bigendanye nuko isi ihinduka. Inshingano zayo ni ukubaka ibigo 25 ku mugabane wa Afurika no kugira byibuze abayobozi miliyoni 3 burubyiruko bo muri Afurika mu myaka 50 iri imbere, mu guha abanyeshuri ubumenyi bujyanye n’isi uko igenda itera imbere. k92l1poa7jozcbe3u9cnr8ajlju0za6 0 9928 81385 2022-01-26T12:15:52Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - Akilah Institute wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigo cya Akilah ni ishuri ridaharanira inyungu ku bagore ribarizwa muri Kigali, mu Rwanda. Niyo kaminuza yambere kubagore mugihugu. Ni ikigo gitanga impamyabumenyi yimyaka itatu yo kwihangira imirimo, gucunga neza abashyitsi, hamwe na sisitemu yamakuru. Akilah yemerewe gukora byemewe na mategeko binyuze muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi mu Rwanda. s1ctqdf0k9q4hengmxs96j1b8q36j81 0 9929 81386 2022-01-26T12:29:24Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - INES Ruhengeri wikitext text/x-wiki INES Ruhengeri ni kaminuza izwi cyane kwizina ry' igifaransa rya Institut D'enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri ikaba ari kaminuza y’ubushakashatsi yigenga mu Rwanda. Yashinzwe ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2003. Iherereye mu mujyi wa Ruhengeri. Muri 2019, kaminuza yatangiye ubufatanye bwimyaka itanu na kaminuza ya tekinike ya Bingen yubumenyi ngiro mu bushakashatsi no kunoza imikorere y’ubuhinzi muri ako karere. twc75b3tutyq2ji0d4sgngkns20sqfh 0 9930 81387 2022-01-26T12:33:12Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - Université Libre de Kigali, ULK wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali izwi cyane kwizina ry'igifaransa rya Université Libre de Kigali cyangwa ULK iherereye mumujyi wa Kigali mu Rwanda, ni Ishuri ryigenga rikaba rimwe mumashuri makuru azwi cyane mu Rwnada, ryashinzwe ku ya 15 Werurwe 1996 kandi rigengwa n’Itegeko No 27/2013 ryo ku wa 24/5/2013 rigenga ishyirahamwe n'imikorere, y'Amashuri Makuru mu Rwanda, Itegeko No 13/2009 rigenga Umurimo mu Rwanda, Iteka rya Perezida No 51/01 ryo ku ya 13/7/2010 rishyiraho ubuziranenge mu mashuri makuru. bx6omakgiu673efdgnu2ekvoapbuebl 0 9931 81838 81837 2022-02-01T15:52:25Z Puerta25 10599 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya (MKU) ni ikigo cyigenga, ikigo-kinini, gikodeshwa na ISO 9001: 2015 Yemejwe <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/billow-kerrow/article/2000027027/mt-kenya-university-to-receive-charter</ref> muri Kenya. Yashinzwe na Prof. Simon N. Gicharu. MKU ni imwe muri kaminuza nini zigenga mu gihugu cyu rwanda. igitecyerezo cyo gushinga kaminuza cya tangiye 1996[[File:Mount Kenya University, Nakuru.jpg|thumb|Mount Kenya University, Nakuru]] == UMWIHARIKO == MUMWAKA 2005 Ikigo cyabaye icyambere cyigenga muri [[kenya]] cyemerewe gutanga amahugurwa kubahanga mubya farumasi ikigo cy'imiti cya minisiteri yubuzima.<ref>https://www.mku.ac.ke/our-history/</ref> Mount kenya ni kaminuza yemerera abanyeshuri biyishyurira nabishyurirwa na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|leta]] cyangwa ibigo byigenga. mu mwaka 2009 kaminuza ya mount kenya yatangije ishuri ryubumenyi mboneza mubano ry'arimo ishami ry[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|'uburezi]] hamwe n'abanyeshuri ba dipolome makumyabiri n'umunani(28). na Bachulor's of Education. muri Mutarama 2010 hashyizweho ushuri ry'uburezi [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Mount kenya.]] == Amasomo Aboneka Muri mount Kenya == impamya bumenyi y'ubucuruzi Impamya Bumenyi ya siyanse mu ikorana buhanga ni tumanaho <ref>https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/20-mount-kenya-university-rwanda.aspx</ref> == Amakuru arambuye == gush01vb00xhl3sm9hk6d7e2zmpcpdx 0 9932 81389 2022-01-26T13:26:36Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - Carnegie Mellon University,CMU wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon izwi kwizina rya CMU ni ikigo kimwe muzigize kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon ibarizwa i Kigali, mu Rwanda.<ref>https://qz.com/africa/1658920/stanford-carnegie-mellon-columbia-grow-their-presence-in-africa/</ref> Iyi kaminuza yatangijwe mu 2011 na Perezida w’u Rwanda Paul Kagame. Umuhango wo gutangiza kaminuza kandi ukaba wariwitabiriwe na Farnam Jahanian, perezida wa CMU.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-launches-new-cmu-africa-campus-lauds-diversity-students </ref> e8cq48nr2tb7f4pyux9ldk28j2iikp1 0 9933 81390 2022-01-26T13:38:50Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine(CAVM) wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo (CAVM) ni rimwe muri kaminuza 6 zo muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UR) ryashyizweho mu 2013 n’itegeko n ° 38 ryo ku ya 23/09/2013. Iri shuri ryashyizweho rigamije guteza imbere ubumenyi, guteza imbere kwigisha nubushakashatsi, no gufasha sosiyete nyarwanda kuvumbura ibisubizo bishya kugirango bikemure ibibazo byingutu.<ref>https://cavm.ur.ac.rw/</ref> ehskzmugmn85i7zen56ckhq649svo3i 0 9934 81391 2022-01-26T13:50:37Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Arts and Social Sciences,CASS wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukorikori n’Ubumenyi rusange bw’imibereho (CASS) ni rimwe muri kaminuza esheshatu (6) zo muri kaminuza yu Rwanda (UR).<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/college-of-arts-and-social-sciences-cass-university-of-rwanda-ur/</ref> Iyi kaminuza ikaba yarashinzwe mu 2013 nkuko bigaragazwa mu itegeko no38 ryo ku wa 23/09/2013).<ref>https://applyintake.net/ur-college-of-arts-and-social-sciences-cass-history/</ref> Icyicaro gikuru cya CASS giherereye mumajyepfo y'u Rwanda mu kigo cya Huye ariko gikorera mu bigo bitandatu (Huye, Gikondo, Remera, Gako, Musanze na Nyakinama), kandi gifite abakozi bo mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ururimi ku bigo byose bya kaminuza y'u Rwanda. CASS igizwe n'amashuri ane (Ishuri ry'ubuhanzi n'indimi, ishuri ry'itangazamakuru n'itumanaho, ishuri ry'imiyoborere n'ishuri ry'amategeko), ibigo bine (Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ururimi (CLE), Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku buringanire (CGS), Ikigo cyo Gukemura amakimbirane (CCM), hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe ubufasha mu by'amategeko (CLAM) na Radio yitwa Radio Salus. m3brt8bbtb9el1d6ox5dzl2u35yygep 0 9935 81392 2022-01-26T14:02:24Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Business and Economics,CBE wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi n’Ubukungu(CBE) ryashyizweho ku mugaragaro mu rwego rwa kaminuza y’u Rwanda ku itegeko 38 ryo ku ya 23/09/2013. Ryahoze ari Ishuri ry’Imari n’amabanki ariko ubu akaba yarahujwe mu rwego rwa kaminuza yu Rwanda (UR).<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/college-of-business-and-economics-cbe/</ref> Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi n’Ubukungu (CBE) ni rimwe muri kaminuza esheshatu zigizwe na kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ikigo cy’amashuri makuru ya Leta yo mu Rwanda, cyashyizweho n’amategeko NO 71/2013 ryo ku ya 10fO9 / 2O3 kandi kigena inshingano, ububasha, imitunganyirize n’imikorere. CBE ifite ibigo bine byingenzi birimo Gikondo, Huye, Nyagatare na Rusizi. CBE ni ikigo cyihariye mu bucuruzi, mu bukungu, mu bukerarugendo no mu kwakira abashyitsi.<ref>https://cbe.ur.ac.rw/Overview</ref> obfb6zinl1sc9qrcn5invyouowra4oo 0 9936 81393 2022-01-26T14:14:43Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Education (UR-CE) wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza y'u Rwanda-Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi (UR-CE) ni imwe muri kaminuza esheshatu zigize kaminuza y'u Rwanda. UR-CE yashinzwe muri 2013. <ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/college-of-education-ce-ur/</ref>Ikaba yarashyizweho hagamijwe guhindura neza imiterere yiterambere ryabakozi cyane cyane mubijyanye numwuga w'uburezi.<ref>https://ce.ur.ac.rw/</ref> gsweu1p66y9aaew7nv05gt8pvi0rn1n 0 9937 81394 2022-01-26T14:25:35Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Medicine and Health Sciences (CMHS) wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima ni rimwe mumashuri atandatu agize kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Iri shuri ryashyizweho muburyo bwemewe namategeko rikaba ryarashinzwe kuya 15 Ukwakira 2013.<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/college-of-medicine-and-health-sciences-cmhs-ur/</ref> Iri shuri rikuru rizwi kandi ku izina rya UR-CMHS, rikaba rifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu by’igihugu binyuze mu guhugura abaganga b’inzobere n’inzobere mu buzima. Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ibi, Ishuri rikuru ryubaka ubushobozi bujyanye niyi mpamvu mu kuyobora gahunda zamahugurwa yubuzima no kongerera ubushobozi, binyuze muri gahunda zikomeye kandi zifite akamaro.<ref>https://cmhs.ur.ac.rw/spip.php?rubrique17#</ref> hnrl1nqhcz04u7lftwfwb0b219739bp 0 9938 81395 2022-01-26T14:50:38Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - College of Science and Technology (CST) wikitext text/x-wiki College of Science and Technology (CST) ni ishuri rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. Yahoze ari ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (izwi cyane kwizina rya KIST cyangwa Institut des Sciences et des Technologies de Kigali), nicyo kigo cya mbere cyibanda ku ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri makuru yashyizweho na guverinoma y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://ur.ac.rw/?College-of-Science-and-Technology-CST</ref> KIST yashinzwe mu Gushyingo 1997. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu ishingwa ryayo ni Minisiteri y’Uburezi, UNDP u Rwanda, na GTZ, uruganda rw’Abadage. Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (CST) ryashinzwe na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ITEGEKO N ° 71/2013 RYA 10/09/2013 rishyiraho kaminuza y' urwanda (UR) kandi rimenya inshingano yayo, imbaraga, imiterere n'imikorere nkishuri ry'ikoranabuhanga ryihariye mukwigisha no guhugura abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse mubijyanye na siyanse yubumenyi, nubumenyingiro hamwe nubwubatsi kugirango bakurikirane iterambere ryigihugu.<ref>https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/</ref> Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ibyo Guverinoma yiyemeje kugera ku ntego n’intumbero bigaragara muri EDPRS 2 y’igihugu ndetse na Vision 2020, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga (CST) ni rimwe muri kaminuza esheshatu zihariye ziri munsi ya kaminuza y’u Rwanda. CST igira uruhare runini mu kwigisha no gukora ubushakashatsi, kwegera abaturage no gutera inkunga abikorera ku giti cyabo bafite akazi kabuhariwe.<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/college-of-science-and-technology-cst-ur/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081009061704/http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/kist05</ref> me7pui6uyx4qvfozwgaih5x2xup63zl 0 9939 81396 2022-01-26T14:57:52Z Badelphine 10333 IPRC Gishari wikitext text/x-wiki IPRC Gishari, yahoze yitwa Gishari Integrated Polytechnic (GIP) yashinzwe mu 2013 na RNP (Polisi y'u Rwanda) hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’abakozi (WDA). IPRC Gishari iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Shaburondo, Akagari ka Bwinsanga, Umurenge wa Gishari, Akarere ka Rwamagana, ku nkombe z’ibiza byo mu kiyaga cya Muhazi mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba.<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/gishari-integrated-polytechnic-gip/</ref> o2fvffs6pk1cgiio4z8wvcuu8bdopat 0 9940 81966 81965 2022-02-08T15:18:13Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fred Swaniker - PopTech 2015 - Camden, Maine.jpg|thumb]] '''Fred Swaniker''' (1976) ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri [[Gana]] akaba n'inzobere mu iterambere ry'ubuyobozi. Yatangije imiryango ine igamije guteza imbere abayobozi, cyane cyane muri Afrika. Niwe washinze ishuri rikuru rya [[African Leadership University(ALU)|African]] Leadership Academy na kaminuza ya [[Afurika|Afrika]] y'Ubuyobozi ifite icyicaro i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Niwe kandi washinze umuyoboro nyafurika wo kuyobora hamwe na [https://www.experiencegla.com/ Global Leadership Adventures] . == Ubuzimwa bwe bwahambere == Se ni umunyamategeko n'umucamanza. Afite imyaka ine, byabaye ngombwa ko ahunga [[Gana]] nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi . Mbere yimyaka cumi n'umunani avutse, yabaga mubihugu bine bya Afrika <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04j9syx</ref> . Amashuri ye yayize muri Macalester College muri Minnesota . Nyuma yaje gukora mu kigo ngishwanama cya McKinsey & Company i Johannesburg mbere yo gukora impamyabumenyi ya MBA i Stanford, muri Californiya . Arangije amasomo ye, yamenyekanye cyane nka Arjay Miller Scholar amumenya ko ari mu 10% ba mbere mu itsinda ry’abanyeshuri beza mu ishuri rye.[[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya|Ishuri]] ryigisha ubuyobozi nubuhanga bwo kwihangira imirimo kubanyeshuri baturutse muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] yose, kubategurira no kwiga kaminuza. . Kuva muri 2017, abayobozi bagera ku 1.000 bazaza mu ishuri. Ku banyeshuri benshi, amafaranga y'ishuri avanwaho kugira ngo basezerane gukorera muri Afurika nyuma y'amasomo yabo <ref name="Barret">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> .Muri 2014, mu nama ya TED yabereye muri Berezile, Swaniker yatangaje ko yaguye icyerekezo cye: umuyoboro mushya wa kaminuza 25 zo muri Afurika uzahugura abayobozi miliyoni 3 muri 2060 <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/11/06/fred-swaniker-nous-construisons-l-universite-du-futur-en-afrique_4804731_3212.html</ref> , <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/277371/economie/fred-swaniker-le-secteur-prive-peut-aider-lafrique-a-entrer-dans-leconomie-mondiale-du-savoir/</ref> , <ref>https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html</ref> .Kuva mu 2016 hafunguwe ibigo bibiri : imwe muri Maurice naho iya kabiri mu Rwanda muri [[Kigali]] . Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyihuta cyagaragaje uyu muyoboro w’ishuri na kaminuza nkimwe mu masosiyete agezweho muri Afurika. Byongeye kandi, itangazamakuru CNN ryerekanye uyu mushinga nka Havard yo muri Afurika <ref>https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190718-fred-swaniker</ref> , <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/06/africa/fred-swaniker-teacher-leadership-africa/index.html</ref> . Graca Machel wahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi muri Mozambike akaba n’umupfakazi wa Nelson Mandela, yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza naho [[Donald Kaberuka]] wahoze ari Perezida wa Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere, ari mu nama y’ubuyobozi. == Umwuga == Mu masomo ye i Stanford, yanditse gahunda yubucuruzi yo gushinga ishuri : Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuyobozi Nyafurika. Ishuri rifite pan-nyafurika rigamije guhugura abayobozi bakeneye Afurika muri iki gihe Yemeza ko imwe mu feri nyamukuru ku iterambere rya Afurika ari ukutagira ubuyobozi bubi mu ntore ziriho ubu <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16342145</ref> . Bitewe n’imikoranire ye yateje imbere muri Californiya mu kibaya cya Silicon, yashoboye kubona inkunga maze atangiza ishuri akimara kurangiza Stanford mu 2004 <ref name="Barret2">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> . Ishuri ryigisha ubuyobozi nubuhanga bwo kwihangira imirimo kubanyeshuri baturutse muri Afrika yose, kubategurira no kwiga kaminuza. . Kuva muri 2017, abayobozi bagera ku 1.000 bazaza mu ishuri. Ku banyeshuri benshi, amafaranga y'ishuri avanwaho kugira ngo basezerane gukorera muri Afurika nyuma y'amasomo yabo <ref name="Barret3">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> .Muri 2014, mu nama ya TED yabereye muri Berezile, Swaniker yatangaje ko yaguye icyerekezo cye: umuyoboro mushya wa kaminuza 25 zo muri Afurika uzahugura abayobozi miliyoni 3 muri 2060 <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/11/06/fred-swaniker-nous-construisons-l-universite-du-futur-en-afrique_4804731_3212.html</ref> , <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/277371/economie/fred-swaniker-le-secteur-prive-peut-aider-lafrique-a-entrer-dans-leconomie-mondiale-du-savoir/</ref> , <ref>https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html</ref> . uva mu 2016 hafunguwe ibigo bibiri : imwe muri Maurice naho iya kabiri mu Rwanda muri [[Kigali]] . Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyihuta cyagaragaje uyu muyoboro w’ishuri na kaminuza nkimwe mu masosiyete agezweho muri Afurika. Byongeye kandi, itangazamakuru CNN ryerekanye uyu mushinga nka Havard yo muri Afurika <ref>https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190718-fred-swaniker</ref> , <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/06/africa/fred-swaniker-teacher-leadership-africa/index.html</ref> .Graca Machel wahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi muri Mozambike akaba n’umupfakazi wa Nelson Mandela, yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza naho [[Donald Kaberuka]] wahoze ari Perezida wa Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere, ari mu nama y’ubuyobozi. == Amahuza yo hanze == * [https://www.ted.com/talks/fred_swaniker_the_leaders_who_ruined_africa_and_the_generation_who_can_fix_it?language=fr Vuga kuri TED] * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/fred-swaniker-3a6382/ Incamake kuri Linkedin] == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi wishuri]] [[Ikiciro:Umushoramari]] [[Ikiciro:Ishuri]] swdx5vqrfz3plbguemep6r9b2eu207f 0 9941 81400 2022-01-26T15:12:12Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD) wikitext text/x-wiki Institute of Legal Practice and Development yemewe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi mu rwanda, ni ikigo cyisumbuye cya leta giherereye mumujyi muto wa Nyanza (abaturage 250.499,999), Intara y'Amajyepfo. <ref>https://free-apply.com/en/university/1064600005</ref> Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD) ni ikigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere cyashyizweho n’Itegeko No 65/2013 ryo kuwa 27/08/3013. <ref>https://ilpd.ac.rw/index.php?id=2</ref>ILPD itanga amasomo na gahunda biganisha ku mpamyabumenyi y'amashuri makuru yemewe mu bice byinshi by’inyigisho.Iri shuri kandi ryahawe inshingano zo gutanga ubumenyi bw’umwuga ku bantu bafite nibura impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko, batanga amahugurwa ku bakora mu rwego rw'ubutabera no mu nzego zijyanye nabyo, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no gukwirakwiza amategeko, gufatanya n'ibindi bigo by’ubushakashatsi no gukora ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, kandi bagashyigikira ikindi gikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyagira uruhare mu guteza imbere amategeko n'ubutabera.<ref>https://www.landportal.org/organization/institute-legal-practice-and-development-rwanda</ref> 3r9u4izksbed5efxr7nt7gghhh23yrg 0 9942 81401 2022-01-26T15:23:51Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - IPRC Ngoma wikitext text/x-wiki Integrated Polytechnic Regional College Ngoma (IPRC Ngoma) ni ishuri rikuru ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro mu [[Rwanda]] – Koleji ya Ngoma nimwe mumashuri makuru agize Rwanda Polytechnic. IPRC-NGOMA (yahoze yitwa ETO Kibungo) yashinzwe mu 1989 na guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Mu 1994 mugihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi ishuri ryafunze imiryango. Mu Gushyingo 2012, nibwo ishuri ryisumbuye rya Tekinike rya Kibungo ryazamuwe mu kigo cya Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre (IPRC) mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba na guverinoma y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.iprcngoma.rp.ac.rw/</ref><ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/integrated-polytechnic-regional-college-ngomaiprc-ngoma/</ref> 7jjawr88q1xgpmf12fpdwanj9j0qp07 0 9943 81402 2022-01-26T15:35:00Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - IPRC Kigali wikitext text/x-wiki Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre (IPRC) Kigali, ni ishuri ryimyuga nubumenyingiro riherereye mu karere ka Kicukiro mumujyi wa Kigali,Rwanda. Yashinzwe bwa mbere na leta yu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2008 nka "Kicukiro College of Technology (KCT)". Inshingano yibanze ya koleji kwari ugutezimbere no gutanga ubumenyi bwumwuga kurwego rwa dipolome (A1).<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/integrated-polytechnic-regional-college-kigali-iprc-kigali/</ref> Iri shuri rikuru ryarazwe ibikorwa remezo bisanzwe biri muri ETO Kicukiro byarifashije gukora nk'ishuri ryisumbuye rya Tekinike mu 1994 nubwo ibikoresho byayo hafi ya byose byangijwe mugihe cya jenoside. Nyuma ya jenoside amashuri abiri yisumbuye yakoresheje ibikorwa remezo bikurikirana kugeza muri Mutarama 2008. Muri Nyakanga 2008, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda (GoR) yafashe icyemezo cyo guhuza uburezi bwa tekiniki, Uburezi bw'imyuga n'amahugurwa muri sisitemu ihuriweho (TVET). Kugeza ubu ishuri rikuru rya IPRC Kigali riri mubigo bizwi kandi bikora muri Rwanda Polytechnic.<ref>https://www.iprckigali.rp.ac.rw/1/about-us</ref> ejypzmn8xr0syc8t051br492nibalel 0 9944 81403 2022-01-26T15:35:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1068084870|East African Christian College]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Ishuri Rikuru rya Gikristo rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EACC), nii Ikigo cy'Amashuri makuru cy'Itorero ry'Abangilikani gifite ikicaro i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] cyashinzwe muri 2021 <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/itorero-ry-aba-anglican-rigiye-gutangiza-kaminuza-yigisha-abapasiteri</ref> . == amateka == EACC yahimbwe na musenyeri mukuru Dr Laurent Mbanda muri 2019, igitekerezo cye cyemejwe n'inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y'abaminisitiri y'u Rwanda]] mu Kuboza 2020 <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/east-african-christian-college-yahize-kuba-igicumbi-cy-uburezi-n-indangagaciro</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri yisumbuye]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda education-related lists]] j5uc8215lec887qvg749hb8723xm9wx 14 9945 81404 2022-01-26T15:36:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "amashuri y'isumbuye y'u Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki amashuri y'isumbuye y'u Rwanda dqqd03g06d0mkyaupvcy840vi922qa3 0 9946 81405 2022-01-26T15:44:35Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - IPRC Karongi wikitext text/x-wiki Integrated Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC) ya Karongi nimwe muri IPRC umunani zigize Polytechnic yu Rwanda. Ishuri Rikuru rya Polytechnic Regional College (IPRC) ryashinzwe mu 1990/1991.<ref>https://schoolsinrwanda.com/listing/integrated-polytechnic-regional-college-karongi-iprc-karongi/</ref> Ni ishuri ritanga amahugurwa ya Tekiniki na Vocational Education mubyiciro byose kugeza kurwego rwa karindwi bizwi nka Advanced Diploma.Amasomo batanga ari mumashami atanu byumwihariko Ubwubatsi bwa Tekinoloji & Ibidukikije, Amashanyarazi & Electronics Ubwubatsi hamwe na Porogaramu y’ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi, gucunga neza abashyitsi, amakuru n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho hamwe na IT hamwe n’ubuhanga bw’imashini hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya Automobile na Production & Manufacturing Technology Programs.<ref>https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/about-us</ref> 73f6upjlgd5yfk8jojbiakwu33xfp22 0 9947 81406 2022-01-26T16:00:53Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - IPRC Musanze wikitext text/x-wiki IPRC Musanze ni ikigo cya leta gihugura amashuri makuru yashyizweho kugirango gitange uburezi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga, gikora munsi yu Rwanda Polytechnic. IPRC Musanze yubatswe nkimpano yabashinwa ibinyujije muri Ambasade yayo mu Rwanda.<ref>https://agriprofocus.com/organisation/rwanda-polytechnic-iprc-musanze</ref> IPRC Musanze yatangiye gufata abanyeshuri bwa mbere ku ya 30 Werurwe 2015, icyo gihe yari ikitwa Musanze Polytechnic ikorera mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'abakozi (WDA). Hamwe no gushinga Rwanda Polytechnic muri 2018, izina ricyo kigo ryarahindutse iza kwitwa IPRC Musanze. IPRC Musanze iha abanyeshuri uburezi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga n'amahugurwa yo kuba abanyamwuga mubijyanye n'ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, amashanyarazi na elegitoroniki, hamwe no gucunga abashyitsi. Binyuze muri gahunda zikigoabanyeshuri bahabwa impamyabumenyi ya A1 n'amasomo magufi.<ref>https://www.iprcmusanze.rp.ac.rw/services-1</ref> rrguaazeirvirq3rvp4ix5hc3qvmdkp 0 9948 81407 2022-01-26T16:17:35Z Badelphine 10333 Created a new article - IPRC Tumba wikitext text/x-wiki IPRC Tumba nizwi cyane kwizina rya Tmba Colleg of Technology(TCT), ikaba iherereye muntara y'amajyaruguru, akarere ka Rulindo, Tare ,Rwanda. yashinzwe mu 2007 hashingiwe ku cyemezo cya guverinoma cyo kubyara abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse kugirango bahuze inganda n’imibereho. IPRC tumba itanga amasomo atatu aganisha kuri dipolome yigihugu (A1) aribyo: Renewale Energy (RE), Electronics na Telecommunication (ET), hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga (IT).<ref>https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/XX/Unknown/289536867826915/Rwanda-Polytechnic---IPRC-Tumba</ref><ref>https://www.iprctumba.rp.ac.rw/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/construction-rwf85bn-mechatronics-facility-kicks-iprc-tumba</ref> g2el6xjn9r688jjki0xj03s9683kcp3 6 9949 81418 2022-01-30T08:26:11Z 2A03:2880:31FF:23:0:0:FACE:B00C Created page with "Kk" wikitext text/x-wiki Kk 1dtpxnwqp47hrughn7tjp0sn1n0ym8y 0 9950 81816 81431 2022-01-31T15:58:13Z 41.186.78.209 wikitext text/x-wiki Mara Group n'isosiyeti nini itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi bw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byiganjemo telefoni zigendanwa (Mara phones), banki ndetse no gutunganya ibikomoka k'ubuhinzi. [[Dosiye:Phone_features_dark.png|thumb|271x271px|Mara smartphone]] == Amateka == Iyi sosiyeti ifite ikicaro gikuru mu mugi wa Dubai mu igihugu cya United Arab Emirates yashinzwe na [[:en:Ashish_Thakkar|Ashish J. Thakkar]]<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/06/18/young-successful-and-african-ashish-thakkar-ceo-of-mara-group/</ref> mu 1996, ubu iyi sosiyeti imaze gufungura amashami yayo mu ibihugu 25<ref>https://maraphones.com/rw/mara-corporation/</ref> birimo ibihugu 22 muri Afrika <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/06/18/young-successful-and-african-ashish-thakkar-ceo-of-mara-group/</ref>, ikaba imaze guha akazi abarenga ibihumbi cumi na kimwe (11000) by'abaturage<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/03/04/harvard-business-school-adopts-mara-group-as-african-case-study-2/</ref>. Iyi sosiyeti imaze imyaka 26 ishinzwe, mu mwaka wa 2010 yatoranyijwe na World Economic Forum nka Sosiyeti ikura cyane ku isi yose<ref>http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGC_Members_2013.pdf</ref>. == Mara phones == Mara group yatangije uruganda rutunganya telephone nini za Smartphone mu mugi wa Kigali-Rwanda mu kwezi kwa cumi 2019 <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/tobyshapshak/2019/10/31/africas-mara-group-launches-phone-factories-in-durban-kigali/#6f119f24230b</ref>. Izo telefoni ni MaraZ1, MaraX1 na Mara S zikoranye ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ririmo irya finger print sensor, triple rear camera. Sosiyeti ya Mara group mu Rwanda ikorera mu icyanya cyahariwe inganda imasoro mu mugi wa Kigali, aho itangiririye imirimo yo gukora telephone zigendanwa yahaye akazi abanyarwanda 200 <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/eight-things-know-about-mara-phones</ref> bangana na 90% aho abagore bihariye 60% byabakozi bose ndetse ikaba ifite intego yo kongera umubare w'abakozi kugera nibura kuri 300. == Ubucuruzi == Mara phone izwi nka Mara X igura amadorari y'amerika $130 ahwanye Rwf120,250 naho Mara Z igura amadorari y' amerika $190 (or Rwf175,750) <ref>https://www.borgenmagazine.com/mara-group/</ref>. Izi telephone ziboneka ku kicaro cya sosiyeti Kigali Business Centre ndetse no muyandi masoko atandukanye yo mugihugu. AShish J. Thakkar nkuko yabitangarije ikinyamakuru the [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/ newtimes], ayugako bashaka kwagura amasoko y'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu Rwanda bikagera mu bihugu byo hanze birimo Angola, Kenya na DRC congo <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/eight-things-know-about-mara-phones</ref>. == Amashakiro == __INDEX__ __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inganda]] [[Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] ojvsukz9ngnhacxlfet6aofz6cwlveq 0 9951 81430 81429 2022-01-31T07:32:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 wikitext text/x-wiki Kibogora polytechnic ni Kaminuza yigenga ishingiye ku idini rwa Methodist Libre , ifite ikicaro gikuru mu intara y'iburengerazuba mu akarere ka [https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/ Nyamasheke], umurenge wa Kanjongo mu Rwanda. Umushinga wo gutangiza iyi kaminuza watangiye muri Nyakanga 2011 ku igitekerezo cy' itorero rya methodiste libre, ibitaro bya Kibogora ndetse n'abaturage batuye mu bice bigize intara y'iburengerazuba <ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15128.htm</ref>. [[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda,Huye_campus_.jpg|thumb|KAMINUZA YA KIBOGORA ]] == Amateka == Ubuyobozi bw'itorero ryigenga rya Methodiste nyuma yo gukora ibiganiro byimbitse k'umushinga wo gutangiza kaminuza bwatanze ubusabe kuri minisiteri y'uburezi na minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu Ugushyingo 2011, Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu yasubije ubusabe bwabo Kuwa 7 Mutarama 2012, ikurikirwa na minisiteri y'uburezi kuwa 31 Kanama 2012<ref>https://www.kp.ac.rw/about</ref>. Nyuma yo kwemererwa ubwo busabe, Iyi kaminuza y'itorero rya Methodiste libre mu Rwanda, yatangiye kwakira abanyeshuri bambere kuwa 17 Nzeri 2012, mu masomo y'ubuganga na theology, kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2012 ikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru mu Rwanda (HEC) cyemereye iyi kaminuza andi mashami abiri arimo ay'Uburezi n'ubucuruzi ( Business and development studies) mu ishami ry'ubukungu n'iterambere ry'icyaro<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rwanda</ref>. == Icyerekezo == Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) yemejwe n'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe amashuri makuru (HEC) ndetse ihabwa uburenganzira busesuye (License) Ukwakira 2014 hashingiwe ku itegeko nomero 07/2015 ryo kuwa 15 Werurwe 2015. Iyi Kaminuza igamije gukemura ikibazo cy'abanyeshuri baburaga aho bakomereza kaminuza hafi yabo igihe batabaga babonye buruse yo gukomeza muri Kaminuza nkuru y' u Rwanda <ref>https://bwiza.com/?Nyamasheke-Abarangije-muri-kaminuza-ya-Kibogora-polytechnic-basabwe-kuba</ref>. Kibogora Polytechnic (KP) itanga impamyabushozi mu ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza(Masters) n'ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza (bachelor) mu mashami y'uburezi (education), ubuganga (Health sciences), Ubucuruzi (Business and development studies) na Theology <ref>https://topuniversitieslist.com/kibogora-polytechnic/</ref> == Ubutumwa == Kugira uruhare mu kuvugurura umuryango w’u Rwanda ku ruhande rwo kuzamura ireme ry’abakozi mu bijyanye n’uburezi, mu gufasha abahawe impamyabumenyi kurushaho kwikorera ubwabo, umuryango n’Imana, binyuze mu mikurire y’umwuka, kwiga imyuga n’ubushakashatsi, no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/kibogora-polytechnic-irateganya-ko-buri-munyeshuri-uyigamo-azagira-laptop-ye</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] 5u4jpvwlnyopa9rjwmse5yq7gqoie5x 0 9952 82361 82360 2022-03-29T13:22:26Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:ULK-Masters-Administration-building.jpg|thumb|Inyubako ya ULK]] [[Dosiye:ULK Buildings.jpg|thumb|ULK building]] == Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali == [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yijyenga ya Kigali]] (ULK) ni kaminuza yashinzwe mu mwaka wi 1996 ni ishuri rimwe<ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/universities-urls/13879.shtm</ref> mu mashuri makuru ryigenga mu [[Rwanda]]. ni rimwe mu mashuri kandi afite abanyeshuri batari bake muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ziri m' [[Umujyi wa Kigali]]. ULK kandi afite amashami menshi atandukanye<ref>https://web.facebook.com/ulk.ac.rw/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> == Amateka == [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali]] ( ULK) nkuko twa bibonye haruguru yashinzwe tariki 15 werurwe 1996 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. yatangiye ikorera mu nyubako ya [[Mutagatifu Pawulo]] ULK kandi yaje kubaka inyubako zayo zambere mu [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|murenge wa Kacyiru]] aho yaje kuhahindura amashuri yisumbuye azwi na Glory secondary school. 2007 nibwo ulk yimuriye ibikorwa byayo bya Kminuza mu murenge wa Gisozi aho yari imaze kubaka inyubako nshyashya.<ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/universities-urls/13879.shtm</ref> iyi Kaminuza kandi yashinzwe na prof Rwigamba Balinda mu rwego rwo gufasha urubyiruko rwu [[Rwanda]] kuzamura ireme ry' uburezi. ndetse ni iterambere ry'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] == fakirite == Kaminuza yijyenga ya Kigali kandi ifite amashami menshi atandukanye harimo nka<ref>http://ulkpolytechnic.ac.rw/</ref> - ishami ry'ubumenyi Rusange - ishami ry'ubumenyi bwa Mudasobwa - ishami ry'amategeko - ndetse na polytechnics<ref>https://mabumbe.com/kigali-independent-university-ulk-courses-offered/</ref> == Ubudasa == Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali kandi nimwe muri kaminuza mu Rwanda zifite Stade mu kigo imbere kandi nini kuburyo ishobora kwakira abantu benshi == Ibikorwa remezo == ULK kandi yimuriye amashuri yayo abanza nayisumbuye ku nyubako yayo nshya iherereye ku gisozi. Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali ifite stade ihagije kuburyo ibirori byabanyeshuri bayo bashoje ariho bibera ndetse si ibyo gusa babasha kwakira ibitaramo bitandukanye nibindi birori.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/authwall?trk=gf&trkInfo=AQGges0saRUaJQAAAX6wstTovytAevg1ez52vvVxCmgOMsqEcDY78s3ZpLpe1TrRybtTP8feF2mlmWHoUUG1Nr6WlVhoj8CuNE0H6SGl9tLd_ZUZKUruiWKnLNGsjgsa-rwZpO0=&originalReferer=https://www.google.com/&sessionRedirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fcompany%2Fkigali-independent-university-ulk</ref> ndetse nibiterane by'amatorero atandukanye. == Reba == n9238mn8o8raqvxz8pit5acd3ljg6e6 14 9953 81815 2022-01-31T15:53:24Z 41.186.78.209 Created category wikitext text/x-wiki Amashuri ya Kaminuza n'ubumenyingiro t5svy6la5ljh82ieb4zupl9tijwj181 14 9954 81817 2022-01-31T15:59:48Z 41.186.78.209 Created category wikitext text/x-wiki Sosiyeti zitunganya ibikoresho gskbm077lmfum1dah8z983i14bir04u 14 9955 81818 2022-01-31T16:00:56Z 41.186.78.209 Created category wikitext text/x-wiki Sosiyeti zitunganya ibikoresho mu Rwanda. oyae8duago4lkhqxrooo31rgc67krv4 14 9956 81819 2022-01-31T16:02:17Z 41.186.78.209 Created category wikitext text/x-wiki Ibintu cyangwa abantu bafite aho bahuriye n'ikoranabuhanga n'isakazabumenyi. m61zgk99w6bo3amb1f857tnig67i5x0 0 9957 82537 82536 2022-04-20T10:54:59Z 2C0F:EB68:220:9E00:96A:6DAE:136B:E197 Blanked the page wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 9958 81860 81859 2022-02-02T11:12:04Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki Prof Rwigamba [[File:Pro.-Dr-RWIGAMBA-Balinda.jpg|Pro.-Dr-RWIGAMBA-Balinda]] Prof Rwigamba Balinda yavutse mu mwaka wi 1948 avukira muri kivu yaruguru ahitwa [[Kongo|masisi]] mu cyahoze ari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Zaire]] ubu akaba ari [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika iharanira Demokarasi ya Cong]]<nowiki/>o<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/soma-imibereho-ya-prof-rwigamba-balinda-umuyobozi-wa-ulk.hmtl</ref> akaba ari umuyobozi w'ikirenga wa [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigal]]<nowiki/>i iherereye i [[Kigali]] mu murenge wa Gisozi ndetse akaba ari nawe nyirayo ya yishinze mu mwaka wi 1996 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] ya korewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 == Amashuri yize == ahagana mu mwaka wi 1974 nibwo yarangije Lisence yambere muri philosophie Anglaise muri kaminza imwe [[Kongo|y'Ikinshasa]] mumwaka wi 1977 kandi abona indi Lisence muri Linguistique Africaine muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] yi <ref>https://web.facebook.com/ulk.ac.rw/photos/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-founder-and-president-of-ulk/2425676364140102/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> [[Kongo|Lubumbashi]] mu mwaka wi 1982 yabonye kandi impamya bushobozi yo kurwego rwa [[PDF|PHD]] arinabwo yabaga umuyobozi wa Kaminuza i [[Congo Brazzaville|Lubumbashi]] kubera uburyo yize ari umuhanga kandi abona amanota meza yigishije kandi no kuriyo kaminuza yigagaho. ndetse akaba yaranditse nibitabo byinshi bitandukanye<ref>https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Prof Rwigamba Balinda yavutse kuya 10/10/1948 avukira mu gihugu cyabaturanyi muri [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]] afite umugore umwe witwa Nyirashyirambere Marie Louise nabana batandatu kuva 2003 -2014 Prof Rwigamba yabaye umuyobozi w'umuryango wa za Kaminuza zose zigenga na amashurimakuru byo mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza mu kwakira 2011 Prof Rwigamba yabaye Senateri mu [[Rwanda]] == Ubudasa == Prof Rwigamba Balinda azwiho kuba ari umu Kristo kandi agakunda abantu cyane avugako kandi yahoze<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/92113</ref> afite inzozi zo kuzaba umuherwe kugirango nawe azakize abandi kandi akaba abishimira Imana kuko yabigezeho ni mwe m bantu bafite kaminuza zigenga zikomeye mu [[Rwanda]] Prof Rwigamba kandi yanditse ibitabo byinshi bitandukanye muribyo harimo icyo yise UMUCRISTO W'UKURI<ref>https://rushyashya.net/prof-dr-rwigamba-balinda-yamuritse-agatabo-umukristo-wukuri/</ref> == Indoto za Prof Rwigamba == Kuva akri muto yiga mu mashuri abanza nayisumbuye yari umuhanga abona amanota y'ikirenga mwishuri ku myaka 15 yandikaga ku makayi ye ngo Prof Dr Rwigamba Balinda ULK yayitangije yakira abanyeshuri 204 bakodesha munyubako ya [[mutagatifu pawulo]] iherereye mu mujyi wa [[kigali]] akora sporo yo kuzamuka amadarage y'inyubako ye akoreramo akund kurya imboga rwatsi no kunywa amazi menshi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhrmqyFGrUo</ref> == Akamaro == prof Rwigama Balinda kandi kubera kugira neza kwe yahoze yfuza gufasha abntu benshi mu gihugu cye cyu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri kariyeri ye y'uburezi bityo akaba ari umwe mubantu bashimirwa cyane nabantu benshi ndetse bamwe bakanabigaragaza mu nyandiko zikubiye mu bitabo bagiye bandika<ref>https://www.memoireonline.com/04/10/3397/m_Modeling-and-forecasting-inflation-in-Rwanda-1995-20090.html</ref> Prof Rwigamba kandi numwe mubantu batangije Kaminuza zigenga mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ashimirwa nabenshi kubera iterambere yagize mu burezi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] zitandukanye yaciyemo mugihugu cya [[Kongo|congo]].<ref>https://www.kab.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Prof.-Kaaya-Siraje-CV.pdf</ref> == Shakira == n1p13tojue1ddcst96m3rgrnpjywrom 0 9959 81823 2022-01-31T21:11:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 Entrepreneurs wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.heirsholdings.com/investments/ Heirs Holdings] ni umuryango ufite ishoramari rigari, ufite icyicaro i Lagos, muri Nijeriya ufite inyungu z’ishoramari mu nzego zitandukanye muri Afurika<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/02/05/nigerian-millionaire-tony-elumelu-invests-in-u-s-space-technology-startup/?sh=5f2e9a38fe0f</ref> == Amateka == Holdings yashinzwe mu mwaka 2010 na Tony O. Elumelu, CON nyuma kujya muzabukuru mu mwaka wa 2010 muri Banki yunze ubumwe ya Afurika (UBA) Plc, aho yari yarabaye Umuyobozi w’itsinda (Group managing director)<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/167319-elumelu-returns-to-uba-as-board-chairman.html</ref><ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/04/23/the-20-most-powerful-people-in-african-business-2012/?sh=6324ac9b719b</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2011, Heirs Holdings yakoze ishoramari ryayo rya mbere igamije kugira imigabane igenzura muri Transcorp, uruganda runini rwa Nijeriya<ref>https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/49345/shares-heirs-holdings039-strategic-buy-shocks-transcorp.html</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/04/heirs-holdings-push-transcorp-shares-higher-on-nse-2/</ref>. Muri 2012, Heirs Holdings yongeye gushora imari mu mutungo utimukanwa no mu rwego rw'imari. Afriland Properties Plc,n'ikigo k'imicungire yumutungo, ishoramari, nisosiyete yiterambere; United Capital Plc, itsinda rya serivisi yimari nishoramari; na Afrika Prudential Registrar Plc, utanga serivise yo kwiyandikisha<ref>https://www.heirsholdings.com/hh-at-ten/</ref> Muri 2013, Heirs Holdings yiyemeje miliyoni 2,5 z'amadolari y'Amerika, nk'umushoramari umwe rukumbi w’abikorera ku giti cyabo muri Perezida [[Barack Obama]] Power Africa Initiative afite intego yo kongera 30.000MW y’amashanyarazi mashya, kongera amashanyarazi byibuze miliyoni 60 z'abaturage muri Sub-Saharah African<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304049904579515183408829094</ref><ref>https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/privatesector#he</ref>. Muri 2020, Heirs Holdings yaguze neza OML17 muri [[:en:Shell_plc|Shell]], [[:en:TotalEnergies|Total]] na [[:en:Eni|Eni]] mubyo bita peteroli na gaze muri Afrika mumwaka wa 2020<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/afreximbank-releases-250m-for-tnogs-acquisition-of-45-stake-in-oml-17/</ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-oil-sale-idUSKBN29L07Q</ref><ref>https://www.theafricareport.com/88736/nigeria-oml-17-allows-tony-elumelus-heirs-to-take-on-seplat/</ref> == Ishoramari == Ishoramari rya Heirs Holdings ryateguwe muburyo butandatu: [[:en:Financial_services|Serivise yimari]], [[:en:Electricity_generation|ingufu]], [[:en:Fossil_fuel|peteroli na gaze]], [[:en:Real_estate|umutungo utimukanwa]], [[:en:Hospitality|kwakira abashyitsi]] no [[:en:Health_care|kwita kubuzima]]<ref>https://africanews.space/africas-heirs-holdings-portfolio-company-planet-labs-is-going-public/</ref> == Ubukungu == Inyungu za Heirs Holdings nishoramari muri serivisi zimari bigabanya amabanki, ubwishingizi, banki ishoramari, imicungire yumutungo no kwandikisha isoko ryimari<ref>https://www.heirsholdings.com/investments/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160547/https://www.cbinsights.com/investor/heirs-holdings/</ref> * [[:en:United_Bank_for_Africa|United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA)]] – A Nigerian pan-African financial services group headquartered in Lagos with subsidiaries in 20 African countries and offices in London, Paris, and New York. * United Capital Plc – Financial and investment services group * Africa Prudential Registrars – A Nigerian Capital Market Registration Company * NASD OTC Market – A secondary trading market for securities of publicly listed companies primarily in Nigeria * Heirs Insurance Brokers Limited (HIB) – insurance broking and risk management firm. * Heirs Insurance Limited – covers general insurance services * Heirs Life Assurance Limited – provides specialist life insurance services. == Ubuyobozi == As of August 1, 2021: * Tony Elumelu (Chairman) * Emmanuel Nnorom (CEO) * Dr. Awele Elumelu (Non-Executive Director) * Angela Aneke (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Alex Trotter (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Andrew Alli (Independent Non-Executive Director) * Dan Okeke (Executive Director) == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Inganda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] 62msrjcdnvvjf0h26mjc5qbjwphbga3 0 9960 81828 81825 2022-02-01T06:50:11Z Endikuemmy 9914 new edited wikitext text/x-wiki Tony Onyemaechi Elumelu (yavutse ku ya 22 Werurwe 1963) ni umuhanga mubijyanye n'ubukungu muri Nijeriya, akaba n'umugiraneza. Afite ubucuruzi, yise [[Heirs Holdings]]<ref>https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888413/tony-elumelu/</ref> [[:en:Transnational_Corporation_of_Nigeria|Transcorp]] niwe washinze Fondasiyo ya Tony Elumelu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tony_Elumelu_Foundation</ref> ('''[[:en:The_Tony_Elumelu_Foundation|Tony Elumelu Foundation]]''' (TEF). [[Dosiye:Tony_Elumelu_-_2020_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Tony Elumelu founder of Tony Elumelu Faundation <!-- Anthony Onyemaechi Elumelu Yavutse 22 March 1963 ( 59) Jos, Plateau, Nigeria Ubwenegihugu Nigerian Alma mater Ambrose Alli University, University of Lagos Ibyo akora: Founder of The Tony Elumelu Foundation Years active 1987–present Yamenyekanye nka nyiri The Tony Elumelu Foundation Umugore we Dr. Awele Elumelu (m. 1993) Abana be 7 -->|288x288px]] == '''Ubuzima bwe bwite''' == === Ubuto bwe n'umuryango === Elumelu yavukiye i [[:en:Jos|Jos]], Plateau<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_State</ref>, muri Nijeriya, ku ya 22 Werurwe 1963, avuka kuri Suzanne na Dominic Elumelu ukomoka muri Onicha-Ukwu muri Aniocha y'Amajyaruguru y’akarere ka Leta ya [[:en:Delta_State|Delta]]<ref>https://theeagleonline.com.ng/gov-okowa-eulogises-tony-elumelu-at-55/</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/life/tony-elumelu-the-quintessential-leader/</ref> Yakuranye na barumuna be bane, umwe muri bo ni Ndudi Elumelu, umuyobozi muto mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya Nigeriya ('''Nigerian Federal House of Representatives)'''<ref>https://encomium.ng/20-things-about-tony-elumelu-man-of-means-who-donates-billions/</ref><ref>https://www.nassnig.org/mps/single/10</ref> === Uburezi (Education) === Yize ibijyanye n'ubukungu muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Bendel (ubu ni [[:en:Ambrose_Alli_University|kaminuza ya Ambrose Alli]]) ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya BSc na Master of Science in Economics yakuye muri kaminuza ya Lagos.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Lagos</ref> == '''Umwuga''' == === Umwuga we wa mbere === Elumelu yakoze muri Banki y’ubumwe ya Banki ya Nijeriya (Nigerian Bank Union Bank) nk'umunyamuryango w’Urubyiruko muri National youth Service Corps mu 1985 mbere yo gutangira umwuga we wo gucuruza. Muri 2005 Elumelu yaguze imigabane muri banki za leta zose, nyuma aguze na Banki yunze ubumwe ya Afrika (UBA). Mu mwuga we wa mbere, yagize ati;<blockquote>Natangiye umwuga wanjye w'ubucuruzi, ngurisha copi z'impapuro kugira ngo mbe umwihariko,nari muto kandi nshonje, ndetse nkora cyane, ariko ikigaragara ni uko nari umwe gusa mu bihumbi by’abasore barangije muri Nijeriya, bose bifuzaga gutsinda<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/years-of-spreading-luck-everyone-needs-a-little-help/</ref>.</blockquote>Mu 1997, Elumelu yayoboye itsinda rito ry'abashoramari, ahita ashyiraho banki yitwa (struggling crystal bank) nyuma yigihe gito bayihindurira izina bayita (Standard Trust Bank). Yahinduye inyungu mu myaka mike maze muri 2005 ahita azamurwa mu intera nini mu rwego rw’amabanki muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara agura Banki yunze ubumwe ya Afurika (UBA)<ref>https://www.proshareng.com/news/Capital-Market/Elumelu-is-MD-of-UBA---Merger-of-UBA-STB/111</ref><ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/01/nigerian-billionaire-tony-elumelu-commits-100-million-to-create-10000-african-entrepreneurs-in-10-years/?sh=3570539b2d47</ref>. Nyuma y’ihuzwa rya Standard Trust Bank na Banki yunze ubumwe ya Afurika muri 2005, Elumelu yayoboye iyi sosiyete nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe amatsinda kuva mu itsinda ry’amabanki yo mu gihugu kimwe kugeza muri banki ya Afurika ifite amashami mu bihugu 20 bya Afurika, Ubufaransa, Amerika n'Ubwongereza kugera igihe yeguriye k'ubutegetsi muri 2010, nyuma yo kuva muri board ya UBA yahise ashora imari ye ashyiraho umuryango mugari uzwi nka [[Heirs Holdings]] abikorana n'ibikorwa by'urukundo binyuze mu muryango '''The Tony Elumelu Foundation'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tony_Elumelu_Foundation</ref> <ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/01/nigerian-billionaire-tony-elumelu-commits-100-million-to-create-10000-african-entrepreneurs-in-10-years/?sh=3570539b2d47</ref>muri 2010 nyuma yo kujya muzabukuru, kugera uyu munsi uyu muryango uracyakora ibikorwa by'urukundo kuko ufasha urubyiruko guteza imbere imishinga yabo y'ubucuruzi<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=JgdZDwAAQBAJ&dq=TONY+ELUMELU+AFRICAPITALISM&pg=PR3</ref>. == '''Ubuzima bwe bwite''' == Elumelu mu 1993 yashakanye na Awele Vivien Elumelu, ukora umwuga w' ubuganga. Babyarane abana barindwi<ref>https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20160109/281775628146766</ref> == '''Ibihembo n'Ishimwe yahawe''' == Elumelu yakiriye ibihembo bitandukanye ashimirwa uruhare rwe mubucuruzi no kwihangira imirimo. * Mu 2003 leta ya Nijeriya yahaye Elumelu izina ry'umunyamuryango w'iteka rya Repubulika (title of Member of the Order of the Federal Republic(MFR),nk'icyubahiro cy'igihugu<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/tony-elumelu-making-business-ambassador</ref> * Mu mwaka wa 2012, yahawe igihembo cy’icyubahiro cy’igihugu cy’umuyobozi w’itegeko rya Nigeriya (CON) kubera uruhare yagize mu guteza imbere imishinga yigenga<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090635/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/adenuga-bags-gcon/124579/</ref> * Yahawe igihembo cyitwa 'Daily Times, umugabo w’umwaka wa Nigeriya muri 2016<ref>https://dailytimes.ng/elumelu-won-daily-times-nigeria-man-year-2016/</ref> * Muri 2018 na 2019 yahawe igihembo cya All-Africa Business Leaders 'Awards (AABLA) Philanthropist of the Year Award <ref>https://techeconomy.ng/2018/11/all-africa-business-leaders-awards-announce-2018-west-african-finalists/</ref> * Muri 2019 Kaminuza ya Bayero Kano (BUK) yahaye Elumelu - Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro mu bucuruzi <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/333636-buk-to-honour-tony-elumelu-with-an-honorary-doctorate-degree.html/</ref> * Yahawe igihembo cyigihugu cyo gutanga umusaruro wicyubahiro muri 2019 <ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/27/elumelu-to-receive-national-award/</ref> * Ikinyamakuru IGIHE (Time Magazine) cyasize Elumelu kurutonde rw'abantu 100 Bakomeye Muri 2020<ref>https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888413/tony-elumelu/</ref>. == '''Amashakiro (Indanganturo)''' == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abikorera]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Abaterankunga]] [[Ikiciro:Africa]] 0armuy7brmf1nihymelc58ryyt9zvbs 14 9961 81826 2022-02-01T06:46:48Z Endikuemmy 9914 created category wikitext text/x-wiki Abikorera ku isi 3wy1hld9e3gb7cwv166cmi7xaxfas0u 14 9962 81827 2022-02-01T06:48:18Z Endikuemmy 9914 created category wikitext text/x-wiki Ibigo bidaharanira inyungu bitera inkunga imishinga y'ubucuruzi n'iterambere. ermwmc4ejztgigpbg69jap6pt8f7u1o 0 9963 81842 81831 2022-02-01T16:43:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 added category wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza Gatolika y'u Rwanda (CUR ; Catholic University of Rwanda) yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2010, ni ikigo cyigenga cy’amashuri makuru giherereye mu mujyi wa Butare, Intara y'Amajyepfo mu Rwanda, ni umugi utuwe n' abaturage bari hagati ya 1.000.000-5.000.000, iyi kaminuza yemewe n'amategeko ndetse yahawe uburenganzira busesuye bwo gutanga ubumenyi na Miniseteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.4icu.org/reviews/15613.htm</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/ministry-says-graduates-3-private-varsities-not-ready-labour-market</ref> [[Dosiye:St_michel's_cathedral.jpg|thumb|Catholic University of Rwanda]] == '''Intego, indangagaciro n'icyerekezo cya CUR''' == === Intego === CUR yiyemeje gutanga uburezi bufite ireme bushingiye kuri Kristo bushingiye ku buryo bwuzuye. Igitekerezo cyo kurema cyavutse kubushake bwo gukomeza gukemura ibibazo bya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gushyigikira ubumenyi bukomeye butuma abayirangiza bakomeza kuba intangarugero ku isoko ry'umurimo<ref>http://www.cur.ac.rw/?-CUR-</ref> === Icyerekezo === Icyerekezo cya kaminuza ya CUR ni ukuba indashyikirwa mu guteza imbere siyanse, uburezi bw'inyangamugayo kandi ziyemeje kugira uruhare mu mibereho, ubukungu, ikoranabuhanga no guhugura abanyamadini."<ref>https://www.tertiaryinstitutions.com/inst/RW/uni/462-catholic_university_of_rwanda</ref> === '''Indangagaciro''' === Abayobozi biyi kaminuza batangaza ko izi ari indangagaciro zashyizweho hakurikijwe ibikenewe ku isoko ry'umurimo kandi ko bigomba gutozwa buri munyeshuri wese ugeze muri iyi kaminuza gatolika "Imiyoborere myiza: kwihesha agaciro, ubuyobozi bwiza, kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwihanganirana, guteza imbere uburinganire, ubwenegihugu no gukunda igihugu, ubwisanzure mu masomo: Inshingano z’imibereho ya mwarimu, ibitekerezo bifite intego, Icyerekezo cy’abaturage cyiza, Icyerekezo gikenewe ku isoko: guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga"<ref>http://www.cur.ac.rw/?-Vision-and-Mission-</ref> == '''Amasomo''' == Kaminuza Gatolika y'u Rwanda (CUR) igizwe n'amashami atandatu afite icyicaro ku i TABA, Akarere ka Huye, na Alexis KAGAME Campus, Save, Akarere ka Gisagara. CUR itanga impamyabumenyi ihanitse yemewe mu Rwanda nahandi hose ku isi mu masomo atandukanye<ref>https://universitycompass.com/africa/Rwanda/universities/Catholic-University-of-Rwanda.php</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Rwanda</ref><ref>https://hec.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/DOCUMENTS/Reports/rwanda-final_validation_report.pdf</ref> CUR itanga amasomo y'uburezi ndetse nizindi serivisi nyinshi ku abanyeshuri harimo isomero, hamwe na serivisi z'ubuyobozi. Ifite gahunda eshatu: '''Gahunda yumunsi''', '''Gahunda ya nimugoroba''', '''gahunda ya wikendi'''. Itanga amasomo muri gahunda yimyaka 4 cyangwa 5 iganisha kuri "Bachelors degree" hamwe nigihembo giciriritse kuburyo bukurikira: * Level 1 (Certificate of Higher Education), * Level 2 (Diploma in Higher Education), * Level 3 (Advanced Diploma in Higher Education), * Level 4 (Ordinary Degree), * Level 5 (Bachelor Degree with Honors). Mu mwaka wa 2017 Abanyeshuri 375 bigaga mu mashami atandukanye muri Kaminuza Gatolika y’u Rwanda ikorera i Save mu karere ka Gisagara ikanagira Campus ku Itaba mu mujyi wa Butare, bahawe impamyabumenyi z’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/catholic-university-of-rwanda?nocache=1</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/02/they-spent-eight-years-waiting-for-their-graduation/</ref> == '''Amashakiro''' == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri nakaminuza]] qyy25omj4yze5ddkqt65w2d9utl5663 0 9964 81847 81846 2022-02-01T17:15:05Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Catholic University of [[Rwanda]] (CUR) ni Kaminuza ishingiye ku idini rya Kiliziya katorika<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/210177</ref>. == References == [[Ikiciro:Amashuri nakaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda education-related lists]] o4kefegsg1m8gc376dvrf6o1fj6yheg 14 9965 81841 2022-02-01T16:40:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 defined category wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro cy'amashuri yose n'akaminuza ibgcn15eeq6chiekg5bl9u3k932zuc5 0 9966 81857 81856 2022-02-02T10:37:44Z Ange Dusabe 9195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Akazi kanoze EDC.jpg|thumb|Akazi kanoze Logo|border|220x220px]] Akazi Kanoze ni Umushinga wafunguwe muri 2015 numuryango wa USAID ufite intumbero yo gufasha urubyiruko mu kwihangira imirimo Ukaba ushyurwa mu bikorwa nikigo cya EDC(Education Development Center)<ref>https://www.akazikanoze.org/history</ref> == Amateka == Nyuma y'uko umushinga wabanyamerika witwa USAID uteye inkunda umushinga AKAZI Kanoze watangiye ufasha urubyiruko guhera mu mwaka wa 2015, aho bafashije urubyiruko rutandukanye mu bijyanye no kwiteza imbere ndetse no kubongerera ubumenyi nubushobozi mu bikenewe ku masoko. Akazi kanoze katangiranye n'urubyiruko rurenze ibihumbi bibiri harimo abahungu n'abakobwa, umusaruro byatanze nuko mirongo itandatu kwijana by'urubyiruko rwahuguwe babonye imirimo mu bigo bitandukanye hano mu Rwanda. Kuva yashingwa AKA yagiye ifasha cyane urubyiruko mu kubahugura mu bigendanye no kumenya ibikenewe kw'isoko ry'umurimo, kubona igishoro n'uburyo wakibyaza umusaruro, kwihangira imirimo, ubuvugizi ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kongerera urubyiruko ubushobozi.<ref>https://www.akazikanoze.org/</ref> Benshi mubafashishwe cyane nakazi kanoze harimo abakobwa bagera ku munani kwijana bahawe akazi nabandi badamu batabonye amahugurwa<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/akazi-kanoze-access/?originalSubdomain=rw</ref> == Imbogamizi == Akazi kanoze n'umuryango watangiriye mu Rwanda washyizweho cyangwa watekerejweho kubw'ibibazo n'imbogamizi byagaragaraga muri sosiyete nyarwanda harimo nkuko mirongo ine kw'ijana(40%) ryabatuye igihugu cy'u Rwanda n'urubyiruko ruri hagati y'imyaka 14-35 y'ubukure. abarenga ibihumbi bibiri barangiza amashuri yisumbuye buri mwaka naho abarenga ibihumbi mirongo icyenda bajya mu mashuri yigisha ubumenyi ngiro mu Rwanda (TVET School) nyuma yibi byosehakomeza kubaho ikibazo cy;ubushomeri kiri ku kigera cya mirongo itandatu nagatanu kw'ijana (65%) mu Rwanda. Biciye mu bufatanye na minisiteri y'uburezi, akazi kanoze kafashije urubyiruko rwinshi mu kubongerera ubumenyi ndetse n'ubushobozi kugirango batange umusanzu n'imbaraga zabo mw'iterambere ry'igihugu.<ref>https://www.edc.org/akazi-kanoze-2-ak2</ref> == Umusaruro == Akazi kanoze yatanze umusaruro cyane aho kugeza ubu bamaze gufasha barenga ibihumbi bibiri na makumyabiri (220,000) bakaba barabonye amahugurwa abaha ubumenyi ndetse anabategurira kubona ubushobozi bwo guhangana kwisoko ry'umurimo, cyane ko benshi barangizaga amashuri bakaba abashomeri,Akazi kanoze yahinduye ayo mateka ifasha benshi kwitezaimbere.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyBjAYhBQa8&t=25s</ref> Akazi kanoze yafatanije na minisiteri y'uburezi mu guhindura integanyanyigisho mumashuri y'isumbuye zifasha abanyeshuri kurangiza kwiga biteguye guhangana nabandi kwisoko ryumurimo, ibi bikaba byaratangiye muri 2016. Sibyo gusa kandi abanyeshuri bashyizwe mu matsinda yo kwizigamira no kugurizanya aho ubu bafite amatsinda arenga magana atatu na mirongo inane natatu (383) abarenga magana inani bakaba bayabamo buri musi ndetse bakaba bamaze kwizigamira arenga ibihumbi cumi nicyenda byamadorari ($19,000), uru rubyiruko rwose rufite intumbero yo kwitegura akazi, kuko akazi gatanga ubuzima!<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO7M87L0MHk&t=75s</ref> == Aho byakuwe == oz2kv90t495voppm2z8ygal3z6ijcoh 0 9967 81861 81854 2022-02-02T12:51:51Z Ange Dusabe 9195 wikitext text/x-wiki NEP (National Employment Program) Kora wigire ni gahunda yatangijwe na leta y'u Rwanda, igamije guteza imbere urubyiruko mu kwihangira imirimo idashingiye kubuhinzi hibandwa cyane ku rubyiruko, abagore, n'abafite ubumuga<ref>https://kora.rw/jobportal/article/nep-kora-wigire</ref> == Amateka == NEP Kora wigire, Yashizweho mu mwaka wa 2014, ikaba ari gahunda ya leta, ikora muburyo bwo kuyobora, gutanga inama ndetse no gutanga umusaruro. NEP kora wigire ni ihuriro ry'ibigo byinshi bigamije gutanga amakuru yo gutegura imyuga, amakuru n'amahugurwa mu bijyanye no gushakisha akazi hamwe n'izindi nkunda z'ubujyanama zishobora kuvamo cyangwa kubyara akazi. Ibigo byambere bya NEP byashyizwe mu mugi wa [[Kigali]], [[Akarere ka Musanze]] hamwe n'[[Akarere ka Huye]]. NEP Kora wigire nurubuga rwashyizweho n'[[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda]] (RDB) kugirango bagere kuri benshi bifashishije ikorana buhanga<ref>https://kora.rw/jobportal/site/aboutus</ref> == Ibyagezweho == Nyuma y'imyaka itanu NEP Kora wigire yagize umumaro cyane, aho yafashije urubyirko mu kongera ubumenyi no kunoza ibyo bakora biciye muri gahunda ya Made in Rwanda, NEP kora wigire ikaba yaratanze amahugurwa mu bigo bitandukanye by'imyuga iyaha urubyiruko mu bice bitandukanye harimo ububaji, guteka no kwakira abashyitsi,ubwubatsi, gusudira ndetse n'ubukanishi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/nep-kora-wigire-imaze-kwigisha-imyuga-urubyiruko-ibihumbi-45</ref> == Intumbero == NEP Kora wigire ni imwe muri gahundaza leta zitezweho kuzamura umubare w'urubyiruko n'abagore rw'ihangira imirimo idashingiye kubuhinzi kugera kuri (75%) abarangije aya mahugurwa bahambwa inguzanyo zo kubafasha gushyira mubikorwa imishinga yabo aho babasonera kuva kuri 20% kugera kuri 50% bitewe n'ingano y'inguzanyo kandi bagashobozwa kubona ingwate biciye muri BDF. Intego ya kabiri ya NEP kora wigire nuguteza imbere umuco wo kwihangira imirimo ndetse n'imishinga mito cyangwa iciriritse ikabasha gushyigikirwa<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/gahunda-ya-nep-kora-wigire-imaze</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == ccso6e34164t1teuzrbxofydbve8y12 0 9968 81889 81862 2022-02-03T20:06:31Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Harambee n'umuryango udaharanira inyungu ufite uburambe bwinshi mu gushaka ibisubizo n'udushya dushobora gukemura ikibazo cy'uushomeri kwisi yose uhereye mu Rwanda no muri Afurika.<ref>https://www.harambee.co.za/</ref> == Ibyo Bakora == Harambee ni ikigo cyashyiriweho gukemura ibibazo cy'ubushomeri cyari cyugarije urubyuruko cyane cyane rurangije kaminuza; hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, ubufatanye ndetse no guhanga udushya kugirango bareme ibisubizo bifatika birandura ubushomeri mu rubyiruko. Harambe akaba ari ikigo kimaze imyaka irenga icumi kikaba gikorera mu Rwanda no mugihugu cya afurika yepfo. Mu Rwanda gikorera kuri maison de gene kimisagara.<ref>https://www.harambee.co.za/about/</ref> == Amahugurwa atangwa na Harambee == Harambee itanga amahugurwa ku bantu bose bashaka akazi bari hagati y'imyaka cumi n'umunani kugeza kuri mirono itatu n'itanu(18-35); Harambee itanga amahugurwa kubantu bashaka kwihugura mu kuvuga ururimi rw'icyengereza, kwiga gukoresha mudasobwa neza, kwihugura muburyo umuntu ategura ikizamini cy'akazi<ref>https://www.harambee.rw/register/</ref> oip4b63k7nkstbt3788n5enp1v8wzs6 0 9969 81867 81866 2022-02-02T14:18:34Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Silas Lwakabamba.jpg|thumb|Prof Dr Silas Lwakabamba]] == Pros,Dr Silas Rwakabamba == ni umunyarwanda wavukiye mugihugu cyabaturanyi cya [[Tanzaniya]] ndetse aba arinaho yigiye amashuriye.<ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/person/prof-dr-silas-lwakabamba</ref> yize kandi muri [[Ubwongereza|Kaminuza ya Leeds]] mugihugu cy'Ubwongereza ari naho yize ibijyanye nubuhanga muri Bsc mu mwaka wi 1971 na PHD MU 1975 nyuma yaho kandi Prof Dr Rwakabamba yaje gusubira mu gihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] aho yinjiye nku mwarimu muri [[Tanzaniya|Kaminuza ya Daar es alam]] mwishami ry'ubwubatsi. == Ibindi == Prof Dr Rwakabamba Silas yabaye kandi umuyobozi mukuru wikigo cy'ubumenyi nikorana buhanga cy [[Kigali]] ageze mu [[Rwanda]] kandi yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa [[Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2006 nyuma yaho kandi mu mwaka wa 2013 yagizwe minisitiri wibikorwa Remezo muri guverinoma yu Rwanda muri 2014 yabaye kandi Minisitiri w'uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] kugeza<ref>https://wasd.org.uk/network/name/silas-lwakabamba/</ref> == Ibishya == prof Dr Rwakabamba kandi kubera ubushobozi nubuhanga yatoranyijwe na leta y' igihugu<ref>https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210613075554879</ref> cy'ubwongereza nkuwahagararira kaminuza yabo mu [[Rwanda]] [[Ubwongereza|Coventry university]] bitezeho ko kubushobozi bwe nububasha ndetse nibitekerezo bye nkumuntu ushoboye bizongerera cyane itsinda ryiyo [[Ubwongereza|Kaminuza ya coventry]] gusobanukirwa no kubaka umubano mu bihugu bya [[Afurika]] yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara<ref>https://www.coventry.ac.uk/news/2021/coventry-university-group-appoints-rwandas-former-education-minister-to-lead-its-new-africa-hub/</ref> == Imirimo == Prof Dr Rwakabamba Silas yetzweho muri manda yiwe muriyi [[Rwanda|Kaminuza]] azateza Imbere ubucuruzi mu Karere akoresheje ubunararibonye afite ndetse nubu menyi n'urusobe Rwitumanaho<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/prof-lwakabamba-chair-coventry-universitys-new-africa-hub</ref> == Amavuko == Prof Dr Silas Rwakabamba yavutse mu mwaka wi 1947 avikira mugihugu cy'abaturanyi cya Tanzaniye nkuko twabisomye haruguru bivugwa ko ari naho yize mbere yuko ajya [[Ubwongereza|mubwongereza]] == Reba hano == cd7ww72wze42zwdsvu9gfciz10k4e8d 0 9971 81879 81877 2022-02-03T18:41:06Z Endikuemmy 9914 new edited wikitext text/x-wiki '''DOT Rwanda''' ni umuryango ukorera mu [[Rwanda]] udaharanira inyungu ufite inkomoko mu igihugu cya [[Kanada|Canada]]. Ibikorwa by'uyu muryango ku isi byatangijwe na Madamu Janet Longmore<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/20786936</ref> muri 2001 ubwo yatangiraga kumugaragaro uyu muryango ufasha urubyiruko guteza imbere ibikorwa byabo by'ubucuruzi bigamije iterambere aho muri Canada<ref>https://www.developmentaid.org/#!/organizations/view/131357/digital-opportunity-trust-dot-rwanda</ref>. Uyu muryango muryango wamenyekanye ku isi nka Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) watangiye ibikorwa byo gufasha urubyiruko gushyira mu ibikorwa imishinga ifite udushya no guhindura sosiyeti nziza mu Rwanda ahashyira mu mwaka wa 2010<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/dot-rwanda-celebrates-10-years-youth-led-community-impact</ref>, ubwo wageraga mu Rwanda bwa mbere witwa DOT Rwanda.<ref>https://rwanda.dotrust.org/</ref> uyu muryango mu Rwanda uhagarariwe na madamu Violette Uwamutara ndetse akaba ari na African Region Advisor. == '''Amateka''' == [[DOT Rwanda]] nyuma yo kugera mu Rwanda yatangiye ibikorwa bitandukanye byiganjemo ibyo guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'urubyiruko binyuze muri gahunda zitandukanye ifatanyije na Minisiteri y'ikoranabuhanga mu Rwanda (MINICT)<ref>https://www.minict.gov.rw/news-detail/digital-ambassador-programme-to-connect-5-million-rwandans</ref> na Minisiteri y'urubyiruko (Miniyouth)<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/dot-rwanda-celebrates-10-years-youth-led-community-impact</ref> , zimwe muri izo programs; '''intore mu Ikoranabuhanda''', '''Start up, Reach up, Innojo, Digital ambassador'''<ref>http://digitalinclusionnewslog.itu.int/2019/12/20/dot-rwanda-young-digital-ambassadors-celebrated-for-contributing-to-greater-digital-inclusion/</ref>''', Daring to Shift, Gera ku ntego, Girl street, nizindi.''' DOT Rwanda ikorana n'urubyiruko, abikorera, guverinoma, n’imiryango iharanira inyungu z'abaturage n'iterambere rigamije kubageza ku cyerekezo cy'iterambere no gutinyuka guhanga udushya. Mu mwaka wa 2012 DOT Rwanda niho yabaye umufatanyabikorwa wa Minisiteri y'urubyiruko nkuko bivugwa na minisitiri Honorable Rose mary Mbabazi ufite urubyiruko mu inshingano ze <ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/dot-rwanda-celebrates-10-years-youth-led-community-impact</ref> ni mu ijambo yagejeje ku abantu bari bitabiriye isabukuru y'imyaka icumi DOT Rwanda imaze ikorera mu Rwanda kuwa 31 Werurwe 2021. Umuyobozi wa DOT ku isi Janet Longmore yashimiye abayobozi b'igihugu ndetse anavugako yishimiye impinduka DOT Rwanda yagize mu iterambere ry'abanyarwanda mu myaka 10 Ishize yagize ati " amajyambere amaze gugerwaho kandi ikigaragara kuri njye nuko ingaruka za DOT Rwanda zagize uruhare runini muri societe yu Rwanda", kuri uwo munsi niho hashyizwe k'umugaragaro program nshya ya Daring to Shift igamije kongerera ubushobozi urubyiruko rukora ubucuruzi butandukanye aho izajya ifasha abakobwa cyangwa abagore ku kigero cya 70% ndetse n'abagabo 30% ariko batarengeje imyaka 35 yubukure.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/dot-rwanda-celebrates-10-years-youth-led-community-impact</ref> Mu myaka 10 gusa DOT Rwanda yashyizeho ihuriro rikomeye kandi rishya ry’abanyeshuri 821 barangije muri porogaramu zitandukanye; abambasaderi b'ikoranabuhanga, abayobozi b’abaturage, hamwe n’abashya mu mibereho, bahaye imbaraga bagenzi babo ndetse n’abaturage. == '''Ibyagezweho''' == DOT Rwanda yahuguye urubyiruko yibanda ku kuzamura ubukungu burambye kuva mu 2010. Urubyiruko n’abagore barenga 62.000 mu Rwanda bitabiriye amahugurwa yo kongerera urubyiruko ubushobizi mukuyobora (youth leadership) , kwihangira imirimo, na gahunda zo guhanga udushya. Binyuze muri iki gikorwa, Abanyarwanda 109.000 (50%by'abagore) muri rusange bahawe ubumenyi bwa digitale, kwihangira imirimo no kuyobora, kwihangana, hamwe n’imiyoboro kugira ngo babone umutekano kandi batange imibereho myiza kandi bagire uruhare mu iterambere ry’abaturage <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/dot-rwanda-hailed-for-contribution-to-youth-empowerment-initiatives</ref>.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/dot-rwanda-celebrates-10-years-youth-led-community-impact</ref> [[Dosiye:Youth_In_ICT,_Northern_Ghana.jpg|thumb|Youth In ICT (both women and men), Rwanda ]] Muri Werurwe 2021, DOT Rwanda yatangije Daring to Shift (D2S) umushinga wimyaka ine ushyira abakobwa bakiri bato murwego rwo gukura kwuzuye. Uyu mushinga uzagaragaramo urubyiruko 7,650 (abakobwa 70% bakiri bato) bafite hagati yimyaka 18 na 35 bayobora ibikorwa byiterambere byiterambere ryabo mumiryango yabo hejuru yinkingi eshatu; 1) Gutezimbere ubucuruzi binyuze muguhuza ibikoresho nubuhanga bushya bwa digitale, (2) Gukoresha binyuze muri Digital <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/40-youth-awarded-prototyping-funds-during-4th-edition-dot-rwanda-gera-ku-ntego</ref> Kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 2021 ba rwiyemezamirimo 40 ba Aspiring Social Entrepreneurs (abagore 31 n'abagabo 9) baturutse mu turere 20 bahawe ikigega cya prototyping hamwe na [https://rwanda.dotrust.org/ Digital Opportunity Trust (DOT) Rwanda], bikaba biteganijwe ko bizabafasha gufungura amahirwe mashya mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/40-youth-awarded-prototyping-funds-during-4th-edition-dot-rwanda-gera-ku-ntego</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?dot-rwanda-irasaba-urubyiruko-rw-u-rwanda-guhindura-imyumvire</ref> [[Dosiye:Valentine_Rugwabiza_at_left_Digital_Inclusion-_Towards_Equal_access,_skills_and_leadership_for_women_and_girls.jpg|thumb|Digital Opportunity Trust Rwanda "Digital Inclusion- Towards Equal access, skills and leadership for women and girls"]] == '''Akazi''' == DOT Rwanda itanga akazi k'urubyiruko rw'abakobwa cyangwa abagore bakiri bato ndetse n'abagabo batarengeje imyaka 35 y'ubukure biciye muri program zayo zitandukanye.<ref>https://mucuruzi.com/digital-champions-and-business-coaches-at-digital-opportunity-trust-dot-rwanda-deadline-9-march-2021/</ref> == '''Indanganturo''' == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Kwihangirimirimo]] dfk7xi7i5cs0n34x6jlor8h6gfdqb06 0 9973 81888 81887 2022-02-03T19:39:02Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Ibindi wareba */ wikitext text/x-wiki Jean Claude Muhire, Ni rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] ufite uburambe burenga imyaka itanu (5) mu guharanira iterambere ry'abaturage cyane cyane yibanda ku kubaka amahoro, uburezi bw'abana no kubavuganira. Jean Claude ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo kidashingiye ku nyungu Love the Kids Rwanda Orgranization (LKRO)<ref>https://lovethekidsrwanda.org/team-member/1</ref> akaba ari nawe wagishinze. == Amateka == Muhire nyuma yo kubura maman we ku myaka 12 gusa ntagire n'amahirwe yo kubona papa we, yakuranye na nyirakuru utari ufite ubushobozi bwo kumwitaho bituma ahura n'ibizazane mu mikurire ye nkabandi bana ndetse yavutse ari ikinege; ibi byatumye akura afite intego yo gufasha abana bo kumuhanda akabakura mu buzima bwo kuba mayibobo, akabahindurira ubuzima biciye mu kigo Love the kids Rwanda Organization. Muhire n'umunyarwanda uharanira amahoro, Umukinnyi wa filime yitwa "LIZA" ivuga kwihohoterwa abana babakobwa bakunda guhura naryo ndetse n'umwanditsi w'ibitabo.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/muhire-why-he-won-french-human-rights-award</ref> Muhire mu mwaka wa bibiri na makumyabiri (2020) basanze imyiko ze zose zarashegeshwe zitagishoboye gukora aho zari zigeze kukiciro cya nyuma iyo atabona umutabara yari gupfa, yaje guhambwa impyiko n'umukunzi we ndetse waje kuba umugore we muri 2020 witwa Uwera Ingabire Marie Reine.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/andi-makuru/article/muhire-jean-claude-yambitse-impeta-umukobwa-wamuhaye-impyiko</ref> == Ikigo Love the Kids Rwanda (LKR) == LKRO<ref>https://lovethekidsrwanda.org/about</ref> ni ikigo gifasha abana bimfubyi cyane cyane abana bo mu muhanda cyangwa batagira kivurira kibaha amahirwe ibyo bakeneye mu mikurire yabo ngo batange umusaruro ndetse bagere ku nzozi zabo. Iki kigo cyatangiye muri 2015 gitangirana abana cumi n'abarindwi (17), aho kugeza ubu bafite ijana na mirongo itanu nabatatu(153) baturuka mu miryango itifashije ndetse ibayeho nabi muri sosiyete nyarwanda babaha amafaranga y'ishuri, ibikoresho by'ishuri harimo imyambaro y'ishuri, amakaye, amakaramu, ibikoresho by'isuku n'ibindi kuva mumashuri y'incuke kugeza mu mashuri y'isumbuye<ref name=":0" />. Iki kigo cyabonye abafatanya bikorwa benshi harimo umushinga 250 effect, umushinga udaharanira inyungu ufasha abana batishoboye, harimo ibigo byabihaye Imana ndetse nabantu kugiti cyabo bumva ko kuberaho abandi ari inshingano ya buri wese. == Ibihembo y'atsindiye == Jean Claude Muhire yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi harimo African award leader of the year [https://international.appstate.edu/node/980 2016], Global dialogues context international winner 2015,World of children hero award nominee 2018,Queens young leader highly commended runner-up 2016, nibindi byinshi<ref>https://rw.usembassy.gov/yali-2018/</ref> == Ibindi wareba == Jean Claude interview with Radio Rwanda<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcyT7_dfWyY</ref> Liza Film yanditswe ikanasohorwa na Jean Claude <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl0y7tJxXls</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Urukundo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubutwari]] 8odvqe9sx0mvubwojyj3e4alwbbkzgu 14 9974 81878 2022-02-03T18:36:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 created category wikitext text/x-wiki Gufasha urubyiruko guhanga imirimo mishya hagamijwe guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'abaturage 047hzag38gaopj26k06ktqo39lrq4et 14 9975 81884 2022-02-03T19:22:22Z Ange Dusabe 9195 Adding category wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] dufite uburezi burimo ibyiciro bitatu, amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse na kaminuza. gusa abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu biga mu mashuri y'incuke. kqz3t78q1hs52ub7mnkvvxrmqfijx5e 14 9976 81886 2022-02-03T19:24:57Z Ange Dusabe 9195 Created page with "Uburenganzira bwa muntu, ni ikiciro kirimo ibigo by'igenda n'ibya leta biharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu no kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye kugitsina" wikitext text/x-wiki Uburenganzira bwa muntu, ni ikiciro kirimo ibigo by'igenda n'ibya leta biharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu no kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye kugitsina h8b8msal5v6gck3jnmf59cxanfjotht 0 9977 81895 81890 2022-02-05T03:14:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[Dr. Romain Murenzi]] to [[Romain Murenzi]]: I would like to change this tittle on the name Romain Murenzi As his correct Name with Dr tittle because it will will be used in his detail information wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dr. Romain Murenzi''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1959 Afite ubwenegihugu bwa [[Amerika|America]], ni umuhanga mu isomo ry'ubugenge (Physics), yahoze ari minisitiri w'ubumenyi (science) mu [[Rwanda]]. == '''Amashuri''' == Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Burundi</ref> mu 1982. Mu mwaka 1986 yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza (Master) muri Physics muri Kaminuza Gatolika ya Louvain ([[:en:Université_catholique_de_Louvain|Université catholique de Louvain]]) mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] maze mu mwaka 1990 ahakura impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. . Muri 2013 yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mu ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho muri kaminuza ya [[:en:University_of_Strathclyde|Strathclyde]] (UK). == '''Amateka y'akazi''' == Murenzi yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa TWAS (The World Academy of Sciences)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences</ref>, muguteza imbere siyanse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere i Trieste<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste</ref>, mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]<ref>http://www.twas.org/article/murenzi-appointed-twas-executive-director</ref>. Yatangiye gukora kuri uwo mwanya kuva muri mata 2011 kugeza Gicurasi 2016. Nyuma yamaze amezi 14 ari umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubumenyi na politiki no kongera ubushobozi "Natural Sciences sector for UNESCO in [[Paris]]" mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], yagarutse ku mirimo ye nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa TWAS muri Nzeri 2017. Murenzi yabaye umwarimu w'ubugenge muri kaminuza ya [[:en:Clark_Atlanta_University|Clark Atlanta]] (USA) kuva 1993 kugeza 2001, akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubugenge kuva 1999 kugeza 2001. Muri 2001, perezida w'u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] yamugize Minisitiri w'uburezi, ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n'itumanaho. Kuva muri Werurwe 2006 kugeza Nyakanga 2009, yabaye minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n'itumanaho. Nk'uko urubuga rwa [[:en:Science_and_Development_Network|SciDev.net]] rubitangaza ngo Minisitiri Murenzi yagize uruharinmuguteza imbere ubumenyi bwa siyansi mu gihugu<ref>http://www.scidev.net/global/capacity-building/news/romain-murenzi-appointed-as-next-twas-director.html</ref>.Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hamwe nabandi bahanga nka [[:en:Andrea_Zitolo|Andrea Zitolo]] na [[:en:Bai_Chunli|Bai Chunli]],yashyigikiraga umwuga w'abashakashatsi bakiri bato muri Siyanse<ref>https://twas.org/article/murenzi-named-key-policy-post-unesco</ref><ref>https://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/en/events/esy-2017-energies-and-synergies</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2009, yavuye mu Rwanda ajya kuba umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamerika rishinzwe guteza imbere Ubumenyi ([[:en:American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science|American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS]]) ikigo cy'ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere rirambye, ryibanda cyane cyane ku bihugu biri mu inzira y'amajyambere<ref>http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2010/0813murenzi.shtml</ref>. Yatorewe kuba umwe mubagize TWAS mu 2005 n’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi nyafurika ('''African Academy of Sciences''') muri 2012<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences</ref>. Yabaye kandi umwarimu wasuye muri kaminuza ya [[:en:University_of_Maryland|Maryland]]. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwa Murenzi bwibanze ku gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro myinshi ikomeza ihinduka ([http://unsdsn.org/about-us/people/romain-murenzi/ Quantum mechanics]); gutunganya amafoto n'amashusho , siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga. == '''Indanganturo''' == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] kc2khr6rfpqm3a2yn63f870jwbrfoiy 0 9978 81896 2022-02-05T03:14:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[Dr. Romain Murenzi]] to [[Romain Murenzi]]: I would like to change this tittle on the name Romain Murenzi As his correct Name with Dr tittle because it will will be used in his detail information wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Romain Murenzi]] esk18ri6clifa3lslkbqfflt071auca 0 9979 81898 81897 2022-02-05T05:01:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 edited wikitext text/x-wiki Domitilla Mukantaganzwa yavutse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1964 i Kimihurura mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]], yashakanye n'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi wa Leta ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] Theoneste Mutsindashyaka. == Amashuri == Madamu Domitilla yize amashuri abanza muri Ecole Primaire Kacyiru mu 1971, yakomereje muri Notre Dame de Lourdes de Byimana, ubu ni mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] aho yize ikiciro rusange (O'Level). Nyuma yagiye muri Lycee Notre Dame De Citeaux ahakomereza ikiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye (A'Level) akurikirana amasomo y'ubukungu, kugeza mu 1983 ubwo yinjiraga muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda (NUR), ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] (UR), aho yavanye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciri cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu by'amategeko<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref>. Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) mu bijyanye n’amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga yakuye mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw'amahoro n’ububanyi n’amahanga ('''Institute of Peace Studies and International Relations (HIPSIR) of Hekima University College''') cya kaminuza ya Hekima<ref>https://www.hekima.ac.ke/index.php/hipsir</ref>, muri [[Kenya]], akaba yakurikiranye isomo ry'amategeko mu kigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD))<ref>https://ilpd.ac.rw/</ref> ahabona impamyabumenyi y’amategeko. [[Dosiye:Facade_of_National_University_of_Rwanda_-_Huye-Butare_-_Southern_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|National University of Rwanda - Huye-Butare - Southern Rwanda aho Mukantaganzwa yize kaminuza]] == '''Amateka ajyanye n'akazi yakoze''' == Mukantaganzwa yinjiye mu mirimo y'igihugu mu 1987 nka Assistant Burgomastre wa Komine ya Nyarugenge mbere yo kwinjira muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi nk'umukozi ushinzwe kwiyandikisha (registration officer). Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri ishinzwe imibereho myiza n’umurimo mbere gato yo kwinjira mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku bana [https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw UNICEF]. Ubwo yageraga muri komisiyo ishinzwe amategeko n’itegeko nshinga yateguye Itegeko Nshinga rya 2003. Mu Kwakira 2003, yagizwe umuyobozi wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe guca imanza za Genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 (Gacaca) kugeza mu 2012<ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-gacaca-courts-near-end</ref>, arangije icyo gikorwa maze ashyikiriza guverinoma raporo yibyavuyemo<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/mukantaganzwa-washinzwe-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko-ni-muntu-ki/</ref>. Kuwa 4 ukuboza 2019 yagizwe perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kuvugurura amategeko aho yari asimbuye Aimable Havugiyaremye kuri iyi mirimo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/mukantaganzwa-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-komisiyo-yo-kuvugurura-amategeko</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukantaganzwa-chairperson-rlrc</ref><ref>https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/21450</ref> [[Dosiye:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_the_President_of_Rwanda,_Mr._Paul_Kagame_at_the_delegation_level_talks,_at_Kigali,_Rwanda_on_July_23,_2018_(1).JPG|thumb|Rwanda Leaders]] Mukantaganzwa ni umwe mubagize akanama nkemurampaka k'umuryango [https://www.unity-club.rw/home Unity Club] Intwararumuri washinzwe na Madamu nyakubahwa Jeannete Kagame Gashyantare 1996 hagamijwe gutanga umusanzu mu “Kwimakaza umuco w’ubumwe n’amahoro, byo nkingi z’iterambere rirambye<ref>https://m.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/itangira-ryari-rigoye-urugendo-rw-imyaka-25-unity-club-imaze-yita-ku-kunga</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Byinshi-mu-bimaze-kugerwaho-nUmuryango-Unity-Club-Intwararumuri-mu-myaka-25-umaze</ref> == '''Indanganturo''' == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 669h3kf667fklygspv6bt2j5hv98116 0 9980 81899 2022-02-05T06:53:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 new invented wikitext text/x-wiki Mutsindashyaka Théoneste ni mwene Nyandwi Michel na Mukandego Bonifrida, yavutse ku itariki ya 24/12/1962 mu mudugudu wa Musezero, Akagari ka Musezero, Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] ho Mujyi wa [[Kigali]] yashakanye na [[Domitilla Mukantaganzwa]], wamenyekanye mu Nkiko Gacaca uherutse kugirwa Perezida wa Komisiyo y’u [[Rwanda]] Ishinzwe Ivugururwa ry’Amategeko (RLRC). == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu masomo y’ubugenge (Masters in Physics) yakuye muri Kminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda. == Amateka y'akazi == Mutsindashyaka yako muri minisiteri '''y’urubyiruko, umuco na siporo ari''' umunyamabanga mukuru kuva 1994-1996, yagize uruhare mu kongera gusubiza ku murongo urubyiruko nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Agira uruhare mu ishyirwaho ry’ingando z’urubyiruko mu rwego rwo kurushishikariza kwitandukanya n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Yagize uruhare mu isanwa ry’ingoro z’imirage na sitade no guteza imbere amarushanwa mu mikino itandukanye. Muri 1996 kugeza 1999 yakoze muri '''Minisiteri y’umutekano w’igihugu''' nk'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'''umunyamabanga mukuru, yagize uruhare mu ishyirwaho rw’ibiro bishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka, itangizwa rya pasiporo zigezweho ndetse n’indangamuntu ya mbere itarimo ubwoko, ishingwa rya polisi y’u Rwanda isimbuye abapolisi ba komine. Kuva mu Kwakira 1999 kugeza muri Werurwe 2001 yakomeje akazi muri minisiteri '''y’abakozi ba leta n’umurimo''' nk'''<nowiki/>'''' umunyamabanga mukuru, yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho impinduka muri politiki y’abakozi ba leta, ibijyanye n’umushahara, n'ibyo gushyiraho RAMA. Muri Werurwe 2001 azivaho mu Kuboza 2006 yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] ari meyor wa kane (4) asimbuye Marc Kabanda<ref>muri Werurwe 2001 azivaho mu Kuboza 2006</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Kigali</ref>, yamenyekanye cyane nk’umwe mu bayobozi bazi gufata ibyemezo bikomeye birimo icyo kuvugurura umujyi wa [[kigali]]. Yabaye Guverineri w’Intara y’i Burasirazuba kuva Mutarama 2006 kugeza muri Werurwe 2008<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-you-need-know-about-new-ambassadors-appointed-cabinet</ref>. Kuva Werurwe 2008 kugera Nyakanga 2009 yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-mutsindashyaka-presents-copies-of-credentials-to-represent-rwanda-in-congo</ref><ref>https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.175.1343&rep=rep1&type=pdf</ref>, yagize uruhare mu gutangiza no gushyira mu bikorwa: politiki yo kwiga mu rurimi rw’icyongereza mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]], itangizwa ry’amashuri y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 (Nine Years Basic Education -9YBE), Mwalimu Sacco, kuzana abanyamahanga basaga ibihumbi 43 bafashije mu kwigisha icyongereza mu mashuri (instructors), gahunda ya mudasobwa imwe ku mwana, zagombaga guhabwa abasaga ibihumbi 100. Yagize kandi uruhare mu gushishikariza abakobwa kwiga amasomo y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro, gusa uyu mwanya ntabwo wamugendeye neza cyane kuko yaje yawuvanwaho ndetse afungirwa muri gereza ya Kigali yamenyekanye nka (1930) kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 2009<ref>https://rwandaises.com/2009/07/mutsindashyaka-yasezerewe-ku-kazi/</ref> kurubu yitwa Mageragere, aho yakekwagaho kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, inyandiko mpimbano, kwigwizaho umutungo muburyo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, no kubeshya urwego rw’umuvunyi umutungo afite,. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohotse muri gereza agizwe umwere, kuva icyo gihe ntiyongeye kugaragara muri politiki kugeza muri 2013 ubwo yahabwaga umwanya wo guhagararira u Rwanda muri RECSA<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/08/nduhungirehe-mutsindashyaka-uwacu-bounce-back-as-cabinet-makes-key-appointments/</ref><ref>http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/08/15/mutsindashyaka-inkundwakazi-amateka-ibihe-ninkuru-ze-aho-yanyuze-kuva-mu-1994/</ref><ref>https://www.recsasec.org/</ref><ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2017/rw-government-gazette-dated-2017-05-22-no-21.pdf</ref>umwanya yahawe ku wa 24 Mata 2013. Ubu yari awumazeho imyaka 7 n’amezi 4. Kuwa Gatanu tariki 14 Kanama 2020 Inama y’Abaminisitiri yateranye yagaragaje imyanzuro irimo ko Mutsindashyaka Théoneste yagizwe ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Repubulika ya Congo(Congo Brazzavile)<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri nakaminuza]] d2an76xspqwiezwgou6nc3urs5w5q9o 0 9983 81924 81923 2022-02-05T18:00:46Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editin cite wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ines ruhengeri.jpg|thumb|ines ruhengeri ]] '''Ines Ruhengeri''' ni kamanuza yigenga itanga ubumenyi mu mashami atandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] ikaba yarashinzwe mu mwaka wa bibiri ni itatu (2003) , ni mwe muri kaminuza zo mu [[Rwanda]] iherere mu karere ka musanze mu ntara ya amajyaru ikaba ifite abanyeshuri batandukanye bahavoma ubumenyi abanyarwanda na abanyamahang<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/ines-ruhengeri-yakiriye-inama-isesengura-uko-imyigishirize-y-ubwubatsi-yatezwa-imbere</ref> . AMATEKA '''INES Ruhengeri''' yashinzwe yafunguye amarembo ku mugaragaro taliki ya 17 ugushyingo muri 2003<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/abiga-muri-ines-ruhengeri-bakomeje-kuvumbura-imishinga-isubiza-ibibazo-byugarije-abaturage</ref> ikaba itanga impamyabumenyi zitandukanye harimo ikiciro cya mbere cya akaminuza " bachalor degree " ni impamyabumenyi yusumbuyeho y ikiciro cya kabiri cya akaminuza ariyo " masters " <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/miss-wa-ines-ruhengeri-w-umurundikazi-yisanze-ari-gukina-filimi-mu-kinyarwanda</ref>harimo amashami ya za siyanse , imisoro ,uburezi ,icungamari na andi mashimiatandukanye . [[Dosiye:Kamuza ruhengeri.jpg|thumb|imbere mur ines]] Ines Ruhengere imaze guha ubumenye mu mashami yayo atandukanye kuva 2003 abanyeshuri barenga ibihumbi birindwi (7000) bahakuye impamyabumenye zitandukanye <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/over-700-graduate-ines-ruhengeri</ref> == Imiyoborere ya kaminuza Ines Ruhengeri == Kaminuza ya Ines Ruhengere iyobowe na Padiri Dr Hagenimana Fabien <ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/mushiki-wa-mutsinzi-ange-ari-mu-bahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-bright-ines</ref> , ubuyobizi bwa kaminuza mu nzego zitandukanye bufatanya nu ubuyobozi bwa abanyeshuri mu kugera ku ntego za kaminuza ni iterambere ryayo muri rusange . == Amasomo == '''Ikiciro cya mbere cya kamunuza amashami ni aya akurikira mu rurimi ru icyongereza "Undergraduate"''' * Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, *   Plant Biotechnology, * Food Biotechnology, * Civil Engineering, * Computer Science, * Land Survey * Land Administration and Management, * Statistics Applied to Economy, * Financial Economics, * Rural Development Economics * Accounting, * Entrepreneurship Development and Management, * Public Administration and Good Governance, * Education in French and English, Law<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ines-ruhengeri-irishimira-uruhare-rwayo-mu-iterambere-ryabanyarwanda/</ref>. '''Icyiciro cya kabiri cy impabumyenyi ya akaminuza ya Ines Ruhengeri " postgraduate "''' mu cyongere * Master of Arts in Microfinance, * Master of Arts in Entrepreneurship and SME’s Management, * Master of Science in Taxation and Master of Arts in Cooperatives Management<ref>https://www.rlrc.gov.rw/index.php?id=82&L=0&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=83&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5</ref> == Amashakiro == [[INESS RUHENGERI|Jump to navigationJump to search]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza na amashuri makuru Mu Rwanda]] {{DEFAULTSORT:INES_RUHENGERI}} g14znn02pcsv0nrg0d702iimh0ackig 0 9984 81995 81926 2022-02-11T20:41:05Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 insert pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:CHUR.jpg|thumb|KAMINUZA YA GIKIRISITU Y 'U RWANDA ]] Kamunuza ya Gikirisitu y u Rwanda " Christian university of Rwanda (CHUR) ni kaminuza yigenga ikorera mu gihugu cy u Rwanda Ikaba itanga ubumenye mu mashami atandukanye ikaba ifite abanyeshure bari hagati (10,000-50,000) , ikaba iherereye mu ntara ya amajyaruguru mu mujyi wa gitesi<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abakozi-n-abanyeshuri-ba-christian-university-of-rwanda-basuye-urwibutso-rwa</ref> . == AMATEKA == CHUR ni kamunuza nigenga y itorero ry abangirikani ikaba iri kumwanya wa 18 muri kamunuza zo mu Rwanda ikaba iri ku mwanya wa 12811 ku rutonde rwa kaminuza zo ku isi ,<ref>Christian University of Rwanda Ranking (topuniversitieslist.com)</ref> == IMIYOBORERE == CHUR ifite ubuyobozi bwa akaminuza muri rusange bufatanya nu ubwabanyeshuri mu kugera ku iterambere rya kaminuza == ''AMASOMO'' == CHUR ifite amasomo atandukanye arimo , aya za siyanse na tekinologi , ubuhinzi ,iterambere ry icyaro , uburezi na andi abanyeshuri ba CHUR bavomamo ubumenyi butandukanye <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/mineduc-yatangaje-izindi-kaminuza-ebyiri-zahagaritswe</ref> * Faculty of Science and Technology * Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development * Faculty of Business, Trade and Investment * Faculty of Education * Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences<ref>https://udahiliportal.com/christian-university-of-rwanda-chur-faculties</ref> == Ibindi wamenya kuri CHUR == CHUR ni kaminuza yi genda ya gikiristu ya korega mu [[Rwanda]] ubu ikaba yarahagaritwe mu mwaka wa 2020 muri kaminuza zitanga ubumenyi mu gihugu cy u Rwanda<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/hec-siyo-ifunga-amashuri-ahubwo-nitwe-tubyitera-dr-habumuremye-damien</ref> . == AMASHAKIRO == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza na amashuri makuru Mu Rwanda]] p9llgj4b2h0umsrk2h9ofklsd3nu776 0 9985 81912 2022-02-05T17:15:27Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 UWIMPUHWE Va moved page [[INESS RUHENGERI]] to [[INES RUHENGERI]]: editing name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[INES RUHENGERI]] i57madfpajtn6d2k3lkrujuw31rv65w 14 9986 81913 2022-02-05T17:16:30Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 new category wikitext text/x-wiki name chl6tk4k3f8cb0c1lfpdlfjtsyfuess 14 9987 81914 2022-02-05T17:17:30Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 new category wikitext text/x-wiki n oh2rif7evp5obgx16x2w2t6pjpreh7u 0 9988 81994 81930 2022-02-11T18:31:21Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 insert pic wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:UTAB.jpg|thumb|kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba ]] Kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ya byumba mu magambo y icyongereza ni "U niversity of Technology and Arts of Byumba (UTAB)", ni kaminuza yo mu Rwanda itanga ubumenyi butandukanye mu mashami y' ikoranabuhanga n' ubugeni iherere mu ntara y' amajyaruguru mu karere ka gicumbi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/batsindiye-kwiga-muri-kaminuza-batararangiza-n-ayisumbuye</ref>. == Amateka == UTAB ni kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni iherere mu karere ka gicumbi ikaba yarakinguhe amarembo ya abashaka ubumenyi muri mutarama ku wa 26 mu mwaka wa bibiri ni tandatu (2006) ikaba yaritwaga "Institut Polytechnique de Byumba(IPB)" <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/kaminuza-ya-utab-yabonye-umuyobozi-mushya</ref> . Ku wa 25 ugushyingo 2015 icyahoze cyitwa IPB <ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/ipb-byumba</ref>cyahindutse UTAB hiyongeramo andi masomo ajyanye ni icunga mutungo , uburezi ndetse nayandi iba kamunuza yemeywe mu Rwanda n' icyigo gishinzwe amashuri na za kaminuza mu Rwanda aricyo HEC. UTAB ni kaminuza imaze imyaka irenga 10 gitanga ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni ku banyeshuri babanyarwanda na abanyamahanga <ref>https://twitter.com/newtimesrwanda/status/1007936829021138944</ref>. == Ubuyobozi == Ubuyobozi bwa kaminuza y ikoranabuhanga n ubugeni <ref>UTAB yabonye abayobozi bashya basimbura abarimo Padiri Nyombayire bayiyoboraga - IGIHE.com</ref>ya byumba iyobowe na Prof. Dr Clet NIYIKIZA afatanyije na Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Nzakamwita Servilien, Umushumba wa Diyoseze ya Byumba ni izindi nzego za UTAB n' ubuyobozi bwa abanyeshuri <ref>Kaminuza ya UTAB yabonye umuyobozi mushya - Kigali Today</ref>. == Amasomo == UTAB itanga amasomo mu byiciro bitandukanye nka " undergraduate " icyiciro cya ambere cya kaminuza , icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza aricyo " postgraduate " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza na amaso y igihe gito "short course " mu rurimi rw' icyongereza <ref>https://tzunicollege.com/utab-academic-calendar/</ref> === ikiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza hari aya masomo akurikira "Undergraduate " === * Accounting * Rural development * Entrepreneurship and Cooperative Management * Microfinance * Social Work * Anthropologie * Faculty of Education<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/utab</ref> === ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hari aya masomo akurikira " postgraduate " === harimo amaosomo y uburezi , ubunzi n ibidukikije <ref>Undergraduate programs – University of Technology and Arts of Byumba – UTAB</ref> === ikiciro cya amasomo yi igihe gito na aya akurikira "short courses " === {| class="wikitable" |Stock exchange Certificate (SITI) |- |Certified Public Accountants (CPA) |- |Certificate in ICT Skills Professional Certificate in English Professional Certificate in Kinyarwanda Professional Certificate in Kiswahili |} na andi menshi <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/ubudasa-bwacu-tubushyire-mu-ikoranabuhanga/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] qpqy1128kbyzcp58ubrk03ueneogj10 0 9989 81929 2022-02-05T20:47:27Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 UWIMPUHWE Va moved page [[Kaminuza yi ikorana buhanga nu ubukorikori ya byumba]] to [[Kaminuza y' ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni ya byumba]]: Editing the name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaminuza y' ikoranabuhanga n'ubugeni ya byumba]] 727x1dphdv53u8edpkqadqs7q2t1w01 0 9990 81931 2022-02-05T21:28:45Z Divine2004 10613 Wikivibrance wikitext text/x-wiki Niyitegeka Gratien yavutse kuwa 25 ugushyingo 1978 akaba ari umukinnyi wa filimi , Urwenya n'ikinamico. mumirimo yihangiye harimo no kuba avuga imivugo akaba n'umusizi w'[[umunyarwanda]] Gratien yabyawe na Ngarukiye thacien na Mukarusharaza Bernadethe ,akaba afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cyakabiri cya kaminuza. akaba yaravukiye Mukarere ka Rurrindo.<ref>http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/seburikoko-ni-muntu-ki/</ref> Yiga ibinyabuzima nubutabire murwunge rwamashuri rwa [[Rurima]]. Gratien mubuzima busanzwe yaje kwihangira imirimo, akora ibinubyinshi ariko, byose bijyanye nubuhanzi == Imirimo yokwiteza imbere (Interneuship) == yatangiye guhanga ibihanganobye yiga mu wagatandatu wa mashuri abanza nibwo yatangiye guhimba imivugo nabyenda gusetsa.<ref>http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/seburikoko-ni-muntu-ki/</ref> '''agezemuwakane w<nowiki>'amashuri yisumbuye nubwo yakinye ikinamico yitwa ''sirikoreye'', ariwe wakinye yitwa gutyo. yarushwanaga kubumwe n'</nowiki>ubwiyunge.''' icyogihe yaratsinze ahebwa kurwego rw'igihugu .yakuze afite inzozi zokuzambara tigana[inkweto zarizingezweho kera] nokuzaba uwambere kuberako ababyeyibe bahoraga babimubwira kenshi. kubera ukunu yatinyaga urushinge nago yarikwifuza kuba muganga.gusa ibyobyose yabigezeho yabaye uwambere ni nkweto za tigana yazambaye agiye kubatizwa. umuryangowe yarawufashije arihira amashuri bashikibe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/mpagurukiye-gutereta-natera-abarenga-30-inda-seburikoko</ref> Gratien azwi cyane nka Seburikoko ,Sekaganda, Papa sava na Ngagi. ibi byamuteje imbere nditse abona nibihembo bitandukanye == Amashuri yize == yize amashuri yibyiciro rusange muri ESI-rutongo,ayisumbuye muri college ya rurima mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka bugesera]] mwi shami ryubutabire,kaminuza ayiga muri KIE mu ishami rya BIO-GEO nuburezi. akaba afite impamyabumenyi yikiciro 2 cyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] ya KIE.<ref>http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/seburikoko-ni-muntu-ki/</ref> == Reba == cglg5hf8p1maafr4bxhtrp5fhkdi4p1 0 9991 81932 2022-02-06T07:13:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Dr Papias Malimba Musafiri ni umunyarwanda w'umushakashatsi ndetse akaba ari n'umunyapolitiki, yabaye Minisitiri w'uburezi muri guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Rwanda)</ref>, kuva ku ya 25 Kamena 2015, asimbuye Prof. [[Rwakabamba silas|Rwakabamba Silas]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silas_Lwakabamba</ref><ref name=":1">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190052/</ref><ref name=":2">http://www.bloncampus.com/b-school-corner/vit-university-alumni-appointed-as-rwandas-education-minister/article7399763.ece</ref>. Mbere yaho Musafiri yari Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Ubukungu n’Ubucuruzi (CBE) mu cyahoze ari Ishuri ry’Ubukungu n’Amabanki, SFB, ndetse yari umurezi umaze igihe cy’imyaka 14 mu burezi n’ubushakashatsi. == Amashuri == Dr. Papias yabonye impamyabumenyi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bucuruzi n’icungamutungo (Bachelor of commerce<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Commerce</ref>) muri Kaminuza ya Dar-Es-Salaam<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam</ref> naho icyiciro cya gatatu (Master) yiga icungamari n'ikoranabuhanga [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|(Business Administration]] (MBA) ayikura muri Indian [[:en:IIT_Roorkee|Institute of Technology-Roorkee]] yo mu gihugu cy’[[Ubuhinde]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/ur-appoints-ex-education-minister-dr-musafiri-acting-vice-chancellor</ref>, mu gihe impamyabushobozi y’ikirenga yize Ityazabwenge mu by’Ubucuruzi cyangwa Philosophy in Finance muri Vellore Institute of Technology University<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellore_Institute_of_Technology</ref> mu igihugu cy'[[ubuhinde]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190052</ref>. == Amateka y'Akazi == Muri 2001, Musafili yagiye akora imirimo itandukanye muri za kaminuza, ubushakashatsi n'ubujyanama Mbere yo gushinga [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'u Rwanda(UR)]] muri 2013, yari afite umyanya w'ubuyobozi bukuru mubigo byinshi bigizwe na UR. Yabaye Director of Administration and Human Resources, Dean, Faculty of Management, Vice Rector Academics and Acting Rector, mu bigo by’amashuri makuru. Mbere yo kugirwa minisitiri w’uburezi, yari Umuyobozi w’ishuri rikuru ry’ubucuruzi n’ubukungu (CBE) rya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] mu cyahoze ari Ishuri ry’Ubukungu n’Amabanki, SFB, ndetse yari umurezi umaze igihe cy’imyaka 14 mu burezi n’ubushakashatsi. yabaye Minisitiri w'uburezi muri guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":0" />, kuva ku ya 25 Kamena 2015, Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku wa 5 Ukwakira 2016<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170901201417/http://gov.rw/newsdetails2/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1606&cHash=473ab12332504639e6c285135ec71c38</ref>, no ku wa 31 Kanama 2017, yagumishijwe muri guverinoma kandi agumana inshingano z’uburezi<ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/219033/</ref>. Nyuma yatangaje iseswa niy'irukanwa ry’abarimu ba Uganda mu Rwanda, nyuma y’amasezerano yabo yo kwigisha arangiye<ref>http://thespearnews.com/2017/03/29/rwanda-responds-ugandan-teachers-dismissal-says-contracts-expired-2015/</ref>. Tariki 6 Ukuboza 2017 nibwo Perezida wa Repubulika [[Paul Kagame]] yashyizeho Dr [[Eugène Mutimura]] nka Minisitiri mushya w’[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|Uburez]]<nowiki/>i asimbura Dr. Papias Musafiri Malimba<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/dr-papias-musafiri-wahoze-ari-minisitiri-w-uburezi-yahawe-inshingano-nshya</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri w'uburezi]] lvg0tlxhqvtk4sthontk379ae2y97fa 14 9992 81933 2022-02-06T07:14:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Umuyobozi w'uburezi mu Rwanda 55l2vniu5gu9sj9rbfw591gae78623w 0 9993 82383 82245 2022-03-31T14:47:33Z 105.178.104.121 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamutara Violette yayoboye [[DOT Rwanda]] kuva yashingwa mu mwaka wa 2010. Mbere ya DOT Rwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/109060</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/dot-rwanda-hailed-for-contribution-to-youth-empowerment-initiatives</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?dot-rwanda-irasaba-urubyiruko-rw-u-rwanda-guhindura-imyumvire</ref> yamaze imyaka irindwi muri Ambasade y’u [[Rwanda]] i Washington DC, atangira ari umusesenguzi wa politiki maze arazamuka aba umudipolomate ku mwanya w’Umunyamabanga wa mbere. Arangije ubutumwa bwe, yoherejwe muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya [[Kigali]], ashinzwe ibihugu bya [[Aziya]] na [[:en:Oceania|Oceania]] Gicurasi 2007 kugeza Ukuboza 2007. == Amashuri == Violette afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buyobozi bwa Leta (Master’s Degree in Public Administration) yibanda ku iterambere mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Carleton [https://carleton.ca/ (Carleton university]) yakuye mu igihugu cya [[Kanada|Canada]] na Bachelor of Arts mu by'ubukungu no guteza imbere igereranya ryaturutse muri kaminuza ya Trent [https://www.trentu.ca/ (Trent university]) == Amateka == Violette ni umunyamuryango wa Afrika Leadership Network (ALN) akaba yarahawe igihembo cya Anita Borg Institute Change Agent Award ya Grace Hopper Celebration y'abagore muri Mudasobwa. Muri 2016, Violette yagizwe umwe mu bagore 25 ba mbere b'icyubahiro ba Amazon's Watch Magazine muri Afurika kubera ibikorwa bye byo guteza imbere ubukungu abakobwa n'abagore bakiri bato.Ni umujyanama mu [https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ Imbuto Foundation] ikigo cyashinzwe na Madamu wa Perezida wa Rwanda na [https://mastercardfdn.org/our-work/where-we-work-in-africa/rwanda/ MasterCard Foundation] Young Africa Work, kandi agira uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw’urubyiruko n’abagore ndetse n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Kuva Gashyantare 2009 kugeza Ukuboza 2009 yabaye Country Manager wa RAISER RESOURCE GROUP RWANDA<ref>https://raiser.co.ke/</ref>, ni ikigo cya Kenya giteza imbere abakozi. Kanama 2000 - Nyakanga 2003 yabaye umusesenguzi wa politiki muri Ambasade ya Repubulika y'u Rwanda, Washington, D.C. Amerika. Kanama 2003 kugeza Nyakanga 2007 yabaye umunyamabanga wa mbere muri Ambasade ya Repubulika y'u Rwanda, Washington, D.C. Amerika. == Ibihembo yahawe == Muri 2013 yahawe igihembo na ANITA BORG INSTITUTE cya ABIE CHANGE AGENT AWARD, Iki gihembo cyatanzwe mu rwego rwo gushimirwa ubwitange yagize ku ruhare rw'umugore mu gihe kizaza cy'u Rwanda n'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no guhanga udushya muri Afurika, no guteza imbere abakobwa bakiri bato mu ikoranabuhanga no kubamenyesha amahirwe n'imyuga mishya mu ikoranabuhanga, kwihangira imirimo ndetse no mu mishinga ishinzwe imibereho myiza. 2014 yahawe igihembo cy'abagore Bakomeye muri Afurika Mubucuruzi na Guverinoma no Kwishimira kuba indashyikirwa mumashyirahamwe (CEO).Iki gihembo cyatanzwe mu rwego rwo gushimirwa ibyagezweho nkuwatsinze mu burezi no mu mahugurwa: Abikorera ku Rwanda mu Kinyamakuru Umuyobozi mukuru w’abagore bakomeye mu bucuruzi no mu bihembo bya Leta.<ref>https://nitter.moomoo.me/AIESECRWANDA/status/1468880199358025734</ref><ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/violette-uwamutara-a2544622</ref> == Indanganturo == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] l68fuailvbyjdvyvj8mye1smuoyuwks 0 9994 81943 81942 2022-02-07T17:21:04Z Ange Dusabe 9195 wikitext text/x-wiki Kerry Uwineza n'umunyarwandakazi, ndetse akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'iduka ricuruza imyenda [[Mackenzies Rwanda]] afatanyije na bagenzi be bane aribo [[Naomie nishimwe]] wigeze kuba miss Rwanda muri 2020, [[Kathia Kamali|kathia Kamali Uwase,]] [[Brenda Iradukunda]], [[Pamela Loana Uwase]]. kerry akaba ari rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto mu Rwanda<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SfKb5_sBcc</ref> == Uwo ariwe == Kerry Uwineza n'umukobwa ukiri muto wakunze kwitabira amarushanywa menshi yo kujya impaka(debates competitions)<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHr6XnHSrns</ref> ndetse akagenda atsindira n'ibihembo muri ayo marushanywa, amwe yateguwe na Idebate Rwanda ndetse na Aspire debate Rwanda.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sKoZDKpwjg</ref> Inzira yo kuba rwiyemezamirimo yayitangiye akiri muto cyane, afatanyije n'incuti ze bakaba bakoresha imbuga nkoranya mbaga mu gucuruza, no gushaka aba client harimo nko gukora utuvideo dusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi ndetse n'ibindi, bakaba bifashisha cyane urubuga rwa instragram<ref>https://www.instagram.com/p/CWs_z8HIYV2/</ref> == Imyenda ya ZOI == Aba bakobwa uko ari batanu bafite iduka ricuruza imyenda yitwa Zoi, akaba ari ijambo ryakuwe mu kigiriki risobanura ubuzima, iyi myenda kandi iba ikozwe mu gitambaro cya satini (satin) cyorohera cyena, akaba ari umwihariko wa [[Mackenzies Rwanda]]<ref>https://sangapesh.com/stores/s_zoi005/?v=5c6dc3d43650</ref> == Aho byakuwe == hmgqnsc5dfhfg0mfr2c421fxg2zqv2p 0 9995 81950 81949 2022-02-07T21:03:52Z Ange Dusabe 9195 /* Isomera Agati Library */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Denyse Umuhuza.jpg|thumb|Umuhuza Denyse]] Denyse ni umunyarwandakazi, w'umwanditsi w'ibitabo by'abana byinshi harimo Uruhimbi rwa Nyanka, Karisa wa Munyantamati n'ibindi... sibyo gusa ahubwo ari mu bantu bashinze isomero agati library rikorera mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]] ndetse akaba ari mu rubyiruko ruharanira uburenganzira bwamuntu ndetse no kurwanya akarengane nihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/denyse-umuhuza-%E5%8D%A2%E6%80%9D%E6%BA%90-1a238b115?trk=public_profile_browsemap&originalSubdomain=rw</ref> == Ubuzima bwo kwandika == Denyse yatangiye kwandika ibitabo by'abana ku myaka cumi n'umunani(18) bikaba byaratewe nuko yakuze atozwa gusoma nawe ageraho arabikunda cyane. Uruhimbi rwa Nyanka nicyo gitabo cya mbere yanditse aho yerekanaga ko abana ba bakobwa bafite ubushobozi n' imbaraga n'ubwiza buturutse imbere muri bo, bibafasha gukemura ibibazo byinshi byugarije isi. Iki gitabo kibigaragaza hifashishijwe inyamaswa.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBfeW3-hn4I</ref> Sibyo gusa ahubwo yaje no kwandika igitabo Karisa wa Munyantamati, kivuga ukuntu abana bikigihe batagishaka gukora bumva bazagira ubukire nkaho bubizaniye cg buvuye mukirere batabukoreye ngo batange imbaraga zabo.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KVi-RvaWjA</ref> Denyse akunda kwandika kubana kandi akunda gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku mbuga nkoranya mbaga akumva icyo abandi babivugaho.<ref>https://luckygracestories.wordpress.com/2017/08/01/denyse-umuhuza-the-life-of-a-rwandan-writer/</ref> == Isomera Agati Library == Isomero Agati library ryatangijwe mu mwaka wa 2018 mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]] ritangizwa na Denyse Umuhuza hamwe na bagenzi be batanu bafite intego yo gukundisha abana n'ababyeyi gusoma ndetse no kurema umuco wo gusoma mu banyarwanda. Agati library yatsindiye ibihembo ndetse ibona n'inkunga nyinshi zivuye mu miryango ishyigikira imishinga yo gukundisha abana bato gusoma<ref>https://www.segalfamilyfoundation.org/portfolio-items/agati-library-rwanda/</ref> Agati library ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abana barenga ijana (100) ku munsi<ref>https://web.facebook.com/watch/?v=838295543312140</ref> ndetse bafite nibitabo birenga igihumbi kugeza ubu bakaba bashobora no gusoma bifashishije mudasobwa cyangwa amaterefone agezweho<ref>https://web.facebook.com/Agati-Library-Rwanda-407041696447655/</ref> == Ubuvugizi == Denyse afite ishyaka n'umuhate wo kuvugira abana b'abakobwa ndetse n'abagore muri rusange, abashishikariza kwigira no gukunda umurimo ndetse no kugira inzozi zagutse mu buzima bwabo. Akaba yarabitangiye aho yafashaga abana b'abakobwa kwigarurira icyizera no kwiyumvamo ubushobozi mu mushinga Ninyampinga. Denyse kandi afite urubuga yandikaho ibitekerezo bye, ubujyanama, ubukangurambaga no gushishikariza urubyiruko gukunda gukora no gutekereza kubyabagirira umumaro.<ref>https://umuhuzainks.wordpress.com/</ref> == Aho Byakuwe == bgililvig4jt062nfwcfrpny85o2z7x 0 9996 81954 81953 2022-02-08T10:31:26Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki Edouard Osoque Mendy umukinnyi ukina Umupira wamaguru wabigize umwuga kandi w'umuhanga ukina mwi kipe ya premier Legue [[Ubwongereza|Chersea]] ndetse akanakina mwikipe y'igihugu cya Senegal == Edouard Osoque Mendy ==[[File:Édouard Mendy 2021.jpg|thumb|Édouard Mendy 2021]] ni umukinyi ukomeye uzwi cyane muri championa nyinshi zitandukanye yamamaye cyane nka nyezamu w'ikipe ikomeye muri premier League ariyo [[Ubwongereza|Chelsea]] ndetse n ikipe y'igihugu ya [[Senegali|Senegal]] Edouard yavutse kuya 1 Werurwe 1992. == Amateka == Edourad yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina mugihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]] aho yakinaga mwishuri rya [[Ubufaransa|Le Havre]] nyuma yaho gato aza gusinya amasezerao nk'umukinnyi wabigize umwuga mukiciro cya gatatu muri cherbourg mu mwaka wa 2011. nyuma yaho gato Mendy yaje kwerekeza muri [[Ubufaransa|Marsceille]] muri 2014 ubwo yakomeje kwerekana ubuhangabwe nku munyezamu ukomeye mu mwaka wa 2020 nibwo yaje gusinya amasezerano mu ikpe ikomeye muri [[Ubwongereza|premier league Chelsea]] ubwo bamuhayae angana na millioni 22 z'amapawundi muri Championa ye yambere yahise aba umunyezamu wambere wumuri [[African Jim|Africa]] ukuniye ikipe ikomeye nka [[Ubwongereza|Chelsea]].<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/edouard-mendy/profil/spieler/442531</ref> == Ibihembo == Mendy kandi nyuma yo kwigaragaza muri Chelsea yaje kwegukana izina ry'umunyezamu mwiza wa UEFA<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-10411761/Premier-League-stars-Mohamed-Salah-Edouard-Mendy-miss-FIFAs-Best-XI.html</ref> ndetse aba umunyezamu Mwiza wa FIFA mumwaka wa 2021 aribwo yabaga umenyezamu wambere wo muri [[afurika]] wegukanye ibihembo.nyuma yo kwiyegurira Senegal kandi avuye muri Guinea Bisau <ref>https://footballghana.com/ghana-legend-asamoah-gyan-disagrees-with-eduard-mendys-afcon-best-goalkeeper-award</ref> yabaye umunyezamu mwiza muri championa ya Afurika muri 2019. yafashije kandi igihugu cye gutwara igkombe muri 2021 arinabwo yabaga umunyezamu mwiza mwirushanwa. == Reba == j2qqkpexasw5bu4zyfeya757qg85dpl 0 9997 81957 81955 2022-02-08T14:42:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Janet Kainembabazi Museveni yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu ntara ya Kajara, mu akarere ka Ntungamo<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntungamo_District</ref> kuwa 24 Kamena 1948 kwa Eduard Birori na Madam Mutesi. Yize amashuri abanza kuri Kyamate akomeza n'amashuri yisumbuye mu ikigo cy'abakobwa cya Bweranyange girl's school<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bweranyangi_Girls%27_Senior_Secondary_School</ref>muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. == Akazi yakoze == Janet ni umunyapolitiki muri Uganda wabaye Madamu wa mbere wa Uganda kuva mu 1986. yashakanye na Perezida wa [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], babyaranye abana bane. Kuva kuwa 6 Kamena 2016 yabaye minisitiri w'uburezi na siporo mu nama y'abaminisitiri muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Uganda</ref><ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%2527s+cabinet.pdf</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education</ref>, yabanje kuba Minisitiri w'ibikorwa bya [[:en:Karamoja|karamoja]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamoja</ref> muri guverinoma ya Uganda kuva kuwa 27 Gicurasi 2011 kugeza kuwa 6 Kamena 2016<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine</ref>. yabaye kandi umudepite watowe ahagarariye intara ya Ruhaama mu akarere ka [https://www.ntungamo.go.ug/news Ntungamo]<ref name=":0" />hagati ya 2011 na 2016. yasohoye igitabo cyivuga k'ubuzima bwe cyitwa "urugendo rw'ubuzima bwanjye" (My life's Journey) muri 2011 <ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/Insight/-/688338/1226382/-/rn0jyf/-/index.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150225182721/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/26/759254</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Janet Museveni yagiye mubuhungiro mu 1971, ubwo [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] yahirikaga ubutegetsi bwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton obote]] mu ubutegetsi bwa gisirikari. Yashakanye na Yoweri kaguta Museveni muri Kanama 1973<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref>. Igihe ingoma ya Idi Amin yavaga kubutegetsi muri Mata mu 1979, yasubiye muri Uganda ayuye muri [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] aho yari atuye m' ubuhungiro n'umugabo we. Muri Gashyantare 1981, ubwo Yoweri Museveni yatangizaga intambara y'inyeshyamba  kurwanya guvernoma ya perezida Obote, Janet Museveni n'abana be bongeye kuba i [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]], aho babanaga n'incuti z'umuryango kugeza mu 1983, Mu 1983 bimukiye i [[:en:Gothenburg|Gothenburg]]<nowiki/>muri [[suwede]], yagumyeyo kugeza muri gicurasi 1986, hashize amezi ane Ingabo za [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] zimaze gufata ubutegetsi i [[Umujyi wa Kampara|Kampara]]. == Umwuga == Janet Museveni yashinze umuryango wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]] uharanira gukiza impfubyi (UWESO), ikigo cy'ubutabazi cyigenga mu mpera za 1986, avuga ko cyatewe n'ubunararibonye bwe nk'impunzi. Yinjiye mu bukangurambaga bwa virusi itera SIDA muri Uganda mu myaka ya za 1990, agirana umubano na Pasteri w'intagondwa [[:en:Martin_Ssempa|Martin Ssempa]] kubera uburere bwo kwirinda gusama muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstinence-only_sex_education_in_Uganda</ref>. Mu Gushyingo 2005, yatangaje ko azashaka icyicaro cy'inteko ishinga amategeko y'intara ya Ruhaama mu matora rusange yo muri Gashyantare 2006<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Ugandan_general_election</ref> . Yaharaniye uwo mwanya n'umukandida mu ihuriro ry’impinduka za demokarasi<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_for_Democratic_Change</ref> , Augustin Ruzindana, maze atsinda cyane. Yongeye gutorwa muri Werurwe 2011 indi manda y'imyaka itanu. Ku ya 16 Gashyantare 2009, Janet Museveni yagizwe Minisitiri w’ibikorwa bya Karamoja<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamoja</ref> , n’umugabo we, Perezida Yoweri Museveni<ref>http://www.africanews.com/site/Uganda_First_lady_appointed_minister/list_messages/23249</ref>. Ku ya 27 Gicurasi 2011, yazamuwe kuba Minisitiri w’ibikorwa bya Karamoja<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html</ref>. Ku ya 6 Kamena 2016, nyuma y’uko umugabo we yongeye gutorerwa kuba Perezida, yagizwe Minisitiri w’uburezi na siporo. == Abana == * [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] - Yavutse 1974, ni Liyetona Jenerali<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-12</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-13</ref> muri [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|UPDF]] akaba n'umuyobozi w'ingabo zidasanzwe.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201005240504.html</ref><ref>http://www.nation.co.ke/News/africa/-/1066/446200/-/14anqyoz/-/index.html</ref> * Natasha Karugire - Yavutse 1976, Umunyamideli numujyanama. Yashakanye na Edwin Karugire, Umunyamabanga wihariye wa Perezida wa Uganda.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Uganda</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-15</ref> * Kwihangana Rwabwogo - Yavutse 1978, Umushumba w'Itorero ry'Amasezerano,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-16</ref> Buziga, [[Umujyi wa Kampara|Kampala]] . - Yashakanye na Odrek Rwabwogo<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-17</ref> * Diana Kantu - Yavutse 1980, Yashakanye na Geoffrey Kantu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Museveni#cite_note-18</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Uganda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abaminisitiri]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] fd3puwolcuct823o2z9x483rkbqu9we 0 9998 83575 82181 2022-05-14T18:40:07Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aline Sano Shingiro''' uzwi nka ALYN Sano umuhanzi kazi wumunyarwandazi wamenyekanye cyane mu gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yacyo kubera gusubiramo indirimbo zabandi bizwi nka cover ndetse agakora nize bwite<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/04/alyn-sano-says-she-is-stronger-than-ever/</ref> == Aline Sano Shingiro == Umuhanzikazi ukorera umuziki we mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yarwo wamamaye cyane kubera gukora cg gusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi ndetse agakora nize bwite yamamaye cyane kubera ijwi rye ryiza. <ref>http://ninyampinga.com/sections/amakuru-yabo/ikaramu-nubuhanzi/</ref> == Urugendo Rwa Muzika kuri Alyn Sano == Aline Sano uzwi nka Alyn sano nkizina akoresha muri muzika avuga ko yatangiye umuziki we muri 2010 ubwo yaririmbaga muri korari y'ikigo cy'[[Amashuri Makuru|Amashuri]] yizeho aho bita Igitwe [[Akarere ka Ruhango|mu Karere ka Ruhango]] mu Ntara y'[[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo.]] yakomeje gukorera umuziki we muri korari yigisha bagenzi be baririmbanaga kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015 ubwo yahinduraga ibitekerezo akava muri korari. == Uko yavuye muri korari == Alyn Sano yavuye muri korari muri 2015 ubwo yagiraga ibyago akabura umuvandimwe we mu mpanuka yarangiza agatabarwa nabavandimwe bo hanze bataririmbanaga kandi we yari yizeye ko abavandimwe be bo muri korari bazamuba <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97286/alyn-sano-agiye-gukorera-igitaramo-kuri-internet-kizaba-mu-buryo-bwubahirije-amabwiriza-yo-97286.html</ref> hafi nk'abantu yiyumvagamo kurusha abandi araheba asezera korali ubwo asa nkubivumburaho nkuko abivuga agenda agiye avuga ko muri icyo gihe musaza we mukuru nawe usanzwe ari umutunganya muziki aribwo yamusabye kwiga indirimbo zitandukanye nizo yarasanzwe amenyereye muri korari maze yinjira muri muzika bakunda kwita iyisi atyo.<ref>https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/</ref> == Ibihangano bya Alyn Sano == Alyn Sano yamamaye cyane kundirimbo zirimo nka: -kontorora -naremewe wowe -for us -Rwiyoborere -We the BEST<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/alyn-sano-na-yvan-buravan-basohoye-indirimbo-bise-we-the-best</ref> ndetse nizindi nyinshi cyane ko yagiye akorana nabandi bahanzi benshi batandukanye bo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://hose.rw/yavuye-muri-korali-yivumbuye-urugendo-rwumuhanzikazi-alyn-sano/</ref> == Ibitaramo == Alyn Sano yagiye yitabira ibitaramo byinshi bitandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] no Hanze yarwo harimo nka [[Afurika|Voice Africa]] ndetse nibindi aherutse kandi gukorera igitaramo onlne ku itariki 27 Gicurasi 2020 mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga COVID 19<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97286/alyn-sano-agiye-gukorera-igitaramo-kuri-internet-kizaba-mu-buryo-bwubahirije-amabwiriza-yo-97286.html</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] ndkm6n1bk7rbh11141ti7udgeskxliq 14 9999 81958 2022-02-08T14:43:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Abayobozi b'igihugu cya Uganda o8vuv38xwg6c43kd00b3qxl58p4xyxx 14 10000 81962 2022-02-08T15:03:53Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Umuntu Uba uyoboye Ishuri" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu Uba uyoboye Ishuri sxkqzfctjdxxg2xpsji0g4rkpcjwmoy 14 10001 81963 2022-02-08T15:05:43Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Umuntu ushora mafrng ategereje Inyungu" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuntu ushora mafrng ategereje Inyungu 16k66irdsd1a8dg3ud362vi9xaa2ld6 14 10002 81967 2022-02-08T15:34:07Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "AHO ABANYESHURI BIGIRA" wikitext text/x-wiki AHO ABANYESHURI BIGIRA nrv7t9g8u81lptm5lsc9o28r02a9rx4 0 10003 81989 81982 2022-02-09T15:40:16Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Diane Cyuzuzo Nirwiyemeza mirimo akaba umwe mubashinze Afriduino<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-bikoresho/Diane-Cyuzuzo-agiye-guhanga-itara-rikoze-mu-kabindi-na-radio-ikoze-mu-ngoma-Video</ref> .Akaba afite imyaka 25 yamavuko akaba yararangije ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza muri Kaminuza y’u [[Rwanda]] ishami rya [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]], aho yarangije mu gashami ko kwita ku buzima bw’inyamaswa z’agasozi no kuzibungabunga, Zoologie mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112597/ibigwi-namateka-bya-cyuzuzo-diane-wahembwe-na-perezida-kagame-miliyoni-50-amafoto-112597.html</ref> == Ibihembo == Rwiyemeza mirimo Diane Cyuzuzo niwe uherutse gutwara igihembo cya hangafest .Ku wa gatandatu, tariki ya 11 [[Ukuboza]], Abanyarwandakazi batanu bashya mu guhanga udushya bazajya bahatanira ibihembo-100.000 by'amadolari y'amarushanwa ya Hanga Pitchfest Nibwo Diane yaje kwegukana amadollari mirongo itanu yamanyamerica .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/five-rwandan-innovators-selected-100000-pitch-contest</ref>byaribyishimo kuriwe yavuzeko bimutunguye kubonako ariwe utsine ikinda akaba ariwe mukobwa wenyine warurimo muriryo rushanwa .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/hanga-pitchfest-finalists-speak-out-solutions-expectations</ref>Iyi Gahunda yariyateguwe na Minisiteri y’ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya ndetse n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]] (RDB) igamije gutanga urubuga rwo kwerekana ba rwiyemezamirimo-ba tekinoloji n’impano zo guhanga baturutse mu gihugu hose.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/five-rwandan-innovators-selected-100000-pitch-contest</ref> == Referances == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] syaahzviuguey7c1s98a4qrudol0zh9 14 10004 81978 2022-02-09T14:30:06Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Barwiyemeza mirimo" wikitext text/x-wiki Barwiyemeza mirimo 0dry550rj5zm7d3rwek5kaqday2zs0h 14 10005 81979 2022-02-09T14:30:51Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "ABANTU BIYEMEJE KUFATA INSHINGANO ZOKWIKORERA" wikitext text/x-wiki ABANTU BIYEMEJE KUFATA INSHINGANO ZOKWIKORERA 44xhcch3dmafzd7rebljyd477mymwj8 14 10006 81981 2022-02-09T14:33:42Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Abantu Biyemeje Gufata inshingano zabo mwishoramari" wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu Biyemeje Gufata inshingano zabo mwishoramari fa0f0z5d25snw7nm6w7ml8i053nymn9 0 10007 81991 81987 2022-02-09T16:18:40Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uludag-PSİ-2007 ing.jpg|thumb]] '''Uburezi muri [[Turukiya]]''' bugengwa na gahunda y’igihugu yashyizweho hakurikijwe ivugurura rya [[Abaturukiya|Atatürk]] nyuma y’intambara yo kwigenga ya Turukiya . Nuburyo bugenzurwa na leta bugamije kubyara ibyiciro byumwuga ibigo byimibereho nubukungu byigihugu.Kwiga ku gahato bimara imyaka 12. <ref>https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/</ref>Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye aterwa inkunga na leta kandi kubuntu mumashuri ya leta, hagati yimyaka 6 na 19, naho 2003 kwandikisha abana muriki kigero byari hafi 75%. Amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa ayisumbuye ntabwo ari itegeko ariko arasabwa kugirango noneho atere imbere muri kaminuza.<ref>https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/</ref> Muri 2012 muri Turukiya hari kaminuza 165. Usibye ''Ishami Ryugurura Uburezi'' ( Turkish ) muri kaminuza ya Anadolu, kwinjira bigengwa n’ikizamini cy’igihugu, ÖSYS, nyuma y’abanyeshuri barangije amashuri yisumbuye bakoherezwa muri kaminuza bakurikije imikorere yabo.<ref>2002 Report by Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Beyazıt State Library (14667026514).jpg|thumb]] Nyuma yo gushingwa kwa [[Turukiya|Repubulika ya Turukiya]] imitunganyirize ya minisiteri y’uburezi yagiye itera imbere buhoro buhoro kandi ivugururwa n’Itegeko no 2287 ryatanzwe mu 1933. Minisiteri yahinduye amazina inshuro nyinshi. Yaguye muri Minisiteri y’umuco (1935–1941) yitwa Minisiteri y’uburezi, urubyiruko, na siporo (1983–1989). Kuva icyo gihe yitwa Minisiteri y'Uburezi bw'igihugu. <ref name="meb1-16">https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref> Mbere ya Repubulika, ibigo by'uburezi ntibyari bifite imico y'igihugu. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref>Amashuri yateguwe mumiyoboro itatu itandukanye yari ibigo bihagaritse bitigenga. Iya mbere kandi ikunze kugaragara muri uyu muryango ni amashuri y'uturere na madrase bishingiye ku myigishirize ya Koran ururimi rw'icyarabu no gufata mu mutwe, icya kabiri ni amashuri y'Ivugurura n'amashuri yisumbuye ashyigikira udushya naho uwa gatatu ni amashuri makuru n'amashuri mato hamwe n'amahanga. kwigisha ururimi. <ref name="meb1-16" /> Itegeko ryo guhuriza hamwe uburezi, no 430 ryatanzwe ku ya 3 Werurwe 1924. Hamwe n'iri tegeko, imiyoboro itatu itandukanye yarahurijwe hamwe, iyambere yarafunzwe, iya kabiri iratezwa imbere naho iya gatatu ijyanwa mu igenzura no gukurikiranwa na Minisiteri y'Uburezi. Imwe mu ntego zayo kwari ugushyira mu bikorwa ubunyangamugayo mu burezi . <ref name="meb1-162">https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref> Mu itegeko ry’umuryango w’uburezi no 789 ryatanzwe ku ya 22 Werurwe 1926 Minisiteri y’uburezi y’igihugu yahawe inshingano zo gusobanura impamyabumenyi n’uburinganire bw’amashuli ya Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo yamaze gufungura cyangwa gufungura minisiteri itari Minisiteri y’Uburezi y’igihugu. . Iri tegeko ryazanye gahunda nshya nka "nta shuri rishobora gufungurwa muri Turukiya nta ruhushya rwumvikanyweho na Minisiteri y’Uburezi" cyangwa " integanyanyigisho zizategurwa na Minisiteri y’Uburezi". Ibigo byigisha imyuga-tekiniki byahoze biyobowe ninzego zibanze byashyizwe muri minisiteri yuburezi. <ref name="meb1-162" />Mu 1923-24, hari muri Turukiya, abanyeshuri barenga gato 7000 bo mumashuri yisumbuye, abanyeshuri bagera ku 3.000 bo mumashuri yisumbuye, abanyeshuri bagera kuri 2000 biga tekinike ndetse nabanyeshuri ba medrese 18.000 muribo 6.000 bavuga ko ari abanyeshuri nyabo naho abandi biyandikisha kuba ukuwe mu gisirikare. <ref name="feriha">[http://www.belgeler.com/blg/s5v/ataturk-un-laiklik-anlayisinin-egitim-sistemimizdeki-yansimalari-1919-1938-reflections-of-ataturk-s-secularism-manner-on-our-education-system-1919-1938 Feriha Özkan, '''Atatürk’ün Laiklik Anlayışının Eğitim Sistemimizdeki Yansımaları (1919–1938)''', ''Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kütahya, 2006'']</ref> Muri icyo gihe abaturage ba Turukiya bari miliyoni 13-14. == Amashuri Abanziriza abanza Muri Turikiya == [[Dosiye:Literacy-1924-Turkey.png|thumb]] Amashuri abanza abanza akubiyemo uburezi butemewe bwabana hagati y-amezi 36-72 bari munsi y’amashuri abanza. Ibigo by-amashuri abanza, pepiniyeri yigenga byafunguwe nkamasomo yincuke n’amasomo ngiro mubigo byuburezi byemewe kandi bitemewe bifite ubushobozi bwumubiri bukwiye. <ref name="meb1-163">https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref> Serivisi zijyanye n'uburezi bwibanze butangwa na pepiniyeri, amashuri y'incuke, amasomo ngiro yafunguwe mbere na mbere na Minisiteri y’uburezi ndetse no mu bigo by’umunsi, amashuri y’incuke, amazu yita ku bana, amazu yita ku bana n’ibigo byita ku bana byafunguwe na minisiteri zitandukanye. n'ibigo bigamije kwita cyangwa uburezi bishingiye ku biteganywa n'amategeko icumi, sitati ebyiri n'amabwiriza icumi. Mu mwaka w'amashuri 2001–2002, abana 256.400 barigwaga naho abarimu 14.500 bakoreshwa mu bigo 10.500 by'amashuri abanza. <ref name="meb130-140">Taken from the [http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage130-140.htm Education Statistics] by the Ministry of Education for 2002; accessed on 3 November 2012</ref> == Amashuri Abanza muri Turikiya == Amashuri abanza ( Turkish ) bimara imyaka 4. Amashuri abanza akubiyemo uburezi n'inyigisho bigenewe abana bari hagati ya 6-14, ni itegeko kubenegihugu bose, abahungu cyangwa abakobwa, kandi bitangwa kubuntu mumashuri ya leta.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref> Ibigo by'amashuri abanza ni amashuri atanga imyaka umunani yuburezi budahwema, iyo abayirangije bahabwa impamyabumenyi yibanze. <ref name="meb1-164">https://web.archive.org/web/20121023052224/http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage01_16.htm</ref> Imyaka ine yambere yishuri ryibanze rimwe na rimwe bita "Ishuri rya mbere, 1. Urwego "( Turkish ''<span style="padding-right:0.1em;">Kademe</span>'' ) ariko byombi nibyo.Hano haribintu bine byingenzi mubyiciro byambere, icya kabiri nicyiciro cya gatatu aribyo; Igiturukiya, Imibare, Hayat Bilgisi (bisobanurwa ngo "Ubumenyi bwubuzima") nururimi rwamahanga. Ku cyiciro cya kane, "Hayat Bilgisi" asimburwa na Science and Social Studies. Ururimi rwamahanga rwigishijwe mumashuri ruhinduka kuva mwishuri. Igikunze kugaragara cyane ni icyongereza, mugihe amashuri amwe yigisha ikidage, igifaransa cyangwa icyesipanyoli aho kuvuga icyongereza. Amashuri amwe yigenga yigisha indimi ebyiri zamahanga icyarimwe.Mbere ijambo "ishuri ryisumbuye" (tr: ''ortaokul'' ) ryakoreshejwe mumashuri yimyaka itatu kugirango rikurikire imyaka itanu iteganijwe kuri "Ishuri ryambere" (tr: ''ilkokul'' ). Noneho imyaka ine ya kabiri yuburezi bwibanze rimwe na rimwe bita "Ishuri ryambere, 2. Urwego "( Turkish ''<span style="padding-right:0.1em;">Kademe</span>'' ) ariko byombi nibyo. Amashuri abanza arashobora kuba ayigenga cyangwa ayigenga. Amashuri ya Leta ni ubuntu ariko amafaranga yishuri ryigenga ahinduka kuva mwishuri akajya mwishuri. Indimi z'amahanga zigishwa mu Mashuri Yigenga ubusanzwe ziri ku rwego rwo hejuru ugereranije n’Amashuri ya Leta ku Mashuri Yigenga menshi ahitamo guha abavuga ururimi kavukire nk'abarimu. [[Dosiye:Namık kemal lisesi.jpg|thumb]] Hariho amasomo atanu yibanze kumashuri ya gatandatu na karindwi; Igiturukiya, imibare, siyanse, amasomo mbonezamubano n'indimi z'amahanga. Ku cyiciro cya munani, amasomo mbonezamubano asimburwa na "Amateka ya Turukiya ya Revolution na Kemalism" (tr: TC İnkılap Tarihi ve Atatürkçülük).Mu mwaka w'amashuri 2001–2002, miliyoni 10.3 z'abanyeshuri zarigwaga naho abarimu 375.500 bakoreshwa mu mashuri 34,900. <ref name="meb130-1402">Taken from the [http://www.meb.gov.tr/Stats/apk2002ing/apage130-140.htm Education Statistics] by the Ministry of Education for 2002; accessed on 3 November 2012</ref> === References === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Education]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] iph0r6h8cc6yytrjcmqsm7bjiywdt1m 14 10008 81985 2022-02-09T15:13:56Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Uburezi" wikitext text/x-wiki Uburezi l0m8rdma1wx5h0iw2vhlilcmklkp501 0 10009 82381 81990 2022-03-31T08:46:27Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)]] to [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Minisiteri y'Uburezi''' ( '''MINeDUC)''', <ref>http://mineduc.gov.rw/images/banner_rw.jpg</ref> <ref>http://mineduc.gov.rw/IMG/jpg/mineduc_slideshow-7.jpg</ref> ) nimisiteri ishizwe uburezi <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20031203223007/http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/minefrech.htm Home]" (French). Ministry of Education of Rwanda. December 3, 2013. Retrieved on October 8, 2014.</ref> Ifite icyicaro i [[Kigali]] . <ref>"[http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/spip.php?article33 Contact us]." Ministry of Education. Retrieved on October 8, 2014.</ref> Kuva mu Kuboza 2017, minisitiri ni [[Eugène Mutimura|Dr Uwamariya Valentine]] . == Umubare w'ishuri, abanyeshuri, n'abakozi == Muri 2017, abaturage ba mu Rwanda bagera kuri miliyoni 11.8. <ref name=":0">http://mineduc.gov.rw/resource/statistics/statistical-year-books/</ref> MINeDUC igenzura ibigo bisaga 13,000 byuburezi, abakozi 93.000, nabanyeshuri barenga miliyoni 3.6. <ref name=":0" /> Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye atunganijwe mu turere 30 byubuyobozi. <ref>http://mineduc.gov.rw/map-of-schools/primary-schools/</ref> <ref>http://mineduc.gov.rw/map-of-schools/secondary-schools/</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+MINeDUC Abakozi kubwoko bwishuri (2017) ! Inzego ! Amashuri ! Abanyeshuri ! Abakozi |- | Imbere y'incuke | 90 | 5.234 | 243 |- | Incuke | 3,186 | 220.435 | 6.812 |- | Amashuri Abanza | 2.877 | 2,540.374 | 43,906 |- | Amashuri yisumbuye | 1.375 | 531.377 | 24.561 |- | Tekiniki & Imyuga Uburezi & Amahugurwa (TVET) | 402 | 107,501 | 6,929 |- | Amashuri makuru rusange | 37 | 80,773 | 5.196 |- | Abakuze gusoma no kwandika | 5.160 | 152.015 | 6.287 |- | '''TOTAL:''' | '''13,127''' | '''3,637.709''' | '''93,934''' |- | colspan="4" | ''Inkomoko: MINeDUC'' |} == Reba == jbzmk7d7uh5bsrwtoqcc0dhq38qcflr 0 10010 81993 2022-02-10T06:38:57Z 197.157.155.207 Created page with "Umurenge wa Jarama uherereye mu majyepfo y'akarere ka Ngoma mu ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Uyu murenge uzengurutswe n'ibiyaga birimo icya Sake ukaba uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa Sake yose yo mu karere ka Ngoma. Mu majyepfo y'uyu murenge hari igihugu cy'u Burundi mu ntara ya Kirundo." wikitext text/x-wiki Umurenge wa Jarama uherereye mu majyepfo y'akarere ka Ngoma mu ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Uyu murenge uzengurutswe n'ibiyaga birimo icya Sake ukaba uhana imbibi n'umurenge wa Sake yose yo mu karere ka Ngoma. Mu majyepfo y'uyu murenge hari igihugu cy'u Burundi mu ntara ya Kirundo. g2all90imle865piaw9yp14e7d5ppbs 0 10011 82002 82001 2022-02-11T22:22:43Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 citing wikitext text/x-wiki Kaminuza mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi mu magambo y 'icyongereza ni " Rusizi Interantional University (RUI)" ni kamunuza itanga ubumenyi [[Rwanda]] ikaba ihereye mu ntara y 'iburengeruzuba , akarere ka Rusizi ya kira abanyarwanda na abanyamahanga mu mashami yayo atandukanye , ikaba itanga impamyabumyenyi zitanduka harimo iyi kiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza ni zindi<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/mineduc-rusizi-university-exchange-heightens</ref> . == Amateka == Kamunuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi yatangiye mu mwaka wa bihumbi biri na kumi ni ine (2014) itangirana na amashami yayo atandukanye harimo ayubuvuzi bw' abantu nu ubugeneni<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Rusizi-Urubyiruko-rwa-Rusizi-International-University-rurashimira-Leta-y-Ubumwe</ref>. == Amasomo == Hari amasomo atangwa na kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi akurikira: [[Dosiye:Rusizi interna uni.jpg|thumb|Kamunuza Mpuzamahanaga ya Rusizi (RUI)]] * Arts & humanities * Medicine & health. == Ubuyobozi == Dr Gahutu Pascal ni wari umuyobozi wa kamuniza mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi <ref>https://en.igihe.com/education/gahutu-attacks-education-minister-over-rusizi</ref> mu ri 2017 == Ibindi wamenya == Kamunuza mpuzamahanga ya Rusizi yigeze guhagarikwa mu mwaka w' ibihumbi bibiri na kumi ni itanu nyuma y 'isuzumwa ryari rimazwe gukorwa na minisiteri y uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=36060</ref>. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza na amashuri makuru Mu Rwanda]] bpjudzqbqs5u48bhz6yh7wpyc6nitde 0 10012 81998 2022-02-11T21:37:16Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 UWIMPUHWE Va moved page [[Kaminuza Mpuza Mahanga ya Rusizi]] to [[Kaminuza Mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi]]: Editing the name wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaminuza Mpuza mahanga ya Rusizi]] 1wl3i10m22n3w4quj5ydjs35l2275nw 0 10013 82827 82006 2022-05-04T07:41:38Z Germain92 9488 # WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Patricie Uwase ni umu engeniyeri w'umunyarwandakazi kandi akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu gihugu cye mu [[Rwanda]] akaba ari umwe mu banyapolitiki bakiri bato mu [[Rwanda]] kuko yavutse mu mwaka wi 1989 == Uwase Patricie == Uwase Patricie wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wi 1989 yahoze ari umunyamabanga uhoraho muri [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisiteri y'ibikorwaremezo]]<ref>https://engineering.berkeley.edu/patricie-uwase-improving-infrastructure-in-rwanda/</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] kurubu akaba yaragizwe [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|State Minister]] <ref>https://rocketreach.co/patricie-uwase-email_77436232</ref> == Imirimo ye == Patricie ni umu enjeniyeri ufite akamaro kanini cyane mu buyobozi kuva muri 2015 yabaye kandi umujyanama wa <ref>https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=google+translate</ref> wa tekiniki wa [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisitiri w'ibikorwa remezo]]<ref>https://africanshapers.com/en/rwanda-patricia-uwase-32-promoted-to-minister-of-state-for-infrastructure/</ref> mu Rwanda mu nshingano ze harimo mu kwibanda cyane ku mirimo imwe nimwe ifitiye igihugu akamaro harimo nka [[Kigali Convention Centre|Kigali convention cente]]<nowiki/>r hamwe n'ikibuga kindege mpuzamahanga cya [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] Yakoze kandi muri Comite yigihgu ishinzwe gutegura ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu kuva muri 2016 kugeza 2018 nanone Patricie yakoraga nka visi perezida wi inama yikigo gikomeye mu Rwanda nka Rwandair<ref>https://www.shecan.global/patricie-uwase.html</ref> == Amashuri == Patricie Uwase afite Impamyabumenyi ya Bacherol muri sience mubijyane nubwubatsi yakuye mu Ishuri rikuru nderabarezi rya [[Kigali]] (KIST) afite kandi Impamyabumenyi y ikirenga muri sience yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[Amerika|California]]<ref>https://rocketreach.co/patricie-uwase-email_77436232</ref> == Reba == bzwktfcbwndko9cvoxi8xtolrnc8gv2 0 10014 82009 82008 2022-02-12T11:21:51Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Coat of Arms of Australia.svg|thumb|Ibiro by'igihugu bishinzwe uburezi, 50 Umuhanda wa Marcus Clarke, Canberra. Incamake y'ishami Yashyizweho ku ya 29 Gicurasi 2019 [1] Ishami ryabanjirije Ishami rishinzwe uburezi n'amahugurwa Iseswa 1 Gashyantare 2020 Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura Ishami rishinzwe uburezi.]] '''Uburezi muri Ositaraliya''' bukubiyemo imirenge yuburezi bwabana bato <ref>https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20160303210743/https://annualreport2015.education.gov.au/programme-13-early-learning-and-schools-support</ref>(precc amashuri) nuburezi bwibanze (amashuri abanza), hagakurikiraho amashuri yisumbuye (ayisumbuye), amashuri makuru ( kaminuza n'amashirahamwe yiyandikisha (RTOs).<ref>https://www.dese.gov.au/404?site_search=about+skills+sector</ref> Kugenga no gutera inkunga uburezi ninshingano za Leta nintara, nyamara leta ya Australiya nayo igira uruhare runini. Uburezi muri Ositaraliya ni itegeko hagati yimyaka ine, itanu, cyangwa itandatu na cumi na gatanu, cumi na gatandatu cyangwa cumi na karindwi, bitewe na leta cyangwa intara n'itariki y'amavuko<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140218220904/http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education</ref>Ku mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye, amashuri ya reta yigisha abagera kuri 60 kw'ijana vy'abanyeshuri ba Australiya, hafi 40 kw'ijana mu mashure adaharanira inyungu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140218220904/http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education</ref> Ku rwego rwa kaminuza, kaminuza nyinshi zo muri Ositaraliya ni rusange, kandi amafaranga y’abanyeshuri atangwa binyuze muri gahunda yinguzanyo yabanyeshuri aho kwishyura bitangwa mugihe ababerewemo imyenda bageze kurwego runaka.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140218220904/http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education</ref> Bishimangiwe na [[Australiya]] yujuje ibyangombwa, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1995, Ositaraliya yashyizeho gahunda y’igihugu y’impamyabumenyi, ikubiyemo amashuri makuru, imyuga n’amahugurwa (VET), n’uburezi bushingiye ku ishuri. Ku mashure abanza n'ayisumbuye, integanyanyigisho za [[Ositaraliya|Australiya]] zagiye zitegurwa kandi zishirwa mu ngiro kuva mu 2010.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170704204435/http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/curriculumhistory</ref> Australiya ni igihugu gitanga uburezi ku isi ku banyeshuri mpuzamahanga, kandi mu 2012 cyashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu mu gutanga uburezi mpuzamahanga nyuma y’Amerika n'Ubwongereza. <ref>https://www.oecd.org/education/EAG2012%20-%20Country%20note%20-%20Australia.pdf</ref> Australiya ifite umubare munini w’abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga ku muturage w’abatuye isi ku bwinshi, aho abanyamahanga 812.000 biyandikishije muri za kaminuza n’ibigo by’imyuga mu mwaka wa 2019.<ref>https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2019/11/australian-universities-double-down-on-international-students/</ref><ref>https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fproperty%2Fbooming-student-market-a-valuable-property%2Fnews-story%2F6bb3823260aa3443f0c26909406d089b&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-cold-test-noscore&V21spcbehaviour=append</ref> == Amabwiriza y'inkunga muri AUSTRALIA == Amabwiriza, imikorere, n’inkunga y’uburezi ni inshingano za Leta n’intara kubera ko guverinoma ya Ositaraliya idafite ububasha bw’itegeko nshinga bwo gushyiraho amategeko yerekeye uburezi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090411044012/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s51.html</ref> Nyamara, guverinoma ihuriweho na leta ifasha gutera inkunga amashuri ategamiye kuri leta, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170131190538/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/aea2013210/s21.html</ref> ifasha gutera inkunga kaminuza za leta no gutera inkunga amashuri makuru binyuze muri gahunda y’inguzanyo y’abanyeshuri, kandi ikagenga abatanga imyuga<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170319235130/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/nveatra2011492/</ref>Inyigisho nyuma y’urwego igengwa n’ibikorwa bya [[Ositaraliya|Australiya]] yujuje ibyangombwa, sisitemu ihuriweho n’ubumenyi bw’igihugu mu mashuri, amashuri y’imyuga n’amahugurwa, hamwe n’amashuri makuru.Ironderero ry’uburezi, ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku iterambere ry’abantu muri 2018, rishingiye ku mibare yo mu 2017, ryashyize Ositaraliya ku mwanya wa 0.929, ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi.<ref>https://hdr.undp.org/en/data</ref> == Amashuri Abanza nayi cuke == Gahunda yamashuri ABANZA na progaramu mbere yincuke muri Ositaraliya ntisanzwe kandi ntabwo ari itegeko. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130503225437/http://playgroupaustralia.com.au/files/pdf/playgroupAU_page_Vision_and_Mission.pdf</ref> Icya mbere kigaragaza abana benshi bo muri Ositaraliya bagomba kwigira hamwe nabandi hanze yuburere gakondo ni ukurera abana cyangwa itsinda ryababyeyi . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130503225437/http://playgroupaustralia.com.au/files/pdf/playgroupAU_page_Vision_and_Mission.pdf</ref>nkibi ntibisanzwe bifatwa nkishuri, kuko uburezi bwintangarugero butandukanye nishuri ryibanze muri leta zose nintara, usibye Australiya yuburengerazuba aho amashuri abanza yigishirizwa mubice bigize amashuri abanza <ref name="resp">https://web.archive.org/web/20130503225437/http://playgroupaustralia.com.au/files/pdf/playgroupAU_page_Vision_and_Mission.pdf</ref> na Victoria aho urwego rwa leta, Imikorere ya Victorian Yambere Yiga no Gutezimbere (VEYLDF) ikubiyemo abana kuva bakivuka kugeza kumyaka 8, ikoreshwa namashuri amwe murwego rwigihugu. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130503225437/http://playgroupaustralia.com.au/files/pdf/playgroupAU_page_Vision_and_Mission.pdf</ref> Muri Queensland, porogaramu zitangira amashuri bakunze kwita Kindergarten cyangwa Pre-Prep kandi mubisanzwe bikorerwa wenyine ariko bikurura inkunga ya leta iyo ikoresheje byibuze amasaha 600 kumwaka kandi bigatangwa numwarimu wiyandikishije. <ref name=":0">https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf</ref> Ubusanzwe amashuri abanza ayobowe na leta nintara, usibye muri Victoria, Ositaraliya yepfo na New South Wales aho usanga akenshi bayoborwa ninama zaho, amatsinda yabaturage cyangwa imiryango yigenga.<ref name=":0" /> Amashuri abanza atangwa kubana bafite imyaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu; umubare w'abitabira uratandukanye cyane muri leta, ariko 85.7% by'abana bitabiriye amashuri abanziriza ishuri. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100928134647/http://www.aeufederal.org.au/Ec/PreschoolEducationSheetNo2.pdf</ref> Umwaka mbere yuko umwana agomba kwiga amashuri abanza niwo mwaka nyamukuru w'amashuri abanza. Uyu mwaka uritabiriwe cyane kandi urashobora gufata amasaha make yibikorwa muminsi y'icyumweru.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110216125646/http://www.aeufederal.org.au/Ec/FS4.pdf</ref> == Amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye == [[Dosiye:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 2817 Infants Primary Total Persons.svg|thumb|shuri Rikuru rya St Mary, Hobart, ku ifoto muri 2014. Ishuri rikuru rifatanije na Presentation Sisters, ikigo cy’amadini cya Kiliziya Gatolika .]] Amashuri 10.584 yiyandikishije yakoreraga muri Ositaraliya muri 2019, muri yo 7.092 ni amashuri ya leta . <ref>https://asl.acara.edu.au/School-Search</ref> Kugeza muri 2019, amashuri ya leta yigishije 65.4% byabanyeshuri bose. Muri 2017, hari abarimu bari munsi ya 282.000 mumashuri abanza nayisumbuye ya Ositaraliya. Mu mashuri atagengwa na Leta, hafi bibiri bya gatatu byari amashuri gatolika . <ref>https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Primary%20and%20secondary%20education~105</ref> Igice kinini cyibiciro byishuri rya leta byujujwe na leta cyangwa intara bireba. <ref>https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Primary%20and%20secondary%20education~105</ref> Guverinoma ya Australiya itanga igice kinini c'inkunga ya leta mumashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu, yunganirwa na reta hamwe nintara<ref>https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1301.0~2012~Main%20Features~Primary%20and%20secondary%20education~105</ref>Amashuri ategamiye kuri leta, yaba ay'amadini cyangwa ay'isi asanzwe yishyura amafaranga y'ishuri ku gahato n'andi mafaranga. Amashuri ya leta atanga uburezi nta mafaranga y'ishuri ateganijwe, nubwo amashuri menshi ya leta asaba kwishyura amafaranga 'kubushake' kugirango yishyure amafaranga runaka<ref>https://www.dese.gov.au/404?site_search=funding+schools</ref>Hatitawe ku kuba ishuri ari leta cyangwa itegamiye kuri Leta, rigengwa n’urwego rumwe rw'amasomo. Urwego ruyobowe na Australiya ishinzwe integanyanyigisho, Isuzuma na Raporo . <ref>https://www.dese.gov.au/higher-education</ref>Amashuri menshi asaba abanyeshuri kwambara imyenda yabigenewe . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130415213947/http://www.immi.gov.au/living-in-australia/settle-in-australia/everyday-life/education/whatforme.htm</ref> Umwaka w'ishure muri Australiya utangura muri Mutarama ukarangira mu Kuboza. References <references /> [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Education]] i7hu9ydzwajfn9gaf49aktxe72xe5pz 0 10015 82123 82010 2022-02-22T09:13:54Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki == UGHE == [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza Global Heath Eqwity]] izwi nka UGHE ni kaminuza yatangiye gukorera mu Rwanda muri 2015 ni ubwoko bushya bwa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] Bwibanda cyane mu gutanga ubuvuzi buhanitse murwego rwogukemura ibibazo by'imibereho nibiteza ubusumbane n'imikorere idahwitse muBUVUZI MU [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-equity#tab=tab_1</ref> == Imiyoborere == ku itariki ya 3 Mata UGHE yashyizeho Uwahoze ari [[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)|Minisitiri w'ubuzima]] Agnes Binagwaho nk'umuyobozi<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(04)16325-3.pdf</ref> wungirije wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza ya Global Health Eqwity]] murwego rwo kugenzura iyaguka rya gahunda zuburezi nubushakashati bya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminu]]<nowiki/>za ya UGHE ndetse no guteza imbere ubufatanye bw'isi ndetse n'ikigo cyayo cya butaro giherereye mu Rwanda [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|muntara ya'amajyaruguru]]<ref>https://ughe.org/</ref> == Inkuru yakababaro == nyuma yibikorwa byinshi iyi [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya UGHE yagezho mu gutanga umusanzu kubuzima mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] no hanze yarwo nibwo ibinymakuru byinshi byo kwi isi hose ndetse nabimwe mubikorera mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] [[Kigali|i Kigali]] byatangaje inkuru yakababaro yuko umwe mu bashinze iyi kaminuza uzwi kwi zina rya Paul Farmer wagize uruhare rukomeye mubuvuzi mu Rwanda ndetse akanabwigisha yitabye Imana kuya 21 gashyantare 2022 akaba ari inkuru yashenguye imitima ya benshi ku isi hose akaba yaguye Ibutaro mu Rwanda azize urupfu rutunguranye<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60474570</ref> == Reba == 5ac1x0uud9lmowghq3vlsudo33hjhtw 0 10017 82023 82017 2022-02-14T17:46:28Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mitchells-plain-schoolkids.jpg|thumb|Ishuri ryabana Muri cape toun ]] '''Uburezi muri Afurika yepfo''' bugengwa n’amashami abiri y’igihugu, ari yo ishami ry’uburezi bw’ibanze (DBE)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Basic_Education</ref>, rishinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, n’ishami ry’Amashuri Makuru n'Amahugurwa (DHET), rishinzwe amashuri makuru n’imyuga .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_education</ref> amahugurwa . Mbere ya 2009, ayo mashami yombi yari ahagarariwe mu ishami rimwe ry'uburezi .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_school</ref>Ishami rya DBE rivuga ku mashuri ya Leta, amashuri yigenga (nanone ishami ryita amashuri yigenga ), ibigo byita ku bana bato (ECD), n'amashuri akeneye bidasanzwe . Amashuri ya leta hamwe n’ishuri ryigenga bizwi hamwe nk’ishuri risanzwe, hafi 97% y’amashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Education_(South_Africa)</ref>Ishami rya DHET ryita ku yandi mashuri makuru n’amahugurwa (FET) ubu azwi ku izina rya Tekiniki n’imyuga n’imyuga (TVET).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_education</ref>amashuri makuru y’ibanze akuze n’amahugurwa (ABET), n’ibigo by'amashuri makuru (HE).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_education</ref>Intara icyenda zo muri Afrika yepfo nazo zifite amashami y’uburezi ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ishami ry’igihugu no gukemura ibibazo byaho.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2010, gahunda y’ibanze y’uburezi yari igizwe n’abanyeshuri 12,644.208, amashuri 30.586, n’abarimu 439.394. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150928051110/http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VlqIdHT7qZ8%3D&tabid=93&mid=1952</ref> Muri 2009, amashuri makuru n’amahugurwa yari agizwe n’abanyeshuri 837.779 bo mu bigo bya HE, abanyeshuri 420.475 bo mu bigo bya FET bigenzurwa na leta na 297.900 mu bigo bigenzurwa na leta.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927135637/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=137426</ref>Muri 2013, leta ya Afrika yepfo yakoresheje 21% yingengo yigihugu mu burezi. Hafi ya 10% yingengo yuburezi ni ayisumbuye. == Imiterere na Mabwiriza == Ishami ry’uburezi bw’ibanze riyobowe n’umuyobozi mukuru, Hubert Mathanzima Mweli, Amabwiriza yaryo ikorwa na minisitiri Angie Motshekga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie_Motshekga</ref> na minisitiri wungirije Reginah Mhaule<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginah_Mhaule</ref>. Ishami ry’Amashuri Makuru n'Amahugurwa riyobowe n'umuyobozi mukuru, Gwebs Qonde, Amabwiriza yaryo ikorwa na minisitiri Blade Nzimande <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Nzimande</ref>na minisitiri wungirije Buti Manamela.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buti_Manamela</ref>Inzego zombi ziterwa inkunga n’imisoro ya leta . Ishami ry’uburezi bwibanze ryishyura igice cyimishahara yabarimu mumashuri ya leta, ariko amashuri yigenga aterwa inkunga wenyine. Amashuri ya leta arashobora, mubihe bimwe, kuzuza amafaranga yabo binyuze mumisanzu y'ababyeyi. . Mubisanzwe Inteko Nyobozi y'Ishuri (SGB) ishinzwe gukusanya inkunga mumashuri. Inteko Nyobozi y'Ishuri mumashuri abanza igizwe n'ababyeyi, abarimu n'abakozi bunganira. Mu mashure yisumbuye, igizwe n'ababyeyi, abarimu, abakozi bunganira n'abiga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government</ref> == Sisitemu yuburezi bwibanze (amashuri abanza nayisumbuye) Afurika yepfo == DBE yashyize kumugaragaro amanota mubice bibiri "bande" yiswe Uburezi Rusange n'Amahugurwa (GET), ikubiyemo icyiciro cya 0 wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza ku cya 9, hamwe n'Amashuri Makuru n'Amahugurwa (FET), akubiyemo icyiciro cya 10-12 kimwe no kutari hejuru amashuri yimyuga yimyuga. KUBONA (Itsinda rusange ryigisha no guhugura) rigabanijwemo "icyiciro" cyitwa Icyiciro cya Fondasiyo (icyiciro cya 0 wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza ku cya 3), Icyiciro cyo hagati (icyiciro cya 4 kugeza ku cya 6), nicyiciro cya mbere (icyiciro cya 7 kugeza 9) .Imiterere yubuyobozi bwibigo byinshi bisanzwe muri Afrika yepfo ntibigaragaza kugabana amatsinda nibice. Kubwimpamvu zamateka, amashuri menshi ni "amashuri abanza" (icyiciro cya R wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza 7) cyangwa "amashuri yisumbuye", bizwi kandi nkayisumbuye (icyiciro cya 8 kugeza 12). == Amanota atemewe == [[Dosiye:Grouping of South African school grades into phases, bands and schools.png|thumb|Ubururu: AMASHURI ABANZA Umutuku : AMASHURI YISUMBUYE ]] Amashuri amwe yo murugo hamwe nishuri ryigenga bitanga amahitamo yo kurangiza umwaka wongeyeho nyuma yicyiciro cya 12, rimwe na rimwe bizwi nkicyiciro cya 13 cyangwa "post-matric". Gahunda y’ishuri rya leta ya Afrika yepfo ntabwo ifite icyiciro cya 13, ariko igize igice cyamasomo atari muri Afrika yepfo rimwe na rimwe agakurikirwa namashuri yigenga muri Afrika yepfo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927223524/http://www.love2learn.co.za/about7.html</ref><ref>http://www.rosewaywaldorf.co.za/learning/high-school/</ref>Icyiciro cya Fondasiyo ya DBE gikubiyemo icyiciro kibanziriza ishuri kizwi ku izina rya R, "kwakira". Icyiciro cya R ni itegeko, ariko ntabwo amashuri abanza yose atanga amanota R. Grade R nayo ishobora kwitabira amashuri abanza. Ayandi manota ashobora kurangirira mumashuri abanziriza ishuri harimo icyiciro cya 00 nicyiciro cya 000 (nubwo amazina ya 000 na 00 adakoreshwa kwisi yose). Icyiciro cya R rimwe na rimwe cyitwa Grade 0 (bisobanurwa ngo "grade naught"), <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140226124222/http://www.sprogs.co.za/resources/kids-questions-answers/child-%e2%80%98school%e2%80%99-gr-000-send-he%e2%80%99s-6-turning-7-gr-1</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140222201657/http://www.sprogs.co.za/resources/kids-questions-answers/is-there-a-difference-between-gr-0-and-gr-00</ref>cyane cyane mumashuri yera mbere, aho imikoreshereze yahoze ari rusange. == Ikigereranyo cy'abiga == Raporo y’ibarurishamibare ya DBE yo mu mwaka wa 2010 (yasohotse mu 2012), ugereranyije hari abiga 30 kuri buri mwarimu, 480 biga ku ishuri, n’abarimu 16 ku ishuri. Umubare w'abiga kuri buri mwarimu urasa hafi mu ntara zose, ariko ikigereranyo cy'abiga kuri buri shuri kiratandukanye kuri buri ntara. Kurugero, i Gauteng hari abiga 800 kuri buri shuri na 28 mwishuri, mugihe muburasirazuba bwa Cape hari 350 biga kuri buri shuri na 12 mwishuri.I mibare ivuguruye ya 2013 (yatangajwe muri 2015) irahari.<ref>http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/Education%20Statistic%202013.pdf</ref> == Amafaranga yishuri hamwe nibisohoka == Amashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo ahabwa inkunga na reta kubikorwa byayo, nko kubungabunga ikibanza, amafaranga yubuyobozi, umushahara, ibitabo nibikoresho byuburezi, nibikorwa bidasanzwe. Amashuri menshi yuzuza inkunga ya leta hamwe nandi masoko yinjiza, nkamafaranga yishuri yishyurwa nababyeyi, ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga, no kwakira impano. Mubisanzwe, amafaranga yishuri abuza abana bakennye kwiga amashuri akize. Nta karimbi k'amafaranga ishuri rishobora gushiraho. Ababyeyi barashobora gusaba ishuri kugirango bagabanye amafaranga yishuri cyangwa igice. Amashuri menshi akize atanga ubufasha bwamafaranga kumubare muto wabanyeshuri (urugero, niba ababyeyi barangije), ariko ntabwo byemewe n'amategeko<ref>http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/schoolfees.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130128084627/http://www.southafrica.info/about/education/schooling-231106.htm</ref>.Abana bo mumashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo basabwa kugura no kwambara imyenda yishuri nubwo akenshi bishoboka kubigura. Amashuri menshi atanga ibikorwa bidasanzwe nkimikino itandukanye nibikorwa byumuco, bisaba amafaranga yo kubungabunga. Amashuri menshi agumana ibibuga byayo by'imikino. Ingano y'inkunga itangwa na leta igenwa ahanini n'urwego rw'ubukene bw'abaturanyi iryo shuri riherereyemo, ndetse n'ubushomeri ndetse n'uburere rusange bw'abaturage muri ako gace. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amashuri yo mu turere dukize cyane agomba gukusanya amafaranga menshi ahandi kugirango akomeze uburinganire bumwe, ariko amashuri yo mu turere dukize akenshi usanga yinjiza menshi cyane kuburyo amashuri yabo ari menshi cyane kuruta ayandi mashuri akize. Ingano yinkunga ya leta kumwana biterwa na "quintille" yishuri. Muri 2009, amashuri yo muri quintille 1 (abakene cyane) na quintille 2 yakiriye R807 na R740 kumwana kumwaka, naho amashuri yo muri quintille 4 na quintile 5 (abakire) yakiriye R404 na R134 kumwana kumwaka. Amashuri yo muri quintile 1-3 arashobora gusaba gutondekwa nkishuri "Ntamafaranga"; 5% by'amashuri yose ni quintille 5, naho 15% mumashuri yose ni quintille 4. <ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref> == Icyigeranyo cy'amafaranga y'ishuri == Amashuri ntasabwa gutangaza amafaranga yishuri kumugaragaro, kandi amashuri menshi arabihisha, ariko hano hari ingero zamafaranga yishuri mumashuri atari ayigenga muri Afrika yepfo. * Umuturirwa muremure, Bellville: R15200 kumwana kumwaka <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030743/http://www.settlers.org.za/assets/circular/2012/schoolfees_2013.pdf</ref> * Urwibutso rwa Parike, Kraaifontein: R9000 ku mwana ku mwaka<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130703053824/http://hsmp.co.za/home.html?http%3A%2F%2Fhsmp.co.za%2Fskoolfonds.html</ref> == Amafaranga y'ishuri Kubakene == Amashuri ntashobora kwanga kwinjira mubana batuye hafi yishuri. Amashuri ntashobora kwanga kwinjira mubana cyangwa kwanga gutanga amakarita ya raporo nubwo ababyeyi babo birengagije kwishyura amafaranga yishuri, ariko amashuri yemerewe kurega ababyeyi kubera ko batishyuye amafaranga yishuri. Kuva mu 1996, abana bafite ababyeyi bakennye cyane basonewe mumashuri amwe cyangwa yose. Kuva mu 1998, formula niyi ikurikira. Niba amafaranga yinjiza hamwe nababyeyi ari munsi yikubye inshuro icumi amafaranga yishuri yumwaka, umwana asonewe byemewe n'amategeko. <ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref>Niba amafaranga yinjiza arenze inshuro icumi amafaranga yishuri ariko munsi yikubye inshuro mirongo itatu yishuri, umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga yishuri. Mubikorwa, ayo mabwiriza afasha imiryango ikennye cyane, ntabwo ari abakozi bakora nimiryango iciriritse.Imfubyi n'abana b'ababyeyi bahabwa inkunga zishingiye ku bukene na bo basonewe amafaranga y'ishuri.<ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref> Kuva mu 2006, Ishami ry’Uburezi ritanga uburyo bukurikira ku bakene 40% b’ishuri. Niba ishuri ritishyuye amafaranga yishuri, ishami ryuburezi ryongera inkunga kugirango ryuzuze amafaranga yishuri. Ubusanzwe byari biteganijwe kongera iyi nkunga kumashuri akennye cyane 60% mumwaka wa 2009. Inkunga ireba gusa abana bo mu itsinda rya GED, kandi abana bifuza kurangiza icyiciro cya 10-12 bagomba kwishyura amafaranga yose.Mu mwaka wa 2008, abiga bagera kuri miliyoni 5 mu mashuri 14.264 bungukiwe na gahunda y'ishuri rya No Fee, kandi benshi muri bo bari mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, KwaZulu-Natal na Limpopo . Ntabwo amashuri yose yujuje ibyangombwa byo kuyikoresha. == Amashuri yigenga == Amashuri yigenga, azwi kandi nk'ishuri ryigenga, ni amashuri adafite leta. Mubisanzwe bafite kandi bigakorwa nicyizere, itorero cyangwa umuryango, cyangwa nisosiyete iharanira inyungu . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For-profit_corporation</ref>Amashuri yigenga yose yo muri Afrika yepfo ntabwo yishyuza amashuri yisumbuye. Amashuri amwe yigenga nayo ahabwa inkunga na leta, bitewe nabaturage bakorewe hamwe namafaranga yatanzwe Referances [[Ikiciro:UBUREZI]] [[Ikiciro:EDUCATION]] 047cfrvgblbbb57m31odvlqizzc3v03 14 10018 82018 2022-02-14T16:12:58Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Guha urungano Ubumenyi" wikitext text/x-wiki Guha urungano Ubumenyi kcx6pijojkoj90kzex0l1o1a2ehrn6s 14 10019 82019 2022-02-14T16:13:30Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Gutanga ubumenyi" wikitext text/x-wiki Gutanga ubumenyi 1vatl9ba2lzntxsseqv9zweywzr8nqc 0 10020 82022 82021 2022-02-14T17:45:39Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahunda ya Burse ya Leta ya '''[[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]]''', cyangwa '''KGSP''', ni buruse yo kwiga iterwa inkunga kandi igacungwa n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe uburezi mpuzamahanga (NIIED), ishami rya minisiteri y'uburezi muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya y'Epfo). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_International_Education_(NIIED)</ref> NIIED itanga buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwa gahunda zingoboka zo guhanahana amasomo hagati ya Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo) nibihugu mpuzamahanga. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa porogaramu, kandi byombi ni ibya GKS. == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS == Ibi ni ugushyigikira imyigire y'abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza zo muri koreya (haba mucyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) == Nukugoboka abanyeshuri ba koreya biga mumahanga (urwego rwa nyuma). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za bourse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Urutonde rwa Gahunda ya GKS == Usibye gahunda ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, hariho gahunda zitandukanye zo gutumira abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo), zose zikaba ari "Global [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Korea]] Scholarship (GKS * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) * Gahunda y'Ubutumire bwa Guverinoma ya Koreya ku bihugu by'abafatanyabikorwa * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri b’ivunjisha * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri baterwa inkunga * GKS kubanyeshuri ba ASEANI Yubumenyi nubuhanga * Gahunda ya GKS Impeshyi kubanyeshuri bo muri Afrika na Latine * Porogaramu yo Guhana Abanyeshuri muri Koreya n'Ubuyapani == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) itanga "abatari abanyakoreya" n " abanyakoreya bo mumahanga (bujuje ibisabwa) "inkunga n amahirwe yo gukora amasomo yisumbuye cyangwa ayisumbuye muri kaminuza [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|ya Repubulika ya Koreya]] (Koreya yepfo) ). Byaba bikenewe na kaminuza cyangwa abahawe buruse bifuza, barashobora kubona infashanyo yinyongera yo kwiga ururimi rwigikoreya. Kuva yashingwa mu 1967, abanyeshuri barenga 3.000 baturutse mu bihugu 148 barangije neza gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info">http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349</ref> <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter">http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html</ref>.I yi gahunda yagenewe gutumira impano mpuzamahanga muri Koreya yepfo, no guhuza intiti mumico na societe ya koreya. Niba byemewe, buri muhanga asanzwe amara umwaka umwe muri Koreya yepfo yiga ururimi rwigikoreya, agakurikirwa na gahunda ya kaminuza yimyaka 2 - 4, bitewe nurwego rwabo. Muri 2015, abanyeshuri 820 baturutse mu bihugu 162 bakiriwe muri gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter2">http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html</ref> Icyakora, intiti 270 zananiwe kubona impamyabumenyi yazo mu myaka ya 2011 - 2015, zerekana inzitizi z’ururimi n’umuco . <ref>http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150908001110</ref>.Buri ntiti iterwa inkunga na leta ya koreya muburyo bwamafaranga ya buri kwezi . Abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 800.000 KRW ku kwezi mugihe abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 900.000 KRW ku kwezi. Mubyongeyeho, NIIED itanga indege kubanyeshuri no kuva mugihugu cyabo mugitangira no kurangiza gahunda. Amafaranga atangwa nandi mafaranga nayo ahabwa buri muhanga. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info2">http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349</ref>. == Inkunga ya Porogaramu y'ururimi rwa koreya == Mbere yo gutangira impamyabumenyi zabo, intiti za KGSP zirasabwa gufata umwaka umwe w’indimi zikomeye mu kigo cyagenewe ururimi. Intiti zose zirasabwa kubona byibuze urwego rwa 3 (intermediate) mugupimisha ubumenyi muri koreya (TOPIK) mbere yuko bakomeza amasomo yabo. <ref name="TOPIK Guide">http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015</ref> Nk’uko NIIED ibivuga, urwego rwa 3 rwa TOPIK rutuma umuntu "akora imirimo y’ibanze y’indimi zikenewe mu gukoresha ibikoresho rusange no gukomeza imibanire myiza. <ref>http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html</ref> .Igihe gisanzwe kuri gahunda yururimi ni umwaka umwe, ariko irashobora kurekurwa, kugabanywa cyangwa kwagurwa bitewe n ibisubizo bya TOPIK. Intiti zabonye mbere ya TOPIK ya 5 cyangwa 6 (zateye imbere) zisonewe gahunda yindimi, kandi zirasabwa guhita zitangira amasomo. Niba intiti ibonye TOPIK 5 cyangwa 6 mugihe cyamezi atandatu yambere ya gahunda yururimi, noneho basabwa gutangira amasomo yabo mugihembwe gitaha, bakagabanya igihe cyabo mumashuri atandatu. Byongeye kandi, intiti zananiwe kugera kuri TOPIK 3 nyuma yumwaka umwe wiga ururimi ntizishobora gukomeza amasomo yabo, kandi zigomba gukora andi mezi atandatu yo kwiga ururimi mukigo cyindimi zabo. <ref>https://www.educanada.ca/scholarships-bourses/can/fga_korea-bge_coree.aspx?lang=eng</ref> Abanyeshuri ntibashobora kuva muri Koreya yepfo mugihe cyururimi kugirango bashobore kwibanda kumyigire yabo. Ariko, ibintu bidasanzwe birakorwa mugihe cyihutirwa nibibazo byumuryango.Ikigo cyindimi cyagenwe na NIIED kandi ntigishobora guhinduka. <ref name="TOPIK Guide2">http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015</ref> Ibigo byindimi birimo amashuri nka kaminuza ya Keimyung na kaminuza ya Dongseo, kandi mubisanzwe mumujyi utandukanye nishuri ryatoranijwe muri gahunda yimpamyabumenyi. Ibi biha buri muhanga amahirwe yo gusuzuma imijyi myinshi yo muri Koreya yepfo.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya D-4 yo kwiga ururimi. <ref name="Visa">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga ya Impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza == Mugihe cyo gusaba, intiti zihitamo porogaramu na kaminuza kuri gahunda zabo zidashobora guhinduka, bikabuza ibihe bikabije. Gahunda ya buruse igenera imyaka ine intiti zikurikirana [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga]], imyaka ibiri y'icyiciro cya [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|gatatu cya kaminuza]] n'imyaka itatu kuri [[:en:PhD|PhD]] . Impamyabumenyi isabwa kuri buri ntiti ishingiye kuri gahunda yabo na kaminuza.Intiti zifite TOPIK urwego rwa 5 cyangwa zirenga zihabwa 100.000 KRW buri kwezi kumafaranga yabo ya buri kwezi mugihe cyo kwiga. Amafaranga yinyongera ahabwa intiti mubyiciro byubushakashatsi.<ref name="NIIED KGSP Info3">http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349</ref>.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya [[:en:List_of_South_Korean_visas#D_visas|D-2]] kugirango bakomeze.<ref name="Visa2">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga y'inyongera == Usibye gutera inkunga y'ishuri, amafaranga yo kubaho no kwiga ururimi rwa koreya, hepfo hazashyirwa ahagaragara na leta ya koreya ''* Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'igihugu'' ''* Itike yindege hagati yigihugu cyigihugu na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Repubulika ya Koreya]] (rimwe)'' == Ibihugu byitabiriye == Kugeza 2014, abaturage baturutse mu [[:en:Citizens|bihugu]] 157 barashobora gusaba KGSP. Menya ko urutonde rwibihugu ruvugururwa buri mwaka, ariko ibihugu byinshi kwisi birimo. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !List of Countries with KGSP Quotas | |- |[[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]] |[[Alubaniya|Albania]] |[[Aligeriya|Algeria]] |[[Angola]] |- |[[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |[[Ositiriya|Austria]] |[[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] |[[Bahirayini|Bahrain]] |- |[[Belarusi|Belarus]] |[[Ububiligi|Belgium]] |[[Bene|Benin]] |[[Butani|Bhutan]] |- |[[Burezile|Brazil]] |[[Buruneyi|Brunei]] |[[Bulugariya|Bulgaria]] |[[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |- |[[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |[[Kanada|Canada]] |[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Central African Republic]] |[[Shili|Chile]] |- |[[Kosita Rika|Costa Rica]] |[[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]] |[[Korowatiya|Croatia]] |[[Cekiya|Czech Republic]] |} == Kaminuza zujuje ibisabwa == Muri 2014, kaminuza 60 zagenwe na NIIED nkibigo byujuje ibyangombwa byo kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. <ref name="Guidebook">http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/2014-KGSP-Guideline-3a-3xh.pdf</ref> === Ibyo Wareba === [[:en:Scholarships_in_Korea|Scholarship in KOREA]] [[:en:Education_in_South_Korea|Education in SOUTH KOREA]] === External links === [http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/ Study in korea] [http://www.niied.go.kr/ National Institute for International Education (NIIED)] Referances <references /> [[Ikiciro:Education]] 833n1uxgkrw4uuwarebypoepgv3m1q7 0 10021 82026 2022-02-15T11:35:30Z Divine2004 10613 juno kizigenza wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhanzi kwizera bosco uzwi mu muziki nka juno kizigenza amaze kwigarurira abakunzi b'umuziki nya [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/amateka-ya-juno-kizigenza-na-mr-flavour-bavukira-umunsi-umwe</ref> kwizera bosco wavukiye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|kicukiro]] tariki 23 [[Ugushyingo]] 2000 agakurana urukundo ruhebuje rw'[[umupira w'amaguru]] ubu ni umwe mubahanzi bakunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] mugihe kitajyeze kumyaka 2 amaze mu muziki. == Amateka == [[Juno kizigenza]] yavutse mu bana barindwi akura akunda [[umupira w'amaguru]] cyane ari naho papa we umubyara yamwitiriye akazina ka [[kizigenza.]]<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/artist?id=2badb1d1b0</ref> Nyuma yokugera mu mashuri yisumbuye [[umupira w'a maguru]] yawushize hasi,yirundurira mu muziki. kizigenza ari mubahanzi bazamutse byihuse kandi agakurwa n'a bataribacye cyane cyane mu ndirimbo ze zakunzwe nka Mpa formula,Solid,Nazubaye,Night mare n'izindi nyinshi. == Ibikorwa[entrepreuneurship] == Juno kizigenza mu [[myaka]] itaruzura 2 amaze mu muziki amaze kugira [[indirimbo 12]].esheshatu murizo ziri kuri EP yitwa<nowiki>''6kg''</nowiki> zose zakunzwe ku buryo utabona izo utoranya.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/amateka-ya-juno-kizigenza-na-mr-flavour-bavukira-umunsi-umwe</ref> indirimbo12 zimaze kurebwa na bantu b'arengaho gato million 6 nibihumbi 300. ni ndirimbo 12 zimaze gutuma akurikirwa na barenga ibihumbi 129 kurubuga rw[[' Instargram.]] [[kizigenza]] nu mwe mubahanzi bafite umugisha wuko indirimbo yagiyemo yamamara cyane urugero <nowiki>'',kutsutsu''</nowiki> ya [[papa cyangwe]],na Ostam ya[[Bishanya Big Bang]],na AWay ya [[Ariel Ways.]]<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/artist?id=2badb1d1b0</ref> == Ibihembo ya hataniye == Juno [[kizigenza]] nu mwe mubahanzi bafite [[umugisha]] ntagereranywa buri bihembo byose ahabwa amahirwe yo kubihatanira kubera i[[gikundiro]] afite.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/amateka-ya-juno-kizigenza-na-mr-flavour-bavukira-umunsi-umwe</ref> Urugero rwiza ni mubihembo bya [[The choose award 2020|The choice award 2020]] aho yegukanye igihembo cyu [[muhanzi]] mwiza wu mwaka kizwi nka [[The choice new artist of the year.]] saho gusa no mubihembo bya ISango na muzika Award naho yatsindiye igihembo cy'u muhanzi mushya wahize abandi mu mwaka wose. Ibyo bihembo byose yabitwaye mu gihe cy'u mwaka umwe yaramaze mumuziki. == Reba == pk1fxlvx1otsbasroe07vqyhz2giv6f 0 10024 82033 2022-02-15T14:52:36Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Gasore Serge == Gasore ni umunyarwanda wa vukiye mu [[Rwanda]] yavutse tariki 25 gicurasi 1986 yahoze ari umu entrete cyangwa kwiruka kumyaka ye 35.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/serge-gasore-14224733</ref> == Imirimo ye (empowerments) == kurubu Gasore ni umwe mubantu bakiri bato mu [[Rwanda]] bafite ibikorwa byo gufasha abatishoboye <ref>https://alumniassociation.acu.edu/s/1565/16/interior.aspx?sid=1565&gid=1&pgid=1790</ref> Gasore yashinze Fonda..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Gasore Serge == Gasore ni umunyarwanda wa vukiye mu [[Rwanda]] yavutse tariki 25 gicurasi 1986 yahoze ari umu entrete cyangwa kwiruka kumyaka ye 35.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/serge-gasore-14224733</ref> == Imirimo ye (empowerments) == kurubu Gasore ni umwe mubantu bakiri bato mu [[Rwanda]] bafite ibikorwa byo gufasha abatishoboye <ref>https://alumniassociation.acu.edu/s/1565/16/interior.aspx?sid=1565&gid=1&pgid=1790</ref> Gasore yashinze Fondasiyo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Intara y'iburasirazuba]] mukarere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] izwi nka [[Fondation Kizito Mihigo pour la Paix|Gasore Foundation]] ibyo bose akaba yarabitewe no kwibaza niba hari umusanzu yatanga mu gufasha abana batagira kivugira <ref>https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.gasore_serge_foundation.894d2d73581c19ba70ff677209bc36ce.html#contact-anchor</ref> == Ibihembo == Gasore kandi aherutse Guhabwa igihembo kishimwe na nyakubahwa Paul Kagame perezida wi gihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] == Imikorere == Gasore Serge Foundation ni ikigo giherereye mu [[Umurenge wa Ntarama|Murenge wa Ntarama]] mukarere Ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] ni ikigo <ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ngutembereze-mu-kigo-gasore-serge-foundation-cyahinduriye-ubuzima-abaturage-b-i</ref> kibanda mugufasha abatishoboye harimo uburezi ubuvuzi kurwanya imirire mibi guteza imbere siporo no kurwanya ingeso mbi murubyiruko nibindi.<ref>https://www.rwandachildren.org/staff</ref> == Bariza hano == ddj7e60mbeax2enenwkcbaahtvj3gnz 0 10025 82034 2022-02-15T15:50:57Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Prof Alexandre Ryambabaje == Ryambabaje yavutse mu mwaka wi 1960 ni umunyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane muri polotiki yu [[Rwanda]] amenyekana cyane nku umuyobozi wa [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] ndetse akaba yarabaye numukinnyi wa volleyball mu ikipe yi igihugu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-kaminuza-y-u-rwanda</ref> == Amashuri yize == Prof Alexandre Ryambabaje yize muri Kami..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Prof Alexandre Ryambabaje == Ryambabaje yavutse mu mwaka wi 1960 ni umunyarwanda wamenyekanye cyane muri polotiki yu [[Rwanda]] amenyekana cyane nku umuyobozi wa [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] ndetse akaba yarabaye numukinnyi wa volleyball mu ikipe yi igihugu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-kaminuza-y-u-rwanda</ref> == Amashuri yize == Prof Alexandre Ryambabaje yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] nkuru yu [[Rwanda]] asoje akomereza<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/former-minister-prof-lyambabaje-appointed-ur-vice-chancellor</ref> ikiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza muri [[Kanada|Canada]]. ni umwe mu bahanga mu Rwanda mu mibare kuko afitemo impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri [[Ubufaransa|Kaminuza ya Rennes mu Bufaransa]] == Imirimo ye == Ryambabaje yakoze muri [[Rwanda|guverinoma yu Rwanda]] mu myanya myinshi itandukanye nko mu mwaka 1999 yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho muri [[Rwanda|minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] nyuma yaho gato mu mwaka wi 2000 agirwa minisitiri w'ubucuruzi [[Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda|ubukerarugendo]] ndetse n'inganda hamwe no guteza imbera ishoramari namakoperative. aho iyo mirimo yayimazeho imyaka isaga 3<ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Ibyingenzi-Prof-Lyambabaje-azibandaho-mu-kuyobora-Kaminuza-yu-Rwanda</ref> == Umwihariko == Prof Ryambabajee ni umwe mubagize uruhare muri politike y'ubucuruzi ndetse byumwihariko n'[[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] yagize kandi uruhare rukomeye mubikorwa bigamije kwihuza kwa [[Afurika|Akarere]] binyuze mu nama za baminisitiri zitandukanye yagiye yitabira zirimo izu [[Afurika|umuryango w'Afurika yiburasirazuba]] na Comesa<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-yagizwe-umuyobozi-wa-kaminuza-y-u-rwanda</ref> == Ubushakashatsi == Prof Ryambabaje Alexandre kuva mumwaka wa 2014 kugeza muri 2015 yari umushakashatsi muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] mwishami ry'ubuvuzi nubuzima Rusange yari kandi asigaye ari umunyamabanga nshingwa bikorwa wa komisiyo ya za [[Afurika|Kaminuza zo muri Afurika yiburasirazuba]] Prof Ryambabaje kandi azwi nku mwarimu wimibare muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] kandi wumuhanga<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/twaganiriye-na-dr-ryambabaje-alexandre-wabaye-umunyapolitiki-umwalimu-n-umukinnyi-ukomeye-wa-volleyball</ref> == Imikino == Prof Ryambabaje kandi yamenyekanye nkumukinnyi ukina umukino wamaboko uzwi nka volleyall kandi akaba azwi nkumuntu ukunda siporo cyane<ref>https://taarifa.rw/who-is-prof-alexandre-lyambabaje-new-v-chancellor-university-of-rwanda/</ref> == Soma == shyp66q0dstppy0wj07aoe8l28fgzpx 0 10026 82036 2022-02-15T18:00:45Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Kakooza Nkuliza Charles == Kakooza wamamaye kwizina rya KNC izina rimaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no [[Akarere ka Muhanga|mu karere]] kubera ibikorwa bye<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/article/urugendo-rutangaje-rwa-knc-watangije-radio-acengana-na-leta</ref> KNC yamamaye [[UMUZIKI|nkumunyamuziki]] umukinnyi wikinamico ndetse nkumunyamakuru wikorera ufite radio na television ye bwite bizwi nka Radio 1 na TV1 bikorera i [[Kigali]] mu Umurenge wa Kacyiru|..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Kakooza Nkuliza Charles == Kakooza wamamaye kwizina rya KNC izina rimaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no [[Akarere ka Muhanga|mu karere]] kubera ibikorwa bye<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/article/urugendo-rutangaje-rwa-knc-watangije-radio-acengana-na-leta</ref> KNC yamamaye [[UMUZIKI|nkumunyamuziki]] umukinnyi wikinamico ndetse nkumunyamakuru wikorera ufite radio na television ye bwite bizwi nka Radio 1 na TV1 bikorera i [[Kigali]] mu [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|murenge wa Kacyiru]] akagira kandi ikipe yumupira w'amaguru izwi nka Gasogi fc<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Impaka-kuri-Sophia-n-ibyapa-Rwabuze-gica-hagati-ya-CP-Kabera-na-KNC</ref> == Ibikorwa == KNC ni umuyobozi wa [[Radio Studio 54 Network|Radio 1 na TV1]] ndtetse ni ibye kugiticye akaba umunyamuziki [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|umukinnyi wa film nikinamico]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/knc-yatunguwe-nakayabo-ka-miliyoni-99-kwizera-olivier-arikwishyuza-gasogi-united-yakiniraga/</ref> akaba umunyamakuru umwanditsi umuyobozi wibitaramo ndetse akaba umuhanga mu kwamamaza ibikorwa byabashoramari nibindi akaba afite ikipe izwi nka Gasogi FC iri mukiciro cyambere mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://rwandaexpress.blogspot.com/2012/03/rwanda-knc-ni-muntu-ki.html</ref> == Agasha == KNC ubwo yigaga mu i[[Ishuri|shuri]] rizwi nka [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]] yashinze ihuriro ryabahanzi nabaririmbyi yise the Earth Light ryarimo bamwe mubyamamare bizwi cyane mu Rwanda nka [[UMUZIKI|Tom close]] Manasseh Mico ndetse nabandi benshi batandukanye icyogihe basubiragamo [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zabandi bagategura i[[UMUZIKI|bitaramo]] kwinjira byari inote yijana 100 yashoboraga gutegura igitaramo akuzuza inzu yimyidagaduro ya l[[Lycée de Kigali|ycee de Kigali]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/imanza/KNC-yagizwe-umwere-mu-rubanza-yarezwemo-n-uwo-bashinganye-Radio-One</ref> == Ibindi == KNC kandi mumwaka wa 2014 gashyantare tariki 25 nibwo hamenyekanye inkuru yakababaro ku mwana we wimfura warurwariye mu [[Ubuhinde|gihugu cy'ubuhinde]] yitabye Imana inkuru yababaje abatari bacye cyane cyane nkabafana be ndetse nabakunzi be n'umuryangowe<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/56311/tom-close-yapfushije-mukuru-we-knc-apfusha-umwana-w-imfura-56311.html</ref> == Bariza Hano == i5qe0pyumdw2ggtbztcltehwvusp0lt 0 10027 82037 2022-02-15T18:30:12Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Aime Beaute Mushashi == ni umunyarwandakazi wuje uburanga ukora umwuga witangaza makuru kuri micro za Tvi1 [[Kigali|i Kigali]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/opinion/</ref> == Soma ==" wikitext text/x-wiki == Aime Beaute Mushashi == ni umunyarwandakazi wuje uburanga ukora umwuga witangaza makuru kuri micro za Tvi1 [[Kigali|i Kigali]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/opinion/</ref> == Soma == faxhyyrdvjhxcohdbu38a0i9suk9dlx 0 10028 82710 82591 2022-05-02T09:10:34Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #WikiforNature wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Eagle at Ankeny Wildlife Refuge by Sarah Buys (8272126745).jpg|thumb]] '''[[:en:Non-governmental_organization|Kubungabunga]] inyamaswa''' bivuga imyitozo yo kurinda amoko y’inyamanswa n’aho atuye hagamijwe kubungabunga amoko y’ibinyabuzima cyangwa abaturage ndetse no kugarura, kurinda cyangwa kuzamura [[:en:Ecosystem|urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] . Ikibazo gikomeye kibangamiye inyamaswa zirimo [[:en:Habitat_destruction|gusenya aho gutura]], kwangirika, gucikamo ibice, gukoresha cyane, guhiga, guhumana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [[Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi|IUCN]] ivuga ko amoko 27.000 y’ibisuzumwa afite ibyago byo kuzimira. Kwiyongera ku moko yose ariho, raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 2019 ivuga ku [[:en:Biodiversity|binyabuzima]] yashyize iyi mibare hejuru cyane ku bwoko bwa miliyoni. Birashimangirwa kandi ko umubare w’ibinyabuzima byiyongera ku isi birimo amoko yangiritse bigenda bicika. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, habaye ingufu za leta ndetse n’amahanga mu kubungabunga inyamaswa zo ku isi. Amasezerano akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije arimo Amasezerano yo mu 1973 [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bwoko bw’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n’ibimera]] (CITES) [[:en:Convention_on_Biological_Diversity|n’amasezerano yo mu 1992 y’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye]] (CBD). <ref name=":62">https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php</ref> <ref name=":72">https://www.cbd.int/history/default.shtml</ref> Hariho kandi imiryango myinshi [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|itegamiye kuri leta]] (ONG) igamije kubungabunga ibidukikije nko [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|kubungabunga ibidukikije]], [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima ku isi]], ndetse no [[:en:Conservation_International|kubungabunga ibidukikije]] . == Itotezwa ku nyamaswa == [[Dosiye:Lacanja_burn_crop.JPG|alt=|thumb|275x275px|Ishyamba ryatwitse ubuhinzi mu majyepfo ya [[Megizike|Mexico]] .]] [[:en:Habitat_destruction|Kurimbuka]] gutura bigabanya umubare wibinyabuzima bishobora guturamo. [[:en:Habitat_fragmentation|Gutandukana kw'imiturire]] bisenya inzira ikomeza guturamo, akenshi igabanya inyamaswa nini zo mu gasozi mo utuntu duto duto. <ref name=":12">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> [[:en:Habitat_loss|Gutakaza abantu gutura]] no gucikamo ibice nibyo bintu nyamukuru bigabanuka no kuzimangana. Ingero zingenzi zo gutakaza aho abantu batuye harimo gutema amashyamba, [[:en:Agricultural_expansion|kwagura ubuhinzi]], no [[:en:Urbanization|mumijyi]] . Kurimbuka kw'imiturire no gucikamo ibice birashobora kongera kwibasirwa n’ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi mu kugabanya umwanya n’umutungo bahabwa no kongera amakimbirane n’abantu. Byongeye kandi, gusenya no gucamo ibice bitera ahantu hato. Ahantu hatuwe hashyigikira abaturage bake, kandi abaturage bake barashobora kuzimira. <ref name=":22">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198783398</ref> == Kurenza urugero /Overexploitation == [[:en:Overexploitation|Gukabya gukabya]] ni ugusarura inyamaswa n'ibimera ku kigero cyihuta kuruta ubushobozi bwubwoko. Mugihe gikunze guhuzwa no [[:en:Overfishing|Kuroba]] cyane, kurenza urugero birashobora gukoreshwa mumatsinda menshi arimo inyamaswa z’inyamabere, inyoni, amphibian, ibikururuka hasi, n'ibimera. <ref>https://www.nwf.org/Home/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Threats-to-Wildlife/Overexploitation</ref> Akaga ko gukabya gukabije ni uko niba hafashwe abantu benshi cyane b'ubwoko, ubwo bwoko ntibushobora gukira. <ref>https://enviroliteracy.org/ecosystems/drivers-of-biodiversity-loss/overexploitation/</ref> Kurugero, kuroba cyane amafi yinyamaswa zo mu nyanja nka tuna na salmon mu kinyejana gishize byatumye igabanuka ry’amafi kimwe n’amafi. <ref name=":122">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> == Guhiga Inyamanswa == [[:en:Poaching|Guhiga]] [[:en:Wildlife_trading|ubucuruzi bw’inyamanswa]] butemewe n’iterabwoba rikomeye ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe, cyane cyane bugeramiwe n’imiterere yabyo ifite agaciro mu bukungu. <ref name=":0">https://www.fws.gov/international/travel-and-trade/illegal-wildlife-trade.html</ref> Ubwoko nk'ubwo burimo inyamabere nini nini nk'inzovu zo muri Afurika, ingwe, n'inkura. [yacuruzaga ku [[:en:Ivory_trade|matako]], uruhu, n'amahembe bikurikiranye]. <ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade</ref> Intego nke zizwi cyane zo guhiga zirimo gusarura ibihingwa bikingiwe ninyamaswa zo kwibuka, ibiryo, uruhu, amatungo, nibindi byinshi; Kuberako ba rushimusi bakunda kwibasira amoko yugarijwe kandi yangirika, guhiga bitera abaturage bake kugabanuka cyane. == Kwica Inyamaswa == Kwica ni ukwica nkana no guhitamo kwica inyamaswa za leta kubwimpamvu zitandukanye. Urugero rwibi ni ukwica inyoni, aho gahunda ya "control [[:en:Shark_culling|shark]] " muri [[:en:Queensland|Queensland]] na New South Wales (muri [[Ositaraliya]] ) yahitanye ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, hamwe [[:en:Turtle|n’inyenzi]], [[:en:Dolphin|dolphine]], [[:en:Whale|balale]], n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja . <ref name="afd_au">http://www.afd.org.au/news-articles/queenslands-shark-control-program-has-snagged-84000-animals</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181002102324/https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/shark-culling.html "Shark Culling". marineconservation.org.au. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved January 4, 2019.</ref> <ref>https://hsi.org.au/blog/2016/12/08/shark-nets-death-traps-for-marine-animals/ Morris, Jessica (December 8, 2016). "Shark Nets – Death Traps For Marine Animals". hsi.org.au. Retrieved January 4, 2019.</ref> Gahunda ya Queensland "shark control" yonyine yishe inyanja zigera ku 50.000 - yica kandi inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zirenga 84.000. <ref>https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/aussie-shark-population-is-staggering-decline/news-story/49e910c828b6e2b735d1c68e6b2c956e ''Aussie Shark Population In Staggering Decline.'' NewsComAu. 14 December 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</ref> <ref name="afd_au" /> Hariho kandi ingero z'abaturage bica muri Amerika, nka [[:en:Conservation_of_American_bison|bison muri Montana]] hamwe na swans, ingagi, n'impongo i New York n'ahandi. <ref>https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140305-culling-badgers-deer-bison-swans-ethics-conservation/</ref> <ref name="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693205/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693205</ref> == Umwuka mubi == Ubwoko butandukanye [[:en:Pollutant|bwanduye]] bugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwibinyabuzima. Kubintu bimwe bihumanya, guhura byoroshye [[Dosiye:Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico.jpg|alt=|thumb|275x275px|Kureba mu kirere BP Amazi ya Horizon yamenetse muri 2010.]] birahagije kugirango byangiritse (urugero: imiti yica udukoko). Kubandi, binyuze mu guhumeka (urugero: imyuka ihumanya ikirere) cyangwa kuyifata (urugero ibyuma byuburozi). Umwanda uhindura amoko atandukanye muburyo butandukanye kuburyo umwanda mubi kuri umwe ushobora kutagira ingaruka kubindi. * '''Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere''' : [[:en:Air_pollution|Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere]] bituruka ku gutwika ibicanwa n’ibisohoka mu nganda. Izi zigira ingaruka zitaziguye kandi zitaziguye ku buzima bwibinyabuzima ndetse nibidukikije. Kurugero, urugero rwinshi rwa okiside ya [[:en:Sulfur_oxide|sulfuru]] (SO _x ) irashobora kwangiza ibimera no guhagarika imikurire yabyo. <ref>https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics</ref> Okiside ya sulfure nayo igira uruhare mu mvura ya aside, ikangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo ku isi ndetse n’amazi. Ibindi bihumanya ikirere nka [[:en:Smog|umwotsi]], [[:en:Tropospheric_ozone|ozone yo ku butaka]], hamwe nuduce duto tugabanya ubwiza bwikirere. * '''Ibyuma biremereye''' : Ibyuma biremereye nka [[:en:Arsenic_poisoning|arsenic]], [[:en:Lead_poisoning|gurş]], na [[:en:Mercury_poisoning|mercure]] mubisanzwe bibaho kurwego rwo hasi mubidukikije, ariko iyo byinjijwe mukigero kinini, birashobora kwangiza ingingo na kanseri. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783764383398</ref> Ukuntu ari uburozi biterwa nicyuma nyacyo, ingano yatewe, ninyamaswa zayiriye. Ibikorwa byabantu nko gucukura, gushonga, gutwika ibicanwa, hamwe ninganda zitandukanye zagize uruhare mukuzamuka kwicyuma kiremereye mubidukikije. * '''Imiti yuburozi''' : Hariho amasoko menshi yanduza imiti yubumara harimo amazi mabi yinganda, isuka ryamavuta, hamwe nudukoko twangiza. Hano hari imiti myinshi yubumara kuburyo hariho ningaruka nyinshi zingaruka zubuzima. Kurugero, imiti yica udukoko hamwe nudukoko tumwe na tumwe twinganda ni [[:en:Special:BookSources/9783764383398|imyanda ihumanya]] . Ibyo bihumanya biramba kandi birashobora gutera kanseri, indwara zimyororokere, ibibazo byumubiri, nibibazo bya sisitemu. <ref>https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/pops/en/</ref> == Imihindagurikire y’ibihe/climate change == Abantu bafite uruhare runini mu [[:en:Climate_change|ihindagurika ry’ikirere]] muri iki gihe rihindura ibidukikije ku isi. Bifitanye isano na bimwe mubyavuzwe haruguru bibangamira inyamanswa nko [[:en:Habitat_destruction|gusenya aho gutura]] no guhumana. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe, gushonga urubura, guhindura imiterere yimvura, [[:en:Drought|amapfa akomeye]], [[:en:Heat_wave|imivumba]] ikunze kugaragara, ubukana bwumuyaga, hamwe n’inyanja izamuka ni zimwe mu ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>https://climate.nasa.gov/effects</ref> Fenomena nk'amapfa, ubushyuhe, umuyaga mwinshi, hamwe [[:en:Sea_level_rise|n'izamuka ry'inyanja]], biganisha ku gusenya aho gutuye. Hagati aho, ikirere gishyuha, imvura ihindagurika, n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bizagira ingaruka ku bwoko. Muri rusange, ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zongera ibibazo ku binyabuzima, kandi amoko adashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire yihuse azashira. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1200303</ref> Mu gihe imihindagurikire y’ikirere igezweho iterwa n’abantu, [[:en:Paleoclimatology|ibihe by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] byabayeho bisanzwe bituma abantu barimbuka. == Kubungabunga ubwoko Bwinyamanswa == [[Dosiye:Leatherback_Sea_Turtle_(17665415746).jpg|thumb|275x275px|Inyenzi zo mu nyanja ( ''Dermochelys coriacea'' )]] Bigereranijwe ko, kubera ibikorwa byabantu, ibipimo byokuzimangana kurubu bikubye inshuro 1000 kurenza igipimo cyo [[:en:Background_extinction_rate|kuzimangana (igipimo]] gisanzwe cyo kuzimangana kibaho nta ngaruka zindi). <ref>https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1246752</ref> Nk’uko [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN]] ibigaragaza, mu moko yose yasuzumwe, abarenga 27.000 bafite ibyago byo kuzimira kandi bagomba kubungabungwa. <ref name=":42">https://www.iucnredlist.org/en</ref> Muri byo, 25% ni inyamaswa z’inyamabere, 14% ni inyoni, naho 40% ni amphibian. <ref name=":42" /> Ariko, kubera ko amoko yose atigeze asuzumwa, iyo mibare irashobora kuba myinshi. Raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu mwaka wa 2019 isuzuma ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ku isi ikwirakwiza amakuru ya IUCN ku moko yose kandi igereranya ko miliyoni imwe ku isi ishobora kuzimira. <ref>https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report</ref> <ref>https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/spm_global_unedited_advance.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=35245</ref> Nyamara, kubera ko amikoro ari make, rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka guha amoko yose akeneye kubungabungwa neza. Guhitamo amoko yo kubungabunga ni umurimo wukuntu hafi yo kuzimangana ubwoko, niba ubwoko ari ingenzi kubinyabuzima butuyemo, nuburyo tubyitayeho.   == Kubungabunga ibidukikije /Habitat conservation == [[Dosiye:Red-cockaded_woodpecker_feeding_young_(5806270700).jpg|thumb|198x198px|Igiti gitukura ( ''Picoides borealis'' )]] [[:en:Habitat_conservation|Kubungabunga]] imiturire nigikorwa cyo kurinda aho gutura <ref>https://www.thesamajh.in/Protect_WildLife_The_Samajh.aspx</ref> hagamijwe kurinda amoko arimo. <ref name=":123">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Ibi rimwe na rimwe biba byiza kwibanda ku bwoko bumwe cyane cyane iyo ubwoko buvugwa bufite aho busaba cyane cyangwa bukaba butuye hamwe nandi moko menshi yangirika. Iyanyuma ikunze kugaragara kubinyabuzima bibera ahantu [[:en:Biodiversity_hotspot|hashyushye h’ibinyabuzima]], akaba ari uturere tw’isi dufite ubwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima byanduye (ubwoko butaboneka ahandi ku isi). <ref>https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35002501</ref> Byinshi muribi bishyushye biri mu turere dushyuha, cyane cyane amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha nka Amazone. Kubungabunga imiturire mubisanzwe bikorwa mugushira ahantu harinzwe nka parike yigihugu cyangwa ibidukikije. Nubwo mugihe agace kadakozwe muri parike cyangwa kubigenewe, birashobora gukurikiranwa no kubungabungwa. == Uburyo bwo kubungabunga == === Gukurikirana inyamaswa zo mu gasozi === [[Dosiye:Asiatic_Wild_Dogs_(44187676292).jpg|thumb|Gukurikirana idahwitse ya [[Dhole|dhole ningirakamaro]] mubumenyi kubijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi burakenewe mubutayu bwubushinwa.]] Gukurikirana ibinyabuzima by’inyamanswa nigice cyingenzi cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije kuko bituma abayobozi bakusanya amakuru ajyanye n’ibinyabuzima byugarije ndetse no gupima imikorere y’ingamba zo gucunga. Gukurikirana birashobora kuba hafi, uturere, cyangwa intera-mugari, kandi birashobora gushiramo umwe cyangwa benshi batandukanye. Ibipimo bikunze gukusanywa mugihe cyo gukurikirana harimo umubare wabaturage, ikwirakwizwa ry’akarere, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye, nubwo ibindi bipimo byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa. Uburyo bwo gukurikirana bushobora gushyirwa mubice nka "direct" cyangwa "indirect". Uburyo butaziguye bushingiye ku kubona cyangwa kumva inyamaswa mu buryo butaziguye, mu gihe uburyo butaziguye bushingira ku "bimenyetso" byerekana ko inyamaswa zihari. Ku binyabuzima byo ku isi, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukurikirana burimo kwitegereza bitaziguye, ibimenyetso-gufata, guhinduranya, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibihinduka. Uburyo butaziguye burimo sitasiyo, kubara fecal, kuvanaho ibiryo, gufungura cyangwa gufunga ibifungura-gufungura, kubara, kubara, amakarita ya knockdown, inzira ya shelegi, cyangwa kwitabira guhamagara amajwi. <ref>https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/37910/PDF</ref>For large, terrestrial vertebrates, a popular method is to use camera traps for population estimation along with mark-recapture techniques. This method has been used successfully with tigers, black bears and numerous other species.<ref>https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5436-5?noAccess=true</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.2192%2FURSU-D-16-00030.1</ref> [[:en:Remote_camera|Trail cameras]] can be triggered remotely and automatically via sound, infrared sensors, etc. [[:en:Computer_vision|Computer vision]]-based animal individual re-identification methods have been developed to automate such ''sight-resight'' calculations.<ref name="Schneider Taylor Kremer 2020 p.">https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fwacvw50321.2020.9096925</ref><ref name="Wang Ding Zhai Zhang 2021 pp. 1–1">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ITIP...30.2837W</ref> Mark-recapture methods are also used with genetic data from non-invasive hair or fecal samples.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232679082</ref> Such information can be analyzed independently or in conjunction with photographic methods to get a more complete picture of population viability. Referances <references /> [[Ikiciro:Engagment in CONSRVATION]] [[Ikiciro:Bioderversity]] mxb5rtna8n37iupqfq8zt8xbiar0hhw 14 10029 82042 2022-02-16T11:11:04Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Ishyirwa mubikorwa mukubungabunga" wikitext text/x-wiki Ishyirwa mubikorwa mukubungabunga 86hzubrd0ridgabhaw6sjvmx452tm5m 14 10031 82048 2022-02-16T12:30:33Z Ange Dusabe 9195 create a category wikitext text/x-wiki Umugore ni Umuntu wese ufite igitsina gore cg ushyirwa mu cyiciro cy'abari n'abategarugori. so5kv7n748cfnwanc1zitc5zai27rfo 14 10032 82049 2022-02-16T12:34:44Z Ange Dusabe 9195 Creating category wikitext text/x-wiki Ange Kagame na basaza be aribo Yvan Kagame, Ian Kagame n'abandi ni abana ba perezida [[Paul Kagame]] yabyaranye na [[Jeannette Kagame]], umukuru w'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]]. mez54vuyn2ia31k5dg26rekpp45i1yy 14 10033 82052 2022-02-16T12:48:54Z Ange Dusabe 9195 creating a category wikitext text/x-wiki Igifaransa ni Ururimi rwakomotse kumugabe w'uburayi rukunzwe gukoreshwa ahantu henshi kwisi gnzhixksyzr6lo3cme57b759s5ce065 0 10035 82058 82057 2022-02-16T16:14:41Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:APAG.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Gitwe ]] "Kaminuza ya gitwe" n'imwe muri kamunuza zo mu [[Rwanda]] zigisha ibyijyanye nu ubuvuzi ,uburezi n' ikoranabuhanga . == Amateka ya" kaminuza ya Gitwe ". == Kaminuza ya gitwe iherereye mu ntara y' amajyepfo mu karere ka Ruhango mu murenge wa Bweramana ikaba yaratangiye yitwaga "Association des Parents Adventiste de Gitwe "APAG mu magambo y igifaransa yatangiye gukora mu mwaka w'iguhumbi na amaganacyenda mirongo icyenda ni itatu (1993) izagufunga mu jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka w igihumbi na amaganacyenda mirongo icyenda ni ine (1994) . Nyuma ayaje gufungura imiryango nyuma ya jenoside ya korewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka w'igihumbi magana cyenda na mirongo icyenda n'irindwi (1997) aho yarifite amashami abiri icyo gihe.<ref>At a glance (uog.ac.rw)</ref> Mu mwaka wa bibiri na cumi ni icyenda ministeri y<ref>Minisiteri y’Uburezi yahagaritse amashami abiri yigisha ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Gitwe - IGIHE.com</ref>' ubureze yagaritse amwe mu<ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ifungwa-ry-amashami-y-ubuvuzi-i-gitwe-mineduc-ntikeneye-kugwiza-abaganga-b</ref> mashami ya kamunuza ya Gitwe <ref>Minisiteri y’Uburezi yahagaritse amashami abiri yigisha ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Gitwe - IGIHE.com</ref>.Kaminuza yagitwe ubu itanga amasomo atandukanye ku banyeshuri baybyifuza abanyamahanga cyangwa abanyarwanda <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/05/university-of-gitwe-to-reopen-as-soon-as-it-pays-salary-arrears/</ref>. == Amasomo . == Kaminuza ya gitwe itanga amasomo mu mashami atanu arimo iry’Uburezi, Ikoranabuhanga, Ubuforomo, ibijyanye na Laboratwari n’Ubuvuzi. ikaba itanga impamyabumyenyi zitandukanye harimo iyi cyiciriro cya mbere cya kaminuza <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/hec-allows-former-gitwe-students-to-join-other</ref>. == Ubuyobozi bwa" kaminuza ya Gitwe ". == Bwana Urayeneza Gérard ni we uhagaririye kaminuza ya Gitwe mu mategeko <ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/abayobozi-ba-kaminuza-ya-gitwe-bahuguriwe-kunoza-imiyoborere/</ref> ni itsinda rigari rya abandi bayobozi ba laminuza hamwe n inzego z'ubuyobozi z abanyeshuri. == Ibindi wa menya. == Kamunuza ya Gitwe ishingiye ku itorero ry ' abadivantisite b'umunsi wa karindwi<ref>https://uog.ac.rw/</ref>. == Amashakiro == nqoaj1c8fynul8sb3rcbb1o8ke3raq7 0 10036 82143 82094 2022-02-23T20:39:51Z Divine2004 10613 Dr Valentine wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. Valentine UWAMARIYA waginzwe Minisitiri w'uburezi, yarasanzwe arumuyobozi [[Dosiye:Dr. Valentine Uwamariya.jpg|thumb|Dr Valentine Uwamariya]] w'ungirije wa Rwanda poyltechinc [RP], ushinzwe amahugurwa n'iterambere ry'ikigo n'ubushakashatsi.<ref>/politiki/amakuru/article/menya-abayobozi-bashya-bashyizwe-mu-myanya-na-perezida-kagame</ref> == Ubuzima bwahambere == Valentine Uwamariya yavutse ku ya 14 Gicurasi 1971 mu Murenge wa Shangi mu Karere ka Nyamasheke.Mbere yo gushyirwaho, yakoraga nka Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe amahugurwa, iterambere ry’inzego n’ubushakashatsi muri Rwanda Polytechnic (RP) aho yari ashinzwe gutanga ubumenyi bwa tekinoloji n’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku buhanga n’imyuga ifasha abagenerwabikorwa kwihangira imirimo ku giti cyabo. iterambere.<ref>https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/about</ref> Yabaye kandi Umuyobozi w'Ishuri ry'ubumenyi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (Kaminuza y'u Rwanda) mbere yo kwinjira mu Rwanda Polytechnic.<ref>https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/about</ref> == Umwuga == Dr Valentine afite impamyabumenyi ya B.Sc. muri UBUTABIRE kuva muri kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda (NUR). <ref>https://www.un-ihe.org/news/alumna-dr-valentine-uwamariya-appointed-minister-education-rwanda</ref>Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Msc mu BUTABIRE yakuye muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand (Johannesburg-Afurika y'Epfo) mu 2005. Mu 2013, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD muri UNESCO-IHE na Delft University of Technology (Ubuholandi) mu bumenyi bw'amazi n'ikoranabuhanga mu bidukikije. <ref>https://mineduc.prod.risa.rw/news-detail/handover-between-incoming-ministers-and-the-outgoing-minister-of-education</ref>Dr Valentine amaze imyaka 19 agira uruhare mu kwigisha / ubushakashatsi muri kaminuza; agace ke k'ubushakashatsi yibanze cyane kubibazo bijyanye n'amazi meza.yasohotse mubinyamakuru byinshi murungano rwasuzumye ibinyamakuru kandi yitabira inama zigihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Yakoze izindi nshingano zingenzi muri societe yu Rwanda, yicara ku Nama y’ibigo byaho; kandi ni umunyamuryango w’amashyirahamwe y’ibanze n’amahanga.<ref>phd1_10864 (1).pdf</ref> === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Education]] 46lrt1qd4rworw5wtptz5ozahd3nc7a 0 10037 82095 2022-02-19T12:19:43Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "'''Kigali International Community School''' (KICS) ni ishuri rya gikirisitu, ridaharanira inyungu, ryashinzwe mu 2006, ritanga gahunda yuburezi kuva PreK kugeza mu cyiciro cya 12. KICS iha abana b'ingeri zose uburezi busa n'ubwo butangwa n'amashuri yo muri Amerika. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110825012148/http://www.theeye.co.rw/kigali_international_community_school.php</ref>. KICS ikorera abanyeshuri barenga 300 baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye 27 kandi ni umushi..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kigali International Community School''' (KICS) ni ishuri rya gikirisitu, ridaharanira inyungu, ryashinzwe mu 2006, ritanga gahunda yuburezi kuva PreK kugeza mu cyiciro cya 12. KICS iha abana b'ingeri zose uburezi busa n'ubwo butangwa n'amashuri yo muri Amerika. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110825012148/http://www.theeye.co.rw/kigali_international_community_school.php</ref>. KICS ikorera abanyeshuri barenga 300 baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye 27 kandi ni umushinga wa US 501 (c) Abafatanyabikorwa ba ROC.<ref>http://www.kicsrw.org</ref> KICS yakiriye impamyabumenyi ebyiri muri 2012. rimwe ryaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’ishuri rya gikirisitu mpuzamahanga (ACSI) naho irya kabiri ryaturutse mu bihugu byo hagati byo muri za kaminuza zo hagati n'amashuri makuru (MSA).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131212094847/http://focus.rw/wp/2012/11/kics-gets-two-international-accreditation/</ref>Ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Kigali riherereye ahitwa Caisse Sociale Estates, Gaculiro, BP 6558, Kigali, Rwanda. Yabaye [[:en:Association_of_Christian_Schools_International|Ishyirahamwe ryAmashuri ya Gikristo]] Umunyamuryango Mpuzamahanga ukomeje kuva 2007.<ref>http://www.acsi.org/www.acsi.org/FooterLinks/MemberDirectory/tabid/577/Default.aspx</ref> == AMATEKA YA KICS == '''Kigali International Community School'''(KICS) cyatangiye mu Gushyingo 2005 mugihe imiryango ya gikirisitu iba mu mahanga yateraniye hamwe kugirango ishakishe abana babo ibyo bakeneye. Mugihe iyi miryango yasengaga kandi igategura icyerekezo cyakozwe hashingiwe kumahame yingenzi yishuri ryisumbuye ryicyongereza ukoresheje integanyanyigisho zabanyamerika hamwe na filozofiya ya gikristo itandukanye. KICS yashinzwe mbere na mbere kugirango ihuze imiryango y'abamisiyoneri b'ivugabutumwa hamwe n'abakozi ba gikirisitu bahuza imico. Abashinze KICS batekereje ko mbere na mbere ari minisiteri yo gufasha iyi miryango ifite abana byoroshye cyane ko amaherezo basubira mumashuri yo muri Amerika. Mugihe KICS ikomeje gushyira imbere abana b'abamisiyoneri hamwe nabakristu baba hanze ikorera mumuryango utandukanye. <ref>https://careers.acsi.org/profile/kigali-international-community-school/775709/</ref> Muri Mutarama 2006, iyi miryango yatangiye amatsinda menshi yamakoperative yo murugo. Muri Nzeri 2006, ayo matsinda yinjiye mu cyumba cy’ibyumba bine by’ibiribwa by’inzara mpuzamahanga (FHI) i Kacyiru. Abagize akanama gashinzwe muri KICS bakoranaga n’imiryango ikurikira: Itorero rya Kristo mu [[Rwanda]] (CCR), World Relief, Bank Opportunity Bank, Food for the Hungry International (FHI), Compassion International, n'umushinga uterwa inkunga na USAID.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali_International_Community_School] Mu Gushyingo 2006, Rwanda Outreach Community Partners (ROC) yashinzwe nka 501c3 muri leta ya Oklahoma kugura ishuri na salle ya Caisse Sociale biherereye mu isambu ya Vision 2020 ya Gaculiro mu izina rya kiliziya ya Kristo mu Rwanda (CCR). Umutungo waguzwe muri Gashyantare 2007. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali_International_Community_School] Abafatanyabikorwa ba ROC batumiye KICS kwimukira mumitungo yishuri muri Mata 2007 nkumufatanyabikorwa mubyigisho bya gikristo hamwe na ROC na CCR. Kugirango KICS ibashe kubaho neza mubukungu Ibiryo byinzara mpuzamahanga byimuye ibiro byabo mumitungo ya ROC bikomeza kugeza muri Kanama 2008. Ishoramari rya FHI na ROC ryashoboje KICS gukomeza kubaho muminsi yambere yayo kuko yimukiye mubidukikije bishya hamwe na patronage ikura. Abarimu babanje kuza mugihe abakorerabushake boherejwe muri KICS bahereye kubiryo byinzara, ubutabazi bwisi, nitorero rya Kristo mu Rwanda.Nkuko Kigali yiboneye iterambere ryihuse ryabakozi baba hanze bakeneye ishuri ryujuje ubuziranenge ryiyongereye kandi habaho iyerekwa rivuguruzanya kuri KICS bigatuma intangiriro yinzibacyuho itangira. Iyerekwa rivuguruzanya amaherezo ryatumye imyitwarire ya gikristo ihamye kandi yongera kwiyemeza gukorera abamisiyoneri hamwe n’abakozi bakorera mu mico itandukanye mu gihe twubaha igihugu cyacu cyakira igice kinini cy’abiyandikisha bajya mu miryango y'igihugu.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali_International_Community_School] Muri Nzeri 2009 Abafatanyabikorwa ba ROC babaye nyiri ikigo cya KICS. Uku guhuza imitungo no gutunga ibigo byashimangiye umwanya wa KICS nkikigo cyemewe imbere yigihugu cya KICS. Icyerekezo cyo gushinga KICS nacyo cyashimangiwe na Memorandum yongeye kumvikana na Afrika Inland Mission (AIM), hamwe no guhuza icyahoze ari ishuri ry’abamisiyonari, ishuri rya Jungle, hamwe na KICS. Ubufatanye bwa AIM hamwe n’ishuri rya Jungle / KICS ni kwerekana filozofiya yubumwe nubufatanye mubakristu bakorera mu Rwanda. Muri Kanama 2010 KICS yatangiye kwiyigisha ubwemerera ACSI / MSA yatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama 2012. Mubice byibyo bikorwa KICS yarangije kubaka ikigo cyitangazamakuru / Isomero na Laboratoire yubumenyi muri Nyakanga 2012. Iki cyari icyiciro cya II cya gahunda yiterambere ryibyiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya I cyarangiye mu mpeshyi ya 2010 na 2011 binyuze muguhindura inyubako yibanze. Icyiciro cya gatatu cyari giteganijwe gukenera ibikoresho nubwo bidasobanuwe neza muriki gihe.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali_International_Community_School] Muri 2013 KICS yubatse ikibuga cyuzuye cya basketball itanga amahirwe yo gutanga basketball na volleyball hiyongereyeho gahunda yumupira wamaguru uzwi cyane.Muri 2015 KICS yagiriye uruzinduko rwigihe gito hamwe na raporo nziza yatanzwe n’ibigo byemewe bitewe no kuba mbere yigihe giteganijwe muri gahunda yo Kuzamura Amashuri KICS. Hamwe na KICS yiterambere ryinzego ninyigisho byiteguye kurangiza impamyabumenyi yambere yimyaka 7 n'amanota menshi nkuko bitangira ejo hazaz<ref>http://www.acsi.org/www.acsi.org/FooterLinks/MemberDirectory/tabid/577/Default.aspx</ref> Muri 2016 KICS yatangiye icyerekezo cyayo cyo kwagura igishoro kurubu kandi yubaka inyubako nshya y’ishuri ifatanije no kongeramo PK yabanyeshuri muri KG na G7. Iri terambere ryerekana gahunda za KICS zo gukomeza gukura niterambere bizagira ingaruka kubisekuru. === Aho Ihereye === https://maps.wikimedia.org/v4/marker/pin-m-school+5E74F3.png === Referances === 6ps16zo58fmj7fv90vb1yara84vs1q4 0 10038 82097 82096 2022-02-19T12:51:26Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki International School of Kigali (ISKR) ni ishuri ryigenga, rifatanije, [[:en:English-medium_education|icyongereza]]-giciriritse K - 12 i Kigali, umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. Iri [[Dosiye:Iskfacilities.jpg|thumb|Location :Kigali, Rwanda]] shuri ryashinzwe mu 2009. Muri Nzeri 2021, ishuri ryimukiye mu kigo gishya i Kigabagaba, ikigo gishya gitanga umwanya munini ku bana<ref>https://www.iskr.org/community</ref> == Inyigisho na Masomo bitangwa muri ISKR == ISKR itanga integanyanyigisho mpuzamahanga zishingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya AERO n'ibipimo bihuriweho na Common Core muri Amerika.Kubanyeshuri bo mumashuri yisumbuye, ISKR itanga kandi amasomo ya AP mubyiciro byose hiyongereyeho gahunda ya Advanced Placement (AP).<ref>https://www.state.gov/international-school-of-kigali-rwanda-fact-sheet/</ref> Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye yibanda kubibazo, umushinga / uburyo bushingiye kubibazo byo kwiga. Mubyongeyeho, abanyeshuri bose bari mumwanya wo kwiga bashimangira guhanga ibigisha gutekereza cyane , itumanaho nubuhanga bwo gufatanya. Abanyeshuri bose bafite kandi amahirwe menshi yo gutoranya gakondo nkigifaransa, ubuhanzi, ikinamico, hamwe nubumenyi bwumubiri hamwe numwanya wo kwiga uburyo bwo gutekereza kubishushanyo mbonera mugace kacu dukoresheje printer ya 3D nibindi bikoresho byo mukinyejana cya 21.<ref>https://2009-2017.state.gov/m/a/os/219611.htm</ref> == Abarezi == Mu mwaka w'amashuri 2021-2022, ISKR ifite abakozi 50 bose barimo abarimu 34. Abigisha mpuzamahanga bose bemewe, kandi abafasha bose bigisha bafite impamyabumenyi muburezi.<ref>http://www.kicsrw.org/</ref> == Kwiyandikisha == Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka w'amashuri wa 2021-2022, abiyandikishije bari 165 (K-5: 79, 6-8: 49, 9-12: 37, 37 bahagarariye ibihugu 37). === Location === Iri shuri riherereye i Nyarutarama, hamwe muduce dutuwe cyane na Kigali. Ikigo gikuru kirimo amazu abiri yegeranye, hamwe nikibuga cyo gukiniramo, ikibuga gito cyumupira wamaguru, hamwe na basketball. Ikigo cya kabiri, ikigo cyacu cyisumbuye, giherereye nko muri metero 400 kumuhanda umwe. Ishuri rifite umurongo wihariye wa enterineti kandi uhujwe rwose.<ref>https://www.state.gov/international-school-of-kigali-rwanda-fact-sheet/</ref> === Referances === 0qosjx450mrdzzzhx2wd774f9amp288 0 10039 82098 2022-02-19T13:35:38Z Divine2004 10613 nick wikitext text/x-wiki Ndayizera emmanuel ni umwe mubakinnyi ba filime ba maze kwigarurira imitima y'abakunzi ba sinema nyarwanda kubera filime y'uruhererekane ya City Maid Aho akinamo yitwa[ Nick],akaba arinaryo zina ubu abantu benshi basigaye bamwita. Emmanuel uretse ibya filime ni numuhanzi .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71825/ndayizeye-emmanuel-71825.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == emmanuel mu buzima bwe akirumwana niyigeze akunda gukina ikinamico,gusa yakundaga kureba filime cyane,ndetse rimwe na rimwe ababyeyi be bakabimukubitira. Nick numugabo wubatse afite umugore umwe ,nu mwana umwe.gusa akenshi akunda gukina aru musore.<ref>w/11084/comment.html</ref> Ndayizeye nu mwe mubagize itorero Intayoberana ribyina gakondo akaba ari nu muyobozi wungirije akaba ari nu mutoza w'iritorero. == Imirimo ya koze[Emper woment] == Yatagiye gukina filime mu mwaka 2014,ahoyakinaga muri filime <nowiki>''Birakaze''</nowiki> yanditswe na mushikiwe ,gusa yagiye kubwa gahato kuko atari yarigeze atekere gukina filime.<ref>inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71825/ndayizeye-emmanuel-71825.html</ref> kugeza ubu emmanuel amaze gukina filime zigera 10 arizo Birakaze yatangiriyeho,Igikomere,Giramata,Ingurane y'ubusugi,Impeta yanjye,mukeragati,na City maid arinayo yatumye amenyekana Avugako muri filime yakinnye zose Igikomere ariyo filime akunda kandi ahoza kumutima kuko niyo filime yarakinnye bwambere ariyo yarakinnye arumukinnyi wibanze akanayikina neza birenze uko yabitekerezaga. <ref>/Menya--byinshi-kuri-Ndayizeye-Emmanuel-ukina-ari-Nick-muri-City-Maid</ref> == Ibihembo ya hataniye == Ndayizeye emmanuel yahataniye igihembo cy'u mukinnyi wa filime wakunzwe mu mwaka wa 2016.<ref>/Menya--byinshi-kuri-Ndayizeye-Emmanuel-ukina-ari-Nick-muri-City-Maid</ref> Arogera ahayanira igihembo cy'a Rwanda Movie Award mu mwaka wa2015. == Reba == btlwsc8apyx1dzbl6hett0p5stasqrd 0 10040 82974 82972 2022-05-05T22:35:58Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyana Shanitah ni umunyarwandakazi witabiriye amarushanwa ya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda]] cyangwa umukobwa uhiga abandi mubwiza no m'ubwenge mu [[Rwanda]] nubwo ataryegukanye ariko ntago byamubujuje kwegukana irushanwa ry'umukobwa wahize abandi muri [[East African Christian College|East Africa]] bwambere mumateka iri rushanwa ryari ribaye. rikabera mugihugu cyabaturanyi cya [[Tanzaniya]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/what-you-need-know-about-miss-east-africa-2021</ref> == Miss Umunyana Shsnitah ==[[File:Miss Rwanda with young performer (21005688773).jpg|thumb|Miss Rwanda with young performer (21005688773)]] Umunyana Shanitah ni umukowa wari uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu irushanwa rya [[East African Christian College|Miss East Africa]] ryaberaga muri [[Tanzaniya]] akaba ari nawe<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112908/umunyana-shanitah-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-east-africa-2021-amafoto-112908.html</ref> wegukanye [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)|ikamba]] rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Suprenational]] 2019 mu gihugu cye cy'u Rwanda sibyo gusa kuko yagiye yitabira amarushanwa yubwiza menshi atandukanye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yarwo kugeza nubwo ariwe watwaye ikamba rya [[East African Christian College|Miss East Africa]] 2021 bwambere ubwo yahatanaga nabandi bakobwa nabo bahagarariye ibihugu byabo.<ref>https://taarifa.rw/rwandan-crowned-miss-east-africa-2021/</ref> == Akamaro (Empowerment) == Ubusanzwe [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Irushanwa rya Nyampinga]] ni Irushanwa ryitabirwa nu mukobwa uhiga abandi mu bwiza [[Umuco nyarwanda|mu mico]] no mumyitwarire<ref>https://taarifa.rw/rwandan-crowned-miss-east-africa-2021/</ref> bavuga ko kandi ari irushanwa ritera abana babakobwa ikizere kwisobanukirwa ndetse no gutinyuka bakanagaragaza imishinga yabo itandukanye maze igaterwa inkunga nababifite munshingano ni irushanwa kandi ritinyura abana babakobwa mukuvuga ndetse no gukora ndetse no kongerera ubushobozi abagore binyuze binyuze mubuhanga bwimibereho ndetse no kwihangira imirimo == Ubwitabire == [[Miss East Africa]] ni irushanwa ryitabiriwe nibihugu bigera kuri 16 byo mu karere ndetse nibindi birimo nka<ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/sport/16-countries-set-2021-miss-east-africa-pageant%C2%A0%C2%A0%C2%A0</ref> [[Tanzaniya|Tanzaniya,]] [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], Malawi, [[Kenya]], Djibut, Eritrea, Comors Sauth sudan, Ethiopie, Reunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, [[Madagasikari|Madagascar]], == Ibihembo == Umunyana Shanitah watwaye ikamba rya [[East African Christian College|Miss East Afrika]] yahawe imodoka yo mubwoko bwa Nissan x trail ihagaze akayabo <ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/queen-mugesi-to-represent-tanzania-in-miss-east-africa-2021--3623594</ref> ki ibihumbi 44$ byamadorari bingana na Million 44 z'amafaranga yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse akazajya ahembwa akayabo kamadorari 1500$ buri kwezi ahwanye na million imwe nigice y'amafaranga yu [[Rwanda]] ndetse nibindi, naho uwabaye [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Igisonga cyambere]] agahabwa akayabo kamadorari ibihumbi 5000$ naho [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Igisonga cya kabiri]] kigahabwa akayabo kangana namadorari 3000$.<ref>https://www.exposeduganda.com/miss-rwanda-umunyana-is-reigning-miss-east-africa-2021/</ref> == Agashya muri Miss East Africa 2021 == Ibi birori byakataraboneka byabereye mu Igihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] ahitwa [[Tanzaniya|Milimani City]] ku itariki ya 24 Ukuboza 2021<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202111190104.html</ref> byari ibirori byitabiriwe nabatari bake mu karere cyane ko byanyuze kunsakaza mashusho imwe yo muri [[Tanzaniya]] izwi cyane nka [[Tanzaniya|WASAFI TV]] bivugwa ko ari iy'icyamamare Diamond Platnumz byari ibirori kandi byaririmbyemo Abahanzi batandukanye bafite izina nka [[Tanzaniya|Mbosso]] nabandi. Ikindi cyatangaje abatari bake nuburyo uwari umusangiza wamagambo yahamagaye cyangwa se yatangaje uwari wegukanye Ikamba ubwo yavugaga ati Nyampinga wa East Africa ni uwo mugihugu cya [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida Kagame]] Shanitah Umunyana.<ref>https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/rwandas-umunyana-crowned-miss-east-africa-2021</ref> == Imyaka ye == Umunyana shanitah wegiye yegukana amakamba y'ubwiza menshi mu [[Rwanda]] nka Miss Supernational <ref>https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/culture-and-art/rwandas-umunyana-crowned-miss-east-africa-2021</ref> muri 2019 mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri 2018 nabwo yegukanye Ikamba ryi Igisonga cyambere mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] muri 2021 nibwo byari ibicika ubwo yegukanaga Ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|miss East Africa]] kumyaka ye 22 yamavuko. == Ibyavuzwe == [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga umunyana Shanitah]] mumwaka wa 2019 ubwo yari yitabiriye irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] uhiga abandi mubwiza ni umwe mubakobwa bavuzweho byinshi mu [[Rwanda]] muri icyo gihe kuko hari amakuru yavugwaga ko yahanuriwe numwe mubavugabutumwa bari bafite izina rizwi i [[Kigali]] uzwi nka Pasiteri Rugajyi ko azaba nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] muri icyogihe nubwo atariko byagenze ariko ubuhanuzi bwa Rugajyi bwarangiye busohoye Shanitah yitabira irushanwa rya miss [[East African Christian College|EAST AFRICA]] mu mwaka wa 2021 birangira abaye umukobwa uhize abandi araryegukana. == Reba amakuru == d1t3o72vdt4qkif5m80q18e5i3kki44 0 10041 82109 82108 2022-02-21T14:25:08Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uburezi bw'umugore''' ni ijambo rifatika ry'ibibazo byinshi n'impaka zijyanye n'uburezi ( [[:en:Primary_education|amashuri abanza]], [[:en:Secondary_education|amashuri yisumbuye]], [[:en:Health_education|amashuri makuru]], ndetse n'ubuzima bw'umwihariko) ku bakobwa n'abagore. Bikunze kwitwa '''uburere bwabakobwa cyangwa uburere''' '''bwumugore.''' Harimo ibice [[:en:Gender_equality|byuburinganire]] no kugera ku burezi. Uburezi bw'abagore n'abakobwa ni isano ikomeye yo kurwanya ubukene. Ingingo nini zifitanye isano zirimo [[:en:Religious_education|kwigisha igitsina kimwe nuburere]] [[:en:Religious_education|bw’amadini]] kubagore, aho uburezi bugabanijwemo uburinganire. Ubusumbane mu burezi bw’abakobwa n’abagore buragoye: abagore n’abakobwa bahura n’inzitizi zitagaragara zo kwinjira mu ishuri, urugero, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore cyangwa kubuza abakobwa kujya ku ishuri, mu gihe ibindi bibazo biri kuri gahunda kandi bitagaragara neza, urugero, [[:en:Female_education_in_STEM|siyanse, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi n imibare (STEM)]] uburezi butandukanye bushinze imizi, ndetse no muburayi no muri Amerika ya ruguru. <ref name=":8">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335</ref> Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’iburengerazuba, abagore barenze abagabo mu nzego nyinshi z’uburezi. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika muri 2005/2006, abategarugori babonye 62% byimpamyabumenyi, 58% byimpamyabumenyi, 60% byimpamyabumenyi, na 50% bya dogiteri.<ref>http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_178.asp</ref> == Ibibazo muburezi == === Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore === Muri Pakisitani, habonetse umubano mubi hagati yurwego rusanzwe rwuburezi umugore ageraho ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa uwo mugore (Nyuma, 2013). Umushakashatsi yakoresheje urubura rworoshye, uburyo bwo gutoranya aho abitabiriye. Ibibazo byimyitwarire nibanga byatumye ubu buryo bworoshye. Uwatanze amakuru yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya amakuru hanyuma agenzurwa. Icyitegererezo cy’abakorewe ihohoterwa cyari kigizwe n’abagore bubatse kuva ku myaka 18-60 haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi. Ubushakashatsi bwasobanuye uburyo butandukanye bwihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri risanzwe rihari kandi ritanga igitekerezo cy’ibyo abagore banyuramo, ndetse no mu baturage (icyaro n’umujyi). Uburezi muri ubu bushakashatsi bwashimangiwe ko ari igisubizo kandi gikenewe mu gukuraho ihohoterwa. Ikiganiro cyimbogamizi za politiki n’imibereho kirakenewe. <ref>https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F188100</ref>Umubano uragoye cyane kuruta uko bigaragara, abagore barashobora kutamenya gusoma no kwandika ariko bagakomeza imbaraga (Marrs Fuchsel, 2014). Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) bagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwujuje ibyiciro 8 kugeza ku 10 bitabiriye amahugurwa, kandi barangiza gahunda y'ibyumweru 11 bishingiye ku kwihesha agaciro, kumenyekanisha ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, n'imibanire myiza. Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) nitsinda ryibasiwe cyane n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Nubwo iyi gahunda yabereye hanze yishuri gakondo, ibiganiro, gutekereza kunegura, no kumererwa neza mumarangamutima byarashimangiwe, ahantu hagomba kuboneka mugihe mwishuri. Ubwanyuma, nubwo benshi mubagore batazi gusoma no kwandika baracyashoboye kuvamo bafite imbaraga zo kugenzura ubuzima bwabo, ubuhanga bwubuzima. <ref>https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1064075</ref> === Ubushobozi bw'umugore === Sisitemu yuburezi iratandukanye mubuyobozi, integanyanyigisho n'abakozi, ariko byose bigira ingaruka kubanyeshuri bakorera. Nkuko abagore babonye uburenganzira, uburezi busanzwe bwabaye ikimenyetso cyiterambere nintambwe igana ku buringanire. Kugirango uburinganire nyabwo bubeho, hagomba gufatwa inzira yuzuye. Ikiganiro cyimbaraga zumukobwa nuburere bwumugore nkigisubizo cyo gukuraho ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore no guterwa nubukungu kubagabo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufata umwanya munini bikavamo guhagarika kumva uburyo imiterere, amateka nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kubagore (Khoja-Moolji, 2015). Kurugero, mugihe umunyamabanga wa leta wahozeho, [[:en:Hillary_Clinton|Hillary Clinton]], yavuze ku byago bya [[:en:Malala_Yousafzai|Malala Yousafzai]] muri Pakisitani ndetse n’abakobwa bashimuse i Chibok, muri Nijeriya nk’ikigereranyo, bakoresheje uburezi bw’abakobwa nkibibandwaho, amateka n’imiterere. Icyatumye iraswa rya Malala ryagabanutse kuba gusa yiyigisha nk'umukobwa. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika kwivanga, ubukene, na ruswa na guverinoma ntibyakemuwe. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15595692.2015.1010640</ref> Sisitemu yuburezi hamwe n’ishuri bigira uruhare runini mu kumenya inyungu z’abakobwa mu masomo atandukanye, harimo n’amasomo yimibare ubutabire na tekinologi , ashobora kugira uruhare mu kongerera ubushobozi abagore mu gutanga amahirwe angana yo kubona no kungukirwa n’uburezi bufite ireme. <ref name=":82">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335</ref> == Ubwoko bwihariye bwuburezi == === Kwigisha ikoranabuhanga === [[Dosiye:Figure 4 Progress towards gender parity Reading the past writing the future.svg|thumb|Ibipimo by'uburinganire mu bipimo byo gusoma no kwandika mu karere, 1990–2015. Iterambere ryerekeranye n'uburinganire mu gusoma no kwandika ryatangiye nyuma ya 1990.]] Ikwirakwizwa rya [[:en:Technology|tekinoloji]] ya sisitemu na serivisi za digitale byatumye ubumenyi bwa digitale busabwa kugira uruhare rugaragara muri [[:en:Society|sosiyete]] . Uyu munsi, kudashobora kuyobora [[:en:Internet|interineti]] bitera ingaruka. Mugihe izo mbogamizi zigeze kuba zimwe mubihugu bikize, ubu zifite akamaro [[:en:Globalization|kwisi yose]], kubera ikwirakwizwa ryihuse kandi rikomeje kwikoranabuhanga rya enterineti. <ref name=":9">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref>Guha ibikoresho [[:en:Woman|abategarugori]] [[:en:Health|nabakobwa]] bafite ubumenyi bwa digitale bifasha kubashyira muburyo bungana nabagabo bazi imibare, kandi bikingura amahirwe atabarika yo kongera ibigo no guhitamo. [[:en:Health|Urubuga]] hamwe na porogaramu zigendanwa [[Ubuzima|kubuzima]] [[:en:Natural_rights_and_legal_rights|nuburenganzira bwemewe]], kurugero, birashobora gufasha abagore gufata ibyemezo byokwirinda no kwita kuri bo ubwabo nimiryango yabo, mugihe imbuga nkoranyambaga hamwe [[:en:Digital_communications|n’itumanaho rya digitale]] bituma abagore bakwirakwiza amakuru kandi bagasangira ubumenyi burenze aho batuye.<ref name=":92">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref> Amahirwe yo [[:en:M-learning|kwiga]] kuri interinet , kuva kuri porogaramu yo [[:en:Literacy|gusoma no kwandika]] kugeza kumurongo wa interineti ( [[:en:MOOCs|MOOCs]] ) kubyerekeye amasomo atandukanye nka [[:en:Astronomy|astronomie]] no kwita kuri bene wabo bakuze bafite ikibazo cyo guta umutwe, birashobora gufungura inzira nshya yuburezi, cyane cyane kubakobwa batiga ndetse nabagore bakuze. <ref>https://www.wired.com/2015/10/why-siri-cortana-voice-interfaces-sound-female-sexism/</ref> Imashini zishakisha akazi hamwe nu mbuga za interineti zumwuga zituma abagore bahatanira [[:en:E-commerce|isoko ryumurimo]], mugihe [[:en:Income|e-ubucuruzi]] hamwe na serivise za banki zikoreshwa muburyo bwa banki birashobora kubafasha kongera [[:en:Income|ubwigenge]] no kwigenga. <ref name=":93">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref> == Uburezikubabana Nubumuga == Uburezi ku bagore bamugaye nabwo bwateye imbere. Muri 2011, Giusi Spagnolo abaye umugore wa mbere urwaye Syndrome ya Down yarangije kaminuza i Burayi (yarangije muri kaminuza ya Palermo mu Butaliyani). <ref>https://www.lastampa.it/2011/03/22/italia/a-palermo-la-favola-della-down-diventata-dottoressa-RK1UzN9gPjq5siRois5ApO/pagina.html</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130925122858/http://www.lottimista.com/2011/04/18/giusi-spagnolo-la-prima-laureata-down-d%E2%80%99italia/</ref> Referances <references /> [[Ikiciro:Education]] ngnz2n4een6m5b5n5zc6wi4f1ue9mn8 0 10042 82243 82230 2022-03-08T08:49:57Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 create page wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teta Diana''' ni umuhanzi w' umunyarwandakazi akaba aririmba injyana ya fusion of folk, jazz ndetse na Afro-pop. Teta Diana kandi akaba azwiho kwandika indirimbo.<ref>[https://www.tetadiana.com/welcome#:~:text=Rwandan%20singer%20and%20music%20composer,%2C%20jazz%20and%20Afro%2Dpop. https://www.tetadiana.com/welcome#:~:text=Rwandan%20singer%20and%20music%20composer,%2C%20jazz%20and%20Afro%2Dpop.]</ref> == '''Amateka ye''' == Teta Diana yavutse taliki 05 Gicurasi 1992, yavukiye mu gihugu cya [[Kenya]] avukira mumuryango w' abana babiri. Teta Diana ntiyagize amahirwe yo kuba agifite ababyeyi be bombi, Nyina umubyara yapfuye akiri muto naho se witwaga Frazier Birangwa we yatabarutse mu mwaka wa 2006.<ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/68175/teta-diana-68175.html https://inyarwanda.chttps://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/68175/teta-diana-68175.htmlom/inkuru/68175/teta-diana-68175.html]</ref> nyuma yo kubura nyina umubyara akiri muto cyane kuburyo atigeze anabasha kumumenya, Teta Diana yarezwe na se we yarasigaranye. Teta Diane akoresha ndetse anavuga indimi 3 arizo ikinyarwanda, Igiswayili ndetse n' Icyongereza.<ref>https://www.tetadiana.com/welcome</ref> Impano ya Teta Diana yo gukunda umuziki yatangiye kugaragara igihe yari afite imyaka cumi n' umwe(11), umurimo we wo kuririmba watangiye mu mwaka wa 2009 ubwo yagaragaye mumarushanwa yari yatewe na German Group aho Teta diane yagaragaye mumyanya itatu yambere. <ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/diana-teta</ref> == '''Ibikorwa bye''' == Teta Diana kubwo kwimenyaho impano yo kuririmba yatangiye kwitabira ibikorwa bitandukanye, mu mwaka wa 2009 yatangiye kwitabira amarushanwa yaberaga i [[Nyamirambo]] yo gushakisha impano mubakiri bato yitwaga talent detection. yakomeje mu mwaka wa 2011 aho Teta Diana yakoranye indirimbo na Uncle Austin yitwaga "ndagukunda nzapfa ejo" aho Uncle Austin yateraga Teta Diana akamwikiriza, iyi ndirimbo ikaba izwiho kuba yaramamaye cyane muri icyo gihe. Mu mwaka wa 2012 Teta Diana yitabiriye irushanwa rya tusker project fame ryaberaga mugihugu cya [[Kenya]], nubwo atabshije kugera kure mumarushanwa gusa yagaragaje ubutwari no kudacika intege ndetse akaba yari afite intego mumuziki we. kuwa 08 Werurwe 2022 Teta Diana yateguye igitaramo kibera munyubako ya Centre Culturel Francophone aho iyi taliki ngaruka mwaka ibaho kurwego mpuzamahanga mukwizihiza abagore, Teta Diane akaba yarifuje gutaramira abakunzi be kuri uwo munsi udasanzwe nawe yifatanya nabo mukwizihiza umunsi w' abagore.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/umuziki/article/teta-diana-yaje-gutaramira-i-kigali-k-umunsi-mpuzamahanga-w-abagore</ref> == '''Ihangano bya Teta Diana''' == Teta Diane yagiye ashyira ahagaragara ibihangano bye bitandukanye harimo gusohora album zitandukanye, zimwe mu ndirimbo yagiye asohora hakubeyemo izi zikurikira: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Indirimbo !Umwaka yakorewemo !Aho wayisanga |- |Umugwegwe |2021 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yY-49GLXAbM] |- |Undi munsi |2021 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qG9YWcoIV4] |- |Uzaze |2021 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rb15WTTSkIw] |- |Agashinge |2020 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaDkN52AQkE] |- |None n' ejo |2018 |youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttZPUBo2YzI] |- |Umpe akanya |2018 |youtube[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIRbcXi6EMQ] |- |Birangwa |2017 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLzQvVBOljg] |- |Ndaje |2016 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnVYD70kxMg] |- |Velo |2016 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bmf5zmz3coM] |- |Tanga agatego |2015 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnaMX_--pxw] |- |Canga ikarita |2014 |Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KITCDCung1c] |} Mu mwaka wa 2020 habaye igitaramo gikomeye cyo kuba uyu muhanzikazi yashyira ahagagara alubumu ye, Teta Diana yatangajeko 50% by' amafaranga azavana muri alubumu ye yise "Iwanyu" azayatanga mukigega Aegis Trust, Aegis Trust ukaba ari umuryango mpuzamahanga utegamiye kuri leta ukaba uharanira kurwanya Jenoside n' irindi hohoterwa rikorerwa ikiremwamuntu. Teta Diane yabaye umwe mubatanze ikiganiro mubiganiro umuryango wa Aegis Trust yateguranye n' urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali. Ibi biganiro byiswe "From hate to humanity" bikaba byarabaye kuva taliki ya 6 Nzeri 2020 kugeza 20 Nzeri 2020. bamwe mubatumiwe harimo uwashinze itorero mashirika "Hope Azeda" unategura isurukiramico ry' ubumuntu n' ibindi, harimo (RTD) LT General Romeo Dallaire wari uyoboye (MINUAR) ingabo zari zishinze kubungabunga umutekano mu [[Rwanda]]. harimo nabandi batandukanye nka Malaika Uwamahoro umuvuzi w' imivugo akaba n' umukinnyi wa filimi nyarwanda, Linda Melvern, Freddy Mutanguha, Sandra Shenge na Mark Gwamaka.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/99015/teta-diana-azatanga-50-byamafaranga-azava-muri-album-ye-mu-muryango-aegis-trust-99015.html</ref> Teta Diana kandi yasohoye umuzingo w' indirimbo yise EP(Extended Play). uwo muzingo wa EP warimo indimbo enye arizo izi zikurikira: # Undi Munsi # Uzaze # Agashinge # ndetse n' Umugwegwe Umuzingo w' indirimbo za EP zahimbwe ndetse zifatwa amajwi muburyo bwa gakondo buvanze n' injyana ya kinyafurika. Teta Diana yavuze kuri izi ndirimbo zose ko zirimo inganzo zifasha abantu kugarura icyizere n' umunezero kubaba bihebye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/teta-diana-yasohoye-umuzingo-album-yise-ep</ref> == '''Ibihugu Yatembereyemo''' == Teta Diane yagiye amenyekana mubihugu bitandukanye kubwo kugenda akoramo ibitaramo bitandukanye ndetse no mubindi bikorwa, mu mwaka wa 2015 Teta Diane yitabiriye inama y' urubyiruko yabereye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. muri iyi nama Teta Diana yagiye nk' urubyiruko ndetse nk' umuhanzi, iri huriro ry' urubyiruko rikaba ryarateguwe na ambasade y' [[Rwanda]] muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], iyi nama ikaba yaribaye kuncuro ya mbere murwego rwo guhuza urubyiruko ruhaba, inama ikaba yarabereye i Dallars muri Texas. iri huriro ryari rigamije guhuza urubyiruko rw'u [[Rwanda]] rutatanye mumpande zitandukanye za [[Amerika]] mukugirango bamenyane ndetse banaganire kucyabateza imbere ndetse kigateza n\ igihugu cyabo cy'u [[Rwanda]] imbere.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/Teta-Diana-agiye-kujya-muri-Amerika-kwitabira-inama-y-urubyiruko</ref> Kuva taliki ya 19 Nzeri kugeza 14 Ukwakira 2016 Teta Diane yari muri umwe mubahanzi 10 ku isi yose batorewe kuzitabira Music Action Lab. muri iyo gahunda Teta Diana ymanze ibyumweru bitatu byambere hamwe nabandi bahanzi bari muri San Fransisco naho icyumweru cya nyuma bakimara i [[Megizike]].<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/2467/Teta-Diana-mu-byishimo-nyuma-yo-gutera-indi-ntambwe-ikomeye-muri-muzika</ref> Teta Diana kandi yatumiwe mugitaramo cyo kuririmba mu isesukiramuco rikomeye mugihugu cy' [[Ububiligi]] arinaho yateganije kugurishirizamo album ye yise " Iwanyu", iri sesurukiramico ryabaye taliki ya 22 Gasjyantare 2020. Teta Diana yavuzeko intego nyamukuru yiki gitaramo ikigamijwe ari ugusakaza ururimi ndetse n' umuco Nyarwanda. <ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/diana-teta-azitabira-iserukiramuco-rikomeye-mu-bubiligi-anagurishirizemo-alubumu-yise-iwanyu</ref> Bimwe mubindi bihugu Teta Diana yagiyemo harimo [[Suwede]], Beligium, [[Senegali]], [[Ubugande]], Netherlands, [[Kenya]], DRC n' ibindi...<ref>https://hdsentertainment.co.za/teta-diana/</ref> == '''Itaramo yitabiriye''' == Teta Diana wamamaye mu [[Rwanda]] azwi kuba yaritabiriye ibitaramo bigiye bitandukanye mumigabane itandukanye y' isi harimo [[Afurika]], [[Amerika]], ndetse na [[Aziya]]. kuwa 27 Gahyantare 2020 mu sesukiramico ryabereye mu [[Ububiligi]] muri Brugers mu nzu y' imyidagaduro yitwa concertgebouw hasanzwe hacurangirwa umuziki w' umwimerere( Musique Classique). Teta Diana akaba yarabaye umunyafurika wa mbere waririmbiye muri iyi nyubako mu njyana z' inyamahanga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95715/nanyuzwe-akari-ku-mutima-wa-teta-diana-watanze-ibyishimo-mu-iserukiramuco-rikomeye-mu-bubi-95715.html</ref> Teta Diane yakoreye igitaramo mumugi witwa limham arikumwe n' umugabo ukunda kumufasha witwa Gabriel Hermansson ndetse n' itsinda ry' abacuranzi be. yakoze iki gitaramo ari uburyo bwo gusogongeza abakunzi be ku EP(Extended Play) yaraherutse gusohora. muri icyo gitaramo Teta Diana yatangaje ko ari byiza cyane kuko bimuha amahirwe yo kumenyekanisha umuco nyarwanda ndetse binatuma abona umwanya wo kuganiriza abanyeshuri umuco nyarwanda.<ref>https://genesisbizz.com/Teta-Diana-yatangiye-gusogongeza-abo-muri-Suede-kuri-EP-ye</ref> Bimwe mubindi bitaramo yitabiriye harimo: * Tetes a tetes music festival 2020 * Next Einstein Forum 2015 <ref>https://rushyashya.net/teta-diana-yageze-i-dakar-aho-agiye-gususurutsa-abazitabira-next-einstein-forum-nef/</ref> * Kigali up music festival 2015 * FESPAM 2013 <ref>https://primestage.com/events/rwanda/</ref> == '''Ibihembo Yahawe''' == Teta Diane yahawe igihembo na madam [[Jeannette Kagame]] nkumwe mundashyikirwa mu rubyiruko. mu birori byo gushimira ibigo n' imiryango bifasha urubyiruko kwiteza imbere(Youthconnect Champions) hamwe n' urubyiruko ryageze kubikorwa by' indashyikirwa Celebrating Youth Rwandan Achievers (CYRWA) muburyo bwo kubahindura ndetse no muri rusange sosiyete Nyarwanda. iki gikorwa cyateguwe n' imbuto foundation kubufatanye na minisiteri y' urubyiruko n' ikoranabuhanga (MYICT), mubasaga 7 b' urubyiruko bahembwe mukuba barageze kubikorwa by' indashyikirwa muribo Teta Diana nawe akaba yari umwe mubahembwe icyo gihembo, ndetse hatanzwe ishimwe ku bigo n' imiryango bifasha urubyiruko kwiteza imbere.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/1367/Teta-Diana-mu-bashyikirijwe-na-Madamu-Jeannette-Kagame-ibihembo-byabakoze-ibikorwa-byindashyikirwa-burubyiruko</ref> == '''reba''' == dcjct5hhmnvcjesk0q0tu6fmtsvi4bk 0 10043 83302 83256 2022-05-10T18:10:22Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Miss Bahati Grace.jpg|alt=baha|thumb|Miss Bahati Grace]] Grace bahati yavukiye [[Uganda]] tariki 15 werurwe 1991 we nu muryango we baje mu [[Rwanda]] afite imyaka 3 nyuma ya [[Genocide mu Rwanda|genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .yakutse mu muryango mugari . Bahati afite imyaka 16 yihaye intego yo gukora icyamuteza imbere.<ref>https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/</ref> == Miss Bahati Grace wa twaye ikamba 2009 == Miss Rwanda yabaye nyuma ya jenocide ,tariki 19 Ukuboza 2009 yegukanwa na Miss Bahati grace mubirori byabereye i Gikondo ahasanzwe habera imurikagurisha. yatwaye ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2009 afite imyaka 18.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref> == Ubukwe bwa Miss Bahati Grace == Miss babati yakoranye ubukwe na Murekezi pascifque umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mwikipe ya Royan sports<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/reba-uburanga-bw-abakobwa-bahataniye-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-2009-amafoto</ref>. yakoze ubukwe tariki 19 Nzeri 2021 ,Muri Reta zunze ubumwe na America mu mujyi wa Cedra Rapids muri Reta ya Iowa,akaba arinaho bahuriye ubwambere bateretana.<ref>/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> == Amateka == Bahati n'umukobwa wavukiye muri [[Uganda]] Mu mwaka wa 1991 kuwa 15 werurwe. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Bahati]] yagiye muri [[Amerika]] kuwa 22 [[Kamena]] 2011. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Bahati Grace]] yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] agiye kwiga muri [[Amerika]] ariko ngo agezeyo yasanze amafaranga yari afite atamurihira n’igihembwe kimwe, bituma abanza gushaka ibyangombwa byatuma yiga mu ishuri atishyura.<ref>https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/</ref>Guhera ubwo ntabwo yongeye kugaruka mu Rwanda kubera impamvu z’amasomo no gushaka ubuzima. Miss Bahati Grace akabaye yaramaze igihe arimurukondo na Murekezi Pacifique umuhungu wa Fatikaramu wamamaye akina mu ikipe ya Rayon Sports baza kwiyemeza kurushinga . Ubukwe bwabo bwabereye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite%20note-3|Miss Elsa na Miss Meghane]] Barabutashye .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Mbereyaho [[Miss Bahati grace|Miss Bahati]] yatangarije itangazamakuru ko yatwaye inda agifite ikamba rya Miss Rwanda akaza kubyarana n’umuhanzi K8 Kavuyo waje no kumureka, Miss Bahati ntiyacitse intege akomeza kwirwanaho muri Amerika kugeza akundanye na Murekezi kugeza ubu niwe mutware we .<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/ubukwe-bwa-miss-bahati-grace-n-umuhungu-wa-fatikaramu-bwashyushye</ref> Muri ibyo bihe kandi yari afite umwana w’uruhinja, agomba kwitaho wenyine kuko yari Atari kumwe na se.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda</ref>Bwari ubuzima butoroshye kuko nta wundi muryango yari ahafite kandi atahamenyereye. bahati agira Ati “Kurera umwana uri umubyeyi umwe ni ikintu kitoroshye, mu gihugu cy’amahanga urimo uragerageza kumenyera ubuzima bushya n’indi mico utari usanzwe umenyereye ariko byose bituruka ku ntego nari mfite.<ref>https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/</ref>Bahati Grace yavuze ko yaje kubona umuryango wambereye nk’ababyeyi umufasha kurera umwana wemu gihe yari afite akazi abifatanya no kwiga. bahati grace aragira Ati “Nabanye nawe ndamurera ndiga sinavuga ko imbaraga nyinshi zari kuri njye gusa , naje kugirirwa ubuntu n’Imana impa umuryango mugari mwiza n’ubwo ababyeyi banjye bari mu Rwanda Inama yanyegereje abo babyeyi.<ref>https://hose.rw/miss-bahati-grace-yavuze-ku-buzima-bwo-kurera-umwana-wenyine-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-ka-k8/</ref> == Icyo Avuga mu Kwibuka kucuro 28 == Bahati Grace aragita ati : kucuro 28 Abanya Rwanda twibuka Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref>Gwarazirikana kandi agaha icyubahiro sebukwe Rapheal Murekezi wamenyekanye nka Fatikaramu warumubyeyi , umukinnyi wumupira wamaguru wikipe ya ryon siporo aho nyuma yaje nokuba umutoza <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116240/kwibuka28-miss-bahati-grace-yunamiye-sebukwe-wishwe-muri-jenoside-116240.html</ref> == REBA == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] duom274mluqsqiwcf5qq8ebhvpq4vyh 0 10044 83582 82829 2022-05-14T19:03:00Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clarisse Karasira''' yavutse mu mwaka wa1997 avukira i Masaka mu [[Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali,]] ni umuririmbyikazi ukunzwe na benshi mu muziki wo mu [[Rwanda]] byumwihariko mu njyana ya gakondo, [[File:Clarisse Karasira.jpg|thumb|Clarisse Karasira]] yatangiye umuziki mu mwaka wa 2018 yahoze ari umunyamakuru kuri Radio na Televiziyo zitandukanye zo m[[Rwanda Nziza|u Rwanda]]<ref>https://teradignews.rw/clarisse-karasira-umaze-umwaka-mu-muziki-yavuze-ku-byiza-nibibi-yahuye-nabyo/</ref>. == AMASHURI YIZE == CIarisse Karasira yize mu bigo binyuranye arangiza ayisumbuye mu ndimi n'ubuvanganzo, kaminuza aza kwiga ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru muri [[Mount Kenya University]]. Nyuma y' umwaka umwe amaze yiga itangazamakuru yaje kurisubika atangira kwiga ibijyanye na Politike mpuzamahanga mu mwaka wa kabiri muri Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali ULK.<ref>https://teradignews.rw/clarisse-karasira-umaze-umwaka-mu-muziki-yavuze-ku-byiza-nibibi-yahuye-nabyo/</ref> == URUGENDO RWE RWA MUZIKA [ENTERPREUNSHIP] == CIarisse yatangiye kuririmba mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo yinjiraga mu muziki cyane ko yumvaga impano imukomanga. ubwo yarari muri mu nzu itunganya umuziki ( Studio) yaje guhura na AIain MUKU yumva indirimbo ye n'uburyo aririmba akunda ubuhani bwe nyuma azakwiyemeza gukorana nawe indirimbo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/clarisse-karasira-ni-we-wahagaritse-gukorana-na-alain-muku</ref> == UBUZIMA BWE BWITE == Muri Gicurasi 2021 Clarisse Karasira yaje kurushinga na Slyvain Dijoie warusanzwe atuye muri Amerika . byaje kubangombwa ko Karasira yimukira muri Leta zunze ubumwe za [[Amerika]] yageze muri Amerika tariki 7 Ugushyingo 2021 ubu akaba abarizwa muri Leta ya Maine we n'umugbo we IFASHABAYO Slyvain Dijoie.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/clarisse-karasira-yimukiye-muri-amerika</ref><ref>[https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/clarisse-karasira-yarongowe-amafoto https://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/clarisse-karasira-yarongowe]</ref> == REBA == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] g0y76qnjsobcy63x5tjtly7wij4g6dx 0 10045 82116 2022-02-21T22:38:28Z Divine2004 10613 sherrie wikitext text/x-wiki Sherrie nu mukobwa wi myaka 28 yavutse mu mwaka 1994 nu mukobwa wikinege afite mama we witwa Florence Silver.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/i-london-hubatswe-ikibumbano-cya-sherrie-silver-abyina-kinyarwanda/</ref> Nu mukobwa udasanzwe muku byina ruzungu kandi azi no gukina filime akaba numuhanga mukwita izina ingagi buri mwaka. == Ibihembo ya hawe == kubera ukunu yakunzwe cyane byatumye ahabwa igihembo kiswe [[The Best Choreography category]] cyatanzwe mu marushanwa yo mu mwaka 2018 ya MTV Music Awards.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/i-london-hubatswe-ikibumbano-cya-sherrie-silver-abyina-kinyarwanda/</ref> == Akarusho yubakiwe ikibumbano[ilondon] == Abanyabugeni bo mu bwongereza bubatse ikibumbano cyerekana umunyarwandakazi Sherrie Silver ari kubyina ateze amboko kinyarwandakazi. Imbyino nyarwanda zibyinwa na banyarwandakazi bateze amaboko nk'uko inyambo ziba ziteze amahembe yazo.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/i-london-hubatswe-ikibumbano-cya-sherrie-silver-abyina-kinyarwanda/</ref> sherrie umunyarwandakazi uba mu bwongereza ,akaba icy'amamare mu kubyina. kuba yaruakiwe ikibumbano cy'imwerekana mu murwa mukuru w'igihugu gikomeye cyubwongereza kandi akerekanwa Abyina kinyarwandakazi ni shema ririkuri we nu [[Rwanda Nziza|RWANDA]] muri rusange.<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/i-london-hubatswe-ikibumbano-cya-sherrie-silver-abyina-kinyarwanda/</ref> == Ibikorwa ya koze[Emper woment] == Yagaragaye muri videwo nyinshi abyina ariko yaje guca agahigo ubwo yagaragaraga abyina mu ndirimbo yu muhanzi childish Gambino yise<nowiki>'' THIS IS AMERICAN''</nowiki>. Mumera zumwaka wa 2021 yaje mu Rwanda aremera abana bomumiryango itishoboye ibiribwa nizindi mpano zitandukanye. Icyo gihe yafashije abana bo mukigo cyimfubyi cyo kwa Gisimba mu Murenge wa Nyamirambo Akarere ka Nyarugenge. == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Wikipedia commons]] 3oot1vd45vvpwxylmm925sozgp67kkm 0 10046 82244 82135 2022-03-08T14:36:38Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 Created page with "Nitwa Honorine ndi umwanditsi mushya." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inyange Girls School of Sciences''' ni ikigo cy' [[Ishuri]] giherereye mu gihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]], [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], kikaba ari ikigo kigwamo n' [[Abana]] b' abakobwa gusa. Inyange Girls School of Sciences ni ikigo cyemewe kandi na leta y' u [[Rwanda]], kikaba kibaruwe mu [[Urutonde rw'amashuri mu Rwanda]] mu mashuri yisumbuye. == '''Uko Ikigo Cyashinzwe''' == Igihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]] kubufatanye n' igihugu cy' u [[Ubushinwa]], ibi bihugu byombi byishyize hamwe mugufatanya mubikorwa bitandukanye harimo no gushinga ibigo by' amashuri. muribyo babashije gushinga ikigo cya Inyange Girls School of sciences. Igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] cyahaye u [[Rwanda]] inkunga ikomeye yo kubaka umuhanda uva i [[Kigali]] ukagera i Musanze, uyu muhanda ukaba uca kukigo cya Inyange Girls School of Sciences. umuyobozi waruyoboye ikigo cya Inyange Girls school of Sciences mu mwaka wa 2012 Vital Nsengimana yavuzeko mbere yuko uyu muhanda wubakwa igihe cy' imvura umuhanda wabagamo ubunyerere bwinshi ndetse umuhanda ukanangirika kuburyo byabaga imbogamizi cyane kubanyeshuri ndetse nabandi bantu muri rusange bakoreshaga uwo muhanda. igihugu cy' u [[Ubushinwa]] nicyo cyubatse ikigo cyishuri Inyange Girls School of Sciences, [[Ubushinwa]] ndetse byatanze inkunga yo guha Inyange Girls School of Sciences mudasobwa zigera kuri 36 muburyo bwo kunganira abanyeshuri munyigire yabo, hatanzwe n' ibitabo bitandukanye ndetse nibikoresho bya [[Siporo]], [[Ubushinwa]] kandi bwemeye gutanga abarimu babiri babakorana bushake mugutanga amasomo ari mururimi rw' igishinwa.<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/china-donates-to-inyange-girls-school</ref> '''Inyange girls School of Sciences''' yashinzwe kubwo ubufatanye bwa coperasiyo y' u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n' [[Ubushinwa]] ariyo yiswe mu rurimi ry' [[Icyongereza]] "Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)" aho igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] cyemeye gukora imishinga itandukanye ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]], imwe muri iyo mushinga niho bemeye kubaka ikigo cy' amashuri mugushyigikira uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] hubakwa ikigo cy' [[Ishuri]] Inyange Girls School of Sciences.<ref>http://www.focac.org/eng/</ref> == '''Imibereho y' Abanyeshuri mu Inyange Girls School of Sciences''' == Abanyeshuri biga mukigo cy' Inyange Girls School of Sciences bafite amahirwe menshi cyane kurenza ibindi bigo bya leta kuko abanyeshuri baho babona inkunga zitandukanye ndetse zibafasha kungererwa umubumenyi, babasha gukoresha mudasobwa mumyigire yabo, ndetse bafite inkunga z' ibitabo bitandukanye bahawe n' igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]]. abanyeshuri baho babasha kugira imyidagaduro itandukanye bifashishije inkunga y' ibikoresho bya [[Siporo]] bahawe, akarusho kandi abanyeshuri biga mu Inyange Girls School of Sciences bafite amahirwe yo kwiga ururimi rw' Igishinwa aho bitoroshye gupfa kubona amahirwe mubindi bigo bya Leta ndetse n' ibigo byigenga, amahirwe nkayo rero y' imbonekarimwe aboneka mukigo cy' Inyange Girls School of Sciences. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58690</ref> == '''Inyungu yo kwiga mu Inyange Girls School of Sciences''' == Ni hacyeya usanga ku [[Urutonde rw'amashuri mu Rwanda]] abanyeshuri barangije amashuri yisumbuye babona amahirwe yo guhabwa inkunga yo gukomereza amashuri yabo muri kaminuza mubihugu byo hanze, inyungu ku banyeshuri biga mu Inyange Girls of Sciences nuko iyo habonetse abanyeshuri bakoze neza bagatsinda amasomo yabo neza haarimo n' amasomo y' igishimwa bahabwa amahirwe yo gukomereza amashuri yabo mugihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]]. andi mahirwe kandi nuko bigishwa ururimi rw' igishimwa nkuko byavuzwe na ambasaderi w' ubushinwa mu [[Rwanda]] Shu Zhan mu 2012 yavuzeko kubwo gushimangira umubano igihugu cy' [[Rwanda]] gifitanye n' [[Ubushinwa]] bazabaho gutanga amahirwe atandukanye kuri iki kigo Inyange Girls School of Sciences.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58690</ref> Muburyo bw' ikoranabuhanga ikigo cy' Inyange Girls School of Sciences kubufatanye na [[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)]] abanyeshuri baho babasha kubona amasomo kurubuga rya Rwanda Education Board(REB) aho mugihe abanyeshuri batari kubasha kujya ku ishuri nko mugihe cya guma mu rugo cyangwa (COVID19) abanyeshuri bashobora gukomereza amasomo yabo kurubuga rwa (REB) kuburyo bitabasha guhungabanya imyigire yabo.<ref>https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=70</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016 taliki ya 24 Gicurasi, Ambasaderi w' igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] n' u [[Rwanda]] Pan Hejun yitabiriye ibirori byabereye mu kigo cya Inyange Girls School of Sciences cyiswe "Chinese Teaching Equipement" aho Ambasaderi Pan Hejun yahagarariye amabasade y' [[Ubushinwa]] agaha ikigo mudasobwa, ibitabo ndetse nutubati two kubikamo ibikapu by' abanyeshuri. ibi biirori kandi byari byitabiriwe nabayobozi bashinzwe uburezi mu ntara y' amajyaruguru, umuyobozi mukuru w' ikigo cya Inyange Girls School of Sciences, Perezida wa confucius Institute, abari bahagarariye abarimu ndetse n' abanyeshuri.<ref>https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cerw//eng/xwdt/t1366131.htm</ref> == '''Ibihembo''' == Mu mwaka wa 2014 abanyeshuri bo mu Inyange Girls School of Sciences bitabiriye amarushanwa yateguwe na ambasade y' igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]]. muri aya marushanwa yitabiriwe n' ibigo by' amashuri bitandukanye aho ikigo cya Inyange Girls School of Sciences cyari gihagarariwe n' abanyeshuri bane. Muri aya marushwanwa abanyeshuri bamaze umwanya bakora umukoro wo kuvuga ku mateka y' igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] ndetse banavuga kumubano igihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]] gifitanye n' igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]]. Nyuma y' amarushanwa habayeho gutangaza ikigo cyatsinze maze Inyange Girls School of Sciences iza kwisonga yegukana igihembo cya mbere. umwe mubanyeshuri bari bitabiriye irushanwa umutoniwase Jeannette yatangajeko aribyiza kwiga ku muco ndetse n' amateka y' ibihugu bitandukanye, yakomeje avugako kwiga indimi ndetse n' umuco wibindi bihugu bigira akamaro kanini ati kuko ushobora kwisanga uri mugihugu kitari icyawe rero ibyo wize bikaba byakubera ingirakamaro. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/107</ref> == '''Reba''' == squtbdvb0l572vwslnmtpzeommgbod2 0 10047 83600 82136 2022-05-14T20:29:14Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Ibikorwa bye */ wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Amateka''' == Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa ni umugabo w' umunyarwanda kandi akaba azwi nkumuhinzi ukora ubuhinzi bwiganjemo [[Urusenda]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa akaba yarize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] muri [[College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine]] mu mwaka wa 2012, nyuma yo gusoza amasomo ye yabonye akazi muri Horizon Sopyrwa gusa nyuma yaje kubasezera ahitamo kwihangira umurimo ashinga compani ye yitwa Gashora Farms. akaba arinawe muyobozi mukuru uyoboye iki kigo.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/sonia-mugabo-yasabwe-aranakobwa-yambarirwa-n-abarimo-ange-kagame</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2021 Diego dieudonne yarushinze na [[Sonia mugabo|Sonia Mugabo]] uzwi cyane nkumunyamideli ukomeye mu [[Rwanda]], ubukwe bwabo bwamamaye cyane kumbuga zitandukanye ndetse bwanitabiriwe nabantu bakomeye nka [[Ange Kagame]] umukobwa wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda]], umuyobozi mukuru uyobora Irembo Faith Keza, Teta Gisa umukobwa wa [[Fred Rwigema]], umuyobozi uyobora Rwanda Green Fund ndetse nabandi batandukanye.<ref>https://yegob.rw/umunyamidelikazi-uri-mu-bakomeye-mu-rwanda-yambitswe-impeta-yurukundo-numusore-bakundana-amafoto/</ref> == '''Ibikorwa bye''' == Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa yashinze ikigo Gashora Farms giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]], akaba yaragiranye amasezerano n' abahinzi barenga igihumbi muburyo bwo kumufasha mumushinga we wo gukora ubuhinzi bw' [[Urusenda]]. akaba uyu mushinga yatangije warakuze cyane kuburyo yabonye amahirwe yo kujya agemura ibicuruzwa bye mubindi bihugu harimo Beligium, Netherlands ndetse n' [[Ubufaransa]], akaba agemur insenda mbisi ndetse n' izumye muri ibyo bihugu. Diego Diodonne kandi akaba akora amavuta akozwe murusenda yitwa Didi's Chilli aho agemura ayamavuta mubihugu nka Geneva UK ndetse na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]. China's Kai Jiang Xian zi Wei yagiranye amasezerano na Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa mu mwaka wa 2017 aho yemerewe kuzajya agemura cyangwa akajyana ibicuruzwa bye mubihugu bya [[Aziya]] ndetse no mugihugu cy' [[Ubuhinde]]. Mu mwaka wa 2019 Diego Diedonne Twahirwa yasinye amasezerano n' umushinga wo igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] witwa "GK International Enterprise Co Ltd" angana na miliyoni magana atanu mumadolari ya America, aya masezerano akaba yari afite ingengabihe y' imyaka itanu aho azajya agemura tone zisaga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000) buri mwaka. mugusinya aya masezerano Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa yavuzeko aya ari amahirwe akomeye kuko igihugu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] ari igihugu kinini cyane kandi kikaba gikoresha urusenda cyane, yakomeje avugako ubuhinzi bw' urusenda bukorwa mugihe gito kandi bugatanga umusaruro. yavuzeko igihu cy' [[Ubushinwa]] bwashakaga kugura ibicuruzwa byakorewe kumugabane wa [[Afurika]] mugihe babonaga ibyo Diego Dieudonne Twahirwa akora babonyeko ari ibyagaciro bahitamo kugirana amasezerano na Gashora Farm.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/09/rwandan-chili-farmer-lands-500m-deal-with-chinese-firm/</ref> == '''Ibihembo''' == mu mwaka wa 2018 Diego Diedonne Twahirwa yatsindiye igihembo igihe yari afite imyaka mirongo itatu muri gikorwa cyiswe Young Entrepreneur Awards at 2018 World Forum for Export Development 2018 (WEDF 2018) iki gihembo kikaba cyari icya International Trade Centre (ITC) kikaba kigamije guhuza ndetse no guteza imbere urubyiruko ku masoko atandukanye, <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/rwandan-export-awards#:~:text=Twahirwa%20is%20the%20founder%20and,firm%20based%20in%20Bugesera%20District.&text=sustainable%20economic%20growth.-,Twahirwa%20is%20the%20founder%20and%20managing%20director%20of%20Gashora%20Farms,with%20more%20than%201000%20farmers. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/rwandan-export-awards#:~:text=Twahirwa%20is%20the%20founder%20and,firm%20based%20in%20Bugesera%20District.&text=sustainable%20economic%20growth.-,Twahirwa%20is%20the%20founder%20and%20managing%20director%20of%20Gashora%20Farms,with%20more%20than%201000%20farmers.]</ref> == '''Reba''' == <references /> isesyc19migssatrbs0xbo712y2gvd1 0 10048 83371 82138 2022-05-12T09:43:43Z Germain92 9488 # WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhoza Simbi Fanique niyo mazina ye nyakuri uyu mu kobwa ukiri muto yitabiriye amaruhanwa yo kuba [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyaminga]] mu [[Rwanda]] mumwaka wa 2017 nubwo bitamuhiriye gusa numwe mubakobwa bamenyekanye cyane icyogihe kubera gusetsa kubyina nutundi twinshi yagiye akorera mu mwiherero wabo bose bateranye [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Inyamata]] == Miss Umuhoza Simbi Fanique == Umuhoza Simbi Fanique ni umwe mubakobwa bitabiriye irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyaminga wu Rwanda]] 2017<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-simbi-fanique-yaba-aheruka-kugira-amanota-angahe-mu-kizamini-cya-leta-ese</ref> yegukana ikamba ry'igisonga cya kane 4 == Imihigo == Umuhoza Simbi Fanique yari afite umushinga mwiza wo kwita ku babana n 'ubumuga mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no nhanze yarwo kandi akanabakorera ubuvugizi kuho batabasha kwigerera<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/74481/isimbi-fanique-ushyigikiye-abafite-ubumuga-yifatanyije-n-aba-74481.html</ref> == Ibikorwa == Miss Umuhoza wegukanye [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|ikamba ry'igisonga cya 4]] mu marushanwa ya miss Rwanda 2017 kandi numwe mubakobwa<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-simbi-fanique-yaba-aheruka-kugira-amanota-angahe-mu-kizamini-cya-leta-ese</ref> babashije gushyira imishinga yabo mubikorwa kugihe kuko ku itariki 25 Werurwe 2017 yifatanyije nabafite ubumuga mugutangiza Championa yitwaga [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda Amputee Football]] yaberaga i Kigali kimisagara<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-simbi-fanique-abimburiye-abandi-guhigura-ibyo-bahize</ref> == Umwihariko == Bivugwa ko muri boot camp aho abakobwa baba bari guharanira ikamba rya Nyampinga uhiga abandi mu bwiza no mubwenjye mu [[Rwanda]] haberamo ukugaragaza impano zabo zitandukanye ndetse nuburyo babana hagati yabo kandi hagaragaramo udushya twinshi dutandukanye ubwo bivugwa ko Miss Isimbi ari umwe mubakobwa bari bazwiho udushya no gusetsa abandi cyane muri boot camp == Reba == <references /> 1sxzih9d8fk44vmvt9y0atvbe6flgh3 0 10049 82787 82150 2022-05-03T15:19:56Z Germain92 9488 # WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Uwase Hirwa Honorine == miss Uwase wamamaye cyene mu mwaka wa 2017 mumarushanwa tya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyaminga]] wu [[Rwanda]] yamamara biturutse ku ijambo igisabo bigatuma ahabwa ikamba ry umukobwa ukoresha imbuga cyane<ref>https://teradignews.rw/uko-byagenze-kugirango-miss-igisabo-ahabwe-ikamba-rya-miss-social-media/</ref> == Imirimo == Uwase Hirwa Honorine wamenyekanye mumarushanwa yogushaka [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] uhiga abandi mubwiza <ref>https://yegob.rw/amafoto-ya-miss-igisabo-yazamuye-imbamutima-zabiganjemo-abigitsinagabo/</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] yabaye muri 2017 akamenyekana kukazina ka Miss Igisabo yaje kwegukana ikamba rya Miss popularity cg umukobwa wakunzwe nabandi kumbuga nkoranya mbaga mu [[Rwanda]] akaba yarinjiye mwirushanwa rya Nyampinga ahagarariye intara y'iburengerazuba<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/miss-igisabo-yongeye-kuvugisha-abatari-bake-nyuma-y-amafoto-yashyize-hanze</ref> == Agashya == [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampiga]] wahize abandi mu gukundwa nabantu kumbuga nkoranyambaga ariwe Uwase Hirwa Honoline<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwase-honorine-wamamaye-nka-miss-igisabo-mumunyenga-wurukundo-numusore-bitegura-kubana/</ref> wamamaye cyane ku izina rya Miss igisabo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yongeye kugaragara cyane kumbuga ashyira amafoto agaragaza ubwiza bwe bikaba byaratumye benshi mubamukunda nabafana be bongera kumuvugaho ndetse bimwongerera no kurebwa cyane kumbuga ze akoresha<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114817/miss-igisabo-ari-mu-rukundo-ruzira-gitangira-114817.html</ref> == Reba == qncrrt8z06nit1o1yiq4mvfrmrkrb9y 0 10050 82219 82217 2022-02-28T09:13:28Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 create page wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Amateka''' == Dr Daniel Ngamiye ni Umunyarwanda utuye mugihugu cy' [[Rwanda]]. akaba ari Minisitiri w' Ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]] guhera taliki ya 26 Gashyantare 2020.<ref>https://www.healthbuilders.org/post/appointment-of-health-builders-board-member-as-rwandas-minister-of-health</ref> Amashuri ye ya kaminuza yayigiye muri Universite de Kinshasa, DRC yigayo Bachelor's degree in Medicine and Surgery. Yakomereje kandi amashuri ye muri Universite Libre de Bruxelles muri Brussels, Beligum aho yigaga Masters of Medicine in Public Health. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1995 kugeza 1997 Dr Daniel Ngamije yabaye umu dogiteri mubitaro bya Kabgayi.<ref name=":0">https://www.gpmb.org/board/item/dr-daniel-m.-ngamije</ref> guhera mu mwaka wa 2007 kugeza muri 2017 Dr Daniel Ngamije yakoraga nka korodinateri wa PMU mumagambo aramubuye bisobanura Project Implementation Unit ariyo nyuma yaje guhinduka SPUI (Single Project Implementation Unit), muri 2018 yatangiye gukora muri World Health Organization (WHO) nka National programme officer,<ref>https://www.moh.gov.rw/about</ref> == '''Uruhare rwe''' == Minisitiri Daniel Ngamije yagaragaye mubikorwa bitandukanye cyane cyane mubikorwa bya COVID, mukiganiro Dr Daniel Ngamije yagiranye n' abanyamakuru ku ngingo yerekeranye n' inkingo zitangwa mugihugu za COVID, Dr Daniel Ngamiye yavuze ko umuryango w' abibumbye (OMS) usaba abantu ko bafata urukingo rwa COVID-19 rubongerera ubudahangarwa hagati y' amezi atatu n' atandatu cyane cyane kubantu batabonye urukingo rwa mRNA. Dr Daniel Ngamije yagiye akangurira Abanyarwanda gufata urukingo rushimangira kubamaze gufata inkingo zuzuye naho kubatarakingiye akomeza kubararikira kwihutira gufata inkingo muburyo bwo kwirinda ko bakandura indwara ya COVID.<ref name=":0" /> mu mwaka wa 2021 Dr Daniel Ngamije tutabiriye inama aho ikigo cyo mu gihugu cy' [[Ubudage]] cyitwa BioNTech aho yagiraye amasezerano na leta y' u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na leta ya [[Senegali]] yo kubaka ikigo cy mbere muri [[Afurika]] gikora inkingo hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mRNA. iki kigo kikaba kizubakwa mu [[Rwanda]], BioNTech yamaye mugukorana n' ikigo cya Pfizer mu gukora rumwe mu nkingo zikoreshwa cyane ku isi ikaba ivuga ko mu ntangiriro icyo kigo kizagirana ubushobozi bwo gukora inkingo zigera muri miliyoni 50 ku mwaka. Dr Daniel Ngamije yavuzeko ikigo cya BioNTech kizatanga umusanzu muburinganire ku nkingo bucyenewe muri [[Afurika]].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59059702</ref> Italiki 5 Werurwe 2021 nibwo Minisitiri Dr Daniel Ngamije yatangije igikorwa cyo gukingira abanyarwanda COVID-19 kumugaragaro, muri gahunda yo gutangiza iki gikorwa Dr Daniel Ngamije yari aherekejwe na Dr. Kasonde Mwinga ariwe muyobozi uhagarariye ishami ry' umuryango w' abibumbye ryita kubuzima (OMS) mu [[Rwanda]], Juliana Lindsey uhagarirye ishami ry' abibumbye ryita ku bana (UNICEF) mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse n' abandi bayobozi bo munzego zitandukanye.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/kicukiro/index.php?id=149&L=3&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=454&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=53ea92ae4d1ae152be9fc8327e49e280</ref> Dr Danniel Ngamije mu kuboza 2021 yatangarije abaturarwanda bose ko bagomba gufata urukingo rwa COVID 19 kuburyo n' abana b' imyaka itanu bazaruhabwa rukigera ku isoko, Dr Daniel Ngamije yakomeje agira ati buri munyarwanda wese ko agomba guhura n' undi nta mpungenge ko ahobora kuba yamwanduza, <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/u-rwanda-ruzakingira-n-abana-covid-19-guhera-ku-myaka-itanu-minisitiri-ngamije</ref> Dr Daniel Ngamije yavuzeko gufata urukingo rushimangira bifasha umubiri kongerewa ubudahangarwa bitwo abasirikare b' umubiri biyongera bakabasha guhangana na virusi mugihe umuntu yaba ahuye na yo. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubuzima/coronavirus/article/icyorezo-cyamaze-gufata-intera-iri-hejuru-minisitiri-dr-ngamije-yatangaje</ref> == '''References''' == <references /> 55fgd8hqys9fp3fguj0r7dv1098cfpu 0 10051 82142 82141 2022-02-23T19:52:31Z Divine2004 10613 Mutesi wikitext text/x-wiki Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore wabaye Nyaminga w'u Rwanda mu mwaka 2012 [[Dosiye:Aurore Kayibanda.jpg|thumb|Miss Mutesi Kayibanda Aurore]] numwe mubakunzwe nabatari bacye hano mu [[Rwanda|Rwand]]<nowiki/>a.<ref>aramagazine.com/zara-story/256/Umubyeyi%20%20wa%20Miss%20Mutesi%20Aurore%20yitabye%20Imana</ref> == Ubuzima bw'ite == Miss Kayibanda niwe,bucura mu muryango wa kayibanda ladlisals na Mukazera Olive. miss mutesi avuka mu muryango wa bana bane barimo na nyakwigendera Hirwa Henry wa ririmbaga muri KGB.<ref>m/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/miss-mutesi-aurore-yahamije-ko-yatandukanye-na-egide-mbabazi</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Wikipedia commons]] fcxco7xi26dsfu54jaktggwp7u9j5ui 0 10052 82146 82145 2022-02-24T16:34:46Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki Andrew Kareba ni umwe mubanyamakuru bakomeye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bakorera icyigo k'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru cyizwi nka RBA [[Rwanda|Rwanda broadcasting Agency]] == Andrew Kareba == ni umwe mubanyamakuru b' abanyarwanda bakomeye mu intangaza makuru ryo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bakorera ikigo k'igihugu cy'[[Rwanda|itangazamakuru]] RBA mubiganiro byinshi yagiye akora bitandukanye byamenyekanye cyane mu [[Rwanda]] kandi akaba ari umwe mubanyamakuru bagira uruhare mwiterambere ry'urubyiruko abinyujije mubiganiro agirana nabo kuri RBA.<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/07/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-andrew-kareba.html</ref> == Uruhare == Andrew Kareba yamenyekanye cyane mu biganiro byiterambere ry'urubyiruko ndetse nku muntu wakunze cyane gufasha <ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/326440672995953230/</ref> abana biga [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|mumashuri yisumbuye]] akabahuza n'ibyamamare bitandukanye ndetse nabantu bagiye biteza imbere muburyo butandukanye akabahuriza mu biganiro bigamije kubahugura ndetse no kubagira Inama mu buryo butandukanye ndetse no kwiteza imbere. == Ibiganiro == Umunyamakuru Andrew Kareba yakoze ibiganiro byinshi bitandukanye byatumye amenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/igihepictures/49035075312</ref> harimio nka [[Rwanda|Insipire M]]<nowiki/>e yiganjemo ibiganiro byo gufasha urubyiruko cyane ndetse n'ikiganiro bita Wramutse [[Rwanda]] kandi nubu akaba agikorera ikigo kigihugu cy'itangaza makuru mu [[Rwanda]] == Indi mirimo (Engegement) == Andrew kandi uretse umwuga w'itangazamakuru kandi akora nibindi bintu byinshi bitandukanye harimo<ref>https://anewstip.com/media/journalist/dv2-c552809d/andrew-kareba/?tab=tweets</ref> nko kuba umuyobozi wibirori bitandukanye MC kuko yamenyekanye kandi nka MC muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/07/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-andrew-kareba.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Andrew Kareba kandi yasezeranye na Ingabire Sekamana Arielle akaba ari umukobwa wa Rtd Brig Sekamana Jean Damascene uyobora i[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|shyirahamwe ry'umupira wamaguru]] mu Rwanda [[FERWAFA]]<ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/326440672995953230/</ref> == Reba hano == 5ebyqzd9etgd1u23ohihdcee8eia04g 0 10053 82830 82793 2022-05-04T09:08:30Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Dr Bayisenge Jeannette]] to [[Bayisenge Jeannette]] wikitext text/x-wiki Dr Bayisenge Jeannette n'u mubyeyi wabana batatu b'abahungu , numubyeyi ucecetse cyane ariko w'umuhanga mubyakora Kandi ujyira akanyamuneza kuko na minota ibiri ishira atamwenyuye uretse gusa iyo avuga ibijyanyen'akazi.<ref>amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/haracyakenewe-imbaraga-ngo-abagore-biyubake-mu-bukungu-minisitiri-bayisenge</ref> == Amateka == Dr Bayisenge Mbere y'uko aba Minisitiri muri MIGEPROF y'arumwarimu muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] yigisha amasomo ajyanye n'uburinganire. Umwuga y'amazemo igihe kirekire kuko yawutagiye 2004 nyuma yigihe gito arangije muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] kuko yayizemo kuva mu 1993 kugeza muri 2003 yiga ibijyanye n<nowiki>'imirimo Rusange ''Social Work''</nowiki>.<ref>/igihe/posts/dr-bayisenge-jeannette-ni-minisitiri-wuburinganire-niterambere-ryumuryango-migep/10159502308582114/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Dr Bayisenge Mbere y'uko abona Doctora yabanje kwiga icyiciro cy'agatatu cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] muri [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|korea yepfo]] 2008na 2009. Muri kaminuza y'a Ewah Womens y'iga ibijyanye n'iterambere Rusange ariko Ryibanda ku Bagore[Developement cooperative with Specialisation in women and developemen<ref>abantu/article/akunda-koga-gusenga-no-gutembera-ubuzima-bwo-hanze-y-akazi-bwa-minisitiri</ref>t]. == Ibyo akunda gukora == Dr Bayisenge Jeanette nyuma yakazi ke akunda umukino wo koga gutembera ndetse no Gusenga ni umubyeyi ugira urugwiro cyane kuko akunda kuganira ndetse no guseka ni umwe mu ba minisitire babahanga kandi bakora akazi kabo neza mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/article/akunda-koga-gusenga-no-gutembera-ubuzima-bwo-hanze-y-akazi-bwa-minisitiri</ref> == Ibikorwa bye == Dr Bayisenge ibyo akora ntago bitandukanye cyane n'ibyo yize n'ibyo yakozemo ubushakashatsi bwinshi.<ref>amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/haracyakenewe-imbaraga-ngo-abagore-biyubake-mu-bu</ref> iyo ugiye ku mbuga zishyirwaho ubushakashatsi,urugero nka researchgate,ubonaho uburenga 15 yakoze,yaba ubuvuga kw'iterambere ry'abagore, uburenganzira buhabwa kubutaka, ubuvuga ku rubyiruko,kubuzima bwo mu cyaro n'ibindi. yakuze ari umuhanga mu ishuri,inzozi ze arukwiga akaminuza kuburyo aba-docter. ubuyarazikabije ahubwo kuko afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ibona umugabo igasiba undi.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/article/akunda-koga-gusenga-no-gutembera-ubuzima-bwo-hanze-y-akazi-bwa-minisitiri</ref> == Imirimo ye == Dr Bayisenge ni umwarimu ukomeye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] ishuri rikuru ry'ubugeni nubumenyi bw'imibereho (UR-CASS) ikigo cy'uburinganire <ref>https://www.migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/prof-bayisenge-jeannette-takes-oath-as-new-minister-of-gender-and-family-promotion-1</ref> akaba kandi Perezida winama njyanama y'[[Akarere ka Gasabo]] afite akandi impamyabumenyi yikirenga kubijyanye nimibereho yakuye muri [[Suwede|Kaminuza]] [[Suwede|ya Gothenburg muri suwede.]] afite kandi impamyabumenyi yikirenga mubufatanye bw'iterambere hamwe n'inzobere mubagore yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] ya [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Ewha woman in Seoul muri koreya y'amajyepfo]] n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse ijyanye n'imibereho myiza yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanda ahanini k'uburinganire n'iterambere ndetse n'iterambere ry'umugore n'abana.<ref>https://theconversation.com/profiles/jeannette-bayisenge-459033</ref> == REBA == m2gx83mhpn7ky4oa1vrigy5b3cfffto 0 10054 82160 82159 2022-02-24T20:56:45Z Divine2004 10613 CELESTIN wikitext text/x-wiki Celestin Gakwaya ufite izina rikomeye muri sinema nyarwanda,benshi bakaba bamuzi nka nkaka izina yitwa muri filime <nowiki>'' Serwakira''</nowiki>.<ref>.com/inyarwandadotcom/posts/gakwaya-celestin-ubadukanye-ingoga-mu-gukora-filime-ya-gikristo-agiye-kumurika-i/4134823373210469/</ref> == Amateka == celestin Gakwaya wamamaye kwi zina nkaka kubera filime yakinnye yitwa nkaka Gakwaya yashakanye na Morren Mutesi ubukwe bwabo bwabaye tariki 13 Ukuboza 2020.<ref>elestin-gakwaya-nkaka-agiye-kurushinga-numukobwa-yasimbuje-uwo-yambitse-impeta-mu-mezi-6--99589.html</ref> == REBA == kr2mpob6ong1671z3feg5r0q9qdet3l 0 10055 82173 2022-02-25T13:24:58Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Naomie nishimwe]] to [[Naomie Nishimwe]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Naomie Nishimwe]] m8sgwqt6my26cx859rgopdpzmpdqw3v 0 10056 82175 2022-02-25T13:30:52Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Yvan Buran]] to [[Burabyo Yvan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Burabyo Yvan]] 0zsc1wxs100qhkz61y2cj29n5dbaeal 0 10057 82185 82183 2022-02-25T23:38:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonkheer Marinus van der Goes van Naters''' (21 Ukuboza 1900 - 12 Gashyantare 2005) yari umunyapolitiki w’Ubuholandi w’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage (SDAP) nyuma rikaza kuba ishyaka ry'abakozi (PvdA) akaba n'umunyamategeko. <ref>http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn6/goes</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye i Nijmegen . Yabaye umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w'abadepite kuva 1937 kugeza 1967 akaba n'umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko y'ishyaka riharanira demokarasi n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage SDAP n'uwasimbuye ishyaka ry'abakozi mu Buholandi kuva 1945 kugeza 1951. === Gufungirwa i Buchenwald n'ahandi === Kuva mu 1940 kugeza 1944 mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, yafashwe bugwate n'Abadage bigaruriye inkambi zitandukanye, harimo n'ikigo cya Buchenwald . == Ibibazo by'umupaka w'ubudage nyuma ya WW2 == Hagati ya 1950 yagize uruhare muri gahunda itazwi yemejwe n'Inama y’Uburayi kugira ngo ikibazo cya Saar gikemuke .nyuma y’intambara yavuze neza ko Duivelsberg yigaruriwe [[Ubudage|n’Ubudage]] nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, izagumana [[Ubuholandi|n'Ubuholandi]] . == Urupfu == Yapfuye mu 2005 afite imyaka 104. == Imidari == {| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;" | colspan="4" |'''Icyubahiro''' |- ! Icyubahiro ! Igihugu ! Itariki ! Igitekerezo |- | Knight of the Order of the Holland Ntare | Ubuholandi | 30 Ndamukiza 1951 | |- | Umuyobozi w'itegeko rya Orange-Nassau | Ubuholandi | 22 Gashyantare 1967 | |- |} references [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] 9rbqjxb2hjs2gt898c1fr82gz0jmdt6 0 10058 82188 82184 2022-02-25T23:42:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gamariel Mbonimana''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1980) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]], ubu akaba umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . <ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131</ref> Ni umunyamuryango w'ishyaka rya Liberal Party mu Rwanda. Kera yakoraga nk'umwarimu wigihe cyose muri [[Kaminuza ya Kigali (UoK)|kaminuza ya Kigali]] . <ref name="auto1">https://uok.ac.rw/member/dr-mbonimana-gamariel/</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere hamwe n'amashuri yize == Mbonimana yavutse ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1980 mu Karere ka Kamonyi. Mbonimana yize amashuri abanza ya Bunyonga (1987-1995), Ecole Secondaire de MBOGO kurwego rusanzwe (1995-1998), yinjira muri Institut Technique de Rutobwe (ITER) (1998-2001) kugirango ahabwe impamyabumenyi yisumbuye. <ref name="auto2">https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=131 </ref> Yarangije impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Arts muri Psychopedagogy yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kibungo (mu Rwanda), Masters of Arts mu micungire y’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kabale (Uganda), Master of Business Administration in Logistics and Supply chain Management from Institute of Business Management, Mubuhinde na Filozofi mu micungire y’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Holy States University [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . == Umwuga == === Lecturer === Yatangiye ari umwarimu mu ishuri ribanza rya Rusave (Nzeri 2001-Ukuboza 2003), Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kayonza ryigisha imitekerereze ya psychologiya, sociologiya, filozofiya n’uburezi bwa politiki (Mutarama 2004-Ukuboza 2005), nk'umuyobozi akaba n'umwarimu muri Institut Don Bosco Kabarondo (Mutarama 2009-Gicurasi 2013). Kuva muri Mata 2014, yabaye umwarimu wa Part timer muri kaminuza ya [[Mount Kenya University]] Kigali. <ref name="Details">https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=380</ref> Kuva muri Mutarama 2015 kugeza Werurwe 2016 yabaye umwarimu mukuru ndetse anaba umuyobozi w'ishami ry'uburezi muri kaminuza ya Mahatma Gandhi mu Rwanda. <ref name="auto3">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/children-commission-dissolved</ref> Muri Werurwe 2015, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Kigali aho yakoraga mu myanya itandukanye nk'umuhuzabikorwa wa Post Graduate Diploma mu burezi, umuyobozi wa gahunda ishinzwe uburezi nk'umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ishuri ryisumbuye (Mutarama 2017-Kanama 2017) nk'umuyobozi wungirije Ishuri rya PostGraduate (Kanama 2017 kugeza Kamena 2018) kandi yabaye umwarimu wigihe cyose hamwe na Associate Dean, Ishuri rya Postgraduate muri kaminuza ya Kigali . Mugihe yari umwarimu, Dr. Mbonimana yatanze ikiganiro cya Psychoperspe yiterambere ryimibereho, Ubuyobozi bwuburezi nubujyanama, ibizamini, gupima no gusuzuma, urufatiro rwamateka yuburezi, psychologiya, pedagogi, filozofiya, sociologiya, uburyo bwubushakashatsi, imicungire yumutungo, imyitwarire yubuyobozi, ubumenyi bwitumanaho, Iterambere ry'umuntu, Amahame y'Ubuyobozi <ref name="auto1" /> Amahame n'amahame y'Ubuyobozi mu burezi, Urufatiro rw'uburezi, imicungire y'umutungo , imicungire y'abakozi n'ubuyobozi, imicungire y'abakozi bashinzwe imiyoborere n'ubuyobozi, gahunda Mgt., Integanyanyigisho n'ubuyobozi bw'Amashuri Makuru, Kwigisha no Kwiga neza mumashuri Makuru, imicungire yimibereho yabanyeshuri nubuyobozi, Uburyo bwubushakashatsi, Politiki yuburezi na Igenamigambi <ref name="auto2" /> Gucunga amasoko nogutanga amasoko, amasoko yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga, gucunga ububiko n’ibicuruzwa, gucunga ibikoresho no gutanga amasoko, gucunga ibikorwa ity logistique, Gutegura amasoko no gucunga amasoko, imishyikirano no gucunga amasezerano, gucunga ibyago no gucunga amasoko, politiki rusange nubuyobozi nibindi. === Politiki === Ku ya 4 Nzeri 2018, yatorewe kuba umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w’abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda]] maze ku ya 19 Nzeri 2018 ararahira. Ni umunyamuryango ku burezi, Ikoranabuhanga, umuco n'urubyiruko mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda. Ari mu ishyaka rya Liberal Party mu Rwanda. Ku ya 28 Gicurasi 2019, Biro y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yamugize mu ishyirahamwe ry’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Francophonie nk'umunyamuryango wa komite ishinzwe uburezi, itumanaho n’umuco. == Imirimo yatangajwe == Yashyize ahagaragara ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwe kuri politiki y’uburezi & imiyoborere, Isoko ryo guhuza amasoko, gucunga ububiko n’imicungire y’ibikoresho, Logistika na Politiki mu bitabo no mu bindi binyamakuru by’urungano bityo bivugwa na H-Index ya 7 hamwe na 21 byavuzwe kuri bagenzi be barenga 12- yasuzumye ikinyamakuru mubitabo mpuzamahanga bifitanye isano. == Ubuzima bwite == Dr. Mbonimana yashakanye na Ingabire Marie Claire kandi bafitanye abana 3; Mbonimana Keza Ornella, Mbonimana Gwiza Briella na Mbonimana Nshuti Elouan. Mu byo akunda harimo Gukina umupira w'amaguru, Gusoma Bibiliya kimwe n'ibindi bitabo rusange no kureba firime za documentaire. <ref name="auto2" /> Ari mu ishyaka rya Liberal Party mu Rwanda. <ref name="auto2" /> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] i9qr7del2r9d74dfvoas6r4grlg3pmk 14 10059 82186 2022-02-25T23:39:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "Ikiciro cy'abantu bakora politiki" wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro cy'abantu bakora politiki ms7o52jq4i5tmqtr10bmimuh9r849dm 14 10060 82187 2022-02-25T23:40:34Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "ikiciro cy'abarimu bigisha muri kaminuza" wikitext text/x-wiki ikiciro cy'abarimu bigisha muri kaminuza rtvhukqnhlty1umgh3dyh6v67x24uf2 0 10061 82205 82193 2022-02-27T09:59:24Z Protais1 9980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manasseh Nshuti''' ni umucungamar'''i''' ukomeye [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], umucuruzi, umushoramari, numunyapolitiki. Akora nka Minisitiri w’ibikorwa [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|by’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] muri [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]], guhera ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2020. <ref name="1R">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-names-new-EAC-minister/4552908-5539426-11aauocz/index.html</ref> Mbere yibyo, kuva 2013 kugeza 2020, yari Umuyobozi wa kaminuza ya Kigali, kaminuza yigenga i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru wigihugu. <ref name="1R" /> == Ubuzima bwambere == Nshuti afite impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, muri [[Uganda]]. Impamyabumenyi ye ya kabiri, Master of Business Administration, mu ibaruramari, yahawe na kaminuza ya Aberdeen, muri ecosse. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi ya Dogiteri mu by'imari, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Aberdeen . <ref name="2R">https://taarifa.rw/kagame-appoints-nshuti-manasseh-for-eac-portfolio-who-is-he/</ref>Kuva mu 2013, Nshuti yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza ya Kigali, kaminuza yigenga yafashije gushinga ubu ikaba ikomeye mu gihugu. <ref name="3R">https://uok.ac.rw/dr-kamiya-hakizimana-jean-marie-vianney/</ref> == Umwuga == Nshuti yigishije muri kaminuza ya Strathmore i [[Nairobi|Nairobi, muri Kenya]] imyaka cumi n'ine. Indi myaka irindwi yamaze yigisha no kuyobora muri kaminuza gatolika yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba, i Nairobi, muri Kenya. Yigishije kandi muri kaminuza ya Aberdeen imyaka ibiri, mu gihe yakomezaga impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. === politiki === Nshuti yakoraga bwa mbere muri [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Guverinoma y’u Rwanda]] kuva 2003 kugeza 2005, nka Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi, inganda, guteza imbere ishoramari, ubukerarugendo n’amakoperative. Yimuriwe muri Minisiteri y’Imari mu 2005, asimbuye [[Donald Kaberuka]], <ref name="esid">http://www.effective-states.org/wp-content/uploads/working_papers/final-pdfs/esid_wp_120_chemouni_POE.pdf</ref> wagizwe Perezida wa [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] . Mu 2006, yagizwe Minisitiri w’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo, ahakorera kugeza mu 2008, igihe yagirwaga umujyanama mukuru w’ubukungu wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]] ., hagati ya 2008 na 2013, Nshuti yabaye umuyobozi wa ''Crystal Ventures Limited'', ubucuruzi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda .Muri Gicurasi 2020, yafashe inshingano z'umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, asimbuye Olivier Nduhungirehe wirukanwe muri guverinoma, ku ya 10 Mata 2020, azira "gushyira ibitekerezo bye imbere ya politiki ya guverinoma. . " . == references == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki]] 5qju06ta5mhupbs6rkuor40zavmbnzx 0 10062 82206 82190 2022-02-27T10:01:38Z Protais1 9980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Augustin Iyamuremye''' (wavutse 15 Werurwe 1946) n'umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|wumunyarwanda]] . Arubatse, kandi umugore we ni umukobwa w'uwahoze ari perezida Theodore Sindikubwabo . Yabaye Perezida wa sena kuva ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019. Iyamuremye ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi no Kurengera Ibidukikije. Iyamuremye yari Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga ku ngoma ya Perezida [[Pasteur Bizimungu]] kuva mu 1999 kugeza igihe guverinoma yeguye muri Werurwe 2000 kandi yabaye Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru nyuma yicyo gihe . Iyamuremye akomoka mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo . Ni umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afurika akaba na Porofeseri muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] . Ni umuganga wamatungo kubwumwuga. Kuri ubu ni Perezida wa Sena y'u Rwanda kuva 2019. <ref>[http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf List of Members of the Pan African Parliament (March 15, 2004)] </ref> ashyigikiye ubukangurambaga bwo gushyiraho Inteko ishinga amategeko y’umuryango w’abibumbye . <ref>http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=allhea&mapgroup=hea</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] opr767d62rtwaqucorfcogecquplvwi 14 10063 82191 2022-02-26T00:05:16Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "ikiciro kirimo ibikorwa n'abantu bigaragara mu bucuruzi" wikitext text/x-wiki ikiciro kirimo ibikorwa n'abantu bigaragara mu bucuruzi f5hv8j210gr0z50jr7mwro9biiyfcip 14 10064 82192 2022-02-26T00:06:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "ikiciro kirimo abantu cyangwa ibikorwa biganisha kuri politiki y'urwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki ikiciro kirimo abantu cyangwa ibikorwa biganisha kuri politiki y'urwanda 2h8ynawjcizc2y0e3m71kkj9i34pmjv 0 10065 82207 82194 2022-02-27T10:02:54Z Protais1 9980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Verediana_Masanja_1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Verdiana Grace Masanja]] '''Verdiana Grace''' '''Masanja''' ( '''Kashaga''', wavutse ku ya 12 Ukwakira 1954 ) Niwe mugore wa mbere wo muri [[Tanzaniya]] wabonye impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri mu mibare. [1] Kurenga imibare, yanasohoye inyandiko nyinshi ku myigire n’uruhare rw’abagore muri siyanse. <ref>https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja/</ref> == Uburezi == Masanja yavukiye i Bukoba, icyo gihe igice cya Tanganyika . Yabaye umunyeshuri mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa rya Jangwani i Dar es Salaam hanyuma yiga muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam, arangiza icyiciro cy’imibare n’ubugenge mu 1976 n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu 1981. <ref name=":0">https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2021-05-2460ab7811ae387.aspx</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri mubutaribire kandi yarangije impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza ya tekinike muri Berlin . Impamyabumenyi ye, ''Numical Study of Reiner - Rivlin Fluid mu muyoboro wa Axi-Symmetrical Circular Circular'', yakurikiranwe na Wolfgang Muschik na Gerd Brunk. <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Masanja amaze kuba umunyeshuri wa masters yabaye umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam, agarutse avuye mu Budage ahinduka umwarimu, akomeza kuguma mu ishami rya kaminuza kugeza mu 2010. Mu 2006 yatangiye kwigisha no muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] nk'umwarimu wungirije, maze mu 2007 aba umwarimu aho, ndetse yagizwe umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi muri kaminuza, anaba umuyobozi wungirije akaba n'umujyanama mukuru muri kaminuza ya Kibungo mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2018 yagarutse muri Tanzaniya nk'umwarimu w’imibare muri Nelson Mandela Institute of Science and Technology muri Arusha . <ref>https://nm-aist.ac.tz/index.php/masanja</ref> Masanja yabaye visi perezida mu muryango Nyafurika Ushinzwe Imibare, yayoboye Komisiyo Nyafurika ishinzwe imibare ku bagore, [4] ndetse n'umuhuzabikorwa w’igihugu gishinzwe uburezi mu mibare muri Afurika. <ref>https://www.udsm.ac.tz/web/index.php/directorates/dica/alumni/name/42</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] 6yvgal2dezfn5t5oy6eaek39pdiwquv 0 10066 82196 82195 2022-02-26T09:54:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jolly Rwanyonga Mazimhaka''' ni inzobere muburezi mu [[Rwanda]] . Yashakanye na [[Patrick Mazimhaka]] (1948–2018); bafite abakobwa batatu.<ref>https://akilah.org/team-members/dr-jolly-mazimhaka</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Jolly Mazimhaka yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kandi yiga muri Trinity College Nabbingo . Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubuhanzi mu buvanganzo bw’icyongereza na dipolome ya nyuma y’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri Kampala n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu buvanganzo rusange bwa Commonwealth ndetse na PhD muri Drama ya Renaissance, ituruka muri kaminuza ya Saskatchewan <ref>https://en.igihe.com/mv/?page=mv2_article&id_article=36863</ref>. == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo kwigisha Ubuvanganzo n'Icyongereza muri Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga muri [[Uganda]] no mu ''ishuri ry'abakobwa rya Loreto Convent'' i Limuru, muri [[Kenya]]. Nyuma yaje kuba umwarimu mu cyongereza muri kaminuza ya Saskatchewan<ref>https://www.umusingi.org/archives/13241</ref>. Mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali (KIST) Jolly Mazimhaka yari afite imyanya myinshi, harimo: * Umwarimu mu Cyongereza * Umwarimu muburyo bwubushakashatsi * Umuyobozi: Ubwishingizi bw'amasomo * Umuyobozi wungirije w'agateganyo: Ushinzwe amasomo Muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda (UNR)]] yari: * Umuyobozi: Ubwishingizi bw'amasomo * Umuyobozi: Kwigisha no Gutezimbere Kwiga Ni umwe mu bagize akanama k’abajyanama b’ikigo cya Akilah, ishuri ridaharanira inyungu ry’abagore i [[Kigali]], <ref>[https://www.akilahinstitute.org/leadership/ Rwanda Board of Advisors of the Akilah Institute]</ref> akaba n’umuyobozi w’uburinganire bwa ''Equality Power'', igikorwa gishyigikira imishinga y’imyitwarire kandi itandukanye muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Yabaye perezida wa Rotary Club Kigali-Virunga.<ref>https://www.oxford.co.ke/index.php?searchword=Jolly%20Mazimhaka&searchphrase=all&Itemid=136&option=com_search</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] ge9k47li2e0i5okkz7fl6yvygjg9kjl 0 10067 82209 82197 2022-02-27T10:16:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manasse Mbonye''' ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'inyenyeri wavukiye i Gahini, mu [[Rwanda]] . Kuri ubu ni umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’inama y’igihugu y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga i [[Kigali]] . == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Ababyeyi ba Mbonye (Reuben Rwabuzisoni, papa) bari abarimu. Amashuri yisumbuye yayize mu ishuri rya Nyakasura muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . Yize muri Fourah Bay College muri [[Siyera Lewone]], nyuma abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Connecticut mu 1996. Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. Impamyabumenyi kuri “Gravitational Perturbations of Radiating Spacetimes” <ref>https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0010006</ref> yaje gushinga no gukora muri “Rwanda Education Reconstruction Effort” (RERE) byamuhesheje impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri 1996. "Graduate of the Year" muri kaminuza ya Connecticut. <ref>http://articles.courant.com/1996-05-19/news/9605190171_1_doctorate-sierra-leone-disability</ref> == Ubushakashatsi == Mbonye yari afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza ya Michigan kandi yari umwarimu mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Rochester kugeza mu 2011. Yakoze kandi ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’indege cya NASA Goddard kiri i Greenbelt, muri Maryland nk’umwe munama nkuru y’ubushakashatsi ku rwego rw’igihugu . Mbonye yagize uruhare runini muritheoretical physicsl, harimo na Mbonye-Kazanas yerekana imyobo yumukara idasanzwe, <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</ref> cosmology hamwe ningufu zijimye, nicyitegererezo cyinkomoko ya M - sigma . <ref>https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0304004</ref> Kugeza ubu Mbonye ni Visi-Recteur ushinzwe amasomo muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, na RIT-NUR Umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Rochester. == References == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] bctq1h45y2n1s2bpz80qcb1z2ccs4hw 0 10068 82210 82198 2022-02-27T10:28:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline Muna Musiitwa''' ni umunyamategeko mpuzamahanga akaba n'impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi muri Afurika, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w’ishami ''ry’imari Deepening Uganda'' [[Ubugande|,]] umuryango udaharanira inyungu ugamije korohereza serivisi z’imari ihendutse mu gice kinini kandi kirimo abantu benshi ba Uganda. <ref name="1R">http://fsduganda.or.ug/</ref> <ref name="2R">http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:TM034mysUyAJ:fsduganda.or.ug/profiles/jacqueline-musiitwa/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us</ref> Yashyizwe kuri uwo mwanya muri Kamena 2017. <ref name="3R">https://www.society-search.com/news/article?id=349</ref> Yavuye muri FSD Uganda muri Gashyantare 2019. <ref name="4R">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Jacqueline-Muna-Musiitwa-profile/434746-4973518-mfty5r/index.html</ref> == Uburezi == Musiitwa yabonye impamyabumenyi ye ya mbere, Impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu bumenyi bwa politiki n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Davidson, i Davidson, muri Leta ya Carolina y’Amajyaruguru, muri [[Amerika]], arangiza mu 2003. <ref name="5R">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJacqueline_Musiitwa2019">Jacqueline Musiitwa (2019). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacquelinemusiitwa/#experience-section "Jacqueline Musiitwa: International Lawyer"]. [[LinkedIn]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Yimukiye muri kaminuza ya Melbourne, i Melbourne, muri Ositaraliya, arangiriza aho afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya Juris mu 2006. Yabonye kandi Impamyabumenyi mu by'amategeko, yakuye muri Australian National University, i Canberra . Yabonye kandi amahugurwa y’ubucamanza n’ubucuruzi yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’i La Haye (Impamyabumenyi mu Mategeko Mpuzamahanga Yigenga, mu 2009), Ishuri ry’Ubucuruzi rya Oxford Said (Porogaramu ya Archbishop Tutu Leadership Fellowship Program, muri 2011) na Harvard Kennedy School of Government (Uburezi Nshingwabikorwa mu Isesengura rya Politiki rusange, muri 2012). == Umwuga == Jacqueline Musiitwa ashinzwe gucunga umufatanyabikorwa wa Hoja Law Group, afite ibiro mu mujyi wa New York na [[Kigali]], washinzwe mu 2008. <ref name="6R">https://www.ictsd.org/about-us/jacqueline-muna-musiitwa</ref> Yakoze mu bihe byashize, mu gihe cy'imyaka hafi ibiri, nk'umujyanama mu by'amategeko wa Perezida wa Banki y'Ubucuruzi n'Iterambere, ufite icyicaro i [[Nairobi]], muri Kenya. Mu myaka hafi ibiri mbere yibyo, yabaye umujyanama w’umuyobozi mukuru w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, kwishyira hamwe kw’ubukungu n’imiyoborere y’isi. <ref name="6R" /> Kuva muri Nzeri 2010 kugeza mu Gushyingo 2011, Musiitwa yabaye Umujyanama wa Minisiteri y'Ubutabera mu Rwanda n'Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru bw'u Rwanda, ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi n'ishoramari. == Ibindi bitekerezo == Yakoze kera nka Adjunct Professor of Law muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] . Ni umwe mu bagize komite ngishwanama ya politiki y’ifaranga mu Nama ya Banki ya Zambiya . Ni umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya Crisis Action, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ugamije kurinda abaturage amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro. Madamu Musiitwa ni umuhanga mubucuruzi bwa Afrika. == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] mrgglck4e4axs445qc7z0p7t49v6hyx 0 10069 82211 82199 2022-02-27T10:35:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uzziel Ndagijimana''' ni umuhanga mu bukungu w’u Rwanda wabaye Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi muri guverinoma ya [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] kuva mu 2018. <ref name=":0">https://mobile-reuters-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1HE08H?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQCCAE=#referrer=https://www.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251$s&ampshare=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-economy/rwandas-president-names-new-finance-minister-in-reshuffle-idUSKBN1HE08H</ref> <ref name=":1">http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?id=12&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=665&cHash=037640c4bf62c4aca3044121e01d7128</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Ndagijimana afite impamyabumenyi ya PhD m'ubukungu, yabonye muri 1998 yakuye mu Ishuri ryUbukungu rya Warsaw . <ref>https://www.theigc.org/person/uzziel-ngagijimana/</ref> == Umwuga == Ndagijimana yatangiye umwuga we wo kuba umwarimu mu ishami ry’ubukungu, ubumenyi bw’imibereho n’imiyoborere muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] mu 1999. Mu 2002, yimukiye mu myanya y'ubuyobozi ya Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. <ref name=":2">https://live.worldbank.org/experts/uzziel-ndagijimana</ref> Ndagijimana yabaye umuyobozi w’ishuri ry’imari n’amabanki i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]], kuva 2002 kugeza 2007 nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi wungirije wa kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda kuva 2007 kugeza 2011. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">https://www.theigc.org/person/uzziel-ngagijimana/</ref> Ndagijimana yari umunyamabanga uhoraho wa Minisiteri y’ubuzima, Repubulika y’u Rwanda kuva muri Gicurasi 2011 kugeza Nyakanga 2014. Yabaye kandi Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe igenamigambi ry’Ubukungu muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN). Mu nama rusange ngarukamwaka ya Afreximbank i [[Abuja]] yo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 25, Kemi Adeosun, minisitiri w’imari wa Nijeriya, yasimbuye Ndagijimana nk'umuyobozi w’inama y’amabanki. <ref>https://www.today.ng/business/finance/kemi-adeosun-elected-afreximbank-board-chairperson-132840</ref> Ku ya 7 Mata 2018, Ndagijimana yagizwe Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi mu Rwanda na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] . Ndagijimana kandi yabaye Umuyobozi w'Inama Ngishwanama ku bukungu ya Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda. == References == [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] knz377vs1fyl3fs0vh2077kxa5ol81b 0 10070 82212 82200 2022-02-27T10:38:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faustin Ntezilyayo''' (wavutse ku ya 20 Kanama 1962) ni Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga / Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'u Rwanda akaba na Perezida w'Inama Nkuru y'Ubucamanza kuva ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019, asimbuye Sam Rugege washoje manda ye mu Kuboza 2019. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/12/who-is-the-new-chief-justice-of-rwanda/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Ntezilyayo yavutse ku ya 20 Kanama 1962 mu [[Kamonyi District|Karere ka Kamonyi]] y'ubu. Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mategeko yakuye muri kaminuza ya Antwerp (mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]), masters mu mamategeko (LLM) mu mategeko y’imari yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Buruseli (Ububiligi), Master of Arts in international affairs (Politiki y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga), yakuye muri kaminuza ya Carleton ([[Kanada]]); n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza y'u Rwanda .]] == Umwuga == Ntezilyayo yatangiye umwuga we wo kuba umwarimu mu ishami ry’amategeko muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda mu 1986. Yabaye Intiti yigishaga mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’amategeko rya Duke (USA), 1999 (USA); Umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Ottawa (Kanada), (2007-2008); n'umujyanama muri Banki y'Isi ; Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) n'Ikigo cy'Umuryango w'Abibumbye gishinzwe Amahugurwa n'Ubushakashatsi (UNITAR). Ntezilyayo yakoraga mu myanya itandukanye muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Yabaye Minisitiri w’ubutabera <ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-monthly-information-report-2</ref> kuva Ukwakira 1996 kugeza Mutarama 1999; Visi Guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (2000-2003); Umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa mu Rwanda RURA (2003-2005); n'Umujyanama Mukuru mu by'amategeko muri Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi (1996). Azwi kandi n'abikorera, kuba yarabaye Umuyobozi wa Banki iciriritse (ni ukuvuga AGASEKE BANK), (2011-2013) n'umukemurampaka. Ntezilyayo yari umucamanza w'urukiko rw'ubutabera rwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kuva muri Mata 2013 kugeza muri Werurwe 2020. Yarahiriye kuba umucamanza mukuru w’u Rwanda ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019<ref>https://icsid.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2020_Aug_19_ICSID_10.pdf</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] 8zf2z80nz5fywdy6hbd3atfwfhvlb8a 0 10071 82213 82201 2022-02-27T10:40:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anastase Shyaka''' ni umurezi akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], wabaye Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze, muri guverinoma [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’u Rwanda]], kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018. <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref> <ref name="2R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Mbere yuko ashyirwaho , yari umuyobozi mukuru w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi y'u Rwanda RGB. <ref name="3R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/07/new-law-on-religious-institutions-due-next-week/</ref> Yakoraga kandi nk'umuyobozi mu Ikigo gishinzwe gukemura amakimbirane muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . Ubu yagizwe umujyanama wihariye w'uturere tubiri two mu burengerazuba ni ukuvuga Akarere ka Nyamasheke na Rusizi amakuru amwe yemeza ko ariho kavukire.  == references == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] 5m5lltflxh5xusm461wy1qub0dmk6ag 0 10072 82214 82202 2022-02-27T11:45:18Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Twagirumukiza''' (wavutse 1973, avukira mu [[Rwanda]] ) ni umuganga ukorera mububiligi akaba n'umushakashatsi mukuru w’ubuvuzi mu bijyanye nama farumasi ,cardiovascular and hypertension research, epidemiology, electronic health records, real world data / real world evidence and semantic web technology in health sciences. . Ni umuyobozi wa World Wide Web Consortium Healthcare Schema Vocabulary Community Group. <ref name="ScheMed">[https://www.w3.org/community/schemed W3C Healthcare Schema Vocabulary Community Group]</ref> == Uburezi == Twagirumukiza ni umuganga kandi yarangije impamyabumenyi ya PhD muri farumasi y’ubuvuzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ghent, mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu 2010. == amasomo == Yabaye umuganga mu bitaro bya kaminuza y'u Rwanda i [[Butare]], Intara y’Amajyepfo [[Rwanda|y’Urwanda]] akaba n'umwarimu mu cyahoze ari ishami ry’ubuvuzi muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] kuri ubu izwi ku izina rya College of Medicine and Science Science muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] kuva 2001 kugeza 2005. Yari kandi umwarimu mu mashuri abiri y’ubuvuzi yo muri Afurika (u Rwanda, u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Mozambike]], na [[Kenya]] na yandi) kuva 2001 kugeza 2013. Kuri ubu akora nka mwarimu wubuvuzi na farumasi muri kaminuza ya Ghent kandi akora mubushakashatsi butandukanye bwubuvuzi nubuzima: Clinical Pharmacology na Clinical Trials, <ref name="pmid25369200">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219663</ref> ubuzima rusange, <ref name="pmid21144194">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2991737</ref> ubushakashatsi rusange , <ref name="pmid19861610">https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.2009.09-0109</ref> nubushakashatsi bwamavuriro . <ref name="pmid17266564">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_HIV_Research</ref> <ref name="atmph2008_1">https://doi.org/10.4103%2F1755-6783.43071</ref> ubushakashatsi bwumutima nimiyoboro y'amaraso (cyane cyane umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso hamwe no gukomera kwa arterial muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara ), kubona imiti (kuboneka, gutera inkunga no gutanga amasoko, ibiciro kandi bihendutse, amabwiriza na politiki) mubihugu byinjiza amafaranga make., <ref name="access-to-medicines">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_for_Access_to_Essential_Medicines</ref> <ref name="pmid20070634">https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3156.2009.02453.x</ref> n'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze . <ref name="pmid20336148">https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjhh.2010.32</ref> == Ibikorwa bya web semantique hamwe nakazi == Yagize uruhare mu myubakire yamakuru rusange asanzwe <ref name="CIMv2">[http://www.srdc.com.tr/projects/salus/blog/?p=342 Common Information Model of SALUS]</ref> yakoreshejwe na semantique layer mumushinga SALUS. <ref name="salus">[http://www.salusproject.eu SALUS EU FP7 Project]</ref> SALUS isobanura "Urwego ruringaniza, rushingiye ku mikoranire ishingiye ku bushakashatsi burambye bwo Kwiga ku Isoko". Intego yacyo kwari ugutanga imyirondoro yimikorere ituma habaho guhanahana amakuru yubuzima bwa elegitoronike, ibisubizo bisobanutse bifasha gusobanura neza inyandiko zahinduwe, umutekano n’ubuzima bwite byerekana ko inyandiko z’ubuzima bwa elegitoronike zisaranganywa mu buryo bw’imyitwarire n’umutekano, urwego rushya. kubintu byafunguye-byigihe gito byavumbuwe kubushakashatsi bwumutekano hejuru ya sisitemu no gushyira mubikorwa byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa bifasha gukoresha kabiri inyandiko zubuzima bwa elegitoronike hamwe namakuru yukuri kwisi / ibimenyetso bifatika kwisi kubushakashatsi bwumutekano nyuma yisoko. Twagirumukiza nuwashinze World Wide Web Consortium Healthcare Schema Vocabulary Community Group. <ref name="ScheMed">[https://www.w3.org/community/schemed W3C Healthcare Schema Vocabulary Community Group]</ref> == Imiyoboro == Twagirumukiza ni umunyamuryango wa societe siyanse harimo na komite ishinzwe umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso mu bubiligi, <ref name="bhc">http://www.belhypcom.be/</ref> n'abandi. Ku mugabane wa Afurika azwiho no mu bikorwa bya siyanse harimo no mu bindi bihugu bigize Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR), <ref name="pascar">http://www.pascar.org/</ref> Task Force ya Hypertension. PASCAR ni ishyirahamwe ryabaganga baturutse muri [[Afurika|Afrika yose]] igira uruhare mukurinda no kuvura indwara zifata umutima nimiyoboro yimitsi kandi ihangayikishijwe no kudatera imbere mugupima no kuvura neza indwara zifata umutima nimiyoboro muri Afrika.Twagirumukiza kandi yari umwe mu bahanga batangije gahunda y’umuryango nyafurika wa Hypertension (AfSoH), <ref name="societies1">http://www.afsoh.com/</ref> ihuriro ry’inzobere mu buzima n’abashakashatsi bakora mu bijyanye na hypertension arterial ku [[Afurika|mugabane wa Afurika]] . == References == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Abaganga]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] obx3giuf3k7bkzfr8lcbdoemc16vu7q 0 10073 82215 82203 2022-02-27T11:46:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Marie Vianney Higiro''' (wavutse ahagana mu 1945) yari Umuyobozi w'Ibiro bishinzwe amakuru mu Rwanda (ORINFOR), isosiyete ya leta iyobora Radio Rwanda, Televiziyo y'u Rwanda ndetse n'ibitangazamakuru bigenzurwa na Leta muri Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]] . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Higiro yavukiye mu Rwanda ku butegetsi bw'Ababiligi mu 1945. Yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] . Nyuma, yize mu mahanga muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru]], arangiza impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza ya Texas muri Austin. == Genocide == Ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1993, Higiro yagizwe umuyobozi w’ibiro bishinzwe amakuru mu Rwanda na guverinoma ihuriweho na Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana. Yavuye i Kigali ku ya 9 Mata agera i Nairobi ku ya 10 Mata 1994 ubwo yimuraga ambasade y'Amerika. Yavuye i Nairobi yerekeza muri Amerika ku ya 19 Nyakanga 1994, umunsi yagombaga kurahira kuba minisitiri w’itangazamakuru muri guverinoma iyobowe na Faustin Twagiramungu. Mu gihe cy’intambara Higiro afashijwe n’imyizerere ye ishyize mu gaciro kandi abanzi be bagambiriye kumwica. Yahisemo gutoroka hamwe n'umuryango we wa hafi. == Nyuma y'intambara == Higiro yatuye muri Massachusetts maze aba umwarimu w’itumanaho muri kaminuza y’iburengerazuba bwa New England, i Springfield, muri Massachusetts .Muri Gashyantare 2008, ''ikinyamakuru Washington Post'' cyatangaje ko abategetsi b'u Rwanda basabye ko Amerika yafata Higiro kandi ikamushinja ko yatanze inkunga y'amafaranga abarwanyi b'inyeshyamba bo mu Rwanda bo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Nk’uko iyi raporo ibigaragaza, Higiro yemera ko ashyigikiye itsinda ryiswe "Rally for Unity and Democracy", icyo raporo yaranze nk 'umutwe wa gisirikare ugamije guteza ibibazo mu Rwanda." <ref>(https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/03/AR2009020303758.html?hpid=artslot)</ref> == References == [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] adj9ixmy3kkmohis6tyyy8o6ljouhzg 0 10074 82216 82204 2022-02-27T11:46:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silas Lwakabamba''' (wavutse 1947) ni umwarimu [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]] ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]] wabaye Minisitiri w’uburezi mu Rwanda kuva muri Nyakanga 2014 kugeza ku ya 24 Kamena 2015. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130620151023/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15281</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120725074916/http://www.ku.ac.ke/schools/graduate/images/stories/docs/presentation/mapping.pdf</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Silas Lwakabamba yavukiye kandi yiga mu gihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] . Yagiye muri kaminuza ya Leeds mu Bwongereza aho yize ibijyanye n’ubuhanga, arangiza BSc mu 1971 na PhD muri 1975. Nyuma yaje gusubira muri Tanzaniya aho yinjiye mu bakozi b'ishami ry'ubwubatsi muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam . Yabonye ubushobozi bwo kuba professor muri 1981, nyuma aba Umuyobozi w'ishami. Muri 1997, Silas Lwakabamba yabaye Umuyobozi washinze ikigo cy’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga cya Kigali mu Rwanda (KIST) [[Rwanda|,]] naho mu 2006, agirwa umuyobozi wa [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], ikigo cya Leta kinini mu mashuri makuru mu gihugu. Yakomeje kuri uyu mwanya kugeza igihe yagenwe muri Gashyantare 2013 nka Minisitiri w’ibikorwa Remezo muri Guverinoma ya Rwanda<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130620151023/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15281</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abarimu ba Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] 98nw3pjcgjwhha60biijqjp6ifnvza9 14 10075 82208 2022-02-27T10:10:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created page with "icyiciro kirimo abantu ndetse n'ibikorwa bifite aho bihuriye na Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki icyiciro kirimo abantu ndetse n'ibikorwa bifite aho bihuriye na Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda klzzgp86oindi37ja3vwqg3sgn1baxf 0 10076 82218 2022-02-28T09:04:24Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 create page wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Uwo ari we''' == Christelle Kabagire ni umugore wubatse akaba yarabaye nyampinga mu gihugu cy' [[Ubugande]] aho yarangirije amashuri ye mumwaka wa 2012 muri kaminuza ya Cavendish University arinaho yaboneye amahirwe yo kugaragaza impano ye yo kumurika imideri. Christelle Kabagire kandi akaba azwi nk' umunyamakuru wa RBA.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107920/uyu-mwana-ni-we-nasabye-kandi-uwiteka-yampaye-icyo-namusabye-miss-christella-wakoraga-kuri-107920.html</ref> == '''Ibikorwa bye''' == mu mwaka 2012 Christelle Kabagire yarangiye amashuri ye muri Cavendish University aho yabaye nyampinga kuri icyo kigo, Christelle Kabagire nyuma yuko impano ye igaragaye yo kumurika imideri yatangajeko nyuma yo gutsinda kaba nyampinga yahuye n' umugabo witwa Joram Muzira amabwirako kuko afite igihagararo cyiza yemeye kumufasha kubijyanye no kuba yamurika imideri ye, Christelle Kabagire kakomeje avukako uko yakomezaga amurika imideri arinako yarushagaho kubikunda cyane ndetse atangira kwigira byinshi kuri uwo mwaga. Christelle Kabagire yagaragaye mubinyamakuru birimo african women ko yitabiriye ibikorwa byo kumurika imideri mubihugu bitandukanye nk' [[Ubugande]], [[Namibiya]], na [[Zambiya]]. Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri ye Christella Kabagire yagarutse mu [[Rwanda]] mugushaka aho yakwimenyereza akazi k' itangazamakuru, aho yatangiye akora muri RBA aho yatangiye akora ibiganiro bitandukanye gusa akumvantabikunze cyane, nyuma nibwo yaje gutanga igitekerezo cyo gukora ikiganiro InStyle aho yaje kuberwa uburenganzira bwo gukora icyo kiganiro. intego nyamukuru y' ikiganiro InStyle ni ukuvuganira abahanga, abamurika ndetse n' abandi bari mu mwuga w' imideri mu imideri mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>http://igihe1.blogspot.com/2017/08/kabagire-umunyamideri-wagiye-mu.html</ref> Heart of Africa Cheerleaders yashizwe na Christella Kabagire, yatangajeko igihe yitabiriga umukino wa basikete muri Arena yaritegereje abona hari ikintu kibura, yego hari hari uburyo bw' imyidagaduro butandukanye gusa nanone akabona hari ikibura, yitegereje uburyo muri Arena ari haninini yabonyeko hacyenewe abantu batera abandi imbaraga mugushyigikira abakinyi, ndetse n' abakinyi ubwabo bari bacyeneye abantu babatera imbaraga babogeza kugingobatsinde. nyuma nibwo yakomeje umugambi we avugana n' ubuyobozi bwa Arena ndetse ashinga ikipe <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/heart-africa-keeping-spirit-sports-alive#:~:text=Christelle%20Kabagire%2C%20the%20manager%20and,to%20spice%20up%20such%20games. https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/heart-africa-keeping-spirit-sports-alive#:~:text=Christelle%20Kabagire%2C%20the%20manager%20and,to%20spice%20up%20such%20games.]</ref> == '''Ibihembo''' == Mu mwaka wa 2020 Christelle Kabagire yahawe igihembo cy' umwaka aho yatorewe muri the East Africa Fashion Awards nkumwe mubagore bambara neza muri East Africa cyangwa mururimi rw' [[Icyongereza]] nka " the East Arica's Most Stylish Female Host of the year" bikaba byarabereye muri Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzaniya]]. Christelle Kabagire yamenyekanye cyane kubwo ikiganiro cye gica kuri televiziyo y' u [[Rwanda]] cyitwa InStyle gicaho buri wa kabiri na buri wa gatatu, Christelle Kabagire yanejejwe cyane no kubona iki gihembo agira ati " nejejwe nuko ibyo nkora birebwa mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/makeda-christelle-nominated-regional-fashion-awards</ref> 7ge41kehxd08796cwb5u8pg51iutcv8 0 10077 82229 82223 2022-03-01T09:30:42Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 create page wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Uwo ariwe''' == Samuel Ntihanabayo ni umugabo w' umunyarwanda akaba ariwe muyobozi mukuru w' uruganda rwitwa Ingufu Gin Ltd.<ref>http://www.worldcompanieslist.com/rwanda/samuel-ntihanabayo-102761836</ref> uru ruganda rukaba ruherereye kumuhanda uva mumugi wa [[Kigali]] ujya mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] mu murenge wa Runda, [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo]]. <ref>http://www.ingufugin.com/contact.html</ref> uru ruganda rukaba rwaratashywe muri Nzeri 2021 aho rwuzuye rutwaye amafaranga ahwanye na miliyari eshanu(5) gusa nubwo uru ruganda rwatashywe muri 2021 rwari rwaratangiye gukora muri 2016 rutangira kwamamara kubwo gukora umwihariko w' ibinyobwa bitabonekaga kubwinshi ku isoko mu [[Rwanda]] kubwuko bwagombaga gutumizwa mu mahanga. Samuel Ntihanabayo yatangajeko inva n' invano yo kugira igitekerezo cyo gushinga uru ruganda ari ukubera ingendo zitandukanye yagiye akorera mubihugu by' amahanga ndets en' ibiganiro yagiye agirana nabandi bafite inganda zenga inzoga, yagiye akora izi ngendo abifashishijwemo n' urugaga ry' abikorera (PSF) mubikorwa iki kigo kijya gitegura mukoherereza abikorera bo mu [[Rwanda]] mu ngendoshuri mumahanga. mbere yuko Samuel Ntihanabayo atangiza uruganda rwenga inzoba yari umucuruzi usya ibigoriri bivamo ifu izwi nka kawunga.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/urugendo-rwa-ntihanabayo-samuel-watangije-uruganda-rwa-liqueurs-mu-rwanda</ref> == '''Ubushakashatsi''' == Mubishakashatsi bwakojwe na Samuel Ntihanabayo warusanzwe ari umucuruzi wacuruzaga ibintu yabaga yakuye mubindi bihugu, mubushakashatsi yakoze yasanze hakoshwa amadevizi menshi yohererezwa hanze. Yasanze ibicuruzwa byatumizwaga hanze byabaga bicye kandi bimaze kumenyerwa n' abakiriya bikabasaba gutegerereza ibindi kandi byaravaga kure, nyuma yo kubona izo mbogamizi zose Samuel Ntihanabayo yabonye izi mbogamizi mo amahirwe atangira gukora ingendo areba uko abandi bakora inzoga zo mubwoko bwa liqueurs kigirango nawe abashe kuba yashinga urwe ruganda. == '''Uko uruganda rwagutse''' == Samuel Ntihanabayo muruganda rwe Ingufu Gin Ltd yatangije abakozi 12 bakora ubwoko bubiri(2) bw' ibinyobwa gusa uko uruganda wagiye rukomeza kurushaho kwaguka bageze kurwego rwo gukora ibinyobwa birenze amoko icumi(10) kuburyo bageze kubakozi bagera mu 139 bahoraho ndetse n' abandi bazwi nkaba nyakabyizi bagera muri 60, Samuel Ntihanabayo yavuzeko gutanga akazi kubakozi bibafasha mu kwiteza imbere bo n' imiryango yabo ndetse no kuba bakwishyurira bana babo amashuri, ibi biri muri bimwe mubishimisha Samuel Ntihanabayo nkuko abivuga. <ref>https://www.topafricanews.com/2020/12/20/rwanda-ingufu-gin-ltd-sets-to-create-more-jobs-as-the-factory-expands-production-activities-to-new-building-soon/</ref> Nkumufatanya bikorwa w' [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] Samuel Ntihanabayo ashimira cyane imikoranire ye n' iy' akarere ndetse na guverinoma y' [[Rwanda]] yabafashije mu ishoramari ndetse no mukumuturima muri Rwanda day aho yaboneye amahirwe yo kuba yahura n' abandi bashoramari batandukanye, muri iyi gahunda ya Rwanda Day Samuel Ntihanabayo yaboneyeho amahirwe akomeye ko kumenyana n' umushoramari wo mugihugu cy' [[Ubufaransa]] ufite uruganda rukora umuvinyo mu karere kitwa champagne bakaba baragiranye amasezerano y' imikoranire kuburyo yatangira gukorera umuvinyo mu [[Rwanda]] bongere n' abakozi mu [[Rwanda]] kandi bibe aribwo bwambere umuvinyo w' imizabibu uzaba wengerwa mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/urugendo-rwa-ntihanabayo-samuel-watangije-uruganda-rwa-liqueurs-mu-rwanda</ref> == '''Ibihugu akorana nabyo''' == uruganda rwa Samuel Ntihanabayo nubwo rwatangiye ari uruganda rutoya gusa rwomeje kwaguka cyane. uruganda Ingufu Gin Ltd rubifashijwemo na leta yatangiye ibahugura ndetse inabashishikaririza gukora ibicuruzwa mvarwanda ndetse n' urugaga rw' abikorera, Samuel Ntihanabayo ashima cyane leta y' u [[Rwanda]] ndetse n' urugaga rwabikorera (PSF) kubwo inama bagiye bamugira, kurubu uruganda Ingufu Gin Ltd rufite ibikorwa byarwo mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse ibicuruzwa bibasha kuboneka mu [[Rwanda]] hose, Ingufu Gin Ltd kandi yabashije kwaguka kurwego mpuzamahanga kuburyo ibi bicuruzwa bibasha kugera mubihugu byo hanze nka [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Ubugande]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Uburundi]] ndetse no muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2020/12/21/uko-uruganda-ingufu-gin-ltd-rwarenze-urucantege-rugacuruza-nimahanga/</ref> == '''Inyungu Uruganda rwa Samuel Ntihanabayo rufite Leta y' u Rwanda''' == Taliki ya 09 Nzeri 2021 habayeho umuhango wo gufungura ku mugaragaro uruganda rwa Ingufu Gin Ltd ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|karere ka Kamonyi]], nyuma y' uruzinduko rwa Minisitiri w' ubutegetsi bw' igihugu Gatabazi Jean Marie Vianney aho yamaze icyumweru asura ibikora by' amajyambere ari nako ahura n' abaturage n' abayobozi bo munzego zitandukanye bo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo]], muri uru ruzinduko Minisitiri Gatabazi Jean Marie Vianney yashimiye Samuel Ntiihanabayo iterambere yazaniye intara akoreramo ndetse n' igihugu muri rusange. Samuel Ntihanabayo yavuzeko uruganda rwe ruzamufasha kwiteza imbere we n' umuryango we ndetse n' abakozi bakora muri urwo ruganda bdetse n' imisoro ya leta izajya iva muri uru ruganda. Minisitiri w' ubutegesti bw' igihugu muri uyu muhango yari aherekejwe n' abayobozi batandukanye bo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]] harimo guverineri wayo Alice Kayitesi n' abayozi b' ubuturere, abahagarariye abikorera muri rusange ndetse n' abahagarariye ingabo na polisi. Samuel Ntihanabayo akomeza gushimwa cyane kubwo uruganda rwe ruzafasha Leta guca inzoga z' inkorano, Minisitiri Gatabazi ashima cyane ko uru ruganda rwatanze akazi kubaturage benshi ndetse ko rwaje ruzamura iterambere ry' [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], Intara ndetse n' igihugu kubera imisoro rwinjiza nk' inyungu kuri Leta. <ref>https://igisabo.rw/2021/09/10/uruganda-ingufu-gin-ltd-ruje-gukemura-ibibazo-byaterwaga-nibiyoga-byibikorano-min-gatabazi/</ref> == '''Urutonde ry' ibinyobwa bikorwa na Ingufu Gin Ltd.''' == uruganda rwa Samuel Ntihanabayo rufite urutonde rw' ibinyobwa bitandukanye, bitewe n' ubwoko bw' ibinyobwa Ingufu Gin Ltd ikor akora ishyiramo ikigero cya arikoro ingana no hagati ya 40% na 42%.<ref>http://www.ingufugin.com/about.html</ref> bimwe muribyo harimo:<ref>http://www.ingufugin.com/product.html</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Izina !Ibipimo |- |New House Wiskey |750 ml |- |Home Town Brandy |750 ml |- |GS Rum |750 ml |- |Club Wiskey |750 ml |- |Nguvu Gin |750 ml |- |Rabbiant Gin |750 ml |- |Red Waragi |750 ml |- |Royal Castle Gin |750 ml |- |King Vodka |750 ml |- |Club Wiskey Small |250 ml |- |GS Rum |250 ml |- |Home Town Small |250 ml |- |King Vodka Small |250 ml |- |Red Waragi Small |250 ml |- |Medal Gin |250 ml |- |Royal Castle Gin |250 ml |- |Rabbiant Gin |250 ml |} == '''Kwamamaza''' == Muburyo bwo kwamamaza ibicuruzwa no kugurirango uru ruganda rukomeze kumenyeka no gukundwa cyane, ku italiki 02 Kamena 2021 uruganda Ingufu Gin Ltd rwagize umwe mubahanzi bazwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]] Eric Senderi Brand Ambassandor muburyo bwo kugirango akoreshe izina rye nkumuntu ufite abafana benshi mu gubafasha kumenyekanisha biruseho uruganda.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/106214/senderi-yagizwe-brand-ambassador-wuruganda-rwinzoga-106214.html</ref> == '''Ibihembo''' == italiki 31 ukuboza 2020, uruganda rwa Ingufu Gin Ltd rwatanze ikiganiro ku BTN cyitwa "ninde urusha undi" aho umuyobozi w' uruganda Samuel Ntihanabayo yahembye Mbonabucya Jean Pierre wahize abandi mu mwaka wa 2020 mukunywa, gukunda ndetse no gukundisha bandi ibinyobwa bya Ingu Gin Ltd. Mbonabucya Jean Pierre yahembwe amafaranga ibihumbi ijana, umupira wo kwambara, ingofero ndetse na bimwe mubinyobwa bwa Ingufu Gin ltd.<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2020/12/mu-mafoto-ingufu-gin-ltd-yahembye.html</ref> == '''References''' == nrh3qqdf7eustntk38dwj2bgb7w8ggj 0 10078 82222 2022-02-28T15:40:29Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1042551765|Banque Populaire du Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Banque Populaire du Rwanda Public Limited Company''' ('''BPR PLC'''; ),Yahoze ari '''Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA''', Ni Banki y'ubucuruzi ikorera mu rwanda kuva muri 1975. BPR yemewe na banki nkuru y'u Rwanda kandi ikurikiza amategeko agenga izindi banki mu gihugu.<ref>https://www.bpr.rw/</ref> == Incamake == BPR ni banki icuruza , itanga konti zo kuzigama no gukoresha bisanzwe, amakarita yo kubikuza no kuguriza, hamwe ninguzanyo. Banki itanga ibikoresho bya banki byabaguzi nka banki igendanwa muri telefone. <ref name="3R">https://www.rwandayp.com/company/2507/Banque_Populaire</ref> Muri 2016, BPR yakoresheje abakozi bagera kuri 1.400 icyo gihe. <ref name="4R">https://rw.kcbgroup.com/about-us/news-room/banking/kcb-group-plc-completes-acquisition-of-banque-populaire-du-rwanda-plc-bpr</ref> Ariko, nyuma yo kugurwa na Atlas Mara, hamwe no guhuza ubucuruzi na BRD, abantu bagera kuri 300 barahagaritswe. <ref name="5R">http://en.igihe.com/business/article/kcb-group-completes-acquisition-of-banque-populaire-du-rwanda</ref> == Amateka == Inkomoko ya banki irashobora guhera mu 1975, igihe Banque Populaire du Rwanda ya mbere yashingwaga mu mudugudu wa Nkamba, mu mujyi wa Kibungo, [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] . Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, andi mabanki menshi asa nayo yashinzwe hirya no hino. Mu 1986, Banques zitandukanye zigenga zashizeho umutaka witwa Union des Banques Populaires du Rwanda (UBPR). UBPR yakoraga nka banki ya koperative. Muri Mutarama 2008, nyuma y’imyaka 33 y’uburambe mu rwego rw’imari y’u Rwanda, UBPR yahinduwe ivuye muri banki y’amakoperative ihinduka banki y’ubucuruzi: Banque Populaire du Rwanda SA <ref name="6R">https://en.igihe.com/business/article/banque-populaire-du-rwanda-plc-announces-changes-in-its-personal-banking-loan</ref> Muri Kamena 2008, Rabobank, ihuriro ry’amabanki y’amakoperative y’Ubuholandi, yaguze 35% y'imigabane muri BPR. <ref name="7R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/bpr-reports-rwf38bn-after-tax-profit-2020</ref> Muri Nyakanga 2012, Visa Inc. yemeje ko banki itanga amakarita yo kubikuza hamwe n'amakarita y'inguzanyo. <ref name="8R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/188468</ref> Muri Mutarama 2016, Atlas Mara yarangije kugura imigabane igenzura BPR nyuma yo kubona imigabane ku banyamigabane bariho <ref name="9R">https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/rwanda-approves-purchase-of-banque-populaire-du-rwanda-by-kcb/k8sexy2</ref> no guhuza banki n’ubucuruzi bw’amabanki y’ubucuruzi bwahagaritse Banki y’iterambere ry’u Rwanda BRD. <ref name="10R">https://eng.inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63344/atlas-mara-in-deal-to-buy-rwandan-bank-63344.html</ref> Muri Mata 2019, Itsinda rya Equity Bank Group, ihuriro rya kabiri mu masosiyete manini muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ryashyize ahagaragara gahunda yo kugura 62% bya Banque Populaire du Rwanda, mu kugabana imigabane na Atlas Mara Limited . <ref name="11R">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/78404/banki-y-abaturage-78404.html</ref> == Nyirubwite == muri 2016 imigabane yayo yari ihagaze gutya:<ref name="12R">https://ar.umuseke.rw/banque-populaire-yahujwe-na-brd-biba-banki-imwe.hmtl</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+'''Banque Populaire du Rwanda Gutunga''' ! style="width:2em;" | Urutonde ! Izina rya nyirubwite ! Ijanisha nyirizina |- | 1 | Atlas Mara Limited |<center> 62.1</center> |- | 2 | Haguruka BV |<center> 14.6</center> |- | 3 | Abandi Banyamigabane Bake |<center> 23.3</center> |- | | '''Igiteranyo''' |<center> '''100.00'''</center> |- |} == Umuyoboro w'ishami == Kugeza muri Werurwe 2019, Banki Populaire du Rwanda yagumanye umuyoboro w’amashami agera kuri 200 yuzuye, hamwe na ATM zirenga 100 mu [[Rwanda|turere twose two mu Rwanda]] . <ref name="13R">https://ar.umuseke.rw/banque-populaire-na-brd-zaba-zigiye-guhuzwa-zikaba-banki-imwe.hmtl</ref> <ref name="14R">http://www.en.umuseke.rw/bpr-bank-robbery-in-ruhango-distinct.html</ref> == Imiyoborere == Ibikorwa bya Banque Populaire du Rwanda bigenzurwa ninama yubuyobozi yabantu icyenda ihagarariye ibikorwa byubucuruzi, imishinga, ibyago hamwe numuyoboro wishami, iyobowe numuyobozi mukuru. Umuyobozi mukuru uriho ubu ni Maurice Toroitich. <ref name="15R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/featured-banque-populaire-du-rwanda-opens-two-new-branches</ref> Umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi ni Njuguna Ndung'u . <ref name="16R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222799</ref> Ibikorwa bya buri munsi bya banki bicungwa nitsinda ryabanyamuryango icumi, riyobowe numuyobozi mukuru, Maurice Toroitich. == References == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Banki zo mu Rwanda]] ezw4315w0s0ysdy0m0bqspjlq8vzlx6 0 10079 82224 2022-02-28T15:59:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1007042083|Ecobank Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecobank Rwanda''', amazina ye yose ni '''Ecobank Rwanda Limited''', yahoze ari '''Banki y’Ubucuruzi, Iterambere n’inganda (BCDI)''', ni banki y’ubucuruzi mu [[Rwanda]], ibifitemo uruhushya kandi ikagenzurwa na [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], banki nkuru n’umuyobozi ushinzwe amabanki y’igihugu. <ref name="3R">https://www.rwandayp.com/company/2502/Ecobank_Rwanda</ref> == Aho biherereye == Icyicaro gikuru cya Ecobank Rwanda n’ishami rikuru rya banki biherereye hafi ya KN3 Avenue mu karere ko hagati y’ubucuruzi bw’umujyi wa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Imiterere ya geografiya yicyicaro gikuru cyabanki ni 01 ° 56'49.0 "S, 30 ° 03'38.0" E (Ubunini: -1.946944; Uburebure: 30.060556). <ref name="4R">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google</ref> == Amateka == Ecobank Rwanda yashinzwe ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2007, ubwo Ecobank International yaguraga '''Banki y’ubucuruzi, iterambere n’inganda (BCDI)''', banki y’ubucuruzi mu Rwanda yari yarananiranye. Mugihe cyo kugura, BCDI yari ifite 46% yumwirondoro winguzanyo idakorwa, ntiyashyizwe mumitungo mike kandi ifite imiyoborere mibi no kugenzura imikorere bidahagije. Ba nyir'ubwite bashya bagombaga gushora US $ 11.6 mu mari shya, kugirango babone ibisabwa. <ref name="5R">https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ecobank-rwanda-s-ellevate-programme-to-empower-women-led-businesses</ref> == Abanyamigabane == Urubuga rwa interineti rwa Ecobank ruvuga ko iyi banki ari ishami rya 100 ku ijana rya Ecobank Transnational Incorporated (ETI), ihuriro ry’imari muri Afurika rifite icyicaro i Lome, muri Togo, rikaba rifite ibikorwa mu bihugu 36. <ref name="6R">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/ecobank-injects-new-capital-into-rwanda-tanzania-units-1373370</ref> == Inama y'Ubutegetsi == Kuva mu Kuboza 2016, aba bakurikira bari mu Nama y'Ubuyobozi ya Ecobank u Rwanda: <ref>https://www.ecobank.com/rw/personal-banking/countries</ref> # Vianney Shumbusho: Umuyobozi # Efurayimu Turahirwa: Umunyamuryango # Ivan Twagirashema: Umunyamuryango # Ibironke Wilson: Umunyamuryango # Rose Gakuba: Umunyamuryango # Alice Kilonzo-Zulu: Umuyobozi. == Itsinda ry'ubuyobozi == Nkubu mu Kuboza 2017, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Ecobank Rwanda yari Alice Kalonzo Zulu. <ref name="2R">https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.ecobank_rwanda.ff753efd8e88611892296dccca823d8e.html</ref> <ref name="7R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/ecobank-only-bank-provides-canal-subscription-services</ref> == Amashami == Kuva mu Kuboza 2016, Ecobank Rwanda yakomeje amashami 16 akomatanya mu gihugu hose. Ukuboza 2017, banki yatangiye gufunga amashami yo hejuru no kohereza serivisi mubakiriya ba banki ikoresheje banki digitale. <ref name="7R" /> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Banki zo mu Rwanda]] 8dxxm93e2314molpb2hhzbryqniysg9 0 10080 82225 2022-02-28T16:20:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1056291319|VugaPay]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''VugaPay''' ni serivisi yo kwambukiranya imipaka ifitwe na Vuga Ltd, isosiyete yo mu [[Rwanda]] . Iremera ubucuruzi n’abakoresha guhererekanya amafaranga muri sisitemu nkuru yishyura, harimo imiyoboro yamakarita yinguzanyo, amafaranga ya terefone igendanwa na Bitcoin ukoresheje porogaramu isaba serivise, porogaramu ya terefone igendanwa, cyangwa urubuga. Yatunganije ibicuruzwa bisaga miliyoni 5 muri 2016. Kuva mu Kuboza 2016, VugaPay itanga ubwishyu bwihuse no kuva ku imiyoboro 40 itandukanye mu [[Rwanda]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], Niger, [[Malawi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], [[Gana]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Zambiya]]. <ref>https://thegsm.co/index.php/2016/10/09/kigali-rwanda-vugapay-rwandas-largest-mobile-money-startup/</ref> <ref>http://www.africanews.com/2016/08/09/vuga-pay-in-rwanda-changing-mobile-money-market-grand-angle//</ref><ref>http://disrupt-africa.com/2016/07/8-startups-raise-funding-at-speedupafrica/</ref> == Serivisi == VugaPay ni serivisi yo kwambukiranya imipaka ituma ubucuruzi n'abakoresha bahinduranya amafaranga muri sisitemu nkuru yo kwishyura. Ikurikiza uburyo bwubucuruzi busa nka PayPal . VugaPay yisobanura nk'umufuka wa digitale. Abayikoresha biyandikisha kandi bashiraho konti batanga amakuru yibanze namakuru ya konte ya banki ukoresheje porogaramu zabo zigendanwa, USSD kuri terefone ziranga cyangwa kurubuga rwa VugaPay bashobora kubona abandi bakoze konti. Inshuti n'abakira ibikorwa mushobora kubibona mukoresheje nimero ya terefone, izina rya VugaPay, cyangwa imeri.<ref>https://ktpress.rw/2017/05/how-rwandan-college-brothers-coded-their-way-to-silicon-valley/</ref><ref>https://ktpress.rw/2017/05/how-rwandan-college-brothers-coded-their-way-to-silicon-valley/</ref><ref>https://ktpress.rw/2017/05/how-rwandan-college-brothers-coded-their-way-to-silicon-valley/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] 78hunjti33sb2i13ctmunay8vc1ibdx 0 10081 82228 82227 2022-03-01T03:12:58Z StatGuru 10701 wikitext text/x-wiki Shampiyona yu '''Indian Premier League''' ('''IPL''') ni shampiyona [[cricket]] yabagabo, irushanwa namakipe icumi ashingiye mumijyi icumi yo mubuhinde. Shampiyona yashinzwe n’inama ishinzwe kugenzura umukino wa Cricket mu Buhinde mu 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23931646/how-ipl-become-global-sports-giant|title=How can the IPL become a global sports giant?|access-date=20 February 2019|date=28 June 2018}}</ref> IPL ni shampiyona ya cricket yitabiriwe n'abantu benshi kwisi kandi muri 2014 yashyizwe kumwanya wa gatandatu nukwitabira imikino yose ya siporo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Big Bash League jumps into top 10 of most attended sports leagues in the world|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/big-bash-league-jumps-into-top-10-of-most-attended-sports-leagues-in-the-world-20160110-gm2w8z.html|author=Barrett, Chris|access-date=20 February 2019|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, IPL ibaye umukino wa mbere wa siporo ku isi watambutse kuri YouTube. <ref>{{cite news|title=IPL matches to be broadcast live on Youtube|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/content/story/445173.html|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Hoult, Nick|title=IPL to broadcast live on YouTube|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/twenty20/ipl/7033597/IPL-to-broadcast-live-on-YouTube.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/twenty20/ipl/7033597/IPL-to-broadcast-live-on-YouTube.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Telegraph UK|date=20 January 2010|access-date=20 February 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Agaciro ka IPL muri 2019 kari miliyari 6.3 US$.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ipl-brand-valuation-soars-13-5-to-rs-47500-crore-duff-phelps/articleshow/71197984.cms?from=mdr|title=IPL brand valuation soars 13.5% to Rs 47,500 crore: Duff & Phelps|last=Laghate|first=Gaurav|date=20 September 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> Habayeho ibihe cumi na bine byamarushanwa ya IPL. Abafite titre ya IPL iriho ubu ni Chennai Super Kings, batsinze shampiyona 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/ipl/ipl-2021-final-csk-vs-kkr-live-score-streaming-online-7571598/|title=IPL 2021 Final, CSK vs KKR Live Score & Updates: CSK win 4th IPL title as they defeat KKR by 27 runs|access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> one88ky108qrl1uxabfs7av78zinmq9 0 10082 82233 2022-03-02T17:27:52Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1066501937|John Rwangombwa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Rwangombwa''' n'umucungamari mu Rwanda, umunyapolitiki n'impuguke mu ma banki . Ni guverineri wa [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], banki nkuru n’umugenzuzi w’amabanki mu Rwanda. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161011042317/http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=80</ref> Yashyizwe kuri uwo mwanya ku ya 25 Gashyantare 2013. <ref>http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=80</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Rangombwa yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere, i Kampala, muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], arangiza impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi, yiga ibaruramari . <ref name="Him">http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/newfunct/pdf/bios.pdf</ref> Afite kandi Masters of Business Administration, kabuhariwe mu ibaruramari, kuva mu ishuri ry’imiyoborere rya Maastricht mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] . <ref>http://www.uneca.org/pages/panelists-biographies</ref> == Umwuga == Rangombwa yatangiriye mu [[Ikigo gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro mu Rwanda|kigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro]] mu Rwanda aho yazamutse ku ntera ya Komiseri wungirije wa gasutamo ushinzwe ibikorwa, akora muri urwo rwego kuva muri Kamena 1998 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2002. Yinjiye muri Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi mu 2002 nk'umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe umutungo. Mu 2005, yabaye Umucungamari wa mbere muri minisiteri. Nyuma y'uwo mwaka, yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho akaba n'umunyamabanga wa Leta. Mu 2009 yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi. Ku ya 25 Gashyantare 2013, Rangombwa yagizwe Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, banki nkuru y’igihugu. <ref name="Profile">https://www.weforum.org/people/john-rwangombwa/</ref> Muri urwo rwego, agenzura ivugururwa rya politiki y’ifaranga rya banki, yibanda ku guta agaciro kw’ifaranga no kurema igiteranyo cy’amafaranga, yatekereje ko hashyirwaho ihuriro ry’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika. <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Business/Rwanda-central-bank-inflation-policy-regime-/1433224-3964324-477g0lz/index.html</ref> Muri 2019, abaminisitiri b'u Rwanda bemeje kongererwa imyaka itandatu manda ya Rwangombwa yo kuba guverineri. <ref>Clement Uwiringiyimana (29 January 2019), [https://www.reuters.com/article/ozabs-uk-rwanda-cenbank-idAFKCN1PN19N-OZABS Rwanda cabinet extends central bank governor's term by six years] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref> == Izindi nshingano == * Inama Ngishwanama ya Perezida, Umunyamuryango * Ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi, umwe mu bagize akanama k’ibikorwa by’isi yose <ref name="Profile" /> * [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari|Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari]] (IMF), Ex-Officio Undi mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (kuva 2013) <ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx Members] [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF).</ref> * Banki y'Iterambere ry'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi (2008-2013) <ref>http://www.theafricareport.com/East-Horn-Africa/rwanda-we-have-reached-a-turning-point-in-the-economy-central-bank-governor.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 1ajbh06wy22o26zcf8rdlrrwo3tiuj6 0 10083 82234 2022-03-02T17:36:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1059327378|Marie-Christine Gasingirwa]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Christine Gasingirwa''' ni Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n'ubushakashatsi muri Minisiteri y'Uburezi mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="mineduc.gov.rw">http://mineduc.gov.rw/about-us/directorates/directorate-general-of-science-technology-and-research/</ref> == Uburezi == Gasingirwa yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Zoology na Biochemie, akurikizaho n’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu buhinzi bw’ibinyabuzima, na PhD muri Biomedical na Pharmaceutical Science. == Umwuga == Muri 2013, Gasingirwa yari Umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga cya Kigali i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda. <ref name="acu.ac.uk">https://www.acu.ac.uk/events/women-gender-leadership-higher-education/programme/</ref> Muri Mata 2013, Gasingirwa yavugiye mu ishyirahamwe rya za kaminuza za Commonwealth mu nama y'umunsi umwe yabereye muri kaminuza ya Nairobi ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: "Kuzamura uburinganire mu buyobozi no gucunga amashuri makuru". <ref name="acu.ac.uk" /> Muri Kanama 2016, Gasingirwa yari umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe imitunganyirize y’ishuri rya kane ngarukamwaka ry’Africa y’imyitozo ngororamubiri n’imyitozo ngororamubiri, ASP2016, ryabereye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] yavuze ku ruhare rw’uburezi nk'urufunguzo kugabanya ubukene n'ivangura " <ref>https://www.aps.org/units/fip/newsletters/201609/africa.cfm</ref> == Urundi ruhare == Gasingirwa ni Visi Perezida wa Komisiyo Nationale Rwandaise pour l'UNESCO (CNRU) (Komisiyo y'igihugu ya UNESCO) i Kigali. <ref>http://www.unesco.org/eri/cp/cp-nav.asp?country=RW&language=Fwww.unesco.org/eri/cp/cp-nav.asp?country=AO,+F</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Gasingirwa avuga [[Ikinyarwanda]], Icyongereza, Igifaransa na [[Igiswahili|Kiswahili]] . == References == [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] pwywlcuo119sgrddmk738fwzn1whlu8 0 10084 82235 2022-03-02T17:44:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1068964963|Vincent Munyeshyaka]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Munyeshyaka''' ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], yabaye minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Rwanda kuva ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. <ref name="Cab">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/219033/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu Rwanda kandi yiga amashuri yo mu Rwanda kugira ngo yige mbere ya kaminuza. Yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]], arangiza na Bachelor of Arts mu bukungu mpuzamahanga . Afite kandi Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ma Banki ("Diplome d'Etudes Superieures"), yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Tekinike ryigisha ibya ma Banki (Institut Technique de Banque), i Paris, mu Bufaransa. <ref name="Bio">http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/index.php?id=469&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=173</ref> == Umwuga == Munyeshyaka yakoreye muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda mu bihe byashize. Ariko mbere yari Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu muri minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’ibanze (Minaloc), kuva ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2016, <ref name="Up">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/204233/</ref> <ref>http://www.hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2795</ref> kugeza ku ya 31 Kanama 2017. <ref>http://mineacom.gov.rw/index.php?id=71&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=1017&cHash=f2f311c88d203b880e7782ae2b21353d</ref> Mu nshingano ashinzwe harimo (a) nk'umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe iterambere ry’isoko ry’imari muri [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]], Banki Nkuru y’igihugu n’umuyobozi ushinzwe amabanki y’igihugu, (b) nk'umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi muri Minisiteri y’Imari, n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu, <ref name="Bio" /> (c) nk'Umuhuzabikorwa w'Ubunyamabanga bw'Iterambere ry'Imari, <ref name="Bio" /> na (d) nk'Umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y'Ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda, kuva ku ya 10 Nzeri 2012, <ref name="Bio" /> kugeza ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2016 <ref name="Up" /> Muri Kanama 2017, guverinoma y'u Rwanda, yacitsemo ibice minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, inganda n’ibikorwa by’umuryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba, (Mineacom), yimurirwa muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga igice [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|cy’umuryango w’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika]] . hasigaye ari Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda (Minicom), aho Vincent Munyeshyaka ari minisitiri ushinzwe abaminisitiri . <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Rwanda-Kagame-cabinet-women/2558-4077764-71yir9z/index.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugabo]] [[Ikiciro:Impuguke]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] 9zk5nhb9csj4mzpeleh9xvnuhu3s2j4 0 10085 82236 2022-03-02T17:56:25Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1071596503|University of Global Health Equity]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza ya Global Health Equity''' (UGHE) ni kaminuza yigisha ubumenyi k'ubuzima mu Rwanda. Igikorwa cyabafatanyabikorwa Mubuzima, UGHE nikigo cyigenga, kidaharanira inyungu, ikigo cyemewe namategeko. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Catalytic bafashije gutangiza Kaminuza harimo: Fondasiyo ya Cummings, Fondasiyo ya Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates, na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Fondasiyo ya Cummings yatanze miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'icyiciro cya mbere cya Kaminuza kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya inkunga iva ahandi. <ref>http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director</ref> == Amateka == Muri 2013, guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa mu buzima batekerezaga kubaka ishuri ry'ubuvuzi iruhande rw'ibitaro bya Butaro . Muri icyo gihe, Joyce na Bill Cummings, bashinze Fondasiyo ya Cummings i Woburn, muri Leta ya Massachusetts, basuye [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo gushyira ibuye ry'ifatizo kuri Butaro Outpatient Cancer Infusion Centre, iyubakwa ryayo rikaba ryaratewe inkunga na Cummings Foundation. <ref>http://philanthropy.texterity.com/philanthropy/20140508?pg=11#pg11</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwabo, Cummings yasangije icyerekezo cyagutse cy’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi ryaba "pan-African" kandi rikaba rikubiyemo ubumenyi butandukanye bw’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bw’amatungo, amenyo n’ubuforomo. Paul Farmer yashubije iki gitekerezo yandika kuri imeri, ati: "Mbega icyerekezo cyiza, kandi gihuza n'icyerekezo cy'u Rwanda cyo gukurura abantu bubaka ubukungu 'ubumenyi' banatanga ubuvuzi." <ref>http://woburn.wickedlocal.com/news/20161003/cummings-foundation-hosts-rwandan-university-executive-director</ref> UGHE yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/paul-farmer-s-lifelong-dream-86915</ref> UGHE ni ubwoko bushya bwa kaminuza bwibanda ku gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwo mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’imibereho na sisitemu bitera ubusumbane n’imikorere idahwitse y’ubuvuzi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjournalofethics.2016.18.7.medu1-1607</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Ku ya 3 Mata 2017, UGHE yashyizeho uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]], MD, M (Ped), PhD, kuba Umuyobozi wungirije wa Kaminuza. <ref>http://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2017/04/06/ex-rwandan-minister-of-health-to-lead-partners-in-health-university/</ref> <ref>https://www.devex.com/news/a-call-for-implementation-science-and-systems-innovation-in-global-health-89872</ref> Nkumuyobozi wungirije wa UGHE, Porofeseri Binagwaho agenzura iyaguka rya gahunda z’uburezi n’ubushakashatsi bya Kaminuza, guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’isi, ndetse no kurushaho guteza imbere ikigo cya Butaro mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. === Master of Science in Global Health Delivery === Yatangijwe muri Nzeri 2015, Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MGHD) ni gahunda ya UGHE ishinzwe amasomo. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/mghd/</ref> === Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery === UGHE ihuriweho na Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery / Master of Science in Global Health Delivery (MBBS / MGHD) ni imyaka itandatu nigice, impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza hamwe n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ku rwego rw'ubuzima. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/bachelor-medicine-bachelor-surgery/</ref> === Amashuri Nyobozi === Amasomo yubuyobozi bwa UGHE ibyemezo biteza imbere abanyamwuga bakoresheje ubushobozi bukomeye hagati yo gushimangira uburyo bwo gutanga ubuvuzi. <ref>https://ughe.org/academics/executive-education/</ref> == Iterambere ryikigo == Muri 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cyayo cya mbere gihoraho i Butaro, mu Rwanda. Ikigo cyarangiye muri Mutarama 2019, ikigo cyafunguwe na Perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] . Iyi kaminuza irimo ibyumba by’ishuri, laboratoire yigisha, ikigo cyigana ivuriro, hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubuzima, hamwe nubuyobozi, amafunguro, namacumbi y'abakozi, abanyeshuri, nabarimu. Mugihe kaminuza ikura, ikigo cya kabiri kizubakwa i Kigali ahitwa Masaka. Kaminuza igizwe n'ibigo byuzuzanya mucyaro no mumijyi. Ukuboza 2016, UGHE yatangiye kubaka ku kigo cy’amasomo cya hegitari 250 cya Butaro, cyinjijwe muri gahunda yo gutanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze mu cyaro. Icyiciro cya mbere cyikigo cyafunguwe muri 2018 hamwe n’ibyumba by’ishuri, inyubako zubutegetsi, isomero, nuburaro. Ikigo cy’imijyi kizaba giherereye mu Murenge wa Masaka, mu Karere ka Kicukiro mu murwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. Usibye gukoresha ibigo bibiri byubuvuzi - Ibitaro bya Butaro n’ibitaro bya Masaka i Kigali - UGHE izakoresha imbuga zishyigikiwe na PIH hirya no hino mu Rwanda kugira ngo amahirwe menshi yo kwiga mu mavuriro no kubyara. Ibi bigo byateguwe na MASS Design na Shepley Bulfinch, kimwe mubigo byubatswe kera mubikorwa byubudahwema muri Amerika. <ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/work/design/university-global-health-equity</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7nkfgdhuzxofde38ru1z0k7tn56d4gl 0 10086 82354 82309 2022-03-28T09:04:36Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 wikitext text/x-wiki == Urubyiruko mu Rwanda == Muri 2012, Urubyiruko rwu Rwanda rugizwe na 40% yabaturage bagize i gihugu cy'u Rwanda aribo 4.1 miliyoni. Repuburika y'u Rwanda minisiteri y' u Rubyiruko, umuco na siporo isobanura ko urubyiruko ari hagati yimyaka 14 na 35. Nkibihugu biri munzira yamajyambere Abanyarwanda muri rusange ni bato. Abarenga 50% yabanyarwanda bari munsi yimyaka 20 nabafite hagati yimyaka 22.7. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_in_Rwanda#:~:text=Over%2050%25%20of%20the%20Rwandan,population%20within%20the%20capital%2C%20Kigali.] == Umurimo mu Rwanda == MIFOTRA igaragaza ko igipimo cy'ubushomeri mu Rwanda muri 2017 cyari kuri 17.8%, 2018 kiramanuka kijya kuri 15.1%, 2019 kigera kuri 15.2%, na ho muri 2020 kigera kuri 16%. Mu rubyiruko kuva muri 2017 igipimo cyari 21.3%, na ho muri 2020 kigera kuri 20.6%.Ni mu gihe kandi ubushomeri mu bantu barangije amashuri kaminuza muri 2017 cyari kuri 16.8%, muri 2020 kigera kuri 15.9%.Mu mwaka wa 2020 hahanzwe imirimo ibihumbi 223 mu gihe muri gahunda ya guverinoma y'imyaka 7 NST1 imirimo yagombaga guhangwa buri mwaka ari ibihumbi 214 ivuye ku bihumbi155 muri 2017.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/MIFOTRA-mu-ngamba-zo-guhangana-nubushomeri-mu-rubyiruko</ref> == Imishinga Igamije gufasha urubyiruko mu kwihangira imirimo == Mu rwego rwo guhangana nikibazo kibura ryakazi mu Rwanda urubyiruko rurasabwa guhanga umurimo. Hari imishinga itandukanye igamije gufasha urubyiruko mu guhanga umurimo. === [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|Akazi kanoze]] === Nyuma y'uko umushinga wabanyamerika witwa USAID uteye inkunda umushinga AKAZI Kanoze watangiye ufasha urubyiruko guhera mu mwaka wa 2015, aho bafashije urubyiruko rutandukanye mu bijyanye no kwiteza imbere ndetse no kubongerera ubumenyi nubushobozi mu bikenewe ku masoko. Akazi kanoze katangiranye n'urubyiruko rurenze ibihumbi bibiri harimo abahungu n'abakobwa, umusaruro byatanze nuko mirongo itandatu kwijana by'urubyiruko rwahuguwe babonye imirimo mu bigo bitandukanye hano mu Rwanda. Kuva yashingwa AKA yagiye ifasha cyane urubyiruko mu kubahugura mu bigendanye no kumenya ibikenewe kw'isoko ry'umurimo, kubona igishoro n'uburyo wakibyaza umusaruro, kwihangira imirimo, ubuvugizi ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije kongerera urubyiruko ubushobozi. Benshi mubafashishwe cyane nakazi kanoze harimo abakobwa bagera ku munani kwijana bahawe akazi nabandi badamu batabonye amahugurwa<ref>[[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)]]</ref>. === '''The Innovation Accelerator (iAccelerator)''' === The Innovation Accelerator (iAccelerator) ni gahunda y’imenyerezamyuga igizwe n’irushanwa ryagenewe urubyiruko hagamijwe guteza imbere umuco wo kwihangira imirimo mu rubyiruko ruhabwa ninkunga, namahugurwa ndetse nubumenyi. Iyi gahunda inashishikariza urubyiruko gutekereza mu buryo bwagutse ku bibazo bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere, ubuzima bwo mumutwe, kuboneza urubyaro ndetse n iterambere ryabaturage.<ref>http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/</ref> Binyuze muri uyu mushinga hari Amatsinda ane yabonye inkunga ingana n’amadorali ya Amerika 10,000 kugira ngo batangize ndetse banashyire mu bikorwa imishinga yabo.<ref>http://kiny.imbutofoundation.org/spip.php?page=rubrique&id_rubrique=15</ref> cjl3amdisnjo32292yk8gh0dimr1lig 0 10090 82254 82253 2022-03-11T13:26:33Z Ordnerud 10096 Redirected page to [[Kyiv]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kyiv]] a8gq4y5vk2j3v45v826e5mmarwsn1s8 0 10093 82275 82274 2022-03-13T17:46:06Z 177.73.101.159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Madagascar logo.png|thumb|250px]] '''''Madagascar''''' ni filime yo gusetsa yo muri Amerika yo muri 2005 yakozwe na DreamWorks Animation ikanatangwa na DreamWorks Pictures. Yayobowe na Eric Darnell na Tom McGrath (mu buhanzi bwa mbere bwa McGrath) kandi yanditswe na Mark Burton, Billy Frolick, Darnell, na McGrath. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, na Jada Pinkett Smith, bakavuga itsinda ry’inyamaswa zo muri Parike Nkuru ya Parike basanga bahagaze ku kirwa cya Madagasikari. [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 2c6syki5t5b8ntjtwc5ub50spkjkoxh 14 10094 82282 2022-03-16T14:00:43Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Ibinyabuzima" wikitext text/x-wiki Ibinyabuzima 6cllgcpf2y9hje7a63ddug5w0yq0gat 0 10095 82284 82283 2022-03-17T13:35:13Z Honorine Umutoni 10629 Created page wikitext text/x-wiki '''University of Kigali''' izwi nka kaminuza ya Kigali iherereye mugihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]], mumumujyi wa [[Kigali]]. University of Kigali Ikaba ibarizwa muri zimwe muri kaminuza zibarizwa mu [[Rwanda]]. == '''Ikigo''' == ikigo cya University of Kigali cyatangiye ibikorwa byacyo mu kwakira umwaka wa 2013 nyuma yo guhabwa ibyangombwa na leta y' u [[Rwanda]] byemerera ikigo gutangira imikorere yacyo nka kimwe mubigo byigenga by' amashuri mu [[Rwanda]]. University of Kigali ikaba ifite amashami abiri aho ishami rikuru riheherereye mumujyi wa [[Kigali]], irindi shami rikaba riherereye mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|ntara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda]]. <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/vision-mission/</ref> == '''Ibyiciro''' == University of Kigali ikaba ifite ibyiciro bitandukanye aho batanga ubumenyi butandujkanye mubyiciro bitatu, harimo icyiciro cyitwa Undergraduate, Graduate studies ndetse na Professional courses. intego nyamukuru ya University of Kigali ni ugutanga ubumenyi buhanutse buzafasha abanyeshuri baho ku isoko ry' imirimo. Icyiciro cya Undergraduate Program gikubiyemo amashami ane (5) aho abanyeshuri bahabwa impamyabushobozi ziri mubyiciro bitandukanye aribyo:<ref>https://uok.ac.rw/undergraduate-progs-cv-r/</ref> # School of Computing and Information Technology, <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/scit/</ref> #* Bachelor Degree with Honours in Computer Science. #* Bachelor Degree with Honours in Information Technology #* Bachelor Degree with Hnours in Business Information Technology # School of Business Management and Economics <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/sbm/</ref> #* Bachelor of Science with Honours in Finance. #* Bachelor of Science with Honours in Accounting. #* Bachelor of Science with Honours in Economics. #* Bachelor of Science with Honours in Marketing. #* Bachelor of Science with Honours in Procurement and Supplies Management. #* Bachelor Degree with Honours in Public Administration and Local Governance. # School of Education. <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/elementor-25798/</ref> #* Bachelor in Early Childhood Development Education. # School of Law. <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/sl/</ref> #* Bachelor Degree with Honours in Law. 5. Icyiciro cya Graduate studies kizwi cyane nka Masters Program gikubiyemo amashami atandukanye ariyo: <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/postgraduate-programs-2/</ref> * Master of Science in Finance. * Master of Science in Economics. * Master of Science in Information Technology. * Master of Science in Human Resource Management. * Master of Science in Project Management. * Master of Science in Business Information Technology. * Master of Science in Entrepreneurship. * Master of Science in Procurement and Supply Chain Management. * Master of Education Management and administration * Master of Commerce. * Master of Arts in Public Administration. * Master in Public Policy and Managemnt. * Executive Master of Business Administration. * Master of Business Administration in Acounting and Finance. * Master of Business Administration in Human Resource Management. * Master of Business Administration in Project Management. 6. School of Professional and Executive Programs zikubiyemo:<ref>https://uok.ac.rw/executive-and-professional-courses/</ref> # Examined by KASNEB and ICPAR. #* CPA (R) #* CPA (K) #* ACCA #* CSIA #* CIPS #* ATS #* CAT #* ATD #* CIPS #* CIA #* FIA #* IPSAS #* CIFA # Languages. #* English #* French #* Chinese #* Kinyarwanda #* Kiswahili # Short Courses. #* TOEFL #* TOIEC #* IELTS # Certificate in Computerized Financial Accounting System. == '''Ikoranabuhanga''' == University of Kigali ifite uburyo butangaje cyane bw' ikoranabuhanga kuburyo byorohera abashaka kumenya amakuru yose ajyanye na kaminuza ndetse n' abanyeshuri bahiga bakoresheje urubuga rwabo uok.ac.rw <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/</ref> ushaka kumenya amakuru cyangwa service zijyanye n' ibikorwa bya University of Kigali harimo ibisabwa mukugirango umuntu yemerwe kwiga muri University of kigali, <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/admission-requirement/</ref> uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha kwiga muri University of Kigali, <ref>https://mis.uok.ac.rw:8085/</ref> Aamafaranga y' ishuri kubanyeshuri ba East Africa, <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/payment-of-university-tuition-fees-per-module-2.pdf</ref> Amafaranga y' ishuri yishyurwa n' abanyeshuri babanyamahanga cyangwase International Students. <ref>https://uok.ac.rw/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Fee-structure-for-International-students-1.pdf</ref> University of Kigali ifite uburyo rwikoranabuhanga kuburyo abanyeshuri babona inyigisho muburyo buzwi nka E-Learning <ref>https://elearning.uok.ac.rw/</ref> ndetse abanyeshuri bakaba babasha gukora ubushakashatsi bwo mubitabo bitandukanye bakoresheje uburyo bugezweho bwa online Library Services == '''References''' == k1mea630s5hk0stfwl4n9gk0f5u2m73 0 10096 82286 2022-03-18T04:30:08Z 2600:8804:20F:C800:C8F7:881B:F06C:1A98 nanditse ingingo yo kuvura imisemburo ya bioidentical wikitext text/x-wiki ==== Ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza imisemburo ni ubuhe? ==== Hormone ikora nk'intumwa y'imbere hagati ya selile kandi igenzura imikorere itandukanye mumubiri wawe. Bashinzwe guhindura no guhuza ibikorwa byose mumubiri, kuva gukura no gusya kugeza kumutima, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, na libido. Nkigice byanze bikunze cyo gusaza, gukora no kwerekana imisemburo mumubiri bigabanuka uko umwaka utashye, bikaviramo kutagira imisemburo. Mugihe habaye imisemburo ya hormone, ibice byose byumubiri wawe bikora neza kandi mukibazo, bikaviramo kwiyongera ibiro, kubyimba, umunaniro, kunangira ingingo, no gutakaza imitsi. Ubuvuzi bwa Bioidentical hormone bwo kuvura ni uburyo bushobora kugabanya ibimenyetso biterwa no kugabanuka kwa hormone cyangwa kutaringaniza. Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwitabiriwe cyane vuba aha, urwego rwimisemburo yatakaye mumubiri wawe ruzuzuzwa ukoresheje imisemburo ya bioidentical ifite imiterere isa na hormone umubiri wawe usanzwe ukora. [[Dosiye:Testosterone.PNG|thumb|imisemburo [https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/276013 y'abagabo]]] ==== Ubwa mbere, imisemburo ya bioidentical ni iki? ==== Nkuko byavuzwe, imisemburo ya bioidentical ifite imiterere yimiti nki misemburo ikorwa numubiri wumuntu. Ijambo "bioidentical" ryerekeza cyane cyane kumiterere ya hormone aho kuba isoko ya hormone. Kugirango imisemburo yongerewe kugirango yigane imikorere ya hormone ya endogenous isanzwe ikorwa kandi igengwa mumubiri, imiterere yimiti igomba guhuza neza numwimerere. Imisemburo ya Bioidentical ifite imiterere nyayo yimisemburo ya endogenous kandi itanga igisubizo kimwe mumubiri. Imisemburo isa na bio harimo estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), na pregnenolone <ref>[https://www.vashanbioidenticalhormonetherapy.com/] ubwoko butandukanye bwa hormone bioidentical</ref>. ==== Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya hormone bioidentical na bioidentical hormone? ==== Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yo gutegura imisemburo karemano (bioidentical) na hormone itari bioidentical, ikurwa cyane muminkari yamafarasi atwite. Kurugero, iminyururu yo kuruhande irashobora kongerwa mumisemburo karemano kugirango ikore synthique, uwabikoze ashobora gukora patenti. Ibiyobyabwenge byemewe byunguka byinshi, bityo uruganda rukora ibiyobyabwenge rushobora gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi kubijyanye no gukoresha imiti. Ku rundi ruhande, imisemburo ya bioidentical ntishobora gutangwa, kandi umusaruro wabyo ntabwo wunguka ku masosiyete akomeye ya farumasi. Niyo mpamvu, ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse ku mikorere yabyo ni buke kubera ko ubu bwoko bwubushakashatsi buterwa inkunga ninganda zikora imiti. Itandukaniro ryimiterere hagati yimisemburo ya bioidentical na non-bioidentical irashobora kuba nyirabayazana yingaruka zabayeho mugihe utanga imisemburo itari bioidentical. ==== Ni izihe nyungu za BHRT? ==== Nkuko byavuzwe, imisemburo ya bioidentical ikoreshwa mubantu bafite imisemburo igabanuka no kutaringaniza. Ubusumbane bwa hormone bugaragara cyane cyane ku bagore kuri perimenopause cyangwa menopause, kandi ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugusubiza imisemburo ya hormone kurwego rwihanganirwa kumubiri wabo no kugabanya ibimenyetso byo gucura bikabije nko gushyuha, guhindagurika kumutima, kubira ibyuya nijoro, kongera ibiro, guhungabanya ibitotsi, no kubura kwibuka. Byongeye kandi, kuvura imisemburo birashobora kandi kugabanya gutakaza amagufwa, kuvunika, kubora amenyo, na diyabete. Byerekanwe kandi ko hrt ishobora kugarura ubuzima bwuruhu no kugabanya iminkanyari <ref>[https://journals.lww.com/clinicalobgyn/Citation/2004/06000/Skin_and_Hormone_Therapy.20.aspx] ingaruka zo kuvura imisemburo kuruhu</ref>. BHRT irashobora kandi kuzamura neza imibereho yabo nubuzima bwiza kubarwayi barwaye kanseri kandi barimo kuvurwa imiti ya chimiotherapie. Muri aba barwayi, imiti ya bioidentical hormone ivura irashobora kugabanya no kugabanya ibimenyetso nko kudasinzira, libido nkeya, kubabara umutwe, no kudacika intege, bikunze kugaragara nyuma yubuyobozi bwa chemo-ibiyobyabwenge <ref>[https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2015.33.28_suppl.87] bioidentical hormone therapy na kanseri y'ibere</ref>. ==== Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa no kuvura imisemburo ya bioidentical? ==== Kimwe nubundi buryo bwo kwivuza, imiti ya bioidentical hormone ivura nayo igira ingaruka. Zimwe muri izo ngaruka zigaragara kuko umubiri ukeneye igihe runaka kugirango umenyere kurwego rwo hejuru rwa hormone mumubiri. Rero, izi ngaruka nkumunaniro, acne, ubwuzu bwamabere, no kubyimba bizagabanuka kandi bishire. Ariko, hari ingaruka ziterwa na hormone runaka muburyo bwo gukora. Muri iki gihe, umufarumasiye akeneye guhindura imiterere no kwihanganira umurwayi. Ubuvuzi bwo gusimbuza imisemburo bugomba gutangizwa neza nyuma yubuvuzi bwumugore nimiryango. Umugore wese arihariye kandi azitabira kwivuza muburyo bwe. Gukurikiranira hafi no guhindura imiti ni ngombwa. sv2fjapk99czaqo7rvgczn8z8d217dz 0 10097 83198 83196 2022-05-09T12:13:12Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Kigalians-who-turn-up-for-the-newly-inaugurated-gisimenti-car-free-day-on-friday-.-craish-bahizi.jpg|Kigalians-who-turn-up-for-the-newly-inaugurated-gisimenti-car-free-day-on-friday-.-craish-bahizi.jpg]], it has been deleted from Common wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gisimenti''' ni ahantu hazwi cyane mu mujyi wa Kigali<ref><nowiki>https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-self-service-electric-bicycles-approved-in-kigali/#navbarToggler1</nowiki></ref>. Hazwi kw'izina rya [[Kigali]] Car Free Zone<ref><nowiki>https://vymaps.com/RW/Gisimenti-218950898241892/</nowiki></ref>. Gisimenti iherereye mu murenge wa Remera, hafi ya [[Stade Amahoro]] aha hantu uhasanga ibikorwa byu bucuruzi byinshi<ref><nowiki>https://allafrica.com/stories/202202230190.html</nowiki></ref>, nki cyicaro gikuru cya Airtel mu [[Rwanda]],Lando hoteri, Banki ya Kigali,Zigama Bank, ishami rya MTN. Gisimenti abantu bahurira hamwe bagamije kwishimisha<ref><nowiki>https://taarifa.rw/stromae-thrills-at-victoires-de-la-musique-show/</nowiki></ref> bagendeye kubyo bakunda<ref><nowiki>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gisimenti-ni-sodoma-mu-isura-nshya-cyangwa-ni-imyidagaduro-yaziye-igihe</nowiki></ref>. Gisimenti yamenyekane cyane kubikorwa bihakorerwa mu masaha ya nijoro. Ibyabereye <ref><nowiki>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/hagereranywa-n-ikuzimu-gisimenti-ikomeje-kurikoroza-bamwe-basaba-ko-hafungwa</nowiki></ref>Gisimenti mu masaha ya nijoro byagiye bivugwa cyane mubinyamakuru byandika no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref><nowiki>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/nyuma-y-amashusho-y-urukozasoni-ku-gisimenti-hafatiwe-ingamba-zikakaye</nowiki></ref> == References == https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/gisimenti-why-do-some-frown-idea-fun <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ahantu]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] rshc7jqtrvvkun8mw70ae0vwjag3gx8 0 10099 82310 2022-03-20T04:25:18Z 2600:8804:20F:C800:9D4:3300:A1C2:4D27 nateguye urupapuro rwo gushakisha moteri ishakisha wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Laptop Google Search.jpg|thumb|gushakisha kuri google]] Buri munsi, gushakisha hafi miliyoni 2 bikorwa muri Google kubijyanye nijambo "gushakisha moteri ishakisha" cyangwa SEO. SEO nuburyo bwose nuburyo bufasha kunoza urubuga rwawe muri moteri zishakisha nka Google kuburyo bizagaragara kurupapuro rwabo rwa 1 mugihe umuntu ashakishije serivise, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa ubucuruzi nkubwawe. SEO ifite ibice bitatu by'ingenzi, harimo; (1) ubushakashatsi bufatika kumagambo yingenzi azana traffic nagaciro kurubuga rwawe, <ref>[https://www.conductor.com/learning-center/keyword-research/] ni irihe jambo ryibanze</ref> (2) gutegura ibintu byiza-byiza byibanze kumagambo yibanze, kandi (3) kubaka imiyoboro ihamye kandi itekanye yinjira kurundi rubuga rwerekana umutungo wawe kumurongo. ==== Ibyibanze bya SEO kubafite ubucuruzi bwubusa ==== Dufate ko wafashe umwanzuro wo kugerageza umusatsi mushya. Iyo wanditse ijambo ryibanze "Umusatsi mwiza muri Omaha" mumasanduku yo gushakisha Google, Google izazana ibisubizo 10 kurupapuro rwa mbere. Birashoboka ko uzasiba ibisubizo byerekanwe kuri Yelp kurutonde no kwamamaza byishyuwe hanyuma ukande kuri imwe muri salon yogosha imisatsi cyangwa ibigo byerekanwe kurupapuro rwa 1. Birashoboka cyane ko utitotombera kujya kurupapuro rwa 2 cyangwa urupapuro rwa 3 hanyuma ugahitamo kuva kurupapuro rwa 1. Ariko, itandukaniro riri hagati yumusatsi utondekanya kurupapuro rwa 1 ntabwo arirwo rwego rwiza rwa serivise kurenza salon kurupapuro rwa 2 na 3, ariko uburyo bwiza bwabo bwo guhitamo "umusatsi mwiza muri Omaha" ijambo ryibanze, cyangwa ubwiza bwa SEO! Niba ushaka ubucuruzi bwawe cyangwa serivise yawe kugaragara kurupapuro rwa 1 rwa Google, ugomba guhindura urubuga rwawe ukoresheje tekinike ya SEO kugirango ubone urutonde rwa Google. ==== Ni izihe nyungu za SEO kurubuga rwawe rwubucuruzi? ==== Imyitozo yizewe kandi ikora neza ya SEO izamura imitekerereze yumutungo wawe kumurongo imbere ya moteri zishakisha nka Google, bityo moteri zishakisha zizashyira urubuga rwawe kumpapuro zisumbuye mugihe umushyitsi ashakishije ijambo ryibanze cyangwa ijambo, bihuye na serivisi isa cyangwa ubucuruzi nkubwawe. Muri make, SEO nuburyo bwo kwamamaza bwa digitale bwongera umubare wabasura - cyangwa abakiriya b'ejo hazaza - kumitungo yawe kumurongo wongera umwanya wacyo hamwe na moteri ishakisha <ref>[https://www.omahaseoagency.com/] (SEO) gushakisha moteri</ref>. ==== Nibihe bintu bitatu byingenzi byubushakashatsi bwa moteri yo gushakisha kurubuga rwawe? ==== Igice cya mbere kandi cyiza cyimyitozo myiza ya SEO kugirango uzamure urutonde ni ugukora ibintu byujuje ubuziranenge bishingiye ku bucuruzi bwawe cyangwa serivisi kugirango umenyeshe abashyitsi n'abakiriya bawe. Icya kabiri ni ugukoresha neza ijambo ryibanze mubirimo no ahantu h'ingenzi muri kode ya HTML, moteri zishakisha zishobora kubona byoroshye. Rero, mugihe umukoresha ashakishije ijambo ryibanze, Google izazana impapuro zitezimbere kuri ayo magambo yingenzi. Igice cya gatatu cyimyitozo ikomeye ya SEO nukubaka amahuza meza kandi akomeye yerekana kurubuga rwawe. Ihuza rirashobora kuva kurundi rubuga rwemewe kandi rufite akamaro kurubuga rwawe cyangwa rwubatswe hagati yurugo rwawe hamwe namakuru ya blog kurubuga rwawe. Ihuza ryo hanze n’imbere rishobora kunoza ikizere no kwizerwa kurubuga rwawe muri Google no kunoza urutonde. Ibisobanuro byinshi kubice bitatu byingenzi bigize SEO <ref>[https://www.attentionalways.com/guaranteed-google-first-page-ranking/] urutonde kurupapuro rwambere rwa google</ref> ==== 1) Ibirimo byujuje ubuziranenge birashobora kuzana abakiriya benshi kurubuga rwawe no kunoza urutonde. ==== Mugukora ibirimo, usangira amakuru nubumenyi kubicuruzwa byawe, ubucuruzi, na serivisi ushobora guha abakiriya bawe. Ibirimo byiza kurubuga rwawe bizafasha abashyitsi kumenya ibyo bakeneye no kumva uburyo ubucuruzi bwawe bushobora kubafasha gukemura ibibazo byabo.   Moteri zishakisha nka Google zizashyira kumurongo ibyingenzi kandi byujuje ubuziranenge kurupapuro rwo hejuru kugirango usubize ibyo abakoresha bakeneye hamwe namakuru meza kandi yingirakamaro. Rero, kugira ibintu byiza-byiza na SEO-byongeweho ibintu, birashoboka mugukoresha umwanditsi mwiza wumwanditsi, ningamba zingenzi kugirango urubuga rwawe rube rwiza kandi rushya mumaso ya moteri ishakisha. ==== 2) Ijambo ryibanze - Uburyo uvugana na SEO ==== Moteri ishakisha super-mudasobwa ibika ijambo ryibanze ninteruro abakoresha bashakisha mugihe bashaka amakuru yihariye. Muyandi magambo, ijambo ryibanze ni inyuguti zururimi rwa SEO. Rero, gutegura urutonde rwuzuye kandi rurambuye rwijambo ryibanze wifuza gutondekanya nintambwe yibanze muburyo bwiza bwogutezimbere SEO nibikorwa. Impuguke ya SEO ishakisha ijambo ryibanze kugirango umenye amagambo ninteruro abantu bakunze gukoresha kugirango bashakishe serivisi nibicuruzwa. Iyo urutonde rwijambo ryibanze rimaze gukorwa, bishyirwa mubice byingenzi byurubuga rwawe, harimo URL, imitwe, ibirimo, hamwe. ==== 3) amahuza - uburyo bwibanze bwurubuga rwisi ==== Imiyoboro yizewe kandi ikomeye iboneka kurubuga rwizewe rwerekana urubuga rwawe mugikorwa cyo kubaka. Ihuza kuva kurubuga rwizewe kandi rwukuri ruzamura umutungo wawe kumurongo agaciro, kwizerwa, no kwizera. Kubaka amahuriro meza kandi akomeye bifatwa nkintambwe igoye muri SEO ninzobere za SEO; biracyaza, nikintu gikomeye cyo gutondekanya muburyo bwa Google. Kubwibyo, ibyiza bya SEO bishobora kubaka imiyoboro yizewe kandi itekanye kurubuga rwawe birakwiye uburemere bwabyo muri zahabu! 4mqfuw60vjehxjabdx4kt9xjaoa6tyc 0 10100 83627 83199 2022-05-17T12:36:25Z Umurigirwa 10947 wikitext text/x-wiki Nshuti Divine Muheto wavutse mu 2003 Akaba Ariwe wegukanye Ikamba ikamba ry'umwamikazi wa Nyampinga w' [[Rwanda]] mu 2022,<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/and-miss-rwanda-2022-is-nshuti-divine-muheto/</ref>akaba yararangije amashuri yisumbuye. Nshuti Divine yaje nkuhagarariye Intara y'Iburengerazuba Muri Miss Rwanda 2022. Yabaye Umukobwa ukunzwe kurusha abandi kumbuga nkoranyambaga nka [[Facebook]], instagram na Twitter ndetse no kumajwi ya MTN Kubera uburanga bwe. Muheto yasimbuye Grace Ingabire ku ikamba rya nyampinga w'[[Rwanda|U Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/and-miss-rwanda-2022-is-nshuti-divine-muheto/</ref> == Ibihembo == [[Miss]] Muheto yahawe imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Hyundai akaba azajya ahabwa amafaranga asaga 800,000 ku kwezi yo kumufasha gushyira umushinga we mu bikorwa. Akaba Azabona inkunga y'amafaranga muri Afurika Yateza imbere Ibiribwa (AIF) u Rwanda k'umushinga we igiceri. '<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/divine-muheto-crowned-miss-rwanda-2022</ref> == Ibyo yavuze amaze kwambikwa Ikamba == Amaze gutsindira ikamba, yagize ati: "Ndumva nishimye n'umugisha kwegukana irikamba kandi ndashimira abanyarwanda muri rusange banshyigikiye. Muheto yavuze kandi ko azakora ubukangurambaga yaba mu mashuri, abana bagatangira gutozwa kwizigamira bakiri bato mu mu mushinga we Igiceri. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/divine-muheto-crowned-miss-rwanda-2022</ref> == _{<u>Ama Equipe afana</u>.} == Rwanda: Rayon sport fc hamwe na Rwanda national team.{Amavubi]. === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] 808fnrzfe6hyzvsubghiazlrm5s56f1 0 10101 82539 82538 2022-04-20T12:14:02Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 /* Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima == <blockquote>[[Dosiye:Umusambi Village.jpg|thumb|536x536px|Umusambi village]]Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ni ijambo ryavuye mu ndimi z'amahanga; mu cyongereza rikaba ari ([[:en:Biodiversity|biodiversity]]) cg biodiversité mu gifaransa, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibiriho byose cg ibifite ubuzima byose, nk'[[inyamaswa]] yaba utunyamaswa duto cg nini, ibiti bito kugeza kumashyamba akomeye ndetse n'abantu.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75T9mqpHllo</ref></blockquote> == Impamvu z'iyangirika ry'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima == Umuryango w'ihuriro ry'[[Igihugu|ibihugu]] riharanira kubungabunga ibidukikije (UICN) wakoze icyegeranyo, icyo cyegeranyo kigaragaza ko zimwe mu nyamaswa zugarijwe harimo izitwa Panda geant, Tamaraus zitarenze 400, Rhinoceros de java zizwi nk'inkura, [[inzovu]] zo muri [[Aziya]], leptodactyles des antilles zitageze kuri magana abiri. icyo cyegeranyo kandi kivuga ko n'[[Uruyuki|inzuki]] zitorohewe kubera ibihingwa biterwa imiti bikagira ingaruka ku buzima bwazo kuko zishakira ibizitunga ku bimera.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</ref> Ubuhigi bugikorwa mu [[Igihugu|bihugu]] byinshi n'ubwakozwe mu myaka yashize bwagize ingaruka ku nkwavu zagasozi. mu [[Rwanda]] kuri ubu kubona [[urukwavu]] rw'agasozi bishobora kuba umugani kubera ubuso bunini bw'ubutaka bukorerwaho ntizabona aho ziba aho zaboneka ni mu byanya bya [[pariki]] kuko ahandi zirahigwa. bigaragara ko umuntu ashobora kugira uruhare mu iyangirika ry'urusobe rwibinyabuzima kuko usanga umubare w'ibibura wihuta kuruta umubare w'ibivuka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</ref> Hari ingero zitangwa n'ibikorwa byaba rushimusi b'inyamaswa, [[uburobyi]] butemewe, ubucuruzi bw'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa z'ishyamba, gutema amashyamba bikirukana inyamaswa, gutwika amashyamba bigatuma inyamaswa zihiramo, gukoresha imiti y'uburozi. hari kandi kwiyongera kw'imiturire abantu bagasatira inyamaswa n'ibimera, imyuka ihumanya ikirere, indwara z'ibyorezo bigera ku nyamaswa bikazitsemba hamwe n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/article/menya-igitera-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-kuzimira</ref> == Ingaruka z'ikendera rya bimwe mu binyabuzima == Nkuko bigaragara mu nyigo yakozwe na World Wildlife Fund; iyangirika ry'ibidukikije cg urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu isi rishobora guhungabanya ikura ry'ubukungu bw'[[isi]] ku kigero cya 0.67 mu myaka 30 iri imbere, ubwo ni mu mwaka wa 2050.Mu ngano y'amafaranga agera kuri miriyali 368 z'amayero (Euro) niyo ashobora kuzajya agabanuka ku bukungu bwa buri mwaka hatagize igikorwa ngo bihinduke.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95416/ihungabana-ryibidukikije-rirongera-igabanuka-ryubukungu-bwisi-yose-95416.html</ref> == Uburenganzira bwa Muntu kubidukikije cg kubijyanye n'ibinyabuzima == Abahanga ku binyabuzima bavugako leta zigomba ko kurinda ibinyabuzima cyangwa se urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kwangirika ari uburenganzira bwabyo ndetse n'ubwa muntu muri rusange. <ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/icyo-rdb-ivuga-ku-rusobe-rwibinyabuzima-byisi-yejo-hazaza/</ref> Ibikorwa bigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije bihuzwa n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu mibereho ye itekanye, kubaho akikijwe n'[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]] bifite ubuzima buzima kandi bitanga umusaruro ndetse umuntu akabaho mu busugire. Nkuko umuyobozi wa [[IPRC Huye|IPRC]] Kitabi yabigaragaje hari igihe ubuzima bw'[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] ndetse n'abakozi ba pariki bavutswa [[ubuzima]] n'inyamaswa bakaba bavukijwe uburenganzira bw'[[ubuzima]] bakagombye kuba bafite. hari n'ibindi bikorwa byinshi biba bigamije kurengera ibidukikije bikabangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu mubijyanye no kubona ibimutunga, gutura n'ibindi.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iprc-kitabi-yatangije-isomo-rihuza-iby-uburenganzira-bwa-muntu-no-kubungabunga</ref> Nubwo hari ibikorwa bigaragara ko bishobora kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu mw'ibungabungwa ry'ibidukikije hari bimwe mu biteganijwe mu gufasha kumva ndetse no kwita ku burenganzira bwa muntu nko gushyiraho amasomo ajyanye no kumenya uburenganzira umuntu afite mw'ibungabungwa ry'ibidukikije nkuko muri [[IPRC Huye|IPRC]] Kitabi umuyobozi waho Richard Nasasira yabisobanuye. ikindi ni ikigega cyihariye cy'ingoboka (SGF) gifasha kwishura mugihe baba bonewe imyaka n[[Inyamaswa|'inyamaswa]] zo muri [[pariki]], mu gihe bakomerekejwe nazo se cyangwa mugihe hagizwe uwicwa cg agatwarwa ubuzima nazo.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/iprc-kitabi-yatangije-isomo-rihuza-iby-uburenganzira-bwa-muntu-no-kubungabunga</ref> == Ingamba zo Kubungabunga no Kurengera Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu Rwanda == Abahanga bavugako kugirango ibinyabuzima bibungabungwe ari ukwirinda ubushimusi bw'inyamaswa, kugabanya umuvuduko mu gutema ibiti, kwirinda ibihumanya ikirere, kwirinda kwangiza imigezi hajugunywamo imyanda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-rutabungabunzwe-uko-bikwiye-abantu-bashiraho-burundu-impuguke</ref> kuva ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2021; mu [[Rwanda]] hasohotse itegeko rigamije kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu igazeti ya leta. ibyaha byiganje muri iri tegeko birimo ibikibangamiye ubwisanzure bw'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi kuko usanga abaturarwanda bazifata nabi bityo uburenganzira bwazo ntibwubahirizwe. kugeza ubu nkuko ingingo ya 58 muri iri tegeko ibigaragaza kwangiza cg gutwara [[Igi|ig]]<nowiki/>i cg icyarire by'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi aba akoze icyaha iyo gihamijwe n'urukiko gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y'amezi atandatu ariko kitarenza [[Umwaka|imyaka]] ibiri n'ihazabu y'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]] atari munsi yibihumbi magana atanu ariko atarenze miliyoni imwe y'amafaranga y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/inyamaswa/article/igifungo-cy-imyaka-ibiri-ku-wangije-icyari-cy-inyoni-hasohotse-itegeko-riha</ref> == Reba == <references /> 1u35xhr10hhe6mzehedmbwqcnpfyazv 0 10103 82577 82463 2022-04-26T12:13:44Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb| Ibidukikije bya Gicumbi]] '''Green Gicumbi''' nu umushinga watangijwe na reta y'u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ' wo Gushimangira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntara y'amajyaruguru , ni umushinga w’imyaka itandatu wa leta watangijwe ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]], ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije mu Rwanda (FONERWA). ukaba ugamije gushimangira no guhangana ni ihunduka ry'ikirere mu Karere ka Gicumbi . <ref>https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1</ref> <ref>https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073</ref> <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/</ref> [[Dosiye:Mulindi13.jpg|thumb|Climate exposures in Gicumbi]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Mu mwaka wa 2018, imibare yavuye mu Rwanda Isuzuma ry’imihindagurikire y’ibihe hamwe na Raporo Yanyuma Raporo y’igihugu yerekanye ko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Gicumbi yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere mu ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu Rwanda. <ref>http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi</ref> Muri 2019, guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yakusanyije inkunga ingana na miliyoni 32 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kigega cy’ibihe by’ikirere kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa umushinga witwa "Gushimangira guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu baturage bo mu cyaro cy’u Rwanda" ryerekanaga umushinga wa Green Gicumbi. Umushinga wakozwe n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije-FONERWA. <ref name="fonerwa">http://www.fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi</ref> Uyu mushinga w'imyaka itandatu wibanda cyane cyane ku kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hongerwa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire , ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu mirenge icyenda igizwe n’imidugudu igera kuri 252 iri mu gice cya Muvumba B kandi ikagenerwa abagenerwabikorwa 150.000 na 380.000 mu buryo butaziguye. Imirenge ikubiye mu mushinga ni Rubaya, Cyumba, Kaniga, Mukarange, Rushaki, Shangasha, Manyagiro, Byumba na Bwisige. <ref>https://mwamba.rw/2022/01/27/green-gicumbi-project-is-expected-to-boost-economic-development/</ref> <ref>https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihe]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 54g0rv0h32cknwyc7j10nh9rbyhmr2c 0 10104 82336 2022-03-23T19:41:49Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Ikendera rya Bimwe mu Binyabuzima mu Rwanda]] to [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima]] han0hmgr8j12ah61rd00mvvl0txcpv2 0 10107 82359 2022-03-29T13:17:34Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Kaminuza yijyenga ya kigali]] to [[Kaminuza yigenga ya kigali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaminuza yigenga ya kigali]] i8xa5sqepa8yw0xehdvaq5ekr7invl5 0 10108 82364 2022-03-30T08:46:20Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== uducurama == ubusnzwe agacurama ini agakoko kabarirwa mutunyamabere tuguruka ni agakoko kadakunda kugaragara kumanwa cyane kuko bivugwako aribwo kaba gasinziriye.ubu bwoko bw'[[inyamanswa]] bwari bwarateye Impungenge ko bwari bwarazimiye ndetse mumwaka wa 2021 umuryango mpuza mahanga wita kurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima uzwi nka [[IUCN]] wari waradushyize<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/ubwoko-bw-uducurama-byakekwaga-ko-bwazimye-bwavumbuwe-mu-rwa..." wikitext text/x-wiki == uducurama == ubusnzwe agacurama ini agakoko kabarirwa mutunyamabere tuguruka ni agakoko kadakunda kugaragara kumanwa cyane kuko bivugwako aribwo kaba gasinziriye.ubu bwoko bw'[[inyamanswa]] bwari bwarateye Impungenge ko bwari bwarazimiye ndetse mumwaka wa 2021 umuryango mpuza mahanga wita kurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima uzwi nka [[IUCN]] wari waradushyize<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/ubwoko-bw-uducurama-byakekwaga-ko-bwazimye-bwavumbuwe-mu-rwanda</ref> kurutonde rw' [[inyamanswa]] zishobora kuzimira burundu kw'Isi hose kuko hari hashize imyaka isaga 40 ntawuraca agacurama iryera == Agashya k'uducurama == nyuma y'imyaka 40 hariho impungenge yuko ubu bwoko bwizi [[Inyamanswa|nyamanswa]] z'inyamabere butazongera kuboneka mu [[Rwanda]] nahandi kw'Isi. uzwi nka John Flanders uyobora umuryango mpuzamahanga urengera ubu bwoko [[Inyamanswa|bwinyamanswa]] ziri munyamabere yatangaje ko kongera kuvumbura iz' [[Inyamanswa]] ari ibyagaciro kuriwe ndetse nitsinda bakorana mu [[Rwanda]] kuva muri 2013 uyu muryango ufatanya nurwgo rw'Igihugu rushinzwe iterambere mu [[Rwanda]] RDB ndetse n'ishyirahamwe [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] rishinzwe kurengera ibinyabuzima mubushakashatsi bwo mwishyamba rya Nyungwe<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inyamaswa-yo-mu-bwoko-bw-uducurama-yasanzwe-mu-rwanda-nyuma-y-imyaka-40</ref> muri 2019 nyuma yiminsi 10 bari mubushakashatsi mubuvumo bwa nyugwe butandukanye nibwo aba bahanga baje kuvumbura ubu bwoko bw'inyamabere bufite imisurire nkiy'agacurama. gusa byabasabye imyaka 3 kugirango bagenzure neza ubu bwoko bushya bwavumbuwe babona kwemeza ko aribyo.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-53510175</ref> == Akamaro == abahanga bavugako uducurama muturemangingo tutugize harimo uturemangingo tudutera imbaraga<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/musanze-babangamiwe-n-uducurama-tumaze-imyaka-9-mu-buvumo-bwa-susa</ref> zo kwirinda virus iyo ariyo yose yica kuburyo dushobora kuyandura ariko ntidupfe kuko utwo turemangingo tuduha ubwirinzi budasanzwe burinda [[Inyamanswa|izinyamanswa]] kwibasirwa na Virus zica<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-53510175</ref> umushakashatsi Prof Emma Teeling wo muri Kaminuza ya college Dublin avugako utwo turemangingo twizi nyamanswa dufite ubudahangarwa bwo guhangana numubiri byafasha kandi mubuzima bwa muntu mugukoresha ubudahangarwa bw'ibinyabuzima mugukora imiti imwe nimwe yo kwirinda Virus zitandukanye nka COVID19 nizindi. == Reba hano == 8rbu98pbxjgincmgeqpix6f1x07ocla 0 10109 82367 82366 2022-03-30T12:51:49Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 add category wikitext text/x-wiki Green amayaga ni umushinga mugari igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] cyashyizemo imbaraga ugamije kubungabunga ibidukikije n'urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima biherereye mu gice cya amayaga intara ya amajyepfo mu turere dusanga tune aritwo gisagara , nyanza <ref>Nyanza: Hagaragajwe uruhare rw’abaturage mu gukumira ubutayu mu gice cy’Amayaga - IGIHE.com</ref>,kamonyi na ruhango . Mumushinga mugari wa green amayaga hari kwibandwaho gutera ibiti ku misozi ihanamye , kubungabuna imigeze ,no kubungabunga ishyamba ryakimeza ry kibirizi <ref>Umushinga wa Green Amayaga ugeze kuri 25% mu mwaka umwe umaze utangiye - Kigali Today</ref> == Intego z 'umushinga wa green amayaga == [[Dosiye:Ibiti.jpg|thumb|ibiti birenga miliyoni byatewe mu mayaga mu mushinga wa green amayaga]] Green amayaga ni umushinga watangiye ugikomeje mugihe ki imyaka 6 kuva 2020-2025 ukaba ugamije kuzahura ibidukikije by'igice cya amayaga haterwa abiti byubwoko butandukanye ibivangwa n'imyaka ni ibindi , kunungabunga inkengero z' imigeze ,ubukanguramba kubahinzi kubijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, gucurura imirwanya suri mu misozi ihanamywe iherere mu gice cya amayaga mu rwego rwo kwirinda amapfa yaterwa ni ibizaza bitandukanye harimo izuba ryishi n'imvura <ref>Abahinzi b’i Burasirazuba, Kigali n’Amayaga bagiriwe inama ku myitwarire mu mpera za Nzeri - IGIHE.com</ref>. == Ibimze kugerwa ku mushinga wa green amayaga == Ibikorwa byakozwe kuva umushinga ugitangira  hari ugutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka bisaga miliyoni n’ibihumbi 400, gutera ibiti byera imbuto ziribwa, gutera amashyamba ku misozi n’ibiti ku mihanda, gusana amashyamba kimeza arimo n’irya Kibirizi-Muyira, no kubungabunga inkengero z’imigezi., higishijwe na abaturage batuye igice cya amayaga imihingire irwanya isuri hongerwa umusaruro . mugukanguri abaturage mu gukoresha uburyo bwo gucana butangiza ibidukikije  hamaze gutangwa imbabura za rondereza zisaga ibihumbi 10<ref>Umushinga wa Green Amayaga ugeze kuri 25% mu mwaka umwe umaze utangiye - Kigali Today</ref> . == Amashakiro == [[Dosiye:Amayaga.jpg|thumb|Igice cya mayaga mu ntara y'amajyepfo ]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umushinga wo kurengera ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 1xelumpgbusaiyclauvwkyeaeye9du3 14 10110 82368 2022-03-30T12:52:33Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 rwanda wikitext text/x-wiki rwanda ibidukikije hldpzrmzxjgnrblnqeb478527iz2zax 0 10111 82377 82369 2022-03-31T05:27:35Z Billinghurst 1835 Billinghurst moved page [[GUTURITSA INTAMBI]] to [[Guturitsa Intambi]]: case wikitext text/x-wiki Guturitsa intambi ni bumwe mu buryo bukoresha mugihe hari gucukurwa amabuye atandukanye ,no muguturitsa ahantu hakomeye nko mu misozi , ubu buryo bwo gukoresha intambi bwangiza ibidukikije ndetse bukagiraingaruka mbi ku baturage baba begereye cyagwa batuye hafite yaho ziturikirizwa <ref>https://my250tv.com/2020/08/31/ikigo-gishinzwe-mine-gaz-na-peteroli-cyasobanuye-ibyabaye-ku-mashyuza-yi-rusizi/</ref> == Bimwe mu bice byo mu gihugu cy u Rwanda byagarage ikibazo k' ituritswa ry'intambi == Abaturage ba Jabana bo mu mugi wa kigali bagaragaje kubangamirwa ni ituritswa ry'intambi mu gihe hakorwaga umuhanda , mu murenge wa rusenge mu karere ka nyarugure <ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Bamwe-mu-batuye-muri-Nyaruguru-babangamiwe-no-guturitsa-intambi</ref>,mu karere ka Karongi na Rubavu naho hagararagara ikibazo k' iuritswa ry intambi ndetse ni ingaruka iturika rigira kubaturage <ref>Abangirijwe n’intambi mu gukora umuhanda Karongi-Rubavu bijejwe ingurane - Kigali Today</ref>. == Ingaruka ziterwa n' ituritswa ry intambi == * Abantu bahaburira ubuzima * Iyangirika ry' ibikorwa remezo * Isenyuka n' iyangirika rya amazu * Iyangirika ry ibidukikije<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Mont-Kigali-Urutare-rwa-Semafigi-rugiye-guturitswa</ref> * Kubura ubuzima rw'ibisobe bw'ibinyabuzima (inyamaswa , nu tundi dusimba tuba mu butaka )<ref>Abangirijwe n’intambi mu gukora umuhanda Karongi-Rubavu bijejwe ingurane - Kigali Today</ref> * Kwangirika kwimera * Nibindi ......................................<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/ikigo-gishinzwe-mine-gaz-na-peteroli-cyasobanuye-ibyabaye-ku-mashyuza-y-i-rusizi</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibyangiza ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 92lfhol6ighv7yfszx7qufoqat2sjsa 14 10112 82370 2022-03-30T14:02:10Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije c5unt9txh39n1524cus0lls7p9ue0bv 0 10113 82373 82371 2022-03-30T16:20:25Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 edit wikitext text/x-wiki Isuri ni kimwe mu bibazo byangiza ibidukikije mu Rwanda iki kibazo giterwa ni imvura nyishi kikaba gikunze ku boneka muri tumwe mu turere tw' uRwanda cyane cyane udifite imisozi ihanamye urugero nka Rulindo ndetse n' utundi dutandukanye <ref>Rwanda: Isuri ivuye ku mvura nyinshi yashenye byinshi inica abantu - BBC News Gahuza</ref> == Aho isuri ikunze kwibasira mu Rwanda == Mu Rwanda imiterere yarwo iratunganye hari igice cy' imisozi , utununga ,ibibaya , n'imisozi ihanamye n'ibindi bitandukanye . [[Dosiye:Isuri.jpg|thumb|isuri mu misozi ihanamye ]] Mu bice bitandukanye by' iguhu by 'umwihariko mu misozi ihanamye hagaragara isuri kurita ahandi harimo uturere twa nyamasheke , Rulindo , Rusizi hamwe nu utundi dufite imisozi ihanamye mu bice by 'iguhu bitandukanye <ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/itangazo-hateganyijwe-imvura</ref> . == Ingaruka z' isuri == Zimwe mu ngaruka z'isuri: * Iyangiraka ry'ibikorwa remezo nka imihanda ,amashuri ndetse n'ibindi * Isuri yangiza imyaka ya abaturage n 'imirima y'abo. * Kwangirika ku urusobe rw'ibimera * Hari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bipfa byishwe n'isure . * Isuri itera inkangu * Isuri ishobora kutere impfu z' abantu <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60429328</ref> * [[Dosiye:Ingaruka z'isuri.jpg|thumb|isuri yangiza ibikorwa bitandukanye by' abaturage]]Ni ibindi.............<ref>https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/ubutumwa-bugenewe-abaturarwanda-mu-gihe-cyimvura-yumuhindo-mu-rwego-rwo-kwirinda-ibiza</ref> == Uburyo wakwirinda isuri . == [[Dosiye:Uburyo bwo kwirinda isuri.jpg|thumb|Ibiti , amatarasi , ni ibyatsi bifasha kurinda isuri]] Mu Rwanda hamaze kugaraga ko isuri ari ikabazo hakozwe bimwe mi bikorwa byo kuyirwanya no kurengera ibidukikije n'urosobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange hacukurwa imiringoti , ibyobo bifata amazi , amaterasi yindinganire , hatewe ibiti n'ibyatsi bifata amazi , hakorwa imiyoboro ya amazi indi igenda isiburwa ndetse ni ibindi bkorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurwanya isuri no kubungabunga ibidukikije <ref>http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/inkangu-ntizikirangwa-ahashyizwe</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibyangiza ibidukikije]] bm8u53xum2umtujzy5fp4v9nogcendg 14 10114 82372 2022-03-30T16:02:30Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 add category wikitext text/x-wiki rwa thxxvjmszbnzcisnc8vcrp41hfod6v5 0 10116 82565 82380 2022-04-25T19:41:23Z MrTallBoy 9928 corrected errors wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] hahingwa bimwe mu bihigwa ngandura bukungu harimo icyayi gihingwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka nyaruguru]] umurenga wa munini . Mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka Nyaruguru]] hari ubuso  buhinzeho [[icyayi]] busaha ha  5777.5 n’inganda eshatu zitanga umusaruro  urenga toni 5600 z’icyayi gitunganije  hakaba harimo n'uraganda rwa munini tea plantation<ref>https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/1/ubutaka-butatangaga-umusaruro-bwashoweho-ubuhinzi-bwicyayi</ref> . == Uruganda rwa munini tea plantation == Uruganda [[Icyayi|rw'icyayi]] gitunganyirizwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka nyaruguru]] umurenge wa munini ni [[icyayi]] gikunzwe imbere mu gihugu akandi cyoherezwa no mu mahanga .[[Icyayi]] ni igihingwa ngandura bukungu gifite umumaro utandukanye byumwihariko ku bidukikije kuko gisigasira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kikongera ubwiza bwa aho gihinze <ref>https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/10/19/nyaruguru-abaturage-bafite-ubutaka-butabyazwaga-umusaruro-batangiye-gufashwa-kubuhingaho-icyayi/</ref>. == Ibyiza by 'icyayi mu murenge wa munini nyaruguru == Icyayi kigirira akamaro abahinzi mu kubaha amafaranga , ni kiza ku bakinywa ariko gifite akamoro ku bidukikije nu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/mu-myaka-10-nyaruguru-izaba-ifite-uruganda-rwa-kane-rutunganya-icyayi</ref> . Abakora ubuhinzi bw'icyayi bagaragaza iterambere na akamaro kacyo muri rusange nk 'uruganda rwa munini tea plantation rwahaye abaturage barenga 200 imirimo .[[Dosiye:Icyayi gitanga imirimo.jpg|thumb|icyayi ni igihingwa ngandura bukungu mu rwanda gitanda imirimo kuri benshi nko mu murenge wa munini mu karere ka Nyaruguru]] Mugusigasira ibidukikije icyayi kimwe ni bindi bimera muri rusange bigira akamoro kanini mu guhangana ni ihinduka ry'ikirere no mu kurinda ibiza no kurwanya isuri ku [[Umusozi|misozi]] gihinzeho<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/unilever-yumvikanye-nu-rwanda-gushora-m40-mu-buhinzi-bwicyayi-i-nyaruguru.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|thumb|icyayi gihigwa mu karere ka nyaruguru mu murenge wa munini]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 9y39p8s3wwktt2zbgyjudwvea0srj2a 0 10117 82382 2022-03-31T08:46:27Z Cnyirahabihirwe123 8645 Cnyirahabihirwe123 moved page [[Ministry of Education (Rwanda)]] to [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda]] d05gknu56y0m9drlvrvw2bbr24v4hnm 0 10118 83369 82758 2022-05-12T08:58:05Z Germain92 9488 #wiki for human light wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Iminyorogoto.jpg|thumb|[[Dosiye:Iminyorogoto.jpg|thumb|Iminyorogoto]]]] == Iminyorogoto == iminyorogoto ni udukoko tuba mumazi duto ariko dufite imisurire nkiy'inzoka abahanga bavugako iminyorogoto ari udukoko twingenzi kubuzima bw'abahinzi kuko bayifashisha bakoramo ifumbire yimborera bakayikoresha mugufumbira imirima yabo <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346463424_GUKORA_IMBORERA_IKOMOKA_KU_MYANDA_YO_MU_MUSARANI_HAKORESHEJWE_IMINYOROGOTO_Tiger_Worm_Toilet</ref> ndetse bikabongerera nubryo bwo kwiteza imbere mubuhinzi bwabo. == Imibereho Yiminyorogoto == iminyorogoto ikunda ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogire seliziyusi hagatiya 20-30 ubuhehere buzigwa neza ni hagati ya 60-70 /100<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346463424_GUKORA_IMBORERA_IKOMOKA_KU_MYANDA_YO_MU_MUSARANI_HAKORESHEJWE_IMINYOROGOTO_Tiger_Worm_Toilet</ref> == Akamaro kiminyorogoto == Mu [[Rwanda]] mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Musanze|musanze]] nihamwe muturere twamenye umumaro wo korora iminyorogoto<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gukora-ifumbire-yifashishije-iminyorogoto-n-utundi-dukoko-bimuteje-imbere</ref> nutundi dukoko dutandukanye tuva mumyanda kuko babibyaza umusaruro <ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/musanze-korora-innyo-amasazi</ref> == Ibyiza byiminyorogoto == iminyorogoto ifasha mu kongera ibudahangarwa bw'ubutaka kandi bavuga ko irya utu bagiteri<ref>https://mobile.twitter.com/kigalitoday/status/1379369905980596224?lang=ar-x-fm</ref> two mu misarani bikaba byafasha ko itakuzura vuba ubushakashatsi bwa korewe mu [[Rwanda]] bugaragaza ko kuba iminyorogoto kuba iba mu butaka bifasha ubutaka burimo imyunyu byinshi nabyo byakongera amahirwe yo kubona umusaruro.<ref>https://www.accessagriculture.org/node/21923</ref> == Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima == Bitewe nubushakashatse bwagaragajwe ko bimwe mubinyabuzima abantu bafata nkibitera isesemi cyangwa bisa nabi byangizwa<ref>https://twitter.com/yvesrug/status/1313384935948988417</ref> kandi muribyo harimo byinshi bifitiye ikiremwa muntu akamaro hafashwe ingamba zo kubungabunga ibinyabuzima muri Rusange ni mururworwego iminyorogoto nayo ikeneye kwitabwaho kuko nayo iri muribimwe mubyagaragaye ko bifitiye ikiremwa muntu akamaro kuko hari bamwe bamenye akamaro kayo bakayibyaza umusaruro bakoramo ifumbire yo gufumbira imirima yabo nibindi == Umusaruro == mu [[Rwanda]] umusore witwa Imbabazi Dominike Xavio utuye mu [[Akarere ka Musanze|Karere ka Musanze]] umurenge wa Nkotsi ni ummwe mubamenye akamaro k'Iminyorogoto ubwo yari arangije [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] nibwo yatangiye umushinga wo korora tumwe mu dukoko duto harimo iminyorogoto, amasazi ibinyamushongo,Inyo nibindi avugako akora ifumbire y'i[[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA|mborera]] mu minyorogoto akoresheje ibyo iyo minyorogoto yitumye kuko aba yayigaburiye ibishingwe bitandukanye byo mungo no mungarani. Xavio kandi avugako byamuteje imbere kuko agafuka kamwe k'iyo Fumbire kagura amafaranga 7500 kandi uje kwihugura amwishyura asaga 150 Rwf . nibyiza kuriwe no kubahinzi muri Rusange kuko ubusanzwe hakoreshwa toni 20 yifumbire kuri Hegitare mugihe iyi fumbire y'imborera yikorera hakoreshwa hagati yibiro 500 na Toni imwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gukora-ifumbire-yifashishije-iminyorogoto-n-utundi-dukoko-bimuteje-imbere</ref> kuri hegitare bikaba ari bimwe mu byatumye yiteza imbere kuburyo budasanzwe == Ishakiro == n43c7vt7850n86es2r6546bmjkb6l18 0 10119 82564 82388 2022-04-25T19:29:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 corrected errors wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibiti by'imigano.jpg|thumb|Imigano yatewe mu duce dutandukanye tw'uRwanda harimo kunkengero z'imigeze n'inzuzi ni ibiyaga na ahandi]] [[Dosiye:Akamaro k'imigano.jpg|thumb|Bimwe mu bikoresho byakozwe mu mugano ndetse ni imitako ]] Mu [[Rwanda]] hatangijwe uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije haterwa [[Igiti|ibiti]] by 'imigano, imigano miliyoni 3 imaze guterwa ku nkengero z’imigezi n’ibiyaga, ku buso bwa Hegitari 2,129 , muduce dutandukanye tw'igihugu harimo umwihariko mu nkengero z'imigezi , [[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga]], ibyuzi harimo umugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], n’Akanyaru,mu biyaga nki icya bugesera , ruhondo ,[[Ikiyaga cya Muhazi|muhazi]] na handi , no munkengero ya [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|pariki y'ibirunga]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Musanze-Imigano-yitaweho-yaba-igisubizo-ku-kwangiza-amashyamba</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/mu-rwanda-hagiye-kubakwa-uruganda-rutunganya-ibikoresho-mu-migano</ref> . == Akamaro k'igiti cy'umugano == Imigano ni biti byiza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no mu buzima bwa burimunsi bwa muntu kuko havamo ibikoresho bitandukanye . Imwe mu mimaro y'imigano<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangijwe-umushinga-wo-gutera-imigano-izajya-itunganywa-ikabyazwamo-ibindi</ref> : * Ibungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ni ibimera. * Imigano ifata ubutaka mu kurwanya isuri * Imigano ni ibiti bigira uruhare mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ibiza . * Imigano ikorwamo bimwe mubikoresho byifashishwa na muntu ;urugero nk'intebe ,ameza, imitako nibindi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/mu-rwanda-hagiye-kubakwa-uruganda-rutunganya-ibikoresho-mu-migano</ref>.... * Imigano ikoreshwa mu kubaka amazu <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-imigano-inaribwa</ref> == Umwihariko udasanzwe ku giti cy'umugano == [[Dosiye:Imigano ku mazi.jpg|thumb|Zimwe mu nkengero z'imigezi hateweho ibiti by'imigano.]] Mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nyuma yo kubyaza inyungu igiti cy'umugano noneho hagiye guterwa imigano iribwa nk'ibiryo ,nki ibintu bitari bimenyerewe ku bazi umugano banawubyaza inyungu .Abaryi bimigano mu bindi bihugu bavugako havamo ibiribwa bitandukanye biryoha <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/menya-byinshi-ku-kamaro-k-imigano-inaribwa</ref>. == Amashakiro . == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 7to9ttqwugc36pjl8nrlcxcdp5abk20 0 10120 82390 82389 2022-04-01T09:38:42Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 edit wikitext text/x-wiki Mu [[Rwanda]] munzuzi ibiyaga hakunze kuboneka icyatsi kitwa "AMAREBE' ni ikimera kimera mu mazi ibibabi byacyo bikazamuka ejuru ni indabyo siza nk'idoma . Mu karere ka Bugesera mu kiyaga cyohoha hagaragayemo icyi cyatsi kibi ku rusobe ry'ibinyabuzima biba mu mazi. Hatangijwe umushinga wo kurandura icyo cyatsi cy' amarebe mu karere ka Bugesera mu kurengera ibidukikije<ref>Bugesera: Umushinga wo gukura amarebe mu Kiyaga cya Cyohoha ya ruguru umaze gukura bamwe mu bukene - Kigali Today</ref>. == Ibibi by'amarebe . == Amarebe n'umwanzi w'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu biyaga, imigezi n'inzuzi. Amarebe yororoka vuba akareremba hejuru y'amazi agafunga imiyoboro y'amazi yo kuhira urusobe rw'ibimyabuzima ruri mu mazi rukazahara ,umusaruro w'amafi ukagabanuka n'amato ntagenda neza nk'uko bikwiye . Uko amarebe agenda agwira mu kiyaga byangiza ikiyaga kuko amarebe agenda aba meshi bigabanya ubwiza bw'amazi ku binyabuzima buri mu mazi bimwe bikanapfa . Amarebe nanone icyatsi kibi kica urusobe rw'ibimera gisanga mu mazi . == Igisubizo cyabonetse mu kubyaza umusaruro amarebe . == Mu murenge wa Gashora hari itsinda rya abagore ribyaza amarebe akamaro hakorwamo bimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwa ;harimo inkweto ,ibikapu ,inofero n'ibindi mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima <ref>Gashora: Amarebe yari ikibazo none yabaye igisubizo - Kigali Today</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Dosiye:Amarebe.jpg|thumb|Aya niyo marebe icyatsi kibi kica urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi ]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] 4f9gjgtwc8g5jk6fvmycnodrtyz0doi 0 10122 82393 2022-04-01T13:49:50Z Protais1 9980 i created an article wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Suburb of Kigali Rwanda June 2009.jpg|thumb|amazu yo ku Gisozi]] kigali wetlands relocations ni gahunda leta yihaye yo kwimura abantu batuye mu bishanga cyangwa ahantu hahanamye cyane<ref>Kigali to Complete Relocation of Households from Wetlands in Three Weeks – KT PRESS</ref> == AMATEKA == Iyi gahunda yabashije kwimura ibikorwa birenga ibihumbi birindwi (7000), harimo inganda, amazu y'ubucuruzi, amahoteli, n'amashuri.<ref>More factories to relocate from Kigali city wetlands | The New Times | Rwanda</ref> == References == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] qfmtytv43e0ask3mu9qb1mjpdh931c1 14 10123 82394 2022-04-01T13:55:29Z Protais1 9980 i created category wikitext text/x-wiki imishinga n'ibikorwa Leta itegurira abaturage kugirango inoze imibereho kexgui44o96o41bbiyof3sz2fqlppnt 0 10125 82396 2022-04-02T09:46:04Z Germain92 9488 Created page with "== Urugezi == urugezi n'igishanga giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Burera|Karere ka Burera]] muntara y'[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Amajyaruguru]] ni igishanga gifite ubuso bungana na Hegitare 124 mumyaka yo hambere abaturiye igishanga cya Rugezi bari barakigabije mubikorwa byinyungu zabo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abatarumvaga-impamvu-babuzwa-gukorera-mu-gishanga-cy-urugezi-ubu-bamaze-kubona-inyungu-zabyo</ref> == Akamaro k'ig..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Urugezi == urugezi n'igishanga giherereye mu [[Akarere ka Burera|Karere ka Burera]] muntara y'[[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Amajyaruguru]] ni igishanga gifite ubuso bungana na Hegitare 124 mumyaka yo hambere abaturiye igishanga cya Rugezi bari barakigabije mubikorwa byinyungu zabo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abatarumvaga-impamvu-babuzwa-gukorera-mu-gishanga-cy-urugezi-ubu-bamaze-kubona-inyungu-zabyo</ref> == Akamaro k'igishanga cya Rugezi == iki [[Umugezi|gishanga cya Rugezi]] nikimwe mubyanya bikomye kandi gifitiye igihugu ndetse nabaturage bagituriye akamaro kuko ari indiri yurusobe rw'[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]] nkazimwe munyoni,[[Imisambi ya Uganda|Imisambi]],incencebere nibindi binyabuzima bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.ikigega.rw/index.php?id=10&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=85&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=8dbc6ff1b6234d12106cc3279e18e559</ref> ikigishanga kandi kizwiho kuba ari isoko yamazi atanga amashanyarazi kurugomero rwa Ntaruka<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/amafoto-tujyanye-gusura-inyoni-mu-gishanga-cyurugezi.hmtl</ref> === Aho giherereye === Igishanga cya Rugezi gikora kumirenge myinshi itandukanye yo [[Akarere ka Burera|mukarere kaburera]] harimo nka Butaro,Rusarabuye,Rwerere Kivuye,Gatebe,Ruhunde, nindi yo [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Mukarere ka Gicumbi]] ariyo Nyankenke, na Miyove.<ref>https://www.ikigega.rw/index.php?id=10&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=85&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=8dbc6ff1b6234d12106cc3279e18e559</ref> === Reba === r6q9pp1bskhwa90r3eyhk7iaikjxxk8 0 10126 82397 2022-04-02T12:48:58Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1080032214|Illegal Fishing in Lake Kivu]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lake_Kivu_(20439784294).jpg|thumb| ikiyaga cya Kivu]] [[Dosiye:Traditionnal_fishing_boats_on_lake_Kivu_near_Goma_(20874500208).jpg|thumb| Kuroba mu kiyaga cya Kivu]] '''Kuroba mu buryo butemewe mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]]''' ni ibikorwa bitemewe byo gukura amoko atandukanye y’amafi ku mpamvu zitandukanye mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] . Ibikorwa byo kuroba bihungabanya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, niyo mpamvu leta yashyizeho amategeko agenga uburobyi. Abantu baturiye ikiyaga barashobora kuroba mu buryo butemewe kugirango bongere amafaranga kandi babone uburyo bwo kubaho ariko kurundi ruhande ibyo bigira ingaruka kubicuruzwa rusange by'amafi aturutse mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/72514</ref> Uburobyi butemewe muri [[Afurika]] ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zitera uburobyi kuko leta y'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rimwe na rimwe ihagarika ibikorwa by’uburobyi mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] mu gihe kizwi nka 'biology break', <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202110070045.html</ref> kandi kuroba cyane ni indi mpamvu itera indwara mu mafi. <ref>https://academic.oup.com/crawlprevention/governor?content=%2fcid%2farticle-lookup%2fdoi%2f10.1093%2fcid%2fcit559</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Muri 2018, hagaragaye ibibazo birenga 400 by’uburobyi butemewe n'amategeko ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] kandi kubera uburobyi butemewe bushingiye ku gukoresha ibikoresho byangiza, umusaruro w’amafi mu kiyaga cya Kivu wavuye kuri toni 24 199 muri 2017 ugera kuri toni 16 194 muri 2020 nicyo igipimo kinini cya 28% mu gihombo niko minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi biganisha ku Iterambere ry’Umutungo kamere yavuze. Hagati ya Gicurasi na Nyakanga 2020, ibiro bya polisi ishinzwe umutekano mu mazi mu [[Rwanda]] byatangaje ibirego 27 birimo 10 ba rushimusi batawe muri yombi bazira kuroba mu buryo butemewe. <ref>https://enactafrica.org/enact-observer/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu</ref> <ref>https://issafrica.org/iss-today/tipping-the-scales-of-illicit-fishing-in-lake-kivu</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 31qfmai1ca1a1l6zyzadr1m8ltupmvo 0 10127 82417 82398 2022-04-05T16:20:19Z I.S Aurore 10794 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1079845583|Diébédo Francis Kéré]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diébédo Francis Kéré''' (wavutse ku ya 10 Mata 1965) ni umwubatsi wa [[Burukina Faso|Burkinabé]], uzwiho guhanga ibikorwa bishya bikunze kuramba kandi bifatanya muri kamere. Yize muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Berlin, aba i [[Berlin]] kuva mu 1985. Mu buryo buhuye n’inyigisho ze, yashinze Fondasiyo ya Kéré (yahoze yitwa Schulbausteine für Gando), naho mu 2005 ashinga ''Kéré Architecture'' . Imyubakire ye yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga hamwe n'ibihembo birimo Aga Khan Award for Architecture (2004) ku nyubako ye ya mbere, Ishuri ribanza rya Gando muri Burkinafaso, ndetse na Global Holcim Award for Sustainable Construction 2012 Gold. Kéré yakoze imishinga mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Burkina Faso, Mali, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Togo, Sudani, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubusuwisi, Amerika, n'Ubwongereza. Muri 2017 Galeries ya Serpentine yamushinze gukora Pavilion ya Serpentine i Londres. Yakoze professor muri Harvard Graduate School of Design, Yale School of Architecture na Swiss Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio . Muri 2017 yemeye kuba umwarimu wa "Igishushanyo mbonera no Kwitabira" muri TU München (Ubudage). Mu 2022, yatsindiye igihembo cya Pritzker Architecture Award, umuntu wa mbere ukomoka muri Afurika akaba n'umwirabura wa mbere wabikoze. == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Kéré yavukiye mu mudugudu wa Gando, Burkinafaso . Niwe mwana wa mbere mu mudugudu woherejwe ku ishuri kuko se, umuyobozi w'umudugudu, yashakaga ko umuhungu we w'imfura yiga gusoma no guhindura amabaruwa ye. Kubera ko nta shuri ryabayeho i Gando, Kéré yagombaga kuva mu muryango we afite imyaka 7 yo kubana na nyirarume mu mujyi. Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yabaye umubaji kandi ahabwa buruse n’umuryango wa Carl Duisberg kugira ngo akore imyitozo mu Budage nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe imfashanyo ziterambere . Amaze kurangiza kwitoza, yagiye kwiga imyubakire muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Berlin, arangiza mu 2004. Mu masomo ye yumvaga ko ari inshingano ze gutanga umusanzu mu muryango we no ku baturage bari bamushyigikiye, no guha ab'igihe kizaza amahirwe yo gukurikiza inzira ye. Mu 1998, abifashijwemo n'inshuti ze, Kéré yashinze ishyirahamwe Schulbausteine für Gando e. V. (ubu ni Kéré Foundation), bisobanurwa ngo "Inyubako ya Gando", kugirango itere inkunga kubaka amashuri abanza kumudugudu we. Intego ye kwari uguhuza ubumenyi yakuye i Burayi, hamwe nuburyo gakondo bwo kubaka bwa [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] . Yarangije amasomo ye yubaka ishuri rya mbere i Gando nk'umushinga wa dipolome mu 2004, ari nako afungura ibiro bye bwite byubaka Kéré Architecture. == Umwuga == Kéré azwiho kugira uruhare mu mishinga ye no gukoresha udushya ibikoresho bya tekinike gakondo . === Kwigisha === Kéré yakoze nk'umwarimu muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Berlin . Mu mpeshyi ya 2012 yigishije muri kaminuza ya Wisconsin i Milwaukee, naho mu gatumba 2012 yari umwarimu wasuye Harvard . Yigishije kandi muri Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio . Kéré yemeye kuba professeur mushya wo gushushanya ibyubatswe no kwitabira kaminuza ya tekinike ya Munich muri 2017. Yahawe umwarimu wasuye Yale School of Architecture . Mu 2021, Kéré yafashe umwanya wo kuba umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Bauhaus i Weimar, mu Budage. <ref>Bauhaus University in Weimar (2021) [https://www.uni-weimar.de/en/university/news/bauhausjournal-online/titel/diebedo-francis-kere-is-the-bauhaus-guest-professor-for-the-20212022-winter-semester/ "Diébédo Francis Kéré is the Bauhaus Guest Professor for the 2021/2022 Winter Semester"]</ref> === Kubaka no gushushanya imishinga muri Gando === [[Dosiye:Gando_village.jpg|right|thumb| Gando, Burkina Faso]] Kéré yatangiye gukora igishushanyo mbonera cy'umudugudu yavukiyemo wa Gando ubwo yariyandikishije muri kaminuza ya tekinike ya Berlin. Inzira zifatika Kéré yatezimbere hamwe nabatuye Gando hamwe nubuhanga bushya, bwaho ndetse nibidukikije hamwe n' ibikoresho bakoze byatumye Kéré ahabwa igihembo cy' isi yose kubwubatsi burambye bwubatswe muri 2009. Ubwubatsi bwa Kéré bwatekerejweho kandi bwubatswe hifashishijwe abatuye umudugudu. Umudugudu uherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], ufite abaturage bagera ku 3000 baba mu kazu k’ibyondo batabona amazi cyangwa amashanyarazi. Icyegeranyo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe iterambere ry’abantu mu 2011, Burkina Faso nicyo gihugu cya 7 kidateye imbere ku isi. Benshi mu baturage ni abahinzi batunzwe, bakomeza guterwa nikirere kibi cyagabanije imvura hagati yUkwakira na Kamena, nubushyuhe bwo ku manywa bwa 45&nbsp;° C. ==== Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Gando ==== [[Dosiye:Primary_School_Gando.jpg|right|thumb| Amashuri abanza i Gando]] Ishuri ryibanze rya Kéré, irya mbere kuri Gando, ryarangiye mu 2001. Amashuri yo muri Burkinafaso asanzwe yubatswe muri beto, ibikoresho bihenze kandi bitwara ingufu kugirango bitange umusaruro, bidahuye nikirere cyaho, kuko imbere hashyushye cyane. Kéré yashakaga gukoresha ibikoresho biboneka ahitamo kubaka hamwe nisi muburyo bw' amatafari . Igishushanyo mbonera cya Kéré cyari kigizwe n'inzu nini, yazamuye amabati kugira ngo irinde inkuta imvura, kandi itume umwuka uzenguruka munsi yo gukonjesha. Inyubako yarangiye yari ikonje kandi ishimishije imbere kuruta inyubako zisanzwe za beto. Igishushanyo cya Kéré kizwi cyane muri Burkinafaso. Yatsindiye igihembo cya Aga Khan kubera Ubwubatsi mu 2004. Kéré yashushanyije gahunda yo kubaka mbere yumucanga kugirango avugane nabaturage, (benshi muribo batazi gusoma no kwandika) basanga bahuze rwose nuwo mushinga, benshi batanga ibitekerezo byabo kugirango biteze imbere. Kéré yagize ati: “Abagize uruhare mu nzira y'amajyambere ni bo bonyine bashobora gushima ibisubizo byagezweho, kubateza imbere no kubarinda”. Abaturage bose ba Gando bagize uruhare mu kubaka iryo shuri. Abagize umudugudu bahawe amahugurwa ku buhanga bwo kubaka. Imidugudu ituranye, bashimishijwe n’umuryango wa Gando ndetse n’ibyo bagezeho, bahisemo kwiyubakira amashuri. ==== Umushinga w'igiti cya Gando ==== Kéré yatangije umushinga wo gutera ibiti by'imyembe kugirango abaturage babone ibyo bakeneye. Umushinga wari ugamije gukemura ibibazo byinshi bikomeye mukarere harimo imirire mibi. Ikintu nyamukuru ni " foufou ", cyangwa gukubitwa no gutekwa birimo vitamine nke. Umwembe utanga vitamine n' intungamubiri kandi ibiti by' umwembe bitanga ahantu hagicucu aho ibidukikije bigera kuri 40&nbsp;° C. Kubera ubwiyongere bwabaturage no kugabanuka kwibiti byinkwi, Burkina Faso yatakaje 60% byibiti byayo mumyaka 15 ishize. Ibiti bitanga igicucu, birinda ubutaka isuri, bihagarika ubutayu kandi bigenga amazi y' ubutaka. Usibye ibi, ibiti bigira uruhare mu burumbuke bw' ubutaka, no kubinyabuzima bitandukanye kuko bitanga amoko menshi. Ibihingwa byinshi ningemwe ntibishobora kurokoka ikirere gishyushye kandi cyumutse hamwe nubuke bukabije bwimvura. Ibindi birimburwa na terite. Imiti yica udukoko n' ifumbire byombi birahenze kandi byangiza ibidukikije. Kéré yashyizeho ingamba zo gukemura ibyo bitagenda neza. Mbere yo gutera igiti, umwobo wuzuyemo amagufwa n'inyama bishaje, hanyuma bigasigara iminsi mike. Igihe kirenze, amagufwa ninyama bikurura ibimonyo, bikoroniza umwobo bikarya terite. Ibi bifasha ibiti gukura bidakeneye kwica udukoko. Ku ifumbire isanzwe, inkoko zibikwa mu gicucu cyibiti. Kéré yasabye abaturage gushyira inkono y'ibumba yakozwe n'intoki iruhande rw'ibiti, ibitonyanga bikerekeza ku mizi, bigatuma ibiti bitanga amazi make ariko bigahoraho. Inkono y'ibumba irinda gutakaza umwuka kandi igomba kuzuzwa rimwe mu cyumweru. ==== Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Dano ==== [[Dosiye:Kere_Secondary_school_Gando.JPG|right|thumb| Amashuri yisumbuye muri Gando]] Kubaka ishuri ryisumbuye ryateguwe na Kéré byatangiye muri Gicurasi 2011. Inyubako nshya yubatswe yagenewe kwakira abanyeshuri bagera ku 1000. Imiterere yatewe inkunga ningo gakondo zo mu cyaro muri Burkinafaso: ibyumba by’ishuri byashyizwe muburyo buzengurutse bikora urugo rukingiwe, rukirinda umukungugu n'umucanga uzanwa n'umuyaga wa Harmattan. Imiterere irakinguye kuruhande rwiburengerazuba, ituma umuyaga ukonje winjira mu karere. uburyo bushya bwo gukonjesha ikirere ukoresheje gusa umwuka uhumeka. Ishuri rikikijwe ninkombe yisi, ibiti byatewe. Ibiti bitanga igicucu, kandi amazi yimvura araterana kugirango abone amazi. Imiyoboro isobekeranye ishyirwa munsi yinkombe zisi, kandi ikegeranya ubuhehere. Umuyaga urakonja uko uhuha mu miyoboro, kandi ugaragara mu byumba by'ishuri unyuze mu mwobo hasi, utanga imyuka ya zeru munsi yo gukonjesha hasi. Igishushanyo cyatsindiye igihembo cya Global [[Ibihembo bya Holcim kubwubatsi burambye|Holcim 2012 kubwububiko burambye bwubaka]] . Ishuri ryisumbuye rikoresha igisenge kimwe n' ishuri ryibanze, hamwe nigisenge cyagutse cyicyuma hejuru hejuru yibumba. Umwuka uzenguruka hagati ya gisenge nigisenge, urashyuha kandi ukazamuka, ukarema amashanyarazi munsi. Ibi bitera umwuka ukonje uva mu miyoboro yo hasi kuzamuka, bikagabanya ubushyuhe bw' icyumba ugereranije na 6 - 8&nbsp;° C. Hamwe nuburyo bworoshye ariko bukora nkibi, ishuri risaba amashanyarazi make haba mubwubatsi no kubungabunga. Kwiyongera kwa Burkina Faso no gukoresha cyane inkwi nka lisansi byaviriyemo ibibazo bikomeye byo gutema amashyamba. Bivugwa ko 60% by'ibihugu byaciwe mu myaka 15 ishize. Ikibabaje kurushaho, gahunda yo gutera amashyamba akenshi itera ibiti bya eucalyptus bikura byoroshye kandi byihuse, ariko bigashiramo amazi menshi y' ubutaka bitwaje ubuhinzi bwaho. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'iki kibazo, ishuri ryisumbuye rikoresha ibiti biva mu biti bya eucalyptus mu kubaka, kandi ibiti by'imyembe byatewe mu mwanya wabyo. Ibiti by'imyembe bikenera amazi make, byera imbuto kandi bitanga [[igicucu]] kirenze ibiti bya eucalyptus, abanyeshuri babikoresha mu gihe cyo kuruhuka. Kimwe nindi mishinga ye, amashuri yisumbuye akoresha abakozi baho mu kubaka. Inzobere zahuguwe na Francis Kéré zigenzura abaturage baho, zikabahugura mu buryo bukenewe bwo kubaka. Aho kubaka inkuta zubakishijwe amatafari, Kéré yateguye uburyo bwo gusuka ibyondo hamwe na sima nkeya mu bibumbano, byihuse cyane. Ubu buryo bwo guhererekanya ubumenyi butuma abaturage bigana inyubako, kandi ibashishikariza gukoresha uburyo burambye aho guhitamo bisanzwe. ==== Atelier Gando ==== Yatunganijwe muri 2014, Atelier n' inyubako ikora nk' umuganda rusange hamwe nu kibanza cyo kubaka imishinga. Itsinda ryabanyeshuri bo muri Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio bafashije Kéré gutegura no kubaka intambwe yambere yubwubatsi. === Ibindi byubaka no gushushanya imishinga === [[Dosiye:Kere_Secondary_school_Dano.jpg|right|thumb| Amashuri yisumbuye i Dano, Burkinafaso]] Umushinga w'ishuri ryisumbuye i Dano, Burkina Faso watewe inkunga na Kéré wabanje gukora i Gando. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwo ku manywa bwongeye kuba ikibazo gikomeye, ariko iki gihe hari ibikoresho bitandukanye byaho. Ibuye rya latite, kavukire mu karere, ryakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho nyamukuru byubaka. Iyi nyubako yashyizwe mu burasirazuba - iburengerazuba igabanya imirasire y'izuba itaziguye ku rukuta, kandi igisenge gisohoka cyane gitanga igicucu kinini. Igishushanyo mbonera hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka bisanzwe bituma umwuka uzunguruka hagati yigitereko cyamatafari yicyondo nigisenge cyamabati yazamuye. Inyubako igizwe n'ibyumba bitatu by'ishuri, icyumba cya mudasobwa n'ibiro. Hariho na amphitheater yagenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuruhuka. Byarangiye mu 2007, imirimo yo kubaka yakozwe ahanini nabantu bahuguwe mumishinga y'ishuri rya Gando, ibaha amahirwe yo gukoresha no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwabo, mugihe banagabanije ibiciro byubwubatsi. ==== Ikigo cyububiko bwisi, Mopti ==== [[Dosiye:Kere_centre_earth_architecture_mopti.JPG|thumb| Ikigo cyububiko bwisi muri Mopti, Mali]] Aga Khan Trust for Culture yamaze imyaka irenga 10 ivugurura imisigiti yo mu majyaruguru [[Mali|ya Mali]] . Byarangiye mu mwaka wa 2010, Ikigo gishinzwe imyubakire y’isi muri Mopti kiri muri uru ruhererekane rw’imishinga, nyuma yo gusana umusigiti no kubaka sisitemu nshya. Ikigo kigenewe kuba kirenze umwanya w' imurikabikorwa: inyubako nigicuruzwa cyubuhanga bumwe bwubatswe bwakoreshejwe mumisigiti minini i Mopti, Timbuktu na Djenné . Irerekana uburyo ibikoresho bigize umurage wakarere byakoreshwa muburyo bugezweho. Ikigo kigizwe na salle y'imurikabikorwa, umuganda rusange, ubwiherero rusange na resitora, bisubiza ibyifuzo by'ubuyobozi bw'akarere ka Komoguel nabasuye kariya gace, ndetse n' abaturage. Uhereye hejuru ya bariyeri y' umwuzure ushobora kubona ko inyubako ihujwe n' umusigiti. Inyubako ifite inyubako yoroshye kandi uburebure bwayo buhuye n' inyubako zituranye bitabangamiye kureba umusigiti. Iyo urebye hakurya y'ikiyaga Centre ibasha gukomeza guhuza umusigiti ariko ntiganza kugaragara. Ikigo kigabanyijemo inyubako eshatu zitandukanye zihujwe nubuso bubiri. Ibumba ry' inyubako ryazanywe kuva 5&nbsp;km kure, kugirango ibara ry'umutuku ryagereranya nibara ryinyubako zaho, byose bikozwe hifashishijwe ibyondo gakondo. Ibara ritukura ryijimye ryibumba rya latite biterwa nubwinshi bwa oxyde oxyde . Inkuta zose hamwe nububiko bwa barriel muri Centre bikozwe muri BTC (isi ifunze isi) kandi ntabwo ihomye cyangwa irangi. Ibi birahuye neza nikirere cy'ikirere kuko bitera ubushyuhe busanzwe, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwo murugo bworoha cyane. Igisenge kirenzeho gikomeza inkuta kandi gitanga igicucu cyo hanze. Inyubako isanzwe ihumeka binyuze mu gufungura inkuta no mu bubiko, kubwibyo gukonjesha imashini ntibikenewe. Inyubako nyinshi zikoreshwa mu ndimi gakondo muri Mopti zifite igisenge cyibiti cyuzuyemo ibumba. Kéré yakoresheje sisitemu nshya muri iyi nyubako irimo ibiti - BTC vaults. Arashaka guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibumba ariko akirinda gukoresha ibiti, kuko gutema amashyamba ari ikibazo kinini cy’ibidukikije muri Mali. ==== Umudugudu wa Opera ==== [[Dosiye:Kere_operndorf_3.jpg|thumb| Kubaka Umudugudu wa Remdoogo Opera muri Laongo, Burkinafaso]] Umushinga “Opera House for Africa” watangijwe n’umuyobozi wa firime n’ikinamico mu Budage Christoph Schlingensief . Schlingensief yazanye Kéré mu bwato kugira ngo ategure prototype yo kubamo abantu bahuye n’umwuzure. Umudugudu wa opera “Remdoogo” wubatswe kuri hegitari 12 ku kuzamuka gato muri Laongo, urugendo rw'isaha imwe uvuye [[Wagadugu|Ougadougou]] ukareba ubuso bwa Afurika y'Iburengerazuba bwa Sahel . Hateguwe ikinamico y'ibirori, amahugurwa, ikigo nderabuzima n'inzu z'abashyitsi, hamwe n'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, iriba hamwe n'ishuri rigenewe abana n'ingimbi bagera kuri 500 bafite amasomo ya muzika na firime. Stage na auditorium byateguwe kandi byubatswe mubudage nyuma bimurirwa mu mudugudu wa Opera. Kéré yakoresheje imyenda ya Burkinabe kugirango apfukame umurongo wintebe ninkuta zimbere. Module yoroshye y' ibanze, itandukanye mu bwiza n'imikorere bitewe nibikoresho babamo, bigizwe n'umudugudu wose. Abantu baho bakoreshwaga mu kubaka modul, kandi ibikoresho bya nk'ibumba, latite, amatafari ya sima, ibiti bya gum no gutanga ibiti byakoreshwaga mu kubaka. Kugirango ushimangire ibintu nkibiti, inkingi, impeta-imfatiro, fondasiyo yakoreshejwe. Bitewe nurukuta runini hamwe no hejuru yinzu hejuru yinzu, icyuma gikonjesha gishobora kugabanywa mu mazu menshi. Inzu yimyidagaduro yatekerejwe nkahantu ho guhurira no kungurana ibitekerezo ku bantu batandukanye mu mico n' imiryango. ==== Iterambere rya Zhoushan, Ubushinwa ==== Ikirwa cya Zhoushan mu Bushinwa niho hakorerwa umushinga wo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe imijyi, iyobowe n’umwubatsi Wang Shu . Zhoushan n'umurwa mukuru w'Ubushinwa wo kuroba, kuko uherereye ku bwinjiriro bwa delta ya Yang Tsé, ukaba utuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni. Intego yuyu mushinga, watangiye mu 2009, kwari uguhindura agace k’icyambu cy’inganda, Putuo, mu karere ka mukerarugendo n’umuco. Ubwubatsi bwateguwe kugirango habeho ibiganiro hagati yiki gihe n'amateka y'akarere. Ikibanza cyatoranijwe kiri ku kirwa nko muri metero 300 uvuye kumugabane w'igihugu, ubutaka bwatoranijwe burimo inyubako nini, inyubako nububiko, byubatswe mu myaka mirongo. Kéré yateguye imurikagurisha, ikigo cy' amakuru, sitidiyo yabahanzi n "ubusitani bwo guhanga umuco" muri ako karere. Igishushanyo cyateguwe hafi y.ikibuga cyagutse kurubuga kugeza kumusozi, uhana imbibi iburengerazuba. Ibi bizabera umwanya winzibacyuho hagati yumuntu wakozwe mukarere kateye imbere nibidukikije birenze. Urwego rwiza rushoboka rwo gukorera mu mucyo rugerwaho hifashishijwe ibirahuri hasi kugeza ku gisenge. Imirasire y'izuba yinjira mu byumba kandi hari ibitekerezo bitagira imipaka kurubuga rwose. Ibice byo mu majyepfo no mu burasirazuba by'ibasirwa cyane n'izuba mugihe cy'izuba. Imigano y'imigano ikora nk'igicucu cyo hanze kirangwa n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe. Imbaho zimbaho zisimburana hamwe nibirahuri, bityo ibikenewe byombi gukorera mu mucyo no kurinda izuba. ==== Ikigo Nderabuzima, Léo ==== Muri 2012, Kéré Architecture yatangiye umushinga mushya wo kubaka ikigo nderabuzima i Léo . Léo ni umujyi wo mu Ntara ya Sissili muri Burkinafaso iherereye hafi y'umupaka na Gana, nko mu birometero 150 mu majyepfo y'umurwa mukuru, Ouagadougou. Abaturage ba Léo ni 50.000, ariko ikigo nderabuzima nacyo kizakorera imidugudu yo mucyaro gikikije. Umubare munini w'abakozi benshi no kubura amavuriro mato, bivuze ko ibitaro byakarere bikabije kandi bigaharanira gukorera abaturage bose. Umuryango utabara imbabare “Operieren muri Afrika” wafashe icyemezo cyo gukusanya inkunga yo kubaka ivuriro ry'ubuvuzi i Léo kubikorwa bito, byoroshye. Bazatanga buruse kubaganga nabaforomo bahuguwe kubakozi b'iryo vuriro, rizakomeza umubano n'Ubudage. Nkuko umushinga wari ufite amafaranga make, Kéré Architecture yakoresheje modules zateguwe nkibanze kumushinga. Nko mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Gando, inkuta zubatswe mu butaka, ibisenge biva mu mabati. Module itunganijwe kuburyo ibisenge byabo byuzuzanya, kugirango bitange igicucu kinini. Mu cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gushushanya, umwanya uri hagati ya module wahindutse umwanya wimbere. "Koridor" y'umwanya uri hagati y'umurongo wa module ni mugari, ufunguye uruzinduko, hamwe n'intebe kugirango abantu baruhukire hamwe nibiti byigicucu. ==== Croix-Rouge mpuzamahanga na Red Crescent Museum, Geneve ==== Kéré yari umwe mu bubatsi batatu batoranijwe gushushanya umwanya uhoraho wo kumurika imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Croix Rouge na Red Crescent Museum, wafunguwe mu 2012 i Geneve mu Busuwisi. Buri mwubatsi yakoraga ku nsanganyamatsiko; Gringo Cardia (ukomoka muri Berezile) yibanze ku “kurengera icyubahiro cya muntu”, Shigeru Ban (ukomoka mu Buyapani) yibanze ku “kwanga urupfu” maze Kéré ahitamo insanganyamatsiko igira iti “kubaka urugo”.  Kéré yagize uruhare mu bw'injiriro bw.ijimye, bugoswe n'inkuta za beto, zishishikariza abashyitsi gutekereza ku marangamutima ateye ubwoba kandi ahumeka y'amakuba yo mu muryango mu gihe cy'amakimbirane. Hagati y'iki gice cy'imurikabikorwa ni umunara, nawo wakozwe muri beto ya beto, ikaba ari inyubako yerekana akazu gakondo kumuryango wa kirimbuzi. Irekura mu mucyo muto kandi ifite icyuma cya Corten gifite isura nziza. Uyu mwanya ni urwibutso rwibyago nkubwicanyi bwa Srebrenica . “Igiti cy'ubutumwa”, gifite amashami y'icyuma, cyubatswe kugirango kibutse kwibutsa ubukonje buri hagati y'intambara n'intambara. Isano iri hagati yimiterere nimiryango ni insanganyamatsiko yingenzi mu gice cya Kéré. "Icyumba cy'Abahamya" gitandukanye cyane n'umunara kuko hano hibandwa ku mucyo n'ibyiringiro aho kuba umwijima no kwiheba. Uyu mwanya ushimangira uruhare rukomeye ubuhamya bwababyiboneye bugira mubikorwa byubutabazi.  == Indi mirimo == [[Dosiye:Serpentine_Pavilion_2017_IV_(35868889662).jpg|thumb| Inzoka ya Serpentine Pavilion (2017) i Londere, mu Bwongereza]] Kéré yashakishije kandi atanga ibishushanyo mbonera by'imishinga mu bihugu byo ku isi. Ibitekerezo bye byatanzwe mu Nzu Ndangamurage y'Ubudage i Frankfurt na Expo 2008 . Muri Yemeni yateguye inyubako y’ishuri kugirango ihuze uturere dutandukanye tw’icyo gihugu. Kéré yateguye ishuri n’umuganda w’umudugudu wa Pouni muri Burkinafaso. Kuva mu Kwakira 2010 kugeza Mutarama 2011 imideli n'amafoto y'imishinga ya Kéré byagaragaye mu imurikagurisha ry'iswe 'Ingano Ntoya, Impinduka nini: Imyubakire mishya yo gusabana', mu nzu ndangamurage y'ubuhanzi bugezweho mu mujyi wa New York. Muri Kamena 2010, Kéré yitabiriye Kongere mpuzamahanga y’ubwubatsi na Sosiyete i Pamplona, yiswe 'Ubwubatsi: byinshi kuri bike'. Muri 2014 Kéré yitabiriye imurikagurisha ''Sensing Spaces'' muri Royal Academy of Arts . Kuva mu Gushyingo 2016 kugeza muri Werurwe 2017 yerekanye imurikagurisha rye rya mbere "Francis Kéré. Byoroshye Byoroshye "i Munich kuri Architekturmuseum der TU Munich. Muri 2017 Galeries ya Serpentine yahaye Kéré gushushanya Pavilion ya Serpentine i Londres. Kéré yateguye Sarbalé ke, igikoresho gikomeye kigizwe n' iminara 12, kuri gahunda y' ubuhanzi y'umunsi mukuru w'umuziki n'ubuhanzi wa Coachella wa 2019. == Imidari == * Igihembo cya Aga Khan kubwubatsi (2004) * Igihembo cyisi yose kubwubatsi burambye (2009) * Igihembo cya BSI cy'Ubusuwisi (2010) * Igihembo cya Marcus kubwubatsi (2011) * Holcim Awards Zahabu 2011 Afurika yo Hagati * Global Holcim Awards 2012 Zahabu * Schelling Architecture Award (2014) * Igihembo cya Kenneth Hudson kubera Ingoro Ndangamurage y’Uburayi (2015) * Ishuri Rikuru ryubuhanzi n’amabaruwa Arnold W. Brunner Igihembo cyo kwibuka (2017) * Igihembo cya Prince Claus Laureate (2017) * Umudari wa Thomas Jefferson mu bwubatsi (2021) * Igihembo cya Pritzker Architecture (2022) == Reba kandi == * Laurie Baker * Ubwubatsi bwa Muntu * Anna Heringer == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rh4jsfck8i9tr9iatc2757praehv1bm 0 10128 82534 82402 2022-04-18T23:00:20Z Martorellpedro 10752 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GoDogGo logo.png|thumb]] '''''Go, Dog. Go!<ref name="preschool">{{cite web|url=https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-to-launch-diverse-slate-of-original-preschool-series-from-award-winning-kids-programming-creators|title=NETFLIX TO LAUNCH DIVERSE SLATE OF ORIGINAL PRESCHOOL SERIES FROM AWARD-WINNING KIDS PROGRAMMING CREATORS|work=[[Netflix Media Center]]|accessdate=July 23, 2019}}</ref>''''' ni mudasobwa yerekana amashusho ya tereviziyo ishingiye ku gitabo cy’abana cyo mu 1961 cyitwa P. D. Eastman, cyakozwe kuri [[Netflix]] na Adam Peltzman. == Abakinnyi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umukinnyi !Inyuguti |- |[[Michela Luci]] |Tag Barker |- |Callum Shoniker |Scooch Pooch |- |[[Katie Griffin]] |Ma Barker |- |Martin Roach |Paw Barker |- | rowspan="3" |[[Tajja Isen]] |Cheddar Biscuit |- |Franny's Mom |- |Beefsteak |- | rowspan="3" |Lyon Smith |Spike Barker |- |Gilber Barker |- |Korganizer |- | rowspan="2" |Judy Marshank |Grandma Marge Barker |- |Waitress |- | rowspan="6" |[[Patrick McKenna]] |Grandpaw Mort Barker |- |Gerald |- |Muttfield |- |Manhole Dog |- |DJ Doggy Bags |- |Brutus |- | rowspan="6" |[[Linda Ballantyne]] |Lady Lydia |- |Sgt Pooch |- |Mayor Sniffington |- |Leader Dog |- |Waggs Martinez |- |Instructor |- | rowspan="4" |Joshua Graham |Sam Whippet |- |Franny's Dad |- |Bernard Rubber |- |Truck Driver |- |Zarina Rocha |Kit Whiserton |- |Deven Mack |Fetcher |- | rowspan="2" |David Berni |Frank |- |Marcus Worms |- |John Stocker |Leo Howlstead |- | rowspan="5" |Anand Rajaram |Beans |- |Flip Chasely |- |Onlooker Dog |- |Bowser |- |Chili |- |Stacey Kay |Kelly Korgi |- | rowspan="2" |Julie Lemieux |Hattie |- |Catch Morely |- |Danny Smith |Yellow |- |Paul Buckley | rowspan="3" |The Barkapellas |- |Reno Selmser |- |Zoe D'Andrea |- | rowspan="2" |Phill Williams |Coach Chewman |- |Gabe Roof |- |Rob Tinkler |Early Ed |- |Jamie Watson |Donny Slippers |- |Deann DeGruijter |Sandra Paws |- |Manvi Thapar |Taylee |- |Ava Preston |Wind Swiftly |- |Hattie Kragten |Little Dog |} == References == <references /> 55vi4443iw7d4100umz2le1m18tqb73 828 10129 82400 2022-04-02T19:56:15Z Martorellpedro 10752 Created page with "-- Please insert new suggestions in alphabetical order -- The form is ['incorrect'] = 'correct', suggestions = { ['ASIN-TLD'] = 'asin-tld', -- old parameter name ['abruf'] = 'access-date', -- German ['abruf-verborgen'] = 'access-date', -- German ['accessmonth'] = 'access-date', ['accesso'] = 'access-date', -- Italian ['accessyear'] = 'access-date', ['acessodata'] = 'access-date', -- Brazilian Portuguese ['ad..." Scribunto text/plain -- Please insert new suggestions in alphabetical order -- The form is ['incorrect'] = 'correct', suggestions = { ['ASIN-TLD'] = 'asin-tld', -- old parameter name ['abruf'] = 'access-date', -- German ['abruf-verborgen'] = 'access-date', -- German ['accessmonth'] = 'access-date', ['accesso'] = 'access-date', -- Italian ['accessyear'] = 'access-date', ['acessodata'] = 'access-date', -- Brazilian Portuguese ['ad'] = 'first', -- Turkish ['address'] = 'location', ['anno'] = 'date', -- Italian ['annoaccesso'] = 'access-date', -- Italian ['annodiaccesso'] = 'access-date', -- Italian ['annooriginale'] = 'orig-date', -- Italian ['année'] = 'date', -- French ['apellido'] = 'last', -- Spanish ['apellidos'] = 'last', -- Spanish ['archiv-datum'] = 'archive-date', -- German ['archiv-url'] = 'archive-url', -- German ['archive date'] = 'archive-date', ['archive url'] = 'archive-url', -- Spanish ['archive-link'] = 'archive-url', ['artikelnr'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id=Article No. ...') ['artist'] = 'others', ['arşiv-tarihi'] = 'archive-date', -- Turkish ['arşiv-url'] = 'archive-url', -- Turkish ['arşivtarihi'] = 'archive-date', -- Turkish ['arşivurl'] = 'archive-url', -- Turkish ['auflage'] = 'edition', -- German ['auteur'] = 'author', -- French ['auther'] = 'author', ['author link'] = 'author-link', -- Polish ['authorfirst'] = 'author-first', -- old parameter name ['authorgiven'] = 'author-given', -- old parameter name ['authorlast'] = 'author-last', -- old parameter name ['authormask'] = 'author-mask', -- old parameter name ['authorsurname'] = 'author-surname', -- old parameter name ['autor'] = 'author', -- Spanish, German (singular and plural) ['autore'] = 'author', -- Italian ['autthor'] = 'author', ['ay'] = 'month', -- Turkish ['año'] = 'date', -- Spanish ['año-original'] = 'orig-date', -- Spanish ['añoacceso'] = 'access-date', -- Spanish ['añooriginal'] = 'orig-date', -- Spanish ['band'] = 'volume', -- German ['bandreihe'] = 'volume', -- German ['baskı'] = 'edition', -- Turkish ['başlık'] = 'title', -- Turkish ['began'] = 'date', -- old parameter name (cite serial only); or orig-date= ['booktitle'] = 'book-title', -- old parameter name ['ch'] = 'language', -- German (as 'language=de-CH') ['chapter_title'] = 'chapter', ['chapterurl'] = 'chapter-url', -- old parameter name ['cid'] = 'ref', -- Italian ['cilt'] = 'volume', -- Turkish ['cita'] = 'quote', -- Spanish ['citazione'] = 'quote', -- Italian ['città'] = 'location', -- Italian ['city'] = 'location', -- old parameter name (cite serial only) ['coauthor'] = 'author', ['coauthors'] = 'author', ['coautores'] = 'author', -- Spanish ['coautori'] = 'author', -- Italian ['cognome'] = 'last', -- Italian ['conferenceurl'] = 'conference-url', -- old parameter name ['consulté le'] = 'access-date', -- French ['contributionurl'] = 'contribution-url', -- old parameter name ['curatore'] = 'publisher', -- Italian ['czasopismo'] = 'journal', -- Polish ['data dostępu'] = 'access-date', -- Polish ['data'] = 'date', -- Polish, Italian ['dataaccesso'] = 'access-date', -- Italian ['dataarchivio'] = 'archive-date', -- Italian ['datum'] = 'date', -- German ['dead-url'] = 'url-status', -- old parameter name ['deadlink'] = 'url-status', ['deadurl'] = 'url-status', -- old parameter name ['dergi'] = 'work', -- Turkish ['dil'] = 'language', -- Turkish ['displayauthors'] = 'display-authors', -- old parameter name ['displayeditors'] = 'display-editors', -- old parameter name ['distributor'] = 'publisher', ['dnb'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{DNB-IDN|...}}') ['doi-broken'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- old parameter alias ['doi-inactive'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- invalid name found in mainspace ['doi-inactive-date'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- old parameter alias ['doi_brokendate'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- old parameter alias ['doi_inactivedate'] = 'doi-inactive-date', -- old parameter alias ['doibroken'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- invalid name found in mainspace ['doiinactive'] = 'doi-broken-date', -- invalid name found in mainspace ['e-print'] = 'eprint', -- misspelling -- ['ed'] = 'edition', -- avoid suggestion as in English this could be short for editor or edition -- ['editora'] = 'publisher', -- can be either editor or publisher -- ['editore'] = 'agency', -- can be either publisher or agency -- ['editori'] = 'editor', -- can be either editor or publisher -- ['editorial'] = 'publisher', -- can be either publisher or work ['editoin'] = 'edition', -- misspelling ['editon'] = 'edition', -- misspelling ['editorfirst'] = 'editor-first', -- old parameter name ['editorgiven'] = 'editor-given', -- old parameter name ['editorlast'] = 'editor-last', -- old parameter name ['editorlink'] = 'editor-link', -- old parameter name ['editormask'] = 'editor-mask', -- old parameter name ['editors'] = 'editor', -- old parameter name (can be emulated using multiple singular |editor= params) ['editorsurname'] = 'editor-surname', -- old parameter name ['edizione'] = 'edition', -- Italian ['embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date', -- old parameter name ['ended'] = 'date', -- old parameter name (cite serial only) ['en ligne le'] = 'archive-date', -- French ['encyclopædia'] = 'encyclopedia', ['enlaceautor'] = 'author-link', -- Spanish ['enlaceroto'] = 'url-status', -- Spanish ['episodelink'] = 'episode-link', -- old parameter name ['erişimtarihi'] = 'access-date', -- Turkish ['eser'] = 'work', -- Turkish ['family'] = 'surname', -- misguess ['fecha'] = 'date', -- Spanish ['fechaacceso'] = 'access-date', -- Spanish ['fechaarchivo'] = 'archive-date', -- Spanish ['filetype'] = 'format', ['foramt'] = 'format', -- misspelling ['fore-name'] = 'given', -- misguess/misspelling ['forename'] = 'given', -- misguess ['formato'] = 'format', -- Spanish, Italian, Polish ['frist'] = 'first', -- misspelling ['fundstelle'] = 'at', -- German ['gazete'] = 'work', -- Turkish ['giornale'] = 'journal', -- Italian ['herausgeber'] = 'editor', -- German (singular and plural) ['hrsg'] = 'publisher', -- German ['hrsgreihe'] = 'editor', -- German ['idioma'] = 'language', -- Spanish ['ignore-isbn-error'] = 'isbn', -- old parameter (can be fully emulated using ((syntax))) ['ignoreisbnerror'] = 'isbn', -- old parameter alias (suggest |isbn as |ignore-isbn-error is deprecated), not a direct replacement, but can be fully emulated using ((syntax)) ['imię'] = 'first', -- Polish ['in-set'] = 'inset', -- misspelling ['interviewerlink'] = 'interviewer-link', -- old parameter alias ['interviewermask'] = 'interviewer-mask', -- old parameter alias ['isbndefekt'] = 'isbn', -- German (suggest |isbn as |ignore-isbn-error is deprecated), not a direct replacement, but can be fully emulated using ((syntax)) ['isbnformalfalsch'] = 'isbn', -- German (suggest |isbn as |ignore-isbn-error is deprecated), not a direct replacement, but can be fully emulated using ((syntax)) ['isbnistformalfalsch'] = 'isbn', -- German (suggest |isbn as |ignore-isbn-error is deprecated), not a direct replacement, but can be fully emulated using ((syntax)) ['isnb'] = 'isbn', -- misspelling ['issnformalfalsch'] = 'issn', -- German (can be fully emulated using ((syntax))) ['jahr'] = 'date', -- German ['jahrea'] = 'orig-date', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['kapitel'] = 'chapter', -- German ['langauge'] = 'language', -- misspelling ['langue'] = 'language', -- French ['last-author-amp'] = 'name-list-style', -- old parameter name (as |name-list-style=amp) ['lastauthoramp'] = 'name-list-style', -- old parameter name (as |name-list-style=amp) ['laydate'] = 'lay-date', -- old parameter name ['laysource'] = 'lay-source', -- old parameter name ['lay-summary'] = 'lay-url', -- old parameter ['laysummary'] = 'lay-url', -- old parameter ['layurl'] = 'lay-url', -- old parameter name ['lieu'] = 'location', -- French ['lingua'] = 'language', -- Italian ['lire en ligne'] = 'url', -- French ['lizenznummer'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id=License No. ...') ['loaction'] = 'location', -- misspelling ['local'] = 'location', -- Brazilian Portuguese ['locatoin'] = 'location', -- misspelling ['lugar'] = 'location', -- Spanish ['mailinglist'] = 'mailing-list', -- old parameter name ['mapurl'] = 'map-url', -- old parameter name ['mes'] = 'date', -- Spanish (not a direct replacement) ['mese'] = 'date', -- Italian (not a direct replacement) ['miejsce'] = 'location', -- Polish ['miesiąc'] = 'date', -- Polish ['mois'] = 'date', -- French ['monat'] = 'date', -- German -- ['name'] = 'author', -- 'name' is often erroneously used for 'title' and 'work' as well, so no suggestion is better than a wrong suggestion ['name-list-format'] = 'name-list-style', -- old parameter name (as |name-list-style=amp) ['nazwisko'] = 'last', -- Polish ['nespaper'] = 'newspaper', -- misspelling ['net-work'] = 'network', -- misspelling ['newpaper'] = 'newspaper', -- misspelling ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['news-group'] = 'newsgroup', -- misspelling ['news-paper'] = 'newspaper', -- misspelling ['no-cat'] = 'no-tracking', -- old parameter ['nocat'] = 'no-tracking', -- old parameter ['nom'] = 'last', -- French ['nombre'] = 'first', -- Spanish ['nome'] = 'first', -- Italian ['nopp'] = 'no-pp', -- old parameter name ['notracking'] = 'no-tracking', -- old parameter ['numero'] = 'number', -- Italian, Spanish ['nummer'] = 'number', -- German ['nummerreihe'] = 'number', -- German ['obra'] = 'work', -- Spanish ['odpowiedzialność'] = 'agency', -- Polish ['offline'] = 'url-status', -- German (as 'url-status=dead') ['online'] = 'url', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['opera'] = 'work', -- Italian ['opublikowany'] = 'agency', -- Polish ['origdate'] = 'orig-date', -- misspelling ['originaljahr'] = 'orig-date', -- German ['originalort'] = 'publication-place', -- German ['originalsprache'] = 'language', -- German ['originaltitel'] = 'title', -- German (if 'originaltitel' is specified, any possible contents of 'title' should be put in 'trans-title') ['ort'] = 'publication-place', -- German ['ortea'] = 'publication-place', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['other'] = 'others', ['oznaczenie'] = 'agency', -- Polish ['pagees'] = 'pages', -- misspelling ['pagina'] = 'page', -- Italian ['pagina'] = 'pages', -- Italian ['pagine'] = 'pages', -- Italian ['pagine'] = 'pages', -- Italian ['passage'] = 'pages', -- French ['periodico'] = 'magazine', -- Spanish ['plublisher'] = 'publisher', -- misspelling ['pmcid'] = 'pmc', ['post-script'] = 'postscript', -- misspelling ['praca'] = 'work', -- Polish ['primero'] = 'first', -- Spanish ['prénom'] = 'first', -- French ['prénom1'] = 'first1', -- French ['ps'] = 'postscript', ['pub'] = 'publisher', -- ['pubblicazione'] = 'magazine', -- could be any kind of work -- ['publicación'] = 'journal', -- could be any kind of work ['publicationdate'] = 'publication-date', -- old parameter name -- ['published'] = 'publisher', -- could be date, location, or name of publisher ['publicationplace'] = 'publication-place', -- old parameter name ['pulbication-place'] = 'publication-place', -- misspelling ['página'] = 'page', -- Spanish ['páginas'] = 'pages', -- Spanish ['périodique'] = 'publisher', -- French ['registration'] = 'url-access', -- old parameter name ['reihe'] = 'series', -- German ['retrieved'] = 'access-date', ['richiestasottoscrizione'] = 'url-access', -- Italian (as |url-access=subscription) ['rok'] = 'date', -- Polish ['sammelwerk'] = 'work', -- German ['sayfa'] = 'page', -- Turkish ['sayfalar'] = 'pages', -- Turkish ['sayı'] = 'issue', -- Turkish ['script-post'] = 'postscript', -- misspelling ['script-trans'] = 'transcript', -- misspelling ['season'] = 'date', -- old parameter name (cite serial only) ['sectionurl'] = 'section-url', -- old parameter name ['seiten'] = 'pages', -- German ['seria'] = 'series', -- Spanish, Polish ['serie'] = 'series', -- Italian ['série'] = 'series', -- French ['serieslink'] = 'series-link', -- old parameter name ['seriesno'] = 'series-number', -- old parameter name ['service'] = 'agency', ['sitioweb'] = 'website', -- Spanish ['sito'] = 'website', -- Italian ['soyadı'] = 'last', -- Turkish ['spalten'] = 'at', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['sprache'] = 'language', -- German ['stron'] = 'page', -- Polish ['strony'] = 'pages', -- Polish ['subjectlink'] = 'subject-link', -- old parameter name ['subscription'] = 'url-access', -- old parameter name (emulated as |url-access=subscription) ['sur-name'] = 'surname', -- misspelling ['suscripción'] = 'url-access', -- Spanish, Polish (as |url-access=subscription) ['tag'] = 'date', -- German ['tarih'] = 'date', -- Turkish ['template doc demo'] = 'no-tracking', -- old parameter alias ['tile'] = 'title', -- misspelling ['timecaption'] = 'time-caption', -- old parameter name ['titlelink'] = 'title-link', -- old parameter name ['tipo'] = 'type', -- Italian ['tite'] = 'title', -- misspelling ['titel'] = 'title', -- German ['titel-p'] = 'title', -- German ('postscript=none' should be added as well) ['titelerg'] = 'contribution', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['titled'] = 'title', -- Brazilian Portuguese ['titolo'] = 'title', -- Italian ['titre'] = 'title', -- French ['trans-script'] = 'transcript', -- misspelling ['trans_chapter'] = 'trans-chapter', -- old parameter alias ['trans_title'] = 'trans-title', -- old parameter alias ['transchapter'] = 'trans-chapter', ['transcripturl'] = 'transcript-url', -- old parameter name ['transscript'] = 'transcript', -- misspelling ['transscript-format'] = 'transcript-format', -- misspelling ['transscript-url'] = 'transcript-url', -- misspelling ['transscripturl'] = 'transcript-url', -- misspelling ['transtitle'] = 'trans-title', ['typ'] = 'author-mask', -- German (not a direct replacement, but the only valid argument 'typ=wl' can be emulated using 'author-mask') ['tytuł'] = 'title', -- Polish ['títle'] = 'title', ['título'] = 'title', -- Spanish ['ubicación'] = 'location', -- Spanish ['urlarchivio'] = 'archive-url', -- Italian ['urlarchivo'] = 'archive-url', -- Spanish ['urlmorto'] = 'url-status', -- Italian ['urn'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{URN|...}}') ['v-authors'] = 'vauthors', -- misspelling ['v-editors'] = 'veditors', -- misspelling ['verlag'] = 'publisher', -- German ['verlagea'] = 'publisher', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['vol'] = 'volume', ['volumen'] = 'volume', -- Spanish ['werk'] = 'work', -- German ['werkerg'] = 'contribution', -- German (not a direct replacement, but can be emulated) ['wkautore'] = 'author-link', -- Italian ['wolumin'] = 'volume', -- Polish ['wydanie'] = 'number', -- Polish ['wydawca'] = 'publisher', -- French ['yardımcıyazarlar'] = 'author', -- Turkish ['yayımcı'] = 'publisher', -- Turkish ['yayıncı'] = 'publisher', -- Turkish ['yazar'] = 'author', -- Turkish ['yazarbağı'] = 'author-link', -- Turkish ['yer'] = 'location', -- Turkish ['yıl'] = 'date', -- Turkish ['zaprezentowany'] = 'publisher', -- French ['zdb'] = 'id', -- German (as 'id={{ZDB|...}}') ['zitat'] = 'quote', -- German ['zugriff'] = 'access-date', -- German ['éditeur'] = 'editor', -- French ['ölüurl'] = 'url-status', -- Turkish ['übersetzer'] = 'translator', -- German (singular and plural) } --[[--------------------------< P A T T E R N S >-------------------------------------------------------------- Here we use Lua patterns to make suggestions. The form is ['pattern'] = 'correct', Lua patterns are not REGEX though they are similar. The escape character is '%', not '\'. For more information about Lua patterns, see: Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns Patterns should probably always include the '^' and '$' anchor assertions to prevent a partial match from incorrectly suggesting the wrong parameter name. For instance, the pattern 'a[utho]+r' matches 'author' in the no-longer-supported parameter |author-separator= so the code suggests '|author='; the same pattern also matches the no-longer-supported parameter |separator= (returning 'ator') so again, the code suggests '|author='. One capture is supported, typically the enumerator from an enumerated parameter (the '6' in |author6=, etc.) The value from the capture replaces $1 in the 'correct' value. ]] local patterns = { ['^ac+es+ ?d?a?t?e?$'] = 'access-date', -- misspelling ['^apellido[s]?(%d+)$'] = 'last$1', -- Spanish, enumerated ['^a[utho]+r$'] = 'author', -- misspelling ['^a[utho]+r(%d+)$'] = 'author$1', -- misspelling, enumerated ['^author link(%d+)$'] = 'author-link$1', -- Polish, enumerated ['^autor[e]?(%d+)$'] = 'author$1', -- Italian/Spanish/German, enumerated ['^authorfirst(%d+)$'] = 'author-first$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^author(%d+)first$'] = 'author-first$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^authorgiven(%d+)$'] = 'author-given$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^author(%d+)given$'] = 'author-given$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^authorlast(%d+)$'] = 'author-last$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^author(%d+)last$'] = 'author-last$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^authormask(%d+)$'] = 'author-mask$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^author(%d+)mask$'] = 'author-mask$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^authorsurname(%d+)$'] = 'author-surname$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^author(%d+)surname$'] = 'author-surname$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^cognome(%d+)$'] = 'last$1', -- Italian, enumerated ['^editorfirst(%d+)$'] = 'editor-first$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)first$'] = 'editor-first$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editorgiven(%d+)$'] = 'editor-given$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)given$'] = 'editor-given$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editorlast(%d+)$'] = 'editor-last$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)last$'] = 'editor-last$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editorlink(%d+)$'] = 'editor-link$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)link$'] = 'editor-link$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editormask(%d+)$'] = 'editor-mask$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)mask$'] = 'editor-mask$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editorsurname(%d+)$'] = 'editor-surname$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^editor(%d+)surname$'] = 'editor-surname$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^enlaceautore(%d+)$'] = 'author-link$1', -- Spanish, enumerated ['^first (%d+)$'] = 'first$1', -- enumerated ['^last (%d+)$'] = 'last$1', -- enumerated ['^nom[e]?(%d+)$'] = 'last$1', -- Italian/French, enumerated ['^nombre(%d+)$'] = 'first$1', -- Spanish, enumerated ['^primero(%d+)$'] = 'first$1', -- Spanish, enumerated ['^pu[blish]+ers?$'] = 'publisher', -- misspelling ['^subjectlink(%d+)$'] = 'subject-link$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^subject(%d+)link$'] = 'subject-link$1', -- old parameter name, enumerated ['^wkautore(%d+)$'] = 'author-link$1', -- Italian, enumerated } return {suggestions = suggestions, patterns=patterns}; m16nckx5oqze6p7w1k19jmtk3t0io9r 0 10130 82598 82594 2022-04-30T10:00:23Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itangazo rya Rio ku bidukikije n’iterambere ryabyo''', rikunze kwitwa '''itangazo rya Rio''', ni inyandiko ngufi yakozwe nu[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|muryango w’abibumbye]] muri1992 hagendewe kubyavuye mu “Inama y’ibidukikije n’iterambere” (UNCED), izwi ku izina rya Summit Earth . Itangazo rya Rio ryari rigizwe n’amahame 27 agamije kuyobora ibihugu mu iterambere rirambye . Yasinywe n’ibihugu birenga 175. == Amateka == Ihuriro ry’i Rio ryemeje Itangazo, ryabaye kuva ku ya 3 kugeza ku ya 14 Kamena 1992. Nyuma yaho, amahanga yateranye kabiri kugirango asuzume intambwe imaze guterwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yinyandiko; mbere mu mujyi wa New York mu 1997 mu nama rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, hanyuma i Johannesburg mu mwaka wa 2002. Mu gihe inyandiko yafashije mu kumenyekanisha ibidukikije, ibimenyetso byatanzwe mu mwaka wa 2007 byerekanaga ko ari intego nke zari zaragezweho icyo gihe kubidukikije . <ref name="Robbins2007">Book sources - Wikipedia</ref> == Ibirimo == Twifashishije "imiterere-karemano kandi yuzuzanya y'isi," iwacu ", Itangazo rya Rio ritangaza amahame 27. Ihame rya mbere rivuga ko iterambere rirambye ryibanze cyane cyane kubantu, bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi butanga umusaruro muburyo bwa kamere. <ref>UN Documentation Centre, [https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf Rio Declaration], Article 1</ref> Ingingo ya 11 itanga icyifuzo ko ibihugu bizashyiraho amategeko y’ibidukikije . Izindi ngingo zirimo gushyiraho ihame ryo kwirinda, rigomba "gukurikizwa cyane na leta ukurikije ubushobozi bwabo" (ihame rya 15), hamwe n’ihumanya ry’ikirere, ibihugu bishishikarizwa gukurikiza aho bigamije inyungu rusange . kandi kutagoreka ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga (ihame rya 16). Ihame rya nyuma risaba gusohoza andi mahame muburyo bunyuze mu mucyo. == references == [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] d35sg1ua2pzec2zv5sdlogtf6dftoqy 0 10131 82407 82406 2022-04-03T11:30:18Z Annick green 9913 I highlighted an article wikitext text/x-wiki == Amateka == Urugomero rwa ntaruka rwubatswe mu mwaka wa 1959, rukaba ruherereye mu karere ka Burera<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Burera-Hari-urugomero-rwa-Ntaruka-ariko-abafite-amashanyarazi-ni-bake</ref>, mu murenge wa Kinoni ho muntara y' amajyaruguru. kugeza ubu uru rugomero rutanga amashanyarazi ungana na MW11,5, ndetse amazi urwo rugomero rukoresha mugutanga amashanyarazi ,aturuka mu gishanga cya Rugezi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=21616</ref> === Akamaro === mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]] aho uru rugomero ruherereye, 12,1% -15% by' abaturage nibo bagerwagaho n' amashanyarazi muri 2015. gusa ubuyobozi bwako karere buvugako bushyize imbaraga mukugeza amashanyarazi ku baturage benshi ba Burera, dore ko Ntaruka itanga amashanyarazi menshi cyane agera kuri MW11,5 bityo abanyaburera ntibakwiye kuba mukizamo cyangwa ngo bacane itadowa.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Burera-Hari-urugomero-rwa-Ntaruka-ariko-abafite-amashanyarazi-ni-bake</ref> === Reba === [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere]] 2gfjn2hdcjdtbslefq53fyov3jim432 0 10132 82410 2022-04-04T13:05:54Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 creating page wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigega cy’Igihugu cy’Ibidukikije-FONERWA ni ikigega gitera inkunga imishinga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe, cyashyizweho na Leta y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2012. Ni kimwe mu mu bigega binini ku mugabane wa Afrika bifite bene izi nshingano. FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund mu bikorwa byayo byo kumenyekanisha ibyo ikora ku bafatanyabikorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/FONERWA-yatangiye-ibikorwa-byo-kubungabunga-amabanga-ya-ndiza</ref>. == Intego == Gukusanya, gucunga, gukurikirana  ndetse no gufasha inzego kubona inkunga n’ubushobozi bwo mu kuzana impinduka mu rwego rwo kubaka iterambere rirambye kandi ridahungabanywa n’ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/FONERWA-yatangiye-ibikorwa-byo-kubungabunga-amabanga-ya-ndiza</ref> y’ibihe. == Icyerekezo == Gufasha u Rwanda gukemura ibibazzo ruhura nabyo muri gahunda yo kurengera ibidukijije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe ndetse no kubaka ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije hagamijwe kwihutisha intego z’igihugu zo kubaka iterambere rirambye<ref>http://www.fonerwa.org/green-rwanda-media-review-8-march-2021</ref>. == Inzego zigize FONERWA == * Inama y'Ubutegetsi: Uru ni rwo rwego rukuru rufite inshingano zo gufata ibyemezo, bireba imiyoborere y’Ikigega, gushyira abakozi mu myanya ndetse n’ikoreshwa ry’umutungo kugira ngo FONERWA ibashe kugera ku ntego zayo.<ref>Abo Turibo | Fonerwa Rwanda Green Fund</ref> * Urwego Nshingwabikorwa: Uru rwego rukuriwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa FONERWA. Ni rwo rushinzwe gukurikirana no guhuza imirimo n’ibikorwa bya buri munsi; ndetse no gukora indi mirimo iri mu nshingano za FONERWA rwahabwa n’Inama y’Ubuyobozi<ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abaturage-bakarere-ka-gicumbi-banejejwe-nibikorwa-bya-green-gicumbi</ref>. == Imishinga migari ya FONERWA == # Green Gicumbi ugamije kurengere ibidukikije mu ntara y'amajyaruguru mu karere ka gicumbi haterwa ibiti hara cukurwa amaterasi y'indinganire ,hanabungabubunabungwa imigezi ,inzuzi batera ibiti bitandukanye cyane cyane imigano kungero z'imigezi inzuzi ,ibiyaga mu kurengera urusobe ry'ibinyabuzima n'ibimera <ref>https://www.gicumbi.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/abaturage-bakomeje-kwishimira-ibyiza-by-umushinga-green-gicumbi</ref>. # Green city Kigali "kigali itoshye " n'umushinga ugamije kurimbisha umugi wa kigali no kurengera bimwe mu bishanga biherere muri kigali<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-mushinga-green-city-kigali-ugiye-guhindura-imiturire-muri</ref>. == FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund == FONERWA ikoresha izina rya Rwanda Green Fund mu bikorwa byayo byo kumenyekanisha ibyo ikora ku bafatanyabikorwa. Nka kimwe mu nzego ziri ku isonga rwo guharanira ko u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rwubaka ubukungu burambye kandi butabangamira ibidukikije, ibidukikije. == Amashakiro . == [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 30n9143gf33vuxmx48lsstdiwq3dl8k 0 10133 82411 2022-04-04T14:14:49Z 2A03:2880:30FF:17:0:0:FACE:B00C Moïse Obama Simba wikitext text/x-wiki 0790915786 Moïse Obama Simba Navukiye mukarere ka nyamasheke umuleghe wabushege akagali ipaara umudugudu wa mucuzi Navutse 2003 Ndumu yarwanda qubg2srx4hkd0munzp002v8iipdo69z 0 10134 82563 82412 2022-04-25T19:18:07Z MrTallBoy 9928 corrected errors wikitext text/x-wiki Ifumbire mvaruganda ni imwe mu mafumbire akoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]] mu buhinzi, yongera umusaruro ariko igira ingaruka ku kugundura[gushimura] ubutaka, kwanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hagaragajwe-ingaruka-z-ifumbire-mvaruganda-ku-mihindagurikire-y-ikirere</ref> == Ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ibidukikije . == Imvaruganda ikunzwe gukoreshwa mu buhinzi bw'ibihingwa bitandukanye mu gihugu hari ikoreshwa babagara imyaka cg bayitera . Haje gukorwa ubushakakashatsi bugaragaza ko ifumbire mvaruganda kubera ikoreshwa ryayo ryishi cyangwa nabi yangiza ibidukikije n'ibinyabuzima biba mubutaka . ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ubutaka nttihaboneke umusaruro wari witezwe ndetse no kwanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] bika byica bimwe mu binyabuzima n'ibimera biba mu mazi<ref>https://flash.rw/2022/01/20/gukoresha-ifumbire-mvaruganda-yonyine-byangiza-ubutaka-ubushakashatsi/</ref> . == Uburyo abahinzi bagira umusaruro mwiza badakoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda == Hamaze gukora ubushakashatsi bywagaragaje ko ifumbire mvaruganda yangiza ibidukikije ikanduza [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] ibigo bitandukanye byita kubidukijreje byakanguriye abahinzi gukoresha ifumbire y'imborera ,ikomoka kubimera ,ku [[Amatungo|matungo]] ,kubisagazwa bya amatungo,no gukoresha ifumbire nziza itangwa [[Iminyorogoto|n'iminyorogoto]] yatangiye gukoreshwa mu [[Rwanda]] itangiza ibidukikije kandi itanga umusaruro <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gukora-ifumbire-yifashishije-iminyorogoto-n-utundi-dukoko-bimuteje-imbere</ref>. == Ifumbire itangwa ni iminyorogoto == [[Dosiye:Iminyorogoto.jpg|thumb|iminyorogoto yifashishwa mu gukora ifumbire nziza itangiza ubutaka kd itanga umusaruro ]] Hamazwe gukora ubugenzuzi n'ubushakashatsi hasanzwe ifumbire y'imborera ikorwa hifashishijwe [[iminyorogoto]] ari nziza ku bihingwa n'urosobe rw'ibimera n'ibidukikije muri rusange <ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/247900</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Dosiye:Imvaruganda mbi.jpg|thumb|Urugero rw'ifumbire mvaruganda rukoreshwa ]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] kicyup005wy6alca6i71uxtkr692bsy 0 10135 82599 82415 2022-04-30T10:28:29Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Suburb_of_Kigali_with_Mt_Kigali_in_the_background.jpg|thumb| tumwe mu duce dushobora guhura n’akaga muri Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Pedestrians_and_motorists_risk_their_lives_to_transport_passengers_in_a_flooded_road_in_Kigali_on_28_January_2020._Emmanuel_Kwizera.jpg|thumb| Umwuzure mu mujyi wa Kigali]] '''Ibishanga''' ni urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwuzuyemo amazi. Mu [[Rwanda]], ahantu hamwe na hamwe huzura amazi mu gihe cy'imvura. Muri Werurwe 2020, Bitewe no kubahiriza amategeko y’ibidukikije mpuzamahanga no gucunga ibidukikije, [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]] wafashe icyemezo cyo kurangiza ikibazo cyo gutura mu bishanga / mu bishanga bimura abantu mu turere tw’ibyago nyuma y’imvura nyinshi. Uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi , [[Anastase Shyaka]] yavuze ko iki gikorwa cyagenze neza. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/03/kigali-to-complete-relocation-of-households-from-wetlands-in-three-weeks/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/more-factories-relocate-kigali-city-wetlands</ref> == Ibikoresho == Mugihe cyo guhitamo ahantu hashobora guteza ibyago byinshi uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ubushakashatsi bwarimo inyandiko, kamera, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hamwe na software ikora nka ArcGIS, uburyo bwose bwakoreshaga uturere twose two [[Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]] <ref>https://www.preventionweb.net/news/rwanda-kigali-city-move-relocate-those-high-risk-areas-resume</ref> . == Ibisobanuro == Guverinoma [[Rwanda|y'u Rwanda]] yari yarabujije gutura mu bishanga kuva mu 2005, kuva icyo gihe guverinoma yabwiraga abafite imitungo kwimuka ariko abantu bake baragerageza abandi birananirana. Intego nyamukuru za guverinoma kwari ukugarura ibishanga no gushyiraho ibyiza nyaburanga byumujyi. [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] wagaragaje Hegitari 7.700 z’ibishanga birimo imitungo 2000 harimo inganda, ubucuruzi n’amazu yo guturamo <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/over-2000-properties-for-relocation-from-kigali</ref> . == Ingaruka zagerwagaho ku bantu batuye mu bishanga == * Iyangirika ry'ibidukikije mu gihe kimvura nyishi. * Gutakaza ubuzima * Iyangirika ry'ibikorwa remezo * Imyuzure == references == [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 7zyeim9pfd574kadhbsk2z4313gtema 0 10136 82601 82419 2022-04-30T11:34:01Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki '''Icyanya cy'ubukerarugendo mu gishanga cya Nyandungu''' ni parike y’ubukerarugendo [[Rwanda|y’u Rwanda]] gifite hegitari 134 iri hagati y’Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] na Kicukiro gifasha abantu gukora ingendo muri bishimira ahantu nyaburanga n’inyamaswa zo mu cyanya cya Nyandungu <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/exploring-breathtaking-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park</ref> <ref>https://kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=131&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=66&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=dd9e160e53c74b52f9c8c9084bb1a36b</ref> . iki cyanya cyashizweho nibintu byingenzi nkibidendezi byimitako, ibiti by'ubwoko bwinshi, ubusitani bw'ibiti bivamo imiti, inzira nyabagendwa,ahatangirwa amafunguro( resitora), ikigo cyamakuru nizindi serivise zo kwidagadura hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwigisha abagenzi no kuzamura imibereho myiza yabaturage. Yashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] (REMA) muri 2020 <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202201270082.html</ref> <ref>http://www.fonerwa.org/nyandungu-urban-wetland-eco-tourism-park</ref> <ref name=":0">http://www.isangostar.rw/ibyegeranyo/tuhamenye/article/tuhamenye-nyandungu-wetland-eco</ref> <ref>RWANDA: Nyandungu Ecotourism Park opens in Kigali | Afrik 21</ref>. == Amateka == Mu mwaka w’ 2015 ni bwo hatekerejwe umushinga wo guhindura iki gishanga no kukigarurira ubuzima kikitwa icyanya cy’Ubukerarugendo bubungabunga Ibidukikije.Iki gishanga kiri ahazwi nko kuri 15 hagati y’Akarere ka Kicukiro n’aka Gasabo, gahunda yo kugitunganya yatangiye muri 2017,gishowemo asaga miliyari eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yo kugitunganya kugira ngo kibe cyakorwamo n’ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo. Muri icyo Cyanya hagaragara urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, harimo ibiti by’amoko atandukanye birimo n’ibivamo imiti nk’umuravumba, igicuncu n’umubirizi kandi hari amoko y’inyoni arenga 70<ref name=":0" /><ref>Nyandungu wetland plan_2012.pdf - Rwanda Environment ... <nowiki>https://rema.gov.rw</nowiki> › rema_doc › publications</ref>. == Umusaruro icyanya cya Nyandungu == Hari akamaro kenshi kitezweho ubu katangiye kugararagara mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no kongera ubwiza . * Kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri icyo cyanya cya Nyandungu. * Gukurura ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije . * Nibindi...........................<ref>Tuhamenye : Nyandungu Wetland Eco-Tourism Park .|. Isango Star</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Pariki Nasiyonali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 2tl389khnhp96yiczeh3scbi8mc1nj7 0 10137 82420 2022-04-06T04:20:36Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1079630115|2021 Mount Nyiragongo eruption]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Ku ya 22 Gicurasi 2021, umusozi cyangwa ikirunga cya Nyiragongo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] watangiye guturika no kuruka. Kugeza ku ya 25 Gicurasi, abantu 32 bapfuye bazize kuruka kandi amazu 1.000 yarasenyutse. == Amavu n'amavuko == Nk’uko umuyobozi [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|wa parike ya Virunga]] abitangaza ngo iruka ry'umusozi wa Nyiragongo risa n'iruka ryabaye muri 2002, ryahitanye abantu 250. Muri Nzeri 2020, Katcho Karume, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ibirunga cya Goma, yavuze ko ikiyaga cya lava cyari cyuzuye vuba, byongera ibyago byo kuruka mu myaka mike iri imbere, Karume yavuze kandi ko umutingito ushobora kugaragara mbere. <ref name="BBC_20210523">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57215690</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cszh0t</ref> Observatoire yari imaze hafi umwaka idakora neza mbere yuko iruka, nyuma yuko Banki y'Isi igabanije inkunga nyuma y'ibirego bya ruswa. <ref name="BBC_20210523" /> Observatoire ntiyashoboye kwishyura umurongo wa interineti kugirango uhuze monitor ya kure cyangwa lisansi yo gutwara abakozi buri gihe aho babireba; abakozi babonaga amakuru gusa mugihe basuye ikirunga. <ref>https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/rising-magma-empty-coffers-raise-alarm-congos-volcano-watchers-2021-03-10/</ref> Muri Kanama 2020, raporo yo mu ''mabaruwa y’ubushakashatsi bwa Geofiziki'' ishingiye ku kugereranya ibikorwa by’amateka n’ibikorwa byabereye i Nyiragongo byagaragaje ko hashobora kubaho iturika hagati ya Werurwe 2024 na Ugushyingo 2027. <ref>https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL088484</ref> == Kuruka == [[Dosiye:UNOSAT_A3_Natural_Portrait_VO20210523COD_Geological_Information_MountNyiragongo_DRCongo_28May2021_v1.pdf|thumb| 28 Gicurasi ikarita yikigereranyo cya lava hamwe no guhinda umushyitsi bijyanye na Goma]] Ahagana saa kumi n'ebyiri n'igice z'umugoroba . _ [[Goma|_]] <ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/situation-report-2-volcano-eruption-goma-drc-23-may-2021</ref> Guverinoma ya DRC yasabye abatuye umujyi kwimuka. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/22/dr-congos-nyiragongo-volcano-erupts-triggering-panic</ref> Ikigereranyo cya lava cyagereranijwe ko cyagenderaga kuri 1 kilometre per hour (0.62 mph), byemereraga abantu umwanya wo guhunga. <ref name="BBC23">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57217326</ref> Amaherezo lava yahagaze mu karere ka Buheme gaherereye mu majyaruguru ya Goma, isenya amazu magana. Nubwo mbere byavuzwe ko lava yatembaga mu mujyi ndetse ikagera no ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma mu majyepfo y’umujyi, nyuma y’umunsi byemezwa ko ikibuga cy’indege ndetse n’ahantu hubatswe umujyi bitagize ingaruka. Nyamara, imigezi ya lava yari yambutse umuhanda wa N2, ikata Goma mu mujyi wa Beni ugana mu majyaruguru. <ref name="BBC 20210524">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57217326</ref> Abantu bagera ku 8000 baturutse [[Goma|i Goma]] bambutse [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] bahunga. <ref>https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/22/world/volcano-mount-nyiragongo-goma-congo-eruption/index.html</ref> UNICEF yavuze ko bishoboka ko abimuwe basubira mu rugo kugira ngo bamenye amazu yabo yasenyutse, harimo kubura amazi n'amashanyarazi. <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/22/world/volcano-mount-nyiragongo-goma-congo-eruption/index.html</ref> Amakuru dukesha BBC avuga ko byemejwe ku mugaragaro n'abayobozi b'u Rwanda ko abarenga 3.000 binjiye mu Rwanda bava i Goma. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57217326</ref> UNICEF yongeyeho ko usibye abahungiye mu Rwanda, abandi bantu 25.000 na bo ngo bahungiye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Sake. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/23/dr-congo-volcano-eruption-leaves-death-and-trail-of-destruction</ref><ref>http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-05/23/c_139965363.htm</ref> Ku ya 24 Gicurasi, umutingito ukomeye wibasiye umujyi wa Goma. <ref name="AFP">https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210524-volcano-death-toll-rises-as-aftershocks-shake-drcongo</ref> Ku ya 25 Gicurasi, saa 11:03 za mu gitondo, umutingito ufite ubukana bwa 5.3 wibasiye hafi yawo, usenya inyubako nyinshi kandi utera ubwoba ko hashobora kubaho ibice bishya mu kiyaga cya lava cyangwa guturika. <ref name="Reuters0525">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-congo-volcano/earthquakes-at-congo-border-raise-fears-of-second-volcano-eruption-idUSKCN2D618B</ref><ref name="CNN_20210523">https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/22/world/volcano-mount-nyiragongo-goma-congo-eruption/index.html</ref> Ku ya 27 Gicurasi, abayobozi bategetse kwimura ibice bya Goma, bituma abantu ibihumbi icumi bagenda, kubera ibyago byo biva mu kuruka kw'ikirunga. <ref>https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210527-risk-of-further-eruptions-from-volcano-in-dr-congo-sparks-mass-exodus-in-goma</ref> Ndima Kongba, guverineri w'ingabo mu ntara [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ya Kivu]] y'Amajyaruguru, yategetse kwimura hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abatuye umugi, mu turere 10. Kongba yavuze ko magma yagaragaye munsi y'umujyi ndetse [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|n'ikiyaga cya Kivu]] hafi yacyo ishobora kwiyongera, bigatuma bishoboka ko ikiyaga gishobora guturika . Mu gihe abaturage ba Goma bahungiye ku mupaka w'u Rwanda berekeza i [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], bamwe mu baturage ba Gisenyi bahungiye iburasirazuba nyuma yo kunyeganyezwa no guhinda umushyitsi, umutingito munini wageze kuri 4.9. umutingito wageraga kure nka [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]], 90 kilometres (56 mi) uvuye aho byaberaga. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57240372</ref><ref>https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2021/05/23/drc-thousands-return-after-Mount-Nyiragongo-volcano-eruption/4441621804819/</ref> Ku ya 7 Kamena, nyuma y’ibikorwa by’ibiza bimaze kugabanuka, guverinoma ya Kongo yatangaje ko izatangira gucyura mu byiciro by’abaturage bahunze umujyi. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/6/7/dr-congo-to-start-phased-return-of-residents-to-volcano-hit-goma</ref> == Abahitanwa n’ibyangiritse == [[Dosiye:Volcan_Nyiragongo_.jpg|thumb| Umuhanda muri [[Goma]] hamwe na Nyiragongo inyuma, 2019]] Umuvugizi wa guverinoma, Patrick Muyaya, mu ijoro ryo ku ya 23 Gicurasi yavuze ko hapfuye abantu cumi na babiri: babiri bari bahiye kugeza bapfuye; icyenda mu mpanuka yo mu muhanda bahunga; n'abagororwa bane bishwe bagerageza kuva muri gereza ya Camp Munzenze i Goma. <ref name="WaPo_20210523">https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/22/congo-volcano-eruption-nyiragongo/</ref> UNICEF yatangaje ko abana barenga 170 baburiwe irengero, naho abana 150 batandukanijwe n'imiryango yabo. Ku ya 24 Gicurasi, habonetse imirambo itanu y’abahohotewe bahumeka, bituma umubare wa uba 20. Nyuma y’abantu bapfuye bagera kuri 32, kubera ko bamwe mu bapfuye ku ya 24 Gicurasi nyuma yo guhumeka umwotsi na gaze y’ubumara igihe bagendaga ku gice cya lava ikonje. Ibi byatangajwe na Patrick Muyaya, umuvugizi wa guverinoma, ubwo yagaragazaga ko bishoboka ko umubare wiyongera mu gihe hakomeje gushakishwa ababuze. <ref>https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/nation-world/story/2021-05-24/residents-search-for-dead-killed-by-congos-volcano-eruption</ref> <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2021/05/24/world/volcanic-eruption-mount-nyiragongo-goma-congo-intl/index.html</ref> Akanama gashinzwe impunzi muri Noruveje kavuze ko amazu magana atandatu n'amashuri atanu byasenyutse. Imidugudu 17 ikikije ikirunga yatangaje ko yangiritse, nubwo imibare yahagaze muri Goma. Loni ivuga ko guhera ku ya 25 Gicurasi, amazu 1.000 yarasenyutse n'imidugudu 17 irasenyuka. Ku ya 28 Gicurasi, abayobozi batangaje ko bimuwe ku gahato abantu bagera ku 400.000 bava i Goma kubera guturika. Iyimurwa rije mu gihe "igihugu kitorohewe" kubera ibikorwa by'inyeshyamba mu karere. <ref>https://www.dw.com/en/dr-congo-400000-flee-goma-over-volcano-eruption-fears/a-57705516</ref> == Kunegura == [[Dosiye:Goma_Volcanological_Observatory_(OVG)_equipment_PHOTO_DU_JOUR_DU_DIMANCHE_17_OCTOBRE_2021.jpg|thumb| Ibikoresho byatanzwe na US Geological Survey]] Abaturage bashinje Observatoire ya Goma kuba idatanga amakuru y'iruka. Banki y'isi yari yarakuyeho inkunga yagenewe abahanga bakora ubushakashatsi muri 2020, kandi nyuma y’amezi make, ikigo cy’indorerezi cyahagaritse gukurikirana ikirunga. <ref>https://www.africanews.com/2021/05/23/dr-congo-nyiragongo-volcano-not-monitored-for-seven-months/</ref> Ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2021, ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi cyari cyatanze amakuru y'uko ibikorwa by’ibiza byabereye i Nyiragongo byariyongereye, kandi mbere yari yaraburiye ko ikiyaga cya lava cy’ibirunga cyuzuye, bikongerera amahirwe yo guturika cyangwa ibiza biterwa na nyamugigima. <ref name="BBC20210523">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57217326</ref> Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubumenyi mu kigo cy’ibirunga cya Goma, Celestin Kasereka Mahinda, ngo kubura amafaranga ni byo byatumye bigora abahanga bo muri Observatoire kuburira abaturage icyo gihe kiruka. Mahinda kandi yagiriye inama abaturage ba Goma kwirinda kujya ahantu hibasiwe na lava kuva mu birunga, bityo bakirinda kugenda bitari ngombwa, kubera ko lava ari mbi kandi ari uburozi. <ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/residents-search-for-dead-killed-by-congos-volcano-eruption/2021/05/24/196b70b6-bca5-11eb-922a-c40c9774bc48_story.html</ref> <ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/congo-volcano-eruption-death-toll-rises/</ref> == Ingaruka == Kuva ku ya 22 Kanama 2021 ubuzima bwagarutse cyane muri Goma. Abayobozi batekereza kwimura ibice by'umujyi mu mujyi wa Sake kubera iterabwoba ryatewe n'ikirunga n'ikiyaga cya Kivu. <ref>https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/reporters/20210827-in-goma-burning-questions-remain-after-volcanic-eruption</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Goma]] [[Ikiciro:Ibirunga bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ciqd9dxdztv3lp3pf8ajouhp4knhsz4 0 10138 82557 82424 2022-04-25T11:17:25Z Divine2004 10613 wikitext text/x-wiki Mu Rwanda haramoko yi bicyeri arenga 53 kandiko ayo moko yose afite akamaro mw,iterambere ry,igihugu bityo ibicyeri bikaba bikwiriye ku bunga bungwa. kwisi hose haramoko yi bicyeri ajyera 108.[[File:Igicyeri mu mwobo.jpg|thumb|Igicyeri mu mwobo]] == Amazina y'ibicyeri == MU [[Rwanda]] hagaragara amoko 4 yi bicyeri. 1.Nyamabondo 2.Imitubu 49 3.seseria == Umumaro wi bicyeri == Ibicyeri bimenyekanisha imihindagurikire y'ikirere.nu mwimerere <ref>com/watch?v=djowFFa2rHQ</ref> Ibicyeri dushobora kubyifashisha tukabona amakuru yose ducyeneye ku bishanga. Ibicyeri birya udukoko duto bityo bikagabanya umubare w'u twashoboraga kwajyiza ibihigwa n'ibindi bimera. Ibicyeri bijyira uruhare murucyera rujyendo ku buryo abantu batapfa kubimenya.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/11/151117_tanzaniaminers</ref> Ibicyeri n'ibiribwa bikomeye kunyoni hari nyoni zirira ibicyeri kandi izo nyoni zikaba zikurura ba mucyerarujyendo. == Ingaruka z'ibicyeri mu Rwanda == Haramutse hatari ibicyeri mu rwanda inyoni z'irya ibicyeri zahunga cg zikazimira icyogihe byahobya igihugu byinshi<ref>903214880099077</ref> == Umwihariko w'ibicyeri == Ibicyeri bifite umwihariko kuko nahandi wa bisanga kwisi. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2015/11/151117_tanzaniaminers</ref> harubwoko 3 bwihariye mu rwanda utasanga ahandi # hayiporis jacke # hayiporis Rwandan # seseria == REBA == nnfyjxfxa9xygz72mnajk8cj0r61qp7 0 10139 82431 82430 2022-04-07T10:24:06Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki kunywera itabi muruhame ubusanzwe si byiza nubwo hari abadasobanukiwe ububi bwabyo ariko abahanga mu buzima bwa muntu bagaragaza ububi bwo kunywera itabi [[Dosiye:No_smoking.svg|thumb|No smoking]] == itabi muruhame == Ashingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida N° 13/ ryo ku wa 25/05/2005 ryemeza kandi rihamya burundu Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima yerekeranye ububi bwo kunywa itabi ndetse no kurinywera muruhame<ref>https://www.tobaccocontrollaws.org/files/live/Rwanda/Rwanda%20-%20MoH%202005%20Instructions%20-%20national.pdf</ref> byagaragaye ko kunywa itabi ubwabyo byangiza ubuzima bw'abarinywa ndetse nabatarinywa ariko begeranye nabarinywa kuko barihumeka<ref>https://web.facebook.com/radiorwanda/posts/kubuza-kunywera-itabi-aho-abantu-bateraniye-ubona-bishyirwa-mu-bikorwa-hose/2639700582825242/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> mu mwuka mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse nahandi kw'Isi bagiye bafata ingamba zitandukanye zo kwirinda ingaruka z'itabi ndetse no kubuzima bwite bw'abaturage mu [[Rwanda]] hafashwe ingamba zo gushyiraho ahantu humwihariko kubanwyi b'itabi igihe bari ahantu habera ibikorwa Rusange. [[Inteko ishinga amategeko]] umutwe w'abadepite wagaragaje Impungenge iterwa nikoreshwa ry'Itabi ku Rubyiruko mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse isaba [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y'ubuzima]] kugaragaza Ingamba irimo gufata mukurwanya ikoreshwa ry'itabi mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no kugaragaza dose yemewe y'itabi rigomba kunyobwa mugihugu kuko biteye impungenge cyane cyane ku Rubyiruko.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisante-yasabwe-kugaragaza-ingamba-zo-kurwanya-ikoreshwa-ry-itabi-mu-bana</ref> == Ingaruka zo Kunywa Itabi == Raporo ya Tobacco Atlas ya 2019 igaragaza ko buri mwaka mu [[Rwanda]] hapfa abantu barenga 2000 bazize indwara ziterwa no kunywa itabi, naho Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-gukuraho-ahanywerwa-itabi</ref>ku buzima [[World Medical Association|Organization Mondale De santé]] OMS rikagaragaza ko buri mwaka ku Isi hapfa abantu miliyoni 8 bazize itabi. Mu bindi leta isabwa harimo gushyiraho ahantu hagenewe kunywera itabi mu buryo bwa rusange. <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/minisante-yasabwe-kugaragaza-ingamba-zo-kurwanya-ikoreshwa-ry-itabi-mu-bana</ref> == Ingamba == muri 2017 Ugushyingo itariki 16 [[umujyi wa Kigali]] washyizeho ingamba zo kwirinda ingaruka zo kunywa Itabi ubwo [[Dosiye:Smoking_(6307374507).jpg|thumb|Smoking (6307374507)]] kampenye yo kurwanya kunywa itabi kuko ryica ubuzima bwabarinywa ubwo bagiraga bati ikirere nta mipaka kigira ntaburenganzira nabuke umuntu afite bwo kunywera itabi muruhame kereka igihe ari wenyine bemeza ko kandi mu [[Rwanda]] abana bari munsi yimyaka 18 batemerewe kunywa itabi ndetse no kurikoraho ariko abakuru bo bararinywa bagiye bashyiraho kandi ibyapa bigaragaza ko kunywera itabi muruhame bitemewe ahantu henshi hatandukanye nko kumazu y'[[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] mutubyiniro mutubari mwisoko ndetse nahandi henshi hatandukanye hahurira abantu benshi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/urusobe-rw-ubuzima/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-ugiye-gukuraho-ahanywerwa-itabi</ref> == Shakira Hano == <references /> orehbuj9a220jsblr1h5jgoe0zzu6e2 0 10140 82436 82435 2022-04-07T12:06:02Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki == Igishanga cya Nyandungu ==[[File:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Igishanga mu Rwanda]] mumyaka yashize uwumvaga [[Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park|nyandungu]] yayumvga nk'igishanga cyibasirwa nimyuzure igishanga giteye ubwoba<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/article/igishanga-cya-nyandungu-kigiye-gushyirwamo-ubusitani-abantu-bajye-baharuhukira</ref> kandi bamwe bagikoreshaga nk'ikimoteri kuko bamenagamo imyanda yo mungo zabo cyari igishanga ubonako ntakerekezo gifite. muri icyogihe ibinyabuzima byari biri muri icyo gishanga harimo nk'inyoni nibindi byatangiye guhunga utuyira nyabagendwa turasibama kubera imyuzure ikabije nisayo byamanurwaga nimvura ituruka hirya nohino muri [[Kigali]]. hakorerwaga kandi ubuhinzi butita kubidukikije ikigishanga cyari cyarakamye kubera kutitabwaho no gucukuramo ibumba<ref>https://panorama.rw/index.php/2021/11/11/rema-icyanya-cya-nyandungu-kizatangira-gukora-mu-kuboza/</ref> == Ubukungu == mu mwaka wa 2015 nibwo hatekerejwe umushinga wabyazwa muri iki gishanga murwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije<ref>http://thesourcepost.com/index.php/2021/11/04/dutembere-mu-gishanga-cya-nyandungu-ahantu-nyaburanga-habungabunga-ibidukikije/</ref> ndetse no kukibyaza umusaruro kigakurura ba mukerarugendo basura [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] aribwo hafatwaga ingamba zo kugihinduramo [[Pariki|pariki y'ubukerarugendo]] bubungabunga ibidukikije ikongewa muzari zisanzwemu [[Rwanda]]. imirimo yo kugitunganya yatangiye muri 2016 == Akamaro == muguhindura iki gishanga hatekerejwe kubungabunga urusobe rw'[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]],kubakamo ibikorwa remezo ndetse no kubibyaza<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/nyandungu-yabaye-nshya-igishanga-cyarasazuwe-kigiye-gukoreshwa-nka-pariki-yo</ref> umusaruro bigakurura ba [[Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda|Mukerarugendo]] mu [[Rwanda]] iki gishanga kandi hateganyijwe guterwamo ibiti bisa nkibiri gucika birimo ‘umugote’, ‘igikakarubamba’, ‘imiravumba’, ‘iminyinya’, ‘ikirogora’, ‘umubirizi’, ‘igicuncu’, ‘igitenetene’, ‘umukunde kugirango bizifashshwe mugusobanurira abakiri bato ibyo aribyo hari kandi ubusitani bwo kwicaramo ndetse nutuyira twa siporo turi kubuso bwa kirometero 10 hatewemo kandi imiti imwe nimwe yo mubimera yakoreshwaga nabakera mubuvuzi gakondo nyuma yo gutunganwya kwiki Gishanga kandi byatumye bimwe mubinyabuzima byari byarahunze birimo nk'inyoni nibindi.<ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/ibyegeranyo/tuhamenye/article/tuhamenye-nyandungu-wetland-eco</ref> == Inyungu Rusange == iki gishanga gifitiye igihugu akamaro cyane cyane [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] ndetse nabagituriye kuko kigizwe nurusobe rw '[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]]<ref>https://panorama.rw/index.php/2021/11/11/rema-icyanya-cya-nyandungu-kizatangira-gukora-mu-kuboza/</ref> ndetse nibyatsi bitanga imiti myinshi itandukanye yifashishwa mukuvura [[Indwara y’igisebe cy’umufunzo|indwara]] zimwe nazimwe ikigishanga kirimo kandi ahantu ho kuruhukira,aho gufatira amafunguro,aho gukinira ikinamico,ndetse nutuyira twa siporo zabanyamaguru ndetse namagare<ref>http://www.fonerwa.org/kin/kubungabunga-igishanga-cya-nyundungu-ndetse-no-kubakamo-pariki-yubukerarugendo</ref> == Inyoni ziri muri iki gishanga == muri ikigishanga harimo amoko y'inyoni asaga 70 ndetse nurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye namoko y'ibiti menshi atandukanye harimo natanga imiti. == Aho giherereye == Nyandungu Urban Wetland Eco-Tourism Park, ni uburyo iki gishanga kiri gutunganywamo, ni igishanga giherereye mu Mirenge ya Ndera ho mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] na Nyarugunga muri [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], == Reba == bg6fzdfy88l4j41l3ny51zork321ltt 0 10141 82440 82439 2022-04-07T16:33:59Z MrTallBoy 9928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Nyabarongo II''', ni urugomero runini rwubatswe kuri [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]] mu [[Rwanda]] . Urugomero rureshya na 48 metres (157 ft) ubujyejuru na 228 metres (748 ft) mu burebure, rukoze ikigega gifite ubushobozi bwo 846,000,000 cubic metres (2.9876208046 . Biteganijwe kandi ko iki kigega kizatanga amazi yo kuhira hafi 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres), munsi y’urugomero. Byongeye kandi, urugomero ruzakira '''Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi ya Nyabarongo II''', ifite ingufu za megawatt 43.5. <ref name="1R">https://www.africa-energy.com/article/rwanda-nyabarongo-ii-construction-begin-next-month</ref> <ref name="2R">https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/nyabarongo-ii-hydropower-project/</ref> == Aho biherereye == Urugomero rwa Nyabarongo II ruherereye hafi y'umujyi wa Shyorongi, mu Karere ka Rulindo, mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]] y'u Rwanda. Ubu ni 21 kilometres (13 mi) mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w' u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="3R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kigali,+Rwanda/Shyorongi,+Rwanda/@-1.8738048,29.9405276,12z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19dca4258ed8e797:0xf32b36a5411d0bc8!2m2!1d30.0618851!2d-1.9440727!1m5!1m1!1s0x19dc97fcab2a8c0d:0x401b3a24ad56c7a3!2m2!1d29.9726081!2d-1.857311!3e0</ref> == Amateka == Muri kamena 2018, guverinoma yu Rwanda, ibinyujije mu kigo gishinzwe ''iterambere ry’ingufu'' (EDCL), ishami rya Rwanda Energy Group (REG), yemeranyije na Sinohydro kugira ngo bubake uru rugomero rugamije (a) kubika amazi yo kuhira (b) kugenga imyuzure (c) gutanga megawatt 43.5 zingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango wongere kuri gride yigihugu. <ref name="4R">https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-sinohydro-invests-214-million-in-nyabarongo-ii-dam-construction/</ref> Muri Mata 2019, amasezerano hagati y’impande yarasobanuwe. Sinohydro yashinzwe kubaka urugomero no kugira ibice bikora, bitarenze 2025. Icyitegererezo cyinyubako kizakoreshwa cyemeranijweho "kubaka, gutunga, gukora no kwimura" (BOOT). Ikiguzi cy'umushinga cyateganijwe ni miliyoni 214 z'amadolari. <ref name="4R" /> Sitasiyo ya Nyabarongo II igamije kongera 28 megawatts (38,000 hp) . == Iterambere, inkunga nigihe ntarengwa == Amasezerano y’ubwubatsi, n'amasoko yahawe Sinohydro, ikigo kita ku mashanyarazi ya Leta m’Ubushinwa, inganda n’ubwubatsi, ku giciro cy’amadorari miliyoni 214. Amafaranga yahawe guverinoma y'u Rwanda, avuye muri Exim Bank y'Ubushinwa ku buryo bworoshye. <ref name="5R">https://www.hydropower-dams.com/news/rwanda-signs-financing-agreement-for-nyabarongo-ii-project/</ref>Kubaka byatangiye muri Mata 2021 bikaba biteganijwe ko bizakomeza kugeza mu Kuboza 2025. == Ibikorwa remezo bifitanye isano == Usibye urugomero n’amashanyarazi, Sinohydro isezerana kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikurikira, mu rwego rwuyu mushinga: (a) ikiraro cyambukiranya [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|uruzi rwa Nyabarongo]] (b) uruganda rukora amashanyarazi 110kV (c) umurongo wa 110kV upima 19 kilometres (12 mi), kuva kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi kugera kuri sitasiyo ya Rulindo, aho ingufu zizinjira muri gride y'igihugu (d) umuhanda uhoraho ugana ahahoze urugomero. Ibyo byose bizarangira mumezi 56. <ref name="5R" /> == references == [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] lrmc50tyjurs37ecmytc6kks4re9rih 0 10142 82441 2022-04-07T16:43:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1043567102|Akanyaru Multipurpose Dam]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rw'Umugezi w'Akanyaru''' , ni urugomero rwambuka uruzi rwa Akanyaru, ku mupaka mpuzamahanga uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] . Urugomero ruzakora ikigega gifite ubushobozi bwa 333,000,000 cubic metres (1.1759784018 . Biteganijwe ko ayo mazi azatanga amazi yo kunywa ku bantu bagera ku 614.200 mu bihugu byombi. Biteganijwe kandi ko iki kigega kizatanga amazi yo kuhira kuri 12,474 hectares (30,820 acres) bw’ubuhinzi mu Burundi no mu Rwanda, bikagirira akamaro abahinzi 24.948. Urugomero ruzatanga kandi '''amashanyarazi akomoka ku mazi y'Akanyaru''' , afite ingufu za 14.5 MW (19.400) hp) . <ref name="1R">https://www.afrik21.africa/en/rwanda-burundi-the-two-countries-will-mobilize-190-million-for-the-akanyaru-dam/</ref> == Aho biherereye == Sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi iri ku ruzi rwa Akanyaru, ku mupaka w’u Rwanda n’Uburundi, mu karere ka Gisagara muri iki gihe mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo, u Rwanda ndetse no muri Komine ya Ntega mu Ntara ya Kirundo, mu Burundi. <ref name="2R">https://nelsap.nilebasin.org/index.php/en/media-items/factsheets/34-akanyaru-multipurpose-water-resources-project-brief-march-2020/file</ref> Urugomero rugera kuri 160 kilometres (99 mi), kumuhanda, mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru wu Rwanda. <ref name="3R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kibayi,+Rwanda/Kigali,+Rwanda/@-2.3366136,29.6191781,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c39e9338cf1275:0xf634ad5f3a5e1493!2m2!1d29.8612703!2d-2.7327804!1m5!1m1!1s0x19dca4258ed8e797:0xf32b36a5411d0bc8!2m2!1d30.0618851!2d-1.9440727!3e0</ref> Ubu ni 150 kilometres (93 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyaruguru ya Gitega, umujyi wu Burundi. <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ntega,+Burundi/Gitega,+Burundi/@-2.9649414,29.6748238,8.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c37a2645228687:0x1bd3130956547e07!2m2!1d29.9997203!2d-2.6148713!1m5!1m1!1s0x19c14452ea1ca4e7:0x42aade0278ba3d8e!2m2!1d29.9246016!2d-3.4272755!3e0</ref> == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa 2012, ibihugu byombi byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba hamwe na gahunda y'ibikorwa byo mu biyaga bya Nil Equatorial (NELSAP), byagaragaje ''umushinga wo guteza imbere umutungo w'amazi y'Akanyaru'' . Muri uwo mwaka, NELSAP yakoze ubushakashatsi bwibanze. <ref name="2R" /> Muri 2015, Inama y'Abaminisitiri ya Nili yemeje umushinga wa Akanyaru. Intumwa zaturutse mu Rwanda no mu Burundi zapimye aho umushinga uzaba muri Gicurasi 2016. Muri Werurwe 2018, NELSAP yateguye icyifuzo cyuzuye cyo guterwa inkunga na [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (AfDB). Muri 2020, hatanzwe amasoko yo gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage (ESIA), gahunda y’ibikorwa byo kwimura abantu (RAP), ubushakashatsi bwuzuye bushoboka, gutegura ibisobanuro birambuye no gutegura inyandiko zipiganwa kumushinga. Biteganijwe ko ubushakashatsi bwumushinga buzarangira muri Werurwe 2022. == Inkunga == Muri Gashyantare 2021, ikiguzi cy'umushinga cyabazwe miliyoni 190 US $. Gusaba inguzanyo byakorewe AfDB, hamwe na ''NEPAD IInfrastructure Project Preparation Facility'' (NEPAD-IPPF). == Ibindi bitekerezo == Icyifuzo cya 14.5 megawatts (19,400 hp) cy'Amashanyarazi ya Akanyaru, biteganijwe ko azatanga amashanyarazi kumazu 141.111 mubihugu byombi, akorera abantu bagera kuri 846.000. Uyu mushinga urimo kandi gusana amasoko yangiritse hejuru yurugomero rwa Akanyaru. == references == [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] cu8a5ok8j2b72ccpe410s18jdvqv6hv 0 10143 82442 2022-04-07T16:58:31Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1031195370|Nyabarongo I Hydroelectric Power Station]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Nyabarongo I''' ni Urugomero rwa 28 megawatts (38,000 hp) z’amashanyarazi mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="2R">https://mapcarta.com/34549276</ref> == Aho biherereye == Urugomero ruherereye k'[[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]], hafi y'umudugudu wa ''Mushishiro'', [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo . <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/02/rwanda-china-to-sign-financing-deal-for-nyabarongo-power-project/</ref>harimo 75 kilometres (47 mi), kumuhanda, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] mu Rwanda. <ref>http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali%20(Kigali)%20&toplace=Mushishiro%20(Gitarama)&fromlat=-1.9536111&tolat=-2.3&fromlng=30.0605556&tolng=29.65</ref> Mushishiro iri hafi 35 kilometres (22 mi), kumuhanda, mumajyepfo yicyicaro cyintara y'amajyepfo . <ref>http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gitarama%20(Gitarama)%20&toplace=Mushishiro%20(Gitarama)&fromlat=-2.0744444&tolat=-2.3&fromlng=29.7566667&tolng=29.65</ref> == Incamake == Urugomero rwa Nyabarongo I ni urugomero rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda, rwuzuye mu Kwakira 2014, rufite itariki yo gutangizwa mu Gushyingo 2014. Ku kigereranyo cya miliyoni 110 US $, hateganijwe kwishyiriraho ubushobozi bwa MW 28. Uyu mushinga urimo urugomero, rufite igishushanyo mbonera cy’uruzi, hakurya y'Uruzi i Mwogo, imwe mu masoko [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|y'uruzi rwa Nyabarongo]] . Uyu mushinga, wakozwe na '''Angelique International Limited''' & Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited yo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], n’umushinga munini w'amashanyarazi mu [[Rwanda]], kugeza ubu. Naresh Kapoor Sr., ni Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe umushinga washyizweho na Angelique International Limited yo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] . Bimwe mubikorwa byubwubatsi byanasezeranye nisosiyete yo muri Ositaraliya Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC). Ibyo bice byombi byahujwe na gride yu Rwanda ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2014 na 30 Ukwakira 2014. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yahaye rwiyemezamirimo igihe ntarengwa mu Kwakira 2014. urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwararangiye ishyikirizwa abakiriya ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2014. Yafunguwe ku mugaragaro na perezida w'u Rwanda ku ya 5 Werurwe 2015. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/nyabarongo-hydro-power-plant-cost-214-million</ref><ref>https://www.eia.nl/documenten/00000508.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/muhanga-abaturiye-urugomero-rwa-nyabarongo-batagerwaho-n-amashanyarazi-baremwe</ref><ref>http://www.rba.co.rw/minisitiri-musoni-yasuye-urugomero</ref> * == references == [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] mdys4xj3c14kfnmrsy9mhj9ln0vg1x4 0 10144 82443 2022-04-07T17:03:49Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/952273366|Rukarara Hydroelectric Power Station]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Rukarara''' ni Urugomero rwa 9.5 MW (12.700) hp) z’amashanyarazi mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="Open">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-01-12/rwanda-starts-operating-rukarara-hydropower-plant-ministry-says</ref> <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201009220162.html</ref> == Aho biherereye == Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi iherereye ku mugezi wa Rukarara, mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u Rwanda, hafi 182 kilometres (113 mi) mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nyamagabe%2C%20Southern%20Province%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda%2C&dt1=ChIJo3PUuzoawxkRUT6iM5nqPm4&dt2=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M</ref> == Incamake == Urugomero rwa MW 9,6 rwubatswe mubyiciro byinshi. Icyiciro cya mbere, gifite ubushobozi bwa MW 6.9, cyarangiye muri 2011. Icyiciro cya kabiri, gifite ubushobozi bwa MW 2,2 cyarangiye muri 2014. Amafaranga yo kubaka sitasiyo yose y’amashanyarazi yari miliyoni 13.12 US $, inkunga yatanzwe na guverinoma yu Rwanda, [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] [https://www.btcctb.org/en/ n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’Ububiligi] . <ref>http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2014/06/rwanda-complete-2-2-mw-rukarara-2-small-hydropower-project.html</ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Amashanyarazi yatanzwe yimurwa binyuze muri sitasiyo nshya i Rukarara no mu murongo mushya w'amashanyarazi maremare kuva Rukarara kugera Kirinda. <ref>http://www.africanreview.com/energy-a-power/transmission/opec-fund-for-rwanda-power-project</ref> == References == [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] phy8pldwromauqkxguner6uulrl1vag 0 10145 82444 2022-04-07T17:16:09Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1041068549|Ruzizi III Hydroelectric Power Station]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Ruzizi ya III''' ni urugomero rw’amashanyarazi ruteganijwe gushyirwaho ingufu za MW 147 mu gihe rwuzuye. <ref name="Fin">http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2016/01/afdb-approves-financing-for-147-mw-ruzizi-3-hydropower-plant.html</ref> <ref name="Joint">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Rwanda-Joint-study-on-Lake-Kivu-DRC-/1433218-3995702-txh6v7z/index.html</ref> == Aho biherereye == urugomero rw’amashanyarazi ruherereye ku mugezi wa Ruzizi, unyura ku mupaka uhuriweho n’u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (RDC). Aho iherereye ni 5 kilometres (3 mi) mu burengerazuba bw'umujyi wa Bugarama, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda]], hafi 267 kilometres (166 mi), mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. <ref>http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali&toplace=Bugarama%2C%20Western%20Province%2C%20Rwanda%2C&dt1=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M&dt2=ChIJF2WipJCKwhkRNvQV4NPpALs</ref> Imirongo igereranya ya Ruzizi ya III Yamashanyarazi ni: <ref>https://www.google.com/maps/place/2%C2%B042'05.0%22S+28%C2%B057'56.0%22E/@-2.7102568,28.9783899,12.83z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-2.7013889!4d28.9655556</ref> == Incamake == urugomero rw’amashanyarazii ni urwa gatatu muri casade y'amashanyarazi ku ruzi rwa Ruzizi, igirira akamaro ibihugu [[Uburundi|by'Uburundi]], DRC n'u Rwanda. Amashanyarazi arimo Ruzizi I (megawatt 29.8) na Ruzizi II (megawatt 43.8), byombi biherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Ruzizi ya III kandi byombi bikora guhera muri Kamena 2017. Imbaraga zitangwa zizagabanywa mubihugu bitatu binyuze mumiyoboro isanzwe yo gukwirakwiza, ihujwe na Ruzizi I na Ruzizi II. Amashanyarazi yombi hamwe numuyoboro wohereza bizasubirwamo. Biteganijwe ko u Rwanda rwakira megawatt 50 na megawatt 147 zavuye kuri Ruzizi III. <ref name="Grey">https://www.esi-africa.com/news/rwanda-secures-grant-increase-share-ruzizi-iii-project/</ref> == Inkunga == Kugeza mu Kuboza 2015, amafaranga yo kubaka yabazwe ni miliyoni 625.19 US $. Muri ibyo, "miliyoni 138.88 z'amadolari y'Amerika zizatangwa na Leta aturutse muri AfDB na miliyoni 50.22 z'amadorali yavuye mubikorera". <ref name="Bud" /> Abandi baterankunga barimo Banki y’ishoramari y’i Burayi, <ref>https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/ruzizi-hydropower-plant_en</ref> KfW <ref name="Bud" /> na Banki y'Isi . Raporo iheruka gushyira igiciro cya miliyoni 450 $. Gufunga gutanga amafaranga biteganijwe ko bizagerwaho hagati ya 2021. <ref>https://www.vivafrik.com/2020/03/02/energie-propre-10-millions-de-congolais-beneficieront-du-projet-ruzizi-iii-a35015.html</ref> == Abashinzwe iterambere == Muri Kanama 2019, byavuzwe ko guverinoma eshatu z’Afurika bireba zahisemo Scatec (yahoze yitwa SN Power ) na Serivisi ishinzwe guteza imbere inganda (IPS) kugira ngo ikore uyu mushinga w’ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. , ingufu zitangwa hano biteganijwe ko zizatwara amadolari ya Amerika 0.11 na US $ 0.13 kuri kilo Watthour yingufu. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 30 bazabyungukiramo. <ref name="9R">https://www.afrik21.africa/en/east-africa-sn-power-and-ips-will-develop-ruzizi-iii-dam-project/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Rwanda]] 5msjiae2xdajv50j489pd0p7kghrj95 0 10146 82540 82447 2022-04-20T12:27:11Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 /* Amashyamba mu Rwanda */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyungwe-Nationalpark.jpg|thumb|391x391px|Nyungwe Forest]] Amashyamba kimeza ni amashyamba yimejeje afite ibiti byimejeje ndetse nibindi binyabuzima bibamo bikaba bihaba nta muntu wabigizemo uruhare.<ref>https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/natural-forest</ref> == Amashyamba mu Rwanda == Amashyamba ni kimwe mu mitungo ya kamere u [[Rwanda]] rugifite byumwihariko amashyamba ya kimeza bikaba akarusho kuko bifasha mw'ibungabungwa by'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/amashyamba-kimeza-107-asigaye-mu-rwanda-ashobora-kuzimira</ref> Mu [[Rwanda]] dufite amashyamba kimeza hari amanini n'amato. mu mashyamba u [[Rwanda]] rufite harimo amashyamba azwi nka Gishwati, Nyungwe ndetse n'ishyamba rya mukura.<ref>http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/tuhamenye-sobanukirwa-ishyamba-rya</ref> == Akamaro k'amashyamba == Amashyamba abahanga bemezako ari nk'ibihaha by[[isi]] kuberako anyunyuza umwuka urimo ubumara (Carbon) mu ndimi zamahanga, nkuko bidashobokako umuntu abaho nta bihaha afite niko n'[[isi]] idashobora kubaho idafite amashyamba.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59272357</ref> == kwita no kurinda amashyamba kimeza mu Rwanda == Guverinoma y'U [[Rwanda]] yahagurukiye ikibazo cyaba rushimusi [[Igiti|bibiti]] bituma bagabanuka ndetse hafashwe n'ingamba zikaze zo kurinda amashyamna. mu ngamba zafashwe zirimo kongerera abaturage ubumenyi kugirango bizamure imyumvire bafite kukurinda Amashyamba ariko hakanashyirwaho n'uburyo abaturage bakwiteza imbere ariko banarinda amashyamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/amashyamba-kimeza-107-asigaye-mu-rwanda-ashobora-kuzimira</ref> Mu intangiriro amashyamba 20 niyo yashizwe mu azabanza kwitabwaho ariko uko ubushobozi buboneka nandi akazakomeza kwitabwaho. mu rwego rwo kurinda amashyamba kandi hashyizweho gahunda yo gutera [[Igiti|ibiti]] bikavangwa n'imyaka cyane cyane ahegereye ya mashyamba akeneye kurindwa kugirango abaturage nibakenera ibiti bakoreshe ibyo batangije Amashyamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/amashyamba-kimeza-107-asigaye-mu-rwanda-ashobora-kuzimira</ref> == Reba == 02ybs8gi8ghmkaknsjmhpecot75v0e7 0 10147 82590 82458 2022-04-30T09:35:11Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 editing wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Ruzizi IV''', ni urugomero rw’amashanyarazi, ruzatanga ingufu za 287 megawatts (385,000 hp).<ref>Rusizi: Hatashywe urugomero ruzafasha abahinzi kuhira imyaka - Kigali Today</ref> <ref name="1R">https://allafrica.com/stories/202001140671.html</ref> == Aho biherereye == Urugomero rwa [[Rusizi]] IV rw ' amashanyarazi ruherereye ku mugezi wa Ruzizi, unyura ku mupaka uhuriweho cg ( uhana imbibi) n’u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (DC). Aho iherereye ni 5 kilometres (3 mi), , iburengerazuba bw 'umujyi wa Bugarama, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y’Uburengerazuba]], 252 kilometres (157 mi), mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda. <ref name="2R">https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?vr=seyo&fromlat=-1.9536111&fromlng=30.0605556&tolat=-2.6911111&tolng=29.0216667&fromplace=Kigali,%20Kigali%20Rwanda%20RW&toplace=Bugarama,%20Cyangugu%20Rwanda%20RW</ref> Ruzizi IV, yegereye izindi sitasiyo eshatu z'amashanyarazi ku ruzi rwa Ruzizi, arizo Rizizi I, II na III. <ref name="1R" /> == Incamake == Uru rugomero rw 'amashanyarazi ni urwa kane (4) ku ruzi rwa Ruzizi, rugira akamaro ibihugu [[Uburundi|by'Uburundi]], DRC n'u Rwanda. Amashanyarazi arimo Ruzizi I (29.8 megawatt) na Ruzizi II (megawatt 43.8), byombi biherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Ruzizi III kandi byombi byarangiye gukora guhera muri Mutarama 2020. [[Urugomero rwa Ruzizi ya III|Sitasiyo ya Ruzizi III Amashanyarazi]] ni megawatt 147 z'amashanyarazi arimo gutezwa imbere kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 2010. <ref name="3R">https://www.hydroreview.com/2016/01/04/afdb-approves-financing-for-147-mw-ruzizi-3-hydropower-plant/</ref> Imbaraga zituruka kuri ayo mashanyarazi zisaranganywa kimwe hagati y’ibihugu bitatu bituranye. <ref name="1R" /> == Inkunga == Muri Mutarama 2020, [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] yemeje inkunga ingana na miliyoni 8 zo gutegura uyu mushinga. Ibi bikurikira bikurikira indi nkunga ya US $ 980.000 yemejwe mu mpera za 2018 ikigo gishinzwe ''ubufatanye bw’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bya Afurika'' (NEPAD-IPPF), bigana ku ntego imwe. <ref name="4R">https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/afdb-ruzizi-iv-hydropower/</ref> == References == [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Gahunda ya Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] qgcj5sdnzlaa3r2eihk212ja7ezres4 0 10148 82560 82559 2022-04-25T19:07:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 MrTallBoy moved page [[Amashashi na Parasiki]] to [[Amashashi na Parasitiki]]: Proper naming wikitext text/x-wiki Reta y'u [[Rwanda]] yatangiye guca ikoreshwa ry' amashashi na parasitiki nkabimwe mu bikoresho byifashishwaga mu buzima bw' abanyarwanda harimo uducupa twamazi dukoze muri palasitiki , amashashi yakoreshwaga afungwamo bimwe mu bicuruzwa [[Isukari|nk'isukari]], amafu atandukanye cyangwa amashashi yakoreshwaga atwarwamo ibyahashywe mu masoko.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/u-rwanda-nyuma-yo-guca-amashashi-pulasitiki-zikoreshwa-rimwe-nazo-zatangiye</ref> == Itegeko rihana ikoreshwa ry' amasashi na parasiki == Mu mwaka wa 2008, Leta y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yasohoye itegeko ribuza ikorwa, itumizwa, ikoreshwa n’icuruzwa ry’amasashi akoze muri parasitiki. Iri tegeko rinagena n’ibihano ku warirezeho birimo igifungo kiva ku mezi atandatu kugeza ku mwaka n’ihazabu iva ku bihumbi 100 kugera ku bihumbi 500 Frw cyangwa kimwe muri byo ku bakora cyangwa abakoresha aya masashi. Ugurisha  aya masashi we ahanishwa kuva ku ihazabu y’ibihumbi 10 kugera ku bihumbi 300 Frw, naho umuntu wese utabyemerewe ukoresha aya masashi  ahanishwa ihazabu iri hagati y’ibihumbi 5 n’ibihumbi 100<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/amashashi-rema-yayahagurukiyeuyafatanywe-aracibwa-agera-kuri-300-000-frw.hmtl</ref> == Ikoreshwa ry'amashashi na parasiki byangiza ibidukikije == Nyuma yikorwa ry'ubushakakashatsi ku bidukikije reta y'uRwanda ibicishije mu Ikigo cy’ igihugu cyo kurengera ibidukikije REMA bagarageje muri zimwe mu ngaruka mbi ziterwa n'ikoreshwa ry' amashashi na palastiki zikurikira :<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/ikindi-gikorwa-cyo-kurwanya-ikoreshwa-ry-amashashi.html</ref> * Amashashi na parasiki bigira ingaruka mbi kubidukikije harimo gutuma amazi y’imvura atabasha gucengera mu butaka n’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ukagabanuka. * Amashashi na parasiki arekura imyuka ihumanya igihe atwitswe cyangwa akoreshejwe mu gupfundikira ibiryo biri ku ziko. * Amashashi na parasiki biteza umwanda ku bidukije ndetse no mu nzuzi n'imigezi kuko bitabora . * Amashashi na purasiki byangiza inzira z' amazi bikaba byateza isuru . * Amashashi na parsiki byangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/guca-amashashi-byagabanyije-umwanda-muri-kigali</ref>. [[Dosiye:Ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije.jpg|thumb|bimwe mu bikoresho bikoze muri parasiki byangiza ibidukikije ]] Amashashi na parasiki byangiza ibidukikije umwuka duhumeka,yanduza amazi ndetse ni izindi ngaruka mbi cyane kubidukikije muri rusange == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] c8gb8yp7zomrybo2xmamy0m3hoaie3j 0 10149 82478 82466 2022-04-12T09:00:08Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Umungezi wa akagera]] to [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] wikitext text/x-wiki Urizi rwa kagera ruzwi kwizi rya [[:en:Kagera_River|Alexandra nile]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagera_River</ref>, Ni uruzi rwo muri [https://rwandaecocompany.com/akagera-river/ Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]<ref>https://rwandaecocompany.com/akagera-river/</ref>, rukaba rugize igice cy'imigezi yo hejuru ya Nile kandi rutwara amazi ava mu masoko ya kure cyane. Uburebure bwa kilometero 597 (371 mi) uhereye ku nkomoko yayo iherereye mu kiyaga cya Rweru mu Rwanda. == Aho unyura == [[Dosiye:Akagera National Park Rwanda.jpg|thumb|420x420px|Akagera]] Igice cy'umugezi witwa Kagera [https://rwandaecocompany.com/akagera-river/ gitangirira mu Burundi]<ref>https://rwandaecocompany.com/akagera-river/</ref>, gitemba kiva mu kiyaga cya Rweru. Kuva ku kiyaga, [https://africangreatlakesinform.org/project/kagera-river-basin-management-project gitemba iburasirazuba]<ref>https://africangreatlakesinform.org/project/kagera-river-basin-management-project</ref> ugana ku Rwanda-Burundi na Rwanda-Tanzaniya kugera mu masangano n'umugezi wa Ruvubu. Amazi ya Kagera rero atangwa [[:en:Kagera_River|ninzuzi ebyiri nini]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagera_River</ref>, Nyabarongo yu Rwanda, igaburira ikiyaga cya Rweru, na Ruvubu yo mu Burundi. Ntibizwi muri izi nzuzi zombi zigaburira ni ndende bityo rero isoko yanyuma ya Nili. Kuva aho ihurira, Kagera itembera mu majyaruguru ku mupaka wa Rwanda na Tanzaniya, hejuru y’isumo rya Rusumo no muri Parike ya Akagera. Ihita ifata iburasirazuba, ikurikira [https://www.britannica.com/place/Kagera-River umupaka wa Tanzania] <ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Kagera-River</ref>na Uganda hanyuma ikisuka mu kiyaga cya Victoria muri Uganda. Mu 1898, [[:en:Kagera_River|Richard Kandt yavumbuye inkomoko ya Kagera.]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagera_River</ref>Uruzi rwagaragaye cyane mu mateka y'ibihugu runyuramo, cyane cyane u Rwanda. Mu 1894, Umudage [https://www.definitions.net/definition/kagera+river Gustav Adolf von Götzen]<ref>https://www.definitions.net/definition/kagera+river</ref> yambutse Kagera ku isoko ya Rusumo, atangira igihe cy'abakoloni b'u Rwanda; no mu 1916, mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ababiligi batsinze Abadage, binjira mu Rwanda mu nzira imwe. Uruzi rwamenyekanye cyane mu 1994 kubera gutwara imirambo yavuye muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu kiyaga cya Victoria, bituma hamenyekana ko ibintu byihutirwa mu turere twa Uganda, aho imirambo yaje kugaragara == Icyo wa menya == [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Kagera-River-Basin-location_fig1_281396462 Kagera yazamutse]<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Kagera-River-Basin-location_fig1_281396462</ref> mu Burundi yinjira mu kiyaga cya Victoria. [[:en:Kagera_River|Nicyo kinini cyinjira mu kiyaga]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagera_River</ref>, gitanga hafi metero kibe 6.4 z'amazi ku mwaka (hafi 28 ku ijana by'ikiyaga gisohoka). Kagera ikorwa no guhurira kwa Ruvuvu na Nyabarongo, hafi y’amajyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika. [https://mapcarta.com/13233220 Igizwe n'ibice by'Uburundi]<ref>https://mapcarta.com/13233220</ref> - Tanzaniya, u Rwanda - Tanzaniya, u Burundi - u Rwanda, na Tanzaniya - Uganda. Yitiriye izina rya Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda, ndetse no mu karere ka Kagera muri Tanzaniya. Ku ruzi hari Isumo rya Rusumo, ahantu h'ingenzi kwambukiranya u Rwanda na Tanzaniya. Ni hafi y'umujyi wa Rusumo. == Jenoside == Muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994 akagera ka koreshwaga mu guta imirambo kuko ibihumbi by'abatutsi bo mu rwego rwa politiki biciwe ku nkombe z'umugezi. Uruzi rwanganaga imirambo yiciwe mu kiyaga cya Victoria muri uganda. == Reba == p0omj6tkepuk8qmkrjtalnc63giudu2 0 10150 82471 82470 2022-04-11T10:02:28Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 /* Ibishanga mu Rwanda */ wikitext text/x-wiki Igishanga ni agace kubutaka karangwa n'ubushyuhe, acide ndetse n'uburumbuke buke bw'ubutaka n'amazi asohoka.<ref>https://rw.worldlifeadvice.com/10826632-why-it-is-necessary-to-protect-the-swamps</ref> igishanga ni ahantu hari ubutaka butose, akenshi bufite amazi, ibiti n'ibindi bimera bitandukanye.<ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/swamp</ref>[[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|318x318px|Igishanga]] == Ibishanga mu Rwanda == Ibishanga bibarirwa mu mitungo y'amazi leta ifite, ibishanga bihoramo amazi bikaba binakungahaye ku bimera bigomba kurindwa by'umwihariko, ibishanga bigomba kwitabwaho hitawe cyane kuruhare n'umumaro bigira mu kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/menya-itegeko-rigenga-ibidukikije-mu-rwanda-2/</ref> == kurinda ibishanga hitawe no kuburenganzira bw'abaturage == kuri uyu munsi isi ihangayikishijwe n'umuvuduko ukomeye wizimira ry'ibishanga. muriki kinyejana kimwe cya kabiri cyabo bimaze kuzimira.<ref>http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ukwiyongera-kwabaturage-ku-isonga</ref> == Reba == <references /> 3qwznqmtdwz1w35v5bkkwckwhxa4lxj 0 10151 82562 82474 2022-04-25T19:09:44Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Amashashi na Parasitiki]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amashashi na Parasitiki]] oyxofo6n1koagq46oige1e8hoigsvoz 0 10152 82477 2022-04-11T17:44:30Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 creating a page wikitext text/x-wiki Reta y'u Rwanda ibinyujije mu kigo cy’ igihugu cyo kurengera ibidukikije REMA yatangije ikoreshwa ry' impapuro mu gupfunyikamo ibi bikurikira iryo nk' amafu , isukari nibindi byapfunyikagwa mu mashashe kandi yangiza ibidukikije . == Impapuro ntizzngiza ibidukikije . == Impapuro ni zirabora ntizangiza ibidukikije , impapuro zirabora , ubutaka . amazi ndetse n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuza muri rusange . 2lqgqkhv7p498fpjg8yhzipeyhgkat4 0 10153 82479 2022-04-12T09:00:08Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Umungezi wa akagera]] to [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] dmsc4shtyvl75z20wgvkyo3haxyp6jp 0 10154 84202 82525 2022-05-19T07:50:55Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Kunywera itabi mu ruhame */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Itabi ry'umwotsi ==[[File:Nicotiana.jpg|thumb|Nicotiana]] Itabi ni kimwe mu biyobyabwenge banywa cyangwa se basohora umwotsi. [[Itabi]] rikorwa hifashishishijwe ibibabi ,abahanga mu by'ubuzima bavuga ko Muri ikigihe hariho ubwoko burenga 70 bw'itabi<ref>https://umutihealth.com/kunywa-itabi/</ref> . mu [[Rwanda]] nahandi kw'Isi. == Ingaruka ziterwa n'itabi == kunywa itabi byangiza mu buryo bukomeye bitewe n'uko umwotsi w'itabi habamo ikinyabutabire kitwa [[Itabi|nikotine]],ifite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza uturemangingo twubatse [[ubwonko]], ndetse bukangiza ubushobozi bwo gufata Abahanga bavuga ko [[Itabi|nikotine]] ihagarika ubudahangarwa bwo kurema uturemangingo dusimbura utwangiritse.<ref>https://agakiza.org/Waruziko-kunywa-itabi-byangiza-ingingo-zose-zubatse-umuntu.html</ref> Ikindi ni ko abanywi b'itabi bigabanyiriza Imyaka 14 yo kubaho ugereranije n'abatarinywa. ku banywi [[Igikamba (itabi)|b'itabi]] barimenyereye ntabwo arikuntu cyoroshye guhita barireka burundu. bisaba cyane kuba umuntu afite ubushake bukomeye bwo kurireka mbere ya byose<ref>https://dusabane.wordpress.com/2017/06/02/waruziko-ushobora-kubona-umuti-utuma-ucika-burundu-ku-itabi-n-urumugi/</ref> == Kunywera itabi mu ruhame == Nyuma y'indwara zikomeye zihitana imbaga y'abatuye [[isi]], zirimo ibyorezo n'indwara zidakira nka [[SIDA|Sida]] y'isasira ubuzima n'imbaga y'abatuye [[isi]], Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima ryemeza ko itabi ari kimwe mu biteza abatuye isi kwibasirwa n'indwara zikomeye z'ihitana imbaga y'abatuye mu [[Rwanda]] nahandi hose kw'isi. Miriyoni 6 nibo bapfa bariguze bakarinywa, naho abasaga ibihumbi 890 bicwa n'ingaruka ziterwa No guhumeka umwotsi w'itabi rinywewe mu ruhame, ni kuvuga ko ushobora kwicwa n'ingaruka z'itabi ariko utarinywa, ahubwo bigaterwa n'uko w'icaranye n'umuntu uri kurinywa, aba baturage kandi bapfa batarageza kumyaka 70 y'amavuko.<ref>https://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/mu-bushakashatsi-bwakozwe-na-oms</ref> == Ibigize itabi == Habonekamo : .[[Igikamba (itabi)|nikotine]] .[[Itabi|caribone monogiside]] (imyuka ihumanya)<ref>https://www.bazamuganga.org/2016/09/itabi-nubuzima-bwawe-ese-itabi-rigizwe.html?m=0</ref> == Reba == g6wg1583y107lbu2buv49ksqfruzspl 0 10155 82488 82487 2022-04-13T11:35:12Z Endikuemmy 9914 Edited wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:5670Farm_Ready_Seedling_Facility_East_West_Seed_Philippines_04.jpg|thumb|Aho batunganyiriza imbuto zo guhinga]] Rubaya community gene Bank iherereye mu murenge wa [https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4515__rubaya/ Rubaya]<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/rwanda/sector/admin/gicumbi/4515__rubaya/</ref> mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]] yu [[Rwanda]], iyobowe na koperative Kundisuka. Yatangiye igihe umuhinzi witwa Mpoberabanzi Silas na agronome ukorera mu murenge wa Rubaya bari bamaze kumenya ko bikenewe kubika neza imbuto zabimwe mubihingwa kuko hari bimwe bigenda bibura mu akarere (urugero: ubwoko bwinshi bwibishyimbo, amashaza, ibigori, ingano n'amasaka). Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umushinga ryatewe inkunga n'abakozi b'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi ([https://www.rab.gov.rw/index.php?id=180 RAB]) ku bufatanye na [https://www.bioversityinternational.org/ Bioversity International] (Plate 18). Komite icunga ndetse ikanareberera umutungo w'ishyirahamwe yashinzwe muri Nzeri 2012 kandi igizwe n' abanyamuryango bagera ku icumi hamwe na Mpoberabanzi Silas nka perezida. Ububiko bwa Rubaya community gene banki bwubatswe n'abanyamuryango ku inkunga ya Vision 2020 umurenge program na [https://www.minaloc.gov.rw/ Minisiteri yubutegetsi bw'igihugu]<ref name=":0">https://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/tools/toolbox-for-sustainable-use/details/en/c/1274326/</ref>.<ref>https://glistest.planttreaty.org/glis/csures/list?page=17&theme=thre&per-page=5</ref> [[Dosiye:Sistema_de_regadio_circular_en_toda_su_magnitud.jpg|thumb|Rubaya agricultural ]] == Intego nyamukuru == Intego yabo nyamukuru nukubika ibihingwa byibanze mukarere (ibigori, ingano, ibishyimbo n'ibirayi), ariko abahinzi bafite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibikoresho n'imbuto zibitse muri sitoke no kubungabunga izindi mbuto n'ibikoresho byifashishwa byifashishwa mu gutera. The community gene banki ntiragira uruhare rugaragara mubaturage, urugero, mugutanga imbuto cyangwa kuzamura umusaruro, kuko ikiri mucyiciro cyayo cyambere<ref name=":0" />. Ariko, icyerekezo cyabanyamuryango ni ugushora imari mu kugwiza imbuto, gukora imbuto nziza zizajya zihabwa abaturage bo mukarere,n'amabanki. Ibi bizafasha guhindura uruganda rw'ubuhinzi gushingira kubucuruzi mu ma koperative nkuko byemejwe na RAB. == Imikorere n'ibikorwa == The community gene bank ifite inshingano eshatu: kubungabunga imbuto z'ibihingwa byayo; gutanga amahugurwa y'ubuhanga mu buhinzi; no gukwirakwiza ubwoko bw'imbuto z'ibihingwa biri hafi kuzimangana cyangwa bigenda biba bikeya kuko abahinzi bahindukirira ubwoko bw'ibihingwa bwiza. Banki yabaturage ya gene yatangiye gukusanya imbuto ihereye kubahinzi mumidugudu ibegereye no kuvugurura ibikoresho by'ibimera ishobora kubikwa mu kigega cyayo. Mu ntangiriro, yakoreraga mu ibibanza bitatu bito byose hamwe bingana na 0,30ha, ariko ubu byaragutse kugeza kubibanza 15 (0.85ha) byatewemo ubwoko bw'imbuto zitandukanye zirimo iz'ibishyimbo, ibigori, amashaza, amashaza yinka, ibirayi, ibijumba n'amasaka<ref>https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/107857</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/community-seed-banks-origins-evolution-and-prospects/oclc/896954096</ref> == Ibibazo bya tekiniki no guhuza imiyoboro == Imbuto zujuje ubuziranenge zatoranijwe mu murima ukoresheje lente zifatanije n’ibiti bizima, uburyo bwa gakondo bwo guhitamo imbuto. Iyo bimaze gusarurwa, abakozi ba koperative bandika imbuto zatoranijwe z'ibihingwa bitandukanye kandi bakabibika muburyo butandukanye hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'imbuto. Kugeza ubu, nta sisitemu yemewe yo kwandika ubumenyi gakondo hamwe namakuru ajyanye nubwoko bwibanze bwabitswe muri Community gene bank. Amakuru ajyanye nubwoko, ubufindo, amatariki yo gutera, Amatariki yo guca nyakatsi, gufumbira n'imvaruganda n'amatariki yo gusarura kubwoko bwose bibitswe mu ikaye, bitandukanijwe neza nibikorwa n'ibihe. Aya makaye abikwa n'umunyamabanga wa koperative. Abagize komite bagirana inama buri kwezi yo kuganira kubibazo, ariko intebe ishobora guhamagaza inama ibidasobanutse mugihe byihutirwa. Inyandikomvugo ibikwa n'umunyamabanga. The community gene banki uhabwa inkunga ya tekiniki muri RAB na agronome w'umurenge. Vuba aha, yahawe inkunga nto ya na Bioversity International yo kugura amasahani, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, amacupa n'umuti wica udukoko. Umuganda gene banki ikorana nurubyiruko rwa Isonga Mw'Isango koperative kandi yahujwe n'abandi bahinzi n'imiryango ya leta kuri urwego rwigihugu, nka Caritas Rwanda, umuryango utegamiye kuri leta (ONG) ukora mu buhinzi, na RAB. Vuba aha, abanyamuryango ba koperative ya rubaya basuye koperative ya community gene banki muri Uganda kugirango basangire uburambe no kuganira kubibazo bya gene banki, harimo inzira yo kwagura amasoko y'umusaruro, kubungabunga ibyagezweho no kubika imbuto z'ibishyimbo neza. Mu ruzinduko, abahinzi baturutse mu bihugu byombi bifatanije n’aborozi n’abandi bahanga mu gusuzuma uruhare rw’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’ingamba zo guhangana nazo, no kugena imico yifuza guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere impinduka. Bakoze kandi isuzuma ry'itabira ryimbuto zabo kugirango babone izifite iyo mico yajya ihangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Icya nyuma, ariko ntarengwa, bashishoje k'uburyo abahinzi bashobora guhanahana ubwoko bw' imbuto. == Politiki y'ibidukikije == Politiki y'u Rwanda yo guhuza ubutaka no kwibanda ku gihingwa kimwe cy'ibanze yagize ingaruka mbi ku bikorwa bya koperative ya gene banki kuko ubwoko bwayo bw'ibihingwa ntibishobora guhingwa mu bwisanzure n'abahinzi. Guverinoma ikwirakwiza imbuto (ubwoko bunoze) hamwe nifumbire mvaruganda murwego rwo kongera umusaruro. Icyakora, Ubuyobozi bw'ikigo gishinzwe gukurikirana inyungu n'imikorere y'amakoperative mu Rwanda (Rwanda Cooperative Association RCA) bwatanze inama kubagize komite ya koperative uburyo bwo kuringaniza ubwoko bw'imbuto buteganijwe n'ubwoko bwabo bwo guhitamo. Rubaya coomunity gene banki yashoye RWF 889.000 (hafi US $ 1.306) yo gushiraho no kubungabunga yimbuto zayo. Aya mafaranga yafashije kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gukodesha ubutaka, kugura imbuto n'ifumbire no guhemba umukozi. Rubaya community gene banki ntishobora gukora idafite inkunga yo hanze kuko ubukode bwubutaka nigiciro cyubuhinzi inyongeramusaruro ni ndende. Kugira ngo banki ya gene yigenge mubukungu kandi irambye, abahinzi bakeneye ubufasha bwamafaranga nubuhanga kugirango bashobore kwagura ibikorwa byabo no kongera umusaruro ninyungu. == Ahazaza == Urebye ahazaza, The community gene bank yashizeho imiyoboro hamwe na RAB kurwego rwigihugu hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubuhinzi bwigihugu cya Uganda Ishirahamwe kurwego rwakarere kugirango ibone inkunga ya tekiniki. Koperative nayo ikeneye gushimangirwa mubijyanye nubuyobozi. == Indanganturo == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abikorera]] 64m7gg0fbehvffw3hxobas01aojp7fo 0 10156 82503 82502 2022-04-13T16:18:44Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* If water is cloudy, allow to sattle, them skim the clean water. */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Safe water == [[Itabi|Water]] is connected to every forms of [[Itabi|life]] On the earth. As a creteria, an adequate, clean And safe drinking water supply has to be available For various users.<ref>https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57345</ref> == Important of cleaning water == Clean water and sanitation are one of most important things required of the health of [[Itabi|humans]]. Our day to day activities require numerous espacts in which clean [[Itabi|water]] in required for sustainable living.<ref>https://brainly.in/question/11089800</ref> == Making water safe == == [[Itabi|Boiling]]: == == If water is cloudy, allow to sattle, them skim the clean water. == Store the boiled water in clean sanitized container With tight covers. [[Itabi|Filtering]]: Filter water through a clean cloth, Paper towel, or coffee filter or allow its to settle, then draw off the clean water.<ref>https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/fact-sheet-how-make-your-water-safe-drink</ref> contents: <ref>https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57345</ref>w omq7cuxxr2wisxecw4k43qm3cydj3z8 0 10157 82504 2022-04-13T21:47:04Z Endikuemmy 9914 new edited wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bamboo,_Jacksonville_Zoo.jpg|thumb|Igihingwa cy'umugano]] [[Umugano]] ni igihingwa gikura vuba cyane kwisi<ref>https://www.guaduabamboo.com/blog/bamboo-is-the-fastest-growing-plant-on-earth</ref>. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwimigano bushobora gukura kurenza metero 1 kumunsi, nibura cm 4 ku isaha imwe<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation</ref>. Politiki yo mu Rwanda yemeje ko ibiti by'imigano byakongerwa mu mashyamba n'ingamba z'iterambere muri rusange, ariko igice kimwe cya societe kiracyumva ko hakitatabwa cyane kubyerekeranye nubushobozi bwimigano no gutanga ibisubizo kubibazo byakazi mu igihugu<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202686</ref>. Imigano mu Rwanda ihinze k'ubuso bwa hegitari 4382 z'ubutaka, bingana na 1.82 ku ijana by'amashyamba yose y’igihugu. Mu [[Rwanda]], hari amoko atandukanye y'imigano, harimo Bambusa vulgaris, Arundinaria alpine na Oxythenanthera abyssinica. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Ruhande Arboreum bwerekanye ko Dendrocalamus giganteus ari ubundi bwoko bukura neza mu Rwanda. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Bamboo_cane_furniture1.jpg|thumb|Ibikoresho bikozwe mu gihingwa cy'umugano]] Umuyobozi mukuru wa [https://opencorporates.com/companies/rw/102819605 Bambousa Ltd], Jean Bosco Uwizeyimana, avuga ko ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera mu micungire y’ibihingwa by’imigano mu Rwanda butazashimangira gusa icyifuzo cya guverinoma cyo kongera icyatsi kibisi, ahubwo kizafasha kugera ku mibereho myiza n'inyungu z'ubukungu ndetse inyungu z’ibidukikije. Uwizeyimana, ufite uruganda rwe rukora kirida, (inkoni ya barbecue) mu biti by'imigano, yavuze ko usibye gukemura ibibazo cy'igabanuka ry’ibidukikije, no kwangirika kw'ubutaka no gutema amashyamba, imigano ishobora no kugira uruhare runini mu guhanga imirimo, kwinjiza amafaranga binyuze mu kongerera agaciro ibikomoka k'umugano<ref name=":0" />. Nizera ko leta n'abikorera nibamara guhurira hamwe kugira ngo bakoreshe ayo mahirwe yo kubyaza umugano agaciro, dushobora kubona ibicuruzwa byinshi by'agaciro, nka fibre, ibiryo n'ibindi bishimangirwa muri gahunda ya Made-in-[[Rwanda]] bivuye mu biti by'imigano. Yasabye Guverinoma gushora imari mu kongera ubushobozi kugira ngo igire uruhare runini mu biti by'imigano, usibye kugera ku ntego y'igihugu 30% by'amashyamba. Mu nama yabereye i Kigali, yakiriwe na Minisiteri y'Umutungo Kamere Dr Vincent Biruta, yavuze ko iyi nama yahamagariwe gusangira ubunararibonye hagati y’abafata ibyemezo n’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu gutunganya imigano, kunoza ubufatanye no kuganira ku buryo bwo guteza imbere igihingwa cy'imigano. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, minisiteri yazamuye imigano kugira ngo ikoreshwe nka zone buffer ku nkombe z'umugezi, harimo Akanyaru, Sebeya na Nyabarongo. Icyakora, abashoramari bake bahisemo gushishikarira iki gikorwa, kiganisha ku gusarura amashyamba yimigano “yeze”. Biruta yagize ati " dukeneye abantu bashobora gusarura ibiti by'imigano no kubikoresha mugutunganya amenyo, ubukorikori, nibindi. == Akazi == [[Dosiye:Craftmen_at_work,_bamboo_basket_weaving_and_textile_mobile_sculptures,_in_Heuan_Chan_heritage_house,_Luang_Prabang,_Laos.jpg|thumb|kubyaza umusaruro igihingwa cy'umugano]] U [[Rwanda]] rukwiranye no gukoresha imigano kandi inyungu zayo zirashobora kugerwaho haba ku bidukikije ndetse no ku bantu. Urebye imiterere y’imirima itatanye hirya no hino mu Rwanda, hari amahirwe yo gushinga inganda zikomeye z’imigano zidasaba ikoranabuhanga rinini ariko zongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa bitoshye. Guverinoma irashaka gukorana cyane n’abikorera kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, byatanga akazi kandi bikazamura amafaranga mu cyaro,<ref>https://www.guaduabamboo.com/bamboo-cultivation</ref> == Akamaro k'imigano == Kuberako imigano ishobora gukura kubutaka butandukanye, imigano irashobora guhingwa neza mubihugu byinshi bikunda kwangizwa n'ibiza ndetse n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation#cite_note-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation#cite_note-5</ref> . Kongera igihingwa cy'Imigano ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’ibihingwa bikurikirana, bikurura toni ziri hagati ya 100 na 400 za karubone kuri hegitari<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation#cite_note-6</ref>. Mu 1997, hashyizweho umuryango mpuzamahanga uhuriweho na leta hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’imigano, Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation#cite_note-8</ref>. Ubusanzwe imigano isarurwa nkibikoresho byo kubaka, ibiryo, ubukorikori nibindi bicuruzwa byakozwe<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation#cite_note-9</ref> == Inganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Inganda zo mu Rwanda]] s5r3qdjswwxjfoftoa4bu0bq1f3834p 0 10158 82508 2022-04-14T10:16:45Z Endikuemmy 9914 edited wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gulls_on_Morro_Strand_State_Beach.jpg|thumb|Ibiguruka bititaweho neza byazazimira ]] Ishyirahamwe ryo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda (mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]]: Association pour la Conservation de la Nature au [[Rwanda]] [ACNR]) ni Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta washinzwe muri Kanama 1992<ref>https://www.landconservationnetwork.org/node/428686</ref><ref>https://www.africangreatlakesinform.org/organization/association-pour-la-conservation-de-la-nature-au-rwanda-acnr</ref> mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa u Rwanda, Itangazo rya Rio ku bidukikije n'iterambere. ACNR yiyemeje guteza imbere kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima binyuze mu micungire kandi irambye yo gucunga umutungo kamere mu Rwanda. Ibikorwa byibanda ku guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda, ingamba n’imishinga kugira ngo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (amashyamba, ibishanga), cyane cyane inyoni n’uturere tw’ibinyabuzima (IBA) bibungabunzwe kandi bikarindwa, kugira ngo ubuzima bwabyo n’ubunyangamugayo bibe mu mibereho yabyo.<ref>https://www.coebiodiversity.ur.ac.rw/?q=content/association-pour-la-conservation-de-la-nature-au-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.greenfinder.co.za/Conservation/Association-pour-la-Conservation-de-la-Nature-au-Rwanda-ACNR</ref> ACNR ni ishyirahamwe ryabanyamuryango hamwe nabanyamuryango 135 baturutse mu gihugu hose. Amatsinda 14 yigisha kumutungo kamere n'imibereho y'inyamaswa mumashuri (abantu barenga 3.500) hamwe na santeri 5. == Inshingano == [[Dosiye:Gyps_fulvus_in_flight.jpg|thumb|Kwita ku biguruka]] Inshingano z'umuryango ACNR ni uguteza imbere no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima binyuze mugushyiraho imicungire irambye yo kwita k'umutungo kamere mu Rwanda. == Icyerecyezo == Icyerekezo cy'umushinga wa ACNR nugufasha abanyarwanda bose kumva kandi bakagira uruhare mukubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima kubwinyungu zabazabakomokaho ndetse nigihe kizaza. == Itegeko rigenga ibikorwa by'umushinga ACNR == Imbaraga zo kubungabunga ubutaka ku isi zishimangirwa n’igihugu ndetse n’ibihugu by’amategeko agenga ibidukikije. Harimo amategeko agenga umutungo, amategeko agenga imikoreshereze yubutaka, amategeko yimisoro nogushyigikira imari, hamwe noguha ubushobozi amategeko yo kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije biherereye muduce twashyizweho n'abantu, aya mategeko ashyirwaho kandi yihariye n'igihugu cyangwa akemezwa n'inama igena amategeko y'igihugu.Turahuza abakora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije bakoresha, batezimbere kandi bahuza ibikoresho byemewe n'amategeko hamwe na politiki kugirango bashireho uburyo bukomeye butuma abantu n’imiryango bakora ibikorwa byiza kandi birambye byo kubungabunga ubutaka mu nkiko zabo. == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'umushinga mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]] == [[Dosiye:Nature_of_Ngorongoro_Conservation_Area_(180).jpg|thumb|Rwanda Nature Conservation Area]] Kigali n'umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini w'u Rwanda. Ni mu gihugu hagati, washinzwe mu 1907 kuri metero 1.567 (5,141 ft). Ubu ituwe na baturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.2 kandi igizwe n'uturere dutatu aritwo: [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]], [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] na [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]] (Umujyi 2016)<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/vulnew/article/view/221279</ref>. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu turere twose tugize uyu mujyi wa Kigali, ahantu 5 hakorewe ubushakashatsi; 3 muri ho ni abattoirs (Nyabugogo, Kabuga & Kicukiro abattoir) n'imbuga 2 zimenwaho imyanda (nyanza & Nduba) aho ushobora gusanga imirambo y'ibiguruka n' imyanda aho usanga ubwoko bwibisimba byinshi bigaragaye murwego rwo kugirango zibone ibyo zirya. Umubare wose wakoreshejwe mugihe cyo gusura ibice bitabwaho imyanda kugirango hasuzumwe ibisigazwa by'ibiguruka byahatakarije ubuzima ndetse nibindi bihashakira imibereho byashyizwe hanze Ku ya 29 Nzeri 2017, 23 Ukwakira 2017, na 10 Werurwe 2018, Association pour la Conservation de la Nature au Rwanda (ACNR), kubufatanye [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] (UR), umujyi wa Kigali, imicungire y'ibimboteri 2 b'imyanda, nabantu batuye munkengero nabatuye hafi yaho ubushakashatsi bwarimo gukorerwa kugirango hamenyekane ubwoko bw’ibisimba, imiryango biturukamo no kwita kukumenya igituma ibisimba bigabanuka, ubushakashatsi bwabereye ku kimboteri cya Nyanza, Mwendo na Nduba, ndetse no muri Nyabugogo, [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] na Kabuga abattoirs [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]], u Rwanda<ref>http://datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/casestudy/west-african-raptors-are-faring-poorly-outside-of-protected-areas</ref><ref>https://africanbirdclub.org/sites/default/files/2017%20-%20Kigali%20Vulture%20survey%20-%20Rwanda%20-%20Gilbert%20Micomyiza.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.africanbirdclub.org/sites/default/files/Nigeria_Yankari_Vultures_2006_0.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.iucn.org/tags/regions/rwanda</ref> == Umwanzuro == Ubu bushakashatsi bwatanga amakuru yibanze kugirango ashimangire ubuvugizi bwo kubungabunga ubuturo bwubwoko bwibisimba mumujyi ndetse nigihugu muri rusange. Ibi bizaganisha kuri guteza imbere gahunda y'ibikorwa byuzuye yo kubungabunga ibisiga byamenyekanye muri [[Rwanda]]. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] r2q9j0wg1f1293bcuhcljss6egn8bis 14 10159 82509 2022-04-14T10:18:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 created wikitext text/x-wiki Ni hamwe mubuturo bwa bimwe mu ibinyabuzima bituye kandi bikenera gukoresha igihe cyose. ho62abx7b5sn6ho9cu260xjt4emtd2i 0 10160 82518 82517 2022-04-14T12:50:36Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Imibereho nu uburyo intare zororoka */ wikitext text/x-wiki == kugarura intare mu kagera == Kugarura intare mu kagera, Bigaragaza ko u [[Rwanda]] ruza Kwisonga muduteza imbere Ubukera rugendo.<ref>Rwanda</ref> parike nasiyonari [[Itabi|Akagera]] niyo Iza kw'isonga mu gusurwa cyane Naba mukera rugendo mu [[Rwanda]]. Iyi parike iri kubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,122. Ikora ku turere nka [[Itabi|katonza]] ,[[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]] mu burasirazuba bwu Rwanda. Akaba Arinayo nini. <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Pariki-yIgihugu-yAkagera-iza-ku-isonga-mu-zisurwa-cyane-mu-Rwanda</ref> == Imibereho nu uburyo intare zororoka == Waruziko mugihe cy'ubukonje.....<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/utuntu-n-utundi/article/menya-imibereho-y-intare-n-uko-zororoka</ref> Inyungu ku baturage b' igihugu.....<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/gutembera/menya-byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-pariki-yakagera/</ref> == Reba == akbei2dttt8nubpinqi7r25qn0zk41p 0 10161 82521 2022-04-15T05:49:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Ishyirahamwe ryo kubungabunga inyamaswa zo mu Rwanda (mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]]: Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association [RWCA]) yashinzwe na Dr. Olivier NSENGIMANA mu 2015 kugira ngo ikureho ubucuruzi butemewe bw’inyamaswa nk'imisambi ([[:en:Grey_crowned_crane|Gray Crowned Crane]]) mu [[Rwanda]] no kwagura ibikorwa by'ubushakashatsi no kubungabunga andi moko yangiritse kandi abangamiwe mu Rwanda no mu karere ka Afurika y’iburasirazuba.<ref name=":0">https://futurefornature.org/an-extraordinary-year-for-rwanda-wildlife-conservation-association/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwjN-SBhCkARIsACsrBz68JeMSc47FM60mqs3dbll5GOjfC5YVnNcVMswMq1WRwxyEsnC_H-IaAk4nEALw_wcB</ref><ref>https://www.bornfree.org.uk/rwca</ref> == Ubutumwa == [[Dosiye:Grey_Crowned_Crane_(Balearica_regulorum)_(8290734959).jpg|thumb|Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum)]] Inshingano z'umuryango wacu ni ugutanga ibisubizo birambye kubibazo bikomeye byo kubungabunga inyamaswa mu Rwanda no mukarere ka Afrika yuburasirazuba dukoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka na disipulini nyinshi nk'inzira imwe yadufasha kugera k'ubuzima bw'imyamaswa neza<ref>https://www.tusk.org/projects/rwanda-wildlife-conservation-association/</ref><ref>https://futurefornature.org/an-extraordinary-year-for-rwanda-wildlife-conservation-association/</ref>. == Ubushakashatsi == [[Dosiye:Grey_Crowned_Crane_Balearica_regulorum_Tanzania_4328_Nevit.jpg|thumb|Grey Crowned Crane Balearica regulorum Tanzania]] Mu ibarura ryabo ryambere ryigihugu rya Gray Crowned Crane muri 2017, babonye crane 487. Muri 2019 umubare wa crane wabonetse wageze kuri 748! RWCA ikora ibarura ikoresheje ubushakashatsi mu kirere no ku butaka. RWCA yashyizeho itsinda ry'abantu 30 bashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije bakorera mu bice by'igihugu kandi bahora babika amashusho ya Gray Crowned Cranes bakoresheje porogaramu yihariye. Muri 2019 hakozwe inyandiko 1045 zo kureba hamwe namakuru ajyanye nimyororokere yizi nyamaswa naho zikunda gutura.<ref name=":0" /> == Amateka ya Grey crowned crane == [[Dosiye:Grey_crowned_crane_(Balearica_regulorum).jpg|thumb|Grey crowned crane (Balearica regulorum)]] The Grey crowned Crane, ifitanye isano rya hafi na black crowned crane<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_crowned_crane</ref>, kandi ubwo bwoko bwombi bwagiye bufatwa nkubwoko bumwe. Bwombi buratandukanye hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bya genetike, guhamagarwa, plumage n'ibice byambaye ubusa nka maguru, kandi abategetsi bose babifata nk'ubwoko butandukanye muri iki gihe<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_crowned_crane#cite_note-hbw-3</ref>. Hariho ubwoko bubiri, muri afurika y'iburasirazuba B.r. gibbericeps (crested crane) buherereye m'uburasirazuba bwa repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] no muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], iyo nyoni ihagarariwe mu ibendera ry'igihugu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uganda</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170528162336/http://gov.ug/about-uganda/sector/national-symbols</ref>, na [[Kenya]] muburasirazuba bwa Afrika yepfo. Ifite ahantu hanini h'uruhu rutukura rwambaye ubusa hejuru yuruhu rwera kuruta ubwoko buto butoranijwe, B. r. regulorum (outh African crowned crane), yororoka kuva Angola yepfo kugera muri Afrika yepfo. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Africa]] a8qfx5cs328qr9phgflcr7jac1i3jza 0 10162 82527 2022-04-17T15:29:48Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1083186530|Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubufatanye mu kuzamura ubuhinzi mu Rwanda binyuze mu guhuza''' '''isoko''' ( icyongereza :Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages '''PEARL''' ), wari umushinga wo guteza imbere ubuhinzi mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060622&slug=coffee22</ref> Intego ya PEARL kwari ugufasha igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu bikorwa byo kwiyubaka bivuye ku ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. PEARL yakoranye n’abaturage bo mu cyaro hirya no hino mu [[Rwanda]] kugira ngo binjize amafaranga binyuze mu guteza imbere ibikomoka ku buhinzi no guhuza isoko <ref>https://www.gafspfund.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Rwanda_StrategicPlan.pdf</ref> . PEARL yatewe inkunga n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga kandi kiyobowe n’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, kaminuza ya Texas A&amp;amp;M n’inzego zinyuranye z’u Rwanda zirimo [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi mu [[Rwanda]], Ikigo cy’ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’imicungire mu Rwanda. n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ikawa. Amikoro ya kaminuza yanyujijwe mu cyaro hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kongera amafaranga <ref>https://www.aiaee.org/index.php/proceedings/120-2004-dublin-ireland/1057-evaluation-of-the-pearl-project-partnership-for-enhancing-agriculture-in-rwanda-through-linkages</ref> . Umushinga wakoranye namakoperative y'abahinzi kongera no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi, byibanda ku [[ikawa]] n’ibindi. Kongera kwitondera kugenzura ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika mu musaruro byatumye habaho intsinzi mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Urugero rwo gutsinda ni umusaruro no kugurisha ikawa ya [[Ikawa ya Maraba|Maraba]] iva Maraba, mu Rwanda . Umuyobozi wa PEARL yari Dr. Timothy Schilling <ref>https://worldcoffeeresearch.org/news/2020/dr-timothy-schilling-a-life-in-coffee</ref> <ref>https://coffeehunter.com/the-journal/rwanda-to-the-world-celebrating-10-years-of-rwandan-specialty-coffee/</ref> <ref>https://unionroasted.com/blogs/latest/white-paper-cuppers-guide-rwanda</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 3dqsx65zag3o37mg42syvimtwmrbdyl 0 10163 82528 2022-04-17T15:52:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/982730457|Sugar production in Rwanda]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Champ_de_canne_à_sucre_2.jpg|thumb|194x194px| Champ de canne à sucre 2]] [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rutanga umubare muto w'isukari mu bihugu bine muri bitandatu bigize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]], ari byo [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda|u Burundi]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]], bingana na toni zigera ku 12.000 buri mwaka guhera muri Kanama 2016. <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/New-entrant-buoys-Rwanda-sugarcane-farmer-hopes-for-better-pay/1433218-3361908-58wbt0z/index.html</ref> Hamwe n’ikoreshwa mugihugu ipima toni 90.000 muri 2016, byari biteganijwe ko muri 2020, imikoreshereze y'isukari ku umwaka izaba igeze kuri toni 160.000, bitwara amadolari arenga miliyoni 150 yo gutumiza mu mahanga. <ref name="Up">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202415/</ref> [[Dosiye:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb|185x185px| amabara y'isukari <ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg</ref>]] == Umusaruro == Nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] muri 1994, guverinoma nshya yakoranye na ''Kabuye Sugar Works'', uruganda rukora isukari muri iki gihugu, rwashinzwe n'itsinda rya Madhvani ryo muri [[Uganda]], mu rwego rwo kugabanya miliyoni 1.5 zamadolari mukugabanya isukari itumizwa muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] no mu turere twa kure harimo [[Ubushinwa]] na [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] .<ref name="Kab">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203473/</ref> <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/High-sugar-prices-across-East-Africa/2560-3910758-item-1-1143j34/index.html</ref> [[Dosiye:CSIRO_ScienceImage_10529_Sugarcane_and_bowl_of_sugar.jpg|thumb|192x192px| Ubumenyi bwa CSIRO Ishusho 10529 Ibisheke hamwe nigikombe cyisukari ]] == Umusaruro mushya uteganijwe == Itsinda rya Madhvani rirateganya kongera umusaruro i Kabuye kugera kuri toni 55.000 buri mwaka. Iterambere ririmo ishoramari rishya rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 75 US $ (hafi miliyari 60). Harimo kubaka sitasiyo y'umuriro wa co-generation ifite ingufu za 12 megawatts (16,092 hp) n'ikigo gikora Ethanol gifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ethanol litiro milion 6 buri mwaka. Guverinoma yu Rwanda nitsinda rya Madhvani bakoze ibiganiro kugirango iyi gahunda igerweho. Muri Kanama 2016, guverinoma yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubwumvikane n’abashoramari baturutse muri [[Morise|Maurice]], kugira ngo bashinge uruganda rushya rw’isukari mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Uburasirazuba]] bw’u Rwanda, bivugwa ko ruzatwara hagati ya miliyoni 250 na miliyoni 300 USD. ruzajya kuri hafi hegitari ibihumbi 8 . bazakora kandi n'uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rufite megawatts 25 . Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro iki kigo gishya buteganijwe kuri toni 100.000 buri mwaka. <ref name="Up">{{Template:Cite web}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNtirenganya2016">Ntirenganya, Emmanuel (8 August 2016). [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202415/ "Mauritian investors to construct sugar factory in Eastern Province"]. ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times (Rwanda)]]''. Kigali<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] tijtw96bcspacq0bkiafk0oyu1lazzo 0 10164 82531 82529 2022-04-18T09:19:51Z Endikuemmy 9914 Edited wikitext text/x-wiki == Incamake == [[Dosiye:A_truck_loaded_with_waste.jpg|thumb|Imodoka zikoreshwa mukwegeranya imyanda]] [[Dosiye:Waste_Disposed_in_Gutters_at_Asawasi_Kumasi_02.jpg|thumb|Ahajugunywa imyanda ]] 90% by’imyanda iboneka hirya no hino mu gihugu itwarwa ndetse ikajungunwa ahantu hatemewe kandi hatizewe. Akenshi, usanga imyanda ijya mu migezi, mu masoko y’imigezi, ndetse ikajya mu bihingwa. Ibi bituma habaho ukwandura gukomeye kw’amazi yo kunywa ndetse n’ibindi byanduza cyane cyane bituruka mu bice bituwe cyane n’amashuri, ndetse n’inkongi zitera imyotsi myinshi yanduza ikirere. U Rwanda rukaba rusesengura uburyo butandukanye bwakoreshwa mu gucunga imyanda, hagahinduka uburyo bwo gucunga imyanda hakoreshejwe ibimoteri, ahubwo hagakoreswa ubundi buryo burambye kandi bukemura ibibazo bitera ku bidukikije.  FONERWA ikazafasha mu guha amahirwe no gufasha imishinga n’ishoramali mu rwego rwo kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburyo bwo kugira imicungire irambye y’imyanda<ref>https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/financing-for-climate-friendly-investment/rwanda-green-fund-fonerwa</ref>. == Imijyi ibungabunga ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Waste_Management_Truck_Toronto.jpg|thumb|Waste Management Truck Toronto]] U Rwanda ruragira imijyi ku kigero kihuta cyane, aho 35% b’abaturage biteganyijwe ko bazaba batuye mu mijyi mu mwaka wa 2021. Umuvuduko w’ukwaguka kw’imijyi byitezweko uzakomeza kwiyongera kuko Igihugu kirushaho kubakira ubukungu bwacyo ku mijyi iteye imbere ndetse n’umwego rwa serivisi<ref>http://www.fonerwa.org/kin/gusimbuza-ingufu-zikoresha-ibicanwa</ref><ref>https://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/docs/guidelines_solid_wastes_management.pdf</ref> Nanone, Muri gahunda ya Leta y’icyerezo 2020, u Rwanda rwashyize imbere cyane iterambere ry’imijyi irambye, kandi uku kwaguka kw’imijyi kutabangamiye  ibidukikije. Hashyizweho inzira ndetse n’uburyo busobanutse bugenga iterambere ry’umujyi wa Kigali ndetse n’imijyi 6 yunganira Kigali mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuyobora iyubakwa ry’ibikorwaremezo by’umujyi ndetse n’igenamigambi ryawo<ref>https://cidt.org.uk/portfolio/fonerwa/</ref><ref>https://gggi.org/project/rwanda-fonerwa/</ref> By’umwihariko, FONERWA itera inkunga ishyirwamubikorwa ry’umushinga w’ikitegererezo wa 620ha wiswe Green City Kigali wo gukora inyigo y’umujyi utangiza ibidukikije ishobora no kwifashishwa hirya no hino mu gihugu ndetse no kugaragaza indi mishinga yunguka mu bice by’imijyi mu nzego zirimo zerivisi z’amazi, ubwikorezi, ikoranabunganga n’itumanaho == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Inyamaswa]] m53yqk07a1alw0neobkmb3i1da71qad 14 10165 82530 2022-04-18T09:18:00Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Imiterere y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda swxfwvvmmf3lda2jhx8kd2apgs9huna 0 10166 82533 2022-04-18T11:45:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki The African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) n’umuryango mpuzamahanga uyobora ibidukikije wibanda gusa ku nyamaswa zo muri Afurika ndetse n’ubutaka bwo ku gasozi. Gahunda za AWF n'ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije bigamije kurengera inyamaswa n’ubutaka bwa Afurika no guharanira ejo hazaza heza h’abatuye ba Afurika<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbout_AWF-1</ref>. AWF irinda inyamaswa zo muri Afurika n'ubutaka bwo ku gasozi ziherereyemo n'umutungo kamere. Kuva ryashingwa mu 1961, uyu muryango warinze amoko n’ubutaka bigenda byangirika, uteza imbere imishinga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ifasha abaturage bo muri Afurika, kandi ihugura abenegihugu b’Afurika babungabunga ibidukikije. == Amateka ya AWF == [[Dosiye:Cheetah_(Acinonyx_jubatus)_female_2.jpg|thumb|Ingwe]] Fondasiyo Nyafurika Yita ku Buzima bw'inyamaswa (AWLF) yashinzwe mu 1961 na [[:en:Russell_E._Train|Russell E. Train]], umucamanza ukize akaba n'umuhigi, akaba n'umwe mu bagize club ya Washington Safari<ref>http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/russelletrain/timeline.html</ref>. Abandi banyamuryango bashinze Club ya Safari ni [[:en:Nick_Arundel|Nick Arundel]], wahoze ari umusirikare w’ingabo z’Amerika zirwanira mu mazi akaba n’umunyamakuru; [[:en:Kermit_Roosevelt_Jr.|Kermit Roosevelt Jr.]] wo muri CIA; James S. Bugg, umucuruzi; na [[:en:Maurice_Stans|Maurice Stans]], nyuma aba umuyobozi ushinzwe imari ya [[:en:Richard_Nixon|Richard Nixon]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirginia_Assembly...-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrain200344-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#CITEREFHarrison2009</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner199356%E2%80%9357-6</ref> Train yari ifite impungenge ko abashinzwe parike y’iburayi bazasimburwa n’abanyafurika batujuje ibyangombwa mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gihe ibihugu bya Afurika byabonye ubwigenge. Ibihugu 20 byo muri Afurika byigenga mu 1960 na 1961. Train yaranditse ati: "Muri Tanganyika honyine, guverinoma iherutse gutegeka ko Abanyafurika 100% binjira muri serivisi y’imikino bitarenze 1966! Yumvaga ko byihutirwa gutoza Abanyafurika kuba inzobere mu nyamaswa<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner199357-7</ref> === Ibyagezweho === [[Dosiye:Serengeti_Elefantenherde2.jpg|thumb|Inzovu nimwe mu inyamaswa zitabwaho na AWF]] Inkunga ya mbere yatanzwe na AWLF ni $ 47,000 yo gufasha kubona [[:en:College_of_African_Wildlife_Management|Ishuri Rikuru ry’imicungire y’ibinyabuzima muri Afurika]] i Mweka, muri [[Tanzaniya]] mu 1963. Iri shuri ryateguwe na Bruce Kinloch<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Kinloch</ref>, Umuyobozi mukuru w’imikino ya Tanganyika, nk’ikigo cy’ubupayiniya cyo guhugura abayobozi b’inyamanswa zo muri Afurika. Inkunga ya Mweka nayo yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’[[:en:U.S._Agency_for_International_Development|Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEyeball_to_eyeball...-9</ref>, hamwe n’[[:en:Nairobi_National_Park|umuryango w’ibinyabuzima wa Frankfurt]], hamwe n’ibikoresho byatanzwe na guverinoma ya [[:en:Tanzania_Mainland|Tanganyika]]. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010, iryo shuri ryari rimaze guhugura abashinzwe inyamaswa zirenga 4.500 baturutse mu bihugu 28 bya Afurika ndetse n’ibihugu 18 bitari Afurika<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTELast_Stand...-10</ref> Mu 1963, AWLF yatangije gahunda yo gutanga buruse yo kuzana abanyafrika bato muri kaminuza zo muri [[Amerika]] aho bashoboraga kwiga ibijyanye n’ibinyabuzima n’imicungire y’ibinyabuzima. AWLF yubatse ikigo cyigisha kubungabunga ibidukikije muri uwo mwaka, giherereye ku bwinjiriro bwa parike ya [[Nairobi]]. Mu 1967, AWLF yatanze $ 50.000 yo gutera inkunga yo kubaka ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Mu 1970, AWF yashinze ishuri rishinzwe gucunga inyamaswa i [[:en:Garoua|Garoua]], muri [[Kameruni]], ritanga inyigisho mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]]. Mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980, AWLF yakomeje gutera inkunga abanyeshuri, kandi inafasha mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije, akenshi itanga ibikoresho nk'amahema, ibikoresho by'ibinyabiziga, pompe y'amazi, n'ibikoresho bifotora aho gutanga amafaranga<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConserving_Wildlife_-_14_years-11</ref>. [[Dosiye:Giraffe_Ithala_KZN_South_Africa_Luca_Galuzzi_2004.JPG|thumb|Giraffe Ithala KZN South Africa Luca Galuzzi 2004]] Mu 1969, AWLF yafashe iyambere mubukangurambaga bushigikiwe nandi matsinda yo kubungabunga imvubu. Mu 1974, fondasiyo yatangiye gahunda yo kwiga ingwe. Mu 1983, AWF yaretse "Ubuyobozi" mu izina ryayo. Train yababajwe nimpinduka, yizera ko umuryango wabuze umwimerere w'inshingano zawo. Kuri we, ryari ryarahindutse irindi shyirahamwe ryo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ritanga inkunga ku burengerazuba bwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi nkibikorwa bya Dian Fossey ku ngagi na Cynthia Moss ku nzovu, byombi byashyigikiwe na AWF, biragaragara ko byari ingirakamaro<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner199359-12</ref> Fondasiyo yaharaniye gushaka amafaranga. Mu 1968, ingengo yumwaka yari munsi y $ 250.000 USD<ref name=":0" />. Mu 1988, umwaka AWF yatangiriyeho ubukangurambaga bwo kurwanya guhiga inzovu, fondasiyo yari ifite abakozi batandatu ningengo yumwaka ingana na miliyoni 2 gusa. Igihe AWF yujuje imyaka 30 mu 1991, akanama gashinzwe umutekano gakomeje kwiganjemo Abanyamerika bakomeye kandi bakize, benshi muri bo bakoreraga ku zindi nzego zidaharanira inyungu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner199360-13</ref>. == Icyicaro muri Afurika == Icyicaro gikuru cya African Wildlife Foundation kiri i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]] gifite ibiro muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Zambiya]] na Washington, DC. Ishirahamwe risonewe umusoro hakurikijwe ingingo ya 501 (c) (3) yigitabo c'imisoro n'amahoro. Kugeza mu 2009 hari 36 bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi n'abakozi 132 bahembwa. Amafaranga akusanywa binyuze mu butumwa butaziguye, gutanga ibyifuzo, kujurira kuri interineti, gutanga gahunda, kwamamaza bijyanye n'impamvu, no kujurira abanyamuryango<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBB_Wise_Giving...-17</ref>. Abayobozi bakuru ba fondasiyo babaye<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAWF's_History-48</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrain200344-4</ref><ref>http://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/kenya/campaign-update-kenya-documentary-blasts-conservation-organizations-abusing-indigenous-pe</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] 3i4jq98bbuo307yfxd5oz6g39gdrxop 0 10169 82558 82554 2022-04-25T18:56:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki Reta y'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] yatangije gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere iyo myuka ikaba iva byumihariko; mu binyabiziga cyane cyane mu modoka hakorwa ubugenzuzi mu binyabiziga byakozwe mbere ya 1992 harebwa amavuta akoresha na za moteri no kugabanya imyuka iva munganda na handi hatandukanye <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-yahagurukiye-ikibazo-cy-imodoka-zisohora-imyuka-ihumanya-ikirere</ref>. == Intego u Rwanda rufite mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere == Intego igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] cyihaye yo kugabanya ku gipimo cya 38% imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ikagipfukirana ibizwi nka (Green House Gases), izaba yagezweho mu gihe cyateganijwe cy'imyaka 10 iri imbere, ibi bikazunganirwa na gahunda zisanzweho zo kubungabunga ibidukikije zashyizweho na leta y'u Rwanda mukubungabunga ibidukikije. Iyi ntego yo kugabanya 38% ry'imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere izaba yagezweho muri 2030 nkuko Leta y'u Rwanda yabyiemeje <ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=8960</ref>. == Ibarurisha mibare ku myuka yorezwa mu kirere mu [[Rwanda]] == Bimwe mu byohereza imyuka myinshi mu kirere mu Rwanda hari ibinyabiziga byohereza imyuka ingana na 13%, ibikorwa by'ubwubatsi nk'imihanda n'ibindi byohereza 14% by'imyuka, naho imyuka iva mu butaka ijya mu kirere ingana na 16%, amafumbire mvaruganda yoherezayo mu kirere imyuka ingana na 13%  mu gihe ibishingwe byohereza 5% by'imyuka mu kirere<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Leta-yizeye-kugabanya-38-yigipimo-cyimyuka-yoherezwa-mu-kirere-mu-myaka-10</ref>. == Amwe mu masezerano u [[Rwanda]] rwasinye mu kugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere. == Reta y'uRwanda yasinye amwe mu masezerano mpuza mahanga ajyanye no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu bikorwa bya muntu aya masezerano naya akurikira : * Amasezereno ya parisi<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-40117832</ref> * Amasezerano ya kigali<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/amasezerano-yo-guhagarika-ibyuka-byangiza-ikirere-yagezweho</ref> * Amasezerano ya Afurika y'iburasirazuba mu kurengera ibidukikije<ref>https://flash.rw/2022/03/02/u-rwanda-rwahawe-miliyari-63-frw-azifashishwa-mu-kurengera-ibidukikije/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=u-rwanda-rwahawe-miliyari-63-frw-azifashishwa-mu-kurengera-ibidukikije</ref> * Amasezerano ya afurika mu kubungabunga ibidukikije<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=3400</ref> * Amasezerano mpuzamahanga mu kurengera ibidukikije * Nandi atandukanye ajyanye no kurengera ibidukikije hagabanywa imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-rwahawe-ikaze-mu-ihuriro-rigamije-kugabanya-imyuka-yangiza-ikirere</ref>. == Icyo itegeko nshinga rya repubulika y'u Rwanda rivuga kubidukikije . == ITEGEKO NGENGA N° 04/2005 RYO KUWA 08/04/2005 RIGENA UBURYO BWO KURENGERA, KUBUNGABUNGA NO GUTEZA IMBERE IBIDUKIKIJE MU RWANDA<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2005/rw-government-gazette-dated-2005-05-01-no-9.pdf</ref> == Ibikorwa u Rwanda ruri gukora mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu binyabiziga na handi hatandukanye. == Reta y'uRwanda yashyize imbaraga mu kugabanya bimwe mu bikorwa byangiza ibidukikije cyane ibisohora imyuka yangiza ihumanya ikirere . Murwego rw'ibinyabiziga hakozwe ibi bikurikira * Ubugenzuzi bw'ibyotsi bisohaka mu kinyabiziga * ubukangura mbaga ku binyabiziga bishaje * Gukimira iyinjizwa ry'ibinyabiziga bishaje mu Rwanda * Ubukangura mbaga mu gukoresha amavuta y'ibinyabiziga meza * Ikoresha ry'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mu Rwanda (Bikaba byaranashyizwe mu bikorwa hari moto ,imodaka<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ubushakashatsi-impuruza-ku-modoka-inkwi-n-inganda-zangiza-ikirere-mu-rwanda</ref> ubu mu Rwanda zikoresha amashanyarizi ).<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-ruri-kubahiriza-rute-gahunda-yo-kugabanya-imyuka-ihumanya-ikirere</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 1iln0laep3eb8x1e2webbquqwv1x39f 0 10170 82561 2022-04-25T19:07:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 MrTallBoy moved page [[Amashashi na Parasiki]] to [[Amashashi na Parasitiki]]: Proper naming wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Amashashi na Parasitiki]] oyxofo6n1koagq46oige1e8hoigsvoz 0 10171 82571 82570 2022-04-26T08:07:35Z Alice.Mukesh 9199 /* Uko Umusambi village watangiye */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Umusambi Village == [[Dosiye:Crane working alone.jpg|thumb|433x433px|Umusambi]] Umusambi Village washinzwe n’ishyirahamwe ryita ku nyamaswa zo mu Rwanda (Rwanda Wildlife Conservation Association) ziyobowe n’umuvuzi w’amatungo Olivier Nsengimana,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kigali-wetland-turns-reserve-grey-crowned-cranes</ref> ni igishanga cyagaruwe i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] kikaba ubuhungiro bw’imisambi irenga 50( ''Balearica regulorum'' ) yakuwe mu bucuruzi butemewe bw'amatungo.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2021/02/17/africa/cte-rwanda-cranes-olivier-nsengimana-spc-intl-hnk/index.html</ref> Izi nyoni zamugaye kubera ubunyage, kutaba aho zagakwiye kuba kandi ntizishobora kurekurirwa mumashyamba. Umusambi Village uha izo nyoni ahantu ho kuba hazibereye kuburyo zongera kumva ziri aho zigomba kuba muburyo bwa kamere( reconnect with nature).<ref name=":0">https://umusambivillage.org/</ref> == Uko Umusambi village watangijwe == Nsengimana Olivier yatangije umushinga w'Umusambi Village mu mwaka wa 2014.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/reportage-afrique/20210331-rwanda-%C3%A0-kigali-un-sanctuaire-pour-prot%C3%A9ger-les-grues-royales</ref> Icyari kigamijwe kwari uguhagarika ubucuruzi butemewe bw'imisambi, guteza imbere ubukangurambaga mu kurekura imisambi myinshi yajyanywe ikagaruka mu buzima bwo ku gasozi, muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike ya Akagera]] . Muri uwo mushinga, basanze imisambi myinshi yaramugaye kubera gufungwa kwayo. Ibi bikunze guhuzwa no gufata no gutwara, ndetse no gukata amababa kugirango birinde ko iguruka, bishobora kugenda nabi cyane iyo bikozwe nta buhanga.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.rwandawildlife.org/umusambi-village/</ref> == Reba == <references /> bzaqnaj9ic03zt8r5i399u488602c6z 0 10172 82580 82579 2022-04-26T13:50:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 added references wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibinyoro == '''Ibinyoro''' n'indwara y'ibasira Ikiremwa muntu, Igafata cyane uruhu, amagufwa n'utundi duce, nka [[Itabi|karitiraje]], ibinyoro akaba n'indwara yandura hagati y'umuntu n'undi, ikaba yarabayeho kuva kera<ref>https://ubuzimainfo.rw/byinshi-ku-ndwara-yibinyoro-indwara-itera-kwangirika-ku-ruhu-iyo-itavuwe-kare/</ref>. == Uko indwara y'ibinyoro yandura == Ubusanzwe indwara y'ibinyoro n'indwara utera Kwangirika kuruhu iyo itavuwe kare. Indwara y'ibinyoro ikaba iterwa n'agakoko ka [[Itabi|peretonema]] [[Itabi|peretenuwa]]. Indwara y ibinyoro ikaba ikunda kuboneka mugihugu cyangwa mubice aho isuku arinke, nanone ibinyoro bikunda kuboneka mubice by'amashyamba, ikaba iterwa n'isuku nkeya<ref>https://umutihealth.com/betamethasone/</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] rlt94i3kkoc8qeda05uwqphu0xtelx5 0 10173 82581 2022-04-26T14:40:16Z 156.38.11.37 ubusobanuro bw ijambo abiru wikitext text/x-wiki Ubunyamabanga bw i bwami 2ualnc792u1rnnitm11o7hfugn6fk72 0 10174 82586 2022-04-28T21:21:16Z Psychninja30 10882 Schizophrenia wikitext text/x-wiki Schizophrenia ni indwara yibitekerezo irangwa no kwibeshya, kwibeshya, kuvuga nabi, imyitwarire idahwitse cyangwa imyitwarire ya catatonike, kimwe nibimenyetso bibi. Nibura kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso kigomba kuba imvugo idahwitse, kwibeshya cyangwa kwibeshya<ref>American Psychiatric Association. (2013). ''Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders'' (5th ed.). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596</nowiki></ref>. Abarwayi ntabwo byanze bikunze bahura nibi bimenyetso byose kandi haribisabwa byigihe, icyakora kubwubugufi sinzabinjiramo. Ibitekerezo bya salusiyo no kwibeshya bigize schizofrenia bita ibimenyetso byiza. Iri jambo mubyukuri risobanura ko bahura nibintu byiyongera mubyukuri. Ibi biranga sikizofreniya nibyo bizwi cyane kandi bikunda kwitabira neza imiti. Igice cya sikizofreniya gikunze kuvugwa ni ibimenyetso bibi, cyangwa ibyo umuntu abura. Ibi bimenyetso birimo kwirinda (kubura motifike), kutagaragara mu maso, alogiya (kugabanya imvugo), na anedoniya (cyangwa bigoye kumva umunezero.) Ibi bimenyetso bibi ntibishobora kwitabira neza imiti kandi birashobora kuba igice kibabaza cyane muriyi ndwara. . Abantu barwaye sikizofreniya nabo usanga bafite ubushishozi buke mumiterere yabo kandi ntibatahure ko bafite uburiganya cyangwa salusiyo, ahubwo basa nkukuri. Ibi bituma sikizofreniya igora cyane kuyivura kuko abantu barwaye sikizofreniya bakunze kutemeranya ko bafite iyi ndwara kandi ntibumve impamvu bakeneye gufata imiti. Uku kubura ubushishozi gufatwa nijambo 'anosognosia.' Aho gutekereza rero - yewe uriya musore yumva amajwi, agomba kuba schizofrenic, nyamuneka gerageza kwibuka ko sikizofreniya igoye cyane kurenza iyo. Hariho izindi ndwara nyinshi zo mumutwe zishobora kubamo salusiyo no kwibeshya usibye schizofrenia. Muri byo harimo indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba ifite imiterere ya psychotic, indwara ya bipolar ifite imiterere ya psychotic, indwara ya psychotic disorder, schiziophrenifom, hamwe nibintu / imiti itera indwara ya psychotic, nkavuga amazina make. Kuvura sikizofreniya bisaba [https://psychninja.net kwisuzumisha] no kwisuzumisha kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umuforomo w’abaforomo w’indwara zo mu mutwe ushobora kwandika imiti igabanya ubukana. n6ka3js616px5vesvypigcroiys3v4u 0 10175 82589 2022-04-30T08:44:40Z 41.186.78.204 no change but revolution wikitext text/x-wiki Rwanda was a small country originated from Gasabo. She was under a control of kings and the time reached who were kings were replaced by president .The firs king of Rwanda was Gihanga Ngomijana .MUTARA III Rudahigwa ruled from 1931 TO 1959.He was replaced by Kigeli v NDAHINDURWA from 1959 to 1961 before one yea Rwanda to get Her independence as presidence.She became presidence in1962 rin2afu27pessoyp6cs8y0vosmpooej 0 10176 82596 82593 2022-04-30T09:49:26Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Itanganzo mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije ryi RIO]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itanganzo mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije ryi RIO]] 6n1nidxm92paiuhhf3s7oqq21kr7foi 0 10177 82595 2022-04-30T09:47:23Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 UWIMPUHWE Va moved page [[Itanganzo mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije rya RIO]] to [[Itanganzo mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije ryi RIO]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Itanganzo mpuzamahanga ku bidukikije ryi RIO]] 6n1nidxm92paiuhhf3s7oqq21kr7foi 14 10178 82597 2022-04-30T09:51:22Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Ahaba inyamanswa Mu Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki Ahaba inyamanswa Mu Rwanda ezf5npyw0n3c6opy3j5dwu7wrgpvxoi 0 10181 82838 82644 2022-05-04T09:11:45Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Mukunsanga Salima]] to [[Mukansanga Salima]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukansanga Salima.jpg|thumb|Umusifuzi wu umunyarwandakazi Mukansanga Salima]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Mukansanga Salima yavutse mu mwaka 1988 ni umusifuzi w'umupira wamaguru mpuzamahanga ufite inkomoko mugihugu cy' u [[Rwanda]]<ref>Mukansanga yasutse amarira nyuma yo kuba umugore wa mbere wasifuye umukino wa CAN y’Abagabo - IGIHE.com</ref> Uyumunyarwandakazi yatangiye kugaragara mumwuga wogusifura umupira w'amaguru mugikombe cyisi gitegurwa nishirahamwe ryumupira w'amaguru kwisi FIFA cyabaye mu mwaka 2019 mugihugu cy'[[Ubufaransa]]<ref>Salima Mukansanga abaye Umunyarwandakazi wa mbere usifuye imikino Olempike - Kigali Today</ref> == Umwuga == Mukansanga Salima Rhadia numusifuzi mpuzamahanga w'umunyarwandakazi mu mwaka 2007 nibwo yatangiye gusifura byemewe na [[FERWAFA]] muwa 2012 abanyarwandakazi batanu babaye abasifuzi mpuzamahanga muri abobatanu babiri bohagati harimo Mukansanga abandi batatu arabo kumpande kurwengo mpuzamahanga Mukansanga yatangiye gusifura nkumusifuzi wa 4 kugirango yisange asifura mukibuga hagati byamusabye imyaka 2 ubwo [[Zambiya|Zambia]] yakinaga na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] muri 2014 gushaka itike y'Igikombe cya [[Afurika]],yitwaye neza bimufungurira amarembo yokubumusifuzi kuruhando mpuzamahanga<ref>Amateka yanditswe: Mukansanga yabaye umugore wa mbere wasifuye umukino wa CAN y’Abagabo (Amafoto) - IGIHE.com</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == Umunyarwandakazi Salma Rhadia Mukansanga yasifuye umukino wa mbere mu mateka y'igikombe cya Africa cy'abagabo .<ref>Salima Mukansanga: Umugore wa mbere uyoboye umukino w'igikombe cya Africa mu bagabo - BBC News Gahuza</ref> nubwambere Umukino warugiye kuyoborwa numugore mugikombe cya [[Afurika]] kuva cyatangira mumyaka 65 kimaze gikinwa,numukino yarayoboye womutsinda rya 2 waberaga i Yaoundé wahuzaga [[Zimbabwe]] na Guinnea,<ref>CAN 2021: Mukansanga Salima arasifura umukino wa mbere ari mu kibuga hagati - Kigali Today</ref> numukino wambere uyumunyarwandakazi yaragiye gusifura mugikombe cy'Abagabo kandi numukino wari witezwe nabantu benshi, cyari ikintu gikomeye kuri Mukansanga Salima no kugihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]]. == Amashakiro == grlxvbszh9ho1gqz9x7sffdws5rgzy8 0 10182 82633 82610 2022-04-30T14:33:44Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Margaret Nyagahura Wavutse taliki 13/6/1961. Hon.Margaret Nyagahura yarahiriye kuba umusenateri kwitaliki 12/10/2012.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/58505</ref> == amavuko == umunyarwandakazi wavutse taliki 13/kamena/1961 avukira mu [[Rwanda]] '''<u><big>Ibirambuye</big></u>''' https://uok.ac.rw/senators-visit-university-kigali/ 4jmus7nj4ve1uzn8bwdpr97ej8q5p4s 0 10183 82607 2022-04-30T13:42:50Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 Wiki loves Women wikitext text/x-wiki not 9zj3silcl3nwp49uwy8v2l5vgdnnyv7 0 10184 83079 83078 2022-05-07T08:57:45Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Esther Brianne GATEKA yamamaye nka Dj Brianne ni umunyarwandakazi utuye mu Rwanda ukora akazi ko kuvanga imiziki mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>Rwandan female DJ to perform in Dubai | The New Times | Rwanda</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Dj Brianne yavukiye mu gihugu cya kenya ariko ubu atuye mu Rwanda niho akorera ibikorwa bye bya buri munsi, ni umubyeyi w'umwana umwe, atangaza ko atabayeho mubuzima bwiza akiri umwana, bikaba aribyo byamuhaye kuba akunda kandi akita kubana cyane kugirango nabo batazabaho nabi,. avugako yubaha Imana, akunda abantu ariko ababazwa nabamufata uko atari n'abamuca intege mubyo akora. == Akazi akora == Dj Brianne akora akazi ko kuvanga imiziki, yamamaye cyane muri 2020 ubwo hariho guma murugo kubera icyorezo cya covid-19, Dj Brianne yagiye akorera kubitangazamakuru bitandukanye bya Radio na Television aribyo Flash TV, Magic FM na Royal FM akaba nubu ariho agikora. Dj Brianne yashinze ikigo gifasha abana bo kumuhanda, aho agenda akura abana kumuhanda aho yemezako hari ubuzima bubi kuko nawe yabubayemo, bikaba bituma agira ishyaka ryo kubafasha kuva muri ubwo buzima bubi akabagaburira, akabambika, akabarihira n'amashuri. Dj Brianne agenda akorana na company zitandukanye mukuzamamriza ibikorwa byazo. Dj Brianne ni umushoramari aho yashinze iduka ricuruza inzoga zizwi nka Rikeri(liquor) n'izindi zitandukanye<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/top-female-deejays-rwanda</ref> j2gn34zdyv5a38r7w4nixo10u5er9j1 0 10185 82622 82619 2022-04-30T14:17:49Z Npimagesrwanda 10892 /* Umunyamakuru w'ikigo kigihugu cy'itangazamakuru. Mukamabano Gloria akaba anashinzwe gukurikirana progaramu n'imikorere Bya kc2. */ #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Umunyamakuru w'ikigo kigihugu cy'itangazamakuru. Mukamabano Gloria akaba anashinzwe gukurikirana progaramu n'imikorere Bya kc2. == Gloria Mukamabano yaririmbye mundiro zabahanzi nyarwanda baba raperi batandukanye hari nkiyo bita ubuto bwanjye arikumwe na fireman(Ubuto bwanjye),yonjye kumvikana kandi mundirimbo (Bye bye Nyakatsi) arikumwe na Bull Dogg.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107824/umunyamakuru-gloria-mukamabano-uyobora-kc2-yahishuye-uko-yaririmbye-mu-ndirimbo-ya-bull-do-107824.html</ref> Uyumuhanzikazi akaba ari numunyamakuru kuri televiziyo y'urwanda.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107824/umunyamakuru-gloria-mukamabano-uyobora-kc2-yahishuye-uko-yaririmbye-mu-ndirimbo-ya-bull-do-107824.html</ref> hnw6ixocmitqz87unhqmh3shzvemzde 0 10186 83216 82612 2022-05-09T16:42:29Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kayumba.jpg|thumb|Miss kayumba Darina ]] Miss Darina Kayumba wambitswe ikamba ry igisonga cy kabiri rya Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] mumwaka 2022.akaba yarangije amashuri yisumbuye. Miss Darina waje mwirushanwa akaba mu bakobwa bahagarariye umujyi wa kigali.Miss Darina akaba yaraje muri top 3 yabantu bafite impano mw irushanwa rya Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> == UMWUGA == Miss Darina n umunyamideli muri komanyi yitwa MJWmanagement,MJWmanagement ikaba ari mwe mukampanyi areberera inyungu z abanyamideli  hirya n hino bagera kuri 4000 ifite icyicaro muri Ethiopia.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> Mu busanzwe Darina azwi mukwampamariza amakompanyi agiye atandukanye dore ko ubu ari mu bakobwa bake mu Rwanda bakurikirwa ku rubuga rwa Instagram aho akurikirwa n ibihumbi 33.2 kandi buri munota kuwundi baba biyongera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114520/uburanga-bwa-kayumba-darina-usanzwe-atigisa-imbuga-nkoranyambaga-wakomeje-muri-miss-rwanda-114520.html</ref> === references: === <references /> [[Ikiciro:WIKI Gap]] [[Ikiciro:Nyampinga]] 2z2s8rdrmzcefdm43a34q26ccb4z867 14 10187 82613 2022-04-30T14:10:01Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Umuco,Ubwenge,Ubwiza" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuco,Ubwenge,Ubwiza ld1t2sbytslc0l1lv5zfwycjejl2rgg 14 10188 82614 2022-04-30T14:11:14Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "bridging Gender Gap" wikitext text/x-wiki bridging Gender Gap kcqet5r7mi9dvsu67c25jh41mkdjg0d 0 10189 82861 82627 2022-05-04T13:35:24Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mutesi Marie Aime ni umupaster wumunyarwandakazi akaba umubyeyi wanyuze muntambara nyinshi mubuzima bwe agera aho yumva bimukomereye ubukene bumurembeje kuburyo yageze aho bimugora kwinjira murusengero ariko afata icyemezo cyo kwikomeza [https://www.agakiza.org/Ubuhamya-Uko-Pastor-Mutesi-wikomeje-ku-Mana-ari-mu-kaga-yatabawe.html mumana]<ref>Ubuhamya:Uko Pastor Mutesi wikomeje ku Mana ari mu kaga yatabawe - Agakiza | ubutumwa bwiza</ref> == Ishakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] cv8g0nyawnp6eyxucvuigonutnx0yix 0 10190 82617 2022-04-30T14:12:02Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 Iradukundafrancine12 moved page [[Pastor Mutesi]] to [[Mutesi Marie Aime]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutesi Marie Aime]] 26cmimqdj2rscc5fp7afr6zh7dhokwd 0 10191 82877 82620 2022-05-04T15:04:44Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Aissa Cyiza n'umunyarwanda wumunyamakuru wabigize umwuga akaba yaratangiye mu mwaka wa 2012 akaba yaratangiriye umwuga w'ubunyamakuru kucyinyamakuru cya isangostar mugihe cyimyaka itatu aho yahise ajya kukinyamakuru cya royal fm naho akaba ariho abarizwa ubu,yavutse 1990, yiga amashuri abanza muri Ecole Primaire Muhima aho yahavuye atangira ayisumbuye muri Groupe scolaire y' ibutare<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87773/twaganiriye-numunyamakuru-aissa-cyiza-wakuze-ashaka-kuba-umunyapolitike-ukomeye-aduhishuri-87773.html</ref> ndesbc785aykmw95g78z7j6vitb6akk 0 10192 83630 82841 2022-05-17T13:10:04Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Amateka */ wikitext text/x-wiki Kalimpinya Queen ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi wavutse ku italiki ya 6 kanama avukira i [[kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Queen yabaye igisonga cya gatatu cya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] w'u [[Rwanda]] mu 2017 Mu birori byo kwizihiza isabukuru ye y'imyaka cumi n'icyenda yongeye kwerekana ubuhanga n"ubwiza kandi n'urugwiro nkuko byashimangiwe nabagenzi be babanye muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|missrwanda]] bamuvuze ibigwi byinshi cyane. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/76886/miss-kalimpinya-queen-yizihije-isabukuru-y-amavuko-bagenzi-b-76886.html</ref> == Amateka == Kalimpinya Queen yavukiye mu karere ka [[Kigali|nyarugenge]] mu mujyi wa [[kigali]] ku italiki ya 6 kanama 1998. Queen yize amashuli abanza mu kigo cya na Ecole Primaire Cyahafi na APACOPE, akomereza amashuli yisumbuye y'ikiciro rusange mu kigo cya St Aloys i [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] akomereza ikiciro kisumbuye kuri [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]] aho yarangirije mu 2015.<ref>https://yegob.rw/miss-kalimpinya-queen-yabyinanye-numubyeyi-we-muri-week-end-video/</ref> == Agashya == Nyuma yo kwamamara Queen Kalimpinya yakomeje guhura nibizazane bizana no kwamamara aho yaje kwitirirwa urubuga rwa twitter rwatangazaga amafoto adahuje n'indangagaciro zimuranga aho yaje no gutanga ikirego ku rwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe iperereza RIB. <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-kalimpinya-queen-wari-umaze-igihe-ahagayikishijwe-n-uwamwiyitiriye-yatanze</ref> == Ishakiro == ol007vndho1xjm12tinsgjgq9qne217 0 10193 83334 83283 2022-05-11T14:15:09Z Aline NDACYAYISENGA 10370 wikitext text/x-wiki == Bahati Grace == Bahati Grace [[Rwanda|n'umunyarwandakazi]] wavutse 15 werurwe 1991. Grace yabaye [https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/ Nyampinga w'urwanda 2009], Akora nkumwunganizi mubuvuzi wamenyo.[https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/] == Ubuzima bwite == Bahati yavukiye mu [[Ubugande|bugande]] 15 werurwe 1991, mu 1994 ubwo yaramajije kugira imyaka itatu we numuryango we bimukiye mu [[Rwanda]]. yavukiye mu muryango mugari aho umuryango ninshuti ze aringenzi kubuzima bwe. == Umwuga == Bahati ubwo yagiraga imyaka 16 yiyemeje gukora umwuga wo kumurika imideli yabiterwagamo imbaraga nababyeyi ndetse ni nshuti ze, ubwo yaragejeje imyaka 18 yinjiye mwirushwanw arya nyampinga wu Rwanda 2009 kunshuro yaryo ya kabiri nyuma yiryambere ryabaye 1994. yabaye Nyampinga wu Rwanda ndetse numukobwa uhiga abandi mukwifotoza. muri Bahati yahisemo gukomereza inzozi ze muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika]] kuwa 22 Kamena 2011.[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/miss-bahati-grace-ari-mu-rwanda] Bahati yabaye Umunyamabanga rusange w umuryango wabanyarwanda ndinshuti baba [[:en:Iowa|Iowa]] muri [[Amerika]] kuva 2017 kugera 2019.[https://missrwanda.rw/grace-bahati/] == Amashuri == Bahati afite impamyabumenyi yiciciro ya cyakabiri cya kaminuza mubijyanye ni binyabuzima nubutabiri yize mri Kaminuza yitwa Mount Mercy anakomerezayo nibijyanye nu buvuzi bwamenyo. q45jkbmvubhubzd09nqopnhus2zlxf0 0 10194 82626 2022-04-30T14:23:12Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Cyuzuzo Jeane D'arc ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'ubunyamakuru w'imyidagaduro jskrcykenztbbrck4v72o92m19flez0 0 10195 83298 83297 2022-05-10T15:55:28Z Bahati123 10893 # wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima == Izerimana Olive n'umunyarwandakazi ufite [[imyaka]] 26 yavutse tariki ya (11/12/1996)<ref>https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/olive-izerimana</ref>. == Ibigwi == Izerimana akina umukino wo gusiganwa ku magare aho yatangiye gusiganwa kinyamwuga muri uwo mukino mu mwaka( 2018 )ndetse anitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga yabagore basiganwa kumagare ku rwego rwa [[African Wildlife Foundation|Africa]] mumwaka 2019 arinabwo yegukanye umwanya wa 17<ref>https://www.the-sports.org/t-spf546487.html</ref> <ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_Izerimana</ref> mu bari bitabiriye amarushanwa bose muri [[African Jim|Africa]] . == SHAKA == <references /> d3d621legteo0is7b41d5tfi9kz5cni 0 10196 82729 82664 2022-05-02T12:44:18Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali edit wikitext text/x-wiki === AMAVU N'AMAVUKO === UMURERWA EVELYNE<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=umurerwa+evelyne&sxsrf=ALiCzsaf7Mehum3JCtIxUh1IlxATa_FVQQ:1651326618519&ei=mj5tYs2zH8LWarjKn8AN&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwjN6ISE97v3AhVCqxoKHTjlB9g4ChDy0wN6BAgBEDM&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1</ref> yavutse 1977, avukira [[Kigali|mumugi wa kigali]] ubu ni mukarere ka Nyarugenge . Ni umwe mu banyamakuru ba [[Rwanda|radio na television]], akaba yaratangiye umwuga witangaza makuru 1998 ubwo yari arangije amashuri y'isumbuye ( centre Islamique d'enseignements secondaires de kigali ).<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri</ref> === IBIKORWA YAKOZE === Iyo ugiye kureba amakuru mu kinyarwanda ahari mubitecyerezo bya benshi haza izina UMURERWA EVELYNE kuko amaze kwiga yakoze kuri radio na television rwanda (RWANDA TV) akaba ayimazeho imwaka igera kuri 21 akora umwuga w'itangazamakuru ariho nanubu agikora. Ababyirutse mu myaka ya 2000 baribuka, aho buri wa Gatandatu mu masaha y'umugoroba buri wese yabaga yicaye imbere ya televiziyo, uwo iwabo batayifite akajya kuyivumba yanga gucikwa n'ibiganiro yakoraga, Aho yagiye akora ibiganiro nka tele Detante,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> tinyuka urashoboye,<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri</ref> umugore mu iterambere<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> hamwe numunyamakuru usoma amakuru mu kinyarwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref>. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru IGIHE, yavuze ko zari inzozi zibaye impamo, kuko yari yarakuze yiyumvamo kuzaba umunyamakuru ukomeye, kuburyo rimwe na rimwe yagendaga yivugisha mu nzira. Yagize ati " Kuva kera narabikundaga cyane, nakurikiranaga kenshi Radio Rwanda, rimwe na rimwe nkajya mfata umwanya nkigana abanyamakuru bayo nka ba Amabilisi Sibomana, hari n'ubwo nagendaga nivugisha. Nabyinjiyemo nkiri muto cyane ku buyo na Kaminuza n'andi mahugurwa yose nagiye mbona, urebye nayakoze ndi mu itangazamakuru." Bitewe n'uburyo abantu bishimira ibyo akora ndetse abana b'akobwa bagatangira kumufata nk'icyitegererezo byatumwe arushaho kugira umuhate. Ati " Ni umwuga mwiza, ku buryo kuwuvamo hari igihe bigorana. Ni umwuga uguhitisha ahantu hose kandi neza, ni umwuga utuma w'iyubaha. Ni umurimo mwiza cyane iyo wawukoze mu buryo bunoze kandi bwa kinyamwuga." Yavuze ko itangazamakuru rishobora kukugeza ahantu henshi ndetse mu gihe warikoze wirinda amarangamutima udashobora kurambirwa. === TINYUKA URASHOBOYE IKIGANIRO KIMURUTIRA IBINDI === Nubwo yagiye akora ibiganiro byinshi by'urubyiruko bigakundwa ndetse akavuga amakuru benshi bakaryoherwa, Umurerwa we ahamya ko muri byinshi yakoze icyamurutiye byose ari icy'abagore cyitwa "Tinyuka urashoboye"yatangiye muri 2010. Ati " Ni ikiganiro bishimisha iyo mpuye n'umugore akambwira ati nakoraga akazi kampemba amafaranga buri kwezi ariko uyu munsi kubera ko ngenda nkurikira ibiganiro byawe byaramfashije ndikorera. Ubu n'uwansubiza mu kazi ngo ampembe amamiliyoni ntabwo nshobora kubikora." Muri iki kiganiro aganira n'abagore bari mu nzego zitandukanye bafite ibikorwa bikomeye bagezeho. Uretse kuba iki kiganiro yatangiye biturutse ku gitekerezo cye bwite, akunganirwa n'ubuyobozi bw'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru (RBA) akorera, gituma abenshi batinyuka kwikorera, abana b'abakobwa bakajya mu myuga yafatwaga nk'igenewe abagabo, abo baganira ahamya ko abigiraho byinshi. Ati "Hari igihe nganira n'umugore runaka nkavuga ngo ariko ubu nanjye nyuma y'aha sinamera nkawe? Nanjye bambera urugero, nubwo mba ndi mu kiganiro, bimpa ibitekerezo by'inzira nakoresha nashatse guhindura ubuzima nerekeza mu iterambere. === AKAZI HAMWE NU MURYANGO === Ati "Hano akazi kacu kabanyamakuru kaba gateguye neza, uretse n'ikiganiro cya 'Tinyuka Urashoboye' nkora no gusoma amakuru. Yego baraguhamagara uhora witeguye, ariko bisaba kwiha intego. Burya iyo umuntu ari umubyeyi, agira uburyo abyitwaramo,kwita k'ubana n' uburere bwabo bukitabwaho kandi n'akazi kakagenda neza." Ibyo yabivuze afite abana batatu harimo nuwari ucyiri umwana muto cyane. Umurerwa Akomeza avuga ko ubuzima bwiza abayemo uyu munsi abukesha umwuga witangazamakuru rikomatanyije n'umugisha uturuka ku Mana. Ati "Uyu munsi mba ahantu ntakodesha, imodoka yose nshatse ndayigura, ariko nanone byose bisaba kwizigama." Inseko, uburanga n'imiterere bya Umurerwa kuri televiziyo ni nabyo uhuye nawe mu buzima busazwe uhita ubona, ndetse nta n'uwatinya kuvuga ko mu myaka isaga 21 nta kintu kinini yahindutseho. Umurerwa iyo atari mu kazi, umwanya we awuharira gukora siporo zirimo kwiruka, gym tonic, rimwe narimwe akajya koga, ariko byose ntibimubuza kwiragiza Imana yo mugenga wa byose. === AMASHAKIRO === pmhyordx6y75wpub2tv5tm84yr5agqg 0 10197 82692 82659 2022-05-02T06:41:09Z Npimagesrwanda 10892 wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Grace Divine uzwi kumazina ya Dj Ira uyumukobwa w'imyaka 26 y'amavuko uvugako yajyeze murwanda bwa mbere mu Rwanda muri 2015 aje gusura mubyara we Deejay Bisoso nawe uvanga umuziki kuri televiziyo yu Rwanda. Umuvangamizikikazi ukunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] ufite inkomoko mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] uzwi kwizina rya DJ Ira n'umwe mubakobwa bake batinyutse gukora uyu mw'umwuga warumenyerewemwo abahungu cyane avugako mukazi ke kaburi munsi ahura nimbogamizi zabagabo baza kumutereta ba mwitiranya n'indaya. Dj ira yigishijwe by'inshi na musazawe Dj bissoso amaze kwigaragaza henshi mu bitaramo bikomeye bitandukanye ndetse yanagaragaye henshi mu bitaramo bya PGGSS6 avangavangira imiziki abahanzi benshi batandukanye, ndetse aha ninaho benshi bamubonyemo kuba ari umukobwa ushoboye kuba yanezeza imbaga y'abitabiriye ibitaramo abavangavangira imiziki kuburyo bw'umwuga.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/video-dj-ira-umukobwa-urangamiye-kuba-icyitegererezo-mu-kuvanga-imiziki</ref>. 37xwo02vlevv8x7l2dgm2hmeuje0df8 0 10198 82636 2022-04-30T14:38:42Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Michele numunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'ubunyamakuru mugisate cy'imyidagaduro pszukmy27s0nc2pmymc1um71j9ichno 0 10199 83203 83195 2022-05-09T12:54:21Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Julienne Kabanda (wavutse 1980) ni umuvugabutumwa, akaba n'umuyobozi wa Grace Room Ministries<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/your-glory-lord-conference-start-today</ref> ni umwe mu bavugabutumwa bakunzwe cyane bitewe n'inyigisho ze ahuza [[ubuzima]] bwa buri munsi abantu banyuramo byagera byagera k'urubyiruko bikaba akarusho<ref>Amashusho y’Indirimbo “Isezerano” ya Korari Ukuboko kw’Iburyo yageze hanze (agakiza.com)</ref> . Julienne Kabanda akaba ari n'umuvugabutumwa muri Jubilee Revival Assembly Church. <ref>Umuryango w’ivugabutumwa wa Pst Julienne Kabanda wahurije amatsinda y’ibigwi mu giterane gikomeye - IGIHE.com</ref> == == Ubuzima Bwite == Julienne Kabanda n'umufasha we Stanley Kabanda washinze Jubilee Revival Assembly Church akaba n'umubyeyi w'[[abana]] bane avugako yatangiye ivugabutumwa akiri muto cyane kuko yari afite imyaka 18. Julienne Kabanda avugako yavukiye mumuryango wa gikiristo ariko utari mw'ivugabutumwa ngo yaciye mubintu byinshi akiri umwana yakundaga [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] kuririmba no kubyina m'utubyiniro dukomeye mumujyi wa Kigali yemeza ko iyo Imana itaza kumufata akiri muriyo myaka byari kumukomerera akaba yarakijijwe avuye mukabyiniro.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/article/umukozi-wo-mu-rugo-yamuhuje-n-agakiza-ubuzima-bwa-past-kabanda-umaze-imyaka-20</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66395/pastor-kabanda-na-julienne-barashima-imana-ko-bibarutse-umuh-66395.html</ref> == Umwuga == Julienne Kabanda ni umushumba mw'itorero Jubilee Revival Assembly Church tariki 16/05/2018<ref>https://nkundagospel.rw/2021/11/16/past-julienne-kabanda-atunguje-umugabo-we-amagambo-akomeye-mu-ruhame/</ref> akaba aribwo yafunguye Grace Room Ministiry mu birori byabareye Hotel umubano kacyiru mumujyi wa [[Kigali]]. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86367/pastor-julienne-kabanda-86367.html</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba b'abapasiteri]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] be1tw0ixh7ds70gndubixt80z5t39hq 0 10200 82652 82639 2022-04-30T15:06:00Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali added wikilinks wikitext text/x-wiki Marie Goreth Nyiraminani (27 Kamena 1981), ni umupasiteri [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga, yabayeho agearageza guharanira ko bagenzi be babaho bishimye<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/29119</ref>. Ni umuhanzi akaba kandi akora umwuga wo kwita ku misatsi muri rusange. == Ubuzima bwe == Marie Goreth Nyiraminani yavutse 27 Kamena 1981 avukana ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga we na murumuna we.<ref name=":0" /> Mu 1994 muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yabuze mama we na barumuna be babiri naho basaza be batutu baburirwa irengero, Nyiraminani yasigaranye na Se bajya mu [[Ubugande|bugande]]<ref name=":0" />. == Umwuga == Marie Goreth Nyiraminani yize amashuri ye abanza mu ishuri ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga ahahoze hitwa Butare mu ntara y'amajyepfo akomereza mu gihugu cya Kenya aho yigiye amasomo y'igihe gito mu ishuri rya bibiriya.<ref name=":0" /> Asoje amasomo yafunguye urusengero rw'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga i Kigali. Nyiraminani ni umuhanzi akaba anakora umwuga wo gusokoza imisatsi bimufasha mu mibereho ye ya buri munsi hamwe na murumuna we nawe ufite ubwo bumuga.<ref name=":0" /> == amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abavugabutumwa babagore]] p3esf44e80v4jb10gumdpyrh08vcz29 14 10201 82640 2022-04-30T14:49:26Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali created category wikitext text/x-wiki Abagore bakora umurimo w'Imana 1lad55fjxwxan0mdxzk0z7sa9h3ysmh 0 10202 82648 82643 2022-04-30T15:02:55Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Knowles Butera.jpg|thumb|Butera ]] Butera Jane Uzwi kuzina rya Knowless Muburyo Bwumwuga wavutse 2 Ukwakira 1990) Akaba arumuhanzi wu Rwanda. Butera yajyiye akora indirimbo nyinshi Zitandukanye . Indirimbo ze zikora ku nsanganyamatsiko nk'imibanire y'urukundo, ibibazo bya sosiyete n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi. <ref name="salax">http://chimpreports.com/index.php/entertainment/12109-riderman-wins-rwanda-talent-search.html</ref> == Amateka == === Imyaka yo hambere hamwe namateka === Buterayavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], Akaba umwana w'ikinege wa Jean-Marie Vianney Butera na Marie Claire Uyambaje, bombi bakaba barapfuye. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69290</ref> Nyina yahoze ari umuririmbyi wambere muri korari y'itorero ry'Abadiventisti b'umunsi wa Karindwi . Butera yize amashuri abanza ya ESCAF i Nyamirambo, APARUDE yisumbuye i Ruhango na APACE yisumbuye i [[Kigali]] Akaba yarize Ikorana Buhanga . Akaba Yari umwe muro korsri yo muri APACE .Mu mwaka wa 2012, yatangiye kwiga kaminuza muri Kigali Institute of Science and Technology . <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20120110120556/http://tukabyine.com/index.php/articles/knowles-rwandas-true-music-diva</ref> Muri 2019, nibwo yasozaga MBA muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma . Akaba numubyeyi w'abakobwa babiri witwa Ora & Inzora Butera. === Umwuga wa muzika === [[Dosiye:Knowless Butera.jpg|thumb|Butera ]] Knowless yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Komeza'', mu Kuboza 2011. Album ye ya kabiri, ''Uwo Ndiwe'', yasohotse muri Werurwe 2013. <ref name="salax2">http://focus.rw/wp/2013/04/action-packed-female-stars-take-over-rwanda/</ref> Knowless acungwa munsi ya label ya Kina Muzika. <ref name="chimp">http://chimpreports.com/index.php/entertainment/12109-riderman-wins-rwanda-talent-search.html</ref> Yakinnye mu Rwanda no mu bihugu duturanye, harimo na Uganda, kandi akorana n'abahanzi benshi, barimo Abanyarwanda Danny, Paccy, Ciney, Jay Polly, Kamichi na Urban Boyz, hamwe n'itsinda rya Vampos rya Uganda. Yise umuhanzi Cecile Kayirebwa w’umunyarwanda ukomoka mu Bubiligi n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo w’umunyamerika R&B, Brandy Norwood . muri 2021 yasohoye alubumu nshya yitwa INZORA. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/knowless-set-to-release-inzora-her-best-album-ever/</ref> == Ibihembo == Knowless yatsindiye "Umuhanzi mushya mwiza" mumarushanwa ya Salax Awards 2010. Muri Kanama 2013, yegukanye umwanya wa gatatu mu marushanwa ngarukamwaka ya Primus Guma Guma Super Star, abera kuri [[Stade Amahoro]] . <ref>http://chimpreports.com/index.php/entertainment/12109-riderman-wins-rwanda-talent-search.html</ref> Muri Werurwe 2013 yatsindiye igihembo cye cya kabiri cya Salax, kuri iyi nshuro mu cyiciro cy "Umuhanzi w’umugore mwiza". Muri 2013, Knowless yari kimwe mu bikorwa bitatu byo mu Rwanda byakinnye mu birori bya "Rwanda Day" byabereye i Londres. <ref>http://www.rwandashow.com/index.php/2013/05/knowles-applauds-rwanda-day/</ref> muri 2015, Knowless Butera yatsindiye Primus Gumma Gumma Superstar Edition ya 5, kandi niwe mugore wambere wegukanye amarushanwa nkaya == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Artist]] [[Ikiciro:Entertainment]] [[Ikiciro:Women]] 8cjtae2g04xa79ldcsr2c57v9qrfgdb 0 10204 82645 2022-04-30T14:57:29Z Annick green 9913 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UWANYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal == UWAMYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal,<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/uwanyirigira-marie-chantal-yatorewe-kuyobora-akarere-ka-burera</ref> ni umugore wavutse muri 1981, avukira mu karere ka Burera, akaba ari muri muyobozi bw' inzego zibanze. === AMATEKA === UWANYIRIGIRA Marie Chantal, yavukiye mu murenge wa rusarabuye ho muri [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera,]] ninaho yize amashuri abanza, mugihe yari ageze mumashuri yi sumbuye yatangiye kwiga bimugoye kuko byari mugihe cy' umutekano muke. yakomeje kwiga aho mu mwaka wa 2010 niho yabonye impamyabumenyi y' icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri KIE. === IMIRIMO YAKOZE === uyu mutegarugori yakoze imirimo itandukanye aho yabaye umuyobozi w' ishami ry' uburezi mu karere ka Burera ndetse mu mwaka wa 2019 yaje gutorerwa kuyobora akarere ka Burere nk' umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/amateka-ya-uwanyirigira-utarigeze-atekereza-ko-yaba-meya</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === lxncl133n6op5ws73x2a5m6egaai89j 0 10205 83629 83293 2022-05-17T12:59:03Z Umurigirwa 10947 /* AMATEKA */ wikitext text/x-wiki == AMATEKA == [[Dosiye:Evelyne Umurerwa.jpg|alt=|thumb|Evelyne Umurerwa ]] Evelyne Umurerwa n'Umunyarwandakazi wavutse m'[[umwaka]] (1977) aho yavukiye mu karere ka Nyarugenge<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64059</ref> [[Umugimbo|umugi]] wa [[kigali]] ni mwene Eduard Nsababera na Blandine Mukasekuru, yashakanye n'uwitwa Jean-Marie Uwizeye k'itariki (8/1/200) uyu mugabo babyaranye [[abana]] 3. == AMASHURI YIZE == Evelyne Umurerwa yize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] yisumbuye kukigo cya Centre Islamiques de l'Enseignments Secondaires de [[Kigali]] (CIESK) Akomereza amashuri ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] kukigo cya [[Kigali]] independent yiga ishami ryimimibanire. == AKAZI YAKOZE == Umurerwa n'umunyarwandakazi w'umunyamakuru ukorera [[Radio Studio 54 Network|Radio]] na television by'Urwanda<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri</ref> kuva mu mwaka (1998)<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/80370</ref> aho abimazemo [[imyaka]] irenga 20,yakoze kuri radio na television by'[[igihugu]] agisoza kwiga amashuri yisumbuye nyuma anaminuza akora ako kazi k'ubunyamakuru, mu kazi akora kuri television '[[rwanda]] yibanda kubiganiro bijyanye niterambere cyane cyane ry'igitsina gore aho yakoze ikiganiro cyitwa Iterambere ry'Abagore muri ikigihe arimo gukora ikiganiro cya Tinyuka urashoboye<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-umurerwa-evelyne-umaze-imyaka-isaga-17-asoma-amakuru-kuri</ref> kuva mu mwaka (2010) kuri television y'Urwanda aho iki kiganiro gishishikariza abagore kwitinyuka bakihangira imirimo bagakora imishinga mitoya bahereye kugishoro gitoya ibi bizabarinda guhora batergereje ibivuye kubagabo babo bakigira ubwabo,uyu munyamakuru kandi akora mukanama nkemura mpaka mu gihe cya [[Miss Jojo|miss]] [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka 2020<ref>https://www.genesisbizz.com/Miss-Rwanda-2020-uko-byari-bimeze-mu-ntara-enye-z-igihugu</ref>. == MU GIHE CYO KURUHUKA == Mugihe cyo kuruhuka igihe Evelyne atari mukazi akunda kuba arikumwe n'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we ndetse n'inshuti ze,akunda gukora [[siporo]] cyane harimo kwiruka,koga,gym tonic ndetse na sauna aho abikorera k'[[Umugano|Umubano]] [[Hotel Rwanda|Hotel.]] == SHAKIRA HANO == <references /> qq6t46m3klf8f640e25mqtj5kffjdp4 0 10206 83441 83440 2022-05-13T10:58:18Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Rigoga ruth]] to [[Rigoga Ruth]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rigoga Ruth.png|thumb|Ruth]] Rigoga Ruth Ni Umunyarwandakazi w'Umunyamakurukazi uvuga imikino mu [[Rwanda]] wamamaye cyane nkumwe mubagore bavuga amakuru yimikino mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kuko twaritumenyereye ko amakuru y'imikino mu [[Rwanda]] akorwa nabagabo gusa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80844/umunyamakuru-rigoga-ruth-yarushinze-n-umusirikare-ufite-ipet-80844.html</ref> == Ama Radiyo yakozeho == Rigoga Ruth yakoze kuma radiyo menshi [[Kigali|Ikigali]] harimo:KFM ari nayo yatangiriyeho umwuga w'itangazamakuru ry'imikino mu [[Rwanda]] ahava ajya kuri radio&tv10 ariho yavuye ajya ku kigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]](RBA)<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/meet-ruth-rigoga-trailblazing-female-sports-journalist-defying-odds</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Taliki 10 werurwe mu mwaka 2018 nibwo umunyamakuru w'imikino Rigoga Ruth yarushinze na liyetona Kamali Fred <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</ref>Rigoga yize amashuri yisumbuye kuri bourse kubera gukina umupira w'amaguru, ”Rigoga.Muri icyo gihe, yahujije radiyo n’amasomo ubwo yakurikiranaga impamyabumenyi mu itangazamakuru muri kaminuza y’u [[Rwanda]] (UR).Mu mwaka 2012, yatewe ubwoba na 98.7 KFM nshya, radiyo yari ifitwe na Nation Media Group (NMG), ariko nyuma igahagarika ibikorwa muri kamena mu mwaka 2016. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</ref>Nubwo yakoraga mubidukikije byiganjemo abagabo, Rigoga yakomeje kwigaragaza mubiganiro 10 Imikino, yari imwe mubiganiro by'imikino bizwi cyane mu Rwanda. Muri Kamena 2019, yinjiye muri RBA aho atanga ibitaramo bibiri, 'RTV Sports na Kick-off, biri mubirebwa cyane.Rigoga avuga ko bitigeze byoroha na gato, kubera ko byabaye ngombwa ko asuzugura ibintu byinshi, birimo imyumvire ya sosiyete, ibitekerezo bibi ndetse no guhuza umubyeyi n'akazi.Ati: "Ntabwo byabaye urugendo rwiza nkuko bigaragara. Nahuye n'ibisitaza mu nzira, cyane cyane abantu bambwira ibintu bimpagarika umutima ariko nkomeza kugenda. ”Rigoga.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Wikigap]] kzeckvx1ekh5z7vfhmu3wl5hsjrdfu5 14 10207 82649 2022-04-30T15:03:44Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Umuhanzi Nya Rwanda" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhanzi Nya Rwanda kf8k2vtwutvp2va0xc1ab9nivx73rjh 14 10208 82650 2022-04-30T15:04:11Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Imyidagaduro" wikitext text/x-wiki Imyidagaduro d5f1m2b1wftsan8tx6hu93yhio7wwpg 14 10209 82651 2022-04-30T15:04:47Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Abategarugori" wikitext text/x-wiki Abategarugori gmszkg6e2gjlc2mdm4nwf5umm7ujfog 0 10210 82653 2022-04-30T15:06:31Z Divine2004 10613 # wikigapKIGALI edit wikitext text/x-wiki Paster julienne kabiligi kabanda numwe mu bavuga butumwa bakunzwe cyane, [[Dosiye:Julienne Kabanda Pastor.jpg|thumb|julienne kabanda paster]] bitewe ninyigishoze ahuza nu buzima bwa buri munsi bantu banyuramo byagerara,kurubyiruko bikanurira. == Amateka == julienne kabiligi kabanda ni umubyeyi wa bana bane afite imyaka 41, yatangiye ivuga butumwa akiri muto cyane kumyaka 18 gusa yavukiye mu muryango wa gikristo ariko utari muri iri vuga butumwa ryu yumunsi.<ref>bantu/article/umukozi-wo-mu-rugo-yamuhuje-n-agakiza-ubuzima-bwa-past-kabanda-umaze-i</ref> akiri umwana yakundaga umuziki cyane no kubyina mutubyiniro dutandukanye two mu mujyi wa kigali. == Urugendorwe rwo gukizwa == Julienne yakijijwe avuye mukabyiniro kubera umukozi wo murugo babanaga yahoraga aterwa intimba ni myitwarire ye akamusengera. icyo gihe yaravuye mugitaramo atashye asanga umukozi wabo yashyize bibiriya mucyumba cye icyogihe yabuze ibitotsi arabyuka afata, ya bibiriya atangira gusoma nibwo yahise agwa kwi jambo rivuga ngo ku uwo munsi azatoranya ihene muntama.bukeye ajya gusenga atangira urugendo rwe uko.<ref>m/kxlly_8/?hl=en</ref> == Ibikorwa bye == julienne yatangije ishuri bita high hopes rigamije gufasha abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.<ref>julienne+kabanda&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiak6XN-Lv3AhVpgs4BHbJOCd</ref> akaba ayobora nu rusengero rwita jubilee revival assembly hamwe nu mugabo we Kabanda stanly. == REBA == fbkl2y5up4jnarl5kr752mey81oqs8c 0 10211 83498 83450 2022-05-14T04:48:17Z Puerta25 10599 /* Amakipe yakiniye */ Source du Kivu women football team wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimana Clarisse Ni Umunyarwandakazi w'Umunyamakurukazi ukora amakuru y'imikino,wanabaye Umukinnyi w'umupira wamaguru mu Amakipe y'Abagore mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://yegob.rw/ibyabaye-ku-musore-wakunze-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-si-byiza-habe-na-mba/</ref> Umunyamakurukazi wa B&B FM Clarisse yaje kwerekeza mu gihugu cya Cameroon ahari hagiye kubera [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu]] ([[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|CAN 2021]])<ref>https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/</ref>. Clamama nkuko bakunze kumwita, yatangaje ko iyi ari CAN ye ya gatatu yari agiye kwitabira nyuma y’icyabereye muri Egypt mu mwaka 2019 ndetse nicyo mu mwaka 2017 cyabereye muri [[Gabon]].<ref>https://yegob.rw/umunyamakuru-wa-bb-fm-umwezi-uwimana-clarisse-niwe-munyamakuru-umwe-rukumbi-mu-rwanda-ugiye-kwitabira-can-2021-1/</ref> == Amakipe yakiniye == Yakiniye APR FC Yabagore na AS KIGALI Yabagore, Clarisse Kandi Yakinnye no hanze Y'Igihugu Aho Yakiniye Source du Kivu women football team<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</ref>. Umunyamakurukazi Uwimana Clarisse niwe munyamakuru umwe rukumbi mu [[Rwanda]] witabiye [[Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2010)|Igikombe cy’Afurika cy’Ibihugu (CAN 2021)]] Ahagarariye radiyo akorera B&B fm Umwezi nk'umukozi wagombaga kuba ari kuri tere abagezaho amakuru.<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwimana-wa-radio-bb-fm-yagaragajeko-yishimiye-ko-yahawe-indabo-ku-munsi-wa-saint-valentin-ku-ifoto-asiba-uwazimuhaye-bituma-benshi-bibaza-icyabimuteye/</ref> == Amaradiyo yakozeho == Yakoze kuri Radiyo Flash FM akora kuri Contact FM & Contact TV, Ubu akaba akora kuri radiyo y'Imikino B&B fm Umwezi.[[Dosiye:Clarisse UWIMANA.png|thumb|uwimana clarisse]] == Ibirambuye<ref><nowiki>https://ibyamamare-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-uwimana-clarisse-yahawe-impano-yumwambaro-numukinnyi-wa-polisi-wamusanze-ku-kaziamafoto/?amp=1&amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16513380295554&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fibyamamare.com%2Fumunyamakuru-uwimana-clarisse-yahawe-impano-yumwambaro-numukinnyi-wa-polisi-wamusanze-ku-kaziamafoto%2F</nowiki></ref> == 565aukaf2y5aopi1o28lq6n0bzxelad 0 10212 83141 83140 2022-05-08T07:00:59Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''UWINEZA Clarisse''' ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye cyane ku izina rya clara mwitangazamakuru akora kuri [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|Radio]] akaba kandi azwi ku izina rya Mama mimi muri filime yuruhererekane yitwa [[indoto]]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe bwite == '''Uwineza Clarisse''' ni umubyeyi w'abana babiri ni umunyamakuru akaba n'umuvugabutumwa bwite, mu buzima bwa Clarisse hari ibihe byiza n'bibi, mubihe bye byiza harimo kuba ari umubyeyi, kuba akora akazi akunda, hari n'ibibi yahuye na byo mu buzima byamukomereye, harimo kurwara Covid-19 inshuro ebyiri, kurwara kanseri ndetse n’igihe yatandukanaga n’uwo bari barashakanye. Clarisse yashenguwe no gutandukana n'umugabo we kuko yumvaga ntacyo atakoze ngo babane neza, mubindi bibi byamubayeho ni ugusanga arwaye kanseri kuko yabimenye nyuma yo gutandukana nuwari umufasha we, bityo bimubera ibizazane, avugako yafashijwe no gusenga ndetse no kwizera Imana, avuga kandi ko ikindi mubyamushenguye harimo nigihe yigeze kubura imfura ye gusa kubufatanye na polisi yu Rwanda akaza kumubona<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71682/ubuhamya-bw-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-bw-uko-yibwe-umwan-71682.html</ref>. == Amashuri yize == Uwineza Clarisse yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye, yize itangazamakuru muri kaminuza (ICK) ishuri rikuru Gatholika rya Kabgayi. == Ikazi akora == Uwineza Clarisse uzwi nka clara, ni izina yahawe nakazi kitangazamakuru umwe mubyo kora nkumwuga clara ari mubanyamakuru bakunzwe kuri Radio Rwanda aho akora ibiganiro bitandukanye harimo: nta rungu, kazi ni kazi hamwe nibindi bitabndukanye bituma akundwa nabatari bacye. Clarisse amaze imyaka irenga 17 mu mwuga witangazamakuru aho yawutangiriye kuri Radio Maria ahamara imyaka irindwi, yavuye kuri Radio Maria ajya gukora kuri Radio Salus akorerayo imyaka ibiri. yaje kubona akazi mu kigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru cyahoze cyitwa ORINFOR muri 2010 aho yakomereje akazi ke kugeza nubu akaba ariho agikora mukiganiro Nta Rungu gikunzwe nabatari nabantu benshi. Uwineza Clarisse avuga ko akunda cyane itangazamakuru ndetse ko yahuze yifuza kuzaba umukinnyi wa filime akaba yarakabije inzozi muri 2020 ubwo yatangiye gukina muri filime yuruhererekane ica kuri Television Rwanda yitwa Indoto, aho akina yitwa Mama Mimi<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uwineza-clarisse-uzwi-kuri-radiyo-rwanda-yinjiye-muri-sinema-yongera-gukabya</ref>. 16qbtn05cl7f7twukxsv63c0tnqc0ub 0 10213 83490 82668 2022-05-14T04:13:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abayisenga Marie Grace'''( yavutse 19 Nzerli 1993), uzwi nka Young Grace, ni umuhanzikazi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] ukora injyana ya rap, yatoranyijwe kujya mu irushanywa rya PGGSS4 mu mwaka wa 2014, niwe kandi washinze studio yitwa Kitchen Pictures ikorera i Rubavu mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/nyina-wa-young-grace-yatangije-studio-itunganya-umuziki-n-amashusho</ref><ref>[https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/young-grace-yinjiye-muri-primus-guma-guma-bidasubirwaho https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/young-grace-yinjiye-muri-primus-guma-guma]</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/ku-myaka-21-young-grace-yujuje</ref> == Ubuzima bwe == '''Young Grace''' yavutse kuwa 19 Nzeri 1993, avukira i [[Rubavu]] mu burengerazuba , ababyeyi be bamwise Abayisenga Marie Grace; avuka mu muryango w'abana batatu akaba imfura muri bo, akurikirwa n'umuhungu hanyuma hagaheruka umukobwa, afite ababyeyi bombi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/abahanzi/young-grace/amakuru/article/nyuma-y-imyenda-avugwaho-young</ref> == Umwuga == '''Young Grace''' yatangiye umuziki mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2009, ubwo yasohoye indirimbo ye ya mbere yise Hip hop Game aza kuyitirira album ye ya mbere.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/impera-z-icyumweru-zasize-young-grace-i-dubai-bruce-melodie-i-dar-es-salam</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] 8ev3kok2uksq1800323sggc104fm469 0 10214 82667 82666 2022-05-01T05:44:50Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali added edited errors wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dorothée Munyaneza dancing to Yitwa Mandela.jpg|thumb|Dorothée Munyaneza ari Kubyina ]] '''Dorothée Munyaneza''' (wavutse 1982) ni umuririmbyi, umukinnyi wa filime, umubyinnyi wo mu [[bwongereza]] ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]]. Yagaragaye mu bice bibiri bya filimi, ''Samedi Détente'' na ''Unwanted'', byombi bijyanye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda muri 1994<ref name="NYT" />. == Ubuzima bwite == Munyaneza yavukiye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="NYT">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/arts/dance/dorothee-munyaneza-unwanted-rwanda.html</ref> Se ni umuvugabutumwa, naho nyina ni umunyamakuru. <ref name="Provence">https://www.laprovence.com/article/sorties-loisirs/4498002/la-resiliente.html</ref> Munyaneza n'umuryango we bavuye i Kigali mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]], igihe Munyaneza yari afite imyaka 12. <ref name="NYT" /> Nyina yakoraga mu muryango utegamiye kuri Leta, bityo akaba yarashoboye kurinda umuryango we, ndetse abona inzira ijyera i Londres mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CR">https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza/Content?oid=58806676</ref> <ref name="Liberation">https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2015/01/19/dorothee-munyaneza-une-danseuse-de-haut-volt_1184051</ref> Munyaneza yize muri Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle . Mu gihe yigaga yahuye na Christine Sigwart washinze Jonas Foundation, umuryango utabara imbabare ugamije guhuza abana babimukira n'imiryango yabo. akunda umuziki, kuko yize umuziki muri Jonas Foundation. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="Point">http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/dorothee-munyaneza-choregraphe-chanteuse-et-rescapee-du-genocide-du-rwanda-07-07-2017-2141275_3.php#xtmc=dorothee-munyaneza&xtnp=1&xtcr=1</ref> Munyaneza yize umuziki n'ubumenyi mbonezamubano muri kaminuza ya Canterbury Christ . <ref name="CB">https://www.culturebot.org/2017/09/27508/refusing-to-bow-down-dorothee-munyaneza-speaks-about-unwanted/</ref> Ubu atuye i Marseille, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CB" /> kandi afite umwana w'umukobwa. <ref name="Liberation" /> == Umwuga == Munyaneza yatewe inkunga no gukora ku ngingo ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994 nyuma yo kubona ibyegeranyo kuri iyo ngingo, cyane cyane iyanditswe na Thierry Michel ivuga ku bikorwa bya Denis Mukwege . <ref name="FC">http://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/6181-dorothee-munyaneza-about-unwanted</ref> Munyaneza niwe wakoze amajwi ya firime ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' . Yatangiye ari umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'inkuru muri firime, ariko nyuma atangira kubyina muburyo busa nuburyo yabyinnye akiri umwana mu [[Rwanda]]. Yakoranye na François Verret [ fr ], Robyn Orlin, Rachid Ouramdane [ fr ], Nan Goldin, Mark Tompkins, Ko Murobushi na Alain Buffard [ fr ] <ref name="NYT" /> <ref name="RFI">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20161106-dorothee-munyaneza-rediffusion</ref> Nkumuririmbyi, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere wenyine muri 2010, yakozwe na Martin Russell . Muri 2012, yakoranye n'umwongereza James Seymour Brett gukora alubumu ''Earth Songs'' . <ref name="CB" /> Muri 2013, yagaragaye mu gitaramo cya Rachid Ouramdane i Rennes, mu Bufaransa. Mu gitaramo, yavuze amazina y'Abanyalijeriya bishwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Paris mu 1961 . <ref name="Liberation" /> Muri 2014, Munyaneza yakoze filimi ''Samedi Détente'' (kuruhuka kuwagatandatu). Yibanze kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], uburyo abantu 1000000 bapfuye mu minsi 100, <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/theater/review-samedi-detente-looks-back-at-the-horrors-of-rwanda.html?_r=0&module=inline</ref> n'ubunararibonye bwe kuri jenoside. <ref name="FT">https://www.ft.com/content/28e90f9a-de86-11e7-a0d4-0944c5f49e46</ref> Igikorwa cyatangiriye i Nîmes, mu [[Bufaransa]]. <ref>https://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/theatre/samedi-detente-une-piece-de-dorothee-munyaneza-pour-dire-le-genocide-rwandais-255527</ref> Muri 2017, yakoze ''Unwanted'', filimi ye ya kabiri ijyanye na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. Igikorwa cyagaragayemo Alain Mahé  <ref name="NYT" /> ''Unwanted'' ifite intego yibanze kubagore bafashwe kungufu nabana babo batwite. Munyaneza yerekanye ''Unwanted'' mu iserukiramuco rya d'Avignon 2017, <ref name="Monde">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/03/29/de-paris-a-kigali-l-art-fait-le-printemps_5102760_3212.html#zFI1V0CjwKwcGUCd.99</ref> <ref name="RFI2">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20170709-festival-avignon-2017-unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza</ref> <ref name="Liberation2">https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2017/07/13/dorothee-munyaneza-au-choeur-des-tenebres_1583699</ref> ndetse no muri Festival d'automne à Paris [ fr ] <ref name="FT" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] fwueyzmo914g7qr4hdhw379pdo50pj0 14 10215 82669 2022-05-01T05:53:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki Iki ni ikiciro kirimo abahanzi nyarwanda muri rusange qn63klorzs67xomv30lmf7aygejem60 0 10216 82670 2022-05-01T13:24:15Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKIGALI wikitext text/x-wiki == NYIRARUKUNDO XAVERA == === AMAVU N'AMAVUKO === Nyirarukundo Xavera ; ni umunyamakuru w'umwuga ukora kuri radio Rwanda (RBA). 3plc913u1c2wve8121zclzee46wbwo9 0 10217 82724 82671 2022-05-02T11:56:25Z Annick green 9913 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Sandrine MAZIYATEKE ni umunyarwandakazi wakuriye mu mahanga kubera amateka y' igihugu cye u Rwanda, aho yakuriye mu bubirigi ntamahirwe yagize yo kumenya u Rwanda kuko ababyeyi ntibabimwemereraga kandi bikamutera ipfunwe no kwi ishuri. byamusabye imbaraga aza gufata umwanzuro yiyemeza no kugaruka mu Rwanda, ndetse yiyemeza gufatanya nabandi kubaka igihugu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/u-rwanda-twifuza-amahoro-ngo-dukore-ibitureba-perezida-kagame</ref> === IMIRIMO YAKOZE === Sandrine MAZIYATEKE, kuwa 15 nyakanga 2020 nibwo yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru muri ministeri y' ububanyi n' amahanga mu Rwanda, akaba ashinzwe abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga. ikigihe yavuze ko u Rwanda rwubatse ibukungu nibindi kuburyo bugaragara bityo nawe abonye umwanya wo gutanga umusanzu we.<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Inama-y-Abaminisitiri-yemeje-abayobozi-bashya-muri-za-Minisiteri-n-ibigo</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === [[Dosiye:Sandrine uwimbabazi maziyateke minafet rwanda.jpg|thumb|Sandrine uwimbabazi MAZIYATEKE DG muri MINAFET]] <references /> ercpuv6pj88067ngkdsbqjublgucv0n 0 10218 82836 82674 2022-05-04T09:10:49Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Umuziranenge blandine]] to [[Umuziranenge Blandine]] wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubuzima bwite == Umuziranenge Blandine niwe washinze kandi akaba umuyobozi mukuru wa "[https://kosmotive.rw/ KOSMOTIVE]"<ref>https://amaniinstitute.org/profile/blandine-umuziranenge/</ref><ref>https://changemakerxchange.org/changemaker/blandine-umuziranenge/</ref>,uruganda rw'ibanda mu gukora ibikoresho by'abana.<ref>https://kosmotive.rw/</ref> Yavukiye kandi akurira muntara y'[https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/ amajyaruguru yu Rwanda].<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> ==== Ibyo yize naho yakoze ==== Umuziranenge Blandine akaba yarize ubucuruzi n'ikoranabuhanga muri [https://www.iprctumba.rp.ac.rw/ Tumba College of Technology] aho yakuye impamya bumenyi y'icyiciro cyambere cya kaminuza.<ref>https://www.iprctumba.rp.ac.rw/</ref> akomereza muri [https://www.mku.ac.ke/tag/mku-rwanda/ Mount Kenya University Rwanda] aha ahakura impamya bumenyi y'icyiciro cy'akabiri cy'akaminuza mu ikoranabuhanga.<ref>https://www.mku.ac.ke/tag/mku-rwanda/</ref> Kandi yagiye akora amahugurwa meshi atadukanye akabona impamya b'ushobozi zitandukanye nko mu ikoranabuhanga, mu kwihangira imirimo, mu gukora amafoto n'amafulime, no kwandika inkuru ndetse n'ibijyanye nimi nyamideli, agatsindira ibihembo bigiye bitandukanye.<ref>http://rbo.rw/youthconnektafrica/node/134</ref> Yaje kandi kwimenyereza umwuga kuri radiyo ya [https://tunein.com/radio/Contact-FM-897-s96922/ Contact fm],<ref>https://tunein.com/radio/Contact-FM-897-s96922/</ref> aza no gukora kuri [https://www.rba.co.rw/radio radio Rwanda (RBA)].<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/radio</ref> Bitewe n'ubunararibonye yari afite mubyo yize n'ibyo yakoze mu ikoranabuhanga yaje gushinga isosiyete ikora gahunda yerekana ubuzima by'umubyeyi utwite ndetse n'umwana atwite.<ref>https://amaniinstitute.org/profile/blandine-umuziranenge/</ref> Umuziranenge Blandine ubwo yari amaze kwiga amashuri makuru hano mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze y'igihugu, nyuma akaza kubona amahugurwa menshi kandi atandukanye, yahisemo kwikorera, aho yahisemo gukora ibikoresho by'isuku y'imihango ya bakobwa bizwi nka Cotex.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52920270</ref> ubu akaba atuye m'[https://kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=10 umugi wa Kigali].<ref>https://amaniinstitute.org/profile/blandine-umuziranenge/</ref> ==== Amashakiro ==== 6d7dpgc38hsqyc7g2lzr5p9aeoap65i 0 10220 82676 2022-05-01T21:49:42Z Lizadeborah03 9851 # wikigapKIGALI edit wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Michele wa menyekanye cyane mu mwuga w'itangazamakuru ndetse akaza no kugaragara mu bakobwa bahataniraga ikamba rya Miss Rwanda 2009, nubwo atabashije kurye gukana.<ref>ichele-iradukunda-nyuma-yo-gukora-ubukwe-yakiriye-indi-nkuru-nziza/</ref> michele yakoranye ubukwe na David Humud tariki 11na12 kanama 2017. michele nu mubyeyi wa bana babiri.<ref>ichele-iradukunda-nyuma-yo-gukora-ubukwe-yakiriye-indi-nkuru-nziza/</ref> == Ibihembo ya hataniye == Michele Iradukunda yiyamamarije kuba nyampinga w'u Rwanda mu mwaka 2009 azamuri batanu bambere.<ref>ichele-iradukunda-nyuma-yo-gukora-ubukwe-yakiriye-indi-nkuru-nziza//imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-michelle-iradukunda-yabyaye-undi-</ref> muri 2010 yonjyeye kujya mu marushanwa y'ubwiza y'iyamamariza kuba nyampinga w'iyahoze ari kaminuza y'u Rwanda[UNR] aza no kuba igisonga cya mbere.<ref>/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-michelle-iradukunda-yabyaye-undi-</ref> == Ibikorwa bye == Michele nu munyamakuru umaze kumenyekana cyane hano mu Rwanda , yagizwe umuyobozi wa magic FM ishami rya radio y'u Rwanda ry'ibanda ku myidagaduro. akora ibiganiro nka samedi detente,waramutse Rwanda na ishya ni biganiro bikunze kuri televizio y'u Rwanda. muri 2013 nibwo Iradukunda yinjiye mw'itangazamakuru ahereye kuri rodio y'a Isango star,arinaha yavuye yerekeza muri RBA.<ref>/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-wa-rba-michelle-iradukunda-yabyaye-undi-</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:WIKI Gap]] m6fztqrzhdrjtlnllgz7qhd6s365uvq 0 10221 82677 2022-05-01T23:05:45Z Divine2004 10613 # wikigapKIGALI edit wikitext text/x-wiki Nelly ni umukinnyi wa filime wabigize umwuga ,uzwi cyane kw'izina kecapu wa mamaye muri sinema nyarwanda nu mwe mubakomeje <ref>https://yegob.rw/kecapu-wo-muri-bamenya-yarakaye-cyane-yiyamye-abamwita-indaburya-abasore-ntibamuteretavideo/</ref> kwigaragaza no kwigarurira imitima y'abataribacye mu banyarwanda bakurikirana hafi ibya filime nyarwanda byumwihariko filime yuruhererekane ica kuri youtube izwi nka Bamenya series.<ref>umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ifoto-bivugwa-ko-nari-nambaye-ubusa-sinzi-uko-yagiye-hanze-kecapu-wo-muri</ref> == Amateka ye == kecapu benshi bamumenye muri Bamenya nyamara yatangiye gukina filime kuva mu mwaka 2012.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/kecapu-wo-muri-bamenya-mu-rukundo-n-umusore-bamaranye-imyaka-irenga10-amafoto</ref> yakinnye muri filime zitandukanye,lshyamba,nkuba,Bihemu,Naheza hisi,Bamenya nizindi nyinshi. muri filime zose yakinnye iyitwa nkuba niyo yamuhinduriye amateka ndetse akaba akaba ari nimwe muzo yishimira ko yakinnyemo kuberako yakinanye na Ngenzi warugezweho cyane muri icyo gihe.<ref>https://yegob.rw/kecapu-wo-muri-bamenya-yarakaye-cyane-yiyamye-abamwita-indaburya-abasore-ntibamuteretavideo/</ref> == REBA == dze5pj88a1xcqgjr7z19s3izw9utknt 0 10222 82678 2022-05-02T00:18:28Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/09/umujyi-wa-kigali-umaze-imyaka-ibiri-mu.html Hon Uwineza Beline]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/09/umujyi-wa-kigali-umaze-imyaka-ibiri-mu.html</ref> ni visi perezida wa komisiyo ya PAC == Amagambo ya hidura sosiyete == Hon Uwineza Beline [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1jwWjnhZrc Mu kiganiro Kubaza bitera kumenya]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1jwWjnhZrc</ref> insaganyamatsiko yariga iti "Kwimaka ihame ry'uburinganire hakumirwa [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-women-parliamentary-leaders-pledge-fight-gbv amakimbirane mu muryango]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-women-parliamentary-leaders-pledge-fight-gbv</ref>" yaravuze ati " Burya Umugore ashobora kuba umutware w'urugo Kuko hari aho abagore bingejeje ubu" ahomeza abasobanurira Uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye mu rwanda. == Amahugurwa y'itabiriye == Hon Uwineza Beline Yitabiriye inama mu mwaka 2021 yari igamije kuganira ku mwaka Ibiri (2) Umunjyi Wa Kigali wari Umaze mu [https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/09/umujyi-wa-kigali-umaze-imyaka-ibiri-mu.html nzubacyuho]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/09/umujyi-wa-kigali-umaze-imyaka-ibiri-mu.html</ref>Kandi yanitabiriye Inama yari yahuje [https://www.rba.co.rw/post/FFRP-isanga-ubufatanye-bwinzego-ari-bwo-bwarandura-igwingira-mu-bana Ihuriro FFRP]<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/FFRP-isanga-ubufatanye-bwinzego-ari-bwo-bwarandura-igwingira-mu-bana</ref> Aho bari bari kwiga ku kibazo Cyigira giti "FFRP isanga ubufatanye bw'inzego ari bwo bwarandura igwingira mu bana" Aho Hon Uwineza Beline yagarutse kuri zimwe mu nzitizi zitiza umurindi icyo kibazo aho yagize ati " Ihuriro FFRP ku gusesgura iyubahirizwa ry'iri hame ry'uburinganire zirmo kutagabana imirimo y'abagize umuryango hagati y'ababyeyi bombi bigaragara cyane nko mu cyaro, aho umugore agira imvune z'imirimo yo mu rugo cyane cyane kwita ku bana bikamubera inzitizi zituma adashobora kwita ku bindi bikorwa byo kwita ku muryango we, byongeye kandi nk'uko byagaragaye mu bushakashatsi imiryango yo mu cyaro n'imiryango ibayeho mu bukene bukabije niyo ikibonekamo ikibazo cy'igwingira ry'abana ku gipimo kiri hejuru". == Reba aha == ahst5s593zoygxmyqa6ozcxn3nevmnb 0 10223 83107 82728 2022-05-07T14:45:29Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki numwe mu bagore bazwi mu Rwanda kubera uruhare agira mu kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, akaba ari n’umuyobozi w’Umuryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane (Transparency International-Rwanda)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-ingabire-marie-immaculee-ugize-imyaka-58-ataradefiriza-video</ref> [[Dosiye:Marie Immaculée Ingabire. jpg.jpg|thumb]] == Amavu n'Amavuko == Mu mwaka wa 1961 nibwo Ingabire Marie Immaculée yabonye izuba, icyo gihe umuryango we wari utuye mu [[Uburundi]] ari naho bari barahungiye, kuvukira ishyanga no gukurira mu buzima bwa gihunzi byatumye adahabwa uburenganzira yari akwiriye bimuremamo ishyaka ryo kumva yanze akarengane kuko yakuze akabamo ndetse anagakorerwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ubuzima-bushaririye-bwa-ingabire</ref>Umwe mu bagore bazwi mu [[Rwanda]] kubera uruhare agira mu kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, akaba ari n’umuyobozi w’Umuryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane (Transparency International-[[Rwanda]]),<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-ingabire-marie-immaculee-ugize-imyaka-58-ataradefiriza-video</ref> == Ibyamuranze == Ingabire Marie Immaculée yize amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye mu [[Uburundi]], akomereza Kaminuza muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ari naho yavuye mu mwaka wa 2001 ataha mu Rwanda,<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ubuzima-bushaririye-bwa-ingabire</ref> yakoze muri ORINFOR igihe kirekire,akora mubitangazamakuru byandika bitandukanye, yakoze muri Profemmes Twese Hamwe, IBUKA n'indi miryango y'abagore itegamiye kuri Leta. == Ibindi wamenya == Uyu mubyeyi w’abana batanu[harimo abe bwite yabyaye n’abo yafashe yemera kubabera umubyeyi] yaboneyeho gusaba abakibyiruka gukoresha neza amahirwe bafite bitaba ibyo Imana ikazabibaryoza,<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ubuzima-bushaririye-bwa-ingabire</ref> yaragize ati gukura witwa impunzi biragatsindwa kuko bituma ubaho ubuzima utishimiye kandi uziko naho uri atari igihugu cyawe, igihe cyose twamaze mu buhunzi nababajwe nuko ntigeze mpabwa amahirwe nk’abandi bana ngo nige ibyo nshaka ahubwo bakampitiramo kuko nitwaga impunzi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa-ingabire-marie-immaculee-ugize-imyaka-58-ataradefiriza-video</ref> == Ibindi wasoma == <references /> mrhi9zlxr9d0f58kslgmw1pzyjv1ly0 0 10224 82688 82687 2022-05-02T06:20:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Collette Ngarambe Mukandemezo == == Ubuzima bwite == Collette Ngarambe Mukandemezo wavute taliki 21/Gashyantare/1969 avukira indera mu karere ka Gasabo, uvuka mumuryango w'bana batandatu abahungu batatu n'abakobwa batatu akaba ariwe bucura. Collette wakuze ashaka kuzaba umuganga ariko inzozi zikarangira abaye umunyamakurukazi ukunzwe nabenshii mubiganiro akoro.'''kuva 1998''' Avugako yahagaritse gukina inkinamico kubera ubutumwa yahawe gukina munkinamico bikamushengura umutima."''nasabwe gukina ndumugore wumwicanyi Aho Yari kwica umukwe we ngo atazarongora umukobwa we ijambo ryatumye adakina iyo nkinamico "IYABA YARAGAHITANYE " niryo jambo ryamukoze kumutima ahita ahagarika gukina kuva icyo gihe kugeza nubu.''<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97915/mukandemezo-yavuze-uko-yazinutswe-gukina-ikinamico-bitewe-nibyo-yasabwe-97915.html</ref> == Urugendo == Collette Ngarambe Mukandemezo Yamenyekanye cyane munkinamico zacaga kuri radiyo Rwanda nyuma ya Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Aho yatangiye atanga ubufasha mwikina Mico birangira abikoze bihoraho. Mu 1982 Collette Ngarambe Mukandemezo Ari mubafashe amabonekerwa y'ikibeho muburyo bwo kubika amateka"nabikoze ntaziko ar'itangaza makuru nfite imyaka cumi numwe nafashe radiyo gasete nigaga mu mwaka wakane wamashuri abanza jya ikibeho gufata amabonekerwa kugirango tuzabike amateka nabikoze ntaziko ar'itangaza makuru.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/video-ikiganiro-na-collette-mukandemezo-umaze-imyaka-23-kuri-radio-rwanda</ref> == Aho yakoze == Yakoze mwisomero rya kaminuza ibutare. Ministering yitangazamakuru ubu akaba Ari RBA <references /> c4mqvfe111hzrxrq1jr6fr7npjtfkf3 0 10225 83501 82689 2022-05-14T04:57:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amata Inès Giramata''' (yavutse 29 Mutarama 1996), ni umusizi [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]], impirimbanyi y'uburenganzira bwa muntu cyane cyane umutegarugori. <ref name="1R">https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Inside-the-feminist-circle-of-amata-giramata/434746-5246882-pkk1e0z/index.html</ref> Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa ''Sistah Circle'', "umuryango ugizwe n’abagore uharanira icyateza imbere umwali w'umwirabura. <ref name="1R" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/211799</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Giramata yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku ya 29 [[Mutarama]] 1996. Niwe mfura mu muryango. Yize mu ''ishuri rya La Colombiere'' mu mashuri abanza. Nyuma yimukiye muri [[Uganda]], yinjira ''mu ishuri rya St. Mary's College Kitende,'', mu Karere ka Wakiso . Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye muri ''Green Hills Academy'', i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]], muri Gicurasi 2013. nyuma y'uwo mwaka, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya DePauw, muri leta ya Indiana yo muri [[Amerika]]. <ref name="1R" /><ref>https://fr.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=28063</ref> Muri 2017, yarangije muri kaminuza ya DePauw afite impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu na politiki, uburinganire,n’ubushakashatsi bw’imyororokere. Kuva muri [[Kanama]] 2019, Giramata akurikirana impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu Buringanire n'Ubushakashatsi bw'Abagore muri kaminuza ya Arizona muri [[Amerika]]<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/inside-the-feminist-circle-of-giramata-1425614</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/kabera-eric-yakoze-filime-yagenewe-kwibuka25</ref>. == Umwuga == Nubwo yari akiri muto, Giramata yibonye mu ruhame kuva mu 2014, afite imyaka 18 ubwo yakoraga igitaramo cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya ''20 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi'' mu 1994 i Washington DC, muri [[Amerika]] ndetse no ku munsi wa ''20 wo kwibohora'' kuri [[Stade Amahoro|Amahoro Stade]], i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]], muri 2014<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/inside-the-feminist-circle-of-giramata-1425614</ref>. Yakinnye kandi ku ''munsi w’u Rwanda (Rwanda Day)2015'' muri Atlanta, Jeworujiya muri [[Amerika]]. Ku ya 4 [[Nyakanga]] 2019, niwe wabaye uwambere mu kuvuga ijambo mu birori byo ''kwizihiza umunsi wa 25 wo kwibohora'' kuri [[Stade Amahoro]], i [[Kigali]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/sistah-circle-collective-creating-just-and-safe-space-women</ref><ref name="2R">https://allafrica.com/stories/201904070020.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] cghu3bvmd1yqey9itiqenxydthamzl1 0 10226 83503 83153 2022-05-14T05:08:10Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne-Marie Kantengwa''' yavutse 1953 i Jabana [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . ni umucuruzi kandi yahoze ahagarariye [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR) mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] .<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/kantengwa-yahawe-igihembo-mpuzamahanga-ku-bwo-guteza-imbere-hotel-chez-lando</ref> <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200807100160.html</ref> Anne Marie nmuyobozi mukuru wa Hoteli Chez Lando ifite icyicaro i Remera, Anne-Marie Kantengwa<ref>https://igihe.com/politiki/article/mushikiwabo-yatangiye-urugendo-rumuganisha-ku-buyobozi-bwa-oif</ref>, == Ibihembo == yegukanye igihembo cya 2021 cyo guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore bitewe n’uruhare runini yagize nk'umuyobozi wa hoteri mu myaka makumyabiri n'itanu ishize. Yahebwe n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu ku bagore (IEEW), igihembo gishimangira abagore babaye igipimo cy'impinduka muri sosiyete zabo.Yatoranijwe ku isi yose kubera ubuyobozi bwe muri hoteri no kuvugurura no kunoza ibintu nyuma yuko hoteri yari imaze gusenywa burundu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/chez-lando-kantengwa-scoops-global-economic-prize</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Anne Marie Kantengwa ni umwe mu barokotse [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]], <ref name="auto">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref> Muri Jenoside yabuze ababyeyi, umugabo, abavandimwe ndetse n'abana. <ref name="auto" /> == Amakuru ya Chez Lando == Iyi hoteri ifite inyenyeri enye, yubatswe na murumuna we Landouard Ndasingwa, bakunze kwita Lando, wishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref> == Inama == Umuntu wese warokotse agomba kumenya ko hari impamvu yatumye asigara inyuma. Niba dukunda kandi twubaha abo dukunda twabuze, noneho ni inshingano zacu kubatwarira ibendera ku isi <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref>arongera ati :Mubushake bw'Imana abakoze icyaha bose hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa mubyaha, iki nicyo gihe cyo kumenya ko guhakana itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi bitazaba igisubizo kuko nibindi bihugu nka [[Kanada]] bitagishobora kureka abantu nkabo babaho kubutaka bwabo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/chez-lando-kantengwa-scoops-global-economic-prize</ref><ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/rw/Louise_Mushikiwabo</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 5ooznpq1tollarukk5urfdp9qgojss6 0 10227 82694 82693 2022-05-02T06:45:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali added created article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miss Jojo''', wavutse yitwa '''Josiane Uwineza''', uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''Iman Uwineza''', ni umuririmbyi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]] uririmba R&amp;amp;B . <ref name="woman">https://archive.today/20130815054840/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14923&a=50957</ref> Umuziki we uhuza R&amp;amp;B nibintu bya muzika gakondo y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="Muslim">https://archive.today/20130815054840/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15162&a=60170</ref> === Imyaka yo hambere === Uwineza yavukiye mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] mu [[Rwanda]] muri 1983, yishimiye kuririmba no kubyina akiri umwana kandi ababyeyi be bamushishikarije guteza imbere impano ye<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/82008/miss-jojo-yibarutse-umukobwa-82008.html</ref>. === Umwuga wa muzika === Uwineza yatangije umwuga we wo kuririmba nyuma yo kwegukana igihembo cya Rector Excellence Award 2007 mu cyiciro cya "Best Female Artiste" muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], aho yarangirizaga impamyabumenyi ihanitse mururimi rw'icyongereza. Miss Jojo yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Genesis'', umwaka 2008. <ref name="Muslim" /> Ibyo byakurikiwe no kumurika alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Woman'', muri 2012. Album ye ya nyuma iteza imbere insanganyamatsiko yo kongerera ubushobozi abagore. Akoresha kandi amagambo ye mu gukangurira urubyiruko ububi bw’ibiyobyabwenge na virusi itera [[SIDA]] kandi yashishikarizaga abanyarwanda kugira uruhare mu bikorwa by’iterambere ry’igihugu no guhitamo neza ejo hazaza habo. Afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibikorwa by'ubutabazi<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-19655160</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Mu 2007, yinjiye mu idini rya Islamu ku mugaragaro maze ahindura izina rya Josiane yiyita Iman. Izi mpinduka zashimishije abanyamakuru b'ibitangazamakuru bavuga ko uyu muhanzikazi yahindutse kugira ngo ashimishe umukunzi we ndetse na producer icyo gihe, gusa Uwineza arabihakana<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/miss-jojo-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/saleh-wakundanye-igihe-kinini-na-miss-jojo-yarushinze-amafoto</ref>. == Ibihembo == ** 2012: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2011: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2010: Best Female artist (salax) ** 2010: Best female artist (ijoro ry'urukundo) ** 2010: Song of the year Siwezi Enda (ijoro ry'urukundo) ** 2009: Pam award (Pearl of Africa Music Award) Best Rwandan female artist ** 2009: Best female artist (salax) ** 2008: Pam award (Pearl of Africa Music Award) Best Rwandan female artist == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] l7s39wpodiwteci606l9sl0vdi4nrf5 0 10228 82738 82695 2022-05-02T17:45:39Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mbabazi Fiona ni umunyamakuru w'umunyarwanda kazi wakoze akazi k'itangazamakuru imwaka 18 yose, akora kuri RBA .<ref>https://sidw.org/fiona-mbabazi</ref><ref>https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-mbabazi/</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === 0s5ec6463isu3w6lm4b6kd7b94v1umt 0 10229 82832 82697 2022-05-04T09:09:30Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Neza (singer)]] to [[Neza Patricia Masozera]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neza''' '''Patricia Masozera''' ,(yavutse 23 Ukuboza 1984) azwi cyane ku izina rya '''Neza'''<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-neza-agiye-guhurira-mu-gitaramo-kimwe-nabahanzi-wizkid-ndetse-na-patoranking/</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/mcg-empires-first-international-act-neza-has-released-a-new-video-for-my-baby-feat-mc-galaxy/</ref>, ni umuhanzikazi [[Kanada|w'umunyakanada]] ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="newtimes1">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201181</ref> <ref name="neza mtvbase feature">http://www.mtvbase.com/news/rwandan-sensation-neza-signs-with-nigerian-mcg-empire/7btzwc</ref> <ref name="artsglo">https://www.artsglo.com/2017/12/07/interesting-facts-you-need-to-know-about-musician-neza/</ref> <ref>https://www.naijamusic.com.ng/skales-and-neza-officially-a-couple-they-both-shared-loved-up-photo-on-instagram/</ref> <ref>https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/neza-my-baby-ft-mc-galaxy-video-id5213727.html</ref> Muri 2017, yahawe igihembo cya '"Most Promising Artist in Africa" na All Africa Music Awards . <ref>https://www.afrima.org/blog/afrima-2017-winners-list/</ref> == Kera == Neza Yabuze se akiri muto arerwa na nyina wapfakaye. Kubera inzara mu gihugu cyamavuko muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], umuryango wimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1995. Nyuma yimyaka itatu, umuryango wimukiye i Toronto, muri [[Kanada]] biturutse ku cyifuzo cya mushiki we cyo kumuha ubuzima bwiza kandi butekanye. <ref name="tribuneonlineng">https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/90179/</ref> == Umwuga == Neza yatangiye [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] mu ntangiriro za 2000, Muri 2010, Neza yasohoye EP 7 yiswe 'Brand New', yagaragayemo indirimbo 'Go Gettaz'. Indirimbo yagaragaye kandi kuri mixtape ya DJ Charlie Brown 'Brown Billz - R&B Edition'. Amashusho ye remix ya 'Pop That' ya French Montana yasohotse muri [[Nzeri]] 2012,yanyuze kuri tereviziyo y'igihugu mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2017, Neza yimukiye i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]], maze asinyana n'umuririmbyi wo muri [[Nijeriya]], Mc Galaxy amasezerano yo gukorana mu muziki, MCG Empire. <ref name="thenetng">http://thenet.ng/mc-galaxy-signs-rwandan-singer-neza/</ref> <ref name="mtvbase">http://www.mtvbase.com/news/Rwandan-sensation-Neza-serves-us-with-Vibe-ft-MC-Galaxy/q66ypp</ref> <ref name="newtimes">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/224979</ref> Neza yasohoye indirimbo eshatu (Uranyica, Shaba & Vibe) munsi iyo label. <ref name="notjustok">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/skales-releases-mr-love-album/</ref> <ref name="pmnewsnigeria">https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/04/03/neza-releases-shaba/</ref> Yagaragaye kandi kuri Album ya Skales umuhanzi wo muri [[Nigeriya]] mu ndirimbo ebyiri "Gbe" na "Good Life <ref name="thecable">https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/skales-releases-mr-love-album/</ref> <ref name="liveloaded">https://liveloaded.com/2018/07/20/music-skales-good-life-ft-neza/</ref> <ref name="naijatoxic">https://naijatoxic.com.ng/skales-ft-neza-gbe/</ref> === indirimbo yasohoye === ** My Baby ft MC Galaxy <ref name="deezer2">{{cite web|url=https://www.deezer.com/en/album/13442015|title=Neza: My Baby (feat. MC Galaxy) - Music Streaming - Listen on Deezer|website=deezer.com|accessdate=13 November 2018}}</ref> ** Shabba ** Vibe ft MC Galaxy <ref name="notjustok22">{{cite web|url=https://notjustok.com/song/neza-ft-mc-galaxy-vibe/|title=Neza ft. MC Galaxy - Vibe - Latest Naija Nigerian Music, Songs &amp; Video|website=notjustok.com|accessdate=13 November 2018}}</ref> ** Slay Mama <ref name="nigeriansounds2">{{cite web|url=http://nigeriansounds.com/2017/10/audio-neza-slay-mama/|author=Run Run Sure|title=Audio:- Neza – Slay Mama|website=NigerianSounds.com|accessdate=13 November 2018}}</ref> ** Only God Knows<ref name="youtube2">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LMbbUm6d6gM|title=Only God Knows by Neza Official Music Video &#91;IKNShow&#93; HD|website=YouTube|accessdate=13 November 2018}}</ref> * === collabo === ** Deejay Pius - "Tempramido" feat. Mc Galaxy & Neza ** MC Galaxy – "Snapchat" feat. Neza, Kelly Pyle & Musicman TY ** MC Galaxy ft Neza - Jacurb Dance == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] 596o16xb0y4t89fyyg4zli6fia32qwa 0 10230 83491 82700 2022-05-14T04:15:42Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esther Mbabazi''' ni umupiloti w’indege z’ubucuruzi wabigize umwuga mu [[Rwanda]], igihugu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|kigize Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] . Niwe mutegarugori wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] wemejwe ko ari umupiloti w'indege. Yerekeza mu RwandAir, kompanyi y'indege y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="TheG">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/15/rwanda-first-female-pilot</ref> <ref name="TheC">http://www.cnn.com/2014/06/17/world/africa/rwandas-first-female-pilot-esther-mbabazi/</ref> <ref name="TheK">http://www.konnectafrica.net/esther-mbabazi/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] ahagana mu 1988, ku babyeyi [[Rwanda|b'Abanyarwanda]]. Se na nyina ni abapasitori b'ububyutse. Igihe Esther yari afite imyaka igera ku munani, ise yapfuye azize impanuka y'indege muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] <ref>https://www.one.org/africa/blog/meet-esther-the-first-female-commercial-pilot-in-rwanda/</ref>. Uyu muryango wasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1996. Yitoje mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’indege za gisivili muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba muri [[Uganda]][[Ubugande|,]] mbere yuko RwandAir imutera inkunga yo gukomeza imyitozo i Miami, muri Floride . <ref name="TheG" /><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77614</ref> == Umwuga == Esther Mbabazi arangije amasomo ye muri [[Amerika]], yahawe akazi na RwandAir kugira ngo ajye atwara Boeing 737 na kuri CRJ900, guhera mu 2012, ubwo yari afite imyaka 24<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/pilote-esther-mbabazi-n-umucuranzi-wa-beauty-for-ashes-bakoreye-ubukwe-ku</ref><ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2019/rwandas-first-female-pilot-esther-mbabazi-reflects-on-her-experience-in-the-cockpit/</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abapiloti]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] lfq8u1lxrxkq7uykxrg4cal0b5md48b 14 10231 82699 2022-05-02T07:31:01Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro kirimo abantu batwara, bakanakora indege ogpas23lng80rxap5jk68fu4ngdjpdv 0 10233 82704 82703 2022-05-02T07:58:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali added created article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Thérèse Mukamulisa''' (wavutse ku ya 29 Kamena 1965) ni umunyamategeko w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] ukora mu rukiko nyafurika rurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n'abaturage mu 2016<ref>https://fr.igihe.com/rwanda-des-departs-et-des-entrees-a-la-cour.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Mukamulisa yavukiye i [[Kigali]] ku ya 29 Kamena 1965. <ref name="bio">http://judiciary.gov.rw/about-us/supreme_court_justices/justice_mukamulisa_marie_therese.html</ref> <ref name="profile">http://en.african-court.org/index.php/judges/current-judges</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (1990) n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Moncton i New Brunswick, muri [[Kanada]] (1993). <ref name="bio" /> <ref name="profile" /> Afite Masters mu bushakashatsi bwa Jenoside no kuyikumira yakuye mukigo gishinzwe gucunga amakimbirane muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> == Umwuga == Mukamulisa yari umucungamari n'umubitsi mu mushinga wo gukora iperereza ku buhinzi n'imibare. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwishingizi bw'imodoka muri Sonarwa hamwe n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umuryango utegamiye kuri leta CCOAIB. Mukamulisa yari umwe mu bakomiseri cumi na babiri bateguye Itegeko Nshinga ry'u Rwanda nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]], kandi yabaye umwarimu mu mategeko muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> Mukamulisa yagizwe umucamanza w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu Rwanda mu 2003. Yavuze ku ngorane abagore bahura nazo mu nzego z’ubutabera, cyane cyane ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana no gufata ku ngufu, bitewe n’umuco n’uburinganire. <ref>http://wfwmarketingimages.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/files/RWpaper.pdf</ref> Muri 2015, yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama Nkuru y'Ubucamanza y'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni n'umwe mu bagize ihuriro mpuzamahanga rya International Hague Network of Judges. Mukamulisa yatorewe manda y'imyaka itandatu mu rukiko nyafurika rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe na Ntyam Mengue muri Nyakanga 2016. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203317</ref> <ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukamulisa-agiye-kurahirira-kuba-umucamanza-mu-rukiko-rw-uburenganzira-bwa</ref> Ishyirwaho rye ryanenzwe kubera icyemezo cy’u [[Rwanda]] cyo kuva mu kwemerera abantu n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta kujuririra mu rukiko, ndetse no kuba Mukamulisa yagize uruhare mu itsinda ry’abacamanza bakatiye umunyapolitiki utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, wajuririye urukiko rwa [[Afurika]]. <ref>http://l-hora.org/?p=1276&lang=ca</ref> <ref>http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/03/14/rwanda-withdraws-access-to-african-court-for-individuals-and-ngos/</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114135/http://www.therwandan.com/blog/the-rwandan-state-has-boycotted-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-in-case-no-0032014-which-opposes-it-to-ms-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza-president-of-the-fdu-inkingi/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] ppbicx0bxhdanoo6qr7bu7w9u9kguc9 14 10234 82705 2022-05-02T08:04:28Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro kirimo amategeko,abanyamategeko ndetse nibijyanye nayo 46ekz4f5xiw705vpb7nxt63p6umhw6i 0 10235 82707 82706 2022-05-02T08:27:08Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali added created article wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudette Mukasakindi''' (yavutse 25 Ukuboza 1982 i Nyarugenge ) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ni umukinnyi ukora amasiganwa wiruka intera ndende . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120723000720/http://www.london2012.com/athlete/mukasakindi-claudette-1091094/</ref> Yarushanwe muri marato mu mikino Olempike ya 2012, aza ku mwanya wa 101 akoresha amasaha 2:51:07. <ref>https://archive.today/20121205100448/www.london2012.com/athletics/event/women-marathon/index.html?v=20120806-055117400</ref> Mu mikino ya Commonwealth 2014, yarangije ku mwanya wa 11 muri metero 10000 mu bagore. <ref>http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/athletics/1035212/claudette_mukasakindi.html</ref> Yahataniraga u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino Olempike ya 2016 muri marato y'abagore. Yabaye uwa 126 hamwe nigihe cya 3: 05.57. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160826085412/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athletics-standings-at-womens-marathon</ref> Yabaye uwatwaye ibendera ry'u [[Rwanda]] mu birori byo gusoza. <ref>https://www.olympic.org/news/the-flagbearers-for-the-rio-2016-closing-ceremony</ref> == Umwuga == Mukasakindi yagize umwaka mwiza muri 2012, atwara Cagliari Marathon muri Gicurasi, hamwe nigihe cyiza cya 2:40:18. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-05-08/52571/</ref> Iyi mikorere yari mu gihe cyasabwaga na IAAF kugira ngo ijye mu majonjora y'imikino Olempike ya 2012, ariko icyifuzo cya Mukasakindi cyo kwitabira iyo mikino cyabanje kwangwa kubera ko ibirori bya Cagliari bitari irushanwa ryujuje ibyangombwa. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-05-17/52915/</ref> Mu kurangiza ariko, yemerewe kwiruka, arangiza ku mwanya wa 101 mubirori, hamwe nigihe cya 2:51:07. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/2012/athletes/f4cbd665-1449-4db8-b941-d90a68871237</ref> Mu mikino Olempike ya 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]], Mukasakindi yongeye kwitabira marato y'abagore, umwe mu Banyarwanda barindwi bahatanira iyo mikino. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160927213022/https://www.rio2016.com/en/rwanda</ref> Yizeraga ko azanoza imikorere ye i Londres, kandi yamaze igihe kinini yitegura muri [[Kenya]] no mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], ndetse no mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-08-14/202583/</ref> Nubwo aya mahugurwa, imikorere ye muri ibyo birori yari mibi. Mukasakindi yarangije ku mwanya wa 126 muri iryo siganwa, avuye kuri133, anashyiraho igihe cya 3:05:57. <ref name="AnkleInjury">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-08-16/202639/</ref> Yavuze ko ibisubizo byatewe n’imvune yo mu kaguru yagize mu myitozo, hasigaye iminsi itatu ngo ibyo birori bitangire; ntabwo yari yarigeze atekereza ko ari ikibazo mbere yo gusiganwa, ariko akaguru katangiye kumutera ibibazo kuri 21 kilometres (13 mi) mu isiganwa, bikomera nyuma ya 25 kilometres (16 mi) . <ref name="AnkleInjury" /> Yakomeje kugeza isiganwa rirangiye, ariko yavuze ko imvune ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru yamuteye kwitwara nabi. <ref name="AnkleInjury" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] 5es1i0bgmrogpvs54jyv80fvzno6eeg 0 10236 82709 82708 2022-05-02T09:06:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mukankuranga Marie Jeanne dusazwe tuzi ku mazina y'ubuhanzi "Mariya Yohana", ni umwe mu Banyarwanda bagize uruhare rukomeye mu rugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu cyu Rwanda, ndetse nawe ubwe akaba yari afite abana bagiye ku rugamba ny'irizina guhera mu ntangiriro za (1987 kugeza nyakanga 1990 ubwo ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi z'ahagarikana Genocide yakorerwaga Abatutsi z'ikanabohora u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/amateka-ya-mukankuranga-marie-jeanne-mariya-yohana-wamamaye-mu-ndirimbo-intsinzi</ref> === UBUZIMA BWITE === Mukankuranga Marie Jeanne uzwi nka Mariya Yohana yavukiye mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo ubu ni karere ka Ngoma, ubu ni mu intara y'uburasirazuba, yavutse mu 1943 ubu afite imwaka 79, aho yaje no kwitwa umuhanuzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90819/mariya-yohani-si-umuhanzi-gusa-ahubwo-ni-numuhanuzi-mu-gitaramo-inkotanyi-ni-ubuzima-mariy-90819.html</ref> ==== IBYO YAKOZE ==== Uyu Mariya Yohani ku izina ry'ubuhanzi, ni umwe mu bahanzi nyarwanda b'indirimbo gakondo ufite ijwi ry'umwimerere, mu myaka myinshi amaze ku isi akaba yarakoze ibikorwa byinshi by'indashyikirwa byagiriye igihugu akamaro haba mu buhanzi n'ubuvanganzo asigasira umuco, kurerera igihugu biciye mu bigo by'amashuri yanyuzemo yigisha akaba ari n'umwe mu batanze umusanzu mu kubohora igihugu aho yaje guhimba indirimbo yakuzwe n'abenshi yitwa Intsinzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/52077/mariya-yohana-agiye-kwizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-70-amaze-ku-isi-52077.html</ref> <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/impamvu-yateye-mariya-yohana</ref> ==== AHO WA BIREBERA ==== e8m14as0vbczi2c9d7qw6w0pmurbb2q 0 10237 83633 82711 2022-05-17T13:41:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni kamwe mu tugize [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepho]] ashyira [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|uburasirazuba]],imirenge 15, utugali 72,imidugudu 556, ubucucike 282, duhereye ku ibarura rusange riheruka ry'abaturage ni 479624. [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] ni akarere karimo gutera imbere cyane kuko utagatandukanye n'uturere tw'imigi cyane ko kari mu birometero 15 by'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://www.bugesera.gov.rw/</ref> === GUTERA IBITI === Abagize inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Bugesera]] ndetse n'abaturage bo mu midugudu itadukanye cyane cyane biganjemo umudugudu wa Gisenyi mu kagali ka Mwendo mu Murenge wa Gashora ibiti bivangwa n'imyaka.Bateye ibiti byo mu bwoko bwa Kariyandara na Gereveliya bibarirwa mu bihumbi bitatu kuri Hegitari ebyiri.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> Ni muri gahunda ya buri mwaka Akarere kiyemeje yo gutera ibiti hagamijwe kongera ubuso buteyeho ibiti, muri uyu mwaka bakaba bariyemeje gutera ibiti kuri Hegitari zirenga 80.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> ==== ABITABIRIYE ==== Ubwo abagize '''Inama Njyanama''' y'akarere baje kwifatanya n''''abaturage''' nkuko basanzwe bifatanya, umuyobozi w'inama Njyanama yagize ati"Twateye ibiti mu rwego rwo gukangurira abaturage kumenya ko ibiti ari ingirakamaro ku muntu wese, atari uwo bibereye mu isambu gusa, kandi ko buri wese afite inshingano zo kubibungabunga kugirango bikure" Abaturage nabo bishimiye ibyo biti baterewe mu mirima bivangwa n'imyaka.uwitwa Nyiransabimana Esther utuye mu Mudugudu wa Gisenyi ati " Twishimiye ko ibi biti bitangiza imyaka, bikazajya bihabwa amatungo, bikarwanya n'isuri." Undi muturage witwa Nyirakamana Chantal yavuze ko ibyo biti bazabyitaho, bakirinda kubyangiza igihe bahinga kuko bizeye ko batazabangiriza imyaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/Bugesera-Njyanama-y-Akarere-yafatanyije-n-abaturage-gutera-ibiti-bivangwa-n-imyaka</ref> ===== AMASHAKIRO ===== iognl5u7nf0yvhtc34sx1a9fa2c0ypf 0 10238 82714 82713 2022-05-02T10:51:10Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Foggy-sunrise-rwanda.ngsversion.1474048474112.adapt.1900.1.jpg|thumb|Rwanda ]] U Rwanda ruherereye mu turere dushyuha (uburebure: 1 ° 51'S - 2 ° 51'S n'uburebure bwa 28 ° 52'E - 30 ° 55'E).N'ubwo u Rwanda ruherereye mu turere dushyuha, u Rwanda rufite ikirere gike bitewe n'uburebure bwacyo. Igice cyo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba ni imisozi n'ibirunga bifite ubutumburuke burenga 2000m.<ref>https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=30&L=1</ref> Uburebure bugabanuka bugana mu kibaya cyo hagati (1500 - 2000m) cy'u Rwanda hanyuma ukerekeza mu kibaya cy'iburasirazuba ugana ku mupaka na Tanzaniya (munsi ya 1500m). Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe ku Rwanda ni 20 ° C kandi biratandukanye na topografiya.<ref>https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=30&L=1</ref> === Ubushyuhe (Temperature ) === Ubushyuhe buri mwaka mu Rwanda buboneka mu burasirazuba buke (20 - 21 ° C) no mu kibaya cya Bugarama (23 - 24 ° C), n'ubushyuhe bukonje ahantu hirengeye mu kibaya cyo hagati (17.5 - 19 ° C) no mu misozi miremire ( munsi ya 17 ° C). Ubushyuhe buratandukanye cyane mumwaka.<ref>https://www.meteorwanda.gov.rw/index.php?id=30&L=1</ref> === Imvura (Rainfall) === [[Dosiye:Rwanda rainfall forecast.png|thumb|Rainfall forecast ]] U Rwanda rufite imiterere ya bimodal yimvura, itwarwa ahanini niterambere ryakarere ka Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). ITCZ ikurikira iterambere ryizuba ryumwaka uko rijya mu cyi cyamajyaruguru iyo izuba ryambutse ekwateri ahagana ku ya 21 Werurwe, nizuba ryamajyepfo ahagana 23 Nzeri buri mwaka<ref>https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/rwanda/climate-data-historical</ref>. Referances <references /> [[Ikiciro:Climate change]] no3rh36vo273pji7umcondynfjy7a70 14 10239 82715 2022-05-02T10:51:36Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Imihindagurikire yikirere" wikitext text/x-wiki Imihindagurikire yikirere d6pbm5zkchd90fmj7kem6vcb46pet74 0 10240 82716 2022-05-02T11:15:35Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Created page with "Igishanga cya kanyonyomba giherereye iburasirazuba icy'igishanga [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iburasirazuba-ikiraro-cya-kanyonyomba-cyari-cyarangijwe-n-ibiza-cyongeye-gukora gikora ku turere tubiri dutadukanye]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iburasirazuba-ikiraro-cya-kanyonyomba-cyari-cyarangijwe-n-ibiza-cyongeye-gukora</ref> aritwo Akarere ka Bugesera na ka Ngoma." wikitext text/x-wiki Igishanga cya kanyonyomba giherereye iburasirazuba icy'igishanga [https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iburasirazuba-ikiraro-cya-kanyonyomba-cyari-cyarangijwe-n-ibiza-cyongeye-gukora gikora ku turere tubiri dutadukanye]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iburasirazuba-ikiraro-cya-kanyonyomba-cyari-cyarangijwe-n-ibiza-cyongeye-gukora</ref> aritwo Akarere ka Bugesera na ka Ngoma. ni6g7wae4dxiopqe8l7lvomnufrt52t 0 10241 82726 82717 2022-05-02T12:28:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == MUKANYIRIGIRA JUDITH == '''Mukanyirigira Judith''' Ni umwana muto (bucura) iwabo mu bana icyenda, yarashatse abyara umwana umwe w'umukobwa, aho yavukiye mu murenge wa Burega mu Karere ka Rurindo ubu ni mu intara y'amajyaruguru ahahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kigali, avuka mu 1973. === IBYO YIZE. === Aho avuka n'inaho yize amashuri abanza mu bihe bitari byoroshye aza kuyasoreza mu murenge wa Buyoga. nubwo byakomeje kumugora muri icyo gihe kujya ku mashuri yisumbuye, akirangiza umwaka wa munani yakoze ikizamini cya Leta mu 1988 kiramutsinda ntiyacika intege ajya gusibira, ari nabwo yahise atsinda ajya mu ishuri yisumbuye mu ishuri Mbonezamubano ku Karubanda ari ryo Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence y'ubu.<ref>http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=3071&art=Meya%20wa%20Rulindo%20Mukanyirigira%20Judit.html</ref> MURI genocide yakorewe Abatutsi 1994 yigaga mu mwaka wa gatanu w'ayisumbuye, biba ngombwa ko amashuri asubikwa, muri 1995 ajya kuyasubukura muri iryo shuri ayarangiza 1996. muri 2003 abona ko ubwo bumenyi budahagije ajya gukomereza amashuri ya Kaminuza muri cyahoze ari KIST. Nyuma leta yaje gutanga Buruse ku basoje manda, nuko akomereza amasomo muri management icya hoze ari SFB, aho yahinduye ava muri sisiteme y'igifaransa ajya mu cyongereza.Muri 2008 yaje kubona buruse muri Oklahoma Christian University yiga ibijyanye na Project Management ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== eo78tyzv1z87rc0zsp1e2u7buc51l7j 0 10242 83082 82772 2022-05-07T09:06:54Z CommonsDelinker 88 Removing [[:c:File:Pregnancy_2.jpg|Pregnancy_2.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Gbawden|Gbawden]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Pregnancy 2.jpg|]]. wikitext text/x-wiki Gutwita kwabangavu bikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri sosiyete Nyarwanda == Imva n'imvano ku bana b’abanyeshuri batewe inda mu gihe cya ‘guma mu rugo == BBC yaganiriye na bamwe mubabyeyi bafite abana Bahuye nikikibazo cyo kubyara Inda zizateganyijwe ,Bavugako Abana b'abo Batewe inde mugiye cyaguma murugo igihe Covid _19 yadukaka mumwaka 2019 bityo rero Bibaviramo kureka amashuri<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gicumbi-abarezi-barasabwa-kurwanya-inda-z-indaro-mu-rubyiruko</ref> Ministeri y’uburezi mu Rwanda Yobanuye neza ko abakobwa benshi bahagaritse amashuri yabo nyuma yo gutwara inda zitateganyijwe ariko ntibivuze ko ibashyigikiye kuva Mwishuri ihora ibashishikariza gusubira mu ishuri n’ubwo baba bamaze kubyara.Ni ikibazo kimaze gufata intera ndende mu Rwanda. Imibare itangwa n’impuzamashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ( CLADHO ) yerekana ko buri mwaka byibuze abangavu ibihumbi cumi na bitanu baterwa inda zitateganyijwe. Turavugana na bo mu muryango wa CLADHO.<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020318806</ref> Abantu abasaga ibihumbi 4,452 bafashwe batangira gukurikiranwaho icyo cyaha Cyo guhotera abangavu barimutsi yimyaka 18 hagati aho urwego rw’ubugenzacyaha mu Rwanda RIB rwavugaga ko mu mwaka ushize wa 2020 abantu abasaga .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-55961413</ref> '''''Referance''''' <references /> [[Ikiciro:Gutwita kwabangavu Mu Rwanda]] akyiby13otyapr48oeheb8gi3rx9vsg 14 10243 82721 2022-05-02T11:32:09Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Gutwara inda urumwangavu" wikitext text/x-wiki Gutwara inda urumwangavu 83owajhrtaziy8i2bvtzdzos16c6f5u 0 10244 82723 2022-05-02T11:45:46Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 Created page with "Igishanga Cya Masaka [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho giherereye]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho</ref> mu karere ka Kicukiro. Iki gishanga kigiye gutunganywamo [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho ikiyaga cyo kuruhukiramo]<ref>https://igihe..." wikitext text/x-wiki Igishanga Cya Masaka [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho giherereye]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho</ref> mu karere ka Kicukiro. Iki gishanga kigiye gutunganywamo [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho ikiyaga cyo kuruhukiramo]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igishanga-cya-masaka-kigiye-gutunganywamo-ikiyaga-cyo-kuruhukiraho</ref> == Reba aha == 9b1rjyz14vf2a4ndpxuc8da28vk206a 0 10245 82725 2022-05-02T12:27:57Z Annick green 9913 #Wikiforhumanright wikitext text/x-wiki Igishanga cya Rugezi n' icyanya gikomye kikaba indiri y' urusobe rw' ibinyabuzima ndetse n' icumbi ry' inyamanswa nki; inyoni z' imisambi n' incencebere ndetse nizindi zinyuranye, kikaba gifitiye akamaro abagituriye n' igihugu muri rusange. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-irasaba-abaturiye-igishanga-cya-rugezi-kugifata-neza</ref><ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=6</ref> === AHO GIHEREREYE === Urugezi ni igishanga giherereye mu karere ka burere mu majyaruguru y' u Rwanda , gikikijwe n' imirenge ya butaro, rwerere, rusarabuye, kivuye, ruhunde na gatebe yo mu karere ka burera ndetse nindi ibiri yo mu karere ka gucumbi ariyo miyove na nyankenke.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/umutekano/imbere-mu-gihugu/article/burera-inkuba-yatumye-igishanga-cya-rugezi-gifatwa-n-inkongi-y-umuriro</ref> === AKAMARO === Urugezi nk' icyanya gikomye ni igicumbi cy' ubukerarugendo ndetse kikaba gicumbikiye inyini twavuga nk' imisambi nizindi, kandi nanone kikagira n' umugezi wa rugezi amazi yawo niyo atanga amashanyarazi ku rugomero rwa ntaruka ndetse akanisuka mu kiyaga cya Burera.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu-nyaburanga/article/burera-waba-uzi-ibanga-ry-ibiyaga</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === 77cgjq1zvb1i6wxs7i2ww0b9y6yr44o 0 10246 82843 82733 2022-05-04T09:18:00Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Rwanyindo kayirangwa fanfan]] to [[Rwanyindo Kayirangwa Fanfan]] wikitext text/x-wiki == Rwanyindo kayirangwa Fanfan umunya politike wumunya Rwandakazi wabaye minisitiri uyubora minisiteri yabakozi nu murimo mu [[Rwanda]] kuva taliki 31/ [[ukwakira]]/ 2017.<ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/fanfan-rwanyindo-kayirangwa</ref> == == Amashuri yize == Yabonye Kandi impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri afurika yepfo (Witwatersrand) mubijyanye na mategeko (master of laws). == Ubwene gihugu == Rwanyindo kayirangwa Fanfan yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] == Umurimo akora == Politiki Minisitiri wumuririmo na bakozi mu [[Rwanda]] == Aho yakoze hose == muri 2004 yakoraga murukiko rukuru rw'U[[Rwanda]]. Muri 2008 yajyiye gukora murukiko rwubucuruzi. Muri 2013 yatorewe umwanya wa perezida wungirije wurukiko rwubucuruzi m'u[[Rwanda]].  Taliki 31/ukwakira/2017 nibwo yahawe incingano zo kuba minisitiri wumuririmo na bakozi mu [[Rwanda]] Ari nayo Minisiteri ayobora kugeza ubu. 3ja07jhpj4cm6lyo5iujstqctwn743v 0 10247 83047 83046 2022-05-06T16:52:38Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbabazi Shadia''' wamamaye kwizina rya shadyboo ni umunyarwandakazi yavutse tariki 20 mata 1992, yakuriye mu [[Rwanda]], yarangije amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye<ref>http://mail.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/yujuje-imyaka-29-injira-mu-buzima-bwa-shaddy-boo-umugore-w-ikimero-gikurura</ref>. == ubuzima bwe bwite == Mbabazi Shadia ni umubyeyi w'abana babiri babakobwa yababyaranye na Meddy Saleh ukora akazi ko gutunganya amashusho babanje kubana nk'[[umugabo]] n'umugore ariko nyuma baza gutandukana ubu abana ni shadyboo ubarera. Shadyboo avugako akunda abana cyane, azwiho gukora ibikorwa byo gufasha abana nabakunzi be<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shaddyboo-yasangiye-n-abagezweho-ingaruka-na-coronavirus-mu-kwizihiza-isabukuru</ref>, ikindi nuko yatangaje ko akunda guteka. == imirimo akora == Shaddyboo ni umunyamiderikazi abikora nkakazi amurika imideri mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/shaddyboo-ari-mu-gihombo-gikomeye-kubera-gumamurugo</ref>, yamamaye cyane mugukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mugusakaza amashusho n'amafoto ye bituma akundwa nabatari bacye<ref>https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=search&recherche=Shaddy%20Boo</ref>. Shaddyboo azwi mu bikorwa byo kwamamaza aho yamamariza amasosete agiye atandukanye aba yamuhaye akazi. Shaddyboo ni umushoramari, akaba akora kuri [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|Radio]] ya AOP, aherutse gutwara agahigo ko kuba [[umugore]] wambere ukunzwe cyane kurubuga rwa instagram aho yujuje miliyoni yabamukurikirana kuri uru rubuga. atangaza ko impamvu akunzwe nibyamamare aruko akora akazi ke neza kandi akaba azi gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga neza<ref>https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=search&recherche=ShadyBoo</ref>. == References == 611jpjugpuvhdmf487fx1jsnep495dk 0 10248 83110 83063 2022-05-07T15:11:50Z Npimagesrwanda 10892 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KaritanyiJuliette.jpg|thumb]] '''Juliette KARITANYI "Director Of Communications at Health Development Initiative(HDI)"''' Juliette Karitanyi yavutse taliki 31 ukuboza, n'inzobere mu itumanaho ry'ubuzima aharanira uburenganzira bw''''abagore''' akaba n'umuvugizi uharanira guteza imbere uburinganire, yatangiye ibikorwa bye byo kuvugira abagore ubwo yatangiza ikiganiro kuri Radio imwe mu '''Rwanda''' bita '''Hot FM''' nkumunyamakuru wabigize umwuga muri 2015, akabazwi cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyane kurubuga bita '''Twitter''' akabakoresha izina '''@jujuLabelle''' kuri runo rubuga rwa '''Twitter''' akaba yaragiye agaragara mukuvugira abari n'abategarugori by'umwihariko yamenyekanye ubwo we bandi baharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore bamaganaga ko igitaramo cy'umuhanzi Uzwi kw'izina rya Koffi Olomide yateganyaga gukorera igitaramo mu Rwanda . Inzobere mw'itumanaho ryubuzima akaba afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga irindwi,Juliette katitanyi numuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwumugore&promoter.Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse y'ubuhanzi mu itumanaho rusange,impamyabumenyi mukwamamaza kuri interineti, n'icyemezo mu bujyanama bwa Lay. Nkumuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho,ashinzwe gushyikira ishyirwa mubikorwa ryingamba zo gutumanaho kwa HDI,nibicuruzwa byitumanaho kugirango iterambere rya '''HDI ribe'''. Yizera guhangana & guhindura nimbonezamubano& umuco kubiteza imbere uburinganire.[https://hdirwanda.org/team/juliette-karitanyi/] cupdjulrc74zb8o9xxesbt4ng7wniuv 0 10249 83301 83065 2022-05-10T17:18:36Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nsanga Sylvie Ashinzwe gahunda z’ikoranabuhanga mu Kigo RISA == Ubuzima == Sylvie Yakuriye mumiryango yabakurambere,yakuze akunda kurwanya akarengane kuva akiri muto yiyumvagamwo ko azaharangira uburenganzira bw'abagore n'bijyanye nuburinganire.[https://www.paper-crown.org/meet-the-team#:~:text=Sylvie%20Nsanga%20is%20a%20social,with%20the%20Government%20of%20Rwanda.] Sylvie Nsanga umaze kumenyekana nkumwe mubaharanira ko abari n'abategarugori bagira ijambo ringana niry'abagabo.avugako har'imico imwe nimwe ikomeza gusubiza inyuma igitsina gore harimwo nk'inkwano,avugako we ubwe ajya gushyingirwa yanze gukobwa ndetse avugako azakomeza kubyamagana.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/prosecution-publishes-names-sex-offenders</ref> == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:FOwiwOkXMAEhYNg.jpg|thumb]] Sylvie Nsanga numwe Mubagore baharanira ubutabera n'imibereho myiza y'abagore bafite iishaka ryo kumenya ICT mu iterambere ndetse n'uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 13 muri politiki n'ingamba.kuri ubu akora akazi ko kuba inzobere mu bijyanye n'ikorabuhanga muri leta y'u [[Rwanda]].Ashishikajwe no guhanga udushya kandi akubiyemo ibintu byose byugarije sosiyete. Sylvie yamenye umuhamagaro we ninshingano nyinshi yari afite zo guharanira ubutabera.<ref>https://www.paper-crown.org/meet-the-team</ref> Mu myaka 25 ishize, yakoreye mu miryango itandukanye iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu guteza imbere uburenganzira bw'umugore no kugera ku butabera. Byongeye kandi, yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu by’urubyiruko mu gihugu cye kandi yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru w’inama nkuru y’urubyiruko mu Rwanda (2005-2010).<ref>https://www.paper-crown.org/meet-the-team</ref> Syvie Yubatse [[Uburinganire mu Rwanda|uburinganire]], uburenganzira bwumugore nubutabera bwa digitale intego yubuzima bwe. Ubushakashatsi bwe n'ubuvugizi bwe bihuza ICT n'ubutabera mbonezamubano hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rikwirakwizwa. Kuri ubu arimo gukora imishinga ishimishije yo guteza imbere ubwisanzure bwa digitale y'abana n'abagore, umutekano no kubaka ikirenge cyabo. Sylvie afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryahoze ari Kigali Institute of Science and Technology ndetse n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu iterambere rirambye ry’iterambere rya kaminuza ya Brandeis.<ref>https://www.paper-crown.org/meet-the-team</ref> == Icyo Nsanga Avuga Kwihohoterwarishingiye kugitsina == Sylvie Nsanga uharanira imibereho myiza y'abaturage yavuze ko ko abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina bagiye hanze nta bwoba kuko bari bazi ko ntawe ushobora kubamenya, ariko kwiyandikisha bizabashyirwa ahagaragara.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/prosecution-publishes-names-sex-offenders</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 3sql6a9h1464iidz4yajgvnsagg8cbo 0 10250 82741 82740 2022-05-02T18:54:27Z Npimagesrwanda 10892 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clementine Nyirarukundo''' yakoranye na paper crown kuva muri 2014 kandi numutoza mubijyanye no kwigisha imibanire myiza nuburinganire mu ikinyarwanda ni cyongereza,kimwe no mubijyanye nubushakashatsi bufite ireme. Clementine kandi numwe mu bagize itsinda ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ry'abagore baharanira uburinganire bw'umugore mu Rwanda. [[Dosiye:Clementine+website+pic+2.jpg|thumb]] p0p57anmf58g3tqdkezuffsbmd7ciry 0 10251 82743 2022-05-02T19:48:40Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mukeshimana Assoumpta ni umunyamakuru w'umugore ukora mu ishami rya sport kuri RadioTV1 Rwanda,<ref>https://tunein.com/radio/Radio1-Rwanda-911-s274564/</ref> akaba amaze imyaka igera kuri 7 akora ako kazi, aho yize itangazamakuru ndetse agakora mugisata cy'imikino ntamuntu umuha ayo mahirwe gusawe yumva yabishobora.<ref>https://iribanews.rw/2020/03/08/mukeshimana-umunyamakuru-wumugore-ukora-mu-ishami-rya-sport-ati-numvaga-nanjye-nabishobora/</ref> Ni umubyeyi akaba n'umufana wa Manchester United yo mubwongereza.<ref>https://inkanga.com/urutonde-rurerure-rwabanyamakuru-bimikino-mu-rwanda-namakipe-bafana/</ref> '''AMASHAKIRO''' hixx1ee51rzs3zs4jzn7d4c9yphhuqo 0 10252 82744 2022-05-02T20:58:32Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mugemana Yvonne''' uzwi ku izina rya '''QUEEN CHA''' muri muzika nyarwanda,uririmba indirimbo mu njyana ya RnB na Afrobeat, mu ndirimbo zitandukanye kandi zikunzwe na benshi cyane cyane urubyiruko.<ref>http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == Queen Cha amazina ye nyakuri ni MUGEMANA YVONNE, akaba umukobwa w'imyaka 31 y'amavuko. kuko yavutse tariki 5 kamena 1991. avuka mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]], mu [[akarere ka Muhanga]] kuri ubu akaba abarizwa i [[Nyamirambo]] mu [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> ==== IBYO YIZE ==== Queen Cha amashuri ye abanza yayize mu ishuri ESCAF(Ecole de Science Anglais Francais), yiga icyiciro rusange muri GSNDL (Groupe Scolaire Notre Dame de lourdes) Byimana, maze ayisumbuye ayasoreza mu rwunge rw'amashuri yisumbuye rw'i Butare. QUEEN CHA yarangije amashuri ya kaminuza mu mwaka wa 2014, muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] mu ishami ry 'ibinyabuzima ( Biologie).<ref>http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> ===== IBIJYANYE NA MUZIKA ===== Queen Cha yatangiye kuririmba ajya muri muzika mu mpera z'umwka wa 2011, abifashijwemo na Riderman. Indirimbo ya mbere yasohoye ni iyitwa "uranyura" ndetse na "Windekura" ari nazo zatumye atangira kumenyekana, akomeza no gukora izindi ndirimbo zirimo nka ''''Umwe Rukumbi'''" '''Njye Ndagukunda''', '''icyaha ndacyemera''', '''kizimyamoto''', '''Iwawe''', '''queenof queens''' yakoranye na '''Washington''' wo muri gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]].<ref>http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2846</ref> akaba yari muri the Mane.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-ikihishe-inyuma-ku-isezera-rya-queen-cha-na-marina-muri-the-mane</ref>Akaba yarateganyaga gukorana na Producer Element.<ref>https://inkanga.com/queen-cha-yavuze-producer-wa-mbere-wumuhanga-mu-rwanda/</ref> ===== AMASHAKIRO ===== lc1e1s6w3z8rrzp498jde2c9abtxoeo 0 10253 83027 83024 2022-05-06T14:03:53Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali correction orthographe wikitext text/x-wiki Kaitesi Usta ni umuyobozi w'urwego rw'igihugu rw'imiyoborere (RGB) mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0">https://www.rgb.rw/1/about-rgb/senior-manager</ref> == Amashuri yize == Kaitesi Usta afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mategeko yakuyi muri kaminuza ya Utrecht mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholande]], afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mubijyanye n'amategeko yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ottawa muri [[Kanada]], afite n'impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu mategeko yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y'u Rwanda.]]<ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Kaitesi Usta yabaye umwarimu muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda i Huye, yabaye umuyobozi wa koleji y'ubugeni n'ubumenyi rusange , yabaye umwe mu bakomiseri barindwi bari bagize Komisiyo Ishinzwe gufasha Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/hashyizweho-abayobozi-bakuru-bashya-muri-rgb-na-rbc</ref> == Amashakiro == k91xntz4wxwz8ecozimj7nlgla6z0di 0 10254 82748 2022-05-02T22:47:25Z Annick green 9913 #Wikiforhumanright wikitext text/x-wiki Umunsi w' igiti mu Rwanda ni umunsi ngaruka mwaka wizihizwa hibandwa ku kamaro k' igiti mu mibereho ya muntu kandi ukaba n' umunsi washyizweho n' umuryango wabibumbye (UN) <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Amavo namavuko === uyumunsi w' igiti watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda hambere abanyarwanda bakawizihiza batera ibiti n' amashyamba ndetse hakabaho n' ibiganiro bisibanura akamaro k' amashyamba mu mibereho y' umuntu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Ibyakozwen' uRwanda kuri uwo munsi === U Rwanda kuva rwatangira kwizihiza uwo munsi w' igiti mu Rwanda hakomejwe guterwa ibiti n' amashyamba, akenshi mu miganda ihuza abaturage kandi ukabona ko basobanukiwe n' akamaro k' amashyamba ndetse n' uburenganzira bwabo mu mibanire n' ibidukikije. mu mwaka wa 2019 kuwa 24 ukwakira nibwo umuryango w' abibumbye wifatanyije n' abanyarwanda mukwizihiza uyu minsi kandi hari mu muganda wo gutera igiti mu karere ka Kamonyi, aho umuyobozi w' umuryango w' abibumbye mu Rwanda Fode ndiayeyateye igiti kandi agashimira guverinoma y' u Rwanda ubushake n' umuhate ishyira mu gutera no kubungabungo ibiti n' amashyamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/govrw/11148884746</ref> === Akamaro k' igiti mu mibereho y' umuntu. === igiti n' ingirakamaro cyane, n' isoko y' umwuka duhumeka , isoko y' imvura ndetse igiti cyifashishwa mu mirimo yaburimunsi umuntu akora abanyarwanda ibi barabisobanukiwe nkuko mu mwaka wa 2015 byagarutsweho na minisitire w' umutungokamere BIRUTA Vicentt aho yari yasuye akanifatanya nabatuye akarere ka gatsibo kumunsi w' igiti. aha abaturage bagaragaje ko igiti gikwiye kubungabungwa kandi nababyangiza bagomba gufatirwa ingamba zo kubakebura kuko igiti n' inyungu rusange.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Minisitiri-Biruta-yibukije-abaturage-akamaro-k-igiti</ref> === Amashakiro === et2vwvjrfvzpgxmcv3by6agd54d810n 0 10256 82750 2022-05-03T01:23:17Z Mannedyvambool 10903 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Mapuche Machis.jpg|thumb]] '''Abamapuche''' ni abanyagihugu b’[[Shili]] n'[[Arijantine]] [[Dosiye:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of the Mapuches]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Shili]]" wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mapuche Machis.jpg|thumb]] '''Abamapuche''' ni abanyagihugu b’[[Shili]] n'[[Arijantine]] [[Dosiye:Flag of the Mapuches.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Flag of the Mapuches]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Shili]] ohe9pmd6pmf1a6ociabmcp7yeh140td 0 10258 83055 83009 2022-05-06T17:31:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Ariane Uwamahoro umunyamakurukazi ukunzwe na benshi mu biganiro akora bya siporo kuri radiyo na televiziyo zitandukanye. == Amavuka == Ariane Uwamahoro w'imyaka 29 wavukiye ku Mumena,i Nyamirambo mu karere ka Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali <ref><nowiki>http://ninyampinga.com/en/sections/english-translation-of-amakuru-yabo/english-translation-of-umwuga-nkunda/</nowiki></ref> == Umwuga == Ariane Uwamahoro yatangiye itangazamakuru mu mwaka wa 2009 atangira uwo mwuga kuri radiyo Mariya [[Rwanda]] mu 2010 Ariane Uwamahoro nibwo yatangiye kwibanda ku makuru y'imikino. Aho yaje kuva kuri radiyo Mariya [[Rwanda]] akajya kuri radiyo Huguka, ahava ajya gukora mu kigo k'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/umunyamakuru-ariane-uwamahoro-yasezeranye-n-umukunzi-we-imbere-y-amategeko</ref>. Ariane Uwamahoro umunyamakurukazi ukora itangazamakuru kandi wanaryize muri ishuri rikuru gaturika rya Kabgayi riherereye mu [[akarere ka Muhanga]] ([https://uck.ac.rw/ ICK]) aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu itangazamakuru.<ref><nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</nowiki></ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.linkedin.com/in/ariane-uwamahoro-911625171/?originalSubdomain=ca</ref> Ariane kandi yakomereje kwiga ibijyanye n'itangazamakuru mu gihugu cya kanada ( [https://www.acfas.ca/media/3191?gclid=CjwKCAjwjtOTBhAvEiwASG4bCIHv9n0FyGx0NV5QtdlyDE_wG6zVhBdBh26SNRkDJwsjMuirJP5FPBoCIU0QAvD_BwE Univerisité Laval] ) aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu itangazamakuru ryambukiranya imipaka ( international journalism ).<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Ariane Uwamahoro yasezeranye n'umukunzi Bananeza Raymond kuwa 2 Mata 2022 basezerana kubana nk'umugabo n'umugore akaramata. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/ariane-uwamahoro-wa-rba-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko</ref> == Amashakiro == s23tayll6habd72ryntic2xsyvbeab2 0 10259 83380 82967 2022-05-12T12:49:51Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Immacule Illibagiza 2007.jpg|thumb|Immaculée Ilibagiza ]] '''Immaculée Ilibagiza''' (wavutse 1972) mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="BIO">http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/immaculee-ilibagiza</ref> ni umunyarwandakazi wamamaye mu kwandika ibitabo. == Ubuzima bwite == Immaculée Ilibagiza yize ibijyanye n’ubuhanga mu bya elegitoroniki n’ubukanishi hanyuma ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri na kaminuza ya Saint John (New York) <ref name="HH">http://www.hayhouse.com/left-to-tell-7?/fund</ref> .Ni umwanditsi akaba n'umuvugizi w'amahoro, kwizera n'imbabazi <ref name="HMS">http://www.humanitysteam.fr/IMMACULEE-ILIBAGIZA_a295.html</ref>Igitabo cye cya mbere, ''Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust'' (2006) (yacyanditse mugifaransa : Igitangaza [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|.]] [[1994|_]] Aguma yihishe iminsi 91, hamwe n’abandi bagore barindwi, mu bwiherero buto, yihishe mu cyumba cyihishe mu kabati mu nzu y’umushumba w’umuhutu Nzabahimana <ref name="TNYT">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E0DA1F30F935A25757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=2&sq=immaculee&st=cse</ref> . Mu gihe cya jenoside, benshi mu bagize umuryango wa Immaculée Ilibagiza bishwe [[Interahamwe|n’interahamwe]] . : nyina, ise na barumuna be Damascene na Vianney. We na murumuna we Aimable ni bo barokotse bonyine. : Aimable yigaga muri [[Senegali]] kandi ntabwo yari azi ko genocide ikomeje. Mu gitabo cye, Immaculée Ilibagiza asobanura uburyo imyizerere ye Gatolika yamuyoboye mu ngorane. Asangiye imbabazi n'impuhwe abicanyi bo mumuryango we.Agaragara kumurongo wa tereviziyo ya rubanda muri gahunda ya Wayne Dyer ariko nanone Ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2006 muri gahunda Iminota 60 (reba Ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2007 ) <ref name="CBS">http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan-genocide-survivor-recalls-horror/</ref> .Immaculée Ilibagiza atanga ubuhamya ku isi yose kandi ahabwa igihembo cya Mahatma Gandhi kubera Ubwiyunge n'Amahoro mu 2007. Kugira ngo ahunge jenoside, yimukiye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] mu 1994 maze aba umunyamerika ufite ubwenegihugu muri 2013 <ref name="HUFF">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/18/happy-photos-2013_n_4427777.html?1387728258&</ref> . Immaculate Ilibagiza yashakanye na Bryan Black, Umunyamerika ukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku byaha by’intambara mu Rwanda. Bryan ni Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe umutekano ku cyicaro cya Loni <ref name="TNYT2">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E0DA1F30F935A25757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=2&sq=immaculee&st=cse</ref> Akora nk'umufasha muri gahunda y’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye <ref name="TNYT2" /> i [[New York]] maze ashinga umusingi ( ''Immaculee's Health Mission'' ) wo gufasha abana b’imfubyi n’abazize intambara <ref name="AFRI">http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=18895</ref> . Iki kigega cyakusanyije arenga 200 000  y’impfubyi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="TNYT2" /> == Imirimo == * ''Igitangaza : kuvumbura Imana mu mutima wa jenoside yo mu Rwanda'', hamwe na Steve Erwin, [[nasomye]], 2006 * ''Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho : bivuye ku mutima wa Afurika, Marie avugana n'isi yose'', hamwe na Steeve Erwin, Escalquens, [[Varennes (Quebec)|Varennes]], 2010 * ''Kuva Mubiteye ubwoba Kubabarira : ubuhamya bw'uwarokotse mu Rwanda'', [[Inyandiko za Artege|Artège]], 2010 * ''Uruzinduko ruva mwijuru'', 2010 * ''Umuhungu wahuye na Yesu: Segatashya Emmanuel wa Kibeho'', hamwe na Steeve Erwin, 2012 * ''Rozari: Isengesho ryarokoye ubuzima bwanjye'', hamwe na Steve Erwin, 2014 == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] ghpc2rskmx0n6vwyfevef4q5ow4tuiq 0 10260 83571 83026 2022-05-14T18:30:21Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosemary Museminali''' (wavutse 1962) ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate wo mu [[Rwanda]], kuri ubu akaba akora muri gahunda ihuriweho n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ishinzwe kurwanya [[Virusi itera SIDA/SIDA|virusi itera SIDA]] (UNAIDS), nk'uyihagarariye mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika ndetse na komisiyo ishinzwe ubukungu muri Loni muri [[Afurika]]. Museminali azwi cyane ku ruhare rwe nka [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisitiri]] w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’Ubutwererane kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2009. Yabaye kandi umunyamabanga wa [[Leta]] w’ubutwererane n’[[igihugu]] ndetse anaba ambasaderi mu Bwongereza<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/40301</ref>. == ubuzima bwe bwo hambere == Rosemary Museminali yavutse mu 1962 muri [[Uganda]], avuka kubabyeyi ba banyarwanda bari barahungiye muri [[uganda]], bahunze [[igihugu]] nyuma y’Impinduramatwara yo mu [[Rwanda]] yo mu 1959, aho wasangaga hashyirwaho repubulika yiganjemo Abahutu benshi, yatotezaga abatutsi. Museminali yarakuze arangiza amashuri ye muri Uganda, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mibereho n'imiyoborere yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere mu 1986. Mu gihe Museminali yari akiri muri [[Uganda]], yakoraga nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe imiyoborere ya [[Nyanza]] Textile Industries Limited. Mu mwaka wi 1990, ingabo za RPF Inkotanyi ziyobowe na [[Paul Kagame]], na we wabaye impunzi muri [[Uganda]], zitangiza urugamba rwo kubohora [[igihugu]] rwamaze imyaka ine rwarangiye muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yo mu 1994, aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni (1.000.000) bishwe. [[Genocide]] yarangiye igihe ingabo za RPF Inkotanyi zirangajwe imbere na [[paul Kagame]] zafataga igihugu cyose, bigatuma ibihumbi by'abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro, harimo na Museminali, basubira mu gihugu cyabo. == Imirimo ye muri politiki na diplomasi == Amaze kugera mu [[Rwanda]], Museminali yatangiye gukora muri [[Minisiteri]] y’[[Imibereho Myiza y'Abaturage]], afasha impunzi gusubira mu gihugu no kugerageza guhuza imiryango yatatanye kubera jenoside. Yagumye muri minisiteri imyaka itanu, mbere yo kwimukira ku kazi ko kuba umunyamabanga mukuru wa [[Croix Rouge]] yo mu [[Rwanda]], imirimo yamazeho igihe gito. Mu 2000, Museminali yagizwe ambasaderi wu [[Rwanda]] mu Bwongereza, harimo n'indi mirimo yo kuba ambasaderi muri [[Repubulika]] ya Irilande no mu bihugu bya Scandinaviya<ref>"Tracking Rwanda liberation icons who fell off the limelight". ''The East African''</ref>. Yagumye kuri uyu mwanya, ufite icyicaro i Londres, mu gihe cy'imyaka itanu. Agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2005, Museminali yashyizwe na [[Perezida Paul Kagame]] ku mwanya wa minisitiri wungirije muri [[Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga]] (MINAFFET), ushinzwe ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Muri Werurwe 2008 yazamuwe mu ntera agirwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, muri rusange muri minisiteri. Mu gihe yari minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, yashyize imbere kubungabunga amahoro n’umutekano wu Rwanda, ndetse no guharanira kubaka amahoro ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Yagenzuye imirimo y'uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu butumwa bw’umuryango w’abibumbye n'umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika mukugarura amahoro i Darfur. Yakoze kandi ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo ateze imbere ubukungu bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ukuboza 2009, Perezida Kagame yahagaritse Museminali kuri iyo mirimo, amusimbuza Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru [[Louise Mushikiwabo]] mu ivugurura ryabayobozi muri guverinoma. Museminali ntiyahawe undi mwanya muri guverinoma.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary_Museminali</ref> Nyuma yigihe gito avuye muri guverinoma, Museminali yimukiye i [[Addis Abeba]] kugira ngo akore muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe kurwanya [[SIDA]] (UNAIDS), nk’uhagarariye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ndetse na komisiyo y’ubukungu y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe [[Afurika]]. Aguma muri uru ruhare guhera mu 2016<ref>Rosemary Museminali, Representative to the AU and UNECA, UNAIDS". ''UNAIDS''. Retrieved 19 October 2016.</ref>. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] r47m3sw9t6lasacjnbl06t4xjno1z8y 0 10261 82873 82760 2022-05-04T14:14:38Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Waste management and biodiversity]] to [[Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima]] wikitext text/x-wiki == Kurinda imyanda no Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima == Mu [[Rwanda]], gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose cyangwa ikimera bikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Kugira ngo utunge inyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa se kubunza, kugurisha, kugurana no gucuruza inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, bibanza gusabirwa uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa n’urwego rufite ubukerarugendo mu nshingano zarwo. Naho imyanda iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane ituruka mu bitaro, mu bigo nderabuzima no mu mavuriro, mu bigo by’ubushakashatsi bikoresha za laboratwari, mu nganda n’indi myanda yose yateza impanuka cyangwa yahumanya, igomba gukusanywa, gutunganywa no guhindurwa ku buryo bidahumanya ibidukikije hagamijwe gukumira, kuvanaho cyangwa kugabanya ingaruka mbi zayo ku buzima bw’abantu, umutungo kamere n’ibidukikije. == Amakuru ku kubungabunga ibinyabuzima ni imyanda == Umuyobozi w’Ishami rya [[CNRU]] rishinzwe Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo, Ingénieur Dominique Mvunabandi avuga ko ahandi ku isi Urubyiruko rwamaze kubaka ihuriro rikorana na Leta z’ibihugu byabo, imiryango itari iya Leta n’abikorera, mu rwego rwo gucunga ibyanya bikomye, agasaba urubyiruko rw’u [[Rwanda]] kubigiraho.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abiga-muri-kaminuza-basabwe-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-mu-byanya-bikomye</ref> CNRU ivuga ko ibyanya bikomye mu [[Rwanda]] ari ubuturo bw’inyamaswa zitandukanye harimo ingagi n’inguge ziri mu nzira zo gukendera ku isi.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/abiga-muri-kaminuza-basabwe-kubungabunga-urusobe-rw-ibinyabuzima-mu-byanya-bikomye</ref>Umukozi ushinzwe Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’Ibidukikije [Basel convention on Transboundary movement of chemical and hazardous waste],yavuzeko imyanda izanwa mu [[Rwanda]] hagendewe kumasezerano yashyizweho umukono mu 1989 atangira gushyirwa mubikorwa 1992.<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/rema-yaburiye-abinjiza-imyanda-mu-gihugu-binyuranyije-n-amategeko</ref> == A ho wasanga ayandi makuru == sipgbhbczawj8vda08u8ubg1n1c2cnm 0 10262 82960 82762 2022-05-05T21:43:26Z Germain92 9488 wikitext text/x-wiki Isabelle Sarah Kabano ni umunyarwandazi wavukiye mugihugu cy'abaturanyi cyi [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mu mujyi wa [[Bujumbura]] kuko ari ababyeyi be bari batuye mubuhungiro akaba ari umukinnyi wa filimi ndetse numnyamakuru wa [[Rwanda|Radio Rwanda]] ndetse na Radio 10 == Isabelle sarah Kabano == ni umunyamakuru wa [[Rwanda|Radio Rwanda]] na Radio 10 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2000 yamamaye cyane muri filimi yagiye agiramo uruhare Rutandukanye nko gukina nibindi.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/07/14/isabelle-kabano-le-rwanda-a-fleur-de-peau_6088271_3212.html</ref> Kabano yavutse mu mwaka wi 1974 avukira mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aho ababyeyi be bari bari mubuhungiro nyuma yaho baje kwimukira i [[Kinshasa]] muri <ref>https://www.lanuitrwandaise.org/isabelle-kabano-le-rwanda-a-fleur,15899.html?lang=fr</ref> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo.]] gusa naho ntago bahatinze kuko baje kwimukira mu mujyi wa [[Goma|Goma.]] == Amateka ni mibereho == Isabelle Kabano yakuze akunda ibintu bijyanye no gukina amakinamico kuko na papa we umubyara yari umukinnyi<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/couleurs-tropicales/20220421-semaine-sp%C3%A9ciale-rwanda-episode-3-avec-isabelle-kabano</ref> w'ikinamico numuyobozi w'ihuriro ryabakina ikinamico ndetse na Nyina umubyara wari umuririmbyi.nyuma y'urugamaba rutoroshye rwo Guhagarika [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] nibwo Kabano numuryango we bafashe icyemezo cyo kugaruka mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Kabano kandi yakomeje kwihugura ibijyane nogukina amakinamico mu cyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] == Imirimo ye == Kabano nyuma yo kuba umunyamakuru yaje kugirirwa ikizere cyo kuyobora ikinyamakuru cy'ikigo kigihugu RwandAir<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-kabano-speaks-out-her-first-international-award</ref> Isabelle Kabano yagize uruhare runini mu ma filimi atandukanye harimo nkiyo yakinnye yiswe PETIT PAYS nyuma yo gusoma igitabo cy'iyonkuru. cy'umwanditsi GAEL FAYE muri 2003 kandi nabwo yagarageye muri filimi bise SHAKE HANDS ya [[Kanada|RANDOM HOUSE CANADA]]. muri 2005 kandi yagaragaye muyindi filimi bise Iminsi mike muri Mata yakozwe n'Abanyamerica bavuga kumateka yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 nyuma yaho nkimyaka 2 agaragara kandi muri filimi bise Zone turquoise ndetse nizindi nyinshi zitandukanye. == Ibihembo == Kabano kandi yagiye atsindira ibihembo byinshi bitandukanye harimo nkicyo yatsindiye cy'umukinnyi mwiza muri <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2157503/</ref> film bise petit pays muri fesitivale [[Paris|francophone d'Agoulement i PARIS]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] kunshuro yayo ya 13 akaba ari [[Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga|iserukiramuco]] rya sinema ngarukamwaka ryibanda cyane mukumenyekanisha ama filimi y'igifaransa kuruta ayandi. kwisi mu bihugu bikoresha [[Igifaransa|ururimi rw'igifaransa.]]<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1026862/culture/petit-pays-isabelle-kabano-en-interpretant-yvonne-je-suis-devenue-folle/</ref> == Reba == 1iar9cshyctse9acgwiqx0t595gl97r 0 10263 82764 2022-05-03T13:21:56Z Annick green 9913 #Wikiforhumanright wikitext text/x-wiki Umuganda n' igikorwa cya abanyarwanda gikomoka mu migirire n' imigenzereze ya kinyarwanda aho gifite inkomoko ku migirire gakondo ku gikorwa cyitwaga "'''Umubyizi'''" aho abavandimwe , incuti n' umuryango bishyiraga hamwe bagamije gukorere umwe muribo igikorwa murwego rwo kumufasha kumpamvu zinyuranye abanyarwanda rero bafitira kuri iyo mugirire , muri 1962 batangiza umuganda ari ibikorwa byo gufasha igihugu mu iterambere.<ref>https://www.allaboutrwanda.com/umuganda.html</ref> === Amateka y' umuganda mu Rwanda === Umuganda watangiye gukorwa mu Rwana muri 1962 ari igikorwa ngaruka cyumweru cyakorwaga n' abanyarwanda bose bujuje imyaka y' ubukure murwego rwo gufasha igihugu. ndetse waje guhinduka gahunda ya leta muri 1974 ushyirwamo imbaraga gusa abanyarwanda bari batarasobanukirwa neza akamaro k' umuganda mbese bawufataga nk' ibikorwa by' agahato. muri 1994 ubwo habaga Genocide yakorewe abatutsi, umuganda wavuyeho wongeye gubizwaho muri 1998, uza mwisura nshya yo kubaka igihugu cyane ko cyari cyarasenyutse bigaraga, umuganda uba igikorwa ngaruka kwezi gihuriza abanyarwanda hamwe muri rusange bagamije kugira icyo bikorera munyungu rusange.<ref>https://www.allaboutrwanda.com/umuganda.html</ref> umuganda waje gushimangirwa kandi wemezwa nk' igikorwa cy' iterambere rusange ry' igihugu muri 2007, kuva ubwo ibikorwa by' umuganda byashyizwemo imbara ndetse ibyakozwe bikajya bibarwa mugacirofaranga kugirango abaturage basobanukirwe n' agaciro kibyo bakora.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/umuganda-returns-what-did-we-miss</ref> === Akamaro k' umuganda === mu Rwanda ubu hari byinshi bimaze kugerwaho mubyukuri bimwe muribyo ntibyari kugerwaho hatabaye imbaraga z' abaturage rugero twavuga: imihanda yahanzwe, ibyumba by' amashuri, amatarasi, ibiti byatewe, amazu y' abatishoboye gukora isuku kugeza uyumunsi muzumva imvugo iteye ishema igira iti: '''u Rwanda n' igihugu cyambere mu karere kirangwamo isuku'''. sibihuha kandi ariko sinimpanuka,sizindi mbaranga zakoreshejwe oyo, n' amaboko y' abanyarwanda muri make n' umuganda, mu Rwanda baciye nyakatsi nibindi, ibi byose tubikesha umuganda rimwe na rimwe umuganda abantu bawumva nkigikorwa gito bakagiha agaciro gake ariko iyo urebye ibimaze kugerwaho hifashishijwe umuganda ukumva n' indangantekerezo shingiro yawo nibwo wumva neza icyo umuganda aricyo ndetse nimpamvu yawo. kuva icyorezo cya COVID 19 cyakaduka , umuganda wabaye uhagaze , muri uyumwaka icyorezo kigenje amaguru make ibikorwa by' umuganda byongeye gusubukura hibandwa cyane cyane ku kurwanya isuri ,gusukura imiganda ndetse n' isuku yo mungo no ku mubiri.<ref>https://www.allaboutrwanda.com/umuganda.html</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/minaloc-yatangaje-igihe-umuganda-usoza-ukwezi-uzasubukurirwa</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/menya-impamvu-umuganda-washyizwe-imbere-y-umunsi-wagombaga-gukorerwaho</ref> === Amashakiro === p1x6u2idfosl48mx51nenvexjn4h7v0 0 10264 82765 2022-05-03T13:52:39Z Rodrigueng 10891 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Charlotte Nzayisenga ni umunyarwandakazi ukina beach volleyball wavutse ku itariki 23 ukuboza 1993 mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://results.gc2018.com/en/beach-volleyball/athlete-profile-n6021555-charlotte-nzayisenga.htm</ref> == ibyo yagezeho == hamwe na Denise Mutatsimpundu yegukanye umudari wa bronze mumikino nyafurika ya 2015 yabereye i [[Congo Brazzaville|Brazaville]] aba bombi batsindiye shampiyona nyafurika yo 2012 yabaterengeje imyaka 20 muri [[Togo|Lome, Togo]] Yatsindiye umudari wa Bronze mu marushanwa y' Afurika ya Beach Volleyball yabereye [[Abuja]] 2019 hamwe na Benitha Mukandayisenga<ref>https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/beachvolleyball/worldtour/2019/wwch2017/women/teams/920815-nzayisenga-mutatsimpundu/charlotte_nzayisenga?id=135065</ref> == Amateka == Yakinnye muri [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] volleyball club kuva 2009 kugeza 2013 hanyuma akomereza muri Rwanda Revenue Authority Volleyball Club aho yegukanye igikombe cya shampiyona yu [[Rwanda]] muri 2014<ref>https://www.flashscore.com/player/nzayisenga-charlotte/U7wLy9O3/</ref> == Aho wabisanga == qcsupuf61bs3e5wziow1t6kotj57szz 0 10265 82871 82869 2022-05-04T14:11:59Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Urubyiruko Mugusigasira Ibidukikije Nuberenganzira Bwamuntu]] to [[Urubyiruko Kurinda Ibidukikije Nuburenganzira Bwamuntu]] wikitext text/x-wiki Ibigo byamashuri bikwiye kwigisha abana ibijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, bakanigishwa kubishyira mu bikorwa bahereye ku byo bakorera ku ishuri, urugero nko gutera ibiti bizana umuyaga mwiza, bityo bakazabasha kubikorera n’ahandi.Nyamara, ngo hari igihe ibigo by’amashuri bishobora kugira uruhare mu kwangiza ibidukikije kuko bivamo imyanda myinshi, harimo n’iy’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga biba birimo uburozi bwica ubuzima, hakava amazi y’imvura ashobora kwangiza ibidukikije igihe atafashwe.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/uruhare-rw-amashuri-mu-kurengera-ibidukikije-rurakenewe</ref> Abahanga baremeza ko amashyamba ari ibihaha by'isi kubera ko anyunyuza umwuka urimo ubumara wa Carbon. Nkuko tudashobora kubaho tudafite ibihaha, ni ko n'isi idashobora kubaho idafite amashyamba.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59272357</ref> == Ibindi twavuga kubidukikije == Buri wese ni inkingi ya mwamba mu guharanira no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu kugira ngo budahonyorwa, aho bikwiye ko abamaze kumenya iby’ingenzi kwishingikiriza imiryango ibasha kugera kure, ifite ubushobozi, ivuga rikumvikana mu bihugu bikomeye kugirango guhirimbanira uburenganzira bwa muntu bigire ireme rikomeye kandi buri wese yumve uruhare rwe kugira ngo bigerweho.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/sobanukirwa-uburenganzira-bwa-muntu-n-uko-bwubahirizwa</ref>Kubera imihindagurikire y’ibihe, [[Afurika]] ikunze kwibasirwa n’amapfa ndetse n’imyuzure,<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ni-izihe-ngamba-zihari-ku-myuzure-n-imvura-ikomeje-gutwara-ubuzima-bw-abantu</ref> [[Rwanda]] n'u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] bigizwe n'imisozi ubundi yari iriho amashyamba ariko hari aho usanga imisozi ihanamye. Nta gushidikanya kandi ko u [[Rwanda]] n'u [[Uburundi|Burundi]] biri mu bihugu bituwe cyane ku isi kandi bikaba ari bito.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-59272357</ref> == Ahandi wasanga amakuru == bc20w9q4qi6s3r5ytm0d8m4warbgvz0 0 10266 82942 82850 2022-05-05T17:23:29Z Puerta25 10599 /* Urugendo mu miyoborere. */ wikitext text/x-wiki Rwakazina Marie Chantal Umunyarwandakazi wimyaka 49<ref>https://www-africanews-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.africanews.com/amp/2018/05/25/marie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16515856504050&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Fmarie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali%2F</ref> Wu munyapolitike uhagarariye u[[Rwanda]] muri Switzerland akaba nuhagarariye u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bihorano Mu Muryango Wabibumbye (United Notion).<ref><nowiki>https://rwandamagazine.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/rwakazina-chantal-wayoboraga-umujyi-wa-kigali-ari-mu-bagizwe-ba-ambasadeli</nowiki></ref> == Amashuri yize. == Mu 1995-2000, Rwakazina Marie Chantal yabonye impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza ibutare mubijyanye nubukungu (bachelor's degree in economics)(2001-2003)yabonye Kandi impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye muri kaminuza ya fondation Universtaire Luxembourgeoise,arlon Belgium. == Urugendo mu miyoborere. == 2003/2008 Rwakazina Marie Chantal yarahagarariye umurenge wa Nduba Kandi akorana mukigo cya RALGA.<ref><nowiki>https://www-africanews-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.africanews.com/amp/2018/05/25/marie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16515856504050&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Fmarie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali%2F</nowiki></ref> Rwakazina Marie Chantal kuva 2013-2018 yakora nkimuguke mu Muryango Wabibumbye (united nations) mu[[Rwanda]] mubijyanye niterambera arinabyo yize muri kaminuza mu bubirigi. Rwakazina kuva muri 2018-2019 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wumujyi wa [[Kigali|kigali.]]<ref><nowiki>https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2019/unisbio1260.html</nowiki></ref> taliki 04 Ukuboza Rwakazina yabonye ibaruwa imwemerera kwitabira ibirori byabereye apostolic palace ivatikani (Vatican city) bya yobowe na pope Francis. == Amakuru arushijeho. == https://www-africanews-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.africanews.com/amp/2018/05/25/marie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16515856504050&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Fmarie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali%2F Referances dy4p0ablph7qc883yvgvuqd3eo0o1a7 0 10267 83457 83456 2022-05-13T13:29:18Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Rose Mukankomeje]] to [[Mukankomeje Rose]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukankomeje Rose''' yabaye umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka 1995 kugeza mu mwaka 2001<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/204025</ref> == Mukankomeje Rose == Mukankomeje Rose ni umwe mubagore bafite ubuhanga buhanitse mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kandi bafitiye igihugu<ref>https://www.un.org/esa/forests/outreach/forest-heroes/africa/index.html</ref> akamaro kubera imirimo yabo. == Imirimo yakoze == Mukankomeje Rose yayoboye ikigo kigihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] REMA. Kumirimo ye Mukankomeje Rose yibanze cyane mukurengera ibidukikije n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no gushishikariza abahinzi guhinga muburyo bugezweho batabangamiye ibidukikije ndetse no kurengera ibishanga, yabaye kandi umuyobozi muri minisiteri y'uburezi. sibyo gusa kandi yayoboye ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe guhanga udushya mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] == Ibindi == Mukankomeje Rose kandi byavuzweko yatawe muri yombi n'urwego rw'ubugenzacyaha mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] akurikiranweho<ref>https://rushyashya.net/dr-rose-mukankomeje-yafunguwe-byagateganyo/</ref> icyaha cyo guhishira no kuburira abakoze ibyaha gusa ntago byatinze kuko kuya 1 mata mu mwaka 2016 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemejeko agomba kurekurwa byagateganyo byari ibyishimo bidasanzwe kuriwe n'umuryango we ndetse nabakunzi be<ref>https://rushyashya.net/dr-rose-mukankomeje-yafunguwe-byagateganyo/</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 5f3g311f73u8a0w9jzwmo23131dm02v 0 10268 82770 2022-05-03T14:17:37Z Kellyk55 10328 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Tuyisenge ni umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w' inama nkuru y' abagore.Akaba ari umubyeyi wishimye ufite abana babiri.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == UBUZIMA BWE NIBYO AKUNDA GUKORA == '''ikintu cya mbere Christine akora mugitondo akibyuka ni isengesho kubera ko ariryo rimutangirira umunsi''' '''ashimishwa no gutanga ubufasha kubantu bamukeneye.akunda no kwita kubantu kubera ko ari mubintu yibukiraho ababyeyi be.''' '''Christine ubuzima bwa mwigishije kwihangana,akaba agira ubwoba bwo kutuzuza inshigano ze nkuko bikwiye mu gihe yumva yakangobye gukora ibirenze yagakwiye gukora,''' '''akaba atinya itsinzwi cyangwa gutsindwa.Nyuma y'akazi akunda gusoma ibitabo.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == '''AMATEKA''' == '''Umunyamategeko Christine Tuyisenge wamaze hafi imyaka 15 aharanira uburenganzira bw' umugore n' abana mu [[Rwanda]] abicishije mu muryango udaharanira inyungu witwa Haguruka. Christine yagize uruhare mu guhindura amategeko avangura, ndetse yafashaga gushinga icumbi ku bagore bahohotewe , no guhuza ubufasha mu by' amategeko.Kuva 2008 , aho Christine yabaye visi perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi.christine yahoze aharanira inyungu z' umugore n' iterambere ry' umugore mu gihugu ; mbese kuva mu mudugudu kugeza mu gihugu urwego.'''<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2017/07/08/8-rwandan-women-rising/</ref> === INDANGANTURO: === <references /> pxudf6ddnrybxadtus375bu012o61e7 0 10269 82774 2022-05-03T14:35:45Z Kellyk55 10328 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shadia umwana w' umukobwa ukinira AS Kigali akaba ari umwataka, shadia akomoka mu muryango w 'abayisilamu wa Janvier Swaibu na Mwapili Mundanikure. Shadia aturuka mu karere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] , akaba ari umwana wa gatatu mu muryango wa bana barindwi.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref> == AMATEKA == '''Shadia yize amashuri abanza ahitwa Ubumwe Primary school ,akomereza ahitwa ESIG Gisenyi aho yize akanakorera ikizamini cy'Urwego rusanzwe ibizwi nka (O'level).shadia yaje kurangiriza amashuri ye ahitwa Solidarity Academy ,iryo shuri rikaba riherereye mu karere ka Nyarugenge.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' '''Shadia yatangiye umwuga w ' umupira w ' amaguru hamwe n' itsinda ry' umupira ry' abagore mu karere ka [[Rubavu]] muri 2006 ; nyuma y' umwaka umwe yagiye muri Gakenke team aho yakinnye shampiyona imwe ubundi agahita ajya muri AS kigali y ' umupira w' amaguru w' abagore.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' '''shadia yafashije AS [[Kigali]] mu mwaka 2008 gutsindira shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru y'abategarugori mu gihe byari bimenyerewe ko APR ko ariyo itsinda shampiyona; shadia yafshije AS [[Kigali]] gutsinda shampiyona mu bihe bitanu bikurikiranye.shadia yafashije ikigo yigagaho Solidarity Academy gutsindira igikombe cy' umupira w'amaguru cy'abakobwa hagati y'amashuri kuva 2011.Bituma aza kumwanya wagatatu (2011) n kumwanya wa kabiri (2012) mu cyiciro cy'umupira w'amagurumu mikino yamberenya Afrika y' uburasirazuba (FEASSA).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' == IBYO YAGEZEHO == '''Shadia niwe watsinze ibitego byinshi muri shampiyona y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore kuva 2011 aho yatsinze ibitego 24,34muri 2012 . muri saison ya nyuma yinjije inshuro 20 kugirango yegukane igihembo cyatsinze ibitego by'umwaka muri ruhango.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' == IBYO YIFUZA MU MUPIRA W'AMAGURU == '''shadia kuva akira umwana byari indoto ze kuba umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru, yifuzaga kumera nk'abavandimwe be babiri(Abouba(akina muri Police FC) na Djouma(akinira AS Muhanga)). shadia yifuza kuzaba umukinnyi ukira kurwego mpuzamahanga.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108221</ref>''' === INDANGANTURO: === <references /> r4id6tnur48c67j7fzju142m0qgnutc 0 10270 82778 2022-05-03T15:04:06Z Germain92 9488 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Kalimba ni umwari w'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu Rwanda akaba ari umukinnyi w'umupira<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/alice-kalimba</ref> w'amaguru wikipe yigihugu y'abagore mu [[Rwanda]] ukina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati == Amateka == alice Kalimba yakinnye mu ikipe ya A.S Kigali mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] muri club yabaye kandi mumajonjora yo guhatanira igikombe<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/meet-kalimba-kigali-and-she-amavubis-star-midfielder</ref> cy'[[Afurika]] muri 2014 akaba kandi ari umwe mu bakinnyi b' abagore bakomeye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bagiye bandika amateka mu mupira w'amaguru mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] no mu Karere<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/09/kalimba-alice-yasinyiye-ikipe-yo-muri-tanzania/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Alice Kalimba yavutse taliki 11 ugushyingo 1998 avukira mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] mu mujyi wa kigli abyarwa na se bita Bernard Kalimba na Nyina bita Groliose Ntakirutimana akaba ari umuhererezi mumuryango we iwabo bavuka ari abana 8 abahungu 4 n'abakobwa 4 == Amashuri yize == Alice yize amashuri abanza i [[Kigali]] mu [[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Murenge wa Kacyiru]] nyuma yaho akomereza amashuri yisumbuye Iremera Rukoma [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|mukarere ka Kamonyi]] yaje kandi guhindura akomereza mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|karere ka nyarugenge]] mu ishuri bita solidality academy nyuma kandi yaje gusoreza muru ADB inyarutarama ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye akaba yarasoje amasuri yisumbuye mu mwaka wa 2016 gusa kugeza ubu ntago arakomeza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza.]] == Imirimoye n'amakipe yakiniye == Alice wazamukiye mu ikipe ya [[Kamonyi District|Remera rukoma]] aho yigaga agakomeza akagera no muri [[Kigali|AS Kigali]] ndetse<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83721/cecafa-women2018-kalimba-alice-watsindiye-u-rwanda-yizeye-ko-83721.html</ref> na [[FERWAFA|scandinavia WFC]] muri 2021 kanama 31 nibwo ubuzima bwe bwasaga nkubuhindutse kurushaho ubwo ikipe yo mukiciro cyambere yo muri [[Tanzaniya]] izwi nka [[Tanzaniya|The Tigers sports Academy]] yatangazaga ko ya musinyishije nkumukinnyi wayo muri [[Tanzaniya]]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/kalimba-alice-na-umubyeyi-zakia-bakiniraga-scandinavia-wfc-berekeje-mu-ikipe-ya-tigers-sports-academy-yo-muri-tanzania/</ref> == Shakisha == 6jxz4x5u1bdrjcgjo6ayfz6g322ieq6 0 10271 82862 82792 2022-05-04T13:42:47Z 94.73.52.90 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine animated.gif|thumb|Iminsi yambere yigitero]] Igitero '''cy’Uburusiya muri Ikerene''' ni intambara y’intambara yatangiye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2022 saa 03:00 ( UTC ) nyuma y’itegeko rya Perezida w’[[Uburusiya]], [[Vladimir Putin]], nyuma yo kumenya ubwigenge bwa Donetsk na Lugansk no kohereza ingabo muri utwo turere, gutegeka gutangiza igikorwa cya gisirikare muri Ikerene , ukabona ko ari "ikibazo" ku mutekano w’Uburusiya , ukabona ko ari kimwe mu bigize NATO kwaguka mu Burasirazuba binyuranyije n’amasezerano ya Baker / Gorbachev yo mu 1989, no kurwanya Nazification ya [[Ikerene]]. Ukraine yahise itangaza amategeko ya gisirikare maze Uburusiya butangira kugaba ibitero bya rutura mu gihugu hose, intego nyamukuru yo gutesha agaciro ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ukraine ndetse n’ibibuga by’indege bya gisivili. Muri icyo gihe, abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ukraine batangaje ko ibirindiro by’umupaka byibasiwe n’Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya maze batangaza ko ingabo, imodoka zitwaje ibirwanisho, n’indege zambuka umupaka ziva mu gace ka Chernobyl., Crimea , na Chernihiv , Sumy , na Kharkov . Igitero cyatangiye nyuma y’amezi menshi y’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’abasirikare b’Uburusiya bagera ku 190.000 ku mipaka ya Ukraine byatangiye mu mpera za 2021 ndetse n’Uburusiya bwemera ko repubulika itandukana yashinzwe nyuma y’intambara ya Donbass muri Ukraine. 2014 . Igitero cyahitanye abantu ibihumbi, barimo abasirikare baturutse impande zombi, abasivili babarirwa mu magana ndetse n’abana benshi, nubwo amakuru avuga ko hagati y’umwana umwe na batatu. Imijyi myinshi irimo guterwa ibisasu mu gihugu hose, nka Kiev , Kharkiv cyangwa Mariupol. Nyuma y’ibisasu byatangiye, UNHCR yatangaje ko impunzi 368.000 mu minsi 3 ya mbere y’amakimbirane zahungiye mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu ziva mu burasirazuba no hagati. Ibihumbi n’abasivili bimaze guhunga igihugu kandi ikibazo cy’ubutabazi kikaba kigenda cyiyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 500 kugeza kuri miliyoni nyinshi. Ibikorwa by’Uburusiya byamaganwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga , bihabwa ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hateguwe imyigaragambyo n'imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya intambara mu mijyi yo ku isi, harimo n'Uburusiya, aho abigaragambyaga bakatiwe kandi bakatirwa imyaka 15. Ukraine ihabwa inkunga n’amahanga mu buryo bw’ibikoresho by’ubukungu n’ibisirikare biva mu bihugu byinshi bya NATO , Azerubayijani yatangaje ko izatanga peteroli na gaze muri Ikerene mu gihe cy’ibibazo. twenyine, igihugu gikomeye ku isi kireba kure." Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, harimo Ubushinwa n'Ubuhinde , ntibujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bitere . Ku cyumweru, tariki ya 27 Gashyantare, Uburusiya bwatangaje ko intumwa zagiye muri [[Belarusi]] zitegereje gutangira ibiganiro. Nyuma gato, Zelensky yatangaje ko intumwa z’Uburusiya na Ukraine zizahurira ku mupaka wa Biyelorusiya. == Amavu n'amavuko == === Amasezerano ya Baker-Gorbachev === Inzira yo kugwa k'urukuta rwa [[Berlin]], ubumwe bw’Abadage no gusenyuka kwa guverinoma y’abakomunisiti (1989-1991) byazanye impinduka nini mu bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ibihugu by’iburasirazuba , kugeza icyo gihe abanyamuryango cyangwa ibihugu by’ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti , bahindura uburinganire bwa politiki mu Burayi . Icyo gihe Perezida w’Abasoviyeti, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], yahoraga akomeza avuga ko yari kubona ingwate guhera mu 1990 kwa Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika , James Baker , ko NATO itazaguka mu gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahoze mu Burasirazuba (usibye Ubudage ).cyangwa no ku mipaka y'Uburusiya, verisiyo ishyigikiwe na bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka, n'inyandiko zasohowe na ''Der Spiegel'' . Mu masezerano hagati ya Baker na Gorbachev, mu 1990, Ubudage bwarahujwe kandi NATO irimo ifasi y’icyahoze ari Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi . === Imiterere ya nyuma yAbasoviyeti na Revolution ya Orange === Nyuma y’isenyuka ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991, Ukraine n'Uburusiya byakomeje umubano wa hafi . Mu 1994, Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi; yashyize umukono ku masezerano y'i Budapest ku ngwate z'umutekano hashingiwe ko Uburusiya, Ubwongereza na Amerika bitanga ingwate zo gukumira iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu mu kurwanya ubusugire bw'akarere cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki bwa Ikerene . Viktor Yanukovych, icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’intebe, yatangaje ko yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu cya Ukraine mu 2004 . Ibisubizo Ibi byose byaje kuvamo Revolution ya Orange , yazanye Yushchenko na Yulia Tymoshenko kubutegetsi, mugihe Yanukovych yabyanze. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida w’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yamaganye abayoboke ba Ukraine bashobora kuba NATO . Urwego rw’Abasoviyeti mu mpera za 1980 no mu ntangiriro ya Mu 2009, Yanukovych yatangaje ko yifuza kongera kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu matora ya perezida wa Ukraine yo mu 2010 , ari naho yatsinze. === Kwagura NATO === Mu 1992, ikinyamakuru ''New York Times'' cyasohoye inyandiko zemewe zivuga ko hashyizweho inyigisho zifatika zafashe izina ry’inyigisho za Wolfowitz, aho Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw’ibindi bihugu, zigasaba ko habaho ubumwe kandi bugashyirwaho nk '"intego ya mbere yo gukumira. kongera kubyuka kwa mukeba mushya, haba mu karere kahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti cyangwa ahandi. " Inyandiko ibanza yaje guhindurwa mumagambo yayo. Mu 1994 , Ikerene yemeye kureka intwaro zayo za kirimbuzi maze ishyira umukono ku masezerano y’i Budapest ku bijyanye n’umutekano ku bijyanye n’uko Uburusiya , Ubwongereza , na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika bitanga ingwate ku iterabwoba cyangwa gukoresha ingufu ku butaka, ubusugire, cyangwa ubwigenge bwa politiki. Ikerene . Nyuma yimyaka itanu, Uburusiya bwari bumwe mu bwashyize umukono ku Masezerano y’umutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburayi, "bwashimangiye uburenganzira buri gihugu cyagize cyo guhitamo uburenganzira bwo guhitamo cyangwa guhindura gahunda z’umutekano, harimo n’amasezerano y’umutekano". . ] Guhindura imihigo n'Uburusiya bwo mu 1989/1991, mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya za 90, [[Amerika]]<nowiki/>yahisemo kwagura imipaka ya NATO mu Burasirazuba . Mu 1998, George Keennan , umusesenguzi mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane mu myaka ya za 40 yashyizeho politiki yo muri Amerika yo hagati y’Abasoviyeti, yabajije icyemezo cy’Amerika cyo kwagura NATO mu burasirazuba:<blockquote>Ntekereza ko ari intangiriro y'intambara nshya ikonje. Ndatekereza ko abarusiya bazagenda buhoro buhoro bakitwara nabi kandi ibyo bizagira ingaruka kuri politiki yabo. Ntekereza ko ari ikosa ribabaje. Ntampamvu yabyo rwose. Nta muntu n'umwe wigeze akangisha undi muntu. Uku kwaguka kwatuma ba se bashinze iki gihugu bahinduka imva zabo. Twiyemeje kurinda urukurikirane rw'ibihugu, nubwo tudafite amikoro cyangwa umugambi wo kubikora muburyo bukomeye. Kwiyongera kwa NATO] byari igikorwa cyoroheje cyakozwe na Sena idafite inyungu nyazo z’ububanyi n’amahanga. Ikimbabaza nukuntu impaka kandi zitamenyeshejwe neza impaka za Sena zose. Nababajwe cyane cyane no kuvuga Uburusiya nk'igihugu kigiye gutera Uburayi bw'Uburengerazuba. Abantu ntibumva? Itandukaniro ryacu mu ntambara y'ubutita ryari ku butegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti. Noneho ubu turimo gutera umugongo abantu bakoze impinduramatwara nini itagira amaraso mumateka yo guhirika ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Demokarasi y'Uburusiya iratera imbere, niba atari byinshi, kuruta kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. kurusha kimwe muri ibyo bihugu twasinyiye kurengera Uburusiya. Birumvikana ko hazabaho imyifatire mibi iturutse mu Burusiya, hanyuma [Abaguzi ba NATO] bakavuga ko twahoraga tubabwira ko aribwo Abarusiya bameze, ariko ibi ni bibi. George Keennan </blockquote>Mu 1999, NATO yaje gushyiramo Repubulika ya Ceki , Hongiriya , na [[Polonye]]. Muri 2005 [[Bulugariya]], Lituwaniya, [[Romaniya]], Slowakiya , Siloveniya , Esitoniya na Lativiya byashyizwemo ; iyi mipaka ibiri yanyuma nu Burusiya. Muri 2009 Alubaniya na Korowasiya bifatanije naho muri 2017 Montenegro yinjira . Biyelorusiya na Ikerene byaje gusigara nk'ibihugu byombi bidafite aho bibogamiye, biherereye ku "murongo utukura" watandukanyaga ingabo z’iburengerazuba ziyobowe na Amerika, n'Uburusiya. Ikerene yahise iba umwanya wingenzi kumpande zombi maze politiki yimbere itangira kwangizwa cyane nintambara mpuzamahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2008, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, George W. Bush , yatangaje ku mugaragaro umugambi we wo kuzana Ukraine na Jeworujiya muri NATO, kandi icyarimwe kurwanya abarusiya na [[neo-Nazi] -bafatanya na Perezida Viktor Yushchenko, yasabwe kwinjira mu gisirikare, avuza inzogera mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida w’Uburusiya, Viktor Yanukovych yatsinze , yanga icyifuzo. Ariko mu 2014, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uzwi ku izina rya Euromaidan , ku nkunga ikomeye y’Amerika, wahiritse Yanukovych maze guverinoma irwanya Uburusiya isubira ku butegetsi, ikomeza amakimbirane. Amateka yo kwaguka kwa NATO Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi: 1952, Ubugereki, Turukiya; 1955, Repubulika y’Ubudage (Ubudage bw’iburengerazuba); 1982, Espanye; 1990, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (Ubudage bw'Uburasirazuba, byahinduka Ubudage Bumwe); 1999, Hongiriya, Polonye, ​​Repubulika ya Ceki; 2004, Buligariya, Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Rumaniya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya; 2009, Korowasiya, Alubaniya; 2017, Montenegrin; 2020, Makedoniya y'Amajyaruguru. === Euromaidan n'intambara === Nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi bigaragambije mu rwego rwa Euromaidan (2013-2014), Perezida w'icyo gihe wa Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych n'abayobozi batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu nteko ishinga amategeko bashyize umukono ku masezerano y'ubwiyunge ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2014 basaba ko habaho amatora hakiri kare. Bukeye bwaho, Yanukovych yahunze kyiv mbere yuko hatorwa amajwi y’ubujurire amwambura ububasha bwo kuba perezida. Abayobozi b'uturere two mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine bavuga Ikirusiya batangaje ko bayoboka Yanukovych, byateje imvururu zashyigikiye Uburusiya muri Ikerene 2014. Imvururu zakurikiwe naUburusiya bwigaruriye Crimée muri Werurwe 2014 n’intambara ya Donbass , yatangiye muri Mata 2014 hashyirwaho na Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk na Lugansk. Ku ya 5 Nzeri 2014, Amasezerano ya Minsk , amasezerano yagombaga guhagarika intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine, yashyizweho umukono n’abahagarariye Ukraine , Federasiyo y’Uburusiya , Repubulika y’abaturage ya Donetsk (DNR), na Repubulika ya Lugansk (LNR), kugeza amaherezo amasezerano ya Minsk II yashyizweho umukono ku ya 12 Gashyantare 2015 , aho abategetsi b'Abadage , Ubufaransa , Uburusiya na Ukraine bashakaga kugabanya intambara yabereye i Donbas . Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2020, Perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yemeje ingamba nshya z’umutekano w’igihugu cya [[Ikerene]], "ateganya iterambere ry’ubufatanye bwihariye na NATO hagamijwe kuba umunyamuryango wa NATO". Ku ya 24 Werurwe 2021, Zelensky yashyize umukono ku Iteka No 117/2021 yemeza "ingamba zo kuvaho no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe agace ka Repubulika yigenga ya Crimée n’umujyi wa Sevastopol ." Uburusiya bwavuze ko Ukraine ishobora kwinjira muri NATO, ndetse no kwaguka kwa NATO muri rusange, guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu. Ikerene nayo yashinjaga Putin gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’abasirikare. == Intangiriro yo gutera == [[Dosiye:Zelensky NY.jpg|thumb|Volodomir Zelensky]] Amakimbirane yatangiranye no kwiyongera cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, mu ikubitiro kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Mata 2021, hanyuma guhera mu Kwakira 2021 kugeza muri Gashyantare 2022. Mu gihe cyo kwiyubaka kwa kabiri kwa gisirikare, Uburusiya bwatanze icyifuzo kuri Amerika na NATO, bugaragaza imishinga ibiri y’amasezerano yari arimo. arasaba icyo yise "ingwate z'umutekano," harimo n'amasezerano yemewe ko Ukraine itazinjira mu muryango w’amasezerano ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NATO), no kugabanya ingabo n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare bya NATO biherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba . Urebye ibyo, yavuze ko igisubizo cya gisirikare kitazwi niba ibyifuzo bye byanze. Kubera guhangana n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zishobora gutera igitero cya Ukraine, umuvugizi wa Kremle yatangaje ko "Uburusiya bwabayeho mu ntambara nyinshi, ari cyo gihugu cya nyuma mu Burayi ndetse kikaba gishaka kuvuga ku ntambara." Ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2022, nyuma y’uko repubulika ya Donetsk na Lugansk imenyekana , Perezida Putin yategetse ingabo z’Uburusiya (harimo na tanki) koherezwa i Donbass, aho Uburusiya bwise "ubutumwa bwo kubungabunga ubutumwa". Amahoro ". Nyuma yuwo munsi, ibitangazamakuru byinshi byigenga byemeje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zinjiye i Donbass. Putin yagize icyo avuga aho yatangaje ko Ukraine ya none ari ishyirwaho rya " Bolshevik , Uburusiya bw’Abakomunisiti", anenga uburenganzira bwa Lenin bwo kwishyira ukizana.kuva “iyo bigeze ku mateka y’Uburusiya n’abaturage bayo, amahame ya Lenin yo guteza imbere igihugu ntabwo yari amakosa gusa; Babaye babi kuruta ikosa, nkuko babivuze. Ibi byagaragaye neza nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti mu 1991 "bita Ukraine y’Abasoviyeti " ibisubizo bya politiki ya Bolsheviks kandi birashobora kwitwa 'Ukraine ya Vladimir Lenin'. Niwe wayiremye kandi yubaka. Yatangaje kandi ko nyuma ya Euromaidan ari ukugerageza "kugoreka imitekerereze n’amateka y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, bo mu gisekuru cyose baba muri Ukraine" bikavamo "ubwenegihugu bukabije bw’iburyo, byahise bibaIgitero Russophobia na Neo -Nazism '. Ku ya 22 Gashyantare 2022, Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika [[Joe Biden]] yatangaje ko "intangiriro y’igitero cy’Abarusiya muri Ikerene". Umunyamabanga mukuru wa NATO, Jens Stoltenberg na Minisitiri w’intebe wa Kanada, Justin Trudeau , bavuze ko "igitero gishya". Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa Ukraine, Dmytro Kuleba , yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nko gutera bito, bito cyangwa bikomeye. Igitero ni igitero. Umuyobozi wa politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Josep Borrell , yatangaje ko "ingabo z’Uburusiya zageze ku butaka bwa Ukraine" mu "atari igitero cyuzuye". Kuri uwo munsi, Inama ya Federasiyo yemereye Putin gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare hanze y’Uburusiya. Na we, Perezida Zelensky yategetse ko hajyaho ingabo z’abasirikare ba Ukraine, nubwo yari atarashyira mu bikorwa rusange. Ku ya 23 Gashyantare, Ikerene yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu gihugu hose, usibye uduce twigaruriwe na Donbass. Kuri uwo munsi, Uburusiya bwatangiye kwimura ambasade yayo i Kiev kandi bumanura ibendera ry’Uburusiya hejuru y’inyubako. Nko ku ya 23 Gashyantare, inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ukraine n’imbuga za leta, hamwe n’imbuga za banki, bahuye n’ibitero bya DDoS . == Itangazo ry'intambara == Mbere gato ya saa tatu za mugitondo ( UTC ) ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ubutumwa ku Gihugu cya Putin bwatangajwe ku miyoboro y'Uburusiya bumumenyesha icyemezo yafashe cyo kugaba igitero cya gisirikare mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva, mu magambo ye, "Uburusiya ntibushobora kumva umutekano imbere y’iterabwoba rya Ikerene. " abatuye Repubulika y'Abaturage ya Lugansk naRepubulika yabaturage ya Donetsk . Hanyuma, yateye ubwoba amahanga ko atazagira uruhare mu makimbirane: <blockquote>Umuntu wese ugerageza kutwivanga, cyangwa nibindi byinshi, atera ubwoba igihugu cyacu nabaturage bacu, agomba kumenya ko igisubizo cyu Burusiya kizahita kandi kikazana ingaruka nkizo zitigeze zibona mbere mumateka yacyo. Twiteguye guhinduka kwibyabaye byose. Vladimir Putin </blockquote> == Igitero == === Ku ya 24 Gashyantare === [[Dosiye:Vladimir Putin (2022-02-24).jpg|thumb|Vladimir Putin]] Nyuma yiminota mike ijambo rya Putin rivuzwe, i Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa na Donbas. Abayobozi ba Ukraine bavuze ko Uburusiya bwinjije ingabo muri Odessa na Mariupol kandi kohereje misile zo mu bwoko bwa ballistique na cruise ku bibuga by’indege, mu birindiro bya gisirikare no mu bubiko bwa gisirikare i Kiev, Kharkiv na Dnipro. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umujyanama wa Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine , nyuma gato ya 06:30 (UTC + 2) ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekezaga ku butaka hafi y’umujyi wa Kharkiv kandi zitangaza ko indege nini nini ziva mu mijyi ya Mariupol na Odessa; na Herashchenko yemeje ko igwa hafi ya Odessa. Abashinzwe umutekano ku mipaka ya Ikerene na bo bavuze ko bagabye ibitero muriLugansk , Sumy , Kharkiv , Chernigov , na Zhytomyr, ndetse no muri Crimée. yavuze ko nta myigaragambyo y’ingabo z’umupaka wa Ukraine . Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cya Ukraine yatangaje ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe imidugudu ya Horodyshche i . Ikigo cya Ukraine gishinzwe itumanaho n’umutekano w’ibikorwa byatangaje ko ingabo za Ukraine zanze igitero hafi ya Shchastia(hafi ya Luhansk) maze yigarurira umujyi, bituma abagera kuri 50 bahitanwa n’Uburusiya. Mu bihe bya mbere by’igitero, ingabo z’Uburusiya zari zishinzwe gutera ibisasu ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare, ibibuga by’indege ndetse n’ikibuga cy’indege mu turere icyenda tw’igihugu kugira ngo bibe igitero ku butaka, ku nyanja no mu kirere. Ako kanya, igitero cyatangiriye ku mpande eshatu nyamukuru, mu majyaruguru uva ku butaka bwa Biyelorusiya werekeza i Kiev , umurwa mukuru wa Ukraine, mu burasirazuba werekeza i Kharkov , umujyi wa kabiri mu gihugu, ndetse no muri Donbass , unyura ku murongo wa mbere ugana kuri icyambu cyaMariupol , hanyuma iheruka mu majyepfo, kuva muri Crimée kugira ngo unyure mu birindiro bya Ukraine ku murongo wa Kherson. Nyuma y'isaha imwe ntaho ihuriye n'ibitero byibasiye Uburusiya, urubuga rwa minisiteri yingabo ya [[Ikerene]] rwasubijwe. Minisiteri yavuze ko yarashe indege eshanu na kajugujugu i Lugansk. Mbere gato ya 07:00 (UTC + 2), Perezida Zelensky yatangaje amategeko ya gisirikare muri Ukraine. Nyuma yaje gutegeka ingabo za Ukraine "guteza igihombo kinini" kubatera. Dukurikije icyifuzo cya Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya gisaba ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ikirere cya Ukraine guhagarika ingendo, ikirere cyo mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kibujijwe kugenda mu kirere cy’abasivili, kandi Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano w’indege z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kibona ko akarere kose ari agace gakorerwamo amakimbirane. (KUBYO). Zelensky yatangaje kandi ko umubano w’uburusiya uhagaritswe. Umutwe wa gisirikare muri Podilsk wagabweho igitero n’ingabo z’Uburusiya, hapfa abantu batandatu barakomereka. Undi muntu yiciwe mu mujyi wa Mariupol . Abandi bantu 19 nabo baburiwe irengero. Ku isaha ya 13h00 (UTC + 2), ku ya 24 Gashyantare, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Ukraine byemeje ko imodoka z'imirwano zegeraga ibirometero 50 uvuye ku murwa mukuru, Kiev , ziva muri Biyelorusiya . Byongeye kandi, abashinzwe umutekano ku ngabo n’ingabo za Ukraine bavuze ko habaye imirwano ibiri, hafi ya Sumy ("mu cyerekezo cya Konotop ") no muri Starobilsk . Nyuma yaho, saa 16h00 (UTC + 2), Perezida wa Ikerene, Zelensky yatangaje ko imirwano yaberaga mu gace ka Chernobyl , aho ingabo z’Uburusiya zagerageje kwigarurira akarere ka Chernobyl.urugomero rwa kirimbuzi rwarinzwe n’ingabo z’igihugu cya Ukraine , ikigo gikomeye gikomeye cya kilometero 150 uvuye i Kiev. Nyuma yamasaha abiri, guverinoma ya Ukraine ubwayo yemeje ko uruganda rw’Uburusiya rufashe, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze. Dukurikije ifatwa rya Chernobyl , ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikibuga cy’indege cya Antonov ku birometero 40 uvuye i Kiev. Ku gicamunsi kimwe, umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru, Vitali Klitschko, yatangaje isaha yo gutaha guhera saa kumi kugeza saa moya za mugitondo, metro ikomeza gufungura amasaha 24 kugirango ibe ubuhungiro. Nyuma yo guhangana , abanya Ukraine bashoboye kwigarurira ikibuga cyindege cya Antonov. Mu masaha ya nyuma yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare, imirwano ibera mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. Nyuma gato ya 22h00 (UTC + 2), ingabo z’Uburusiya zafashe ikirwa cy’inzoka , giherereye mu nyanja yirabura ku birometero 45 uvuye ku nkombe za Ukraine na Rumaniya , gihitana abarinzi ba Ukraine bose uko ari cumi na batatu banga kwitanga. Ibibunda bya rutura byakomeje kurasa ibirindiro bya Ukraine mu majyaruguru ya Kharkiv no hafi ya Mariupol , mu gihe imirwano ikaze yakomereje mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu i Sumy no mu majyepfo i Kherson . Nyuma yo kugota Sumy , ingabo z’Uburusiya zerekeje i Konotop zifite intego nyamukuru yo kugota Kiev. Umunsi urangiye, Minisitiri w’ubuzima muri Ukraine Oleh Lyashkoyemeje ko hapfuye abantu 59 naho 169 bakomereka ku munsi wa mbere w’igitero, havugwa ko hapfuye abasivili i Mariupol , Kharkov no mu majyepfo y’igihugu. Mu buryo bushya, perezida wa Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky , yazamuye umubare w’abahohotewe muri Ukraine bagera ku 137 ku munsi w’intambara. Minisiteri y’ingabo y’Uburusiya yatangaje kandi ko ingabo z’Uburusiya zahagaritse ibikorwa remezo bya gisirikare bya Ukraine 74, birimo ikibuga cy’indege 11, ibirindiro 3 bikomeye, na sitasiyo 18 za radar mu nyubako za gisirikare. 1xehfeu8ox47v7vrtbdr6phfg5xtqlk 0 10272 83455 82786 2022-05-13T13:20:29Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odile Gakire''' Katese uzwi nka KIKI, Umunyarwandakazi, ni umwanditsi akaba n'umuyobozi w'amakinamico, Rwiyemezamirimo akaba yarananditse igitabo cyitwa Igitabo cy'Ubuzima (Book of Life).<ref>https://www.intermissionmagazine.ca/in-conversation/in-conversation-odile-gakire-katese-and-ross-manson/</ref><ref>https://nowtoronto.com/culture/theatre/the-book-of-life-odile-gakire-katese-2</ref> == Ibyo yagezeho == Mubyo yagezeho mu [[Rwanda]] harimo gutangiza kampani ya mbere y'ingoma yabagore yise Ingoma Nshya Women Initiatives, kampani yambere y'ababyinnyi yabigize umwuga yise Amizero Dance Kompagnie, Iserukiramico mpuzamahanga ryambere ry'ibihugu mu [[Rwanda]] yise Festival Arts Azimuts, iserukiramico nyarwanda ry'ingoma [[Rwanda]] Drum Festival Ububiko bwa mbere bwa Icecream yise Inzozi Nziza-Sweet dreams<ref>https://www.volcano.ca/odile-gakire-katese</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == yahawe igihembo cyambere cya League of Professional Theatre women's Rosamond Gilder/Martha Coigney International Award. <ref>https://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/4471-odile-gakire-katese-receives-first-gildercoigney-international-theatre-award</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] 3jrzqdekatqnps56ljtpfvbsjbt7ebl 0 10273 83284 82794 2022-05-10T15:11:42Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Toni Ann-Singh Miss World 2019.jpg|thumb|Miss Mimwiza Meghan]] Nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] 2019 Nimwiza Meghan == Ubuzima == Nimwiza Meghan numunya Rwandakazi yavutse tariki ya 10 Ukwakira 1998 avukira mu karere ka Kicukiro mu murenge wa Gikondo kugeza ubu akaba afite imyaka 23. Ni we wagombaga guserukira u Rwanda muri Miss World 2019 yaribuizabere Pattaya muri Thailand ku nshuro ya 69 rizaba riri kuba. mugihe Ikamba rya Miss World 2018 ryari rifitwe na Vanessa Ponce wo muri Mexico.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/byinshi-utamenye-kuri-miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-wanavuze-umusore-yakundana</ref><ref>https://rugali.com/miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-yivuyemo/</ref> == Icyatumye areka icingano muri miss Rwanda == Meghan Nimwiza, Miss Rwanda 2019 yaretse akazi ko kuba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho mu ishyirahamwe rya Miss Rwanda .Nimwiza yasezeye kuri uyu muryango bavugwa ko afite umwanya utoshye muri Prime Cement Ltd, uruganda rwa sima ruva mu karere ka Musanze aho ashobora kuba mu itsinda rya Promotion.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/miss-meghan-nimwiza-calls-it-quit/</ref><ref>https://rugali.com/miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-yivuyemo/</ref> == Gushimira == 'Turagirango burimu Nya Rwanda muri rusanzwe amaenyeko ni Nimwiza Meghan yavuye mu ishyirahamwe rya Miss Rwanda. Turashimira cyane akazi gakomeye yadukoreye nkumuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho. Turamwifuriza gutsinda neza mubikorwa biri imbere,<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/miss-meghan-nimwiza-calls-it-quit/</ref> == Ibindi Wamenya kuri Meghane == Numukobwa Utuje ukijijwe mbeze avugako arumuchristo atemera tatuwaje <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/byinshi-utamenye-kuri-miss-rwanda-nimwiza-meghan-wanavuze-umusore-yakundana</ref> == Reba == Miss Rwanda website <ref>https://missrwanda.rw/blog-grid/</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] i1j5qgmn0cepuryow2wbam88c02w9z7 0 10274 83275 83274 2022-05-10T14:36:45Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Liliane [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga wu Rwanda 2018]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-iradukunda-liliane-na-bagenzi-be-batemberejwe-muri-parike-ya-sanya</ref> == Ubuzima == Iradukunda Liliane, yavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri mu mwaka 1999 i Kigali, mu [[Rwanda]] mubitaro bya CHUK, akaba arumwana wa karindwi mu muryango w'abana umunani. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-iradukunda-liliane-na-bagenzi-be-batemberejwe-muri-parike-ya-sanya</ref> == Ubuzima bwahambere == Yize amashuri yikiciro rusange kuri lyceé de kicukiro hanyuma APADE niho yarangije amashuri yisumbuye mubukerarugendo muri 2017.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-iradukunda-liliane-na-bagenzi-be-batemberejwe-muri-parike-ya-sanya</ref>nyuma yokuba [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]] 2018, Liliane IRADUKUNDA yateje imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco ategura iminsi mikuru mu mashuri yisumbuye kandi yafatanije na bagenzi be bahatanira kurwanya imirire mibi ndetse no guhagarika abana asura uturere tumwe na tumwe two mu [[Rwanda]] bafite umubare munini w’imirire mibi ndetse anashiraho ubusitani bw’igikoni. Gahunda yubusitani bwigikoni igamije kureba ko buri rugo rugira imbuto n'imboga bihoraho.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85631/miss-iradukunda-liliane-ahangayikishijwe-numujura-wamwiyitiriye-uri-kwiba-bikomeye-abantu-85631.html</ref> == Ibyo Akunda == Iradukunda Liliane akunda siporo kandi ashishikajwe no kubaho neza, akunda gutembera, kwidagadura kandi akunda kuba hafi y'abantu<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/miss-iradukunda-liliane-na-bagenzi-be-batemberejwe-muri-parike-ya-sanya</ref> == Ibihembo == Amaze guhatanira ikamaba rya nyaminga wu Rwanda 2018 Yahawe ibihembo bikomeye birimo imodoka nziza ya Suzuki Baleno ifite agaciro ka miliyoni zikabakaba 20 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/twamusuye-ibiteye-amatsiko-ku-buzima-bwa-miss-iradukunda-liliane-video</ref> == Ibindi wareba == Miss [[Rwanda]] 2018 Iradukunda Liliane website<ref>https://missrwanda.rw/about-missrwanda/</ref> === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] okugjreonig0p8s0zt7esptz88vi9ij 0 10275 82798 2022-05-03T16:52:49Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Iradukunda Elsa yabaye nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] 2017 cpeg8qb908lwf98ievn8w8327o9d98y 0 10276 82809 82807 2022-05-03T17:58:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''NTIRENGANYA Emma Claudine''' wamamaye mu itangazamakuru nka Emma Claudine ubwo yakoraga kuri Rdio Salus igihe kinini cyane, agakora mu kinyamakuru ni nyampinga, akaba ubu uri umuvugizi wa Guverinoma yu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Emma claudine''' ni umubyeyi wubatse ufite n'abana akaba yarabaye umunyamakuru kuri Radio Salus yatangiranye nayo, yamenyekanye mu kiganiro "'''Imenye Nawe'''" kandi yakoze n'ibindi biganiro birimo "'''Muberarugo'''".<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/salus/</ref> === AMASHURI YIZE === '''Emma Claudine''' yaminuje muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] mu itangazamakuru (2000-2004). Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza yakuye mu gihugu cya Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus</ref> muri [https://www.unic.ac.cy/ University of Nicosia] mu bijyanye no gucunga imishinga (Business Administration and Management General). Afite ubumenyi mu bijyanye na filime ndetse mu 2008 yasoje amasomo ye mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]]. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> ===== IMIRIMO YAKOZE ===== Emma Claudine Nyuma y'igihe kinini akorera Radio Salus ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminiza y'u Rwanda]] ishami rya Huye,riri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], aho ibiganiro byinshi muri byo byibandaga kubuzima bw'imyororokere, akaba yarakoraga kandi noguteza imbere imyidagaduro mu [[Rwanda]] cyane muri muzika, aho yari umuyobozi wa Ikirezi Group itegura ikanatanga ibihembo bya Salax Awards.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58523/nyuma-y-igihe-kinini-yari-ahamaze-emma-claudine-ntakiri-umunyamakuru-wa-radio-salus-58523.html</ref> Yaje kuhava muri 2014 agiye gukora muri NGOs yitwa Girl Hub Rwanda itegura ikinyamakuru ni Nyampinga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref> <ref>http://ninyampinga.com/en/</ref><ref>https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/emma-claudine-wakoreye-radio-salus-yahawe-umwanya-n-inama-y-abaminisitiri</ref>Avuye mu buholandei yasangije ubumenyi itsinda rya Les Stars Theatre muri Kminuza y'uRwanda i butare n'abandi banyamakuru ba Radio Salus banandika ikinamico. '''Emma Claudine''' amaze imyaka 15 afatwa nka "'''Shangazi'''" w'ingimbi n'abangavu kubera ibiganiro kubera ibiganiro byerekeye ubuzima bw'imyororokere, iyi gahunda akaba yarayitangiriye kuri Radio Salus mu kiganiro yise "IMENYE NAWE" mu mwaka 2005. yabaye kandi Program Manager wa Radio Salus,<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/salus/</ref> mu gihe cy'imyaka 9 n'amezi 5.Yakoze ikiganiro cyiswe "BAZA SHANGAZI" mu kinyamakuru 'NI NYAMPINGA"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83066/urubyiruko-rukina-ikinamico-ya-ninyampinga-sakwe-rwahsyize-h-83066.html</ref><ref>https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/</ref> yari anabereye Managing Editor".<ref>https://www.global.girleffect.org/what-we-do/youth-brands/ni-nyampinga/</ref> <ref>http://ninyampinga.com/en/</ref>Akaba yaramaze imyaka 5 akuriye itumanaho mu kigo cy'abanyamerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga ('''USAID'''). Yari asazwe akuriye itumanaho muri RwandaEquip umushinga wa Bridge international Academies ugamije guteza imbere uburezi mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://rwandaequip.org.rw/</ref> Yabaye umwe mu bagize Inama y'ubutegetsi mu inama nkuru y'itagazamakuru bigenzura ('''RMC'''). Yamaze imyaka 3 ari umunyamabanga mu ishyirahamwe ry'ubanyamakuru b'abagore ('''ARFEM''').<ref>http://www.rwandajournalists.com/membership/arj-affiliates/article/arfem</ref> Yanamaze umwaka umwe n'umezi abiri akuriye itumanaho muri Catholic Relief Services.<ref>https://www.crs.org/</ref> Ni umwe mu bari bagize Akanama Nkemurampaka kemeje abakobwa 37 batsinze ijonjora rya Miss Rwanda 2021. Ubu '''Emma Claudine''' yahawe ishingano nshya yagizwe umusesenguzi mu by'itumanaho mu biro by'Umuvugizi wa Guverinema y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/112566/emma-claudine-yahawe-akazi-muri-biro-byumuvugizi-wa-guverinoma-112566.html</ref> ===== AMASHAKIRO ===== kameyqt210fjdfk22ddqugmxmd1owz6 0 10277 82800 2022-05-03T16:58:02Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kundwa Doriane nyampinga wu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] 2015 2zsfj8dq8640yskth2im1n1ftmrd8ra 0 10278 82847 82814 2022-05-04T10:42:52Z Puerta25 10599 /* 2012 yitabiriye irushanwa rya ashoke fellow. */ wikitext text/x-wiki == Felicite Rwemarika. == == Amavuka. == Felicite Rwemarika yavutse taliki 09 Werurwe 1958. == Amashuri yize. == Felicite Rwemarika yabonye impanya bushobozi mubijyanye nubuganga muri mulago hospital muri Uganda. Yabonye Kandi dipolome mu bijyanye nimiyoborere mubucurizi (Business administration)muri kaminuza ya Cambridge college online(2007).<ref>https://olympics.com/ioc/mrs-felicite-rwemarika</ref> == Urugendo rwa Felicite Rwemarika. == 1985-1995 Yakoze ubuganga mubitaro bya mulago hospital muri Uganda. 1997-2004 Felicite Rwemarika yatangiye ubucuruzi bubiri butandukanye aribwo: salon yubwiza na resitora (restaurant). == Rwemarika mumikino. == 2003 Felicite Rwemarika yashinze anahagarira mumategeko AKWOS(Association of [[Kigali]] women's in sports).<ref>http://www.journeyhouseafrica.org/felicite/profile.html</ref> 2007-2011 Rwemarika yabaye umujyana muri Rwanda National Olympic sports committee.<ref>https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/fellow/felicite-rwemarika</ref> 2013-2017 yinjiye munzu yumupira wamagura mu [[Rwanda]] [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|(Ferwafa)]] nku muyibozi wumupira <ref>https://olympics.com/ioc/mrs-felicite-rwemarika</ref>wabagore. == Ibihembo bya Felicite Rwemarika. <ref>https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1108930/big-read-felicite-rwemarika-ioc-member</ref> == == 2012 yitabiriye irushanwa rya ashoke fellow. == 2015. Yabonye igihembo cya stars foundation and from girls collective. 2016 yabonye igihembo cya IOC cyo gushyigikira siporo Yabagore muri Africa<ref>https://olympics.com/ioc/mrs-felicite-rwemarika</ref> == Ibirushijeho. == e20hasylp4mjm03ka4a1apens5q2wv7 0 10279 82802 2022-05-03T17:05:52Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Umulinga ni umunyarwandakazi ukora mu bijyanye nimikino d9fxr4vebw8t2c3wkh9tde0tg4pdr93 0 10280 82803 2022-05-03T17:21:54Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamahoro Antoinette ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye cyane mu gukina filime aho azwi kumazina menshi kubera filime yakinnye ariko abenshi bamuzi cyane kumazina nka intare y'ingore, siperansiya,.. 2j5xagu2ci2f41lulenx9tp1j5vflni 0 10281 82804 2022-05-03T17:28:55Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Niyomubyeyi Noella ni umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi wamenyekanye mu gukina filimi yuruhererekane [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]] gblckl1s8t7zdg8bbhd8nbr4xam4mo2 0 10282 82805 2022-05-03T17:32:30Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Aliane Uwamahoro ni umunyarwandakazi ukorwa umwuga wubunyamakuru w'urubuga rw'imikino c5l473a5gq17qddlriia561gtgf915v 0 10283 82806 2022-05-03T17:37:15Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kayitesi Egidie ni umunyarwandakazi ni umutoza w'ikipe yabagore ya AS Kigali qp2s37r7x8xfhtbj8mlqo2rtkx65xby 0 10284 82808 2022-05-03T17:49:35Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Akiwacu Colombe ni nyampinga wu [[Rwanda]] 2014 lm58c0ks0y2uas7przkx7zcy0hvdtby 0 10285 83288 83286 2022-05-10T15:25:44Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite note-3|Uwera Dalila]] Niwe Wabaye Nyaminga wu [[Rwanda]] bwakabiri hari tariki 17 ukuboza 1993 muhango wabereye kuri Hotel chez Lando i Remera.[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite note-3]] == Amateka == Uwera Dalila yashakanye n’umugabo Dirk basanzwe baba mu gihugu cy’[[Ububiligi|Ububiligi,]] yabwiye Radio [[Rwanda]] icyatumye yitabira iri irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite note-3|Nyaminga Wu Rwanda]] ryari ribaye ku nshuro ya kabiri mu gihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]] .<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ntabwo-uwera-dalila-yabaye-miss-wambere-mu-rwanda-nkuko-bimaze-iminsi-byandikwa-mu-binyamakuru-kuko-uwabaye-miss-rwanda-1992-yishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi/</ref>Yagumye asobanura icyatumye ajya muri Miss [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1993 . Yavuze ko yarasanzwe arumunyamideli guhora abikora yerekana imyambaro igenzweho ikindi abobari bashinzwe ibyo byimideri ni nabo Bamujyanye mwirushanwa rya Nyaminga wu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]Nyuma yaho yaje gushakana numugabo kumugabane wiburayi ariwe Dirk. <ref>https://rushyashya.net/ntabwo-uwera-dalila-yabaye-miss-wambere-mu-rwanda-nkuko-bimaze-iminsi-byandikwa-mu-binyamakuru-kuko-uwabaye-miss-rwanda-1992-yishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi/</ref>[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite note-3|Uwera Dalila]] yaje guhishuye andi mabanga y’urugo rwe mu biganiro yagirinye nitangazamakuru hano mu [[Rwanda]] aho yahamirije abanyamakuru ko yamaze gutandukana n’umubiligi bari barashakanye,gusa yirinda kugaruka ku cyo yapfuye n’uyu wahoze ari umugabo we na cyane ko ngo ari ibintu biri hagati yabo ndetse yumva nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma atangaza icyo bapfuye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uwera-dalila-wabaye-miss-rwanda-mu-1994-ntiyumva-neza-impamvu-adahabwa-agaciro</ref> Uwera Dalila yavuzeko yaje gutandukanye n’umugabo bari barashakanye nyuma yo kubyarana umwana umwe. Mu kiganiro ni icyo kinyamakuru yavuze ko nyuma yo gutandukana n’uyu wari umugabo we yatangiye ubuzima bushya ndetse anongeraho ko yamaze kubona umusore bakundana bagiye kumarana umwaka wose bari mu rukundo ndetse bakaba biteguye kurushinga mu gihe icyo aricyo cyose baba bamaze kubyumvikana<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ntabwo-uwera-dalila-yabaye-miss-wambere-mu-rwanda-nkuko-bimaze-iminsi-byandikwa-mu-binyamakuru-kuko-uwabaye-miss-rwanda-1992-yishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi/</ref> == Ibihembo == Uwera Dalila Avugako Bahawe ikamba ari abakobwa 20 avugako bimwe muhihembo Yibuka harimo Imikufi hanyuma ibindi bakaba batarabibonye kubera bayise bahunga berekeza kumugabane w’i [[Burayi]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uwera-dalila-wabaye-miss-rwanda-mu-1994-ntiyumva-neza-impamvu-adahabwa-agaciro</ref> == Icyo avuga == Avuga ko kuba yarambaye ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda#cite note-3|Nyampinga w’u Rwanda]] wo mu mwaka 1993 abona ari agaciro gakomeye kuri we ndetse ko kugeza ubu agifite ishema ryaryo.Akongera avugako Kuba yarabaye Nyampinga w’u [[Rwanda]] bivuga byinshi cyane.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/ntabwo-uwera-dalila-yabaye-miss-wambere-mu-rwanda-nkuko-bimaze-iminsi-byandikwa-mu-binyamakuru-kuko-uwabaye-miss-rwanda-1992-yishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi/</ref>byamuhesheje agaciro byatumye amenya agaciro kiwe , byatumye akomeza kuba umwali ukwiriye u [[Rwanda]] n’ubu aracyabyitirirwa. aracyitirirwa Nyampinga w’u [[Rwanda]] akaba ari naryo shema nanubu afite, nta nyungu akurikiranye cyane ariko agaciro gakomeye afite n’uko yahagarariye u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uwera-dalila-wabaye-miss-rwanda-mu-1994-ntiyumva-neza-impamvu-adahabwa-agaciro</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 8kvc014cdz2bndywt7d1w2oe2xj3krh 0 10286 83243 83241 2022-05-10T09:48:34Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nyampinga w'u [[Rwanda]] watowe bwa mbere ni Nubuhoro Jeanne atorerwa muri hoteri meridien ubu yahindutse Marasa Umubano mu 1991 akaba yarishwe muri genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Yaje gusimburwa na [[Uwera dalila|Uwera Dalila]] watowe mu kuboza mu 1993 agomba kuba Nyampinga w'u Rwanda mu 1994 akaba ari nawe wamenyekanye cyane akaba kuri ubu aba mu gihugu cy'ububiligi.[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda]] == Amateka == Nubuhoro Jeanne ni we wabitswe Ikamba ryambere mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1991 mu birori byabereye kuri Hotel Meridien [ubu basigaye bayita Umubano Hotel]. Icyo gihe Nubuhoro Jeanne atorwa yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye mu ishuri rya G.S.N.D.B.C Mucyigo cyi Byumba. Uyu mukobwa ise yari Munyankindi Jean na Nyiramadadari Mediatrice, bari batuye i Ndera ari naho bamwiciye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/fr/Miss_Rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7372/MISS-RWANDA-Amateka-ntavuga-rumwe-ku-wabaye-Nyampinga-wa-mbere-mu-Rwanda</ref> == Icyo Musaza we Amuvugaho == Aragira ati : 1992 bimaze gukomera Hano mu Rwanda , aho byaribikomeye batangiye guterwa grenade,avuga ko mushiki we na nyina bagiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]], barahunze bagezeyo biberayo. Yagezeyo ajya no mu irushanwa rya Nyampinga wo mmugihugu cyuburundi , yaje muri batatu ba mbere, sinzi niba yarabaye igisonga cya kangahe ariko ari muri batatu ba mbere.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/nubuhoro-jeanne-nyampinga-wa-mbere-w-u-rwanda-utari-uzwi?url_reload=13&debut_forum=50</ref>Yongeraho ati “Icyo gihe habaye ibibazo bya ba Ndadaye bagaruka mu Rwanda, Jenoside yabaye batashye. Nubuhoro na mama babiciye i Ndera muri Caraes, yiciwe rimwe na murumuna wanjye witwaga Jean Fidèle Mutaganira na Paulina Mutesi, abo bavandimwe banjye bari muri ba bandi basizwe n’abasirikare b’abazungu nyuma interahamwe zirabica.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/7372/MISS-RWANDA-Amateka-ntavuga-rumwe-ku-wabaye-Nyampinga-wa-mbere-mu-Rwanda</ref> == Urupfu yapfuye rwagashinyaguro == Mudahunga Jean Marie ari we Musaza Wa miss wa mbere Wu [[Rwanda]] avuga ko [[Rwanda|Miss]] Nubuhoro Jeanne yishwe nabi urupfu rubabaje ndetse rw’agashinyaguro muri Jenoside, ngo mu makuru nu buhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokokeye i Ndera hari abahamya ko interahamwe zavanye uyu mukobwa mu bandi zimukorera iyicarubozo. Ngo interahamwe zamujombaguraga ibyuma zikanamubwira zimwishongoraho ko ‘ari we Nyampinga w’u Rwanda.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/nubuhoro-jeanne-nyampinga-wa-mbere-w-u-rwanda-utari-uzwi?url_reload=13&debut_forum=50</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nubuhoro_Jeanne}} ian5vkel2yh85uolflrelrvxmoni511 0 10287 82815 2022-05-03T18:50:32Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Yvonne ni umunyarwandakazi w'imyaka 28 ukorwa umwuga wo gutwara imodoka nini zivana ibintu hanze zibizna mu Rwanda r41jsf2hmo0weh86tunjjfhjxnrrrx9 0 10288 82817 82816 2022-05-03T20:44:31Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIBWA BWITE == '''ZANINKA''' Amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Mukarubayiza Drocella'''. Ni umubyeyi w'imyaka 60 y'amavuko akaba afite ndetse abana 6 , abakobwa 3 n'abahungu 3 hamwe n'abuzukuru 6, umukuru muribo afite imyaka 15 y'amavuko. Uyu ni umukinnyi wo mu ikinamico "'''Musekeweya'''" ndtse nizindi nyinshi harimo iyitwa "I'''ntabwe Idasobanya'''" kuko yatangiye gukina ikinamico kuva kera.<ref>https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/05/13/musekeweya-ishuri-rya-bose-ridasaba-minerivari/</ref> === IBINDI KURI WE === '''Zaninka''' Mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi ni umuntu woroherana kdi ugerageze kubana naburi wese, ni umu[[Ubukirisitu|kristo]] w'umuvugabutumwa urimo no kwiga theologie. Zaninka akunda kurya ibiribwa gakondo.ku kinjyanye n'ibinyobwa yagize ati " Nkunda [[Amazina nyarwanda|amazi]] n'[[icyayi]]"<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-byinshi-kuri-zaninka-wo-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-wigeze-no-gukina-akarira</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== diz68wm8fdr98nu4lqlnh6e89kyumd8 0 10289 82846 82821 2022-05-04T10:34:44Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Apotre Mignone''' Ubundi ababyeyi be bamwise '''UMUNEZERO Alice''' ariko baza kumuhimba '''Mignone''' riza no kumufata riba ari ryo rimenyekana cyane. Yavukiye i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aranahakurira kuko ariho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye. Apotre Mignone Uyu muvugabutumwa bwiza bwa [[Ubukirisitu|Kristo]] ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu 3 yibyariye ndetse n'anadi benshi arera nkuko abyivugira.niwe wantangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n'urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church. Akaba ari umugore wa KABERA Eric.<ref>https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/</ref> === IBIHEMBO YABONYE === Apote Mignone Akaba yarahawe udushimye hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi, hari nkaho yahawe igihembo cya "'''Sifa Award'''" muri muri compasiyo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/42042/women-foundation-ministries-noble-family-church-ku-nshuro-ya-gatanu-yateguye-umunsi-wo-gushima-imana-thanksgivig-in-action-2012--42042.html</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== dgz8oysf1znzxscmi4vlep8t1znjknv 0 10290 82823 82822 2022-05-04T00:23:38Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwemarika Felicite.png|thumb|Rwemalika Felicite]] Rwemalika Felicite yavutse ku ya 9 werurwe 1958 avukira mu Rwanda kandi yabaye [[:en:Felicite_Rwemarika|umunyamuryango]] wa IOC kuva mu 2018. [[:en:Felicite_Rwemarika|Niwe muvugizi mukuru]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicite_Rwemarika</ref> wa kaminuza y'Abanyamerika ya Nijeriya ku bumwe n'ubwiyunge binyuze [https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwemalika-felicite-yavuze-ku-kongera-kwiyamamariza-kuyobora-ferwafa muri siporo]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/rwemalika-felicite-yavuze-ku-kongera-kwiyamamariza-kuyobora-ferwafa</ref> Kandi ku rwego rw'Akarere ni Perezida w'Inama y'Abagore kandi ku rwego rw'Igihugu ategura amahugurwa hagamijwe gukangurira no guteza imbere siporo nk'igikoresho gikomeye cyo kubaka amahoro, gukemura amakimbirane, uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye mu bukungu. == Reba aha == obhl3pem4aqs7hdjn0di4u0dznp61zl 0 10291 82826 2022-05-04T06:55:15Z 154.117.219.38 Not wikitext text/x-wiki ´´ Uj’a mushamba utazi ugacha inkoni utazi ´´ NYEZA ZABDIEL Prince eln76hasnskj8fgs7n38mux9iov82md 0 10292 82828 2022-05-04T08:28:52Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Abayo Yvette Sandrine ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'ubunyamakuru bwibanda ku myidagaduro lpvyd37rxzzgode36bnz2zvluc5w0jl 0 10293 82831 2022-05-04T09:08:30Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Dr Bayisenge Jeannette]] to [[Bayisenge Jeannette]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bayisenge Jeannette]] i6b0c2ztch1cyopgow3yrouohhk0hd2 0 10294 82833 2022-05-04T09:09:30Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Neza (singer)]] to [[Neza Patricia Masozera]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Neza Patricia Masozera]] bbcl000ug5y2hpr06a636oa0ibmfw5l 0 10295 82835 2022-05-04T09:10:23Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Rwakazina marie Chantal]] to [[Rwakazina Marie Chantal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rwakazina Marie Chantal]] cmejr2qzdlu2311j5qb6kxo2htc936x 0 10296 82837 2022-05-04T09:10:49Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Umuziranenge blandine]] to [[Umuziranenge Blandine]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umuziranenge Blandine]] 65f0y7iven68lk3ga106i2pmbu4zm9x 0 10297 82839 2022-05-04T09:11:45Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Mukunsanga Salima]] to [[Mukansanga Salima]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mukansanga Salima]] gz4jtj1dta905cic5iaseyke3endhj5 0 10298 82840 2022-05-04T09:13:48Z Germain92 9488 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nirere Ruth wamamaye cyane mu [[Rwanda]] nka Miss Chanelle wakunzwe cyane mu [[Rwanda]] no hanze yarwo yamamaye ahagana muwi 1998 yamamaye cyane kundirimbo ye yise Ndarota yagiye akorana nabahanzi batandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] na [[Kenya]] nahandi == Amateka == umuhanzi kazi ndetse akaba n' icyamamare mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze yaro uzwi nka Miss Chanelle<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/audios/artist/270/Miss-Shanel.html</ref> amazina ye nyakuri yitwa NIRERE RUTH yamamaye cyane mu mwaka wi 1998 ubwo yari akiri muto cyane ariko afite ijwi rihebuje yamamaye cyane kundirimbo ye NDAROTA gusa siyo gusa kuko na nyuma yaho yagiye akora izindi nyinshi zitandukanye harimo nizo kwibuka zaremaga agatima abasigajwe iheruheru na [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] muwi 1994 mata. Miss Chanelle kandi yagiye akora injyana nyishi zitandukanye harimo nk'izizwi na Zouk, acoustic, R&B nizindi<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/miss-chanel-yatangaje-ko-atazi-indirimbo-za-urban-boys-ndetse-na-dream-boys</ref> == Ibindi bikorwa == Nirere Ruth wa mamaye nka Miss Chanelle ntago yahagaritse umuziki we ahubwo yakomeje kwigarura imitima yabenshi mu [[Rwanda]] ubwo mu mwaka wa 2009 yashyiraga ahagaragara Album ye yambere yise NARROW ROAD iyi Album yari yiganjeho indirimbo ze nyinci zibandaga kumuziki wu [[Rwanda]] cyari igitaramo cyanyuze benshi mubakunzi be cyane cyane abari [[Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]]. si ibyo gusa kuko iyi Album yariho indirimbo nyinshi yakoranye nabahanzi batandukanye bo mu [[Rwanda]] no mukarere nka [[Uganda|UGANDA]], [[Kenya|KENYA]] nabandi. sibyo gusa kandi Chanelle mu mwaka wa 2012 yakoreye ibitaramo bitandukanye muri [[Sudani|SUDAN]] murwego rwo kunezeza ingabo zu [[Rwanda]] zari mubutumwa bw' amahoro muri icyo gihugu. Chanelle kandi muri 2013 yimukiye mugihugu cy'[[Ubufaransa]] aho byavuzweko agiye gusoza amashuri ye mubijyanye n'amajwi mu mwaka wa 2017 miss Chanelle yagaragaye muri filimi bise MERCY OF THE JUNGLE hamwe na Marc Zinga ndetse na Stephane Bak yakozwe Karekezi Joel. Chanelle kandi ageze mu Bufaransa nibwo yibarutse Imfuraye ubwo byari ibicika kumbuga nkoranyamba kubera amafoto yari yashyize hanze agaragaza inda atwitse yayambitse ubusa .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65418/benshi-bahaye-urwanyo-miss-shanel-kubera-gushyira-hanze-amafoto-y-inda-atwite-yayambitse-ubusa-65418.html</ref> == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Miss Chanelle yagiye atwara ibihembo byinshi bitandukanye muribyo harimo nkibyo bita [[African Jim|Preal of Africa Music Award]] aho byari ibyishimo kuriwe nabakunzibe kuko yabitwaye inshuro eshatu zikurikiranye (3) muri 2006,2007,2008 ariwe wegukana icyo gihembo cya [[African Wildlife Foundation|Preal of Africa Music Award.]] muri 2009 kandi nabwo yatwaye igihembo cya salax Award cy'umugore w'umuhanzi wahize abandi mu [[Rwanda]] == Reba == t4c9kz12jwfimkqwu049ucjc32x6nn9 0 10299 82842 2022-05-04T09:14:56Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Kalimpinya QUEEN]] to [[Kalimpinya Queen]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kalimpinya Queen]] rwve9bjvtok5m9arunz1psi2w6uc44u 0 10300 82844 2022-05-04T09:18:00Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Rwanyindo kayirangwa fanfan]] to [[Rwanyindo Kayirangwa Fanfan]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rwanyindo Kayirangwa Fanfan]] 8jozaqup9dxoc0vqqtdwkd9e6t5gywi 0 10301 82845 2022-05-04T09:35:59Z Nishimirwe 10326 #WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Assoumpta Abayezu ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'itangazamakuru kuri radio na television 31c4r5mihw5l0txhkucltwc4anmpnqy 0 10302 82849 82848 2022-05-04T10:51:25Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Miss peace Ndaruhutse Kwizera umunyarwandakazi witabira irushanwa ryubwiza mu Rwanda mu mwaka 2016 akegukana ikamba ryigisonga cyambere ,numukobwa uhiga abandi mumafoto nyuma yoguhatana nabakobwa benshi bari bitabiriye irushanwa akabahiga muruwo mwaka nanone yitabiriye irushanwa ryitwa naiades ryahurizagahamwe ibihugu byafurika aho yegukanye ikamba nyuma yoguhiga abakobwa bahagarariye ibihugu byabo muri Afrika.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/205337</ref> 0h89y5ys9raicpc5fayfp9avawcisdc 0 10303 82851 2022-05-04T11:17:05Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Fiona Mutoni umunyarwandakazi witabiriye irushanwa ry'ubwiza mu Rwanda mu mwaka 2015 akegukana ikamba ryigisonga cyagatatu ,muri 2017 yitabiriye Miss Africa atsindira<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/fiona-muthoni-yabaye-uwa-kabiri-muri-miss-africa-2017-amafoto</ref> ikamba ryigisonga cyambere 6vxrvdfpu6k30c4gh5qptjwe5jkyoc7 0 10304 83270 82853 2022-05-10T14:14:33Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aisa Cyiza''' ni umunyakuru kuri Royal FM ubusanzwe akora ikiganiro kitwa AM to PM gitangira saa tanu z'amanywa kugeza saa munani z'umugoroba akaba akundwa nabatari bake kubera ijwi rye. Aisa Cyiza yatangiye umwuga w'itangazamakuru muri 2012 ubu maze imyaka irindwi awukora ni umunyamakuru wavutse mu 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Twaganiriye n’umunyamakuru Aissa Cyiza wakuze ashaka kuba umunyapolitike ukomeye aduhishurira byinshi ku buzima bwe bwite-VIDEO - Inyarwanda.com|url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87773/twaganiriye-numunyamakuru-aissa-cyiza-wakuze-ashaka-kuba-umunyapolitike-ukomeye-aduhishuri-87773.html|website=inyarwanda.com|access-date=2022-05-04|language=en|first=Emmy|last=Nsengiyumva}}</ref>Aisa Cyiza ni umunyamakuru wamenyakanye cyane ubwo yakoraga kuri radio Isango Star, kuri ubu akaba ari kubarizwa kuri Royal FM aho ari gukorera ikiganiro Roya Drive na MC Tino wavuye kuri KFM kikaba ari ikiganiro gikunzwe nabantu benshi bakurikira iyi Radiyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ku munsi we w’amavuko Aissa Cyiza yatunguriwe n’abafana ku kazi agakora asize ifu–Amafoto +Video - Inyarwanda.com|url=https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71397/ku-munsi-we-w-amavuko-aissa-cyiza-yatunguriwe-n-abafana-ku-k-71397.html|website=inyarwanda.com|access-date=2022-05-04|language=en|first=Emmy|last=Nsengiyumva}}</ref> == Ishakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 4tovuj3d1bm45qdp18btezza3qmt9j5 14 10305 82854 2022-05-04T11:45:36Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro kigenewe abanyamakuru b'umwuga. j2xofh6672949dj8lqjh1aauhxfv4zr 0 10307 82858 82857 2022-05-04T12:38:35Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Uwamaliya Immaculee''' ni umwe mu babikira w'ihaye [[Imana]], tuzi ku mazina ya '''Soeur Immaculee''', yavutse itariki 7 ukuboza 1970 avukira mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Akarere ka nyarugenge]] mu mugi wa [[Kigali]]. Akaba yarafashe iki cyemezo cyo kwiha Imana mu bihe bikomeye, kuko iki gitekerezo yakigize mu 1992, yari arangije amashuri yisumbuye, afite n'[[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akaz]]<nowiki/>i.<ref>https://inkanga.com/ubuhamya-bukomeye-bwa-sr-immaculee-ati-ninjiye-mu-kibikira-nari-mfite-abansaba-kuba-fiancee-nigeze-no-gushaka-ku-kivamo-bwakoze-benshi-ku-mitima/</ref> === AMASHURI YIZE. === '''Soeur Immaculee''' yize muri APACOPE amashuri yisumbuye y'imyaka 3 rusange, Akomereza muri Saint Aloys i Rwamagana yiga ibijyanye ni baruramari. Arangije kwiga yakoze muri MINFOP, ubu ni MIFOTRA , Soeur Uwamaliya Immaculee ubu akaba ari umuyobizi w'ikigo cy'amashuri yisumbuye i Kansi mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'amajyepho]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Akaba yarashinze umuryango "'''Famille Esperance'''" (FAES) mugucyemura ibibazo byugarije ingo n'iterambere ryazo.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/gushyingiranwa-ni-umuhamagaro-w-imana-soeur-immaculee-uwamariya</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-50864873</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== 5kwx9oi0ac5etdx1q43wwfg2u13pwhc 0 10308 82859 2022-05-04T13:25:11Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umubyeyi Sharifa ni rwiyemezamirimo w'umunyarwandakazi ukora inkweto yagize igitekerezo cyo kwikorera nyuma yuko atakaje akazi kubera COVID 19 muri guma murugo niho yabonye umwanya wo gutekereza ikindi cyintu yakora cyamubyarira inyungu kurubu akaba afite inzu ikora inkweto yitwa Ceka uburyo ikoramo umukiriya yerekana inkweto ashaka bakazimukorera cyangwa bagahimba nizindi. Umubyeyi nyuma yo gushinga Ceka ikorera i gikondo yashatse abari basanzwe badoda inkweto kumuhanda arabatoza batangira gukorana kinyamwuga kurubu Umubyeyi avugako bahisemo kujya bakora inkweto abakiriya bashaka kugirango borohereze abajya kuzigura hanze.<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/gutakaza-akazi-muri-covid-19-byatumye-umubyeyi-atangira-gukora-inkweto-za-ceka</ref>Umubyeyi akomeza avugako imbogamizi zihari ari ukugera kubantu bataba muri kigali kandi umwihariko wizi nkweto nuko zitandukanye nizisanzwe kw'isoko zikaba zigura hagati 14000 Rwfkugeza kuri 20000 Rwf iz'abagore naho iz'abagabo ni 20000 Rwf kugeza 30000 Rwf.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/footwear-makers-starting-business-during-pandemic</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] ni5au185z1sfovydxl9b1kyj8iadv0q 0 10309 83177 82863 2022-05-09T06:22:39Z Andre Engels 106 copied from [[Kamikazi Liza]], original author [[User:Giseletuy]] wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhire Solange wamyekanye nka Liza Kamikazi mu muziki [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] ni umuhanzikazi watangiye aririmba indirimbo zisanzwe( secular music) nyuma akaza kwinjira mu kuririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/liza-kamikazi-yakoze-indirimbo-ifite-umwihariko-mu-rugendo-rw-umuziki-amazemo</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/umuziki-wampaye-umugabo-sinawureka-liza-kamikazi</ref> == Amashuri yize == Liza Kamikazi yize muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] i Huye mu ishami ry'itangazamakuru aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami ry' itangazamakuru.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66058/urutonde-rw-abaririmbyi-20-b-abanyarwanda-babashije-kwigonde-66058.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Kamikazi ni umubyeyi w'abana batatu akaba afite umugabo bahuriye mu mwuga w'ubuhanzi aho uwo mugabo yatangiye amufasha mu miririmbire gusa amwigisha uko aririmba neza ariko biza kuvamo urukundo baza kubaka umuryango.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/umuziki-wampaye-umugabo-sinawureka-liza-kamikazi</ref> Liza yaje kwegurira ubuzima bwe Yesu Kristo arakizwa yinjira mukuririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana.<ref>https://agakiza.org/Ubuhamya-Nyuma-yo-kwiyegurira-Kristo-Liza-Kamikazi-aratekanye.html</ref> == Umwuga == Liza yatangiye umwuga w'ubuhanzi mu myaka 17 ishize aho yatangiye aririmba indirimbo zisanzwe zakunzwe cyane , amaze gukizwa nibwo yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana nazo zakunzwe cyane,<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/gospel/article/liza-kamikazi-yakoze-indirimbo-ifite-umwihariko-mu-rugendo-rw-umuziki-amazemo</ref> Liza afatanya ubuhanzi n'itangazamakuru aho akora kuri televisiyo y'u Rwanda agakora ikiganiro cya gikiristitu kitwa " umutima ku mutima" ( Heart to Heart).<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108010/liza-kamikazi-agiye-gutangira-gukora-kuri-televiziyo-yu-rwanda-108010.html</ref> == Amashakiro == 8az7qqwm7s9d5bz6v4jzbbw807fp8dx 0 10310 83005 83003 2022-05-06T11:52:34Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* Ubumenyi */ #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Mahoro Gerardine umuyobozi wa Act05 == Mahoro Gerardine ni [[Itabi|Umunyarwandakazi]] utuye mu bufaransa, n' umujyamama akaba n' umuyobozi mukuru wa Act05 , afite uburambe bukomeye ku mishinga yo murwego rwo hejuru haba mu bikorera ndetse no munzego za leta. Mahoro kandi avuga ko aringomwa gushimangira amahirwe k'uruhande rw'[[afurika]] y'uburengerazuba, akaba yarashyizeho igikorwa cya ACT05 gihereza guverinoma, ubucuruzi ndetse n'abayobozi n'abinzego. Mahoro Gerardine akaba yatowe muri 30 ,abayobozi bato bari munsi y'imyaka 40 bingenzi mukazoza k'afurika na fondasiyo y'ubufaransa hamwe na Perezida Emmanuel Macron hamwe na Nana Akufo-oddo endosementi , yatorewe kandi kuba Umuyobozi w'ihuriro rya Montana muri Afurika 2019_2022 kubera ibikorwa bye byo kunoza ingamba z'ubufatanye bw'[[afurika]] n'uburayi, akaba ari umufatanye bikorwa n'ibihugu 19 bya afurika ndetse n'ibihugu 3 by'iburayi. == Ubumenyi == . Gutunganya ibikorwa by'ubukungu no kubikurikirana . ingamba n'ubufasha mu bikorwa byo gukora . ubushakashatsi<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/g%C3%A9rardinemahoro</ref><ref>https://www.financialafrik.com/2021/10/26/gerardine-mahoro-au-sommet-afrique-france-de-montpellier-le-socio-culturel-la-emporte-sur-leconomie/</ref><ref>https://act05.com</ref> == Amashakiro == r8z5h69yi14ad5z3z4w8hmyu09zacmn 0 10311 82865 2022-05-04T13:58:23Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Akacu lynca umunyarwandkazi w'imyaka 23 wabaye igisonga cya kabiri mu mwaka 2015.<ref>https://hose.rw/akacu-lynca-wabaye-igisonga-cya-kabiri-cya-miss-rwanda-2015-yasezeranye-numukunzi-we-imbere-yamategeko-amafoto/</ref> i191ywqttkw8ghaq5ck9uwclinw26ug 0 10312 83178 83060 2022-05-09T06:23:03Z Andre Engels 106 Redirected page to [[Liza Kamikazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Liza Kamikazi]] h04kt653549czff79riy0n5pscxmffx 0 10313 82875 82870 2022-05-04T14:14:46Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Urubyiruko Kurinda Ibidukikije Nuburenganzira Bwamuntu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urubyiruko Kurinda Ibidukikije Nuburenganzira Bwamuntu]] p3p4ocjx619oil369qalh7n09szyamo 0 10314 82872 2022-05-04T14:11:59Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Urubyiruko Mugusigasira Ibidukikije Nuberenganzira Bwamuntu]] to [[Urubyiruko Kurinda Ibidukikije Nuburenganzira Bwamuntu]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Urubyiruko Kurinda Ibidukikije Nuburenganzira Bwamuntu]] p3p4ocjx619oil369qalh7n09szyamo 0 10315 82874 2022-05-04T14:14:38Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Waste management and biodiversity]] to [[Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kubungabunga Ibinyabuzima]] s01qqvneiigotk92xy1xvbda6w6m0nr 0 10316 82876 2022-05-04T14:20:17Z Nicole uwase 10330 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Diana Kamugisha umuhanzikazi nyarwanda w'imyaka 42 uririmba indirimbo ziramya imana ,mu mwaka 2015 yitabiriye groove awards (irushanwa ngaruka mwaka rishyingikira abahanzi baririmba indirimbo ziramya imana) aho yegukanye igihembo cy'umuhanzikazi mwiza mw'irushanwa mugihe byagaragaraga kohari icyuho mugitsina gore cyitabira irushanwa. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/75356/aime-uwimana-diana-kamugisha-na-israel-mbonyi-bizihije-isabu-75356.html</ref> q7fn1a441f0g9z1u6v8hy1mr1kyianl 0 10317 83321 83320 2022-05-11T09:49:31Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irene Ingabire''' '''Kamanzi''' uzwi kw'izina ry'ubuhanzi nka Gaby Kamanzi (wavutse 1981) n'umunyarwandakazi uririmba indirimbo ziramya [[Imana]] .<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/gaby-kamanzi-w-imyaka-36-yasubije-abarambiwe-no-kuba-atarashaka-umugabo</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Gaby Kamanzi yavukiye i Lubumbashi muntara ya Katanga muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] mumuryango w'abana batandatu<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umuhanzi-windirimbo-zihimbaza-imana-gaby-kamanzi-wimyaka-40-yamavuko-yasabye-abantu-kureka-gukomeza-kumushyira-ku-gitutu-kuko-igihe-cyo-gushaka-umugabo-kitaragera/</ref> akaba ari umwana wa karindwi akaba yaratangiye kugaragaza impano yo kuririmba ubwo yigaga mukigo cy'ishuri cya St Esprit giherereye mu karere ka Nyanza mu 1997 muri Singiza Ministries nyuma yo kwakira agakiza <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/gaby-kamanzi-asaba-ko-abantu-bamukuraho-igitutu-cyo-gushaka-umugabo-video</ref> == Urugendo rwe mumuziki == Gaby Kamanzi ufite izina rikomeye mumuziki wo kuramya no guhimbaza [[Imana]] mu [[Rwanda]] benshi bakunze kumwita Malayika wa Gospel muri 2021 akaba yarasohoye album(alubumu) yise Emmanuel. Inzu imutunganyiriza umuziki ikaba yitwa Moriah Entertainment akaba yaravukiye mumuryango w'abahanzi harimo se umubyara, Nyina na murumuna we Pastor Lysette Karasira, Gaby Kamanzi akaba yaramenyekanye mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no mukarere k'ibiyaga bigari kubera ubuhanga bwe bw'ijwi no kuyobora abandi mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza [[Imana]] avugako mubahanzi bo hanze y'u [[Rwanda]] akunda cyane harimo umunya Austraria Darlene Zschech ndetse n'umunye [[Kongo]] Amanda Malela.<ref>https://agakiza.org/Gaby-Kamanzi-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Emmanuel.html</ref> Gaby Kamanzi akaba yaramenyekanye cyane mundirimbo yitwa amahoro akaba amaze no gutwara ibihembo bitandukanye hano mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no hanze nka Salax, Groove Awards<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/64416/gaby-kamanzi-yujuje-imyaka-34-y-amavuko-menya-ikintu-kimubabaza-cyane-mu-buzima-64416.html</ref> ndetse na Sifa Rewards.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72050/gaby-kamanzi-yahigiye-imana-umuhigo-nyuma-y-ibihembo-2-bikom-72050.html</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] s3go16r1t7wspdmn3n8845exlda30t3 0 10318 82880 2022-05-04T15:33:43Z Camilopiz 9834 Created page with "== Gupfa kw'Amafi == Gupfa kw’amafi biterwa no kwivangavanga kw’amazi mu kiyaga guterwa n’imvura iba imaze iminsi igwa, hanyuma amazi akanduzwa n’ibimera byo mu mazi bisanzwe biba mu ndiba y’ikiyaga, byagabanyije umwuka usanzwe uhumekwa n’amafi. Amasoko ya kareremba yazibye kubera urubobi rwo mu mazi n’indi myanda ituruka ku biryo bisigara bagaburira amafi, bituma ihinduranya ry’amazi muri kareremba rigabanuka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubw..." wikitext text/x-wiki == Gupfa kw'Amafi == Gupfa kw’amafi biterwa no kwivangavanga kw’amazi mu kiyaga guterwa n’imvura iba imaze iminsi igwa, hanyuma amazi akanduzwa n’ibimera byo mu mazi bisanzwe biba mu ndiba y’ikiyaga, byagabanyije umwuka usanzwe uhumekwa n’amafi. Amasoko ya kareremba yazibye kubera urubobi rwo mu mazi n’indi myanda ituruka ku biryo bisigara bagaburira amafi, bituma ihinduranya ry’amazi muri kareremba rigabanuka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubworozi/article/rwamagana-amafi-menshi-mu-kiyaga-cya-muhazi-yapfuye</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == Umwe muborozi bororera mukiyaga cya kareremba yapfushije amafi afite agaciro k'amafranga angana na miriyoni zisaga 270 kubera gupfa kw'amafi. Ubu bworozi bw'amafi muri kareremba Mukiyaga cya Muhazi,abakozi bagaragazako kutariki ya 25 Kamena bwatangiye guhura n'ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka bituma bituma amafi ageze igihe cyo kurobwa angana n'ibihumbi 180 apfira rimwe<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/107215/ya-mafi-yapfiriye-mu-kiyaga-cya-muhazi-yateje-rwiyemezamirimo-umwe-igihombo-cya-miliyoni-h-107215.html</ref>.Abanyarwanda bose muri rusange baributswa ko kirazira/bibujijwe kurya amafi yipfushije. == Ibindi wasoma == cm5i3pjp6n5zp03gdvixivqdql84n6c 0 10319 82947 82946 2022-05-05T18:07:47Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Ingabire Assumpata]] to [[Ingabire Assumpta]] wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ingabire Assumpta.jpg|thumb|Ingabire Assumpta Ushinzwe Imibereho myiza y'Abaturage]] == Amakuru == Ingabire Assumpata ni Umunyarwandakazi w'umunya politike. ni umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. == Ibyamuranze == Yahoze ari umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango kuva tariki 27 Ukwakira mu mwaka 2019.Assumpta Ingabire warahiriye kuba umunyamabaga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage muri MINALOC tariki 05 Ugushyingo 2021, yashimiye Perezida wa Repubulika ku cyizere yamugiriye akamuha inshingano nshya, avuga ko ari amahirwe kuba hari byinshi igihugu kimaze kugeraho kuko ari umusingi mwiza agiye kubakiraho umusanzu we mu kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/assumpta-ingabire-wasimbuye-ignatienne-nyirarukundo-muri-minaloc-yabwiwe-ko-inshingano-yahawe-zikomeye</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == shudfipo8emfxzwegkpegaqyekdqqg0 0 10320 83610 82943 2022-05-15T15:17:38Z Puerta25 10599 /* Urugendo Mu miyoborero. */ Ibirambuye wikitext text/x-wiki == Amavuka. == Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza wavutse taliki 25 Nyakanga 1963 Rugwabiza Umunyarwandakazi umunyapolitiki uhagarariye uRwanda mu muryango Wabibumbye kuva muri 2016( united nations).<ref>https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sga2101.doc.htm</ref> == Ubwene gihugu. == Rwanda. == Umwuga. == Ubucuruzi bwumwuga.<ref>https://www.un.org/press/en/2022/sga2101.doc.htm</ref> == Icyo Akora. == Ahagarariye u[[Rwanda]] bihorano muri United Notion.<ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/valentine-rugwabiza</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite. == Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza washakanye na John Paulin Sendanyoye. Amashuri. Rugwabiza wabonye impanya bushobozi yo kiciro cya Mbere ni cyakabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye nubukungu yavanye muri kaminuza nkuru ya zayire (National University of Zaire). == Ubumenyi mundimi. == Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza Umunyarwandakazi uvuga indimi Enye arizo Ikinyarwanda, Igiswahili, Icyongereza ni Gifaransa.<ref>https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/secretary-general-appoints-ms-valentine-rugwabiza-rwanda-special-representative-central-african-0</ref> == Urugendo Mu miyoborero. == Rugwabiza kuva 2005 kugeza 2013 Yari umuyobozi wikigo cy'isi mubucurizi world trade organization (WTO). kuva 2014 kugeza 2016 Rugwabiza Yari Minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa byumuryango wibihugu by'Africa y'iburasirazuba.<ref><nowiki>https://minusca.unmissions.org/en/secretary-general-appoints-ms-valentine-rugwabiza-rwanda-special-representative-central-african-0</nowiki></ref> == Ibirambuye. == t2blafzyvss3i96dz3trjqe65rc6ppm 0 10321 83489 83317 2022-05-14T04:06:40Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Esther Mujawayo.jpg|thumb|Umwanditsi Esther Mujawayo,]] '''Esther Mujawayo''' (wavutse 1958) ni umusociologue [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] akaba na psychotherapiste . Yarokotse Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994, ariko yayiburiyemo abantu benshi bo mu muryango we. <ref name="gibbons">https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZnBwAAQBAJ</ref> Ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo byinshi. Mu 1994, yashinze ''Ishyirahamwe ry'abapfakazi ba Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]'' .<ref>https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/home/featureevents/2015/esther-mujawayo-a-survivor-of-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi,-author-and-co-founder-of-avega.aspx</ref> <ref name="geneva">https://archive.is/20150424192913/http://www.genevasummit.org/speaker/14/esther_mujawayo</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza muri psychologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya East Anglia mu 1997. <ref>https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/region-s-successes-set-to-inspire-next-generation-at-uea-graduation</ref><ref>https://www.dw.com/en/rwandan-genocide-survivor-helping-refugees-heal-we-can-grow-from-trauma/a-44658865</ref> * == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abaganga]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 8069z631ce687zem5mef98dswd3olip 0 10322 83039 82892 2022-05-06T15:53:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Godelieve Mukasarasi.jpg|thumb|'''Godeliève Mukasarasi''']] '''Godeliève Mukasarasi''' (wavutse 1959) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] uharanira imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'icyaro . <ref name="RD">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Human_Rights_and_Democratic_Development</ref> Yashinze umuryango Sevota kugirango abapfakazi abahuze n'abana babo nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]]. <ref>https://sevota.org/</ref> Muri 2018 yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'abagore bakoze ibikorwa by'ubutwari. == Amavu n'amavuko == Mukasarasi yavukiye i Gitarama, mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]], ari naho yagiye gukora nk'umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] muri 1994, yashinze itsinda ryitwa SEVOTA, itsinda rishinzwe gufasha abapfakazi n'imfubyi kugira ngo bateze imbere uburenganzira bwabo mu mibereho n'ubukungu. <ref name="RD" /> Uyu muryango ushimangira ko hashyirwaho "ahantu hizewe" ibiganiro byabacitse ku icumu no kwidagadura ku bana, bibanze cyane kuri komini ya Taba . <ref name="RD" /> <ref>https://www.un.org/preventgenocide/rwanda/photogal/godelieve/dest/pages/n_.shtml</ref> Muri 1996, umugabo we, Emmanuel Rudasingwa n'umukobwa we bishwe n'umutwe witwaje intwaro. Mu buhamya yatanze kubashinzwe iperereza ku burenganzira bwa muntu, Mukasarasi yavuze ko icyo gitero cyatewe nabari barahunze igihugu, mu rwego rwo kwihorera ku biganiro umugabo we yagiranye n'abahagarariye urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="Walsh">https://web.archive.org/web/20111004023803/http://www.womensrightscoalition.org/site/advocacyDossiers/rwanda/witnessProtection/report_en.php</ref> . Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'abagore bakoze ibikorwa by'ubutwari. <ref>https://td.usembassy.gov/2018-international-women-courage-award-recipients/</ref> == Kumenyekana == [[Dosiye:Godelieve Mukasarasi speaks at IWOC 2018.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi avuga ijambo muri IWOC 2018]] Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byatsindiye ibindi bihembo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Mu Kwakira 1996, yahawe igihembo cyo guhanga ihuriro ry'abagore mu buzima bwo mu cyaro na Fondation y'abagore ku isi, <ref>http://www.woman.ch/june09/women/laureates00-94/1996-MukasarasiGodelieve.pdf</ref> kandi yahawe igihembo cya Nzambazamariya Vénéranda, igihembo cyo mu [[Rwanda]] ku muntu ku giti cye uteza imbere isura nziza ku bagore. Mu 2004, yahawe igihembo cy’ubwisanzure cya John Humphrey cy’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu n’iterambere rya demokarasi, yaje kugihabwa n’amafaranga $ 30 000 kandi yemerera Mukasarasi kujya gutembera mu mijyi yo muri [[Kanada]] kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo we. <ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20110426003333/http://www.ichrdd.ca/site/humphrey_award/index.php?subsection=&lang=en</ref> Umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi ya Centre, Kathleen Mahoney, mu itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru yavuze ko “kubera ubutwari bwe, ishyaka rye ndetse n'ubwitange bwe butajegajega, [Mukasarasi] yashoboye kugirirwa icyizere n'abahohotewe ku ngufu n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, cyane cyane abagore banduye virusi itera SIDA. -AIDS, maze abafasha byinshi harimo no gufasha abo bagore kubona ubutabera<ref name=":0" />. " Odina Desrochers yashimye Mukasarasi mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Kanada]] mu izina rya Bloc Québécois kubera uruhare yagize mu gucecekesha no kwandika ibyaha by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina akabishyikiriza urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u [[Rwanda]]. " <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odina_Desrochers</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 65tzkkkeja1oy6mj1vuox17kq9ob716 0 10323 82894 82893 2022-05-04T21:19:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelly Mukazayire''', ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umuyobozi wa Leta wa '''Biro y’amasezerano y’u Rwanda cg Rwanda Convention Bureau''', ishami [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ry’Inama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref>Mbere y’ibyo, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, mu biro bya perezida w’u [[Rwanda]]. Kandi mbere yibyo, yari umujyanama mukuru w'umuyobozi mukuru mubiro bya perezida. Mbere yuko agera mu biro bya perezida, yabaye umushakashatsi wa politiki mu ishami ry'ubukungu mu biro bya minisitiri w’intebe. <ref name="2R">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/pdf/rwanda_programme_2016_7april_final.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == Nelly Mukazayire yavutse ku babyeyi b'Abanyarwanda mu [[Rwanda]] murii1982. <ref name="3R">https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/nelly-mukazayire-being-a-child-of-a-genocidaire-she-is-a-living-testimony-of-the-new-rwanda/</ref> Yize amashuri mu [[Rwanda]] abanza nayisumbuye. Afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu bukungu mpuzamahanga .Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu micungire ya Politiki y'Ubukungu . Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] . Indi soko yizewe ivuga ko impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yatanzwe na kaminuza yo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . <ref name="4R">http://andrewmwendasblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/rwandas-intriguing-experience.html</ref> == Umwuga == Byinshi mubikorwa bye, Madamu Mukazayire yakoze nk'umuyobozi wo hejuru muri guverinoma ya nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ry’abaminisitiri]] mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u [[Rwanda]], ishami rya leta. <ref name="5R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Kuri ubu, ari ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’igihugu kandi atanga raporo ku buryo butaziguye kwa [[Clare Akamanzi]], Umuyobozi mukuru [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|w’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] RDB, umwanya w’inama y’abaminisitiri. <ref name="6R">https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/</ref> Igice cye gifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo guteza imbere no kwagura " Ibitekerezo, Inama n’imurikagurisha" (MICE) bya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gice cy’ubukerarugendo cyari gifite 15 ku ijana byinjira mu bukerarugendo, bingana na miliyoni 42 z’amadolari [[Amerika|y’Amerika]] muri 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 74 US $ muri 2018. <ref name="6R" /> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Madamu Mukazayire yari afite imyaka 12 mu 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda yabaga. Nyina wa Nelly yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu azira ko yagize uruhare muri jenoside, n'urukiko rwa Gacaca . == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] rbveh3yke9zn6tmarswmg0y4vlk27se 0 10324 83494 82896 2022-05-14T04:34:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pamela Girimbabazi Rugabira''', <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418010646/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/gi/pamela-girimbabazi-rugabira-1.html "Pamela Girimbabazi Rugabira"], Sports Reference</ref> yavutse ku ya 10 Mutarama 1985, ni umukinnyi [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] ukina umukino wo koga, mu mikino Olempike ya 2000, 2004 na 2008; yari afite ibendera ry'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>[https://www.lequipe.fr/Jo/JoFicheAthlete16319.html "Pamela Girimbabazi"] , ''L'Equipe''</ref>. == ubuzima bwo hambere == Mu mikino Olempike ya 2000 ntabwo yigeze agira isomo ryo koga cyangwa umutoza usanzwe. <ref>[https://www.thestar.com/News/World/article/458379 "Beijing's unlikeliest Olympians"], ''The Star'', July 11, 2008</ref> yakuwe mu mikino ya Sydney kubera amategeko ya tekiniki atari amenyereye, hanyuma yiyigisha amategeko abajije kuri interineti. Nyuma, yiyigishije kandi mu gitabo kivuga ibijyanye nuko boga kinyamwuga abifashijwemo na mugenzi we ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] Jackson Niyomugabo . Yitoje muri pisine ya hoteri ifite metero 25 z'uburebure<ref>https://www.the-sports.org/pamela-girimbabazi-rugabira-swimming-spf653947.html</ref>. Muri metero 50 mbere y'imikino ya Beijing yahagendaga amasegonda 35. Yananiwe kwitwara neza i Beijing, arangiza ku mwanya wa gatatu kuri bane mukiciro vcye na 88 muri rusange, <ref>[http://www.apanews.net/apa.php?article72686 "Rwanda’s Olympic medal hopes diminish as two of its swimmers go out"], Agence de Presse Africaine, August 15, 2008</ref> akoresheje umwanya wa 39:78sec . <ref>[http://www.newtimes.co.rw/index.php?issue=13624&article=8759 "Two down, two to go as swimmers fail in Beijing"], ''The New Times'', August 16, 2008</ref> Girimbabazi yavuzweho kuba "icyamamare gito" n'ishusho y'umukinnyi w'uzuye, umukinnyi uhatanira gukunda umukino, bitari ugushimishwa no gutsinda cyangwa kuba icyamamare gusa". <ref>[https://www.thestar.com/News/World/article/458379 "Beijing's unlikeliest Olympians"], ''The Star'', July 11, 2008</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/former-olympian-girimbabazi-elected-swimming-body-president</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] 7ycgbs6bdjnfy9oa9xvbjbb164ryj65 0 10325 82897 2022-05-04T23:38:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [https://agakiza.org/Ubuhamya-Nyuma-yo-kwiyegurira-Kristo-Liza-Kamikazi-aratekanye.html Liza Kamaliza]<ref>https://agakiza.org/Ubuhamya-Nyuma-yo-kwiyegurira-Kristo-Liza-Kamikazi-aratekanye.html</ref> ni Umuhanzikazi nyarwanda wahoze aririmba muzika y'indirimbo zisazwe nyuma akaza gukizwa akinjira mu [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/gospel-singer-liza-kamikazi-wants-convert-many-people-possible muziki uhimbaza]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/gospel-singer-liza-kamikazi-wants-convert-many-people-possible</ref> Imana. Uyu mubyeyi afite umugabo n'abana batatu. gnomil659qpx17v2yon3wfzls3cs4iq 0 10326 82898 2022-05-04T23:47:15Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhanzikazi Kamariza yari afite [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58819/umuhanzikazi-kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-sergent-menya-byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-we-58819.html ipeti rya sergent]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/58819/umuhanzikazi-kamaliza-yari-afite-ipeti-rya-sergent-menya-byinshi-utari-uzi-kuri-we-58819.html</ref>. odkfwrk8eqvs5rk70zf77tty901oosb 0 10327 82899 2022-05-05T00:01:40Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umutoni Aline ni [https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga umusifuzikazi muzamahanga]<ref>https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga</ref> wo Rwanda akaba asazwe asifura [https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/aline-umutoni-wasifuye-umukino-wahuje-ikipe-ya-gasogi-united-n-iya-gicumbi shampiyona]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/aline-umutoni-wasifuye-umukino-wahuje-ikipe-ya-gasogi-united-n-iya-gicumbi</ref> yo mu Rwanda. == Reba aha == 3aclefwua0fcd5pagm4gb12x0q40jc0 0 10328 82900 2022-05-05T00:13:34Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga Umutesi Alice]<ref>https://bwiza.com/?abanyarwanda-3-basohotse-ku-rutonde-rw-abasifuzi-mpuzamahanga</ref> ni umusifuzikazi muzampahanga wo Rwanda akaba afite [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/uwasifuriye-as-kigali-na-rayon-sports-yagizwe-umusifuzi-mpuzamahanga impanga ye]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/uwasifuriye-as-kigali-na-rayon-sports-yagizwe-umusifuzi-mpuzamahanga</ref> yitwa Umutoni aline nawe wumusifuzi bose akaba ari abanyarwanda. == Reba aha == qej4y5a04xurg8f849d4154iqxptcmc 0 10329 82902 82901 2022-05-05T06:54:46Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyinawumuntu Grace''' ni umwe mubategarugori bafite amateka akomeye mu mupira w'amaguru mu [[Rwanda]], kuko yabaye umutoza wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] w'[[umugore]] wabonye ibyangombwa byemewe mu 2008 ndetse yabaye n'umugore wa mbere wabonye ibyangobwa byogutoza byemeye, yanabaye umusifuzi mpuzamahanga muri 2004. kuri ubu ni umutoza ushinzwe tekinique mu irerero rya [https://www.psg.fr/ Paris Saint Germain (PSG)] riri mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nyinawumuntu-grace-yongeye-kugirwa-umutoza-w-ikipe-y-igihugu</ref> === UBUZIMA BWITE === '''Grace Nyinawumuntu''' yavukiye mu [[akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Intara y'iburasirazuba]]. Yakuze ari imfubyi nyuma yaho ababyeyi be bitabye Imana bazize [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenocide]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yakuze akunda gukina umupira w'amaguru akiri muto kuko yatangiye afite imyaka 10. ==== AMASHURI YIZE N'IBYO YAKOZE ==== NYINAWUMUNTU Grace amashuri yisumbuye yakinnye mu ikipe y'ikigo ya [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]]. arangije amashuri yakinnye mu ikipe yabayeho bwa mbere mu mu pira w'amaguru mu bagore y'Urumuri FC. Avuye muri iyo kipe yakiniye Akarere ka [[Nyamirambo]] kacyiriko mu mwaka wa 2002.Nyuma habayeho gutoranya abakinnyi bo mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] hashyirwaho ikipe y'[[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]]".Iyo kipe nayo Nyinawumuntu yari mu bakinnyi bayigize, Nyinawumuntu yaje nogukina mu ikipe y'[[amavubi]] yabagore.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nyinawumuntu-wirukanwe-muri-as-kigali-azakomeza-gutoza-amavubi?fbclid=IwAR118Z-lKp7vhUMkjKevl1c5MDSe_bxfDpVwhmR70Les7-giBgic78lwGjI</ref> Nyinawumuntu Grace yakomereje muri [https://ce.ur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya KIE (kigali institute of education)], aho yakurikiye ibijyanye na [[Siporo]]. Ubwo yari muri Kaminuza yaje kugira ikibazo cyo kuvunika mu ivi mu mwaka wa 2004, yabonye atakomeza gukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] atangira kwimenyereza gusifura [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] aho yasifuye imyaka itatu ahita atangira gutoza amakipe y'abagore. Yinjiye mu byo gutoza arangije Kaminuza mu bijyanye na Siporo mu mwaka wa 2007 urangira, ubwo yari arangije amahugurwa mubyo gutoza. Yatoje amakipe akomeye mu [[Rwanda]], aho yatoje ikipe ya [[:en:AS_Kigali_FC|A.S de Kigali FC]] y'abagore ndetse n'[[amavubi]] y'abagore. Yagiye afasha abandi bagore abigisha cyane cyane ibyerecyeranye no gutoza. Muri 2003 Nyinawumuntu Grace yahawe igihembo bya '''DIVA Africa''' kubwo uruhare yagize mu guteza imbere umupira w'abagore mu [[Rwanda]]. Grace ubu ni umugore wubatse urugo, aho ari umuyobozi ndetse n'umutoza ushinzwe tekinike mu irerero rya [https://www.psg.fr/ Paris Saint Germain] ribarizwa mu [[Rwanda]] .<ref>http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2007</ref> ===== AMASHAKIRO ===== 1z4s5pun3q7pv5pz8cweffw2zx10anh 0 10330 82914 82904 2022-05-05T10:09:30Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali orthographe changes and updating the article wikitext text/x-wiki Marie Solange Kayisire ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki akaba ari minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi , umwanya yajyiyeyo kuwa 02 Werurwe 2020.<ref>https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/germaine-kamayirese-handed-over-to-kayisire-marie-solange-the-new-minister-in-charge-of-emergency-management</ref> [[Dosiye:Marie solange Kayisire.jpg|thumb|279x279px|Marie Solange Kayisire]] == Amavuko. == Marie Solange Kayisire yavukiye Mu Rwanda. == Umwuga. == Marie Solange ni umuyapolitiki ubifitemo uburambe kuko mbere yo kuba minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi yabanje kuba minisitiri muri Primature ushinzwe imirimo y'inama y'abaminisitiri.<ref>https://www.mifotra.gov.rw/news-detail/itangazo-rishyiraho-guverinoma</ref> == Ibirambuye. == 3mebic28dlrsg3mbfsgrfx8vabiaacj 0 10331 82907 82906 2022-05-05T08:21:36Z Quinlan83 10173 Requesting speedy deletion (Nonsense). (TwinkleGlobal) wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|1=Nonsense}} Charly and Nina ni itsinda ryabaririmbyi babanyarwandakazi bakorera umuziki mu Rwanda fwf6eb2akn2eeg0fdb51m1xyfg4od8n 0 10332 82910 2022-05-05T08:48:24Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki === UBUZIMA BWITE === '''MUKANTABANA SERAPHINE''' yavutse taliki 23 Mata 1961, avukira mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|akarere ka rusizi]], [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]] (ahahoze ari Cyangugu). Yabyawe na Shyirambere Lambert na Kabera Monique, nubwo yavukiye i Cyangugu, yakuriye i [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]] mu Kiyovu kuko yahageze mu 1966. Yize amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye ndetse yiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda]] uhereye mu 1983-1988 yiga mu ishami ry'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]].<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/</ref> ==== IBYO YAKOZE ==== '''MUKANTABANA SERAPHINE''' amaze kwiga nyuma yaje guhabwa akazi muri [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee de Kigali]], aba umuyobozi w'amasomo (Prefet des etudes) kuva 1988-1994.<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/</ref> Mu 1994 yage guhungira mu cyahoze ari [[Zayire|Zaire]] ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]] Congo akomereza muri [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo-Brazaville]] mu 1997, aha niho guverinoma y'icyo gihugu yemereye impunzi zose z'Abanyarwanda kwishyira hamwe maze azibera umuyobozi ahereye 1998-2011. Muri uwo mwaka nibwo yatahutse mu [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya mezi 3 gusa, yahawe akazi muri Minisiteri y'imicungire y'ibiza no gucyura impunzi, nyuma yaho agirwa Komiseri muri komisiyo yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abahoze ku rugerero.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mukantabana-yakuwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-komisiyo-ya-demobilisation</ref> Muri 2013 agirwa Minisitiri w'ibiza no gucyura impunzi (MIDIMAR). <ref>https://menyanibi.rw/mukantabana-seraphine-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/mukantabana-seraphine/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/demobilisation-commission-boss-mukantabana-relieved-duties</ref> ===== AMASHAKIRO ===== nswudm0ayj71i8jngb2pcykl0yrhlit 0 10333 83346 83202 2022-05-11T16:23:13Z Rodrigueng 10891 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == '''UBUZIMA BWITE''' == '''Dr Karekezi Claire''' (wavutse 1983) ni inzobere (Docteur) yize iby'imikorere y'[[ubwonko]], kubaga ubwonko ndetse no kuvura indwara zibwibasira n'imitsi ikorana nabwo,<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Karekezi?veaction=edit</ref> ni umwe muri bacye mu banyarwanda wabashije kwiga kubaga [[ubwonko]], ndetse akaba yarahawe n'ibihembo bitandukanye. == AMASHURI YIZE == '''Dr Karekezi Claire''' ( yavukiye i [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare]]) ariko yaje kwiga mu [[umujyi wa Kigali]] aho amashuri yisumbuye yayize muri Lycee Notre Damme de Citeaux akomereza muri Saint Andre aho yize imibare n'ubugenge (sciences) nyuma yerekeza muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda aho yize ubuvuzi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91553/menya-byinshi-kuri-dr-claire-karekezi-umunyarwandakazi-wa-mbere-ndetse-rukumbi-ubaga-ubwon-91553.html</ref><ref>http://www.kigaliwomen.com/spip.php?article799</ref> Dr Karekezi Claire arangije kaminuza i Butare yahisemo kujya kongera ubumenyi mu ishami ryo kubaga [[ubwonko]] n'umugongo akaba yarakoreye imenyerezwa muri [[Suwede|Suweden]],<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/665173/societe/claire-karekezi-la-premiere-neurochirurgienne-du-rwanda/</ref> ariko akomeza kwiga kwimenyereza kubaga [[ubwonko]]. nyuma akomereza imenyerezamwuga mu [https://www.ox.ac.uk/ Kaminuza ya Oxford] mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], nyuma akomereza amaso ye muri Maroco ahiga imyaka 5, muri 2007 yagiye kwiga andi maso muri [[Kanada|Canada]] mukubaga ibibyimba by'[[ubwonko]]. Akaba yaragiye kwiga kubaga [[ubwonko]] nk'indoto yari afite. Avuga neza [[Ikinyarwanda]], [[Icyongereza]],[[Igiswahili]] n'[[Icyarabu]] gike. == Umwuga == Dr Karekezi Claire ubu akaba ari umuganga mubitaro bya Gisirikare bya kanombe mumujyi wa [[Kigali]] aho abaga [[ubwonko]] ndetse akanavura indwara zibasirwa n'imitsi.<ref>https://acreol.org/team/board-member/</ref> == Ibihembo == Numwe mu bagore bahembwe na Forbes nk'umugore w'intangarugero. Igihembo cyizwi nka Academic Excellence Award gihabwa umugore wabaye indashyikirwa mubijyanye n'amasomo ndetse n'ubumenyi, Uretse kuba umuganga m'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] uyu mugore ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ihuriro ry'abagore bo muri [[Afurika]] b'inzobere mukubaga no kuvura [[ubwonko]].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/dr-karekezi-yegukanye-forbes-woman-africa-awards</ref> == UMWIHARIKO == Claire ni umugore uvura mubitaro bya Gisirikare Ikanombe akaba ari umuhanga mukubaga ubwonkondetse n'imitsi akaba ari umwe mubagore babavuzi bafawa nkabahanga ndetse n'ikitegererezo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abaganga]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] s568e5wb46z62xufah0xhi7918727qy 0 10334 82912 2022-05-05T09:46:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki === UBUZIMA BWITE === '''Bwiza Jolie''' ni umwe mu bakobwa n'abagore b'abanyarwandakazi bari bari guhatanira ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] wa Washington America rya bereye Olympia ho muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|USA]] wari usanzwe ari umunyamideli. Uyu mukobwa wavukiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo]] ([[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|RDC]]) ariko akaza gukurira mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], yahavuye muri 2016 yerekeza muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].Uyu wiyita Jolie Africa ni umunyeshuri muri kaminuza aho ageze mu mwaka wa gatatu yiga "Political sciences"<ref>https://inkanga.com/mu-mafoto-reba-ubwiza-uburanga-nikimero-bya-bwiza-jolie-umunyarwandakazi-uri-mu-bari-guhatana-muri-mrs-washington-america/</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== 1646i6yea6szy6n3dd7r26hjvxi9pc9 0 10335 83269 83265 2022-05-10T13:59:23Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingabire Deborah''' ni umuhanzi w'umunyarwandakazi uzwi kw'izina rya Marina Debol akomoka i Rwamagana<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/101108/marina-mu-ndirimbo-ye-nshya-worokoso-yakoreye-i-burayi-yumvikanye-yiyama-abamuvuga-nabi-vi-101108.html</ref> . == Umwuga == Ingabire Deborah umenywe munjyana ya RNB akaba yaramenyekanye muri Gashyantare 2017 ubwo yashyiraga hanze indirimbo ye ya mbere yitwa Byarara bibaye. mugihe abantu bamwibazagaho yahise uyu mukobwa yumvikanya anagaragara mu ndirimbo yamenyekanye cyane yitwa Too Much yahuriyemo nabandi bahanzi <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98931/marina-yafashe-shapitire-nshya-yubuzima-nyuma-yuko-benshi-bamwijunditse-98931.html</ref> Marina akaba yarinjiye mumuziki asanga inzira ziharuye kuko yabanje kuba mubiganza bya Uncle Austin wari ushinzwe inyungi n'itrambere rye rya muzika nyuma akaba yaraje gushyira umukono kumasezerano yo gukorana n'inzu ya The mane aba umuhanzi wa mbere iyinzu yari itangiranye nawe akaba yaramenyekanye kandi kundirimbo nka Ni wowe, Madede na Mbwira yakoranye na Kidum.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98931/marina-yafashe-shapitire-nshya-yubuzima-nyuma-yuko-benshi-bamwijunditse-98931.html<nowiki/>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/marina</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/marina</ref>kw'itariki 28 Mata 2021 Ingabire Deborah akaba yaratangaje ko yatandukanye na The Mane yamufashaga m'urugendo rwe rwa muzika.<ref>https://isano.rw/marina-yasezeye-muri-the-mane/?amp</ref>akaba kandi yarashyize umukono ku masezerano yo kwamamariza Catchyz tariki 13 Ukwakira 2021.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyishimo-kuri-marina-wahawe-akazi-ko-kwamamaza-ikigo-cy-ubucuruzi-ku-nshuro-ya</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] h6bg7b6cn7tx5bhiogezsgedbolqzbj 0 10336 83170 82915 2022-05-08T21:57:49Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nayituriki Helene ni umunyarwandakazi, akaba uwihayimana wo mw'idini gaturika mu [[Rwanda]], Umubikira [soeur] Nayituliki yashyizwe mu cyiciro cy'[[Intwari z'u Rwanda|Intwari]] kubera ibikorwa bye byiza aho yashoboye guhisha [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] barenga ijana mugihe cya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside ya korewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]<ref>https://www.history.com/topics/africa/rwandan-genocide</ref>.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru</ref> akaba yaritangiye [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]] mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ikintu-mbona-uyu-munsi-kibi-ni-ukubona-ababyeyi-batita-ku-bana-babo-Soeur-Nayituriki</ref> == UBUZIMA == Nayituriki Helene <ref>https://www.trendsmap.com/twitter/tweet/1506647176805498883</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-agiye-kujya-mu-kiruhuko-cy-izabukuru</ref> == INAMA == Nayituriki Helene<ref>http://up.muviza.ru/getmp3?v=I1Qt2-kmMdY</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/sr-nayituriki-helene-yatunze-agatoki-ababyeyi-ku-busambanyi-n-inda-zitateguwe</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Ikintu-mbona-uyu-munsi-kibi-ni-ukubona-ababyeyi-batita-ku-bana-babo-Soeur-Nayituriki</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == jrkv221jegtkpabeocacd7n7g3ek0bd 0 10337 83474 83473 2022-05-13T19:38:41Z Puerta25 10599 /* Ubuzima Bwite. */ Gusezerana wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Egidie Bibio ni umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga w'itangazamakuru == Ubuzima Bwite. == Ingabire Egidie Bibio Taliki 5 Kanama 2012 yasezeranye na Sam Mandela. 0pd7aec0lfbra3fxdcqvmax2fxzujvb 0 10338 83572 83130 2022-05-14T18:32:26Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rose Kabuye''' ( yavutse kuwa 22 Mata 1961 i Muvumba) ni umwe mu ba koloneli basezerewe mu [https://www.mod.gov.rw/ gisirikare cy'u Rwanda], aho akiri umugore wambere wari ufite ipeti ryo hejuru mu ngabo z'[[IGIHUGU N'INTORE|igihugu]]. Ubu akora mu bikorera ku giti cyabo aho ari umuyobozi muri kompanyi yitwa Virunga Logistics and Startech Limited, yigeze no kuba umuyobozi w'[[umujyi wa Kigali]], yabaye kandi ushizwe gutegura ingendo z'abayobozi bakuru b'igihugu, aza gukora mu nteko nshingamategeko. Kubera uruhare yagize mu rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu yahawe umudali n' umukuru w'igihugu [[Paul Kagame]].<ref name=":0" /> === UBUZIMA BWITE === '''Rose kabuye''' yakuriye kandi yiga muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], yatangiye amahugurwa ya gisirikare mu1986 arangije kwiga muri Kaminuza ya Makelele<ref>https://www.mak.ac.ug/</ref> aho yabonye impamyabushobozi muri politike n'ubuyobozi, yagiye mu ngabo za RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) 1980<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Front</ref>, aza no kuba umwe mu bayobozi muri izo ngabo, aho yabaye umwe mubagize ibiganiro by 'amahoro hagati ya RPF na goverinoma y'u Rwanda yahozeho.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Kabuye</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 1yvcm9v6zedqe9z7h9q92ahipflpiql 0 10339 82920 2022-05-05T13:24:24Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki === UBUZIMA BWITE === '''Nahimana Clemence''' ni umuhanzi, umwanditsi w'ikinamico musekeweya, umunyarwenya uzwi nka feruje, umukinnyi muri filime "Umuturanyi", akina yitwa Mama Aluphonsina, akaba anafite na sutidiyo itunganya filime n'ikinamico yitwa Dubule C situdiyo (Double C Studio) ari nayo yatunganyije fileme nyinshi zo mu [[Rwanda]].Nahimana ni inararibonye mu by'umuco n'ubuhanzi mu itsinda ry'urubyiruko rwa Africa n'uburayi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111165/nahimana-clemence-wamamaye-muri-cinema-nka-feruje-yamuritse-filime-i-bwiza-amaze-imyaka-2--111165.html</ref>Nahimana afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cy'akabiri cya Kaminuza yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza yu Rwanda]] yigisha [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]]. akaba amaze imyaka 9 yandika filime.<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/FerujeComedyslashDoubleCStudio</ref> ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== ng1isd8xx14e9wl3qoycbozsbidyyev 0 10340 82922 82921 2022-05-05T13:32:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanna Umurungi''' (yavutse ku ya 7 Mata 1996 i Turin, mu [[Butaliyani]]) ni umukinnyi ukina umukino wo koga mu [[Rwanda]] kabuhariwe mu kiciro cya metero 50 n'ikiciro cya metero 100. <ref name="Rio Bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20160806083643/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/johanna-umurungi</ref> Umurungi niwe mukobwa woga wahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino Olempike ya 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]], aho yitabiriye ikiciro cya metero 100. Yagiye kandi mu marushanwa atatu y’isi ndetse na Shampiyona yisi magufi bizwi nka World Championships and a World Short Course Championship. == Amarushanwa == Umurungi yatangiriye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo koga mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu mazi yo muri 2011, aho yitabiriye ikiciro cya metero 50 . <ref name="2011 sl">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010B0D0048000000FFFFFFFFFFFF00</ref> Yarangije ku umwanya wa kane kumasegonda 32.68. <ref name="2011 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010B0D0048000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> Igihe cye cyari icya 45 cyihuta mu bakinnyi 51. <ref name="2011 r" /> Yatinze amasegonda 5.85 nyuma y'umukinnyi watsindiye kugera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza bityo akurwa mu marushanwa. <ref name="2011 r" /> Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu mazi yo mu 2013, Umurungi yarushanwe muri metero 50 na metero 100 . <ref name="2013 50 s">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032000FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> <ref name="2013 100 s">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032100FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> Mu birori bya metero 50 yoga umwanya wamasegonda 32.35 yabaye uwa 56 yihuta muboga 60. <ref name="2013 50 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032000FFFFFFFFFFFF02</ref> Ntabwo yateye imbere muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. <ref name="2013 50 r" /> Mu ikiciro cya metero 100, igihe cye cy'umunota umwe n'amasegonda 10.41 nicyo cya 50 cyihuta muri 53 nabwo ntiyigeze agera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. <ref name="2013 100 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020101032100FFFFFFFFFFFF02</ref> Amarushanwa ya World Short Course ya 2014 niyo Umurungi yarushanwe muri metero 50 na metero 100 . <ref name="2014 50 s">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010E010D01032000FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> <ref name="2014 100 s">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010E010D01032100FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa 75 muri rusange mu kwiruka metero 50; hamwe n'amasegonda 32.54; aba uwa 61 muri rusange mu kwiruka metero 100; hamwe n'umunota umwe namasegonda 9.20. <ref name="2014 50 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010E010D01032000FFFFFFFFFFFF02</ref> <ref name="2014 100 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010E010D01032100FFFFFFFFFFFF02</ref> Mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’amazi yo mu 2015 Umurungi yitabiriye gusa ikiciro cya metero 100 . <ref name="2015 100 s">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010F020001032100FFFFFFFFFFFF01</ref> Yoga umwanya w'umunota umwe n'amasegonda 13.14 nabwo ntiyakomeza muri kimwe cya kabiri. <ref name="2015 100 r">http://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010F020001032100FFFFFFFFFFFF02</ref> === Imikino Olempike ya 2016 === Umurungi niwe mukobwa woga wahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino Olempike ya 2016 . We hamwe n’umugabo woga Eloi Imaniraguha batoranijwe kugirango bahagararire u [[Rwanda]] nyuma yuko komite mpuzamahanga olempike itumiye igihugu kohereza aboga babiri; kuko abakinnyi bo mu [[Rwanda]] muri iki cyiciro ntabwo bari basanzwe bujuje ibyangombwa bisanzwe. Umurungi yarushanwe muri metero 100 . <ref name="sl 2016">https://web.archive.org/web/20160922155940/https://www.rio2016.com/en/swimming-womens-100m-butterfly-heat-6</ref> Mbere yo gusiganwa yabwiye ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'' ati: "Nitoje umwaka wose hamwe n'umutoza wanjye, nubwo bitoroshye kuko ntibyoroshye kwiga no gukora siporo icyarimwe, ndashaka gukora uko nshoboye". <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-08-03/202292/</ref> Mu isiganwa ryo ku ya 6 Kanama 2016, Umurungi yoze igihe cy'umunota umwe n'amasegonda 11.92. <ref name="rio resul">https://web.archive.org/web/20160922155940/https://www.rio2016.com/en/swimming-womens-100m-butterfly-heat-6</ref> Igihe cya Umurungi nicyo cya kabiri cyatinze mu bakinnyi 44 barangije, Umurungi yarushije uwa [[Qatari]] Nada Arkaji,amasegonda arindwi . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160807200722/https://smsprio2016-a.akamaihd.net/_odf-documents/S/W/SWW021900_ResultsSummary_2016_08_06.pdf</ref> <ref name="stand">https://web.archive.org/web/20160922155940/https://www.rio2016.com/en/swimming-womens-100m-butterfly-heat-6</ref> Igihe cya Umurungi cyatinzeho amasegonda 13.17 kurenza umukinnyi wageze mu cyiciro gikurikiraho. <ref name="stand" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 0ltr2rdqzxofjcmet70bmbg5rleetj1 14 10341 82923 2022-05-05T13:33:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro kirimo abakinnyi ba siporo zose muri rusange sdw1n5a5idkcm87g23ig5y78qn4rjo1 0 10342 83502 82925 2022-05-14T05:02:13Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggy Corrêa''' ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] ariko utuye mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]]. Yanditse ibitabo nka''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) yanditse igitabo avuga uburyo yakijije nyina muri jenoside yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] muri Nyakanga 1994. <ref name="Favre">https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf/vol69/iss1/3/</ref> <ref name="RoccaReeds2013">https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQv1Cnm3kMC</ref> == Ubuzima == Corrêa yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], <ref name="SH">https://www.editions-saint-honore.com/brand/maggy-correa/</ref> kuri se ukomoka muri Porutugali na nyina [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]]. <ref name="Volet">https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html </ref> yize mu [[Rwanda]], [[Kongo]] no mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . <ref name="SH" /> corrêa yabaye muri Valais mubusuwisi imyaka irenga makumyabiri. Yashinze kandi ayobora ishuri ry'imbyino imyaka icumi mbere yo kuba umunyamakuru wigenga, yandikira ''Le Nouveau Quotidien'', ''Le Temps'' na ''Le Nouvelliste'' . Yakoze kandi nk;umunyamakuru wa radiyo kuri Radio Rhône Valais akaba nuwa televiziyo ya Radio Télévision Suisse . <ref>https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00044578.html</ref> Yerekanye ''Vanille Fraise'', yakoraga gahunda y'iminota 25 mu cyumweru irimo umukino w'ubumenyi rusange kubijyanye nigitsina, kuva yatangizwa mu Gushyingo 1993 kugeza Gashyantare 1994. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Suisse</ref> Muri Gicurasi 1994, Corrêa yagerageje gukurura ibitekerezo kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] hamwe n'ikinyamakuru cyo mu Busuwisi ''Le Nouveau Quotidien'' . Yabaye indorerezi [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|y’umuryango w’abibumbye]] mu ngoro y’igihugu i Geneve . Muri Nyakanga 1994, "yahisemo guhangana n'ibibazo byose byo kujya mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kugira ngo agerageze gukiza nyina; igitabo cye ''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) ni inkuru y'uru rugendo rudasanzwe"<ref>https://ibukamontargois.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/biblio_filmo.doc</ref>.<ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/maggy-correa</ref> Igitabo cye cyo mu mwaka wa 2018 ''À la lueur de la lampe-tempête'' (1998) kivuga amateka y'impamo ya Mario Augusto de Jesus du Valle Correia (Mario Corrêa), mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 yarekuye rwihishwa abacakara ijana mu bukoloni bwa [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] muri [[Angola]]<ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html</ref><ref>https://hmong.es/wiki/Maggy_Correa</ref> . == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] o4f61te2u7vvs1iw2qp4i0v6i4g4a7l 14 10343 82926 2022-05-05T14:03:27Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki ikiciro kirmo abanditsi b'ubwoko bwose f2h4ohfaw4xzkrbo6fuu2bteworh33w 0 10344 83496 82928 2022-05-14T04:41:38Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki ''Sandra Nadege Uwayezu'' ni umwanditsi n'umusizi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwandakazi]] ufite icyicaro i [[Kigali]] '''''. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/two-rwandan-women-using-their-stories-to-address-depression/</ref>''''' Nadege ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo bitandukanye byakusanyirijwemo imivugo nka '''''<nowiki/>'''''' ''The First creation'''''<nowiki/>',''' ''Sense and Sensation'' na'''<nowiki/>'<nowiki/>'''''Light in the Dark'' <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/11/18-year-old-rwandan-launches-book-to-tackle-depression/</ref> <ref name="Nzabonimpa">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/young-author-embracing-self-care-and-acceptance</ref> .Yasohotse mu binyamakuru byinshi nk'ikinyamakuru WSA na The Swala Tribe<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ubuzima-yakuriyemo-bwatumye-abwandikaho-igitabo/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavukiye kandi akurira i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]], ubwana bwa Nadege bwarimo uburambe bwo kwigunga no kwiheba, ibyo bikaba byaramuteye imbaraga zo gutangira kwandika ibisigo kugira ngo agaragaze ibitekerezo bye n'urugendo rwo gukira<ref>https://www.sandra-nadege.com/</ref>. Amashuri yisumbuye yarangije muri Saint Andre, kuri ubu akaba akurikirana impamyabumenyi ihanitse ya Business Communication muri kaminuza ya New New Hampshire binyuze muri kaminuza ya Kepler ikorera i Kigali. <ref name="Nzabonimpa" /> <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202106290340.html</ref> == Umwuga == Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ihungabana no kwiheba biturutse ku ivangura yahuye na ryo mu mashuri yisumbuye, mu 2020 Nadege yarangije asohora igitabo cye cya mbere yise ''First Creation'',, icyegeranyo cy’imivugo. <ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/ibitabo/article/uko-ubwanditsi-bwafashije-uwayezu-nadege-gukira-agahinda-k-uburyo-sosiyete</ref> Nadege yasohoye igitabo cye cya kabiri mu Gushyingo 2021, ''Light In The Dark'', urwibutso rugufi rw'inkuru ye kuva ku myaka 9 kugeza ku myaka 16. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/sandra-nadege-yanditse-igitabo-ku-buzima-bugoye-yanyuzemo</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/dropped-pins-how-make-google-maps-more-efficient</ref> * == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] fhwn39bzw44yk9r2k2eagvxfknt0l55 0 10345 83495 83318 2022-05-14T04:37:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yolande Mukagasana''' (wavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1954) ni umwanditsi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwandakazi]] <ref name="unhcr">http://www.unhcr.org/3b7255132a.html</ref> yandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] . <ref name="uwa">http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/YMukagasanaEng.html</ref>Yabaye umuforomo na anesthetiste ukora mubitaro bya [[Kigali]] . <ref name="uwa" /> Yahungiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]; umugabo we, abana be ndetse nabantu benshi yari azi ko bishwe. Mu [[Bubiligi]], impamyabumenyi ye ntiyigeze imenyekana bityo akora mu rugo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/french-court-decision-was-long-overdue-activists</ref> . Nyuma yaje kurera bamwe mu bishywa be ababyeyi bishwe hamwe n’imfubyi zo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fondation-yolande-mukagasana-yamaganye-abifashisha-internet-mu-gupfobya</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/yolande-mukagasana</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukagasana-yolande-yashinze-umuryango-uzakora-ubushakashatsi-kuri-jenoside-no</ref>. == Ibikorwa == Mukagasana yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] ari kumwe n'umufotozi Alain Kazinierakis. bakora icyegeranyo c''yitwa Les Blessures du silence'', inkuru zabatangabuhamya kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/meet-mukagasana-author-inspired-her-genocide-scars</ref>. Bashinze kandi Nyamirambo, point d'appui, umuryango ugamije kwiyubaka. Hamwe nitsinda ry'amakinamico Groupov, yanditse ikinamico ''Rwanda 94''<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/nyuma-yo-kubazwa-byinshi-yolanda-mukagasana-aratanga-ibisubizo.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/author-mukagasana-fighting-genocide-personal-responsibility</ref>. Yanditse ibitabo bibiri bya ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' (1997) na ''N'aie pas peur de savoir'' (1999). Yasohoye kandi icyegeranyo ''cy'inkuru De Bouche à oreille'' (2003). ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' yahinduwe mucyongereza nka ''Not Time to Die'' by Zoe Norridge muri 2019. Mu 2002, yahawe igihembo cya Golden Dove for Peace Prize yahawe na Archivio Disarmo.<ref>https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=42642</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-YDA0AH59ocC&pg=PA4</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] fpgdjrcctbrzuqgj5d66hxg8p97wphb 0 10346 83492 82933 2022-05-14T04:21:33Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ipiphanie Nyirabaramé''' (yavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1981 i [[Butare]] ) ni umukinnyi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]] kabuhariwe muri marato no kwiruka intera ndende . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065649/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ny/epiphanie-nyirabarame-1.html</ref> Yahagarariye u [[Rwanda]] mu mikino ibiri ya Olempike ( 2004 muri Atenayi mu [[Bugereki]], na 2008 i Beijing)<ref>https://wikibioall.com/epiphanie-nyirabarame-wiki-networth-age/</ref>. == Umwuga == Nyirabaramé yitabiriye bwa mbere mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi mu Bugereki aho yarangije ku mwanya wa mirongo itanu na kane mu kwiruka muri marato y'abagore, akoresheje igihe cya 2:52:50. Ku rundi ruhande, mu mikino Olempike ye ya kabiri yabereye i Beijing, yarangije marato y'abagore, amasegonda arindwi gusa inyuma ya Zuzana Šaríková wo muri Silovakiya, akoresheje igihe cye cyiza cya 2:49:32<ref>https://www.howold.co/person/epiphanie-nyirabarame</ref>. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120821073356/http://www.2008.nbcolympics.com/trackandfield/resultsandschedules/rsc%3DATW099100/standings.html</ref> Nyirabaramé yatsindiye neza mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya IAAF ya 2009 yabereye i [[Berlin|Berlin mu Budage]], ubwo yarangirizaga kwiruka muri marato y'abagore, arangiza ku mwanya wa makumyabiri na gatandatu, afite umwanya wa 2:33:59. Nyirabaramé yanashyizeho amateka y'igihugu cye, yari yarakozwe na Marcianna Mukamurenzi mu myaka ya za 90. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14003&a=4708</ref> Nyirabaramé yagaragaye muri filime documentaire [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|y'Abanyamerika]], ''Umwuka wa Marathon II'', agaragaza imikorere ye muri Marato ya Roma 2012<ref>https://festivalofpoetstheater.com/wiki/%C3%89piphanie_Nyirabaram%C3%A9</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] cvshhnxwvs5nxm2yfgug2vthkznz6qy 0 10347 83499 82951 2022-05-14T04:50:24Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Salome Nyirarukundo of Rwanda at the 2018 African Athletics Championships.jpg|thumb|Salome Nyirarukundo mu isiganwa nyafurika muri 2018]] '''Salome Nyirarukundo''' (yavutse 20 Ukuboza 1997) ni umukinnyi [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] kabuhariwe muri marato mu kiciro cyo kwiruka intera ndende.Yitabiriye imikino Olempike ya 2016 yabereye i [[Rio de Janeiro]], muri metero 10,000 z'abagore, arangiza ku mwanya wa 27 akoresheje 32: 07.80. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160806071912/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/sallome-nyirarukundo</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/where-marathoner-nyirarukundo</ref><ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/rwanda/salome-nyirarukundo-14616429</ref> == Amarushanwa == === 2017 - 2018 === Nyirarukundo nawe ni umukinnyi wiruka marato wamenyereye, kandi yitabiriye amarushanwa akomeye. Yashyizeho igihe cyiza kuri Marathon ya Montreal (2:28:02). Yatsinze amarushanwa menshi mu Ntara ya Québec, harimo na marato ya Rimouski<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/rwandan-athlete-nyirarukundo-wins-monreal</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-yegukanye-umudali-wa-zahabu-muri-maroc-nyuma-y-urugendo</ref>. === 2019 === Nyirarukundo yagize akazi muri 2019. Mu isiganwa rya Around The Bay 30Km, yaje ku mwanya wa 3 nyuma y'abakinnyi b'indashyikirwa, nubwo yayoboye ibirometero 15 by'isiganwa. Yatsinze isiganwa rya 10km St-Laurent akoresheje iminota 34. Yatwaye umwanya wa kabiri kuri 5k du Lac-Beauport kandi yatsindiye Lévis Half-Marathon mugihe cya 1h 13 min 59 s. Yarangije ku mwanya wa 4 muri Marato ya Ottawa akoresheje 2 h 30 min hanyuma akora izindi 10km muri lululemon Toronto muminota 34, Hanyuma, yagize izindi ntsinzi ebyiri muri 10km, iya La Baie n'iya [[Kanada]] yo gusiganwa ku magare. Nyuma yibyo, yitabiriye Marathon ya Rimouski<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/nyirarukundoto-stay-out-for-five-months</ref> <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/ngororangingo/article/nyirarukundo-salome-wavunikiye-muri-shampiyona-y-isi-yagarutse-mu-muhanda</ref><ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/article/5574/AMAFOTO:-Imvano-y'amarira-y'agahinda-Nyirarukundo-yasutse-hasi-nyuma-yo-kwegukana-Half-Marathon</ref>. {| class="wikitable" |+amateka ! Intera ! Igihe ! Ibirori ! Ikibanza |- | Metero 5.000 | 15 min 34 s 91 c | [[Ubuholandi]] - Nijmegen | uwa 5 |- | Ibirometero 5 | 15 min 50 s | [[Ubudage]] - Trier | uwa 2 |- | Metero 10,000 | 31 min 45 s 62 c | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] - Durban | uwa 4 |- | Igice cya marato | 1h 08 min 48 s |[[Esipanye|Espagne]] - Barcelona | uwa 3 |- | Marato | 2 h 28 min 02 s | [[Kanada]] - Montreal | uwa 1 |} == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] rogw90542nd5oskmi6sswbt6s8ecn86 0 10348 82941 2022-05-05T17:12:17Z Nishimirwe 10326 Nishimirwe moved page [[Rosemary museminali]] to [[Rosemary Museminali]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rosemary Museminali]] 1u0bi2duifw3ypbq49qj472b9v42j6x 0 10349 82945 2022-05-05T17:31:08Z Puerta25 10599 Puerta25 moved page [[Uwimana clarisse]] to [[Uwimana Clarisse]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uwimana Clarisse]] dgncuz95lt3o1x8lqmhyc2a5oset4b6 0 10350 82948 2022-05-05T18:07:47Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Ingabire Assumpata]] to [[Ingabire Assumpta]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ingabire Assumpta]] 5bmdkhglmtjwjg47esscvbtlblt8c7k 0 10351 82950 82949 2022-05-05T19:07:57Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Mukakigeli Mireille''' ni umutaramyi mu birori bitandukanye yaba mu bukwe, akaba n'umukobwa udasazwe mu gusohora abageni mu bukwe. N'umuririmbyi muri Gakondo uhimba ibihangano ndetse unafite alubumu y'indirimbo za gakondo. Mukakigeli yakuze kunda umuziki umeze nk'ikintu gitembera mu maraso kuko na se umubyara yari intore. Mukakigeli yitabiriye Tusker Project Fame ariko ntiyabasha gukomeza, atangira kuririmba yakora umuziki wa Jazz&Blues ariko aza guhindura akajya aririmba gakondo . Ajya atumirwa hanze aho akubutse mu [[suwede]] aho yari yatumiwe na ambasade yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] muri [[suwede]]. <ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/imvano-y-ubuhanzi-bwa-mireille-mukakigeli-wihebeye-umuziki-gakondo</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === 5s4pwgcs1ob686l0p76f3l3p5otznj9 0 10352 82981 82952 2022-05-06T07:46:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[SIMBI NAILLA]] to [[Simbi Nailla]] wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Simbi Nailla''' ( ufite imwaka 21 y'amavuko, kuko avuka muri 2001) yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|akarere ka nyarugenge]], mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali.]] Avuka mu muryango w'abana 4, abakobwa 3 n'umuhungu umwe. === AKAZI AKORA === '''Simbi Nailla''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi arimo yinjira mu mwuga wo gukora akazi ko gutunganza amashusho y'indirimbo, aha twavuga indirimbo zimwe na zimwe za banyarwanda yakozeho , amashusho y'indirimbo "Puculi ya Okama, niwe wagize igitekerezo cy' uko igomba gukorwa mu buryo bwa'amashusho kuva itangiye kugeza irangiye. hari izindi ndirimbo nyinshi nka "Atansiyo", "Helena", za Platini P cyangwa "Low Key" ya Burava, "Pull up" ya Toxxyk Kivumbi na Angel Umutoni na "KK 509 St" ya Andy Bumuntu , aho nihamwe amaze gutanga umusanzu ukomeye.<ref>https://massdesigngroup.org/team/nailla-simbi</ref> '''Simbi Nailla''' yize amashanyarazi mu amashuri yisumbuye, kwiga kukora indirmibo (editing) akaba yaragiye akaba yaragiye abyigira kuri musazawe usanzwe atunganya amashusho y'indirimbo z'abahanzi batandukanye mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri 2020 nibyo Simbi Nailla yatangiye bya nyabyo mu gutunganya amashusho.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/byinshi-kuri-simbi-umukobwa-wa-mbere-winjiye-mu-gutunganya-amashusho-y</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == fh7mu9v159yyqn8axywoqb5nb8j225r 0 10353 82954 82953 2022-05-05T20:51:41Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali created wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Judith Kanakuze.png|thumb|Judith kanakuze ]] '''Judith Kanakuze''' (yavutse Ku ya 19 Nzeri 1959 - yapfuye Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2010 )) yarumunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|wu Rwanda]] numunyarwandakazi . Yamaze gukora mu nzego nyinshi, zirimo imirire ndetse na serivisi rusange, yabaye umunyapolitiki uzwi nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside y'Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, aho yabuze abavandimwe benshi <ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> .Kanakuze yashinze ihuriro Réseau des Femmes kandi arengera uburenganzira bw’umugore mu gihe cy’amasezerano ya Arusha . Yatorewe kuba [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 2003 na 2008. Muri manda ye, yayoboye ''Rwanda Women Parliamentary Forum'' . == Amateka == Judith Kanakuze yavutse19 septembre 1959Ku ya 19 Nzeri 1959 mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], mu Rwanda. Umwarimu imyaka ibiri mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, nyuma yaje kuba inzobere mu mirire .<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Judith akaba yarabuze abavandimwe benshi muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi 1994 , biciwe mu rusengero rwa Kibuye <ref name="McGreal">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> . Nyuma y’amakimbirane, yasubiye mu Rwanda avuye mu nkambi y’impunzi i Goma kugira ngo yugurure ihuriro ry’inguzanyo ry’abagore ry’inzobere mu micungire y’imari ndetse anatanga gahunda yo kwigisha no gukemura amakimbirane. Kanakuze yashinze umuryango w’abagore bo hambere Réseau des Femmes<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Times_(Rwanda)</ref> akaba yari umujyanama mu mpera za 90. Kanakuze yarazwi nk'umuyobozi uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore mu Rwanda, yatoranijwe kugira ngo akore muri komisiyo ishinzwe itegekonshinga ryo mu 2001 mu rwego rwo guharanira uburinganire.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn024</ref><ref>https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/17/rwanda-women-politics-humnan-rights</ref>n'umwe mubagore batatu waruri kumwnaya wabantu 12.Yatanze ibitekerezo byinshi bijyanye n’uburinganire mu itegeko nshinga, icy'ingenzi muri byo kikaba cyarashyizeho ibipimo by’uburinganire aho abagore bagomba gushyiraho nibura 30% by’imyanya ku nzego zifata ibyemezo mu Rwanda<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn024</ref><ref>https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/17/rwanda-women-politics-humnan-rights</ref>Imiryango itegamiye kuri leta y’abagore n’abagore ku giti cyabo bongereye Kanakuze kugira ngo bumvishe abandi bagize komisiyo. Abagore bo mu Rwanda batangiye kwinjira muri komite zigenzurwa n’abagabo kandi bamenyekana ku bindi bibazo bitari uburinganire. Kugeza mu 2003, abagore bari bafite kimwe cya kabiri cy'imyanya mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko <ref>https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/107/428/361/12456?login=false</ref>maze Kanakuze atorerwa umwe muri bo.<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/experts/judith-kanakuze/</ref> === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Wikigap]] [[Ikiciro:Women in Politics]] arm2cezcfpktm8zcqef5fyoxur9mlq6 14 10354 82955 2022-05-05T20:52:08Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Internet Gender Gap" wikitext text/x-wiki Internet Gender Gap dsu14msdu3dubjmovltpzbk3l9nk7yg 14 10355 82956 2022-05-05T20:52:46Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Created page with "Abagore Muri Politique" wikitext text/x-wiki Abagore Muri Politique ih1wq1j1v9ksnzocfjn85xoysv7gegy 0 10356 82979 82957 2022-05-06T07:45:40Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[TUMUTONESHE DIANE]] to [[Tumutoneshe Diane]] wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Tumutoneshe Diane''' ( ufite imyaka yubukure 32 kuko yavutse muri 1990) ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi (Managing director) wa Dream Team Football Academy, Asanzwe ari muri komisiyo y'iterambere ry'umupira w'abagore mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. Ubu yagizwe umwe mubagize komite ishinzwe gutegura ibikorwa by'umupira w'amaguru w'abagore mu ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru muri Afurika,[[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|CAF]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/diane-tumutoneshe-becoming-first-rwandan-woman-do-fifa-master-sports-management</ref> == AMASHURI YIZE NIBYO AKORA == '''Tumutoneshe Diane''' muri 2019 yize amasomo y'imicungire ya siporo (Sport Management ) muri Leipzig University yo mu [[Budage]]. Uyu mubyeyi w'umusiporitifu kuri ubu ari kwiga icyiciro kisumbuyeho muri "Fifa Master Course" mu [[Ubwongereza|bwongereza]] (Leicester University), mu [[butaliyani]] muri (SDA Bocconi School of Management) no mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] muri Neuchatel University yi Zurich.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/umunyarwandakazi-tumutoneshe-diane-yahawe-inshingano-muri-caf</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/diane-tumutoneshe-yahawe-umwanya-ukomeye-muri-caf</ref> == REBA == oc33byvjqb3oi29vwfqamrvxre7cjuz 0 10357 82961 82959 2022-05-05T21:46:35Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Thérèse Muamini ni Umwanditsi w'Ibitabo w' Umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]],Kurubu abarizwa mugihugu cy'[[ubufaransa]]. == Amakuru == Thérèse Muamini yageze m'[[Ubufaransa]] mu mwaka 1976,ubwo yaragiye kubana na mubyarawe wari urwaye [[SIDA]] mu mwaka 1982 nibwo mubyarawe yapfuye,Yakiriye umwana w'Umuhungu w'Imyaka 10 muburyo bwokumurera wanduye virusi itera [[SIDA]],yakoraga nk'Umudamu ukora amasuku kugirango agaburire umuryango we.kandi yagombaga guhangana anarwanya ibyari bimukikije,kimwe no kwita kubana be bakabaho mubudahangarwa.<ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/MuaminiThereseEng.html</ref> == Ibyo Yagiye Akora == Ubwo yageraga m'[[Ubufaransa]] yishimiye kubona uwaba yaza kumufasha murugo,iherezo rye rihinduka ribi mugihe yareraga umwana wanduye indwara ya virusi itera [[SIDA]] kandi inshutiye yapfuye izize [[SIDA]], nukuvugango nibwo ibibazo byari bitangiye yagombaga gushaka ahandi aba kuba yajugunywe mu nzu ye yajyanye abandi bana babiri.<ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/MuaminiThereseEng.html</ref> Thérèse Muamini ibitabo yanditse bigiye bitanduka hari icyo yise [[Beloved Son:With HIV]].<ref>https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/beloved-son-born-with-hiv_nadine-bitner_therese-muamini/1776028/#edition=4556616</ref> == Aho Wasanga Ibindi == qq1brha7sm4e0jhzwui36f9r86frbu0 0 10358 82966 82963 2022-05-05T21:59:45Z Xqbot 767 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Immaculée Ilibagiza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Immaculée Ilibagiza]] f2bqnqte1newhi0y9g3mhu4xoq7soc2 0 10359 82965 2022-05-05T21:56:31Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Immaculee llibagiza]] to [[Immaculée Ilibagiza]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Immaculée Ilibagiza]] f2bqnqte1newhi0y9g3mhu4xoq7soc2 0 10360 84204 82977 2022-05-19T08:09:08Z Umuganwa12 10821 /* AKAZI AKORA */ wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Isimbi Alliance''' (afite imyaka 33, yavutse tariki 9 Gicurasi 1989) ni umunyarwandakazi w' umubyeyi ufite abana 2 yabyaranye n'umugabo we Gakumba Jean Bosco. Ni umukinnyikazi wa filime wamenyekanye cyane muri filime Rwasa yitwa Nelly.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63837/urukundo-rurashyushye-hagati-ya-isimbi-alliance---63837.html</ref> === AKAZI AKORA === '''Isimbi Alliance''' wamenyekanye muri sinema nyarwanda nka Alliah Cool, ubu yashyizwe mu ihuriro rya aba mbasaderi ba Loni b'amahoro, akaba yaragizwe ambasaderi mu kwizihiza umunsi w'abanyamerika wahariwe abari n'abategarugori bari muri siyansi.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/02/isimbi-alliance-appointed-intl-peace-ambassador/</ref> Akaba kandi abarizwa mu kigo cy'abanyanayigeriya gifasha abanyempano batandukanye, Ubu Isimbi akaba afite filime ziwe yise Alliah The movie amurikira ku i Rebero munzu izwi ku izina rya [https://www.canalolympia.com/en/theaters/rebero-en/ Canal olympia].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/isimbi-alliance-yagizwe-ambasaderi-wa-loni-ushinzwe-amahoro</ref><ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyamamare-byahuriye-mu-imurikwa-rya-filime-ya-isimbi-alliance-amafoto</ref> Kandi Isimbi akaba yaragabiye u mu minisitiri [[inka]].<ref>https://teradignews.rw/bamporiki-yemereye-isimbi-alliah-cool-ko-ari-idebe-rye-bitangaza-benshi/</ref> == REBA == rdrkmxgrp8x9ok7xpgoyxruk9xut4v4 0 10361 82973 2022-05-05T22:31:23Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Umunyana shanitah]] to [[Umunyana Shanitah]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Umunyana Shanitah]] lmy8ozotejpkm29gg74zm0g2z7g4utw 0 10362 83018 82975 2022-05-06T13:32:36Z Germain92 9488 # WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Colette Ruhamya wahoze ari umunyamabanga wa leta ushinzwe ingufu n'amazi mu [[Rwanda]].kuwa 27 Kamena mumwaka wa 2012 munama y'abaminisitiri yari iyobowe na Nyakubahwa [[Paul Kagame|Perezida wa Repuburika yu Rwanda PAUL KAGAME]] nibwo Colette Ruhamya yagiriwe ikizere bamugira umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w'ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] (REMA).<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/colette-ruhamya-yasimbuye-dr-rose-mukankomeje-ukekwaho-ibyaha</ref> == Colette Ruhamya == colette Ruhamya numwe mu badamo bamamaye cyane muri politiki yu [[Rwanda]] kubera ibikorwa byabo byindashikirwa bagiye<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201609140886.html</ref> bageraho ubwo bari bafite inshingano zahato nahato mubuyobozi.Collete kandi yabaye umunyamabanga Mukuru wungirije w' Ikigo kigihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije REMA asimbuye Rose Mukankomeje wari usanzwe akiyoboye kuko yakurikiranwaga aho ibyaha bitatu ( 3) bitandukanye harimo nko Kumena Ibanga r'akazi kuba gatozi muguhisha icyaha nibindi.<ref>https://isangostar.rw/spip.php?page=article&id_article=559</ref> == Kugeza ubu == Colette Mukankomeje yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cy'igihugu gisinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] azamuwe muntera kumwanya w'umuyobozi mukuru wungirije.gusa kugeza ubu ntago ariwe ukiyoboye ikcyo kigo ubu inshingano zo kuyobora ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunuga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] REMA kiyobowe na Madam Juliete Kabera.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/perezida-yashyizeho-abayobozi-bashya-barimo-uwasimbuye-coletha-ruhamya-muri-rema.html/juliet-kabera-wasimbuye-colette-ruhamya</ref> == Imirimo == Eng Colette Mukankomeje mugihe yari ayoboye ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]]( REMA)<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/rema-yafunze-uruganda-rw-impu-rwasukaga-imyanda-mu-kagera?url_reload=19</ref> yagiye akora imirimo myinshi itandukanye ifitiye igihugu akamaro,abaturage,ndetse n'ibidukikije muri rusange nkaho twagiye twumva aho ubwo yari ayoboye REMA hari inganda zagiye zifungwa zizira kwangiza ibidukikije no kubangamira abaturage cyane ko aribo batangaga amakuru zimwe munganda zafunzwe harimo nkuruganda ruherereye mukarere ka Bugesera inyamata rwari rushinzwe gutunganya impu rwafunzwe ruzira kumena amazi yanduye nimyanda mu mugezi w'Akagera. <ref>https://police.gov.rw/uploads/tx_download/MAGASINE_POLICE_14.pdf</ref> == Soma hano == l9cyvr1fci9r6dczr2lha619fslsqvs 0 10363 82978 2022-05-06T07:44:28Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[ISIMBI ALLIANCE]] to [[Isimbi Alliance]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Isimbi Alliance]] t0zrmm8zi3tbhwpw0ahkhkm3ibgpht3 0 10364 82980 2022-05-06T07:45:40Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[TUMUTONESHE DIANE]] to [[Tumutoneshe Diane]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tumutoneshe Diane]] s2p2yj3elpu6b83xzdf9s2wf5u78bvm 0 10365 82982 2022-05-06T07:46:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[SIMBI NAILLA]] to [[Simbi Nailla]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Simbi Nailla]] 0f7jirozyw4xy57lsvyfkzszvkgdht4 0 10366 83173 82990 2022-05-09T05:45:28Z Puerta25 10599 /* UBUZIMA BWITE */ ijambo wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niwemwiza Marie Anne''' ni umunyarwandakazi uri mu itangazamakuru kuva muri Mutarama 2008 atangirira kuri [https://www.radiomaria.rw/ radio maria Rwanda], akomereza umwuga w' itangazamakuru ahandi akaba amaze Imyaka 14.<ref>https://www.ktradio.rw/2018/08/24/anne-marie-niwemwiza/</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == Niwemwiza Marie Anne ni umugore ufite abana 2, aho umugabo we nawe ari umunyamakurukuri wa RBA ([https://www.rba.co.rw/radio Rwanda Broadcasting Agency]). <ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Abanyamakuru-Niwemwiza-na-Isheja-bibarutse-ubuheta</ref> Anne Ukora itangazamakuru nk'umwuga aho atanga ibitekerezo bivugira rubanda. "Iki ni ikimenyetso cy'uko niyemeje gukomera ku bunyarwanda nk'igihango mfitanye n'igihugu n'urungano" iryo ni rimwe mu ijambo yavuze.<ref>https://nitter.net/Annemwiza</ref><ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ingabire-immaculee-a-marie-niwemwiza-miss-jolly-hari-icyo-bavuga-kuri-bridal-shower/</ref> === Ibihembo yabonye === '''Niwemwiza Marie Anne''' umaze imyaka mwinshi ari umunyamakuru kuri [https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/kt/ KT Radio] akora ikiganiro "Ubyumva ute", aho yegukanye igihembo ku kiganiro gikorwa neza cya Radio, cyatanzwe n'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamkuru hizihizwa umunsi w'itangazamakuru. Anne akunze kubarizwa mu icyiciro cy'amakuru. Anne kandi azwi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nka twitter ku izina rya @annemwiza, aho akurikirwa n'abantu barenga 40,000.<ref>http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article4382</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Niwemwiza Marie Anne !Igihe ibiganiro bibera !Ikiganiro !AMASAHA |- |kuwa mbere - kuwa kane |Ubyumva ute |7;30pm-8:30pm |- |kuwa gatandatu |Urukumbuzi |8:10am-12;00pm |} == Amashakiro == jle0xq0fqm5iingvwtg3r4uvt3zcf9g 0 10367 83015 83010 2022-05-06T12:56:39Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Salma ingabire]] to [[Salma Ingabire]] wikitext text/x-wiki == Salma Ingabire == Salma Ingabire [[Itabi|n'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba yarabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa AC group LTd icyigo cyazanye ikorana buhanga rya tap&Go ryo kwishyura urugendo Kumodoka ukoresheje ikarita. == Salma Ingabire ni muntu ki? == Ingabire Salma n'umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]]. Akaba yaragize uruhare runini muguteza imbere inkorana buhanga hifashishijwe Telefone igendanwa Mu kubitsa no kubikuza amafaranga akorera ikigo nka Airtel mu [[Rwanda]] akaba yarakoranye n'ikinyamakuru cya Wari SA cyo muri Afurika yepfo Ubu akaba ahagarariye amakarita azwi nka visa kandi mu [[Rwanda]]. Ingabire kandi akaba yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyikiro cya gatatu muri kaminuza ya Exford Brookes yo mugihugu cy'ubwongereza. <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/abantu/article/umunyarwandakazi-salma-ingabire-yahawe-kuyobora-visa-mu-rwanda?url_reload=21&debut_forum=10</ref> == Uburambe mukazi == .yakoze muri: _Airtel Rwanda _BPR_Atlas _Bank of Africa _unit Bank of Africa _Ecobank _Equity Bank akaba ahagarariye n'ibihugu byo mukarere birimo , Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Burundi, Ethiopia Na sudani y'epfo.<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/salma-ingabire-4b178a33</ref> == Amashakiro == ji2tiwd3omwiz941yu3srpjp7hs4k4i 0 10368 83589 83001 2022-05-14T19:17:06Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeannette Bayisenge''' Umunyarwandakazi wumunyapolitiki akaba Ari minisitiri wuburinganire ni terambere ry'Umuryango (MIGEPROF).<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/02/meet-the-new-cabinet-members/</ref> Kuva taliki 2020 Akaba yaranabaye umwarimu muri kaminuza ibutare mubijyanye Nuburinganire.<ref>https://www.migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/prof-bayisenge-jeannette-takes-oath-as-new-minister-of-gender-and-family-promotion-1</ref> == Amashuri yize. == Jeannette Bayisenge yabonye impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza y'uRwanda mubijyanye Nimirimo rusange(social work).<ref>https://theconversation.com/profiles/jeannette-bayisenge-459033</ref> Yabonye Kandi impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mubijyanye niterambera Mubufatanye (Development cooperation) Yavanye muri kaminuza ya EWHA Women's University muri koreya Yepfo mu mujyi wa Seoul. Yabonye Kandi impanya bushobozi yikirenga (PHD) Mubijyanye niterambera Rusange (social work) yibanze cyane Nuburinganire yakuye muri kaminuza ya University of Gothenburg muri Sweden.<ref><nowiki>https://ursweden.ur.ac.rw/?q=node/414</nowiki></ref> == Urugendo rwa Jeannette Bayisenge . == Bayisenge kuva 2004 yabaye umuyobozi muri kaminuza ushinzwe amasomo yuburinganire anabifatanyije nokwigisha ayo masomo yuburinganire muri kaminuza y'u[[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]].(UR-CASS), ishami ry'Ubugeni nubumemyi rusange(Arts and social science). Bayisenge Kandi yabaye perezida winama yigihugu Yabagore kuva 2018. Jeannette Bayisenge Kandi yabaye muri jyanama yumujyi wa [[Kigali]] na karere ka [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]]. Bayisenge yabaye Umuyobozi wungirije Mukigo cya LODA. Jeannette Yabaye Umwe mubayobozi Mukigo cyigihugu kirangamuntu NIDA. == Ibirushijeho. == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] pigt9ptf5layj6vrknnnozyzv07ajrz 0 10369 83008 82996 2022-05-06T12:30:45Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Miss alliance.jpg|thumb|Miss Popularity 2020]] Alliance Irasubiza Numwe mubakobwa bahataniraga ikamba rya Nyaminga wurwanda 2020 , akaba ariwe Wegukanye Ikamba rya Miss popurality rimwe mumakamba Afite agaciro mwirushanwa rya Miss Rwanda dore ko rinaharwa umukobwa ukunzwe cyane akaba ashyigikiwe nabenshi .Alliamce  muriryo Rushanwa akaba yarafite Umushinga wo kuryanya Gutwita kwabana bana bato bakiri mumashuri yisumbuye <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95305/irasubiza-alliance-yagizwe-ambasaderi-wurubyiruko-nakarere-ka-gicumbi-nyuma-yo-kugahesha-i-95305.html</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma yuko Alliance abimburiye Abakobwa bomukarere ka Gicumbi Kujya muri Miss Rwanda , Nibwo yagizwe umwa Ambasaderi wurubyiruko Mukarere ka gicumbi .IRASUBIZA Alliance afite umushinga  wo kurwanya Gutwita kwabana bana bato bakiri mumashuri yisumbuye akaba afite icyizere cyuko azabigeraho .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95305/irasubiza-alliance-yagizwe-ambasaderi-wurubyiruko-nakarere-ka-gicumbi-nyuma-yo-kugahesha-i-95305.html</ref> == Icyo Miss Rwanda ibivugaho == Haravugwa byinshi kubijyanye no gutoranya ubwiza, ariko ikintu kimwe cyukuri nuko kwitabira umwe bishobora kuba amahirwe meza kubakobwa kutagaragaza impano zabo nubushobozi bwabo gusa, ahubwo no gukoresha urubuga babonye kugirango bagire icyo bahindura mumiryango yabo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95305/irasubiza-alliance-yagizwe-ambasaderi-wurubyiruko-nakarere-ka-gicumbi-nyuma-yo-kugahesha-i-95305.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Miss Alliance.jpg|thumb|Irasubiza Alliance ]] Fata urugero rwa Alliance , wagaragaye nka Miss ukunzwe mu marushanwa ya Miss Rwanda 2020. Kuri we, gutsinda amajwi ya Miss Popularity ntabwo byari ukwambara neza gusa no kumwenyura kuri kamera.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95596/miss-rwanda-2020-irasubiza-alliance-abaye-miss-popurality-atsinze-nishimwe-naomie-wahabwag-95596.html</ref> == Ibyo Nyaminga avuga Nyuma yokuba Miss Popularity == Irasubiza  avuga ko imitekerereze isubiza inyuma ifata abakobwa igomba gutabwa kure .Duhereye ku ijambo genda, yari azi ko ari amahirwe adashobora gufata nk'ukuri abonye uko abantu bamwizera \baramutora .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/miss-popularity-2020-using-her-platform-make-difference</ref> agira ati: "Byari ibintu byiza cyane kubona Abanyarwanda banshyigikira kandi bakantora, banshyira ku rutonde, ariko kandi ni inshingano nahawe." Yongeyeho ko n'uburyo yitwara byagombaga guhinduka kuko y'icyizere abantu bari bamugiriye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/miss-popularity-2020-using-her-platform-make-difference</ref> == Inama == [[Dosiye:Irasubiza Alliance.jpg|thumb|Irasubiza Alliance ]] Irasubiza Aragira inama ababa bagifite uruhare rw’uburinganire bw’inyuma kandi bushingiye ku gitsina kibuza abagore n’abakobwa kureka iyo mitekerereze kuko ntacyo bivuze kandi ikabangamira iterambere. Imitekerereze n'imitekerereze yashyizwe ahagaragara ko abagore badashobora kugera kuri byinshi nk'uko abagabo bababaye rwose ”.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/miss-popularity-2020-using-her-platform-make-difference</ref>Irasubiza yemera ko muri iki gihe, impaka zitagomba kuba ukureba niba abagore babishoboye cyangwa batabishoboye. Byaragaragaye ko iyo abakobwa biyemeje kugera kuntego zabo, barashobora kubikora.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/miss-popularity-2020-using-her-platform-make-difference</ref>Ati: “Umunsi umwe uzumva ko byatinze, ntushobora gutegereza rero kwitegura kuko igihe kirenze. Niba ufite ikizere, uwo muganira, bagiye kukwizera. Ihe amahirwe, wizereAlliance aragira ati : Ku myaka 23, ntakintu nkifite igihe  gikwiye cyo gutangira gukora ikintu. Niba wemera ikintu runaka, niba hari icyo ukunda gukora, jya imbere ubikore kuko hariho abandi bantu babarirwa mu magana batekereza kubintu bimwe.Ati: “Umunsi umwe uzumva ko byatinze, ntushobora gutegereza rero kwitegura kuko igihe kirenze. Niba ufite ikizere, uwo muganira, bagiye kukwizera. Ihe amahirwe wizere.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/miss-popularity-2020-using-her-platform-make-difference</ref> === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Wikigap]] [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 1l6b768wxajqqjphic6q5ex4iyun7se 14 10370 82997 2022-05-06T11:15:42Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uburanga Ubwenge Iterambere 0qfkn2zpayxgm3xyp4fo343a0dlom2z 0 10371 83004 2022-05-06T11:51:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwase Delphine asazwe azwi cyane nka "soleil" muri filime Nyarwanda, afite ishuri rya siporo . == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Uwase Delphine''' (Ortha) ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye cyane muri filime nyarwanda cyane cyane muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] y'uruhererekane nka Bamenya. Ubusanzwe Uwase asanzwe ari umukinnyi ukomeye w'umukino wa karate aho amaze imyaka 15 akina uyu mukino akaba anafite umukandara w'umukara. Afite kandi ishuri ryi gisha ibijyanye na siporo, aho ubu iryo shuri rya siporo yaryise "Kigali Elite Sports Academy" aho batangiranye na Karate, kungu fu, Taekwondo hamwe na Aerobics. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/Uwase-Delphine-uzwi-nka-Soleil-muri-filime-nyarwanda-agiye-gufungura-ishuri-rya-siporo</ref> [[Dosiye:Uwase dephine.gif|thumb|Uwase Delphine]] == Amashakiro == jkiyay0lkg1n67lyt5m5hlw9oh1aofn 0 10372 83537 83061 2022-05-14T12:53:49Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nadia Umutoni ni umunyamakurukazi ukorera ikigo cy'igihugu cy'itangazamakuru (RBA) mu [[Rwanda]], ni umwanditsi ndetse n'umukinnyi w'ikinamico" Ni Nyampinga Sakwe".<ref name=":0">https://www.linkedin.com/in/umutoni-nadia-602805105/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Nadia afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ububanyi n'amahanga yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK) kuva 2015-1018.<ref name=":0" /> yakoze amahugurwa atandukanye kubijyanye no gutara amakuru, kuyavuga no gutanga ibiganiro kuri radio na televiziyo. == Umwuga == Umutoni Nadia afite uburambe mu kazi k'itangazamakuru kuko yakoreye ibinyamakuru bitandukanye kuva afite imyaka 15 aho yakoze ikiganiro cy'urubyiruko mu cyigo mpuzamahanga kitwa Search for common ground in Rwanda, akora ibiganiro bitandukanye kuri television nyarwanda aho akora ibiganiro nka " Waramutse Rwanda" ndetse na "Zoom in"; akora kandi no kubinyamakuru byandika bikorera kuri murandasi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Nadia yasezeranye mu mategeko n'umukunzi we Malik Shaffy kuwa 20 Ukuboza 2020 kubana nk'umugabo n'umugore ubuziraherezo naho kuwa 21 Kanama 2021 nibwo basezeranye imbere y'Imana ubukwe bubera ku nkengero z'ikiyaga cya Kivu .<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/nadia-umutoni-umunyamakuru-ukunzwe-cyane-kuri-televiziyo-rwanda-yasezeranye-mu-mategeko-numusore-bamaze-igihe-bari-mu-munyenga-wurukundoamafoto/</ref><ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyamakuru-ukunzwe-cyane-kuri-televiziyo-rwanda-nadia-umutoni-yakoze-ubukwe-na-marick-bari-bamaze-igihe-mu-munyenga-wurukundoamafoto/</ref> == Amashakiro == g9d73ayklhioc8rbf9ek8sh280l8u88 0 10373 83012 2022-05-06T12:45:07Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Niragire marie france]] to [[Niragire Marie France]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Niragire Marie France]] 7d358drlsltk4sqlenzw9k16mp6n3d2 0 10374 83364 83014 2022-05-12T04:53:46Z EmausBot 1282 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Liza Kamikazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Liza Kamikazi]] h04kt653549czff79riy0n5pscxmffx 0 10375 83016 2022-05-06T12:56:39Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Salma ingabire]] to [[Salma Ingabire]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Salma Ingabire]] 8piwd83rosatpxrjyl3zms7zbm0hpap 0 10376 83020 83019 2022-05-06T13:47:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Benitha.jpg|thumb|Mukandayisenga Benitha]] Mukandayisenga Benitha, Umukinnyi w'umunyarwandakazi wabigize umwuga muri volleyball, aho asigaye akina mu ikipe ya kenya commercial Bank, yo muri [[Kenya]]. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Mukandayisenga Benitha''' (yavutse 05 werurwe 1994) ni umukinnyi w'umunyamwuga wazamukiye mu ikipe y'ikigo ya Saint Aloys i Rwamagana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-mukandayisenga-benitha-yerekeje-muri-kcb-yo-muri-kenya</ref> akaba yarasinye amasezerano bw'ambere mu kuboza 2017 muri APR VC.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benitha_Mukandayisenga</ref> nyuma atwara champiyona yu Rwanda muri 2019 nku mukinnyi wiryo rushyanwa. Yabaye umukinnyi w'ambere ufite amasezerano yababigize umwuga mu 2019 muri [[Alubaniya]]. yakiniye ikipe y'igihugu y'abafite munsi y'imwaka 17, akinira abafite imwaka 20 ikinira n'ikipe nkuru yu [[Rwanda]].<ref>http://www.bvbinfo.com/player.asp?ID=20590</ref><ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/267882</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Mukandayisenga Benitha !UBWENEGIHUGU !Rwanda |- |umwanya Akinaho |Mubinyuma |- |Igihe yavukiye |1994-03-05 |- |Uburebure |185cm |- |Ibiro afite |65kg |- |Aho akubita umupira |300cm |- |Block |295cm |- |Ukuboko akoresha cyane |ukwiburyo |} === IBYO YAGEZEHO === Usibye Volleyball yo munzu (indoor volleyyball),<ref>https://en.volleyballworld.com/en/beachvolleyball/worldtour/2020/waag2019/women/teams/951975-munezero%20-benitha/benitha_mukandayisenga?id=172650</ref> '''Mukandayisenga''' sanzwe ari n'umukinnyi wa Vollyball yo ku mucanga, aho yitabiriye amarushanwa meshi atandukanye kwisi.Ubu akaba ari mu ikipe ya KCB.<ref>https://women.volleybox.net/benitha-mukandayisenga-p30239/clubs</ref><ref>http://www.caanathletics.com/index.php/women-players</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Mukandayisenga Benitha !Timeline !Ikipe yakiniye !Abo bagiye bakinana !Ipike y'igihugu !Amarushanwa !Ibikombe |- |2 |4 |2 |26 |9 |2 |} === AMAKIPE YAKINIYE === '''Mukandayisenga Benatha''' yakiniye amakipe atadukanye haba hano ku mugabane w'[[Afurika]] cyangwa [[Burayi|iburayi]].Yakiniye ikipye y'ingabo z'igihugu APR VC, Akinira ekipe ya Partizani, isazwe ikina icyiciro cya mbere muri shampiyona ya alubaniya. yakiniye ikipe ya [https://www.utb.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya UTB], gusa itararambye kuko yaje gusenyuka imaze imyaka 4 gusa.<ref>https://www.utb.ac.rw/</ref> Kuri ubu Mukandayisenga Benitha ari gukinira ikipe ya [https://ke.kcbgroup.com/ KCB].<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-mukandayisenga-benitha-yerekeje-muri-kcb-yo-muri-kenya</ref><ref>https://ke.kcbgroup.com/</ref> === AMASHAKIRO === 9h58234tn0aqhq4orgf4rlpnz76dhef 0 10377 83025 2022-05-06T14:01:22Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Kayitesi Usta]] to [[Kaitesi Usta]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kaitesi Usta]] hub6inysyglbddt8pkqcp1d2736tp0y 0 10378 83028 2022-05-06T14:04:37Z Germain92 9488 # WikiGapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Mukamana Esperance == Mu [[Rwanda]] nahandi kwisi haba ikigo cy'ubutaka gishinzwe imiturire imyubakire nugutanga uburenganzira kuri<ref>https://rlma.rw/index.php?id=107</ref> banyiri ubutaka nonguca akarendane ninduru bihora mubutaka mu [[Rwanda]] icyo kigo kiyobowe na Mukamana Esperance ni umunyarwandakazi <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/ba-noteri-bigenga-bagiye-kwemererwa-gutanga-serivisi-z-ubutaka</ref> == Reba == ohpm2p23s2iuu0iqkafdfkd9vigcyo0 0 10379 83054 83053 2022-05-06T17:23:48Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zura Karuhimbi''' ( Yavutse mu 1925 apfa mu 2018), Ni umunya[[rwanda]]<nowiki/>kazi w'intwari wahawe umudali w'ishimwe wo mu rwego rw'umurinzi, kubera igikorwa cy'ubutwari yakoze mu gihe Genocide yakorerwa abatutsi mu 1994,aho yarokeye abagera kuri 150 yifashishije umuvuzi gakondo ndetse n'imitsindo y'Abakurambere.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/Ruhango-Yarokoye-abasaga-100-akangisha-abicanyi-ko-abateza-Nyabingi]<ref>[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63414/yarokoye-abarenga-150-muri-jenoside-akoresheje-imitsindo-63414.html]</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Itariki y'amavuko ya Karuhimbi ntiramenyekana ,amakuru amwe avuga ashobora kuba yaravutse nko mu 1909, ariko akeka ko yavutse ahagana mu 1925 ariyo tariki yavuzwe ku ndangamuntu ye. Karuhimbi yavutse m'umuryango w'abavuzi ba gakondo mu mudugudu wa Musamo mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], nko mu rugendo rw'isaha imwe uvuye mu murwa mukuru wa [[Kigali]] . Mu gihe cy'Impinduramatwara y'u [[Rwanda]] yiboneye ihohoterwa ryakorewe [[Abatutsi|y'abatutsi]] bikozwe n'ubutegetsi ndetse n'imiryango myinshi y'Abahutu . == Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi == [[Dosiye:Giardino_dei_Giusti_del_Mondo_di_Padova_062.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Stele yeguriwe Zura Karuhimbi mu Jaride yahariwe abatagatifu ihereye i Padua m'Ubutaliyayani .]] Mu 1994, Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi hongeye kugaragara ihohoterwa rishingiye ku nyoko muntu ryahitanye abantu abatutsi barenga 800.000, Karuhimbi yari umupfakazi ugeze mu za bukuru. Yafashaga Abatutsi kimwe [[Uburundi|n'Abarundi]] ndetse n'Abanyaburayi batatu kwihisha mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu. Karuhimbi yahishe impunzi mu nzu ye y'ibyumba bibiri, kandi bishoboka ko yari mu mwobo mu murima we. Muri rusange yakijije abantu barenga 100, harimo n'impinja yakijije amaboko ya ba nyina bapfuye.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46618482]</ref> Mu kurwanya imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ndetse n'Interahamwe, Karuhimbi yavugagako akorana n'imyuka mibi. Kugirango agumane isura ye nk "umurozi" yashushanyije ku inzu ye n'ibyatsi karemano.Karuhimbi yavuze ko inzu ye ituwe n'abazimu kandi akangisha ko abagerageza kwinjira bazakuramo imyuka mibi n'uburakari bw'Imana ubwabo. Yashimangiye umuburo we amukubita amaboko yuzuye igikomo anakangisha ko niba hari impunzi ziciwe mu nzu ye noneho abicanyi bari "gucukura imva zabo".<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-46691923</ref> Interahamwe zagerageje guha ruswa Karuhimbi kugira ngo azemerere kugera iwe ariko aranga. Abari bahungiye iwe bose ndetse hamwe na Karuhimbi barokotse itsemba n'itsembabwoko. == Ibihembo ndetse n'ibigwi == Nyuma ya jenoside, Karuhimbi yavuze ko yari umukirisitu kandi ko ibikorwa bye by'ubupfumu byari uburyo bwo gukumira ibitero. Mu 2006 yahawe igihembo na Perezida [[Paul Kagame|Paul Kagame ,]] kubera uruhare rukomeye mu kurokora abatutsi bahigwaga muri Jenoside . Karuhimbi yaje kwambara umudari igihe cyose, awushyira munsi y'umusego we igihe yari aryamye. Mu myaka ye yakurikiyeho, yakomeje kuba mu nzu imwe yakoreshaga mu gucumbikira impunzi nubwo zasenyutse imyaka. Karuhimbi yapfiriye iwe ku ya 17 Ukuboza 2018.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/Ruhango-Yarokoye-abasaga-100-akangisha-abicanyi-ko-abateza-Nyabingi]</ref> == Urupfu == Zura Karuhimbi yitabye Imana muri 2018 iwe kubera uburwayi bw'izabukuru. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/zula-karuhimbi-eulogized-heroine-selfless-patriot]</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intwari]] drwe3nsu7mqe5rj1kxxxykg9zv0owvp 0 10380 83127 83122 2022-05-07T22:05:39Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali , orthographe changes wikitext text/x-wiki Berna Namata n'icyamamare mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri [[Afurika|Afurika y'uburasirazuba]] ni umugore ukiri muto<ref>https://thomsonfoundation.edcastcloud.com/learn/effective-exercise-of-freedom-of-information-for-journalists-in-rwanda-fall-2019</ref> uvuka mu gihugu cya Kenya ariko akaba akorera umwuga we w'itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]] == Berna Namata == Berna ni inzobere muri [[Afurika]] aho uruhare rwe runini yibanda mu guteza imbere [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] no kuzamura urubuga rwa e-learning, Journalism . Berna kandi akora nk'umuyobozi w' ibiro by'ikinyamakuru cyo mu karere National Media Group gitambuka buri cyumweru The African rifite icyicaro muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://www.chevening.org/authors/berna-namata/</ref> == Inyandiko == Berna Namata kandi uretse ibiganiro byamamaye cyane bica kuri [[Rwanda|televiziyo y'u Rwanda]] (RBA) <ref>https://www.legalaidrwanda.org/co1.php</ref> Berna azwi nk'umwanditsi w'inkuru nyinshi mu binyamakuru bitandukanye byinshi bikorera kuri murandasi yagiye yandika <ref>https://nation.africa/service/search/kenya/290754?query=Berna%20Namata&facetFilters=authors:1930900&sortByDate=true&channelId=516</ref>. <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/hotel-rwanda-hero-paul-rusesabagina-arrest-trial-1930898</ref> == Reba == klri084t8mdozmnr0bi3xlekjzs9olj 0 10381 83036 2022-05-06T15:10:22Z Nishimirwe 10326 Nishimirwe moved page [[Shadyboo]] to [[Shaddyboo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Shaddyboo]] oblhpd8w81jan4vmkc3l0xeyw0fvqgb 0 10382 83038 83037 2022-05-06T15:50:12Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishimwe Herniette''' Umukinnyi w’ikipe y’[[Rwanda Nziza|igihugu y’u Rwanda]] mu bagore mu mukino wa Cricket, ujya i Dubai muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu (UAE) aho yitabira irushanwa mpuzamahanga “Fairbreak Global Invitational” ryitabiriwe n’amakipe menshi agizwe n’abakinnyi b’ibihangange ku [[Isi|Isi.]] == UBUZIMA BWITE == [[Dosiye:IYANYAYO.jpg|thumb|Ishimwe Herniette]] '''Ishimwe Herniette''' (wavutse 1 Mutarama 2003) usanzwe ari Visi Kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu ya Cricket ari mu ikipe yitwa "The Barmy Army Team",<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=9661</ref> aho aba ari kumwe n’abandi bakinnyi  bakomeye ku  Isi  bari mu ikipe nkuko bikorwa mu mukino wa Cricket.<ref>http://www.rebero.co.rw/2022/04/30/henriette-ishimwe-agiye-gukinira-ikipe-yitwa-the-barmy-army-team/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116765/cricket-umunyarwandakazi-ishimwe-herniette-agiye-gukinana-nibihangange-ku-isi-muiri-uyu-mu-116765.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Ishimwe Herniette.jpg|thumb|Ishimwe Herniette agiye i Dubai]] === AMARUSHANWA YITABIRIYE === '''Ishimwe Herniette''' yitabirye amarushwanwa atadukanye ku [[isi]] muri 26 kamena 2019 ryabereye muri [[Nijeriya|nigeria]] i [[Abuja|Abija]] muri National Stadium, umukino ubanza bahuye nikipe y'igihugu ya [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]]. Nanone bongeye kwitabira irushanwa i [[harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]] muri Gicurasi 2019,ku mucyino 2 batsinze [[Mozambike]] 48 kuri 40, aha yabaye umukinnyi w'umukino. bakomeza batsinda undi mukino wabahuje na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzanie]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henriette_Ishimwe</ref><ref>https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/henriette-ishimwe-1172634</ref> [[Dosiye:Download (2).jpg|thumb|Ishimwe Herniette]] ==== AMASHAKIRO ==== 0ul5ifnncp9l16v266788rt8izug8y4 0 10383 83045 83044 2022-05-06T16:28:13Z Puerta25 10599 /* Amashuri yize. */ wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:DR. Uwera claudine.jpg|thumb|Claudine Uwera]] Claudine Uwera Umunyarwandakazi wumunyapolitiki akaba ni mpuguke mubukungu ubu akaba na minisitiri Ushinzwe Imiteganyirize bwubucuruzi bwigihe kirambye,muri Minisiteri Yubucucuzi n'Imali.Umwanya ariho kuva muri 2018.<ref><nowiki>https://www.statistics.gov.rw/press/news/newly-appointed-minister-state-charge-economic-planning-visits-nisr</nowiki></ref> == Amashuri yize. == <ref>https://ursweden.ur.ac.rw/?q=node/410</ref>Claudine Uwera Kuva 2008 kugeza 2013 yabonye impamya bushobozi yikirenga (PHD) yakuye muri kaminuza ya University of Gothenburg muri Sweden mubijyanye Nubukungu(Economics studies).<ref>https://www.efdinitiative.org/news/gothenburg-alumna-claudine-uwera-becomes-rwandan-minister</ref> == Imirimo yakoze. == Claudine Uwera Yakoze imyaka icumi (10years) yigisha muri kaminuza y'uRwanda mwishami ryubukungu.(UR_School of economics). == Amakuru arushijeho. == d72hzdribizrsytxnwfynm7g7fkbbzi 0 10384 83049 2022-05-06T17:01:52Z Nishimirwe 10326 Nishimirwe moved page [[Dj brianne]] to [[Dj Brianne]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dj Brianne]] actwbvhdjayfhsvfsrcoq03hwcgjwc4 0 10385 83120 83076 2022-05-07T20:24:03Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigaoKigali - orthographe changes and reference added wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bwiza Emerance.jpg|thumb|Bwiza Emerance]] '''Bwiza Emerance''' ni umukobwa w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umwanditsi, umuririmbyi n'umuhimbyi w'indirimbo uri kuzamuka mu muziki nyarwanda akaba ari nawe watsinze irushanwa rya "The Next Diva _Indi Mbuto" ryabaye ku nshuro yaryo ya mbere. Aho arimo no kwitegura kugaragaza alubumu yakoze ya mbere. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Bwiza Emerance''' (yavutse 09 Kanama 1999) ni umukobwa w'[[imfura]] iwabo mu muryango w'abana bane , mu bakobwa babiri n'abahungu babiri. akaba abana na Nyina na Se mu Mujyi wa [[Nyamata]] mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]]. Yavukiye i Gitarama, ni mu [[akarere ka Muhanga]] mu [[intara y'amajyepfo]], umuryango we waje kwimukira i [[Kigali]] nyuma bajya gutura i Nyamata.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/Bwiza.html</ref> === AMASHURI YIZE === '''Bwiza Emerance''' amashuri abanza yayize kuri Kigali Harvest mu murenge wa Kimihurura. Icyiciro rusange yize mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Yozefu, amaze guhitamo ishami ryo kwiga yize igihe gito mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Berinadeta mu [[akarere ka Gisagara|karere ka Gisagara]], asoreza ayisumbuye mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Aloyizi mu [[akarere ka Rwamagana|karere ka Rwamagana]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Bwiza Emerance yiga mu mwaka wa mbere muri Kaminuza ya [[Mount Kenya University|Mount Kenya]] mu ishami ry'ibijyanye n'ubukerarugendo (Hospitality and Tourism Management ), aho yatangiye kuhiga mu mwaka 2020.<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/bwiza-emerance-yahigitse-abagera-kuri-210-yegukana-irushanwa-ryateguwe-na-kikac-music-label</ref> <ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108628/bwiza-emerance-yarangije-album-ya-mbere-yakozweho-nabarimo-madebeats-na-danny-vumbi-108628.html</ref> === IBIJYANYE N' UMUZIKI === Uyu mukobwa ukiri muto '''Bwiza emerance''' yakuze akunda umuziki ahanini biturutse ku kuba yarajyanaga n'ababyeyi be mu rusengero akishimira uko baririmba. Uko yigiraga hejuru mu myaka ni nako yajyaga kuririmba muri korali zitandukanye zirimo izabana arabikomeza kugeza n'ubu. Uyu mukobwa yaririmbye muri korali kuva ku myaka 8 y'amavuko, ku buryo atazibuka neza amazina<ref name=":0" />. Ndetse muri iki gihe ni umwe mu baririmbyi b'urusengero asengeramo rwakoreraga i kigali nyuma rwimukira i Nyamata. Akaba ashishikajwe cyane no gushyira itafari ku muziki w'abakobwa mu [[Rwanda]], akagaragaza ko ibyo abahungu bakora n'abakobwa babikora mu muziki.<ref name=":0" /> === IBIHEMBO === '''Bwiza Emerance''' amaze kubona igihembo aho yatsinze irushanwa "The Next Diva-Indi Mbuto" ryabaye ku nshuro yaryo ya mbere,aho ryateguwe na KIKAC Music Label. Ibyo byamuhaye amahirwe yo guhita atangira gufashwa n'iyi nzu isanzwe itunganya umuziki ikorana n'abahanzi mukubazamura babamenyekanisha, bakaba barasinyanye amasezerano y'imyaka 5 bakorana, akaba amaze gukoreramo albumu ye ya mbere kugeza ubu atarabonera izina ; iyo alubumu izaba ivuga k'urukundo n'ubuzima busanzwe, aho buri ndirimbo izajya isohokana n'amashusho yayo.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108628/bwiza-emerance-yarangije-album-ya-mbere-yakozweho-nabarimo-madebeats-na-danny-vumbi-108628.html</ref> == Reba == obw5u35q1x8q7tbzmaezrhxev2fp4xu 0 10386 83071 83069 2022-05-07T05:37:22Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marthe Yankurije''' (yavutse 5 Nyakanga 1994) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] w'umukinnyi wabigize umwuga mukwiiruka intera ndende . Muri 2018, yatsindinze isiganwa ryaberaga u [[Rwanda]] muri metero 10,000 na Shampiyona izenguruka igihugu . Yatsinze kandi isiganwa rya kimwe cya kabiri cya marato muri 2021 ya [[Kigali]] International Peace Marathon, kandi yitabira mu mikino Olempike mu kiciro cya metero 5000 <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202107300567.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Yankurije ahatanira mu ikipe ya APR Athletics Club; mbere ya 2016, yarushanwe muri Nyamasheke Athletics Club. Yatangiye imikino ngororamubiri afite imyaka 17 Yatangiye muri marathon ya [[Kigali]] 2014, arangiza ari uwa gatanu, hanyuma nyuma y'umwaka, yitabira amarushanwa ya Afurika Cross Country 2014, arangiza ari 35. Yaje ku mwanya wa kane mu gice cya kabiri cya marathon muri [[Kigali]] International Peace Marathon 2017 maze atsinda 20 kilometres (12 mi) muri [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] marathon . <ref name="NTBugesera">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/athletics-apr-runners-dominate-bugesera-20km-race</ref> Yankurije yatsindiye metero 10,000 muri Shampiyona yo gusiganwa y'igihugu y'u [[Rwanda]] 2018. <ref>http://www.africathle.com/2018/07/01/rwanda-championship-kigali-1072018/</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye irushanwa ry’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]] mu kuzenguruka igihugu <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/hitimana-yankurije-are-national-cross-country-champions</ref> maze aza ku mwanya wa gatatu mu gice cya kabiri cya marathon muri Kigali International Peace Marathon 2018, <ref>https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=510371</ref> na Dar Marathon muri [[Tanzaniya]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/raf-hails-duo-after-dar-marathon-heroics</ref> Muri 2019, yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri muri Kigali International Peace Marathon , <ref>[https://eng.inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90396/rwandan-marthe-yankurije-wins-second-medal-in-kigali-international-peace-marathon-90396.html#! https://eng.inyarwanda.com/inkuru/90396/rwandan-marthe-yankurije-wins-second-medal-in-kigali-international-peace-marathon-90396.html#!]</ref> maze atsinda 20 kilometres (12 mi) ibyabaye muri [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] na none abisubiramo. <ref name="NTBugesera" /> Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye isiganwa rya metero 10,000 mu mikino nyafurika ya 2019 ; yari umwe mu bakinnyi babiri gusa bo mu [[Rwanda]] mu irushanwa. Muri 2020, yatsinze [[Butare|Huye]] Half Marathon mugihe cya 1:15:15. <ref>http://imvahonshya.co.rw/muhitira-na-yankurije-ni-bo-begukanye-huye-half-marathon-2020/</ref> Yarangije kandi umwanya wa gatatu mu isiganwa rya Trier rya 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) . <ref>https://www.runnersworld.de/news-fotos/silvesterlauf-trier-2020/</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2021, yitabiriye irushanwa ryo gusiganwa ku maguru muri [[Zambiya]] ryabereye i Lusaka, imikino yo gushaka itike yo kuzitabira imikino Olempike ya 2020 . <ref>https://africafootunited.com/jo-tokyo-2020-tqo-les-rwandaises-marthe-yankurije-et-honorine-iribagiza-en-zambie-pour-une-ultime-chance-de-qualification/</ref> Muri kamena, yatsindinze igice cya marathon muri Kigali International Peace Marathon. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yahawe ikarita yo mu [[Rwanda]] yo kwitabira imikino Olempike ya 2020. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/martha-yankurije-turns-focus-olympic-games</ref> Yarushanwe muri metero 5000 ; <ref>https://newtimes.co.rw/sports/tokyo-2020-games-are-rwandan-athletes-ready</ref> yarangije umwanya wa 17 <ref name=":0">https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/result-women-s-5000m-rnd1-000200-.htm</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yankurije yavutse muri Nyakanga 1994. Akomoka mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Karere ka Nyamasheke]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Kw'ishure, yakinaga [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] hamwe na [[Umupira w’intoke|handball]] . Yavuye mu ishuri kare, mu mwaka wa kane w'amashuri yisumbuye muri 2012.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] rws4xcmn41ymchofjeju6zm7txnicd6 0 10387 83118 83075 2022-05-07T19:31:53Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigaoKigali - orthographe changes wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nema Marie Jeanne''' asanzwe ari umunyamakuru aho akora kuri [https://raddio.net/310985-authentic-radio-rwanda/ Radio Authentic],<ref>https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/928authentic/</ref> n'ahandi akaba ari n'umuririmbyi ukomeye mu itorero rya ADEPR aho aririmba mu ma korali akomeye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nka korali Iriba na korali New Melody, n'izindi nyinshi zo muri Kigali aho ari n'umwarimu wa muzika. [[Dosiye:Nema Jeanne.gif|thumb|Nema Marie Jeanne]] == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Nema Marie Jeanne''' ( yavutse 1989) ni umunyarwandakazi, umuririmbyi, umuhanzi, umuvugabutumwa bwiza bwa Kristo Yesu. Ni umugore w'umunyarwanda washakanye n'umugabo witwa Ndayambaje Aimé aho basezeranye kubana akaramata muri Mutarama 2017 bamaranye imyaka 7 bakundana,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72988/umunyamakuru-neema-yakoze-ubukwe-bw-agatangaza-arushingana-n-72988.html</ref> akaba kandi ari umubyeyi w'umwana umwe w'umukobwa.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71479/neema-marie-jeanne-yerekanywe-mu-rusengero-avugirizwa-impund-71479.html</ref> Azwi cyane muri korali Iriba yo muri [http://www.adepr.rw/ ADEPR] Taba mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] kuko ariho n'ababyeyi be batuye, yamamaye mu ndirimbo nka "Ntakibasha na "witinya" bamwe bise "[[Yakobo]]",Nema akaba ariwe wumvikana cyane muri izo ndirimbo akaba kandi aririmba bihoraho muri korali New Melody ,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/108253/new-melody-choir-yakoze-indirimbo-ndakwiringiye-yibutsa-abantu-bose-ko-ntawukorwa-nisoni-i-108253.html</ref> <ref>https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html</ref><ref>https://cepurhuye.org/kurikirana-new-melody-choir-namwe-mu-mafoto-yabo-muri-iki-gitarane-cyahinduye-imitima-ya-benshi-kuri-uyumunsi-wa-gatandatu-wigiterane-cyivugabutumwa/</ref>aho ayibereye umuyobozi. Nema ni umuririmbyi ufite ijwi ryiza ndetse n'ubuhanga bigashimangirwa n'uburyo akunze kwiyambazwa cyane n'amakorali atandukanye ngo ayafashe kandi akomeye ya hano mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]].<ref>https://m.halloapakabar.com/track/inzira-ndende-by-neema-marie-jeanne.html</ref><ref>https://agakiza.org/New-Melody-yashyize-hanze-indirimbo-nshya-Ndakwiringiye-ihumuriza-abari-mu.html</ref> == Reba == si15skmg66b86hdp1zvcwhifpmnw8fx 0 10388 83081 2022-05-07T08:59:34Z Nishimirwe 10326 Nishimirwe moved page [[Uwineza clarisse]] to [[Uwineza Clarisse]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uwineza Clarisse]] lttqcy6x07dmwg7hwjpkzlkf1xhie8t 0 10389 83085 83083 2022-05-07T09:36:17Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Joy Mukanyange.png|thumb|Joy Mukanyange in 2013]] '''Joy Mukanyange''' n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba n'umurwanashyaka kuburenganzira bwa muntu. Yabaye ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] nyuma muri [[Kenya]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwandan-politicians-who-once-called-the-shots-where-are-they-now--1353442</ref>. == Ubuzima == Joy Mukanyange yakuriye i Gikongoro arerwa n'umuryango urwanya amakimbirane. Nyuma y’ibitero byibasiye abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] kuko umuryango we wahunze mu 1959 ujya mu nkambi y’impunzi muri [[Uganda]]<ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref>. Nyuma yimukiye mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]]. Yagiye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Uganda]] arangiza afite ubuvanganzo. Mu myaka ya za 1980, yabaye i Nairobi muri [[Kenya]], aho yari umunyamabanga w'ishyirahamwe rya Nyampinga association ryitaga ku mpunzi z'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://www.therwandan.com/ki/madame-angelique-kantengwa-yishe-itegeko-rya-munyangire/</ref> <ref name="isec" /> Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]], yabaye Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] <ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> kandi yari umuyobozi w’u [[Rwanda]] witabiriye igihano cy’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe muri Nzeri 1998 [[Jean Kambanda]] . <ref name="lat">[http://articles.latimes.com/1998/sep/05/news/mn-19750 Rwandan Ex-Premier Gets Life Term], Ann M. Simmons, 5 September 1998, LA Times, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> == umwuga == Mu 1999 yabaye Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]] yayoboye kugeza mu 2002. <ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> Mukanyange yahagarariye igihugu cye bihoraho muri UNEP na UNCHS. <ref>[http://www.unep.org/roa/docs/ROA%20news/roa%20news%202edition.pdf A message from the exec director], UNEP, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> Muri 2014 yatangaje ko hari iterambere ryiza igihugu cye kimaze gutera mu bijyanye no guteza imbere uburinganire. Ibi byari mu nshingano ze nk'umuvugizi w'ubujyanama kuri politike afite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. yavuze ko Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe na 64% by'abagore, nubwo iyi mibare ihinduka cyane muri guverinoma. 50% by'ubucamanza ni abagore nubwo ari 30% gusa mu nkiko za Gacaca . 98% by'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] bitaweho mbere yo kubyara kandi abakobwa biyandikisha mu mashuri barenze abahungu kandi bombi bari hejuru - kugeza hejuru ya 95%. <ref name="bei">[http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-06-06/75874/ Beijing declaration: How did Rwanda perform?], Ivan Ngoboka, NewTimes, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref><ref>http://africarealities.blogspot.com/2014/09/rwandalibre-rwanda-bamwe-mu-banyarwanda.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 936us5mti654713uzbwe5maajp068rf 0 10390 83084 2022-05-07T09:36:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwicyeza Pamella, ni umwe mu bakobwa bitabiriye irushwanwa rya Nyampinga w'u Rwanda muri 2019, akaba kandi ari m'urukundo n'umuhanzi Nyarwanda The Ben rumaze igihe ruvugwa mu itangazamakuru . == UBUZIMA BWITE == [[Dosiye:Pamella Uwicyeza.jpg|thumb|Uwicyeza Pamella]] hfzx35plhjztkbsomjfi68ojjt9hxso 0 10391 83116 83108 2022-05-07T19:22:01Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[JUDICA’ELLE IRAKOZE]] to [[Judicaelle Irakoze]] wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judicaelle irakoze''' yavutse taliki ya 14 Mata 1994,ni umurundi akabazwiho kuba aharanire uburenganzira bwabari nab'ategarugori,Akabari n'umwanditsi,akaba Arina rwiyemeza mirimo ibikorwa byiwe byinshi byibanda ku bagore b'abirabura/Abagore b''''Abanyafurika''',Uburenganzira bw'Abimukura n'impunzi,kwihangira imirimo y'abakobwa bo muri '''Afurika''',akanigisha kubirebana n'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'imyororokere,hamwe n'uburinganire muri rusange. avugako kugiti cyiwe ntakidashoboka. Judicaelle niwe washinze Kandi akaba n'Umuyobozi muri Hitamo wowe,Umuryango uharanira inyungu za '''Afurika''' ku bagore n'abakobwa.Judicaelle akora nk'umuhuza bikorwa byo gusesengura no gutegura hamwe igice cyimikorere itandukanye. judicaelle yayoboye ibiganiro bitandukanye,yijyeze no kuvugira munama muzamahanga bita '''Horasis Global''',munama zitandukanye z'umunyango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'''Uburayi''' nzongera ibikorwa bitandukanye muma kaminuza nk'ishuri ry'uburinganire muri kaminuza ya '''Tufts'''. Judicaelle ni umufatanya bikorwa na komisiyo yubirayi ya 2019 mubijyanye nokureba nabimukira na '''G20''' bakiri bato bahindura isi kuburinganire mu cyiciro cya '''Global solutions Initiatives''' yo muri 2019. Judicaelle Kandi ni umwanditsi Uzwi ndetse inyandiko ziwe zatangiye ibiganiro byisi yose kuri Decolonization,Yanditse kubitabo binini birimo nka '''Essense,Press''' herald Kandi atanga umusanzu muri feminism ny'Afurika.[https://www.judicaelleirakoze.org/] kdcomzm5izf7dc7b2des43gfeg99n98 0 10392 83100 83093 2022-05-07T12:25:50Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' asazwe aba muri [[Amerika]] aherutse guhabwa amakamba menshi harimo n'ikamba ry'igisonga cya Kane yari yariganyijwe muri Miss [[African Wildlife Foundation|Africa]] Arizona iheruka kuba.[[Dosiye:ISHIMWE ELYSE.jpg|thumb|Ishimwe Sandra Elyse]] == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' ni umunyarwandakazi  afite imyaka 23 ubu aba muri mu Mujyi wa fonixe muri Arizona. Yavukiye mu [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]] aba ari naho akurira. Ni umwana wa kabiri mu muryango w’abana bane. Ubwo yari akiri muto, yabonye amahirwe yo kujya kwiga mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] nyuma aza kuhava ajya kuba muri British Guiana mu [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amarika y'Epho]]. Nyuma yaje kujya muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika]] muri Arizona ari naho aba kugeza ubu. === IBYO AKUNDA === '''Ishimwe Sandra Elyse''' Akunda gutembera, kunguka inshuti nshya, gusoma ibitabo no kuzamuka imisozi. Ubu ari kwiga ibijyanye no kumurika imideli no gukina filime muri [https://www.johncasablancastestimonials.com/ John Casablancas Modeling and Acting Agency]. Arimo no kwiga Icyiciro cya Kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n’Ubuzima. Uyu mukobwa avuga neza [[Ikinyarwanda]], Igishinwa, [[Icyongereza]] n’[[Igifaransa]]. === AMAKAMBA YOSE YAHAWE === I'''shimwe Sandra Elyse''' yari yabonye amakamba ya Miss Congeniality na The Best Evening Gown muri iri rushanwa. Aya uko ari abiri yiyongereyeho ikamba ry’Igisonga cya Kane. iri kamba rya 4 barimuhaye nyuma yo gusanga bari babaze amanota ye nabi.“Irushanwa rirangiye ku wa 9 Mata, habayeho gusubiramo kubara amaota yose, dusanga ko hari aho bibeshye ni ko kumugira Igisonga cya Kane.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto</ref> === UMUSHINGA YARI AFITE === Uyu Ishimw kuba yahawe iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuri we cyane ko rizamufasha mu bikorwa bye. Ati “Guhabwa iri kamba bivuze ikintu gikomeye kuko narariruhiye none birangiye ndibonye kandi kuba ari ikintu nzahorana bizamfasha. Bigiye bituma ntangira ibikorwa by’umushinga nari mfite.” Ibikorwa bye azabitangirira muri Arizona ariko arateganya kubigeza no mu Rwanda. Ati “Nintanabasha kuza mu Rwanda nzifashisha inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo ibikorwa by’umushinga wanjye bigere ku bo byagenewe.” Sandra Elyse Ishimwe afite umushinga ugamije gufasha abategarugori 140 muri Amerika no mu Rwanda.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-sandra-elyse-uhagarariye-u-rwanda-muri-miss-africa-arizona-yavuze</ref> Mu minsi yashize yavuzeko ko uyu mushinga we waturutse ku buzima bugoye yanyuzemo ariko akaza gufashwa n’umutegarugori bataziranye.<ref>https://www.thechoicelive.com/miss-africa-arizona-2022-umunyarwandakazi-ishimwe-sandra-elyse-yegukanye-amakamba-abiri</ref> Uretse ibyo kandi hari ubuzima abari n’abategarugori banyuzemo mu bihe bikomeye bya COVID-19 ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya ‘Guma mu rugo’<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-57873356</ref><ref>https://www.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/gov_user_upload/Publications/Cabinet_Resolutions/Itangazo_ry_Ibyemezo_by_Inama_y_Abaminisitiri_yo_kuwa_14_Mata_2021.pdf</ref> yatangiye muri Werurwe 2020 ahenshi ku Isi,<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/imirenge-imaze-iminsi-14-muri-guma-mu-rugo-iramenya-ibyemezo-yafatiwe-kuri-uyu-wa-gatatu</ref> aho abenshi bakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-52269542</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/topic/ihohoterwa-rishingiye-ku-gitsina</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abagabo-barenga-7000-bakorewe-ihohoterwa-ririmo-irishingiye-ku-gitsina-mu-myaka</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/reports/ubushakashatsi-ku-ihohoterwa-rikorerwa-abana-nurubyiruko</ref>abangavu benshi batewe inda<ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/rw/kurinda-umwana</ref> zitateganyijwe,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-41723587</ref> ingo nyinshi zihura n’ikibazo cy’inzara.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ihere-ijisho-uburanga-bw-umunyarwandakazi-uri-guhatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-africa</ref> Ibyo byamuteye gutangiza umushinga udaharanira inyungu witwa “The Ursula Women Foundation’’ uzita kandi ukanateza imbere abari n’abategarugori cyane cyane abagizweho n’ingaruka zaturutse kuri Covid-19.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/115607/sandra-elyse-yatangaje-icyo-azakora-niyegukana-ikamba-rya-miss-arizona-africa-amafoto-115607.html</ref> Avuga ko impamvu yahisemo izina ‘The Ursula Women Foundation ari uko “Ursula’’<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amafoto-dore-zimwe-mu-nyamaswa-usanzwe-wumva-ariko-ushobora-kwitiranya</ref> ari izina ry’igisimba mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] bakunze kwita “idubu”.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/idubu-ryasanze-umugabo-mu-nzu-ye-rimwica-mu-buryo-buteye-agahinda</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-sandra-elyse-ishimwe-uri-mu-bahatanira-miss-africa-arizona-amafoto</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60344823</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/10/umukinnyi-w-yishe-idubu-ry-600-ryishe.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Ishimwe.gif|thumb|Ishimwe Sandra Elyse]] Ni cyo cya mbere ku [[Isi]] kizwiho kuba ahantu hagoranye cyane mu urubura n’ubukonje bwinshi, ariko kikaba kihabaye ibinyejana n’ibinyejana kubera imwe mu myitwarire yacyo irimo kwemera cyangwa kwakira no kwihangana. Ati “Umutegarugori nawe namugereranyije n’iyo nyamaswa yiga kuba ahantu hagoye ariko ntibiyibuze kubaho. Na bo babaho mu buzima bugoye ariko bakabasha gutanga umusanzu ukomeye mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]];<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umugabo-wishwe-nidubu-atabara-abana-be-akomeje-gushimwa-na-benshi/</ref> ni bo batwita <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-50157963</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/36596577</ref>amezi icyenda, bakabyara, bakagira uruhare mu mikurire y’umwana kuko aribo bamukurikirana umunsi ku wundi.” Umuryango The Ursula Women Foundation watangijwe n’uyu mukobwa urateganya guhindurira ubuzima abari n’abategarugori 70 bo mu Mujyi wa Fonixi muri [[Amerika|Leta ya Arizona muri Amerika]] ndetse n’abagera kuri 70 bo mu [[Rwanda]]. Uzahera ku bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura mu gihe kingana n’umwaka umwe gusa, ndetse imibare ikazagenda yiyongera ubwo uzagenda wagura ibikorwa byawo mu bihugu bitandukanye hirya no hino ku [[Isi]].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ishimwe-yahawe-ikamba-yari-yariganijwe-muri-miss-africa-arizona-2022</ref> == Reba == o3xh93xrb47q9129att7o0alw5bt0jg 0 10393 83091 83089 2022-05-07T10:39:02Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dinah Musindarwezo''' [[Rwanda|n'umunyarwandakazi]] wamenyekanye muguharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore. Ni umuyobozi wa politiki n’itumanaho muri Womankind Worldwide, kandi yahoze ari Umuyobozi mukuru w’Umuryango nyafurika ushinzwe iterambere n’itumanaho (FEMNET)<ref>https://www.womankind.org.uk/team/dinah-musindarwezo/</ref><ref>https://www.mewc.org/index.php/community/our-monthly-interview/6092-our-interview-of-the-month-with-dinah-musindarwezo</ref>. == Ubuzima == Mu mwaka wa 2010, Musindarwezo yakoraga nk'inzobere mu buringanire bw'umugabo n'umugore muri Noruveje . <ref>Jina Moore, [https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2010/1113/Global-leadership-In-Rwanda-women-run-the-show Global leadership: In Rwanda, women run the show], ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', 13 November 2010. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Muri 2012 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa FEMNET, <ref name="Standard">[https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001285574/meet-ms-memory-kachambwa-the-new-femnet-s-executive-director Meet Ms Memory Kachambwa, the new FEMNET's Executive Director], ''[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]]'', 26 June 2018. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> ufite icyicaro muri [[Kenya]] . <ref>[[Swanee Hunt]], [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/4/140404-rwanda-genocide-parliament-kigali-rwandan-patriotic-front-world-women-education/ Women in Post-genocide Rwanda Have Helped Heal Their Country], ''[[National Geographic]]'', 4 April 2014. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa FEMNET, yagaragaje uburakari muri kamena 2017 mugikorwa cya perezida wa [[Tanzaniya]] John Magufuli cyo gukumira abanyeshuri batwite akababuza kwiga<ref>https://greenecodemocrat.com/tag/rwandan-feminist-dinah-musindarwezo-of-the-kenya-based-african-womens-development-and-communication-network/</ref><ref>https://eyala.blog/voice/dinah-musindarwezo-rwanda-tradition-wghay-rgd6h</ref>. == umwuga == Muri Gashyantare 2018, yahamagaye inama y'iminsi ibiri i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] kugira ngo abaharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore bo muri [[Afurika]] bahabwe ingamba mbere y'inama yari yateguwe na Komisiyo y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye. <ref>[https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Women-meeting-to-kick-off-in-Addis--/1056-4307890-9pxpl4z/index.html Women meeting to kick off in Addis Ababa], ''Daily Nation'', 16 February 2018. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref>Musindarwezo yeguye kuri FEMNET muri 2018. <ref name="Standard">[https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001285574/meet-ms-memory-kachambwa-the-new-femnet-s-executive-director Meet Ms Memory Kachambwa, the new FEMNET's Executive Director], ''[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]]'', 26 June 2018. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wa politiki n’itumanaho muri Womankind Worldwide, umuryango ukorera mu [[Bwongereza]] ushyigikira imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore muri [[Afurika]] no muri [[Aziya]]. Agezeyo, yerekanye ingaruka zishingiye ku gitsina ziterwa n'umwenda w’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifitiye imiryango mpuzamahanga, ndetse no ku buryo buhoro buhoro imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta yajya mu biganiro byo gutera inkunga iterambere ry'umugore . <ref>Crystal Simeoni, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/when-it-comes-development-public-private-partnerships-give-us-lot-wonder-about/ When it comes to development, Public Private Partnerships give us a lot to wonder about], 4 October 2019. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Muri Mata 2020, yahamagariye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika kuganira ku gutinda kwishyura imyenda ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango, kugira ngo ibihugu [[Afurika|by’Afurika]] byibande ku kurwanya icyorezo cya COVID-19 . <ref>Mildred Ngesa, [https://citizentv.co.ke/lifestyle/africa-cdc-and-au-must-offer-dignified-inclusive-focus-on-women-girls-in-covid-19-response-330932/ Africa CDC and AU must offer dignified, inclusive focus on women & girls in COVID-19 response], ''Citizen TV, 25 April 2020. Accessed 10 May 2020.''</ref><ref>https://eyala.blog/voice/dinah-musindarwezo-feminist-journey-a45yc</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] fmarl5kgwqp0pu6ijowqhp17yqruk6n 0 10394 83613 83114 2022-05-16T08:28:55Z Umurigirwa 10947 /* Amashuri yize. */ #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte == Dr Nyirambangutse n'umwarimukazi mw'ishuri ry'ibinyabuzima muri kaminuza yu [[Rwanda]], Akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo cy'indashyikirwa Mu binyabuzima no gucunga umutungo kamere byakiriwe na kaminuza y'u[[Rwanda]]. == Dr Nyirambangutse ni muntu ki? == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte yavutse mumwaka wa 1982 akabari Umunyarwandakazi utuye mu gihugu Cy'u Rwanda<ref>https://gggi.org/staff/dr-brigitte-nyirambangutse/</ref> . Dr Nyirambangutse akaba ari umuhanga mu bidukikije ,afite Uburambe bw' imyaka6 mu bijyanye n' ihindagurika ry' ikirere n'umwaka 1 w' Uburambe akorana n'ikigo cya Global Growth institute mu Rwanda.<ref>http://www.checkcompany.co.uk/director/14528809/DR-BRIGITTE-NYIRAMBANGUTSE</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brigitte-Nyirambangutse</ref> == Ese Dr Nyirambangutse avuga indimi zingahe?? == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte avuga indimi 3 _Ikinyarwanda _Icyongereza _Igifaransa == Amashuri yize. == Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte yigiye amashuri ye muri,Scotland, mu bwongereza no muri Sweden. Akaba afite kandi impamyabumenyi ya PHD mu bumenyi bwa kamere ndetse no mu bidukikije, Akaba Ari n'umuhanga mu bushakashatsi bw'ibidukikije. == Amashakiro == cdmvs457fo4qx3wyddlx6xn4k73timf 0 10395 83099 83098 2022-05-07T12:24:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malaika Uwamahoro''' (wahoze ari '''Angel Uwamahoro''', yavutse 1990) ni umukinnyi wa filime wavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umusizi, umuririmbyi, ni umuntu ukunda guharanira ubutabera .<ref name="AN">http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2019/apr/18/miracle-rwanda-shows-power-faith-love-forgiveness/</ref> <ref name="For">https://www.forbesafrica.com/arts/2020/05/03/our-home-became-the-film-set-blankets-became-props-windows-became-locations/</ref> <ref name="MIR">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/malaika-uwamahoro-starring-miracle-rwanda</ref> Aba i Portland, Maine, muri [[Amerika]]. <ref name="F">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/uwamahoro-speak-forbes-2020-women-summit</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Uwamahoro yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1990. Bitewe n’ibyabaye kuri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yakurikiyeho yo muri 1994 , nyina yahunganye na we muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] aho yatuye imyaka irindwi, hanyuma ajya muri [[Amerika]] amaherezo mu 2001, agaruka mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/210551</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi mu masomo y’ikinamico muri kaminuza ya Fordham, mu mujyi wa New York. <ref name="UN">https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/04/554942-learn-lessons-rwanda-says-un-chief-calling-future-tolerance-human-rights-all</ref> == Umwuga == === Filime === Yagaragaye muri filime ya Tomas Petkovski yo muri 2018, ''LoveLess Generation'' . <ref name="Lov">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt9098680/?ref_=m_nm_knf_t2</ref> Mubiganiro bya tereviziyo byakozwe muri uwo mwaka na Tola Olatunji bise, ''Yankee Hustle'', binagaragaramo Jide Kosoko, Uche Jombo, Kara Rainer n'abandi, akina nka "Princess". <ref name="Yan">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8883238/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i3</ref> Muri 2019, yagaragaye muri filime iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri Afuganisitani Atiq Rahimi, ''Our Lady of the Nile'' ( [[Igifaransa|Igifaransa:]] ''Notre-Dame du Nil'' ). <ref name="Our">https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8690948/?ref_=m_nm_knf_i1</ref> <ref>https://www.planocritico.com/critica-nossa-senhora-do-nilo/</ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/film-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-1203325073/</ref> <ref>https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/377814/</ref> <ref>https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/Drive-In-to-theOpening-Night-Films-from-Method-Fest-20200818</ref> yongeye kugaragara mu ikinamico yo hanze ya Broadway na Leslie Lewis Sword na Edward Vilga bise,''Miracle in Rwanda'' . <ref>https://www.playbillplanocritico.com/article/miraclecritica-innossa-rwandasenhora-willdo-arrive-off-broadway-this-springnilo/</ref> Kuri iyikiinamico, yatowe mu cyiciro cyiza cya ''Solo Performance'' muri VIV Award 2019. <ref>https://www.playbill.com/article/the-secret-life-of-bees-much-ado-about-nothing-lead-2019-audelcos-viv-award-nominations</ref> === Umuziki === Yagaragaye mu ndirimbo y'umuririmbyi wo mu Rwanda Mucyo, ''Stickin '2 you'', yakozwe na Eloi El. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/weekender/kigali-creatives-backstory-stickin-2-you</ref> === Ibisigo === Yakinnye ku munsi mpuzamahanga wo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2017. <ref name="UN" /> Yamenyekanye nk'umwe mu bahanzi bitabiriye ibirori bya DanceAfrica 2019. <ref>https://bklyner.com/weekend-art-events-may-24-26/</ref> Muri 2020, mugihe cya guma mu rugo, bavugaga ko yanditse igisigo, ''I Don't Mind!'' .Yari umwe mu batanze ibiganiro batoranijwe kugira ngo bavugire mu nama y'abagore bayoboye Forbes Woman Africa 2020, yabereye i Durban, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://mediaupdate.co.za/media/148105/2020-fwa-leading-women-summit-announces-its-speaker-line-up</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 663e6161kw1nwxayz6b871ll4pu1edi 14 10396 83101 2022-05-07T12:26:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali kurema ikiciro wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiciro kirimo igitsina gore gikora ubuhanzi 3hcl1ajguz5akjd7pfpviqg79nhbd9u 0 10397 83103 83102 2022-05-07T12:45:00Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice Rwema''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umukozi wa Leta mu [[Rwanda]], kuva muri Kanama 2014, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije w'inama y'ubutegetsi muri Rwanda Energy Group (REG), isosiyete ikora ibijyanye no kubyara ingufu, gutanga amasoko, gukwirakwiza no kohereza mu mahanga ibijyanye n'amashanyarazi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190714050210/http://reg.rw/index.php/about-us/board-of-directors</ref> Kuva muri Gicurasi 2017, yabaye n'umunyamabanga mukuru w'ikigo cya REG. <ref name="Link">https://www.linkedin.com/in/alice-rwema-3240697a/?trk=public-profile-join-page</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Laws mu 2009. Muri 2014, yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko, inzobere mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, imisoro n'ubucuruzi, yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa 2013, yoherejwe mu kigo cy’amategeko mpuzamahanga cya Ashurst LLP mu gihe cy’amezi atatu, yatewe inkunga n’abavoka mpuzamahanga bo muri [[Afurika]] ndetse na gahunda mpuzamahanga yo mu [[Bwongereza]] ikorera mu [[Bwongereza]] ireberera abunganizi mu mategeko muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171013120606/http://www.ilfa.org.uk/ilfa-lawyers</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/110295</ref> == Umwuga == Rwema yabaye umujyanama mu by'amategeko muri [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]] mu [[Rwanda]] (Mininfra) kuva muri Gicurasi 2009 kugeza 2013. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza muri Mata 2017, yari umujyanama w’ubucuruzi muri minisitiri w’igihugu ishinzwe ingufu n’amazi muri minisiteri y'ishinzwe ibikorwaremezo, .Muri Kanama 2014, yagizwe umuyobozi wungirije wa Rwanda Energy Group Limited, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye na Energy Utility Corporation Limited na Limited Development Company Limited. Kuva muri Gicurasi 2017, yabaye umunyamabanga w'ikigo cya Rwanda Energy Group. Mbere, yari umwe mu bagize inama y’ikigo gishinzwe ingufu n’isuku EWSA<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyemezo-by-inama-y-abaminisitiri-54329</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/ibyemezo-by-inama-y-abaminisitiri-yo-ku-wa-gatanu-tariki-ya-19-01-2018</ref>. == Ibindi bitekerezo == Bitewe n'ubuhanga afite mu bijyanye n'amasezerano n'ubucuruzi, yari umujyanama mu by'amategeko muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda mu gihe cyo gutanga isoko ryo kubaka [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera|ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera]] ubu kirimo kubakwa.<ref>http://script.igihe.com/ubukungu/article/brd-yatangaje-intiti-umunani-zigize-inama-yayo-y-ubutegetsi</ref> <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Business/Construction-work-on-Bugesera-Airport-starts-/1433224-4056862-gys2md/index.html</ref> Ni n'umuterankunga mu bipimo ngenderwaho bigenga ingufu zirambye, Banki y'isi ifatanya na banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’ingufu zirambye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. <ref>http://rise.esmap.org/contributors/204</ref> Rwema azi neza [[ikinyarwanda]], [[Igiswahili|Igiswahiri]], [[Icyongereza]] [[Igifaransa|n'Igifaransa]] . <ref name="Link" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamategeko]] ptjbfjw6piyyotf5zb7k7mjc6i6ffbe 0 10398 83121 83119 2022-05-07T20:24:18Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SONIA.gif|thumb|Uwitonze Sonia Rolland]] '''Uwitonze Sonia Rolland''' nu umunyarwandakazi,wabaye Nyampinga w'[[ubufaransa]] muri 2000<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/sonia-rolland-yagarutse-ku-marangamutima-yagize-ubwo-yambikwaga-ikamba-rya-miss-france</ref>, aka yari yabaye mbere yaho nyampinga wa Bourgogne 1999<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Bourgogne</ref>,bakaba bamwita umwami w'ubwiza, akaba ari umukinnyi w'afilime , akaba ari umukozi uhuza umuco w'ubufaransa naba Nyarwanda. akaba yarabaye miss w'ubufaransa wa 70. Ukunze kwifotoza cyane akandikwa cyane ku binyamakuru<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-uwitonze-sonia-rolland-ifoto-ye-yashyizwe-ku-kinyamakuru-play-boy-france</ref> byinshi byo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] nu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], akaba aherutse gukora Filime ye yerekanywe mu gikorwa cyo [[kwibuka]]. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''UWITONZE Sonia Rolland''' ( yavutse 11 Gashyantare 1981 avukira I [[Kigali]] )  ni umunyarwandakazi se umubyara akaba ari Jacques Rolland w’[[Ubufaransa|umufaransa]] nyina akaba ari umunyarwandakazi.<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/miss-sonia-rolland-yifurije-nyina-isabukuru-nziza-mu-kinyarwanda</ref> Mu 1990 baje kuva mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bahungira i [[Uburundi|Burundi]], haje kuba intambara y’abaturage maze mu 1994 bimukira mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ari naho batuye, ubu afite nyina gusa mu gihe I se yitabye [[Imana]] muri 2014. Uwitonze  w’imyaka 41, muri 2019 ubwo yaganiraga na Gala Magazine,<ref>https://www.gala.fr/</ref> yavuze ko impamvu akunda kwifotoza yambaye ubusa ari uko aterwa ishema n’[[umubiri]] we.<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-miss-sonia-rolland-yafotowe-yambaye-ubusa-ari-mu-bwogero/</ref> Sonia afite abana babiri b'abakobwa yabyaye ku bagabo babiri. Tess ufitwe imyaka 15 yabyaranye na Christophe Rcancourt na Kahina ufite imyaka 11 yabyaranye na Jalil Lespert,<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umugabo-wa-miss-sonia-rolland-yemeje-ko-batandukanye</ref> yivugiye ko abana be bakoze nkibyo akora ntakibazo ariko icya mbere ari ukubaha urugero rwiza rw'umugore w'umunyembaraga. Kandi akavuga ko atiteguye kongera gushaka ahubwo arimo gukora cyane kugirango yiyiteho.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> === AMAZE KUBA MISI === * Nyuma 2000<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/sonia-rolland-yagarutse-ku-marangamutima-yagize-ubwo-yambikwaga-ikamba-rya-miss-france</ref>, nyuma yumwaka umwe abaye [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] wu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]] muri 2001,<ref>https://www.gala.fr/stars_et_gotha/sonia_rolland</ref> yavuye m'u [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]] azenguruka [[isi]] Mugihe ategereje kubona icyifuzo cye cyo kuba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]], asangira ibikorwa bye byo kwerekana imideli nko muri Karin Models, hamwe n'amasomo ye yo gukina filime, aho yakonze amahugurwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba, . Ashyinze hamwe na nyina Landrada bashinze ishyirahamwe rya Sonia Rolland ry’abana, ryitwa Maïsha Africa, nyuma gato Iri shyirahamwe ryaje gufasha abana b’imfubyi za [[Jenoside y’Abatutsi muri Mata 1994|jenoside y’Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89792/u-bufaransa-filime-ya-miss-sonia-rolland-yerekanywe-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka25-cyateguwe-na--89792.html</ref> Ikorera mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], hamwe n’itsinda ry’abakorerabushake, ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga kugira ngo bafashe abo bana mu buryo bw’imibereho, ndetse n’imitekerereze. Iri ishyirahamwe rimaze gusana mu mwaka wa 2008 itsinda ry’amazu cumi n’atandatu atuwe n’aba bana kandi rikomereza ku kibanza gishya cy’amazu makumyabiri kuva mu 2009.<ref>https://www.voici.fr/bios-people/sonia-rolland</ref> * Mu 2002, yateye intambwe ye ya mbere nk’umukinnyi wa filime  ya bakomediye, aho yari afite inshingano zikomeye ari umukinnyi ngenderwaho.Umwaka ukurikiraho, yatoranijwe kugira uruhare runini muri seriveri ya bapolici ishinzwe iperereza uduce mirongo 50 mu minota 52. * Muri Kanama 2002, yitabiriye umukino Fort Boyard mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] . Yakinnye na bagenzi be bagera kuri 5, Abo Bakinanye bashyigikira ishyirahamwe Sonia Rolland yashyizeho. * Ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2002, yari umwe mu bagize inteko y’abacamanza mu matora ya [[Ubufaransa|Nyampinga w'ubufaransa]] 2003. * Mu 2003, yagaragaye muri clip yindirimbo Ensemble ya Corneille. * Mu 2007, yasohoye igitabo cyitwa gisubiramo urugendo rwe kuva mu bwana bwe mu Rwanda, kurinda agera mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], uburyo yateye imbere, uburyo yabaye nyampinga bw’ambere , kwimikwa kuba nyampinya w’ubufaransa 2000, n’uburyo yabaye umukinnyi w’afilime.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89792/u-bufaransa-filime-ya-miss-sonia-rolland-yerekanywe-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka25-cyateguwe-na--89792.html</ref><ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9a_Parker</ref> * Muri 2013, yashinze isosiyete yubuhinzi afatangije nabandi. * Ku ya 14 Gicurasi 2013, Sonia Rolland yatanze ibihembo yise Trace Awards byanyuze kuri televisiyo yitwa Trace Urban. * Ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2013, mu mugoroba w’amatora ya Nyampinga w’u bufaransa 2014 yatambutse kuri [[Ubufaransa|televisiyo y'u bufaransa]], niwe watangaje ko abatsinze kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza afatanyije na Jean-Pierre Foucault hamwe n’umuyobozi w’umuryango wa [[Ubufaransa|Nyampinga mu bufaransa]]. * Muri Mata 2015, yari umuyobozi w’akanama nkemurampaka k’iserukira muco w’amahoro w’abaye kunshuro ya 6. * Muri 2017, niwe wabaye intangarugero mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe aho yagiye gushakisha inkomoko ye y'[[igifaransa]] nu [[Rwanda]]. * Ku ya 19 Ukuboza 2020 kuri televiziyo yu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]], ni umwe mu bagize inteko y’abagore y’abacyemurampaka yihariye mu matora ya [[Ubufaransa|nyampinga wu bufaransa]] muri 2021. === URUSHAKO === '''Uwitonze Sonia Relland''' yashakanye n'abagabo 2 : # Muri 2006 yashakanye na [[:fr:Christophe_Rocancourt|Christophe Rocancourt]].<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Rocancourt</ref> bafitanye umwana umwe w'umukobwa wavutse kuya 13 Mutarama 2007. # Mu ntangiriro za 2009, ubwo yafotoraga, Sonia Rolland yahuye n’umukinnyi [[:fr:Jalil_Lespert|Jalil Lespert]],<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalil_Lespert</ref> waje kumubera inshuti. Bafitanye umukobwa witwa Kahina Lespert-Rolland, wavutse ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2010. Batandukanye mu Kwakira 2018.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> === KWAMAMAZA === Kuva mu 2008, yabaye ambasaderi w’amavuta yo kwisiga yitwa Mixa, Muri 2019, yinjiye muri Guerlain nk’isura ya nshya izajya ikora Makeup na Parufe.<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Rolland</ref> == Reba == iiaz4i97dn04ayz6lrdo7ekqb0osq54 0 10399 83115 2022-05-07T19:18:07Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Dr Nyirambangutse Brigitte]] to [[Nyirambangutse Brigitte]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyirambangutse Brigitte]] doovjjvtciov29c91ikgkbwwmg0z15u 0 10400 83117 2022-05-07T19:22:01Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[JUDICA’ELLE IRAKOZE]] to [[Judicaelle Irakoze]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Judicaelle Irakoze]] 507e8ie9jnbpe5d95tkb8qnie3yzdwx 0 10401 83123 2022-05-07T20:26:05Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[Berna namata]] to [[Berna Namata]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Berna Namata]] ek84taadku8hbwqoor41w5e98tjch6n 0 10402 83129 2022-05-07T22:12:06Z Giseletuy 10890 Giseletuy moved page [[ROSE KABUYE]] to [[Rose Kabuye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rose Kabuye]] rhzd0zn06hzna3l5m04xc0eltnvfhj3 0 10403 83131 2022-05-08T00:11:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Tuyishimire Angelique ni [https://www.eachamps.rw/article/4156/FIFA-yatangaje-abasifuzi-20-mpuzahanga--babanyarwanda.php Umusifuzi wo hagat]<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/4156/FIFA-yatangaje-abasifuzi-20-mpuzahanga--babanyarwanda.php</ref>i mu kibuga. FIFA ishyirahamwe muzampahanga ryemeza ko [https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/uwasifuye-igikombe-cy-isi-yasezeye Tuyishimire Angelique]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/uwasifuye-igikombe-cy-isi-yasezeye</ref> ar'umusifuzi muzampahanga w'umugore. == Reba aha == ivhovn3a14gfofmpyi84euwiz4ql23m 0 10404 83132 2022-05-08T00:25:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Ingabire Francine ni [https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/fifa-yemereye-abanyarwanda-20-gusifura-ku-rwego-mpuzamahanga umusifuzi w'ungiriza]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/fifa-yemereye-abanyarwanda-20-gusifura-ku-rwego-mpuzamahanga</ref>(ni amasifuzi wo kuruhande). Kandi [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83549/abanyarwandakazi-batatu-mu-bazasifura-cecafa-women-2018-izab-83549.html asazwe anasifura]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/83549/abanyarwandakazi-batatu-mu-bazasifura-cecafa-women-2018-izab-83549.html</ref> amarushanwa y'imbere mu gihugu n'imikino muzampahanga. == Reba aha == c1ej1yq0cf9eghuavsav769ipgvntub 0 10405 83133 2022-05-08T00:57:56Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mukayiranga Regine [https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/umusifuzi-mpuzamahanga-mukayiranga-regine-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-n ni umwe musifuzi]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/umusifuzi-mpuzamahanga-mukayiranga-regine-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko-n</ref> (wo [https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umusifuzikazi-mpuzamahanga-w-umunyarwanda-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko kuruhande]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/umusifuzikazi-mpuzamahanga-w-umunyarwanda-yasezeranye-imbere-y-amategeko</ref>)mpuzamahangaba bakobwa mu Rwanda kandi anasifura imikino iri ku rwego mpuzamahanga izwi nka CAF na FIFA == Reba aha == pzpm9u0p19txg399u00savetkbnufca 0 10406 83134 2022-05-08T01:16:09Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Murangwa Sandrine ni umwe mu bamusifuzi [http://www.zaramagazine.com/zara-story/903/Hakomeje%20kwibazwa%20impamvu%20Twagirumukiza%20AbdoulKarim%20akunze%20gusifura%20imikino%20ya%20APR%20FC%20myinshi mpuzamahanga]<ref>http://www.zaramagazine.com/zara-story/903/Hakomeje%20kwibazwa%20impamvu%20Twagirumukiza%20AbdoulKarim%20akunze%20gusifura%20imikino%20ya%20APR%20FC%20myinshi</ref> ba bagore ba banyarwandakazi. Yize siporo mu gihe kandi ari [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto umutoza wa gymptonic]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref>. == Reba aha == o0uvi9n9depgnj2xqo2ccevspyte3pq 0 10407 83136 83135 2022-05-08T02:33:42Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mukamurenzi Marcianne ni we Munyarwanda wa mbere wahagarariye [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto igihugu mu mikino Olempike]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> iba rimwe mu myaka ine (4) mu 1984 i Los angeles muri Leta zunzu ubumwe za amerika. Yahagaraniye u Rwanda mu mikino myinshi Ku [https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora Rwego rw'isi]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Mukamurenzi [https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora Yavukiye ku gisenyi]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora</ref> mu Rwanda kuwa 4 kamena 1959 avukira mu muryango w'abana icyenda, ubu afite imyaka 63. Yatangiye kwitoza ibyo gusiganwa ku maguru nk'umwuga mu mwaka wa1975, aho yari afite imyaka16. == Amarushanwa yagiyemo == Hashize imyaka 8 nyuma yaho,[https://igihe.com/imikino/article/abahagarariye-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-olempike-bahuguwe-kuri-winter-olympic-games Yahagarariye u Rwanda]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/abahagarariye-u-rwanda-mu-mikino-olempike-bahuguwe-kuri-winter-olympic-games</ref> mu mikino Olempike mu mwaka w'1984 i Los angeles muri leta zunzu ubumwe za amerika, Yakinnye [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto n'imikino ya Seoul]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> 1988 na Barcelone 1992, Muri Shampiyona z'isi mu mokino ngororamubiri i Helsinki mu 1983, i Roma mu 1989, n'i Tokyo mu 1991. == Aho yabaye == Yaje kujya [https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora kwitoreza mu Bufaransa]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/umunyarwandakazi-mukamurenzi-waciye-agahigo-mu-kwiruka-nubu-aracyabikora</ref> mu mwaka 1987, Aranahatura mu munjyi wa Bordeaux kugeza muri 1994 ubwo yagarutse mu Rwanda agiye kubana n'umugabo bari bararushinze mu mwaka 1993. Intambara yahise itera ahugira muri Congo. Nyuma yaje kunga muri Cameroun, abifashijwemo n'uwahoze ari umutoza we Roger Grange abafasha gusubira kwibwra kuba i Bordeaux mu Bufaransa mu mwaka 2003. == Ibihembo yakoreye == [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto Yegukanye]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> umudali wa zahabu nuw'umuringa muri shampiyona ny'afurika yo gusiganwa metero ibihumbi cumi(10,000) ku maguru mu mwaka wa 1988 na 1989 == Reba aha == dhvc4an9jot2hohzmq083t5m9i9dkn8 0 10408 83137 2022-05-08T03:14:37Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Higa Shaloni ni umwe mu bakobwa bakuswe kuba [https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/birekuye-karahava-uburyohe-mu-gitaramo-kigali-kanivore-cyasusurukije-urubyiruko ukuntu bayobora neza ibirori]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/ibirori/article/birekuye-karahava-uburyohe-mu-gitaramo-kigali-kanivore-cyasusurukije-urubyiruko</ref> i Kigali. Uyu mukobwa Shalon ya [https://ibyamamare.com/reba-uburyo-uyu-mukobwa-yabyinishije-umuhanzi-rema-mugitaramo-cyabereye-muri-kigali-arena-abantu-batunguweamafoto/ byinishije]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/reba-uburyo-uyu-mukobwa-yabyinishije-umuhanzi-rema-mugitaramo-cyabereye-muri-kigali-arena-abantu-batunguweamafoto/</ref> Umuhanzi Rema mu gitamo cyari cyabereye muri Kigali Arena. == Reba aha == 7d9euunaa80oakp97mfufyzomgeut9l 0 10409 83139 83138 2022-05-08T05:26:43Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Scholastique_Mukasonga_-_salon_du_livre_Genève_2012.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scholastique_Mukasonga_-_salon_du_livre_Gen%C3%A8ve_2012.jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga]] [[Dosiye:A Reading & Conversation with Scholastique Mukasonga (48790280628).jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga muri 2019]] '''Scholastique Mukasonga''' ni umwanditsi wavutse mu 1956 mu cyahoze ari intara ya Gikongoro mu [[Rwanda]] akaba atuye Mu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]]<ref>https://inkanga.com/ibyo-wamenya-ku-buzima-bwa-kayitesi-na-mukasonga-bategerejwe-mu-rwanda-bagaragiye-perezida-macron/</ref>. Muri 2012, Yatsindiye ibihembo bya prix Renaudot na prix Ahmadou-Kourouma kubwigitabo cye ''Our Lady of the Nile'' <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/igitabo-cya-mukasonga-scholastique-cyakinywemo-filime-ishobora-kuzerekanwa-muri</ref>''.'' Usibye kuba uwahataniye igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuvanganzo cy’ubuvanganzo cya Dublin n’igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times, Mukasonga yahembwe mu 2014 igihembo cya Seligman cyo kurwanya ivanguramoko ndetse no mu 2015 ahabwa igihembo Société des gens de lettres<ref>https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-une-litterature-a-l-ombre.html</ref> . Kuri ubu atuye muri Lower Normandy mu [[Bufaransa]] . <ref name="Garcin">[[Jérôme Garcin|Garcin, Jérôme]]. "[http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/romans/20120410.OBS5808/scholastique-mukasonga-la-pharaonne-noire-du-calvados.html Scholastique Mukasonga, la pharaonne noire du Calvados]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6YqYIbySd?url=http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/romans/20120410.OBS5808/scholastique-mukasonga-la-pharaonne-noire-du-calvados.html Archive]). ''[[L'Obs]]''. Retrieved on 29 May 2015.</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Scholastique Mukasonga yavutse mu 1956 <ref>https://artsfuse.org/113180/fuse-book-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-prefiguring-rwandan-genocide/</ref> mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]], ku ruzi rwa Rukarara . Mu 1959, gahunda ya mbere yo kurwanya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|abatutsi]] yashenye igihugu ituma abatutsi bamwe bahunga. Mu 1960, umuryango we woherejwe hamwe nabandi batutsi benshi i [[Nyamata]] mu mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] kari kadatuwe, scrubland<ref>https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-remonte-a-la-source-du.html</ref>. Umuryango we wabaga mu nkambi y'impunzi nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu mudugudu wabo, aho yarokotse nubwo yatotejwe ndetse akenda no gukorerwa ubwicanyi. Nyina Stefania yitaye ku bana be, Nubwo umubare muto 10% by'abatutsi wari wemewe gukomeza mumashuri yisumbuye, yabanje kwiga Lycée Notre-Dame-de-Citeaux i [[Kigali]], hanyuma akomereza mu ishuri ry'i [[Butare]] . Mukasonga abisobanura agira ati: "Ni ryo shuri ryonyine ry'abakobwa ryanyemereye gukoresha umwuga wanjye kugira ngo mfashe abandi badafite amahirwe yo kwiga."<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/scholastique-mukasonga-06-22-20</ref> Mu 1973, abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri, hamwe n'abakozi ba Leta b'Abatutsi birukanwa ku mirimo yabo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byabaye ngombwa ko agenda, ahungira mu [[Burundi]] kugira ngo ahunge iterabwoba. Yarangije amasomo ye nk'umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu [[Burundi]] atangira akazi muri UNICEF<ref>http://radiohuguka.rw/imyidagaduro/igitabo-cya-mukasonga-scholastique-cyakinywemo-filime/</ref> . Mukasonga yageze mu [[Bufaransa]] mu 1992 biba ngombwa ko asubiramo ikizamini cy’abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza, kubera ko impamyabumenyi yakiriye mu [[Burundi]] itemewe n’ubuyobozi [[Ubufaransa|bw’Ubufaransa]]. Kuva 1996-1997, yari umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Caen . Kuva mu 1998 kugeza ubu, akora imirimo yo guhagararira ubutabera (amategeko) muri Union départementale des association familiales de Calvados (Ishami ry’amashyirahamwe y’imiryango ya Calvados). <ref>https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/08/22/scholastique-mukasonga-c-est-par-le-savoir-que-j-ai-echappe-a-la-machette_1673928</ref> Kuri ubu atuye ahitwa Normandy<ref>https://archipelagobooks.org/book/igifu/</ref><ref>https://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-with-scholastique-mukasonga/</ref>. Mu 1994, abantu 37 bo mu muryango we bishwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] . Byatwaye Mukasonga indi myaka 10 kugirango agire ubutwari bwo gusubira mu [[Rwanda]], ibyo yabikoze mu 2004. Muri uru rugendo niho yumvise afite ubushake bwo kwandika igitabo cye cya mbere, igitabo cyandika ku buzima, ''Inyenzi ou les Cafards .'' Inyandiko y'Icyongereza, yahinduwe na Jordan Stump, yiswe ''Cockroaches,'' kandi yatorewe igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times mu 2016 mu cyiciro cy’ubuzima bwa muntu. Yakurikijeho igitabo cya La Femme aux pieds nus muri 2008. Yabonye igihembo cya Seligmann, avuye muri [[:fr:Chancellerie des universités de Paris|Chancellerie des universités de Paris]], yemera imirimo irwanya ivanguramoko no kutoroherana. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohoye icyegeranyo cy’inkuru ngufi zitwa L'Iguifou, anegukana igihembo cya Paul Bourdari mu 2011 avuye muri l'Académie des sciences d'outre-mer ndetse no mu gihembo cya Renaissance kubera Igitabo cye ''Notre-Dame du Nil'', yatsindiye ibihembo bitatu: igihembo cya Ahmadou-Kourouma i Geneve, <ref>https://www.tdg.ch/culture/scolastique-mukasonga-obtient-prix-kourouma-salon-livre/story/10464105</ref> igihembo cya Oceans France, <ref>https://www.telestar.fr/people/scholastique-mukasonga-recoit-le-prix-oceans-france-o-2012-9065</ref> na prix Renaudot mu 2012. <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2012/11/07/le-goncourt-sacre-jerome-ferrari-le-renaudot-scholastique-mukasonga_1787134_3260.html</ref> <ref>https://www.lepoint.fr/societe/scholastique-mukasonga-prix-renaudot-pour-notre-dame-du-nil-07-11-2012-1526183_23.php</ref> Ubuhinduzi bw'icyongereza bw'iki gitabo, ''Our Lady of the Nile,'', bwatoranijwe nk'imwe mu bitabo icumi byatsindiye igihembo cy’ubuvanganzo bwa Dublin kandi yabaye uwahawe ubufasha ku gihembo cya Emerging Voices mubijyanye n’Imari . Gukora filimi y'iki gitabo byaratangiye iyobowe na Atiq Rahimi <ref>https://adelaidefilmfestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AFF-Youth-Our-Lady-of-the-Nile.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/scholastique-mukasonga-11-12-18</ref>. Muri 2014, Mukasonga yasohoye igitabo gishya ''Ce que murmurent les collines'' '','' yatsindiye igihembo Société des gens de lettres muri 2015 mu . Igitabo cye ''Coeur Tambour'' cyasohotse muri Mutarama 2016 mu cyegeranyo cyera cya Gallimard. Muri kamena 2017, yahawe igihembo kubambasaderi bavuga Igifaransa (Ambassadeurs francophones) i Copenhagen <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandas-mukasonga-wins-2021-simone-de-beauvoir-prize</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2018, yasohoye igitabo gishya cyandika ku buzima, ''Un si beau diplomate!'' Prix Bernheim wo muri Fondation du judaisme francais (Fondasiyo y'Abayahudi b'Abafaransa) yamuhaye igihrembo muri 2015 mu rwego rwo kumushimira ibikorwa bye byose<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108662</ref>. Scholastique Mukasonga ni umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko ya Prix Deauville Littérature et Musique (Igihembo cya Deauville ku buvanganzo n'umuziki). Yahawe kandi icyubahiro cya Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, ishimira abagize uruhare runini mu muco muri ibyo bice byombi<ref>https://www.nationalbook.org/the-2019-national-book-awards-finalists-announced/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-novelist-mukasonga-tipped-win-nobel-prize</ref>. == Imirimo == Mu gitabo cye cyitwa ''Notre-Dame du Nil'' , yavuze ishuri ryisumbuye ryubatse ku musozi wa metero 8202, ritari kure y’inkomoko ya [[Nili]]. akaba ariho abakobwa bahurira, muguhiramo abanyeshuri umubare w'abatutsi ugarukira kuri 10% by'abanyeshuri. Biboneka ko iyi nkuru ishingiye kubintu byabaye mu buzima: bisa nkaho yavugaga ishuri ryisumbuye rya Notre-Dame de Citeaux i [[Kigali]] aho yari umunyeshuri, kandi gukura abanyeshuri b’abatutsi ni byo byari yiboneye mu 1973. igihe yari mu buhungiro mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2012/05/03/avant-le-genocide_1694568_3260.html</ref> ''Ce que murmurent les collines (What the Hills Whisper)'' ni ikusanyirizo ry'inkuru ngufi, zimwe muri zo zishingiye ku mateka y'u [[Rwanda]] , yagaragaje uko abandi bashushanya amashusho y'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni igitabo cye cya mbere kitari gishingiye kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2014/04/02/scholastique-mukasonga-retrouver-mon-identite_4394394_3260.html</ref> ''Un Pygmée à l'école'' ni inkuru ngufi yanditswe na Mukasonga, yanditswe mu 2017 kandi ishyirwa mu cyegeranyo cyiswe ''La rencontre avec l'autre (The encounter with the Other)''<ref>https://archipelagobooks.org/book/the-barefoot-woman/</ref>''.'' Hamwe n'igitabo cye ''Coeur Tambour'' <ref>https://next.liberation.fr/livres/2017/09/08/scholastique-mukasonga-et-le-coeur-battant-de-l-afrique_1595094</ref> ''(Pounding Heart, Drumming Heart)'' Scholastique Mukasonga yaguye icyerekezo cye uko yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] kugera muri Antilles, [[Amerika]] no muri [[Burezile|Berezile]]. Igitabo gikurikirana Kitami, umukobwa wabaye umuririmbyi uzwi cyane muri [[afurika]]. <ref>http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20160509-coeur-tambour-rwandaise-scholastique-mukasonga<nowiki/>=</ref> Tugarutse ku gitabo cya ''Un si beau diplome,'' Mukasonga yigana uburyo se yamushyizeho igitutu kugirango abone impamyabumenyi . Mu buhungiro mu [[Burundi]], [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], hanyuma akaza kugera mu [[Bufaransa]], "beautiful diploma" yari 'ingufu zamufashaga kwihanganira guhezwa no kwiheba<ref>http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Blanche/Kibogo-est-monte-au-ciel</ref>. Igitabo cye aheruka gusohoka muri Werurwe 2020, igitabo cyitwa ''Kibogo est monté au ciel (Kibogo Yuriye mu kirere)'' . Irasebya ikibazo cyamadini, ivugabutumwa, nubunini bifitanye isano nigihe cyabakoloni<ref>http://www.institutfrancais.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Pr%C3%A9sentation-Mukasonga-et-Garde.pdf</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] rqtl2ubyh9uunw9dh4dh3zrd3ot9ncz 0 10410 83142 2022-05-08T11:12:51Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana Umunyarwandakazi wumunyapolitiki Akaba ni Mpuguke mubukungu (Economist) ukorera politike Mu Rwanda.<ref><nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-trade-minister-prioritise-sme-growth</nowiki></ref> == <u>Umwanya muri politike Mu Rwanda</u>. == <ref>https://www.minicom.gov.rw/news-detail/hon-hakuziyaremye-hands-over-to-minister-beata-habyarimana</ref>Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana kuva muri Werurwe 2021 Ni Minisitiri ushinzwe Ubucuruzi ni Nganda (trade and industry).<ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-swears-in-new-ministers</ref> == <u>Amashuri yize</u>. == kuva 1996 kugeza 2000 Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana Yabonye Impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza (bachelor degree in Finance) yakuye muri kaminuza y'uRwanda . Uwamaliza Kandi yabonye impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Masters degree in Economic Administration) yakuye muri kaminuza ya Maastrich University yo Mubuhorandi. == <u>Akazi Beata Yakoze mbere yo kuba minisitiri</u>. == Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana Afite uburambe bwimyaka cumi nitanu(15years) mubukungu Aho Yabaye Umwe mubayobozi Ba Bank ya Kigali (Bk). Uwamaliza Kandi yabaye umuyobozi Banki Yagaseke. Yanakoze Kandi muri Banki yabaturage (BPR) Aho Yari mubayobozi Bayo. Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana Yanakoze mukigo cya Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. == Ibirushijeho kubuzimwa Bwa Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana. == ahggqxqmhpa18gpo476xkzijnb7lbgb 0 10411 83145 2022-05-08T11:42:31Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Dr. MUKAMURENZI Solange ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe gutanga serivisi nimiyoborere myiza na JADF mu Nama y'Ubutegetsi y'u Rwanda kuva muri Mata 2021.<ref>https://www.rgb.rw/1/about-rgb/staff/service-delivery-good-governance-and-jadf-department</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Mbere yuko aba Umuyobozi wimiyoborere myiza yari Umwarimu muri College of Science and Technology muri kaminuza yu Rwanda. Yabaye kandi Umuhuzabikorwa w’igihugu w’itsinda ry’iterambere ry’u Rwanda muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi.<ref>https://www.rgb.rw/1/about-rgb/senior-manager</ref> Dr. MUKAMURENZI afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD muri Informatics yakuye muri kaminuza ya Örebro muri Suwede. Afite Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri Computer Science and Technology Technology yayikuye muri kaminuza ya Mutagatifu Andereya, mu Bwongereza; impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu iterambere ry'ubuyobozi muri ICT n'ubumenyi muri kaminuza ya Dublin City, Irilande; n'impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor muri Computer Engineering and Technology Technology yakuye mu cyahoze ari Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), ubu ni kaminuza y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://www.rgb.rw/1/about-rgb/senior-manager</ref> === Referances === 32xkq289zhg5tyhglwxlytte03c5tm4 0 10412 83146 2022-05-08T11:55:44Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki icyo umuntu yifuza kuzageraho tkp7656zwcpjbfulxaaa3efdc0gs5vw 0 10413 83391 83390 2022-05-12T16:02:12Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clementine Mukeka''' ni Umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri yububanyi namahanga MINAFFET [[Rwanda]]<ref name=":0" /> washyizweho na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame nk'umunyamabanga muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mpuzamahanga ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2020.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-moves-bolster-diplomatic-service-new-appointments</ref> == Uburezi == Clementine Mukeka yabyawe n'ababyeyi b'Abanyarwanda. Yize Amashuri abanza nayisumbuye i Burayi. Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko Mukeka Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi yakuye mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya IDRAC (mu Bufaransa), naho impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi (Major: Economics), yakuye muri kaminuza ya Londere y’Amajyepfo (Ubwongereza). Mukeka yize kandi muri kaminuza ya New York (Amerika) mu masomo mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. == Umwuga == Mbere yuko ashyirwaho Mukeka yari yarabaye umujyanama mukuru w’ubucuruzi mu kigo cy’Amerika Gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga (USAID) u [[Rwanda]]. Yabaye kandi impuguke mu by'ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Ambasade y’Amerika mu [[Rwanda]] Mbere yo kwinjira mu butumwa bwa Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika / Amerika mu Rwanda, yagiye akora imyanya itandukanye mu Bikorera mu Burayi no muri Amerika.<ref>https://minaffet.prod.risa.rw/updates/news-details/permanent-secretary-clementine-mukeka-participates-in-the-virtual-liaison-committee-meeting-and-open-ended-working-group</ref> == Reba Ibirambuye. == {{Reflist}} dkxolg0fq6j011a82lk3te8ejoh6evn 0 10414 83163 83162 2022-05-08T18:25:21Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tetero Solange''' ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] == Umwuga == Solange Tetero asanzwe akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iterambere muru urubyiruko mu[[Rwanda]] muri Minisitiri w’urubyiruko n’umuco kuva mu 2020. Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020 yakoraga muri Imbuto Foundation.<ref>http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=241&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2662fcbec2b7e5a12deb3f073c844973</ref> == Ubuzima == Solange Avuka mu karere ka Karongi, mu murenge wa Rubengera. Yatangiye amashuli abanza Yiga ku ishuli ry’abubatsi ryo mu murenge wa Rubengera ari naho Yavukiye, aha akaba yarahigiye umwaka wa 1, uwa kabiri n’uwa gatatu. Kubera ibibazo byahise bivuka mu muryango we , ikiciro gikurikiyeho cy’amashuli abanza Yagikomereje mu mugi wa Kibuye, mu ishuli ribanza rya Gatwaro. Abantu benshi barahazi kubera stade Gatwaro izwi cyane. Ibyo bigo byombi nibyo nigiyeho amashuli abanza. Solange Mu mashuli abanza rero yize aru umuhanga, yakundaga kwiga,  kuko ababyeyi be bari abarimu. Iwabo bari abana umunani, we akaba umwana wa 4 ariko kandi akaba ari we wari umukobwa wa mbere. Nk’uko rero iwacu bari abarimu, bakunda kutubwira bati: “''bana bacu nta sambu dufite, nta modoka dufite ndetse yewe nta n’ubundi butunzi, bityo umunani tuzaba nta wundi ni uyu nguyu wo kwiga.''<ref>http://197.243.22.137/rwamagana/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=241&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=2662fcbec2b7e5a12deb3f073c844973</ref> == Ibihembo == Yahawe ibihembo Icuro zigera kure ebyiri na Madamu wa perezida wu Rwanda (Jannete Kagame ) mu bakobwa bitwaye neza mu gihugu (BPGs) mu 2009 na 2011. <ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Tetero_Solange</ref> == Uburezi == Kuri ubu Tetero akurikirana impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri kaminuza ya Suffolk, mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu buzima rusange kandi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubutaka n'ibidukikije yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . Afite impamyabumenyi mu iyamamazabuhinzi riyobowe n’abahinzi no mu buhinzi bwa Digitale kuva mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]] no mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.myculture.gov.rw/about</nowiki></ref>. ==Reba== omz7rmq23ofw86zi84rv2gpqa594um6 0 10415 83158 2022-05-08T17:11:46Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi wegikanye ikamba rya Nyampinga w'umuco mu majonjora yo gushaka [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] muri 2015. == UBUZIMA == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' ni kuri ubu ni umugore washakanye na Murinzi Michel kuya 7 Ugushyingo 2021.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/umunyamakuru-miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yakoze-ubukwe</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ubuzima-115/imibereho/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yambitswe-impeta-n-umukunzi-we-amafoto</ref> == AKAZI == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' ubusazwe ni umunyamakuru wa Kiss Fm<ref>https://kissfm.rw/members/keza/</ref> aho yatangiye uwo mwuga w'itangazamakuru muri 2018 yje kwimenyereza umwuga kuri ([https://www.rba.co.rw/ radio rwanda RBA]),<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> aza kuhava muri 2019 yerekeza kuri [https://kissfm.rw/ Kiss Fm].<ref>https://kissfm.rw/members/keza/</ref> Umwaka urangira wa 2018, yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabili cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminiza]] mu bijyanye n'ibarurishamibare yakuye muri [[Mount Kenya University]]. <ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto</ref><ref>https://www.mku.ac.ke/</ref> == NYAMPINGA == '''Bagwire Keza Joannah''' yamenyekanye cyane muri 2015 ubwo yegukanaga ikampa ry'a[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] w'umuco, nyuma yaho mu Ugushyingo 2015 nabwo yongeye yongeye kugaragara cyane ubwo yegukanaga ikamba ry'igisonga cya Kane muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] w'umuco Muri Miss Heritage Global muri 2015, aho yari ahanganye n'abakobwa 44 bo mu bohugu bitandukanye ryabereye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika y'epfo]] mu mujyi wa Jonesburg.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/miss-bagwire-keza-joannah-yasabwe-aranakobwa-amafoto</ref> == Reba == gwg1r0x527nfhjmdl4buxdwwysz01c7 0 10416 83165 83164 2022-05-08T18:45:46Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Laetitia Umutoni ni umunyamakuru Akaba afite imyaka 24<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190813</ref> == Umwuga == Umutoni kuri ubu ukorana na High Media, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye no gutunganya amashusho, gufotora no gushushanya.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190813</ref>Umutoni ni umwe mubagize itsinda riigira inama abakobwa bato mumashuri atandukanye. Iri tsinda kandi rirasaba imisanzu y'amafaranga yo gutera inkunga abakobwa bamwe biga.Umutoni yashishikarijwe kwinjira mu itangazamakuru kuko yakundaga ibyo yabonye kuri TV akumva kuri radiyo. Icyakora, yagize isoni akiri umwana kandi ababyeyi be bahoraga bamuburira ko atazabikora nkumunyamakuru Ugira isoni <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190813</ref>Umutoni ni umwe mubagize itsinda rigira Inama abakobwa bato mumashuri atandukanye. Iri tsinda kandi rirasaba imisanzu y'amafaranga yo gutera inkunga abakobwa bamwe biga. == Ibihembo == Yahawe igihembo n' [[Imbuto]] Foundation mu 2010 nyuma yo kugaragara mu bakobwa bitwaye neza.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190813</ref> nyuma yoguhabwa icyigihembo yarishimye cyane avuga kobimutunguye ahunya agira at :“Nakubye kabiri imbaraga zanjye kuko nashakaga kuba indashyikirwa cyane no kwereka abandi bakobwa ko bashobora kubikora kimwe no gushimira abantu bampaye. Sinifuzaga kubatenguha.Yihatiye kuba ku isonga ry’ishuri rye kandi arabigeraho arangije afite itandukaniro n’ishuri ry’itangazamakuru muri kaminuza yu [[Rwanda]].Intsinzi ye ayitirira amahugurwa atandukanye yakuye muri [[Imbuto]] Foundation, harimo ubuhanga bwo kuvuga mu ruhame, kuyobora ibiganiro mpaka n'ubuhanga bwo kuyobora.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/190813</ref> == Aho yize == Amashuri abanza yayize mu mujyi yavukiyemo mu Karere ka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Rubavu]] kuri Groupe Scolaire de Gisenyi.Nyuma yinjiye muri Ecole d'Arts de Nyundo mu burezi bwe bwo mu rwego rwiciro rusunga hamwe nicyo bita A' level mu buvanganzo, aho yize icyongereza n'Igifaransa. === Referances === l1rp7181l2b42s8nwee7jwglz2dapc7 0 10417 83166 2022-05-08T18:54:48Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Isabelle Kalihangabo Umunyapolitiki W'umunyamategeko Akaba n'Umunyamabanga mukigo kigihugu Cy'iperereza Mu [[Rwanda]] (RIB). Umwanya ariho kuva 2018.<ref>https://www.rib.gov.rw/index.php?id=23</ref> == Umwuga. == Kalihangabo umunyamategeko wabonye impanya bushobozi Mu mategeko yakuye muri kaminuza y'u[[Rwanda]]. Yabonye Kandi impanya bushobozi yikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye muri kaminuza ya Queen Mary University muri London mubijyanye Namategeko Y'ubucucuzi mpuza mahanga. 2000 inkugeza 2004 Isabelle Kalihangabo Yakoze Mu Rukiko rwikirenge rw'URwanda migice gishinzwe inkiko Gacaca. 2004 Isabelle Kalihangabo yahawe Umwanya wumucanza murukiko rukuru rw'URwanda. 2007 Isabelle yagizwe umwunganizi mu Mategeko muri Minisiteri yubutabera<ref>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780822373568-003/pdf</ref> Muri Werurwe 2014 Isabelle Nyuma yo kubona ubushobozi bwe yazamuwe muntera ajyira umunyamabanga uhoraho nuhagarariye amategeko muri Minisiteri yubutabera y'uRwanda. Taliki 09 Mata 2018 Isabelle Kalihangabo yagizwe Na Perezida Umunyamabanga wikigo Cy'iperereza Mu [[Rwanda]] (RIB)<ref><nowiki>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/col-ruhunga-jeannot-na-kalihangabo-bagizwe-abayobozi-ba-rwanda-investigation</nowiki></ref> == Ibirambuye. == kxmk0rfdg635af3af30rp498c5x1n73 0 10418 83167 2022-05-08T20:48:16Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ni umugore w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umukinnyi wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] umaze kumenyekana cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ku mazina ya Rufonsina. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubundi amazina ye yanyayo ni ayo, aho benshi ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no kuri televisiyo na [[Radiyo y’abaturage ya Huye|radiyo]] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref> azwi nka Rufonsina. [[Umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyamahane cyane akaba [[umwana]] w'umukobwa w'umunyacyaro cyane utewe ishema ryokuvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]] (ni ururimi rukoreshwa mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]]<ref>https://www.northernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> ashyira [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]]<ref>https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/</ref> bw'u [[Rwanda]].) Uwimpundu afite umugabo bashakanye afite n'[[umwana]] umwe w'umukobwa akaba ari Mama Gallois izina ry'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|ububyeyi]], akaba asazwe akora akazi umwuga w'ukubudozi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref> == GUKINA FILIME == '''Uwimpundu Sandine''' tuzi kumazina ya '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> uri mu bagore bacye bakina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] mu [[Rwanda]] basetsa nkuko abagabo babikora,akaba ari umwe utuma filime Nyarwanda zikundwa. izina '''Rufonsina''' ryatumwe amenyekana muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ari gukina yatumwe amenyekana cyane, Rufonsina ukunze gukina filime ari umugoyikazi (uvuga [[Ikigori|ikigoyi]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNb6BPLL9Lc</ref>). '''Rufonsina''' wabaye umukinnyi muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] Ejo Si Cyera, byamufashije kumenyekana, kakaba ari kamwe mu kamufashije kumenyekana cyane, Ati " Akantu nkina nkubitana imigeri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILy-SInA18M</ref>imigeri,ncanga imigeri ako kantu naragakunze cyane gafite urwego kashyizeho kuko karahererekanyijwe cyane n'abantu bo [[Hande Yener|hanze]] barampamagaye biti usanzwe ukina karate?, ni gute ukubita umugobo agahunga, bimeze bite?". Rufonsina umaze imwaka myinshi akina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] isaga 12, gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] no gutebya ntabwo ari ibintu ashakisha cyangwa yaba yarize mu mashuri ahubwo ni impano [[Imana]] Yamuhaye, yagize Ati " ushobora kumbwira ngo ngwino nguhe [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] Gukina) nkacishamo ijisho umunota umwe nkahita mbikora binyoroheye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60414624</ref> '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' ubu ari gukina muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] eshanu icyarimwe, ibyo akabishobora kuko badakina babatunguye kandi abikora bucye bucye. [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|Filime]] yinjiye no mu rugo rwe kuburyo ibyo akora umugabo we arabikunda ndetse aranamushyigikiye, naho [[umwana]] ,<ref>https://kigalihit.rw/rufonsina-umukinnyi-wa-film-ukunzwe-mu-rwanda-yatunguwe-numwana-we/</ref> we w' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] y'ibyariye ntakimwita mama we ahubwo amwita Rusonsi ngwino wirebe dore uri kunyura kuti televiziyo, gusa uwo mwana nawe arabikunda. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWCybNTWa24</ref> ucyeneye iterambere rirambye kandi rihoraho afite intego yo kuzaba umukinnyi mpuzamahanga muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] na [[Cinema of Botswana|cinema]] ku [[Isi|isi.]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-rufonsina-shares-journey-stardom</ref> == IBIHEMBO == '''Uwimpundu Sandrine''' (Yageze i [[kigali]] bwa mbere 2007 akaba yaratangiye gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] 2009) yahawe ibihembo bibiri mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukinnyi mwiza wa [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] w'umwaka wa 2020, n'umukinnyi mwiza wa byenda gusetsa w'[[umwaka]] 2020. '''Rufonsina'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9Asa2Nplpw</ref> amaze gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nyishi zirimo Kibonke<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_f91Xm1n-s</ref> Papa Sava<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRZtPk4WQG8</ref>, [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_dm69U7ZGM</ref> Ejo si kera<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcsOP7SA7eM</ref>, Umuturanyi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlX3j5CBKNw</ref>.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114025/inzozi-za-rufonsina-wamamaye-muri-sinema-kubera-ikigoyi-114025.html</ref> == Reba == 9xej579jojz6sc95935pafi5xq8m6qd 0 10419 83169 83168 2022-05-08T21:01:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lous and The Yakuza Victoires 2021.jpg|thumb|Lous and The Yakuza 2021]] '''Marie-Pierra Kakoma''' (yavutse 27 Gicurasi 1996), uzwi cyane nka '''Lous and the Yakuza''', ni umuraperi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo n'umunyamideli ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] ariko utuye mu [[Bubiligi]]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-ugezweho-mu-ndirimbo-z-igifaransa-yagaragaje-uburyo</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116747/umunyarwandakazi-lous-and-the-yakuza-yasinye-muri-label-ya-jay-z-116747.html</ref>. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara indirimbo ye ya mbere "Dilemme" muri Nzeri 2019, ikurikirwa na "Tout est gore" mu Kuboza 2019 na "Solo" muri Werurwe 2020. Album ye ya mbere, ''Gore'', yakozwe na El Guincho, yasohotse ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2020<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/lous-and-the-yakuza-yasinye-muri-roc-nation-ya-jay-z</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Lous amazina bwite ni Marie-Pierra Kakoma yavukiye i Lubumbashi, muri Zayire ( [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] y'ubu) ku ya 27 Gicurasi 1996. <ref>https://twitter.com/ColumbiaUK/status/1265651700087640064</ref> <ref name="Numero">https://www.numero.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-tout-est-gore-we-love-green-summer-walker-ann-demeulemeester-krisy-damso-el-grincho-cesaria-evora#_</ref> Ababyeyi be bari abaganga bakomeye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] igihe yavukaga. Se w'umunyacongo yari umuganga w'abagore, naho nyina w'umunyarwanda yari umuganga w'abana . <ref name="L'Express">https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/vip/rencontre-avec-lous-the-yakuza_2120498.html</ref> <ref name="LC">https://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Lous-and-the-Yakuza-sabre-clair-2019-12-08-1301065115</ref> <ref name="VF">https://www.vanityfair.fr/culture/story/lous-and-the-yakuza-plus-belle-promesse-du-rb-francophone/10752</ref> Nyina wa Kakoma yafungiwe muri Kongo amezi abiri mu ntambara ya kabiri ya congo mu 1998 azira ubwoko bwe. Se amaze kubona ko nyina arekuwe, bahungiye mu [[Bubiligi]] ari kumwe na bashiki ba Kakoma. Kakoma na barumuna be basigaye baje gusanga nyina mu [[Bubiligi]] nyuma yimyaka ibiri mu 2000, mugihe se yagumye muri congo. <ref name="Dazed">https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/48882/1/lous-and-the-yakuza-interview</ref> Uyu muryango wimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 2005 mbere yo gusubira burundu i [[Buruseli]] muri 2011. <ref name="LC" /> <ref name="Dazed" /> Ishyaka rya Kakoma ryo kuririmba ryatangiye akiri muto mu gihe yari akikijwe n'umuziki kubera ko se yakundaga indirimbo za kera za Mozart, Chopin, Vivaldi, na Beethoven bose babanyaburayi. Yatangiye kwandika umuziki we afite imyaka irindwi. Umuryango we wimukiye mu [[Bubiligi]] afite imyaka 15, yatangiye kwandikira Columbia Records yizeye ko azasinyishwa muri label. <ref name="Les Inrocks">https://www.lesinrocks.com/2019/10/03/musique/musique/groupe-a-suivre-lous-and-the-yakuza-la-nouvelle-sensation-pop-venue-de-belgique/</ref> Ku myaka cumi n'umunani, Kakoma yaciwe intege n'ababyeyi be bamubuza kuba umuririmbyi, ngo abe umuganga, maze afite imyaka cumi n'icyenda, yirukanwa mu rugo iwabo. <ref name="Yard">https://yard.media/interview-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> <ref name="RTBF">https://www.rtbf.be/emission/dma/detail_lous-the-yakuza?id=10384505</ref> Mu gihe cyo kubura aho kuba, yabaye mu mihanda amezi menshi mbere yo gutura muri sitidiyo y’umuziki, aho yararaga akandika umuziki, mu gihe yagendaga akora indirimbo zimwe na zimwe. Mu myaka itatu, Kakoma yakoze indirimbo 52, harimo EP zirindwi. <ref name="RTBF" /> Muri 2016, yagaragaye mumashusho y'indirimbo "BruxellesVie" yumuhanzi [[Ububiligi|w'umubiligi]] Damso . <ref name="Konbini">https://www.konbini.com/fr/musique/lous-and-the-yakuza-warm-up/</ref> == Umwuga == Kakoma yakiriye izina ''Lous and the Yakuza arikuye'' ku ''bugingo(soul)'', isoko y'ishyaka rye rya muzika, na ''Yakuza'', umutwe w'abagizi ba nabi wateguwe [[Ubuyapani|n'Ubuyapani]], izina akoresha mu gusobanura "crew" y'abafatanyabikorwa yishingikirizaho mu guhanga umuziki we . Lous yavumbuwe bwa mbere n’ushinzwe kumureberera inyungu, Miguel Fernandez, amaze kubona ko yasohotse kuri interineti. Guhera mu 2017, yamenye ko ashishikajwe no gukora alubumu, asaba inshuti ze magara gushinga itsinda riyishyigikira, yatangiye kuririmbira ahera mu tubari no mu tubyiniro twa nijoro i Buruseli . Mu mpera za 2017, Lous yatumiriwe gukora acoustic ya ''La ChillZone'', nyuma asinya muri Columbia Records ibinyujije muri Sony Music yo mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], afite imyaka 22. <ref name="RTBF" /> <ref name="Konbini" /> Ku ya 15 Kamena 2018, hasohotse "Le Ridicule Ne Tue Pas", ku bufatanye bwa Lous na Yakuza n'itsinda rya elegitoroniki rya BSSMNT. <ref name="Tsugi">https://www.tsugi.fr/lous-and-the-yakuza-debarque-sur-la-scene-belge-avec-un-premier-titre-clippe-dilemme/</ref> <ref>https://music.apple.com/ca/album/le-ridicule-ne-tue-pas-feat-lous-and-the-yakuza-single/1394527150</ref> Nyuma y’amezi atandatu ashakisha producer uhuza ibyifuzo bye, Kakoma yahisemo producer El Guincho wo muri [[Esipanye|Espagne]], nyuma yakazi ke ku ndirimbo ya " Malamente " ya Rosalía . Lous yasohoye indirimbo yabo ya mbere "Dilemme" ku ya 19 Nzeri 2019, yakozwe na El Guincho na Ponko. <ref name="JeuneAfrique">https://www.jeuneafrique.com/843300/culture/poesie-douceur-et-resilience-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> <ref name="NSSG">https://www.nssgclub.com/en/fashion/21598/lous-and-the-yakuza-remix-dilemme-ft-tha-supreme-mara-sattei</ref> Iyi ndirimbo yatumye Kakoma amenyekana cyane, ikusanya miliyoni zirenga 20 kuri Spotify, miliyoni 8.9 zerekanwe kuri YouTube, ikaza ku mwanya wa mbere kuri Spotify Italia ya Viral 50. <ref name="NSSG" /> <ref name="Glamour">https://www.glamourparis.com/culture/actu-musique/articles/lous-and-the-yakuza-de-la-difficulte-detre-une-femme-noire/79358</ref> Amashusho y'indirimbo, yayobowe na Wendy Morgan, yerekana indangamuntu zitandukanye Lous afite ahantu hatandukanye, hagamijwe kwerekana ubuzima bwe kuva muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] yerekeza mu [[Bubiligi]]. <ref name="OkayAfrica">https://www.okayafrica.com/lous-and-the-yakuza-dilemme-video/</ref> Ku ya 1 Mata 2020, remix irimo umuraperi [[Ubutaliyani|w’umutaliyani]] Tha Supreme [[Ubutaliyani|n’umutaliyani]] Mara yashyizwe ahagaragara<ref name="NSSG" />. Muri Red Bull Elektropedia Awards 2019, Lous and The Yakuza yegukanye umudari wa feza mu cyiciro cya "Fresh on the Scene". <ref name="Tex and the City">https://texxandthecity.com/2019/12/meet-congolese-queen-lous-and-the-yakuza-through-her-bloody-video-for-tout-est-gore/</ref> Indirimbo ya kabiri ya Lous, "Tout est gore", nayo yakozwe na El Guincho, yasohotse ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2019. <ref name="Tex and the City" /> Iyi ndirimbo imaze kumenyekana nyuma yuko umukinnyi wa filime Issa Rae asakaje amashusho kuri videwo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="Essence">https://www.essence.com/entertainment/issa-rae-introduced-new-favorite-artist-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> Ku ya 20 Werurwe 2020, Lous yasohoye indirimbo ye ya gatatu yise "Solo", hamwe n'amashusho y'indirimbo yakozwe na Wendy Morgan na Kevin Bago. <ref name="Fader">https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/21/lou-and-the-yakuza-video-solo</ref> Filime ngufi bifitanye isano, yiswe "Solo (Itangiriro)" yasohotse ku ya 14 Mata 2020. <ref name="AfroPunk">https://afropunk.com/2020/04/lous-and-the-yakuza-solo-genesis-documentary/</ref> Indirimbo zose uko ari eshatu zashyizwe kuri alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Gore'', yakozwe na El Guincho. Ubusanzwe byari biteganijwe ko izasohoka ku ya 5 Kamena 2020, alubumu yaje gutinda kugeza mu mwaka wa 2021. <ref name="Glamour" /> <ref name="Spotify">https://newsroom.spotify.com/2020-05-22/meet-lous-and-the-yakuza-the-belgian-artist-who-can-sing-in-any-language/</ref> Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2020, Kakoma yasinyiye kujya yerekana inzu yimyambariro [[Ubufaransa|y'umufaransa]] Chloé. <ref name="l'officiel">https://www.lofficiel.be/mode/lous-and-the-yakuza-etait-la-star-du-defile-chloe-automne-hiver-2020-2021</ref> Muri Werurwe 2020, Lous and the Yakuza yashyizwe muri gahunda ya Spotify ya RADAR, igamije kwagura abahanzi ku isi hose binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="Spotify" />Ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2021, yasohoye indirimbo ye "Je ne sais pas", irimo umuraperi wo mu [[Butaliyani]] Sfera Ebbasta . <ref>https://www.sonymusic.ca/press_release/lous-and-the-yakuza-releases-new-track-je-ne-sais-pas-feat-sfera-ebbasta</ref> Ku ya 4 Werurwe, yaririmbye mu iserukiramuco rya muzika rya Sanremo 2021 muri duet hamwe na Gaia, hamwe n'indirimbo ''Mi sono innamorato di te'' ya Luigi Tenco . <ref>https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/culture/2991167-20210305-sanremo-2021-lous-and-the-yakuza-fait-sensation-festival-chanson-italienne</ref> Ku ya 8 Kanama, yifatanyije na Woodkid mu birori byo gutanga ihererekanyabubasha kuva mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo 2020 yerekeza i Paris 2024. <ref>https://www.rtbf.be/tipik/musique/detail_lous-and-the-yakuza-et-pomme-ont-rejoint-woodkid-pour-rythmer-la-ceremonie-de-passation-des-jeux-olympiques?id=10821150</ref>Umuziki wa Kakoma wasobanuwe nk "" silky "ihuza TRAP, R&amp;amp;B, na pop . <ref name="OTW">https://www.onestowatch.com/blog/lous-and-the-yakuza-solo</ref> == Ishusho rusange == Kakoma azwiho isura rusange, ni ukuvuga ikimenyetso gishushanyijeho ku gahanga, cyasobanuwe nk'inyuguti 'Y' n'akadomo hagati kandi kikagereranya n'ikimenyetso cy'urukundo rwa Prince # 2 . Kakoma ubwe yahimbye ikimenyetso, cyiswe ''les mains levées vers le ciel (amaboko yazamuye yerekeza mu kirere)'', nk'ikimenyetso kigamije kugereranya amaboko abiri ahuza isi n'ijuru. Ukwizera kwe kw'idini no kwizera Imana byamubereye intandaro yo kurema ikimenyetso. <ref name="L'Express" /> Lous yamenyekanye kandi kumyambarire ye nuburyo bwe, yakuye ku bahanzi nka FKA Twigs na Erykah Badu . <ref name="NSSG" /> == Ubuzima bwite == Nk'umwana, Kakoma yakundaga umukino bita 'manga' kandi yabonaga ashishikajwe ninsanganyamatsiko zijyanye namateka ya muntu, cyane cyane ubutwari n'ibikorwa by'intwari, nkibisobanuwe mu byanditswe na Cicero . Mu kubyiruka kwe, yari umukinnyi wa siporo kandi yanakinnye umupira w'amaguru [[Amerika|w'abanyamerika]] imyaka irindwi kubera ko yari ashishikajwe na ''Eyeshield 21'' . <ref name="Intrld">https://intrld.com/interview-lous-and-the-yakuza/</ref> Kakoma yakoze ubushakashatsi bwo kwandika nk'uburyo bwo kwerekana kuva mu bwana, igihe ashishikajwe no kuba umwanditsi w'ibitabo byamuteye kwandika impapuro zirenga 300 z'uburebure. <ref name="Intrld" /> Usibye umuziki n'imyambarire, Lous n'umuhanga cyane, gushushanya bisanzwe,gushushanya imyenda no gukora 'manga' nibishushanyo mbonera . <ref name="Intrld" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] ee437rvrbu9kdu7xfl2skk35lxe8sp2 0 10420 83172 83171 2022-05-09T05:37:30Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne-Marie Goumba''' (wavutse ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1954), ni umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] kandi ni umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afurika kuva [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] . Ni umupfakazi wuwahoze ari umunyapolitiki muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] Abel Goumba <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/anne-marie-goumba/lists</ref><ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/women-members-of-the-pan-african-parliament</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Anne-Marie Mbakondo yavutse ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1954 i [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Yabanje kwiga amashuri makuru muri École Normale Supérieure i Save, mu [[Rwanda]], mbere yo gukomeza kwiga muri Université Catholique d'Afrique Centrale . Nyuma yaje gukora umurimo wo kwigisha nka mwarimu mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi rya [[Butare]] hagati ya 1973 na 1977. Agezeyo, yahuye na Abel Goumba, na we wari umwarimu ku bibazo by'ubuzima rusange, nyuma amugira umugore. <ref name="dictionary">https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA313</ref><ref>https://mediafugees.com/anne-marie-goumba-dune-guerre-a-lautre</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Umugabo we yari amaze igihe kinini avugurura ibya politiki muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafriqu]]<nowiki/>e, yashinze icyaje guhinduka ishyaka rya Patriotic Front for Progress. Na we yashyigikiye imirimo ya FPP, kandi ahagarara mu matora rusange yo muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] ya 2005 maze atorerwa kuba umudepite mu karere ka gatanu ka Bangui namajwi 37.32% mu matora yo ku ya 8 Gicurasi. Muri ayo matora , umugabo we ntiyabashije gutsinda. Amaze kujya munteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], yatowe nk'uhagarariye [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afrika<ref name="dictionary" /><ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/anne-marie-goumba</ref>. Muri Mutarama 2015, yashimye ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro bikorwa n'u [[Rwanda]], avuga ko mu gihe amaze imyaka 30 muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], atigera yibagirwa ko yavuye mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>http://rwandaises.com/2015/01/rwandais-de-centrafrique-rapatries-au-vu-du-comportement-des-rdf/</ref>. Ni umuhuzabikorwa w’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta witwa Les Flamboyants, ushaka gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abana<ref>http://www.journaldebangui.com/article.php?aid=9559</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] ggiwaveqrirjw0owcae0al10kf72tc0 0 10421 83365 83176 2022-05-12T07:26:52Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ines Mpambara''' ni Umunyapolitiki wo [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] usanzwe akora nka Minisitiri ushinzwe Imirimo y'abaminisitiri kuva muri Werurwe 2020.<ref>https://www.primature.gov.rw/about</ref> == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Ines_Mpambara.jpg|thumb| Ines Mpambara]] Kugeza agizwe ushinzwe Imirimo y'abaminisitiri <ref><nowiki>https://www.chronicles.rw/2020/02/27/the-meteoric-rise-of-ines-mpambara-new-minister-for-cabinet-affairs/</nowiki></ref>, yari amaze imyaka irenga 10 akora nk'umuyobozi wa Guverinoma mu biro bya Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]] <ref><nowiki>https://www.rulindo.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/rulindo-abitabiriye-umwiherero-winama-njyanama-basabwe-gukorera-ku-ntego-no-kuzuzanya</nowiki></ref>. Yabanje kandi gukora muri Minisiteri y’ubuzima aho yakoraga imyanya itandukanye, Mbere yaho yakoraga mu cyahoze ari [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] nk'umwarimu akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishuri ry'itangazamakuru n'itumanaho.<ref>https://rugali-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/rugali.com/kagame-yakoze-impinduka-muri-leta-ye-yinjizamo-ines-mpambara-utungwa-agatoki-mu-rupfu-rwa-kizito-mihigo/amp/?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16520768597267&csi=1&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Frugali.com%2Fkagame-yakoze-impinduka-muri-leta-ye-yinjizamo-ines-mpambara-utungwa-agatoki-mu-rupfu-rwa-kizito-mihigo%2F</ref> == Reba == 2of1yxduyvyi27dk95gxwfeosv1ius2 0 10422 83181 2022-05-09T09:35:20Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Elwati elve]] to [[Elwati Elve]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Elwati Elve]] 8i27u0l5ghjuvuo7my2cnsrxhzxd0bs 0 10423 83184 2022-05-09T10:24:27Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Anita pendo]] to [[Anita Pendo]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Anita Pendo]] ilpune10cgyolpphnq7pkcxsp3zjni0 0 10424 83186 2022-05-09T10:37:27Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Claire kamanzi]] to [[Claire Kamanzi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Claire Kamanzi]] 2u46wy71jtophmpjvhdk1b5kcjvrt52 0 10425 83363 83188 2022-05-12T04:53:36Z EmausBot 1282 Robot : correction d’une double redirection vers [[Esther Mbabazi]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Esther Mbabazi]] k0hboy9i3u2y6yrbop59tvm7kuajt4w 0 10426 83191 2022-05-09T10:53:37Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Ariel wayz]] to [[Ariel Wayz]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ariel Wayz]] dqgp0ik08h31h1oeeavhhp3c2e7tkh1 0 10427 83193 2022-05-09T10:54:27Z Andre Engels 106 Andre Engels moved page [[Mutesi jolly]] to [[Mutesi Jolly]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mutesi Jolly]] bdejrvm6sbasbwz1govd24lba77k849 0 10428 83194 2022-05-09T11:05:36Z 37.111.223.65 Publish article wikitext text/x-wiki Amashanyarazi ya skateboard numuntu utwara abantu ashingiye kuri skateboard. Umuvuduko mubisanzwe ugenzurwa nintoki zidafite intoki zifata kure cyangwa kugendana uburemere bwumubiri hagati yimbere yubuyobozi kugirango bugende imbere ninyuma kugirango feri. Kubijyanye nicyerekezo cyurugendo iburyo cyangwa ibumoso, birahindurwa muguhindura ikibaho kuruhande rumwe cyangwa kurundi. Itondekanya ryibibaho byamashanyarazi (urugero niba byujuje ibisabwa nk <nowiki>'' imodoka '</nowiki>) kandi byemewe gukoreshwa mumihanda cyangwa kaburimbo biratandukanye mubihugu. '''Ubwoko bwa Skatebo Yamashanyarazi''' Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa skateboard yamashanyarazi kumasoko. * Ikibaho kirekire - Nibyiza kubagenzi. * Cruisers - Nibyiza gukora urugendo rurerure. '''[https://lumbuy.com/the-fastest-electric-skateboard-reviews/ Fastest Electric Skateboard]''' Buri mwaka ushize utujyana mubihe bigezweho, bidukeneye guhindura imibereho yacu. Wigeze wumva bavuga ngo, "Ibibazo bigezweho bikeneye ibisubizo bigezweho" cyangwa "Ibihe bigezweho bikenera ibikoresho bigezweho?" Isi igenda yerekeza kubikoresho byikora byikora, nawe ugomba kubikora. Uyu munsi twakusanyije amakuru kuri kimwe mubintu bigezweho. Nibyo skateboard yamashanyarazi yihuta kwisi. '''Umutekano''' Ububiko busanzwe bwo gucuruza nkibyavuye muri Evolve na Boosted burashobora kugera kumuvuduko wo hejuru wa 20-25mph (32-40kph) muburyo bwihuse, mugihe imbaho ninzobere zishobora kwubakwa na moteri ikomeye cyane kumuvuduko wa 50mph (80kph ) no hanze yacyo. Feri isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa nka Dynamic feri / Gufata feri biva mumuziga winyuma gusa kandi intera ihagarara irashobora gutandukana cyane hagati ya moteri niziga / ipine. Habayeho impanuka nyinshi zica zirimo amashanyarazi ya skateboard hamwe na konti nyinshi zo gusura ibitaro. Ibikoresho byawe birinda harimo ingofero, ivi, inkokora hamwe nudupapuro twamaboko birasabwa kugenda byihuse. q2vj22ps9v9qx7rz132rt2xwp7hg176 0 10429 83206 83204 2022-05-09T13:41:25Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' ni umubyeyi w'umunyarwandakazi umenyerewe muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] nyarwanda nka Kankwanzi mu runana, ukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] zitadukanye kandi akaba ari n'umwe mu bakinnyi b’ikinamico mu [[Rwanda]]. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' [wavutse 1964] ni [[umugore]] tumenyereye kumazina ya Kankwanzi , yavukiye mu [[Kigali|uMujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Ni [[imfura]] mu bana batatu bavukana nawe. Mu buzima busanzwe ni [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w’[[Umwana|abana]] babiri[umuhungu n’umukobwa] gusa ntiyagize amahirwe yo gusazana n’umugabo kuko batandukanye ubu buri wese akaba y'ibana ariko by’umwihariko Marie Médiatrice akaba abana n’aba [[abana]] be bombi. Mu amashuri yisumbuye yize Sicial.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref> == IKINAMICO NA FILIMI == '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' avuga ko yatangiye kwiyumvamo impano akiri muto gusa akaza kugira amahirwe yo gutangira gukina ikinamico ku mugaragaro mu 1988 ubwo yari afite [[Umwaka|imyaka]] 24 y’amavuko.Yagize ati”Natangiye [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|ubuhanzi]] bw’ikinamico mu 1988. Ni impano nari mfite kuko natangiye kuyiyumvamo nkiri [[umwana]], nyuma ya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenosid]]<nowiki/>e  yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] anjya mu itorero rya Mashirika,  mu 1998  nabwo Urunana ruza gushaka abakinnyi ngiyeyo ndatsinda ninjiramo gutyo.”<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-kankwanzi-wamamaye-mu-ikinamico-urunana-ari-umugore-wa</ref><ref>https://ughe.org/kankwanzi-how-one-womans-tenacity-has-empowered-others</ref> === IZINA KANKWANZI === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' nka '''Kankwanzi''' akigera mu ikinamico Urunana kwitwa iri zina yabanje kubyanga kubera ukuntu yari kujya akina ari [[umugore]] ugaragaza ubujiji bwinshi.Yagize ati”Mu Urunana bari bari gushaka abakinnyi 8, babanje gutoranye 16 ndatsinda, barongera batoranya abandi 8 nabo mbazamo. Bampaye umwanya wa '''Kankwanzi'''  ndawanga cyane, nkavuga nti’Ntabwo nakina ndi [[Ikigori|ikigoryi]] meze kuriya’ ariko umwanditsi ambwira ko ari nziza ngeze aho ndabyemera.” Yavuze ko hari amahugurwa yari amazemo iminsi bamubwira ko [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] mwiza nta mwanya atakina birangira yemeye gukina ari mu ishusho ya Kankwanzi w’umunyacyaro.Kankwanzi avuga ko bitewe n'uburyo akina ari [[umugore]] w'umuturage kandi w' hari abantu benshi baba bumva ko ari nako ateye mu [[ubuzima]] busanzwe, gusa ngo iyo bamubonye birabatungura.Yagize ati “Hari [[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)|umuntu]] wavuye mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] w’umuzungukazi na we ukora biriya by’amakinamico, ambwira ko yumvaga ndi umunyacyaro cyane mfite ubujiji nka buriya mba ngaragaza. Na bamwe mu abanyamakuru ba BBC bigeze kuza mu [[Rwanda]] bambonye baratangara.”<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115359/kankwanzi-wa-bushombe-yahishuye-uko-yubatse-amazu-akuye-ubushobozi-mu-gukina-ikinamico-asa-115359.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65608/ukuri-ku-makuru-ari-gucicikana-ko-umukinnyi-mu-ikinamico-uru-65608.html</ref><ref>https://ughe.org/kankwanzi-how-one-womans-tenacity-has-empowered-others</ref> === IBYO AGEZEHO === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' nka Kwankwanzi Kankwanzi yemeza ko Urunana rumaze kugira uruhare rukomeye mu [[Iterambere ry'umugore mu Rwanda|iterambere]] ry’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we, ndetse akaba yariyubakiye [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] akubaka n’izindi zo gukodesha zimwinjiriza amafaranga buri [[ukwezi]]. Akina ikinamico abikomatanya na [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ariko yemeza ko Urunana ari rwo rwamufashije cyane kuko [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] yagiye akina ari nkeya kandi zikaba zitanabamo amafaranga menshi.Yagize ati”Urunana rumaze kungeza kuri byinshi nabashije kwiyubakira [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] y'i[[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA|icumbi]], narihiye [[abana]] [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] nubaka n’andi mazu yo gukodesha byose kubera kurukomatanya no gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ariko navuga ko uruhare runini ari Urunana kuko muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nta mafaranga arimo menshi.”Yakinnye muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] yitwa ‘[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEFp4oWmHgc Haranira kubaho]’,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEFp4oWmHgc</ref> ‘[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xOjEopbY Zirara zishya]’<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xOjEopbY</ref>   n’izindi nyinshi ndetse by’umwihariko yananyuze muri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]] <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpwclR8RhbY</ref> ariko ntabwo akigaragaramo kuko mu mwanya yakinagamo yapfuye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-kankwanzi-wamamaye-mu-ikinamico-urunana-ari-umugore-wa</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8_FHGO9iCE</ref> === IBYO AKUNDA === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' Avuga ko akunda cyane abahanzi bo ha mbere biganjemo Fredéric Francois, George Moustaki, Nana Mouskouri n’abandi. Ati ‘bariya bahanzi baririmba [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zituje z[[Igifaransa|’igifaransa]] zo ha mbere ndazikunda cyane.’Mu bahanzi bo mu [[Rwanda]] b’ubu avuga ko azi Amag The Black,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M27nPfwgRmM</ref> King James<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9RfBi-F1GQ</ref>, Jay Polly<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M27nPfwgRmM</ref> na Knowless<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRbiAat4sEc</ref>.Mu [[Umwana|abana]] be, '''Kankwanzi''' yemeza ko umuto [[umwana]] w’umukobwa witwa Umwali Aurore  ari we ugaragaza impano yo gukina ikinamico ndetse bakaba bakinana ari [[umwana]] we mu Urunana yitwa Kereri [Claire]<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref>.Ashishikariza abakuru biyumvamo impano kudatinya kuzigaragaza ndetse akanasaba abandi bamaze kugira aho bagera muri uyu mwuga gushyigikira impano z’abakiri bato nk'[[Umwana|abana]].<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Reba == 3jm18ejxvv6cj19f8n4ufv5royx723q 0 10430 83207 2022-05-09T15:17:56Z Puerta25 10599 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Eugénie Kayitesi Umunyarwandakazi, Ubu akaba atuye anakorera muri Africa Yepfo, Akaba Nimpuguke mubijyanye Nubuhinzi,ndetse Nubutubuzi bwimyaka.(Food Processing) == Amashuri yize. == Eugénie Kayitesi ifite impamya bushobozi ya Professor yakuye muri kaminuza ya University of Pretoria Mubijyanye Nimitunganyireze nibikomoka mubuhinzi (Consumer and Food science).<ref>https://johannesburg.academia.edu/Eug%C3%A9nieKayitesi</ref> == Ibihembo Yatwaye. == Eugénie Kayitesi yabonye igihembo cya African Women in Agriculture Research Development (AWARD), == Aho yanyuze. == Eugénie Yabaye mubagize ikigo Health Equity and Right Organization, (HERO) Ikigo kitagamiye kuri Leta y'uRwanda. Kayitesi Kandi yabaye Umujyanama wa komite yikigo cya Food Evaluation Research Laboratory (FERL).<ref>https://twas.org/directory/kayitesi-eugenie</ref> == Ibirushijeho. == orhoh58226hm2zz1h60khx4njebw63a 0 10431 83280 83278 2022-05-10T14:59:55Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Reta y'u[[Rwanda]] ibinyujije muri minisiteri y'ibidukikije yatangije gahunda yo gutera amashyamba gusigasira ahari kubungabunga amashyamba ya kimeza ndetse ni ikengerezo za yo guhana abangiza amashya no gushyigikira abantu bafite umuhate mu gutera amashyamba<ref>Abaturage barakangurirwa kurushaho gufata neza amashyamba yabo - Kigali Today</ref>u [[Rwanda]] muri rusange rufite amashyamba ari ku buso bwa hegitari 724,666 ari byo bingana na 30.4%<ref>“Gutera amashyamba aho bishoboka hose mu Rwanda ni uruhare rwa buri wese” – Minisitiri w’Intebe - Kigali Today</ref> Ibiti biteye mu [[Rwanda]], 30% ari ibivangwa n’imyaka kandi hakaba hari gahunda yo kubyongera ku buryo muri 2024 bizaba bigeze kuri 85% no kongera ubuso buteyeho amashyamba<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/hegitari-380-z-amashyamba-zitemwa-buri-cyumweru-hashakwa-amakara-umujyi-wa</ref> . == Intego y'uRwanda mu kongera amashyamba == Reta y'u[[Rwanda]] ibinyujije mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amashyamba kivuga ko u [[Rwanda]] rufite intego yo gusubiranya ibice byangiritse bidafite amashyamba no kongera aho yagabanutse, gusarura no gutera andi mashyamba aho atigeze hagamijwe kuyongera<ref>Kongera ubuso buteyeho amashyamba mu Rwanda bihagaze bite? - Kigali Today</ref>. == Umumaro w' amashyamba ku bidukikije n'urusobe rw'Ibinyabuzima == Amashyamba abumbatira urusobe rw'Ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ibimera muri rusange , amashyamba afite umumaro mu guhangana n'ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ibihe no guhangana na amapfa nko mugihe cyi izuba cyangwa imvura nyishi muri rusanga.<ref>http://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/ubuso-bw-amashyamba-y-u-rwanda-buri-hafi-kungana-n-ubw-amajyaruguru-n</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] h1pxgskb0y9yi89nyofouizzwwwzbjn 0 10432 83211 83210 2022-05-09T16:09:26Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Juliet Kabera ni Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo gishinzwe gucunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> == Umwuga == Juliet Kabera numuyobozi wikigo gishinzwe Kurinda Ibidukije Mu Rwanda (REMA ) , Akaba yarashyizweho muri Gicurasi 2020. Mbere yo gushyirwaho, yari afite umuyobozi mukuru w’ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije. Nyakanga . Juliet yabaye Umuyobozi wa Komite Nyobozi y'Ikigega Cyinshi cya Protokole ya Montreal mu mwaka wa 2019/2020.<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=48</ref> == Amashuri Yize == Juliet KABERA yahawe impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor muri Siyanse yize ibijyanye na Biochemie yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere Kampala, muri Werurwe 2002, naho muri Kamena 2020 arangiza Masters muri Conservation MBA muri kaminuza Nyafurika y'Ubuyobozi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/886973</ref> == Icyo Avuga muguca Amashashi Mu Rwanda == Kabera yavuze ko uburambe bw’imyanda ya pulasitike bwagaragaje akamaro k’ubufatanye bw’igihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwanda.Ati: "Nyuma y'ibiganiro bikomeye mu mezi ashize, twishimiye intambwe imaze guterwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga rwemewe n'amategeko ku bijyanye no kwanduza plastike".<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> Umushinga w’icyemezo uremera imiterere y’imipaka y’ikibazo cy’umwanda wa pulasitike kandi ko ari ngombwa kuwukemura aho uturuka.Yavuze ko hakenewe gushyirwaho amategeko akomeye na politiki haba ku rwego rw'igihugu ndetse no ku isi hose, agira ati: “Kubera ko umwanda wa plastike ari ikibazo cyambukiranya imipaka, dushobora kugikemura dukorera hamwe.”<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> === '''Referances''' === [[Ikiciro:Women in Politics]] h2ugfvnjyfdea93o21s1w2fa71wunwb 0 10433 83218 83217 2022-05-09T17:07:49Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mutimura Christine Wekesa. jpg.jpg|thumb|Mutimura Christine Wekesa Umunyamategeko W'umunyarwandakazi]] Ni Umunyamategeko w’umunyarwandakazi == Ibyo wamumenyaho == Mutimura Christine Wekesa yari ku rutonde rw’abakandida 35 b’abahanga mu by’amategeko bemejwe n’Inama y’abaminisitiri ba [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] (East African Community). yateranye kuwa 4-6 Mata 2022. Mutimura yakoze mu bunyamabanga bwa (East African Community)[[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]] ari umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iby’amategeko. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/05/christine-mutimura-wekesa-is-new-deputy-registrar-of-eac-court-of-justice/</ref> Mutimura Christine Wekesa yarahiriye inshingano mu gihe (East African Community Justice ) [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EACJ]] idafite umwanditsi kuko Yufnalis Okubo, yagiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kuwa 31 Werurwe 2022 afite imyaka 60. Bivuzeko ko azaba akora inshingano z’umwanditsi mukuru mu gihe hagishakishwa umwanditsi mukuru.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mutimura-christine-yagizwe-umwanditsi-wungirije-w-urukiko-rwa-eacj</ref> Umuhango wo kurahiza Mutimura wabereye i Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]] ku cyicaro cy’urukiko rwa (East African Community)[[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]], uyoborwa na Perezida warwo Nestor Kayobera n’abandi bacamanza. Ni inshingano nshya z’umwanditsi wungirije w’Urukiko rw’Umuryango wa [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|EAC]](East African Community Justice[[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|)]].<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/05/christine-mutimura-wekesa-is-new-deputy-registrar-of-eac-court-of-justice/</ref> == Ibindi binyamakuru bimuvugaho == <references /> bpaltz4kww9t5xuprj1nb2vfrpcorhb 0 10434 83221 83213 2022-05-09T17:21:26Z Camilopiz 9834 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Park Entrance in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Pariki]] N'Umushinga washizweho kugirango barebe banashire mubikorwa ikigo gishya aricyo [[Pariki]] Nyandungu . == Uko byakozwe == Kuva muri Nzeri 2018, Minisiteri y’ibidukikije yabinyujije mu kigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] (REMA) yaririmo gutegura [[Pariki]] y’imyidagaduro y’igishanga i Nyandungu, kugira ngo itange ahantu ho kwidagadurira mu mijyi, igarure imikorere y’amazi y’igishanga no kongera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/progress-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park-project</ref>Muntangiriro, umushinga wateguwe kurangira mubice bibiri, icyiciro cya mbere cyatangiye kuva 2016 kugeza 2018 cyarimo kwiga no gutegura umushinga, mugihe icyiciro cya kabiri cyatangiye kuva 2018 kugeza 2020 cyari kigamije kwibanda kubikorwa byo kubaka.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/progress-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park-project</ref>Ibikorwa byumushinga byarahagaze kubera kongera gukora neza umushinga no guhindura ikigo cyashyiraga mubikorwa byumushinga, kuko nta buhanga bwari bufite bwo gutunganya ubusitani.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/progress-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park-project</ref> == Icyabiteye == Impamvu zahagaritse ibikorwa byumushinga harimo imvura idasanzwe itunguranye yateje imyuzure ikabije igira ingaruka kubikorwa byumushinga ndetse no gufunga icyorezo cya Covid-19 hamwe nakazi kashyizweho na leta kugirango ikumire ikwirakwizwa rya coronavirus.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/progress-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park-project</ref>Izi mbogamizi zagize ingaruka kubikorwa byumushinga kandi ziyandikisha gutinda kumezi 8, kurugero ko bitazarangira muri 2020 nkuko byari byateganijwe.Ariko, inama hagati ya REMA, rwiyemezamirimo nu mucungezi wibikorwa byumushinga byarangiye wongereye andi mezi atandatu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/opinions/progress-nyandungu-eco-tourism-park-project</ref> === References === b9b1hdq3xbpr3wuavmpx6totnkug22j 0 10435 83223 83222 2022-05-09T17:41:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Izina ryabaye ikimenyabose ni Claire[cyangwa Kerere], umukobwa wa Kankwanzi na Bushombe bo mu Ikinamico Urunana, amazemo [[Umwaka|imyaka]] irenga cumi n’ibiri amazina ye nyakuri ni '''Umwali Aurore'''. == Ubuzima == '''claire''' cyangwa '''Kerere''' Ubusanzwe yitwa '''Umwali Aurore''' akaba yaramamaye nka Claire mu [https://rw.scienceforming.com/10863495-what-is-drama ikinamico]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> urunana<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> yanyuraga kuri [https://www.bbc.com/ BBC] ,<ref>https://www.bbc.com/</ref> [[https://www.bbc.com/ British Broadcasting Corporation]],<ref>https://www.bbc.com/</ref> iri zina ni naryo abaturanyi bamuhamagara iwabo i [[Nyamirambo]] kuri 40. Yatangiye gukina Urunana<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> yiga mu kiburamwaka mu mwaka wa 2005.Icyo gihe ajya gukina Urunana<ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ikinamico-urunana/id1492479210</ref> ntiyari azi ibyo arimo neza nk’umwana wari umaze igihe gito atangiye kwiga kugenda no guca akenge. Yinjiye mu ikinamico ajyanwe n’[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we [[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]] [uwo bakinana nka Kankwanzi [<nowiki/>[[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]] ari na we [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we mu Runana]. Umwali Aurole, ubu yiga mu [[umwaka]] wa kane mu [[ishuri]] rya [https://vymaps.com/RW/St-Philip-Tvet-School-31529/ Saint Philippe Gikondo]<ref>http://hanga.rw/read_article.php?article=1789&art=Kigali:Umurenge%20wa%20Gikondo%20ukomeje%20.html</ref> riherereye m'Umurenge wa Kigarama mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|akarere ka kicukiro]], mu ishami ry’ibaruramari. Yavukiye mu [[umujyi wa Kigali]], i [[Nyamirambo]] aho ni mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]] ari naho [[Umwana|abana]] n’[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] we [[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]] ['''Kankwanzi'''].<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref> == Gukina Ikinamico == '''Umwali Aurore''' w’imyaka 17 avuga ko atajya agorwa no gukina ari [[Umwana|umukobwa]] wo mu cyaro, icyamufashije cyane ngo ni uko yatangiye kubikina akiri muto bityo abikuriramo bikiyongeraho ko yumva akunze [[Icyarabu|icyaro]].Ati “Uretse ko dukina ibyanditse ariko nubwo navukiye mu [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]] [[ubuzima]] bw’icyaro ndabukunda, mu gukina ndabanza nkishyira mu buzima bw’icyaro nkabona gukina nk’[[umwana]] wo mu cyaro. Iyo Umwali na [[Nyinawamwiza Laetitia|nyina]] bari mu rugo mu buzima busanzwe ntiwapfa kumenya ko bakinana mu Runana<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p0c54wg1</ref> gusa hari [[Igiherero|igihe]] baterura ikiganiro ukumvamo amajwi yo kwa Bushombe na Kankwanzi ([[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]) i [[Nyamirambo]]. Umwali avuga ko kuba yarahawe gukina ari [[umwana]] wa Kankwanzi [<nowiki/>[[Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice]]] ari na we nyina w’amaraso ngo “Bimfasha kwirekura mu gukina.”<ref>https://yegob.rw/ibiteye-amatsiko-wibaza-kuri-kankwanzi-wo-mu-runanaumubano-we-na-bushombe-icyo-apfana-na-claire/</ref> === Urunana === '''Umwali Aurore''' nka '''Kerere''' cyangwa '''Claire''' yibuka ko akinjira mu [https://rw.scienceforming.com/10863495-what-is-drama ikinamico]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> Urunana,<ref>https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/ikinamico-urunana/id1492479210</ref> amafaranga ya mbere bamuhembye nyina yamuguriyemo [http://ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/article/VIDEO-Twaganiriye-na-Golizo-igipupe-gitangaje-kiganira-nk-abantu-bikayobera-benshi-i-Kigali?fbclid=IwAR3CGQB9epOB4ACxk346HDfEX9pGfj8rFe9cxf2MsazZkV9lgdIEO29IyJE igipupe], gusa amaze guca akenge ari we bacishaho amafaranga yabashije kwigurira [[:en:Telephone|telefone]] igezweho.Hejuru y’inyungu nyinshi yakuye mu Runana, '''Umwali Aurore''' avuga ko igikomeye yungutse [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] mushya ndetse ngo ni byo bimwishyurira [[ishuri]].Ati “Igikomeye nungukiye mu [https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10561828-what-is-theater ikinamico] Urunana ni uko hari inyigisho batanga ku rubyiruko nanjye ngafataho, harimo n’inyungu z’amafaranga, mbasha kwiyishyurira [[ishuri]] kubera gukina.”Umwali avuga ko i [[Nyamirambo]] ahafite inshuti z’urungano banafitanye umubano ukomeye hanze y’ikinamico<ref>https://rw.cultureoeuvre.com/10561828-what-is-theater</ref> nka Petero, Mutesi, Obama musaza we nabandi.<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Inzozi == '''Umwali Aurore''' nka '''Kerere''' cyangwa '''Claire''' Inzozi afite harimo kwagura impano ye akazavamo [[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] ukomeye mu ikinamico.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/podcasts/p07yjfjq/p098qrz0</ref> Ikindi gikomeye yifuza ni ukuzaba [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] uzwi mu '''[[Rwanda]]''' agakoresha ubumenyi yakuye mu [[ishuri]].Ati “Numva nacuruza ibintu byo [[Kuragira|kurya]], ngashinga nka alimentation<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentation</ref> cyangwa byazanshobokera ngashinga [[Hotel Rwanda|hoteli]].”<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Reba == 8mqmk098tfmc9n1vwqafx3duvkebx6j 0 10436 83228 83225 2022-05-09T22:17:30Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Everyone a Humanitarian Launch Night.jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2016]] '''Clemantine Wamariya''' (wavutse mu mwaka 1988) <ref>http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20190119-wamariya-clemantine-rwandaise-fille-sourire-perles-weil-elizabeth</ref> ni umwanditsi [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]], akaba n’umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu cyane. <ref name="NPR">https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/04/19/714652428/she-fled-rwanda-to-survive-but-does-not-like-the-words-refugee-or-genocide?t=1562329786243</ref>Yavukiye mu muryango usanzwe i [[Kigali]] n'ababyeyi be afite imyaka itandatu kubera [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], Yahungiye kwa nyirakuru mu majyepfo y’igihugu ariko ahatirwa kongera guhunga igihe jenoside yibasiraga umuryango wabo ikica nyirakuru. Yahunze igihugu amara imyaka itari mike azenguruka [[Afurika]] mbere yo guhabwa viza y'impunzi [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]]<ref>https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2010/09/09/rwandan-refugee-reaches-out/</ref><ref>https://re-publica.com/en/member/9588</ref> . Yatuye hamwe n'umuryango we mu gace ka Chicago maze atangira amashuri afite imyaka cumi n'itatu. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2006 binyuze kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show ubwo yahuraga'' bitunguranye n'ababyeyi be. Amaze kurangiza muri kaminuza ya Yale, yakomeje umwuga wo kuvuga mu ruhame harimo ibiganiro bya TED . Muri 2018, yasohoye igitabo kivuga ibyamubayeho, yise ''The Girl Who Smiled Beads''. Niwe wahawe igihembo cya Alex Awards 2019<ref>https://newtriernews.org/features/2019/05/23/interview-with-08-grad-clemantine-wamariya/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe muri make == [[Dosiye:-rp17 - Tag 3 (34570805655).jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2017]] Wamariya yavukiye kandi akurira i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Se yari umucuruzi mu bucuruzi bwa tagisi naho nyina yari umuhinzi ahinga imbuto n'indabyo murugo. <ref name="Guardian">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/apr/28/i-was-reunited-with-my-long-lost-family-on-oprah</ref> [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] ryatangiye muri Mata 1994, igihe Wamariya yari afite imyaka itandatu. Umuryango watangiye kumva urusaku rwinshi rwatewe n’amasasu, murumuna we Pudi avuga ko ari inkuba, basanga abaturanyi babo badahari. Nyina wa Wamariya amaze kumenya akaga kari kuba, yamwohereje hamwe na mushiki we, Claire, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo y’igihugu]] kugira ngo babane mu isambu ya nyirakuru. Ariko ibyo nabyo ntibyari bifite umutekano, kandi umuryango wibasiwe bikomeye. Igihe abajenosideri bakomanga ku rugi, we na Claire babwiwe na nyirakuru guhunga. Mu guhunga nijoro no kwihisha ku manywa, barokotse bigoranye, bashoboye guhunga igihugu bahinduka impunzi. Benshi mubavandimwe be, harimo na nyirakuru, barishwe<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/a-moment-on-oprah-made-her-a-human-rights-symbol-she-wants-to-be-more-than-that/2018/04/18/f394dd0c-3d98-11e8-a7d1-e4efec6389f0_story.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/after-writing-a-memoir-about-her-past-clemantine-wamariya-09-is-living-for-the-present</ref> Ahantu hambere umutekano bawusanze ni mu nkambi yimpunzi mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], ariko ntibashoboye gutura ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire. ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu nkambi no gushaka ahantu hari itera imbere byatumye bakomeza kwimuka bivuze ko bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora ingendo hagati y'inkambi. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/07/books/review/clemantine-wamariya-girl-who-smiled-beads.html</ref> Mu myaka itandatu yakurikiyeho bavuye mu [[Burundi]] bimukira muri Zayire, [[Tanzaniya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambike]], amaherezo baza kugera [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] . Kuva aho, mu 2000, we numuvandimwe we basabye Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe abimukira kubaha ubufasha, <ref name="WomenForWomen">https://www.womenforwomen.org/about/our-team/clemantine-wamariya</ref> bahabwa viza y'impunzi muri [[Amerika]]. Batuye hamwe n'umuryango mu nkengero za Chicago muri Kenilworth . <ref>https://modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/story-the-broken</ref> == Umwuga == === Kugaragara kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' === [[Dosiye:Everyone a Humanitarian Launch Night - 31234537090.jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2016]] Wamariya yamenyekanye bwa mbere kurwego mpuzamahanaga ubwo yagaragaraga kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' mu 2006, akiri umunyeshuri muri New Trier. Hamwe na mushiki we Claire, bamusabye kuzagaragara kuri iki kiganiro kugira ngo baganire ku byamubayeho mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ariko we numuvandimwe we batabizi, Winfrey yari yateguye guhura bitunguranye n'ababyeyi babo<ref>https://www.vogue.com/article/the-girl-who-smiled-beads-clemantine-wamiriya-interview</ref>. Se na nyina bombi barokotse [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]],Wamariya yari yaravuganye na bo kuri telefoni, ariko yari amaze imyaka cumi n'ibiri atabonana nabo imbonankubone. Abatunganya iki kiganiro bateguye ingendo z'ababyeyi bava muri [[Afurika]] no guhura kwabo kuri tereviziyo. Wamariya yatumiwe nk'umushyitsi mu gitaramo cya ''Oprah'' inshuro eshatu mu myaka yakurikiyeho, kandi uko yagaragaye muri iki kiganiro byatumye yamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. <ref>https://inside.tru.ca/2014/03/11/q-a-with-clemantine-wamariya/</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/04/19/714652428/she-fled-rwanda-to-survive-but-does-not-like-the-words-refugee-or-genocide</ref> [[Dosiye:-rp17 - Tag 3 (33728174294).jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2017]] Wamariya yashishikajwe no kuvugira mu ruhame mu gihe cy'ishuri, kuko yabwiraga abanyeshuri ibyamubayeho. <ref>https://medium.com/@clemantine1/ten-years-ago-i-unintentionally-set-myself-on-the-path-to-a-career-in-public-speaking-i-began-in-7241a666d740</ref> Amaze kugaragara kuri ''Oprah'', abategura ibirori, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubutabazi, baramutumiraga ngo avuge uko byagenze. <ref name="WP">https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/a-moment-on-oprah-made-her-a-human-rights-symbol-she-wants-to-be-more-than-that/2018/04/18/f394dd0c-3d98-11e8-a7d1-e4efec6389f0_story.html</ref> Mubikorwa bye harimo ikiganiro cya TED, cyiswe ''War and What Comes After'', <ref>https://www.ted.com/talks/clemantine_wamariya_war_and_what_comes_after?language=en</ref> Amaze kugaragara kuri ''Oprah'', kandi mu gihe yari umunyeshuri i Yale, Wamariya yakoraga ibiganiro byo kuvuga muri [[Amerika]] mu nzu ndangamurage y’Urwibutso rwa Holocaust muri Amerika (USHMM). Mu rwego rwo kubimenya, ndetse n’akazi yakoranye n’imiryango y’impunzi i Yale no muri New Haven, muri leta ya Connecticut, yagizwe umuyobozi wa USHMM na Perezida [[Barack Obama]] . <ref>https://www.ushmm.org/information/press/press-releases/president-obama-appoints-five-members-to-united-states-holocaust-memorial-c</ref> Yongeye gushyirwaho manda ya kabiri yimyaka itanu muri 2016. <ref>https://www.clemantine.org/bio</ref> === Ubwanditsi === Amaze kurangiza icyiciro cye muri Yale Wamariya yimukiye i San Francisco, yahuye n'umunyamakuru ''wa New York Times'' Elizabeth Weil, wari utuye mu gace kamwe. Yabwiye Weil ibyamubayeho, maze bombi batangira gutegura icyegeranyo kirekire bamaranye imyaka ibiri bagikoraho, cyasohotse muri 2018<ref>https://www.kirkusreviews.com/features/clemantine-wamariya/</ref>. Umutwe w'igitabo ni ''The Girl Who Smiled Beads''; ibi bivuga inkuru yabwiwe na nyirasenge akiri umwana. <ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/539103/the-girl-who-smiled-beads-by-clemantine-wamariya-and-elizabeth-weil/9780451495334/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] oql6zmjfektkwgebbbsa06v19urcsyi 0 10437 83277 83226 2022-05-10T14:46:43Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukangira Jacqueline''' Ni umunyarwandakazi W'umunyapolitikekazi n'umudipolomatekazi . Ni umukomiseri mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]<ref>[https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda? https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda?]</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high</ref> kandi yahoze ari Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] mu [[IGIHUGU N'INTORE|ibihugu]] bya [https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/24933 Noridike].<ref>https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/24933</ref> == Umwuga == '''Mukangira Jaqueline''' yagizwe Komiseri Mukuru wu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]<ref>[https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda? https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda?]</ref> mu nama ya guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yo ku ya 28 Ugushyingo mu mwaka 2019, agera mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high</ref> ku ya 4 [[Werurwe]] mu mwaka 2020. Ku ya 21 [[Gicurasi]] mu mwaka 2021, yashyikirije [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] w’[[Ubuhinde]] Ram Nath Kovind ibaruwa ye y’icyizere imwemerera guhagararira [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Peresida]] wu [[Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]] mu [[Ubuhinde|buhinde]], Ni mu muhango wakozwe nk’[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|inama]] ubwo hifashishwaga videwo kubera [[Icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda|icyorezo]] cya [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 Covid-19].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Mukangira</ref> <ref>https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019</ref> '''Mukangira Jacqueline''' we na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|perezida]] biyemeje gukorera hamwe kugira ngo barusheho gushimangira umubano w’[[Igihugu|ibihugu]] byombi no kungurana ibitekerezo hagati y'[[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] ni [[igihugu]] cya [[Malidivezi|Malidiva]].<ref>https://www.rwandainindia.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/the-high-commissioner-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-to-maldivian-president-1</ref> Bavuze ku bintu byihariye bigize [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] n'[[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] m’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na bimwe mu bikorwa [[Igihugu|ibihugu]] byombi [U [[Rwanda]] n'[[Ubuhinde]]]<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high</ref> bizateza imbere mu minsi ya vuba,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Mukangira</ref> Ambasaderi '''Mukangira Jacqueline''', kuri tariki 23 [[Werurwe]] muri uyumwaka wa 2022, yagejeje kuri [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] wa [[Bangaladeshi]], Abdul Hamid, [[Inzandiko za Pawulo|inyandiko]] zimwemerera guhagararira u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Bangaladeshi]], akaba afite icyicaro i [[:en:New_Delhi|New Delhi]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi</ref> mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]].<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amb-jacqueline-mukangira-yatanze-inyandiko-zimwemerera-guhagararira-u-rwanda</ref>'''Mukangira Jacqueline''' yari yarigeze gukora mu nzego zitandukanye mu [[igihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] : * Nkaho yari [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|umudepite]] [[Inteko ishinga amategeko|mu]] [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko]] [[Ishinge|ishinga]] [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|amategeko]] yu [[Rwanda]] [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|umutwe]] w'[[Umutwe w’Abadepite|abadepite]] mu mwaka(2004-2007), * Yabaye ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ubusuwisi|busuwisi]], * Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru muri [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri]] y'[[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|ububanyi]] [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|n'amahanga]] [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|n'ubutwererane]], * Amahame remezo n'[[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|umushakashatsi]] muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]. == Amashakiro == fb8ckss7am59u6jf9kl1ql5e6p815ko 0 10438 83337 83227 2022-05-11T14:38:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 edit wikitext text/x-wiki Mukamasabo Apolonie ni umuyobozi w'akarere ka Nyamasheke kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, uyu mwanya yawugiyeho asimbuye Kamarie Aime Fabien wahoze ayoboye ako karere nyuma akaza kwegura<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/amafoto-dore-abayobozi-b-uturere-batorewe-gusimbura-abaherutse-kwegura</ref><ref>https://www.isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/nyamasheke-abaturage-barishimira</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/06/nyamasheke-imiryango-20-yasenyewe-numuyaga-muri-2018-ishima-ko-ubu-itekanye-mu-nzu-nshya-yatujwemo/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/nyamasheke-miliyari-15-frw-zamaze-guhabwa-abatishoboye-binyuze-muri-vup</ref> == Indanganturo == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] ta9hq5avuh1ibwm4jobb6mttl3abtxl 0 10439 83230 83229 2022-05-09T22:45:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Numbona uzanyite umusizi, nunyumva uzanyite igisigo" - icyo ni icyivugo cya '''Carine Maniraguha''' umusizi kugeza ubu ufite igihembo giheruka cy'uwahize abandi bose mu '''[[Rwanda]]'''. == UBUSIZI == Ubusizi ni ubutunzi bukomeye bw'umuco w'abantu - bwabayeho kuva cyera cyane ku imigabane yose y[[Isi|'isi]] aho abasizi bungikanya [[Amagambo ahinnye|amagambo]] yuje ubuhanga n'injyana mu gusobanura ibiriho, [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], ibyishimo, intambara, urukundo, [[Amahoro Masa|amahoro]], n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref> '''Maniraguha Carine''' Kimwe mu bisigo bye gitangaje ni icyo yise "[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html Nsa nk'umusazi]"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> aho avuga ku byo areba mu ishusho y'[[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)|umuntu]] abandi bita [[Umusozi|umusazi]], ati: "Ariko uko wasara uko ari ko kose ntabwo ibintu byawe byose biba ari ubusazi." avuga ko yahanze icyo gisigo kuko abitwa abasazi n'abiyita abazima babona ibintu ugutandukanye kandi buri wese azi ko uko abibona aribyo bizima. Ati: "Nanjye nanditse kiriya gisigo nk'[[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] utari gusobanukirwa neza ibyo ndimo kureba, atari uko ari byiza ahubwo hari aho biri kutujyana hatari heza." '''Carine Maniraguha''' aka yaragaragaye muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] nka [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]], [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA Makuta]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1MTnJ_HNnA</ref> na [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk Ejo si kera]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkK6PCsoXQk</ref> zinyura kuri [https://www.rba.co.rw/ RBA] <ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/</ref>. === [https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe 21 WERURWE] === [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Ishami]]<nowiki/>ry'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|abibumbye]] ryita ku [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], ubumenyi, n'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO] <ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref>rivuga ko ariyo mpamvu buri mwaka tariki 21 [[Werurwe]] yahariwe kwishimira no gusigarisa ubusizi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref> Bigendanye n'uyu munsi wa 2022, ukuriye [https://www.unesco.org/en UNESCO]<ref>https://www.unesco.org/en</ref> yavuze ko "imbaraga z'ubusizi ntacyo wazigereranya", kandi ko nk'imvugo ifungura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|imiryango]] ku bandi ubusizi ari [[ubuvanganzo]] "bukenewe kurushaho mu bihe bikomeye".<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/maniraguha-acting-writing-and-curbing-hate-society</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/mu-mateka/article/tariki-21-werurwe</ref> == UBUZIMA == '''Maniraguha Carine''' [[Umwana|umukobwa]] w'umunyarwandakazi w'umusizi udasobecyeranya uzwi kandi nka '''Carine Poet''' [ufite imyaka 27] ubwo mu 2018 habaye irushanwa [https://artrwanda.rw/ Art Rwanda-Ubuhanzi] <ref>https://artrwanda.rw/</ref>ry'ikigo I[https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ mbuto Foundation] kuva ku [[imidugudu]] kugeza ku rwego rw'[[igihugu]], abagabo n'abagore, '''Maniraguha''' '''Carine''' aza mu basizi 10 ba mbere, ndetse aza kubarusha aba uwa mbere. Nta rindi riraba kugeza ubu. '''Carine Poet''' acyeka ko inganzo ye ayikomora ku mugore wa mbere ufatwa nk'uwatangije ubusizi buriho ubu mu [[Rwanda]] - Nyiraruganzu II Nyirarumaga (wabayeho 1500 - 1550) -, nubwo na nyina umubyara afite iyo mpano ariko ngo atigeze ageza mu ruhame. Yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu igihembo cy'umusizi wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]] ni njyewe ugifite."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60817781</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/89210/maniraguha-carine-yasohoye-umuvugo-yise-nsa-nkumusazi-yacyashyemo-urubyiruko-video-89210.html</ref> == Reba == juv6gxphfjea3ga107h0v9sk4c3n1g6 0 10440 83292 83232 2022-05-10T15:48:26Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uwera Sarah.jpg|thumb|Uwera Sarah Umunyarwandakazi ukina umukino wa Criket]] Uwera Sarah yavutse ku itariki 1 Kamena 1996 Ni Umunyarwandakazi ukinira ikipe y'Igihugu mu umukino wa kiriketi (criket). ikindi ni umuyobozi wa abakinnyi(captain) bakina hamwe nawe mu Ikipe y'igihugu ya kiriketi (criket) yo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sarah-uwera-1172640/bowling-batting-stats</ref> Uwera Sarah mu mwaka 2012 nibwo yatangiye gukina kiriketi (criket) akina mu ikipe y'igihugu cy'u[[Rwanda]] yabatarengeje imyaka 19.<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sarah_Uwera</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == Mu ukwezi 1 mu mwaka 2019 nibwo yamenyekanye cyane mu ikipe y'igihugu yu [[Rwanda]] bwambere [[Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I)]] m'umukino baribukine ni ikipe ya [[Nijeriya]] (Nigeria),Uwera yabafashije munsinzi ya [[Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I)]] m'umukino wari wabahuje ni ikipe ya [[Nijeriya]] (Nigeria) muri sitade y'igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] ihererye [[Abuja|Abuja.]]<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sarah_Uwera</ref> mu umwezi kwa Gicurasi 2019 Uwera yakomeje gukuza izina mu irushanwa ryiswe [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Africa]] ni amarushanwa yaberaga mugihugu cya [[Zimbabwe]],mu Ukwakira 2019 Uwera nibwo yiswe umuyobozi w'Abakinnyi (captain) kuba bari barabashije gukura ikirenge mumukino bakinnye na [[Nijeriya]].<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sarah_Uwera</ref>Muri Gicurasi 2021 Uwera Sarah yongeye nanone kwigaragaza nkumuyobozi w'Abakinnyi mu ikipe y'Igihugu mumarushanwa yiswe [[2021 Kwibuka Women's T20 Tournament]] yabereye mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sarah-uwera-1172640</ref> == Amashakiro == pj3opypdyt9pjqskqn0jiinislmmmw1 0 10441 83233 2022-05-10T06:46:50Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto Rwemarika Felicite]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> ushobora kuvuga ko ariwe mu nyarwandakazi wageze hejuru hashoboka muri siporo kandi Rwemarika ni umuryamuryango wa Komite Olempike mpuzamahanga (IOC member) kuva mu mwaka2018. == Ubuzima bwite == Rwemarika [[:en:Felicite_Rwemarika|yavutse]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicite_Rwemarika</ref> ku ya 9 Werurwe 1958 avukira mu Rwanda == Reba aha == 3jzi7powm7cubau5iqifig0ts9iqr5m 0 10442 83234 2022-05-10T07:02:23Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kubwimana Gertrude wabaye [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto umukinnyi w’Ikipe y’Igihugu]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> ya Volleyball, yize siporo mu gihe kuri ubu ari mu buyobozi bw’Ishyirahamwe Nyarwanda ry’umukino wa Volleyball. kandi yabaye [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-ruhango-vc-na-gs-st-aloys-ntibakitabiriye-imikino-yo-kwibuka umuyobozi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/volleyball-ruhango-vc-na-gs-st-aloys-ntibakitabiriye-imikino-yo-kwibuka</ref> ushinzwe [https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/91009/volleyball-u20-ikipe-yabakobwa-bu-rwanda-iratangira-imikino-yigikombe-cyisi-ihatana-nu-buy-91009.html tekinike]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/index.php/inkuru/91009/volleyball-u20-ikipe-yabakobwa-bu-rwanda-iratangira-imikino-yigikombe-cyisi-ihatana-nu-buy-91009.html</ref> mu ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa volleyball mu Rwanda (FRVB) akaba n'umunyamabanga. == Reba aha == 9af4plpo82gkrvyuqrpbb96u0bqpw8z 0 10443 83236 83235 2022-05-10T07:49:11Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somi''' (yavutse yitwa '''Laura Kabasomi Kakoma''' ku ya 6 Kamena 1981) ni umuririmbyi wahataniye Grammy award wavukiye muri [[Amerika]], umwanditsi w'indirimbo, umwanditsi w'amakinamico, akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/somi-new-album-special-tribute-miriam-makeba</ref> <ref>https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/21/inspired-by-makeba-singer-somi-hopes-latest-offering-lives-up-to-mama-africa</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Somi yavukiye i Champaign, muri Illinois, mu gihe se yari arangije amasomo ya dogiteri muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign . Igihe Somi yari afite imyaka itatu, umuryango we waje kwimukira i Ndola, muri [[Zambiya]], naho se yakoraga mu muryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105280151.html</ref> . Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, ubwo se yabaga umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Illinois, basubiye muri Champaign, aho Somi yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kaminuza ndetse na Champaign Central High School . Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza muri Anthropology na African Studies yakuye muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri kaminuza ya New York 's Tisch School of Arts in Performance Studies<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/my-grammy-nomination-was-milestone-celebrate-somi</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyihariye-kuri-somi-ufite-intumbero-yo-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi-mu-rwanda-video</ref>. == umwuga == Muri 2007, yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ''Red Soil in My Eyes'' muri label ya Harmonia Mundi / World Village label bakoranye amasezerano ye ya mbere yo kumufasha mu muziki. Iyi alubum yakunzwe cyane hamwe nindirimbo "Ingele" yabonye umwanya wa 10 kuri U.S. World Music Charts muri [[Amerika]] mumezi menshi<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/221951</ref>. Muri 2009, Somi yasinyanye na label yigenga ya ObliqSound . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032021/http://www.obliqsound.com/newsb/2009/03/11/obliqsound-signs-vocalist-somi</ref> yahise asohora ''If the Rains Come Firstt'' yasohotse ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2009, hanyuma igatangira kuri no. 2 kuri ''Billboard'' ' iba iya 21 kuri ' Heatseekers chart ''Billboard'' . Iyi alubumu igaragaramo umuhanga wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] Hugh Masekela, umujyanama wa Somi umaze igihe kinini. Muri Werurwe 2011, Somi yashyize alubumu ye ya mbere y'ibitaramo kuri Jazz Standard izwi cyane mu mujyi wa New York . Yasohotse kuri Palmetto Records muri Kanama 2011<ref>https://konnectafrica.net/laura-kabasomi-kakoma-somi/</ref>. Muri 2013, Somi yasinyanye amasezerano yambere ya label na Sony Music kugirango abe umwe mubahanzi ba mbere kuri jazz imprint Okeh Records . Album ye na label yambere yatangiriye ''The Lagos Music Salon'', igaragaramo abahanzi badasanzwe batsindiye Grammy award nka Angelique Kidjo na Common ndetse ikanagaragara kuri US Jazz Charts, yatewe inkunga n'amezi 18 yamaze i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/grammy-nominee-somi-joins-spotifys-equal/</ref>. Nyuma yo gushimwa cyane no kuba abafana bariyongereye cyane, ''The Huffington Post'' hamwe nibindi bitangazamakuru byise Somi " Nina Simone mushya". <ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-carpenter/somi_b_5592673.html</ref> Muri Werurwe 2017, yasohoye ''Petite Afrique'' nka alubumu ye ya kabiri kuri Okeh Records. Iyi alubumu yatsindiye igihembo cy’amashusho cya NAACP 2018 kubera indirimbo idasanzwe ya Jazz, ni alubum y’umuryango munini w’abimukira bo muri [[Afurika]] batuye i Harlem, Umujyi wa New York<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/rwandan-jazz-maestro-somi-nominated-for-grammy-awards/</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2020, Somi yasohoye 'Holy Room - Live kuri Alte Oper' Album ya Live, inagaragaramo Radio Big Band ya Frankfurt, yatorewe igihembo cya Grammy award 2021 cya Album nziza ya Jazz Vocal kandi yegukana igihembo cya 2021 NAACP Image Award nka Album ya Jazz Yamamaye, Vocal<ref>https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/lifestyle/somi-s-jazz-at-the-grammys-3221188</ref>. Ikinamico yambere ya Somi, ''Dreaming Zenzile'', n'umuziki ushingiye kubuzima bwa Miriam Makeba . Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri The Repertory Theatre ya St. Louis muri Nzeri 2021 nyuma yuko igice cya mbere gihagaritswe iminsi itanu mbere kwerekanwa muri Werurwe 2020 kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 . Nkumwanditsi n'umukinnyi, akoresha izina rye ryanyuma akagenda na Somi Kakoma<ref>https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/open-society-foundations-announce-2018-soros-equality-fellows</ref><ref>https://independent.ng/grammy-nominee-somi-to-join-spotifys-equal-music-program/</ref>.Kuri ubu Somi atuye mu mujyi wa New York<ref>https://en.igihe.com/entertainment/sony-music-international-signs-rwandan-singer</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda uba muri canada]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] 0m9zcssnplqsed3aral8grajilw5lmh 0 10444 83580 83238 2022-05-14T18:57:43Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uyu ni umwe mu bagore bacye mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] bize ubumenyi ishami ry'[[Umugenge|ubugenge]] (physics), ubu ari gukora PhD ku ikoreshwa ry'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu myigishirize y'[[Umugenge|ubugenge]], abwira [[Umwana|abana]] b'[[Umwana|abakobwa]] bakiri bato amahirwe bo ubu bafite yo kwiga amasomo y'ubumenyi, Yitwa '''Docteur Madame Nyirahabimana Pascasie'''. == UBUZIMA TWITE == '''Docteur MadameNyirahabimana Pascasie''',<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref> ni umunyarwanda kazi akaba ari [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w'[[Umwana|abana]] bane, uyu akaba ari [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|mwarimukazi]] wa [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza Nkuru yu Rwanda]] <ref>https://ce.ur.ac.rw/PROFILE-OF-MRS-PASCASIE-NYIRAHABIMANA</ref>mu ishami ry'[[Umugenge|ubugenge]] avuga ko nawe atatekerezaga ko aziga [[Umugenge|ubugenge]] cyangwa ngo agere aho ageze ubu. '''Madamu Nyirahabimana Pascasie''' yiga mu mashuri abanza umuntu wari aho wize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] menshi yari [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|mwarimu]], akumva ko yazaba [[Amashuri Makuru|mwarimu]] abaye abonye ayo mahirwe. yagize ati "Twebwe ntabwo twigaga dufite intumbero kuko no kwiga icyo gihe ntibyari byoroshye". [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Genocide mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Genocide mu Rwanda|abatutsi]] muri [[Genocide mu Rwanda|1994]] yabaye ageze mu mwaka wa kane w'ayisumbuye, ababyeyi be bombi baricwa asigarana inshingano yo kurera [[Umwana|barumuna]] be. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51850460</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref><ref>https://owsd.net/member/nyirahabimana-pascasie</ref> '''Docteur Madame Nyirahabimana Pascasie''' yahise ahagarika [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] yubaka urugo mu 1995, mu 1996 arabyara [[umwana]] ariko yumvikanye n'umugabo we ko agomba gusigarana [[umwana]] ankajya kwiga. umugabo we yaramushyigikiye ajya kwiga [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] ya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]],<ref>https://ce.ur.ac.rw/PROFILE-OF-MRS-PASCASIE-NYIRAHABIMANA</ref> kandi atanaretse inshingano yo kurera [[umwana]], imirimo ubusanzwe yombi itoroshye kuko isaba umwanya uhagije. Yagize Ati: "Ibyo rero byatumaga mvuga nti 'ngomba kwiga cyane nkazarangiza [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] bikamfasha guteza imbere [[ubuzima]] bwanjye n'ubw'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] wanjye'". <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51850460</ref><ref>http://154.68.126.6/astrospace/Pascasie.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref> == UBWO YIGAGA == '''Docteur Madame Nyirahabimana Pascasie''' nawe nkabandi [[abana]] b'[[Abana|abakobwa]] bose bigaga siyansi yabwiwe [[Amagambo ahinnye|amagambo]] yo kumuca intege, akayumva ariko ntayahe agaciro. yakomeje kubona ubusumbane ubwo hariho ishami ry'[[Amashuri Makuru|ayisumbuyei]] ryigisha kwita ku [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|muryango]], rizwi nka 'familiale', yari nk'umwihariko w'[[Abana|abakobwa]], [[Abana|abahungu]] bakaba aribo biga ibindi, nubwo nyuma byaje guhinduka [[Umwana|abana]] b'[[Umwana|abakobwa]] bakadenda biga andi mashami.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nyirahabimana-Pascasie</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref> '''Docteur madame nyirahabimana Pascasie'''<ref>https://owsd.net/member/nyirahabimana-pascasie</ref> ati "Ibibazo nahuye nabyo bikomeye ni imyumvire y'[[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] batandukanye, ntibumvaga uburyo [[umugore]] ajya kwiga ubumenyi [sciences] kandi ntibumva uko wabifatikanya n'izindi nshingano zirimo [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]]". Ariko yaragiye yaragiye yiga [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] [[Amashuri Makuru|yisumbuye]] arayarangiza, yiga na [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ayirangiza ari imbere y'abandi bose biganaga. Ati: "Twize turi [[Amashuri Makuru|abanyeshuri]] 15,<ref>https://ce.ur.ac.rw/PROFILE-OF-MRS-PASCASIE-NYIRAHABIMANA</ref> ninjye gusa wabonye amanota yo hejuru, rero wakwibaza uti ni gute [[Umuturirwa|umuntu]] ashobora kubona amanota yo hejuru mu bahungu ari [[Umwana|abakobwana]] cyangwa se ari [[Umugore|umudamu]]?"<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51850460</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nyirahabimana-Pascasie</ref><ref>http://154.68.126.6/astrospace/Pascasie.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref> == INAMA ATANGA == '''Docteur madame Nyirahabimana Pascasie''' agira [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|inama]] [[Umwana|abakobwa]] bakiri bato kwiremamo icyizere, kumenya ko bafite ubushobozi bungana n'ubw'abahungu ndetse ko ubu banafite amahirwe. Ati: "Njyewe nagendaga ntafite uwo ndeba, ariko bo baragenda batureba imbere, ubwoba bafite rero nibatwegere tubafashe kugira ngo ejo aho turi nituhava bazahajye".<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51850460</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nyirahabimana-Pascasie</ref><ref>http://154.68.126.6/astrospace/Pascasie.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-51858367</ref> == UNESCO == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Ishami]] ry'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango]] w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|abibumbye]] ryita ku [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], ubumenyi n'umuco, UNESCO, rivuga ko [[Uburezi bw'umugore|abagore]] bari mu bushakashatsi muri siyansi ku [[isi]] batagera kuri 30%. Iri [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|shami]] rivuga kandi ko [[Uburezi bw'umugore|abagore]] bari munsi ya [[Uburezi bw'umugore|30%]] ari bo bagera muri za [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]]<ref>https://ce.ur.ac.rw/PROFILE-OF-MRS-PASCASIE-NYIRAHABIMANA</ref> mu masomo ya Siyansi, Ikorabuhanga, [https://www.ed.gov/stem injeniyeri] <ref>https://www.ed.gov/stem</ref>n'[https://www.ed.gov/stem Imibare] <ref>https://www.ed.gov/stem</ref>azwi nka [https://www.ed.gov/stem STEM].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51850460</ref><ref>https://www.ed.gov/stem</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] klu9qwjn65uyizdjzq854hu97f82yyz 0 10445 83242 2022-05-10T09:47:58Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 Rosine Igirimpuhwe moved page [[Nubuhoro jeanne]] to [[Nubuhoro Jeanne]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nubuhoro Jeanne]] s3zsljgehl4c5l67rpcoi72g7r2ekl9 0 10446 83616 83247 2022-05-16T17:29:31Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Grolia Mukamabano]] to [[Gloria Mukamabano]] wikitext text/x-wiki Gloria Mukamabano,ni Umunyarwandakazi, Ukora akazi kitangaza makuru kuri wa RBA<ref>[https://www.rba.co.rw/]</ref>. == Umwuga == Grolia ni umunyamakuru uzwi cyane mu ishami ry’amakuru kuri Televiziyo Rwanda៌. Gloria kandi n'umuhanzikazi ubarizwa mu itsinda ra Bright Girls abarizwamo we na mugenzi we Iradukunda Consolee, Grolia yamenyekanye cyane ubwo yafashaga abahanzi b’abaraperi cyane cyane abo muri Tuff Gangs mu nyikirizo y’indirimbo zabo by’umwihariko mu ndirimbo “Ubuto bwanjye”ya Fireman.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/mu-mezi-umunani-gusa-amaze-kugaragara-mu-ndirimo-10-z-abahanzi-batandukanye</ref> == Amashuri == Grolia mukamabano yarangije amashuri yicikiro cy'akabiri mubijyanye nitangaza makuru muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda. 794gxex6l14zh2srhi9f7en120ao5kc 0 10447 83319 83260 2022-05-11T09:28:46Z Puerta25 10599 /* Ubuzima Bwite */ links and faults wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugenie Musayidire,''' yavutse Ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1952 , mu [[Rwanda]],N'umunyarwandakazi uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu uba mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Eugenie-Musayidire/s?rh=n%3A266239%2Cp_27%3AEugenie+Musayidire</ref> . Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cya Nuremberg mu burenganzira bwa muntu mu 2007. == Ubuzima Bwite == Eugénie Musayidire ni [[Abatutsi|Umwe mubatutsi]] bake mu Rwanda. Yahunze mu 1973, igihe yaburiwe ko yenda gufatwa. Yabanje guhungira mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], akomeza amasomo ye muri kaminuza y’Uburundi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imibereho . Mu 1977, yasabye ubuhungiro muri politiki mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/musayidire_e.html</nowiki></ref>, kandi yitoza kuba umufasha wa farumasi . Yareze Umuryango atura i Siegburg, aho yakoraga mw'Itorero ry'Abaluteriyani <ref name="N">Présentation de la lauréate du prix des droits de l'homme de la ville de Nuremberg Eugénie Musayidire, sur www.nuernberg.de </ref> Yaje gukora i Bonn. Yize ko umuryango we wishwe mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .<ref><nowiki>http://www.kigalimemorialcentre.org/survivors/eugenie.html</nowiki></ref> : abura nyina, murumuna we na bene wabo benshi kandi baziranye. Inshuti yamuzaniye ibuye, vestige yonyine murugo rw'umuryango we. Yasobanuye ibisobanuro by'aya makuba yandika igitabo cyitwa ''Ma pierre qui parle'', mu 1999 <ref name="Buch">[http://www.imbuto.net/uploads/buchbesprechungen/07_mein_stein_spricht.pdf Critique de livre] sur imbuto.net consulté le 18. </ref> . Eugénie Musayidire yiyemeje mu buryo bw'intangarugero mu bwiyunge hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu 2001, yasuye igihugu akomokamo, ku nshuro ya mbere kuva yava mu buhungiro. Muri uwo mwaka, yashinze mu Budage ishyirahamwe " Hoffnung In Ruanda e. v. »(« Ibyiringiro mu Rwanda "). Abikesheje inkunga y'Itorero ry'Abaporotesitanti b'Abadage , yashinze, mu 2003, i Nyanza, Ikigo gishinzwe kuvura urubyiruko, ''IZERE'' , aho abana ndetse n'urubyiruko bahura n'ingaruka za Genocide bitaweho. Muri uku kuguma mu Rwanda mu 2001, yashoboye guhura n'umwicanyi wo mu muryango we, wahoze aturanye. Iyi nama nicyifuzo cyo kwiyunga byatumye havuka firime, ''Mama wa Assassin'' . Iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Adolf-Grimme . Kuwa 30 Nzeri 2007 , Eugénie Musayidire ahabwa igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Nuremberg, gitangwa na Doudou Diène wahoze ari umunyamabanga [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku bibazo by’ivanguramoko, ivangura rishingiye ku moko, abanyamahanga no kutoroherana <ref>[https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte/preisverleihung_2007.html] Cérémonie de remise des prix 2007 des droits de l'homme de la Ville de [[Nuremberg]], sur www.nuernberg.de.</ref> . Muri Gicurasi 2015, documentaire yitwa ''Mein Stein spricht'' ( ''Ibuye ryanjye rivuga : inzira ndende yo kwiyunga mu Rwanda'' ), ku nkuru ya Eugénie Musayidire ivugwa kuri televiziyo ARD-alpha <ref>[https://programm.ard.de/TV/Themenschwerpunkte/Dokus--Reportagen/Alle-Dokumentationen/Startseite/?sendung=2848714585036103 Documentaire ''Ma Pierre parle''], ARD-alpha.</ref> == Ibirambuye == b7aq4nana7io9a8t3zrs3yd790pej5t 0 10448 83262 2022-05-10T12:56:16Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwimana Jeannette''' wa tunguranye mu bataniraga ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> wu [[Rwanda]] 2022<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref>, ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga ni umwe mu [[Umwana|abakobwa]] batunguranye aho yaje no kwegukana [[Ikambere (ikinyamakuru)|ikamba]] ry’uwahize abandi kugira umushinga urimo agashya ‘Miss Innovation<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115752/uwimana-jeannette-wegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-innovation-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-yakorewe-ibir-115752.html</ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtICTAOQqeg]. == UBUZIMA == '''Uwimana Jeannette''' [ yavutse mu 1996] ni umunyarwandakazi umenyekanye cyane vuba aha, [[Umugore|nyina]] yitwa '''Mukabutera Colette'''<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115752/uwimana-jeannette-wegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-innovation-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-yakorewe-ibir-115752.html</ref>, yavuzeko [[umwana]] we yavutse atavuga atavuga kandi atumva.Ni [[imfura]]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ni-umunyarugwiro-amabyiruka-ya-miss-jeanette-uwimana-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva</ref> mu muryango avukamo, [[Umugore|mama]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115752/uwimana-jeannette-wegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-innovation-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-yakorewe-ibir-115752.html</ref> yibuka ko yabonye icyo kibazo mfite [[amezi]] abiri. yajyanywe ku [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|bitaro]] bitandukanye nyuma banzura ko ntumva kandi ntavuga. uyu [[Umwana|umukobwa]] w'i [[Imyaka|myaka]] 26, niwe [[Umwana|umukobwa]] wa mbere ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva no kutavuga wateye intambwe yo kwinjira mu irushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60471687</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/28/in-rwanda-26-year-old-jeanette-uwimana-defying-the-odds/</ref> == AMASHURI YIZE == '''Uwimana jeannette''' Yize [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] yisumbuye mu [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ikigo]] gifasha abafite ubumuga cya [http://www.gatagara.org/ HVP-Gatagara]<ref>http://www.gatagara.org/</ref> kandi arateganya gukomeza [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]], '''Uwimana''' ingorane nyamukuru y'abameze nkawe ari ukumvikana n'abandi kuko [[Ururimi (umubiri)|ururim]]<nowiki/>i rwabo ari amarenga kandi atazwi na benshi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60471687</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/28/in-rwanda-26-year-old-jeanette-uwimana-defying-the-odds/</ref> == INTEGO == '''Uwimana Jeannette''' niwe [[Umwana|mukobwa]] wenyine mu [[abana]] barindwi bavukana, iwabo ni mu [[akarere ka Nyanza]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y'Amajyepfo]], avuga ko "nakuranye intego yo gukora cyane nkazaba [[umugore]] ushoboye, ntitaye ku bumuga bwanjye."Ati: "Nciye muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref><ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref> , ndashaka guharanira uburenganzira bungana kuri bose no guteza imbere [[Urubyiruko mu kwihangira imirimo mu Rwanda|urubyiruko]] rufite ubumuga. Ikirenzeho, ibyo abahatana basabwa byose; ubwiza, ubwenge n'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]], nakubwira ntashidikanya ko byose mbyujuje." '''Mukabutera'''<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ni-umunyarugwiro-amabyiruka-ya-miss-jeanette-uwimana-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva</ref> umusemurira mu [[ururimi]] rya amarenga yagize ati: "Yajyaga ku [[ishuri]] ugasanga [[abana]] bigana badafite ibikoresho arabaha ibye, ubundi [[Umwana|abana]] badafite amaguru agakunda kubaterura no kubakarabya. "Ikindi akagira urugwiro rwinshi, nubwo atavuga, aho ari nta rungu riharangwa…naho ubundi kuva cyera akiri [[umwana]] yakundaga ibijyanye na fashion no kuba [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]]<ref>https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/28/in-rwanda-26-year-old-jeanette-uwimana-defying-the-odds/</ref> [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]]."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60471687</ref><ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> === MISS RWANDA === '''Uwimana Jeannette''' kuva kera yifuzaga kuba [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/28/in-rwanda-26-year-old-jeanette-uwimana-defying-the-odds/</ref> [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref>, Nyuma yo gutera intambwe ya mbere akinjira muri iri rushanwa rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> [[Miss Jojo|Miss]] [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref>, '''Uwimana Jeannette''' avuga ko ubu [[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] benshi bamushyigikiye, harimo abo mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|muryango]] we, inshuti ze, n'[[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] b'iwabo ku ivuko. '''Uwimana Jeannette''' avuga ko naba [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref> muri [[Miss Jojo|Miss]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref>2022 azaharanira gusaba ko itegeko rirengera abamugaye rishyirwa mu bikorwa maze abafite ubumuga nk'ubwe bakabona ubwisanzure ahatangirwa serivisi, ku ma[[Ishuri|mashuri]], mu ma [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|banki]], mu [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|ibitaro]], n'ahandi….Ati: " Nzakomeza gukora ubukangurambaga kuri ibi ibibazo n'ingorane abafite ubumuga bahura nazo buri munsi."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60471687</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/amateka-n-ubuzima-bwa-jeannette-ufite-ubumuga-uri-mu-bakobwa-bari-gushaka</ref>Uretse gufashwa gushyira mu ngiro umushinga we, umukobwa wegukanye igihembo cy’ufite uhiga iyindi agenerwa umushahara w’ibihumbi 500 amafaranga yu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/article/ni-umunyarugwiro-amabyiruka-ya-miss-jeanette-uwimana-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva</ref> ku [[ukwezi]], ahabwa na [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki]] ya [[Kigali]].<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/uwimana-jeannette-wari-mubahatanira-ikamba-rya-miss-rwanda-ufite-ubumuga-bwo-kutumva-no-kutavuga-yagenewe-umushahara-wihumbi-500-afite-umushinga-wo-korora-ingurube-akazubakamo-hotel/</ref><ref>https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/28/in-rwanda-26-year-old-jeanette-uwimana-defying-the-odds/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115752/uwimana-jeannette-wegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-innovation-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-yakorewe-ibir-115752.html</ref> == Reba == 71f407wwxtnh01aiaucz1c2xz9zmoi8 0 10449 83279 2022-05-10T14:49:53Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Gutera amashyamba]] to [[Gutera Amashyamba]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gutera Amashyamba]] esvakcrkol7q7t32146q9oz8208hlok 0 10450 83282 2022-05-10T15:05:27Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Uwera dalila]] to [[Uwera Dalila]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uwera Dalila]] tccwp0mrkddv1s2hcu5n4dzjw2u75w3 0 10451 83576 83476 2022-05-14T18:43:11Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == AMAVU N'AMAVUKO == [[Dosiye:UWINEZA CLARISSE RBA.png|thumb|Clarisse Uwineza]] '''Clarisse Uwineza''' n'umunyarwandakazi,umuvugabutumwa akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] wabana babiri, uyu mugore kandi numunyamakuru ukorera [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ikigo]] cy'igihugu cyitangaza makuru (RBA) ukunzwe nabatari bake hano murwanda<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/yarwaye-covid-19-inshuro-ebyiri-na-kanseri-ibyo-utamenye-ku-buzima-bwa-uwineza</ref> . == Umwuga == == Uwineza amaze imyaka irenga 17 yinjiye Umumwuga witangazamakuru akaba yaranaryize muri kaminuza y'ishuri gatolika rya kabgayi (ICK).Yatangiriye akazi kuri Radio Maria Rwanda yahamaze imyaka irindwi ahavuye ajya gukorera kuri Radio salus iherereye mucyahoze ari Butare naho yahamaze imyaka ibiriri ahavuye nibwo yaje gukorera Radio Rwanda kuva (2010)<ref>https://nkundagospel.rw/2022/02/23/byinshi-kuri-clarisse-uwineza-umunyamakuru-akaba-numukristu/</ref> kugera ubungubu Clarisse yumvikana mubiganiro bitandukanye birimo "kazi ni kazi,Amahumbezina ntarungu" ntarungu nikiganiro gikunzwe na benshii aho yibanda kukwigisha k'urukundo ndetse no gususurutsa abantu mumasaha y'ijoro. == == IBYUTAMENYE. == <ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/86999/umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-wa-rba-yavuze-ibihe-bikomeye-yanyuzemo-muri-2018-birimo-no-g-86999.html</nowiki></ref>Clarisse Uwineza uzwi nka"Clara" Uzwi mubiganiro byurukundo mumasaha yijoro kuri Radiyo Rwanda Avuga ko taliki 23 Ukwakira atazayibagirwa mubuzima bwe, kuko iyo Taliki aribwo yibweho Umwana we winfura. gusa Uwo mwana yaje kumubona nyuma y'umwaka nigice ahamagawe numuntu uba hanze Y'Igihugu<ref><nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71682/ubuhamya-bw-umunyamakuru-clarisse-uwineza-bw-uko-yibwe-umwan-71682.html</nowiki></ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == Mumwaka 2020 nibwo uyumugore yatangiye gukina film aho yagaragaye muri film y'uruhererekane yitwa Indoto na city maid bica kuri Televison [[Rwanda]] ,iyimampano yogukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|film]] ayifatanya nitangazamakuru ndetse nivugabutumwa, aho afite ubuhamya bwuko yarwaye cancer y'inkondo yumura ndetse anarwaye COVID-19 ubugira kabiri hamwe nabana be babiri. == ISHAKIRO == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 3mlc6yszu2kaokrsqhpvf46jqahiesl 0 10452 83294 2022-05-10T15:50:11Z Bahati123 10893 Bahati123 moved page [[Evelyne umurerwa]] to [[Evelyne Umurerwa]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Evelyne Umurerwa]] s96xm744fdpwu5h9qp3ckmzx1uriock 0 10453 83296 2022-05-10T15:53:13Z Bahati123 10893 Bahati123 moved page [[OLIVE IZERIMANA]] to [[Olive Izerimana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Olive Izerimana]] ajw8tsrza239d2fpssvqkdv6ztnmp51 0 10454 83300 83299 2022-05-10T16:49:15Z Puerta25 10599 Deleting wikitext text/x-wiki Edith Umulisa Umunyarwandakazi Akaba numukinnyi Wu mupira wamaguru wakiniye ikipe yigihugu y'uRwanda Amavubi, Ubu akaba ahagarariye umupira wabagore Mwishyirahamwe ry'Umupira wamaguru m'uRwanda (FERWAFA). == Amavuka ya Edith Umulisa. == Umulisa wavutse Kuwa 4 Ugushyingo. == Amakipe yakiniye. == Yakiniye As Kigali Yabagore<ref><nowiki>https://www.wikifame.org/wiki/Edith-Umulisa</nowiki></ref> 2019,Yakiniye Scandinavia Yabagore<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/women-football-scandinavia-coach-vows-win-league-title</ref> 2018,Yakiniye Amavubi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/she-amavubi-enter-residential-camp-ahead-cecafa-cup</ref> == Imikino nikipe Y'Igihugu. == Umulisa 16 Mutarama 2014 Yakinnye imikino wambere Wa African women championship qualification first round , nikipe Y'Igihugu Yabagore Wabereye Wabahuje na Kenya kuri stade Regionale Inyamirambo Aho batsinze Rwanda 1-0 Kenya Igitego cyatsinzwe kumunota 29min na Alice Niyoyita. Umukino wokwishura Wabereye muri Kenya kuri stade ya Kenyatta stadium, mumujyi wa Machakos ,Aho batsinzwe na Kenya 2-1Rwanda bavamo kugiteranyo (2-2). 13Gicurasi 2014 Ikipe Yigihugu y'uRwanda Amavubi Yabagore Yakinnye nikipe Ya Zambia Aho Batsinzwe Zambia 3-0 Rwanda. 24 Gicurasi 2014 Ikipe Yigihugu y'uRwanda Amavubi Yabagore Yakinnye nikipe Ya Nigeria 4-1 Rwanda, Igitego cyatsinzwe na Clementine Mukamana kumunota wa 53. Kuwa 7 Kamena 2014 Ikipe Yigihugu y'uRwanda Amavubi Yabagore yagiye gukina ukino wokwishyura muri Nigeria Aho uRwanda rwatsinzwe ibitego Rwanda 0- 8 Nigeria, Ruvamo kugiteranyo kibitego 12-1. == Ibirambuye. <ref><nowiki>https://peoplepill.com/people/edith-umulisa</nowiki></ref> == o9aihrpmamv5u42fug35jp6u7knach6 0 10455 83304 83303 2022-05-10T19:17:03Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Clémentine Dusabejambo''' (wavutse 1987) ni umukinnyi wa firime wo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/marie-clementine-dusabejambo/</ref>. == Ubuzima == Dusabejambo yavukiye i [[Kigali]] muri 1987, <ref name="Kagire">Linda M. Kagire, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/fespaco-nyirasafari-highlights FESPACO recap: Nyirasafari highlights government efforts to boost film industry], ''The New Times'', March 1, 2019.</ref> umwuga we ni ukuba enjeniyeri w'amashanyarazi n'itumanaho. <ref name="Dia">Thierno I. Dia, [http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=32417 Dusabejambo Clémentine], africine.org, May 7, 2019.</ref> == Ibigwi == Filime ngufi ya ''Dusabejambo , Lyiza'' yatsindiye igihembo cya bronze cya Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage mu 2012. <ref name="Kagire">Linda M. Kagire, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/fespaco-nyirasafari-highlights FESPACO recap: Nyirasafari highlights government efforts to boost film industry], ''The New Times'', March 1, 2019.</ref> Filime ye ngufi ''A Place for Myself'' (2016) yavuze amateka y'umukobwa ukiri muto ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] urwaye albinism, uhanganye n’ivangura n’agasuzuguro yakorewe mu ishuri ribanza. <ref name="Toronto">Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207804 Rwandan film selected for Toronto Black Film Festival], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', February 8, 2017.</ref> Dusabejambo yashimishijwe niyi ngingo nyuma yo kumva amakuru y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe abantu barwaye alibinism muri [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref>Stephanie Jason, [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-24-00-the-rise-of-rwandas-women-filmmakers The rise of Rwanda’s women filmmakers], ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'', March 24, 2017.</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Goethe Institut i [[Kigali]], <ref name="OnScooping">Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208808 Dusabejambo on scooping Thomas Sankara Prize at FESPACO], ''The New Times'', March 12, 2017.</ref> kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ryabirabura rya Toronto 2017. <ref name="Toronto" /> Yabonye ibihembo bitatu, harimo igihembo cya Ousmane Sembene, mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Zanzibar (ZIFF), <ref name="OnScooping" /> kandi yegukanye igihembo cya bronze cya Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Carthage mu 2016. <ref name="Kagire" /> Yatowe kandi muri Filime Nziza mu bihembo bya [[Afurika]] bya Filime 2017, <ref name="Iribagazia">Glory Iribagazia, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-film-nominated-eight-amaa-awards Rwandan film nominated for eight AMAA awards], ''The New Times'', September 21, 2019.</ref> kandi yegukanye igihembo cya Thomas Sankara muri FESPACO 2017. <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208671 Rwandan film scoops two prestigious awards at FESPACO], ''The New Times'', March 8, 2017.</ref> <ref name="OnScooping" /> ''Icyasha'' (2018) yibanze kumuhungu wimyaka 12, wifuzaga kwinjira mumakipe y'umupira w'amaguru ariko akaba atotezwa kubera effeminate. <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/rwandan-movies-nominated-ziff-2018-awards Rwandan movies nominated for ZIFF 2018 awards], ''The New Times'', July 10, 2018.</ref> Yatowe muri Filime Nziza muri ZIFF 2018, <ref name="Iribagazia">Glory Iribagazia, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-film-nominated-eight-amaa-awards Rwandan film nominated for eight AMAA awards], ''The New Times'', September 21, 2019.</ref> mu cyiciro cya firime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage, <ref>Moses Opobo, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/three-rwandan-films-competition-carthage-film-festival Three Rwandan films in competition at Carthage Film Festival], ''The New Times'', November 6, 2018.</ref> no muri Filime ngufi nziza muri [[Afurika]] muri Movie Academy Awards 2019. <ref name="Iribagazia" /> Yatsindiye igihembo cya Zébu muri Filime ngufi ya Panafrican muri Rencontres du Film Court Madagascar 2019. <ref name="Dia">Thierno I. Dia, [http://www.africine.org/?menu=fiche&no=32417 Dusabejambo Clémentine], africine.org, May 7, 2019.</ref> == Filime == ** ''Lyiza'', 2011 ** ''Behind the Word'', 2013 ** ''A Place for Myself'', 2016 ** ''Icyasha'' / ''Etiquette'', 2018 == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] e8ieqhznv9bce3p4d12cqh6bhwiiayq 0 10456 83307 2022-05-10T20:35:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''', ni umwe mu [[Umugore|mubagore]] b'abanyarwanda b'indashyikirwa akaba ari umwe mu bahanga mu myuga w'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] mu [[Rwanda]]. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Docteur Didacienne Mukanyirigira''' ni umwarimu muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] <ref>[[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]]</ref> yu [[Rwanda]] mu ishami ry[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhaga]],<ref>https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> akaba n'umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'[[Kabiri|akabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|mukigo]] [[Afurika|nyafurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora hagati y' ibintu, uyu [[umugore]] akaba n'[[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w[[abana]] 3, yagiye akora amasomo itandukanye muri urwo rwego ubu akaba afite impamyabushobozi y'icyirenga [<nowiki/>[[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PHD]]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu [[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]]<ref>https://igihe.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/</ref> n'itumanaho ariko mbere yibyo byose akaba atigeze arota kuzagera kuri urwo rwego .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/51742739</ref> == AMASOMO YIZE == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' kuri ubu ni umuyobozi w’amasomo mu [[Ishuri]] rya [https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ICT-information-and-communications-technology-or-technologies ICT] akaba n’umuyobozi w'icyiciro cy'a[[kabiri]] [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|m'ikigo]] ny[[afurika]] gishizwe interinete ikora ku bintu ([https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/ ACEIoT])<ref>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/37088880573</ref> muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|nkuru]] yu [[Rwanda]].Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya BSc<ref>https://www.bcs.org/</ref> muri [[:en:Category:Electromechanical_engineering|Electromechanical Engineering]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electromechanical_engineering</ref> yakuye mu [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|Ikoranabuhanga]] rya [[Kigali]] ([https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/ KIST])<ref>https://council.science/member/rwanda-kigali-institute-of-science-and-technology-kist-rwanda/</ref>, ubu ni [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|ya]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Ishuri]] Rikuru ry'ubumenyi n'[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://cst.ur.ac.rw/ UR-CST]<ref>https://cst.ur.ac.rw/</ref>).Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya [[kabiri]] cya siyansi mu bijyanye n'amakuru n'itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya Huazhong y’ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([http://english.hust.edu.cn/ HUST]<ref>http://english.hust.edu.cn/</ref>), mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], na PhD<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy</ref> mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi, [[Ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi n’ubworozi|ubushakashatsi]] bw’itumanaho yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] ya [https://www.uct.ac.za/ Cape Town], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. '''Docteru Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Inyungu zubushakashatsi bwe ni ugukoresha interineti y'ibintu kugirango ibone ibisubizo by'[[igihugu]] mubibazo bitandukanye, harimo ubwikorezi, [[ubuhinzi]], [[ubuzima]].<ref>https://digitalaroundtheworld.org/speakers/didacienne-mukanyiligira/</ref> == IMIRIMO AKORA == '''Docteur Mukanyirigira Didacienne''' Kugeza ubu ni Umusesenguzi Mukuru muri [[Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya SIDA|Komisiyo]] y’[[igihugu]] ishinzwe ubumenyi n’[[IKORANABUHANGA (ubusobanuro)|ikoranabuhanga]] ([https://www.ncst.gov.rw/ NCST]<ref>https://www.ncst.gov.rw/</ref>), u [[Rwanda]] akaba na Perezida w’Inama y'ubutegetsi muri [[Rwanda]] Energy Group Limited.<ref>https://www.reg.rw/about-us/board-of-directors/</ref><ref>https://aceiot.ur.ac.rw/?Dr-MUKANYIRIGIRA-Didacienne</ref> == Reba == t5m0lvg0qmws9phjb2arkb0ltfrycs2 0 10457 83309 2022-05-11T00:45:37Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto Mukazibea Agnes]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> yabaye umudepite, yakiniye ni ikipe y'igihugu ya Volleyball kandi ni umwe mu bagore bafite ijambo muri siporo y'u Rwanda. ubu asanzwe ari Visi Perezida wa mbere w'ishyirahamwe nyarwanda ry'umukino w'amagare. == Reba aha == t9wfqwvfz6kjo2c0ebt33a4tsb7pzzb 0 10458 83310 2022-05-11T01:03:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamahoro [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto Akinira ikipe y'igihugu]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> ya Cricket yanditse amateka atarakorwa n'undi muntu mu cyiciro cy'abari n'abategarugori yo kumara amasaha 26 aterwa udupira (Batting) ataruhutse,byatumye ahita [https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/uwamahoro-cathia-yaciye-agahigo-ku-isi-mu-mukino-wa-cricket?fbclid=IwAR1d0jxkIB-S9KN4xNDJUwxz9FerL0OmEHaH2gZZRuvCtLE1hIGpvzyGCck ashyirwa mu gitabo]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/uwamahoro-cathia-yaciye-agahigo-ku-isi-mu-mukino-wa-cricket?fbclid=IwAR1d0jxkIB-S9KN4xNDJUwxz9FerL0OmEHaH2gZZRuvCtLE1hIGpvzyGCck</ref> cy'abakoze ibintu bidasazwe kw'isi,'Guinness de Records'. == Reba aha == eolwaj4lbicmznwgpr0vnethcsgnxk7 0 10459 83311 2022-05-11T01:18:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Musabyimana Penelope akina Beach volleyball afatanyije na mugenzi we Munezero Valentine, ni bo banyarwandakazi ba mbere begukanye [https://www.eachamps.rw/article/6431/Munezero-Valentine-na-Musabyimana-Penelope-barerekeza-muri-Argentine umudali]<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/6431/Munezero-Valentine-na-Musabyimana-Penelope-barerekeza-muri-Argentine</ref> [w'umulinga] wo ku rwego rw'isi nk'ikipe ubwo bari [https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto bitabiriye imikino]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/article/bamwe-mu-banyarwandakazi-bamamaye-kubera-siporo-amafoto</ref> ya Commonwealth y'urubyuriko yabereye i Bahamas muri 2017. == Reba Aha == 9x15rcnlpex8yzkkmsux9w08na07xzf 0 10460 83312 2022-05-11T01:40:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mimi Mirage ni Umunyarwandakazi w[https://rushyashya.net/umunyarwandakazi-wumunyamideli-mimi-mirage-yatsinze-bagenzi-be-bahuriye-mubirori-byo-kwerekana-imideri-mu-buhollande-bamutwara-mu-modoaka-idasanzwe/ 'umunyamideli]<ref>https://rushyashya.net/umunyarwandakazi-wumunyamideli-mimi-mirage-yatsinze-bagenzi-be-bahuriye-mubirori-byo-kwerekana-imideri-mu-buhollande-bamutwara-mu-modoaka-idasanzwe/</ref> ubarizwa ku mu gabane w'uburayi mu bubiligi uyu mukobwa arakataje no kwiyerekana ariko amanika ibendera ry'u Rwanda mu bihugu byo hanze.Nk'umunyamideli wabigize umwuga, Mirage [https://ibicu.com/mimi-mirage-yishimiye-ko-atwite/ yakoranye n'ibyamamare]<ref>https://ibicu.com/mimi-mirage-yishimiye-ko-atwite/</ref> birimo Beyonce, Davido, Nelly n'abandi. == Reba aha == p7nthjjpvybw8pf42q8ecfvbsh5n1n0 0 10461 83313 2022-05-11T01:48:45Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Agahozo Alphonsine ni umwe mu bakobwa bitabiriye [https://igihe.com/imikino/tokyo-2020/article/agahozo-yasezerewe-mu-mikino-olempike-nubwo-yabaye-uwa-mbere-mu-isibo-yo-koga imikino Olempike]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/tokyo-2020/article/agahozo-yasezerewe-mu-mikino-olempike-nubwo-yabaye-uwa-mbere-mu-isibo-yo-koga</ref> ya Londres mu 2012 na Tokyo mu 2020 mu Koga. == Reba aha == l2kfvz44ne7zhe98xfhyvn9m4pr33py 0 10462 83315 83314 2022-05-11T05:34:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valerie Piraino''' n'umunyabugeni [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]] umenyerewe cyane mu gushushanya no gutaka ibishushanyo. <ref name=":0">http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse muri 1981 i [[Kigali|Kigali, mu Rwanda]] <ref>https://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/</ref> akurira haba mu gihugu cye ndetse no muri Amerika. Ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza indangamuntu y’amahanga kandi bukubiyemo insanganyamatsiko nko gusobanura ibintu byinshi biranga muri rusange, kurwanya ubukoloni (cyangwa kurwanya imperialism), diaspora ny'afurika. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">https://hudsonvalleyone.com/2017/05/28/two-kingston-artists-featured-in-dubai-exhibit/</ref> <ref name=":2">https://artswestchester.org/she-deconstructing-female-identity/she_exhibition_brochure/</ref> Yahawe ibihembo birenga icumi bimwemerera imikoranire, kandi yagiye agaragara mu imurikagurisha rirenga mirongo itatu muri leta umunani za [[Amerika]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitatu.<ref>https://artfacts.net/artist/valerie-piraino/247415</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Nyina wa Valerie, yari umuhanga mu kudoda mu [[Rwanda]], yahuye na se [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]], igihe yakoraga mu bikorwa byo gutabara no kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwana bwe akiri muto yagiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], no mu bindi bihugu bitatu byo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://art.state.gov/valerie-piraino/</ref>, Valerie, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, bimukiye muri Arizona. Nyuma, umuryango we wimukiye i Baltimore, MD, aho yize muri kaminuza ya Maryland Institute of Art . Igihe Valerie yigaga i Baltimore, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]], aho benshi mu ruhande rwa nyina bari biciwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-05-18-0405180135-story.html</ref>. Uru rugendo rwashishikarije umurimo we nk'umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu, harimo n'umushinga we. Mu 2005, Valerie yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, ari naho yatangiriye MFA mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Columbia . Yarangije muri MFA ye mu 2009 yahise yihutira guhanga umurimo we, kuri ubu akora nk'umwarimu w'igihe gito mu ishuri rya Parsons of Design<ref>https://www.joanmitchellfoundation.org/valerie-piraino</ref>. == Ibikorwa bigaragara n'imurikagurisha == Ikigaragara ni uko umurimo we uzwi cyane, ni urukurikirane rw'ibishusho bigizwe namapapayi yakoze ashushanyije ibice bya polystirene, hanyuma bigahisha imiterere y'ibumba ryirabura rya epoxy, irangi, resin, ibiti, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akoresha irangi rya zahabu kugirango anogereze igishushanyo. Mu kuganira ku kamaro k’amabara, umukara na zahabu, Valerie avuga ko umukara na zahabu byibutsa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’ibidukikije byabereye muri [[Afurika]] kubera ubukoloni. Amabara n'imiterere nabyo byerekana uruhu rw'abaturage bava muri [[Afurika]] bakoreshejwe mu mutungo kamere wabo. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>https://gulfnews.com/culture/arts/in-a-constant-state-of-flux-1.2053611</ref> Amapapayi ni imbuto zatoranijwe kugirango zihagararire imyumvire yo kurwanya ubukoloni kubwimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi. Iya mbere, Amapapayi yari ifunguro rya mugitondo mugihe yari umukobwa muto akiri muri [[Afurika]]. Icya kabiri, amapapayi, akomoka muri Karayibe, bagereranya nk'ubukoloni kuko "bakurikiza inzira y'ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni ". <ref name=":1" /> Mu imurikagurisha ryarangiye muri Mutarama, 2017 ryiswe ''Dis Place'' mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bwa Diasporan , amapapayi yasaga nkaho yakomeretse, byerekana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bo muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://hyperallergic.com/260681/artists-of-the-african-diaspora-cast-off-the-legacy-of-displacement/</ref> Mu gihe amapapayi ari bimwe mu bikorwa bya Valerie bizwi cyane, yakoze ibindi bishushanyo byinshi kandi yagiye mu imurikagurisha mu gihugu hose, ndetse anagaragara mu imurikagurisha mu bindi bihugu ku isi<ref>https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/valerie-piraino/</ref>. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imurikagurisha rya Valerie Piraino !Year !Exhibition Title !Institution/Gallery !Location |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Collective Show |Participant Inc. |New York City, NY |- |Usable Pasts |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Fidelity |Meyerhoff Gallery, Maryland Institute College of Art |Baltimore, MD |- |The Third Party |Night Gallery |Los Angeles, CA |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |The Bearden Project |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Get it on the Record |Visceglia Gallery, Caldwell College |Caldwell, NJ |- |Fore |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |Present Future |Artissima |Turin, Italy |- |Reconstruction |Crosstown Arts |Memphis, TN |- |Photoplay |Cindy Rucker Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Body Language |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Round 39: Looking Back, Moving Forward |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |"The House Seems All Upset" Contemporary Art Interventions on Critical Whiteness |Jade Addams Hull House Museum |Chicago, IL |- |Retreat |Valerie Carberry Gallery |Chicago, IL |- |The Bearden Project |Texas State University |San Marcos, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |After Afropolitan |Weeksville Heritage Center |Brooklyn, NY |- |Africa's Out |Gladstone Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Mirror Mirror |Kate Werble Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Displace |MOCADA |Brooklyn, NY |- | rowspan="9" |2016 |SHE: Deconstructing Female Identity |ArtsWestchester |White Plains, NY |- |Collector's Club |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- |CAMSTL Gala |Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis |St, Louis, MO |- |Palatable |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Event Horizon |Lesley Heller Workspace |New York City, NY |- |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |Everyday Redefined |Corridor Gallery |Brooklyn, NY |- |Whatever moves between us also moves the world in general |Murray Guy Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Africans in America |Goodman Gallery |Johannesburg, South Africa |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |Elective Affinities: A Library |Hunter College Art Galleries |New York City, NY |- |Downtown 83 Aljira Benefit and Auction |Aljira Center for Contemporary Art |Newark, NJ |- |A Fast, Moving Sky |The Third Line Gallery |Dubai, United Arab Emirates |- |The Socrates Annual |Socrates Sculpture Park |New York City, NY |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Valerie yakiriye ubusabane nibihembo mu myaka ye yose yo guhanga ibihangano. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibihembo bya Valerie Piraino / Ubusabane ! Umwaka ! Izina ryigihembo / Ubusabane |- |2004 |Jacques and Natasha Gelman Travel Award |- |2009 |Studio Museum in Harlem, Artist-in-residence |- |2011 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2012 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2013 |Project Row Houses, Visiting Artist |- |2014 |Joan Mitchell Foundation, Emerging Teaching Artist Fellow |- |2015 |Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Process Space |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Socrates Sculpture Park, Emerging Artist Fellowship |- |Offshore Residency |- |Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Joan Mitchell Center, Artist-in-residence |- |The Wassaic Project, Editions Program |} == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] s3zxqxtmm5fdphjzcdj9et9gejxw9sv 0 10463 83322 2022-05-11T09:51:57Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Abagore baragenda biyongera mu kazi ko kubaka mu [[Rwanda]], ariko ni bacye cyane baboneka bakuriye za '[https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/chantier/14649 chantiers]'<ref>https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/chantier/14649</ref>, '''Enatha Cyuzuzo''' ari muri abo, ni umwihariko afite mu [[intara y'Iburasirazuba]] mu [[akarere ka Nyagatare]] == UMWUGA == '''Cyuzuzo Enatha'''<ref>https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/</ref> Kubakisha inzu niwo mwuga yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]], ariko ni n'ibintu yakunze kuva ari muto, anabishyigikirwamo n'ababyeyi be n'abavandimwe be, nk'uko yabibwiye [https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk BBC]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref>.Mu biro bya kompanyi ye [https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.construction.rw.na.kigali.html Ela Poder Construction Company]<ref>https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.construction.rw.na.kigali.html</ref>, no kuri [https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/chantier/ chantier]<ref>https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/chantier/</ref> imwe muzo afite i [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]], '''Cyuzuzo''' akoresha abagabo n'[[Umugore|abagore]] barimo n'abamuruta cyane mu [[imyaka]].[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|Inzu]] imwe muzo ari kubakisha ayigeze kure, ati: "Ubu ndi gupinyura 'renton' ndashaka gusakara nyine"Yongeraho ati: "Iyo twubaka [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] tugira ibyiciro, hari icyiciro cya [[Rimwe|mberee]] cyo gutegura, ubundi niko [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi,]] ibindi ni ukubikura ku gipapuro nkabitereka ku ikibanza. "Aha bisaba kwitonda cyane kuko [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Akarere]]<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> kaza gusuzuma niba ibintu washushanyije aribyo wubatse." Mu [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi]] ke ko gupatana no kubakisha [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]], uyu [[Umwana|mukobwa]] w'[[imyaka]] 26 ushoboye yerekera abagabo n'[[Umugore|'abagore]], akabaha amabwiriza y'ibyo bakora, akabahemba nabo bakababo.<ref>https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> === Ntacyananira === '''Cyuzuzo Enatha''' nk'umwubatsi<ref>https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/</ref> ([https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE civil engineer]<ref>https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE</ref>)<ref>https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/</ref> amaze kubakisha inzu<ref>https://www.watercw.com/?gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1Em0msNIGPqL1wgxa9isMIecnHj-bi-nrFDU-qwmk7tteutLZ_cMqxoC3A0QAvD_BwE</ref> i [[Kigali]] aho akomoka no muri Nyagatare<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> aho yahisemo gukorera kuko yabonye ari [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi]] uzakomeza gutanga [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] kenshi mu bwubatsi n'ejo hazaza. '''Gatete Athanase'''<ref>https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction</ref> wamuhaye [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] k'[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] ubu ari kubakisha mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi]]<ref>https://kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=10</ref> wa [[Akarere ka Nyagatare|Nyagatare]]<ref>https://www.nyagatare.gov.rw/</ref> avuga ko yakamuhaye kuko yabonye ko afite ubushobozi. Ati: "Azi kubaka, kandi [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] ni ikintu umuntu ashyira hariya kikagaraga ukavuga uti 'iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] yubatse neza', ibikorwa rero yakoze [mbere] nibyo byivugiye, mbona afite ubushobozi, mbona afite udushya." Nubwo ataragira inararibonye y'[[imyaka]] myinshi muri aka [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]], '''Cyuzuzo''' avuga ko ubu amaze kwigirira icyizere, ariko ntajya yibagirwa [[intangiriro]]. [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|Inzu]] ya mbere yubakishishe. Kubera imiterere y'aho yari iri ntibyari byoroshye, ati: "Ni ukuvuga ngo iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yarangoye pe! Nageze aho nkajya ndara ntasinziriye."Ariko imaze kurangira niyo [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yatumye nisuzuma, mpinduka undi muntu ndabyumva ko ndi gukura, iyi [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|nzu]] yari ifite ibigeragezo birenze ibya [https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/etage-1/ etage]<ref>https://www.linternaute.fr/dictionnaire/fr/definition/etage-1/</ref> yubatse ahantu hazima."Nkiyuzuza nahise mvuga nti "ntacyananira."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref><ref>https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> == Guhindura imyumvire == '''Cyuzuzo Enatha''' avuga ko Kompanyi<ref>https://www.afrik-jeunes.net/femmes-leaders-une-rwandaise-ouvre-la-voie-aux-femmes-dans-la-construction/</ref> ye ipatana kubaka [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]], ubwe ashushanya imbata z'[[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] akaba ari nawe uzubakisha. Gushushanya ni imwe mu mpano yabonye ko afite kuva ari muto. Aka [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|kazi]] akora kiganjemo abagabo akavuga ko ibi bituma hari ingorane ahura nazo zishingiye ku myumvire ya bamwe muri bo.Ati: "Hari imitekerereze ya bamwe bumva ko [[Umwana|umukobwa]] mutagirana 'deal' y'[[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] gusa. "Ni ukuvuga ngo gukorana n'[[Igitsina cy’umugabo|igitsina]] [[Igitsina cy’umugabo|gabo]] bisaba ngo wisanishe nacyo, ubereke ko nawe uri umugabo, ko ushoboye kandi ubereke ko uri [[Umwana|umukobwa]] uri 'smart' niho abura aho ahera." '''Enatha Cyuzuzo''' afite umusore bakundana kandi ngo bazashinga [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]] rwabo "vuba", uyu umusore ngo akunda ibyo akora ndetse "ni [[Rimwe|imwe]] mu mpamvu intera ingufu zo gukora".<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60329775?at_custom2=facebook_page&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+News+Gahuza&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_custom4=0985702A-8A45-11EC-9DCD-7F0416F31EAE&at_campaign=64&fbclid=IwAR2V2M5f5Bvy_BZ4OVtA0u8aDEbiiHeuJYbIX65L9QpzTgKc0hmROC-l0jk</ref><ref>https://von.gov.ng/2022/02/12/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction/</ref><ref>https://tdpelmedia.com/rwandan-blazing-a-trail-for-women-in-construction</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/taking-risks-and-going-something-works-says-engineering-firm-owner</ref> == Reba == tdmqw1tqp0ck4i5ekrh83pltnrltowz 0 10464 83323 2022-05-11T10:26:21Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwimana Consolée ( yavutse 1964 mu karere ka [[Rwanda|Ngororero]] ) ,ni umukinnyi w’ikinamico uzwi nka Nyiramariza m’ Urunana na Manyobwa muri Musekeweya n'izindi zitandukanye akaba abarizwa mu itorero Indamutsa ry' ikigo cy'igihugu gishizwe itangazamakuru ([[Rwanda|RBA)]].<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55831/byinshi-kuri-uwimana-consolee-uzwi-nka-nyiramariza-mu-runana-ndetse-na-manyobwa-mu-ikinamico-musekeweya-55831.html</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Manyobwa-ari-na-we-Nyiramariza-aravuga-imyato-inganzo-ye</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Uwimana Consolée ni umubyeyi w[[Umwana|'abana]] batanu yirerana kuko umugabo we yitabye Imana mu 1990, Consolée yabyirutse ari umukobwa ushabutse ndetse abo biganye mu mashuri abanza bamufiteho urwibutso nk’umunyembaraga wahoranaga inseko n’ibyishimo ndetse akaba yari azwiho guhora akangurira bagenzi be kutigunga.<ref name=":2">https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ubuzima-butangaje-bwa-uwimana-consolata-wakanyujijeho-nka-manyobwa</ref> == Umwuga == Uwimana yatangiye gukina ikinamico ari mu mashuri abanza abigiramo umwete bidasanzwe hanyuma aza kujya mu itorero Indamutsa rya RBA mu mwaka wa 1984.<ref name=":1" /> Uwimana yakinnye amakinamico atandukanye aho izina rye rizwi mu makinamico nka “Bazirunge zange zibe isogo”[ yakinnye ari Bazirunge] ari nayo kinamico yatangiriyeho akijya mu itorero Indamutsa,mu mwaka wa 2002 yatangiye gikina ikinamico Urunana ,akomereza kuri Musekeweya, Ruteruzi ndatashye n’izindi nyinshi.<ref name=":0" /> Uwimana yabaye ikimenyabose mu gihugu hose nka Nyiramariza umugore wa Sitefano mu ikinamico Urunana, by’agahebuzo yubatse izina mu buryo budasanzwe muri Musekeweya aho akina yitwa Manyobwa umugore wa Kibanga.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == fuqa2d2k9dvogi1ynmdhqrpg4nfa1p9 0 10465 83329 83326 2022-05-11T12:11:33Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karekezi Uwacu Martine''' yabaye umwanditsi ukomeye w’[[Igitabo|ibitabo]] abitewe no kubura inkuru akoresha yigisha [[abana]].<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/uko-karekezi-martine-yabaye-umwanditsi-w-ibitabo-abitewe-no-kubura-inkuru</ref> '''Uwacu Karekezi Martine''' avuga ko kwandika [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] no gushushanya atari impano [[Imana]] iha abagabo bonyine, gusa haracyari [[Umugore|abagore]] benshi babikora bakabiherana mu [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|ngo]] zabo, n'abatabona uko bakoresha impano yabo, nyamara uyu ni umwuga urimo imibereho.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-53691693</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Uwacu Karekezi Martine''', ni umwarimukazi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/new-book-cautions-people-incestuous-violence</ref> w’[[Indimi mu kinyarwanda|indimi]] wabigize umwuga wigisha [[abana]] bo mu [[Ishuri|mashuri]] y’incuke kuri [https://greenhillsacademy.rw/ Green Hills Academy],<ref>https://greenhillsacademy.rw/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/new-book-cautions-people-incestuous-violence</ref> mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]]. Hejuru yo kuba umwarimukazi<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/new-book-cautions-people-incestuous-violence</ref>, ni umwanditsi w’[[Igitabo|ibitabo]] by’[[abana]],<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/new-book-cautions-people-incestuous-violence</ref> imivugo, gushushanya n’ibindi bifite aho bihuriye n’ubugeni.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/latest-news/new-book-cautions-people-incestuous-violence</ref> Uyu mwarimu umaze [[imyaka]] isaga 15 mu [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], yavuze ko agitangira kwigisha yaje kujya ahura n’ikibazo cy’inkuru ziryoshye zijyanye n’amasomo yabaga asabwa kwigisha[[Ishuri|abanyeshuri]] be. Yarebye kujya apfa [[Kwigisha english-kinyarwanda|kwigisha]] uko abonye, abona yaba ari gutatira amahame agenga umwuga w’[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]], ahitamo gutangira kwiyandikira inkuru zizajya zijyana n’amasomo ashaka kwigisha [[abana]].<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/uko-karekezi-martine-yabaye-umwanditsi-w-ibitabo-abitewe-no-kubura-inkuru</ref> == KWANDIKA IBITABO == '''Karekezi Uwacu Martine''' avuga ko aka [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] ko kwa ndika [[Igitabo|ibitabo]], yagatangiye agitangira kwigisha [[abana]]. Hari ukuntu ukenera kwigisha [[abana]] isomo, ukabona nta nkuru n’[[Rimwe|imwe]] iri mu [[igitabo]] ufite yagufasha kwigisha [[abana]].”Yakomeje agira ati “Njye ntabwo inkuru nari nkeneye byari ngombwa ko ziba mu [[Igitabo|bitabo]] cyangwa ngo zimpe amafaranga, nta nubwo nari nzi ko hari uwazikunda ngo azishyire mu [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] ariko njye zari zinyuze n’[[Ishuri|abanyeshuri]] banjye zikabaryohera. Nkandika inkuru yarangiza ibyo nayihimbiye nkayishyira mu kabati nkayibika.”<ref>https://womxn-artists.rw/artists/karekezi-uwacu-martine/</ref> Mu [[Imyaka|imwaka]] wa 2015, Uwacu yaje guhura n’abashinzwe guteza imbere ibijyanye n’[[Igitabo|ibitabo]] mu muryango [https://rwanda.savethechildren.net/ Save the Children]<ref>https://rwanda.savethechildren.net/</ref>, bamusangana [[Igitabo|agatabo]] gato yari yariyandikiye n’intoki karimo [[Rimwe|imwe]] mu inkuru yajyaga yifashisha yigisha [[Ishuri|abanyeshuri]] be. Ako [[Igitabo|gatabo]] baragakunze, bamwizeza kumuhuza n’[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] zisohora [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] zikomeye zikamufasha gushyira hanze inkuru ze. Ati “Bampuje n[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|’inzu]] zisohora [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] ndetse n’abashushanya, bakunda inkuru zanjye uyikunze akambwira ko ayigura.”<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/uko-karekezi-martine-yabaye-umwanditsi-w-ibitabo-abitewe-no-kubura-inkuru</ref> Mu [[imyaka]] mike amaze atangiye gusohora [[Igitabo|ibitabo]], amaze gusohora [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] 20 birimo inkuru z’[[abana]] ndetse n’ibindi bine birimo [[Umuvungovungo|imivugo]]. Avuga ko amafaranga ava mu bwanditsi bw’[[Igitabo|ibitabo]] ataraba menshi nk’uko bikwiriye ariko ku muntu wakuze akunda kwandika ibyo bitamuca intege. Ati “Abantu bandika ibyishimo bya mbere ntabwo ari amafaranga. Inyungu ya mbere tugira ni ukubona ko hari abasomye ibyo twanditse cyangwa se akaguha igitekerezo gitandukanye. Uguhaye igitekerezo aba aguhaye inyungu iruta uwari kukigura akagishyira mu akabati.” '''Uwacu''' nyuma yo gushyira hanze impano ze, yashinze [https://vymaps.com/RW/Sankofa-Creatives-Ltd-317773278832874/ Sankofa Creative Ltd]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/young-rwandan-visual-artist-wins-africalia-grants</ref><ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Sankofa-Creatives-Ltd-317773278832874/</ref>, [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] ihuriza hamwe abahanzi n’ abanyabugeni mu ngeri zitandukanye, bagahanga, bagakosorana bakagurisha. Ubwanditsi bwatumye '''Uwacu''' atagihorana umutima uhangayitse, cyangwa se ngo ahore arambirije ku mushahara gusa. === INTEGO === '''Karekezi Uwacu Martine''' Afite inzozi zo kwagura impano ye ndetse n’ibikorwa bya sosiyete ye [[https://vymaps.com/RW/Sankofa-Creatives-Ltd-317773278832874/ Sankofa Creative Ltd]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/young-rwandan-visual-artist-wins-africalia-grants</ref><ref>https://vymaps.com/RW/Sankofa-Creatives-Ltd-317773278832874/</ref>, ubwanditsi n’ubugeni bukaba umwuga utunga abawukora mu [[Rwanda]]. rero Nta [[Igiherero|igihe]] cyashira utumvise abavuga ko Abanya[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] badafite [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] wo [[Gusomana kw'abafaransa|gusoma]], ko aho gusoma [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] bamwe bihitiramo [[Gusomana kw'abafaransa|gusoma]] amacupa mu tubari rero tugire [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] wo gusoma [[Igitabo|ibitabo]].<ref>https://igihe.com/dusangire-ijambo/article/uko-karekezi-martine-yabaye-umwanditsi-w-ibitabo-abitewe-no-kubura-inkuru</ref> == Reba == 9yd4p7i8xhyk6ygdl0k7bl234fna6nm 0 10467 83336 83333 2022-05-11T14:32:20Z Endikuemmy 9914 edit wikitext text/x-wiki Rica Rwigamba ni umunyarwandakazi, inzobere mubijyanye n'ubukerarugendo<ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/latest-video/rica%20rwigamba/</ref><ref>https://www.washingtontimes.com/topics/rica-rwigamba/</ref>yabaye umuyobozi mu ishami ry'ubukerarugendo mu ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere RDB<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/63123/umubyeyi-rica-rwigamba-wahoze-ayobora-ubukerarugendo-muri-rdb-yashyize-hanze-igitabo-yise--63123.html</ref>. == Amashuri == Rica Rwigamba yize amashuri yisumbuye ku ikigo cy'amashuri cya St Marys School kuva 1995 kugera 1997 mu ishami ry'[[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|ubukungu]]-[[icyongereza]] n'[[igifaransa]] ( Economy-English literature and French), nyuma yakomereje amasomo ye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kuva 1998 kugera 2001 mu ishami ry'ububanyi n'amahanga. Nyuma yo gusoza kaminuza yakomerejeho ikiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza (Master of Business administration) muri Kaminuza ya [https://www.oc.edu/ Oklahoma Christian University] kuva 2014 kugera 2016. == Amateka y'umuryango ahagarariye == Rica ubu ni umuyobozi mukuru wa gateganyo wa [https://mastercardfdn.org/ Mastercard Foundation] mu Rwanda; ikomatanya ubuyobozi, kwihangira imirimo n'imibereho myiza. Ibi byagize ingaruka nziza ku rugendo rwe ubwo yakoraga muri guverinoma, abikorera ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ishyigikira guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko. Intandaro ya byose, ni rwiyemezamirimo kumutima. Rica yihatira kwerekana ibyiza mu bantu itanga ubuyobozi, inkunga no kubatera inkunga mu rugendo rwabo rugana ku ntsinzi.Rica usanzwe ari igihugu Umuyobozi wa Mastercard Foundation mu Rwanda; ikomatanya ishyaka ry'ubuyobozi, kwihangira imirimo n'ingaruka z'imibereho. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku rugendo rwe ubwo yakoraga muri guverinoma, abikorera ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ishyigikira guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko. Intandaro ya byose, ni rwiyemezamirimo kumutima. Rica yihatira kwerekana ibyiza mu bantu aho atanga ubujyanama m'ubuyobozi, inkunga n'ibitekerezo bibafasha kugera ku ntsinzi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/224781</ref> == Umwuga == Ugushyingo 2017 kugera Werurwe 2019 ya umuyobozi wa gahunda (Program manager) muri Mastercard foundation Rwanda, uyu mwanya yawukozeho umwaka n'amezi atanu. Muri Mata 2019 kugera Kanama 2019 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda (Senior Program manager) muri mastercard foundation, umwanya yamazeho amezi atanu gusa. Kanama 2019 nyuma yo gusoza inshingano yari afite zo kuba umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda muri mastercard foundation, Rica yatangiye izindi nshingano muri uyu muryango nk'umuyobozi mukuru (country director of Mastercard Foundation), amaze imyaka ibiri kuri uyu mwanya. Mu biganiro byahuje Mastercard foundation n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe iterambere n'ubukerarugendo RDB, Rica Rwigamba yagize ati; "Ubufatanye dufitanye na RDB ni intambwe igaragara mu cyerekezo cyiza cyo kugera ku ntsinzi ya gahunda ya Hanga Ahazaza no gufasha urubyiruko gutera imbere mu bukerarugendo no mu kwakira abashyitsi mu Rwanda"<ref>https://rdb.rw/rdb-mastercard-foundation-sign-strategic-partnership-to-connect-young-rwandans-to-dignified-work-in-tourism-and-hospitality/</ref> == Ibyagezweho == Rica Rwigamba wamenyekanye cyane ayobora ishami ry'ubukerarugendo muri '''RDB''', yanditse igitabo kitwa "'''Kibuno mpa amaguru'''" iki gitabo kiri mu bwoko bw'ibitabo byo gufasha abana kwidagadura hakoreshejwe ibishushanyo byinshi n'amagambo make.<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] jumhmoshj8jq4v1wqflrygh02jfwxkz 0 10468 83335 2022-05-11T14:28:25Z UWIMPUHWE Va 10331 creating a page wikitext text/x-wiki Ingoro y’umurage y’ibidukikije ya Karongi iherere mu ntara y' iburengera zuba bw'u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ,iyi ngoro bise ingoro y’amababa atatu kubera ibice bitatu biyigize, harimo igice cy’ingufu zisaza, icy’ingufu zisubiramo ndetse n’icy’ibimera, yubatswe ahanini na Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] ariko hiyongera n’igice gito cy’inkuga y’Ubudage n’Ubububiligi yuzuye itwaye amafaranga miliyari na miliyoni miliyoni magana atatu (1,300,000000Rwf)<ref>https://igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inzu-ndangamurage/article/karongi-babonye-ingoro</ref> <ref>Minisitiri Habineza arasaba ko ingoro y’ibidukikije ya Karongi yafungurwa vuba - Kigali Today</ref>. == Amateka y'ingoro ndangamurage y'ibidukikije == Mu 2015 nibwo ingoro ndangamurage y’ibidukikije ibitse ibikorwa bitandukanye by’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ya mbere mu Rwanda no mu karere ko munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yafunguwe mu Murenge wa Bwishyura mu Karere ka Karongi, mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba mu Rwanda yafunguwe yibandaga ku kumurika ibijyanye n’ingufu (Renewable and non renewable energy), urugendo rukorwa ngo zitange amashanyarazi n’ingaruka zigira ariko nyuma yaje kongerwamo ibijyanye n’inyamaswa n’amabuye y’agaciro byabaga i Kigali mu Ngoro y’Amateka kamere izwi nko kwa “Kandt” Kuwa 7-10 Kanama 2019.<ref>http://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/ibiteye-amatsiko-ku-ngoro-ndangamurage-y-ibidukikije-yihariye-muri-afurika</ref>. == Intego z'ingoro ndangamurage y'ibidukikije == Hari zimwe mu ntego ingoro yashinzwe yiteze kugeraho ndetse zagiyihe ziyongera ari zo zikurikira : * kumurika ibijyanye n’ingufu * [[Dosiye:Ingoro.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ndangamurage y'ibidukikije yubatswe karongi ]]Kurengera ibidukikije * gusigasira bimwe mu bimera byagiye bicika bitakiboneka ahantu henshi .<ref>http://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=5&L=1</ref> * kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima harimo inyamaswa nk'inzoka ni ibindi <ref>http://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/144004</ref> Umwihariko w'iyi ngoro niyo yambere y'ubatswe mu karere kibiyaga bigari ndetse na [[African Wildlife Foundation|africa]] muri rusange ishingiye kubidukikije no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibimera . == Amashakiro == rpz3atrotza4enixdiluh9cxbuvakrf 0 10469 83574 83340 2022-05-14T18:37:58Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tonzi.jpg|thumb|Tonzi ]] '''Uwitonze Clementine''' numuhanzikazi Umuhanzikazi mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana mu [[Rwanda]] uzwi kwizina Tonzi. == Ubuzima Bwe bwite == Uwitonze Clementine uzwi kwiizina rya Tonzi yavukiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ariko akurira mu [[Rwanda]]. Yavukiye mu muryango ukomeye wa gikristo, yakuze atozwa kubaha Isabato ndetse kugeza ubu ararushaho kwiyagura mu murimo w’Imana.Tonzi yakuranye impano yo kuririmba aho yatangiye kuririmba akiri umwana muto cyane ahagarikwa ku meza kugira ngo abantu bamubone. <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi</ref> == Umwuga == Clemantine Uwitonze Yagize umuziki umwuga aho yaje gukomereza Impano yaje kwaguka ajya mu makorali atandukanye, mu mwaka wa 2004 atangira umuziki ku giti cye. Ni umwe mu bahanzi b’igitsinagore baririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana umaze kwagura umwuga we mu buryo bukomeye.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi</ref> == Ibitaramo == Ni nani : Tonzi yakoze ku mugoroba wo ku wa Gatatu tariki 18 Gashyantare mu 2012 <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi</ref>\ East Africa Gospel concert:Iki Nigitaramo tonzi ya teguye cyahuzaga abahanzi ba Afurika y’u Burasirazuba<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa</ref> == Ibiranga Tonzi == Tonzi arangwa n’umutima utanga kuruta ibindi byose, aharanira ko yagira ikintu akorera kigashimisha umuntu kurusha uko we yagikorerwa.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa</ref> == Umusanzu == Indirimbo Imana ishyira tonzi ku mutima zifasha abantu cyane, kumenya urukundo rw' Imana ku buzima bwacu, uburyo Imana iduhumuriza, ikaduha ibyiringiro , amahoro, ibyishimo, umunezero mbinyujije mu ndirimbo, kuko igihe cyose yatangiye gusohora indirimbo sarabura ubutumwa bw' abantu bampuha ubuhamya bw' icyo ubutumwa bwabafashije kurushaho kwegera Imana, no gukomera mu rugendo rwa buri munsi.<ref>https://www.thefacts.rw/byinshi-wamenya-ku-buhanzi-bwa-tonzi-uririmba-indirimbo-zifasha-abantu-kumenya-urukundo-rwimana-video</ref> === Ibindi wareba === https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umwana-wanzwe-nyina-yari-agiye-kumujugunya-none-ubu-ni-umuhanga-mu-mivugo https://teradignews.rw/umuhanzikazi-tonzi-yavuze-ibigwi-minani-rwema-watumye-ubuzima-bwe-buhinduka/ https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Artist]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] r8oygw77hgi00mnb3p1iqwabegi0kom 0 10470 83341 2022-05-11T15:32:40Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Rolande Simone Pryce ufite ubwenegihugu bwa [[Jamayika|Jamayike]]<ref>https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/dpl/2001/1100.htm</ref>, afite uburambe bwo gukorera banki kuva mu 2006 ahagarariye Banki mu bikorwa muri [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] na Karayibe ndetse no muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa [[Sahara y’Uburengerazuba|Sahara]] no mu birwa bya pasifika<ref>https://beautifulrwanda.org/2022/02/03/launch-of-the-18th-edition-of-the-world-bank-rwanda-economic-update/</ref><ref>https://www.wavespartnership.org/en/indonesia-waves-completes-first-phase-high-note-0</ref> == Akazi == Rolande Pryce ni umuyobozi wa Banki y'Isi mu Rwanda kuva 2020 yasimbuye Yasser El Gammal wakoraga kuri uwo mwanya kuva muri Gashyantare 2016.<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/world-bank-rwanda-gets-new-country-manager</ref>Mbere yo kwinjira muri Banki y'Isi, Madamu Pryce yabaye umujyanama mu by'amategeko muri guverinoma ya Jamayike ku mategeko mpuzamahanga rusange n'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu myaka irenga icumi; kandi nkumwarimu wungirije mumategeko mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza ya West Indies<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ms-rolande-pryce-named-new-world-bank-group-country-manager-for-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.compactwithafrica.org/content/dam/Compact%20with%20Africa/reports/CwA%20-%20Monitoring%20Report%20-%208%20April%202021.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.avvo.com/attorneys/20011-dc-rolande-pryce-1299950.html</ref><ref>https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20170203/jamaican-lands-major-role-world-bank</ref> == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[Ubwongereza|Londere]] 2004 -2005. Kuva 1992 - 1995 yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Miami, 1989 -1992 yakoreye Bachelor of Science mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n'imibare yakuye muri kaminuza y'Umujyi wa [[Amerika|New York.]] Amashuri y'isumbuye yayize muri St Andrew High school muri 1981 kugera 1986. "She holds a master’s degree in Public International Law from the University College of London ; a Juris Doctor from the University of Miami and a Bachelor of Science in International Business and Mathematics from the City University of New York"<ref name=":0" /> == Ubunyamwuga == Yagize kandi uruhare mu gutanga ubufasha mu by'amategeko mu by'imari, ibikorwa remezo ndetse n'abikorera. Ubunararibonye afite kuri uyu mugabane burimo gukorera mu itsinda ry’Afurika ryita ku ngufu aho yari ashinzwe gucunga neza ubutungo wari uhari icyo gihe ungana na miliyari 10 z'amadolari. Banki y'isi yemeje urwego rushya rw'ubufatanye mu gihugu (CPF) mu Rwanda. Urwego ruzayobora imirimo ya Banki mu myaka 6 iri imbere mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ingamba za guverinoma y’u Rwanda nkuko byashyizwe mu ngamba z’igihugu zo guhindura ibintu<ref>https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/about/people/r/rolande-pryce</ref><ref>https://perilofafrica.com/2021/07/launch-of-the-17th-edition-of-the-world-bank-group-rwanda-economic-update.html</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo by'imari]] [[Ikiciro:Isi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] 93ga8844ppb90mc2dbqem0qve6situh 0 10471 83342 2022-05-11T15:32:59Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', umuririmbyi w'umunyarwandakazi w’inararibonye waboneye benshi izuba mu bahanzi nyarwanda yagarutse gutura mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] by’iteka nyuma y’[[imyaka]] irenga 40 yari amaze mu imahanga ya kure. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana [yavutse 1943]''' yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1973 ahunze itoteza n’[[Umwicanyi wa ruhongohongo|ubwicanyi]] bwa hato na hato bwakorerwaga [[abatutsi]]. Yabanje kuba muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Iharanira]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Demokarasi]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ya Congo]] ahava nyuma y[[Imyaka|’imyaka]] 16 yerekeza mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanz]]<nowiki/>i n’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we bahunze nyuma y’uko se yishwe aroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] mu mwaka wa 1963. Nyina, '''Mukanzigiye Carolina''' na we yazize [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu 1994]] ubwo yari avuye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kwivuza no gusura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we wari warahungiyeyo. yagize Ati “Data bamwishe muri 1963, ari muri baba bandi baroshywe mu [[Isumo rya Rusumo|Rusumo]] hariya i Kibungo ubu ni mu [[akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]], mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref> nibwo twavuye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] twari [[abana]] icyenda buri wese yagiye ukwe dushaka [[ubuzima]] turakura bigenda uko.” Yongeraho ati “Muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] nahageze mu 1973<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/5527081.html?fbclid=IwAR2daxTVeLaaWmyqO9o_O51vy-B0utdu3Gdo_80Fudj8hsPWFIa3fm6-5dU</ref>, nahunganye n’umugabo wanjye, mu [[Urugo rwa Yezu Nyirimpuhwe mu Ruhango|urugo]] twari [[abana]] icyenda ariko buri wese yagiye ukwe tujya gushaka ubundi [[Ubuzima|buzima]]Nahunganye n’umugabo twabyaranye [[Umwana|abana]] bane we yaguye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congo]] icyo gihe. Nahabaye [[imyaka]] 16 mpava njya kuba i [https://www.bruxelles.be/ Bruxelles]<ref>https://www.bruxelles.be/</ref> ari naho nari ntuye iyo [[imyaka]] yose.”<ref>https://www.afrocharts.com/artist?id=27d6656a2f</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> == MU RWANDA == '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' w’imyaka 79 avuga ko mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yamaze [[Iburayi|i Burayi]] atigeze ahakunda kurusha u [[Rwanda]] ari nacyo cyamushyizemo imbaraga arataha ngo asazire mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cye cyu [[Rwanda]]. Ni [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu abaririmbyi b’[[Imana|imena]] bashinze [https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse itorero Isamaza]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref> ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutiza umurindi [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> ku rugamba rwo kubohora u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gihe yaririmbanaga n’abahanzi bari bakunzwe icyo [[Igiherero|igihe]] barimo bakomeye mu ijyana ya kinyarwanda n’abandi babyinaga cyane.Ntabwo nigeze nkunda u [[Burayi]], nahabeshejwe n’uko nari mfite [[abana]] bagombaga kwiga kandi nkaba hafi yabo nkabitaho. Ntabwo nari gushobora kuguma hariya, mu [[Burayi]] ntabwo ari ahantu ho gusazira.” Yavuze ko nyuma yo kuza gutura mu [[Rwanda]] agiye gukomeza guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya ndetse ngo nibimushobokera azongera ahuze [[Umugore|abakecuru]] yaririmbanye na bo mu Isamaza bongere bahange.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> === ITORERO ISAZAMA === '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' ari mubashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] ryashingiwe mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] igera kuri 30 ishize, ryatangiye rigizwe n’abiganjemo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’inkumi zabyinaga hagamijwe gushakisha ubufasha bwo gushyigikira [https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371 ingabo]<ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=371</ref> zarwanye urugamba rwo kwihobora mu 1990<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990</ref>. [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaze]] rigitangira ryabarizwagamo abahanzi b’abahanga barimo nka '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''', '''Jeanne Karigirwa Ruboneka'''<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref>, '''Anonciata Gatera,''' '''Francoise Ruboneka''', '''Anonciata Kayisire''' n’abandi batandukanye.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa Suzana''' [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu bashinze [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] yavuze ko nyuma yo kugaruka gutura mu [[Rwanda]] ateganya kongera guhuza [[Umugore|abakecuru]] bagenzi be bakiriho bakongera kuririmba nk’itsinda no gukora ibitaramo by’[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ahanini zibutsa abantu [[Igiherero|ibihe]] iri torero ryagize mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] yashize. Ati “Abo twahoranye mu '''[[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|itorero Isamaza]]''' benshi baracyariho ariko babivuyemo, uwari umuhanga cyane mu bo twaririmbanye yaratabarutse ni '''Jeanne Karigirwa''' abandi barashatse iby’[[UMUZIKI|imiziki]] babivamo Ubwo nanjye ngiye kugerageza ndebe ko twakongera gukora ariko biragoye.”<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itorero-isamaza-ryaba-rigiye-kubyutsa-umutwe-nyuma-y-imyaka-20-risenyutse</ref> '''Nyiranyamibwa''' avuga ko hari [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yahimbye ariko zitarasohoka gusa arateganya kuzazishyira hanze kuri [[:en:Album|album]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album</ref> nshya azamurika mu [[Igiherero|gihe]] kiri imbere. Mu kwihuza n’abahoze bagize [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Isamaza]] ngo yifuza ko bakora ibitaramo bito no guhanga [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nshya gusa ngo ni [[Akazi Kanoze (AKA)|akazi]] gasaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ati “Abakobwa twaririmbanye hafi ya bose iby’[[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] ntibakibyiyumvamo, bari bafite amajwi meza, ni abahanga gusa ngira ngo murabazi, bamaze gushaka baba bahagaritse [[UMUZIKI|umuziki]] abandi barabiretse Nzagerageza gushaka uko nakongera kubabwira duhure twongere dukore ariko birasaba imbaraga.” Iyo umubajije [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|urwibutso]] afite ku [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] asubiza yitsitsa cyane ku bumwe no kutiganda byarangaga abaririmbyi ndetse no guharanira iterambere rya buri wese byabarangaga.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/73791/nyiranyamibwa-ushaka-kugarura-itorero-isamaza-asanga-hagahin-73791.html</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> === ZIMWE MURI IZO NDIRIMBO === {| class="wikitable" |+INDIRIMBO !Amateka ya Suzana !https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |Nyumva Mana |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDyU7EVE1nk |- |Sinkabya |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWtrco7aUeA |- |Umuhororo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJzLR2WZPDM |- |Nyambo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrWRpqjaVlk |- |Wibabara |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAV8K81ccHo |- |Nyiringanzo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNPvfs-jpwE |- |RUBANDA |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rojb2MKCsd8 |- |Izo kwibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0DlMKKHPBY |- |Impundu |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uTCCn4zji4 |- |Mbahoze nte |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWsKLftl4KA |- |Ibuka |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZEul1-dZpg |- |Telephone |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prCu9MkxiO4 |- |Uraho |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0IShaoQhU4 |- |Nyemerera |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ty8ljIfBH5M |} == Reba == kiy8xz6ugff5uvl0jwm2qaz5rlbqexr 14 10472 83343 2022-05-11T15:33:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Amabanki ashinzwe kuguriza amafaranga, kubika no kuzamura ubukungu bw'ibihugu ku isi na34rdtaruuhmd363vju9fcv76bl387 0 10473 83344 2022-05-11T15:47:30Z Rodrigueng 10891 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == Diana mpyisi == Diane mpyisi ni umunyamakurru kazi wamamaye mu [[Rwanda]] kubera ibiganiro akorera kuri [[Rwanda Nziza|RBA]]<ref>https://www.kigalian.com/people/2015/11/diana-mpyisi-spoken-word-rwanda/</ref> Diana kandi ni umuyobozi kandi akaba ari nawe washinze Spoken Word Rwanda hamwe na Blue Oceans<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/102352</ref> == Reba == 6lvtg0wzheilk94r1qh8otxqqedbk6f 0 10474 83345 2022-05-11T16:09:29Z Rodrigueng 10891 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == VIOLETTE IRAKOZE == amazina ye nyakuri yitwa Violette Irakoze Neza ni umunyarwandakazi wavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] akaba ari umwe mubagore<ref>https://www.zgr.net/en/people/violette-irakoze-biography-fact-career-awards-net-worth-and-life-story</ref> bamamaye kubera siporo y'amagare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=95948</ref> == AMATEKA == Violette yamamaye cyane mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2018 ndetse na 2019<ref>https://firstcycling.com/rider.php?r=95948</ref> == REBA == dq6k4hgvxabnwmzmjkvzce76yuj41th 0 10475 83347 2022-05-11T16:55:06Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Amina Umulisa Rwakunda ni umunyarwandakazi umaze igihe mu inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda byumwihariko muri minisiteri iteza imbere ubukungu bwigihugu, Ikanagenzura ingengo yigihugu kandi ikagisubiramo igihe cyose bibaye ngombwa (MINECOFIN), yashyizweho ku ya 27 Mata 2018 asimbuza Rugwabiza Minega Leonard wabaye umujyanama mu by'ubukungu. Yabanje kuba impuguke mu by'ubukungu muri Minisiteri y’Imari aho yasimbuwe na Kalisa Thierry.<ref name=":0">https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/04/rwanda-cabinet-appoints-new-chief-economist/</ref> == Amashuri == Madamu Rwakunda afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri globolization no guteza imbere ubukungu muri kaminuza ya [https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/ Antwerp]. == Akazi == Amina Umulisa Rwakunda ni umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi mu ikigo gishinzwe Isoko ry'imigabane mu Rwanda (RSE<ref>https://www.rse.rw/About-Us/Board-of-Directors/Member-16</ref>) kuva 2012. Ubu ni Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ubukungu / Umuyobozi wa Politiki ya Macroeconomic muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi; n'Ubuyobozi bwa [https://www.statistics.gov.rw/about-us/organizational-structure/board-directors NISR] (Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda) umwanya amazeho imyaka 12 n'ukwezi kumwe kuva 2010. Ni Visi Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi mu ikigo cy'Urusobe rwubushakashatsi bwa politiki y'ubukungu mu Rwanda ([https://www.eprnrwanda.org/?page=team&id_article=48# EPRN])<ref>http://www.devpartners.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/docs/DPCG_Minutes/64th_DPCG_Meeting_Minutes_-_DEC__2016.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-mulls-municipal-bonds-district-infrastructure-projects</ref><ref>https://wiki.projecttopics.org/10811-mrs-umulisa-amina-rwakunda/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.minicom.gov.rw/news-detail/minicom-hosts-the-first-webinar-series-on-status-of-the-made-in-rwanda-policy-implementation</ref> == Izindi nshingano == Abahanga mu by'ubukungu bavuga ko Umuyobozi w’Ubukungu afite inshingano zimuhatira gukurikirana ibibazo byose by’ubukungu bw’igihugu. By'umwihariko, Umulisa afite inshingano zo guhagararira igihugu mu isuzuma ry’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari (IMF), gusuzuma igihugu ndetse n’ibindi bice bimenyesha icyemezo cy’umuryango ku bijyanye n’ubufatanye n’u Rwanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] he9bfj0pj8gvyu20kj9v5gmcih9gjru 0 10476 83350 83349 2022-05-11T17:47:11Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 wikigapkigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amina Umuhoza.jpg|thumb|Amina ]] '''Amina Umuhoza ('''wavutse 1996) niwe washinze Saye campany ltd ifite Umushinga wa dukataze ugamije kongerera ubushobozi abakobwa mubitekerezo, imibereho ndetse nubukungu kugirango barwanye inda zitifuzwa mubakobwa bato bo mu Rwanda<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/home-decor-uplifting-girls-womans-pursuit?fbclid=IwAR14AW1NgOdZOPf95qgOrtcJy7HW3eD_B8-WDbR201wbuL09X9P8VcLlmLI</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Umuhoza Amaze gukura Yumvaga ko umunsi umwe azatanga ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose ku bakobwa batishoboye, cyane cyane abadashoboye kwigurira ibya ngombwa, nk'isuku. yarbaye umuyobozi wimyidagaduro yishuri, Visi perezida wa club yimiyoborere nzizana visi perezida wa club ya Never again Rwanda . <ref>https://www.globalpeacechain.org/team_members/amina-umuhoza/</ref>Muri 2012 yabaye umunyamakuru w'inama nkuru y’abana mu Rwanda aho yatowe na bagenzi be. Amina Umuhoza yitabiriye inama nyinshi muri leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Kenya, Uganda, Etiyopiya n'u [[Rwanda]] kandi ubumenyi bwose yabonye burimo gukoreshwa mu gushora imari mu rubyiruko rwe.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/home-decor-uplifting-girls-womans-pursuit?fbclid=IwAR14AW1NgOdZOPf95qgOrtcJy7HW3eD_B8-WDbR201wbuL09X9P8VcLlmLI</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2017, afite imyaka 21, yatangije uruganda rukora dekorasiyo zomurgo arirwo Saye Ltd. Amaze kuvuga atyo, yashoboye gukurikirana inzozi ze zo gufasha urubyiruko rutishoboye, cyane cyane abakobwa - guha imbaraga abakobwa b’abanyarwanda mu bwenge, mu mibereho no mu bukungu, no kurwanya ingimbi. gutwita, binyuze muri gahunda yitwa 'Dukataze'.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/home-decor-uplifting-girls-womans-pursuit?fbclid=IwAR14AW1NgOdZOPf95qgOrtcJy7HW3eD_B8-WDbR201wbuL09X9P8VcLlmLI</ref> == Amashuri == Amina Umuhoza Yize muri Fawe girls school Gisozi <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/home-decor-uplifting-girls-womans-pursuit?fbclid=IwAR14AW1NgOdZOPf95qgOrtcJy7HW3eD_B8-WDbR201wbuL09X9P8VcLlmLI</ref> == Ibihembo == * Umuhoza yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi byimivugo harimo Kigali vibrate hamwe nubusizi, amarushanwa yishuri rya AEGIS * Mu 2015 yitabiriye ubukangurambaga ku isi bwiswe abakobwa kuri perezida aho yari ahagarariye abakobwa bo mu Rwanda * Muri 2018 yatsindiye kandi amarushanwa yateguwe na forumu ya demokarasi ya Afrika kurwego rwumugabane wa Afrika<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/home-decor-uplifting-girls-womans-pursuit?fbclid=IwAR14AW1NgOdZOPf95qgOrtcJy7HW3eD_B8-WDbR201wbuL09X9P8VcLlmLI</ref><ref>https://www.globalpeacechain.org/team_members/amina-umuhoza/</ref> === ibindi wareba === === https://web.facebook.com/TheNewTimesRwanda/posts/growing-up-amina-umuhoza-hoped-to-one-day-offer-any-kind-of-assistance-to-underp/3492460137529712/?_rdc=1&_rdr === saye website :https://si.se/en/projects-granted-funding/my-period-is-awesome-rwanda-2/ Dot Rwanda :https://rwanda.dotrust.org/story/amina/ === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Women]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] i7w1ouni7xfxymwywz2z6j012evohc4 0 10477 83351 2022-05-11T17:56:28Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Mukeshimana Béata ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwanda akaba n'umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y'ubutabera ([https://www.minijust.gov.rw/news-detail/we-do-not-want-signing-performance-contracts-to-be-taken-as-just-an-event-busingye-johnston Ministry of Justice])<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2018/rw-government-gazette-dated-2018-07-11-no-special.pdf</ref> aho yasimbuye k'umwanya madamu [[Isabelle Kalihangabo]] wagizwe umunyamabanga mukuru w'ubiro bishinzwe iperereza mu Rwanda (RIB)<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/04/rwanda-cabinet-appoints-new-chief-economist/</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/hari-amategeko-yo-mu-1800-agikoreshwa-mu-rwanda</ref> == Akazi == Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 11 Ugushyingo 2016, Inama y'Abaminisitiri yashyizeho Beata Mukeshimana nka Visi-Perezida wa Komisiyo ishinzwe ivugurura ry'amategeko mu Rwanda (RLRC)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubutabera/amakuru/article/hari-amategeko-yo-mu-1800-agikoreshwa-mu-rwanda</ref>. Madamu Mukeshimana yahoze ayobora ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi, ivugurura n’ivugururwa ry'amategeko muri komisiyo ishinzwe ivugurura ry’amategeko mu Rwanda<ref>https://rlrc.gov.rw/index.php?id=82&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=33&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=b1f73b2292999bc93289201b3eb88560</ref><ref>https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Development_Planning_and_Research/Joint_Sector_Review/Backward_Looking_JSRs/2017-18_Backward_Looking_JSRs/2017-2018_BL_JSR_Report_for_JRLO.pdf</ref><ref name=":0" />. Taliki 27 Mata 2018 yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y'ubutabera ([https://www.minijust.gov.rw/news-detail/we-do-not-want-signing-performance-contracts-to-be-taken-as-just-an-event-busingye-johnston Ministry of Justice])<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/223301</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] t2deqtswf7phgo58wbsmc7zw75caio5 0 10478 83352 2022-05-11T18:53:53Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karigirwa Jeanne d'Arc''' ni umunyarwandakazi, umuhimbyi n'[http://agakiza.rw/Dore-ibintu-7-byagufasha-kuba-umuririmbyi-mwiza.html umuririmbyi]<ref>http://agakiza.rw/Dore-ibintu-7-byagufasha-kuba-umuririmbyi-mwiza.html</ref> wagize uruhare runini mwiyayandikwa ry'[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] nyinshi z'ifashishijwe mu gutiza umurindi [https://www.mod.gov.rw/ ingabo] zari ziri ku rugamba rwo kubohora u [[Rwanda]]. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Karigirwa Jeanne d’Arc''' [yavutse mu mwaka wa 1942] mu '''[[Rwanda]]''' mu [[Akarere ka Gakenke|aKarere ka Gakenke]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]]. Akirangiza kwiga [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|abanza]] yahise ajya gukomereza [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|amashuri]] ye yisumbuye i [[Bujumbura]] mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]].Mu 1966 yaje kugaruka mu [[Rwanda]] kubera ko ariho hari ababyeyi be. Bitewe n’[[ubuzima]] bari babayeho bwo gutotezwa, '''Kaligirwa''' yaje gufata umwanzuro wo guhungira mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu 1972. Nyuma y’[[umwaka]] [[Rimwe|umwe]] gusa, mu 1973 yakoresheje uburyo bwose bushoboka akura [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we mu [[Rwanda]] umusanga mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]].<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> == MURI MUZIKA == '''Karigirwa Jeanne d'Arc''' wari ufite impano yo kwandika [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] no kuririmba yafashe ikaramu ye maze yandika [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ayita “[[Rwanda|Rw'''anda''']] '''turanze twanze guhera ishyanga'''” mu mwaka wa 1989. Icyo gihe nibwo yatangiye guhuza abiganjemo [[Umugore|abagore]] n’[[Umugore|inkumi]] muri abo abamenyekanye cyane ni [[Nyiranyamibwa Suzana|Nyiranyamibwa Suzanne]], '''Anonciata Gatera''', umuvandimwe we '''Françoise Ruboneka''', '''Anonciata Kayisire''' n’abandi batandukanye maze bashinga [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|itorero Isamaza]]. Iyo iba imvo n’imvano y’ishingwa ry[[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|’itorero Isamaza]]’ ryari rigamije gutiza umurindi [https://www.mod.gov.rw/ ingabo] z’Inkotanyi<ref>https://www.mod.gov.rw/</ref> no kuzishakira ubufasha bwo kuzishyigikira mu rugamba rwo kubohora [[igihugu]].<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> '''Karigirwa Jeanne d’Arc''' akimenya ko [https://www.tv5monde.com/programmes/fr/programme-tv-inkotanyi/68154/ Inkotanyi]<ref>https://www.tv5monde.com/programmes/fr/programme-tv-inkotanyi/68154/</ref> ziri hafi gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora u [[Rwanda]], yahise yandika indi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] ayita ‘'''Indege irahinda'''’. Iyi ni imwe mu [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] n’uyu [[umunsi]] igikunzwe. Uko urugamba rwokubohora igihugu<ref>https://igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/amafoto-mu-minsi-ya-mbere-y-urugamba-rwo-kubohora-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/tariki-01-ukwakira-1990-twibukiranye-amateka-y-urugamba-rwo-kubohora-u-rwanda</ref> rwarushagaho gukomera ari na ko [https://www.tv5monde.com/programmes/fr/programme-tv-inkotanyi/68154/ Inkotanyi]<ref>https://www.tv5monde.com/programmes/fr/programme-tv-inkotanyi/68154/</ref> zigenda zifata ibice bimwe na bimwe by’[[igihugu]], '''Kaligirwa''' yakoze izindi [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] [[Kabiri|ebyiri]] ari zo '''Turaje na Girubuntu'''. Abari bagize [[Umuziki gakondo w'u Rwanda|Itorero Isamaza]] bakomeje gukora ibitaramo byinshi mu [[Igihugu|bihugu]] bitandukanye mu rwego rwo gukusanya inkunga yo gufasha inkotanyi ku rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/tariki-01-ukwakira-1990-twibukiranye-amateka-y-urugamba-rwo-kubohora-u-rwanda</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/amafoto-mu-minsi-ya-mbere-y-urugamba-rwo-kubohora-u-rwanda</ref> Izindi ndirimbo baririmbye zigakundwa cyane harimo ‘'''Nimuberwe bakobwa''', '''Nimucyure inganji''', '''Dore ijoro ryiza''', '''Ntituzabibagirwa'''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faOIchMA--k</ref> '''Uraho [[Rwanda]]''' n’izindi nyinshi zitandukanye zikaba zaranditswe na [[Nyiranyamibwa Suzana|Nyiranyamibwa]].<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-nyiranyamibwa-yaje-gutura-i-kigali-nyuma-y-imyaka-40-aba-mu-mahanga?fbclid=IwAR2f-KVFgmLRJZ3oshzGkpQXaW6OJyarqUbLfGC7HqOOOvvH4Da-lO8dd4M</ref> == UMURAGE YASIZE == '''Karigirwa Jeanne d’Arc''' yaje kwitaba [[Imana]] muri [[Kamena]] mu [[Imyaka|mwaka]] wa 1998, azize uburwayi busanzwe aguye i [[burayi]] mu [[Ububiligi|bubirigi]]. Yasize [[abana]] batatu barimo umukobwa [[Rimwe|umwe]] n’abahungu [[Kabiri|babiri]]. Abo [[Abana|bana]] baje kujya mu itorero AMAREBE N’IMENA mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ikiganiro-na-isimbi-wasimbije-imitima-y-abakunda-imbyino-za-kinyarwanda-mu-ndirimbo-tarihinda-ya-kayirebwa</ref>. Iri torero na ryo rikaba ryaragize uruhare rukomeye mu gutiza umurindi [https://www.mod.gov.rw/ ingabo] [https://www.mod.gov.rw/ z’Inkotanyi] zari ku rugamba rwo kubohora [[igihugu]] babinyujije mu bihangano bakoraga.<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/07/kaligirwa-wanditse-turaje-indege-irahinda-na-girubuntu-zaririmbwe-nitorero-isamaza-ni-muntu-ki/amp/</ref> == Reba == n1qxyenqvfdpch15tk98usytfr08ftt 0 10479 83356 83353 2022-05-11T20:00:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[UWITUZE Solange]] to [[Uwituze Solange]]: Guhindura izina wikitext text/x-wiki Uwituze Solange ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi wavutse 1975 akaba n' umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gusakaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi (Deputy Director General in charge of animal resources research and technology transfer) RAB kuva mu 2018. Yashyizwe mu Nama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u Rwanda ('''[[:en:Rwanda_Development_Board|RDB]]''') mu 2020.<ref>http://kigaliwomen.com/spip.php?article782</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda_Development_Board</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-2</ref> == Amashuri == Ni umufatanyabikorwa washinze ishuri ry'ubumenyi mu Rwanda ('''RAS'''). Afite impamyabumenyi ya PhD na MSc mu bumenyi bw'inyamaswa yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya [https://ku.edu/ Kansas], muri [[Amerika]]. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza muri kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda, mu 2002 aguma muri kaminuza ari umunyamabanga w’amasomo mu ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi. Uwituze azana mubuyobozi bwa '''KCRC (Kigali collaborative research center)''' imyaka 18 yumwuga mwinshi mumashuri makuru yubuhinzi, ubushakashatsi, nimiyoborere yimishinga myinshi.<ref>https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=306</ref> === Amateka n'indimi akunda === Uwituze yavukiye mu Rwanda, yakuriye mu rugo ruvuga cyane igifaransa kandi yifuzaga kuva akiri muto kwiga icyongereza no kwiga muri Amerika, cyane cyane bitewe n'iterambere rya meritokarasi ku bagore bo muri Amerika. Mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994, abantu benshi bo mu muryango we barishwe, barimo se na barumuna be babiri, bituma yiyemeza kugira icyo akora mu buzima bwe kandi afite intego irenze ihohoterwa ryabaye.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze</ref> == Umusanzu we == Uwituze ni Umufatanyabikorwa washinze Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi aho ayoboye igice cy’ubuhinzi n’ibidukikije. Ni umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe ubumenyi mu Ihuriro rikurikira rya Einstein, igikorwa cya Institute of African Science Mathematical Science ('''AIMS''').<ref>https://gender-summit.com/gs14-speakers-b/1923-solange-uwituze</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solange_Uwituze#cite_note-5</ref> == Akazi == Kuva Gicurasi 2018 ni umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubushakashatsi n'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi no gusakaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi (RAB). Yabaye Umuyobozi wa Gahunda y'Ubufatanye no gucunga Ubucuruzi mu Ihuriro rya Kaminuza zo mu Karere mu kongera ubushobozi mu buhinzi ('''RUFORUM''') kuva Mutarama 2017 kugera Mata 2018. Ukwakira 2014 kugera Ukuboza 2016 Yabanje kuba Umuyobozi wa RUFORUM ushinzwe amahugurwa no kwizeza ubuziranenge. Yabaye Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubuhinzi, kaminuza y'u Rwanda (UR)<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Solange-Uwituze</ref>. == Ubuyobozi == Afite uburambe bwimyaka 10 mubuyobozi no gucunga imishinga itandukanye yubaka ubushobozi. Yabaye umuyobozi wumushinga wa gahunda yubuyobozi bwabagore mubuhinzi muri '''[https://www.usaid.gov/rwanda USAID] / HED'''. Yakoze nk'umuyobozi wumushinga wa '''NICHE''' muri '''NUFFIC''' kugirango atezimbere Agroforestry / Amashyamba / Ikigo Cyagura Ubuhinzi muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda '''UR'''. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] 142aai6rqkzessa9xscavvcmuh73ez4 0 10480 83355 83354 2022-05-11T19:59:09Z Endikuemmy 9914 edited wikitext text/x-wiki Umutoni Nathalie ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi ushinzwe Politiki n’Amabwiriza yerekeye Ubuzima muri '''Minisiteri y’Ubuzima /MINISANTE''' Tariki ya 08 Kamena 2015 mu Inama y’Abaminisitiri idasanzwe yateraniye muri Village Urugwiro, iyobowe na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika'''.'''<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/mu-rwanda-hatahuwe-ko-hafi-1-2-mu-baforomo-n-ababyaza-ari-baringa</ref><ref>http://agasaro.com/spip.php?article2168</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535652/</ref><ref>https://nec.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Electoral_acts/Itegeko_ry_amatora_2015.pdf</ref>. Indanganturo [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] jf8e9u3jrtutaa6u87aq2mgx63ne03g 0 10481 83357 2022-05-11T20:00:30Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[UWITUZE Solange]] to [[Uwituze Solange]]: Guhindura izina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Uwituze Solange]] 1zejfh8mb8ai84ezkoreuu7qggqyq69 14 10482 83358 2022-05-11T20:01:38Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Abanyapolitiki ni abayobozi bo mu inzego za leta 5e93o373j8oi5qpt7dwp57i3ajy8mbp 14 10483 83359 2022-05-11T20:02:53Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Ubushakashatsi ni ugushaka amakuru ahagije ku kintu runaka ugamije kwiga no kongera ubumenyi ku icyo. rspktqbjca4ktzkhy6kyj6nrc0xmsog 0 10484 83360 2022-05-11T20:35:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Keza Faith ni umutekinisiye n'umunyapolitike wo mu Rwanda, umuyobozi mukuru wa Irembo Ltd, umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi mu rwego rw'igihugu rushinzwe iterambere ([[:en:Rwanda_Development_Board|RDB]]) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubutegetsi muri Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-1</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-2</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-3</ref>.Yabanje gukora mu kibaya cya [[:en:Silicon_Valley|Silicon]], muri [[:en:California|Califoniya]] nka injeniyeri ya software muri [[:en:Google|Google]], Delpix na [[:en:Oracle_Corporation|Oracle]].<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-:0-4</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-5</ref><ref>https://techcabal.com/2021/07/01/faith-keza-irembo-digitise-rwanda/</ref> == Amashuri == Mu 2007, ku myaka 15, Keza yinjiye mu kigo gicumbikira abanyeshuri cya [[:en:Gordonstoun_School|Gordonstoun]] i [[:en:Moray|Moray]], muri [[:en:Scotland|scotland]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Keza#cite_note-6</ref>. Afite Impamyabumenyi ya siyanse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://africanshapers.com/rwanda-faith-keza-26ans-experte-des-tic-nommee-au-ca-du-rwanda-development-board/</ref> == Akazi == Faith Keza yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w'agateganyo wa Rwanda Online, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ikora gahunda za e-guverinoma, harimo n’urubuga ruzwi cyane kuri interineti, Irembo, kuri ubu rutanga serivisi za leta zirenga 80.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/faith-keza-takes-charge-rwandaonline</ref>Keza kandi yicaye ku buyobozi bwa Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR).<ref>https://www.wikimzansi.com/ms-keza-faith/</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] c6p7f1lgopv7zhmprabk9uooxqahoje 0 10485 83361 2022-05-11T20:59:50Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwanda kazi w'umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center ('''KCRC'''). Ni inzobere mu itumanaho no gucunga imishinga. afite ubuhanga muri Microsoft Excel, Serivisi zabakiriya , Ijambo rya Microsoft, Igenamigambi, hamwe na Microsoft Office<ref>https://www.kcrc.rw/?page_id=343</ref>.<ref>https://www.zoominfo.com/p/Sonia-Umwari/2382360237</ref> == Amashuri == Sonia Umwari afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri muri Computer Science yavanye muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, afite uburambe bunini mu micungire yimishinga, itumanaho, kwamamaza no gutegura ibirori. == Akazi == Afite uburambe bwimyaka 5 mugushyira mubikorwa imishinga itandukanye nko muri ICT, Imari, Kongera ubushobozi bwurubyiruko nubuhinzi. Ni umuhuzabikorwa w'umushinga muri Kigali Collaborative Research Center ('''KCRC''') == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 817u78fuaqmjdqw1hcb8xtx3zmo7z81 0 10486 83362 2022-05-12T04:49:21Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Uwingeneye Joyeuse ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi mukuru w' ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amasoko mu [[Rwanda]] (RPPA). Mbere yo kwinjira muri RPPA, Joyeuse yagiye akora imyanya itandukanye mu Nama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda ndetse no mu bikorera kuva mu 2008. Ni umwe mu bagize inama y’inzego za Leta 2 kandi afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amabanki n’imari (Politiki y’imari y’imari) ) na Bachelor of Economics.<ref>https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/uwingeneye-joyeuse</ref><ref>https://rppa.gov.rw/index.php?id=558</ref><ref>http://isangostar.rw/spip.php?page=article&id_article=3813</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/private-sector-seeks-review-public-procurement-laws</ref> == Amateka == UWINGENEYE Joyeuse ni Umuyobozi Mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya Leta mu Rwanda, Urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa byashinzwe kugenzura imitunganyirize, isesengura n’ubugenzuzi mu bijyanye n’amasoko ya Leta no kugira inama Guverinoma n’inzego zose zitanga amasoko ya Leta kuri politiki n'ingamba mu bijyanye no gutunganya imitunganyirize y'amasoko ya Leta<ref>https://www.apollo.io/people/Uwingeneye/Joyeuse/54a534aa7468692fa267d885</ref><ref>https://rdb.rw/contracts/UMUBANO_INDUSTRY.pdf</ref><ref>https://ewsdata.rightsindevelopment.org/files/documents/77/WB-P176477_e8NHe0a.pdf</ref> Mu ijambo rye mu Ihuriro rya 13 ryo gutanga amasoko muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ryabereye mu Rwanda Madamu Joyeuse yagize ati "COVID-19 yabaye umusemburo w'amasoko yihutirwa. Icyorezo cyaduhatiye gufata icyemezo runaka ku byemezo bimwe na bimwe. Hamwe n'ihuriro rishinzwe gutanga amasoko muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAPF), tuzashobora kuganira ku bibazo bijyanye n'amasoko ya Leta, ndetse tunabashe gufata imyanzuro ifatika ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku murenge wacu".<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/04/featured-rwanda-to-host-13th-east-african-procurement-forum/</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RPPA-yasabye-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-kurangwa-nubunyangamugayo</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RPPA-yasabye-ba-rwiyemezamirimo-kurangwa-nubunyangamugayo</ref><ref>https://www.kigali.mofa.go.ug/data-dnews-265-EXECUTIVE-DIRECTOR-OF-PUBLIC-PROCUREMENT-AND-DISPOSAL-OF-PUBLIC-ASSETS-(PPDA)-MR.-BENSON-TUMURAMYE-RECEIVING-THE-MANTLE-FOR-ORGANIZING-THE-14TH-EAPF-SCHEDULED-FOR-2022-IN-UGANDA..html</ref> == Amashuri == Uwingeneye Joyeuse yize ikiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri makuru mu masomo y'ubukungu yabonye 2002-2007 muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]], yakomereje amasomo ye muri kaminuza ya [[kenya]] yigisha ibijyanye nimicungire n'umutungo w'amafaranga ([https://www.mu.ac.ke/ Moi university]/ [https://ksms.or.ke/ Kenya school of monetary studies)] aho yavanye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri banki n’imari, politiki y’imari 2011-2013 (Masters in banking and finance, financial sector policy).<ref>https://appn-racop.org/professionalization-of-public-procurement-and-capacity-building-uwingeneye-joyeuse-presents-rwandas-experiences/</ref> == Akazi == Uwingeneye Joyeuse kuva 2008-2011 yabaye Umuyobozi w'ishami rya '''UMWALIMU SACCO RWANDA.''' Yabaye Umusesenguzi wo Kwamamaza mu ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (RDB) Mutarama 2019 - Nyakanga 2019. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] 3dlzph9pshg5nqvzeziyt3j026wo909 0 10487 83366 2022-05-12T08:19:49Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Huss Monique ni [https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyiciro-bishya-by-ubudehe-bigiye-gutangazwa umuyobozi mukuru]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyiciro-bishya-by-ubudehe-bigiye-gutangazwa</ref> ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri MINALOC kandi ashizwe [https://muhabura.rw/rwanda-kugeza-ubu-igikorwa-cyo-gushyira-abanyarwanda-bose-mu-byiciro-byubudehe-cyamaze-kurangira/ iterambere ry'icyaro]<ref>https://muhabura.rw/rwanda-kugeza-ubu-igikorwa-cyo-gushyira-abanyarwanda-bose-mu-byiciro-byubudehe-cyamaze-kurangira/</ref> n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage. == Reba aha == 0gyku44szu3mt6529rrujyqybxsqgnn 0 10488 83367 2022-05-12T08:29:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwiringira Marie Josee ni [https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/akarere-ka-kamonyi-kahawe-amavomo-n-ibiribwa-bigenewe-abana-bagwingiye umuyobozi w'ungirije]<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/akarere-ka-kamonyi-kahawe-amavomo-n-ibiribwa-bigenewe-abana-bagwingiye</ref> w'akarere ka kamonyi ushizwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage. == Reba aha == gibo438pldl70fnayoqssc28i098yn9 0 10489 83368 2022-05-12T08:44:16Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Agasaro Sandrine ni umunyarwandakazi wamamaye kwizina rya [https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/abanyarwandakazi-5-b-ibyamamare-benshi-baziko-ari-abakobwa-nyamara-barabyaye Sacha kate]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/abanyarwandakazi-5-b-ibyamamare-benshi-baziko-ari-abakobwa-nyamara-barabyaye</ref>, akaba yaranamenyekanye cyane kubera kujya mumashusho y'indirimbo zitadukanye nka Saa moya ya Bruce Melody, akaba kandi [https://www.showbizuganda.com/photos-agasaro-sandrine-rwandas-stunning-socialite/ yaranamenyekanye]<ref>https://www.showbizuganda.com/photos-agasaro-sandrine-rwandas-stunning-socialite/</ref> nkumwe mu bafite iduka ry'imyenda yambika rya mbika ibyamamare bitadukanye mu Rwanda. == Reba aha == 0ush7bghd5su3czurzgq61zaungo18v 0 10490 83373 2022-05-12T10:27:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' ni umwe mu banyamideli bamaze kubaka izina mu [[Rwanda]] kuko yatangiye gukorana n’[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] z’imideli zikomeye ku ruhando mpuzamahanga ndetse yari no muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2021]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/missrwanda2021-kayitare-isheja-morella-yahize-abandi-mu-irushanwa-rya-siporo</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' [wavutse muri 2003]<ref>https://web.facebook.com/igihe/posts/umunyamidekazi-wimyaka-16-isheja-morella-usanzwe-abarizwa-mu-ishuri-ryigisha-iby/10157166326902114/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> ni umunyarwndakazi w'umunyamideli wiga mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa gatanu w’[[Amashuli mu Rwanda|amashuri]] [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|yisumbuye]] muri [[Lycée de Kigali]], asanzwe abarizwa mu [[ishuri]] ryigisha ibyo kumurika imideli rya [http://golden-models.com/ Golden Models]<ref>https://www.instagram.com/agencjagoldenmodels/</ref> riyoborwa na [https://www.instagram.com/kabano.franco/ Franco Kabano]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113324/franco-kabano-yavuze-ku-banyamideli-bagiye-kohereza-i-burayi-nuburyo-abaherukayo-bahiriwe--113324.html</ref> ari nawe wamufashije kubona aya [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera|masezerano]].<ref>https://m.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/isheja-w-imyaka-16-yasinyanye-amasezerano-n-ibigo-bikomeye-mu-bijyanye-n</ref> == Imideli == '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' Ku wa 24 [[Mutarama]] 2022, ni bwo inzozi ze zabaye impamo ubwo yitabiraga [https://hautecouture.fhcm.paris/en/ Paris Fashion Week Haute Couture]<ref>https://hautecouture.fhcm.paris/en/</ref><ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/m-le-mag/article/2022/01/28/a-paris-la-haute-couture-rallume-la-flamme_6111363_4500055.html</ref>. Icyo [[Igiherero|gihe]] yabaye [[Rimwe|umwe]] mu banyamideli bamuritse imyambaro yakozwe n’[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|Inzu]] ifite izina ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru, Dior. [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref> ni [[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] y’imideli y’[[Ubufaransa|Abafaransa]] iri mu zikomeye cyane ku [[Isi]] imenyerewe mu gukora imyenda, inkweto, ibikapu, amasakoshi y’[[Umugore|abagore]], [[Umuravumba|imibavu]] n’ibindi.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/abaguze-inkweto-za-uzuri-k-y-bishimiye-ishema-ihesha-ibyakorewe-mu-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.rsb.gov.rw/index.php?id=187</ref><ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/product/507/inkweto-nziza-cyane-zabakobwa-nabagore-ku-mafaranga-make-cyane</ref><ref>https://mucuruzi.com/inkweto-ya-nike-igurishwa-35000frw/</ref><ref>https://qz.com/africa/1624510/the-made-in-rwanda-policy-is-boosting-kigalis-fashion-sector/</ref>. Mu kiganiro n' IGIHE '''Isheja''' yavuze ko yanejejwe no kuba yamuritse imyenda ya [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref> kuko yabyifuje kenshi ariko ntabone ayo mahirwe. Ati “Ndishimye cyane! Nifuje gukorana na [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref> kuva kera. Mu 2020 nahuye n’itsinda ryabo rishinzwe guhitamo abo bakorana ariko nari nkiri [[Umwana|muto]] cyane ntibyakunda. “Mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] ushize nari ndi i [[Burayi]] ngiye muri [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref> nabwo nagombaga no kuba mu bamurika ariko byasubitswe ku [[Umunsi|munsi]] wa nyuma nsigarana amahirwe yo kuzamurika iyo bakoze yo ku rwego rwo hejuru ubu ni byo nakoze.” Uyu [[Umwana|mukobwa]] asanzwe akorana n’[[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|Ikigo]] WEBEST MODEL MANAGEMENT<ref>https://www.instagram.com/webestmodels/</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/isheja-for-world-fashion-shows.html</ref><ref>https://www.artsglo.com/2021/06/07/uwase-signed-by-international-model-agency/</ref> gicunga abanyamideli batandukanye mu [[Rwanda]] ari nacyo cyamufashije guhura n’ibi [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|bigo]] bikomeye birimo [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref> bagiye gukomeza gukorana. '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' wanitabiriye [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyaminga]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2021]] amaze kubaka izina mu kumurika imideli ku ruhando mpuzamahanga kuko yitabiriye Paris Fashion Week<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week</ref> ndetse akorana n’[[Inzu ndangamurage y'Umwami|inzu]] z’imideli zikomeye nka [https://www.dior.com/en_int Dior]<ref>https://www.dior.com/en_int</ref>, [https://www.courreges.com/us Courrèges]<ref>https://www.courreges.com/us</ref> n’izindi. uretse mu mahanga Isheja Morella yakoze mu bitaramo by'imideli byinshi bitandukanye mu rwanda harimo nka collective Rwanda no mu yitwa Africa Fashion Alive yari yanitabiriye na Naomie Campbell.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113566/ibyingenzi-kuri-isheja-morella-uri-guca-ibintu-mu-kumurika-imideli-wamaze-kugera-i-paris-a-113566.html</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/isheja-morella</ref><ref>https://www.pressreader.com/</ref> == Nyampinga == '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' wari mu bakobwa uko ari 20, bagabanyijwe mu matsinda atanu y’abakobwa bane, aba bararushanyijwe buri tsinda ritanga uwa mbere wagiye mu cyiciro cya nyuma. Batanu bageze ku cyiciro cya nyuma ni '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' nabandi Uwase Phiona, Umutesi Lea, Kayirebwa Marie Paul na Musana Teta Hense. Irushanwa rya siporo ryatsinzwe na '''Kayitare Isheja Morella''' wahize abandi yegukana atyo challenge ya mbere yatanzwe muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2021]]. Irushanwa rya siporo ryateguwe rinakoreshwa n’umutoza w’aba bakobwa ariwe Girumugisha Gaël usanzwe unabakoresha imyitozo ngororamubiri muri boot camp [<nowiki/>[[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|2021]]].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/missrwanda2021-kayitare-isheja-morella-yahize-abandi-mu-irushanwa-rya-siporo</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/five-promising-female-models-watch-2022</ref><ref>https://www.africannewspaper.net/2022/01/10/five-promising-female-models-to-watch-in-2022/</ref> == Reba == 9mdn5li6cgm40s1a2ol1niplgsvqy5x 0 10491 83377 83376 2022-05-12T11:39:16Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Munyana Chantal.jpg|thumb|Munyana]] '''Umunyana Chantal''' (Wavutse 1991) washinze akaba nuyobora umuyobozi wa Umubyeyi Elevate. Umubiriye Elevate Ltd.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/medical-student-leverages-tech-revolutionise-maternal-health</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Umunyana yavukiye mukarere ka kamonyi akaba ari pfura mubana biwabo . Munyana afite umugabo numwana wimyaka itatu .Umunyana Chantal Yasoje Amashuri ye muri kaminuza nkuru akaba ariwe washinze kandi akanayobora Umubyeyi Elevate.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/medical-student-leverages-tech-revolutionise-maternal-health</ref> Umubyeyi Elevate Ltd nubucuruzi bwikoranabuhanga ryubuzima kubabyeyi bakiri bato, abagore batwite, abashaka kuba ababyeyi, nurubyiruko, bigamije kugabanya indwara nimpfu ziterwa no gutwita no kubyara kubera ubumenyi buke ninkunga ikomeye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/how-lockdown-pushed-one-woman-create-motherhood-guide</ref> == Umwuga == Chantal yize Ubuganga muri kaminuza nkuru yu [[Rwanda]] akaba yanshoje mwishuri Rikuru ry’Abagore Ba Rwiyemezamirimo (AWE),rifite gahunda yo kongerera ubushobozi abagore ikorwa na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Leta ishinzwe uburezi n’umuco.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/how-lockdown-pushed-one-woman-create-motherhood-guide</ref> == Inama == Umuntu wese agomba gufata neza ubuzima bwe. Ku bijyanye n'ababyeyi, ibi bigomba gushimangirwa, kubera ko ubuzima bwabo bugira ingaruka no ku bana babyaye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/medical-student-leverages-tech-revolutionise-maternal-health</ref> Binyuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga abagore bashobora kugera ku mbuga zitandukanye, harimo na Umubaye Elevate, zitanga amakuru ajyanye n'ubuzima, iyo akoreshejwe neza, bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwiza bugera ku babyeyi ndetse no ku rubyaro rwabo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/how-lockdown-pushed-one-woman-create-motherhood-guide</ref> == Ibihembo == * Chantal yahawe igihembo na ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato kwihangira imirimo na Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco mu Rwanda ndetse n’igihembo cy’Afurika Young Innovators for Health Award.<ref>https://www.wiredupstories.com/post/marie-chantal-umunyana-rwandese</ref> * Yahawe igihembo na (IFPMA) hamwe na Speak Up Africa binyuze muri Women Innovators for Health Awards <ref>https://www.wiredupstories.com/post/marie-chantal-umunyana-rwandese</ref> === Ibindi wareba === '''Umubyeyi Elavate''' :Umubyeyi Elevate 'yatangijwe ku mugaragaro mu Gushyingo 2020. Kuva icyo gihe yatsindiye ikigega cya Young Resilient Fund 2021, yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa 15 muri Afurika Young Innovators for Health 2021, kandi yari mu bagore batatu bahanga udushya twatsindiye igihembo ndetse n'ubujyanama ku buntu. Umunyana na we yagiye muri Isiraheli mubice 20 byashinzwe gutangiza.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/how-lockdown-pushed-one-woman-create-motherhood-guide</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/medical-student-leverages-tech-revolutionise-maternal-health</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] 7i1qrrfpipzge2siko57sz9ieybdb3y 0 10492 83588 83379 2022-05-14T19:15:21Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chantal Ujeneza''' (Wavutse 20 ukuboza mu 19670 ) Ni umwe mu basirikare bakuru b’abategarugori mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-dcg-ujeneza-umugore-ufite-ipeti-rikomeye-umaze-imyaka-30-mu</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Chantal Ujeneza Numubyeyi wabana babari <ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-dcg-ujeneza-umugore-ufite-ipeti-rikomeye-umaze-imyaka-30-mu</ref> == Amateka == Chantal Ujeneza yinjiye mu gisirikare mu 1988 akiri umukobwa muto. Indoto ze ku ikubitiro ntizari ukuba umusirikare ukomeye ahubwo yashakaga ko amasomo ya gisirikare yamufasha kwiga akaminuza.avugako bitari byoroshye kuri we muri kiriya gihe, kuko ababyeyi be batumvikanaga ku bijyanye no kuba yajya mu gisirikare dore ko mu bantu hari hakiri imyumvire ivuga ko imirimo nk’iyo itagenewe abakobwa.<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-dcg-ujeneza-umugore-ufite-ipeti-rikomeye-umaze-imyaka-30-mu</ref> == Umwuga == Shantal yize amashuri yose harimo nakaminuza yize ‘Sociologie.’muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]] yArangije yakoze amasomo menshi atandukanye hafi ya yose ajyanye n’igisirikare irya nyuma akaba yararikoze mu 2015 rizwi nka ‘senior command’.Chnatak Yatanze urugero rw’ubutumwa bw’akazi yagiyemo i Darfur mu 2008 .<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/special-pages/womens-month/inkuru/article/urugendo-rwa-dcg-ujeneza-umugore-ufite-ipeti-rikomeye-umaze-imyaka-30-mu</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] fclw17a5146iimm62gozr1cpq6sf97x 0 10493 83385 83384 2022-05-12T14:03:53Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Umuhoza Emma.jpg|thumb|Umuhoza Emma]] Umuhoza Emma Pascaline (wavutse 17 gashyantare mu 2003 ) Akaba arumunyamideli Ukomeye mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/1358/missrwanda2022-ikimero-nuburanga-bya-emma-pascaline-wabonye-itike-yo-guhatanira-ikamba</ref> == Ubuzimwa bwite == Umuhoza Emma Pascaline numunyamideli ukomeye cyane aho yamamriza amacampanyi agiye atandukanye .Emma yitabiriye Irushanwa rya Nyaminga Wu [[Rwanda]] 2022 aho yarari mubakobwa bafite uburanga nubwenge yakomeje muri 20 bagiye mumwiherero ndetse yongera kuboneka muri 10 .Emma yaitabiriye amarushanwa yaba miss agiye atandukanye nka Miss Earth Rwanda 2021 .<ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/1358/missrwanda2022-ikimero-nuburanga-bya-emma-pascaline-wabonye-itike-yo-guhatanira-ikamba</ref> == Umwuga == Umuhoza numunyamidel muri campany yashinzwe na Mikky Jones Wilfred ya MJW Model Management akaba akora muri Kigali Protocal iri muri kompanyi zikomeye muzitanga serivisi za Protocol mu Rwanda kugeza ubu yanamaze gukatisha itike yo kuzahatana mu bihembo nyafurika bya Zikomo Awards.<ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/1358/missrwanda2022-ikimero-nuburanga-bya-emma-pascaline-wabonye-itike-yo-guhatanira-ikamba</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 9l46rn60x490rcuk8mm4l5ve88wnqi5 0 10494 83386 2022-05-12T14:13:04Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabelle Kamariza''' ni umuyobozi w'ikigo cyidaharanira inyungu cyitwa Solid Africa<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/26350</ref>gikorera cyane cyane mu bitaro bya Kaminuza bya [[Kigali]] CHUK ndetse nahandi<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/isabelle-kamariza-yahembwe-n-umwamikazi-w-u-bwongereza-ku-bwo-kwita-ku-barwayi</ref>, akaba yarize ibijyanye n'amategeko mu [[Bubiligi]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/why-kamariza-ditched-her-law-degree-take-care-vulnerable-patients</ref> == Ibihembo == Isabelle yahembwe n'imbuto foundation yashinzwe na [[Jeannette Kagame]] muri 2014, isabelle kandi yahembwe na Forbes nk'umugore wumuny'Africa wagize impinduka muri sosiyete muri 2021.<ref>https://www.segalfamilyfoundation.org/portfolio-items/isabelle-kamariza/</ref> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] rigghtm22ddgg6agbfn8lubwh9fgski 0 10495 83389 83388 2022-05-12T15:19:15Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mugabekazi.jpg|thumb|Mugabekazi]] Queen Ndahiro Mugabekazi (Wavutse 2003 ) akaba Nyaminga wifotoje kurusha abandi 2022<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/night-divine-muheto-took-miss-rwanda-2022-crown-home</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uyu-mwana-yaba-aryoshye-mu-buriri-mugabekazi-uri-muri-miss-rwanda-wagarutse-ku-ihohoterwa-yagiye-akorerwa-amafoto</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Queen Ndahiro Mugabekazi yavutse tariki ya 8 Nzeri 2002 avukira mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu Karere ka Kicukiro, ni umuhererezi mu muryango w’abana 3, imfura iwabo ni umukobwa n’aho ubuheta bukaba umuhungu. Afite ababyeyi bose (Papa na Mama ) . <ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uyu-mwana-yaba-aryoshye-mu-buriri-mugabekazi-uri-muri-miss-rwanda-wagarutse-ku-ihohoterwa-yagiye-akorerwa-amafoto</ref>Ndahiro amashuri abanza yayize i Nyandungu kwa Hadji, icyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye (O Level) yacyize Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux ni mu gihe icyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye (A Level) yacyize Lycée de Kigali aho yize PCB (Physics, Chemistry and Biology).<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uyu-mwana-yaba-aryoshye-mu-buriri-mugabekazi-uri-muri-miss-rwanda-wagarutse-ku-ihohoterwa-yagiye-akorerwa-amafoto</ref>. == Ibihembo == Ndahiro yabaye umukobwa wahize abandi mukwifotoza muri miss 2022 . Aho Yahawe igihembo cyamafaranga 2, 400, 000 yatanzwe na Diamond Smile Dental Clinic, IGIHE, Forzza Gaming na Smart Design muri miss Rwanda 2022.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/night-divine-muheto-took-miss-rwanda-2022-crown-home</ref> == Umushinga == Queen Ndahiro Mugabekazi Afite umushinga Kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gutandukanya igitsina gore.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/miss-rwanda-2022-meet-19-finalists</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/night-divine-muheto-took-miss-rwanda-2022-crown-home</ref> === '''Referances''' === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Africa]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] qoxhq1bvwylj4jt47oc8avdec6nkn6d 0 10496 83396 2022-05-12T17:01:53Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kazeneza Marie Merci ('''wavutse mu 1997 ) Numunyeshuri muri kaminuza muri Tourism Travelling and Management<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kazeneza-wabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-muri-miss-utb-ari-guhatana-muri-miss-rwanda</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kazeneza-wabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-muri-miss-utb-ari-guhatana-muri-miss-rwanda</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == kaneza n' umukobwa w’imyaka 25 uvuka i Rubavu ari ariko uba i Kigali ku mpamvu z’akazi ,Nishuri , yarangije kaminuza muri Tourism Travelling and Management.Uyu mukobwa yitabiriye irushanwa Rya Nyaminga wu Rwanda 2022 akaba yarafite umushinga w’Uburezi aho yashinze urubuga rwo abantu bazajya bigiraho batavuye mu rugo ariko banidagadura.<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ubwiza-n-ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakobwa-5-banikiriye-abandi-mu-majwi-muri-miss-rwanda-amafoto</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kazeneza-wabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-muri-miss-utb-ari-guhatana-muri-miss-rwanda</ref> Kazeneza Marie Merci yabaye Igisonga cya mbere mu irushanwa ry’ubwiza ryahuje abakobwa biga muri Kaminuza y’Ubukerarugendo mu 2016 (Miss UTB) akanegukana ikamba ry’uzi kwifotoza neza kurusha abandi, ari guhatanira ikamba rya Miss Rwanda.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kazeneza-wabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-muri-miss-utb-ari-guhatana-muri-miss-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ubwiza-n-ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakobwa-5-banikiriye-abandi-mu-majwi-muri-miss-rwanda-amafoto</ref> == Ibihembo == '''Kazeneza Marie Merci y'''atsindiye ikamba ry’umukobwa wahize abandi mu kwifotoza muri kaminuza muri Tourism Travelling and Management<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kazeneza-wabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-muri-miss-utb-ari-guhatana-muri-miss-rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ubwiza-n-ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakobwa-5-banikiriye-abandi-mu-majwi-muri-miss-rwanda-amafoto</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] g28y29dkj51ng7mqhokl6xzrbeg998y 0 10497 83397 2022-05-12T17:51:57Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ruzindana.jpg|thumb|Ruzindana Kellia ]] Ruzindana Kelia (wavutse 2004) ikamba rya Nyampinga w’Umurage '''('''miss Hertage 2022)<ref>https://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/irebere-ibisubizo-bya-kelia-ruzindana-wayoboye-abandi-mu-bice-byose-by-amajwi-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-video</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Ruzindana Kelia  Afite myaka 18 yavukiye mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu karere ka Nyarugenge .Kelia numukobwa wakuze azu bwenge .yasoje amashuri yisumbuye umwaka ushize wa 2021 muri St Andre, akaba yarize MPG (Mathematics, Physics and Geography) akaba yaranujuje ikizami cya Leta gisoza amashuri yisumbuye.<ref>https://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/irebere-ibisubizo-bya-kelia-ruzindana-wayoboye-abandi-mu-bice-byose-by-amajwi-muri-miss-rwanda-2022-video</ref> yize amashuri abanza kutunyenyeri Igikondo ayisumbuye yose akaba yarazize mukigo cyimwe aricyo St Andre.<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/reba-uburanga-bwa-ruzindana-kelia-wimyaka-18-uyoboye-abandi-bakobwa-mukugira-amajwi-menshi-muri-miss-rwanda-2022amafoto/</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/ubwiza-n-ibyo-wamenya-ku-bakobwa-5-banikiriye-abandi-mu-majwi-muri-miss-rwanda-amafoto</ref> Kelia akaba yarafite umushinga ujyanye no gukurikirana abana bafite ibibazo batewe n’amakimbirane yo mu muryango aho usanga hari na bamwe byashoye mu kunywa ibiyobyabwenge.<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/reba-uburanga-bwa-ruzindana-kelia-wimyaka-18-uyoboye-abandi-bakobwa-mukugira-amajwi-menshi-muri-miss-rwanda-2022amafoto/</ref> == Ibihembo == Ruzindana Kelia yahawe igihembo cyamafaranga 5 000 000 kuva Bralirwa unyuze kumurongo wa Primus ndetse no gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kumenyekanisha umuco muri Miss Rwanda .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/night-divine-muheto-took-miss-rwanda-2022-crown-home</ref> === Referances === 9epds20fzy45kosivw4kbfhklsn672m 0 10498 83398 2022-05-12T19:58:41Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' umwe mubakinnyi beza usanzwe ari kapiteni w'ikipe ya APR Basketball Club mu cyiciro cy'[[Umugore|abagore]]. == UMWIRONDORO == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' [yavutse ku ya 24 [[Ugushyingo]] 1989] mu [[Umurenge wa Gasaka|uMurenge wa Gasaka]], mu [[akarere ka Nyamagabe]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|iNtara y'Amajyepfo]], '''Umugwaneza''' ni we wenyine warokotse mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] w'[[abana]] kane - [[Umwana|abakobwa]] batatu n'umuhungu [[Rimwe|umwe]]. Ababyeyi be '''Aaron Mazuru''' na '''Susan Mukagahima''' na barumuna be bose bishwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|1994]] yahitanye [[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] barenga miliyoni, '''Umugwaneza''' yarezwe na nyirasenge.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref> == AMASOMO YIZE == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Yize muri rwunge rwa mashuri rwa Gasaka mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|akarere]] avukamo [[Amashuli mu Rwanda|amashuri]] abanza mbere yo kwinjira muri Groupe Scholaire Notre dAme de la Paix Cyanika<ref>https://mopawa.com/groupe-scolaire-notre-dame-de-la-paix-cyanika-gsndp-application-admission-courses-contacts-fees/</ref><ref>https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/8641-groupe-scolaire-notre-dame-de-la-paix-cyanika-gsndp.aspx</ref> nayo iherereye mu [[akarere ka Nyamagabe]] yiga mu cyiciro rugange [tronc Common O' level] kugira ngo yige bisanzwe. Ku rwego rwa masomo y'isumbuye, yinjiye muri College Saint Emmanuel de Hanika mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|aKarere ka Nyanza]] aho yize ibaruramari arangiza muri 2009. Mu [[umwaka]] wa 2010, yinjiye muri [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|ya Lay]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|Adventiste]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|ya Kigali]] [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|(INILAK)]] akurikirana impamyabumenyi yi cyijiro cya mbere mu icungamari maze arangiza muri 2014. Nyuma yo kurangiza, '''Umugwaneza''' yakoranye namasosiyete menshi arimo [https://www.mtn.co.rw/ MTN Rwanda] nkumucungamari. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref>Umugwaneza, ufite uburebure bwa 1.95mh n'uburemere bw'ibiro 80, akaba ari umwe mu bakinnyi bakina hagati basketball y'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] neza.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' ari mu bihumbi by’[[abana]] basigaye badafite ababyeyi kandi batagira aho baba kubera [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|jenocide]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|yakorewe]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|abatutsi]] [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|mu 1994]], bivuze ko atigeze agira amahirwe yo kubona urukundo n'ubwuzu bw'ababyeyi be. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'ababyeyi be na barumuna be,narenzwe na masenge,'''Immaculee Mukamusonera'''. Mvugishije ukuri ubwana bwanjye cyari igihe kitoroshye. kuba narabuze umuryango wanjye nkiri muto cyane, nahatiwe gufata ibyo nahawe byose kandi ngomba kwiga byinshi nkiri muto, '''Umugwaneza''' agira ati: “Umuryango wa masenge ni umuryango wegamiye ku idini nahawe uburere no gusenga nyamara nkiri muto nakundaga gukina umupira ariko masenge abyanga. nabwiye masenge kumugaragaro andeke kurikize ibyo nkunda kuva nkiri muto, kubwamahirwe, yanteze amatwi arabyemera. Kuva uwo munsi, natangiye gukina umupira ntatinya ingaruka.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> == Umwuga == === Umupira w'amaboko === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Nari umukinnyi w'ingenzi muri College Saint Emmanuel de Hanika. Urebye uburebure bwanjye nogukunda siporo, mwarimu wimikino yacu yangiriye inama yo kugerageza basketball, anyemeza ko mfite imico yo kuzaba umukinnyi mwiza wa basketball kandi niko nahisemo gukina basketball, Yanyigishije iby'ibanze, uburyo bwo kwiruka n'umupira mpita mbimenya vuba. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike, niswe izina mu ikipe y'[[ishuri]]. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2009, yatoranijwe kuba mu ikipe ya Basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]] ya [[akarere ka Nyanza]] yitabiriye “Imiyoborere Cup Cup” - iyi kipe yageze ku mukino wa nyuma w'[[igihugu]] ariko itsindwa na [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]. Muri iryo rushanwa niho '''Charles Mushumba''', umutoza mukuru wa [[IPRC Huye|IPRC-Amajyepfo]], icyo gihe akaba yaratozaga ikipe y’[[Umugore|abagore]] yahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru y’u]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Rwanda]] [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|(NUR),]] yaramubonye maze amwemeza ko yinjira mu ikipe ye, ari yo yarushanwaga mu [[Umugore|bagore]] b’[[igihugu]]. Yaje kandi kuganira na masenge maze ntangira kuva i [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] kugera [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] buri munsi kugira ngo nitoze, amezi atatu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202103310232.html</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/qualifiers/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza#tab=stats,career_stats</ref><ref>https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza/Rwanda/APR-BBC-Kigali/281280?Women=1</ref> === Kubaka umwuga === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' ubwo yitabiraga urishannya rya Zone V yabereye i Kampala yashimishije umutoza mukuru wa APR, '''Charles Mbazumutima'''.Inyungu za APR zahuriranye n’uko '''Umugwaneza''' yimukiye i [[Kigali]] aho yagombaga gutangira [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] ya [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|kaminuza]] muri [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|INILAK]], bityo akajya mu ikipe y'igisirikare mu 2010. Ati: Byari bigoye kubona umwanya wo gukina muri APR icyo gihe kuko bari bafite abakinnyi benshi beza kandi b'inararibonye b'abanyamahanga kandi numvaga shaka gukina cyane, ariko umutoza yakomeje kuntera inkunga kandi namaze hafi [[umwaka]] ntinjiye mu ikipe yambere. ikipe kugeza 2011 ubwo club yatangiraga gukoresha abakinnyi ba banyarwanda. iyi ikipe nayibereye kapiteni, nyobora iyi kipe mu ibikombe bitandatu bya shampiyona isanzwe, ibikombe bitandatu bya playoff, bituma iba ikipe yatsinze cyane, yagizwe umukinnyi mwiza wo hagati w[[umwaka]]. '''Umugwaneza''' Hamwe na APR, '''Umugwaneza''' yanitabiriye amarushanwa ya [[Afurika|Afrika]] Zone V Club buri [[Umwaka|mwaka]], abura gusa 2016.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202103310232.html</ref><ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2019/qualifiers/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza#tab=stats,career_stats</ref><ref>https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Charlotte-Umugwaneza/Rwanda/APR-BBC-Kigali/281280?Women=1</ref> === Ibyo ashaka kugeraho === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Agira ati: Nizera ko basketball yampinduye uwo ndiwe uyu munsi kandi sinkeka ko nzareka gukina vuba, kandi ko igihe nzajya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, nizera ko nzakomeza umwuga wo gutoza cyangwa umusifuzi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> === Abo ashimira === '''Umugwaneza Charlotte''' Mbere na mbere, ndashimira [[Imana]] kuba ndi muzima kandi ikampa impano-Ndashimira kandi masenge n'umuryango we, kuba barujuje icyuho cy'ababyeyi banjye mu buzima bwanjye, umutoza '''Musumba''', wambonye bwa mbere kandi ndashimira abo dukorana muri APR, akaba ari umuryango wanjye wa [[kabiri]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/208557</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71490/umugwaneza-charlotte-nyuma-yo-kwitabira-imikino-ya-zone-5-ya-71490.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:APR BBC]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamwuga]] [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] cvikj9hse0pij3hhd4ebtvpg6vzm827 14 10499 83399 2022-05-12T20:08:16Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umukinnyi w'umupira g8i018fbhji5fcr4ejxnogc2qk4e2ae 0 10500 83536 83402 2022-05-14T12:51:21Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali -added info wikitext text/x-wiki Irere Claudette ni umunyamabanga wa Leta muri minisiteri y'[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|uburezi]] ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga , imyuga n'ubumenyingiro.<ref name=":0">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yahinduye-abaminisitiri-batanu-muri-guverinoma</ref> == Amashuri yize == Mu mwaka wa 2012 Irere Claudette yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n' ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] y'u Rwanda, afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu ikoranabuhanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya gikirisitu ya Oklahoma mu wa 2013.<ref>https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/about</ref> == Ibyo yakoze == Irere yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta muri minisiteri y[[Uburezi mu Rwanda|'uburezi]] ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga ,imyuga n'ubumenyangiro guhera ku wa 26 [[Gashyantare]] 2020 ubwo yashyirwagaho na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]]<ref name=":0" />, ariko mbere yaho yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y'ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, yabaye umwe mu bashinze FabLab Rwanda, yabaye ushinzwe imishinga itandukanye mur[http://www.psf.org.rw/ i PSF] Rwanda- ICT Chamber, yabaye kandi umwe mu bayobozi ba Rwanda Online ubu isigaye yitwa Irembo Ltd.<ref>https://www.educaid.be/nl/claudette-irere</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] g0ofvctr0o4sdn2g06m4qd0o6zkpcan 14 10501 83401 2022-05-12T21:03:41Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki ikipe ya Basketball club 861p8p7qpxblgjcv6au04k4q9dma169 14 10502 83403 2022-05-12T21:11:22Z Giseletuy 10890 category creation wikitext text/x-wiki Abagore bafite inshingano muri guverinoma ewcqo2ngzuna8m0vlpu97r3icg8udvt 0 10503 83404 2022-05-12T23:32:24Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Rutagengwa Nadine bakunda kwita "Kendra"ni [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto umukinnyi w'ikipe ya Basketball]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> ya The Hoops Rwanda, ni umwe mu bakobwa bigaragaza neza iyo bari mu kibuga ariko ni mwiza kuburyo ubwiza bwe bukurura benshi. == Imirimo == Rutagengwa Nadine [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero yatangiye gukinira]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> ikipe y'igihugu y'umukino wa Basketball ya bagore guhera mu mwaka 2014 mu mikino y'akarere ka gatanu y'abatarengeje imyaka 18. == Aho yagiye == Nadine [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero yaje kwerekeza]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> muri Botswana nabwo yambaye ibendera ry'u Rwanda mu marushanwa ya Basketball y'abakina ari (3x3). == Reba aha == q2pqzkmt1qmdl7ca2uierllrqpiseun 0 10504 83405 2022-05-12T23:45:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Munezero Valentine ni imwe mu mpano zikiri nto muri [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/i-want-inspire-next-generation-and-coming-volleyball-star-munezero volleyball y'abagore]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/i-want-inspire-next-generation-and-coming-volleyball-star-munezero</ref> mu Rwanda kandi akinira [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/i-want-inspire-next-generation-and-coming-volleyball-star-munezero ikipe ya APR]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/i-want-inspire-next-generation-and-coming-volleyball-star-munezero</ref> y'abagore ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya volleyball. Uyu mukobwa ufite imyaka 21 ya yoboye ikipe yabatarengeje imyaka U-20 y'igihugu kandi mbere yaho yabaye kapiteni w'ikipe ya U-18. == Reba aha == 3g3jrjzxiq35vamv3wm33c86pqrjbet 0 10505 83406 2022-05-12T23:56:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Albertine Uwirigiyemana [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto akinira ikipe]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> ya APR y'abagore mu mukino wa volleyball kandi akaba yari na kapiteni w'ikipe y'igihugu y'abangavu batarengeje imyaka 20 bakaba bagiye kwerekeza [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/volleyball-apr-eyes-top-four-tunis muri Tuniziya]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/volleyball-apr-eyes-top-four-tunis</ref> mu irushanwa rigiye kubabera rya CAVB Africa Club. == Reba aha == bdwyo6v7mxmc0d56mrbexq3rxyw9c8h 0 10506 83407 2022-05-13T00:11:25Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kantore Sandra uzwi kwizina nka Do Me, ni umwe mu bakinnyi b'igitsina gore [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto bakuzwe cyane]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> mu Rwanda. Akinira ikipe ya REG y'abagore y'umukina wa Basketball, ni umunyarwandakazi ariko yakiniye n'ikipe y'igihugu cy'u Burundi. Ubuhanga bwe mu kibuga ndetse n'uburanga bwe byatumye yigarurira imitima y'abatari bake. Mbere yo kunga muri REG WBBC yabaje gukinira ikipe ya APR WBBC aho yanabaye [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/ndizeye-dieudonne-wa-patriots-bbc-na-kantore-sandra-begukanye-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-w-umwaka umukinnyi wahize abandi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/ndizeye-dieudonne-wa-patriots-bbc-na-kantore-sandra-begukanye-igihembo-cy-umukinnyi-w-umwaka</ref> muri shampiyona mu mwaka wa 2018-2019. == Reba aha == c97ii2rko7ld1ideh6vyd2loy3xxqk1 0 10507 83408 2022-05-13T00:18:10Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mutoni Bertille [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto Ni umunyarwandakazi]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> ariko akaba akinira ikipe y'igihugu cy'u Burundi, akinira ikipe ya UVC WVC hano mu Rwanda, ni umwe mu bakobwa bakuzwe bitewe n'imiterere ye. == Reba aha == f42p056vzl28gcijkek5fgedrlf7j1e 0 10508 83409 2022-05-13T00:22:49Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Muhoza Emerence ni umukinnyi wa Basketball [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto akaba akinira ikipe]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> ya The Hoops Rwanda. == Reba aha == od0orm2e79ievu95q3evoycap1ykjjn 0 10509 83410 2022-05-13T00:28:52Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Dusabe Flavia ni umukinnyi w'umunyarwandakazi [https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto ukinira ikipe y'igihugu]<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/uburanga-bwa-bakinnyi-b-abanyarwandakazi-8-bakurura-abagabo-kurusha-abandi-amafoto</ref> ya Volleyball ndetse [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero akinira na APR]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> y'abagore ya Volleyball. == Reba aha == hbxtgpfzis1bjg00476b3jmy5gtbbkl 0 10510 83411 2022-05-13T02:29:29Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Madamu Chantal Habiyakare n'umuyobozi ushinzwe igenzura ningaruka(Audit and Risk) muri [https://www.cvl.co.rw/chantal.html Crystal Ventures Limited.] Mbere yo kwinjira muri Crystal Ventures Limited yakoraga ku imyanya itandukanye haba mu bijyanye n’imari n’ubugenzuzi bw’imbere mu masosiyete atandukanye kandi afite uburambe bunini muri assurance na serivisi z’ubujyanama mu by'imari<ref name=":0">https://www.cvl.co.rw/chantal.html</ref><ref name=":1">https://ngali.com/mrs-chantal-habiyakare/</ref> == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri na dipolome ihanitse mu icungamari yakuye muri kaminuza ya [https://www.concordia.ca/ Concordia] (Montreal, [[Kanada]]). Ni umunyamuryango w'Ikigo cya [[Kanada]] cyemewe cy'abacungamari ba Leta kandi ni umunyamuryango w'Ikigo cy’abacungamari ba Leta cyemewe mu [[Rwanda]] (ICPAR)<ref>https://www.icparwanda.com/members/List_of_CPA_(R)_Members_September_2021.pdf</ref> hamwe nuburambe bwimyaka 15 mu bugenzuzi na serivisi zubujyanama<ref name=":1" /><ref>http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ferwafa-nizeyimana-olivier</ref><ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/06/olivier-na-louis-barahatanira-kuyobora-ferwafa-hanemejwe-buri-wese-nabo-azakorana-na-bo/</ref> == Akazi == Chantal numuyobozi mukuru wimari ufite uburambe bwimyaka 18 itanga ubugenzuzi, ingamba, imari, hamwe nubuyobozi bwibikorwa mumiryango nkigice cyubuyobozi cyangwa amatsinda yo kwizeza no gutanga inama.<ref>http://ferwafa.rw/spip.php?article2879</ref>Yabaye Komiseri ushinzwe imari muri [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|FERWAFA]]<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/olivier-mugabo-nizeyimana-is-the-new-ferwafa-president/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/football/article/nizeyimana-olivier-urusha-abandi-amahirwe-yatanze-kandidatire-yo-kuyobora</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-yatorewe-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/nizeyimana-mugabo-olivier-ni-we-utorewe-kuba-perezida-wa-ferwafa</ref> Yakoze nk'umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari muri Babyl Rwanda Limited na RwandAir Ltd. Yabaye kandi umugenzuzi mukuru w'imbere muri [https://www.rwandair.com/ RwandAir] Limited kuva Kanama 2019. Mbere yo kwinjira muri Corporate world, yakoraga nka Audit Manager wa [https://www.kpsa.ca/ KPS Associates] na [https://fullerllp.com/ Fuller Landau] (Montreal, [[Kanada]]). Akora kandi nk'umuyobozi utari umuyobozi mukuru mu Nama ya Banki nkuru yigihugu yu Rwanda na Ngali Holdings Ltd<ref name=":0" />.<ref>https://wiki.projecttopics.org/10813-ms-chantal-habiyakare/index.html</ref><ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/nizeyimana-olivier-atorewe-kuyobora-ferwafa-mu-myaka-4-iri-imbere</ref> == Indimi akoresha == Azi neza Icyongereza, Igifaransa n'ikinyarwanda. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo by'imari]] 1e3isdssgqvxmqdo9dumxua3mz949ly 0 10511 83412 2022-05-13T03:39:03Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki MUGWANEZA Pacifique ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Ubugenzuzi bw’amakoperative (Cooperatives Inspection Division Manager).<ref>http://kigaliwomen.com/spip.php?article782</ref> == Amashuri == Madamu Pacifique MUGWANEZA afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse (Masters) mu micungire ya Politiki y’ubukungu yibanda ku mahame agenga ishyirwaho n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’ubukungu mu buryo nyabwo yavanye muri kaminuza ya [https://www.uca.fr/ Auvergne - Clermont Ferrand], mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], na Bachelor's Degree in Science Science: Amafaranga na Banki yavanye muri Kaminuza yigenga ya [[Kigali]] ([[Kigali Independent University|ULK]]), == Akazi == Ni umuyobozi ushinzwe kugenzura no guteza imbere amakoperative mu ikigo cy’amakoperative mu [[Rwanda]], kuva mu mwaka wa 2018: kikaba ari ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe kwandika, kugenzura no guteza imbere amakoperative: Imyaka ibiri n’amezi cumi na kumwe (Mata 2018-kugeza ubu) y'uburambe bw'umwuga mubijyanye na koperative mu Rwanda ([https://www.rca.gov.rw/ Rwanda Cooperative Association] "RCA").<ref>https://bwiza.com/?rca-yasohoye-abanyamakuru-mu-nama-n-abayijemo-basohoka-urusorongo</ref> Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa komisiyo ishinzwe imari n’ubugenzuzi mu Nama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo cy'Ingoro z'umurage z'u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu Gushyingo 2016 kugeza muri Nzeri 2020.<ref>http://www.museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=22</ref><ref>http://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/GAKENKE.pdf</ref> Yakoze muri [https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/ MINECOFIN]: Imyaka icumi (2008 -2018) y'uburambe bugenda butera imbere muri Politiki ya Macroeconomic, yibanda kuri politiki yo hanze (BOP: Balance of Payments) aho umurenge usobanura imyanya ya leta ugereranije nurwego mpuzamahanga. Kuva ku ya 10 Nzeri 2008: politiki y’imari nisesengura muri politiki y’ubukungu: ibi byari bikubiyemo isesengura ryingaruka nziza kurwego rwa macro, no kongera agaciro isoko ryimari yari igeze, Kuva ku ya 15 Nzeri 2009: Impuguke ya Macroeconomic Convergence, yibanda ku miterere y’urwego rwo hanze no guhuza ubukungu mu karere (EAC, COMESA). Kuva muri Nzeri 2014 kugeza muri Mata 2018, Ushinzwe Politiki yo mu Bubanyi n’amahanga yibanda ku gukora amafaranga asigaye inyuma - kureba imbere no gusesengura, raporo ya buri kwezi na buri gihembwe ku buringanire bw’ubucuruzi, ingaruka z’ubukungu bw’ubufatanye bw’akarere, gusesengura uburyo bwo kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, BOP ibitekerezo n'ibitekerezo byo kunonosorwa, hanyuma isesengura ku ihindagurika ryibipimo byingenzi byubukungu.<ref>http://micromacroconsultants.com/Engels/Projects/Rwanda%20Scenario%202020/Rwanda%20scenario%202020.html</ref> Kuva muri Mata 2006-Kanama 2008: Ushinzwe inguzanyo muri Banki ya Agaseke (Banki ya Afurika iriho ubu), ibikorwa by'ingenzi birimo gusesengura ibyifuzo by'inguzanyo, kugenzura ibyangombwa byose bisabwa ku nguzanyo, gusuzuma ingwate zatanzwe, kugenzura imenyekanisha ry'inyandiko zose. hamwe n'umwunganizi wa guverinoma, bakora isesengura ry'inguzanyo yatanzwe, bagatanga inguzanyo.<ref>https://www.rca.gov.rw/about</ref> == Izindi nshingano == Muri 2019, yahuzaga inama mpuzamahanga y’ubufatanye bw’amakoperative, yabereye mu [[Rwanda]] kuva ku ya 14 kugeza ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019. Muri 2016, yari umwe mubagize itsinda ryashinzwe na MINECOFIN na BNR kugirango bimure urwego rwo hanze kuri Balance of Payment Manual Six (BPM6), kuko byasabwaga na IMF guhuza nindi mibare yubukungu nka sisitemu ya Konti yigihugu (SNA) , imibare y’amafaranga n’imari (MFS), hamwe n’imibare y’imari ya Leta (GFS). Muri 2013, yari ashinzwe MTCP (Medium Term Convergence Program), nkuko bisabwa na GFS (Ibarurishamibare rya Leta muri EAC), aho yatanze ingamba zo kugera ku ngingo zijyanye no guhuza amafaranga muri EAC. Kuva muri Mutarama 2009 kugeza muri Kamena 2014: Umunyamuryango wa Task Force mu rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo baganire ku masezerano mpuzamahanga y’isoko rusange ry’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, Ibihugu bya EAC == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 12ydtlkba3w8nlkvo92e5zxzq7gm80d 0 10512 83413 2022-05-13T04:09:26Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Christine Mukakiramba ni umunyapolitiki w'umunyarwandakazi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'amakoperative mu ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi (Director of cooperatives Audit unit)<ref>https://muhabura.rw/ibyemezo-byinama-yabaminisitiri-yo-ku-wa-04-werurwe-2022/</ref>mu ikigo k'igihugu gishinzwe imicungire y'ama koperative mu [[Rwanda]] ([https://www.rca.gov.rw/ RCA])<ref>http://www.radioisangano.com/post-item-details.php?number=253&&Rutsiro%3AUbugenzuzi+bwa+RCA+bwerekanye+ko+gucunga+umutungo+nabi+byatumye+koperative+Kopakama+ijya+mu+%E2%80%98gihombo+kinini%E2%80%99</ref> == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi ya MBA mu micungire y’ubucuruzi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Baraton, [[East African Christian College|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]]. Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu micungire y'ibaruramari yakuye muri kaminuza ya Adventiste yo muri Afurika yo hagati ndetse na Diplome mu micungire y'amakoperative yakuye muri kaminuza nkuru ya koperative yo muri [[Kenya]]. == Akazi == Yabaye Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe kugenzura amakoperative kuva mu 2008 mu kigo cy’amakoperative mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2016/rw-government-gazette-dated-2016-03-23-no-17.pdf</ref>yabaye Umuyobozi w'agateganyo w'ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa koperative mu kigo cya koperative y'u [[Rwanda]] Kuva ku ya 1 Werurwe 2021<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/rubavu-abamotari-barasaba-ko-ibyanyerejwe-nababayoboragabegujwe-bigaruzwa.hmtl</ref> == Umusanzu we == Mukakiramba yavuze ko mu zindi ngamba RCA yashyizeho mu rwego rwo kurwanya ruswa no kunyereza umutungo, ari ugukora igenzura n’ubugenzuzi butunguranye.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/90402</ref> == indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] k27xv2c9q8ivy439ndbmm9g6ns3qsgd 14 10513 83414 2022-05-13T05:52:05Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyamwuga kwpdfoxebmqkicdbyh6li5cq699p3nd 14 10514 83415 2022-05-13T05:53:07Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki umwuga j0fmeh3cdbc08w544un9zerr0acdye1 0 10515 83417 83416 2022-05-13T07:25:14Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Béatrice Umutesi''' (wavutse 1959) ni umwanditsi w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] .<ref>https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/authorpage/marie-beatrice-umutesi.html</ref> <ref name="uwa">http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/UmutesiMBeng.html</ref>Yavukiye i Byumba yiga sociology, akora mu iterambere ry'icyaro. Mbere ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide yakorewe abatuts]]<nowiki/>i mu [[Rwanda]] yafatwaga nk'umuntu ushyira mu gaciro, yaje guhungira muri Kivu y'amajyaruguru muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], yahavuye muri 1996 ajya i [[Burayi]], Umutesi yageze mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] muri 1998. '''<ref name="uwa" />'''<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=X9pCh_N2atgC&pg=PA261</ref> Yanditse inkuru yibyamubayeho muri ''Fuir ou mourir au Zaire.'' ''Le vécu d'une réfugiée Rwandaise'' (umutwe [[Icyongereza|w'icyongereza]]: ''Surviving the Slaughter:The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire'' ). <ref>https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-163049401/is-reconciliation-between-hutus-and-tutsis-possible</ref> <ref>https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/3918.htm</ref> . == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] mi1w7kor6dodqufrzitsq8lua14fkdc 0 10516 83419 83418 2022-05-13T07:34:58Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beata Uwamaliza Habyarimana''' ni umunyapolitiki akaba n'umuhanga mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] ukora nka Minisitiri w’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] kuva muri Werurwe 2021. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-are-new-ministers-and-provincial-governors</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-trade-minister-prioritise-sme-growth</ref> == Uburezi == Beata yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'imari muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] kuva 1996 kugeza 2000, kandi afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Masters mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Maastricht mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] mu 2011. <ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/03/imbamutima-za-gasana-gatabazi-soraya.html</ref><ref>https://greatervirunga.org/team-member/hon-ms-beata-habyarimana/</ref> == Umwuga == Beata ni umuhanga mu bukungu ufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 15 mu bijyanye n’imari kuko mbere yuko ashyirwaho yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wungirije muri Banki ya [[Afurika]] . <ref>http://apanews.net/en/pays/rwanda/news/kagame-appoints-new-trade-minister-in-mild-cabinet-reshuffle</ref> kandi yakoze muri Agaseke Bank nk'umuyobozi mukuru, kandi mbere yaho yakoraga muri Banque Populaire du [[Rwanda]] (BPR) mu myanya ikomeye. Yabanje gukorana na Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation .<ref>https://rdb.rw/rwanda-signs-3-bilateral-agreements-with-zimbabwe-to-enhance-trade-and-investments/</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umunyakuri-wakabije-inzozi-iby-igitabo-cyamuhinduye-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwa</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] k60c12fi8gyiqovwku18z9mpzlqehd8 0 10517 83422 83421 2022-05-13T07:46:45Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Chantal Rwakazina''' ni umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]] akaba n'umunyapolitiki ukora nka ambasaderi wa [[Rwanda|Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/envoy-appeals-countries-act-over-1100-indictments-genocide-fugitives</ref> <ref>https://www.rwandainswitzerland.gov.rw/cooperation/rwanda-in-liechtenstein</ref> akaba n'uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]] burundu mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Muryango w'Abibumbye]] . <ref>https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2019/unisbio1260.html</ref> <ref>https://untoday.org/rwanda-a-leading-force-in-africa/</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Rwakazina afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (1995–2000) n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'iterambere yakuye muri Fondation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise, Arlon, [[Ububiligi|mu Bubiligi]] (2001–2003). <ref>https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/presentation-of-credentials/2019/10/new-permanent-representative-rwanda-presents</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yuko ahabwa inshingano, Rwakazina yagizwe kandi ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] muri Holy See, [[Ositiriya|Repubulika ya Otirishe]] n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga i Vienne . <ref>https://easydiplomacy.com/en/ambasciate-straniere/embassy-of-rwanda-to-the-holy-see/</ref> Ku ya 4 Ukuboza 2020, Amb. Rwakazina yashyikirije Papa Francis amabaruwa y'icyizere yo guhagararira u [[Rwanda]] i [[Vatikani|Vatican]] kandi ibirori byabereye mu ngoro y'intumwa mu [[Vatikani|mujyi wa Vatikani]] . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-envoy-presents-credentials-pope-francis</ref> <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-rwakazina-presents-letters-of-credence-to-pope-francis</ref> <ref>https://easydiplomacy.com/en/ambasciate-straniere/embassy-of-rwanda-to-the-holy-see/</ref> Mbere yuko ashyirwa i Geneve, yari umuyobozi w'umujyi wa [[Kigali]] kuva 2018 kugeza 2019. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/marie-chantal-rwakazina-new-city-mayor</ref> <ref>https://www.africanews.com/2018/05/25/marie-chantal-rwakazina-elected-mayyor-of-rwanda-s-capital-kigali/</ref> <ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-marie-chantal-rwakazina-the-new-mayor-of-rwandas-capital</ref> Rwakazina ni impuguke mu iterambere yakoranye na gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere(United Nations Development Programme/One), aho yari impuguke y’umuryango w’abibumbye i [[Kigali|Kigali-Rwanda]] kuva 2013 kugeza 2018. <ref>https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/presentation-of-credentials/2019/10/new-permanent-representative-rwanda-presents</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 8orvt6b9pwezu8j2znfeg04rx3wddfi 0 10518 83500 83424 2022-05-14T04:53:35Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline Mukangira''' n'umunyapolitike n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]]. Ni Komiseri Mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Buhinde]] kandi yahoze ari Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] mu bihugu bya Nordic . <ref>[https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda? https://meaprotocol.nic.in/?a1Rwanda?]</ref> <ref>https://www.gov.mv/en/news-and-communications/newly-appointed-high-commissioner-of-rwanda-to-maldives-calls-on-the-minister-of-state-for-foreign-affairs</ref> == Umwuga == Mukangira yagizwe Komiseri Mukuru mu [[Buhinde]] na guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2019, agera mu [[Buhinde]] ku ya 4 Werurwe 2020. <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/ambassador-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-as-rwanda-high</ref> Ku ya 21 Gicurasi 2021, yashyikirije Perezida [[Ubuhinde|w’Ubuhinde]] Ram Nath Kovind ibaruwa ye y’icyizere mu birori byakozwe n’inama kuri videwo kubera icyorezo cya Covid 19.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/more-rwandan-officers-attend-sri-lankan-elite-military-college</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-envoy-virtually-presents-her-credentials-indian-president</ref> We na perezida biyemeje gufatanya kurushaho gushimangira umubano w’ibihugu byombi no kungurana ibitekerezo hagati yu [[Rwanda]] na [[Malidivezi|Malidive]] . <ref>https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/24933</ref> Yavuze ku bintu byihariye bigize umuco w’ubucuruzi w’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na bimwe mu bikorwa ibihugu byombi biteza imbere mu minsi ya vuba<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-envoy-virtually-presents-her-credentials-indian-president</ref>. <ref>https://diplomatist.com/2021/02/02/rwanda-is-partisan-of-a-clean-and-equitable-world-trade-environment/</ref> Mukangira yari yarigeze gukora mu nzego zitandukanye, nk'umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko (2004-2007), Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Suwede]] (2007 kugeza 2011), n'Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga n'Ubutwererane, yahagarariye amahame remezo na Ubushakashatsi muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.rw.emb-japan.go.jp/national_day2011.html</ref> <ref>https://www.rwandainindia.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/the-high-commissioner-jacqueline-mukangira-presents-credentials-to-maldivian-president-1</ref> <ref>https://www.findglocal.com/IN/Delhi/352331061588466/Rwanda-High-Commission-New-Delhi</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] o1bwevae9zgghisruu2rv1sc7qms3ov 0 10519 83426 83425 2022-05-13T08:10:21Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monique Mukaruliza''' ni umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] ukora nk'umujyanama wa minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga(MINAFETT) mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/amb-mukaruliza-appointed-strategic-advisor-in-minafett</ref> == Umwuga == Mbere yuko ahabwa inshingano, Mukaruliza yagizwe uwahoze ari Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Zambiya]] . <ref>https://www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/CabinetCom.pdf</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/index.php?page=print&id_article=29265</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi w'umujyi wa [[Kigali]] hagati ya 2016 na 2017, umuyobozi wa gatatu w’umugore kuva mu 1996. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/197529</ref> <ref>https://theprepaideconomy.com/post/140213093278/monique-mukaruliza-is-new-kigali-city-mayor</ref> Yabaye umuyobozi wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR]] mu [[Kigali|Mujyi wa Kigali]] <ref>https://rpfinkotanyi.rw/index.php?id=187&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=301&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=f2d811e2e6c17c72cdd56ebaec161101</ref> kandi yabaye Minisitiri wa mbere [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’umuryango w’ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] (MINEAC). <ref>http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/365/397-three-eala-members-sworn-in-.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/67580</ref> Mukaruliza yatangiye imirimo nka minisitiri wa MINEAC mu 2008 kugeza ku ya 25 Gashyantare 2013. <ref>https://www.eala.org/index.php/media/view/rwandas-eac-minister-sworn-in-as-eala-member</ref> <ref>http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2008/03/MFA-Press-Statement-Call-On-Rwanda-President-Paul-Kagame-by-Senior-Minister-Of-State-For-Foreign-Aff</ref> Mbere yuko ajya muri MINEAC, Mukaruliza yari ahagarariye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika muri [[Sudani]] kandi yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa komisiyo ya AU muri Sudani hagati ya 2005 na 2008. '''<ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-au-welcomes-inauguration-darfur-transitional-authority</ref>''' <ref>https://rwandinfo.com/fr/rwanda-la-ministre-rwandaise-monique-mukaruliza-annonce-ladhesion-du-sud-soudan-a-la-communaute-est-africaine/</ref> Yagize kandi uruhare mu ishingwa n’ivugurura ryakurikiyeho mu kigo [[Ikigo gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro mu Rwanda|gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro mu Rwanda]] igihe yakoraga nka komiseri ushinzwe ubuziranenge (Ubugenzuzi bw’imbere mu Gihugu). Afite ubunararibonye muri serivisi za banki kuko yabaye Komiseri ushinzwe imisoro yo mu Gihugu, Ushinzwe gusesengura imari muri [[Banki ya Kigali]] hagati ya 1998 na 2001. <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/new-kigali-mayor-briefs</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 2xtpge2obvyo52776jmgvgbwze1p63s 0 10520 83427 2022-05-13T08:13:02Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwayo Clarisse yamenyekanye cyane mu makipe nka [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Dream fighters]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> yakiniye kuva muri 2012-2018 mbere yo kwerekeza muri Police [https://ar.umuseke.rw/dream-team-na-police-begukanye-shampiyona-ya-taekwondo-ya-2018.hmtl Taekwondo Club]<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/dream-team-na-police-begukanye-shampiyona-ya-taekwondo-ya-2018.hmtl</ref>, izi zose akaba yarazitwayemo imidari itandukanye. Nyuma nibwo ubuhanga bwe bwaje kumwinjiza mu ikipe y’Igihugu. == Aho Yagiye == Uwayo Clarisse yatangiye gukinira [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero ikipe y'igihugu]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> mu mwaka wa 2013 ubwo bari muri Uganda mu marushanwa ya Ambassador's Cup Ndetse aza no kwitwara neza yegukana umundali w'i Feza (silver medal). Muri uwo mwaka yongeye kwerekeza mu gihugu cya kenya muri president's cup maze atahana umudali wa Zahabu (Gold medal). == Reba aha == 71wqml4we8povcc74jcivqzpmuqvhot 0 10521 83428 2022-05-13T08:33:06Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki NZamukosha Oliva ni [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Umukinnyi wa Volleyball]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> wamenyekanye cyane akiri muto ubwo yajyaga kwiga mu rwunge rw'amashuri rwitiye mutagatifu Aloys i Rwamagana aho yakurije impano ye yo gukina Volleyball. == Aho Akina == Nzamukosha Oliva asazwe ari umukinnyi w'ikipe y'ikigo cy'igihugu gishizwe [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero imisoro n'Amohoro]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> (RRA VC), iy'ikipe yayigiyemo mu mwaka wa 2020 ubwo yari avuye mu ikipe ya Saint Aloys y'i Rwamagana Kandi akinira ni [http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abanya-brazil-4-muri-14-mu-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-u-rwanda-yatangiye-igikombe-cy-afurika-amafoto ikipe y'igihugu]<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/abanya-brazil-4-muri-14-mu-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-u-rwanda-yatangiye-igikombe-cy-afurika-amafoto</ref>. == Reba aha == 3w4r9ol3uyelrdq5jate0p6d5vwvxo0 0 10522 83429 2022-05-13T09:00:39Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Teta ni umukinnyi wa [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Volleyball]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> watangiye gukina volleyball cyane mu mwaka 2014 ubwo yigaga mu mashuri yisumbuye i Rwamagana mu rwunge rw’amashuri rwitiriwe Mutagatifu Aloyizi (St Aloys). Yashyize imbaraga nyinshi muri uyu mukino dore ko byaje no kumuhesha guhamagarwa mu ikipe y’igihugu y’abatarengeje imyaka 20 (U20) mu mikino nyafurika aho baje gusezerera Cameroon muri ½ maze bakatisha itike yo kuzakina [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero igikombe cy’isi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> cyabereye muri Mexco. == Aho akina == [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Teta Zulphat]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> ni umukinnyi w’ikipe ya IPRC KIGALI WVC aho yayinjiyemo mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo yari aje kwiga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye. Mu minsi ishize yari arimo gufasha ikipe ya Kigali Volleyball Club mu mikino itandukanye ariko ntaraba umukinnyi wayo burundu. == Reba aha == e4gry9e2hrl61ic5ya7g7xkjssgxdfw 0 10523 83430 2022-05-13T09:02:33Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugeni Martine''' ni Umuyobozi w’[[Umujyi wa Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i wungirije ushinzwe Ubukungu n’imibereho myiza .<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=5466</ref> == IMIRIMO YAKOZE == '''Urujeni Martine''' ni [[umugore]] w'umunyarwandakazi w’[[imyaka]] 50. '''Urujeni Mertine''' yatorerwa kuba Umuyobozi wungirije w’[[Umujyi wa Kigali]],<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/kigali-urujeni-martine-yatorewe-kuba-umuyobozi-wungirije-ushinzwe-ubukungu-n</ref> ushinzwe Ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’[[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]], akaba yaratorewe mu matora yabaye kuru uyu wa Gatanu tariki 25 Werurwe 2022,<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-city-vice-mayor-prioritise-welfare-improvement</ref> Urujeni akaba yagize amajwi 298 kuri 397 y’Inteko itora.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/urujeni-martine-elected-vice-mayor-city-of-kigali/</ref> ntabwo ari mushya mu ubuyobozi kuko amaze igihe ayobora Ishami rishinzwe kwegereza ubutabera abaturage, muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/article/urujeni-martine-abaye-umuyobozi-w-umujyi-wa-kigali-wungirije-ushinzwe-ubukungu-n-imibereho-myiza</ref>Yabaye kandi Umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda yo kwegereza ubutabera [[Abaturage Rusange|abaturage]] (Coordinator of Maison d’Access à la Justice, MAJ),<ref>https://umuseke.rw/2021/06/amavugurura-yikoranabuhanga-rikoreshwa-muri-cyamunara-azarandura-uburiganya-bwabagamo/amp/</ref> anaba umuyobozi wungirije muri MAJ ushinzwe uburenganzira bw’[[abana]]<ref>https://flash.rw/2019/04/04/icyo-tuzasaba-rib-ni-ugukurikiza-amategeko-ntibahutireho-ngo-bamushyire-muri-kasho-urujeni-martine/</ref> no kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/umujyi-wa-kigali-wabonye-umuyobozi-wungirije-mushya</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/new-city-vice-mayor-prioritise-welfare-improvement</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 0tph6ownbf2kdl40f2p7f3s184fvqgt 14 10524 83431 2022-05-13T09:03:17Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umuyobozi 77wto4jmgh45ufqc3na9jmzgfhdii9q 0 10525 83432 2022-05-13T09:48:36Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Apostle Dr Mignone Kabera.jpg|thumb|Apostle Dr Mignone Kabera ]] '''Mignone Alice Kabera''' ni Dogiteur , Apostle wa Noble church Rwanda<ref>https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Apotre Mignone Kabera ni umubyeyi w’abana batatu yibyariye ndetse n’abandi benshi nk’uko abyivugira. Ni we watangije umuryango witwa Women Foundation Ministries n’urusengero rwitwa Nobel Family Church.<ref>https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/91113086@N04/9458305242</ref> Kabera Mignone Yavukiye i Burundi aranahakurira kuko ari ho ababyeyi be bari barahungiye.<ref>https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/</ref> == Umwuga == Apostle Mignone Alice Kabera numunyarwandakazi numwe mubagore ba Apostle ba mbere mu Rwanda. Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi w'itorero rya Noble Family Church ariko azwi cyane nk'uwashinze Women Foundation Ministries, ishyirahamwe ryibanda ku guteza imbere abagore bo mu Rwanda mu bijyanye n'umwuka ndetse n'ibibazo bahura nabyo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, harimo murugo, ku kazi ndetse no hanze yacyo.<ref>https://igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/article/apotre-mignone-agiye-gusangiza-abagore-bari-mu-buyobozi-uko-bakubaka-ingo-zabo</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/91113086@N04/9458305242</ref> == Ibehembo == Umuvugabutumwa Alice Mignonne Kabera yakiriye ibihembo byinshi. Muri byo harimo igihembo cya Sifa kubikorwa byimpuhwe, gitegurwa buri mwaka mwizina rya "Thanksgiving .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mignone_Alice_Kabera#cite_note-1</ref>Yateguye ibirori byinshi umwaka wose kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwumugore muri societe yu Rwanda, nka "Abagore Bose Hamwe" hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko "Kuva abahohotewe kugeza ba nyampinga"<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80439/mu-mafoto-80439.html</ref>Umuvugabutumwa Alice Mignonne Kabera yamenyekanye muri groove award u Rwanda kubera uruhare runini yagize mu muziki wa gospel ndetse n'itangazamakuru.<ref>https://hose.rw/kuva-mu-kabyiniro-kugera-mu-rusengero-urugendo-rwo-gukizwa-kwa-apotre-mignone-kabera/</ref> == Ibindi Wareba == Alice Mignonne Kabera<ref>https://womenfoundationministries.org/blog/5d7016838226a95166e62582</ref> on womenfoundationministries.org === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Gospel]] oavj75coopcykrbtiqmcyyi3ky2s2vk 14 10526 83433 2022-05-13T09:49:07Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki kuramya Imana 9n7ehnuy0cglel5ww80jxvzlh5p05rs 0 10527 83434 2022-05-13T09:51:00Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Belise Kariza''' ni umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubukerarugendo muri RDB(ikigo cy'u [[Rwanda]] gishinzwe iterambere).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki/article/the-ben-agiye-gukora-igitaramo-kizavamo-amafaranga-yo-kwagura-icyanya-cy-ingagi</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/204019</ref> == Ibiganiro yatanze == Belise Kariza yavuzeko nubwo u [[Rwanda]] rukomeje gutera imbere mu bukerarugendo, hakenewe gutekerezwa izindi nzego bwakorerwamo kugirango bukomeze guteza imbere [[igihugu]]. Yavibuze taliki 03 [[ukuboza]] 2020 ubwo yatahaga inzu mberabyombi iri mumudugudu ndangamuco wa [[Kigali]] ([[Kigali]] Cultural Village) wubatswe i Rebero mumujyi wa [[Kigali]][https://kiny.taarifa.rw/dukeneye-gukomeza-kwagura-inzego-zubukerarugendo-belize-kariza/ .]<ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/dukeneye-gukomeza-kwagura-inzego-zubukerarugendo-belize-kariza/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] q0yi2g3sjm3ohlummnpsdx5vbws96lh 0 10528 83435 2022-05-13T10:23:58Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapkigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mazimpaka Hortense''' Ni Umuvugabutumwa muri Believe church center mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/pasiteri-hortense-mazimpaka-yagaragaje-ibimenyetso-biranga-umuntu-wibwira-ko</ref> == Amateka == Pasitei Mazimpaka Hortense yabaye umuyobozi wa zion temple aho bakunda kwita kwa gitwaza igihe cyingana Nimyaka 6 Nibwo Yandikiye Dr Aposlte Gitwaza Paul asezera ku umurimo mu 2017 .'''Mazimpaka Hortense''' Ari mu bavugabutumwa bafite igikundiro muri iyi minsi by’umwihariko bitewe n’ubutumwa bukubiye mu ijambo agabura.Pasiteri Mazimpaka kandi yanashyize imbaraga mu gutanga inyigisho ziganisha ku kubaka umuryango binyuze mu nama z’uburyo bwo kubaka urugo rugakomera.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/pasiteri-hortense-mazimpaka-yagaragaje-ibimenyetso-biranga-umuntu-wibwira-ko</ref> == Inama == Mazimpaka Arongera yibutsa abantu Kwiringira Imana aho yagize at : Zaburi 20:8 Bamwe biringira amagare, Abandi biringira amafarashi, Ariko twebweho tuzavuga izina ry’Uwiteka Imana yacu.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/pasiteri-hortense-mazimpaka-yagaragaje-ibimenyetso-biranga-umuntu-wibwira-ko</ref> === Ibindi Wabera === youtube channel : * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaMpIoUZEpo * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nBpvM8UT3Y * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GJ-JKsbvYk * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZfqhDQvfc * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWRU8U3LZew * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTU-Bzl5REU * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5PbPZHuIPQ === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Gospel]] lfkm1gwicga0nm9oxc4m2t0fhn8fw8w 0 10529 83438 83436 2022-05-13T10:47:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukarusine Claudine''' ubana n'ubumuga bw'uruhu. Byagenze gute ngo uwo mukobwa ubana n'ubumuga bwuruhu ngo agaragare mu mashusho y'indirimbo yu muhanzi King James. == UBUZIMA BWITE == '''Mukarusine Claudine''' a (yavutse mu 1991) ni [[imfura]] mu muryango w’[[abana]] batanu. Abandi bane bose bamukurikira nta n’[[Rimwe|umwe]] ufite ubumuga bw’uruhu. Yize muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|nkuru y’u Rwanda]] [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|ishami ry’Uburezi]] mu yahoze ari KIE ryari riherereye i Remera mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|aKarere ka Gasabo]], by’umwihariko [[Indimi mu kinyarwanda|Indimi]] n’[[Ubuvanganzo]] asoza mu 2017.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87348/video-ikiganiro-na-claudine-mukarusine-ufite-ubumuga-bwuruhu-ugaragara-mu-mashusho-yindiri-87348.html</ref> Ni umukobwa w’umuhanga kandi uganirana ubushishozi, iyo muvugana akubwira ko kugira ubumuga bw’uruhu byigeze kumutera ipfunwe ariko ubu yamaze kwiyakira. Ubu ni Visi Perezida w’Umuryango w’Abafite Ubumuga bw’Uruhu mu [[Rwanda]], [https://www.nudor.org/organisation-dintervention-et-promotion-des-personnes-atteinte-dalbinisme-oippa/ OIPPA]<ref>https://www.nudor.org/organisation-dintervention-et-promotion-des-personnes-atteinte-dalbinisme-oippa/</ref>.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/people-disabilities-seek-help-access-covid-19-vaccines</ref> '''Mukarusine Claudine''' ufite imyaka 28 wavukanye ubumuga bw'ruhu ukunda kuganira.Asanzwe ari umunyamideli ukomeye ndetse yanahagarariye u [[rwanda]] mu iserukiramuco ry'[[afurika]] ubumuga ryabereye muri [[Etiyopiya|Ethiyopiya]] 2018.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/young-albino-woman-in-rwanda-gains-fame-with-music-video-appearance/4878732.html</ref> ni umunyeshuri wavomye ku isoko y'umuziki, ariko aza kubiharira abandi. Yakuriye mu [[Akarere ka Kirehe|akarere ka kirehe]] mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|intara y'uburasirazuba]] ari naho yigiye amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye. ubu abarizwa ku [[Akarere ka Gasabo|akarere ka gasabo]] bitewe n'akazi, akaba akunze kuba mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza|akarere ka kayonza]] aho akora mu bjyanye no gufahsa mu iterambere ry'abafite ubumuga bw'uruhu.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87348/video-ikiganiro-na-claudine-mukarusine-ufite-ubumuga-bwuruhu-ugaragara-mu-mashusho-yindiri-87348.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/people-disabilities-seek-help-access-covid-19-vaccines</ref> === Mu Indirimbo ya KING JAMES === '''Mukarusine''' '''Claudine''' mu kiganiro na IGIHE yavuze ko akimara kumenya inkuru y’uko King James ashaka umukobwa ufite ubumuga bw’uruhu ujya mu ndirimbo, yabanje kubyibazaho byinshi.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/56045551</ref> Yabajije uyu muhanzi n’itsinda ry’abantu bari kumufasha impamvu yatumye bifuza gukora muri ubu buryo, amaze gusobanukirwa yemera gutangira kumufasha.<ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/young-albino-woman-in-rwanda-gains-fame-with-music-video-appearance/4878732.html</ref> Yashakishije abandi bagenzi be babana n’ubu bumuga ariko ngo uwo abonye agasanga hari ibyo atujuje bari bavuganye, uwo asanze abyujuje nawe agasanga kumukoresha bizasaba andi mabwiriza ahitamo kwitanga afasha King James ndetse n’amashusho ayagiramo ubuntu.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/people-disabilities-seek-help-access-covid-19-vaccines</ref> Ati “Naje gusubira inyuma ndatekereza nsanga ibintu by’ubuhanzi narabikundaga nkiri muto kuko najyaga nandika indirimbo nkanaziririmba cyangwa se ibintu by’ubugeni. Kuko nabonaga bingoye kubona uwo bashakaga ndababwira nti ariko njye nshobora kubafasha nemera kujya muri iyo ndirimbo gutyo.”Mu bindi byagoye uyu mukobwa gufata umwanzuro, harimo ikijyanye n’imyambarire iranga abakobwa bajya mu ndirimbo z’abahanzi, rimwe na rimwe bambara bitandukanye n’imyemerere ye.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-utamenye-ku-mukobwa-ufite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-uri-mu-ndirimbo-ya-king-james</ref> === YARI UMWANDITSI N'UMURIRIMBYI === '''Mukarusine Claudine''' Ati “Mu ma[[Ishuri|shuri]] yisumbuye aho nize cyari ikigo cy’ababyeyi b’Abadivantisiti.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/56045551</ref> [[Abana]] twiganaga iyo byaga ngombwa ko hari ibyo tujya kwerekana, hari indirimbo najyaga mbigisha kuko iyo twaziririmbaga njye numvaga amarira arimo kugwa mu mutima rimwe na rimwe yaranagwaga, zari iz’agahinda”.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/people-disabilities-seek-help-access-covid-19-vaccines</ref> “Hari izindi najyaga ndirimba ngo abantu bamwe baricwa, abandi bararenganwa ariko nta muntu n’umwe wajyaga abivumbura ko ariyo mpamvu”.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-utamenye-ku-mukobwa-ufite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-uri-mu-ndirimbo-ya-king-james</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87348/video-ikiganiro-na-claudine-mukarusine-ufite-ubumuga-bwuruhu-ugaragara-mu-mashusho-yindiri-87348.html</ref> === IBIBAZO BITANGAJE === '''Mukarusine Claudine''' Uyu mukobwa avuga ko hari [[Abaturage Rusange|abantu]] bamwe bamubaza ibibazo bikamutangaza cyane, kubera kudasobanukirwa imibereho y’abafite ubumuga bw’uruhu.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/56045551</ref> Hari nk’abantu bajya bamubaza ngo ese wumva umeze neza, uzabyara [[umwana]] usa ate, [[Umugore|umubyeyi]] wawe asa ate, umuntu agukozeho ntubabara n’ibindi nk’ibyo bigaragaza ukudasobanukirwa.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/people-disabilities-seek-help-access-covid-19-vaccines</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-utamenye-ku-mukobwa-ufite-ubumuga-bw-uruhu-uri-mu-ndirimbo-ya-king-james</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87348/video-ikiganiro-na-claudine-mukarusine-ufite-ubumuga-bwuruhu-ugaragara-mu-mashusho-yindiri-87348.html</ref><ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/young-albino-woman-in-rwanda-gains-fame-with-music-video-appearance/4878732.html</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Mukarusine Claudine !ikiganiro cya Mukarusine !https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynB1wbqWKj4 |- |Claudine |https://www.voanews.com/a/young-albino-woman-in-rwanda-gains-fame-with-music-video-appearance/4878732.html |- |Indirimbo yagaragayemo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9vihpSzgco |- |Igitekerezo |https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9vihpSzgco |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] mgandfpxygktpboch2don2kxxlx5i5w 0 10530 83437 2022-05-13T10:47:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Alice Nkulikiyinka ni umuyobozi mukuru wa [https://bpn.rw/rw/bpn-rwanda/bpn-rwanda BPN Rwanda]. '''BPN''' ifasha ba Rwiyemezamirimo n’ abakozi babo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa na servisi byabo kugira ngo bashobore gufata umwanya ushimishije kandi urambye kw isoko.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/199788</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] awmxop605unh1nk3pyms15i30ynp0v0 14 10531 83439 2022-05-13T10:48:26Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umuhanzi cg0xtu35hjkvbhvlntq1vou4zsvqt7e 0 10532 83442 2022-05-13T10:58:19Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Rigoga ruth]] to [[Rigoga Ruth]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rigoga Ruth]] lawavtma3hnddp88y95qldzzy7xqlwe 0 10533 83443 2022-05-13T10:59:01Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hope Azeda''' (wavutse 1972) ni umugore watangije itorero mashirika na ubumuntu arts festival.<ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/azeda-hope</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Hope Azeda yavukiye [[Ubugande|uganda]], Amashuri abanza yayize ahitwa Nengo Primary School nyuma aza kujya muryitwa Namasagali College ryari ury'umupadiri w'umwongereza niho yavumbuye kwari umuhanzi akomereza Makerere University iherereye Kampala aho yakurikiranye ibintu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-hope-azeda-umugore-watangije-itorero-mashirika-na-ubumuntu</ref> == Ibihembo yahawe == Hope Azeda yahawe igihembo cya Arts Patron of the decade byateguwe na Rwema Arts biterwa inkunga na American Institute of Arts.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/114770/meddy-ashobora-kugaruka-yitabiriye-ibihembo-yegukanye-nabarimo-knowless-na-hope-azeda-114770.html</ref> Yongeye guhabwa ibihebwo byiswe Segal Center Awards muri 2021 nkumuhanzi wakomeje gufasha abantu kutigunga no mugihe cya Covid-19 ibi bihembo bitegurirwa mumujyi wa New York.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113537/hope-azeda-utegura-ubumuntu-arts-festival-mu-bantu-10-ku-isi-bahawe-ibihembo-segal-center--113537.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] 1iqse1rr19rqc9ky824uexmlecxknrv 0 10534 83445 2022-05-13T11:10:26Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Urwibutso Nicole [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero ni umukinnyi]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> umaze kwigarurira abakunzi b'umukino wa Basketball bitewe n'ubuhanga n'ubwitange agaragaza mu kibuga. == Ubuzima Bwite == Urwibutso [https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/nicole-urwibutso-to-focus-on-target-is-the-key-for-her-success-in-basketball-and-getting-bachelors-degree-in-monetary-economics Nicole yavukiye]<ref>https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/nicole-urwibutso-to-focus-on-target-is-the-key-for-her-success-in-basketball-and-getting-bachelors-degree-in-monetary-economics</ref> mu karere ka Gasabo mwaka mu 1994, ni wemuhererzi mu muryango w'abana batatu. Ubu akaba [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116551/urwibutso-nicole-ukinira-ikipe-yigihugu-ya-basketball-yibarutse-imfura-116551.html afite umugabo n'umwana]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116551/urwibutso-nicole-ukinira-ikipe-yigihugu-ya-basketball-yibarutse-imfura-116551.html</ref> umwe w'umukobwa Yakuze arota siporo na siyanse bityo, inzozi ze zabaye impamo ubwo yinjiraga muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda agakina muri imwe mu makipe ku kigo. == Aho yanyuze == Yatangiye siporo akiri mu ishuri rye 'O'level akina imikino itandukanye ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita yaguye muri basketball. Kuva uwo mwanya yatangiye kwitabira amarushanwa y'amashuri nko muri [https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/nicole-urwibutso-to-focus-on-target-is-the-key-for-her-success-in-basketball-and-getting-bachelors-degree-in-monetary-economics Ecole Notre Dame de la Providence Karubanda]<ref>https://www.thecampus.rw/post/view/nicole-urwibutso-to-focus-on-target-is-the-key-for-her-success-in-basketball-and-getting-bachelors-degree-in-monetary-economics</ref> n'ahandi. [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/kuba-basketball-ibitego-bijyamo-buri-kanya-biri-mu-byatumye-urwibutso-nicole-ayikunda Nicole si yakinye Basketball gusa ya kinnye]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/kuba-basketball-ibitego-bijyamo-buri-kanya-biri-mu-byatumye-urwibutso-nicole-ayikunda</ref> ubwo yigaga mu cyiciro cy’amashuri yisumbuye i Save bari batengetswe gukora siporo ariko we yakinaga imikino yose ishoboka ariyo Basketball, volleyball, Football na Handball. Ubusanze [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Nicole ni umukinnyi wa IPRC HUYE]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> ndetse akaba ari na we kapiteni wayo. Mu mwaka wa 2018 nibwo Nicole yinjiye muri iyi kipe ya IPRC HUYE avuye muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda i Butare. Akihakandagira yahise abahesha igikombe cya shampiyona bagikuye i Kigali bahigitse ikipe ya APR WBBC yari yari yarananiranye. Muri 2019 yaje gusubira mu ikipe ya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda i Huye aho yigaga dore ko yari anakuriye iterambere rya siporo muri iyi kaminuza (Minister of Sports). Nicole akimara gusoza amashuri ye muri kaminuza mu 2020 yagarutse mu ikipe ya IPRC HUYE ari na ho akiri. == Icyatumye akunda gukina == Urwibutso Nicole [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/kuba-basketball-ibitego-bijyamo-buri-kanya-biri-mu-byatumye-urwibutso-nicole-ayikunda ubwo yaganiraga na kigalitoday]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/kuba-basketball-ibitego-bijyamo-buri-kanya-biri-mu-byatumye-urwibutso-nicole-ayikunda</ref> bamubaza igituma akunda Basketball yaragize ati" Navuga ko gukina basketball nabikundishijwe n’umuryango wanjye, aho nakuriye ndetse n’aho nize amashuri yanjye. Muri TTC Save gukora Siporo byari itegeko, bityo nkurira muri ubwo buzima kugeza n’uyu munsi.Umwihariko wanjye watumye kunda basketball, muri football nakinaga kuri 11 kuko nakoreshaga akaguru k’imoso nkakunda kugwa ngatahana ibisebe, basketball nagiyezemo irandyohera gusa kubera ko basketball dutsinda buri kanya navuga ko ari ho urukundo rwayo rwazamutse cyane." == Urugendo Mu ikipe y'igihugu == [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero Mu mwaka wa 2012]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/imikino-si-iy-abagabo-gusa-abakobwa-n-abagore-na-bo-barashoboye-ingero</ref> nibwo Nicole yahamagawe bwa mbere mu ikipe y'igihugu mu bangavu batarengeje imyaka 18 mu marushanwa y'akarere ka gatanu yabereye mu Rwanda, gusa icyo gihe yari akiri muto ndetse hari benshi bamurushaga bituma mu bakinnyi batoranyijwe atisangamo. Muri 2014 Nicole yongeye guhamagarwa mu ikipe y’igihugu maze aza agaragaza ubuhanga dore ko yanagaragaye mu bakinnyi batoranyijwe bitabajwe mu gihugu cya Uganda mu mikino y’Akarere ka gatanu y’abatarengeje imyaka 18. == Reba aha == 20w7fxwt74p7lfagpaemj1u67cy6flk 0 10535 83446 2022-05-13T11:24:36Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Musanabageni Claudine [https://beach.volleybox.net/claudine-musanabageni-p69113/beach_tournaments yavutse]<ref>https://beach.volleybox.net/claudine-musanabageni-p69113/beach_tournaments</ref> kuwa 28/8/1996 ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi [http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/amwe-mu-makipe-y-u-rwanda-yitwaye-neza-muri-beach-volleyball-andi-biranga bakina Beach Volleyball]<ref>http://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/amwe-mu-makipe-y-u-rwanda-yitwaye-neza-muri-beach-volleyball-andi-biranga</ref> kandi akaba akinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Beach Volleyball. == Reba aha == 24h89i72z2znx2rra83btch6luluv80 0 10536 83447 2022-05-13T11:50:24Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Rita ni Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe abakozi muri [https://www.aos.rw/ AOS Ltd] kuva muri Nzeri 2015<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/womens-leadership-should-be-front-and-centre-achieve-gender-parity</ref>. Icyo yibandaho cyane ni ibikorwa by’abakozi muri sosiyete. Yabanje gukorana n’ibigo bizwi cyane byigenga n'ibigo bya Leta birimo KT Rwanda Network, Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere m’u Rwanda ([https://rdb.rw/ RDB)], Ikigo gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga mu [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Information Technology Authority) n’Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi rya [[Kigali|Kigali.]]<ref>https://rw.ncbagroup.com/our-board-of-directors/</ref><ref>https://www.aos.rw/about/management/</ref> == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri muri Computer Science (kaminuza ya [https://bangaloreuniversity.ac.in/ Bangalore]) na MSc.IT, ishami rya Computer Science & Software Engineering yo muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda.]] == Inshingano == Rita yabaye umuyobozi wa e-guverinoma mu gihe guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] yashyiraga mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye za e-Guverinoma kandi inshingano ze zari uguhuza ibyo bikorwa byose ku rwego rw’igihugu. Kuva icyo gihe yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'u Rwanda muri ICT; bikubiyemo ibice byo gucunga imishinga, gushyiraho politiki, igenamigambi rikorwa no gushyira mu bikorwa, kimwe na M&E. Yakoze cyane cyane mu nzego za Leta z’u [[Rwanda]] mu bijyanye na ICT mu nzego zitandukanye kandi yiyemeje gukorera abikorera ku giti cyabo, hamwe n'uburambe n'ubumenyi afite.<ref>https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/612971434649633619-0190022013/original/HELPRoadshowSmartRwandaDaysListofParticipants.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/docs/NICI_III_Final_Document.pdf</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyapolitiki]] r3d1xi7dtf50e4fhc7e3nexd30nakau 0 10537 83448 2022-05-13T11:56:20Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Akayesu Shalon yavukiye Kibagabaga kuwa 23 Ukuboza 2002, akaba [https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/08/dore-uburanga-bwa-shalon-ukomeje-kubera.html amaze kuba kimenyabose]<ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2021/08/dore-uburanga-bwa-shalon-ukomeje-kubera.html</ref> ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse no mu mashusho y'indirimbo z'abahanzi b'abanyarwanda. Dore ko uyu mukobwa yumvikanye bwa mbere [https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/919/abanyarwandakazi-bibizungurezi-barimo-gukurikirwa-cyane-kubera-uburanga-nikimero-byabo-amafoto mu ifungwa rya bimwe mu byamamare byo mu Rwanda]<ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/919/abanyarwandakazi-bibizungurezi-barimo-gukurikirwa-cyane-kubera-uburanga-nikimero-byabo-amafoto</ref> birimo Davis D, ndetse yongera kutavugwaho rumwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ubwo yagiraga uruhare mu kwirukanisha umunyezamu Kwizera Olivier mu ikipe y’Igihugu Amavubi. == Reba aha == 9caclf7tqirdbcjunrb16z295fa2rd4 0 10538 83454 83453 2022-05-13T13:11:31Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Riziki Chantal''' nI Umuvugabutumwa mu Rwanda <ref>https://www.agakiza.org/Riziki-Chantal-wasengeye-akabyiniro-ka-Cadillac-kagashya-yasobanuye-6521.html</ref><ref>https://rw.unitsfashion.com/7722321-another-italy-palio-in-ferrara</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Riziki Numukobwa wavukiye icyangugu akaba yaravutse aruku mugaturika ndetse akaba yarabaye numubikira mbere yuko yakira agakiza muri ADEPER .Riziki nyuma yaho yaje guhitama kuva mu kibikira aba umuvugabutumwa .Afite youtube channel yee avygiraho ubutumwa nyuma yuko atemeranyaga Nitorero kubuhanuzi <ref>https://www.agakiza.org/Riziki-Chantal-wasengeye-akabyiniro-ka-Cadillac-kagashya-yasobanuye-6521.html</ref>Riziki Chantal imana yamutegetse kubwira abantu ko igihe cyuko abagabo bagiye kwifuza kwambara amajipo kigiye kugera .<ref>https://rw.unitsfashion.com/7722321-another-italy-palio-in-ferrara</ref> Riziki Imana yaramwiyetse imubwirako icyacumi ntamaturo ntaho birikwandikwa .<ref>https://agakiza.org/Riziki-Chantal-wasengeye-akabyiniro-ka-Cadillac-kagashya-yasobanuye-6521.html</ref> == Umwuga == Umuvugabutumwa Riziki Chantal ni umwe mu bantu bagiye bakorana n’Imana imirimo n’ibitangaza, azwi cyanee ku gitangaza Imana yamukoresheje ubwo Imana yamwoherezaga gutwika akabari kitwaga KADILAKE (cadillac) kagashya kagakonkoka.Umuvugabutumwa Rizki yigishije ijambo riboneka muri Matayo 25:31, havuga hati “ Umwana w’umuntu ubwo azazana n’abamarayika bose afite ubwiza bwe, nibwo azicara ku ntebe y’Imana .<ref>https://agakiza.org/Riziki-Chantal-wasengeye-akabyiniro-ka-Cadillac-kagashya-yasobanuye-6521.html</ref><ref>https://rw.unitsfashion.com/7722321-another-italy-palio-in-ferrara</ref> === Ibindi wareba === '''video''' * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTziYNjGVwU * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaMpIoUZEpo * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh-0HMBX_L4 * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cq1sfc4sfs * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_ZFIKZRQ5I [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Gospel]] 3mj5tmt6elulaxy3roojyfkktadiar7 0 10539 83458 2022-05-13T13:29:18Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Rose Mukankomeje]] to [[Mukankomeje Rose]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mukankomeje Rose]] ny7uxtq9089m8pzcc2wn250b0wee9p6 0 10540 83459 2022-05-13T13:57:24Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Fiona Kamikazi Rutagengwa (Wavutse 1991)Ni niwe ushizwe comminikasiyo byumwihariko muri I&M Bank [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/fiona-kamikazi/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Fiona Kamikazi ni we professional model hamwe na Premier Modeling Agency. Yavutse ku ya 20 Ukwakira 1991 i Kampala, muri Uganda, ni umwana wa mbere wa nyakwigendera Christopher Rutagengwa na Oriane Barahira. Kamikazi yize amashuri abanza kuri St. Joseph Kicukiro, icyiciro rusange yacyizel ku ishuri ry’abakobwa rya FAWE naho icyo bakunze kwita A level ayiga muri Group Scolaire Karubanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/95149</ref>yakomeza amashuri ye muri kaminuza mu Ishuri ry’Imari n’amabanki (SFB) Gikondo . == Umwuga == Fiona ni inzobere mu by'itumanaho muri I&M Bank [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umujyanama wa Digital Marketing ku masosiyete atandukanye yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Yabanje gukora mu buvugizi bwa Talent n'imibanire y'abakiriya mu burezi, itumanaho, ndetse n'amabanki. Numuntu uharanira imibereho, igice cyigihe cyo kwandika & umusizi, numukunzi wa politiki.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/95149</ref><ref>https://leoafricainstitute.org/fellows/rebecca-kabejja-mweru/</ref> == Inama == * Kwizera ko abakwumva bahari kukubona, ukizera ko ushobora kubikora, ukibanda kubateze amatwi kandi cyane cyane ugatera ifoto mbere yo kugenda , ni garanti yo gutanga icyizere.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/95149</ref> [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] k47m9647kpx7ovnl3t2b4c2exd3l7lw 0 10541 83460 2022-05-13T14:20:21Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karen Bugingo''' (wavutse 1992) ni Umwanditsi w'ibitabo akaba akaba yarakize kanseri akanayandikaho igitabo cyitwa My name is Life.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5256/Karen-Bugingo-wakize-kanseri-akabyandiho-igitabo-yakimurikitse-i-Kampala</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Karen bugingo yavukiye i kigali ababyeyi be bapfuye muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi, amashuri abanza yayize muri La Colombiere ayisumbuye ayarangiriza muri Lycee de [[kigali]], kaminuza ayiga Mount [[kenya]] aho yize ibyerekeye itangazamakuru.<ref>https://umutihealth.com/karen-bugingo-wakize-kanseri/</ref> == Ibyerekeye igitabo cye == Igitabo cye kivuga kurugendo rwe nurugamba yarwanye rwa kanseri yarwanye kugeza ayikize avugako mubusanzwe akunda kwandika My name is Life akaba aricyo gitabo cya mbere yanditse akaba yararwaye kanseri yo mubwoko bwa Lymphoma izwi nka kanseri yo mumaraso.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/80636/umunyeshuri-wo-muri-mount-kenya-university-warwaye-cancer-ak-80636.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] 9awoq0y7nsebnaihdy8zva51ucftfzb 0 10542 83461 2022-05-13T15:00:56Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Tina uwase (Wavutse 1995) ni Rwiyemeza mirimo mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/95710/uwase-wahagarariye-u-rwanda-muri-miss-supranational-yabaye-igisonga-cya-mbere-cya-miss-eli-95710.html</ref> == Amateka == Uwase Clementine (Miss Tina) yitarbiriya amarushanwa ahagarariye u Rwanda mu irushanwa rya Miss Supranational 2018,aza nokuba Igisonga cyambere cya miss Supranational 2018.<ref>https://www.misssupranational.com/contestants/contestants-2018/</ref>Uyu mukobwa yubatse izina mu kumurika imideli akaba ubu abarizwa muri Pologne. akaba yaratangiye akora amakote yo mu bwoko butandukanye, yaba ikote n’ipantalo bisa, ikote n’ijipo ndetse n’amakote maremare yonyine. Tina yagize igitekerezo cyo gutangira cyo gukora iyi myambaro nyuma ya 2018 ubwo yajyaga mu Rwanda, agashaka ikote ryiza ryo kwambara akaribura.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/tina-witabiriye-miss-supranational-yatangije-brand-y-amakote-y-abagore-amafoto</ref> == Umwuga == Uwase Clementine yatangije brand yise ‘Tina Classic Suits’ izajya ikora amakote (Suits) y’abago<ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/uwase-clementine/</ref> '''Ibindi wareba''' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlSkMoWWFSg [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Miss Rwanda]] 6gxrnr0qnkgp19cpys3acjyt8q5ou4n 0 10544 83463 2022-05-13T15:24:34Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''SHIMWE CLAUDETTE''' (Wavutse 2005 ) ni umukinnyi wo mumazi cyangwa se koga <ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/ishimwe-claudette-yabaye-uwa-mbere-ariko-akurwa-mu-irushanwa-ryo-koga-muri</ref> == Umwuga == ISHIMWE CLAUDETTE w’imyaka 17 ubarizwa mu ikipe ya Cercle Sportif Karongi yitabiriye imikino Nyafurika y’umukino wo koga yiswe “14th CANA AFRICA SWIMMING CHAMPIONSHIP” yabereye muri Ghana taliki 11 kugeza 16 Ukwakira 2021 akoresha amasegonda 46 n’ibice 90 mu koga metero 50.<ref>http://www.impamba.com/2021/12/16/koga-ishimwe-claudette-yatangiye-aba-uwa-mbere-muri-shampiyona-yisi/</ref>Ishimwe usanzwe abarizwa muri Cercle Sportif de Karongi, ni umwe mu bakinnyi barindwi bakoze amakosa yatumye ibihe bari bakoresheje biteshwa agaciro mu masibo (heats) umunani yakinnye ku wa Kane. === Ibindi Wareba === https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/trio-gears-fina-world-championship [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] ck2sv5vo2qhs00mc0er0wnt6rblxryd 0 10545 83465 83464 2022-05-13T16:56:12Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Claire Mukasine''' (wavutse 1959) ni umunyamategeko [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]], umunyapolitiki n'umukozi wa Leta. Kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2019 yari umwe mu bagize Sena y'u Rwanda, kandi yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisiteri y'Ibikorwa Remezo]] mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="WhoIsWho">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35739</ref> <ref>http://haguruka.org.rw/</ref> Muri 2020 yagizwe Perezida wa Komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] (NHCR)<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35739</ref><ref name=":0" />. == Uburezi == Mukasine afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko, impamyabumenyi ebyiri z'icyiciro cya kabiri mu micungire n'imiyoborere , na PhD mu by'amategeko. <ref name="WhoIsWho" /> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukasine-named-new-chairperson-human-rights-commission</ref> == Umwuga == Mukasine yagiye akora mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi nk'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa wa Haguruka, umuryango utabara imbabare uharanira no kurengera uburenganzira bw'umugore n'abana. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ynL_aOLfomsC&q=Marie+Mukasine</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=k05FtHAc50AC&dq=Marie+Mukasine&pg=PA85</ref> Yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango mu [[Rwanda]]. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi mukuru wa [[Rwanda]] Investment Group(RIG), n’umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete y’ubwishingizi Sonarwa. Muri 2013 yari umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ubwishingizi . <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=CQWhAQAAQBAJ&dq=Marie+Mukasine&pg=PA1368</ref> Mu 2011, Mukasine yatorewe kujya muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] nk'uhagarariye [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], aba umusenateri kugeza muri 2019. Muri 2017 yari mu basenateri basaba ko imishinga y'iterambere mu karere yakurikiranwa vuba. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/215169</ref> Yabaye umwe mu bagize komisiyo ihoraho ya Senateri ishinzwe ibibazo bya politiki n’imiyoborere myiza, maze mu 2018 yagaragaje ko ari ngombwa gutegura gahunda yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abahoze ari imfungwa bahamwe n'ibyaha bya jenoside <ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/mukasine-appointed-chairperson-of-the-human-rights-commission</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/urubyiruko-rurizeza-impinduka-mu-kwirinda-ingengabitekerezo-ya-jenoside</ref> Mukasine yabaye kandi perezida w’umutwe w’u [[Rwanda]] umutwe w’abadepite bo muri [[Afurika]] barwanya ruswa (APNAC). <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/225023</ref> Ku ya 29 Kamena 2020, Mukasine yarahiriye kuba Perezida wa Komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu mu [[Rwanda]] (NHCR). <ref>http://cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=187&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=139&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=30&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=6&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2020&cHash=3200eeab2536cfa9450b7ff0d00670ff</ref> Mu Kwakira 2020, yasabye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kongera ingengo y’imari ya NHCR no kuyiha icyicaro gihoraho i [[Kigali]] . <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/10/national-rights-body-seeks-more-funding-to-execute-mandate/</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] mq3h8vx3n81iqpcjjq1yqupn498j3lc 0 10546 83467 83466 2022-05-13T17:06:19Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexia Uwera Mupende''' (17 Ugushyingo 1984 - 8 Mutarama 2019) yari umunyamideli [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwandakazi]], umukinnyi w’amafirime n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’isiporo rusange z'ifasha umubiri, igihe yapfaga, yari umuyobozi mukuru muri ''Waka Fitness'', i [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="1R">http://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/01/mystery-as-rwandan-model-actress-alexia-mupende-is-stabbed-to-death-by-maid.html</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Alexia Uwera yavukiye muri [[Kenya]] . Yize amashuri muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'amashuri makuru muri Namasagali College mu Karere ka Kamuli . Yakomeje kubona impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye muri St. Lawrence College, muri [[Uganda]]. Nyuma yibyo yimukiye mu [[Rwanda]] aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Information Technology yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R" /><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imideli/article/urupfu-rwa-alexia-mupende-rwashegeshe-benshi-mu-byamamare</ref> == Umwuga == Alexia Mupende yari umunyamideli mpuzamahanga, wari uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]], mu birori by'imyambarire yabereye i Kampala muri [[Uganda]], Geneve mu [[Ubusuwisi|busuwisi]], Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Colombo, Sri Lanka na Mumbai, mu [[Buhinde]]. Kugira ngo yongere amafaranga yinjiza, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa ''Waka Fitness'', club ya fitness mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. <ref name="2R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/200694</ref> <ref name="3R">https://www.softpower.ug/rwandas-celebrated-model-and-actress-alexia-mupende-killed-by-housemaid/</ref> == Urupfu == Ku mugoroba wo ku wa kabiri, 8 Mutarama 2019, umurambo wa Alexia Uwera Mupende wabonetse muri kimwe mu byumba byo kuraramo kwa se mu Murenge wa Nyarugunga, [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|mu Karere ka Kicukiro]], mu nkengero z'umujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Yari yatewe icyuma inshuro nyinshi. <ref name="4R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/top-rwandan-model-alexia-mupende-murdered</ref> Abashinzwe umutekano mu [[Rwanda]] batangaje ko barimo gushakisha Antoine Niyireba, ufite imyaka 23, wari umukozi wo mu rugo kwa nyina wa nyakwigendera. Niwe wakekwagaho ubwicanyi. <ref name="5R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/tributes-pour-model-alexia-mupende</ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Igihe yapfaga, yasezeranye gushyingirwa muri Gashyantare 2019, kandi ubutumire bw'ubukwe bwari bwashyizwe ahagaragara. <ref name="6R">https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2019/01/09/top-kenyan-born-rwandan-model-alexia-mupende-murdered_c1875377</ref> <ref name="7R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Shock-top-Rwandan-model-Alexia-Mupende-murdered-house-maid/688340-4927094-lc8h36z/index.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa filime]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] hjl03ammrb188wo82xkcsdekh6jek71 0 10547 83468 2022-05-13T17:27:01Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kanyange louise''' umukobwa umaze '''[[imyaka]]''' itatu akora ubugeni, umwuga yize, amaze gushushanya ibihangano birenga 50, asanzwe anabimurika mu bigo bitatu byikorera. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Kanyange Louise''' (yavutse mu 1999) ni umuhanzi wu mu munyaRwandakazi ukunda gushushanya, gusiga irangi, kudizayininga, gushushanya, nubukorikori.Ubuzima, inzozi, kwibuka, ninkuru zabantu bitera imbaraga mubyaremye.Kuva yiga ubuhanzi muri '''École d'art de Nyund'''o<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_d%27art_de_Nyundo</ref> (Ishuri rya Nyundo ryubuhanzi n’umuziki)<ref>https://en.unesco.org/creativity/policy-monitoring-platform/ecole-dart-de-nyundo</ref>, yagiye mu nzira yo kugera ku nzozi ze zo gutanga umusanzu nkumuhanzi kugirango ejo hazaza heza muri muryango nya [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://komezart.com/collections/kanyange-louise</ref><ref>https://inshutiarts.com/kanyange-louise-bio/</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/-at-the-entrance-joint-show-celebrates-women-artists-3741858</ref> == Aho wamusanga == '''Kanyange Louise''' Akunda gushyikirana n'abantu benshi binyuze mu kwerekana amarangi ya Live ndetse no mu imurikagurisha mu [[Rwanda]] no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibikorwa bye byerekanwe, cyane cyane ahabaye ibikorwa bya Baho Neza in [[Rwanda]], umushinga wa Kabgayi Eye Unity in [[Rwanda]], mu ihuriro rya Luanda Biennial Pan African for Culture and Peace muri [[Angola]], <ref>https://komezart.com/collections/kanyange-louise</ref><ref>https://inshutiarts.com/kanyange-louise-bio/</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/-at-the-entrance-joint-show-celebrates-women-artists-3741858</ref> == Ibihangano == '''Kanyange Louise''' umukobwa umaze [[imyaka]] itatu akora ubugeni, umwuga yize, amaze gushushanya ibihangano birenga 50, asanzwe anabimurika mu bigo bitatu byikorera. == Ibihembo == '''Kanyange Louise''' binyuze mu imurikagurisha ry[[Umugore|'abagore]] Muri 2017, yagaragaye nk'umuhanzi mwiza ushushanya mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] hose maze ahabwa igihembo na [https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ Imbuto Foundation]<ref>https://www.imbutofoundation.org/</ref>. Yakoranye na galeries na sitidiyo zitandukanye zirimo Inshuti Arts and Culture Centre iherereye mu [[akarere ka Musanze]], Tuko Girls Arts kuri Kuuru Art Space i [[Kigali]], na Envision [[Rwanda]] mu [[umujyi wa Kigali]].<ref>https://komezart.com/collections/kanyange-louise</ref><ref>https://inshutiarts.com/kanyange-louise-bio/</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/-at-the-entrance-joint-show-celebrates-women-artists-3741858</ref> [[Ikiciro:Umunyabugeni]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] 44n9z5xp56w3mechxgszfm390sbwdt0 14 10548 83469 2022-05-13T17:27:57Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyabugeni qtasflnpgj6h1ejesrr3kmzf23bwkwc 0 10549 83471 2022-05-13T18:57:01Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Nirere Madeleine (Wavutse 1968) ni Umuvinnyi Mukuru <ref>https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/tumenye/abavunyi</ref> == Ubuzima Bwite == Nirere yize kaminuza akaba afite imanyabushobozi ya Bachelor mu mategeko hamwe na  Mastazi muri Public Administration. Nirere afite burambe mu by'amategeko, mu burenganzira bwa muntu no mu buyobozi kimwe n'ishyaka ryo guharanira guteza imbere no kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu byampaye ubuhanga bwo gusaba kuba umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’imirimo ku kibazo cyo kuvangura abagore mu mategeko no mubikorwa, Ibihugu bya Afrika.<ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-the-new-ombudsperson</ref> <ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-the-new-ombudsperson</ref>akunda ibibazo byuburenganzira bwa muntu. afite uburambe burenga 5 mubikorwa byuburenganzira bwa muntu nkorera kurwego rwigihugu, kurwego rwakarere ndetse no kurwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, yumva Sisitemu y'Uburenganzira bwa Muntu. <ref>https://www.ombudsman.gov.rw/ibindi/itsinda-riyobowe-numuvunyi-mukuru-wa-togo-ryakoreye-urugendoshuri-ku-urwego-rwumuvunyi</ref>yagize uruhare mu biganiro byo hejuru ku burenganzira bwa muntu byateguwe na ICC ubu GANHRI na OHCHR. Mubyongeyeho, ameze neza mu magambo no mu Cyongereza no mu Gifaransa .Ibi byose byongereye ubumenyi bwee mu makuru no kunganira. <ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-the-new-ombudsperson</ref><ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-the-new-ombudsperson</ref>Mfite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor mu by'amategeko, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buyobozi bwa Leta kandi yabonye muri kanama 2017 akaba afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ubutabera mpanabyaha, aho ubu ndimo gukora isomo ryanjye ku “kurengera mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko abagore bahohotewe. urugomo mu Rwanda “. Ni umuryango cyane muburenganzira bwa muntu kandi nkagira uruhare mu kurengera abagore. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/nirere-madeleine-yagizwe-umuvunyi-mukuru-asimbura-anastase-murekezi</ref><ref>https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-officiates-the-swearing-in-of-the-new-ombudsperson</ref> == Umwuga == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Aho yakoze !umwaka !igihugu |- |yabaye Chairperson wa National Commission for Human Rights of  Rwanda |2012 |Kigali Rwanda |- |yabay Deputy Secretary-General of the Senate in Charge of Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs |2009 -2012 |senate Rwanda |- |Senior Legal Advisor to the Parliament (Transitional National Assembly) |2000-2003 |Parliament Rwanda |- |Clerk of the  standintg Committee on Human Rights, Unity and Reconciliation   |1999-2000 |Paeliament Rwanda |} == Amashuri == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Icyiciro !umwaka !Igihugu |- |Bachelor’s Degree in Law |1992-1998 |University of Rwanda |- |Master's in Public Administration |2004-2007 |Ecole Nationale d'Administration Publique  QUEBEC |- |Ongoing Master's  in International Human rights Law and Criminal Justice  (finishing with July 2017) |2014 -2017 |Universit of Rwanda- Rwanda |} === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] eq7zh3mxlw0a3dpa3w0u0wltunwq1dx 0 10550 83472 2022-05-13T19:15:27Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Julianne K. Kayonga ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umuyobozi wa [https://athome.starbucks.com/story/sustainability-heart-starbucks-coffee-sourcing Starbucks] FSC Rwanda kuva 2016. == Amashuri == Julianne afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no guteza imbere umutungo kamere, yakuye muri kaminuza ya [https://www.tamu.edu/ Texas A&M], Inyemezabumenyi ihanitse y’ububanyi n’amahanga yakuye Ishuri rya Leta rya Bush n’abakozi ba Leta muri kaminuza ya [https://www.tamu.edu/ Texas A&M], n'impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri mu by'amategeko yakuye muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]. == Akazi == Julienne yabaye umuyobozi wa Starbucks kuva 2016 .Mbere yo kwinjira muri Starbucks, yakoraga muri ACDI / VOCA u [[Rwanda]] mu kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu<ref>http://www.canr.msu.edu/fsp/countries/aglc-rwanda-and-burundi/AGLC_Final_Workshop_Report_To_Share.pdf</ref> Yagishije inama ku isuzuma ritandukanye ry’ibidukikije ku mishinga ya USAID, kandi mbere yibyo, yakoraga nk'inzobere mu by'imari yo mu cyaro muri [https://www.usaid.gov/rwanda USAID Rwanda]<ref>https://rw.ncbagroup.com/our-board-of-directors/</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] f5sj684vwy7c7yk9x410hszpr5k0mrc 0 10551 83477 2022-05-13T20:05:16Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Madamu Eugenia ni Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo gishinzwe gusesengura politiki n'ubushakashatsi (IPAR Rwanda) kuva muri Gashyantare 2014. == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bumenyi bw'imibereho yakuye muri [https://www.mak.ac.ug/ kaminuza ya Makerere], kandi afite impamyabumenyi ya MBA mu ishuri ry'imiyoborere rya [https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/ Maastricht], mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]], ubu akaba akurikirana impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya PhD mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi (Strategic Management) yakuye muri kaminuza y'ubuhinzi n'ikoranabuhanga ya [https://www.jkuat.ac.ke/ Jomo Kenyatta]. === Amahugurwa === Eugenia afite kandi inyemezabumenyi yiterambere ryumwuga mu micungire y’ibyago muri Banking i Stockholm ([[Suwede]]) hamwe n’ishuri ry’imari n’amabanki [[Kigali]] [[Rwanda]]. Yagiye agaragara mu mahugurwa yo mu karere no mu mahanga ndetse no mu nama haba nk'umwitabira ndetse n'umujyanama. Ubu ni Perezida wa Komite ishinzwe Politiki Nyafurika (ACBF) ishinzwe ubumenyi (PIC). Yerekanye impapuro mu nama z’akarere n’amahanga kandi yayoboye amahugurwa y’igihugu, ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo hamwe n’inama zimenyesha gufata ingamba.<ref>http://statistics.gov.rw/file/6984/download?token=51YmjC6u</ref> == Akazi == Umuyobozi mukuru wa Ikigo gishinzwe gusesengura politiki n'ubushakashatsi (IPAR-Rwanda) kuva gashyantare 2014 kugera ubu. Akora mu kanama ngishwanama ka Portal Nyafurika ububiko bwubushakashatsi n’ikigo cy’isesengura ry’impuguke ku bibazo bya Afurika giherereye muri Afurika yepfo kandi yicaye mu kanama k’igihugu kigenga (NIRP) ku kigo gishinzwe gutanga amasoko ya [[Rwanda]] (RPPA)<ref>http://ipar-rwanda.org/?page=profile&id_article=8</ref> kuva mutarama 2014. Yabanje gukorana na Banki y’ubucuruzi y’u [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cy’imyaka 10 aho yagiye akora imirimo itandukanye, harimo ariko itagarukira gusa, Ushinzwe gusesengura inguzanyo, Ushinzwe Inguzanyo, Ushinzwe iyubahirizwa n’Ubuyobozi, hamwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe gucunga ibyago.<ref>http://ipar-rwanda.org/?page=profile&id_article=64</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] fy8jk02hd4r69uqsnyn9i47pyoa0c61 0 10552 83479 83478 2022-05-13T20:42:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angèle Mukakayange''' yari umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]]. Niwe mugore wa mbere watorewe kuba umudepite mu nteko nshingamategeko y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://frankensaurus.com/1965_Rwandan_general_election</ref> <ref name="BauerDawuni2015">https://books.google.com/books?id=-6_hCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT203</ref>Angèle Mukakayange yatorewe kuba Depite wa MDR-Parmehutu uhagarariye [[Butare]] mu matora rusange y'abadepite mu [[Rwanda]] 1965 . nyuma yatakaje umwanya mu matora yo mu 1969 .<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Ang%C3%A8le_Mukakayange</ref> <ref name="Mairieu1972">https://books.google.com/books?id=FpAMAQAAIAAJ</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] 6ndq8hnhb27g50e93hlcqp3gfgm82mm 0 10553 83481 83480 2022-05-13T20:44:55Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Agnes Kanyangeyo (Aggie) yavutse ku ya 8 Ukuboza 1976 na Bwana Kanyangeyo Marcel na Madamu Kanyangeyo Mukagasana Rosette i Kasubi, Kampala. Yari umwana wa gatandatu mu bana barindwi. Yitabye Imana ku ya 26 Gashyantare 2022 nyuma yo kurwanya kanseri y'ibere imyaka 3. Agnes Kanyangeyo yari umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki, yabaye umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi n'igenamigambi muri RRA mbere y'urupfu rwe.<ref>https://www.mykeeper.com/profile/AgnesKanyangeyo/</ref> == Amashuri == Yize amashuri y'incuke ya Namirembe, Ishuri ribanza rya Mengo na Makerere College ya Makere kurwego rwa O-level 'na A-level. Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri mu mibare( statistics) na Masters mu by'ubukungu bwiterambere yakuye muri Williams College, Massachusetts muri Amerika.<ref name=":0">https://www.ictd.ac/news/remembrance-agnes-kanyangeyo/</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Akazi == Muri iki gihe Agnes ni Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi n’ubushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’imisoro mu [[Rwanda]];<ref>file:///C:/Users/NDIKUMANA%20Emmanuel/Desktop/HELPRoadshowSmartRwandaDaysListofParticipants.pdf</ref> koroshya igenamigambi ryibigo, kubishyira mubikorwa no gukurikirana amashyirahamwe yihaye intego mugihe harebwa amakuru meza kandi akora ubushakashatsi kubibazo bikenewe kugirango imikorere inoze.<ref>https://wiki.projecttopics.org/2052-agnes-kanyangeyo/index.html</ref> == Imibanire ye == Agnes yubahwaga cyane na bagenzi be; Agnes yari umuyobozi ugaragara muri urwo rwego nk'isesengura rya politiki y’ubukungu kabuhariwe muri politiki y’imisoro no gucunga imisoro. Afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga cumi n'umunani, yakoranye nabaterankunga benshi mubushakashatsi no kwandika impapuro za politiki yimisoro hamwe nincamake kubafata ibyemezo.<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=efq-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Agnes+Kanyangeyo&source=bl&ots=HtLAuJh-ci&sig=ACfU3U1draXzg-xKUoers59Lgg5Rv7YY_A&hl=rw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtpNOlq933AhWPzYUKHX5AA9g4ChDoAXoECBQQAw</ref> === Ubuhamya === Agnes yasobanuwe nkicyitegererezo. Mugenzuzi wa ICTD Fabrizio Santoro ati "Agnes yamfashije kwigirira icyizere muri njye no mu bandi bose bagize itsinda rye ry'ubushakashatsi - kuko numvaga ashimwa kandi akunzwe ku kazi. Umuyobozi witonda kandi wihangana, watanga ibitekerezo kandi akumva ibitekerezo bya buri wese. Nzahora nzana kumwibuka kandi ngerageze uko nshoboye kugirango nkurikize indangagaciro ye nurugero"<ref>https://www.ictd.ac/news/remembrance-agnes-kanyangeyo/</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] 9kt8b68u49s0gzasocn3bl7hb0s0uzr 0 10554 83482 2022-05-14T00:58:47Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kayugi Eunice uzwi kwizina Ezee Darling uyu mukobwa [https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/919/abanyarwandakazi-bibizungurezi-barimo-gukurikirwa-cyane-kubera-uburanga-nikimero-byabo-amafoto wamamaye mundirimbo]<ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/919/abanyarwandakazi-bibizungurezi-barimo-gukurikirwa-cyane-kubera-uburanga-nikimero-byabo-amafoto</ref> "Please me " ya Juno Kizingenza. Uyu mukobwa yakuze [https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/darling-wamenyekanye-mu-ndirimbo-ndirimbo-pleaseme-ya-juno-kizigenza-ari-mu aririmba muri Korari]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/article/darling-wamenyekanye-mu-ndirimbo-ndirimbo-pleaseme-ya-juno-kizigenza-ari-mu</ref>. == Reba aha == bage5idf17929c18183tvlyc1xr5m1d 0 10555 83483 2022-05-14T01:10:44Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Christine Munezero Ni [https://hose.rw/abanyarwandakazi-bamuritse-imideli-imbere-ya-rihanna-wari-wa-bidasanzwe-amafoto/ umunyarwandakazi]<ref>https://hose.rw/abanyarwandakazi-bamuritse-imideli-imbere-ya-rihanna-wari-wa-bidasanzwe-amafoto/</ref> w'umunyamideli [https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/abanyamideli-ba-webest-model-banyuranye-umucyo-muri-london-fashion-week Akaba akora na]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/abanyamideli-ba-webest-model-banyuranye-umucyo-muri-london-fashion-week</ref> WeBest Model Management (WBM) ifasha abamurika imideli babigize umwuga. == Aho yagiye == Yagaragaye mu birori byo kumurika imideli bikomeye ku Isi bya [https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/abanyamideli-ba-webest-model-banyuranye-umucyo-muri-london-fashion-week London Fashion.]<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/imideli/article/abanyamideli-ba-webest-model-banyuranye-umucyo-muri-london-fashion-week</ref> kandi yitabiriye ibirori bya [https://hose.rw/abanyarwandakazi-bamuritse-imideli-imbere-ya-rihanna-wari-wa-bidasanzwe-amafoto/ Paris Fashion Week]<ref>https://hose.rw/abanyarwandakazi-bamuritse-imideli-imbere-ya-rihanna-wari-wa-bidasanzwe-amafoto/</ref> aho inzu y’imideli ya Dior yerekanaga imyambaro yayo mishya. == Reba aha == t17p03tz4mt72her678sygsfe0qo5hr 0 10556 83484 2022-05-14T01:18:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamahoro Betty ni umunyarwandakazi ukina umukino wa Volleyball akaba [https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/rra-vc-yasinyishije-umukinnyi-mushya-abandi-batatu-bongererwa-amasezerano akinira ikipe ya RRA]<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/rra-vc-yasinyishije-umukinnyi-mushya-abandi-batatu-bongererwa-amasezerano</ref>. == Reba aha == 317tbi6wsdpohkp6n540rbznypdolfm 0 10557 83485 2022-05-14T01:24:05Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Akimana Ernestine ni umwe muba nyabanyarwandakazi ba kinira [https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore ikipe y'igihugu ya volleyball]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore</ref> mu bangavu. == Reba aha == ge4l681td70ezob6fzn7lfi3zj3ynfe 0 10558 83486 2022-05-14T01:31:11Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamahora ni umunyarwandakazi akinira [https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore ikipe y'igihugu ya bangavu]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore</ref> ya Volleyball. == Reba aha == 63g4uuvj2l475bc5py5ooms0b7398s7 0 10559 83487 2022-05-14T01:44:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umutoni Ornella ni umunyarwandakazi w'[https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113946/ishusho-yaranze-haute-couture-2022-ku-banyamideli-babanyarwanda-bari-i-paris-113946.html umunyamindeli]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113946/ishusho-yaranze-haute-couture-2022-ku-banyamideli-babanyarwanda-bari-i-paris-113946.html</ref> unaserukira igihugu cy'u Rwanda. == Reba aha == 4v259pasz5kgsms4dk2q4smnj05dcms 0 10560 83538 83488 2022-05-14T13:03:22Z Giseletuy 10890 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Gisele Ishimwe ni umunyarwandakazi [https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagore-ya-cricket-yasesekaye-i-kigali-yakirwa-gitwari ukina umukino wa Cricket]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagore-ya-cricket-yasesekaye-i-kigali-yakirwa-gitwari</ref> mu ikipe y'igihugu cy'u Rwanda. [https://crickettimes.com/player/110352/gisele-ishimwe/ Yavutse kuwa]<ref>https://crickettimes.com/player/110352/gisele-ishimwe/</ref> 11/09/2004 avukira mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagore-ya-cricket-yasesekaye-i-kigali-yakirwa-gitwari</ref><ref>https://crickettimes.com/player/110352/gisele-ishimwe/</ref> == Amashakiro == ssa72bv6nar350akuddnqvayksek9pp 0 10561 83525 83521 2022-05-14T10:12:38Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukeshimana Assumpta.jpg|thumb|Mukeshimana Assumpta Umunyamakurukazi wa Siporo]] Mukeshimana Assumpta umunyarwandakazi ukora ibiganiro bya siporo mu [[Rwanda]]. Assumpta yatangiye gukora siporo muri 2011.bavugako umubare w’abagore bakora mu itangazamakuru ugereranyije n’uw’abagabo uracyari hasi. Ibi bituma usanga hari n’ibiganiro bimwe na bimwe bisa n’ibyahariwe abanyamakuru b’abagabo. Muri ibyo biganiro twavuga nk’ibijyanye na Politike, ubukungu ndetse na Siporo. Assumpta Mukeshimana, umunyamakuru w’umugore ukora mu ishami rya Siporo kuri TV1, akaba amaze imyaka isaga itanu akora aka kazi.yafashe icyemezo cyo gukora ibyo bagenzi be bamwe batinye, inzitane yahuye nazo n’ibindi.<ref>https://iribanews.rw/2020/03/08/mukeshimana-umunyamakuru-wumugore-ukora-mu-ishami-rya-sport-ati-numvaga-nanjye-nabishobora/</ref> == Imibereho y'umwuga == Mukeshimana Assumpta abavugako umukobwa ukora ibya sport aba yarananiranye, abavugako aba ari umugore w’ abakinnyi bose n’abatoza, ni byinshi ariko umuntu iyo ukora akazi ugakunze, ibyo byose biza ubirebesha amaso, ubundi ugakomeza kubaho kandi unakora cyane..<ref><nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/who-are-top-female-sports-journalists-rwanda-meet-women-runningthe-show</nowiki></ref>Mukeshimana avugako bitaba byoroshye ariko yasanze mu buzima bwose bisaba gukora amahitamo y’ibyangombwa mu buzima. Kubihuza ntakundi ni ugukora akazi mu gihe cyako hanyuma mu mwanya karangiye akita no kurugo rwe. Nirinda kujya mu bintu byinshi byatuma mpuga kugirango umwanya mbonye nabo mu rugo bambone.<ref>https://iribanews.rw/2020/03/08/mukeshimana-umunyamakuru-wumugore-ukora-mu-ishami-rya-sport-ati-numvaga-nanjye-nabishobora/</ref>Ikindi abwira igitsina gore icya mbere bakwiye kwiyumvamo ko bashoboye kandi bakirinda kugumana ibitekerezo bibabwira ko batakora neza, badafite ubuhanga. Ikindi bagakora cyane kuko ntabwo kuba umunyamakuru mwiza byizana bisaba gukora no gushirika ubute. Hanyuma byaba bibabaje U [[Rwanda]] ruri mu bihugu biha urubuga abagore, maze mu banyamakuru hakaba hakiri abacyumva ko badashoboye kandi barahawe umwanya.<ref>https://iribanews.rw/2020/03/08/mukeshimana-umunyamakuru-wumugore-ukora-mu-ishami-rya-sport-ati-numvaga-nanjye-nabishobora/</ref> == Ibirambuye. == 1xbrszysmewq61gvinexh6q5lr4t9uh 0 10562 83507 83505 2022-05-14T06:16:15Z Puerta25 10599 /* Aho yavukiye. */ wikitext text/x-wiki Jane Uwimana Umunyarwandakazi ukora umwuga Witangaza makuru ndetse akaba numuririmbyi usubiramo indirimbo bizwi nka"karaoke".<ref><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-jane-uwimana-uzwi-cyane-mu-muziki-wa-karaoke</nowiki></ref> Jane Uwimana Kuva 2005 nibwo yatangiye Umwuga Witangaza makuru Kugeza nubu ariko 2008 Nibwo yatangiye kubifatanya Nogusubiramo indirimbo bizwi nka karaoke Nubu akibikora<ref><nowiki>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/video-uwimana-jane-amaze-imyaka-11-aririmba-mu-kabari-yakuyemo-inzu</nowiki></ref> == Aho yavukiye. == Jane Uwimana yavukiye Inyamirambo. == Aho yakoze. == Yatangiye Akora kuri Radio Umucyo Aho yavuye ajya kuri City Radio(2006-2008).<ref><nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/jane-uwimana-amaze-kwiyubakira-inzu-no-kugura-imodoka-kubera-karaoke</nowiki></ref> Aho yanatangiye gukora Karaoke<ref><nowiki>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/rjsshb/article/view/205490</nowiki></ref> Jane Uwimana Amaze Imyaka 14 akora karaoke Avugako biba bigoye kuku arakazi gakorwa ninjoro Abenci bakibeshya ko Ari uburaya, Abenci mubagabo Bamusaba ko batahana Bakeka ko Yigurisha<ref><nowiki>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60793987.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQKKAFQArABIIACAw%3D%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=16525072182340&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fgahuza%2Famakuru-60793987</nowiki></ref> Jane Uwimana Yamenyekanye cyane akora kuri Radio10 ,(2008-2013). Muri Gicurasi 2013 Aho yaje guhagarika itangaza makuru kubera gutwita. Yaje kurigarukamo muri 2014 Irangira, Agaruka akora kuri Lemigo TV, Ahava ajya kuri Royal FM, Aho yavuye 2016 Ajya kuri Kiss Fm, arinaho Akora Ubu. == Ibirambuye. == hdpcfqs86rgazoz0m94vb7ngvorsfvd 0 10563 83506 2022-05-14T05:49:23Z Puerta25 10599 Puerta25 moved page [[Janne Uwimana]] to [[Jane Uwimana]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Jane Uwimana]] oge8m9qhj3l5h669ien0yxjtc2uz6dr 0 10564 83508 2022-05-14T06:25:44Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Anna Mugabo, umuyobozi w’umurimo muri Minisiteri y’abakozi ba Leta n’umurimo, arangwa no gushishikariza urubyiruko rwinshi kujya mu mahugurwa y’ubuhanga kugira ngo babe abashoramari<ref>https://www.jobinrwanda.com/index.php/news/amid-challenges-youth-tiptoe-self-employment</ref>.<ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/isae-students-urged-to-focus-on-job-creation</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/83781</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/29093</ref><ref>https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/RWA/LPAC%20Youth.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/16613</ref> == Umusanzu == Gashyantare 19 /2011 Anna Mugabo yahuye na Trivets Deepak hamwe nabakozi mirongo itatu na batatu birukanwe kugirango bumvishe Deepak ko igomba gusubiza abakozi akazi kabo muri UTEXRWA<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/28481</ref>. Mugabo yasobanuye ko guhagarika imirimo y'abakozi mirongo itatu na batatu ari ukurenga ku ngingo ya 33 y'itegeko ry'umurimo. Mu mategeko agenga umurimo ingingo ya 33 ivuga ko, “urutonde rwo kwirukana rugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe imikorere, impamyabumenyi y'umwuga, igihe umara mu kigo, n'inshingano z'imibereho.” Amategeko agenga umurimo asobanura kandi ko umuyobozi yari akwiye gutanga integuza y'ukwezi mbere yo kurangiza kandi agaha abakozi inyungu zabo zanyuma, abakozi mirongo itatu na batatu ntibakire<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Rwandan_textile_workers_strike#cite_note-:1-6</ref><ref>https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/rwandan-textile-workers-strike-against-unfair-labor-practices-2011</ref> == indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] opxjocfomiu38muf22euj8azty27kub 0 10565 83509 2022-05-14T07:12:08Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nkuranga Lynder''' ni [[umugore]] w'umunyarwandakazi wari ukuriye ubutasi mu mahanga mu rwego rw'u [[Rwanda]] rishinzwe Umutekano ubu ni umukuru w'urwego rushinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58477515</ref> == UBUZIMA BWITE == Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)<ref>https://www.police.gov.rw/home/</ref> '''Nkuranga Lynder''' [wavutse muri 1982], niwe [[Umugore|mugore]] wa mbere uyobora uru rwego rushinzwe imipaka, abinjira n'abasohoka, uburenganzira bwo gukorera mu [[Rwanda]],<ref>https://www.afrik.com/rwanda-qui-est-lynder-nkuranga-premiere-femme-a-diriger-les-services-secrets</ref> inyandiko z'inzira, ubwenegihugu n'ibindi.[https://www.migration.gov.rw/]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/acp-linda-nkuranga-yagizwe-umuyobozi-muri-niss</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-named-director-general-of-immigration-and-emigration</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-yahawe-kuyobora-urwego-rw-abinjira-n-abasohoka</ref> '''Nkuranga Lynder''', ufite [[imyaka]] 40, afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'[[Amahoro (Akagari)|amahoro]] n'amakimbirane ndetse anitabira amasomo mu [[ishuri]] rya polisi rya [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]].<ref>https://www.police.gov.rw/home/</ref> Amaze [[imyaka]] irenga icumi akora muri Polisi y'[[igihugu]] y'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/acp-linda-nkuranga-yagizwe-umuyobozi-muri-niss</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-yahawe-kuyobora-urwego-rw-abinjira-n-abasohoka</ref> Umwuga we wabaye mwiza kandi byihuse kugeza ubu.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/acp-linda-nkuranga-yagizwe-umuyobozi-muri-niss</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-named-director-general-of-immigration-and-emigration</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/byinshi-kuri-acp-lynder-nkuranga-wabaye-umugore-wa-mbere-uyoboye-urwego</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58477515</ref> == Imiromo yakoze == '''Nkuranga Lynder''' yazamutse vuba mu mapeti mu gipolisi mu [[Imyaka|myaka]] igera ku 10,<ref>https://www.afrik.com/rwanda-qui-est-lynder-nkuranga-premiere-femme-a-diriger-les-services-secrets</ref> mu 2018 we n'abandi [[Umugore|bagore]] babiri Rose Muhisoni na Teddy Ruyenzi bahawe ipeti rya ACP (Assistant Commissioner of Police)<ref>https://www.police.gov.rw/home/</ref>. '''Lynder Nkuranga''' yari amaze [[umwaka]] [[Rimwe|umwe]] akuriye ishami ry'ubutasi mu mahanga mu rwego rw'u [[Rwanda]] rushinzwe umutekano National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS)<ref>https://sobanukirwa.rw/body/niss</ref> <ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/byinshi-kuri-acp-lynder-nkuranga-wabaye-umugore-wa-mbere-uyoboye-urwego</ref>. Icyo gihe nibo [[Umugore|bagore]] ba mbere bari bageze hejuru cyane mu mapeti y'igipolisi mu [[Rwanda]],<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-yahawe-kuyobora-urwego-rw-abinjira-n-abasohoka</ref> nyuma ya '''Mary Gahonzire''' wageze ku rwego rwa komiseri. '''Nkuranga''' yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri polisi irimo :<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/acp-linda-nkuranga-yagizwe-umuyobozi-muri-niss</ref><ref>https://en.igihe.com/news/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-named-director-general-of-immigration-and-emigration</ref><ref>https://www.afrik.com/rwanda-qui-est-lynder-nkuranga-premiere-femme-a-diriger-les-services-secrets</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58477515</ref> * kuba umukuru w'ibiro bya komiseri mukuru wa polisi y'u [[Rwanda]]. * Yanabaye umuvugizi wungirije wa polisi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/byinshi-kuri-acp-lynder-nkuranga-wabaye-umugore-wa-mbere-uyoboye-urwego</ref> * Yabaye kandi umukuru w'urwego rwa [[Kigali]] International Conference Declaration (KICD) ruhuriwemo n'abagore mu nzego z'umutekano z'ibihugu 42 bya Africa, rugamije kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsinda n'ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana.<ref>https://www.icglr-rtf.org/6th-kigali-international-conference-declaration-kicd-annual-general-meeting-on-the-role-of-security-organs-to-end-violence-against-women-and-girls/</ref> <ref>https://police.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/images/News-2016/RNP_-_KICD_Supplement.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58477515</ref> * Umwaka ushize, mbere yo kugirwa ukuriye ubutasi mu mahanga yari komiseri ushinzwe ubutwererane na protocol muri polisi.<ref>https://www.police.gov.rw/home/</ref><ref>https://www.afrik.com/rwanda-qui-est-lynder-nkuranga-premiere-femme-a-diriger-les-services-secrets</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/acp-lynder-nkuranga-yahawe-kuyobora-urwego-rw-abinjira-n-abasohoka</ref> * '''Nkuranga Lynder''' umwe mu bagore bacye bari mu rwego rwo hejuru mu mapeti ya polisi y'u Rwanda usigaye ari umukuru w'urwego rushinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka.<ref>https://www.migration.gov.rw/</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/byinshi-kuri-acp-lynder-nkuranga-wabaye-umugore-wa-mbere-uyoboye-urwego</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-58477515</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] [[Ikiciro:Ushinzwe umutekano]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamwuga]] 6e4o588l1z3jbu9hc5gp206c3ncgunm 14 10566 83510 2022-05-14T07:13:14Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umupolisi 600gnsd2lrg79kz9gf2ixjo9hmjik0k 14 10567 83511 2022-05-14T07:14:01Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Ushinzwe umutekano 1c2ltsg8cj9cl50gmvjmgc5xulrjc4k 0 10568 83512 2022-05-14T07:50:06Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki == UBUZIMA == '''Gahonzire Mary''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]], 1962. Yakuriye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].Mu 1987, Gahonzire amaze kurangiza [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]], yasabye kwinjira mu gipolisi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] ayishyamo. Yabaye kandi Komiseri Mukuru mu gipolisi cy'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/87721</ref> == IMIRIMO YAKOZE == '''Gahongayire Mary''' yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'apolisi y'[[igihugu]] mbere yuko agirwa komiseri mukuru w'ungirije b'urwego rushinzwe amagereza mu [[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]].<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mary-gahonzire-mu-bapolisi-308-basezerewe</ref> ubu yahagaritse imirimo akaba Yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru.<ref>https://www.bwiza.com/?Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-ntibakiri-abayobozi-ba-RCS</ref><ref>https://www.umusingi.org/en/archives/2638</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gen-Rwarakabije-na-Mary-Gahonzire-basimbujwe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-RCS</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/gen-rwarakabije-na-com-mary-gahonzire-bavanywe-ku-buyobozi-bwa-rcs.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umupolisi]] jncei58fet6q8kdzv2sgq9qntxan6k1 14 10569 83513 2022-05-14T07:50:44Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Abanyarwandakazi 1lx4znc8l7qmc46mx3uhpxinl9ik45i 0 10570 83514 2022-05-14T07:53:28Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Sophie Nyirabakwiye, amaze imyaka irenga 15 mu iterambere ryigihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Yakoreye UNDP Niger aho yari ibidukikije ninzobere mu bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imyaka itatu akorera muri Nigeriya no gufatanya nizindi gahunda mubihugu duturanye byamuhaye kwerekana imiterere y’ibinyabuzima n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe mu karere ka Sahel.<ref>http://rema.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/Documents/rema_doc/WED%202016/WED%202016%20Report.pdf</ref> == Amashuri == Sophie Nyirabakwiye Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu bijyanye no gucunga ibidukikije yakuye muri kaminuza ya [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=L&ai=DChcSEwiE0MqmuN73AhUFNZEKHZu4AQEYABABGgJjZQ&ae=2&ei=clZ_Yr2cD4yE1sQP9aS-QA&sig=AOD64_0iqwWhgqPhQUJM-lje-G8roJAdnw&q&sqi=2&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwi9ncOmuN73AhUMgpUCHXWSDwgQ0Qx6BAgCEAE Cape Town]. == Akazi == Sophie Nyirabakwiye, afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 13 mu kazi mu iterambere ry’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga binyuze muri gahunda z’umuryango w’abibumbye. Yakoze kandi muri UNDP u Rwanda nk'umuyobozi w'itsinda rishinzwe kurwanya ubukene na gahunda y'ibidukikije imyaka itanu. Muri kiriya gihe, Sophie yatsindiye ibihembo mpuzamahanga byo guhanga udushya kandi ashyigikira igipimo cyayo cyiza kugeza ku mugabane wa Afurika muri 2017 (YouthConnekt Africa). Iki gipimo cyari cyarakusanyije abafatanyabikorwa nka UNCTAD, AfDB, KOICA, AU, Fondasiyo ya Tony Elumelu, n'andi masosiyete. y'abikorera ku giti cyabo n'imiryango yo mu karere & mpuzamahanga. Yakoze muri [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]], [[Madagasikari]], u [[Rwanda]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] na [[Senegali]] mu nshingano zinyuranye guhera ku nzobere mu bya tekinike kugeza ku muyobozi w'itsinda mu bice bitandukanye cyane cyane kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, kuvugurura urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, kurwanya ubucuruzi bw'ubuzima butemewe n'amategeko, kwangirika kw'ubutaka, imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ubukungu bw'icyatsi n'ubururu, guhangana n’amazi y’amazi, kugabanya ubukene binyuze mu mirimo y’urubyiruko, kubona imari, gukora neza, imibereho irambye, n’ibindi bice byiterambere ry’ubukungu.<ref>https://www.mineduc.gov.rw/news-detail/press-release-mineduc-to-conduct-quality-education-enhancement-awareness-campaign-the-fifth-phase-from-may-27th-to-june-07th-2019</ref> == Ubuyobozi == Yayoboye imiyoborere yizindi gahunda zagenze neza zirimo Imari y’ibinyabuzima, gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, Iterambere ry’imidugudu iteza imbere, Ubukungu bw’ibidukikije bwagiye bukurikirana ibiganiro bya Politiki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, Ubukene n’ibidukikije, Ikigega cy’ibidukikije, Ikigega cy’ubutaka n’ibidukikije, n'ibindi. .. Muri Madagasikari, akora nk'umujyanama wa tekiniki ushinzwe ibidukikije n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Yashyigikiye ishyirwaho rya gahunda yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, guteza imbere umushinga wo kwitegura (GCF), na gahunda igamije kurwanya icuruzwa ry’ibinyabuzima bitemewe, imari y’ibinyabuzima, ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja no ku nkombe zo kubungabunga / kubungabunga ibidukikije, yashyigikiye ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya NDC, guteza imbere umutungo wa GCF. , ibiganiro ku bukungu bwubururu.<ref>https://womenforenvironment.org/we_are/sophie-nyirabakwiye/</ref><ref>https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00MT2T.pdf</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] mnvq59zs9r4hmr3nvonyh9dgsipfi1i 0 10571 83515 2022-05-14T09:08:51Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Yvonne Umulisa inzobere mu by'ubushakashatsi<ref>https://ju.se/en/research/defences-of-doctoral-theses/archive-2020.html</ref> akaba ni umwarimu w’ubukungu muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] mu ishami ry’ubukungu<ref>https://cbe.ur.ac.rw/Dr-Yvonne-UMULISA</ref>. == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu mpuzamahanga n'iterambere yakuye muri [https://uclouvain.be/fr/index.html Académie Universitaire Louvain], mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] na PhD mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Jönköping, [[Suwede]] (mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]]: International and Development Economics from [[:fr:Académie_Louvain|Académie Universitaire Louvain]], Belgium and a PhD in Economics from [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwjvqf3UxN73AhUxj2gJHbW3DkkYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&sig=AOD64_1YmUhko-97s8ZtnFhwbImCwhkySw&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiCrvPUxN73AhXESvEDHTVXCPAQ0Qx6BAgDEAE Jönköping University], Sweden) == Akazi == Yakoze muri MINECOFIN nk'umukozi ushinzwe Isesengura rya Politiki yiterambere ninzobere mubushakashatsi (mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]]: Development Policy Analyst and Research Expert MINECOFIN) Oct 2012 - Oct 2014. Kanama 2016 - Kugeza ubu ni umwarimu muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]].<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yvonne-Umulisa</ref> == Ubushakashatsi == Ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanze ku bukungu bwo guhuza amafaranga mu karere ka [[:en:East_Africa|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]]. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yatewe inkunga n’igitekerezo cy’ahantu heza h’ifaranga, ubushakashatsi bwe kugeza ubu bwibanze ku bukungu bw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba ([http://www.eamu.edu.kh/en/about-us/history-of-eamu EAMU]), kugira ngo butange ibimenyetso bifatika byo kumenyesha abafata ibyemezo by’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza. Ubushakashatsi bwe kugeza ubu bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyo kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu no muri Afurika y'Iterambere. Inyinshi mu myigishirize ye ikubiyemo Microeconomie Intermediate Microeconomics, Operations Research, Advanced Macroeconomics théorie, Politiki y’ifaranga n’amafaranga na Banki haba muri kaminuza ndetse na master's program. === Ibitabo yanditse === Umulisa, Y. (2016). Ingaruka z'ifaranga rusange ku bucuruzi hagati y'akarere muri Afurika (Mu [[icyongereza]]: Effects of a Common Currency on Intra-Regional Trade in Africa)<blockquote>Ibitekerezo byubumwe bwumuryango wibihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba. Muri Almas Heshmati (Iv.) Kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu, Ihuriro ry’ifaranga, hamwe n’iterambere rirambye kandi ryuzuye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (p. 77-96). Gusohora mpuzamahanga. DOI: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-30432-8_5.</blockquote>Umulisa, Y., & Habimana, O. (2018). Inzira yubucuruzi Guhuza hamwe na Core-Periphery Ibishushanyo mubihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba: (mu [[icyongereza]]: Business cycle Synchronization and Core-Periphery Patterns in the East African Community)<blockquote>A wavelet approach, ''Journal of Economic Integration'', 33(4). 629-658. DOI : 10.11130/jei.2018.33.4.629</blockquote>Umulisa, Y. (2020). Kugereranya inyungu z'ubucuruzi bw'umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ziteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y'akarere, Isuzuma ry'iterambere rya Afurika, 32 (1), 55-66. DOI: 10.1111 / 1467-8268.12414 (mu [[Icyongereza]]: Estimation of the East African Community’s trade benefits from promoting the intra-regional trade, ''African Development Review'', 32(1), 55-66. DOI : 10.1111/1467-8268.12414)<ref>https://ur.ac.rw/profiles/?q=node/2</ref> == Ibyo yatanze (Submissions) == Umulisa, Y., (2020). Guhuriza hamwe mubucuruzi no kuzunguruka mubucuruzi Guhuza ibihugu bya Afrika yuburasirazuba. yashyikirijwe Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (mu [[Icyongereza]]: Trade integration and Business Cycles Synchronization among East African Community Countries. submitted to ''the International Trade Journal.)''<ref>https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1422325/FULLTEXT01.pdf</ref> Hacker, S. na Umulisa, Y., (2021). Ibisanzwe mu nzego no ku kigero cy’ibiciro by’ifaranga mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Byoherejwe Kumasoko Yimari Yimari nubucuruzi Ikinyamakuru (mu [[Icyongereza]]: Commonalities in the levels and movements of inflation rates among countries in the East African Community. Submitted to ''the Emerging Market Finance and Trade Journal)''<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1997738</ref> Habimana, O., Sesay, V.A., Umulisa, Y., (2021). Ubucuruzi bwinzira yubucuruzi muri ECOWAS: Intangiriro na peripheri. Byoherejwe mu kinyamakuru cya Asimmetries yubukungu ( mu [[Icyongereza]]: Business cycle synchronicity within ECOWAS : The core and the periphery. ''Submitted to the Journal of Economic Asymmetries.)'' == Isoko == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] qod4ktp1n4r71dqn8xesgj7rfpmvz0w 0 10572 83519 83516 2022-05-14T09:29:47Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mathilde_Mukantabana_&_Mauricio_Macri.jpg|thumb|306x306px| Mathilde Mukantabana & Mauricio Macri perezida wa Argentine]] '''Mathilde Mukantabana''' (wavutse 1958) ni umunyapolitiki n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] wavukiye i [[Butare]]<ref>https://rwandaembassy.org/the-embassy/ambassadors-message</ref><ref>https://www.rwanda-podium.org/index.php/actualites/education/1839-uindy-usa-rwandan-ambassador-mathilde-mukantabana-lecture</ref>, kuri ubu akora nka ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Amerika]] akaba na Ambasaderi uhagarariye [[Megizike|Mexico]], [[Burezile|Burezili]], na [[Arijantine]] . Ni Perezida akaba ari nawe washinze umuryango udaharanira inyungu Friends of [[Rwanda]] Association (FORA ). <ref>https://genesisbizz.com/Abategura-Miss-Rwanda-bahuye-na-Ambasaderi-w-u-Rwanda-muri-Amerika</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/envoy-draws-parallels-between-martin-luthers-vision-and-rwanda-recovery</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 8re12jxhiefotzj0p32a2ju7ivp8bod 0 10573 83517 2022-05-14T09:28:31Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kantengwa Judith Heard''', ni umunyarwandakazi umaze kubaka izina mu kumurika imideli<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igitutu-no-kwitinya-ntibyabaheranye-urugendo-rw-abanyarwanda-10-bubatse-izina</ref> yegukanye ikamba rya Nyampinga atadukanye. == UBUZIMA == '''Kantegwa Judith Heard''' Uyu mugore w’imyaka 34 y’amavuko afite inkomoko mu [[Rwanda]] ariko uri Uganda ari naho atuye.<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyarwanda-kantengwa-uba-muri-uganda-yegukanye-igihembo-cya-nyampinga-mpuzamahanga-wa-afurika-mu-irushanwa-ryaberaga-mu-buhinde/</ref> akaba ari umunyamideli ukorera muri Uganda, yegukanye igihembo cya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Nyampinga]] bitadukanye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-46895122</ref> Judith Heard ni Umunyarwandakazi uzwi mu kwerekana imideli, yubatse izina muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. <ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/judith-heard-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-elite-africa</ref>Ni [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w’[[abana]] barimo [[Rimwe|umwe]] yafashe akiyemeza kumurera ndetse n’impanga yabyaranye n’umugabo we, Umunyamerika Dr. Alex Heard unamwongerera imbaraga mu bikorwa bye byo kumurika no guhanga imideli. Gusa baje gutandukana mu 2019 nyuma y’[[imyaka]] 13 babana. <ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyarwanda-kantengwa-uba-muri-uganda-yegukanye-igihembo-cya-nyampinga-mpuzamahanga-wa-afurika-mu-irushanwa-ryaberaga-mu-buhinde/</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igitutu-no-kwitinya-ntibyabaheranye-urugendo-rw-abanyarwanda-10-bubatse-izina</ref> <ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/judith-heard-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-elite-africa</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/kantengwa-judith-wasambanyijwe-ku-gahato-n-abasirikare-yashinze-umuryango-wihariye</ref><ref>https://touchrwanda.tumblr.com/post/184502057981/umunyarwandakazi-kantengwa-judith-heard-yongeye</ref> == AMAKAMBA YEGUKANYE == '''Kantengwa Judith''' Heard usanzwe abifite inkomoko mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse na [[Ubugande|Uganda]],<ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyarwanda-kantengwa-uba-muri-uganda-yegukanye-igihembo-cya-nyampinga-mpuzamahanga-wa-afurika-mu-irushanwa-ryaberaga-mu-buhinde/</ref> kuko afite se umubyara ari w'umunyarwanda akagira undi nyina w'umugandekazi. Ubwo yajyaga muri Nyampinga Miss Elite yavuzeko ahagarariye [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba kuko ababyeyi be bavuka mu [[Igihugu|bihugu]] bitandukanye rero hombi baramushyigikiye.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-46895122</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/kantengwa-judith-wasambanyijwe-ku-gahato-n-abasirikare-yashinze-umuryango-wihariye</ref> * yitabiriye irushanwa ryari ririmo inkumi zitandukanye zavuye mu bihugu 36, aho insanganyamatsingo yagiraga iti ”Beauty starts with environmental care". nuko yegukana ikamba rya [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|nyampinga]] mpuzamahanga wa [[Afurika]] w’Ibidukikije (Miss Environment Africa International), muri irushanwa ryaberaga i Mumbai mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]. <ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyarwanda-kantengwa-uba-muri-uganda-yegukanye-igihembo-cya-nyampinga-mpuzamahanga-wa-afurika-mu-irushanwa-ryaberaga-mu-buhinde/</ref> * Uyu kandi yegukanye ikamba, seritifika (certificate) na kontaro yo kwamamaza itaramenyakana ibiyikubiyemo yahawe n’Umuyobozi wa Miss environment International.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/judith-heard-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-elite-africa</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-46895122</ref> == ARI UMUYOBOZI == uyu '''Kantegwa''' yitabiriye urushanwa ryo guteka rya gorolla Highland Silverchef Competition 2019 ryabereye muri Five Volcanoes Boutique Hotel iri mu [[akarere ka Musanze]] rihuze abatetsi 13 baturutse mu bihugu nku [[Rwanda]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Iharanira]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Demukarasi]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ya Congo]].Akaba yari umwe mubagize akanama nkemurampaka katanganga amanota harimo umunyarwandakaziuba muri [[Ubugande|uganda]].<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-46895122</ref> <ref>https://ibyamamare.com/umunyarwanda-kantengwa-uba-muri-uganda-yegukanye-igihembo-cya-nyampinga-mpuzamahanga-wa-afurika-mu-irushanwa-ryaberaga-mu-buhinde/</ref>Uyu mubyeyi w’icyamamare<ref>https://m.eachamps.rw/10960/comment.html</ref> muri '''[[Ubugande|Uganda]]''' '''Kantegwa Judith Heard''' asanzwe azwi mu kumurika imideli. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/93325/judith-heard-yageze-i-kigali-akomoza-kuri-nyirakuru-umaze-umwaka-yitabye-imana-amafoto-93325.html</ref><ref>https://inkanga.com/amafoto-yubwambure-bwumunyarwandakazi-kantengwa-judith-yongeye-kujya-ku-hanze/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/igitutu-no-kwitinya-ntibyabaheranye-urugendo-rw-abanyarwanda-10-bubatse-izina</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/judith-heard-yegukanye-ikamba-rya-miss-elite-africa</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamideli]] o4cgo73norn8xql69p7w2f4dnq3k6wo 14 10574 83518 2022-05-14T09:29:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyamideli jfqjn769jnr8rnxtlkp4xdv3qhjnd1r 0 10575 83522 2022-05-14T09:36:48Z Camilopiz 9834 Camilopiz moved page [[Assumpta mukeshimana]] to [[Mukeshimana Assumpta]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mukeshimana Assumpta]] f1afn5w49d3mlufv1xffif9lyng2clf 0 10576 83526 83524 2022-05-14T10:21:07Z Camilopiz 9834 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukabaranga Agnes''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w'Umunyapolitiki. <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023063923/http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw/SE/uk/compo/agnes.html</ref> Mukabaranga ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi ya Gikristo (PDC) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-[[Afurika]] ndetse akaba yarahoze mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ndetse na Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.urwego.com/2012/09/umuseke-abasenateri-batandatu-bagomba.html</ref>. Ni umunyamategeko byumwuga.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4016168</ref> <ref name="HansWuerth">https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015651/http://articles.mcall.com/2004-04-20/opinion/3543940_1_genocide-rwanda-president-paul-kagame</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Mukabaranga yagizwe umunyamuryango wa mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Leta y’inzibacyuho nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1994 <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ</ref> Mu mwaka 2003, itegeko nshinga rihoraho ryemejwe mu gihugu ryashyizeho igihugu cy’amashyaka menshi gifite inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe na sena n’umutwe w’abadepite. <ref>http://www.economist.com/node/1817766</ref> Mukabaranga yagizwe senateri nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] agatorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere mu itegeko nshinga rishya. <ref>http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election</ref> Yari umwe mu bagore 39 batowe cyangwa bashyizwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri uwo mwaka, ugereranije n'abagabo 41. Yarahiriye guharanira ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], yashimangiye uruhare rw'umugore muri iki gikorwa, agira ati: "Abagore biteguye kurushaho kumvikana, bakunda amahoro kandi bafasha mu bwiyunge. <ref name="HansWuerth" /><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl</ref> Mu mwaka 2013, mbere yo kuva muri sena, Mukabaranga yatorewe manda y'amezi atandatu nk'umuvugizi w'ihuriro ry’igihugu ngishwanama ku mashyaka ya politiki ( National Consultative Forum), uruhare yagize ku bufatanye na Sylvie Mpongera wo mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’u [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Socialist Party, PSR)<ref>http://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Mukabaranga Agnes yabuze abavandimwe be muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umubyeyi w'Abana bane<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/07/former-presidential-candidate-endorses-kagame/</ref>. == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] bsyseihm8jwbj9dlk3a4sq9at7uccqx 0 10577 83528 83527 2022-05-14T10:37:53Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teta Gisa Rwigema''' Umukobwa wa Maj Gen Fred Rwigema umuyobozi w'ishami ry'umuryango wa [[Afurika|Afrika]] yunze ubumwe muri Minisiteri y'ubumwe n'amahanga n'ubutwererane yu [[Rwanda|Rwand]]<nowiki/>a<ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umukobwa-wa-Maj-Gen-Fred-Rwigema-yahawe-imirimo-n-Inama-y-Abaminisitiri</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Perezida-Kagame-yishimiye-gutaha-ubukwe-bw-umukobwa-wa-Maj-Gen-Fred-Rwigema&fbclid=IwAR0o6XXW6f087-qiuVyLblSR3qqcoKX9ZuMHGVPqv91iW8xbHaBsQued05w</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/perezida-kagame-yasabye-umuhungu-wa-rwigema-gutaha-mu-rugo-akima-amatwi</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111190/teta-gisa-umukobwa-wintwari-gen-fred-rwigema-yarushinze-na-marvin-manzi-mu-birori-byitabir-111190.html</ref> akaba yari aherutse gukora ubukwe nu mugabo we bakundanye kuba mu bwana witwa '''Marvin Manzi'''. Ubukwe bwitabiriwe na Peresida wu [[rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]]. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111190/teta-gisa-umukobwa-wintwari-gen-fred-rwigema-yarushinze-na-marvin-manzi-mu-birori-byitabir-111190.html</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Umukobwa-wa-Maj-Gen-Fred-Rwigema-yahawe-imirimo-n-Inama-y-Abaminisitiri</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] dtt7x183e5un2j59qrq1j6l7ka1hgjl 0 10578 83529 2022-05-14T10:55:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baguma Rose''' ni [[umugore]] wu'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umunyapolikite .Baguma rose wakoze muri [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|minisiteri y'uburezi]] ubwo yari Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe Politiki n’Igenamigambi <ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/icyo-mineduc-ivuga-kuri-ruswa-yagaragajwe-mu-nzego-z-uburezi</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/seven-key-areas-revamped-education-policy-will-focus</ref>, ubu akaba akora mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]] ari umunyamabanga munkuru w'inama y[[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigali]].<ref>https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=147</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] 1jzmx2fdn16d2t6zmnv4y3zxuu2pa6t 14 10579 83530 2022-05-14T10:56:18Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyapolitike gjb44mf26mmui8cjt4rcunufy8v7wf3 0 10580 83531 2022-05-14T11:11:37Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Mukamana Liberata ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umwarimu muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]], afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri Kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Kampala muri 2014 ([[Ubugande|Uganda]])<ref>https://ursweden.ur.ac.rw/?q=node/460</ref> == Amashuri == Liberata MUKAMANA afite impamyabumenyi y’ubukungu yakuye mu cyahoze ari [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (2007), impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Microfinance yakuye muri kaminuza ya [https://en.unibg.it/ Belgamo] ([[Ubutaliyani]], 2008), Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (mu [[icyongereza]]: Post Graduate Diploma in Gender and Local Economic Development from Makerere University ([[Ubugande|Uganda]], 2011) mu bijyanye n'uburinganire n'iterambere ry'ubukungu muri kaminuza ya [https://www.mak.ac.ug/ Makerere] ([[Ubugande|Uganda]], 2011), Master mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza mpuzamahanga ya Kampala ([[Ubugande|Uganda]], 2014). Kuri ubu (2018) umukandida wa PhD mu bushakashatsi bw’uburinganire muri [https://www.mak.ac.ug/ kaminuza ya Makerere], muri [[Ubugande|Uganda.]] == Akazi == Amaze kurangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (Bachelor), yakoze nk'umukozi ushinzwe kegeranya ibimenyetso muri COPABU (Coperative des producteurs artisans de [[Butare]]) kuva 2006 kugeza 2007. Yari ashinzwe guhuza no kugenzura ibikorwa byose byo kohereza ibicuruzwa by'ubukorikori bya COPABU mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]. Ibikorwa nyamukuru kwari ukugenzura ibikorwa by’umusaruro mu cyaro, guteza imbere amahame y’ubucuruzi bukwiye, gushakisha ibyangombwa byose bisabwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, gukorana n’amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa biva mu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]. Nyuma y’amasomo ya muri Microfinance mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], yinjiye muri kaminuza nkuru y’u [[Rwanda]] aho akora kugeza ubu. Yakoze kandi nk'umujyanama mu mahugurwa muri Gender Mainstreaming ku bakozi b'ikigo gishinzwe amakuru ya geografiya na Sensing ya kure (CGIS) n'ishami rya geografiya, Ishuri ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga, [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] muri 2014. == Ubushakashatsi == * Ubukungu buciriritse, (Microeconomics) * Guteza imbere ubukungu bw'abagore,( Women’s economic empowerment) * Uburinganire n'iterambere, (Gender and development) * Ubukungu (Financial economics) == Ibitabo yakoze == Igenzura ku mikoreshereze yinguzanyo nuburyo bwo kugabana uburinganire hagati yumurimo mubikorwa biterwa inkunga ninguzanyo: Urubanza rwa Duterimbere MFI mu [[Rwanda]], rwasohotse muri Cogent Social Science 27 Ukuboza 2017, ( mu [[icyongereza]]: Control over the utilization of the loan and the pattern of the gendered division of labor in the loan-funded activity : A case of Duterimbere MFI in [[Rwanda]], published in Cogent Social Sciences 27 December 2017)<ref>https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1421010</ref> Guteza imbere uburinganire bw’umugabo mu kubona inguzanyo ziciriritse binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutanga inguzanyo ku bagore byibasira MFIs: Ibimenyetso byatanzwe na Duterimbere MFI yo mu [[Rwanda]], byasohotse mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu Vol. 4 No 3 Ugushyingo 2016 ( mu [[icyongereza]]: Promoting gender equality in access to microcredit through flexible lending approaches of female targeting MFIs : Evidence from Duterimbere MFI of [[Rwanda]], published in the International Journal of Business and Economic Development Vol. 4 No 3 of November 2016) <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liberata-Mukamana</ref><ref>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-4017</ref> Microcredit yo guteza imbere ubushobozi butanga umusaruro wabakene: imyumvire yuburinganire mubakiriya ba Duterimbere MFI mu Rwanda yasohotse mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubuhanzi n’ubumenyi rusange, Vol. 3 No 6 Kanama, 2015 ( mu [[icyongereza]]: Microcredit for promoting the productive capacity of the poor : a gender outlook among the clients of Duterimbere MFI in Rwanda published in International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, Vol. 3 No. 6 of August, 2015) <ref>https://chuss.mak.ac.ug/events/sites/default/files/downloads/Ms%20Mukamana%27s%20abstract0001.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/MICROCREDIT-FOR-PROMOTING-THE-PRODUCTIVE-CAPACITY-A-Mukamana/127f53c99f0b33ca93542b49511a73e31bfe4c71</ref> Umusanzu w’amashyirahamwe y’abagore mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’abategarugori muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ishyirahamwe ry’imiryango y’abagore muri Uganda (Nawou), bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy’u Rwanda Umubumbe wa 26, Urukurikirane B: 2012 Ubumenyi bw’imibereho ( mu [[icyongereza]]: The Contribution of Women Organizations to the Economic Empowerment of Craftswomen in Uganda, case study of the National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda (Nawou), published in Rwanda Journal Volume 26, Series B : 2012 Social Sciences) <ref>https://cbe.ur.ac.rw/MUKAMANA-Liberata</ref><ref>https://ur.ac.rw/profiles/?q=node/2</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] 4dkwl08eazonkysnz1hbkqp17m467oa 0 10581 83532 2022-05-14T11:13:51Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nishimwe Marie Grace''' ni [[umugore]] w'umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umunyapolitikekazi aho akora mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa kigal]]<nowiki/>i akaba ari umuyobizi w'inama jyanama wungirije wu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa Kigai.]]<ref>https://sobanukirwa.rw/rw/request/nishimwe_marie_grace</ref><ref>https://www.oicrf.org/-/moving-towards-real-time-land-governance-monitoring-in-a-decentralized-setting-rwanda-s-experience</ref><ref>https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/index.php?id=147</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] 1lvkh4la7rnrkiosv2avdyvuf1w2vre 14 10582 83533 2022-05-14T11:14:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyapolitiki crdsl2b1e4oejjt3z751i4q8u24pexw 0 10583 83535 83534 2022-05-14T11:26:35Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umutesi Geraldine''' ni '''[[umugore]]''' w'umunyepolike akaba umunyarwandakazi. uyu '''Umutesi Geraldine''' akaba akora mu [[umujyi wa Kigali]], akaba kandi ari umuyobozi mukuru w'ungirije w[https://www.imbutofoundation.org/ 'imbuto Foundation]<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U37qMsQhG3Q</ref>.<ref>https://academicmedicaleducation.com/meeting/interest-2018/video/community-perspective-progress-rwanda-geraldine-umutesi-bsc</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U37qMsQhG3Q</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/featured-mku-rwanda-boosts-imbuto-foundation-rwf200-million</ref><ref>https://www.imbutofoundation.org/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] rb218y6qf781rsvikilcusmm98sb3zo 0 10584 83540 83539 2022-05-14T15:07:55Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne d'Arc Uwimanimpaye''' (yavutse 15 Kanama 1978) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi w']]<nowiki/>umunyapolitiki . Yabaye umunyamuryango w'inteko ishinga amategeko Umutwe w’abadepite kuva mu 2008. Kuva mu 2013 kugeza 2018, yabaye Visi Perezida w’Umutwe w'abadepite. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=427 Members Details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]].</ref><ref>https://www.burera.gov.rw/ahabanza</ref> == Ubuzima == Jeanne d'Arc Uwimanimpaye yarangije muri Economics muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . Mbere yo kwinjira mu Nteko, yakoraga nk'umwarimu w’ishuri ry'isumbuye, ndetse no mu nzego z'ibanze nk'umugenzuzi w'imbere mu karere akaba n'umukozi ushinzwe imibanire rusange<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kabura-basanga-kagame-yarakoze-byinshi-igihe-kimubana-gito-ku-buryo-bifuza</ref>. == umwuga == Uwimanimpaye yinjiye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda mu 2008, nk'umwe mu bahagarariye abagore batandatu mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]] . <ref>Civil Society Election Observation Mission, [http://www.rcsprwanda.org/IMG/pdf/CSEOM_final_report-englishfinal_2008.pdf Final Report: Rwandan Parliamentary Elections], November 17, 2008. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yagiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] nk'indorerezi y'amatora ya Commonwealth ku matora rusange yo mu [[Bwongereza]] 2010 . <ref>[https://www.parliament.uk/documents/CPA/Publications-Reports/20100525-COT-Final-Report.pdf Commonwealth Observer Team to the UK General Election 2010: Final Report], 2010. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite 2013, Uwimanimpaye yasubijwe mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>Edwin Musoni, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69304 Former speaker, 11 others bounce back as women representatives], ''The New Times'', September 19, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Mu Kwakira 2013, yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida wungirije ushinzwe kugenzura no gushyiraho amategeko, ahabwa amajwi 70 kuri 80. <ref>James Karuhanga, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/69713 Donatille Mukabalisa is new Speaker], ''The New Times'', October 5, 2013. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> Nk’Umuvugizi wungirije, yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kwemerera [[Paul Kagame|Perezida Kagame]] kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, nyuma y’uko icyifuzo cyari kimaze gusinywa na miliyoni 3.8<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/jeanne-darc-uwimanimpaye</ref> Uwimanimpaye yatoranijwe nk'umukandida wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|FPR-Inkotanyi]] mu matora y'abadepite yo mu 2018, <ref>[https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/07/rpf-selects-70-candidates-for-parliamentary-polls/ RPF Selects 70 Candidates for Parliamentary Polls], July 8, 2018. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> atorerwa guhagararira [[Akarere ka Gatsibo]] mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=427 Members Details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]].</ref> Yeguye ku mwanya wa Perezida wungirije, asimburwa na [[Edda Mukabagwiza]] wa FPR-Inkotanyi. <ref>Athan Tashobya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mukabalisa-re-elected-speaker-parliament Mukabalisa re-elected Speaker of Parliament], ''The New Times'', September 20, 2018.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, Uwimanimpaye yasabye ko hakorwa iperereza ku kibazo cy’amafaranga cyerekeranye n’amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi cy’u [[Rwanda]], <ref>Michel Nkurunziza, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/pac-wants-rab-officials-investigated PAC wants RAB officials investigated], ''The New Times'', September 18, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref> kandi anenga amasoko yatanzwe n’ikigo gishinzwe amakoperative mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>[https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/09/delayed-automation-of-saccos-could-cost-govt-rwf5bn/ Delayed Automation of Saccos Could Cost Gov’t Rwf5Bn], ''The New Times'', September 26, 2019. Accessed May 3, 2020.</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Ntawabuza-inyombya-kuyomba-Depite-Jeanne-d-Arc-Uwimanimpaye</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] aa79286ogy4qcu7pxffak0lgook5w8b 0 10585 83541 2022-05-14T15:23:29Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwigamba Bella''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari y’UUmukozi wa [[Minisiteri y'uburezi mu Rwanda|Minisiteri burezi]] (MINEDUC) aho ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga,<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/mineduc-ntibuza-amashuri-gukorana-na-kompanyi-z-ikoranabuhanga-bella-rwigamba</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/06/edtech-partners-point-a-finger-at-two-challenges-in-e-learning/</ref><ref>https://www.zoominfo.com/p/Diana-Rwigamba/6092123256</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] neshesxxe1truqgslb0dsupd4y4pc78 0 10586 83542 2022-05-14T15:25:18Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Musaniwabo Hope ni umunyarwandakazi [https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/hagabanyijwe-abakinnyi-b-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagabo-n-iy-abagore-bitegura ukinira ikipe y'igihugu]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/hagabanyijwe-abakinnyi-b-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagabo-n-iy-abagore-bitegura</ref> y'u Rwanda muri volleyball. == Reba aha == 9amru24rps8cycsz8lq45z3sv4jswqv 0 10587 83543 2022-05-14T15:32:29Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Mukantambara Séraphine ni umunyarwandakazi ikina mu [https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore ikipe y'igihugu y'u Rwanda]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/volleyball/article/volleyball-u-rwanda-mu-masura-mashya-rwatangiye-igikombe-cya-afurika-cy-abagore</ref> ya bangavu muri Volleyball. == Reba aha == snznpdd3zderbgvbu1fxnkubw4jp3bl 0 10588 83545 83544 2022-05-14T15:41:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[Alline Kabbatende]] to [[Alline Akintore Kabbatende]]: Guhindura izina wikitext text/x-wiki Alline Kabbatende ni umunyarwandakazi ufite imyaka 34 yamavuko, ni umukunzi wikoranabuhanga ufite amateka mumashanyarazi na elegitoroniki. Kugeza ubu niwe uhagarariye guverinoma yu [[Rwanda]] mu Ihuriro ry’UBUKUNGU BW[[Isi|’ISI]], Ikigo cy’Impinduramatwara ya Kane mu nganda aho ayoboye iterambere ry’imikorere ya tekinoloji y’ikoranabuhanga mu [[Rwanda]] ( mu icyongereza: Representative from the Government of Rwanda at WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM)<ref>https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/alline-akintore-kabbatende</ref> kandi agashyira ingufu mu guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ubufatanye bw’abafatanyabikorwa n’ibigo byigenga<ref>https://theorg.com/org/bank-of-kigali/org-chart/alline-kabbatende</ref><ref>https://ambkampala.esteri.it/ambasciata_kampala/resource/doc/2020/08/linne_guida_paul_gagame_b2b10edd-110b-4287-ba76-1c2a48118886.pdf</ref><ref>http://web.stanford.edu/group/sabf/2016/speakers.html</ref> == Amashuri == Yize muri kaminuza ya [https://www.upenn.edu/ Pennsylvania] muri Amerika. === Igitekerezo cye === Igihe cyose mbwiye abantu aho nkomoka, ikintu cya mbere kiza mubitekerezo byabo ni 1994 Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Numva nifatanije cyane na hahise hanjye. Igihe nageraga muri Amerika bwa mbere, ushinzwe abinjira n'abasohoka yarebye kuri pasiporo yanjye ahita atanga ikibazo, " uri umuhutu cyangwa umututsi? Igisubizo cyanjye cyaroroshye cyane, ndamusubiza ati "Ndi Umunyarwanda"<ref>https://www.goipeace.or.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/essay-contest_2010_en.pdf</ref>. == Amateka == Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa muri [http://www.rwandaonline.rw/ Rwanda Online Platform] Ltd<ref>https://www.arounddeal.com/profile/alline-kabbatende/r6qrpdpjop/</ref>, <ref>https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/612971434649633619-0190022013/original/HELPRoadshowSmartRwandaDaysListofParticipants.pdf</ref>itanga ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga muri PPP hamwe na leta yu [[Rwanda]] kugirango ihindure imitangire ya serivisi za leta kubanyarwanda bose, aho yubatse umubano nabafatanyabikorwa ba leta n’abikorera; kandi yayoboye iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa no kujya kumasoko kugirango batange kandi bakoreshe serivise za leta. Ubunararibonye yakoranaga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga: mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'u [[Rwanda]] (Ishami rya ICT), Samsung Electronics (HQ, [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya y'Epfo]]), Ubwikorezi rusange bw'amashanyarazi ([[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|USA]]) ndetse nk'umwanditsi usanzwe wa NewTimes (u [[Rwanda]]).<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/05/bk-plans-to-cross-list-on-the-nairobi-securities-exchange/</ref> Kuri ubu ni Umuyobozi wa Komite yaba IT mu Nama y'Ubuyobozi ya [[Banki ya Kigali]] Plc. kuva mu Gushyingo 2018<ref>https://africanfinancials.com/bk-group-rwanda-resolutions-for-agm-held-on-16-june-2021/</ref>. Ni n'umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubuyobozi y'Ikigo gishinzwe gutangaza amakuru mu Rwanda (Broadcaster Public Rwanda) | kLab Rwanda (ihuriro ry’ikoranabuhanga rya mbere mu [[Rwanda]]), Visi-Perezida w'Inama y'Ubutegetsi ya Gasabo 3D (Inzobere muri 3D CAD; Umufatanyabikorwa w'akarere ka SolidWorks), Global Shaper, Ihuriro ry'ubukungu ku Isi, [https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/kigali-hub Kigali Hub,] Umuhuzabikorwa wa Mentorship, Abakobwa muri ICT Rwanda Umutwe | munsi y’ubumwe mpuzamahanga bwitumanaho (ITU) hamwe na Speaker / Panelist: Ihuriro ryubucuruzi rya Stanford Afrika (Palo Alto, 2016), ITU Telecom World (Budapest, 2015), TransformAfrica.<ref>https://bk.rw/about-us/bank-of-kigali-plc-board-of-directors</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/why-bk-group-listing-nairobi-securities-exchange</ref><ref>https://www.rse.rw/IMG/pdf/bk_group_plc_agm_resolutions-2.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.klab.rw/public/about</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Alline Akintore Kabbatende}} l0hwdcba7sxawbq5omzf3r6mdq5lbtd 0 10589 83546 2022-05-14T15:41:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 Endikuemmy moved page [[Alline Kabbatende]] to [[Alline Akintore Kabbatende]]: Guhindura izina wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Alline Akintore Kabbatende]] 3t6odq7ogv1yx66meiu72a5elvkwc7e 0 10590 83547 2022-05-14T15:48:51Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Uwamahoro Claire ni umwe mu banyarwandakazi wo [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113946/ishusho-yaranze-haute-couture-2022-ku-banyamideli-babanyarwanda-bari-i-paris-113946.html munyamideli]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113946/ishusho-yaranze-haute-couture-2022-ku-banyamideli-babanyarwanda-bari-i-paris-113946.html</ref> angenda yerekana imyambaro y'amapani akomeye kw'isi ari nako ahesha ishema u Rwanda. == Reba aha == ljemtqa08850uh6rgh0gaoqytczrhv7 0 10591 83549 83548 2022-05-14T15:53:41Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Amelia Umuhire (yavutse 1991) ni umuyobozi wa firime yu Rwanda nu Budage, producer, n'umwanditsi. == Ubuzima == Umuhire yavukiye i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda mu 1991. Afite bashiki be babiri, Anna Dushime, umunyamakuru muri Buzzfeed, na Amanda Mukasonga, bakinnye na Umuhire. Nyina Esther Mujawayo numurwanashyaka kandi uvura ihahamuka.<ref>http://ayibamagazine.com/talking-film-director-filmmaker-amelia-umuhire/</ref> Muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda 1994, ise na nyirasenge barishwe bazira ko bari abatutsi. Umuhire yahungiye mu Budage akiri баш, yiga kandi ahabwa umuhanga kUbudage сс 11. Amaze gukura, низинг нирангма n'intego mumico nyafurika na Amerika.<ref>https://www.contemporaryand.com/exhibition/amelia-umuhire-fkbp5/</ref>Umuhire yimuk i i Vienne mat matari i <ref>http://ayibamagazine.com/talking-film-director-filmmaker-amelia-umuhire/</ref>Berlin.Muri 2015, yerekanwe bwa mbere mubuyobozi hamwe nurubuga ruzwi cyane rwa ''Polyglot'' . Yakiriye igihembo cyiza cyurubuga rwubudage. Umuhire yayoboye film ngufi ''Mugabo'' muri 2016. Ifata amashusho i Kigali, igaragaramo Afro-Burayi ifata uruzinduko mu Rwanda ku nshuro ya mbere kuva jenoside yo mu 1994.<ref>https://www.contemporaryand.com/exhibition/amelia-umuhire-fkbp5/</ref>Yayoboye videwo yashinzwe ikoreshwa nkigikorwa cyo kuzenguruka isabukuru yimyaka ''20 ya Miseducation ya Lauryn Hill''<ref>https://www.e-flux.com/video/331962/amelia-umuhire-nbsp-polyglot-ep-2-le-mal-du-pays-nbsp-homesickness/</ref>Muri 2018, Umuhire yayoboye podcast yubuzima bwa se.Yiswe ''Vaterland'', yatowe muri Prix Europa. Yayoboye amashusho ya ''King Who'', yafatiwe amashusho kwa nyirasenge, muri 2019. <ref>https://mcachicago.org/Publications/Blog/2018/Speaking-From-The-Void-A-Conversation-With-Filmmaker-Amelia-Umuhire</ref>Umuhire yahawe igihembo cya Villa Romana muri 2020<ref>https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/amelia-umuhire-unpacking-hidden-rwandese-stories/</ref>Yakoze amajwi yubushakashatsi hamwe namashusho ya ''Kana'' kubyerekeranye nubuzima kuri Mars muri 2020<ref>http://www.daily-lazy.com/2020/09/amelia-umuhire-at-gemeinde-koln-cologne.html</ref> bikorwa bye byerekanwe mu birori byinshi bya firime, harimo MOCA Los Angeles, MCA Chicago, Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Tribeca, Iserukiramuco rya Filime ry’Abanyamerika muri Smithsonian, Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi Rotterdam.<ref>https://www.contemporaryand.com/exhibition/amelia-umuhire-fkbp5/</ref> === Amashusho === * 2015: ''Polyglot'' (Urubuga) * 2016: ''Mugabo'' * 2019: ''Umwami Ninde'' * 2020: ''Kana'' === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Women]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda film director]] b1li1vk8qw8i3wwn0vhhgylhn667df7 14 10592 83550 2022-05-14T15:54:25Z Rosine Igirimpuhwe 10296 #wikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umuyobozi wabakinnyi b69eel5b740mcvaz25z5qxrpfbddf95 0 10593 83551 2022-05-14T15:55:41Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masinzo Alice''' ni Umunyamakuru w'umusiporitifu wo kuri [https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/magic/ Radio]<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/umuziki/article/umunyamakuru-alice-masinzo-yagize-icyo-abwira-abantu-bamufata-nk-ikirara-bitewe</ref> [[Rwanda]] ushimisha abamukurikiye kubera amagambo avuga ari mu kiganiro kuri [https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/magic/ radiyo] akaba akora kuri [https://onlineradiobox.com/rw/magic/ Mgic Fm].<ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/umuziki/article/umunyamakuru-alice-masinzo-yagize-icyo-abwira-abantu-bamufata-nk-ikirara-bitewe</ref> Uyu mukobwa ufite n’impano yo kuririmba cyane munjyana ya gakondo avuga ko yabikuye kuri papa we, avuga ko avuka mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|muryango]] avukamo ariwe wanyuma yakuze ari [[umwana]] ufashwe neza cyane ko yavutse ari n’umukobwa [[Rimwe|umwe]].<ref>https://iwacumarket.xyz/blog/1787/yifuza-cyane-gutererwa-umunyamakuru-wo-kuri-radio-rwanda-alice-masinzo-yasobanuye-byinshi-ku-buzima-bwe</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66889/abanyamideri-banini-barengeje-ibiro-100-berekanye-imideri-ba-66889.html</ref> kuba ari munini ntacyo bimutwara.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/66889/abanyamideri-banini-barengeje-ibiro-100-berekanye-imideri-ba-66889.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] 9a6zdvl5tw5tjzkbv18dezw523zfjyq 14 10594 83552 2022-05-14T15:56:11Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki umusiporitifu 6advu77jontyt8bq97vkbxd7ptbtz4w 0 10595 83553 2022-05-14T15:57:37Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Kentha Kirezi akaba ari umwe mu [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116885/london-kirezi-kentha-yahuriye-mu-birori-byimideli-na-kate-middleton-ushobora-kuba-umwamika-116885.html banyarwandakazi w'umunyamideli]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/116885/london-kirezi-kentha-yahuriye-mu-birori-byimideli-na-kate-middleton-ushobora-kuba-umwamika-116885.html</ref> kuri ubu ubarizwa muri London kubera impamvu z'akazi. == Reba aha == i2uslplzroql91ku1dnibzlwklo585b 0 10596 83554 2022-05-14T16:12:42Z GATETE Pacifique 9535 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Jennifer Girukwishaka [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/five-promising-female-models-watch-2022 yari mu banyamideli batanu]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/five-promising-female-models-watch-2022</ref> bagaragaye mu cyumweru cy’imyambarire ya Paris umwaka ushize. Yagaragaye mu gitaramo mpuzamahanga cyo guhaguruka ku nshuro ya mbere mu Kwakira i Paris, mu Bufaransa. Ari munsi yikigo cyerekana imideli kuva mubutaliyani, [https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113753/jennifer-girukwishaka-yaciye-agahigo-asohoka-mu-kinyamakuru-cyo-mu-bwongereza-kiri-mu-bya--113753.html Ubwongereza,]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/113753/jennifer-girukwishaka-yaciye-agahigo-asohoka-mu-kinyamakuru-cyo-mu-bwongereza-kiri-mu-bya--113753.html</ref> Ubufaransa, USA na Uno ikorera muri Barcelona na Madrid. == Reba aha == 2fdaj7421rc58i6apogh51df1eu9jky 0 10597 83555 2022-05-14T16:34:06Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habimana Mugwaneza Claudette''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba ari umubyeyi, umuyobozi, umutoza, akaba azwi ku izina rya '''Bucumu''' muri Basketball<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/women-sport-bucumu-and-her-trailblazing-mastery-two-sports</ref> ya [[Umugore|bagore]]<ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/ferwaba-yamuritse-ikirango-gishya-inasobanura-iby-umuterankunga-mushya</ref>. '''Habimana Mugwaneza Claudette''' akaba yarakiniye ikipe zitadukanye hano mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/basketball-federation-reveals-new-league-logo-second-division-schedule/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/women-sport-bucumu-and-her-trailblazing-mastery-two-sports</ref> harimo n'ikipe y'[[igihugu]] ya Basketball ya [[Umugore|bagore]], ubu akaba ari umuyobozo numujyanama w'ibyatekinike<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/basketball-federation-reveals-new-league-logo-second-division-schedule/</ref> wa FERWABA ( ishyiramwe ry'umukino wa basketball ya [[Umugore|bagore]] mu [[Rwanda]]).<ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/basketballworldcup/2023/african-qualifiers/team/Rwanda</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/03/basketball-federation-reveals-new-league-logo-second-division-schedule/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/ferwaba-yamuritse-ikirango-gishya-inasobanura-iby-umuterankunga-mushya</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/women-sport-bucumu-and-her-trailblazing-mastery-two-sports</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umutekiniciye]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umutoza]] sr5wd2gow05ne9pdeeolo6zatvelg7m 14 10598 83556 2022-05-14T16:34:49Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki umutekiniciye nvg2ggmig0l9onynz2t0lh63txhlx09 14 10599 83557 2022-05-14T16:35:32Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki Umutoza 7l1m647vi97o55ydo6ev3nmlwicrbo2 0 10600 83559 2022-05-14T17:02:34Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makeda Mahadeo''' yavukiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe Z'[[Amerika]] mu 1987.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/4264/Umunyarwandakazi-ufite-inkomoko-muri-Jamaica-Dj-Makeda-yakoreye-ubukwe-ku-Kivu-Amafoto</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Makeda yakuriye muri Jamaica ari naho yigiye kugeza muri Kaminuza avanayo impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza mu Buvanganzo bw'[[Icyongereza]], Umugabo we akaba yitwa Haguma Sacha.<ref>https://eafeed.com/makeda-mahadeo-biography-age-husband-education-net-worth/</ref> NI umukobwa wabyawe na se w'umunyarwanda Aloys Karamuheto( wamamaye nka Bongoman) naho Nyina w'umunya -Jamaica Ann Marie Witter, Bongoman umubyeyi wa Makeda wari umuhanzi akaba n'umu DJ wamamaye mu [[Rwanda]] mu njyana ya Reggae, yacurangiye mutubyiniro twakunzwe cyane mu Mujyi wa [[Nairobi]] ndetse n'i [[Kigali]]. Makeda avukana n'abavandimwe be barimo uwitwa Gicari na Jeffrey, uyu mukobwa yaje kuba mu [[Rwanda]] amaze kuba mukuru kuburyo mu myaka mike ahamaze atarabasha kumenya kuvuga [[ikinyarwanda]] gusa mubyo akora yihata cyane kwiga kukivuga.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/dj-makeda-yakowe-amafoto</ref> == Umwuga == Makeda yanyuze kuri contact FM aho yakoraga ikiganiro THe Switch yakoreye Televisiyo y'u [[Rwanda]] yisanzura mu kiganiro "Rise and Shine [[Rwanda]] ". yaanakore Journal.rw ubu akorera CNNB [[Afurika]].<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91036/umunyarwandakazi-makeda-vanessa-mdee-mu-bagize-akanama-nkemurampaka-kirushanwa-east-africa-91036.html</ref>Muri 2019 Makeda yabaye umukemurampaka muri East African Got Talent.<ref>https://eafeed.com/makeda-mahadeo-biography-age-husband-education-net-worth</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 4l6ibxd462k7oooxs41uo5f9p2vpbfz 0 10601 83560 2022-05-14T17:29:01Z Iradukundafrancine12 10244 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Baingana''' ni umuyobozi mukuru wa Urwego Bank ikorera mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://create.twu.ca/hassan2020/2018/11/18/ldrs-500-unit-8-women-in-leadership/</ref> == Amashuri yize == Christine Baingana yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Kibuli H. School muri [[Ubugande|uganda]] mu ishami ry'Imibare n'Ubukungu, amasomo ya Kaminuza yayakomereje mu Cavendish College ndetse na New Port University zo mu [[Bwongereza]]. Aha yahakuye impamyabumenyi y'Icyiciro cya Kabiri cya Kaminuza muri Business Administartion. Yize kandi muri Havard University Kennedy School of Government, aho yakuye Impamyabumenyi y'Icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza muri " Public Administration".<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/christine-baingana-wa-urwego-bank-yashyizwe-mu-bagore-10-batanga-icyizere-mu</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 12hnrg74oibukbr52ffprmw4tnmt56s 0 10602 83561 2022-05-14T17:30:14Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki Umunyarwandakazi '''Murekatete Bella''' wakoze amateka akomeye mu mukino wa Basketball y'abagore. == UBUZIMA == '''Murekatete Bella''' avuka mu [[Akarere ka Huye|aKarere ka Huye]] ho mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|intara y’amajyepfo]] yakiniye ikipe y’[[igihugu]] y’abangavu  baterengeje imyaka 16<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> ibyo byamuhesheje amahirwe yo guhita abona ikipe muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze]] [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Ubumwe]] [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|z’Amerika]].<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref> == BASKETBALL == '''Murekatete Bella'''  ubusanzwe ni umukinnyi w’ikipe y[[Igihugu|’igihugu]] ya Basketball y’[[Umugore|abagore]]<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref>  kuri ubu yamaze gusinyira ikipe ya [https://wustl.edu/ Washington University], isanzwe ikina muri [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA] , aya ni aba amahirwe kuri we atarigeze akorwa n’undi munyarwandakazi  uwo ariwe wese ukina uyu mukino.<ref>https://wustl.edu/</ref> Murekatete Bella ni we munyarwanda wa mbere ugiye gukina [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA].<ref>https://www.wnba.com/</ref> Yasinyishijwe niyi kipe y’i [https://wustl.edu/ Washington]  amasezerano y’imyaka  4 akinira iyi kipe iri muzikomeye mu mukino w’intoki  wa basketball  muri [https://www.wnba.com/ Women NBA] hariya muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze]] [[Amerika|Ubumwe z]]’[[Amerika]],<ref>https://www.wnba.com/</ref> Bella azakinira iyi kipe ya [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] akazaba yiga no muri iyi [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]].<ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] 4gdogwwm2j4pr38kk2z62gqy276mfrw 0 10603 83565 83562 2022-05-14T17:46:44Z MrTallBoy 9928 #WikigapKigali gukosora amakosa wikitext text/x-wiki '''Therese Bishagara Kagoyire''' (25 Ukuboza 1952 - 8 Nyakanga 2019) <ref name="auto2">https://en.igihe.com/news/senator-kagoyire-passes-on</ref> yari [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] w'umunyapolitiki . Kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2019, yabaye umwe mu bagize Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] . Yari umunyamuryango wa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR)<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=7651&cHash=c504271a3b575dba522d48be46eb9e18</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Bishagara yakuriye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse. <ref name="auto1">https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/news/bishagara-legacy-on-rights-2471380</ref> Yari afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima<ref>https://menyanibi.rw/senateri-bishagara-kagoyire-therese-yitabye-imana/</ref>. == Umwuga == Bishagara yakoze ubushakashatsi muri Programme de la Lutte Contre le SIDA et les Infection Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina,kandi yabaye n’ubunyamabanga buhoraho bwa komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA, Yabaye Umuyobozi w'Ikigo cy'ubuvuzi cya [[Kigali]] (1996–2004). Yabaye umwarimu w'igihe gito muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (1999–2003)<ref>https://rwandainspirer.com/2019/07/19/deceased-senator-bishagara-kagoyire-laid-to-rest-friends-family-pay-their-last-tribute-to-her/</ref>. Yakoze nka Resident Advisor Feature International / Easure Evaluation / USAID kuva 2006 kugeza 2007. Yabaye umujyanama wa tekinike muri Save the Children UK mu 2006, ndetse no muri PSI - Ibiranga gukumira VIH (2005–2006). Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2011, Bishagara yari umuyobozi wa gahunda y'igihugu ya Jhpiego / MCHIP International, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ukorana na kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins (USAID)<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201907100080.html</ref>. Yakoze mu myanya y'abagize inama y'ubutegetsi muri White Ribbon Alliance for Motherhood Safe (2007–2011), Université Libre de Kigali (2008–2011) hamwe n'ikigega cyo gutera inkunga iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]], Rwanda Local Development Support Funds (2007–2011). Yari umunyamuryango wa Association d'Exécution des Travaux d'Intérêt Public (ASSETIF). Yabaye perezida wa Profemmes Twese -Hamwe na COCAFEM / Ibiyaga Bigari (2007–2011).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/senateri-bishagara-kagoyire-therese-yitabye-imana</ref> Bishagara yinjiye mu nteko ishinga amategeko mu mutwe wa Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] muri 2011, nk'uhagarariye [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]]<ref name="ktpress2021">https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/07/funerals-of-senator-bishagara-kagoyire-therese/</ref><ref>https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/news/bishagara-legacy-on-rights-2471380</ref> . == Urupfu == Bishagara yararwaye muri Mata 2019. Yapfuye ku ya 8 Nyakanga 2019 mu bitaro bya Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, muri [[Amerika]] <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagoyire-be-laid-rest-friday</ref> Yashyinguwe mu irimbi rya Rusororo i [[Kigali]]. <ref name="auto1" /> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 1vb8w6yav5z1gpawhu6srdad5ynz77w 0 10604 83563 2022-05-14T17:41:58Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Sonia Kubwimana numuyobozi wubucuruzi bwu Rwanda afite umwuga mubukungu, abakozi n'Ubuyobozi Rusange bumara imyaka 25. Mu mibereho ye yose, yagiye akora ubuyobozi bukuru bwimari muri [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]] Plc ,Isosiyete ikora Heineken mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2008/rw-government-gazette-dated-2008-07-01-no-13%20bis.pdf</ref> == Amashuri == Sonia afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu n'ubuyobozi yakuye muri kaminuza y'i Uburundi nuburezi bukuru (executive education) yakuye muri INSEAD, IMD, London Business School n'Ishuri ryubucuruzi rya Harvard (Harvard business school).<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/featured/fnotice-annual-general-meeting-bk-group</ref><ref>https://bk.rw/public/plugins/files/download.php?file=Director%20Profile.pdf</ref> === Indimi === Azi neza Kinyarwanda, Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. == Amateka na Kazi == === Amateka === Mu gihe yari umuyobozi ushinzwe abakozi muri Bralirwa (2009-2017), Sonia yatsinze yayoboye gahunda ya Rubanda na Organisation yasabwaga gutera inkunga Isosiyete ubwihindurize kuva kumwanya wambere wiganje kumasoko kugeza kurushanwa no kubakoresha guhangana na Sosiyete. Impinduka zakozwe zirimo kuvugurura Umuryango muri byose amashami, guteza imbere imikorere, imiyoborere n'ubuyobozi mu Ishirahamwe kimwe no guha abakozi imyitwarire ikenewe kugirango batsinde mu bucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, mugihe kimwe, nubwo kwiyongera kubuhanga mu Rwanda no hanze, [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]] yashoboye gukomeza umwanya wa "Umukoresha wo guhitamo" no gukurura kandi ushake abanyamwuga babishoboye kurwego rwabato, hagati na bakuru mugihe nabo bakomeza ibyiza urwego rwo gusezerana mumuryango. Na none kandi umwe mubagize komite nyobozi ya [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]],yagize uruhare rukomeye kandi ruha agaciro ubujyanama.<ref>https://bk.rw/files/covid-19/director-profile</ref> === Akazi === Kuri ubu Sonia ni umuyobozi w'ubucuruzi mu nzego za kawa n’ubukerarugendo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda,]] umujyanama n'umutoza wigenga wabigize umwuga wo gutoza nyobozi no korohereza serivisi binyuze muri Breakfast Club Afrika, umuryango wabanyamuryango ba Panafrican ufite intego imwe yo gufasha abayobozi b'imiryango kuba abayobozi beza, bityo bikagirira akamaro imiryango yabo n'abakozi. Breakfast Club africa (BCA) ifite abanyafurika benshi mubihugu birimo [[Siyera Lewone]], [[Gana]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Malawi]], [[Kenya]], u [[Rwanda]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], n'icyerekezo cyo kurushaho kwaguka kumugabane wa [[Afurika|Afrika]] yose. Byongeye kandi, Sonia ari mumashyirahamwe atandukanye yabanyamuryango babigize umwuga harimo Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga rya bagore Kawa Ihuriro (Umutwe wu [[Rwanda]]), Ubukerarugendo nu Ishyirahamwe mu Rwanda ([https://rtta.rw/ RTTA]), Ishyirahamwe ryakira abashyitsi mu Rwanda ([https://www.rha.gov.rw/ RHA]), Abagore b'Abanyafurika Gahunda yo kwihangira imirimo ([https://exchanges.state.gov/non-us/program/african-womens-entrepreneurship-program-awep AWEP]) na [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwjJnpf0w9_3AhUyjGgJHbIYB58YABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&sig=AOD64_1F92Rvw8PuFYOsGbTld4_PP-ra_g&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwjFvo30w9_3AhWYSfEDHWOKCs4Q0Qx6BAgCEAE Rotary International] (RI). Akorera kandi ku Inteko rusange yimidugudu yabana ba [https://www.soscv-rwanda.org.rw/ SOS Rwanda] kandi yahoze mubuyobozi bw' Inama y’umurimo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]]<ref>https://naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=79</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] 9xg7khiuntmpgtoecuer1hewkahwv6k 0 10605 83590 2022-05-14T19:20:33Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tierra Monay Henderson''' Ni umukobwa ni umukinnyi w’Ikipe y’[[Igihugu]] ya [[Umugore|bagore]] ya Basketball akaba yatowe muri batanu beza b’irushanwa u [[Rwanda]] kwitabira . == UBUZIMA == '''Tierra Monay Henderson''' w’imyaka 34, avuka i Pasadena muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Californiya]]. Yatangiye gukinira u [[Rwanda]] mu myaka 11 ishize nk’umwe mu bakinnyi b’abanyamahanga bitabajwe ngo bafashe amakipe y’[[Igihugu]] mu byiciro bitandukanye.'''Tierra Monay Henderson''' usanzwe ukinira Phoenix Constanta yo muri [[Romaniya]].<ref>https://inkanga.com/munyakazi-sadate-yasabiye-kapiteni-wikipe-yigihugu-yabagore-kwirukanwa-kubera-nyuma-yuko-atereye-ivi-umukobwa-mugenzi-we/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] [[Ikiciro:Umusipolitifu]] ekcnbjrkkldh6tn47rdokhiba4amp05 14 10606 83591 2022-05-14T19:21:08Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali - Category created wikitext text/x-wiki umusiporitifu 6advu77jontyt8bq97vkbxd7ptbtz4w 0 10607 83592 2022-05-14T19:23:13Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Mutoni Saranda Olive ni umukobwa wimyaka 19 w'umusizi n'umunyamakuru, akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa Imfura Arts For Peace, wavukiye kandi akurira mu [[Rwanda]], Saranda yari afite imyaka 13 gusa ubwo yatangiraga kwandika ibisigo bye "'''SUGAR DADDY'''" ni kimwe mubisigo bye byagize ingaruka nziza mubuzima bw'abantu.<ref>https://www.topafricanews.com/2020/03/05/saranda-on-being-a-voice-to-young-ladies-through-poetry/?pr=147355&lang=fr</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/umusizi-rumaga-yagaragaje-ubuzima-bw-aba-diaspora-mu-gihangano-cye-gishya</ref><ref>http://expressnews.rw/the-concept-of-fighting-drug-abuse-hiv-and-unwanted-pregnancies-promoting-youth-talents-will-curb-the-trend-activists-said/</ref><ref>https://kzsection.info/kzex/rumaga+ft+saranda.html?page=2</ref> == Amashuri na Kazi == Oliva mutoni ni umunyeshuri wifuza gucunga neza kwakira abashyitsi no mu bukerarugendo kuba, akora cyane ashishikajwe no gucuruza abashyitsi ndetse n'ubukerarugendo, ashishikajwe no kwiga no kugira ubumenyi bushya. Byaragaragaye ko ari umutungo w'agaciro ufite umwuka wo gukorera hamwe no gushakisha amahirwe murwego rwo kwakira abashyitsi n'ubukerarugendo aho ubumenyi bwanjye n'ubuhanga byanjye byakoreshwa mugihe cyo kwiga. ni umukinnyi wa filime ufite urukurikirane rukomeje ruzwi nkibanga rinyura kumurongo wa interineti uzwi nka topline TV, ni umuvugizi wa rubanda muri Orators Africa akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa imfura ubuhanzi bwamahoro u Rwanda byongeye kandi ko akora ibisigo. Gukorana ubunyangamugayo ni ihame rye. Ahanini ashishikarizwa nabantu batsinze bakoze cyane kugirango bagere kuntego zabo. Kubwibyo, ntagitinya ibibazo ahubwo, yihatira kubitsinda ejo hazaza heza. == Amateka n'ibitekerezo == Saranda agira ati: “Gutwita kw'ingimbi ni kimwe mu bibazo u [[Rwanda]] ruhura nacyo, ku gitekerezo cye yabonye ko abagabo bashakanye ari bo basenga cyane uruhare rw'izo nda zitifuzwa kubaho binyuze mu guha ibintu bihenze abakobwa bakiri bato kandi kuko na bo bumva bashimishijwe cyane no kubonana nabo bityo bigatera ibibazo byinshi. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/100935/imbamutima-zabakina-muri-the-secret-filime-ya-click-image-ikunzwe-bikomeye-mu-rwanda-amafo-100935.html</ref> Binyuze mu kwandika iki gisigo we nubwo gishobora byibura kugabanya ijanisha ryaba bangavu batwite aho Sugar daddy izahagarika kunyerera yiruka inyuma yingimbi zingana neza nabakobwa babyaye.<ref>https://cityradio.rw/2020/07/30/saranda-umukobwa-wumusizi-yatangaje-benshi/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/who-were-winners-impanga-series-awards</ref> Saranda ati "Ntabwo bintangaje iyo umuntu avuze ko akazi kanjye kamufashije. Nahoraga ntekereza kwandika nkikiza ubwanjye aribyo kandi rimwe na rimwe nkavugira abandi. Ndagerageza gukuraho iyi ngeso yo gupfobya ingaruka zanjye. Hagati aho, nubwo, ubutumwa bwose nakiriye bushima akazi kanjye bimpa umunezero kandi ibyo ntibigera bishimisha. Sinzi inshuro nakinguye inbox cyangwa ndarira. Abantu basangira ninshi mubuzima bwabo kandi ndicishijwe bugufi kandi noroheje kubwibyo. Imibonano mpuzabitsina yambukiranya ibisekuruza yakemuye yabayeho mumateka yabantu, urugero rwabo kubijyanye nimyitwarire yimibonano mpuzabitsina ijyanye na 'Sugar daddy' cyangwa 'Sugar mummy' yakuze ihinduka inganda zitanga ibikoresho kubakobwa bato nabahungu. umukino wo gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina kubagabo bakuze. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] msjlwqbxsv1h80ft1umpjyjn01it65a 0 10608 83593 2022-05-14T19:42:39Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyomukesha Euphrance''' umukinnyi w’ikipe ya [https://www.rra.gov.rw/index.php?id=287 '''Rwanda''' Revenue Authority] Women Volley Club<ref>https://www.rra.gov.rw/index.php?id=287</ref>. (RRA WVC) n’ikipe y’[[igihugu]] ya Volleyball mu [[Umugore|bagore]], tariki ya 12 Werurwe 2021 yakoze ubukwe na '''Mucyo Philbert''' akaba umunyamabanga w’ishyirahamwe ry’umukino wa Volleyball mu [[Rwanda]], [https://www.fivb.org/en/FIVB/Federation.asp?NF=RWA Federation Rwandaise de VolleyBall] (FRVB)<ref>https://www.fivb.org/en/FIVB/Federation.asp?NF=RWA</ref>. Tariki ya 4 [[Werurwe]] 2021 akaba ari bwo basezeranye imbere y’amategeko [[Umurenge wa Niboye|uMurenge wa Niboye]] mu [[akarere ka Kicukiro]].<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/rwanda-bamwe-mu-bakinnyi-umwaka-wa-2021-usize-basezeye-ubugaragu-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inkanga.com/munyakazi-sadate-yasabiye-kapiteni-wikipe-yigihugu-yabagore-kwirukanwa-kubera-nyuma-yuko-atereye-ivi-umukobwa-mugenzi-we/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] d0b05issy3qn3gbzaoombll8yjqgwxn 0 10609 83594 2022-05-14T19:52:35Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Jeannette Kawera yarangije amasomo ye mu micungire yo kwakira abashyitsi no kuyobora mu kigo cya [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwjn7MX43d_3AhVBj2gJHSU4CAUYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&sig=AOD64_1MkVabjQNo5JcuM5J_4CPIVo-ixA&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiY57z43d_3AhU3QvEDHWtdBE0Q0Qx6BAgDEAE Akilah Institute for Women] <ref>https://www.daviscollege.com/blog/2016/03/31/jeannette-kawera-and-jeanne-uwera</ref> == Amashuri == Yize imicungire yo kwakira abashyitsi no kuyobora mu kigo cya [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwjn7MX43d_3AhVBj2gJHSU4CAUYABAAGgJ3Zg&ae=2&sig=AOD64_1MkVabjQNo5JcuM5J_4CPIVo-ixA&q&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwiY57z43d_3AhU3QvEDHWtdBE0Q0Qx6BAgDEAE Akilah Institute for Women] == Amateka n'akazi == Yakoze Itangazamakuru n’itumanaho rusange kuva YALA. Nshimishijwe nibyerekeye Itangazamakuru, Gutegura Ibirori hamwe nimyidagaduro ihagije kurwego rwibishoboka. Ndi umunyeshuri ushishikaye kandi wihuse kandi ufite ubwenge bwumukobwa ukunze gutekereza kure. Afite byinshi byemeza kandi byemeza hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutumanaho kumvugo no kwandika.Nkunda gushishikariza abandi no guharanira impinduka nziza mumuryango ndimo. Nkunda gushishikariza abandi no guharanira impinduka nziza mumuryango ndimo. Aha agaciro cyane imbaraga zumugore nkuko nizera ko igihe cyose Umugore yimutse igihugu cyose cyimuka. Yumva ingamba zimbuga nkoranyambaga kandi yamye yoroha kandi yiteguye gukorera hamwe nkinzira yo gutera imbere hamwe nabandi.<ref>https://www.daviscollege.com/blog/2016/03/31/jeannette-kawera-and-jeanne-uwera</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gisagara-abakobwa-1500-bo-mu-miryango-itishoboye-bagiye-guhabwa-cotex</ref> === Akazi === Jeannette Kawera ni umunyamakuru kuri [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/ The NewTimes]([[Rwanda|Rwanda)]] & RCCDN Inzobere mu Itumanaho.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/893391</ref><ref>https://muckrack.com/jeannette-kawera/articles</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanditsi]] e3q5z89lsjzscqpe5eu5p7i334868rp 0 10610 83602 2022-05-14T20:34:11Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Hajara Batamuliza ni Komiseri ushinzwe Imisoro yo mu Gihugu ( mu [[icyongereza]]: '''Commissioner for Domestic Taxes) Rwanda Revenue Authority'''<ref>https://www.rra.gov.rw/index.php?id=68</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rra-struggles-recover-over-rwf350-billion-tax-arrears</ref><ref>https://www.icparwanda.com/training/events-material/4THICPARBI-ANNUALTAXFORUM.html</ref> == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu Imisoro mpuzamahanga yakuye mu kaminuza ya [https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwi1hPD96N_3AhXFMysKHZlJA1YYABACGgJzZg&ae=2&ei=tQ-AYpW9OYufseMP3u6QmAs&sig=AOD64_1CvpIQrLG58ZMuplAr5jNYlggmsg&q&sqi=2&adurl&ved=2ahUKEwjV6-f96N_3AhWLT2wGHV43BLMQ0Qx6BAgEEAE Canberra] yabonye 2011 == Akazi == Komiseri Imisoro yo mu Gihugu mu kigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro ([https://www.rra.gov.rw/index.php?id=82 RRA]), afite uburambe bwimyaka 17 mu kwegeranya imisoro. == Uburambe == Uburambe bwimyaka 16 muri [https://www.rra.gov.rw/index.php?id=82 RRA]. Inshingano: Umugenzuzi, Ushinzwe iperereza, umuyobozi wo hagati hamwe n’umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe igenzura ry’imishinga minini, gushyiraho imisoro mpuzamahanga no kwimura ibiciro by’ubucuruzi, amasezerano yumushyikirano, umutoza, guharanira guhanahana amakuru<ref>https://afrikanheroes.com/2020/10/07/rwanda-has-enacted-new-rules-on-transfer-pricing/</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/IMG/pdf/ebm_announcement_to_request_pos.pdf</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] tump6yd8mqfby3g07ctgk941h0zegfa 0 10611 83604 2022-05-14T21:04:52Z Endikuemmy 9914 new created wikitext text/x-wiki Meliane Unesha ni rwiyemezamirimo wo mu [[Rwanda]] wahoze ayobora ingendo none akaba akora ubukerarugendo nyuma yo gukina firm ye 'Salama Afrika'.<ref>https://muckrack.com/jeannette-kawera/articles</ref> == Amashuri == Yize Ibaruramari muri Baptiste College Gacuba 2. == Amateka == Akora umwuga we mu bukerarugendo. Meliane Unesha yabanje gutangira ari umucuranzi nkumuhanzi wa gospel nyuma aza kurangirira mumuziki wisi aho yakoreye 'Aranankunda' na 'Abantu' barimo Sintex.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/how-former-tour-guide-set-firm-amid-pandemic</ref> Mu nkuru ye mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, nubwo akora Business ntabwo yize ubukerarugendo, ahubwo yize Ibaruramari muri Baptiste College Gacuba 2. Nubwo akunda ibidukikije, ntabwo yari azi ko yarangiza akayobora ingendo cyangwa mubukerarugendo no kubungabunga ibidukikije.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/71460/meliane-unesha-yashyize-hanze-amashusho-y-indirimbo-ye-ya-mb-71460.html</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/how-former-tour-guide-set-firm-amid-pandemic</ref> Unesha ati; Ati: “Muri Mata 2014, numvise ko Parike ya Akagera irimo gushaka abayobora ingendo nshya njyayo ngerageza amahirwe. Ntabwo nari nzi neza ko nshobora kubikora ariko yego narabikoze. Kuva icyo gihe, nagiye mu mahugurwa atandukanye kugira ngo mbe umuyobozi wabigize umwuga kandi mporayo imyaka 6 nyobora ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga. Muri Werurwe 2020 Nabonye andi mahirwe yo gukomeza amasomo yanjye muri [[Amerika]] muri Madison College ntiyabasha kuhajya kubera ubwiyongere bwa Covid 19. == Ibihangano == Yakoze indirimbo yitwa '''nzaguma mu ihema ryawe Mana''' == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] 640ipyea6dvmca2p6r1qlhtoz3rm00x 0 10612 83605 2022-05-14T21:11:57Z Nkurudeo 10766 #WikigapKigali wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butera Hope''' ni umunyarwandakazi w' umukinnyi ukomoka muri [[Amerika]] akaba akina umukino wa Basketball mu [[Umugore|bagore]].<ref>https://www.fivb.org/en/FIVB/Federation.asp?NF=RWA</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/basketball-five-rwandan-players-watch-afrobasket-qualifiers</ref> Ni umwe mu bagaragaye cyane mbere mu makipe y'[[igihugu]] y'abato, urugero nko mu 2016 aho yari mu ikipe ya Basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]] bafite munsi ya 18 y'u [[Rwanda]] yarangije ku mwanya wa kane muri Shampiyona y'[[Umugore|abagore]] ya [https://www.fiba.basketball/ FIBA ​​U-18.]<ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/</ref> Kugeza ubu, afite [[imyaka]] 20 umupira wa basketball muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza]] mpuzamahanga ya Florida. akina hagati mu kibuga. afite uburebure bwa metero 1.9, arashobora gutanga byinshi mu kibuga hagati kimwe no kubona amanota.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/basketball-five-rwandan-players-watch-afrobasket-qualifiers</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/88905/anoca-zone-v-2019-muri-basketball-33-beach-volleyball-na-taekwondo-u-rwanda-rwatwayemo-imi-88905.html</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rwatsinzwe-na-kenya-rubura-itike-ya-afrobasket-2021-mu-bagore-amafoto</ref><ref>https://teradignews.rw/umunyarwandakazi-murekatete-bella-yakoze-amateka-mu-mukino-wa-basketball/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/basketball/article/u-rwanda-rutsinze-kenya-mu-mukino-wa-mbere-wo-gushaka-itike-ya-afrobasket-amafoto</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umukobwa]] [[Ikiciro:Umusiporitifu]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 9iqgnv747a8ch212e068g8x2n3odjbk 0 10613 83608 2022-05-14T21:50:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 new wikitext text/x-wiki Oda Gasingirwa ni umunyamuryango, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba; wavutse: 1966<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abagore-bose-bakwiye-gukora-nk-inkotanyi-hon-oda-gasinzigwa</ref> == Amashuri == Ikigo cyigisha imiyoborere, [[Tanzaniya|Tanzaniya,]] Impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor, Inzego z'ibanze; Ikigo cya Kigali cyuburezi, MA, Uburinganire niterambere ( mu icyongereza: Inst. of Development Management, Tanzania, Bachelor's Degree, Local Gov.; Kigali Inst. of Education, MA, Gender and Development)<ref>https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/international-year-book-and-statesmens-who-s-who/gasinzigwa-oda-SIM_person_52837</ref> == Amateka == Oda Gasinzigwa yahoze ari minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango yatorewe kuba Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Afurika y’iburasirazuba (EALA), inteko ishinga amategeko y’akarere aho avuga ko azakomeza guharanira guharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore. uyu mugore w'imyaka 49 yatowe n'Inteko ishinga amategeko, asimbuye Christophe Bazivamo mu nteko ishinga amategeko y'akarere.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/204626</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/204626</ref><ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/tag/oda-gasinzigwa</ref> == Akazi == Umunyamabanga akaba na perezida winama yigihugu yabategarugori. mu 2004 umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe uburinganire, 2008-13; Minisitiri w’umuryango & kuzamura uburinganire mu biro bya Minisitiri w’intebe, 2013-16; Mem, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, 2012-; aderesi y'ibiro: Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, POB 1096, Arusha, [[Tanzaniya]]<ref>https://www.eala.org/</ref> == Icyifuzo cye == Gasinzigwa avuga icyifuzo cye cyo guteza imbere no guharanira uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bw'abagore, avuga ko ari imwe mu nkingi z'ingenzi z’amasezerano ya EAC. Numwanya kandi wo kurenga imipaka no gusangira ubunararibonye nabandi no kunganira bimwe mubibazo bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ubukene, icuruzwa ry’abantu, n'ibindi. Numwanya wo kwiga no kugarura uburambe kubantu bange<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/how-women-rebuilt-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/mps-gasinzigwa-kalinda-re-elected-regional-parliaments-top-committee</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] bca0k3fsgr9eczkc6snodx49d38kaaw 0 10614 83639 83638 2022-05-17T14:45:49Z Germain92 9488 #Wiki for Human Light wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|igishanga mu Rwanda]] Mu mwaka wa 2014 ubuyobozi bwa REMA mu [[Rwanda]] bwatangaje ko mu [[Rwanda]] ibishanga byabangamirwaga bikabije mumyaka yo hambere kuko Leta yariho icyogihe yarekaga abaturage bakabituramo abandi bakabikoreramo ibyobashaka abandi bakubakamo ugasanga bibangamira cyane ibidukikije kuko bari batarasobanukirwa akamaro kibishanga kubaturage ndetse n'igihugu ubwacyo. == Ibishanga muri ikigihe == mu [[Rwanda]] ni hamwe mu bihugu bifite [[Igishanga cya Nyandungu|ibishanga]] byinshi kandi bitandukanye mumpande zose zigihugu mubyaro ndetse no [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mumujyi wa Kigali]] ubwawo harimo [[Igishanga cya Nyandungu|ibishanga]]. ibishanga nibimwe mumutungo kamere ariko akamaro kabyo gatangiye kumenyekana ubu kuko mbere bititabwagaho uko bikwiye nkuko Madamu Dr Rose Mukankomeje yabitangaje muri Kamena 2014 itariki 3. agira ati ikibabaje nuko ibishanga byo mu [[Rwanda]] byatuwemo,ibindi bituzwamo inganda ndetse bishyirwamo nibitagomba kujyamo akaba ariyo mpamvu leta yu [[Rwanda]] yashizeho ingambo zo kubungabunga [[Igishanga|ibishanga mu Rwanda]]. hari igihe abanyarwanda batwikiraga amatafari mubishanga mugihe kizuba abandi bagakuramo inkwi bigatuma twangiza amazi ava muri ibyo bishanga ndetse tukangiza numwuka uva mukirere kubera iryo twika rya hato na hato mu bishanga [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] == Akamaro k'ibishanga == [[Igishanga|ibishanga]] nibimwe mu mumutongo kamere w'igihugu kuko bifite akamaro kanini ku baturage ndetse n'igihugu ubwacyo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/Amateka-y-u-Rwanda-yagiye-abangamira-ibishanga-byo-mu-gihugu-Mukankomeje</ref> ibishanga bifite akamaro gakomeye kuko ibishanga bibika amazi noneho igihe imvura yabaye nkeya bikayohereza mu migezi ikindi kandi ayo mazi aba ayunguruye kuburyo byorohera abayakoresha muburo bwose. sibyo gusa kuko hari ibishanga mu [[Rwanda]] byagenewe guhingamo imyaka,ibigori,imbingo cyangwa ibiryo by'amatungo tworora mu [[Rwanda]].ibishanga kandi byitaweho neza byatanga umusaruro kuko bitanga amazi meza, umuriro,ndetse bikanahingwamo nkuko twabibonye haruguru. == Amoko y'ibishanga mu Rwanda == muri Rusange mu [[Rwanda]] hari ibishanga bibarirwa mubyiciro bitatu (3) aho ikiciro ocyambere kibarirwamo ibishanga nka<ref>https://isangostar.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ibishanga-byo-mu-mijyi-y-u-rwanda</ref> [[Igishanga cya rugezi|Kamiranzovu,Rugezi,]] Ibishanga bya [[Igishanga|Rweru]] nibindi byo muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Pariki ya Kagera]] byose byemejwe ko bigomba kubungabungwa kubera akamaro bifitiye igihugu. ikiciro cya kabiri (2) ndetse nicya gatatu (3) kigizwe nibishanga bishobora guhingwamo ndetse bikanabyazwa umusaruro muburyo butandukanye ariko ntibyubakwemo kandi bigahabwa n'umukandara w'ubuhumekero utuma amazi ahita neza. == Kubungabunga Ibishanga == murwego rwo kubungabunga ibishanga mu [[Rwanda]] hafashwe ingamba zikarishye zo kurengera ubutaka bwose bubarwa <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-41269374</ref> nk'ibishanga ubwo hafatwaga ingamba zo kwimura ibikorwa byose bikorerwa kuri ubwo butaka hari hamwe hubatswe inganda ahandi hari amazu yubucuruzi ahandi hari ububiko ndetse nibikorwa byubwubatsi icyogikorwa cyangangiriye mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]] ubwo inganda zimurirwaga mucyanya cyahariwe inganda cya Masoro [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mumujyi wa kigali]]<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/leta-yiteguye-ite-kubyaza-umusaruro-ibishanga-by-i-kigali-nyuma-yo-kwimura</ref> == Ubuso bw'ibishanga == Muri Rusange mu Rwanda habarirwa ibishanga bisaga 900 biri kubuso bwa 10% bw'igihugu == Reba == i4wfrm19jgj1kb89m7y7wbdaip094s8 0 10615 83617 2022-05-16T17:29:31Z Ndahiro derrick 8075 Ndahiro derrick moved page [[Grolia Mukamabano]] to [[Gloria Mukamabano]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gloria Mukamabano]] iew1qb7ysb25fxrajfa98k6kzz0gffq 0 10616 83632 83619 2022-05-17T13:36:58Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki Amashyamba yo mu [[Rwanda]] abarirwa ku buso bwa hegitari 724,695 zingana na 30.4% by’ubuso bwose bw’Igihugu nk’uko bitangazwa muri raporo ya vuba igaragaza ubutaka buriho amashyamba ([[Rwanda]] Forest Cover Mapping Report/2019) Muri ayo mashyamba 53% ni ayatewe, 21 ni aya cyimeza ari mu mukenke, 19% ni amashyamba ya cyimeza yo mu misozi ibonekamo imvura nyinshi   mu gihe 6.2% ari ibihuru. Bimwe mu byagezweho muri Gahunda y’[[Igihugu]] y’[[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu]] Butangiza Ibidukikije, by’umwihariko mu mushinga urambye wo gutera ibiti no kubungabunga amashyamba ni ibi bikurikira<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref>: == 1.UBUSO BURIHO AMASHYAMBA MU RWANDA BWAGEZE KURI 30.4% == Mu mwaka wa 2011, ni bwo u [[Rwanda]] rwihaye intego yo kugarura amashyamba kuri hegitari miliyoni [[Kabiri|ebyiri]] yahozeho akaba yarangijwe bitarenze mu 2020. Imbaraga u [[Rwanda]] rwashyize mu kubungabunga amashyamba ariho, gutera amashyamba mashya, kuvugurura amashyamba mu bice bitandukanye by’[[Igihugu]] no guharanira kugera ku ntego za Bonn Challenge ni byo byatumye u [[Rwanda]] rugera ku ntego yo kugira 30.4% by’ubuso bw’[[Igihugu]] buriho amashyamba. Izo nzego zifite akamaro gakomeye ko gushimangira uruhare rw’u [[Rwanda]] mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref> == '''2. Gahunda ngarukamwaka yo gutera ibiti n’Umuganda''' == Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] yashoye akayabo mu gutera amashyamba mashya no kuyasubiza aho yari asanzwe binyuze muri gahunda ngarukamwaka yo gutera [[Igiti|ibiti]] n’amashyamba. Nko mu gihembwe cy’[[umwaka]] wa 2020/2021 Abanyarwanda bateye ibiti miliyoni 25 byagize uruhare mu kuvugurura amashyamba muri gahunda yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Muri icyo gihembwe, hegitari 7,400 zateweho ibiti bisanzwe, izindi hegitari 900 zihingwaho ibiti mu mashyamba ya cyimeza ndetse haterwa n’ibiti byeraho imbuto 77,000. Hanavuguruwe hegitari 500 z’amashyamba ahingwamo ibiti bicanwamo amakara mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref> == '''3. Kwegurira (gukodesha) abikorera amashyamba yari aya Leta mu kuyacunga neza''' == Binyuze muri gahunda y’[[Igihugu]] yo kwegurira abikorera ibikorwa bimwe, Leta y’u [[Rwanda]] yagiranye ubufatanye n’urwego rw’abikorera mu guharanira imicungire iboneye y’amashyamba ya Leta.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref> == 4. Ihangwa rya Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura == U [[Rwanda]] ruherutse guhanga Pariki y’[[Igihugu]] ya Gishwati-Mukura, imwe muri Pariki nshya muri [[Afurika]], mu rwego rwo kurinda amashyamba kimeza ya kera n’inguge ziyacumbitsemo.Iyo Pariki igizwe n’amashyamba abiri ari yo irinini rya Mukura n’irito rya Gishwati aherereye ku musozi ugabaya icyogogo cy imigezi ya Congo na  Nili, agakurikira urwunge rw’ibibaya by’Albertine (Albertine Rift) bigizwe n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rutandukanye.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref> == 5. '''Kwagura Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga''' == U [[Rwanda]] rwatangiye umushinga ukomeye wo kwagura Pariki y’[[Igihugu]] y’Ibirunga no guharanira ahazaza heza h’ingagi zo mu misozi zita mu rugo ishyamba ry’Ibirunga. Iyi gahunda y’imbonekarimwe igamije kwagura pariki ku kigero cya 23% ikiyongeraho kilometero kare 37.4, ubunini bwayo bukava kuri kilometero kare 160 bukagera kuri kilometero kare 197.4.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=10142</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba]] [[Ikiciro:Umuganda]] hr8i7v8lst1pgyr3oe5sburrk6bju5f 14 10617 83620 2022-05-16T17:40:54Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umuganda" wikitext text/x-wiki Umuganda r8cuwmoi1mfns4l2ttvmhjesyzbme2o 0 10618 83631 83621 2022-05-17T13:34:12Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki Bimwe mu byavuye ''mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na [http://www.cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=188 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa muntu] (NCHR)''<ref>http://www.cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=188</ref>'', buherutse kugaragaza ko mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro,'' 49.4% by’ibirombe biri mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] byanduza imigezi n’inzuzi cyangwa andi mazi. Ni mu gihe 70.93% by’ibyo birombe ari byo bifite uburyo bwizewe bwo gucunga ibisigazwa by’imyanda iva mu bucukuzi. Kurwanya ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu kirere urimo n’uw’abantu bahumeka biri ku gipimo cya 75.82%.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=53</ref> Ibirombe bifite ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi byakoreshejwe, ni 64.4%. Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, isaba Leta gukaza ubugenzuzi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo ibidukikije ndetse n’uburenganzira bw’abatuye mu nkengero z’ahacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro, budahonyorwa. Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, '''Mukasine''' Marie Claire, avuga ko kugeza ubu ibyavuye mu shakashatsi bakoze, hatanzwe inama kandi zigahabwa ikigo gishinzwe ubucukuzi. Ati: “Impamvu ari bo twabihaye nuko ari bo bahagarariye Leta kandi Leta niyo ifite inshingano zo gutuma imirimo ikorwa mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi hakurikijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza aba yatanzwe. Kugira ngo yubahirizwe ni uruhare rwa Leta binyuze muri icyo kigo. Amategeko arahari ameze neza ariko twasanze hari aho bidakorwa neza. Kuba bidakorwa neza hakenewe ijisho ribikurikirana”. Uretse ibi bibazo ubushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, bwagaragaje ko mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro hari ikibazo cy’abagore bakiri bake.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=53</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwa [http://www.cndp.org.rw/index.php?id=188 NCHR] bugaragaza ko ba engeniyeri muri uru rwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bangana na 26.23%. [[Umugore|Abagore]] bakora ubucuruzi bushingiye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ntibarenga 5.41%.Ikigo k’Igihugu gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gazi kemera ko ibi bibazo mu bucukuzi bihari kikemera ko kigiye kubishakira ibisubizo. Dushimimana Narcisse, Umuyobozi ukuriye ishami rishinzwe iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko n’ubugenzuzi bwa Mine mu kigo gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gazi avuga ko iki kigo kirimo kureba izo mbogamizi zose zagaragajwe, zakwitabwaho. Urwego rw’Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ruza ku mwanya wa Kabiri mu nzego zinjiriza igihugu amafaranga menshi nyuma y’ubukerarugendo.Mbere y’umwaduko wa COVID-19 mu 2019, urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro rwahaga akazi abagera ku 71,205 bavuye ku bihumbi 47,727 babonaga akazi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu mwaka wa 2017. Icyakoze kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 abari babeshejweho n’ubucukuzi bagabanutseho 19%. Mu mwaka 2021 Leta yagobotse urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ku buryo ababoneraga amaramuko mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bari bageze ku bihumbi 100.<ref>https://imvahonshya.co.rw/?p=53</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Amabuye y'agaciro]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibirombe]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucukuzi]] k945uypgeso4xtru9033wpsit62mx7u 14 10619 83622 2022-05-16T18:10:01Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Amabuye y'agaciro" wikitext text/x-wiki Amabuye y'agaciro 7h3zv9nd3w7i0vyjkxy0l9bi5ezclf8 14 10620 83623 2022-05-16T18:10:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Imigezi" wikitext text/x-wiki Imigezi enp8k30pipvaixxkcnkzitkylldanoo 14 10621 83624 2022-05-16T18:11:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ibirombe" wikitext text/x-wiki Ibirombe hqk1poc4al7g4v4hocvapulwgkzdk8x 14 10622 83625 2022-05-16T18:11:59Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ubucukuzi" wikitext text/x-wiki Ubucukuzi 11h9fygyubcezqygsexz9zwokbbufh1 0 10623 83635 83634 2022-05-17T14:23:52Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi wa Mbirurume (nanone yitwa Bilirume, Biruruma, Birurume, Bitirume) ni [[uruzi]] ruri mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]]. Ni uruzi rubyara urwa Nyabarongo. Mbirurume izamuka mu gihugu ahari amashyamba mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo-Nili Ikomoka mu majyaruguru muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Parike ya Nyungwe]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Karere ka Nyamagabe]] Itemba yerekeza mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]] y'[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|uburasirazuba]], yinjira mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]] ikanyura ku Mukungu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|iburengerazuba]], hanyuma ikanyura mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]] y'uburasirazuba ugana ku mupaka uhuza uturere twa [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] na [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]]. Hanyuma irahindukira yerekeza mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba mbere gato yo guhura n’umugezi wa Mwogo uhereye ibumoso Inzuzi zahujwe zigizwe n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo, utemba ugana mu majyaruguru ugana mu burasirazuba bw'igice cya Congo Nili.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbirurume_River</ref><ref>https://hyperleap.com/topic/Mbirurume_River</ref><ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Mbirurume_River</ref> == REBA == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] quihot26udid04rofdssz1h0q5gmukn 14 10624 83636 2022-05-17T14:24:11Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umugezi" wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi 71kkpb32mqrjpspkr5zla2dxbu6lb3v 14 10625 83637 2022-05-17T14:24:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Uruzi" wikitext text/x-wiki Uruzi 4c1t4lkvh37pos7dwk7i0t6o1lzg0mw 0 10626 83640 2022-05-17T14:52:14Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umugezi wa Mwogo ni uruzi ruri mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] ni uruzi rubyara [[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]]. Umugezi wa Mwogo uturuka m'umashyamba mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba bwa Congo-Nile. Ifite inkomoko mu murenge wa Kitabi wo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Karere ka Nyamagabe]]. Iranyura iburasirazuba bwa Nyarusiza yerekeza mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]]. Ryerekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba unyuze mu burengerazuba..." wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi wa Mwogo ni uruzi ruri mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] ni uruzi rubyara [[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]]. Umugezi wa Mwogo uturuka m'umashyamba mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba bwa Congo-Nile. Ifite inkomoko mu murenge wa Kitabi wo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Karere ka Nyamagabe]]. Iranyura iburasirazuba bwa Nyarusiza yerekeza mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]]. Ryerekeza mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba unyuze mu burengerazuba bw'aka karere, winjira mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka Nyanza]]. Mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|karere ka Nyanza]] kanyura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, kanyura Mweya aho uruzi rwa Gihimbi rwinjirira uhereye ibumoso. Munsi yiyi ngingo ihujwe nuruzi rwa Rukarara uhereye ibumoso. Hanyuma ikora urubibi rw'iburengerazuba rw[[Akarere ka Ruhango|'akarere ka Ruhango]] kugeza ihujwe uhereye ibumoso nuruzi rwa Mbirurume mumajyepfo ya Bikwa Umugezi uhuriweho witwa uruzi rwa Nyabarongo, rukomeza ruguru.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River#CITEREFHuye_Administrative_Map</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River#CITEREFNyamagabe_Administrative_Map</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River#CITEREFHughesHughesBernacsek1992</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River#CITEREFNyanza_Administrative_Map</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwogo_River#CITEREFRuhango_Administrative_Map</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] 32k5lbq05aps5c43xgkc3xd9u2g3fop 0 10627 83641 2022-05-17T15:22:55Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Rukarara''' (cyangwa Lukarara) ni uruzi rwo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. ruturuka k' [[Umugezi wa Mwogo]], na rwo rukaba [[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]]. Namazi ava kure cyane ya Nili. Rukarara izamuka ituruka m'amashyamba mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba bwa Congo-Nili. Igishanga cya Kamiranzovu mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ritanga ikigega gisanzwe cya Rukarara Inkomoko ya Rukarara ubu izwiho kuba isoko rusange ya Nili..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Rukarara''' (cyangwa Lukarara) ni uruzi rwo mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. ruturuka k' [[Umugezi wa Mwogo]], na rwo rukaba [[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]]. Namazi ava kure cyane ya Nili. Rukarara izamuka ituruka m'amashyamba mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba bwa Congo-Nili. Igishanga cya Kamiranzovu mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ritanga ikigega gisanzwe cya Rukarara Inkomoko ya Rukarara ubu izwiho kuba isoko rusange ya Nili Ibi byashimangiwe n’urugendo rwa 2005/2006 ruzamuka uruzi rufite ibikoresho bigezweho. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukarara_River</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] o7g8vckbpr0smflj3mw360e7qhyjb9z 0 10628 83644 2022-05-17T16:00:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Mukungwa''' ni uruzi rubarizwa mu [[igihugu]] cyu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]] m' [[Akarere ka Musanze|akarere ka Musanze.]]<ref>https://exposure.rw/exposure/musanze/article/tracing-the-source-of-mukungwa-river</ref><ref>https://waterportal.rwb.rw/catchment-level-1/27</ref><ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/AttractionProductReview-g317075-d12873602-Half_Day_Mukungwa_River_Canoe_Trip_from_Musanze-Ruhengeri_Musanz..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Mukungwa''' ni uruzi rubarizwa mu [[igihugu]] cyu [[Rwanda]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]] m' [[Akarere ka Musanze|akarere ka Musanze.]]<ref>https://exposure.rw/exposure/musanze/article/tracing-the-source-of-mukungwa-river</ref><ref>https://waterportal.rwb.rw/catchment-level-1/27</ref><ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/AttractionProductReview-g317075-d12873602-Half_Day_Mukungwa_River_Canoe_Trip_from_Musanze-Ruhengeri_Musanze_District_Norther.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] g7knc6k0sj120jaxucxemorlmaot7bq 0 10629 83645 2022-05-17T16:22:32Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umugezi wa Akanyaru ni uruzi runini rw'[[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] Irazamuka mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]], itemba iburasirazuba hanyuma ikerekeza mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza ibyo bihugu mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Kurambura hepfo birimo ibishanga byingenzi ariko bidakingiwe, bibangamiwe nibikorwa byabantu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akanyaru_River</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi wa Akanyaru ni uruzi runini rw'[[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] Irazamuka mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]], itemba iburasirazuba hanyuma ikerekeza mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza ibyo bihugu mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Kurambura hepfo birimo ibishanga byingenzi ariko bidakingiwe, bibangamiwe nibikorwa byabantu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akanyaru_River</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] d0tj5nkgc8ui2l3m09tbkpd0hygtrwp 0 10630 83648 83646 2022-05-17T16:43:21Z Germain92 9488 ifoto wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imigwegwe.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'imigwegwe mu Rwanda]] Imigwegwe nibimwe mubyatsi cyangwa ibirabyo byimeza mu [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda]]. si ibihingwa byimeza gusa gusa bifite akamaro kuko nibyimeza ubu ni ingenzi kuburyo bikenewe kubungabungwa kuko byagaragaye ko harimo byinshi bifitiye igihugu akamaro ndetse n'abaturage. bityo imigwegwe ikaba ihingwa nabaturage benshi kubera bamaze gusobanukirwa akamaro kayo. == IMIGWEGWE == m rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije ndetse na nyuma yo kumenya akamaro kimigano abanyarwanda batari bake batangiye <ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g293829-d6617466-i117198143-Tongo_Art_Gallery-Kigali_Kigali_Province.html</ref> guhinga imigano kuko bamaze gusobanukirwa akamaro kayo. Imigano ni bimwe mubihingwa byo mu [[Rwanda]] bifitiye igihugu akamaro ndetse nabaturage kuko hakorwamo ibintu byinshi bitandukanye harimo nka - [[Agaseke|Uduseke]] -Imisambi -Imitako myinshi itandukanye yo munzu -Imigara y'Intore ndetse n'ibindi byinshi bitandukanye kandi harimo iboreshwa imbire mu Gihugu ndetse nibindi bikoherezwa hanze yacyo<ref>https://www.hagari.rw/artisans/</ref> == AKAMARO == uretse kuba imigwegwe ikorwamo ibikorwa byinshi bifitiye igihugu nabaturage akamaro mu [[Rwanda]] hari amashyirahamwe menshi yabagore bibumbiye hamwe bakabyaza umusaruro imigano murwego rwo kwiteza imbere babohamo uduseke two kohereza mumahanga bakadutakisha amarange kugirango turusheho gusa neza abandi bakabohamo imitako ndetse nibindi bikaba byarabafashije haba abo [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mu mujyi wa Kigali]] ndetse no muntara zitandukanye zo mu [[Rwanda]]. zibyo gusa kandi hari nabimwe mu bindi bihugu byavumbuye ko imigwegwe ikorwamo amoko yinzoga atandukanye nko muri [[Mexico]]<ref>https://glosbe.com/en/rw/agave</ref> == INDI MIRIMO == hari uturere tumwe na tumwe twasobanukiwe neza ko imigwegwe atariyo kuboha uduseke gusa ahubwo bayikoresha nibindi byinshi bitandukanye harimo nka [[Akarere ka Gicumbi]] kavumbuye uburyo bwo gushingirira ibishyimbo byabo bakoresheje Imigwegwe.<ref>https://twitter.com/kigalitoday/status/543382758270439424</ref> == Bariza hano == 8eek2dl4v0336wtzo934r6mtlqm93yn 0 10631 83647 2022-05-17T16:42:03Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi Wa Base''' ni uruzi ruri mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]] mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|akarere ka rurindo]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Rwanda</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi Wa Base''' ni uruzi ruri mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]] mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo|akarere ka rurindo]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Rwanda</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] n3a353yqkknyrhz2v03t0v0tkvpva7w 0 10632 83649 2022-05-17T17:02:35Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Ruziz'''i (nanone rimwe na rimwe yitwa Rusizi) ni uruzi, ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 117, ruva mu kiyaga cya Kivu rugana ku kiyaga cya Tanganyika muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati, rukamanuka kuri metero 1.500 (metero 4900) rukagera kuri metero 770, hejuru yinyanja hejuru yuburebure bwayo , Imiyoboro ihanamye cyane iboneka kuri kilometero 40 za mbere, aho hubatswe ingomero z'amashanyarazi Ahagana hepfo, ikibaya cya [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Ruzizi]], gifite imisozi..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Ruziz'''i (nanone rimwe na rimwe yitwa Rusizi) ni uruzi, ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 117, ruva mu kiyaga cya Kivu rugana ku kiyaga cya Tanganyika muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati, rukamanuka kuri metero 1.500 (metero 4900) rukagera kuri metero 770, hejuru yinyanja hejuru yuburebure bwayo , Imiyoboro ihanamye cyane iboneka kuri kilometero 40 za mbere, aho hubatswe ingomero z'amashanyarazi Ahagana hepfo, ikibaya cya [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Ruzizi]], gifite imisozi yoroheje gusa, kandi uruzi rutemba mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika unyuze kuri, hamwe numuyoboro muto cyangwa ibiri ucitsemo umuyoboro munini.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akanyaru_River</ref> Ruzizi ni uruzi rukiri ruto, rwashinzwe hashize imyaka igera ku 10,000 igihe ikirunga giturika mu imisozi ya Virunga. Imisozi yabujije ikiyaga cya Kivu ahahoze hasohokera amazi ya Nili ahubwo ihatira ikiyaga kurenga mu majyepfo ya Ruzizi no mu mazi ya Kongo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzizi_River</ref> [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] 3rdy7pbutla6d02ugf1jddyzhgviuwm 0 10633 83650 2022-05-17T17:31:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Sebeya''' ni uruzi ruri mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]], u [[Rwanda]] rusohoka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] giherereye mu majyepfo y'umujyi wa Gisenyi. Umugezi wa Sebeya ukomoka mu misozi y'[[akarere ka Rutsiro]].Ipima kilometero 110 z'uburebure bwamazi irimo kilometero kare 286 y'[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|aturere ka Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] na [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Sebeya''' ni uruzi ruri mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Ntara y'Iburengerazuba]], u [[Rwanda]] rusohoka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] giherereye mu majyepfo y'umujyi wa Gisenyi. Umugezi wa Sebeya ukomoka mu misozi y'[[akarere ka Rutsiro]].Ipima kilometero 110 z'uburebure bwamazi irimo kilometero kare 286 y'[[Akarere ka Rutsiro|aturere ka Rutsiro]], [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] na [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebeya_River</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] foqhq6356jo4s0s4sadh42inbzqyeqv 0 10634 83651 2022-05-17T17:50:55Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Koko''' ni uruzi mu [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Karere ka Rutsiro]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] utemba ugana mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] Ni umwe mu nzuzi nini zitwara imisozi y'i[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]], uwundi ni [[umugezi wa Sebeya]] Mu gihe cyabakoloni uruzi rwasobanuye imbibi za perefegitura ya Kibuye na Gisenyi.<ref>https://en.wikipe..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Koko''' ni uruzi mu [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Karere ka Rutsiro]] gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] utemba ugana mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] Ni umwe mu nzuzi nini zitwara imisozi y'i[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]], uwundi ni [[umugezi wa Sebeya]] Mu gihe cyabakoloni uruzi rwasobanuye imbibi za perefegitura ya Kibuye na Gisenyi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rutsiro_District)</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rutsiro_District)#CITEREFRutsiro_Administrative_Map</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] i6lbx1y8nbp3vuqcezf64a9ucjimugl 0 10635 83652 2022-05-17T18:00:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Rubyiro''' ni uruzi rwo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] ni uruzi rw'ibumoso rw'umugezi wa Ruzizi. Ihurira na Ruzizi, igize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo,]] nko mu birometero 2 uvuye aho umugezi wa Ruhwa ugize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubyiro_River</ref><ref>http..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Rubyiro''' ni uruzi rwo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]] ni uruzi rw'ibumoso rw'umugezi wa Ruzizi. Ihurira na Ruzizi, igize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo,]] nko mu birometero 2 uvuye aho umugezi wa Ruhwa ugize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubyiro_River</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubyiro_River#CITEREFRusizi_Administrative_Map</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] ajxfdutl4sai7xta8v84mwt9mzilmlj 0 10636 83653 2022-05-17T18:09:12Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Ruhwa''' (cyangwa Lua, Luha, Luhwa, Luwa, Ruwa) ni uruzi mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] akaba ari uruzi rw'ibumoso rw'umugezi wa Ruzizi. Ihurira na Ruzizi, igize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], nko muri kilometero 2, munsi y’[[umugezi wa Rubyiro]] winjira muri Ruzizi, Ruhwa ikora urubibi hagati yuburengerazuba bwu [[Rwanda]] na [[Uburundi|Burundi]..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Ruhwa''' (cyangwa Lua, Luha, Luhwa, Luwa, Ruwa) ni uruzi mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] akaba ari uruzi rw'ibumoso rw'umugezi wa Ruzizi. Ihurira na Ruzizi, igize umupaka uhuza u [[Rwanda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], nko muri kilometero 2, munsi y’[[umugezi wa Rubyiro]] winjira muri Ruzizi, Ruhwa ikora urubibi hagati yuburengerazuba bwu [[Rwanda]] na [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubyiro_River</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] pt5qyjwxjuwck5g7qof1qq4mdbv0bb8 0 10637 83654 2022-05-17T18:16:48Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umugezi wa Koko''' ni uruzi mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusiz]]<nowiki/>i gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] akaba ari uruzi rw'iburyo rw'[[umugezi wa Ruhwa]], rukaba rugabanya umupaka uhuza uturere two mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]]. Kuburebure bwayo bwose inyura muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|parike ya Nyungwe]] .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rusizi_District)</r..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Koko''' ni uruzi mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Karere ka Rusiz]]<nowiki/>i gaherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]] akaba ari uruzi rw'iburyo rw'[[umugezi wa Ruhwa]], rukaba rugabanya umupaka uhuza uturere two mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] n'[[Uburundi]]. Kuburebure bwayo bwose inyura muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|parike ya Nyungwe]] .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_River_(Rusizi_District)</ref> [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] 90smogpu6sgmo6ap0o4m4gjlcwlunzn 0 10638 83659 83655 2022-05-17T20:17:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[Ikiraro cya Ruzizi I]] to [[Icyiraro cya Ruzizi I]] wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiraro cya Ruzizi I cyangwa Pont Ruzizi I (cyangwa Ruzizi I ) ni ikiraro gikora nk'imwe mu mipaka ihuza imipaka ihuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokaras]]<nowiki/>i [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ya Kongo]] mu mujyi wa Bukavu n'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|umujyi wa Rusizi]] hejuru y'umugezi rwa Ruzizi. Ikiraro cya Ruzizi I mukucyubaka cyatewe ininkunga n'ibihugu byubumwe bwi Burayi muri gahunda y'ubukungu y'umuryango wubukungu wibihugu byibiyaga bigari. Yafunguwe na Mayor Bilubi Ulengabo Meschac ku ya 19 [[Kamena]] 2019. Ikiraro gifite metero 57 z'uburebure, ni ikiraro cya kabiri kirekire muri Bukavu, nyuma ya Ikiraro cya Ruzizi II, nacyo kikaba nk'imwe munzira [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo]] ihana imbibi n'u [[Rwanda]].Cyubatswe bwa mbere mu 1935 kandi nyuma y'igihe kinini kirasenywa kugira ngo cyongere gusanywa mu 1974 hamwe n' ibyuma nibiti bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira ibinyabiziga bifite uburemere buke cyangwa imodoko zitwara toni zitarenze 3 Byari bimaze igihe kinini bikora, mbere yo kubaka iki kiraro gishya, cgifite ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira toni zigera kuri 30, gikora neza kuva muri 2012.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_Ruzizi_I</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Ikiraro]] lb8o6s289m9k96dhuxv4iwzd7qsvdpg 14 10639 83656 2022-05-17T19:55:07Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ikiraro" wikitext text/x-wiki Ikiraro 92n3q6e8nxuuhj27iwbrupbfrwjl1d2 0 10640 83657 2022-05-17T20:14:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Icyiraro Ruzizi''' II ni kimwe mu biraro i [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] cyangwa Bukavu, ikora nk'imwe mu mipaka ihuza imipaka ihuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu mujyi wa Bukavu n'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka Rusizi]] hejuru y'uruzi rwa Ruzizi. Iki cyiraro giherereye inyuma yumusozi ubamo inkambi ya gisirikare yitwa "Saio Military camp", yubatswe mu 1943 nyuma y’intsinzi y’ingabo za Kongo muri Etiyopiya k' ubutaliyani babaga muri..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Icyiraro Ruzizi''' II ni kimwe mu biraro i [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] cyangwa Bukavu, ikora nk'imwe mu mipaka ihuza imipaka ihuza [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu mujyi wa Bukavu n'u [[Rwanda]] mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi|karere ka Rusizi]] hejuru y'uruzi rwa Ruzizi. Iki cyiraro giherereye inyuma yumusozi ubamo inkambi ya gisirikare yitwa "Saio Military camp", yubatswe mu 1943 nyuma y’intsinzi y’ingabo za Kongo muri Etiyopiya k' ubutaliyani babaga muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba ku ya 8 [[Kamena]] 1941 mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Icyiraro cyahise cyubakwa kugira ngo habeho ubucuruzi hagati ya Rwanda-Urundi na Kongo Mbiligi, imirimo yabo yamaze imyaka 12 kuva 1908 kugeza 1920 Icyiraro gifite uburebure bwa metero 88, nicyo cyiraro cya mbere kirekire mu mujyi wa Bukavu, giherereye mu birometero 20 uvuye kuri [[Ikiraro cya Ruzizi I|Icyiraro cya Ruzizi I]], kikaba ari n’umupaka wa gasutamo n’u [[Rwanda]] i Rusizi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_Ruzizi_II</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Icyiraro]] s1suw3l30n20r1ke3mm5bl7kvdb67cr 14 10641 83658 2022-05-17T20:14:29Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Icyiraro" wikitext text/x-wiki Icyiraro 4mwdozp15iaca69jqcr20svuppjlorg 0 10642 83660 2022-05-17T20:17:10Z Nkurudeo 10766 Nkurudeo moved page [[Ikiraro cya Ruzizi I]] to [[Icyiraro cya Ruzizi I]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Icyiraro cya Ruzizi I]] dfjyu8e17af469oalmf4j7zzp1euxo5 0 10643 83661 2022-05-18T05:51:00Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Umusozi wa karongi''' ufite m 2584. Ubarizwa mu [[akarere ka Karongi]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuza]] bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://peakvisor.com/adm/karongi.html</ref><ref>https://peakvisor.com/peak/karongi.html</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umusozi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umusozi wa karongi''' ufite m 2584. Ubarizwa mu [[akarere ka Karongi]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'uburengerazuza]] bw'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://peakvisor.com/adm/karongi.html</ref><ref>https://peakvisor.com/peak/karongi.html</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Umusozi]] 2ab8rdbqfdpx9jpn02pqrt51vcctzmr 14 10644 83662 2022-05-18T05:51:40Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umusozi" wikitext text/x-wiki Umusozi 4bnw141cm6v5ljy3f6wwh7l54pn8s2y 0 10645 83663 2022-05-18T06:21:47Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije no guharanira imirire myiza, Umuryango AEE watanze ibiti 2,080 bya avoka byo gutera muri [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] na [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]], biba bikeya kuko byifuzwaga na benshi. Umuryango AEE wabitanze ku baturage bo mu Murenge wa Mukura mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], no mu Murenge wa Ngera ndetse n’uwa Ngoma mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Karere ka Nyaruguru]]. Byahawe abaturage bakeya batoranyijwe n’inzego z..." wikitext text/x-wiki Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ibidukikije no guharanira imirire myiza, Umuryango AEE watanze ibiti 2,080 bya avoka byo gutera muri [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] na [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]], biba bikeya kuko byifuzwaga na benshi. Umuryango AEE wabitanze ku baturage bo mu Murenge wa Mukura mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], no mu Murenge wa Ngera ndetse n’uwa Ngoma mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Karere ka Nyaruguru]]. Byahawe abaturage bakeya batoranyijwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi. Abatuye muri Mukura no muri Ngera bagiye bahabwa igiti kimwe buri wese, naho muri Ngoma bo bahabwa ibiti bitatu buri wese.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/hatanzwe-ibiti-bya-avoka-byo-gutera-biba-nk-agatonyanga-mu-nyanja</ref> [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Avoka]] hd8z7rvwbvuofpcm8ubhast5dtw6xbr 14 10646 83664 2022-05-18T06:22:00Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "avoka" wikitext text/x-wiki avoka kxuw7xetu86hjxce8n7znxlh9oj1ktw 0 10647 83665 2022-05-18T06:41:42Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "'''Icyayi Cya Gisovu''' ni icyayi gihingwa mu misozi ya Gisovu mu murenge wa Twumba, [[Akarere ka Karongi|akarere ka Karong]]<nowiki/>i [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]]. Ahocyaciye agahigo mu [[Rwanda]] no kumasoko mpuzamahanga kuba aricyo cy'igurwa amafaranga menshi, aho cyaguzwe amadora 5.97 , ikindi ni icyayi cya Kitabi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/icyayi-cya-kitabi-n-icya-gisovu-byaciye-agahigo-ku-isoko-muri-kenya?fbclid=Iw..." wikitext text/x-wiki '''Icyayi Cya Gisovu''' ni icyayi gihingwa mu misozi ya Gisovu mu murenge wa Twumba, [[Akarere ka Karongi|akarere ka Karong]]<nowiki/>i [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]]. Ahocyaciye agahigo mu [[Rwanda]] no kumasoko mpuzamahanga kuba aricyo cy'igurwa amafaranga menshi, aho cyaguzwe amadora 5.97 , ikindi ni icyayi cya Kitabi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/icyayi-cya-kitabi-n-icya-gisovu-byaciye-agahigo-ku-isoko-muri-kenya?fbclid=IwAR0vrg71iNhFPv5HOYi7DWSxf-1-PcWyDKgtz0i3nQ9UofRTGXLdZT6ZuGU</ref><ref>https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/gisovu-tea-estate-in-nyungwe-forest-national-park/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Icyayi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] cmd3wgf8c3uy79ags67iqxbvdhiz32f 14 10648 83666 2022-05-18T06:42:08Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Icyayi" wikitext text/x-wiki Icyayi d3k6gk5qbljohjq13zjwwof5dxgxwd6 0 10649 83668 83667 2022-05-18T06:55:52Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Icyayi Kitab'''i ni icyayi cyahesheje [[igihugu]] cyu [[Rwanda]] ishema, aho cyaciye agahigo ko kuba cyaraguzwe amafaranga meshi ku isoko mpuzamahanga ryo muri [[Kenya]] aho cyaguze amadora asaga 6.06, hamwe ni [[Icyayi cya Gisovu|cyayi cya Gisovu]].<ref>https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/gisovu-tea-estate-in-nyungwe-forest-national-park/</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/icyayi-cya-kitabi-n-icya-gisovu-byaciye-agahigo-ku-isoko-muri-kenya?fbclid=IwAR0vrg71iNhFPv5HOYi7DWSxf-1-PcWyDKgtz0i3nQ9UofRTGXLdZT6ZuGU</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Icyayi]] e0kfa9cf8hjwynmaf0pprze491rgowb 0 10650 83670 83669 2022-05-18T07:17:07Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Icyayi cyacu.jpg|thumb|Icyayi cyiza]] Mu [[Rwanda]] [[Icyayi]] cyatangiye guhingwa mu 1961. Mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 2018 cyakorwagamo n’abahinzi 42840, gihingwa kuri hegitari 26897 mu turere 12 tw’[[igihugu]]. Ingano yacyo yarazamutse iva kuri toni 14 500 mu 2000 igera kuri toni 27 824 mu 2017/2018. Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikomoka ku Buhinzi n’Ubworozi (NAEB)<ref>https://www.naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=1</ref>, kigaragaza ko mu 2016-2017 icyayi cyoherejwe mu mahanga cyari toni 25,128 zavuyemo miliyoni $74,5 mu gihe mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2017-2018 habonetse toni 27 824 zasaruwemo miliyoni $88. Mu 2018 mu [[Rwanda]] hari inganda 16 zitunganya icyayi. Mu bakoranaga na zo abagore bari 60% n’abagabo 40%. [[Icyayi]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] kimaze kuba ubukombe, muri Gicurasi umwaka ushize cyahawe ibihembo 11 muri 12 byatangiwe mu Nama yahuje Abahinzi b’Icyayi muri Afurika, yabereye i Nairobi.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/icyayi-cya-kitabi-n-icya-gisovu-byaciye-agahigo-ku-isoko-muri-kenya?fbclid=IwAR0vrg71iNhFPv5HOYi7DWSxf-1-PcWyDKgtz0i3nQ9UofRTGXLdZT6ZuGU</ref><ref>https://www.nyungweforestnationalpark.org/gisovu-tea-estate-in-nyungwe-forest-national-park/</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Icyayi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 97g1ffqcngyjm85at8qo2xojnbq18mf 0 10651 83671 2022-05-18T08:30:18Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Icyayi cyacu.jpg|thumb|Icyayi Cyiza]] Icyayi mu [[Rwanda]] kizwi cyane ku [[isi]] kubera kwinjiza no kumurika Icyayi cyo mu misozi yo mu [[Rwanda]] gitanga [[icyayi]] cyiza mu [[Rwanda]] ushora imari mu gutunganya [[icyayi]], gukurikirana impuguke no kuyobora mu gutanga umusaruro. == Rwanda Mountain Tea == Guhera mu 2006, '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' yabaye umushoramari wigenga w’abasangwabutaka mu nganda z’icyayi n’imirima, agura imigabane myinshi mu..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Icyayi cyacu.jpg|thumb|Icyayi Cyiza]] Icyayi mu [[Rwanda]] kizwi cyane ku [[isi]] kubera kwinjiza no kumurika Icyayi cyo mu misozi yo mu [[Rwanda]] gitanga [[icyayi]] cyiza mu [[Rwanda]] ushora imari mu gutunganya [[icyayi]], gukurikirana impuguke no kuyobora mu gutanga umusaruro. == Rwanda Mountain Tea == Guhera mu 2006, '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' yabaye umushoramari wigenga w’abasangwabutaka mu nganda z’icyayi n’imirima, agura imigabane myinshi mu mitungo myinshi yahoze ari iya leta, harimo , Nyabihu na Rubyaa (mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|burengerazuba]] no mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|majyaruguru]]), [[Icyayi cya Kitabi|Kitabi]] (mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]]),<ref>https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/icyayi-cya-kitabi-n-icya-gisovu-byaciye-agahigo-ku-isoko-muri-kenya?fbclid=IwAR0vrg71iNhFPv5HOYi7DWSxf-1-PcWyDKgtz0i3nQ9UofRTGXLdZT6ZuGU</ref> na Gisakura na Mata (mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo]] y'[[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|iburengerazuba]]) . == Kwagura Ibikorwa == Byongeye kandi, muri gahunda yo kwagura, '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' yashoye gushinga uruganda rw'[[icyayi]] ahitwa [[Akarere ka Rutsiro|Rutsiro]] ([[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|mu intara y'burengerazuba]]), kabuhariwe mu gukora CTC yumukara, [[icyayi]] cyumukara nicyatsi kibisi Ikindi cyiyongereyeho ni uruganda rwicyayi rwa Gatare mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] ruteganijwe gukoreshwa mbere yuyu mwaka.<ref>https://maps.prodafrica.com/places/rwanda/kigali-city/kigali/tea-producer/rwanda-mountain-tea-ltd/</ref> == Ishoramari == Ishoramari rya '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' mu ishoramari ry’[[icyayi]] rigamije kuzamura umusaruro w’[[icyayi]] binyuze mu buhinzi bwiza no kubona no kwagura imirima y’icyayi mu gihugu hose. Umuzenguruko warangiye mu kuzamura no kubaka inganda z'[[icyayi]] zigezweho no gushyiraho uruganda rwicyayi ruvanga nogupakira [[icyayi]] kugirango gikemure abakoresha [[icyayi]] mu [[Rwanda]] kandi buhoro buhoro mukarere ndetse no mubindi bice bya [[Afurika|Afrika]]. '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' izwi kwisi yose kubera gukora [[icyayi]] cyiza cya CTC cyiza ku [[isi]], kandi yatsindiye ibihembo bitandukanye by'[[icyayi]] ku [[isi]].<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=544&tx_kesearch_pi1%5Bsword%5D=icyayi&tx_kesearch_pi1%5Bpage%5D=1&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BresetFilters%5D=0&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BsortByField%5D=&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BsortByDir%5D=</ref> === Amashanyarazi === Usibye gukora no gucuruza icyayi, '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' numushoramari wigenga mu kongera ingufu. Kugeza ubu igomba gushyiraho inganda z'amashanyarazi 2 y'umugezi wa Giciye itanga MW 8 kuri gride y'[[igihugu]].Ari mubikorwa byo kubaka urundi r'uganda kumugezi umwe gifite ubushobozi bwa MW 7.2. Mu bindi bikorwa bifitanye isano, Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd yasinyanye na leta yu [[Rwanda]] amasezerano y’inguzanyo ku nganda 2 zisanzwe zikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo zongere MW 4. Ibigo mu matsinda bivanga mu buryo bworoshye mu baturage bakoreramo, bigira uruhare mu kubaka [[Ishuri|amashuri]], ibigo ndzerabuzima, imihanda igaburira, n’amazu ku bakene cyane. Bagira uruhare kandi muri gahunda y'[[igihugu]] yinka imwe kumuryango ukennye buri mwaka baha amatungo imiryango itishoboye. <ref>https://maps.prodafrica.com/places/rwanda/kigali-city/kigali/tea-producer/rwanda-mountain-tea-ltd/</ref> === Ibindi === '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' itanga imirimo irenga 25.000 kubaturage bo mucyaro usibye kugura ibabi ryatsi kubuhinzi-borozi, bityo bagatanga isoko ryumwaka wose kubicuruzwa byabo. Isosiyete ihuza neza n’abaturage aho ikorera, igira uruhare mu iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu by’abaturage binyuze muri; kubaka amashuri, ibigo nderabuzima, umuhanda ugaburira, amazu kubakene cyane no kuzana amazi meza kubaturage.<ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=544&tx_kesearch_pi1%5Bsword%5D=icyayi&tx_kesearch_pi1%5Bpage%5D=1&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BresetFilters%5D=0&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BsortByField%5D=&tx_kesearch_pi1%5BsortByDir%5D=</ref> Hanyuma, '''Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd''' ni umusoreshwa munini kandi igashora inyungu mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]], bityo ikagira uruhare mu iterambere ry’u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://maps.prodafrica.com/places/rwanda/kigali-city/kigali/tea-producer/rwanda-mountain-tea-ltd/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Icyayi]] obriouuhrs9r3ozzjx3d639vh47v5i7 828 10652 83672 2022-05-18T08:43:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Module:Category handler/config Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- [[Module:Category handler]] configuration data -- -- Language-specific parameter names and values can be set here. -- -- For blacklist config, see [[Module:Category handler/blacklist]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start configuration data -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter names -- -- These configuration items specify custom parameter names. -- -- To add one extra name, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- foo = 'parameter name', -- -- -- -- To add multiple names, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- foo = {'parameter name 1', 'parameter name 2', 'parameter name 3'}, -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cfg.parameters = { -- The nocat and categories parameter suppress -- categorisation. They are used with Module:Yesno, and work as follows: -- -- cfg.nocat: -- Result of yesno() Effect -- true Categorisation is suppressed -- false Categorisation is allowed, and -- the blacklist check is skipped -- nil Categorisation is allowed -- -- cfg.categories: -- Result of yesno() Effect -- true Categorisation is allowed, and -- the blacklist check is skipped -- false Categorisation is suppressed -- nil Categorisation is allowed nocat = 'nocat', categories = 'categories', -- The parameter name for the legacy "category2" parameter. This skips the -- blacklist if set to the cfg.category2Yes value, and suppresses -- categorisation if present but equal to anything other than -- cfg.category2Yes or cfg.category2Negative. category2 = 'category2', -- cfg.subpage is the parameter name to specify how to behave on subpages. subpage = 'subpage', -- The parameter for data to return in all namespaces. all = 'all', -- The parameter name for data to return if no data is specified for the -- namespace that is detected. other = 'other', -- The parameter name used to specify a page other than the current page; -- used for testing and demonstration. demopage = 'page', } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter values -- -- These are set values that can be used with certain parameters. Only one -- -- value can be specified, like this: -- -- -- -- cfg.foo = 'value name' -- -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The following settings are used with the cfg.category2 parameter. Setting -- cfg.category2 to cfg.category2Yes skips the blacklist, and if cfg.category2 -- is present but equal to anything other than cfg.category2Yes or -- cfg.category2Negative then it supresses cateogrisation. cfg.category2Yes = 'yes' cfg.category2Negative = '¬' -- The following settings are used with the cfg.subpage parameter. -- cfg.subpageNo is the value to specify to not categorise on subpages; -- cfg.subpageOnly is the value to specify to only categorise on subpages. cfg.subpageNo = 'no' cfg.subpageOnly = 'only' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Default namespaces -- -- This is a table of namespaces to categorise by default. The keys are the -- -- namespace numbers. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cfg.defaultNamespaces = { [ 0] = true, -- main [ 6] = true, -- file [ 12] = true, -- help [ 14] = true, -- category [100] = true, -- portal [108] = true, -- book } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wrappers -- -- This is a wrapper template or a list of wrapper templates to be passed to -- -- [[Module:Arguments]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cfg.wrappers = 'Template:Category handler' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration data -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return cfg -- Don't edit this line. 6ga9hbq2pdwalsvx68i53dmbr421rq5 0 10653 83681 83673 2022-05-18T08:49:53Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:UMugezi wa giciye.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Gicuye iyo wuzuye]] '''Umugezi wa Giciye''' ni uruzi ruri mu Mudugudu wa Rubaya mu Kagari ka Mashya mu Murenge wa Muhanda mu [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Karere ka Ngororero]] [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|intara y'iburengerazuba]]. ni umugezi ukunze kuzura [[Amazi, Isuku n'isukura|amazi]] meshi iyo cyane cyane imvura yaguye.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/muhanda-imiryango-isenyerwa-amazu-n-umugezi-wa-giciye-irasaba-kwimurwa</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] [[Ikiciro:Uruzi]] oztlpnf9n5fbzokfyngqn9w80aplzgr 828 10654 83674 2022-05-18T08:44:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Category handler/config/doc wikitext text/x-wiki == Usage == <nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''function_name''}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 30jet0emsmv696hhlokudiz7cnq24mm 828 10655 83675 2022-05-18T08:45:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Category handler/shared Scribunto text/plain -- This module contains shared functions used by [[Module:Category handler]] -- and its submodules. local p = {} function p.matchesBlacklist(page, blacklist) for i, pattern in ipairs(blacklist) do local match = mw.ustring.match(page, pattern) if match then return true end end return false end function p.getParamMappings(useLoadData) local dataPage = 'Module:Namespace detect/data' if useLoadData then return mw.loadData(dataPage).mappings else return require(dataPage).mappings end end function p.getNamespaceParameters(titleObj, mappings) -- We don't use title.nsText for the namespace name because it adds -- underscores. local mappingsKey if titleObj.isTalkPage then mappingsKey = 'talk' else mappingsKey = mw.site.namespaces[titleObj.namespace].name end mappingsKey = mw.ustring.lower(mappingsKey) return mappings[mappingsKey] or {} end return p omlsnhudxz6juptvtxz7ns97jutbzc5 828 10656 83676 2022-05-18T08:46:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Category handler/shared/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''function_name''}}</code> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> k0ne36kmlth5uhrf9ui1r7vnsv1a7mk 828 10657 83677 2022-05-18T08:47:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Category handler/blacklist Scribunto text/plain -- This module contains the blacklist used by [[Module:Category handler]]. -- Pages that match Lua patterns in this list will not be categorised unless -- categorisation is explicitly requested. return { '^Main Page$', -- don't categorise the main page. -- Don't categorise the following pages or their subpages. -- "%f[/\0]" matches if the next character is "/" or the end of the string. '^Wikipedia:Cascade%-protected items%f[/\0]', '^User:UBX%f[/\0]', -- The userbox "template" space. '^User talk:UBX%f[/\0]', -- Don't categorise subpages of these pages, but allow -- categorisation of the base page. '^Wikipedia:Template index/.*$', -- Don't categorise archives. '/[aA]rchive', "^Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive%d+$", } fsv1drcay6t25e91hzhqxtyp7pckbpx 828 10658 83678 2022-05-18T08:47:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Category handler/blacklist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''function_name''}}</code> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> k0ne36kmlth5uhrf9ui1r7vnsv1a7mk 828 10659 83679 2022-05-18T08:49:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect Scribunto text/plain --[[ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- NAMESPACE DETECT -- -- -- -- This module implements the {{namespace detect}} template in Lua, with a -- -- few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases are supported, -- -- and namespace names are detected automatically for the local wiki. The -- -- module can also use the corresponding subject namespace value if it is -- -- used on a talk page. Parameter names can be configured for different wikis -- -- by altering the values in the "cfg" table in -- -- Module:Namespace detect/config. -- -- -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] local data = mw.loadData('Module:Namespace detect/data') local argKeys = data.argKeys local cfg = data.cfg local mappings = data.mappings local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mArguments -- Lazily initialise Module:Arguments local mTableTools -- Lazily initilalise Module:TableTools local ustringLower = mw.ustring.lower local p = {} local function fetchValue(t1, t2) -- Fetches a value from the table t1 for the first key in array t2 where -- a non-nil value of t1 exists. for i, key in ipairs(t2) do local value = t1[key] if value ~= nil then return value end end return nil end local function equalsArrayValue(t, value) -- Returns true if value equals a value in the array t. Otherwise -- returns false. for i, arrayValue in ipairs(t) do if value == arrayValue then return true end end return false end function p.getPageObject(page) -- Get the page object, passing the function through pcall in case of -- errors, e.g. being over the expensive function count limit. if page then local success, pageObject = pcall(mw.title.new, page) if success then return pageObject else return nil end else return mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end end -- Provided for backward compatibility with other modules function p.getParamMappings() return mappings end local function getNamespace(args) -- This function gets the namespace name from the page object. local page = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demopage) if page == '' then page = nil end local demospace = fetchValue(args, argKeys.demospace) if demospace == '' then demospace = nil end local subjectns = fetchValue(args, argKeys.subjectns) local ret if demospace then -- Handle "demospace = main" properly. if equalsArrayValue(argKeys.main, ustringLower(demospace)) then ret = mw.site.namespaces[0].name else ret = demospace end else local pageObject = p.getPageObject(page) if pageObject then if pageObject.isTalkPage then -- Get the subject namespace if the option is set, -- otherwise use "talk". if yesno(subjectns) then ret = mw.site.namespaces[pageObject.namespace].subject.name else ret = 'talk' end else ret = pageObject.nsText end else return nil -- return nil if the page object doesn't exist. end end ret = ret:gsub('_', ' ') return ustringLower(ret) end function p._main(args) -- Check the parameters stored in the mappings table for any matches. local namespace = getNamespace(args) or 'other' -- "other" avoids nil table keys local params = mappings[namespace] or {} local ret = fetchValue(args, params) --[[ -- If there were no matches, return parameters for other namespaces. -- This happens if there was no text specified for the namespace that -- was detected or if the demospace parameter is not a valid -- namespace. Note that the parameter for the detected namespace must be -- completely absent for this to happen, not merely blank. --]] if ret == nil then ret = fetchValue(args, argKeys.other) end return ret end function p.main(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {removeBlanks = false}) local ret = p._main(args) return ret or '' end function p.table(frame) --[[ -- Create a wikitable of all subject namespace parameters, for -- documentation purposes. The talk parameter is optional, in case it -- needs to be excluded in the documentation. --]] -- Load modules and initialise variables. mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local namespaces = mw.site.namespaces local cfg = data.cfg local useTalk = type(frame) == 'table' and type(frame.args) == 'table' and yesno(frame.args.talk) -- Whether to use the talk parameter. -- Get the header names. local function checkValue(value, default) if type(value) == 'string' then return value else return default end end local nsHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader, 'Namespace') local aliasesHeader = checkValue(cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader, 'Aliases') -- Put the namespaces in order. local mappingsOrdered = {} for nsname, params in pairs(mappings) do if useTalk or nsname ~= 'talk' then local nsid = namespaces[nsname].id -- Add 1, as the array must start with 1; nsid 0 would be lost otherwise. nsid = nsid + 1 mappingsOrdered[nsid] = params end end mappingsOrdered = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(mappingsOrdered) -- Build the table. local ret = '{| class="wikitable"' .. '\n|-' .. '\n! ' .. nsHeader .. '\n! ' .. aliasesHeader for i, params in ipairs(mappingsOrdered) do for j, param in ipairs(params) do if j == 1 then ret = ret .. '\n|-' .. '\n| <code>' .. param .. '</code>' .. '\n| ' elseif j == 2 then ret = ret .. '<code>' .. param .. '</code>' else ret = ret .. ', <code>' .. param .. '</code>' end end end ret = ret .. '\n|-' .. '\n|}' return ret end return p j7kygz1y56jpz4doq0m2c6x1td5d8ar 828 10660 83680 2022-05-18T08:49:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module allows you to output different text depending on the [[WP:NAMESPACE|namespace]] that a given page is in. It is a [[WP:Lua|Lua]] implementation of the {{tl|namespace detect}} template, with a few improvements: all namespaces and all namespace aliases are supported, and namespace names are detected automatically for the local wiki. == Usage == <pre> {{#invoke: Namespace detect | main | page = <!-- page to detect namespace for, if not the current page --> | main = <!-- text to return for the main namespace --> | talk = <!-- text to return for talk namespaces --> <!-- text to return for specific subject namespaces --> | portal = | category = | user = | wikipedia = | mediawiki = | book = | timedtext = | template = | special = | media = | file = | image = | help = | module = | other = <!-- text to return for unspecified namespaces --> | demospace = <!-- namespace to display text for --> | subjectns = <!-- set to "yes" to treat talk pages as the corresponding subject page --> }} </pre> == Parameters == * '''main''' - text to return if the page is in the main namespace. * '''talk''' - text to return if the page is in a talk namespace. This can be any talk namespace - it will match any of "Talk:", "Wikipedia talk:", "User talk:", etc. * Subject namespace parameters, e.g. '''wikipedia''', '''user''', '''file'''... - the text to return if the page is in the corresponding namespace. This module accepts all subject namespaces as parameters, including [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Aliases|namespace aliases]] and [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Virtual namespaces|virtual namespaces]]. See below for a list of supported values. * '''other''' - text to return if no parameters for the page's namespace were specified. This text is also returned if {{para|demospace}} is set to an invalid namespace value. * '''subjectns''' - if on a talk page, use the corresponding subject page. Can be set with values of "yes", "y", "true" or "1". * '''demopage''' - specifies a page to detect the namespace of. If not specified, and if the {{para|demospace}} parameter is not set, then the module uses the current page. * '''demospace''' - force the module to behave as if the page was in the specified namespace. Often used for demonstrations. === Namespace parameters === Possible values for subject namespace parameters are as follows: {{#invoke:Namespace detect|table}} == Table function == Use the following to display a table with the different possible namespace parameters: &#123;&#123;#invoke:Namespace detect|table|talk=''yes''&#125;&#125; To include the parameter for talk namespaces, use {{para|talk|yes}}. == Porting to different wikis == This module is designed to be portable. To use it on a different wiki, all you need to do is to change the values in [[Module:Namespace detect/config]]. Instructions are available on that page. == Technical details == The module uses a data page at [[Module:Namespace detect/data]]. This page is loaded with [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.loadData|mw.loadData]], which means it is processed once per page rather than once per #invoke. This was done for performance reasons. akl9w0215coun49fr7lyrzpwvhagtea 828 10661 83682 2022-05-18T08:50:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect/data Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Namespace detect data -- -- This module holds data for [[Module:Namespace detect]] to be loaded per -- -- page, rather than per #invoke, for performance reasons. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = require('Module:Namespace detect/config') local function addKey(t, key, defaultKey) if key ~= defaultKey then t[#t + 1] = key end end -- Get a table of parameters to query for each default parameter name. -- This allows wikis to customise parameter names in the cfg table while -- ensuring that default parameter names will always work. The cfg table -- values can be added as a string, or as an array of strings. local defaultKeys = { 'main', 'talk', 'other', 'subjectns', 'demospace', 'demopage' } local argKeys = {} for i, defaultKey in ipairs(defaultKeys) do argKeys[defaultKey] = {defaultKey} end for defaultKey, t in pairs(argKeys) do local cfgValue = cfg[defaultKey] local cfgValueType = type(cfgValue) if cfgValueType == 'string' then addKey(t, cfgValue, defaultKey) elseif cfgValueType == 'table' then for i, key in ipairs(cfgValue) do addKey(t, key, defaultKey) end end cfg[defaultKey] = nil -- Free the cfg value as we don't need it any more. end local function getParamMappings() --[[ -- Returns a table of how parameter names map to namespace names. The keys -- are the actual namespace names, in lower case, and the values are the -- possible parameter names for that namespace, also in lower case. The -- table entries are structured like this: -- { -- [''] = {'main'}, -- ['wikipedia'] = {'wikipedia', 'project', 'wp'}, -- ... -- } --]] local mappings = {} local mainNsName = mw.site.subjectNamespaces[0].name mainNsName = mw.ustring.lower(mainNsName) mappings[mainNsName] = mw.clone(argKeys.main) mappings['talk'] = mw.clone(argKeys.talk) for nsid, ns in pairs(mw.site.subjectNamespaces) do if nsid ~= 0 then -- Exclude main namespace. local nsname = mw.ustring.lower(ns.name) local canonicalName = mw.ustring.lower(ns.canonicalName) mappings[nsname] = {nsname} if canonicalName ~= nsname then table.insert(mappings[nsname], canonicalName) end for _, alias in ipairs(ns.aliases) do table.insert(mappings[nsname], mw.ustring.lower(alias)) end end end return mappings end return { argKeys = argKeys, cfg = cfg, mappings = getParamMappings() } ojp6d3pc8mql5nufaqdg576c9so3479 828 10662 83683 2022-05-18T08:51:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect/data/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This is a data page for [[Module:Namespace detect]] and [[Module:Category handler/shared]]. It is loaded by the main module using mw.loadData, which means it is only processed once per page rather than once per #invoke. 27dnayp8e703ex9gxu2ej47yjyrx9rs 828 10663 83684 2022-05-18T08:52:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect/config Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Namespace detect configuration data -- -- -- -- This module stores configuration data for Module:Namespace detect. Here -- -- you can localise the module to your wiki's language. -- -- -- -- To activate a configuration item, you need to uncomment it. This means -- -- that you need to remove the text "-- " at the start of the line. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Don't edit this line. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter names -- -- These configuration items specify custom parameter names. Values added -- -- here will work in addition to the default English parameter names. -- -- To add one extra name, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- cfg.foo = 'parameter name' -- -- -- -- To add multiple names, you can use this format: -- -- -- -- cfg.foo = {'parameter name 1', 'parameter name 2', 'parameter name 3'} -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- This parameter displays content for the main namespace: -- cfg.main = 'main' ---- This parameter displays in talk namespaces: -- cfg.talk = 'talk' ---- This parameter displays content for "other" namespaces (namespaces for which ---- parameters have not been specified): -- cfg.other = 'other' ---- This parameter makes talk pages behave as though they are the corresponding ---- subject namespace. Note that this parameter is used with [[Module:Yesno]]. ---- Edit that module to change the default values of "yes", "no", etc. -- cfg.subjectns = 'subjectns' ---- This parameter sets a demonstration namespace: -- cfg.demospace = 'demospace' ---- This parameter sets a specific page to compare: cfg.demopage = 'page' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Table configuration -- -- These configuration items allow customisation of the "table" function, -- -- used to generate a table of possible parameters in the module -- -- documentation. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- The header for the namespace column in the wikitable containing the list of ---- possible subject-space parameters. -- cfg.wikitableNamespaceHeader = 'Namespace' ---- The header for the wikitable containing the list of possible subject-space ---- parameters. -- cfg.wikitableAliasesHeader = 'Aliases' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End of configuration data -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return cfg -- Don't edit this line. 1o6ozz56i8q0xgyl6xa41n2v7kelhli 828 10664 83685 2022-05-18T08:52:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Namespace detect/config/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Namespace detect]]. To change the data, please follow the instructions in the module comments. qplwm9sbigf35jmbhl9e9gcfs49dh67 10 10665 83686 2022-05-18T08:58:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbar wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navbar|navbar}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fptzky4feeh5ybkj9wgkbuuk3emtln7 10 10666 83687 2022-05-18T08:58:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Navbar|{{used in system}}}} {{lua|Module:Navbar}}{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|VTE|{{tsh|V}}}} {{tlx|Navbar}} provides a small "view&nbsp;'''&middot;'''&nbsp;talk&nbsp;'''&middot;'''&nbsp;edit" navigation bar. It is primarily used for content-heavy templates and other transcluded content blocks, so that the content inside the template or block is more easily editable {{lang|la|in situ}} where it was found, without having track it down through examining transclusion code. {{tnull|Navbar}}'s extremely high use rate and consequent protection level are because it is integrated as a feature into numerous [[WP:NAVBOX|navigation box]] and [[WP:INFOBOX|infobox]] templates used in millions of articles. It is also a regular feature of many internal-use templates and tables of the Wikipedia, Help, and Template [[WP:NAMESPACE|namespaces]]. ==Usage== ===General=== When one of the following examples is placed inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigation templates|template]] (or block of content used for [[Wikipedia:Transclusion#Selective transclusion|selective transclusion]]), it adds basic navbar navigational functionality: :<code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{subst:PAGENAME}}|mini=y}}</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{subst:PAGENAME}}|plain=y}}</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{subst:PAGENAME}}|fontstyle=color: green; font-style: italic;}}</nowiki></code> The <code><nowiki>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code> will be [[WP:SUBST|substituted]] with the page name of the real location of the content when parsed by the servers. For example, <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Navbar/doc}}</nowiki></code> gives:<br />{{navbar|Navbar/doc}} When used in content that is selectively transcluded but which is also used as-is in its original location, this template should be wrapped in {{xtag|includeonly|p}} markup, so that it only appears when transcluded. ===Font size and weight === Font-size is 88% when used in a topical navbar template or in plain text, and 100% when nested in a navbox or infobox (because those templates' text size is already reduced; the "100%" is relative to the surrounding template's own content, not that of the entire page). The {{para|fontstyle}} parameter can be used to adjust font size as needed (e.g. to reduce font size even more when the template is used inside a block element with a large font size). Do not abuse this to make excessively small text (i.e. less than 85% of the normal page text), since that causes [[MOS:SMALLTEXT|accessibility problems]] for many readers. In a topical navbar, the weight is "normal"; when nested in a navbox or infobox, it inherits the style of the surrounding content. The middot bullets are bold for better visibility. === Block level element === The template generates block-level markup with {{tag|div}} tags, and therefore, any surrounding markup cannot include {{tag|span}} tags, which would cause a [[Special:LintErrors/misc-tidy-replacement-issues|div-span-flip]] lint error. ==Examples== ===Required parameters=== *<code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name}}</nowiki></code> – the template name is required. ===Optional parameters=== {| class="wikitable" ! Options !! Parameters !! Produces... !! "Shortcut" template |- | Basic || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc}} || |- | Different text || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''text'''<nowiki>=This template:}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|text=This template:}} || |- | Without "This box:" text || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''plain'''<nowiki>=y}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|plain=y}} || {{tl|view}} |- | Short version || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''mini'''<nowiki>=y}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|mini=y}} || {{tl|v}} |- | With brackets || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''brackets'''<nowiki>=y}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|brackets=y}} || |- | With font styling examples ([[Span and div|span]]) || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''fontstyle'''<nowiki>=color: green; font-style: italic;}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|fontstyle=color: green; font-style: italic;}} || |- | With whole-template styling examples ([[Span and div|div]]) || <code><nowiki>{{navbar|Template Name|</nowiki>'''style'''<nowiki>=float:right; background: Beige; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid;}}</nowiki></code> || {{navbar|Navbar/doc|style=float:right; background: Beige; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid;}} || |} ===Shortcut templates === The <code>mini=y</code> and <code>plain=y</code> parameters can be avoided by using the {{tlx|v}} or {{tlx|view}} templates, respectively, instead. {{tl|view}} and {{tl|v}} also support changing the shown links, for example only view and edit, or only view and talk: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Code ! Result |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{view|template=view/doc}}</nowiki>}} |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{view|template=view/doc|talk}}</nowiki>}} |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{view|template=view/doc|talk|edit}}</nowiki>}} |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{v|template=v/doc}}</nowiki>}} |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{v|template=v/doc|t}}</nowiki>}} |- |{{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{v|template=v/doc|t|e}}</nowiki>}} |} ==Notes== Navbar is contained within a {{tag|div}} in order to accommodate a horizontal unnumbered list. This means it cannot be placed inside a {{tag|span}} or other inline element, because the [[HTML Tidy]] extension will 'fix' situations where it finds block elements inside inline elements. ==Prepackaged== ;{{tl|Navbar-header}}: Positions {{navbar|Navbar/doc|mini=1}} on the right edge of the line, often used in non-collapsible navbox heading. ;{{tl|Navbar-collapsible}}: For use in conjunction with [[Help:Collapsing|collapsible tables]], floats {{navbar|Navbar/doc|mini=1}} opposite of the [hide]/[show] feature. ==See also== {{Edit templates}} Other [[:Category:Internal link templates|internal link templates]], including: *{{tl|Talk}} – plain talk link *{{tl|Watch}} – plain link that adds the page to your [[Help:Watchlist|watchlist]] *[[:Category:Internal template-link templates]] {{Navigation templates}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "When placed inside a given template, it adds navbar navigational functionality", "params": { "": { "label": "Template Name", "description": "The name of the template, so links work correctly", "type": "string", "default": "", "required": true }, "text": { "label": "Different text", "description": "Allows custom text to replace the default 'this box'", "type": "string", "default": "This box", "required": false }, "plain": { "label": "Without 'This box:' text", "description": "Removes 'This box'", "type": "number", "default": "0", "required": false }, "mini": { "label": "Short Version", "description": "Shortens text to V T E", "type": "number", "default": "0", "required": false }, "brackets": { "label": "with brackets", "description": "adds brackets before and after the links", "type": "number", "default": "0", "required": false }, "fontstyle": { "label": "Font color", "description": "Allows you to change the color of the font (in the format color:green)", "type": "string", "default": "", "required": false }, "style": { "label": "To float to the side", "description": "Allows the template to float to the side (format=float:right)", "type": "string", "default": "float:left", "required": false } } } </templatedata><!--- PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE <includeonly> SECTION HERE ---><includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Internal link templates]] }}</includeonly> 4nddvksak3qr3xrxm1mkuf975hnre7b 828 10667 83688 2022-05-18T09:00:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template link general Scribunto text/plain -- This implements Template:Tlg local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} -- Is a string non-empty? local function _ne(s) return s ~= nil and s ~= "" end local nw = mw.text.nowiki local function addTemplate(s) local i, _ = s:find(':', 1, true) if i == nil then return 'Template:' .. s end local ns = s:sub(1, i - 1) if ns == '' or mw.site.namespaces[ns] then return s else return 'Template:' .. s end end local function trimTemplate(s) local needle = 'template:' if s:sub(1, needle:len()):lower() == needle then return s:sub(needle:len() + 1) else return s end end local function linkTitle(args) if _ne(args.nolink) then return args['1'] end local titleObj local titlePart = '[[' if args['1'] then -- This handles :Page and other NS titleObj = mw.title.new(args['1'], 'Template') else titleObj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end titlePart = titlePart .. (titleObj ~= nil and titleObj.fullText or addTemplate(args['1'])) local textPart = args.alttext if not _ne(textPart) then if titleObj ~= nil then textPart = titleObj:inNamespace("Template") and args['1'] or titleObj.fullText else -- redlink textPart = args['1'] end end if _ne(args.subst) then -- HACK: the ns thing above is probably broken textPart = 'subst:' .. textPart end if _ne(args.brace) then textPart = nw('{{') .. textPart .. nw('}}') elseif _ne(args.braceinside) then textPart = nw('{') .. textPart .. nw('}') end titlePart = titlePart .. '|' .. textPart .. ']]' if _ne(args.braceinside) then titlePart = nw('{') .. titlePart .. nw('}') end return titlePart end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = true, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local bold = _ne(args.bold) or _ne(args.boldlink) or _ne(args.boldname) local italic = _ne(args.italic) or _ne(args.italics) local dontBrace = _ne(args.brace) or _ne(args.braceinside) local code = _ne(args.code) or _ne(args.tt) local show_result = _ne(args._show_result) local expand = _ne(args._expand) -- Build the link part local titlePart = linkTitle(args) if bold then titlePart = "'''" .. titlePart .. "'''" end if _ne(args.nowrapname) then titlePart = '<span class="nowrap">' .. titlePart .. '</span>' end -- Build the arguments local textPart = "" local textPartBuffer = "&#124;" local codeArguments = {} local codeArgumentsString = "" local i = 2 local j = 1 while args[i] do local val = args[i] if val ~= "" then if _ne(args.nowiki) then -- Unstrip nowiki tags first because calling nw on something that already contains nowiki tags will -- mangle the nowiki strip marker and result in literal UNIQ...QINU showing up val = nw(mw.text.unstripNoWiki(val)) end local k, v = string.match(val, "(.*)=(.*)") if not k then codeArguments[j] = val j = j + 1 else codeArguments[k] = v end codeArgumentsString = codeArgumentsString .. textPartBuffer .. val if italic then val = '<span style="font-style:italic;">' .. val .. '</span>' end textPart = textPart .. textPartBuffer .. val end i = i + 1 end -- final wrap local ret = titlePart .. textPart if not dontBrace then ret = nw('{{') .. ret .. nw('}}') end if _ne(args.a) then ret = nw('*') .. '&nbsp;' .. ret end if _ne(args.kbd) then ret = '<kbd>' .. ret .. '</kbd>' end if code then ret = '<code>' .. ret .. '</code>' elseif _ne(args.plaincode) then ret = '<code style="border:none;background:transparent;">' .. ret .. '</code>' end if _ne(args.nowrap) then ret = '<span class="nowrap">' .. ret .. '</span>' end --[[ Wrap as html?? local span = mw.html.create('span') span:wikitext(ret) --]] if _ne(args.debug) then ret = ret .. '\n<pre>' .. mw.text.encode(mw.dumpObject(args)) .. '</pre>' end if show_result then local result = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = addTemplate(args[1]), args = codeArguments} ret = ret .. " → " .. result end if expand then local query = mw.text.encode('{{' .. addTemplate(args[1]) .. string.gsub(codeArgumentsString, textPartBuffer, "|") .. '}}') local url = mw.uri.fullUrl('special:ExpandTemplates', 'wpInput=' .. query) mw.log() ret = ret .. " [" .. tostring(url) .. "]" end return ret end return p n9mqsaqf536os0lov5na5yuqoibbr4y 828 10668 83689 2022-05-18T09:00:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template link general/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments}} Implements {{Tl|Template link general}} and other templates in its family ==Basic usage== <pre>{{#invoke:template link general|main}}</pre> This module is used by {{t|template link general}} and related templates to display links to templates. It is similar to {{t|tl}} but with additional formatting options and the ability to include parameters in the display. See {{slink|Template:Template_link_general#Parameters}} for the full list, which can be enabled by passing any value to them (such as "on", "yes", etc). mzc3hi2nb805vfvn46odfeignq212j0 10 10669 83690 2022-05-18T09:01:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Used in system wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>|nocat=true</noinclude>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mwa3dgqt9fnukv6a9z1d80djnfg2soz 10 10670 83691 2022-05-18T09:02:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Used in system/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{lua|Module:High-use}} This is the {{tl|used in system}} message box. It is meant to be put at the top of the documentation for templates and modules that are used in the Wikipedia user interface. '''Note!''' It is normal that some of the links in the message box are red. == Usage == The template can be used as is. But it can also take some parameters: * First parameter allows you to change the second half of the heading text. See examples below. * Second parameter is the name of some other talk page if you want discussion to be made there instead. But a better option might be to redirect the talkpage of your template to that other talkpage. Here are some examples: <pre> {{used in system|in many system messages|Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates}} </pre> {{used in system|in many system messages|Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates|nocat=yes}} <pre> {{used in system|in many system messages}} </pre> {{used in system|in many system messages|nocat=yes}} <pre> {{used in system||Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates}} </pre> {{used in system||Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates|nocat=yes}} The full code for a /doc page top can look like this: <pre> {{documentation subpage}} {{used in system| in many system messages }} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> </pre> == Technical details == The [[/sandbox]] and [[/testcases]] links are the standard names for such subpages. If those pages are created then the green /doc box for the template will detect them and link to them in its heading. For instance see the top of this documentation. == See also == * {{tl|high-use}} * {{tl|intricate template}} * [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases]] * [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]] * {{tl|pp-template}} – The protection template that usually is put on high-risk templates. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> kinxizy7j41gl9hd2cv0lotskl59s1g 10 10671 83726 83725 2022-05-18T09:46:39Z BevoLJ 10818 +doc wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lua banner|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> pnmjp3f3fl321yf2jpg5syebi412n7b 10 10672 83727 83693 2022-05-18T09:47:46Z BevoLJ 10818 clear wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|Lua talk}} {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> {{for|template to indicate [[Luba-Kasai language]] words|Template:Lang-lua}} This template is used to indicate that a template uses one or more [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] modules (pages in the <code>Module:</code> namespace). It is placed at the top of the template's /doc page. It automatically adds a floating right notification box, and it adds the template to [[:Category:Lua-based templates]] or to one of its subcategories. == Usage == ; Basic : {{tlx|Lua|''module name''}} ; All parameters : {{tlx|Lua|''module 1''|''module 2''|''module 3''|...|category{{=}}''custom category''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} The first module name is required. == Examples == * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == Categorisation == ===Template category=== This template adds pages to [[:Category:Lua-based templates]] if the page is in the template namespace, and it is not on any of the subpages /doc, /sandbox, /sandbox2 or /testcases. You can specify a different category with the {{para|category}} parameter, e.g. {{para|category|Lua String-based templates}}. Some modules have a default category other than [[:Category:Lua-based templates]]: * [[Module:String]] has the default category [[:Category:Templates based on the String Lua module]]. * [[Module:Math]] has the default category [[:Category:Templates based on the Math Lua module]]. * [[Module:BaseConvert]] has the default category [[:Category:Templates based on the BaseConvert Lua module]]. * [[Module:Citation]] and [[Module:Citation/CS1]] both have the default category [[:Category:Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module]]. ===Error category=== If no modules are specified, the transcluded page will be added to [[:Category:Lua templates with errors]]. ===Category suppression=== To suppress all categorisation, use {{para|nocat|true}}. (As well as "true", the values "yes", "y", and "1" will also work.) == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|TNT=Lua banner}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Lua]] * {{tl|module rating}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> [[Category:Lua-based templates| ]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> q2gc2isjs6orkdbi6yo9gddh7ziot2z 828 10673 83694 2022-05-18T09:03:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lua banner Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the {{lua}} template. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mList = require('Module:List') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mMessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local p = {} function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local modules = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local box = p.renderBox(modules) local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args, modules) return box .. trackingCategories end function p.renderBox(modules) local boxArgs = {} if #modules < 1 then boxArgs.text = '<strong class="error">Error: no modules specified</strong>' else local moduleLinks = {} for i, module in ipairs(modules) do moduleLinks[i] = string.format('[[:%s]]', module) local maybeSandbox = mw.title.new(module .. '/sandbox') if maybeSandbox.exists then moduleLinks[i] = moduleLinks[i] .. string.format(' ([[:%s|sandbox]])', maybeSandbox.fullText) end end local moduleList = mList.makeList('bulleted', moduleLinks) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == "doc" then title = title.basePageTitle end if title.contentModel == "Scribunto" then boxArgs.text = 'This module depends on the following other modules:' .. moduleList else boxArgs.text = 'This template uses [[Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]]:\n' .. moduleList end end boxArgs.type = 'notice' boxArgs.small = true boxArgs.image = '[[File:Lua-Logo.svg|30px|alt=|link=]]' return mMessageBox.main('mbox', boxArgs) end function p.renderTrackingCategories(args, modules, titleObj) if yesno(args.nocat) then return '' end local cats = {} -- Error category if #modules < 1 then cats[#cats + 1] = 'Lua templates with errors' end -- Lua templates category titleObj = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local subpageBlacklist = { doc = true, sandbox = true, sandbox2 = true, testcases = true } if not subpageBlacklist[titleObj.subpageText] then local protCatName if titleObj.namespace == 10 then local category = args.category if not category then local categories = { ['Module:String'] = 'Templates based on the String Lua module', ['Module:Math'] = 'Templates based on the Math Lua module', ['Module:BaseConvert'] = 'Templates based on the BaseConvert Lua module', ['Module:Citation'] = 'Templates based on the Citation/CS1 Lua module' } categories['Module:Citation/CS1'] = categories['Module:Citation'] category = modules[1] and categories[modules[1]] category = category or 'Lua-based templates' end cats[#cats + 1] = category protCatName = "Templates using under-protected Lua modules" elseif titleObj.namespace == 828 then protCatName = "Modules depending on under-protected modules" end if not args.noprotcat and protCatName then local protLevels = { autoconfirmed = 1, extendedconfirmed = 2, templateeditor = 3, sysop = 4 } local currentProt if titleObj.id ~= 0 then -- id is 0 (page does not exist) if am previewing before creating a template. currentProt = titleObj.protectionLevels["edit"][1] end if currentProt == nil then currentProt = 0 else currentProt = protLevels[currentProt] end for i, module in ipairs(modules) do if module ~= "WP:libraryUtil" then local moduleProt = mw.title.new(module).protectionLevels["edit"][1] if moduleProt == nil then moduleProt = 0 else moduleProt = protLevels[moduleProt] end if moduleProt < currentProt then cats[#cats + 1] = protCatName break end end end end end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end return p cvk1cpv9jtriqu1hfkfklnnsm49md8l 828 10674 83695 2022-05-18T09:04:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lua banner/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high use}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:List|Module:TableTools|Module:Message box}} This module implements the {{tl|lua}} template. == Usage from wikitext == This module cannot be used directly from wikitext. It can only be used through the {{tl|lua}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. == Usage from Lua modules == To use this module from other Lua modules, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mLuaBanner = require('Module:Lua banner') </syntaxhighlight> You can then generate a side box using the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mLuaBanner._main(args) </syntaxhighlight> The <var>args</var> variable should be a table containing the arguments to pass to the module. To see the different arguments that can be specified and how they affect the module output, please refer to the {{tl|lua}} template documentation. == Tracking category == * {{clc|Lua templates with errors}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> fos047t7cgpw3gglhv5yhmde5dwfeiv 828 10675 83696 2022-05-18T09:05:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:List Scribunto text/plain -- This module outputs different kinds of lists. At the moment, bulleted, -- unbulleted, horizontal, ordered, and horizontal ordered lists are supported. local libUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libUtil.checkType local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local p = {} local listTypes = { ['bulleted'] = true, ['unbulleted'] = true, ['horizontal'] = true, ['ordered'] = true, ['horizontal_ordered'] = true } function p.makeListData(listType, args) -- Constructs a data table to be passed to p.renderList. local data = {} -- Classes data.classes = {} if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then table.insert(data.classes, 'hlist hlist-separated') elseif listType == 'unbulleted' then table.insert(data.classes, 'plainlist') end table.insert(data.classes, args.class) -- Main div style data.style = args.style -- Indent for horizontal lists if listType == 'horizontal' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then local indent = tonumber(args.indent) indent = indent and indent * 1.6 or 0 if indent > 0 then data.marginLeft = indent .. 'em' end end -- List style types for ordered lists -- This could be "1, 2, 3", "a, b, c", or a number of others. The list style -- type is either set by the "type" attribute or the "list-style-type" CSS -- property. if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then data.listStyleType = args.list_style_type or args['list-style-type'] data.type = args['type'] -- Detect invalid type attributes and attempt to convert them to -- list-style-type CSS properties. if data.type and not data.listStyleType and not tostring(data.type):find('^%s*[1AaIi]%s*$') then data.listStyleType = data.type data.type = nil end end -- List tag type if listType == 'ordered' or listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then data.listTag = 'ol' else data.listTag = 'ul' end -- Start number for ordered lists data.start = args.start if listType == 'horizontal_ordered' then -- Apply fix to get start numbers working with horizontal ordered lists. local startNum = tonumber(data.start) if startNum then data.counterReset = 'listitem ' .. tostring(startNum - 1) end end -- List style -- ul_style and ol_style are included for backwards compatibility. No -- distinction is made for ordered or unordered lists. data.listStyle = args.list_style -- List items -- li_style is included for backwards compatibility. item_style was included -- to be easier to understand for non-coders. data.itemStyle = args.item_style or args.li_style data.items = {} for i, num in ipairs(mTableTools.numKeys(args)) do local item = {} item.content = args[num] item.style = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_style'] or args['item_style' .. tostring(num)] item.value = args['item' .. tostring(num) .. '_value'] or args['item_value' .. tostring(num)] table.insert(data.items, item) end return data end function p.renderList(data) -- Renders the list HTML. -- Return the blank string if there are no list items. if type(data.items) ~= 'table' or #data.items < 1 then return '' end -- Render the main div tag. local root = mw.html.create('div') for i, class in ipairs(data.classes or {}) do root:addClass(class) end root:css{['margin-left'] = data.marginLeft} if data.style then root:cssText(data.style) end -- Render the list tag. local list = root:tag(data.listTag or 'ul') list :attr{start = data.start, type = data.type} :css{ ['counter-reset'] = data.counterReset, ['list-style-type'] = data.listStyleType } if data.listStyle then list:cssText(data.listStyle) end -- Render the list items for i, t in ipairs(data.items or {}) do local item = list:tag('li') if data.itemStyle then item:cssText(data.itemStyle) end if t.style then item:cssText(t.style) end item :attr{value = t.value} :wikitext(t.content) end return tostring(root) end function p.renderTrackingCategories(args) local isDeprecated = false -- Tracks deprecated parameters. for k, v in pairs(args) do k = tostring(k) if k:find('^item_style%d+$') or k:find('^item_value%d+$') then isDeprecated = true break end end local ret = '' if isDeprecated then ret = ret .. '[[Category:List templates with deprecated parameters]]' end return ret end function p.makeList(listType, args) if not listType or not listTypes[listType] then error(string.format( "bad argument #1 to 'makeList' ('%s' is not a valid list type)", tostring(listType) ), 2) end checkType('makeList', 2, args, 'table') local data = p.makeListData(listType, args) local list = p.renderList(data) local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args) return list .. trackingCategories end for listType in pairs(listTypes) do p[listType] = function (frame) local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local origArgs = mArguments.getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if not value or not mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then return nil end if mw.ustring.find(value, '^%s*[%*#;:]') then return value else return value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end return nil end }) -- Copy all the arguments to a new table, for faster indexing. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do args[k] = v end return p.makeList(listType, args) end end return p 1kfxv6e8upfdko23gc41ky0lax25kzs 828 10676 83697 2022-05-18T09:06:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:List/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Citethispage-content]]}} {{Lua|Module:TableTools|Module:Arguments}} This module outputs various kinds of lists. At present, it supports bulleted lists, unbulleted lists, horizontal lists, ordered lists (numbered or alphabetical), and horizontal ordered lists. It allows for easy css styling of the list or of the individual list items. == Usage == === Quick usage === {{pre|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:list<nowiki>|</nowiki>''function''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>...<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} === All parameters === {{pre| <nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:list<nowiki>|</nowiki>''function'' <nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>... <nowiki>|start = </nowiki>''start number for ordered lists'' <nowiki>|type = </nowiki>''type of numbering for ordered lists'' <nowiki>|list_style_type = </nowiki>''type of marker for ordered lists (uses CSS)'' <nowiki>|class = </nowiki>''class'' <nowiki>|style = </nowiki>''style'' <nowiki>|list_style = </nowiki>''style for the list'' <nowiki>|item_style = </nowiki>''style for all list items'' <nowiki>|item1_style = </nowiki>''style for the first list item''<nowiki> |item2_style = </nowiki>''style for the second list item''<nowiki> |</nowiki>... <nowiki>|item1_value = </nowiki>''value for the first list item''<nowiki> |item2_value = </nowiki>''value for the second list item''<nowiki> |</nowiki>... <nowiki>|indent = </nowiki>''indent for horizontal lists'' <nowiki>}}</nowiki> }} === Arguments passed from parent template === {{pre|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:list<nowiki>|</nowiki>''function''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} === Functions === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Function name ! Produces ! Example output ! Template using the function |- | <code>bulleted</code> | Bulleted lists | {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}} | {{tlx|bulleted list}} |- | <code>unbulleted</code> | Unbulleted lists | {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}} | {{tlx|unbulleted list}} |- | <code>horizontal</code> | Horizontal bulleted lists | {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}} | {{tlx|hlist}} |- | <code>ordered</code> | Ordered lists (numbered lists and alphabetical lists) | {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}} | {{tlx|ordered list}} |- | <code>horizontal_ordered</code> | Horizontal ordered lists | {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}} | {{tlx|horizontal ordered list}} |} == Parameters == * Positional parameters (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>...) - these are the list items. If no list items are present, the module will output nothing. * <code>start</code> - sets the start item for ordered lists. This can be a start number for numbered lists, or a start letter for alphabetical lists. Horizontal ordered lists only support numbers. * <code>type</code> - the type of marker used in ordered lists. Possible values are "1" for numbers (the default), "A" for uppercase letters, "a" for lowercase letters, "I" for uppercase [[Roman numerals]], and "i" for lowercase Roman numerals. Not supported in horizontal ordered lists. See also the <code>list_style_type</code> parameter. * <code>list_style_type</code> - the type of marker used in ordered lists. This uses CSS styling, and has more types available than the <code>type</code> parameter, which uses an [[html attribute]]. Possible values are listed at [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/list-style-type MDN's list-style-type page]. Support may vary by browser. <code>list-style-type</code> is an alias for this parameter. * <code>class</code> - a custom class for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>plainlinks</code>. * <code>style</code> - a custom css style for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>font-size: 90%;</code>. * <code>list_style</code> - a custom css style for the list itself. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item_style</code> - a custom css style for all of the list items (the {{tag|li}} tags). The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item1_style</code>, <code>item2_style</code>, <code>item3_style</code>... - custom css styles for each of the list items. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item1_value</code>, <code>item2_value</code>, <code>item3_value</code>... - custom value for the given list item. List items following the one given will increment from the specified value. The value should be a positive integer. (Note that this option only has an effect on ordered lists.) * <code>indent</code> - this parameter indents the list, for horizontal and horizontal ordered lists only. The value must be a number, e.g. <code>2</code>. The indent is calculated in [[Em (typography)|em]], and is 1.6 times the value specified. If no indent is specified, the default is zero. == Examples == === Bulleted lists === {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|bulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}} |} === Unbulleted lists === {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item_style=color:blue;}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|unbulleted|First item|Second item|Third item|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}} |} === Horizontal lists === {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|horizontal|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}} |} === Ordered lists === {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|type=i}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|type=i}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|list_style_type=lower-greek}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|list_style_type=lower-greek}} |} === Horizontal ordered lists === {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|start=3}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:list|horizontal_ordered|First item|Second item|Third item|indent=2}} |} == Tracking/maintenance category == * {{clc|List templates with deprecated parameters}} == See also == * [[Module:Separated entries]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 2s5nasczk4dm91ek9fmxnw6sf1pvidk 10 10677 83700 83698 2022-05-18T09:15:46Z BevoLJ 10818 mark for removal wikitext text/x-wiki --- ad1ukd8az53m46d1g56aywxyzv9425h 10 10678 83699 2022-05-18T09:09:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lua banner/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:List|Module:TableTools|Module:Message box}} This module implements the {{tl|lua}} template. == Usage from wikitext == This module cannot be used directly from wikitext. It can only be used through the {{tl|lua}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. == Usage from Lua modules == To use this module from other Lua modules, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mLuaBanner = require('Module:Lua banner') </syntaxhighlight> You can then generate a side box using the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mLuaBanner._main(args) </syntaxhighlight> The <var>args</var> variable should be a table containing the arguments to pass to the module. To see the different arguments that can be specified and how they affect the module output, please refer to the {{tl|lua}} template documentation. == Tracking category == * {{clc|Lua templates with errors}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> odtooeingwsayjndcxlacohx0qtxmrj 10 10679 83701 2022-05-18T09:21:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:High use wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|all-pages={{{all-pages|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> pqp5tan0gkp2stociv4f3zgylzoarl5 828 10680 83702 2022-05-18T09:21:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:High-use Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- _fetch looks at the "demo" argument. local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count').fetch local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') function p.num(frame, count) if count == nil then if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end end -- Build output string local return_value = "" if count == nil then if frame.args[1] == "risk" then return_value = "a very large number of" else return_value = "many" end else -- Use 2 significant figures for smaller numbers and 3 for larger ones local sigfig = 2 if count >= 100000 then sigfig = 3 end -- Prepare to round to appropriate number of sigfigs local f = math.floor(math.log10(count)) - sigfig + 1 -- Round and insert "approximately" or "+" when appropriate if (frame.args[2] == "yes") or (mw.ustring.sub(frame.args[1],-1) == "+") then -- Round down return_value = string.format("%s+", mw.getContentLanguage():formatNum(math.floor( (count / 10^(f)) ) * (10^(f))) ) else -- Round to nearest return_value = string.format("approximately&#x20;%s", mw.getContentLanguage():formatNum(math.floor( (count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f))) ) end -- Insert percentage of pages if that is likely to be >= 1% and when |no-percent= not set to yes if count and count > 250000 and not yesno (frame:getParent().args['no-percent']) then local percent = math.floor( ( (count/frame:callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') ) * 100) + 0.5) if percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format("%s&#x20;pages, or roughly %s%% of all", return_value, percent) end end end return return_value end -- Actions if there is a large (greater than or equal to 100,000) transclusion count function p.risk(frame) local return_value = "" if frame.args[1] == "risk" then return_value = "risk" else local count = _fetch(frame) if count and count >= 100000 then return_value = "risk" end end return return_value end function p.text(frame, count) -- Only show the information about how this template gets updated if someone -- is actually editing the page and maybe trying to update the count. local bot_text = (frame:preprocess("{{REVISIONID}}") == "") and "\n\n----\n'''Preview message''': Transclusion count updated automatically ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|see documentation]])." or '' if count == nil then if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == "doc" or title.subpageText == "sandbox" then title = title.basePageTitle end local systemMessages = frame.args['system'] if frame.args['system'] == '' then systemMessages = nil end -- This retrieves the project URL automatically to simplify localiation. local templateCount = ('on [https://linkcount.toolforge.org/index.php?project=%s&page=%s %s pages]'):format( mw.title.getCurrentTitle():fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p.num(frame, count)) local used_on_text = "'''This " .. (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "Lua module" or "template") .. ' is used '; if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. systemMessages .. ((count and count > 2000) and (",''' and " .. templateCount) or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. "'''" end local sandbox_text = ("%s's [[%s/sandbox|/sandbox]] or [[%s/testcases|/testcases]] subpages, or in your own [[%s]]. "):format( (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "module" or "template"), title.fullText, title.fullText, mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "Module:Sandbox|module sandbox" or "Wikipedia:User pages#SUB|user subpage" ) local infoArg = frame.args["info"] ~= "" and frame.args["info"] if (systemMessages or frame.args[1] == "risk" or (count and count >= 100000) ) then local info = systemMessages and '.<br/>Changes to it can cause immediate changes to the Wikipedia user interface.' or '.' if infoArg then info = info .. "<br />" .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br /> To avoid major disruption' .. (count and count >= 100000 and ' and server load' or '') .. ', any changes should be tested in the ' .. sandbox_text .. 'The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' C') or ' and c') .. 'hanges may be widely noticed. Test changes in the ' .. sandbox_text end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'Please discuss changes ' or 'Consider discussing changes ' if frame.args["2"] and frame.args["2"] ~= "" and frame.args["2"] ~= "yes" then discussion_text = string.format("%sat [[%s]]", discussion_text, frame.args["2"]) else discussion_text = string.format("%son the [[%s|talk page]]", discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText ) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. " before implementing them." .. bot_text end function p.main(frame) local count = nil if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end local image = "[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" local type_param = "style" local epilogue = '' if frame.args['system'] and frame.args['system'] ~= '' then image = "[[File:Ambox important.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" type_param = "content" local nocat = frame:getParent().args['nocat'] or frame.args['nocat'] local categorise = (nocat == '' or not yesno(nocat)) if categorise then epilogue = frame:preprocess('{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|File=upload|#default=edit}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|sysop|templateeditor|interfaceadmin=|#default=[[Category:Pages used in system messages needing protection]]}}}}') end elseif (frame.args[1] == "risk" or (count and count >= 100000)) then image = "[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" type_param = "content" end if frame.args["form"] == "editnotice" then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ["image"] = image, ["text"] = p.text(frame, count), ["expiry"] = (frame.args["expiry"] or "") } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p.text(frame, count), expiry = (frame.args["expiry"] or "") }) .. epilogue end end return p sy3y3omwgho4wnukvqxwejjpb2mjh3c 828 10681 83704 83703 2022-05-18T09:23:05Z BevoLJ 10818 - {{Module rating|release}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Transclusion count}} Implements {{tl|High-use}}. Uses bot-updated values from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] when available. == Usage == {{Mlx|High-use|main|1{{=}}''number of transclusions''|2{{=}}''discussion page, or use + notation''|all-pages{{=}}|info{{=}}|demo{{=}}|form{{=}}|expiry{{=}}}} * ''<code>number of transclusions</code>'': The first parameter is either a static number of times the template has been transcluded, or the word "risk" (without quotes) to display "a very large number of" instead of the actual value. This value will be ignored if transclusion data is available for the current page. * ''<code>discussion page, or use + notation</code>'': The second parameter is overloaded. It will cause the number of transclusions to display as "#,###+" instead of "approximately #,###" when set equal to "yes" (without quotes). When used in this manner, values will be rounded down, instead of rounded to the nearest number with the appropriate number of significant figures. When set to any other non-blank value, it will replace the link to the template's talk page to the value of the parameter (for example, <code>2=WP:VPT</code> will insert a link to [[WP:VPT]]), * {{para|all-pages|yes}}: Will also output what percentage of all pages use the template. This should only be used for very highly transcluded templates, and the percentage will only display if its greater than 1%. * {{para|info|''extra information''}}: When set to non-blank, will insert ''extra information'' into the template text if the template has more than 10,000 transclusions or parameter 1 is set to "risk". * {{para|demo|''Template_name''}}: Will use the transclusion count for the template at [[Template:Template_name]] instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. * {{para|form}}: When set to "editnotice", will display the message using {{tl|editnotice}} instead of {{tl|ombox}}. * {{para|expiry}}: Sets the {{para|expiry}} parameter for {{tl|editnotice}}. * {{para|system|''in system messages''}}: if set, this module looks like {{tl|Used in system}}. Use that template directly as it performs some checks. * {{para|fetch}}: if set to false, the module will not attempt to fetch transclusion counts using [[:Module:Transclusion count]] The following are drop-in replacements for {{tl|High-use/num}}, {{tl|High-use/text}}, and {{tl|High-use/risk}}, and take the same parameters: * {{Mlx|High-use|num}} * {{Mlx|High-use|text}} * {{Mlx|High-use|risk}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> pekw40lhobj69kjxrfkbugvuywk0abf 10 10682 83705 2022-05-18T09:23:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:High-use wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|all-pages={{{all-pages|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> pqp5tan0gkp2stociv4f3zgylzoarl5 828 10683 83706 2022-05-18T09:24:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Transclusion count Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.fetch(frame) local template = nil local return_value = nil -- Use demo parameter if it exists, otherswise use current template name local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if frame.args["demo"] and frame.args["demo"] ~= "" then template = frame.args["demo"] elseif namespace == 10 then -- Template namespace template = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text elseif namespace == 828 then -- Module namespace template = (mw.site.namespaces[828].name .. ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) end -- If in template or module namespace, look up count in /data if template ~= nil then namespace = mw.title.new(template, "Template").namespace if namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 then template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/doc$", "") -- strip /doc from end local index = mw.ustring.sub(mw.title.new(template).text,1,1) local status, data = pcall(function () return(mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion_count/data/' .. (mw.ustring.find(index, "%a") and index or "other"))) end) if status then return_value = tonumber(data[mw.ustring.gsub(template, " ", "_")]) end end end -- If database value doesn't exist, use value passed to template if return_value == nil and frame.args[1] ~= nil then local arg1=mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1], '[%d,]+') if arg1 and arg1 ~= '' then return_value = tonumber(frame:callParserFunction('formatnum', arg1, 'R')) end end return return_value end -- Tabulate this data for [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] function p.tabulate(frame) local list = {} for i = 65, 91 do local data = mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion count/data/' .. ((i == 91) and 'other' or string.char(i))) for name, count in pairs(data) do table.insert(list, {mw.title.new(name, "Template").fullText, count}) end end table.sort(list, function(a, b) return (a[2] == b[2]) and (a[1] < b[1]) or (a[2] > b[2]) end) local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); for i = 1, #list do list[i] = ('|-\n| %d || [[%s]] || %s\n'):format(i, list[i][1]:gsub('_', ' '), lang:formatNum(list[i][2])) end return table.concat(list) end return p i4hf4ogs2jqprtn91iinnikcxeyynd9 828 10684 83707 2022-05-18T09:25:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Transclusion count/doc wikitext text/x-wiki Fetches usage data for highly-transcluded templates. Uses bot-updated values from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] when available. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|''number of transclusions''|''use + notation''|all-pages=|demo=}}</code> * ''<code>number of transclusions</code>'': is a static number of times the template has been transcluded, to use when values cannot be read from the database. This value will be ignored if transclusion data is available for the current page. * <code>demo=''Template_name''</code>: will use the transclusion count for the template at [[Template:Template_name]] instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|tabulate}}</code> * Used to generate [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> f8h2drdoy96dpt90jurmqqv7qcnby93 828 10685 83708 2022-05-18T09:26:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbar Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Navbar/configuration') local function get_title_arg(is_collapsible, template) local title_arg = 1 if is_collapsible then title_arg = 2 end if template then title_arg = 'template' end return title_arg end local function choose_links(template, args) -- The show table indicates the default displayed items. -- view, talk, edit, hist, move, watch -- TODO: Move to configuration. local show = {true, true, true, false, false, false} if template then show[2] = false show[3] = false local index = {t = 2, d = 2, e = 3, h = 4, m = 5, w = 6, talk = 2, edit = 3, hist = 4, move = 5, watch = 6} -- TODO: Consider removing TableTools dependency. for _, v in ipairs(require ('Module:TableTools').compressSparseArray(args)) do local num = index[v] if num then show[num] = true end end end local remove_edit_link = args.noedit if remove_edit_link then show[3] = false end return show end local function add_link(link_description, ul, is_mini, font_style) local l if link_description.url then l = {'[', '', ']'} else l = {'[[', '|', ']]'} end ul:tag('li') :addClass('nv-' .. link_description.full) :wikitext(l[1] .. link_description.link .. l[2]) :tag(is_mini and 'abbr' or 'span') :attr('title', link_description.html_title) :cssText(font_style) :wikitext(is_mini and link_description.mini or link_description.full) :done() :wikitext(l[3]) :done() end local function make_list(title_text, has_brackets, displayed_links, is_mini, font_style) local title = mw.title.new(mw.text.trim(title_text), cfg.title_namespace) if not title then error(cfg.invalid_title .. title_text) end local talkpage = title.talkPageTitle and title.talkPageTitle.fullText or '' -- TODO: Get link_descriptions and show into the configuration module. -- link_descriptions should be easier... local link_descriptions = { { ['mini'] = 'v', ['full'] = 'view', ['html_title'] = 'View this template', ['link'] = title.fullText, ['url'] = false }, { ['mini'] = 't', ['full'] = 'talk', ['html_title'] = 'Discuss this template', ['link'] = talkpage, ['url'] = false }, { ['mini'] = 'e', ['full'] = 'edit', ['html_title'] = 'Edit this template', ['link'] = title:fullUrl('action=edit'), ['url'] = true }, { ['mini'] = 'h', ['full'] = 'hist', ['html_title'] = 'History of this template', ['link'] = title:fullUrl('action=history'), ['url'] = true }, { ['mini'] = 'm', ['full'] = 'move', ['html_title'] = 'Move this template', ['link'] = mw.title.new('Special:Movepage'):fullUrl('target='..title.fullText), ['url'] = true }, { ['mini'] = 'w', ['full'] = 'watch', ['html_title'] = 'Watch this template', ['link'] = title:fullUrl('action=watch'), ['url'] = true } } local ul = mw.html.create('ul') if has_brackets then ul:addClass(cfg.classes.brackets) :cssText(font_style) end for i, _ in ipairs(displayed_links) do if displayed_links[i] then add_link(link_descriptions[i], ul, is_mini, font_style) end end return ul:done() end function p._navbar(args) -- TODO: We probably don't need both fontstyle and fontcolor... local font_style = args.fontstyle local font_color = args.fontcolor local is_collapsible = args.collapsible local is_mini = args.mini local is_plain = args.plain local collapsible_class = nil if is_collapsible then collapsible_class = cfg.classes.collapsible if not is_plain then is_mini = 1 end if font_color then font_style = (font_style or '') .. '; color: ' .. font_color .. ';' end end local navbar_style = args.style local div = mw.html.create():tag('div') div :addClass(cfg.classes.navbar) :addClass(cfg.classes.plainlinks) :addClass(cfg.classes.horizontal_list) :addClass(collapsible_class) -- we made the determination earlier :cssText(navbar_style) if is_mini then div:addClass(cfg.classes.mini) end local box_text = (args.text or cfg.box_text) .. ' ' -- the concatenated space guarantees the box text is separated if not (is_mini or is_plain) then div :tag('span') :addClass(cfg.classes.box_text) :cssText(font_style) :wikitext(box_text) end local template = args.template local displayed_links = choose_links(template, args) local has_brackets = args.brackets local title_arg = get_title_arg(is_collapsible, template) local title_text = args[title_arg] or (':' .. mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle()) local list = make_list(title_text, has_brackets, displayed_links, is_mini, font_style) div:node(list) if is_collapsible then local title_text_class if is_mini then title_text_class = cfg.classes.collapsible_title_mini else title_text_class = cfg.classes.collapsible_title_full end div:done() :tag('div') :addClass(title_text_class) :cssText(font_style) :wikitext(args[1]) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = cfg.templatestyles } } .. tostring(div:done()) end function p.navbar(frame) return p._navbar(require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame)) end return p jd5no8v1zi4m1e6lvbwo0a9t0kogdvi 828 10686 83709 2022-05-18T09:26:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Lua|Module:Navbar/configuration|Module:Arguments|Module:TableTools}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Navbar/styles.css}} This is a [[WP:Lua|Lua]] implementation of {{tl|Navbar}}. It is used in [[Module:Navbox]]. 0s326smilpyr7nz4rx9ig1gx10wnzsw 0 10687 83724 83719 2022-05-18T09:43:58Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki Umurima ni Ubutaka ubwaribwo bwose bwateguriwe guhigwaho. Mu umurima hakorerwa Ubuhinzi butandukanye .<ref>[https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/champ/14557#:~:text=1.,Le%20champ%20de%20la%20psychanalyse. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/champ/14557#:~:text=1.,Le%20champ%20de%20la%20psychanalyse.]</ref> [[Dosiye:Inyumbati.jpg|thumb|Imyumbati]] == UBUHINZI BW'IMYUMBATI<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati]]</ref> == [[Dosiye:Ibigoli.jpg|thumb|Ibigoli]] == [[Ubuhinzi bw'ibigoli|UBUHINZI BW'IBIGOLI]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'ibigoli]]</ref> == [[Dosiye:AAMASHU.jpg|thumb|Amashu]] == [[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu|UBUHINZI BW'AMASHU]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu]]</ref> == == [[Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru|UBUHINZI BW'IBITUNGURU]]<ref>[[Ubuhinzi bw'ibitunguru]]</ref> == == [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko|UBWOROZI BW'INKOKO]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]</ref> == == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Umurima]] f43g6t9c8cuy0ck6gfu18xbipcd8qw6 14 10688 83711 2022-05-18T09:26:56Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Umurima" wikitext text/x-wiki Umurima 87scer92xi5h71lvaa55y7drqvkfg9g 10 10689 83712 2022-05-18T09:28:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Purge wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Purge|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> jp4ln3hv505tbr6kcpy61x7wo9joahj 828 10690 83713 2022-05-18T09:29:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Purge Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Purge]]. local p = {} local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return string.format('[%s %s]', url, display) end function p._main(args) -- Make the URL local url do local title if args.page then title = mw.title.new(args.page) if not title then error(string.format( "'%s' is not a valid page name", args.page ), 2) end else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end if args.anchor then title.fragment = args.anchor end url = title:fullUrl{action = 'purge'} end -- Make the display local display if args.page then display = args[1] or 'Purge' else display = mw.html.create('span') display :attr('title', 'Purge this page') :wikitext(args[1] or 'Purge') display = tostring(display) end -- Output the HTML local root = mw.html.create('span') root :addClass('noprint') :addClass('plainlinks') :addClass('purgelink') :wikitext(makeUrlLink(url, display)) return tostring(root) end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args return p._main(args) end return p 7zn4wpraqp0o2q6ovvb2j9zno19p3zp 828 10691 83715 83714 2022-05-18T09:30:09Z BevoLJ 10818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This module produces a link to [[WP:PURGE|purge a page's cache]]. This is usually the current page, but can be another page. == Usage == === From wiktext === From wikitext, this module should be accessed via [[Template:Purge]]. Please see the template page for documentation. === From Lua === From Lua, first you need to load the module: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mPurge = require('Module:Purge') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can create purge links with the <code>_main</code> function: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mPurge._main(args) </syntaxhighlight> <var>args</var> is a table of arguments, identical to the ones accepted by [[Template:Purge]]. Please see the template documentation for more details. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 421o1zi4oss6a0yuycl6tt5ej81c3zd 10 10692 83716 2022-05-18T09:32:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Format TemplateData wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{header}}}}}|yes|{{TemplateData header}} }}{{#invoke:Format TemplateData| f |classNoNumTOC=nonumtoc |cssParams=border:#B3B7FF 1px solid;|docpageCreate=%s/doc |docpageDetect=/doc$ |msgDescMiss=Missing description |cat=Templates with TemplateData errors}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> in0weol9sija4upagvbgx1pbjtrzw7q 10 10693 83717 2022-05-18T09:32:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Format TemplateData/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}{{Lua|Module:Format TemplateData}} Everything below this line is a demo of Format TemplateData: read the source code, and expand the raw TemplateData section, to see how it all works. == Usage == {{Format TemplateData|1=<templatedata> { "description": "This template formats [[WP:VE/TD|TemplateData]] nicely on doc pages. It hides irrelevant information such as \"Default: empty\", and allows the use of formatting. Remember that the users of VisualEditor '''will not see''' this formatting; it is important to test your new TemplateData in VisualEditor to check that it makes sense without. (For all details of formatting available, see the template's page.) By default, {{[[Template:TemplateData header|TemplateData header]]}} is automatically inserted before the table.", "format": "block", "params": { "1": { "label": "<templatedata> template information", "description": "If the JSON and TNT parameters are not specified, this will be processed to extract the JSON. This option allows you to use the GUI TemplateData Editor, but it's a bit wonkier than giving the actual JSON object directly.", "default": "See {{{JSON}}}.", "type": "string" }, "JSON": { "label": "JSON template information", "description": "The code that would normally be wrapped in [[WP:TemplateData|&lt;templatedata&gt;]] tags (not including the &lt;templatedata&gt; tags themselves. Links and basic text formatting should just work in the displayed table; see this template's page for full details. You should use HTML entities for special characters such as &lt;&gt;. <noexport><h3>Formatting options</h3>\n*'''Wikilinks''' can be specified in the usual way. They will only work in the table; in VisualEditor, the title of the link will be displayed as plain text.\n*'''External links''' can be specified by just inserting the URL; this will be clickable in the table and viewable in VisualEditor. If the URL is specified as &#91;https:&#47;&#47;en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia&#93;, this will appear as [https://en.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] in the table and https:&#47;&#47;en.wikipedia.org in VisualEditor.\n*'''[[HTML entities]]''': you may specify &amp;lt; &amp;gt; &amp;amp; &amp;quot; &amp;nbsp; and any numeric entity.*'''HTML tags''' may be used; they won't appear in VisualEditor.\n*'''&lt;noexport&gt;&lt;/noexport&gt;''' Content wrapped in these tags will appear only in the table. It will not appear in VisualEditor at all; it is useful for detailed explanations of parameters, and for content that is only useful with formatting. Newline characters are respected here.\n*'''Templates''' may be transcluded. However some templates may output content that makes the JSON invalid.</noexport>", "type": "string", "default": "If neither {{{1}}}, {{{JSON}}}, nor {{{TNT}}} is given, the page's source code is scanned for a <templatedata> tag.", "suggested": true }, "TNT": { "label": "Commons “Data:Templatedata” subpage", "description": "If the JSON parameter is not specified, this is the name of the tabular data file storing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] file on [[c:Special:MyLanguage|Wikimedia Commons]] in the '''Data:''' namespace as a subpage of [[c:Special:PrefixIndex/Data:Templatedata/|Data:Templatedata]]. This relies on [[Module:TNT]].", "autovalue": "{{subst:ROOTPAGENAME}}", "suggested": true, "type": "string" }, "TOC": { "label": "Show table of contents", "description": "If set to 1, inserts a table of contents for the whole page just after the description and before any parameter table.", "type": "boolean", "default": "0", "suggested": true }, "header": { "label": "Show TemplateDataHeader", "description": "If set to 0, hides the {{[[Template:TemplateData header|TemplateData header]]}} template. This is not generally recommended.", "type": "boolean", "default": "1" }, "lazy": { "label": "Prevent TemplateData output", "description": "If set, other than to 0, prevents any real TemplateData being produced. Potentially useful if there are multiple instances of this template on a page but only one should be active. To clarify, this means that this template will ''not'' be understood by VisualEditor.", "type": "boolean", "default": "0" } } } </templatedata>}} == Using the template == Add the <code>&lt;templatedata&gt;</code> as usual, and then enclose it in a template call like <code><nowiki>{{Format TemplateData|1=<templatedata>...</templatedata>}}</nowiki></code>. ==Maintenance categories== * {{clc|Templates with TemplateData errors}} – the template adds this category to template documentation pages with malformed TemplateData code. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:TemplateData]] }}</includeonly> i6h15bgfoukc2g1xdh998cdfpgm2qwd 4 10694 83718 2022-05-18T09:35:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages wikitext text/x-wiki Templates with the most transclusions, provided they have at least 2000 transclusions; data as of <onlyinclude>{{#time: H:i, j F Y | {{REVISIONTIMESTAMP:Module:Transclusion count/data/A}}}} (UTC)</onlyinclude>. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" |- style="white-space:nowrap;" ! No. ! Template ! Uses {{#invoke:Transclusion count|tabulate}} |} stahw8lstv1z01uaeqd5ikmbejc5jpy 10 10695 83720 2022-05-18T09:38:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:High-use/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:High-use}} This is the {{tlx|high-use}} message box. It is meant to be put at the top of the documentation subpage for templates transcluded onto more than 2,000 pages. For templates transcluded onto more than 100,000 pages, or if the first parameter is set to <code>risk</code>, then a stronger wording is given. '''Note''': It is normal that some of the links in the message box are red. == Usage == {{tlx |High-use}} {{tlx |High-use |2=2=''discussion page, or use + notation'' |3=info=''additional text'' }} '''all parameters''' <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{High-use |1= |2= |info= |demo= |form= |expiry= }} </pre> The template can be used as is, and will automatically use bot-updated transclusion counts from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]], when available. It can also take some parameters: * <code>1=''number of transclusions''</code>: ''(deprecated)'' The first parameter is either a static number of times the template has been transcluded, or the word "risk" (without quotes) to display "a very large number of" instead of the actual value. This value will be ignored, if transclusion data is available for the current page (generally, for templates with more than 2,000 transclusions). * <code>2=''discussion page, or use + notation''</code>: The second parameter is overloaded. It will cause the number of transclusions to display as "#,###+" instead of "approximately #,###" when set equal to "yes" (without quotes). When used in this manner, values will be rounded down, instead of rounded to the nearest number with the appropriate number of significant figures. When set to any other non-blank value, it will replace the link to the template's talk page to the value of the parameter (for example, <code>2=WP:VPT</code> will insert a link to [[WP:VPT]]), * {{para|info|&lt;{{var|extra information}}>}}: When set to non-blank, will insert &lt;{{var|extra information}}> into the template text. * {{para|demo|&lt;{{var|Template_name}}>}}: Will use the transclusion count for the template at <code><nowiki>[[Template:</nowiki>&lt;{{var|Template_name}}>]]</code> instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. * {{para|form}}: When set to "<code>editnotice</code>", will display the message using {{tl|editnotice}} instead of {{tl|ombox}}. * {{para|expiry}}: Sets the {{para|expiry}} parameter for {{tl|editnotice}}. * {{para|no-percent|yes}}: suppresses automatic 'percent of all pages' annotation; 'percent of all pages' annotation is automatically added when template is used in more than 1% of all pages (currently <code><nowiki>{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}</nowiki></code> is {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages so 1% is {{formatnum:{{#expr:trunc ({{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}|R}}/100)}}}} pages) == Examples == The full code for a /doc page top usually looks like this: <pre> {{documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high-use}} </pre> === Standard form === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use}}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use | |Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}</nowiki>}} === Rounding and + notation === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} === Editnotice form === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |form=editnotice }}</nowiki>}} === High risk === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |demo=Yesno }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |demo=Yesno |no-percent=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |risk |demo=High-use }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |risk |Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates |info=This is a very large number! |demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} == Technical details == The [[Template:High-use/sandbox|/sandbox]] and [[Template:High-use/testcases|/testcases]] links are the standard names for such subpages. If those pages are created, then the green /doc box for the template will detect them and link to them in its heading. For instance, see the top of this documentation. [[User:Ahechtbot|Ahechtbot]] compiles usage statistics for all templates with 2,000 or more transclusions, using [[User:Ahechtbot/transclusioncount.py]], and writes them to subpages of [[Module:Transclusion count/data]] (see [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Ahechtbot 6]]). These pages are usually updated every Sunday, but since running the query is resource intensive, it may be delayed or skipped if Wikipedia server usage is high. '''Important''': If a transclusion count is available in [[Module:Transclusion count/data]], any manually input values will be ignored by this template. == Supporting templates and modules == * {{tl|ombox}} which uses {{m2|Message box|ombox}} * {{tl|editnotice}} which uses {{m2|Message box|fmbox}} * {{m2|high-use|main}} * {{m2|transclusion count|fetch}} ==Redirects== {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| *{{tl|heavilytranscluded}} *{{tl|high risk}} *{{tl|high-risk}} *{{tl|high use}} *{{tl|risky template}} }} == See also == * {{tl|Intricate template}} – for templates that are complex, using less obvious techniques * {{tl|pp-template}} – protection template that usually is put on high-risk templates * {{tl|Used in system}} – for templates used in the Wikipedia user interface * [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases]] == Template counters == * [[toollabs:templatecount/]] – easy to use, returns current (real time) transclusion count for a template * <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MostLinkedTemplates|limit=500}} Special:MostLinkedTemplates]</span> – special page search for most transcluded templates * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] – template count data used by this template that is broken down by first letter of template and rounded to two or three significant figures, and updated weekly * [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] – lists the 1000 most transcluded templates, not updated since November 2018 <!-- * [[tools:~dispenser/cgi-bin/embeddedincount.py]] – Seems to lack human interface, probably meant for programs to call. (not working anymore) --> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> rl5mjsqd9ftj9xf5j1zktryhlcgcq9v 10 10696 83721 2022-05-18T09:39:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Uses TemplateStyles wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Uses TemplateStyles|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css|nocat=true}} {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> eqhrm3aklele9wufyv66k58upan0j1w 828 10697 83722 2022-05-18T09:40:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Uses TemplateStyles Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the {{Uses TemplateStyles}} template. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mList = require('Module:List') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mMessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local TNT = require('Module:TNT') local p = {} local function format(msg, ...) return TNT.format('I18n/Uses TemplateStyles', msg, ...) end local function getConfig() return mw.loadData('Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config') end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end function p._main(args, cfg) local tStyles = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local box = p.renderBox(tStyles) local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args, tStyles) return box .. trackingCategories end function p.renderBox(tStyles) local boxArgs = {} if #tStyles < 1 then boxArgs.text = string.format('<strong class="error">%s</strong>', format('error-emptylist')) else local cfg = getConfig() local tStylesLinks = {} for i, ts in ipairs(tStyles) do local link = string.format('[[:%s]]', ts) local sandboxLink = nil local tsTitle = mw.title.new(ts) if tsTitle and cfg['sandbox_title'] then local tsSandboxTitle = mw.title.new(string.format( '%s:%s/%s/%s', tsTitle.nsText, tsTitle.baseText, cfg['sandbox_title'], tsTitle.subpageText)) if tsSandboxTitle and tsSandboxTitle.exists then sandboxLink = format('sandboxlink', link, ':' .. tsSandboxTitle.prefixedText) end end tStylesLinks[i] = sandboxLink or link end local tStylesList = mList.makeList('bulleted', tStylesLinks) boxArgs.text = format( mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(828,829) and 'header-module' or 'header-template') .. '\n' .. tStylesList end boxArgs.type = 'notice' boxArgs.small = true boxArgs.image = string.format('[[File:Farm-Fresh css add.svg|32px|alt=%s]]', format('logo-alt')) return mMessageBox.main('mbox', boxArgs) end function p.renderTrackingCategories(args, tStyles, titleObj) if yesno(args.nocat) then return '' end local cfg = getConfig() local cats = {} -- Error category if #tStyles < 1 and cfg['error_category'] then cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['error_category'] end -- TemplateStyles category titleObj = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if (titleObj.namespace == 10 or titleObj.namespace == 828) and not cfg['subpage_blacklist'][titleObj.subpageText] then local category = args.category or cfg['default_category'] if category then cats[#cats + 1] = category end if not yesno(args.noprotcat) and (cfg['protection_conflict_category'] or cfg['padlock_pattern']) then local currentProt = titleObj.protectionLevels["edit"] and titleObj.protectionLevels["edit"][1] or nil local addedLevelCat = false local addedPadlockCat = false for i, ts in ipairs(tStyles) do local tsTitleObj = mw.title.new(ts) local tsProt = tsTitleObj.protectionLevels["edit"] and tsTitleObj.protectionLevels["edit"][1] or nil if cfg['protection_conflict_category'] and tsProt ~= currentProt and not addedLevelCat then addedLevelCat = true cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['protection_conflict_category'] end if cfg['padlock_pattern'] and tsProt and not addedPadlockCat then local content = tsTitleObj:getContent() if not content:find(cfg['padlock_pattern']) then cats[#cats + 1] = cfg['missing_padlock_category'] addedPadlockCat = true end end end end end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end return p fcoe3r4wprass0vtrwzpvnvohtxsghj 828 10698 83723 2022-05-18T09:40:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Uses TemplateStyles/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|Module:Yesno|Module:List|Module:TableTools|Module:Message box|Module:TNT}} <!-- uses data [[c:Data:I18n/Uses_TemplateStyles.tab]] --> Implements {{tl|Uses TemplateStyles}} h82x5eki97qykg2m1dsj30gcyzjn0b0 828 10699 83728 2022-05-18T09:48:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Example Scribunto text/plain local p = {}; --All Lua modules on Wikipedia must begin by defining a variable --that will hold their externally accessible functions. --Such variables can have whatever name you want and may --also contain various data as well as functions. p.hello = function( frame ) --Add a function to "p". --Such functions are callable in Wikipedia --via the #invoke command. --"frame" will contain the data that Wikipedia --sends this function when it runs. -- 'Hello' is a name of your choice. The same name needs to be referred to when the module is used. local str = "Hello World!" --Declare a local variable and set it equal to --"Hello World!". return str --This tells us to quit this function and send the information in --"str" back to Wikipedia. end -- end of the function "hello" function p.hello_to(frame) -- Add another function local name = frame.args[1] -- To access arguments passed to a module, use `frame.args` -- `frame.args[1]` refers to the first unnamed parameter -- given to the module return "Hello, " .. name .. "!" -- `..` concatenates strings. This will return a customized -- greeting depending on the name given, such as "Hello, Fred!" end function p.count_fruit(frame) local num_bananas = frame.args.bananas -- Named arguments ({{#invoke:Example|count_fruit|foo=bar}}) are likewise local num_apples = frame.args.apples -- accessed by indexing `frame.args` by name (`frame.args["bananas"]`, or) -- equivalently `frame.args.bananas`. return 'I have ' .. num_bananas .. ' bananas and ' .. num_apples .. ' apples' -- Like above, concatenate a bunch of strings together to produce -- a sentence based on the arguments given. end local function lucky(a, b) -- One can define custom functions for use. Here we define a function 'lucky' that has two inputs a and b. The names are of your choice. if b == 'yeah' then -- Condition: if b is the string 'yeah'. Strings require quotes. Remember to include 'then'. return a .. ' is my lucky number.' -- Outputs 'a is my lucky number.' if the above condition is met. The string concatenation operator is denoted by 2 dots. else -- If no conditions are met, i.e. if b is anything else, output specified on the next line. 'else' should not have 'then'. return a -- Simply output a. end -- The 'if' section should end with 'end'. end -- As should 'function'. function p.Name2(frame) -- The next five lines are mostly for convenience only and can be used as is for your module. The output conditions start on line 20. local pf = frame:getParent().args -- This line allows template parameters to be used in this code easily. The equal sign is used to define variables. 'pf' can be replaced with a word of your choice. local f = frame.args -- This line allows parameters from {{#invoke:}} to be used easily. 'f' can be replaced with a word of your choice. local M = f[1] or pf[1] -- f[1] and pf[1], which we just defined, refer to the first parameter. This line shortens them as 'M' for convenience. You could use the original variable names. local m = f[2] or pf[2] -- Second shortened as 'm'. local l = f.lucky or pf.lucky -- A named parameter 'lucky' is shortend as l. Note that the syntax is different from unnamed parameters. if m == nil then -- If the second parameter is not used. return 'Lonely' -- Outputs the string 'Lonely' if the first condition is met. elseif M > m then -- If the first condition is not met, this line tests a second condition: if M is greater than m. return lucky(M - m, l) -- If the condition is met, the difference is calculated and passed to the self defined function along with l. The output depends on whether l is set to 'yeah'. else return 'Be positive!' end end return p --All modules end by returning the variable containing their functions to Wikipedia. -- Now we can use this module by calling {{#invoke: Example | hello }}, -- {{#invoke: Example | hello_to | foo }}, or {{#invoke:Example|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=6}} -- Note that the first part of the invoke is the name of the Module's wikipage, -- and the second part is the name of one of the functions attached to the -- variable that you returned. -- The "print" function is not allowed in Wikipedia. All output is accomplished -- via strings "returned" to Wikipedia. cfs67f87edszavawc8da9xvmvzi7kzx 828 10700 83729 2022-05-18T09:48:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Example/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{namespace example page}} This is example documentation for the module, used for demonstrations and the like. == See also == * [[Module:Sandbox]]: For practice/experimental/testing modules. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Namespace example pages]] }}</includeonly> b23vxnzl54z5etmlzbuo7y2kqcqz5ty 828 10701 83730 2022-05-18T09:49:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sandbox Scribunto text/plain -- Placeholder only! Do NOT add code. 3acwgic3wcl5or2i98jepkut19gw9ot 828 10702 83731 2022-05-18T09:49:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{not a sandbox}} == Scribunto testing area == This is not an actual [[WP:Lua|Lua]] module. It exists to provide a convenient pseudo-namespace for code testing, hopefully preventing the main Module: namespace from becoming littered with experiments, as Lua modules cannot exist as subpages in the User: namespace. Please name your experimental modules in the following format to help keep things tidy: Module:Sandbox/<var>Your User Name</var> <inputbox> type=create preload=Module:Sandbox/new editintro=Template:New module editintro prefix=Module:Sandbox/ placeholder=Insert your username here button label=Create new sandbox module </inputbox> If you need more Module sandboxes, create subpages of the sandbox thus created. You can use [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APrefixIndex&prefix=Sandbox%2F&namespace=828&stripprefix=1 Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Sandbox] to list modules in this area. <!-- DO NOT EDIT THIS PAGE AS A TEST! IT IS DOCUMENTATION. Thanks. --> 6iuek8qgezuzsbi6fcjpqbra492qx54 10 10703 83732 2022-05-18T09:50:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Not a sandbox wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | type = content | image = [[File:Sandbox Not.svg|50px|alt=|link=]] | text = '''This page is ''not'' a [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox|sandbox]].'''<br><div style="font-size:100%">It should not be used for test editing. To experiment, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|Wikipedia sandbox]], your [[Special:MyPage/sandbox|user sandbox]], or the [[Wikipedia:About the sandbox#List of sandboxes|other sandboxes]]. {{{note|}}}</div> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> tqbb0xsk2bk4r1um1bkyjttlfo2ls2q 10 10704 83733 2022-05-18T09:51:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Not a sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> {{not a sandbox}} {{nosubst}} ===Usage=== This template is used for pages that are very closely related to the real [[WP:SB|sandbox]] page, and can be easily misinterpreted as sandboxes. ===TemplateData=== {{Format TemplateData|JSON= { "params": { "note": { "label": "Note", "description": "Appears after the other text", "type": "content" } }, "description": "Add this template to pages that may be confused for sandboxes." } }} ===See also=== * [[Wikipedia:About the Sandbox]] {{Sandbox-related templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Sandbox templates|Sandbox, Not a]] }}</includeonly> 2c133qmj5jmlrxcc4vtx40qzjvu705c 10 10705 83734 2022-05-18T09:51:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nosubst wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox |type=notice |text='''This template should {{em|not}} be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]].''' {{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rowp4ad3e9lka4moersp9qlgb109pgg 10 10706 83735 2022-05-18T09:51:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nosubst/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{hatnote|The following also '''applies''' to this template, so this template should '''never''' be substituted:}} {{Never substitute}} === Usage === <code><nowiki>{{Never substitute}}</nowiki></code> This template should be placed on the <big>[[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpage|subpage]]</big> (not the template page itself) of any template that should '''not''' be substituted (and [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] instead). '''Parameters''' * This template accepts one optional parameter, which can be used to give a more detailed description of why the template in question should not be substituted. For example, <code><nowiki>{{Never substitute|Example text.}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Never substitute|Example text.}} {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Substitute, Never}} [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> dbdjd6um9mpop7g32ylsevu2svmvo2b 10 10707 83736 2022-05-18T09:52:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 8nnude79i1y2v6yy2z7j285k1k4v8p3 10 10708 83737 2022-05-18T09:53:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Never substitute}} {{lua|Module:Hatnote}} This template produces formatted text, following the guideline for a '''[[WP:HATNOTE|Wikipedia hatnote]]'''. :<code><nowiki>{{hatnote|Example hatnote text.}}</nowiki></code> &rarr;<br><!-- a construct to show hatnote as expected (using newline) --> {{hatnote|Example hatnote text.}} Broadly speaking, a hatnote should answer a reader's question (maybe preemptively): ''Am I on the right page?'' {{TOC limit}} == Function == This template is primarily used to add a correctly formatted ''hatnote'' to a page. Often, but not always, this is a ''disambiguation link'' at the top of article pages. It places an HTML <code>div-</code> / <code>div</code> block around the text entered as its only argument, which provides standardized formatting (contents are indented and italicized in most displays); it also isolates the contained code to make sure that it is interpreted correctly. This template is also used as the "meta-template" for additional specialized disambiguation link templates; see [[:Category:Hatnote templates]] for a list. The template does not automatically create links of any kind. Links and other desired formatting must be explicitly added, using normal [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Wikipedia markup]]. == Usage == ; Basic usage: &#123;{hatnote|''text''}} ; All parameters: &#123;{hatnote|''text''|extraclasses=''extra classes''|selfref=''yes''|category=''no''}} == Parameters == This template accepts the following parameters: * <code>1</code> – the hatnote text (required) * <code>extraclasses</code> – any extra CSS classes to be added, for example, the {{tl|see also}} template adds the classes "{{para|extraclasses|boilerplate seealso}}". * <code>selfref</code> – If set to "yes", "y", "true" or "1", adds the CSS class "selfref". This is used to denote self-references to Wikipedia. See [[Template:Selfref]] for more information. * <code>category</code> – If set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", suppresses the error tracking category ([[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]). This has an effect only if the <!--"first-positional parameter", not "first positional parameter", if you value the readers' time ... but better yet --> leftmost parameter (the hatnote text) is omitted. == Example == * <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|Example hatnote text}}</nowiki></code> → {{hatnote|Example hatnote text}} == Errors == If no hatnote text is supplied, the template will output the following message: * {{hatnote|category=no}} If you see this error message, it is for one of four reasons: # No parameters were specified (the template code was <code><nowiki>{{hatnote}}</nowiki></code>). Please use <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> instead. # Some parameters were specified, but the hatnote text wasn't included. For example, the template text <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|extraclasses=seealso}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. Please use (for example) <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>|extraclasses=seealso}}</nowiki></code> instead. # The hatnote text was specified, but that text contains an equals sign ("="). The equals sign has a special meaning in template code, and because of this it cannot be used in template parameters that do not specify a parameter name. For example, the template code <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|2+2=4}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. To work around this, you can specify the parameter name explicitly by using <code>1=</code> before the hatnote text, like this: <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|1=2+2=4}}</nowiki></code>. # You tried to access [[Module:Hatnote]] directly by using <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:hatnote|hatnote|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Use of #invoke in this way has been disabled for performance reasons. Please use <code><nowiki>{{hatnote|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> instead. If you see this error message and are unsure of what to do, please post a message on [[Template talk:Hatnote]], and someone should be able to help you. Pages that contain this error message are tracked in [[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]. == Technical details == The HTML code produced by this template looks like this: * {{tag|div|attribs=role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"|link=yes|content= hatnote text}} The code is produced by [[Module:Hatnote]]. ==See also== * {{tl|For}} {{Hatnote templates}} {{Collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "Template for creating a standard Wikipedia hatnote. A hatnote is a short note placed at the top of an article to provide disambiguation of closely related terms or summarise a topic, explaining its boundaries.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "description": "This field should contain the text that will be displayed in the hatnote.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "extraclasses": { "type": "string/line", "label": "Extra classes", "description": "Extra CSS classes to be added to the <div> tags surrounding the hatnote text." }, "selfref": { "type": "string/line", "label": "Self reference", "description": "Set to \"yes\" if the hatnote text is a self-reference to Wikipedia that would not make sense on mirrors or forks of the Wikipedia site. (E.g. \"For the Wikipedia Sandbox, see [[WP:SAND]]\".)" }, "category": { "label": "Category", "description": "Set to \"no\", \"n\", \"false\", or \"0\" to suppresses the error tracking category (Category:Hatnote templates with errors). This only has an effect if the hatnote text is omitted." } } } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}}<includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Hatnote templates| ]] [[Category:Cross-reference templates]] }}</includeonly> 8ojdeceov5xs7gi630rw14ii8i8wg41 828 10709 83738 2022-05-18T09:54:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Format link]] ._formatLink local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.missingTargetCat = --Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules ((curNs == 0) or (curNs == 14)) and 'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])' else helpText = '' end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = mw.ustring.format( '[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<strong class="error">Error: %s%s.</strong>%s', msg, helpText, category ) end function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator) -- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical, -- i.e. "Example" → "Example (disambiguation)". checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string') checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true) disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation' return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end return p._hatnote(s, { extraclasses = args.extraclasses, selfref = args.selfref }) end function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local inline = options.inline local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div') local extraclasses if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then extraclasses = options.extraclasses end hatnote :attr('role', 'note') :addClass(inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') :addClass('navigation-not-searchable') :addClass(extraclasses) :addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref') :wikitext(s) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' } } .. tostring(hatnote) end return p 81imvwvei9p1icm5aqz0d3b18lurz1c 828 10710 83739 2022-05-18T09:54:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} {{module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Hatnote/styles.css}} This is a meta-module that provides various functions for making [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnotes]]. It implements the {{tl|hatnote}} template, for use in hatnotes at the top of pages, and the {{tl|format link}} template, which is used to format a wikilink for use in hatnotes. It also contains a number of helper functions for use in other Lua hatnote modules. == Use from wikitext == The functions in this module cannot be used directly from #invoke, and must be used through templates instead. Please see [[Template:Hatnote]] and [[Template:Format link]] for documentation. == Use from other Lua modules == To load this module from another Lua module, use the following code. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') </syntaxhighlight> You can then use the functions as documented below. === Hatnote === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mHatnote._hatnote(s, options) </syntaxhighlight> Formats the string <var>s</var> as a hatnote. This encloses <var>s</var> in the tags {{tag|div|params=class="hatnote"}}. Options are provided in the <var>options</var> table. Options include: * <var>options.extraclasses</var> - a string of extra classes to provide * <var>options.selfref</var> - if this is not nil or false, adds the class "selfref", used to denote self-references to Wikipedia (see [[Template:Selfref]])) The CSS of the hatnote class is defined in [[Module:Hatnote/styles.css]]. ; Example 1 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mHatnote._hatnote('This is a hatnote.') </syntaxhighlight> Produces: {{tag|div|content=This is a hatnote.|params=class="hatnote"}} Displays as: {{hatnote|This is a hatnote.}} ; Example 2 <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mHatnote._hatnote('This is a hatnote.', {extraclasses = 'boilerplate seealso', selfref = true}) </syntaxhighlight> Produces: {{tag|div|content=This is a hatnote.|params=class="hatnote boilerplate seealso selfref"}} Displayed as: {{hatnote|This is a hatnote.|extraclasses=boilerplate seealso|selfref=true}} === Find namespace id === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mHatnote.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the [[WP:NS|namespace id]] of the string <var>link</var>, which should be a valid page name, with or without the section name. This function will not work if the page name is enclosed with square brackets. When trying to parse the namespace name, colons are removed from the start of the link by default. This is helpful if users have specified colons when they are not strictly necessary. If you do not need to check for initial colons, set <var>removeColon</var> to false. ;Examples: : {{code|mHatnote.findNamespaceId('Lion')|lua}} &rarr; 0 : {{code|mHatnote.findNamespaceId('Category:Lions')|lua}} &rarr; 14 : {{code|mHatnote.findNamespaceId(':Category:Lions')|lua}} &rarr; 14 : {{code|mHatnote.findNamespaceId(':Category:Lions', false)|lua}} &rarr; 0 (the namespace is detected as ":Category", rather than "Category") === Make wikitext error === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mHatnote.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) </syntaxhighlight> Formats the string <var>msg</var> as a red wikitext error message, with optional link to a help page <var>helpLink</var>. Normally this function also adds {{clc|Hatnote templates with errors}}. To suppress categorization, pass <code>false</code> as third parameter of the function (<code>addTrackingCategory</code>). Examples: :{{code|mHatnote.makeWikitextError('an error has occurred')|lua}} &rarr; <strong class="error">Error: an error has occurred.</strong> :{{code|mHatnote.makeWikitextError('an error has occurred', 'Template:Example#Errors')|lua}} &rarr; <strong class="error">Error: an error has occurred ([[Template:Example#Errors|help]]).</strong> == Examples == For an example of how this module is used in other Lua modules, see [[Module:Main]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Hatnote modules| ]] [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> ffk7vcwidvy63v3vouxw6p8c55j1uyw 828 10711 83740 2022-05-18T09:55:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:TNT Scribunto text/plain -- -- INTRO: (!!! DO NOT RENAME THIS PAGE !!!) -- This module allows any template or module to be copy/pasted between -- wikis without any translation changes. All translation text is stored -- in the global Data:*.tab pages on Commons, and used everywhere. -- -- SEE: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Multilingual_Templates_and_Modules -- -- ATTENTION: -- Please do NOT rename this module - it has to be identical on all wikis. -- This code is maintained at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module:TNT -- Please do not modify it anywhere else, as it may get copied and override your changes. -- Suggestions can be made at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module_talk:TNT -- -- DESCRIPTION: -- The "msg" function uses a Commons dataset to translate a message -- with a given key (e.g. source-table), plus optional arguments -- to the wiki markup in the current content language. -- Use lang=xx to set language. Example: -- -- {{#invoke:TNT | msg -- | I18n/Template:Graphs.tab <!-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab --> -- | source-table <!-- uses a translation message with id = "source-table" --> -- | param1 }} <!-- optional parameter --> -- -- -- The "doc" function will generate the <templatedata> parameter documentation for templates. -- This way all template parameters can be stored and localized in a single Commons dataset. -- NOTE: "doc" assumes that all documentation is located in Data:Templatedata/* on Commons. -- -- {{#invoke:TNT | doc | Graph:Lines }} -- uses https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Templatedata/Graph:Lines.tab -- if the current page is Template:Graph:Lines/doc -- local p = {} local i18nDataset = 'I18n/Module:TNT.tab' -- Forward declaration of the local functions local sanitizeDataset, loadData, link, formatMessage function p.msg(frame) local dataset, id local params = {} local lang = nil for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do if k == 1 then dataset = mw.text.trim(v) elseif k == 2 then id = mw.text.trim(v) elseif type(k) == 'number' then table.insert(params, mw.text.trim(v)) elseif k == 'lang' and v ~= '_' then lang = mw.text.trim(v) end end return formatMessage(dataset, id, params, lang) end -- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules -- Parameters: name of dataset, message key, optional arguments -- Example with 2 params: format('I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset') function p.format(dataset, key, ...) local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType checkType('format', 1, dataset, 'string') checkType('format', 2, key, 'string') return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...}) end -- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules with the language param -- Parameters: language code, name of dataset, message key, optional arguments -- Example with 2 params: formatInLanguage('es', I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset') function p.formatInLanguage(lang, dataset, key, ...) local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType checkType('formatInLanguage', 1, lang, 'string') checkType('formatInLanguage', 2, dataset, 'string') checkType('formatInLanguage', 3, key, 'string') return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...}, lang) end -- Obsolete function that adds a 'c:' prefix to the first param. -- "Sandbox/Sample.tab" -> 'c:Data:Sandbox/Sample.tab' function p.link(frame) return link(frame.args[1]) end function p.doc(frame) local dataset = 'Templatedata/' .. sanitizeDataset(frame.args[1]) return frame:extensionTag('templatedata', p.getTemplateData(dataset)) .. formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'edit_doc', {link(dataset)}) end function p.getTemplateData(dataset) -- TODO: add '_' parameter once lua starts reindexing properly for "all" languages local data = loadData(dataset) local names = {} for _, field in pairs(data.schema.fields) do table.insert(names, field.name) end local params = {} local paramOrder = {} for _, row in pairs(data.data) do local newVal = {} local name = nil for pos, val in pairs(row) do local columnName = names[pos] if columnName == 'name' then name = val else newVal[columnName] = val end end if name then params[name] = newVal table.insert(paramOrder, name) end end -- Work around json encoding treating {"1":{...}} as an [{...}] params['zzz123']='' local json = mw.text.jsonEncode({ params=params, paramOrder=paramOrder, description=data.description }) json = string.gsub(json,'"zzz123":"",?', "") return json end -- Local functions sanitizeDataset = function(dataset) if not dataset then return nil end dataset = mw.text.trim(dataset) if dataset == '' then return nil elseif string.sub(dataset,-4) ~= '.tab' then return dataset .. '.tab' else return dataset end end loadData = function(dataset, lang) dataset = sanitizeDataset(dataset) if not dataset then error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_no_dataset', {})) end -- Give helpful error to thirdparties who try and copy this module. if not mw.ext or not mw.ext.data or not mw.ext.data.get then error('Missing JsonConfig extension; Cannot load https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:' .. dataset) end local data = mw.ext.data.get(dataset, lang) if data == false then if dataset == i18nDataset then -- Prevent cyclical calls error('Missing Commons dataset ' .. i18nDataset) else error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_dataset', {link(dataset)})) end end return data end -- Given a dataset name, convert it to a title with the 'commons:data:' prefix link = function(dataset) return 'c:Data:' .. mw.text.trim(dataset or '') end formatMessage = function(dataset, key, params, lang) for _, row in pairs(loadData(dataset, lang).data) do local id, msg = unpack(row) if id == key then local result = mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, unpack(params or {})) return result:plain() end end if dataset == i18nDataset then -- Prevent cyclical calls error('Invalid message key "' .. key .. '"') else error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_msgkey', {key, link(dataset)})) end end return p icfixo3zxiew6gqg3s5h19xr03x3wkh 828 10712 83741 2022-05-18T09:56:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:TNT/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module allows templates and modules to be easily translated as part of the [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|multilingual templates and modules project]]. Instead of storing English text in a module or a template, TNT module allows modules to be designed language-neutral, and store multilingual text in the [[mw:Help:Tabular_Data|tabular data pages]] on Commons. This way your module or template will use those translated strings (messages), or if the message has not yet been translated, will fallback to English. When someone updates the translation table, your page will automatically update (might take some time, or you can purge it), but no change in the template or module is needed on any of the wikis. This process is very similar to MediaWiki's [[mw:localisation|localisation]], and supports all standard localization conventions such as <nowiki>{{PLURAL|...}}</nowiki> and [[mw:Localisation#Message_parameters|other parameters]]. This module can be used from templates using #invoke, and from other modules. For a simple example, see [[commons:Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab|Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab]] - a table with two messages, each message having a single parameter. By convention, all translation tables should have <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Data:I18n/...<nowiki>'''</nowiki> prefix to separate them from other types of data. === Using from Templates === {| class="wikitable" style="width: 85%;" |+ ! style="width: 60%" | Description ! style="width: 40%" | Wiki Markup |- |In a template, this command translates '''source_table''' message using Commons' [[commons:Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab|Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab]] translation table. |<pre> {{#invoke:TNT | msg | I18n/Template:Graphs.tab | source_table }} </pre> |- |If your message contains parameters, you can specify them after the message ID. |<pre> {{#invoke:TNT | msg | I18n/Template:My Template.tab | message-with-two-params | param1 | param2 }} </pre> |} === Translating Template Parameters === Template parameters are usually stored as a [[mw:wikipedia:JSON|JSON]] '''templatedata''' block inside the template's /doc subpage. This makes it convenient to translate, but when a new parameter is added to a global template, all /doc pages need to be updated in every language. TNT helps with this by automatically generating the templatedata block from a table stored on Commons. Placing this line into every /doc sub-page will use [[Commons:Data:Templatedata/Graph:Lines.tab|Data:Templatedata/Graph:Lines.tab]] table to generate all the needed templatedata information in every language. Even if the local community has not translated the full template documentation, they will be able to see all template parameters, centrally updated.<pre> {{#invoke:TNT | doc | Graph:Lines }} </pre> === Using from Modules === Just like templates, modules should also use this module for localization: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local TNT = require('Module:TNT') -- format <messageId> string with two parameters using a translation table. local text = TNT.format('I18n/My_module_messages', 'messageId', 'param1', 'param2', ...) -- Same, but translate to a specific language. local text = TNT.formatInLanguage('fr', 'I18n/My_module_messages', 'messageId', 'param1', 'param2', ...) </syntaxhighlight> === Using TNTTools === [[Module:TNTTools]] has: * Question functions: with boolean or numerical indexed return. To be called from other modules or from templates. With: ** Case sensitive option. ** Possibility of more than one translated text value (where each value is separated by "|"). * To put aside write, adding "I18n/" as a prefix and ".tab" extension as a suffix for the table names. * Several examples. <includeonly> [[Category:Modules using tabular data]] </includeonly> jgqmlt2e634kwz1w4verwje2jdsicxn 828 10713 83742 2022-05-18T09:57:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote list Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, -- -- it implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, -- -- as used in {{about}}, {{redirect}}, and their variants. Also introduced -- -- are andList & orList helpers for formatting lists with those conjunctions. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mArguments --initialize lazily local mFormatLink = require('Module:Format link') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List stringification helper functions -- -- These functions are used for stringifying lists, usually page lists inside -- the "Y" portion of "For X, see Y" for-see items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the list stringification functions local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } --Searches display text only local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- Stringifies a list generically; probably shouldn't be used directly local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks, defaults, and a shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- Format the list if requested if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- Set the separator; if any item contains it, use the alternate separator local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- Set the conjunction, apply Oxford comma, and force a comma if #1 has "§" local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- Return the formatted string return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end --DRY function function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- Stringifies lists with "and" or "or" function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For see -- -- Makes a "For X, see [[Y]]." list from raw parameters. Intended for the -- {{about}} and {{redirect}} templates and their variants. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the forSee family of functions local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } --Collapses duplicate punctuation local function punctuationCollapse (text) local replacements = { ["%.%.$"] = ".", ["%?%.$"] = "?", ["%!%.$"] = "!", ["%.%]%]%.$"] = ".]]", ["%?%]%]%.$"] = "?]]", ["%!%]%]%.$"] = "!]]" } for k, v in pairs(replacements) do text = string.gsub(text, k, v) end return text end -- Structures arguments into a table for stringification, & options function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg's gotten manually because getArgs() and table.maxn aren't friends local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- Structure the data out from the parameter list: -- * forTable is the wrapper table, with forRow rows -- * Rows are tables of a "use" string & a "pages" table of pagename strings -- * Blanks are left empty for defaulting elsewhere, but can terminate list local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- If there is extra text, and no arguments are given, give nil value -- to not produce default of "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- Loop to generate rows repeat -- New empty row local forRow = {} -- On blank use, assume list's ended & break at end of this loop forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- New empty list of pages forRow.pages = {} -- Insert first pages item if present table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- If the param after next is "and", do inner loop to collect params -- until the "and"'s stop. Blanks are ignored: "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- Increment to next "and" i = i + 2 end -- Increment to next use i = i + 2 -- Append the row table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- Stringifies a table as formatted by forSeeArgsToTable function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Stringify each for-see item into a list local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- Return the concatenated list return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- Produces a "For X, see [[Y]]" string from arguments. Expects index gaps -- but not blank/whitespace values. Ignores named args and args < "from". function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- As _forSee, but uses the frame. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p octqbcvqrobtndgnn8u78tg2tsemf14 828 10714 83743 2022-05-18T09:57:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} == Usage from wikitext == This module is not designed be used directly from wikitext even though <code>forSee</code> does take an initial <code>frame</code> argument and could potentially be used from wikitext, e.g.: *<code><nowiki>{{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}}</nowiki></code> → {{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}} == Usage from Lua == To call the module, use <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list')</syntaxhighlight> or similar, then access its methods through the <code>mHatList</code> variable (or whatever was used). ===andList=== <code>andList</code> takes a list in table form, and returns a string with the list separated with "and" and commas as appropriate. ===orList=== <code>orList</code> takes a list in table form, and returns a string with the list separated with "or" and commas as appropriate. ===forSee=== <code>_forSee</code> takes three arguments: a table of trimmed arguments with blanks removed, a "from" number with the index to start at, and an options table, and returns a string with a number of "<code><nowiki>For X, see [[Y]]</nowiki></code>" sentences. The links are formatted using the methods from [[Module:Hatnote]]. As a convenience, the <code>forSee</code> method (without the leading underscore) takes the same arguments except with a frame instead of an args table, using <code>getArgs()</code> from [[Module:Arguments]] to preprocess the arguments. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules| ]] }}</includeonly> 2ud0cr1s1boqiq4mbbsy1u5p9r1fhvs 828 10715 83744 2022-05-18T09:58:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Format link Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the {{format link}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local mError -- lazily initialise [[Module:Error]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end local function maybeItalicize(s, shouldItalicize) -- Italicize s if s is a string and the shouldItalicize parameter is true. if s and shouldItalicize then return '<i>' .. s .. '</i>' else return s end end local function parseLink(link) -- Parse a link and return a table with the link's components. -- These components are: -- - link: the link, stripped of any initial colon (always present) -- - page: the page name (always present) -- - section: the page name (may be nil) -- - display: the display text, if manually entered after a pipe (may be nil) link = removeInitialColon(link) -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the {{!}} magic -- word. local prePipe, display = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link -- Find the page, if it exists. -- For links like [[#Bar]], the page will be nil. local preHash, postHash = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') local page if not preHash then -- We have a link like [[Foo]]. page = link elseif preHash ~= '' then -- We have a link like [[Foo#Bar]]. page = preHash end -- Find the section, if it exists. local section if postHash and postHash ~= '' then section = postHash end return { link = link, page = page, section = section, display = display, } end local function formatDisplay(parsed, options) -- Formats a display string based on a parsed link table (matching the -- output of parseLink) and an options table (matching the input options for -- _formatLink). local page = maybeItalicize(parsed.page, options.italicizePage) local section = maybeItalicize(parsed.section, options.italicizeSection) if (not section) then return page elseif (not page) then return mw.ustring.format('§&nbsp;%s', section) else return mw.ustring.format('%s §&nbsp;%s', page, section) end end local function missingArgError(target) mError = require('Module:Error') return mError.error{message = 'Error: no link or target specified! ([[' .. target .. '#Errors|help]])' } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Main functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatLink(frame) -- The formatLink export function, for use in templates. yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] or args.link local target = args[3] or args.target if not (link or target) then return missingArgError('Template:Format link') end return p._formatLink{ link = link, display = args[2] or args.display, target = target, italicizePage = yesno(args.italicizepage), italicizeSection = yesno(args.italicizesection), categorizeMissing = args.categorizemissing } end function p._formatLink(options) -- The formatLink export function, for use in modules. checkType('_formatLink', 1, options, 'table') local function check(key, expectedType) --for brevity checkTypeForNamedArg( '_formatLink', key, options[key], expectedType or 'string', true ) end check('link') check('display') check('target') check('italicizePage', 'boolean') check('italicizeSection', 'boolean') check('categorizeMissing') -- Normalize link and target and check that at least one is present if options.link == '' then options.link = nil end if options.target == '' then options.target = nil end if not (options.link or options.target) then return missingArgError('Module:Format link') end local parsed = parseLink(options.link) local display = options.display or parsed.display local catMissing = options.categorizeMissing local category = '' -- Find the display text if not display then display = formatDisplay(parsed, options) end -- Handle the target option if present if options.target then local parsedTarget = parseLink(options.target) parsed.link = parsedTarget.link parsed.page = parsedTarget.page end -- Test if page exists if a diagnostic category is specified if catMissing and (mw.ustring.len(catMissing) > 0) then local title = nil if parsed.page then title = mw.title.new(parsed.page) end if title and (not title.isExternal) and (not title.exists) then category = mw.ustring.format('[[Category:%s]]', catMissing) end end -- Format the result as a link if parsed.link == display then return mw.ustring.format('[[:%s]]%s', parsed.link, category) else return mw.ustring.format('[[:%s|%s]]%s', parsed.link, display, category) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Derived convenience functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatPages(options, pages) -- Formats an array of pages using formatLink and the given options table, -- and returns it as an array. Nil values are not allowed. local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink{ link = page, categorizeMissing = options.categorizeMissing, italicizePage = options.italicizePage, italicizeSection = options.italicizeSection } end return ret end return p kqzzmt53imtxeq4z2wtd8gb4aoahnkl 828 10716 83745 2022-05-18T09:58:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Format link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Perfcachedts]]}} This module, migrated from origins in [[Module:Hatnote]], provides functionality for formatting links for display, including that powering the {{tl|format link}} template. It can pretty-format section links with the section symbol ("§") and appropriate whitespace, it automatically escapes category and file names with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], and includes functionality for italicizing the page or section name, and for detecting and categorizing results that produce [[Wikipedia:Red link|red links]]. == Use from wikitext == The functions in this module cannot be used directly from #invoke, and must be used through templates instead. Please see [[Template:Format link]] for documentation on usage of that template. == Use from other Lua modules== To load this module from another Lua module, use the following code: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mFormatLink = require('Module:Format link') </syntaxhighlight> You can then use the functions as documented below. === _formatLink === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFormatLink._formatLink{ link = 'Link', display = 'Display', target = 'Target', italicizePage = true, italicizeSection = true, categorizeMissing = 'Pages using formatted red links' } </syntaxhighlight> Formats <var>link</var> as a wikilink. Categories and files are automatically escaped with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], and links to sections are automatically formatted as ''page § section'', rather than the MediaWiki default of ''page#section''. Several options modify the output: * If the <var>display</var> value is present, then it will be used as a display value. Any manual piping (using the <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code> magic word or similar) present in <var>link</var> will be overridden by the <var>display</var> value if present. * If the <var>target</var> value is present, then it will override <var>link</var> as a target, but the result will still be ''displayed'' using either the value from <var>display</var>, or the result of formatting <var>link</var>. * If <var>italicizePage</var> is true, then the page portion of the link is italicized if present. * If <var>italicizeSection</var> is true, then the section portion of the link is italicized if present. * If <var>categorizeMissing</var> is a non-empty string, then that value is used as a category name, and that category will be applied if the resulting target of the link (no matter whether through <var>link</var> or through <var>target</var>) doesn't exist. ;Examples: : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Foo#Bar'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Foo#Bar|Foo §&amp;nbsp;Bar]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Foo#Bar}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Baz', display = 'Qux'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Baz|Qux]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Baz|Qux}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Foo|Bar', display = 'Baz'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Foo|Baz]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Foo{{!}}Bar|Baz}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = '#Foo', target = 'Example#Foo'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Example#Foo|§&amp;nbsp;Foo]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|#Foo||Example#Foo}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'The Lord of the Rings#Plot', italicizePage = true}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:The Lord of the Rings#Plot|''The Lord of the Rings'' §&amp;nbsp;Plot]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|The Lord of the Rings#Plot|italicizepage=true}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012#Disini v. Secretary of Justice', italicizeSection = true}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012#Disini v. Secretary of Justice|Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 §&amp;nbsp;''Disini v. Secretary of Justice'']]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012#Disini v. Secretary of Justice|italicizesection=true}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Nonexistent page', categorizeMissing = 'Example'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Nonexistent page]][[Category:Example]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Nonexistent page}} : <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>mFormatLink._formatLink{link = 'Existing', categorizeMissing = 'Example'}</syntaxhighlight> &rarr; <nowiki>[[:Existing]]</nowiki> &rarr; {{format link|Existing}} === formatPages === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFormatLink.formatPages(options, pages) </syntaxhighlight> This derived function is useful for lists that format many links. It formats an array of pages using the [[#_formatLink|_formatLink]] function, and returns the result as an array. Options in the <var>options</var> table are applied, and use the same names as the options for <var>_formatLink</var>. ;Example :{{code|<nowiki>mFormatLink.formatPages({categorizeMissing = 'Example'}, {'Foo#Bar', 'Nonexistent page'})</nowiki>|lua}} &rarr; {{code|<nowiki>{'[[:Foo#Bar|Foo §&nbsp;Bar]]', '[[:Nonexistent page]][[Category:Example]]'}</nowiki>|lua}} == Errors == If <var>_formatLink</var> is used and neither a <var>link</var> nor a <var>target</var> argument is provided, then the module will produce an error message instead of its usual output, as it ''cannot'' then produce valid output. You can solve this error by providing appropriate parameters to <var>_formatLink</var>, or you may want to ensure that a more descriptive error is provided by a downstream template or module when it would otherwise call <var>_formatLink</var> with inadequate arguments. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 2eqw7jok88b4fr515rsws6c5shdu008 828 10717 83746 2022-05-18T09:59:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .hatnote { font-style: italic; } /* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Hatnote inline]] */ div.hatnote { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .hatnote i { font-style: normal; } /* The templatestyles element inserts a link element before hatnotes. * TODO: Remove link if/when WMF resolves T200206 */ .hatnote + link + .hatnote { margin-top: -0.5em; } 7znvdfdw9mn3ta8a2ioyp35gizwnv4c 828 10718 83747 2022-05-18T10:03:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config Scribunto text/plain local cfg = {} -- Don’t touch this line. -- Subpage blacklist: these subpages will not be categorized (except for the -- error category, which is always added if there is an error). -- For example “Template:Foo/doc” matches the `doc = true` rule, so it will have -- no categories. “Template:Foo” and “Template:Foo/documentation” match no rules, -- so they *will* have categories. All rules should be in the -- ['<subpage name>'] = true, -- format. cfg['subpage_blacklist'] = { ['doc'] = true, ['sandbox'] = true, ['sandbox2'] = true, ['testcases'] = true, } -- Sandbox title: if the stylesheet’s title is <template>/<stylesheet>.css, the -- stylesheet’s sandbox is expected to be at <template>/<sandbox_title>/<stylesheet>.css -- Set to nil to disable sandbox links. cfg['sandbox_title'] = 'sandbox' -- Error category: this category is added if the module call contains errors -- (e.g. no stylesheet listed). A category name without namespace, or nil -- to disable categorization (not recommended). cfg['error_category'] = 'Uses TemplateStyles templates with errors' -- Default category: this category is added if no custom category is specified -- in module/template call. A category name without namespace, or nil -- to disable categorization. cfg['default_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles' -- Protection conflict category: this category is added if the protection level -- of any stylesheet differs from the one of the template. A category name -- without namespace, or nil to disable categorization (not recommended). cfg['protection_conflict_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles with a different protection level' -- Padlock pattern: Lua pattern to search on protected stylesheets for, or nil -- to disable padlock check. cfg['padlock_pattern'] = '{{pp-' -- Missing padlock category: this category is added if a protected stylesheet -- doesn’t contain any padlock template (specified by the above Lua pattern). -- A category name without namespace (no nil allowed) if the pattern is not nil, -- unused (and thus may be nil) otherwise. cfg['missing_padlock_category'] = 'Templates using TemplateStyles without padlocks' return cfg -- Don’t touch this line. q0sl7fc4v23fdsqaw3xn0z29rr6soco 10 10719 83748 2022-05-18T10:04:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css sanitized-css text/css /* This is just an example page for Template:Uses TemplateStyles */ ahgqej4vbtx7fu0etpc0x6ggo8673hy 10 10720 83749 2022-05-18T10:04:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Uses TemplateStyles/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|TemplateStyles}} {{Lua{{\sandbox}}|Module:Uses TemplateStyles}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> This template is used to show that templates have been converted to use [[WP:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. It is placed at the top of the template's /doc page. It automatically adds the template to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|default_category}}]], or to one of its subcategories. == Usage == ; Basic : {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|''TemplateStyles page name''}} ; All parameters : {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|''TemplateStyles page 1''|''TemplateStyles page 2''|''TemplateStyles page 3''|...|category{{=}}''custom category''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} The first TemplateStyles page name is required. ===TemplateStyles sandboxes=== Note that if a sandbox version of the TemplateStyle exists, it will also be linked. This is only for sandbox versions. The subpage name of the sandbox version should be the same, but as a subpage of the templates sandbox. For example, if the TemplateStyles page name is <code>Template:Foo/styles.css</code>, then the sandbox version should be <code>Template:Foo/sandbox/styles.css</code> == Examples == ===One style page=== {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css}} {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===Multiple style pages=== {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|Template:Routemap/styles.css}} {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Arrowlist/styles.css|Template:Routemap/styles.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===Sandbox version of style page exists=== {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css}} {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|Template:Uses TemplateStyles/example.css|nocat=true}} {{clear}} ===No style pages specified=== {{tlx|Uses TemplateStyles}} {{Uses TemplateStyles{{\sandbox}}|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == Categories == ===Template category=== This template adds pages to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|default_category}}]] if the page is in the template namespace, and it is not on any of the subpages /doc, /sandbox, /sandbox2 or /testcases. You can specify a different category with the {{para|category}} parameter, e.g. {{para|category|Uses list TemplateStyles}}. ===Error category=== If no modules are specified, the transcluded page will be added to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|error_category}}]]. ===Protection level category=== TemplateStyles should have the same protection level as the template they are used on. If a difference is detected, the transcluded page will be added to [[:Category:{{#invoke:Data|Module:Uses TemplateStyles/config|protection_conflict_category}}]]. === Category suppression === To suppress all categories, use {{para|nocat|true}}. (As well as "true", the values "yes", "y", and "1" will also work.) == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|TNT=Uses TemplateStyles}} == See also == * {{tl|Lua}} * {{tl|Uses Wikidata}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> l2ya2a6bieij830hfbnmgfb4fvhqyjk 10 10721 83750 2022-05-18T10:05:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template shortcut wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i 10 10722 83751 2022-05-18T10:05:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template shortcut/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|clear=right|Template shortcuts|Templateshortcut}}{{tsh|tsh}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Shortcut}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts (that is, redirects, also known as aliases, as in the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to this template, {{tlf|template shortcut}}, and can be used in its place, as it is in this documentation's [[Wikipedia:View source|source]] [[wikitext]]. == Usage == Place this template and its list of few to one, carefully selected shortcut(s) at the top of the template documentation page's [[Wikipedia:Wikitext|wikitext]], right underneath {{tl|Documentation subpage}}. In the saved, rendered text, those shortcuts will appear in this template's Shortcut(s) box, whose title will reflect the number of list items by automatically being singular or plural in form. === Which ones to display here === Although the template can show up to ten shortcuts, you are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display in this template's box. Even if many redirects exist, ''two or three at the most'' is almost always enough. By keeping the number of redirects presented in the Shortcut box small, it makes it easier to remember them, and the documentation is kept well organized. === Where to list any others === List others in the Redirects section of the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]. Again, not all of them need to be listed; some shortcuts are there just for historical reasons, and others differ only in minor points such as white spaces or capitalization. Such shortcut-name variations are unnecessary to list at all—just list the standard, most common version of such a variation. === Optional parameters === This template has several optional parameters: * '''float''' – if set to "left", then the box will float to the left of the page, instead of the default float "right". * '''clear''' – if set to "right" (when float also is set to "right"), the box will be pushed to the right margin of the page, and {{clarify|text=prevent it from nest to the left of other right-floating elements.}} Similarly, if set to "left" (when float also is set to "left"), the box will be pushed to the left margin of the page. * '''pre''' – can be used to show some text before the shortcut links, but within the braces. This is mostly used to add the text "subst:". This shows the proper syntax for using the template with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. * '''pre1, pre2 ...''' – like above, but adds the prefix only to the nth shortcut. == Examples of basic code == To display one template shortcut named {{tl|uw-v1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{clear}} To display three template shortcuts for {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} named {{tl|uw-v1}}, {{tl|uw-vand1}}, and {{tl|uw-vandal1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == Example with the float parameter == Using {{para|float|<var>left</var>}} makes this template flow to the left of the page: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}} {{clear}} == Example with text ("subst:") within the braces == This is mostly used to add text to show how the template could be used with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. Use {{para|pre2|<var>subst:</var>}} and {{para|pre3|<var>subst:</var>}} to show "subst:" before the shortcut links, but within the braces: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} If you use {{para|pre|<var>subst:</var>}}, it applies to all of the shortcuts: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "redirect": { "label": "Redirect?", "description": "Whether to refer to the \"shortcut/s\" as \"redirect/s\" instead.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to not add the <code>redirect=no</code> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code>float</code> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code>clear</code> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code>msg</code> is specified.", "default": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "pre": { "label": "Default prefix", "description": "The default prefix", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "pre1": { "label": "Prefix 1", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 1", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Template shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre2": { "label": "Prefix 2", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 2", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Template shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre3": { "label": "Prefix 3", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 3", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Template shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre4": { "label": "Prefix 4", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 4", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Template shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre5": { "label": "Prefix 5", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 5", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Template shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre6": { "label": "Prefix 6", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 6", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Template shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre7": { "label": "Prefix 7", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 7", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Template shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre8": { "label": "Prefix 8", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 8", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Template shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre9": { "label": "Prefix 9", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 9", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Template shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-template-name" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|shortcut}}, the standard shortcut notice. * {{tl|policy shortcut}}, for shortcuts to sections of policy pages. * {{tl|R to redirect template}}, the [[WP:RCAT|rcat]] template for redirects to rcat templates * {{tl|template redirect}}, automatically sets <code>redirect=yes</code> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Shortcut templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]]<!--Yes, this is intended for the template page – this template is used IN template docs.--> }}</includeonly> h8fnclsq4swqv2i2dw5axna27woily9 10 10723 83836 83752 2022-05-19T00:47:32Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Tlr]] to [[Inyandikorugero:Template redirect]] for shortcut / readability, en.wiki legacy wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Template redirect]] 0bxlplyfhlgo4c8bkcgigagcghw4tmr 10 10724 83753 2022-05-18T10:06:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{tlr|Template redirects}}{{tsh|tlr}} {{lua|Module:Shortcut}} This template is a [[Wikipedia:Wrapper templates|wrapper]] that prompts {{tl|Template shortcut}} to refer to "redirect/s" rather than "shortcut/s". {{-}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to not add the <code>redirect=no</code> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code>float</code> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code>clear</code> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code>msg</code> is specified.", "default": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "pre": { "label": "Default prefix", "description": "The default prefix", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "pre1": { "label": "Prefix 1", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 1", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Template shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre2": { "label": "Prefix 2", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 2", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Template shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre3": { "label": "Prefix 3", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 3", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Template shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre4": { "label": "Prefix 4", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 4", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Template shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre5": { "label": "Prefix 5", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 5", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Template shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre6": { "label": "Prefix 6", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 6", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Template shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre7": { "label": "Prefix 7", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 7", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Template shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre8": { "label": "Prefix 8", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 8", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Template shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre9": { "label": "Prefix 9", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 9", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Template shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-template-name" } } } </templatedata>}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!--(Categories per [[Template:Template shortcut]]:)--> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]] }}</includeonly> pvq2czk0cqrxmkecurxm1tcoeo8vsou 828 10725 83754 2022-05-18T10:07:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Shortcut Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{shortcut}}. -- Set constants local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Shortcut/config' -- Load required modules local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} local function message(msg, ...) return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() end local function makeCategoryLink(cat) return string.format('[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat) end function p._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg) checkType('_main', 1, shortcuts, 'table') checkType('_main', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE) local templateMode = options.template and yesno(options.template) local redirectMode = options.redirect and yesno(options.redirect) local isCategorized = not options.category or yesno(options.category) ~= false -- Validate shortcuts for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do if type(shortcut) ~= 'string' or #shortcut < 1 then error(message(cfg['invalid-shortcut-error'], i), 2) end end -- Make the list items. These are the shortcuts plus any extra lines such -- as options.msg. local listItems = {} for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do local templatePath, prefix if templateMode then -- Namespace detection local titleObj = mw.title.new(shortcut, 10) if titleObj.namespace == 10 then templatePath = titleObj.fullText else templatePath = shortcut end prefix = options['pre' .. i] or options.pre or '' end if options.target and yesno(options.target) then listItems[i] = templateMode and string.format("&#123;&#123;%s[[%s|%s]]&#125;&#125;", prefix, templatePath, shortcut) or string.format("[[%s]]", shortcut) else listItems[i] = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'No redirect', args = templateMode and {templatePath, shortcut} or {shortcut, shortcut} } if templateMode then listItems[i] = string.format("&#123;&#123;%s%s&#125;&#125;", prefix, listItems[i]) end end end table.insert(listItems, options.msg) -- Return an error if we have nothing to display if #listItems < 1 then local msg = cfg['no-content-error'] msg = string.format('<strong class="error">%s</strong>', msg) if isCategorized and cfg['no-content-error-category'] then msg = msg .. makeCategoryLink(cfg['no-content-error-category']) end return msg end local root = mw.html.create() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Shortcut/styles.css'} }) -- Anchors local anchorDiv = root :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutanchordiv') for i, shortcut in ipairs(shortcuts) do local anchor = mw.uri.anchorEncode(shortcut) anchorDiv:tag('span'):attr('id', anchor) end -- Shortcut heading local shortcutHeading do local nShortcuts = #shortcuts if nShortcuts > 0 then local headingMsg = options['shortcut-heading'] or redirectMode and cfg['redirect-heading'] or cfg['shortcut-heading'] shortcutHeading = message(headingMsg, nShortcuts) shortcutHeading = frame:preprocess(shortcutHeading) end end -- Shortcut box local shortcutList = root :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutboxplain plainlist noprint') :attr('role', 'note') if options.float and options.float:lower() == 'left' then shortcutList:addClass('module-shortcutboxleft') end if options.clear and options.clear ~= '' then shortcutList:css('clear', options.clear) end if shortcutHeading then shortcutList :tag('div') :addClass('module-shortcutlist') :wikitext(shortcutHeading) end local list = shortcutList:tag('ul') for i, item in ipairs(listItems) do list:tag('li'):wikitext(item) end return tostring(root) end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) -- Separate shortcuts from options local shortcuts, options = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then shortcuts[k] = v else options[k] = v end end -- Compress the shortcut array, which may contain nils. local function compressArray(t) local nums, ret = {}, {} for k in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = k end table.sort(nums) for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end shortcuts = compressArray(shortcuts) return p._main(shortcuts, options, frame) end return p 4jqk5gxekn99b9nsdu6rq56uiap5da8 828 10726 83755 2022-05-18T10:07:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Shortcut/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Shortcut/config|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Shortcut/styles.css}} {{Lua sidebar}} This module makes a box showing the shortcut links to a page. == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext, this module should be called from a template, usually {{tl|shortcut}}. Please see the template page for documentation. However, it can also be called using the syntax <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:shortcut|main|</nowiki>''arguments''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. === From Lua === To use this module from Lua, first load it. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mShortcut = require('Module:Shortcut') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can create shortcut boxes with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mShortcut._main(shortcuts, options, frame, cfg) </syntaxhighlight> * <var>shortcuts</var> is an array of shortcut page names. (required) * <var>options</var> is a table of options. The following keys are supported: ** <code>msg</code> - a message to leave after the list of shortcuts. ** <code>category</code> - if set to false (or a value regarded as false by [[Module:Yesno]], such as "no"), categories are suppressed. * <var>frame</var> a frame object. This is optional, and only intended to be used internally. * <var>cfg</var> a table of config values. This is optional, and is only intended for testing. == Technical details == This module has a configuration file at [[Module:Shortcut/config]]. It can be used to translate this module into different languages or to change details like category names. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> nr18lmiabf4ex8nv7wwk3pwdl22jyib 828 10727 83756 2022-05-18T10:07:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Shortcut/config Scribunto text/plain -- This module holds configuration data for [[Module:Shortcut]]. return { -- The heading at the top of the shortcut box. It accepts the following parameter: -- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required) ['shortcut-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|{{PLURAL:$1|Shortcut|Shortcuts}}]]', -- The heading when |redirect=yes is given. It accepts the following parameter: -- $1 - the total number of shortcuts. (required) ['redirect-heading'] = '[[Wikipedia:Redirect|{{PLURAL:$1|Redirect|Redirects}}]]', -- The error message to display when a shortcut is invalid (is not a string, or -- is the blank string). It accepts the following parameter: -- $1 - the number of the shortcut in the argument list. (required) ['invalid-shortcut-error'] = 'shortcut #$1 was invalid (shortcuts must be ' .. 'strings of at least one character in length)', -- The error message to display when no shortcuts or other displayable content -- were specified. (required) ['no-content-error'] = 'Error: no shortcuts were specified and the ' .. mw.text.nowiki('|msg=') .. ' parameter was not set.', -- A category to add when the no-content-error message is displayed. (optional) ['no-content-error-category'] = 'Shortcut templates with missing parameters', } t6jiszehpcz1mpvmzl8esji0vdvjr4p 10 10728 83757 2022-05-18T10:08:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No redirect wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:Redirect|isRedirect|{{{1}}}}} | <span class="plainlinks">[{{safesubst:<noinclude/>fullurl:{{{1}}}|redirect=no}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]</span> | {{safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{2|}}}|[[:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{{2}}}]]|[[:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}]]}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2qaonlqtyk07btxy9fviektgkcflxxv 10 10729 83758 2022-05-18T10:09:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No redirect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{expensive}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA. --> {{High-risk| 402714 }} {{tsh|-r}} {{Lua|Module:Redirect}} == Usage == This template provides an easy way to link a redirect page without following the redirect. <pre>{{no redirect|page name|label}}</pre> It accepts two unnamed parameters: * 1= (required) the name of the page to link. * 2= (optional) the text to be displayed. If this is omitted then the input of the first parameter is used. === Example === Instead of having to copy/paste or type: * <code><nowiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silence_of_the_Sea&redirect=no ''The Silence of the Sea'']</nowiki></code> ** to yield [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silence_of_the_Sea&redirect=no ''The Silence of the Sea''] an editor can type: * <code><nowiki>''{{No redirect|The Silence of the Sea}}''</nowiki></code> or an '''<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:No_redirect&hidelinks=1&hidetrans=1 alias]</span>''' can be used, as in: * <code><nowiki>''{{-r|The Silence of the Sea}}''</nowiki></code> Both of those will take users ''directly'' to the same redirect page and display its pagename as a bluelink thus (using the alias): ''{{-r|The Silence of the Sea}}''. The second parameter (label) may be useful in discussions on talk pages. For example, * <code><nowiki>{{-r|The Silence of the Sea|this redirect}}</nowiki></code> may appear on a talk page in this context: "For reference, see {{-r|The Silence of the Sea|this redirect}}." If there is no page with that name given by the first parameter, the template generates a redlink as for any article name: * <code><nowiki>{{-r|Bill Clinton (nickname)}}</nowiki></code> displays as {{-r|Bill Clinton (nickname)}} Also, if a page is not a redirect, a normal link is displayed: * <code><nowiki>{{-r|Bill Clinton}}</nowiki></code> displays as {{-r|Bill Clinton}} == See also == * {{tl|Template link no redirect}} * {{tl|Redirect?}} * {{tl|no redirect}}, {{tlf|-r}} * {{tl|redirect}} &mdash; hatnote "''Foo'' redirects here ..." * {{tl|is redirect}} &mdash; returns yes/&lt;blank> * [[Wikipedia:Redirect]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES GO BELOW AND INTERWIKIS GO TO WIKIDATA, THANK YOU! --> [[Category:Internal link templates]] [[Category:Redirect templates| No redirect]] }}</includeonly> mjq8agw41e4c8yqwgyna9fc69vujxoy 10 10730 83759 2022-05-18T10:09:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Expensive wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = style | image = [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px]] | text = Due to a server limit of '''500''' "[[Wikipedia:Template limits#Expensive parser function calls|expensive parser function]]" calls <small>([[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist:]], [[mw:Help:Magic words#Technical metadata|PAGESIZE:]], and [[mw:Help:Magic words#Statistics|PAGESINCATEGORY:]])</small>, this template or module will only work properly if the page using it has not already exceeded the limit. When the limit is exceeded, the page using this template or module is categorised [[:Category:Pages with too many expensive parser function calls]]. <small>''([[Template:Expensive|further information]])''</small> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> a0sbgqstzm8gk3ryhrhgtjs5iqdk5ye 10 10731 83760 2022-05-18T10:09:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Expensive/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = style | image = [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px]] | text = Due to a server limit of '''500''' "[[Wikipedia:Template limits#Expensive parser function calls|expensive parser function]]" calls <small>([[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist:]], [[mw:Help:Magic words#Technical metadata|PAGESIZE:]], and [[mw:Help:Magic words#Statistics|PAGESINCATEGORY:]])</small>, this template or module will only work properly if the page using it has not already exceeded the limit. When the limit is exceeded, the page using this template or module is categorised [[:Category:Pages with too many expensive parser function calls]]. <small>''([[Template:Expensive|further information]])''</small> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> a0sbgqstzm8gk3ryhrhgtjs5iqdk5ye 828 10732 83761 2022-05-18T10:10:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides functions for getting the target of a redirect page. local p = {} -- Gets a mw.title object, using pcall to avoid generating script errors if we -- are over the expensive function count limit (among other possible causes). local function getTitle(...) local success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return titleObj else return nil end end -- Gets the name of a page that a redirect leads to, or nil if it isn't a -- redirect. function p.getTargetFromText(text) local target = string.match( text, "^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)%]%]" ) or string.match( text, "^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)|[^%[%]]-%]%]" ) return target and mw.uri.decode(target, 'PATH') end -- Gets the target of a redirect. If the page specified is not a redirect, -- returns nil. function p.getTarget(page, fulltext) -- Get the title object. Both page names and title objects are allowed -- as input. local titleObj if type(page) == 'string' or type(page) == 'number' then titleObj = getTitle(page) elseif type(page) == 'table' and type(page.getContent) == 'function' then titleObj = page else error(string.format( "bad argument #1 to 'getTarget'" .. " (string, number, or title object expected, got %s)", type(page) ), 2) end if not titleObj then return nil end local targetTitle = titleObj.redirectTarget if targetTitle then if fulltext then return targetTitle.fullText else return targetTitle.prefixedText end else return nil end end --[[ -- Given a single page name determines what page it redirects to and returns the -- target page name, or the passed page name when not a redirect. The passed -- page name can be given as plain text or as a page link. -- -- Returns page name as plain text, or when the bracket parameter is given, as a -- page link. Returns an error message when page does not exist or the redirect -- target cannot be determined for some reason. --]] function p.luaMain(rname, bracket, fulltext) if type(rname) ~= "string" or not rname:find("%S") then return nil end bracket = bracket and "[[%s]]" or "%s" rname = rname:match("%[%[(.+)%]%]") or rname local target = p.getTarget(rname, fulltext) local ret = target or rname ret = getTitle(ret) if ret then if fulltext then ret = ret.fullText else ret = ret.prefixedText end return bracket:format(ret) else return nil end end -- Provides access to the luaMain function from wikitext. function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) return p.luaMain(args[1], args.bracket, args.fulltext) or '' end -- Returns true if the specified page is a redirect, and false otherwise. function p.luaIsRedirect(page) local titleObj = getTitle(page) if not titleObj then return false end if titleObj.isRedirect then return true else return false end end -- Provides access to the luaIsRedirect function from wikitext, returning 'yes' -- if the specified page is a redirect, and the blank string otherwise. function p.isRedirect(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) if p.luaIsRedirect(args[1]) then return 'yes' else return '' end end return p ixuh7hehfu8mxwx3ai7pksok45inaxs 828 10733 83762 2022-05-18T10:10:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Module rating|beta}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments}} This module contains functions to find the target of a [[Help:Redirect|redirect]] page. == Main == The main function accepts the name of a single page. It determines if the page is a redirect; if so it looks up the page, extracts the target, and returns the target name as text. Its usage is <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|main|page-name}}</nowiki></code>. If <code>page-name</code> does not exist or is not a redirect then <code>page-name</code> is returned. If <code>page-name</code> is blank then blank is returned. The function normally neither takes nor gives square brackets, so to show the result as a link use <code><nowiki>[[{{#invoke:redirect|main|page-name}}]]</nowiki></code>. If the parameter ''bracket'' is given a nonblank value, brackets will be passed on if present. === Examples === * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|main|WP:AFC}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|main|WP:AFC}} * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|main|[[WP:AFD]]|bracket=yes}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|main|[[WP:AFD]]|bracket=yes}} * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|main|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|main|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion}} * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|main|Wikipedia:Articles for rumination}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|main|Wikipedia:Articles for rumination}} Note: [[WP:AFC]] and [[WP:AFD]] are both redirects, but [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion]] is not, and [[Wikipedia:Articles for rumination]] does not exist. === LuaMain === If you want to use the main function from another Lua module, you may want to use the luaMain function. This provides the same functionality as the main function, but doesn't require that a frame object be available. To use this, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mRedirect = require('Module:Redirect') </syntaxhighlight> Then use the function with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mRedirect.luaMain(rname, bracket) </syntaxhighlight> <var>rname</var> is the name of the redirect page, and if <var>bracket</var> is anything but false or nil, the module will produce a link rather than just a page name. == IsRedirect == The isRedirect function is used from wiki pages to find out if a given page is a redirect or not. If the page is a redirect, the function returns "yes", and if not the output is blank. Its usage is <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|page-name}}</nowiki></code>. === Examples === * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|WP:AFC}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|WP:AFC}} * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion}} * <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Wikipedia:Articles for rumination}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Wikipedia:Articles for rumination}} === LuaIsRedirect === The isRedirect can be accessed from other Lua modules in the same way as the main function: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mRedirect = require('Module:Redirect') mRedirect.luaIsRedirect(rname) </syntaxhighlight> == GetTarget == The getTarget function fetches the target page name of a redirect page, and is only usable from Lua. If the page specified is a redirect, then the target is returned; otherwise the function returns nil. To use it, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mRedirect = require('Module:Redirect') </syntaxhighlight> Then use the function with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mRedirect.getTarget(page) </syntaxhighlight> <var>page</var> can be either the name of the redirect page as a string, or a [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title object]]. ==See also== * [[phab:T68974]] - Provide a standard way to get the target of a redirect page * [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects]], the Scribunto interface for determining a page's redirect status * [[Template:Get QID]], which uses this module * [[Template:Submit an edit request]], which uses this module b58t3hwcxxq5qbgun0ql2dr59haf8ko 10 10734 83763 2022-05-18T10:12:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tsh wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i 10 10735 83765 83764 2022-05-18T10:13:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Editing Inyandikorugero:Tsh/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|clear=right|Template shortcuts|Templateshortcut}}{{tsh|tsh}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Shortcut}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts (that is, redirects, also known as aliases, as in the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to this template, {{tlf|template shortcut}}, and can be used in its place, as it is in this documentation's [[Wikipedia:View source|source]] [[wikitext]]. == Usage == Place this template and its list of few to one, carefully selected shortcut(s) at the top of the template documentation page's [[Wikipedia:Wikitext|wikitext]], right underneath {{tl|Documentation subpage}}. In the saved, rendered text, those shortcuts will appear in this template's Shortcut(s) box, whose title will reflect the number of list items by automatically being singular or plural in form. === Which ones to display here === Although the template can show up to ten shortcuts, you are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display in this template's box. Even if many redirects exist, ''two or three at the most'' is almost always enough. By keeping the number of redirects presented in the Shortcut box small, it makes it easier to remember them, and the documentation is kept well organized. === Where to list any others === List others in the Redirects section of the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]. Again, not all of them need to be listed; some shortcuts are there just for historical reasons, and others differ only in minor points such as white spaces or capitalization. Such shortcut-name variations are unnecessary to list at all—just list the standard, most common version of such a variation. === Optional parameters === This template has several optional parameters: * '''float''' – if set to "left", then the box will float to the left of the page, instead of the default float "right". * '''clear''' – if set to "right" (when float also is set to "right"), the box will be pushed to the right margin of the page, and {{clarify|text=prevent it from nest to the left of other right-floating elements.}} Similarly, if set to "left" (when float also is set to "left"), the box will be pushed to the left margin of the page. * '''pre''' – can be used to show some text before the shortcut links, but within the braces. This is mostly used to add the text "subst:". This shows the proper syntax for using the template with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. * '''pre1, pre2 ...''' – like above, but adds the prefix only to the nth shortcut. == Examples of basic code == To display one template shortcut named {{tl|uw-v1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{clear}} To display three template shortcuts for {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} named {{tl|uw-v1}}, {{tl|uw-vand1}}, and {{tl|uw-vandal1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == Example with the float parameter == Using {{para|float|<var>left</var>}} makes this template flow to the left of the page: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}} {{clear}} == Example with text ("subst:") within the braces == This is mostly used to add text to show how the template could be used with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. Use {{para|pre2|<var>subst:</var>}} and {{para|pre3|<var>subst:</var>}} to show "subst:" before the shortcut links, but within the braces: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} If you use {{para|pre|<var>subst:</var>}}, it applies to all of the shortcuts: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "redirect": { "label": "Redirect?", "description": "Whether to refer to the \"shortcut/s\" as \"redirect/s\" instead.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to not add the <code>redirect=no</code> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code>float</code> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code>clear</code> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code>msg</code> is specified.", "default": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "pre": { "label": "Default prefix", "description": "The default prefix", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "pre1": { "label": "Prefix 1", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 1", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Template shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre2": { "label": "Prefix 2", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 2", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Template shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre3": { "label": "Prefix 3", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 3", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Template shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre4": { "label": "Prefix 4", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 4", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Template shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre5": { "label": "Prefix 5", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 5", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Template shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre6": { "label": "Prefix 6", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 6", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Template shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre7": { "label": "Prefix 7", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 7", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Template shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre8": { "label": "Prefix 8", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 8", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Template shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre9": { "label": "Prefix 9", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 9", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Template shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-template-name" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|shortcut}}, the standard shortcut notice. * {{tl|policy shortcut}}, for shortcuts to sections of policy pages. * {{tl|R to redirect template}}, the [[WP:RCAT|rcat]] template for redirects to rcat templates * {{tl|template redirect}}, automatically sets <code>redirect=yes</code> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Shortcut templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]]<!--Yes, this is intended for the template page – this template is used IN template docs.--> }}</includeonly> h8fnclsq4swqv2i2dw5axna27woily9 10 10736 83766 2022-05-18T10:15:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template shortcuts wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> me4jjte8wllgxkf22h7gbzu0e2tux3i 10 10737 83767 2022-05-18T10:15:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template shortcuts/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|clear=right|Template shortcuts|Templateshortcut}}{{tsh|tsh}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:Shortcut}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts (that is, redirects, also known as aliases, as in the box appearing at the right. {{tl|Tsh}} is a shortcut to this template, {{tlf|template shortcut}}, and can be used in its place, as it is in this documentation's [[Wikipedia:View source|source]] [[wikitext]]. == Usage == Place this template and its list of few to one, carefully selected shortcut(s) at the top of the template documentation page's [[Wikipedia:Wikitext|wikitext]], right underneath {{tl|Documentation subpage}}. In the saved, rendered text, those shortcuts will appear in this template's Shortcut(s) box, whose title will reflect the number of list items by automatically being singular or plural in form. === Which ones to display here === Although the template can show up to ten shortcuts, you are ''encouraged to choose well'' which ones to display in this template's box. Even if many redirects exist, ''two or three at the most'' is almost always enough. By keeping the number of redirects presented in the Shortcut box small, it makes it easier to remember them, and the documentation is kept well organized. === Where to list any others === List others in the Redirects section of the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]]. Again, not all of them need to be listed; some shortcuts are there just for historical reasons, and others differ only in minor points such as white spaces or capitalization. Such shortcut-name variations are unnecessary to list at all—just list the standard, most common version of such a variation. === Optional parameters === This template has several optional parameters: * '''float''' – if set to "left", then the box will float to the left of the page, instead of the default float "right". * '''clear''' – if set to "right" (when float also is set to "right"), the box will be pushed to the right margin of the page, and {{clarify|text=prevent it from nest to the left of other right-floating elements.}} Similarly, if set to "left" (when float also is set to "left"), the box will be pushed to the left margin of the page. * '''pre''' – can be used to show some text before the shortcut links, but within the braces. This is mostly used to add the text "subst:". This shows the proper syntax for using the template with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. * '''pre1, pre2 ...''' – like above, but adds the prefix only to the nth shortcut. == Examples of basic code == To display one template shortcut named {{tl|uw-v1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1}} {{clear}} To display three template shortcuts for {{tl|uw-vandalism1}} named {{tl|uw-v1}}, {{tl|uw-vand1}}, and {{tl|uw-vandal1}}: {{tlc|template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{template shortcut|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == Example with the float parameter == Using {{para|float|<var>left</var>}} makes this template flow to the left of the page: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|float=left|uw-v1}} {{clear}} == Example with text ("subst:") within the braces == This is mostly used to add text to show how the template could be used with [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitution]]. Use {{para|pre2|<var>subst:</var>}} and {{para|pre3|<var>subst:</var>}} to show "subst:" before the shortcut links, but within the braces: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|uw-v1|pre2=subst:|uw-vand1|pre3=subst:|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} If you use {{para|pre|<var>subst:</var>}}, it applies to all of the shortcuts: <code><nowiki>{{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}}</nowiki></code> {{template shortcut|pre=subst:|uw-v1|uw-vand1|uw-vandal1}} {{clear}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "redirect": { "label": "Redirect?", "description": "Whether to refer to the \"shortcut/s\" as \"redirect/s\" instead.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to not add the <code>redirect=no</code> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code>float</code> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code>clear</code> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code>msg</code> is specified.", "default": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "pre": { "label": "Default prefix", "description": "The default prefix", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "pre1": { "label": "Prefix 1", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 1", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Template shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre2": { "label": "Prefix 2", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 2", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Template shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre3": { "label": "Prefix 3", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 3", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Template shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre4": { "label": "Prefix 4", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 4", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Template shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre5": { "label": "Prefix 5", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 5", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Template shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre6": { "label": "Prefix 6", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 6", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Template shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre7": { "label": "Prefix 7", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 7", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Template shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre8": { "label": "Prefix 8", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 8", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Template shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre9": { "label": "Prefix 9", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 9", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Template shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-template-name" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|shortcut}}, the standard shortcut notice. * {{tl|policy shortcut}}, for shortcuts to sections of policy pages. * {{tl|R to redirect template}}, the [[WP:RCAT|rcat]] template for redirects to rcat templates * {{tl|template redirect}}, automatically sets <code>redirect=yes</code> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Shortcut templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]]<!--Yes, this is intended for the template page – this template is used IN template docs.--> }}</includeonly> h8fnclsq4swqv2i2dw5axna27woily9 10 10738 83768 2022-05-18T10:16:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Templateshortcut wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template shortcut]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from modification}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} q7upcywxcsv877f5u3wkd0mppatllus 10 10739 83769 2022-05-18T10:17:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Shortcut/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .module-shortcutboxplain { float: right; margin: 0 0 0 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #fff; padding: 0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; text-align: center; font-size: 85%; } .module-shortcutboxleft { float: left; margin: 0 1em 0 0; } .module-shortcutlist { display: inline-block; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 0.2em; } .module-shortcutboxplain > ul { font-weight: bold; } .module-shortcutanchordiv { position: relative; top: -3em; } li .module-shortcutanchordiv { float: right; /* IE/Edge in list items */ } .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain { padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em; line-height: 1.3; } di4ixssc6neh0ej5fer2bhcqnk4l0hc 10 10740 83771 2022-05-18T10:20:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlf wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nowrap=yes|nolink=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlf}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> kmn80yu5079jyyvwn623d36xsqq3dch 10 10741 83772 2022-05-18T10:21:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlg/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }}, is used to provide stylized formatting to template displays without actually using the template itself. ===Parameters=== With the exception of {{mono|alttext}}, the named parameters are toggles that are either omitted (default in most cases) or activated (by being assigned a value such as "on", "yes", "true", "include", etc.). They may be included in any order ([[#Examples|see Examples below]]). Certain templates have the parameter "on" by default; see [[#General-purpose formatting|the main table]] for all alternate options. {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter || Action || Use with<br>{{t|example}} || Default active |- | || Default (without accessory parameters) || {{tlg|example}} || |- | brace || Include braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || Include innermost braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || Renders the template link/name in '''bold''' || {{tlg|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}}, {{tl|tlxb}} |- | code || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code}}]] tags ([[monospaced font]]) || {{tlg|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}}, {{tl|Template link expanded}}, etc. |- | italic || Display any parameters accompanying the template link/name in ''italics'' ||| {{tlg|italic=yes|example|param}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#kbd|{{tag|kbd}}]] tags (monospaced font) || {{tlg|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || Don't render the template name as a link || {{tlg|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}}, {{t|tnull}} |- | nowrap || Prevent the insertion of line breaks ([[word wrap]]) in the output || {{tlg|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || Prevent word wrapping in the output of template name/link (parameters will wrap if needed) || {{tlg|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || Uses {{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background:transparent;"}} || {{tlg|plaincode=yes|example}} || {{tl|tltss}} |- | subst || Include a [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] prefix before the template link/name || {{tlg|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}}, {{tl|tlxs}}, etc |- | {{para|alttext|[text]}} || Use [text] as the label for the template link || {{tlg|alttext=Other|example}} || {{tl|tla}} |- | _show_result || Will also display the result of the template. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_show_result=y}} || |- | _expand || Will add a link to the expanded template page. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_expand=y}} || |} ====Unnamed (Positional)==== This template can take any number of [[unnamed parameter]]s as parameters accompanying the template link (or name); see Examples below. ===Examples=== {{#switch:{{SITENAME}} |Wikipedia|Meta= | ; Note: On the source sister projects, en.wikipedia and Meta, '''X0, X1, X2, …, X9 are sandbox templates''' for experimentation on involved templates that need be in template space. An auto-cleansing software facility exists that might be used to duplicate the facility on other Sister projects. }} {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |style=background-color:transparent;<!-- to see background of <code>...</code> --> | '''Code''' | '''Output''' | '''Remarks''' | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{error|Banner}} template does not exist. Be aware with linking to non-existing templates, although desired. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | ok template does exist | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us</nowiki>}} | Unlimited parameters as one {{tag|nowiki|link=yes}} [[Help:Wikitext#Nowiki|string]] | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | template names are case-sensitive | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | first letter is case-insensitive though | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''{{{1}}}'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|{{spaces}}{{{1}}}{{spaces}}}}| Using {{tl|spaces}} before and after <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code=on}} | &lt;code&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode=on}} | plaincode style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd=on}} | &lt;kbd&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on}} | bold link/name | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic=on}} | parameter/s in italics | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace=on}} | all braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside=on}} | inside braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext{{=}}x0 link}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext=x0 link}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on|code=on|brace=on}} | No reason you can't combine multiple parameter settings | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold=on|code=on|one|two}} | Can combine named and anonymous parameters … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold=on|code=on}} | … in any order … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three}} | … even intermixed … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three|italic=on}} | … with many different configurations. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}}} | {{{1|tlg}}} | with no arguments, the current page name is substituted | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x=u}} | '''{{=}}''' won't work | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&amp;#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{align|right|<code>&amp;#61;</code> is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x{{=}}u}} | {{align|right|<code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> is okay (see [[:template:=|template equal sign]])}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&lt;nowiki&gt;&#61;&lt;/nowiki&gt;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>=</nowiki>u}} | {{align|right|sticky nowiki is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki />|two|<nowiki />|<nowiki />}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2||two||}} | empty parameters work too, even at the end | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki>3=two</nowiki>|<nowiki>2=one</nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|3=two|2=one}} | {{align|right|right to left okay}} }} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (default) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrap=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrapname=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 1jnxbfoa5ikwn6zains39ycrozzze9s 10 10742 83773 2022-05-18T10:21:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Inyandikorugero:Tlg wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link general]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} d518m7xmhh0adtbmlax9qcbwjgcojk0 10 10743 83774 2022-05-18T10:22:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link general wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#Invoke:Template link general|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ht2690br0leipyuut1905i54vi2rr01 10 10744 83775 2022-05-18T10:22:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link general/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }}, is used to provide stylized formatting to template displays without actually using the template itself. ===Parameters=== With the exception of {{mono|alttext}}, the named parameters are toggles that are either omitted (default in most cases) or activated (by being assigned a value such as "on", "yes", "true", "include", etc.). They may be included in any order ([[#Examples|see Examples below]]). Certain templates have the parameter "on" by default; see [[#General-purpose formatting|the main table]] for all alternate options. {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter || Action || Use with<br>{{t|example}} || Default active |- | || Default (without accessory parameters) || {{tlg|example}} || |- | brace || Include braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || Include innermost braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || Renders the template link/name in '''bold''' || {{tlg|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}}, {{tl|tlxb}} |- | code || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code}}]] tags ([[monospaced font]]) || {{tlg|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}}, {{tl|Template link expanded}}, etc. |- | italic || Display any parameters accompanying the template link/name in ''italics'' ||| {{tlg|italic=yes|example|param}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#kbd|{{tag|kbd}}]] tags (monospaced font) || {{tlg|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || Don't render the template name as a link || {{tlg|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}}, {{t|tnull}} |- | nowrap || Prevent the insertion of line breaks ([[word wrap]]) in the output || {{tlg|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || Prevent word wrapping in the output of template name/link (parameters will wrap if needed) || {{tlg|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || Uses {{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background:transparent;"}} || {{tlg|plaincode=yes|example}} || {{tl|tltss}} |- | subst || Include a [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] prefix before the template link/name || {{tlg|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}}, {{tl|tlxs}}, etc |- | {{para|alttext|[text]}} || Use [text] as the label for the template link || {{tlg|alttext=Other|example}} || {{tl|tla}} |- | _show_result || Will also display the result of the template. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_show_result=y}} || |- | _expand || Will add a link to the expanded template page. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_expand=y}} || |} ====Unnamed (Positional)==== This template can take any number of [[unnamed parameter]]s as parameters accompanying the template link (or name); see Examples below. ===Examples=== {{#switch:{{SITENAME}} |Wikipedia|Meta= | ; Note: On the source sister projects, en.wikipedia and Meta, '''X0, X1, X2, …, X9 are sandbox templates''' for experimentation on involved templates that need be in template space. An auto-cleansing software facility exists that might be used to duplicate the facility on other Sister projects. }} {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |style=background-color:transparent;<!-- to see background of <code>...</code> --> | '''Code''' | '''Output''' | '''Remarks''' | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{error|Banner}} template does not exist. Be aware with linking to non-existing templates, although desired. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | ok template does exist | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us</nowiki>}} | Unlimited parameters as one {{tag|nowiki|link=yes}} [[Help:Wikitext#Nowiki|string]] | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | template names are case-sensitive | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | first letter is case-insensitive though | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''{{{1}}}'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|{{spaces}}{{{1}}}{{spaces}}}}| Using {{tl|spaces}} before and after <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code=on}} | &lt;code&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode=on}} | plaincode style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd=on}} | &lt;kbd&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on}} | bold link/name | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic=on}} | parameter/s in italics | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace=on}} | all braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside=on}} | inside braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext{{=}}x0 link}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext=x0 link}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on|code=on|brace=on}} | No reason you can't combine multiple parameter settings | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold=on|code=on|one|two}} | Can combine named and anonymous parameters … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold=on|code=on}} | … in any order … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three}} | … even intermixed … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three|italic=on}} | … with many different configurations. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}}} | {{{1|tlg}}} | with no arguments, the current page name is substituted | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x=u}} | '''{{=}}''' won't work | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&amp;#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{align|right|<code>&amp;#61;</code> is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x{{=}}u}} | {{align|right|<code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> is okay (see [[:template:=|template equal sign]])}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&lt;nowiki&gt;&#61;&lt;/nowiki&gt;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>=</nowiki>u}} | {{align|right|sticky nowiki is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki />|two|<nowiki />|<nowiki />}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2||two||}} | empty parameters work too, even at the end | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki>3=two</nowiki>|<nowiki>2=one</nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|3=two|2=one}} | {{align|right|right to left okay}} }} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (default) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrap=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrapname=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 1jnxbfoa5ikwn6zains39ycrozzze9s 10 10745 83776 2022-05-18T10:23:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Aligned table wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:aligned table|table}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> atstqes86pjj6hoiczcmfvhjlawblhx 10 10746 83777 2022-05-18T10:23:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Aligned table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|icononly=on |Module:Aligned table}} {{high-use|8130}} <!----Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis in Wikidata----> The purpose is of this template is for generating simple tables in locations where [[Help:Table|standard table markup]] is either not possible, without significant use of the {{tlc|!}} magic word (e.g., with a {{tl|sidebar}} template), or cumbersome (due to the repetitive use of specification of the same style statement in each row). This template should <u>not</u> be used to replace [[Help:Table|standard table markup]] in articles. This template is meant to be complementary to {{tl|infobox}} or {{tl|sidebar}}, and <u>not</u> a replacement for {{tl|infobox}} or {{tl|sidebar}}. A simpler method to include a table in a template that does not directly support table markup is to create the table in a sub-template using standard markup and transclude it. == Full syntax == For parameter explanations, see table below. <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Aligned table | cols = | fullwidth = | class = | style = | colwidth = | leftright = | rightleft = | colstyle = | rowstyle = <!--for Cth column:--> | colCwidth = | colCclass = | colCalign = | colCstyle = | colCnowrap = <!--for Rth row:--> | rowRclass = | rowRstyle = | rowRheader = <!--for cell R,C:--> | classR.C = | styleR.C = | (cell 1,1) | (cell 1,2) | ... | ... | (cell 2,1) | (cell 2,2) | ... | ... }} </pre> == Parameters == <div style="overflow:auto;"> {{Aligned table |cols=4 |class=wikitable |style=line-height:1.35em; |colstyle=padding-right:1.0em; |col2width=40.0em |col4style=padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; |row1header=on | Parameter | Description | Examples | Default <!-------Overall--------> | cols | Number of columns in the table. | <code><nowiki> |cols=4 </nowiki></code> | 2 | fullwidth | {{nowrap|If set (to anything, "on", "true", "yes", etc.), ensures table spans entire width available.}} (Effect is to remove border-spacing and add width:100% to the table's styling.) | <code><nowiki> |fullwidth=on </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | class | CSS/[[HTML attribute|HTML class]]/es applied to the table. | <code><nowiki> |class=wikitable &nbsp; |class=infobox</nowiki><br /><nowiki>|class=sortable nowrap &nbsp; |class=sidebar</nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | style | [[CSS styling]] applied to the table. | <code>{{nowrap|<nowiki> |style=width:80%;background:transparent; </nowiki>}}</code> | ''Not set'' | colwidth | Width of each column (or include "width:...;" in <kbd>colstyle</kbd>). | <code><nowiki> |colwidth=6.0em &nbsp; |colwidth=25%</nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | colstyle | CSS styling prepended to the cell style for each column. | <code><nowiki> |colstyle=background:transparent; </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | rowstyle | CSS styling applied to each row. | <code><nowiki> |rowstyle=text-align:center; </nowiki></code> | vertical-align:top; <!-------Columns--------> | leftright | If set (to anything, "on", "true", "yes", etc.) is equivalent to <kbd><nowiki>|col1align=left</nowiki></kbd> and <kbd><nowiki>|col2align=right</nowiki></kbd> | <code><nowiki> |leftright=on </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | rightleft | If set (to anything, "on", "true", "yes", etc.) is equivalent to <kbd><nowiki>|col1align=right</nowiki></kbd> and <kbd><nowiki>|col2align=left</nowiki></kbd> | <code><nowiki> |rightleft=on </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | col{{var|C}}width | CSS width property of cell in column {{var|C}} (or include "width:...;" in <kbd>col{{var|C}}style</kbd>). | <code><nowiki> |col2width=9.0em &nbsp; |col3width=35%</nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | col{{var|C}}class | Classes added to cell in column {{var|C}}. | <code><nowiki> |col1class=hlist </nowiki></code> | '' Not set'' | col{{var|C}}align | CSS text-align property (left{{\}}right{{\}}center) of cell in column {{var|C}}'s cell contents (or include "text-align:...;" in <kbd>col{{var|C}}style</kbd>). | <code><nowiki> |col4align=right </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | col{{var|C}}nowrap | If set (to anything, "on", "true", "yes", etc.) adds "white-space:nowrap;" to the CSS style of cell in column {{var|C}} (i.e., to prevent lines within its cells from wrapping; or include "nowrap" in <kbd>col{{var|C}}class</kbd> or "white-space:nowrap;" in <kbd>col{{var|C}}style</kbd>). | <code><nowiki> |col5nowrap=on </nowiki></code> | | col{{var|C}}style | CSS style appended to cell in column {{var|C}}. | <code><nowiki> |col4style=font-style:italic; </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | col{{var|C}}header | If set (to any value), changes cells in column {{var|C}} to table headers (headings). | <code><nowiki> |col1header=on </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' <!--------Rows----------> | row{{var|R}}class | Classes applied to row {{var|R}}. | <code><nowiki> |row10class=hlist </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | row{{var|R}}style | CSS styling applied to row {{var|R}}. | <code><nowiki> |row2style=font-weight:bold; </nowiki></code> | | row{{var|R}}header | If set (to any value), changes cells in row {{var|R}} to table headers (headings). | <code><nowiki> |row1header=on </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' <!--------Cells---------> | class{{var|R}}.{{var|C}} | Classes applied to cell in row {{var|R}}, column {{var|C}}. Overrides any other class attributions (<kbd>row{{var|R}}class</kbd>, <kbd>col{{var|C}}class</kbd>). | <code><nowiki> |class1.2=adr </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | style{{var|R}}.{{var|C}} | CSS styling applied to cell in row {{var|R}}, column {{var|C}}. Overrides any more general styling (<kbd>leftright</kbd>, <kbd>col{{var|C}}align</kbd>, <kbd>row{{var|R}}style</kbd>, etc). | <code><nowiki> |style5.3=text-align:right; </nowiki></code> | ''Not set'' | {{sans-serif|''Unnamed parameters''}} | Each unnamed parameter is taken to be the next cell in the table, starting at the table's top left corner and working left to right from top to bottom. | <code>{{!}} Azerbaijan {{!}} Malta {{!}} Zaire</code> | ''Not set'' }}</div> == Examples == <pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b }} </pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b }} <pre> {{Aligned table |cols=4 |class=wikitable |col1align=center |col2align=center |col3align=right |col4align=right | AAA | aa | 123 | 12345 | B | bbbbb | 1234 | 2 }} </pre> {{Aligned table |cols=4 |class=wikitable |col1align=center |col2align=center |col3align=right |col4align=right | AAA | aa | 123 | 12345 | B | bbbbb | 1234 | 2 }} <pre> {{Aligned table |class=wikitable |style=width:20em; |col1align=center |col2align=right | AAA | 123 | B | 2 }} </pre> {{Aligned table |class=wikitable |style=width:20em; |col1align=center |col2align=right | AAA | 123 | B | 2 }} <pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable |row1header=y | U | # | l | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b }} </pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable |row1header=y | U | # | l | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b }} <pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable |row1header=y | U | # | l | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b | | | | C | 3 | c }} </pre> {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable sortable |row1header=y | U | # | l | A | 1 | a | B | 2 | b | | | | C | 3 | c }} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Table templates]] }}</includeonly> 9uw4h4rbsklorrk700tbsbcpk3euy7x 828 10747 83778 2022-05-18T10:24:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Aligned table Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{aligned table}} local p = {} local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end function p.table(frame) local args = (frame.args[3] ~= nil) and frame.args or frame:getParent().args local entries = {} local colclass = {} local colstyle = {} local cols = tonumber(args['cols']) or 2 -- create the root table local root = mw.html.create('table') -- add table style for fullwidth if isnotempty(args['fullwidth']) then root :css('width', '100%') :css('border-collapse', 'collapse') :css('border-spacing', '0px 0px') :css('border', 'none') end -- add table classes if isnotempty(args['class']) then root:addClass(args['class']) end -- add table style if isnotempty(args['style']) then root:cssText(args['style']) end -- build arrays with the column styles and classes if isnotempty(args['leftright']) then colstyle[1] = 'text-align:left;' colstyle[2] = 'text-align:right;' end if isnotempty(args['rightleft']) then colstyle[1] = 'text-align:right;' colstyle[2] = 'text-align:left;' end for i = 1,cols do colclass[ i ] = colclass[ i ] or '' colstyle[ i ] = colstyle[ i ] or '' if isnotempty(args['colstyle']) then colstyle[ i ] = args['colstyle'] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] end if isnotempty(args['colalign' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = 'text-align:' .. args['colalign' .. tostring(i)] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'align']) then colstyle[ i ] = 'text-align:' .. args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'align'] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['align' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = 'text-align:' .. args['align' .. tostring(i)] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] end if isnotempty(args['colnowrap' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = 'white-space:nowrap;' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'nowrap']) then colstyle[ i ] = 'white-space:nowrap;' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['nowrap' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = 'white-space:nowrap;' .. colstyle[ i ] end if isnotempty(args['colwidth' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = 'width:' .. args['colwidth' .. tostring(i)] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'width']) then colstyle[ i ] = 'width:' .. args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'width'] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] elseif isnotempty(args['colwidth']) then colstyle[ i ] = 'width:' .. args['colwidth'] .. ';' .. colstyle[ i ] end if isnotempty(args['colstyle' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = colstyle[ i ] .. args['colstyle' .. tostring(i)] elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'style']) then colstyle[ i ] = colstyle[ i ] .. args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'style'] elseif isnotempty(args['style' .. tostring(i)]) then colstyle[ i ] = colstyle[ i ] .. args['style' .. tostring(i)] end if isnotempty(args['colclass' .. tostring(i)]) then colclass[ i ] = args['colclass' .. tostring(i)] elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'class']) then colclass[ i ] = args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'class'] elseif isnotempty(args['class' .. tostring(i)]) then colclass[ i ] = args['class' .. tostring(i)] end end -- compute the maximum cell index local cellcount = 0 for k, v in pairs( args ) do if type( k ) == 'number' then cellcount = math.max(cellcount, k) end end -- compute the number of rows local rows = math.ceil(cellcount / cols) -- build the table content if isnotempty(args['title']) then local caption = root:tag('caption') caption:cssText(args['titlestyle']) caption:wikitext(args['title']) end if isnotempty(args['above']) then local row = root:tag('tr') local cell = row:tag('th') cell:attr('colspan', cols) cell:cssText(args['abovestyle']) cell:wikitext(args['above']) end for j=1,rows do -- start a new row local row = root:tag('tr') if isnotempty(args['rowstyle']) then row:cssText(args['rowstyle']) else row:css('vertical-align', 'top') end if isnotempty(args['rowclass']) then row:addClass(args['rowclass']) end -- loop over the cells in the row for i=1,cols do local cell if isnotempty(args['row' .. tostring(j) .. 'header']) then cell = row:tag('th'):attr('scope','col') elseif isnotempty(args['col' .. tostring(i) .. 'header']) then cell = row:tag('th'):attr('scope','row') else cell = row:tag('td') end if args['class' .. tostring(j) .. '.' .. tostring(i)] then cell:addClass(args['class' .. tostring(j) .. '.' .. tostring(i)]) else if args['rowclass' .. tostring(j)] then cell:addClass(args['rowclass' .. tostring(j)]) elseif args['row' .. tostring(j) .. 'class'] then cell:addClass(args['row' .. tostring(j) .. 'class']) elseif args['rowevenclass'] and math.fmod(j,2) == 0 then cell:addClass(args['rowevenclass']) elseif args['rowoddclass'] and math.fmod(j,2) == 1 then cell:addClass(args['rowoddclass']) end if colclass[i] ~= '' then cell:addClass(colclass[i]) end end if args['style' .. tostring(j) .. '.' .. tostring(i)] then cell:cssText(args['style' .. tostring(j) .. '.' .. tostring(i)]) else if args['rowstyle' .. tostring(j)] then cell:cssText(args['rowstyle' .. tostring(j)]) elseif args['rowevenstyle'] and math.fmod(j,2) == 0 then cell:cssText(args['rowevenstyle']) elseif args['rowoddstyle'] and math.fmod(j,2) == 1 then cell:cssText(args['rowoddstyle']) elseif args['row' .. tostring(j) .. 'style'] then cell:cssText(args['row' .. tostring(j) .. 'style']) end if isnotempty(colstyle[i]) then cell:cssText(colstyle[i]) end end cell:wikitext(mw.ustring.gsub(args[cols*(j - 1) + i] or '', '^(.-)%s*$', '%1') or '') end end -- return the root table return tostring(root) end return p m9dwn0950shw2aiodgy0z837cvdja2z 828 10748 83779 2022-05-18T10:24:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Aligned table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{module rating|protected}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Implements {{tl|Aligned table}} 77f42pcoavn0sdn406fd6im56fmzuw5 14 10749 83780 2022-05-18T10:25:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Modules subject to page protection wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template category|type=module |help=To add a module to this category, place '''{{tl2|Module rating|protected}}''' in the module's documentation.}} {{module-rating categories}} [[Category:Modules by development status]] {{CatAutoTOC}} 837t79bqia0wrz9keei06swiwijfprq 10 10750 83781 2022-05-18T10:26:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template category wikitext text/x-wiki {{{onright|{{{rhs|}}}}}} {{Cmbox | type = notice | style = padding-bottom:0.5em; | image = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|[[File:Lua-logo-nolabel.svg|44px|Lua logo|alt=Lua logo|link=]]|[[File:Curly Brackets.svg|44px|Template braces|alt=|link=]]}} | text = <div style="width:98%;"><!-- Container-category message -->{{yesno|1={{{container|}}} |yes=<div style="font-size:115%;padding:0.5em 0;"> '''''Note: Please do not add {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|modules|templates}} to this category; instead, use one of its subcategories.'''''{{category other|[[Category:Container categories]]}}</div> }}<!-- (type/)topic/description -->{{#if:{{{topic|}}}{{{description|}}} | <div style="background:#d5e4ed;line-height:1.5em;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:120%;padding:0.35em;"> <!-- -->{{#if:{{{topic|}}} |'''{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |navbox|navigation|navigational|infobox|sidebar|stub|={{ucfirst:{{{type}}}}} templates |module=Modules|#default=Templates}} relating to {{{topic}}}.'''&nbsp;{{{1|}}}{{{description|}}} | <div><!--(in case 1/description begins with newline:)--> {{{1|}}}{{{description|}}} </div> }} </div> }}<!-- type --><div style="line-height:1.3em;padding-top:0.3em;"> <!-- -->{{#if:{{{type|}}} <!-- (then:)-->| <div style="font-size:95%;font-weight:bold;"> The pages listed in this category are {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module||meant to be}} <!-- -->{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} | ambox = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Article message boxes|article message box (ambox)]] templates | category header | category heading | catheader | cat header | cathead = [[Wikipedia:Categorization|category]] header templates | campaignbox = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history#Campaignboxes|campaignbox]] templates | conversion = templates that perform [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Unit conversions|conversions]] | external link = templates providing [[Wikipedia:External links|external links]] | formatting = templates that provide [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting|formatting]] | function = function templates{{nobold|, i.e. templates that produce text, images or other elements}} | infobox = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infobox]] templates <!-- | message = [[Wikipedia:Template messages|message]] templates --> | module = [[Wikipedia:Lua|Lua modules]] | meta = [[Help:Metatemplating|metatemplates]] | navigation |navigational |navbox = [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigation]] templates | sidebar = [[WP:SIDEBAR|sidebar]] templates | stub = [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types|stub]] templates | sub = [[Help:Template#Creating and editing templates|subtemplates]]{{nobold|, i.e. templates used by another template or templates}} | timeline = [[Wikipedia:Timeline|timeline]] templates | user | userbox = [[Wikipedia:User templates|user]] templates, including [[Wikipedia:Userboxes|userboxes]] | #default = {{{1|{{{description|}}}}}} | {{{type}}} templates }}. </div><!-- (else:)-->| <div style="font-size:95%;font-weight:bold;"> The pages listed in this category are [[Help:Template|templates]]. </div>}} <div style="font-size:95%;padding:0.15em 0;line-height:1.3em;"> This page is part of [[:Category:Wikipedia administration|Wikipedia's administration]] and not part of the encyclopedia. </div> {{#if:{{{ALTTEXT|}}}|<hr/>{{{ALTTEXT}}}<hr/>}} <!-- Further template category notes --><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:90%;padding-top:0.25em;line-height:1.3em;"> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;font-weight:bold;"> Further {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|module|template}} category notes </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <div> This [[Help:Category|category]] contains pages in the {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|[[Wikipedia:Lua|module namespace]]|[[Wikipedia:Template namespace|template namespace]]}}. It should not be used to categorize [[Wikipedia:What is an article?|articles]] or pages in other [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]]. </div><br/><!-- Help subsection -->{{#if:{{{help|}}}{{{2|}}} <!-- (then:)-->| {{yesno|{{{help|}}} |no={{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div>{{{2}}}</div><br/>}} |yes=<div>{{{help}}}{{{2|}}}</div><br/>|def=<div>{{{help}}}{{{2|}}}</div><br/>}}<!-- (else:)-->| <div> To add a {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|module|template}} to this category: </div> {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|{{Unbulleted list |list_style=padding-left:1.4em; | In the documentation page (usually named "Module:''Name''/doc"), add | {{pad}}<kbd>{{brackets|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</kbd> | to the <nowiki><includeonly></nowiki> section at the bottom of that page. }}|{{Unbulleted list |list_style=padding-left:1.4em; | If the template has a separate documentation page (usually called "{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|module|Module|Template}}:''template name''/doc"), add | {{pad}}<kbd>&#91;&#91;{{FULLPAGENAME}}&#93;&#93;</kbd> | to the <nowiki><includeonly></nowiki> section at the bottom of that page. Otherwise, add | {{pad}}<kbd>&lt;noinclude&gt;&#91;&#91;{{FULLPAGENAME}}&#93;&#93;&lt;/noinclude&gt;</kbd> | to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the code's last character. }} }} }} </div> </div> <!--(end "Further template category notes") --></div> <!--(end of "type" div)--> </div> <!--(end containing div) ## Tracking categories -->{{Category other|<!-- -->{{#if: {{{topic|}}}{{{description|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a topic/description, so all ok -->|[[Category:Template:Template category with no topic or description]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:14}} | {{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia template categories]]}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ghlooyc76ucdwbwh5cmgq4vyjjt4iqi 10 10751 83782 2022-05-18T10:26:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-use}} {{tlx|Template category}} should be placed at the top of categories that contain template pages and their related subcategories. This template populates [[:Category:Wikipedia template categories]]. {{TOC limit|3}} == Usage == ===Syntax=== ; Basic <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Template category |description= }} </pre> ; Full <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Template category | onright = | type = | container = | topic = | description = | ALTTEXT = | help = }} </pre> ===Parameters and examples=== The template may be used without any parameters. {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=With no parameters |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} {{Template category}} {{Hidden end}} The following, however, may be used to make the template more informative: ====''onright''==== <hr/> : Use ''onright'' (or ''rhs'') to place right-aligned boxes beside the template such as {{tl|Portal}} (to provide link/s to related portal/s), {{tl|Commons category}} (to provide a link to the same or a similarly-named Commons category), etc. If more than one box is included, ensure the widest one appears first (see example below) otherwise overlapping may occur. {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''topic'', ''onright'' |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre> {{Template category | topic = the [[United States]] | onright = {{Commons category|United States|the United States}}{{Portal|United States}} }} </pre> {{Template category | topic = the [[United States]] | onright = {{Commons category|United States|the United States}}{{Portal|United States}} }} {{Hidden end}} ====''type''==== <hr/> : Setting ''type'' to one of the following values adds a preset note as to which type of template the category (but not necessarily its subcategories) is meant to contain. The values are: :: '''{{hlist |ambox |campaignbox |(category header |category heading |catheader |cat header |cathead) |conversion |external link |formatting |function |infobox |<s>message</s> |meta |module |(navigation |navigational |navbox) |sidebar |stub |sub |timeline |(user|userbox)}}''' : If ''type'' is set to something other than one of these values, the default "The pages listed in this category are templates" note appears unmodified. {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''type'' alone |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |type=sidebar}}</pre> {{Template category |type=sidebar}} {{Hidden end}} ====''container''==== <hr/> : Set ''container'' as [[Template:Yesno|''true'', ''yes'', etc.]] to identify the category as a [[Wikipedia:Container category|container category]], i.e. a category meant to contain only subcategories. A note requesting that no templates are added to the template category is then included. The category is automatically added to [[:Category:Container categories]]. {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''container'' alone |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |container=true}}</pre> {{Template category |container=true}} {{Hidden end}} : An alternative to using ''container'' is to place {{tl|Container category}} after the {{tl|Template category}} template: {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title={{braces|Container category}} following {{braces|Template category}} |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre> {{Template category | type = ''type'' | topic = ''[[topic]]'' | description = This text supplied by the ''description'' parameter. }} {{Container category}} </pre> {{Template category | type = ''type'' | topic = ''[[topic]]'' | description = This text supplied by the ''description'' parameter. }} {{Container category}} {{Hidden end}} ====''topic''==== <hr/> : Use ''topic'' to add a default description ending "...relating to ''topic''", where ''topic'' is usually a [[wikilink]] to the main article associated with the category (e.g. [[United States]] for the [[:Category:United States templates]]). {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''topic'' alone |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |topic=the [[United States]]}}</pre> {{Template category |topic=the [[United States]]}} {{Hidden end}} {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''type'', ''topic'' |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |type=infobox |topic=the [[United States]]}}</pre> {{Template category |type=infobox |topic=the [[United States]]}} {{Hidden end}} ====''description''==== <hr/> : Use ''description'' if a customised description is needed instead of&nbsp;– or, if ''topic'' also used, to follow&nbsp;– the default description above. {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''type'', ''topic'', ''description'' |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Template category | type = navbox | topic = [[China]] | description = <br />{{small|For templates relating specifically to the [[People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] or the current [[Taiwan|Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan")]], see, respectively, {{c|People's Republic of China templates}} and {{c|Taiwan templates}}.}} }} </pre> {{Template category | type = navbox | topic = [[China]] | description = <br />{{small|For templates relating specifically to the [[People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] or the current [[Taiwan|Republic of China (ROC, "Taiwan")]], see, respectively, {{c|People's Republic of China templates}} and {{c|Taiwan templates}}.}} }} {{Hidden end}} {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=''description'' alone |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |description=This text is supplied by the ''description'' parameter.}}</pre> {{Template category |description=This text is supplied by the ''description'' parameter.}} {{Hidden end}} ====''help''==== <hr/> : Use ''help'' to replace the instructions on adding a template to the category (second paragraph of the "Further template category notes" section): {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=replace ''help'' text |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |help=This text supplied by the ''help'' parameter.}}</pre> {{Template category |help=This text supplied by the ''help'' parameter.}} {{Hidden end}} : To omit the default instructions, set ''help'' to ''no'': {{Hidden begin |showhide=left |title=omit ''help'' text |bodystyle=font-size:105%;}} <pre>{{Template category |help=no}}</pre> {{Template category |help=no}} {{Hidden end}} == Tracking category== Uses with a topic or description parameter are tracked: * {{clc|Template:Template category with no topic or description}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "onright": { "aliases": [ "rhs" ] }, "type": {}, "container": {}, "topic": {}, "description": { "aliases": [ "1" ] }, "ALTTEXT": {}, "help": { "aliases": [ "2" ] }, "category": {} }, "description": "This template is used as a header for category pages that contain templates." } </templatedata> == See also == {{Other category-header templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Category namespace templates]] [[Category:Tracking templates]] }}</includeonly> 29mmu9ln82oe8nvcyu6gcnz3n550lb2 10 10752 83783 2022-05-18T10:27:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TOC limit wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" /><div class="toclimit-{{{1|{{{limit|3}}}}}}">__TOC__</div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> dwdn99dxyfhkqqw4i3lmafbzsxd31mr 10 10753 83784 2022-05-18T10:27:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TOC limit/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:TOC limit/styles.css}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{High-use| 15719 }} This template inserts a Table of Contents that omits subheadings beyond a certain depth. The table obeys the same layout rules as the <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> [[WP:MAGIC|magic word]]. Omitted sections still have section edit links in the article body. The main use for this template is situations where you want section edit links for ease of editing but don't want a full table of contents. '''Before using this template, consider whether and why it would be helpful to readers and other editors.''' === Usage === {{tlx|TOC limit}} or {{tlx|TOC limit|3}} The template defaults to including second- and third-level headings, e.g. those numbered "1" and "1.1" in the TOC. (Note: {{tlx|TOC limit|1}} does nothing: the first-level heading on a page is, by default, the page title.) You can specify a different limit by adding a header level: {{tlx|TOC limit|4}} 4 allows for fourth-level headings, e.g. "1.1.1", but omits any subheadings below that from the TOC. The template works by hiding the lower levels with CSS. See [[Template:TOC limit/styles.css]]. === TOC levels versus wikitext header levels === The heading levels in the TOC normally correspond to the header levels in the wikitext, so a "== Level-2 header ==" will normally generate the first-level ("1") TOC headings, a "=== Level-3 header ===" will normally generate the second-level ("1.1") TOC headings, and so on. This correspondence does ''not'' hold if the page contains "= Level-1 headers =" or skips header levels. For example, wikitext like this: == Level-2 heading (A) == === Level-3 heading (B) === == Level-2 heading (C) == ====== Level-6 heading (D) ====== = Level-1 heading (E) = == Level-2 heading (F) == === Level-3 heading (G) === will generate a TOC like this: {| class="toc" |<div style="text-align:center"><b>Contents</b></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Level-2 heading (A)</span><ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Level-3 heading (B)</span></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Level-2 heading (C)</span><ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Level-6 heading (D)</span></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Level-1 heading (E)</span><ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Level-2 heading (F)</span><ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Level-3 heading (G)</span></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> |} Using <code><nowiki>{{TOC limit}}</nowiki></code> on this page ''would not'' hide header D, because even though it is a level-6 heading it is shown at the second level in the TOC. And it ''would'' hide header G even though it is a level-3 heading just like header B, because header G is shown at the third level in the TOC while header B is shown at the second level. === Conflicts === This template does not interact well with the {{tl|TOC right}}, {{tl|TOC left}}, {{tl|TOC center}} templates. To achieve the correct effect, use those with a limit parameter. For example, {{tlx|TOC&nbsp;right|2=limit=2}} has the effect that {{tlx|TOC&nbsp;right}} and {{tlx|TOC&nbsp;limit|2}} would have—if they worked together. Due to the way the TOC is generated with MobileFrontend (mobile/tablet view) this template does not currently affect how the mobile TOC is displayed. == TemplateData == <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "limit" ], "label": "Limit", "description": "Maximum header depth to be included in table of contents", "default": "3", "suggested": true, "type": "number" } }, "description": "Inserts a Table of Contents that omits subheadings beyond a certain depth" } </templatedata> ==See also== {{tl|TOC hidden}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 9nfasun7euouh13b0zezonvx2stv0k1 10 10754 83788 83787 2022-05-18T10:32:29Z BevoLJ 10818 */ sanitized-css text/css /* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC; <div class="toclimit-3">, for instance, will limit to showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further (as long as there are no =headings= on the page, which there shouldn't be according to the MoS). */ .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul, .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul, .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul, .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul, .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul, .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul { display: none; } dukhylzy5u0nch1e7qd0k3o7a4x8hiz 10 10755 83789 2022-05-18T10:33:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pre wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Pre/styles.css"/><pre<includeonly></includeonly> class="pre {{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}|no|pre-borderless}}" {{#if:{{{space|}}}{{{width|}}}{{{style|}}}|style="{{#if:{{{space|}}}|white-space: {{{space}}};}} {{#if:{{{width|}}}|width: {{{width}}};}} {{{style|}}}"}}><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}<noinclude>|Sample text</noinclude>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{!}}{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{!}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{!}}{{{4}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{!}}{{{5}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{!}}{{{6}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{!}}{{{7}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{!}}{{{8}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{!}}{{{9}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{!}}{{{10}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{!}}{{{11}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{!}}{{{12}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{!}}{{{13}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{!}}{{{14}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{15|}}}|{{!}}{{{15}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{16|}}}|{{!}}{{{16}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{17|}}}|{{!}}{{{17}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{18|}}}|{{!}}{{{18}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{19|}}}|{{!}}{{{19}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{20|}}}|{{!}}{{{20}}}}}<!-- --></pre><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> ag4dq3te4op8qicgsi5cv62k1c6f8z1 10 10756 83790 2022-05-18T10:34:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pre/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template implements a version of the functionality provided by the [[HTML]] {{tag|pre|o}} tag. ===TemplateData=== <templatedata> { "description": "This template implements a version of the functionality provided by the HTML <pre> tag.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "type": "string", "description": "The text which should be wrapped in pre tags.", "required": true }, "style": { "label": "Style", "type": "string", "description": { "en": "Optional css styling applied to the pre tag" } }, "width": { "label": "Width", "type": "string", "description": { "en": "The width of the pre box" } }, "space": { "label": "Space", "type": "string", "description": { "en": "The way white space is handled in the pre box" } }, "border": { "label": "Border", "type": "string", "description": { "en": "Set to 'no' if there should be no border around the box" } } } } </templatedata> ===Usage=== This template supports two parameters {{para|width}} The width of the pre "box" <br> {{para|space}} The way white space is handled in the pre "box" {{markup |<nowiki>{{Pre| This Pre-format can look like this. }}</nowiki> |{{Pre| This Pre-format can look like this. }} }} Main differences include: * It wraps text that overflows the page. * It allows mid-line-breaks (but not always consistently). Main limitations include: * If the text is a single long word, it won't be wrapped and will still break out to the right hand of the page. * HTML and wikimarkup aren't disabled as in {{tag|pre}} and are rendered as usual (thus if a parameter contains any wikimarkup, enclose it in {{tag|nowiki}}); however, multiple spaces are preserved. As with {{tag|pre|o}} and {{tag|code|o}}, {{tl|pre}} displays text in the font specified as the monospace font in the user's browser options, or specified in the user's CSS pages. ===Example=== '''Markup''' <pre> {{Pre| '''First line, markup working:''' and HTML comment <!--HIDDEN--> hidden. '''Second line, long text wrapping:''' all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy. '''Third line with raw | pipe is handled''', but the space before the pipe is lost. Up to raw 20 pipes are handled, else use <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki></nowiki></nowiki> and {{!}} it's {{!}} OK. '''Fourth line, multiple spaces preserved''' unlike in HTML and wikitext. '''Fifth line, following the previous one'''. '''Last line''' preceded by two blank lines in markup and in display. }} </pre> ; Result {{Pre| '''First line, markup working:''' and HTML comment <!--HIDDEN--> hidden. '''Second line, long text wrapping:''' all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy all work and no play make jack a dull boy. '''Third line with raw | pipe is handled''', but the space before the pipe is lost. Up to raw 20 pipes are handled, else use <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki>{{!}}<nowiki></nowiki></nowiki> and {{!}} it's {{!}} OK. '''Fourth line, multiple spaces preserved''' unlike in HTML and wikitext. '''Fifth line, following the previous one'''. '''Last line''' preceded by two blank lines in markup and in display. }} ===See also=== * {{tl|monodiv}}, a template with similar functionality but without border. * {{tl|tag}} * {{xtag|syntaxhighlight}} * [[HTML element#pre|{{tag|pre|o}}]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> b2wnfftxa15nq0jrwmvfx66wxln0nq5 10 10757 83793 83792 2022-05-18T10:39:29Z BevoLJ 10818 pre-borderless sanitized-css text/css .pre-borderless { border: none; } 3sfvdevcg4lkkyj5gi1u212tzycvdp6 10 10758 83794 2022-05-18T10:40:49Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Category link with count]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category link with count]] 092gm3mu5vr84eif0gc6y7q98csnc9h 10 10759 83795 2022-05-18T10:41:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category link with count wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}}}<!-- -->]]&nbsp;({{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}|{{{2|all}}}}})<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> t44qc0k3i1yz2ecwxpiksck04hyz7rx 10 10760 83796 2022-05-18T10:41:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category link with count/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Template shortcut|clc|CLC}} == About == {{tl|Category link with count}} generates a link to a category followed by the number of pages in the category. It uses the [[mw:Help:Magic words#PAGESINCATEGORY|PAGESINCATEGORY]] [[Help:Magic words#Parser functions|parser function]]. == Usage == One parameter * {{tlc|Category link with count|<var>CATEGORY</var>}} * {{tlc|clc|<var>CATEGORY</var>}} * {{tlc|CLC|<var>CATEGORY</var>}} Two parameters * {{tlc|Category link with count|<var>CATEGORY</var>|<var>TYPE</var>}} * {{tlc|clc|<var>CATEGORY</var>|<var>TYPE</var>}} * {{tlc|CLC|<var>CATEGORY</var>|<var>TYPE</var>}} Name label * {{tlc|Category link with count|<var>Category:Guans (bird)</var>|<nowiki>name=CAT:Guans</nowiki>}} &rarr; * {{clc|Category:Guans (bird)|name=CAT:Guans}} == Examples == Using the template shortcut {{tlx|clc}}: === One parameter === Without "Category&#58;" * {{tlc|clc|Côte-d'Or}} &rarr; {{clc|Côte-d'Or}} With "Category&#58;" * {{tlc|clc|Category:Côte-d'Or}} &rarr; {{clc|Category:Côte-d'Or}} === Two parameters === Without "Category&#58;" * {{tlc|clc|Côte-d'Or|pages}} &rarr; {{clc|Côte-d'Or|pages}} * {{tlc|clc|Côte-d'Or|subcats}} &rarr; {{clc|Côte-d'Or|subcats}} * {{tlc|clc|Côte-d'Or|files}} &rarr; {{clc|Côte-d'Or|files}} With "Category&#58;" * {{tlc|clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|pages}} &rarr; {{clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|pages}} * {{tlc|clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|subcats}} &rarr; {{clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|subcats}} * {{tlc|clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|files}} &rarr; {{clc|Category:Côte-d'Or|files}} ==See also== {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> fjzea2m35y8vjc0ub2za3nyzxxyg0ok 10 10761 83797 2022-05-18T10:42:00Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link code]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link code]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} {{R from high-use template}} {{R from move}} }} 8ipdye4ppl865bi7oqsxa27qaiw88f6 10 10762 83798 2022-05-18T10:42:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link code wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nolink=yes|code=yes|nowrap=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlc}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 0i49ncdivj3996big2nh593ty7aspr8 10 10763 83799 2022-05-18T10:43:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link code/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }}, is used to provide stylized formatting to template displays without actually using the template itself. ===Parameters=== With the exception of {{mono|alttext}}, the named parameters are toggles that are either omitted (default in most cases) or activated (by being assigned a value such as "on", "yes", "true", "include", etc.). They may be included in any order ([[#Examples|see Examples below]]). Certain templates have the parameter "on" by default; see [[#General-purpose formatting|the main table]] for all alternate options. {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter || Action || Use with<br>{{t|example}} || Default active |- | || Default (without accessory parameters) || {{tlg|example}} || |- | brace || Include braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || Include innermost braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || Renders the template link/name in '''bold''' || {{tlg|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}}, {{tl|tlxb}} |- | code || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code}}]] tags ([[monospaced font]]) || {{tlg|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}}, {{tl|Template link expanded}}, etc. |- | italic || Display any parameters accompanying the template link/name in ''italics'' ||| {{tlg|italic=yes|example|param}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#kbd|{{tag|kbd}}]] tags (monospaced font) || {{tlg|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || Don't render the template name as a link || {{tlg|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}}, {{t|tnull}} |- | nowrap || Prevent the insertion of line breaks ([[word wrap]]) in the output || {{tlg|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || Prevent word wrapping in the output of template name/link (parameters will wrap if needed) || {{tlg|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || Uses {{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background:transparent;"}} || {{tlg|plaincode=yes|example}} || {{tl|tltss}} |- | subst || Include a [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] prefix before the template link/name || {{tlg|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}}, {{tl|tlxs}}, etc |- | {{para|alttext|[text]}} || Use [text] as the label for the template link || {{tlg|alttext=Other|example}} || {{tl|tla}} |- | _show_result || Will also display the result of the template. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_show_result=y}} || |- | _expand || Will add a link to the expanded template page. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_expand=y}} || |} ====Unnamed (Positional)==== This template can take any number of [[unnamed parameter]]s as parameters accompanying the template link (or name); see Examples below. ===Examples=== {{#switch:{{SITENAME}} |Wikipedia|Meta= | ; Note: On the source sister projects, en.wikipedia and Meta, '''X0, X1, X2, …, X9 are sandbox templates''' for experimentation on involved templates that need be in template space. An auto-cleansing software facility exists that might be used to duplicate the facility on other Sister projects. }} {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |style=background-color:transparent;<!-- to see background of <code>...</code> --> | '''Code''' | '''Output''' | '''Remarks''' | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{error|Banner}} template does not exist. Be aware with linking to non-existing templates, although desired. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | ok template does exist | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us</nowiki>}} | Unlimited parameters as one {{tag|nowiki|link=yes}} [[Help:Wikitext#Nowiki|string]] | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | template names are case-sensitive | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | first letter is case-insensitive though | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''{{{1}}}'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|{{spaces}}{{{1}}}{{spaces}}}}| Using {{tl|spaces}} before and after <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code=on}} | &lt;code&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode=on}} | plaincode style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd=on}} | &lt;kbd&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on}} | bold link/name | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic=on}} | parameter/s in italics | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace=on}} | all braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside=on}} | inside braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext{{=}}x0 link}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext=x0 link}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on|code=on|brace=on}} | No reason you can't combine multiple parameter settings | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold=on|code=on|one|two}} | Can combine named and anonymous parameters … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold=on|code=on}} | … in any order … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three}} | … even intermixed … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three|italic=on}} | … with many different configurations. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}}} | {{{1|tlg}}} | with no arguments, the current page name is substituted | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x=u}} | '''{{=}}''' won't work | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&amp;#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{align|right|<code>&amp;#61;</code> is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x{{=}}u}} | {{align|right|<code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> is okay (see [[:template:=|template equal sign]])}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&lt;nowiki&gt;&#61;&lt;/nowiki&gt;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>=</nowiki>u}} | {{align|right|sticky nowiki is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki />|two|<nowiki />|<nowiki />}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2||two||}} | empty parameters work too, even at the end | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki>3=two</nowiki>|<nowiki>2=one</nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|3=two|2=one}} | {{align|right|right to left okay}} }} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (default) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrap=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrapname=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 1jnxbfoa5ikwn6zains39ycrozzze9s 0 10764 83800 2022-05-18T10:56:32Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Rema Rema.gif|thumb|Kugabanya Imwuka mibi yangiza ibidukikije]] Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) yo mu 2021, igaragaza ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere igira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu ndetse 40% by’iyo myuka ikomoka mu binyabiziga. == [https://www.rema.gov.rw/home REMA] == Leta y’u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/home</ref> yakomeje guhashya imyuka ihumanya ikirere binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza age..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rema Rema.gif|thumb|Kugabanya Imwuka mibi yangiza ibidukikije]] Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije (REMA) yo mu 2021, igaragaza ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere igira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu ndetse 40% by’iyo myuka ikomoka mu binyabiziga. == [https://www.rema.gov.rw/home REMA] == Leta y’u [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.rema.gov.rw/home</ref> yakomeje guhashya imyuka ihumanya ikirere binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza agenga ikirere yo mu 2016 agena uko hakirindwa iyangirika ry’ikirere, yashyizweho n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije cyo muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], EPA. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kurengera imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abatuye Isi, [https://www.rema.gov.rw/home REMA] yateguye ubukangurambaga buzamara ukwezi, bukazajya bubera mu mpande zitandukanye z’igihugu. Ubu bukangurambaga buzajya bukorerwa mu mihanda itandukanye aho hazajya hafatwa ibipimo by’umwuka usohorwa n’ibinyabiziga ndetse ababitwara bagakangurirwa guhora babyitaho mu rwego rwo kwirinda kuba imbarutso y’iyangirika ry’ikirere.<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangiye-gupima-ibinyabiziga-bifite-imyuka-ihumanya-ikirere</ref> == Ikinyabiziga kizima umwuka mwiza == Intego ni ukugabanya imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ivuye mu binyabiziga, ku bufatanye n’ingeri zose z’Abanyarwanda. Kuri uyu wa Gatanu ku ya 25 Werurwe 2022, wari umunsi wa kabiri w’ubukangurambaga, aho [https://www.rema.gov.rw/home REMA] ku bufatanye na polisi y’Iguhugu y’u Rwanda ndetse n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gitsura Ubuziranenge RSB, babukoreye mu karere ka Nyarugenge, Umurenge wa Kanyinya, akagari ka Nyamweru mu muhanda ugana Shyorongi ndetse no mu muhanda uva Nyabugogo werekeza mu Majyepfo. Insanganyamatsiko y’ubu bukangurambaga iragura iti “'''Ikinyabiziga kizima umwuka mwiza'''.” Ibi bikorwa byo gupima umwuka uva mu modoka, bizajya bikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge agenwa na RSB, aranga ibipimo by’umwotsi ntarengwa ushobora kutangiza ibidukikije uva mu kinyabiziga. Aya mabwiriza ari mu byiciro bitatu bishingiye ku gihe ibinyabiziga bitandukanye byakorewe, nk’uko bitangazwa n’Umukozi wa RSB, mu ishami ripima ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho harimo n’ibikoresho bisohora umwuka .<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangiye-gupima-ibinyabiziga-bifite-imyuka-ihumanya-ikirere</ref> === ICYICIRO CYA MBERE === Icyiciro cya mbere kirebana n’ibinyabiziga bishaje bikabije. Ibinyabiziga byose byasohotse mu ruganda mbere y’umwaka w’i 1992 bibarizwa muri iki cyiciro. Muri iki cyiciro igipimo ntarengwa cy’umwotsi wanduza usohoka mu kinyabiziga ntikigomba kurenga uduce tw’umwuka 2000 kuri miliyoni y’uduce tw’umwuka ikinyabiziga cyohereje mu kirere. === ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI === Icyiciro cya kabiri kibarizwamo ibinyabiziga byakozwe hagati y’umwaka wa 1992 na 2004. Aha igipimo cy’umwuka wanduza ikinyabiziga cyohereza mu kirere ntikigomba kurenga uduce igihumbi kuri miliyoni y’uduce tw’umwuka woherezwa mu kirere. === ICYICIRO CYA GATATU === Icyiciro cya gatatu ari cyo kigaragaramo ibinyabiziga byakoze ariko bidashaje ndetse n’ibinyabiziga bishya, ni ibyakozwe guhera mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza ubu. Muri iki cyiciro, igipimo cy’umwuka wanduza ikinyabiziga cyohereza mu kirere ntikigomba kurenga uduce 600 kuri miliyoni y’uduce tw’umwuka woherezwa mu kirere. === ICYITONDERWA === Icyakora ibi bipimo bifatirwaho, bishobora kongerwa cyangwa kugabanywa bitewe n’intambwe iterwa mu kurwanya icyahumanya ikirere. Mu binyabiziga bitandukanye byafatiwe ibipimo, hagaragaye ibirenza ibipimo bisabwa, ba nyirabyo bagaragaza ibibazo bahura nabyo ndetse n’ibindi bihagaze neza. Ubu bukangurambaga buzamara ukwezi bwateguwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kurengera Ibidukikije REMA, ku bufatanye na polisi y’[[Igihugu]] cy’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na RSB.<ref>https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/hatangiye-gupima-ibinyabiziga-bifite-imyuka-ihumanya-ikirere</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 7dpcy6a277mgx1c35kqgjv2png2ecn3 14 10765 83801 2022-05-18T10:57:11Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere" wikitext text/x-wiki Kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere llzv2gqk90ol1z6pooh3ujgd3768ok2 0 10766 83802 2022-05-18T11:50:41Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Ibidukikijee.jpg|thumb|Ibikikije u Rwanda]] Mu [[Rwanda]], hamwe n[https://embassies.gov.il/Kigali/Pages/default.aspx 'ambasade ya isirayeli] hizihijwe umunsi mpuzamahanga wogukora ubushakashatsi ku bimera, ishyigikira uribyiruko mu gukora ubushakashakatsi ku bimera. Muri iki cyumweru kuya 24/4, kubufatanye urubyiruko n'amabsade ya Isirayeli<ref>https://embassies.gov.il/Kigali/Pages/default.aspx</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] yyifatanyije n'[[isi]] yose kwizihiza umunsi m..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibidukikijee.jpg|thumb|Ibikikije u Rwanda]] Mu [[Rwanda]], hamwe n[https://embassies.gov.il/Kigali/Pages/default.aspx 'ambasade ya isirayeli] hizihijwe umunsi mpuzamahanga wogukora ubushakashatsi ku bimera, ishyigikira uribyiruko mu gukora ubushakashakatsi ku bimera. Muri iki cyumweru kuya 24/4, kubufatanye urubyiruko n'amabsade ya Isirayeli<ref>https://embassies.gov.il/Kigali/Pages/default.aspx</ref> mu [[Rwanda]] yyifatanyije n'[[isi]] yose kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga ngarukamwaka w'isi ( International Mother Earth Day). Umurima ukorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku bimera mu [[Rwanda]] ( Rwanda’s National Herbarium) uherereye muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda]],<ref>https://ur.ac.rw/</ref> ukaba ubonekamo ubwoko bw’ibimera bigera ku bihumbi 17. Itsinda rya banyeshuri ryakusanyije ubwoko bw’ibimera 30, bizaherwaho mu gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ndetse n’inyigo ku ruhare rw’ibimera mu rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibidukikije muri rusange.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/ambasade-ya-israel-mu-rwanda-ishyigikiye-urubyiruko-rukora-ubushakashatsi-ku-bimera</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ikoranabuhanga/ubumenyi/article/ambasade-ya-israel-mu-rwanda-yafunguye-santere-yo-guhanga-udushya-mu-ikoranabuhanga</ref> == Reba == [[Dosiye:Ibidukikije.jpg|thumb|Amazi, ubutaka n'ikirere.]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ubushakashatsi]] rm7283w6c3feojbach2xvumb99sixi8 0 10767 83803 2022-05-18T12:28:04Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:La vachee.jpg|thumb|Inka y'Ifirizone]] [[Dosiye:Captures.gif|thumb|Inka iba nahantu hakonje.]] Ubworozi bw'inka ni imwe muri gahunda ya Leta yu Rwanda ishyize imbere kugirango hazamuke ubushyobozi bwabaturage cyane cyane abari mubucyene bukabije. == AMOKO Y'INKA ZIRI MU RWANDA == === Inka zi firizone === inka zi Firizone Zifite inkomoko mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cy’[[Ubuholandi]] zikunze kugira umukondo muto n’urwakanakana rugufi Zikunze kugira ibara ry’iki..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:La vachee.jpg|thumb|Inka y'Ifirizone]] [[Dosiye:Captures.gif|thumb|Inka iba nahantu hakonje.]] Ubworozi bw'inka ni imwe muri gahunda ya Leta yu Rwanda ishyize imbere kugirango hazamuke ubushyobozi bwabaturage cyane cyane abari mubucyene bukabije. == AMOKO Y'INKA ZIRI MU RWANDA == === Inka zi firizone === inka zi Firizone Zifite inkomoko mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cy’[[Ubuholandi]] zikunze kugira umukondo muto n’urwakanakana rugufi Zikunze kugira ibara ry’ikibamba kandi zigira umubyimba munini. Imbyeyi ipima hagati y’ibiro 550 na 700 mu gihe ibimasa birenza ibiro 1,000. Ni [[inka]] izwiho kugira umukamo mwinshi kurusha izindi z’amata, ariko nayo ikenera ibyo kurya byinshi Inka nkuru ishobora kurya ibiro 50 by’ubwatsi ku munsi. === Jerise === Jerise Niyo nto mu moko y’inka z’amata: imbyeyi ipima ibiro hagati ya 380 na 450. Amata yayo agira amavuta menshi, bakunze kuyita “amata y’umuhondo”. Ikindi ikunze kwihanganira indwara zigaragara mu [[Rwanda]] kurusha izindi nka z’amata. === Burawuni Swisse === Burawuni Swisse (BWAWN SUISS) Ikomoka m'[[Ubusuwisi|ubuSuwisi]] ikamwa amata menshi (ikurikira Firizone), amata yayo aba afatiriye (akomeye) arimo amavuta na proteyine bituma yavamo foromaje nziza.Ibasha kwihanganira kuba ahantu hakonje, ahashyushye ndetse no mu misozi miremire. === Sahiwali === Niyo igira amata menshi mu nka zirangwa n’ipfupfu rinini.<ref>http://spiu-ifad.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/IMYOROROKERE__y_Inka.pdf</ref> == AMASHAKIRO == [[Ikiciro:Inka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] rd06aas3zw2h0fjuch5ek33z7hawejd 14 10768 83804 2022-05-18T12:28:38Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Inka" wikitext text/x-wiki Inka mqomyu25ruhqmggjxu3s2ocsoy0s74b 14 10769 83805 2022-05-18T12:29:11Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ubworozo bw'umwuga" wikitext text/x-wiki Ubworozo bw'umwuga c09drvcddvq6otqagnxbsg5prb5yk2i 0 10770 83806 2022-05-18T13:00:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Capturee.gif|thumb|Inka]] '''Ubworozi bw’inka''' niyo soko y’imibereho ku baturage benshi mu [[Rwanda]], hari iMirenge usanga ufite inka nyinshi , n'inzuri igihumbi.Zirimo inyarwanda zitavangiye ziteze nk’inyambo, iz’inzugu ndetse n’izifite amaraso avanze. == IBINTU BITUMA UMUKAMO W'IYONGERA == === Ubwoko bw'inka. === Ubwoko bw’inka bugira uruhare runini mu kwiyongera kw’umukamo wayo. === Imiterere ya buri bwoko bw'inka === Buri nka igira imiter..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Capturee.gif|thumb|Inka]] '''Ubworozi bw’inka''' niyo soko y’imibereho ku baturage benshi mu [[Rwanda]], hari iMirenge usanga ufite inka nyinshi , n'inzuri igihumbi.Zirimo inyarwanda zitavangiye ziteze nk’inyambo, iz’inzugu ndetse n’izifite amaraso avanze. == IBINTU BITUMA UMUKAMO W'IYONGERA == === Ubwoko bw'inka. === Ubwoko bw’inka bugira uruhare runini mu kwiyongera kw’umukamo wayo. === Imiterere ya buri bwoko bw'inka === Buri nka igira imiterere yihariye n’ ubushobozi bwo kuba yakongera umukamo kimwe n’intungamubiri ziri mu mata.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/ubworozi-bwinka-i-murundi-mu-murenge-ufite-inzuri-1500/</ref> === Umubare w'imbyaro === Iyo inka ibyaye bwa mbere igenda yongera umukamo kugeza nko ku nshuro ya kane, arinaho umukamo utangira kugenda ugabanuka kugeza ku nshuro ya karindwi aho umworozi aba agomba kuyivana mu bworozi. icyo gihe iba igejeje nibura imyaka icumi. === Imirire y'inka ikamwa === Imirire y’inka igira uruhare rukomeye mu kuba umubiri ugira ubushobozi bwinshi cyangwa bucye mu gukora amata. Inka igomba kugaburirwa indyo yuzuye kugirango ibone ibitunga umubiri n’ibyo ikoresha amata.<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/ubukerarugendo/ubworozi-bwinka-i-murundi-mu-murenge-ufite-inzuri-1500/</ref> === Ikirere === Mu gihe cy’ ubushyuhe burengeje (200C -300C) ku nka zitanga umukamo habaho kugabanuka kw’umukamo.<ref>http://spiu-ifad.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/IMYOROROKERE__y_Inka.pdf</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Inka]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] 2c546qi3ujafirxmewti4erfeoxlihk 0 10771 83811 83810 2022-05-18T14:02:47Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Captureg.gif|thumb|Inkoko]] Ubworozi mu Rwanda ni kimwe mubikorwa bitunze abanya[[Rwanda]] Benshi, kandi ubworozi burafahs amu iterambere ry'[[igihugu]].<ref>http://spiu-ifad.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/knowledge/IMYOROROKERE__y_Inka.pdf</ref> == UBWOROZI BURI MU RWANDA == === [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]</ref> === [[Dosiye:Captureee.gif|thumb|Inka]] === [[Ubworozi bw'inka]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw'inka]]</ref> === === [[Uburobyi]]<ref>[[Uburobyi]]</ref> === '''[[Uruvumvu]]'''<ref>[[Uruvumvu]]</ref> [[Dosiye:Capturej.gif|thumb|Uruyuki]] == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] jvkze0ad8ockt3qkz9lf1m6r2e3m49j 0 10772 83817 2022-05-18T19:38:40Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Ihenee.gif|thumb|Ihene]] Amoko y'ihene dufite mu Rwanda ni aya * Ihene y'inyarwanda ( Gakondo) * Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Gala * Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Boer (soma "Gala") * Ihene ya Saanen ( soma "Sanini") * Ihene yitwa Toggenburg (soma "Togenibagi") * Anglo-nubian (soma "Angolonubiyani) * Ibyimanyi: ihene gakndo x ihene z'inzungu.<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/goat/goat_record_keeping</ref><ref>https://www.academia.edu/33588629/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BW..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ihenee.gif|thumb|Ihene]] Amoko y'ihene dufite mu Rwanda ni aya * Ihene y'inyarwanda ( Gakondo) * Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Gala * Ihene yo mu bwoko bwa Boer (soma "Gala") * Ihene ya Saanen ( soma "Sanini") * Ihene yitwa Toggenburg (soma "Togenibagi") * Anglo-nubian (soma "Angolonubiyani) * Ibyimanyi: ihene gakndo x ihene z'inzungu.<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/goat/goat_record_keeping</ref><ref>https://www.academia.edu/33588629/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BWIHENE_ZIGENEWE_KUGURISHWA</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ihene]] slgntznl676frti8t44cfhqd4nkay4x 14 10773 83818 2022-05-18T19:39:13Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ihene" wikitext text/x-wiki Ihene tokvlr3xd6b4twa0we1ndkf90tt39yj 0 10774 83819 2022-05-18T20:11:42Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Menya byinshi bitandukanye ku bworozi bw’ihene, ushobora kuba wibazaga uti ese ihene iba mu kiraro kingana gute? Ese zororoka gute? Hamwe nibindi bibazo byose wibazaga kuri iri tungo nibyo tugiye kukugezaho mubushakashatsi twagukusanyirije wowe uri gusoma iyi nkuru. == [[Amoko y'Ihene|AMOKO Y'IHENE]]<ref>[[Amoko y'Ihene]]</ref> == == UKO IKIRARO KIGOMGA KUBA KIGANA == * Ihene n'abana bayo zikenera metero kare 1,20 * Ihene y'incuke ikenera metero kare 0,60 * ihene ik..." wikitext text/x-wiki Menya byinshi bitandukanye ku bworozi bw’ihene, ushobora kuba wibazaga uti ese ihene iba mu kiraro kingana gute? Ese zororoka gute? Hamwe nibindi bibazo byose wibazaga kuri iri tungo nibyo tugiye kukugezaho mubushakashatsi twagukusanyirije wowe uri gusoma iyi nkuru. == [[Amoko y'Ihene|AMOKO Y'IHENE]]<ref>[[Amoko y'Ihene]]</ref> == == UKO IKIRARO KIGOMGA KUBA KIGANA == * Ihene n'abana bayo zikenera metero kare 1,20 * Ihene y'incuke ikenera metero kare 0,60 * ihene ikuze ikenera metero kare 0.80 * Isekurume ikenera metero kare 2 == KOROROKO == <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ku Ihene 100 zimye, habyara 85 <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ku Ihene 100 zibyara, havuka abana 140 ku nyarwanda na 180 ku za kijyambere <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ihene yima bwa mbere imaze amezi 11-12 ku nyarwanda, amezi 9 ku za kijyambere <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ihaka iminsi 149-152 (amezi 5) <nowiki>*</nowiki> Isekurume imwe ihagije inyagazi 50 kandi itangira kwimya imaze amezi 15 ivutse <nowiki>*</nowiki> Abana b’ihene bacuka bamaze amezi 3 ivutse bitewe n’ubwoko cyangwa uburyo zororrwa <nowiki>*</nowiki> Hagati y’imbyari nindi hacamo amezi 9-12 <nowiki>*</nowiki> Abana bihene bavuka bafite kg 2 (isekurume) na kg 1,8 (inyagazi)<ref>https://www.academia.edu/31803761/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BWIHENE_MU_MIRYANGO_YAKIRIYE_ABANA_BIMFUBYI_IKABA_IBARERERA</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ihene nyarwanda ishobora kubangurirwa ku isekurume nyamahanga kugirango ibashe kongera ibiro cyangwa umukamo mwiza <nowiki>*</nowiki> Inyagazi bayikura mu bworozi igihe cyose ifite ibibazo by’ubuzima <nowiki>*</nowiki> Ihene ikurwa mu bworozi igihe cyose igize imbyaro 6 ku ihena za Kinyarwanda, ni 9 ku za kijyambere ubwo iba ifite imyaka irindwi<ref>https://www.academia.edu/31803761/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BWIHENE_MU_MIRYANGO_YAKIRIYE_ABANA_BIMFUBYI_IKABA_IBARERERA</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Ihene]] evwv4xjmonjq26xx884cg0l48rme6ho 0 10775 83820 2022-05-18T20:28:44Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Ihene Nziza.gif|thumb|Ihene]] '''Ubworozi bw'ihene''' ni imwe mu minshinga Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] uri gukoresha ngo igabanye ubucyene no kwihaza mu birirwa no kongera ifumbire y'imborera ikoreshwa mu [[Umurima|mirima]]. == IGABURO == [[Ihene]] zitungwa n’ibyatsi bisanzwe Setariya, tribusakumu, urubingo, n’ibisigazwa by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Zishobora kurya imvange y’ifu iyo umworozi ashobora kuyibona, ibyo bituma icutsa vuba, ibyara kenshi kandi abana baga..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ihene Nziza.gif|thumb|Ihene]] '''Ubworozi bw'ihene''' ni imwe mu minshinga Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] uri gukoresha ngo igabanye ubucyene no kwihaza mu birirwa no kongera ifumbire y'imborera ikoreshwa mu [[Umurima|mirima]]. == IGABURO == [[Ihene]] zitungwa n’ibyatsi bisanzwe Setariya, tribusakumu, urubingo, n’ibisigazwa by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Zishobora kurya imvange y’ifu iyo umworozi ashobora kuyibona, ibyo bituma icutsa vuba, ibyara kenshi kandi abana bagakura neza. '''Dore uko batanga imvange y’ifu''': * Ihene yonsa n’abana bayo zihabwa gr 300 cyangwa 400, * Ihene zicutse zihabwa gr 50 kugera ku 100, * isekurume yimya ihabwa gr 300.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/31803761/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BWIHENE_MU_MIRYANGO_YAKIRIYE_ABANA_BIMFUBYI_IKABA_IBARERERA</ref> == UMUSARURO == * Isekurume ikuze ishobora gupina ibiro 40, * inyagazi igapima kg 30 (ihene za kinyarwanda), * iyo ihene ibazwe itanga inyama zingana na 48% by’ibiro byayo ari nzima, kandi ihene 3 zororewe mu kiraro kimwe zishobora gutanga toni 3 z’ifumbire buri mwaka.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=142</ref> == INDWARA Z'IHENE == '''Inzoka zo munda''': iyi ndwara ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kudakura neza, kuruka , kunanuka, guhinduriza ubwoya no gukorora. Iyi ndwara irwanywa hakoreshejwe kugira isuku n’imiti y’inzoka igihe cyose iyi ndwara yagaragaye. '''Ibinwanwa''' (Ibimwete): Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, urukoko ku mu nwa, ibimwete mu kanywa bishobora gutuma amara abyimba bikazana n’ingorane mu guhumeka. '''Ruhaha''': Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene ntoya n’inkuru igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, gupfuna ibimyira bivanze n’amashyira, guhumeka nabi, guhirita, kutabasha kugenda, umutima ugatera cyane.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=142</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ihene]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] 8nw5fcf1osh2pule88rply52reqo6z8 0 10776 83822 2022-05-18T20:56:52Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urukwavu]] '''Urukwavu''' ni itungo rigufi ryororoka cyane kandi vuba, ntirucuranwa n’abantu ibiryo kuko rushobora gutungwa n’ibyatsi, byaba bibisi cyangwa byumye. Ubworozi bw’inkwavu<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livestocks/rabbit</ref> bya kijyambere bworoshye kubukora ndetse buba bwiza cyane kubafite amikoro make n’intege nke.Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bufite agaciro mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda kuko butanga umusaruro uhagije mu gihe git..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urukwavu]] '''Urukwavu''' ni itungo rigufi ryororoka cyane kandi vuba, ntirucuranwa n’abantu ibiryo kuko rushobora gutungwa n’ibyatsi, byaba bibisi cyangwa byumye. Ubworozi bw’inkwavu<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livestocks/rabbit</ref> bya kijyambere bworoshye kubukora ndetse buba bwiza cyane kubafite amikoro make n’intege nke.Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bufite agaciro mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda kuko butanga umusaruro uhagije mu gihe gito kandi muburyo bworoshye: * tibutwara amafaranga menshi kandi imirimo yabwo ntivunanye * Inyama z’urukwavu zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri * nkwavu zitanga ifumbire nziza kandi nyinshi * Inkwavu ntizororerwa ahantu hanini Ubworozi bw’inkwavu bugoboka vuba ababwitabira kuko bubyara amafaranga vuba kandi n’isoko rikaba riboneka.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == Amoko y’inkwavu aboneka mu Rwanda       == Mu [[Rwanda]] hari amoko atandukanye yínkwavu,itandukaniro rigaragarira ku mabara,ku musaruro no ku biro urunkwavu rupima. Inkwavu zigaragara mu Rwanda ni izi zikurikira:<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livestocks/rabbit</ref> === Newo Zelande === * Ni urukwavu rufite ubwoya bwera kumubiri hose * Urwo rukwavu iyo rukuze rupima hagati y’ibiro 4 na 4,5. * Rurororoka,rubyara hagati y’abana 6-7 rugacutsa 6 * Rugira amaso yiganjemo ibara ritukura === Kaliforuniya === * Urukwavu rw’umweru rugira amabara y’umukara ku matwi, ku maguru, ku murizo no ku munwa * Rubyara abana bazima hagati ya 7-8 rugacutsa 7 * Urukwavu rw’ubu bwoko rukuze rushobora gupima ibiro 3,6 === Inyarwanda === Ubwoko nyarwanda bugira amabara atandukanye ntibukunze kurenza ibiro 3 ariko bushoboye kurwanya irwara.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Urukwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] 51yssd23l1vuweqjkzqzt3qkqyzmbcm 14 10777 83823 2022-05-18T20:57:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Urukwavu" wikitext text/x-wiki Urukwavu gy7r1xv0600othf8mnudxvomlsspagx 10 10778 83829 2022-05-19T00:37:57Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Td]] to [[Inyandikorugero:TextDiff]] as shortcut (fix ancient errors of old wiki) wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:TextDiff]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from modification}} }} jatjxmegu7a9ouzdro1jylo8zcxvstu 10 10779 83830 2022-05-19T00:38:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TextDiff wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Diff|main|{{{1|This is a test}}}|{{{2|This was a test!}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> m51amq46hg9s9fvlgfxk5ywvc3b5m22 828 10780 83831 2022-05-19T00:39:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Diff Scribunto text/plain ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Provides functions for diffing text. -- -- (c) 2007, 2008 Yuri Takhteyev (yuri@freewisdom.org) -- (c) 2007 Hisham Muhammad -- Adapted to MediaWiki LUA: [[User:Ebraminio]] <ebrahim -at- gnu.org> -- -- License: MIT/X, see http://sputnik.freewisdom.org/en/License ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- SKIP_SEPARATOR = true -- a constant IN = "in"; OUT = "out"; SAME = "same" -- token statuses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Split a string into tokens. (Adapted from Gavin Kistner's split on -- http://lua-users.org/wiki/SplitJoin. -- -- @param text A string to be split. -- @param separator [optional] the separator pattern (defaults to any -- white space - %s+). -- @param skip_separator [optional] don't include the sepator in the results. -- @return A list of tokens. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- function split(text, separator, skip_separator) separator = separator or "%s+" local parts = {} local start = 1 local split_start, split_end = mw.ustring.find(text, separator, start) while split_start do table.insert(parts, mw.ustring.sub(text, start, split_start-1)) if not skip_separator then table.insert(parts, mw.ustring.sub(text, split_start, split_end)) end start = split_end + 1 split_start, split_end = mw.ustring.find(text, separator, start) end if mw.ustring.sub(text, start) ~= "" then table.insert(parts, mw.ustring.sub(text, start)) end return parts end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Derives the longest common subsequence of two strings. This is a faster -- implementation than one provided by stdlib. Submitted by Hisham Muhammad. -- The algorithm was taken from: -- http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algorithm_implementation/Strings/Longest_common_subsequence -- -- @param t1 the first string. -- @param t2 the second string. -- @return the least common subsequence as a matrix. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- function quick_LCS(t1, t2) local m = #t1 local n = #t2 -- Build matrix on demand local C = {} local setmetatable = setmetatable local mt_tbl = { __index = function(t, k) t[k] = 0 return 0 end } local mt_C = { __index = function(t, k) local tbl = {} setmetatable(tbl, mt_tbl) t[k] = tbl return tbl end } setmetatable(C, mt_C) local max = math.max for i = 1, m+1 do local ci1 = C[i+1] local ci = C[i] for j = 1, n+1 do if t1[i-1] == t2[j-1] then ci1[j+1] = ci[j] + 1 else ci1[j+1] = max(ci1[j], ci[j+1]) end end end return C end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Formats an inline diff as HTML, with <ins> and <del> tags. -- -- @param tokens a table of {token, status} pairs. -- @return an HTML string. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- function format_as_html(tokens) local diff_buffer = "" local token, status for i, token_record in ipairs(tokens) do token = mw.text.nowiki(token_record[1]) status = token_record[2] if status == "in" then diff_buffer = diff_buffer..'<ins>'..token..'</ins>' elseif status == "out" then diff_buffer = diff_buffer..'<del>'..token..'</del>' else diff_buffer = diff_buffer..token end end return diff_buffer end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Returns a diff of two strings as a list of pairs, where the first value -- represents a token and the second the token's status ("same", "in", "out"). -- -- @param old The "old" text string -- @param new The "new" text string -- @param separator [optional] the separator pattern (defaults ot any -- white space). -- @return A list of annotated tokens. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- function diff(old, new, separator) assert(old); assert(new) new = split(new, separator); old = split(old, separator) -- First, compare the beginnings and ends of strings to remove the common -- prefix and suffix. Chances are, there is only a small number of tokens -- in the middle that differ, in which case we can save ourselves a lot -- in terms of LCS computation. local prefix = "" -- common text in the beginning local suffix = "" -- common text in the end while old[1] and old[1] == new[1] do local token = table.remove(old, 1) table.remove(new, 1) prefix = prefix..token end while old[#old] and old[#old] == new[#new] do local token = table.remove(old) table.remove(new) suffix = token..suffix end -- Setup a table that will store the diff (an upvalue for get_diff). We'll -- store it in the reverse order to allow for tail calls. We'll also keep -- in this table functions to handle different events. local rev_diff = { put = function(self, token, type) table.insert(self, {token,type}) end, ins = function(self, token) self:put(token, IN) end, del = function(self, token) self:put(token, OUT) end, same = function(self, token) if token then self:put(token, SAME) end end, } -- Put the suffix as the first token (we are storing the diff in the -- reverse order) rev_diff:same(suffix) -- Define a function that will scan the LCS matrix backwards and build the -- diff output recursively. local function get_diff(C, old, new, i, j) local old_i = old[i] local new_j = new[j] if i >= 1 and j >= 1 and old_i == new_j then rev_diff:same(old_i) return get_diff(C, old, new, i-1, j-1) else local Cij1 = C[i][j-1] local Ci1j = C[i-1][j] if j >= 1 and (i == 0 or Cij1 >= Ci1j) then rev_diff:ins(new_j) return get_diff(C, old, new, i, j-1) elseif i >= 1 and (j == 0 or Cij1 < Ci1j) then rev_diff:del(old_i) return get_diff(C, old, new, i-1, j) end end end -- Then call it. get_diff(quick_LCS(old, new), old, new, #old + 1, #new + 1) -- Put the prefix in at the end rev_diff:same(prefix) -- Reverse the diff. local diff = {} for i = #rev_diff, 1, -1 do table.insert(diff, rev_diff[i]) end diff.to_html = format_as_html return diff end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wiki diff style, currently just for a line ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- function wikiDiff(old, new, separator) local tokens = diff(old, new, separator) local root = mw.html.create('') local token, status local plusMinusStyle = 'width: 2%; padding: 0.25em; font-weight: bold;' .. 'font-size: 1.25em; text-align: end;' local tdDivStyle = 'word-wrap: break-word; direction: ltr;' local tdSharedStyle = 'width: 48%; border-style: solid; border-radius: 0.33em; ' .. 'padding: 0.33em 0.5em; font-size: 88%; white-space: pre-wrap; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; ' .. '-webkit-border-end-width: 1px; -webkit-border-start-width: 4px; ' .. '-moz-border-end-width: 1px; -moz-border-start-width: 4px;' -- these overrides default border-width for browsers supports them, needed for RTL UI on commons local insDelSharedStyle = 'padding: 0.25em 0; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: initial;' local tr = root:tag('table'):addClass('diff'):css('width', '100%'):tag('tr') tr:tag('td') :addClass('diff-marker') :cssText(plusMinusStyle) :wikitext('−') local deleted = tr :tag('td') :cssText('border-color: #ffe49c; ' .. tdSharedStyle) :addClass('diff-deletedline') :tag('div') :cssText(tdDivStyle) for i, token_record in ipairs(tokens) do token = mw.text.nowiki(token_record[1]) status = token_record[2] if status == OUT then deleted :tag('del') :cssText('background: #feeec8; ' .. insDelSharedStyle) :addClass('diffchange') :addClass('diffchange-inline') :wikitext(token) elseif status == SAME then deleted:wikitext(token) end end tr:tag('td') :cssText(plusMinusStyle) :wikitext('+') local inserted = tr :tag('td') :cssText('border-color: #a3d3ff; ' .. tdSharedStyle) :addClass('diff-addedline') :tag('div') :cssText(tdDivStyle) for i, token_record in ipairs(tokens) do token = mw.text.nowiki(token_record[1]) status = token_record[2] if status == IN then inserted :tag('ins') :cssText('background: #d8ecff; ' .. insDelSharedStyle) :addClass('diffchange') :addClass('diffchange-inline') :wikitext(token) elseif status == SAME then inserted:wikitext(token) end end return tostring(root) end function main(frame) return wikiDiff(mw.text.unstrip(mw.text.decode(frame.args[1])), mw.text.decode(mw.text.unstrip(frame.args[2])), frame.args[3] or '[%s%.:-]+') end return { diff = diff, wikiDiff = wikiDiff, main = main } m2r5y49jmwoghcq4r1gy7ia80igcklx 828 10781 83832 2022-05-19T00:39:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Diff/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|release}} Provides functions for diffing text. __NOTOC__ == Usage == [[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music. ===Difference in words=== {{tlx|TextDiff|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}} Result: {{TextDiff|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}} ===Difference in characters=== {{tlx|StringDiff|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}} Result: {{StringDiff|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}} ===Example with invoke=== <nowiki>{{#invoke:Diff|main|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}}</nowiki> Result: {{#invoke:Diff|main|[[Ciaran Hope]] (born 4 August 1974) is an Irish composer of orchestral, choral, and film music.|[[Ciaran Hope]] (was given birth to on 20 August last year) is an Irish composter of orchestral, oral, and film music dance moves.}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia modules]] }}</includeonly> maxn5dpo1jq8w69a97d8bkdnlg0c26l 10 10782 83834 2022-05-19T00:42:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Para wikitext text/x-wiki <code class="nowrap" style="{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}|border: none; background-color: inherit;}} {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}|color: {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}|#006400|{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}|#8B0000|inherit}}}};}} {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&#61;}}{{{2|}}}</code><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> hmpn0o2dcw0l4w04g6qz1zzyrrqvv3i 10 10783 83835 2022-05-19T00:43:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Para/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Distinguish|Template:Paragraph break|Template:Param}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == This template is for giving examples of [[Wikipedia:Template messages|template]] parameter source code (useful in template documentation and talk page discussions of template code). It must have at least one or two parameters itself. The first parameter is the name of the example parameter to display (this may be ''empty'', but it must be ''present''). The second (optional) parameter is a value for the first example parameter; or, if the first parameter is empty, the second illustrates an example [[Help:Templates#Parameters|unnamed parameter]] (which in some cases may serve as a pre-defined parameter that takes no <code>{{!}}{{=}}{{var|value}}</code> after it, e.g. the {{para||section}} in {{tlx|Refimprove|section}}). === Examples === {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Notes |- | {{tlx|para|name}} | {{para|name}} | |- | {{tlx|para|title|The Oxford English Dictionary}} | {{para|title|The Oxford English Dictionary}} | |- | {{tlx|para|2=<span style="font-size:1pt;">&nbsp;</span>|3=section}} | {{para||section}} | For [[Help:Templates#Parameters|unnamed parameters]]; note empty first parameter in the code |- | <code><nowiki>{{para|{{var|parameter}}|{{var|value}}}}</nowiki></code> | {{para|{{var|parameter}}|{{var|value}}}} | |} When using literal, pre-specified parameter names and values, simply provide them (as in the first through third examples above). When illustrating hypothetical/example parameter names, or variable or user-definable values, use something like {{tlx|var|parameter}} and/or {{tnull|var|value}} (as in the last example above). == Parameters == * {{para|1}} or first unnamed parameter – the parameter name. Give this parameter as explicitly blank and just fill in parameter 2 when you want to show an [[Help:Templates#Parameters|unnamed parameter]] (which, depending on the context, may serve as a valueless parameter name); e.g., {{tnull|para||section}} → {{para||section}} * {{para|2}} or second unnamed parameter – the value name. When the first parameter is given but is blank, the second represents an unnamed parameter's value (or a valueless parameter name), as illustrated above. * {{para|plain|y}} (or any other value besides {{kbd|y}}) – removes the faint border and light-grey background, which may be useful in various situations. The border and text color are set to {{samp|inherit}}, to use the colors of the surrounding text. This parameter cooperates with the two below, in that if either are used, the text will be colorized while the border and background will still be removed. * {{para|mxt|y}} or {{para|green|y}} – to apply the style (green text, but still monospaced as code) that would be applied by {{tlx|mxt}} ("monospaced example text"). This is so that {{tnull|para}} can be used inside a passage of {{tnull|mxt}} content without the {{tag|code|o}} markup inside {{tnull|para}} overriding the color of {{tnull|mxt}}. This parameter cooperates with {{para|plain}} in applying the color but respecting the removal of border and background. * {{para|!mxt|y}} or {{para|red|y}} – same as above, but applies the red of {{tlx|!mxt}}, the "bad monospaced example text" template. * {{para|style}} – to apply arbitrary CSS style, for some specialized contextual purpose. Example: {{para|style|background-color: Yellow;}}. Any color, background-color, or border specified here will override those provided by any of the above parameters, regardless of the order in which the parameters are given in the template. As this template uses a {{tag|span|o}} element, only CSS that can apply to inline elements (not block elements) will work. Like the above parameters, it applies to the entire output. ** If you want to only style the parameter name and/or the value, just do so directly;<br />e.g.: <code><nowiki>{{para|page|{{var|'''single''' page number}}}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{para|page'''''<u>s</u>'''''|{{var|page '''range''', or '''multiple''' individual pages, or both}}}}</nowiki></code><br />gives: {{para|page|{{var|'''single''' page number}}}}, {{para|page'''''<u>s</u>'''''|{{var|page '''range''', or '''multiple''' individual pages, or both}}}} ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Parameter name", "description": "The parameter name. Give this parameter as explicitly blank and just fill in parameter 2 when you want to show an unnamed parameter", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "2": { "label": "Value name", "description": "The value name. When the first parameter is given but is blank, the second represents an unnamed parameter's value (or a valueless parameter name).", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "plain": { "description": "Removes the faint border and light-grey background", "type": "boolean" }, "mxt": {}, "green": {}, "!mxt": {}, "red": {}, "style": { "description": "Apply arbitrary CSS style, for some specialized contextual purpose.", "example": "background-color: Yellow;", "type": "content" } }, "description": "Gives examples of template parameter source code" } </templatedata> == See also == The three tables below describe the family of approximately forty templates built for talking about templates. There are also some related templates or subjects not found in those tables: * {{tlx|Param}}, for markup of examples of parameter names as they would appear in MediaWiki source code of templates, e.g. {{tnull|param|foo}} gives: {{param|foo}} * {{tlx|Tag|...|attribs}}, for markup of examples of HTML elements' attributes and values; e.g. {{tnull|tag|a|attribs{{=}}href{{=}}/demo.php|o}} gives: {{tag|a|attribs=href=/demo.php|o}}<!-- This area creates a more user-friendly gap to clearly isolate area for adding See also entries that are not part of {{tl-nav}}. --> {{Tl-nav}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!------CATEGORIES ETC HERE, PLEASE------> [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> hdjg12blqezgp33zk5407eb9d5d3lm0 10 10784 83837 2022-05-19T00:47:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template redirect wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main|template=yes|redirect=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> rlspkp5wnkjc5ccy5twdlm4zzrtlbql 10 10785 83838 2022-05-19T00:48:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template redirect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{tlr|Template redirects}}{{tsh|tlr}} {{lua|Module:Shortcut}} This template is a [[Wikipedia:Wrapper templates|wrapper]] that prompts {{tl|Template shortcut}} to refer to "redirect/s" rather than "shortcut/s". {{-}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to not add the <code>redirect=no</code> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code>float</code> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code>clear</code> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code>msg</code> is specified.", "default": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "pre": { "label": "Default prefix", "description": "The default prefix", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "pre1": { "label": "Prefix 1", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 1", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Template shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre2": { "label": "Prefix 2", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 2", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Template shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre3": { "label": "Prefix 3", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 3", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Template shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre4": { "label": "Prefix 4", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 4", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Template shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre5": { "label": "Prefix 5", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 5", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Template shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre6": { "label": "Prefix 6", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 6", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Template shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre7": { "label": "Prefix 7", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 7", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Template shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre8": { "label": "Prefix 8", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 8", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Template shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-template-name" }, "pre9": { "label": "Prefix 9", "description": "Prefix for template shortcut 9", "example": "subst:", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Template shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-template-name" } } } </templatedata>}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!--(Categories per [[Template:Template shortcut]]:)--> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]] [[Category:Template documentation]] }}</includeonly> pvq2czk0cqrxmkecurxm1tcoeo8vsou 828 10786 83839 2022-05-19T00:49:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Format TemplateData Scribunto text/plain local TemplateData = { serial = "2017-11-06", suite = "TemplateData" } local plaintext = require("Module:Plain text") --[=[ improve template:TemplateData ]=] local Config = { -- multiple #invoke option names mapped into unique internal fields cat = "strange", classNoNumTOC = "suppressTOCnum", -- classParams = "classTable", cssParams = "stylesTable", cssParWrap = "stylesTabWrap", debug = false, docpageCreate = "suffix", docpageDetect = "subpage", msgDescMiss = "solo", -- classTable = false, -- class for params table loudly = false, -- show exported element, etc. solo = false, -- complaint on missing description strange = false, -- title of maintenance category stylesTable = false, -- styles for params table stylesTabWrap = false, -- styles for params table wrapper subpage = false, -- pattern to identify subpage suffix = false, -- subpage creation scheme suppressTOCnum = false -- class for TOC number suppression } local Data = { div = false, -- <div class="mw-templatedata-doc-wrap"> got = false, -- table, initial templatedata object heirs = false, -- table, params that are inherited less = false, -- main description missing lasting = false, -- old syntax encountered lazy = false, -- doc mode; do not generate effective <templatedata> leading = false, -- show TOC -- low = false, -- 1= mode order = false, -- parameter sequence params = false, -- table, exported parameters scream = false, -- error messages slang = false, -- project language code slim = false, -- JSON reduced to plain source = false, -- JSON input strip = false, -- <templatedata> evaluation tag = false, -- table, exported root element title = false, -- page tree = false -- table, rewritten templatedata object } local Permit = { styles = { required = "border-left: 3px solid black;", suggested = "border-left: 3px solid #888;", optional = "border-left: 3px solid #ccc", deprecated = "border-left: 3px dotted red; background-color: #FDD;", tableheadbg = "background-color: #B3B7FF;" }, params = { aliases = "table", autovalue = "string", default = "string table I18N nowiki", deprecated = "boolean string", description = "string table I18N", example = "string table I18N nowiki", label = "string table I18N", inherits = "string", required = "boolean", suggested = "boolean", suggestedvalues = "table", type = "string" }, root = { description = "string table I18N", format = "string", maps = "table", params = "table", paramOrder = "table", sets = "table" }, search = "[{,]%%s*(['\"])%s%%1%%s*:%%s*%%{", types = { boolean = true, content = true, date = true, line = true, number = true, string = true, unknown = true, url = true, ["wiki-file-name"] = true, ["wiki-page-name"] = true, ["wiki-template-name"] = true, ["wiki-user-name"] = true, ["unbalanced-wikitext"] = true, ["string/line"] = "line", ["string/wiki-page-name"] = "wiki-page-name", ["string/wiki-user-name"] = "wiki-user-name" } } -- -- Generic utility functions -- local function _ne( value ) -- Is string not empty? -- Parameter: -- value -- the value to test -- Return: -- boolean -- whether `value` is truthy and not the empty string return value and value ~= '' end -- _ne local function Fault( alert ) -- Memorize error message -- Parameter: -- alert -- string, error message if Data.scream then Data.scream = string.format( "%s *** %s", Data.scream, alert ) else Data.scream = alert end end -- Fault() local function collapseWhitespace ( a ) -- Collapses whitespace, HTML style. return a:gsub( "%s*\n%s*", " " ) :gsub( "%s%s+", " " ) end -- collapseWhitespace -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- local function facet( ask, at ) -- Find physical position of parameter definition in JSON -- Parameter: -- ask -- string, parameter name -- at -- number, physical position within definition -- Returns number, or nil local seek = string.format( Permit.search, ask:gsub( "%%", "%%%%" ) :gsub( "([%-.()+*?^$%[%]])", "%%%1" ) ) local i, k = Data.source:find( seek, at ) local r, slice, source while i and not r do source = Data.source:sub( k + 1 ) slice = source:match( "^%s*\"([^\"]+)\"s*:" ) if not slice then slice = source:match( "^%s*'([^']+)'%s*:" ) end if ( slice and Permit.params[ slice ] ) or source:match( "^%s*%}" ) then r = k else i, k = Data.source:find( seek, k ) end end -- while i return r end -- facet() local function getLocalizedText( adapt ) -- Retrieve localized text from system message -- Parameter: -- adapt -- string, message ID after "templatedata-" -- Returns string, with localized text return mw.message.new( "templatedata-" .. adapt ):plain() end -- getLocalizedText() local function faculty( adjust ) -- Test template arg for boolean -- adjust -- string or nil -- Returns boolean local s = type( adjust ) local r if s == "string" then r = mw.text.trim( adjust ) r = ( r ~= "" and r ~= "0" ) elseif s == "boolean" then r = adjust else r = false end return r end -- faculty() local function failures() -- Retrieve error collection and category -- Returns string local r if Data.scream then local e = mw.html.create( "span" ) :addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( Data.scream ) r = tostring( e ) mw.addWarning( "'''TemplateData'''<br />" .. Data.scream ) if Config.strange then r = string.format( "%s[[category:%s]]", r, Config.strange ) end else r = "" end return r end -- failures() local function handleNoexportWhitespace( adjust ) -- Reduces runs of spaces, including newlines, to a single space, so the -- whole string is on one line. <noexport> blocks are left alone, but the -- <noexport> tags themselves are removed. -- adjust -- string -- Returns string, with adjusted text local r if adjust:find( "<noexport>", 1, true ) then local i = 1 local j, k = adjust:find( "<noexport>", i, true ) r = "" while j do if j > 1 then r = r .. collapseWhitespace( adjust:sub( i, j - 1 ) ) end i = k + 1 j, k = adjust:find( "</noexport>", i, true ) if j then r = r .. adjust:sub( i, j - 1 ) i = k + 1 j, k = adjust:find( "<noexport>", i, true ) else Fault( "missing </noexport>" ) end end -- while j r = r .. adjust:sub( i ) else r = collapseWhitespace( adjust ) end return r end -- handleNoexportWhitespace() local function faraway( alternatives ) -- Retrieve project language version from multilingual text -- Parameter: -- alternatives -- table, to be evaluated -- Returns -- 1 -- string, with best match -- 2 -- table of other versions, if any local n = 0 local variants = { } local r1, r2 if not Data.slang then Data.slang = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode() end for k, v in pairs( alternatives ) do if type( v ) == "string" then v = mw.text.trim( v ) if v ~= "" then variants[ k ] = v n = n + 1 end end end -- for k, v if n > 0 then for k, v in pairs( variants ) do if v then if n == 1 then r1 = v elseif k:lower() == Data.slang then variants[ k ] = nil r1 = v r2 = variants break -- for k, v end end end -- for k, v if not r1 then local seek = string.format( "^%s-", Data.slang ) for k, v in pairs( variants ) do if v and k:lower():match( seek ) then variants[ k ] = nil r1 = v r2 = variants break -- for k, v end end -- for k, v if not r1 then local others = mw.language.getFallbacksFor( slang ) table.insert( others, "en" ) for i = 1, #others do seek = others[ i ] if variants[ seek ] then r1 = variants[ seek ] variants[ seek ] = nil r2 = variants break -- for i end end -- i = 1, #others end if not r1 then for k, v in pairs( variants ) do if v then variants[ k ] = nil r1 = v r2 = variants break -- for k, v end end -- for k, v end end if r2 then for k, v in pairs( r2 ) do if v then local baseCode = k:match( "^%s*(%a%a%a?)-?%a*%s*$" ) if not baseCode or not mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag( baseCode ) then Fault( string.format( "Invalid <code>lang=%s</code>", k )) end end end -- for k, v end end return r1, r2 end -- faraway() local function fathers() -- Merge params with inherited values local n = 0 local p = Data.params local t = Data.tree.params local p2, t2 for k, v in pairs( Data.heirs ) do n = n + 1 end -- for k, v for i = 1, n do for k, v in pairs( Data.heirs ) do if v and not Data.heirs[ v ] then n = n - 1 t[ k ].inherits = nil Data.heirs[ k ] = nil p2 = { } t2 = { } for k2, v2 in pairs( p[ v ] ) do p2[ k2 ] = v2 end -- for k2, v2 if p[ k ] then for k2, v2 in pairs( p[ k ] ) do if type( v2 ) ~= "nil" then p2[ k2 ] = v2 end end -- for k2, v2 end p[ k ] = p2 for k2, v2 in pairs( t[ v ] ) do t2[ k2 ] = v2 end -- for k2, v2 for k2, v2 in pairs( t[ k ] ) do if type( v2 ) ~= "nil" then t2[ k2 ] = v2 end end -- for k2, v2 t[ k ] = t2 end end -- for k, v end -- i = 1, n if n > 0 then local s for k, v in pairs( Data.heirs ) do if v then if s then s = string.format( "%s &#124; %s", s, k ) else s = "Circular inherits: " .. k end end end -- for k, v Fault( s ) end end -- fathers() local function feasible( about, asked ) -- Create description head -- Parameter: -- about -- table, supposed to contain description -- asked -- true, if mandatory description -- Returns <block>, with head, or nil local para = mw.html.create( "div" ) local plus, r if about and about.description then if type( about.description ) == "string" then para:wikitext( about.description ) else para:wikitext( about.description[ 1 ] ) plus = mw.html.create( "ul" ) if not Config.loudly then plus:addClass( "templatedata-maintain" ) :css( "display", "none" ) end for k, v in pairs( about.description[ 2 ] ) do plus:node( mw.html.create( "li" ) :node( mw.html.create( "code" ) :wikitext( k ) ) :node( mw.html.create( "br" ) ) :wikitext( handleNoexportWhitespace( v ) ) ) end -- for k, v end elseif Config.solo and asked then para:addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( Config.solo ) Data.less = true else para = false end if para then if plus then r = mw.html.create( "div" ) :node( para ) :node( plus ) else r = para end end return r end -- feasible() local function feat() -- Check and store parameter sequence if Data.source then local i = 0 local s for k, v in pairs( Data.tree.params ) do if i == 0 then Data.order = { } i = 1 s = k else i = 2 break -- for k, v end end -- for k, v if i > 1 then local pointers = { } local points = { } for k, v in pairs( Data.tree.params ) do i = facet( k, 1 ) if i then table.insert( points, i ) pointers[ i ] = k i = facet( k, i ) if i then s = "Parameter '%s' detected twice" Fault( string.format( s, k ) ) end else s = "Parameter '%s' not detected" Fault( string.format( s, k ) ) end end -- for k, v table.sort( points ) for i = 1, #points do table.insert( Data.order, pointers[ points[ i ] ] ) end -- i = 1, #points elseif s then table.insert( Data.order, s ) end end end -- feat() local function feature( access ) -- Create table row for parameter, check and display violations -- Parameter: -- access -- string, with name -- Returns <tr> local mode, s, status local fine = function ( a ) s = mw.text.trim( a ) return a == s and a ~= "" and not a:find( "%|=\n" ) and not a:find( "%s%s" ) end local begin = mw.html.create( "td" ) local code = mw.html.create( "code" ) local desc = mw.html.create( "td" ) local legal = true local param = Data.tree.params[ access ] local ranking = { "required", "suggested", "optional", "deprecated" } local r = mw.html.create( "tr" ) local sort, typed for k, v in pairs( param ) do if v == "" then param[ k ] = false end end -- for k, v -- label sort = param.label or access if sort:match( "^%d+$" ) then begin:attr( "data-sort-value", string.format( "%05d", tonumber( sort ) ) ) end begin:css( "font-weight", "bold" ) :wikitext( sort ) -- name and aliases code:css( "font-size", "92%" ) :css( "white-space", "nowrap" ) :wikitext( access ) if not fine( access ) then code:addClass( "error" ) Fault( string.format( "Bad ID params.<code>%s</code>", access ) ) legal = false begin:attr( "data-sort-value", " " .. sort ) end code = mw.html.create( "td" ) :node( code ) if access:match( "^%d+$" ) then code:attr( "data-sort-value", string.format( "%05d", tonumber( access ) ) ) end if type( param.aliases ) == "table" then local lapsus for k, v in pairs( param.aliases ) do code:tag( "br" ) if type( v ) == "string" then if not fine( v ) then lapsus = true code:node( mw.html.create( "span" ) :addClass( "error" ) :css( "font-style", "italic" ) :wikitext( "string" ) ) end code:wikitext( s ) else lapsus = true code:node( mw.html.create( "code" ) :addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( type( v ) ) ) end end -- for k, v if lapsus then s = string.format( "params.<code>%s</code>.aliases", access ) Fault( getLocalizedText( "invalid-value" ):gsub( "$1", s ) ) legal = false end end -- description etc. s = feasible( param ) if s then desc:node( s ) end if param.suggestedvalues or param.default or param.example or param.autovalue then local details = { "suggestedvalues", "default", "example", "autovalue" } local dl = mw.html.create( "dl" ) local dd, section, show, sv for i = 1, #details do s = details[ i ] show = param[ s ] if show then section = getLocalizedText( "doc-param-" .. s ) dt = mw.html.create( "dt" ):wikitext( section ) dd = mw.html.create( "dd" ) if type( show ) == "string" and (string.len(show) < 80) then dt:cssText("float: left;margin-right: 1.6em;") end if param.type == "boolean" then if (type( show ) == "table") then -- "suggestedvalues" for i = 1, #show do sv = show[ i ] if i > 1 then dd:wikitext("&#10;") end if sv == "0" then dd:wikitext("<span style=\"color: #610; font-weight: bold;\">False</span> (<code>0</code>)") elseif sv == "1" then dd:wikitext("<span style=\"color: #050; font-weight: bold;\">True</span> (<code>1</code>)") else dd:tag("code"):wikitext( sv ) end end elseif show == "0" then dd:wikitext("<span style=\"color: #610; font-weight: bold;\">False</span> (<code>0</code>)") elseif show == "1" then dd:wikitext("<span style=\"color: #050; font-weight: bold;\">True</span> (<code>1</code>)") else dd:wikitext( show ) end elseif type( show ) == "table" then -- "suggestedvalues" for i = 1, #show do sv = show[ i ] if i > 1 then dd:wikitext("&#10;") end dd:tag("code"):wikitext( sv ) end else dd:wikitext( show ) end dl:node( dt ) :node( dd ) end end -- i = 1, #details desc:node( dl ) end -- type if param.type then s = Permit.types[ param.type ] typed = mw.html.create( "td" ) if s then if type( s ) == "string" then Data.params[ access ].type = s typed:wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-type-" .. s ) ) :tag( "br" ) typed:node( mw.html.create( "span" ) :addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( param.type ) ) Data.lasting = true else s = getLocalizedText( "doc-param-type-" .. param.type ) typed:wikitext( s ) end else Data.params[ access ].type = "unknown" typed:addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( "INVALID" ) s = string.format( "params.<code>%s</code>.type", access ) Fault( getLocalizedText( "invalid-value" ):gsub( "$1", s ) ) legal = false end else typed = mw.html.create( "td" ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-type-unknown" ) ) end -- status if param.required then mode = 1 if param.deprecated then Fault( string.format( "Required deprecated <code>%s</code>", access ) ) legal = false end elseif param.deprecated then mode = 4 elseif param.suggested then mode = 2 else mode = 3 end status = ranking[ mode ] ranking = getLocalizedText( "doc-param-status-" .. status ) if mode == 1 or mode == 4 then ranking = mw.html.create( "span" ) :css( "font-weight", "bold" ) :wikitext( ranking ) if type( param.deprecated ) == "string" then ranking:tag( "br" ) ranking:wikitext( param.deprecated ) end end -- <tr> r:attr( "id", "templatedata:" .. mw.uri.anchorEncode( access ) ) :cssText( Permit.styles[ status ] ) :node( begin ) :node( code ) :node( desc ) :node( typed ) :node( mw.html.create( "td" ) :attr( "data-sort-value", tostring( mode ) ) :node( ranking ) ) :newline() if not legal then r:css( "border", "#FF0000 3px solid" ) end return r end -- feature() local function features() -- Create <table> for parameters -- Returns <table>, or nil local r if Data.tree and Data.tree.params then local style = Permit.styles.tableheadbg local tbl = mw.html.create( "table" ) :addClass( "wikitable" ) local tr = mw.html.create( "tr" ) feat() if Data.order and #Data.order > 1 then tbl:addClass( "sortable" ) end -- if Config.classTable then -- tbl:addClass( Config.classTable ) -- end if Config.stylesTable then tbl:cssText( Config.stylesTable ) end tr:node( mw.html.create( "th" ) :attr( "colspan", "2" ) :cssText( style ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-name" ) ) ) :node( mw.html.create( "th" ) :cssText( style ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-desc" ) ) ) :node( mw.html.create( "th" ) :cssText( style ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-type" ) ) ) :node( mw.html.create( "th" ) :cssText( style ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-param-status" ) ) ) tbl:newline() -- :node( mw.html.create( "thead" ) :node( tr ) -- ) :newline() if Data.order then for i = 1, #Data.order do tbl:node( feature( Data.order[ i ] ) ) end -- for i = 1, #Data.order end if Config.stylesTabWrap then r = mw.html.create( "div" ) :cssText( Config.stylesTabWrap ) :node( tbl ) else r = tbl end end return r end -- features() local function finalize() -- Wrap presentation into frame -- Returns string local r if Data.div then r = tostring( Data.div ) elseif Data.strip then r = Data.strip else r = "" end return r .. failures() end -- finalize() local function find() -- Find JSON data within page source (title) -- Returns string, or nil local s = Data.title:getContent() local i, j = s:find( "<templatedata>", 1, true ) local r if i then local k = s:find( "</templatedata>", j, true ) if k then r = mw.text.trim( s:sub( j + 1, k - 1 ) ) end end return r end -- find() local function flat( adjust ) -- Remove formatting from text string -- Parameter: -- arglist -- string, to be stripped, or nil -- Returns string, or nil local r if adjust then r = adjust:gsub( "\n", " " ) if r:find( "<noexport>", 1, true ) then r = r:gsub( "<noexport>(.*)</noexport>", "" ) end r = plaintext._main(r) if r:find( "&", 1, true ) then r = mw.text.decode( r ) end end return r end -- flat() local function flush() -- JSON encode narrowed input; obey unnamed (numerical) parameters -- Returns <templatedata> JSON string local r if Data.tag then r = mw.text.jsonEncode( Data.tag ):gsub( "%}$", "," ) else r = "{" end r = r .. "\n\"params\":{" if Data.order then local sep = "" local s for i = 1, #Data.order do s = Data.order[ i ] r = string.format( "%s%s\n%s:%s", r, sep, mw.text.jsonEncode( s ), mw.text.jsonEncode( Data.params[ s ] ) ) sep = ",\n" end -- for i = 1, #Data.order end r = r .. "\n}\n}" return r end -- flush() local function focus( access ) -- Check components; focus multilingual description, build trees -- Parameter: -- access -- string, name of parameter, nil for root local f = function ( a, at ) local r if at then r = string.format( "<code>params.%s</code>", at ) else r = "''root''" end if a then r = string.format( "%s<code>.%s</code>", r, a ) end return r end local parent if access then parent = Data.got.params[ access ] else parent = Data.got end if type( parent ) == "table" then local elem, got, permit, s, scope, slot, tag, target if access then permit = Permit.params if type( access ) == "number" then slot = tostring( access ) else slot = access end else permit = Permit.root end for k, v in pairs( parent ) do scope = permit[ k ] if scope then s = type( v ) if s == "string" then v = mw.text.trim( v ) end if scope:find( s, 1, true ) then if scope:find( "I18N", 1, true ) then if s == "string" then elem = handleNoexportWhitespace( v ) else local translated v, translated = faraway( v ) if v then if translated and k == "description" then elem = { [ 1 ] = handleNoexportWhitespace( v ), [ 2 ] = translated } else elem = handleNoexportWhitespace( v ) end else elem = false end end if v then if scope:find( "nowiki", 1, true ) then elem = mw.text.nowiki( v ) else v = flat( v ) end end else if k == "params" and not access then v = nil elem = nil elseif k == "format" and not access then v = mw.text.decode( v ) elem = v elseif k == "inherits" then elem = v if not Data.heirs then Data.heirs = { } end Data.heirs[ slot ] = v v = nil elseif s == "string" then v = mw.text.nowiki( v ) elem = v else elem = v end end if type( elem ) ~= "nil" then if not target then if access then if not Data.tree.params then Data.tree.params = { } end Data.tree.params[ slot ] = { } target = Data.tree.params[ slot ] else Data.tree = { } target = Data.tree end end target[ k ] = elem elem = false end if type( v ) ~= "nil" then if not tag then if access then if not Data.params then Data.params = { } end Data.params[ slot ] = { } tag = Data.params[ slot ] else Data.tag = { } tag = Data.tag end end tag[ k ] = v end else s = string.format( "Type <code>%s</code> bad for %s", scope, f( k, slot ) ) Fault( s ) end else Fault( "Unknown component " .. f( k, slot ) ) end end -- for k, v else Fault( f() .. " needs to be of <code>object</code> type" ) end end -- focus() local function format() -- Build presented documentation -- Returns <div> local r = mw.html.create( "div" ) local s = feasible( Data.tree, true ) if s then r:node( s ) end if Data.leading then local toc = mw.html.create( "div" ) if Config.suppressTOCnum then toc:addClass( Config.suppressTOCnum ) end toc:css( "margin-top", "0.5em" ) :wikitext( "__TOC__" ) r:newline() :node( toc ) :newline() end s = features() if s then if Data.leading then r:node( mw.html.create( "h2" ) :wikitext( getLocalizedText( "doc-params" ) ) ) :newline() end r:node( s ) end if Data.tree and Data.tree.format then local e, style s = Data.tree.format:lower( Data.tree.format ) if s == "inline" or s == "block" then style = "i" else style = "code" end r:node( mw.html.create( "p" ) :wikitext( "Format: " ) :node( mw.html.create( style ) :wikitext( s ) ) ) end return r end -- format() local function free() -- Remove JSON comment lines Data.source:gsub( "([{,\"'])(%s*\n%s*//.*\n%s*)([},\"'])", "%1%3" ) end -- free() local function full() -- Build HTML table for display from JSON data, and append an invisible -- <templatedata> block. Data.div = mw.html.create( "div" ) :addClass( "mw-templatedata-doc-wrap" ) focus() if Data.tag then if type( Data.got.params ) == "table" then for k, v in pairs( Data.got.params ) do focus( k ) end -- for k, v if Data.heirs then fathers() end end end Data.div:node( format() ) if not Data.lazy then Data.slim = flush() if TemplateData.frame then local div = mw.html.create( "div" ) local tdata = { [ 1 ] = "templatedata", [ 2 ] = Data.slim } Data.strip = TemplateData.frame:callParserFunction( "#tag", tdata ) div:wikitext( Data.strip ) if Config.loudly then -- Display raw templatedata table all the time. Data.div:node( mw.html.create( "hr" ) ) Data.div:node( div ) else -- Creates an expand link to check raw templatedata table. local wrapper = mw.html.create( "div" ) wrapper:addClass( "mw-collapsible" ) wrapper:addClass( "mw-collapsed" ) wrapper:css( "font-size", "85%" ) div:addClass( "mw-collapsible-content" ) wrapper:wikitext( "'''Test of raw TemplateData output''': " ) wrapper:node( div ) Data.div:node( wrapper ) end end end end -- full() local function furnish( adapt, arglist ) -- Called by f, this function is the first to do any real work when the -- module is invoked. -- Parameter: -- adapt -- table, #invoke parameters -- arglist -- table, template parameters -- Returns string --local spy="" local source for k, v in pairs( Config ) do if adapt[ k ] and adapt[ k ] ~= "" then Config[ v ] = adapt[ k ] end end -- for k, v Config.loudly = faculty( arglist.debug or adapt.debug ) --if mw.site.server:find( "//de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org", 1, true ) then -- Config.loudly = true --end Data.lazy = faculty( arglist.lazy ) and not Config.loudly Data.leading = faculty( arglist.TOC ) if arglist.JSON then source = arglist.JSON elseif _ne(arglist.TNT) then local tnt = require("Module:TNT") source = tnt.getTemplateData("Templatedata/" .. mw.text.trim(arglist.TNT)) elseif arglist[ 1 ] then local s = mw.text.trim( arglist[ 1 ] ) local start = s:sub( 1, 1 ) if start == "<" then Data.strip = s elseif start == "{" then source = s elseif mw.ustring.sub( s, 1, 8 ) == mw.ustring.char( 127, 39, 34, 96, 85, 78, 73, 81 ) then -- <DEL> ' " ` U N I Q Data.strip = s end end if not source then Data.title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() source = find() if not source and Config.subpage and Config.suffix and not Data.title.text:match( Config.subpage ) then local s = string.format( Config.suffix, Data.title.prefixedText ) Data.title = mw.title.new( s ) if Data.title.exists then source = find() end end --if source and -- ( source:find( "|", 1, true ) or -- source:find( "}}", 1, true ) ) then -- -- <ref --spy=string.format( "[[category:%s]]", Config.strange ) --end end if not Data.lazy and Config.subpage then if not Data.title then Data.title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end Data.lazy = Data.title.text:match( Config.subpage ) end TemplateData.getPlainJSON( source ) return finalize() --return spy .. finalize() end -- furnish() TemplateData.failsafe = function ( assert ) -- Checks the age of this implementation against some minimum ("assert"). local r if not assert or assert <= TemplateData.serial then r = TemplateData.serial else r = false end return r end -- TemplateData.failsafe() TemplateData.getPlainJSON = function ( adapt ) -- Reduce enhanced JSON data to plain text localized JSON -- Parameter: -- adapt -- string, with enhanced JSON -- Returns string, or not if type( adapt ) == "string" then Data.source = adapt free() Data.got = mw.text.jsonDecode( Data.source ) if Data.got then full() if Data.lasting then Fault( "deprecated type syntax" ) end if Data.less then Fault( Config.solo ) end elseif not Data.strip then Fault( "fatal JSON error" ) end end return Data.slim end -- TemplateData.getPlainJSON() TemplateData.test = function ( adapt, arglist ) TemplateData.frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return furnish( adapt, arglist ) end -- TemplateData.test() -- Export local p = { } p.f = function ( frame ) -- The entry point for templates invoking the module. -- Just wraps furnish in an exception handler. local lucky, result TemplateData.frame = frame lucky, result = pcall( furnish, frame.args, frame:getParent().args ) if not lucky then Fault( "INTERNAL: " .. result ) result = failures() end return result end -- p.f() p.failsafe = function ( frame ) -- Versioning interface local s = type( frame ) local since if s == "table" then since = frame.args[ 1 ] elseif s == "string" then since = frame end if since then since = mw.text.trim( since ) if since == "" then since = false end end return TemplateData.failsafe( since ) or "" end -- p.failsafe() p.TemplateData = function () -- Module interface return TemplateData end return p aqzcjqml7ixo6i24oiqbcb1s0ltetkt 828 10787 83840 2022-05-19T00:49:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Format TemplateData/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{nutshell|To use this module in a documentation page, use {{tl|Format TemplateData}}.<p> The below is an essay on the reasons for this module's existence, and documentation of the module itself.</p>}} {{Lua|Module:Plain text|Module:TNT}} '''<code>TemplateData</code>''' – Module with auxilary functions for template documentation, especially by TemplateData. Core functionality is improved presentation on documentation pages. __TOC__ == {{Anchor|improveMW}} Improve template documentation page – MediaWiki disappointing == For presentation of template depiction in VisualEditor agreement was made to abandon all markup and clickable links, permitting all tooltips in all environments. Basically this is reasonable, albeit tooltips with markup and clickable links are supported as HTML application for decades now and JavaScript is present anyway when VisualEditor is used. * In consequence it was decided, that also presentation on template documentation views never ever is permitted to contain effective links or markup. * That involved, that on many template documentation pages two separated parameter documentation tables are needed and required to be maintained simultaneously: One plain text version for VisualEditor, and a useful one for complex circumstances, with links and markup and lists and tables. – BTW, VisualEditor has not only tooltips, but also a static GUI view, where the lack of deepening links in parameter description is painful. This state is indefensible. === {{Anchor|enhancedJSON}} Improved presentation === In addition to the simple syntax supported by MediaWiki and presented in the VisualEditor, the following features can be added to the JSON code for the template documentation page. They affect the elements classified as ''InterfaceText'', but are only useful for description fields. '''Wikilinks''' (internal format) * Using double square brackets pages can be linked as common. * In VisualEditor, only link title is visible, as it is displayed otherwise. '''External links''' ([[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] format) * Open URL are linked as usual by themselves. In VisualEditor they appear as normal text. * External links enclosed in simple square brackets are displayed normally on the template documentation page. In VisualEditor the title is omitted and the URL is displayed so that the users can c&p it and transfer it to the address field of the browser. There is no other way. '''Apostrophs''' <code>'</code> for italic and bold * They can be used to emphasize on the documentation page and are missing in VisualEditor (regular script). '''HTML entities''' * The following entities can be used: <code style="white-space: nowrap">&amp;lt; &amp;gt; &amp;amp; &amp;quot; &amp;nbsp;</code> and all numeric formats. '''HTML tags''' * HTML tags (and the MediaWiki elements that are not replaced in advance) are removed for the VisualEditor. Otherwise, they remain effective. * Attributes are often included in <code>"</code>, which conflicts with the JSON syntax. It is important to make sure that <code>'</code> is used, which can be a problem with template transclusions. <code>&lt;noexport></code> … <code>&lt;/noexport></code> * The enclosed areas are not exported to the VisualEditor. * More complex wiki syntax and extensive explanations can be restricted to the documentation page. * Within a ''noexport'' area, the line structure of the source text is considered. Otherwise everything is running in a single line, as it would also be represented in the VisualEditor. '''Templates''' * In particular when the template parameter <code>JSON=</code> is used, templates can be distributed anywhere in the JSON code. However, the expanded syntax might collide with the JSON syntax. '''More effects''' * According to the state (required, suggested, optional, deprecated) the table rows are highlighted in light blue, white, gray and pale red. * When sorting by state, this importance is taken into account and not the alphabetical sequence of the keywords. * Each parameter can be addressed as a jump destination. The fragment is <code>#templatedata:</code>''parameter-name''. * Missing labels are highlighted as errors. * A maintenance category is triggered if errors occur. * If there are no parameters, the element <code>params:{}</code> is not required. === Eliminate disadvantages === Two aspects were found to be particularly disturbing in 2013–2017: # Even if no parameters at all were defined, a table head is always displayed for a table without content. Even more, this is sortable. #* A reduction was rejected with {{Phab|Task=126150}}. A sortable table of the parameters would be always necessary, even if the table has no rows at all and consists only of the header row. #* This ridiculous statement led to the development of this module in 2016. # Even if the context does not permit that default values or even AutoValue specifications will be defined ever, a content-free six-line definition list is output for each individual parameter value. #* {{Phab|T125333|article=yes}} / {{Phab|T137443}} / {{Phab|T160254}} / {{Phab|T52512}}<section end="JSONenhanced" /> #* MediaWiki did not even deign to answer the disastrous documentation page situation. The general comments show that MediaWiki only regards the presentation of TemplateData specifications in the VisualEditor as important. However, someone has to program and maintain the templates and someone needs to generate the template description and make it manageable beside the functionality in the VisualEditor form, but that is beyond ken. == General workflow == * An attempt is made to read the JSON object (string) from passed template parameters. * If this failed, the source code of the current and the documentation page is searched for <code>&lt;templatedata></code> elements. * Two representations are obtained from the JSON object input: *# A localized version, markup etc. stripped off, in JSON format. *# An HTML structure, basically similar to the MediaWiki representation, possibly with table of the parameters, with enhanced features. * The result of the template is a visible documentation with markup, followed by a hidden <code>&lt;templatedata></code> element. This is done for the export and corresponds to the MediaWiki guidelines. ** If current page has been identified as documentation page the hidden <code>&lt;templatedata></code> is suppressed, and those pages do not appear separately in [[Special:PagesWithProp/templatedata]]. == {{Anchor|template}} Functions for templates == === Details === ; f {{Anchor|f}} : Improve TemplateData-presentation; used in [[Template:Format TemplateData]] : ''Parameters of template transclusion environment (all optional):''<section begin="templatePar" /> ::; 1 ::: JSON string or <code>&lt;templatedata></code> object ::; JSON ::: JSON string ::: (precedes '''1''') ::: Transition from <code>&lt;templatedata></code> objects with pipe symbols needs special attention: Pipes are to be represented as <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>, on double curly brackets one should be encoded by HTML entity. ::; TOC ::: <code>1</code> – Insert table of contents after general purpose descriptions; but before parameter list, if present ::: [[de:Wikipedia:Lua/Modul/TemplateData/TOC|Example]] ::; lazy ::: <code>1</code> – Presentation only, do not generate an effective data block ::: For general method descriptions. ::; debug ::: <code>1</code> – developer mode<section end="templatePar" /> : ''Parameters of'' <code>#invoke</code> ''for particular project adaption (all optional):'' ::; cat ::: Title of a maintenance category on invalid parameter value etc. ::; debug ::: Development mode, if provided and not equal <code>0</code> ::; docpageCreate ::: Pattern for creation of subpage names; <code>%s/Doku</code> ::; docpageDetect ::: Pattern for recognition of subpage names; <code>/Doku$</code> ::; msgDescMiss ::: Localisation: complaint text on missing <code>description</code> : ''Returns:'' HTML code; and/or error message, probably with <code>class="error"</code> ; failsafe {{Anchor|failsafe}} : Version identification: <code>{{#invoke:Format TemplateData|failsafe}}</code> : Optional additional parameter <code>1</code> – requested minimal version identification :: ''Returns:'' (empty), if minimal version condition not matched === Examples (test page) === A [[:de:Wikipedia:Lua/Modul/TemplateData/Test|test page]] illustrates practical use. == {{Anchor|Lua}} Functions for Lua modules (API) == Some functions described above can be used by other modules: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local lucky, TemplateData = pcall( require, "Module:Format TemplateData" ) if type( TemplateData ) == "table" then TemplateData = TemplateData.TemplateData() else -- failure; TemplateData is the error message return "<span class='error'>" .. TemplateData .. "</span>" end </syntaxhighlight> ; TemplateData.[[#failsafe|failsafe]](atleast) :# atleast<br />''optional''<br />''nil'' or minimal version request : Returns: ''string'' or ''false'' ; TemplateData.getPlainJSON(adapt) : Reduce enhanced JSON information to MediaWiki JSON :# adapt<br /> ''string'', with JSON (enhanced) : Returns: ''string'', with JSON (MediaWiki ) ; TemplateData.test(adapt, arglist) : Simulation of template functionality :# adapt<br /> ''table'', <code>#invoke</code> parameters :# arglist<br /> ''table'', template parameters : Returns: ''string'' == Usage == Currently focusing on one template only: * [[Template:Format TemplateData]] == Dependencies == * [[Module:Plain text]] * [[Module:TNT]] (for the {{para|TNT}} parameter) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> rht8eygz0d6108bjzuo7ienfcudzb80 828 10788 83841 2022-05-19T00:51:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Listify Scribunto text/plain local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs return function (str) str = str or "" str = mw.ustring.gsub(str, "<br%s*/*>", "\n") str = mw.ustring.gsub(str, "<BR%s*/*>", "\n") str = mw.ustring.gsub(str, "^%*", "\n") str = mw.ustring.gsub(str, "\n%*", "\n") local t = {} for s in str:gmatch("([^\n]+)") do table.insert(t, s) end return t end 6qgdb0qrbakhjpoontxfo82lxxoqg8w 10 10789 83842 2022-05-19T00:57:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Anchor wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:anchor|main}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> enb6c4d9v8ozj2bh2wvmo7698r1sot4 10 10790 83843 2022-05-19T00:57:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Anchor/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Anchor}} {{used in system}} {{Bot use warning|bots=[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Cewbot 6|cewbot]]}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE END OF THIS PAGE, ND INTERWIKIS LINKS TO WIKIDATA --> The template <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[{{ns:Template}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> inserts one or more invisible anchor names ([[Fragment identifier|HTML fragment identifiers]]) in a page. The basic format is <code><nowiki>{{anchor|Anchor name}}</nowiki></code>. To link to an anchor from within the same page, use <code><nowiki>[[#Anchor name|display text]]</nowiki></code>. {{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Visible anchor|&nbsp;Unlike {{tl|Anchor}}, the first parameter will be visible text on the page.|}} To link to an anchor from another page, use <code><nowiki>[[Article name#Anchor name|display text]]</nowiki></code>. See [[WP:ANCHOR|Help:Section linking]] for more details. Note that <code><nowiki>#Anchor name</nowiki></code> is not a browser instruction like <code><nowiki>#redirect</nowiki></code>. Anchors are most useful with sections, since links to a section will not work if a section is renamed. However, anchors can be used as needed anywhere in an article. The anchor name can be arbitrary, but the first letter should generally be capitalized in keeping with header style (see [[MOS:HEAD|Manual of Style: Section headers]] for more information). __TOC__ {{anchor|Above-Foo|Foo bar}} == Basic format<span class="anchor" id="Foo"></span><span class="anchor" id="In-Foo"></span><span class="anchor" id="Anchor name 1"></span><span class="anchor" id="Anchor name 2"></span> == {{anchor|Under-Foo}} You can define one or more anchor names, separated by |. This can be useful for alternative spellings, such as "humor" and "humour." In general, substitute an anchor at the end of a section header: <br /><code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>== Section header{{subst:</nowiki>anchor|Anchor name}} ==</code> which will be saved in the article as: <br /><code>== Section header{{code|1={{Anchor|Anchor name}}}} ==</code> Anchor names are case sensitive, so <code><nowiki>[[#Anchor name]]</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>[[#Anchor Name]]</nowiki></code> are not equivalent. When making an anchor, in general capitalize the first letter of the anchor name, and follow the same capitalization guidelines as headers (see [[MOS:HEAD|Manual of Style: Headers]] for more information). == Limitations == {|class="wikitable floatright" !Character ![[Character entity reference|Code]] !Template !Meaning |- |" |<code>&amp;quot;</code> <br /><code>&amp;#34;</code> |{{N/a}} |(double)&nbsp;[[quotation mark]] |- |# |<code>&amp;#35;</code> |{{tl|hash}} |[[Number sign|hash]] |- |&#124; |<code>&amp;#124;</code> |{{tl|!}} |[[Vertical bar|pipe]] |- |&#61; |<code>&amp;#61;</code> |{{tl|{{=}}}} |[[Equals sign|equals]] |} * Anchor names that contain any character shown in the table on the right will not work as expected. However, any of these characters can be replaced with the "&amp;#" codes shown for them here. Or, the pipe symbol and equals sign can be worked around with {{tl|!}} and {{tl|{{=}}}}, respectively. Markup code such as {{tag|sup|o}} and {{tag|sub|o}} (superscript and subscript) cannot be used. Most other characters, including white space and punctuation, are not a problem. * Anchor names must be unique on a page, and must not duplicate any heading titles. Duplicate anchors will not work as expected since the <code><nowiki>#location</nowiki></code> links go to the first anchor with that name. Duplicate anchors result in invalid HTML; you can check for duplicate anchors by running the page through the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]. * Anchor links are case-sensitive in '''some''' browsers, so treat all anchor links as case-sensitive when creating links to them. For example, if you create the anchor with <code><nowiki>=== Baz{{subst:anchor|Bar}} ===</nowiki></code>, link to it with <code><nowiki>[[pagename#Bar]]</nowiki></code>, not <code><nowiki>[[pagename#bAR]]</nowiki></code>. However, because some browsers are '''not''' case-sensitive, do not create section titles or anchors that differ only in case from others on the page. That is, do not create both <code><nowiki>=== Abcd{{subst:anchor|Baz}} ===</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>=== Efgh{{subst:anchor|bAZ}} ===</nowiki></code>. * If a template is left unsubstituted inside a section title ([[#Rationale for substitution in the header|which should never be done]]), then the template code will appear in the edit summary window each time a section edit of that section begins, as in {{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>/* Limitations{{anchor|Issues}} */ New issue</nowiki></code>}}. The editor must manually remove the anchor template from the edit summary window, or else when they save the section, the browser may not return to the section and the section link of that edit in the history page won't work. == Use in tables == {{Warning|To see how to set anchors in tables, see [[Help:Table#Section link or map link to a row anchor]]. Only use this template in tables if you need multiple anchors for the same row.}} Anchors may be used within tables, subject to certain restrictions. The {{tlx|anchor}} template may be used in the caption and cells of a table, but not those portions of a table that are outside the caption and cells. Unlike in section headings, the template does not have to be substituted. It is used on the table's caption thus: <syntaxhighlight lang=text> |+ {{anchor|FooX}} A table caption </syntaxhighlight> and the following forms of cell are valid: <syntaxhighlight lang=text> !{{anchor|Foo1}} A header cell !style="background:white;" |{{anchor|Foo2}} A header cell with styling |{{anchor|Foo3}} A data cell |rowspan=2 |{{anchor|Foo4}} A data cell spanning two rows </syntaxhighlight> You need to ensure that the {{tlx|anchor}} is not in that portion of the markup intended for the classes, styles etc. Thus, {{tlx|anchor}} cannot be placed anywhere on lines that begin with <code><nowiki>{|</nowiki></code> (start of table) or <code><nowiki>|-</nowiki></code> (new row), and the following forms of cell are not valid: <syntaxhighlight lang=text> !{{anchor|Foo1}} |A header cell !style="background:white;" {{anchor|Foo2}} |A header cell with styling |{{anchor|Foo3}} |A data cell |rowspan=2 {{anchor|Foo4}} |A data cell spanning two rows </syntaxhighlight> If it is necessary for an anchor to be in any of these positions, a different technique is used—the <code>id=</code> attribute. This is placed in that portion of the markup where the classes, styles etc. may be used, as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang=text> {| id=FooX class=wikitable |- id=FooY !id=Foo1 |A header cell !style="background:white;" id=Foo2 |A header cell with styling |id=Foo3 |A data cell |rowspan=2 id=Foo4 |A data cell spanning two rows </syntaxhighlight> The <code>id=</code> attribute may appear before, between or after any other attributes that may be present, but only one <code>id=</code> attribute may be used in each of these areas. If <code><nowiki>{{anchor}}</nowiki></code> is placed at the start of a vertically centered cell (which is the default for tables) then links to the anchor will jump to the start of the displayed content and not the top of the cell. This may require the reader to scroll up to fully see other cells in the row. It can be avoided by instead placing <code>id=</code> where the row code starts. == Rationale for substitution in the header<span class="anchor" id="Rationale for placement above header"></span><span class="anchor" id="substitution_reason_anchor"></span> == <!-- The anchor "Rationale for placement above header" is the old name of this section. --> To show why substitution in the header is preferred, the following anchor is placed in the Basic format section header: <br /><code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>== Basic format<span class="anchor" id="Foo"></span><span class="anchor" id="In-Foo"></span> ==</nowiki></code> Since the anchor is actually used on this documentation page, the links [[#Basic format]], [[#Foo]] and [[#In-Foo]] all work and can be tested to see the effect. For contrast, an anchor named [[#Under-Foo]] has also been placed underneath the Basic format section header and can be clicked to illustrate how this placement hides the section title when jumping to the linked target: <br /><code>== Basic format ==<br/><nowiki>{{anchor|Under-Foo}}</nowiki></code> Another anchor named [[#Above-Foo]] has been placed above the section header. This anchor does work correctly, but because the anchor is technically not in the section but before it, it makes editing counter-intuitive. <br/><code><nowiki>{{anchor|Above-Foo}}</nowiki><br/>== Basic format ==</code> Anchors should also never be left unsubstituted within a section header, as this violates [[MOS:HEADINGS]] and causes technical complications. == Explanations and examples == Reasons for the above being best practice are detailed in the following additional, numbered examples, as well as in [[#Limitations|§&nbsp;Limitations]] section: # <code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|Foo<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> <br /> could be linked to with <code><nowiki>[[#Foo|...]]</nowiki></code> from ''within the same article'' (let's call this article "Qux"), <br /> or it could be linked to with {{nowrap|<code><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Qux#Foo<nowiki>|...]]</nowiki></code>}} from ''other'' articles and from redirects (where the ellipsis after the word "Foo" here means the words chosen to represent that link in the Wikipedia article, which, of course, could be anything). # Anchors can be more suitable for inter-article linking than section titles are, because anchors are more stable. For example a section title {{nowrap|1=<code>== Foo ==</code>}} within a Wikipedia article titled <code>Qux</code>: <br /> {{nowrap|1=<code style="color:dimgray;"><nowiki>==</nowiki>{{sp}}<code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Foo bar}}</nowiki></code>{{sp}}Foo <nowiki>==</nowiki></code>}} <br /> Here, links via {{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>[[</nowiki>Qux#Foo bar<nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>}} would remain valid even if the section were renamed {{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>== {{anchor|Foo bar}} On foo and its many friends ==</nowiki></code>}}<br /> A drawback of this approach (as detailed in [[#Limitations|§&nbsp;Limitations]] section) is that having a template in the section header causes problems with the edit summary window each time that a section edit is done for this section. The obvious solution is to place the anchor ''before'' the section name. This also prevents browsers from hiding the section title from view when jumping to the target.<br /> {{anchor|Example-note}}{{em|Note:}} The anchor name (<code>Foo bar</code>) should be different than the section (<code>Foo</code>) to avoid invalid HTML. # Within section titles, it may be preferable to simply use direct HTML, which may be achieved by [[WP:substitution|substitution]] like this:<br /> {{nowrap|1=<code style="color:dimgray;"><nowiki>==</nowiki>{{sp}}<code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>{{subst:anchor|Foo bar}}</nowiki></code> Foo <nowiki>==</nowiki></code>}}<br />which is saved into the article as:<br /> {{nowrap|1=<code style="color:dimgray;"><nowiki>==</nowiki>{{sp}}<code style="color:darkgreen;">{{code|1={{anchor|Foo bar}}}}</code> Foo <nowiki>==</nowiki></code>}}<br />This provides the stable, linkable anchor, but without the edit problem.<br /> The [[#Example-note|Note]] above still applies. See [[#Limitations|§&nbsp;Limitations]] for details. # The template can be used to create multiple anchors with a single call. For example, <br /> {{nowrap|1=<code style="color:darkgreen;"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Foo|Bar|baz}}</nowiki></code>}} <br /> will create three anchors that can then be linked to with <code><nowiki>[[#Foo]]</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>[[#Bar]]</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>[[#baz]]</nowiki></code>. # Here is a more literal example:<br /> Say you wrote an article about a recently discovered Indo-European language called "Yish Yash". The title of your article would probably be "Yish Yash language" (if there were already an article titled "Yish Yash" that covered the culture generally). Now let's say that within your article you wished to have a section titled "The placement of the tongue when producing Yish Yash vowel sounds". You would create a section heading that looked like this:<br />{{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>== The placement of the tongue when producing Yish Yash vowel sounds == </nowiki></code>}}<br />Let's say that you then finished up writing and saved the new article. Now, say you came across another article on Wikipedia titled "Proto-Indo-European vowels" which happened to have a section on the unique tongue placement used in Yish Yash. You decided it might be useful here for readers to be able to quickly access the section of your article on Yish Yash tongue placement when forming vowels; however, you don't want to send them to the beginning of the whole article on the Yish Yash language (you wanted to target them more specifically). So you create a link in the Proto-Indo European vowel article to the ''section'' within ''your'' article on the placement of the tongue in Yish Yash: you might do so by editing the text of the Proto-Indo-European vowel article and adding something like this to a relevant place within it:<br /><code><nowiki>[[Yish Yash language#The placement of the tongue when producing Yish Yash vowel sounds|Yish Yash tongue placement]] is particularly interesting.</nowiki></code><br />That is some ''really'' long code, but it would create a direct link to the relevant section of the new Yish Yash language article and would look like this in the article on Proto-Indo-European vowels:<br /> "...<span style="color:blue;">Yish Yash tongue placement</span> is particularly interesting..." <br /> Now let's say another editor came along and wished to change the heading of this section of your article for some legitimate reason—perhaps to "Yish Yash vowels and the tongue". They could do so by editing your article and making the section heading look like this:<br />{{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>== Yish Yash vowels and the tongue ==</nowiki></code>}}<br />Unbeknownst to that editor, this would mean the link in the article on Proto-Indo-European vowels that you created earlier would now go by default to the top of the Yish Yash article instead of your carefully-chosen subsection! However, if an ''anchor'' were placed within the section heading of the Yish Yash article either when you created it or when the other editor came along and changed it—perhaps something like this:<br />{{nowrap|1= <code><nowiki>== {{subst:anchor|Tongue}} The placement of the tongue when producing Yish Yash vowel sounds ==</nowiki></code>}}<br />or like this:<br />{{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>== {{subst:anchor|Tongue}} Yish Yash vowel–tongue interaction ==</nowiki></code>}}<br />and the text of the article on Proto-Indo-European vowels had been changed by you to something like this:<br />{{nowrap|1=<code><nowiki>[[Yish Yash language#Tongue|Yish Yash tongue placement]] is particularly interesting.</nowiki></code>}}<br />then the link from the Proto-Indo-European article would continue to point to the relevant ''section'' of the Yish Yash article, even if the wording of the section heading there had changed completely and without the reader having to sort it out for themselves. The use of anchors can make for a cleaner, more efficient Wikipedia reading experience where section headings are changed—which they not infrequently are. == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Add HTML anchors to a page. Make a link to your anchor with [[#Anchor on same page]] or [[Page you're linking to#Anchor on that page]]. Every anchor on a page must be different. Do not use the characters \" or # or | or =.", "params": { "1": { "label": "First anchor", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "Name of anchor", "example": "Anchor name 1" }, "2": { "label": "Second anchor", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of anchor" }, "3": { "label": "Third anchor", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of anchor" }, "4": { "label": "Fourth anchor", "description": "To add more than four anchors, go to source editing.", "type": "string", "required": false } }, "format": "inline" }</templatedata> == See also == * {{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Visible anchor|{{tl|Anchor}}|{{tl|Visible anchor}}}} * {{tl|Anchored list}} * {{tl|Anchor comment}} * {{tl|Shortcut}} * [[WP:ANCHOR]] * [[WP:TARGET]] * {{tl|Section link}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia section templates]] [[Category:Templates with no visible output]] }}</includeonly> lk68ylm5sudqv8zm4ajyns82kir2mvf 828 10791 83844 2022-05-19T00:58:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Anchor Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{anchor}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Get the positional arguments from #invoke, remove any nil values, -- and pass them to p._main. local args = getArgs(frame) local argArray = tableTools.compressSparseArray(args) return p._main(unpack(argArray)) end function p._main(...) -- Generate the list of anchors. local anchors = {...} local ret = {} for _, anchor in ipairs(anchors) do ret[#ret + 1] = '<span class="anchor" id="' .. anchor .. '"></span>' end return table.concat(ret) end return p qn9l8z10vmc8ghld7804a9aaffg6g8o 828 10792 83845 2022-05-19T00:58:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Anchor/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This module implements {{tl|anchor}}. Please see the [[Template:Anchor/doc]] page for documentation. hno9apszlkstjxvrwupsf8iwv7rffcv 828 10793 83846 2022-05-19T01:16:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Transclusion count/data/L (Attempt to fix Module:Lua_banner ) Scribunto text/plain return { ["LASTYEAR"] = 642000, ["LAT"] = 3300, ["LCAuth"] = 3200, ["LDSproject"] = 2900, ["LTU"] = 3900, ["LUX"] = 2100, ["LVA"] = 3800, ["La"] = 424000, ["Label"] = 3100, ["LabourProject"] = 3700, ["Lafc"] = 4800, ["Lake_project"] = 5300, ["Lang"] = 304000, ["Lang-ar"] = 39000, ["Lang-az"] = 4000, ["Lang-be"] = 4000, ["Lang-bg"] = 9700, ["Lang-bn"] = 7100, ["Lang-cs"] = 2900, ["Lang-cy"] = 3500, ["Lang-da"] = 3300, ["Lang-de"] = 46000, ["Lang-el"] = 22000, ["Lang-en"] = 17000, ["Lang-es"] = 17000, ["Lang-et"] = 2100, ["Lang-fa"] = 75000, ["Lang-fi"] = 2800, ["Lang-fr"] = 22000, ["Lang-ga"] = 7200, ["Lang-gd"] = 3500, ["Lang-gr"] = 2600, ["Lang-grc"] = 6500, ["Lang-he"] = 16000, ["Lang-hr"] = 2800, ["Lang-hu"] = 7800, ["Lang-hy"] = 6300, ["Lang-it"] = 11000, ["Lang-ja"] = 3800, ["Lang-ka"] = 5100, ["Lang-kk"] = 2200, ["Lang-ko"] = 3400, ["Lang-la"] = 12000, ["Lang-mk"] = 3300, ["Lang-ms"] = 2200, ["Lang-my"] = 4400, ["Lang-ne"] = 3100, ["Lang-nl"] = 4300, ["Lang-no"] = 5500, ["Lang-oc"] = 6400, ["Lang-pl"] = 8200, ["Lang-pt"] = 6200, ["Lang-ro"] = 3400, ["Lang-ru"] = 88000, ["Lang-rus"] = 3100, ["Lang-sl"] = 3700, ["Lang-sq"] = 3300, ["Lang-sr"] = 4800, ["Lang-sr-Cyrl"] = 12000, ["Lang-sr-cyr"] = 6100, ["Lang-sr-cyrl"] = 2900, ["Lang-sv"] = 6100, ["Lang-ta"] = 2500, ["Lang-th"] = 9900, ["Lang-tr"] = 7200, ["Lang-ua"] = 2200, ["Lang-uk"] = 17000, ["Lang-ur"] = 9100, ["Lang-zh"] = 66000, ["Lang2iso"] = 5900, ["Language_with_name"] = 9300, ["Languages"] = 2600, ["Large"] = 9400, ["Large_category_TOC"] = 10000, ["Large_category_TOC/tracking"] = 10000, ["Larger"] = 40000, ["Last_edited_by"] = 59000, ["Last_word"] = 4000, ["LaunchesByYear_header"] = 3200, ["Lc"] = 8400, ["Lead_too_short"] = 9200, ["League_icon"] = 2900, ["Leagueicon"] = 2800, ["Leave_feedback/link"] = 73000, ["Left"] = 5800, ["Legend"] = 26000, ["Legend/styles.css"] = 117000, ["Legend0"] = 5900, ["Legend2"] = 16000, ["Legend_inline"] = 18000, ["LepIndex"] = 12000, ["LepidopteraTalk"] = 56000, ["Letter-NumberCombDisambig"] = 3800, ["Letter-number_combination_disambiguation"] = 4800, ["Libera.Chat"] = 13000, ["Library_link_about"] = 3800, ["Library_resources_box"] = 3900, ["Librivox_author"] = 6300, ["Librivox_book"] = 3400, ["License_migration"] = 63000, ["License_migration_complete"] = 28000, ["License_migration_is_redundant"] = 9200, ["License_migration_not_eligible"] = 7900, ["License_migration_redundant"] = 27000, ["Like"] = 2300, ["Like_resume"] = 3200, ["Likely"] = 4100, ["Line_link"] = 2900, ["Linescore_Amfootball"] = 2100, ["LinkCatIfExists2"] = 54000, ["LinkStatusLocal"] = 42000, ["LinkSummary"] = 233000, ["LinkSummaryLive"] = 12000, ["Link_if_exists"] = 54000, ["Link_note"] = 59000, ["Link_summary"] = 246000, ["Linkcolor"] = 2100, ["Linkless_exists"] = 14000, ["Linksummarylive"] = 3800, ["Linktext"] = 21000, ["List-Class"] = 20000, ["Listen"] = 12000, ["Lists_of_people_editnotice"] = 2300, ["Lit"] = 2600, ["Literal_translation"] = 6000, ["LoMP"] = 4200, ["Location_map"] = 669000, ["Location_map+"] = 23000, ["Location_map_data_documentation"] = 6100, ["Location_map_many"] = 3900, ["Location_map~"] = 22000, ["Log"] = 3900, ["Logo_fur"] = 32000, ["Logo_requested"] = 2900, ["London_Gazette"] = 30000, ["Long_plot"] = 4700, ["Longitem"] = 633000, ["Longlink"] = 6200, ["Look_from"] = 8600, ["Lookfrom"] = 4500, ["Loop"] = 99000, ["Loss"] = 3000, ["Low-Class"] = 15000, ["Low-importance"] = 15000, ["Lower"] = 8000, ["Lowercase"] = 5000, ["Lowercase_title"] = 13000, ["Lowercasetitle"] = 2400, ["Lt"] = 2400, ["Lua"] = 8600, ["Lx"] = 20000, ["Module:Labelled_list_hatnote"] = 504000, ["Module:Lang"] = 1310000, ["Module:Lang-zh"] = 66000, ["Module:Lang/ISO_639_synonyms"] = 1310000, ["Module:Lang/data"] = 1310000, ["Module:Lang/documentor_tool"] = 3300, ["Module:Lang/tag_from_name"] = 2100, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639-1"] = 7100, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639-2"] = 2200, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639-3_(dep)"] = 13000, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639_deprecated"] = 13000, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639_name_to_code"] = 5900, ["Module:Language/data/ISO_639_override"] = 13000, ["Module:Language/data/iana_languages"] = 1310000, ["Module:Language/data/iana_regions"] = 1310000, ["Module:Language/data/iana_scripts"] = 1310000, ["Module:Language/data/iana_suppressed_scripts"] = 1310000, ["Module:Language/data/iana_variants"] = 1310000, ["Module:Large_category_TOC"] = 10000, ["Module:Large_category_TOC/styles.css"] = 10000, ["Module:Latin"] = 8000, ["Module:Librivox_book"] = 3400, ["Module:Lighthouse_tracking"] = 2500, ["Module:List"] = 1360000, ["Module:Listen"] = 12000, ["Module:Location_map"] = 699000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Antarctica"] = 2700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Arkansas"] = 3300, ["Module:Location_map/data/Australia"] = 2100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Australia_New_South_Wales"] = 3500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Australia_Queensland"] = 6100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Australia_South_Australia"] = 2400, ["Module:Location_map/data/Austria"] = 3300, ["Module:Location_map/data/Azerbaijan"] = 4800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"] = 5300, ["Module:Location_map/data/Brazil"] = 4700, ["Module:Location_map/data/California"] = 5500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Canada"] = 4000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Canada_Alberta"] = 2300, ["Module:Location_map/data/Canada_British_Columbia"] = 2700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Canada_Ontario"] = 2400, ["Module:Location_map/data/Croatia"] = 2400, ["Module:Location_map/data/Czech_Republic"] = 6300, ["Module:Location_map/data/Estonia"] = 3000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Europe"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Florida"] = 2500, ["Module:Location_map/data/France"] = 40000, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"] = 4400, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Bourgogne-Franche-Comté"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Grand_Est"] = 5300, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Hauts-de-France"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Normandy"] = 3400, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Nouvelle-Aquitaine"] = 4800, ["Module:Location_map/data/France_Occitanie"] = 4700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Germany"] = 17000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Germany_Bavaria"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Germany_Rhineland-Palatinate"] = 2600, ["Module:Location_map/data/Greece"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Hungary"] = 2800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Illinois"] = 3400, ["Module:Location_map/data/India"] = 22000, ["Module:Location_map/data/India3"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Andhra_Pradesh"] = 2500, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Karnataka"] = 2100, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Kerala"] = 2600, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Maharashtra"] = 2700, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Punjab"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Tamil_Nadu"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_Uttar_Pradesh"] = 2700, ["Module:Location_map/data/India_West_Bengal"] = 4000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Indiana"] = 3500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Iowa"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Iran"] = 46000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Ireland"] = 3500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Italy"] = 12000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Japan"] = 12000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Kenya"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Maine"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Massachusetts"] = 4700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Mexico"] = 3200, ["Module:Location_map/data/Michigan"] = 3700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Minnesota"] = 4600, ["Module:Location_map/data/Nepal"] = 4600, ["Module:Location_map/data/Netherlands"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/New_York"] = 8100, ["Module:Location_map/data/North_Carolina"] = 3500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Norway"] = 4100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Ohio"] = 2100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Pakistan"] = 2800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Pennsylvania"] = 5800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Peru"] = 2800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Philippines"] = 3000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Poland"] = 44000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Queensland"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/Romania"] = 5900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Russia"] = 25000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Russia_Bashkortostan"] = 4500, ["Module:Location_map/data/Russia_Vladimir_Oblast"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/Russia_Vologda_Oblast"] = 4800, ["Module:Location_map/data/Serbia"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/Slovakia"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Slovenia"] = 6600, ["Module:Location_map/data/South_Africa"] = 3000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Spain"] = 7400, ["Module:Location_map/data/Sweden"] = 2700, ["Module:Location_map/data/Switzerland"] = 6100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Syria"] = 2100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Texas"] = 3000, ["Module:Location_map/data/Turkey"] = 6800, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA"] = 105000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Alabama"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Alaska"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Arizona"] = 2100, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Arkansas"] = 3400, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_California"] = 7100, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Florida"] = 3200, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Georgia"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Illinois"] = 3700, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Indiana"] = 3600, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Iowa"] = 3200, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Kentucky"] = 3100, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Maine"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Maryland"] = 2500, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Massachusetts"] = 5100, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Michigan"] = 4100, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Minnesota"] = 4900, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Missouri"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_New_Jersey"] = 2500, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_New_York"] = 9200, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_North_Carolina"] = 4300, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Ohio"] = 2400, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Oregon"] = 2500, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Pennsylvania"] = 7000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Texas"] = 3400, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Virginia"] = 5000, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Washington"] = 2800, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_West_Virginia"] = 4400, ["Module:Location_map/data/USA_Wisconsin"] = 3200, ["Module:Location_map/data/Ukraine"] = 2000, ["Module:Location_map/data/United_Kingdom_Greater_London"] = 2200, ["Module:Location_map/data/Virginia"] = 3900, ["Module:Location_map/data/West_Virginia"] = 4100, ["Module:Location_map/data/Wisconsin"] = 2900, ["Module:Location_map/data/doc"] = 6100, ["Module:Location_map/info"] = 6100, ["Module:Location_map/multi"] = 26000, ["Module:Location_map/styles.css"] = 694000, ["Module:London_Gazette_util"] = 30000, ["Module:Lua_banner"] = 8600, } ewrqcgl623zmzogy5tmio3kqgq5qo2z 14 10794 83847 2022-05-19T01:20:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Lua templates with errors wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|hidden=yes|tracking=yes}} {{empty category}} {{Backlog|10}} This category lists templates containing transclusions of {{tl|Lua}} with errors. [[Category:Wikipedia template parameter issues]] fyluux7t8lsw46wc1ugr2zsdm5h6ksf 828 10795 83848 2022-05-19T01:23:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Arguments/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Used in system}} {{Module rating|p}} This module provides easy processing of arguments passed from #invoke. It is a meta-module, meant for use by other modules, and should not be called from #invoke directly. Its features include: * Easy trimming of arguments and removal of blank arguments. * Arguments can be passed by both the current frame and by the parent frame at the same time. (More details below.) * Arguments can be passed in directly from another Lua module or from the debug console. * Most features can be customized. == Basic use == First, you need to load the module. It contains one function, named <code>getArgs</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs </syntaxhighlight> In the most basic scenario, you can use getArgs inside your main function. The variable <code>args</code> is a table containing the arguments from #invoke. (See below for details.) <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) -- Main module code goes here. end return p </syntaxhighlight> === Recommended practice === However, the recommended practice is to use a function just for processing arguments from #invoke. This means that if someone calls your module from another Lua module you don't have to have a frame object available, which improves performance. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) -- Main module code goes here. end return p </syntaxhighlight> The way this is called from a template is <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Example|main}}</nowiki></code> (optionally with some parameters like <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Example|main|arg1=value1|arg2=value2}}</nowiki></code>), and the way this is called from a module is <syntaxhighlight lang=lua inline>require('Module:Example')._main({arg1 = 'value1', arg2 = value2, 'spaced arg3' = 'value3'})</syntaxhighlight>. What this second one does is construct a table with the arguments in it, then gives that table to the p._main(args) function, which uses it natively. === Multiple functions === If you want multiple functions to use the arguments, and you also want them to be accessible from #invoke, you can use a wrapper function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p[funcName](args) end end p.func1 = makeInvokeFunc('_func1') function p._func1(args) -- Code for the first function goes here. end p.func2 = makeInvokeFunc('_func2') function p._func2(args) -- Code for the second function goes here. end return p </syntaxhighlight> === Options === The following options are available. They are explained in the sections below. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false, valueFunc = function (key, value) -- Code for processing one argument end, frameOnly = true, parentOnly = true, parentFirst = true, wrappers = { 'Template:A wrapper template', 'Template:Another wrapper template' }, readOnly = true, noOverwrite = true }) </syntaxhighlight> === Trimming and removing blanks === Blank arguments often trip up coders new to converting MediaWiki templates to Lua. In template syntax, blank strings and strings consisting only of whitespace are considered false. However, in Lua, blank strings and strings consisting of whitespace are considered true. This means that if you don't pay attention to such arguments when you write your Lua modules, you might treat something as true that should actually be treated as false. To avoid this, by default this module removes all blank arguments. Similarly, whitespace can cause problems when dealing with positional arguments. Although whitespace is trimmed for named arguments coming from #invoke, it is preserved for positional arguments. Most of the time this additional whitespace is not desired, so this module trims it off by default. However, sometimes you want to use blank arguments as input, and sometimes you want to keep additional whitespace. This can be necessary to convert some templates exactly as they were written. If you want to do this, you can set the <code>trim</code> and <code>removeBlanks</code> arguments to <code>false</code>. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) </syntaxhighlight> === Custom formatting of arguments === Sometimes you want to remove some blank arguments but not others, or perhaps you might want to put all of the positional arguments in lower case. To do things like this you can use the <code>valueFunc</code> option. The input to this option must be a function that takes two parameters, <code>key</code> and <code>value</code>, and returns a single value. This value is what you will get when you access the field <code>key</code> in the <code>args</code> table. Example 1: this function preserves whitespace for the first positional argument, but trims all other arguments and removes all other blank arguments. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if key == 1 then return value elseif value then value = mw.text.trim(value) if value ~= '' then return value end end return nil end }) </syntaxhighlight> Example 2: this function removes blank arguments and converts all arguments to lower case, but doesn't trim whitespace from positional parameters. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if not value then return nil end value = mw.ustring.lower(value) if mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then return value end return nil end }) </syntaxhighlight> Note: the above functions will fail if passed input that is not of type <code>string</code> or <code>nil</code>. This might be the case if you use the <code>getArgs</code> function in the main function of your module, and that function is called by another Lua module. In this case, you will need to check the type of your input. This is not a problem if you are using a function specially for arguments from #invoke (i.e. you have <code>p.main</code> and <code>p._main</code> functions, or something similar). {{cot|Examples 1 and 2 with type checking}} Example 1: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if key == 1 then return value elseif type(value) == 'string' then value = mw.text.trim(value) if value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) </syntaxhighlight> Example 2: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = mw.ustring.lower(value) if mw.ustring.find(value, '%S') then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) </syntaxhighlight> {{cob}} Also, please note that the <code>valueFunc</code> function is called more or less every time an argument is requested from the <code>args</code> table, so if you care about performance you should make sure you aren't doing anything inefficient with your code. === Frames and parent frames === Arguments in the <code>args</code> table can be passed from the current frame or from its parent frame at the same time. To understand what this means, it is easiest to give an example. Let's say that we have a module called <code>Module:ExampleArgs</code>. This module prints the first two positional arguments that it is passed. {{cot|Module:ExampleArgs code}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local first = args[1] or '' local second = args[2] or '' return first .. ' ' .. second end return p </syntaxhighlight> {{cob}} <code>Module:ExampleArgs</code> is then called by <code>Template:ExampleArgs</code>, which contains the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:ExampleArgs|main|firstInvokeArg}}</nowiki></code>. This produces the result "firstInvokeArg". Now if we were to call <code>Template:ExampleArgs</code>, the following would happen: {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; max-width: 100%;" |- ! style="width: 60%;" | Code ! style="width: 40%;" | Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg secondTemplateArg |} There are three options you can set to change this behaviour: <code>frameOnly</code>, <code>parentOnly</code> and <code>parentFirst</code>. If you set <code>frameOnly</code> then only arguments passed from the current frame will be accepted; if you set <code>parentOnly</code> then only arguments passed from the parent frame will be accepted; and if you set <code>parentFirst</code> then arguments will be passed from both the current and parent frames, but the parent frame will have priority over the current frame. Here are the results in terms of <code>Template:ExampleArgs</code>: ; frameOnly {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; max-width: 100%;" |- ! style="width: 60%;" | Code ! style="width: 40%;" | Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |} ; parentOnly {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; max-width: 100%;" |- ! style="width: 60%;" | Code ! style="width: 40%;" | Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs}}</nowiki></code> | |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstTemplateArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstTemplateArg secondTemplateArg |} ; parentFirst {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; max-width: 100%;" |- ! style="width: 60%;" | Code ! style="width: 40%;" | Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs}}</nowiki></code> | firstInvokeArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstTemplateArg |- | <code><nowiki>{{ExampleArgs|firstTemplateArg|secondTemplateArg}}</nowiki></code> | firstTemplateArg secondTemplateArg |} Notes: # If you set both the <code>frameOnly</code> and <code>parentOnly</code> options, the module won't fetch any arguments at all from #invoke. This is probably not what you want. # In some situations a parent frame may not be available, e.g. if getArgs is passed the parent frame rather than the current frame. In this case, only the frame arguments will be used (unless parentOnly is set, in which case no arguments will be used) and the <code>parentFirst</code> and <code>frameOnly</code> options will have no effect. === Wrappers === The ''wrappers'' option is used to specify a limited number of templates as ''wrapper templates'', that is, templates whose only purpose is to call a module. If the module detects that it is being called from a wrapper template, it will only check for arguments in the parent frame; otherwise it will only check for arguments in the frame passed to getArgs. This allows modules to be called by either #invoke or through a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated with having to check both the frame and the parent frame for each argument lookup. For example, the only content of [[Template:Side box]] (excluding content in {{tag|noinclude}} tags) is <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Side box|main}}</nowiki></code>. There is no point in checking the arguments passed directly to the #invoke statement for this template, as no arguments will ever be specified there. We can avoid checking arguments passed to #invoke by using the ''parentOnly'' option, but if we do this then #invoke will not work from other pages either. If this were the case, the {{para|text|Some text}} in the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Side box|main|text=Some text}}</nowiki></code> would be ignored completely, no matter what page it was used from. By using the <code>wrappers</code> option to specify 'Template:Side box' as a wrapper, we can make <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Side box|main|text=Some text}}</nowiki></code> work from most pages, while still not requiring that the module check for arguments on the [[Template:Side box]] page itself. Wrappers can be specified either as a string, or as an array of strings. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Wrapper template' }) </syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local args = getArgs(frame, { wrappers = { 'Template:Wrapper 1', 'Template:Wrapper 2', -- Any number of wrapper templates can be added here. } }) </syntaxhighlight> Notes: # The module will automatically detect if it is being called from a wrapper template's /sandbox subpage, so there is no need to specify sandbox pages explicitly. # The ''wrappers'' option effectively changes the default of the ''frameOnly'' and ''parentOnly'' options. If, for example, ''parentOnly'' were explicitly set to 0 with ''wrappers'' set, calls via wrapper templates would result in both frame and parent arguments being loaded, though calls not via wrapper templates would result in only frame arguments being loaded. # If the ''wrappers'' option is set and no parent frame is available, the module will always get the arguments from the frame passed to <code>getArgs</code>. === Writing to the args table === Sometimes it can be useful to write new values to the args table. This is possible with the default settings of this module. (However, bear in mind that it is usually better coding style to create a new table with your new values and copy arguments from the args table as needed.) <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> args.foo = 'some value' </syntaxhighlight> It is possible to alter this behaviour with the <code>readOnly</code> and <code>noOverwrite</code> options. If <code>readOnly</code> is set then it is not possible to write any values to the args table at all. If <code>noOverwrite</code> is set, then it is possible to add new values to the table, but it is not possible to add a value if it would overwrite any arguments that are passed from #invoke. === Ref tags === This module uses [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Metatables|metatables]] to fetch arguments from #invoke. This allows access to both the frame arguments and the parent frame arguments without using the <code>pairs()</code> function. This can help if your module might be passed {{tag|ref}} tags as input. As soon as {{tag|ref}} tags are accessed from Lua, they are processed by the MediaWiki software and the reference will appear in the reference list at the bottom of the article. If your module proceeds to omit the reference tag from the output, you will end up with a phantom reference – a reference that appears in the reference list but without any number linking to it. This has been a problem with modules that use <code>pairs()</code> to detect whether to use the arguments from the frame or the parent frame, as those modules automatically process every available argument. This module solves this problem by allowing access to both frame and parent frame arguments, while still only fetching those arguments when it is necessary. The problem will still occur if you use <code>pairs(args)</code> elsewhere in your module, however. === Known limitations === The use of metatables also has its downsides. Most of the normal Lua table tools won't work properly on the args table, including the <code>#</code> operator, the <code>next()</code> function, and the functions in the table library. If using these is important for your module, you should use your own argument processing function instead of this module.<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> k4uzxsw0iijn6fknzztdakyiac9km86 828 10796 83849 2022-05-19T01:25:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Message box/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Used in system}} {{module rating|p}} {{Lua|Module:Message box/configuration|Module:No globals|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments|Module:Category handler}} This is a meta-module that implements the message box templates {{tl|mbox}}, {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|cmbox}}, {{tl|fmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|ombox}}, and {{tl|tmbox}}. It is intended to be used from Lua modules, and should not be used directly from wiki pages. If you want to use this module's functionality from a wiki page, please use the individual message box templates instead. == Usage == To use this module from another Lua module, first you need to load it. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local messageBox = require('Module:Message box') </syntaxhighlight> To create a message box, use the <code>main</code> function. It takes two parameters: the first is the box type (as a string), and the second is a table containing the message box parameters. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local box = messageBox.main( boxType, { param1 = param1, param2 = param2, -- More parameters... }) </syntaxhighlight> There are seven available box types: {| class="wikitable" ! Box type !! Template !! Purpose |- | <code>mbox</code> || {{tl|mbox}} || For message boxes to be used in multiple namespaces |- | <code>ambox</code> || {{tl|ambox}} || For article message boxes |- | <code>cmbox</code> || {{tl|cmbox}} || For category message boxes |- | <code>fmbox</code> || {{tl|fmbox}} || For interface message boxes |- | <code>imbox</code> || {{tl|imbox}} || For file namespace message boxes |- | <code>tmbox</code> || {{tl|tmbox}} || For talk page message boxes |- | <code>ombox</code> || {{tl|ombox}} || For message boxes in other namespaces |} See the template page of each box type for the available parameters. == Usage from #invoke == As well as the <code>main</code> function, this module has separate functions for each box type. They are accessed using the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box|mbox|...}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Message box|ambox|...}}</nowiki></code>, etc. These will work when called from other modules, but they access code used to process arguments passed from #invoke, and so calling them will be less efficient than calling <code>main</code>. == Technical details == The module uses the same basic code for each of the templates listed above; the differences between each of them are configured using the data at [[Module:Message box/configuration]]. Here are the various configuration options and what they mean: * <code>types</code> – a table containing data used by the type parameter of the message box. The table keys are the values that can be passed to the type parameter, and the table values are tables containing the class and the image used by that type. * <code>default</code> – the type to use if no value was passed to the type parameter, or if an invalid value was specified. * <code>showInvalidTypeError</code> – whether to show an error if the value passed to the type parameter was invalid. * <code>allowBlankParams</code> – usually blank values are stripped from parameters passed to the module. However, whitespace is preserved for the parameters included in the allowBlankParams table. * <code>allowSmall</code> – whether a small version of the message box can be produced with "small=yes". * <code>smallParam</code> – a custom name for the small parameter. For example, if set to "left" you can produce a small message box using "small=left". * <code>smallClass</code> – the class to use for small message boxes. * <code>substCheck</code> – whether to perform a subst check or not. * <code>classes</code> – an array of classes to use with the message box. * <code>imageEmptyCell</code> – whether to use an empty {{tag|td}} cell if there is no image set. This is used to preserve spacing for message boxes with a width of less than 100% of the screen. * <code>imageEmptyCellStyle</code> – whether empty image cells should be styled. * <code>imageCheckBlank</code> – whether "image=blank" results in no image being displayed. * <code>imageSmallSize</code> – usually, images used in small message boxes are set to 30x30px. This sets a custom size. * <code>imageCellDiv</code> – whether to enclose the image in a div enforcing a maximum image size. * <code>useCollapsibleTextFields</code> – whether to use text fields that can be collapsed, i.e. "issue", "fix", "talk", etc. Currently only used in ambox. * <code>imageRightNone</code> – whether imageright=none results in no image being displayed on the right-hand side of the message box. * <code>sectionDefault</code> – the default name for the "section" parameter. Depends on <code>useCollapsibleTextFields</code>. * <code>allowMainspaceCategories</code> – allow categorisation in the main namespace. * <code>templateCategory</code> – the name of a category to be placed on the template page. * <code>templateCategoryRequireName</code> – whether the <code>name</code> parameter is required to display the template category. * <code>templateErrorCategory</code> – the name of the error category to be used on the template page. * <code>templateErrorParamsToCheck</code> – an array of parameter names to check. If any are absent, the <code>templateErrorCategory</code> is applied to the template page. gylas5sr0c7uo5g3nrxklnd0k774pvd 828 10797 83850 2022-05-19T01:26:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:No globals/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{module rating|protected}} <!-- Template categories go at the bottom of this page. --> This module causes an error if any nil [[global variable|global]] is read or if any global is written to, with the exception of <var>arg</var>. To use, add <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>require('Module:No globals')</syntaxhighlight> to the top of the module using it. The <var>arg</var> variable is excluded because it is necessary for Scribunto's [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#require|require]] function to work properly. (See the Scribunto source code [[phab:diffusion/ELUA/browse/master/includes/engines/LuaCommon/lualib/package.lua;1fad4da13706f4dbdd0477a834675b9d09757bf6|here]].) == See also == * [[Module:Log globals]] – adds all nil global reads/writes to the Lua log <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Template categories go here. --> [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> 4h7oec1hp3umv1zzbntaenb888t73cg 10 10798 83851 2022-05-19T01:31:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sandbox other wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|sublength|s={{SUBPAGENAME}}|i=0|len=7}}|sandbox|1}}{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|1}}{{#invoke:String|match|{{PAGENAME}}|/sandbox/styles.css$|plain=false|nomatch=}}|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> h1idujwaw20aducxsd1gc4ovgnjikqa 10 10799 83852 2022-05-19T01:31:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sandbox other/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{sandbox other||{{not a sandbox}}}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:String}} This template allows to differentiate between regular <code>Template:...</code> and <code>Template:.../sandbox</code> pages. It is typically used to ''prevent'' a /sandbox page being categorised with their main page. ;Also: when numbered /sandbox1 Any subpage <code>/sandbox''ANYTEXT''</code> is considered a <code>/sandbox</code>. So this includes <code>/sandbox''1''</code>, <code>/sandbox_2</code>. ;Also: /doc A <code>/doc</code> subpage is also considered a <code>/sandbox</code>. == Usage == This template can be used on template documentation pages to ensure that any given template sandbox or template documentation does not populate its main template's category(ies). This template has two unnamed parameters, {{para|1}} and {{para|2}}. Near the bottom of a /doc page where the categories are usually placed, install this template as follows: <pre> {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- all /documentation code goes here --> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- categories the main template should be in, but not the /sandbox: --> [[Category:(first category)]] [[Category:(second category)]] }}</includeonly> </pre> * Usage of an empty first parameter (two pipes together, {{code|<nowiki>||</nowiki>}}, at the end of the first line of code above) essentially means {{para|1|(do nothing)}} and will not allow the sandbox page to populate the listed categories. * Note that the closing template braces ({{code|<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}}) are placed just before the &#60;/includeonly> tag. This is the same as {{para|2|(category comment and categories)}}. In "long hand" it may appear as follows: <pre> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|1=<!-- keep sandbox out of categories -->|2= <!-- Categories go below this line; interwikis go to Wikidata --> [[Category:(first category)]] [[Category:(second category)]] (more categories if needed) }}</includeonly> </pre> == TemplateData == <!-- The <nostrip> comments are necessary to work around bugs in [[Module:Plain text]] --> {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template allows to differentiate between regular <code><!--nostrip-->Template:...</code><!--nostrip--> and <code><!--nostrip-->Template:.../sandbox</code><!--nostrip--> pages.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Sandbox text", "type": "content" }, "2": { "label": "Non-sandbox text", "type": "content" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == {{Foo other see also}} {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Pagename manipulation templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> ep9b1s9ri8xyquigcvluszo1x0dglwx 828 10800 83853 2022-05-19T01:32:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Plain text Scribunto text/plain --converts text with wikilinks to plain text, e.g "[[foo|gah]] is [[bar]]" to "gah is bar" --removes anything enclosed in tags that isn't nested, mediawiki strip markers (references etc), files, italic and bold markup local p = {} function p.main(frame) local text = frame.args[1] local encode = require('Module:yesno')(frame.args.encode) return p._main(text, encode) end function p._main(text, encode) if not text then return end text = mw.text.killMarkers(text) :gsub('&nbsp;', ' ') --replace nbsp spaces with regular spaces :gsub('<br ?/?>', ', ') --replace br with commas :gsub('<span.->(.-)</span>', '%1') --remove spans while keeping text inside :gsub('<i.->(.-)</i>', '%1') --remove italics while keeping text inside :gsub('<b.->(.-)</b>', '%1') --remove bold while keeping text inside :gsub('<em.->(.-)</em>', '%1') --remove emphasis while keeping text inside :gsub('<strong.->(.-)</strong>', '%1') --remove strong while keeping text inside :gsub('<.->.-<.->', '') --strip out remaining tags and the text inside :gsub('<.->', '') --remove any other tag markup :gsub('%[%[%s*[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out files :gsub('%[%[%s*[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out use of image: :gsub('%[%[%s*[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]%s*:.-%]%]', '') --strip out categories :gsub('%[%[[^%]]-|', '') --strip out piped link text :gsub('([^%[])%[[^%[%]][^%]]-%s', '%1') --strip out external link text :gsub('^%[[^%[%]][^%]]-%s', '') --strip out external link text :gsub('[%[%]]', '') --then strip out remaining [ and ] :gsub("'''''", "") --strip out bold italic markup :gsub("'''?", "") --not stripping out '''' gives correct output for bolded text in quotes :gsub('----+', '') --remove ---- lines :gsub("^%s+", "") --strip leading :gsub("%s+$", "") --and trailing spaces :gsub("%s+", " ") --strip redundant spaces if encode then return mw.text.encode(text) else return text end end return p iav2fnozby82lzrlyf7cfy5wxhjm0dx 828 10801 83854 2022-05-19T01:32:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Plain text/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high use}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{Lua|Module:Plain text}}}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module|Implements {{tl|Plain text}}.&nbsp;}}Developed for producing short descriptions from text that may have markup, or other stuff that needs removing from short descriptions. == Usage == ;Code: :<code><nowiki>'''[[foo|hah]]''' <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''&lt;nowiki&gt;?&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code> &rarr; :'''[[foo|hah]]''' <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki> ; Using {{lc:{{NAMESPACE}}}}: :<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|Plain text|&#35;invoke:Plain text{{!}}main}}<nowiki>|1='''[[foo|hah]]''' <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''&lt;nowiki&gt;?&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}</nowiki></code> → :{{Plain text|1='''[[foo|hah]]''' <span style="color:red">is</span> '''''[[gah]]'''''<nowiki>?</nowiki>}} ==See also== {{Navbox wikitext-handling templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] [[Category:WikiProject Short descriptions]] }}</includeonly> 4f0g4p4rwhbqc8sngfvm8eb29r4ltmb 10 10802 83855 2022-05-19T01:33:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox wikitext-handling templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Navbox wikitext-handling templates | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | bodyclass = text-align:left | title = Wikitext-changing templates | group1 = wikitext | list1 = * {{tl|Nowiki}} / dtag * {{tl|Plain text}} / [[:Module:Plain text]] * {{tl|Unstrip}}, {{tl|UnstripNoWiki}}, {{tl|KillMarkers}} / [[:Module:Unstrip]] * {{tl|Strip tags}} | group2 = unicode | list2 = * [[:Module:DecodeEncode]] | group4 = url | list4 = [[:Module:Urldecode]] | below = {{clc|Category:Wikicode string manipulation templates}} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 09ue826sqwdv25j7mle0z4vzjqkczo3 10 10803 83856 2022-05-19T01:33:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox wikitext-handling templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Navbox wikitext-handling templates | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | bodyclass = text-align:left | title = Wikitext-changing templates | group1 = wikitext | list1 = * {{tl|Nowiki}} / dtag * {{tl|Plain text}} / [[:Module:Plain text]] * {{tl|Unstrip}}, {{tl|UnstripNoWiki}}, {{tl|KillMarkers}} / [[:Module:Unstrip]] * {{tl|Strip tags}} | group2 = unicode | list2 = * [[:Module:DecodeEncode]] | group4 = url | list4 = [[:Module:Urldecode]] | below = {{clc|Category:Wikicode string manipulation templates}} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 09ue826sqwdv25j7mle0z4vzjqkczo3 10 10804 83858 2022-05-19T01:36:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link wikitext text/x-wiki &#123;&#123;[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]&#125;&#125;<noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> rf3qx5cilaxlnjqq9fivevkah92ncil 10 10805 83859 2022-05-19T01:36:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{redirect-distinguish|Template:TI|Template:Ti}}{{Template shortcut|tl|t|temp}} {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:Template link | {{used in system}} }} The '''template link''' template is a simple [[w:Macro (computer science)|macro]] [[m:Help:template|template]] used to display a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing the template name as code rather than actually invoking it. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation where it is used to refer to a template by name without invoking it. Note that this template may be used under the name "tee-el" (tl) as well as "tee-one" (t1)— both function the same way and produce the same results. This is not true for all such visually confusing templates containing a possible 1/l mix-up: and are not interchangeable. '''{{tl|Tla}}''' works exactly like {{tl|tl}} with the addition of optionally displaying '''a'''lternative label text (link label). '''{{tl|tlg}}''' can include the use of parameters in the template (as <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki>). ==Examples== A short example of its use is: ::<code><nowiki>{{tl|Example}}</nowiki></code> :which generates ::{{tl|Example}} Other longer examples: {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Notes |- | {{tlx|tl|Void}} | {{tl|Void}} | Standard usage |- | {{tlx|tls|Example}} | {{tls|Example}} | For templates that should be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] |- | {{tlx|tl2|X1}} | {{tl2|X1}} | This formats the link to show how it would look in code (i.e., monospace font) |- | {{tlx|tl2|sister{{=}}M:|3x}} | <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[{{{LANG|}}}M:{{ns:Template}}:3x|3x]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> | Same as above, for templates on another Wikimedia project (in this example, Meta, using '''<code>m:</code>'''). See [[Help:Interwiki_linking#Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects|Interwiki codes]]. |- | {{tlx|tl2|sister{{=}}wikibooks|lang{{=}}de:|WP}} | <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vorlage:WP WP]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- ––––– This is currently a fraudulent output result... the template code needs modified to work ––––– per this plan, then this /doc file fixed up to match whatever the correct syntax actually is. ––––– ALMOST work: [[:de:wikibooks:{{ns:template}}:WP|WP]] [[de:wikibooks:{{ns:template}}:WP|WP]] --> | For templates on another language project |- | {{tlx|tl|<nowiki>1==</nowiki>)}} | {{tl|1==)}} | Use the format <code><nowiki>{{tl|1=templatename}}</nowiki></code> if the template contains template coding characters such as {{tl|1==)}} or {{tl|1=!}} |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template displays a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing how the template name would be used in code. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation.", "params": { "1": { "label": "template name", "description": "positional parameter: the template name without the namespace prefix “Template:”, which is added automatically", "type": "wiki-template-name", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == See also == * {{tiw|tl2}} * {{tiw|tl}} * {{tiw|tlp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with a single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|tlx}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with an e[x]panded number of parameters. * {{tiw|tlsp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink that's [[Wikipedia:Substitution|[s]ubst:]]ituted, with a single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|lts}} * {{tiw|tlu}}, tl or tlp in any [[Wikipedia:Namespaces|namespace]]. * {{lcs|Internal template-link templates}} * {{tiw|xpd}} to e[xp]an[d] (i.e. demonstrate) a template ''in situ''. * {{tiw|tl-r}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink to a template [r]edirect. {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> ha2de9k69ondckm5421b4qg21d06bn5 10 10806 83860 2022-05-19T01:41:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Empty category wikitext text/x-wiki __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__{{#ifeq:{{{hide}}}|true||{{Cmbox | type = content | style = text-align: center; | text = <span style="font-size:15px;">'''Administrators: Please do not delete this category as empty!'''</span><br/> This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. {{{1|}}} }}}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{nocat|false}}}}}|false|{{Single namespace|category}}|<!-- Category suppressed -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> 5rgzyc9zfzrle8zavmv0dfuqmsp3999 10 10807 83861 2022-05-19T01:41:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Empty category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-use}} {{Template shortcut|Pec}} The {{Tlx|Possibly empty category}} template may be placed at the top of any category page for which it is normal that it sometimes is empty. This is typical for some maintenance, tracking and clean-up categories. It shows up only when the category is detected as empty. Experience has shown that people sometimes delete those categories, thinking that they are no longer in use. However, if a legitimate [[WP:G8]] criteria applies, such as "Categories populated by deleted or retargeted templates", then deletion may take place. Admins should check if a legitimate G8 applies before deleting. This template is also intended to be used to prevent these categories from being listed at [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Empty categories]]. ==Options== * Adding {{code|<nowiki>|hide=true</nowiki>}} makes the template invisible. ==See also== * {{Tl|Db-a3}} (Db-empty) * {{Tl|Db-c1}} (Db-catempty) * {{Tl|Void}} {{Other category-header templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Category namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> 4wre0oqelvwd4ynlo1rv8xf1e55xsaf 10 10808 83862 2022-05-19T01:42:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cmbox wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Message box|cmbox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 2wg1g94nws2nefrz0o1pxm105lovzoz 10 10809 83863 2022-05-19T01:42:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cmbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{High-risk}} {{Lua|Module:Message box}} {{Mbox templates (small)}} This is the {{tl|Cmbox}} (['''C''']ategory ['''m''']essage ['''box''']) metatemplate. It is used to build message box templates such as {{tl|Category diffuse}} for category pages. It offers several different colours, uses default images if no image parameter is given, and it has some other features. This template works almost exactly like {{tl|Ambox}} and uses the same parameters. <!-- === We are deploying! === After long discussion on the [[Template talk:Cmbox|talk page]] of this template and at other places we are finally deploying this template. Feel free to convert any message boxes used on category pages to use this meta-template. If you find any tricky cases then list them on the talk page of this template and you'll get help. When this template is used to build category message boxes those boxes should contain explanatory texts just like before. (The same texts as before or new improved texts.) If there are more specific images in the boxes or you know a better image, then use them instead of the default images shown here. --> === Usage === Simple usage example: <pre> {{cmbox | text = Some text.}} </pre> {{cmbox | text = Some text.}} Complex example: <pre> {{cmbox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} </pre> {{cmbox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} === Category message box types === The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters, thus they use the default images for each type. {{cmbox | type = speedy | text = type=<u>speedy</u> – Speedy deletion templates such as {{tl|db-c1}}. }} {{cmbox | type = delete | text = type=<u>delete</u> – Deletion templates such as {{tl|cfd}}. }} {{cmbox | type = content | text = type=<u>content</u> – Major warnings and problems such as {{tl|Categorization of people disputed}}. }} {{cmbox | type = style | text = type=<u>style</u> – Minor warnings and problems such as {{tl|Overpopulated category}}. }} {{cmbox | type = notice | text = type=<u>notice</u> – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary. }} {{cmbox | type = move | text = type=<u>move</u> – Move, merge, and split messages and proposals such as {{tl|Category redirect}}. }} {{cmbox | type = protection | text = type=<u>protection</u> – Protection templates such as {{tl|pp}} when shown on a category page. }} === Other images === The default images shown above are mostly for convenience. In many cases it is more appropriate to use more specific images. These examples use the '''image''' parameter to specify an image other than the default images. {{cmbox | type = style | image = [[File:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]] | text = type = style<br />image = <nowiki>[[File:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]]</nowiki><br />This image is used for {{tl|Overpopulated category}} and {{tl|Category diffuse}}. }} {{cmbox | type = move | image = [[File:Redirect arrow.svg|52px]] | text = type = move<br />image = <nowiki>[[File:Redirect arrow.svg|52px]]</nowiki><br />This image is used for {{tl|Category redirect}}. }} === Special === Some other parameter combinations. {{cmbox | text = No type and no image given ('''default''') }} {{cmbox | image = none | text = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area. }} {{cmbox | image = [[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]] | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]] | text = image = <nowiki>[[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]</nowiki><br />imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> }} {{cmbox | image = [[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]] | imageright = [[File:Shuttle.svg|20px]] | text = '''This category lists articles about current and recent [[spaceflight]]s.'''<br />It is populated by the {{tl|Current spaceflight}} template. }} === Parameters === List of all parameters: <pre> {{cmbox | name = name of the template | type = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection | image = none / [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | imageright = [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | class = A custom CSS class to apply to the box | style = CSS values | textstyle = CSS values | plainlinks = no | text = The message body text. }} </pre> '''name''' :(Optional) Name of the template. This adds a CSS class with name <code>box-''name''</code> to the HTML element, for use by bots or scripts. '''type''' :If no '''type''' parameter is given, the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a blue background. '''image''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given, the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width is usually about right depending on the image height-to-width ratio (but the message box can handle images of any size). ::For example: <code><nowiki>image = [[File:Sub-arrows.svg|40px]]</nowiki></code> :'''none''' = Means that no image is used. '''imageright''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given, no image is shown on the right side. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width is usually about right depending on the image height-to-width ratio (but the message box can handle images of any size). ::For example: <code><nowiki>imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]</nowiki></code> :'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side. '''style''' :An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks <code>" "</code>. ::For example: <code>style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;</code> '''textstyle''' :An optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] value used by the text cell. ::For example: <code>textstyle = text-align: center;</code> '''plainlinks''' :Normally on Wikipedia, external links have an arrow icon next to them, like this: [http://www.example.com Example.com]. However, in message boxes, the arrow icon is suppressed by default, like this: <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.example.com Example.com]</span>. To get the normal style of external link with the arrow icon, use {{para|plainlinks|no}}. '''text''' :The message body text. === Technical details === If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="tid"> {{cmbox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{cmbox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} This template uses the cmbox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable. Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. The default images for this meta-template are in PNG format instead of SVG format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for SVG images. The PNG images here have hand-optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that SVG icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons. For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Cmbox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like the other mboxes, their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details (see the [[#See also|See also]] section below). ===See also=== {{Mbox templates see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates]] [[Category:Category namespace templates|*]] }}</includeonly> 27316r9si04bg7673tsgscuh875ii5r 10 10810 83865 2022-05-19T01:48:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mbox templates (small) wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox | bodyclass = nowrap | bodystyle = width:auto;padding-bottom:0.6em;line-height:1.25em; | abovestyle = font-size:inherit; | above = Message box<br/>meta-templates | labelstyle = margin:0;padding:0 0.3em 0;text-align:center;font-weight:normal; | datastyle = margin:0;padding:0 0.5em 0 0; | label1 = ''template'' | data1 = ''context'' | label2 = {{tl|Ambox}} | data2 = article | label3 = {{tl|Cmbox}} | data3 = category | label4 = {{tl|Imbox}} | data4 = image | label5 = {{tl|Tmbox}} | data5 = talk | label6 = {{tl|Fmbox}} | data6 = footer / header | label7 = {{tl|Ombox}} | data7 = other pages | label8 = {{tl|Mbox}} | data8 = auto-detect | label9 = {{tl|Asbox}} | data9 = article stub | label10 = {{tl|Dmbox}} | data10 = disambiguation }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1bae4fgs4de5xgz69zvbs10mlm90g0b 10 10811 83866 2022-05-19T01:49:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mbox templates (small)/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Mbox templates (small)}} {{tl|Mbox templates (small)}} is the small template that appears as opposite at the top of documentation for templates in the [[:Category:Mbox and messagebox templates]]. It takes no parameters. ===See also=== * {{tl|Mbox templates see also}}, used at the end of Mbox-family templates' documentation. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] }}</includeonly> co94kxxruuihv3ze3aoa0ikp1xmdy7a 10 10812 83867 2022-05-19T01:49:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Str left wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:padleft:|{{{2|1}}}|{{{1}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 3rrdme1fpv80h1kdk9b7zwlkqd34dfk 10 10813 83868 2022-05-19T01:49:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Str left/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{used in system}} == Usage == : {{Template link expanded|Str left|<string>|<count>}} Gives the resultant <count> of characters ''creating a substring of characters'' from the start of the [[w:Trim (programming)|trimmed]] string (i.e. the substring returned will have length <count>, exclusive of leading whitespace characters, which are trimmed first before <count> is invoked). If <count> is invalid, empty or zero, an empty string is returned. If undefined, it defaults to 1. == Limitations == * Length to 500: The maximum substring stops at 500 long, yet gives no error message. Only 500 characters can be extracted even if the <string> is longer. * Inexpensive (uses no other templates). == Examples == :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 10 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 10 }} :*<code><nowiki>{{Str left| &nbsp; Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 4 }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{Str left| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 4 }}, (note leading spaces trimmed!) :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 1 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 1 }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 0 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 0 }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 40 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet | 40 }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | àçé | 2 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | àçé | 2 }} :*: This example is demonstrating the safety of this template with the UTF-8 encoding (this should work now) : ===Examples of limitations=== All the limitations of use for this template and shown below are caused by the current implementation of the <nowiki>{{padleft:}}</nowiki> parser function used in this template, which does not filter its third parameter containing the characters used for padding a string to the specified length (it currently counts incorrectly the characters to extract from the padding string, and incorrectly measures its effective length; in addition this parameter is limited to 500 bytes). The following examples are demonstrating that this template does not interpret character entity references as the character they represent. It treats them as multiple characters and can leave them truncated. * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&amp;nbsp;c | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&nbsp;c | 3 }} *: The output "a&nbsp;c" may have been intended, but the named character entity was truncated, leaving no length available for the final "c". * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&amp;#66;c | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&#66;c | 3 }} *: This should display "abc", but the named character entity was truncated, leaving no length available for the final "c". * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a c | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a c | 3 }} *: The result is correct, as expected. * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&amp;#32;c | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&#32;c | 3 }} *: This last example should be equivalent to the previous one, but it is not. This template will erase nowiki tags without counting their length: * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&lt;nowiki/&gt;bcd | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a<nowiki/>bcd | 3 }} *: Returns three characters as expected * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&lt;nowiki>E&lt;/nowiki&gt;bcd | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a<nowiki>E</nowiki>bcd | 3 }} *: Returns three characters, but not aEb as might have been expected. * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&lt;nowiki/&gt;bc | 10 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a<nowiki/>bc | 10 }} *: Returns 10 characters as expected. HTML comments, and the "noinclude", "includeonly" and "onlyinclude" wiki markup tags are also ignored, because they are preprocessed in template parameters, before including it and substituting parameters: :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&lt;noinclude/&gt;bc | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a<noinclude/>bc | 3 }} :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a&lt;!-- comment --&gt;bc | 3 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | a<!-- comment -->bc | 3 }} Note also that the specified length will cause the input string to be padded by repeating it, if this length is larger than the input string length: :* <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki> {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Abc. | 10 <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{ {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Abc. | 10 }} == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "A template to give the <count> substring of characters from the start of the trimmed string ", "params": { "1": { "label": "String", "description": "The string to be trimmed and counted", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Count", "description": "Gives the <count> substring of characters from the start of the trimmed string", "type": "number", "required": true } } } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Bugzilla:22555]] (historical; need for correcting padleft/padright functions and to provide better string-handling parser functions) {{String-handling templates |sub}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:String manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> 1ibvknmbh2gidulto1vydhyicsct24k 10 10814 83869 2022-05-19T01:50:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:String-handling templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navbox with collapsible groups|navbox | name = String-handling templates | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | bodyclass = plainlist | title = String-handling templates [[Help:Manipulating_strings|(help page)]] | selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} <!---------------------- Trimming -------------------------> | abbr1 = sub | sect1 = Substring (select chunk of string by its position) | content1 = {{Aligned table |fullwidth=on |style=text-align:left; |col1width=50%; | {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2em; |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{ml|string|sub|section=#sub}}<br> {{tl|str sub new}} | Select a substring based on starting and ending index counted in either direction. | {{tl|str left}} | Keep the first N characters of a string, or duplicate it to N characters. | {{tl|str crop}} | Return all but the last N characters of a string. | {{tl|str index}} | Return the N-th character of a string. }} | {{Aligned table |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|str right}} | Return substring starting at N-th character to end of string. | {{tl|str rightc}} | Return the last N characters of a string; or a given value if empty. | {{tl|str sub old}} | Return substring of given length starting at N-th character. }} }} | abbr2 = trim | sect2 = Trimming (select/remove chunk of string by character type) | content2 = {{Aligned table |fullwidth=on |style=text-align:left; |col1width=50%; | {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2em; |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|trim}} | Trim any leading or trailing whitespace | {{tl|str letter/trim}} | Trim down to the beginning letters. | {{tl|str number/trim}} | Trim down to the beginning numbers. | {{tl|trim brackets}} | Trim any leading or trailing square brackets. | {{tl|trim quotes}} | Trim leading or trailing matching quotes. | {{tl|trim leading}} | Trim up to six instances of specified <prefix>. }} | {{Aligned table |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|string split}} | Extract a short string from a long string. | {{tl|first word}} | Trim down to the first space. | {{tl|remove first word}} | Remove anything before the first space. | {{tl|last word}} | Trim down from the last space. | {{tl|remove last word}} | Remove anything after the last space. }} }} | abbr3 = specific | group3 = Select/remove specific item from string | content3 = {{Aligned table |fullwidth=on |style=text-align:left; |col1width=50%; | {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2em; |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|delink}}, {{tl|trim brackets}} | Removes wikilink brackets (wikicode); ''all'' or ''outer only''. | {{tl|Plain text}} | Removes wikicode (formatting and brackets) | {{tl|remove file prefix}} | Removes "File:" (or "Image:") from filenames. | {{tl|PAGENAMEBASE}} | Trim off any parenthesis text at the end of a string (disambiguation). | {{tl|title disambig text}} | Returns text in parentheses at the end of a string (disambiguation). | {{tl|WikiProjectbasename}} | Removes "WikiProject" from a pagename. }} | {{Aligned table |col1style=width:12em;text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|ship prefix}} | Returns the length of a ship's name prefix, if listed (ship names). | {{tl|title year}} | Returns the 3-or-4-digit year from a pagename, if any. | {{tl|title decade}} | Returns the 4-digit decade (e.g. "1740s") from a pagename, if any. | {{tl|title number}} | Returns any number from a pagename. }} }} <!----------- Insertion, replacement, length --------------> | abbr4 = IRL | sect4 = Insertion, replacement and length | content4 = {{Aligned table |style=margin:0 auto 0;text-align:left; | <!---(Insertion, replacement)---> {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2em; |col1style=text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|loop}} | Repeat character string a specified number of times. | {{tl|replace}} | Returns the string, after replacing ''all'' occurrences of a specified string with another string. | {{tl|str rep}} | Returns the string, after replacing the first occurrence of a specified string with another string. | {{tl|digits}} | Returns the string, after removing all characters that are not digits 0–9 | {{tl|Nowiki}} | Displays wikitext as plain text. }} | <!---(Length)---> {{Aligned table |col1style=text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|str len}} | Returns a string's length. | {{tl|str ≥ len}} | Check if a string is "longer or equally long" or "shorter" than a given length. | {{tl|str ≤ len}} | Check if a string is "shorter or equally long" or "longer" than a given length. | {{tl|str ≠ len}} | Check if a string is "not equal" or "equal" to a given length. }} }} <!----------------- Analysis, technical -------------------> | abbr5 = anlys/tech | sect5 = Analysis and searching | content5 = {{Aligned table |style=margin:0 auto 0;text-align:left; | <!---(Analysis)---> {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2em; |col1style=text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{ml|string2|startswith}}<br>{{tl|str endswith}} | Check if a string starts or ends with a given string. | {{tl|str find}}, {{tl|strfind short}} |style2.2=vertical-align:middle;| Returns the numerical location of a given string in a string. | {{tl|in string}} | Returns optional string when given string is not found | {{tl|str count}} | Count the number of occurrences of a pattern within a string. }} | <!---(Analysis cont'd)---> {{Aligned table |col1style=text-align:right;padding-right:0.75em; | {{tl|a or an}} | Takes a noun and produces the appropriate indefinite article, based on whether the first letter is a vowel. | {{tl|Isnumeric}} | Returns number when true, blank when not numeric. | {{tl|str letter}} | Returns the number of letters that begin a string. | {{tl|str number}} | Returns the number of numbers that begin a string. }} }} |state1=<noinclude>expanded</noinclude><!-- show everything on this template's page --> |state2=<noinclude>expanded</noinclude> |state3=<noinclude>expanded</noinclude> |state4=<noinclude>expanded</noinclude> |state5=<noinclude>expanded</noinclude> |state6=expanded |group6=Modules and built-in functions |list6={{div col|style=text-align:left}} * [[:Module:String]], [[:Module:String2]], [[:Module:Ustring]], [[Module:Text]]: modules that together contain most necessary string functions. * [[mw:Help:Magic words|Magic words]]: About <code><nowiki>{{padleft:&#124;}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{lc:&#124;}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:&#124;}}</nowiki></code> etc. * [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]]: About <code><nowiki>{{#titleparts:&#124;}}, {{#expr:&#124;}}, {{#ifeq:&#124;}}, </nowiki></code> etc.{{div col end}} <!----------------------- below ---------------------------> | belowclass = hlist | below = * [[:Category:String manipulation templates]] ** [[:c:Category:String manipulation templates|Commons]] ** [[:mw:Category:String manipulation templates|MediaWiki]] ** [[:m:Category:String manipulation templates|Meta-Wiki]] ** [[:d:Category:String manipulation templates|Wikidata]] * [[:Category:Modules that manipulate strings|Category:String manipulating modules]] | tracking = no <!--(keep all these string templates (by /doc pages) out of the tracking category)--> }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ep8o1opwnkyoauvn4xruyury9b9pu70 828 10815 83870 2022-05-19T01:51:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox with collapsible groups Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{Navbox with collapsible groups}} local q = {} local Navbox = require('Module:Navbox') -- helper functions local function concatstrings(s) local r = table.concat(s, '') if r:match('^%s*$') then r = nil end return r end local function concatstyles(s) local r = table.concat(s, ';') while r:match(';%s*;') do r = mw.ustring.gsub(r, ';%s*;', ';') end if r:match('^%s*;%s*$') then r = nil end return r end function q._navbox(pargs) -- table for args passed to navbox local targs = {} -- process args local passthrough = { ['name']=true,['navbar']=true,['state']=true,['border']=true, ['bodyclass']=true,['groupclass']=true,['listclass']=true, ['style']=true,['bodystyle']=true,['basestyle']=true, ['title']=true,['titleclass']=true,['titlestyle']=true, ['above']=true,['aboveclass']=true,['abovestyle']=true, ['below']=true,['belowclass']=true,['belowstyle']=true, ['image']=true,['imageclass']=true,['imagestyle']=true, ['imageleft']=true,['imageleftstyle']=true } for k,v in pairs(pargs) do if k and type(k) == 'string' then if passthrough[k] then targs[k] = v elseif (k:match('^list[0-9][0-9]*$') or k:match('^content[0-9][0-9]*$') ) then local n = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^[a-z]*([0-9]*)$', '%1') if (targs['list' .. n] == nil and pargs['group' .. n] == nil and pargs['sect' .. n] == nil and pargs['section' .. n] == nil) then targs['list' .. n] = concatstrings( {pargs['list' .. n] or '', pargs['content' .. n] or ''}) end elseif (k:match('^group[0-9][0-9]*$') or k:match('^sect[0-9][0-9]*$') or k:match('^section[0-9][0-9]*$') ) then local n = mw.ustring.gsub(k, '^[a-z]*([0-9]*)$', '%1') if targs['list' .. n] == nil then local titlestyle = concatstyles( {pargs['groupstyle'] or '',pargs['secttitlestyle'] or '', pargs['group' .. n .. 'style'] or '', pargs['section' .. n ..'titlestyle'] or ''}) local liststyle = concatstyles( {pargs['liststyle'] or '', pargs['contentstyle'] or '', pargs['list' .. n .. 'style'] or '', pargs['content' .. n .. 'style'] or ''}) local title = concatstrings( {pargs['group' .. n] or '', pargs['sect' .. n] or '', pargs['section' .. n] or ''}) local list = concatstrings( {pargs['list' .. n] or '', pargs['content' .. n] or ''}) local state = (pargs['abbr' .. n] and pargs['abbr' .. n] == pargs['selected']) and 'uncollapsed' or pargs['state' .. n] or 'collapsed' targs['list' .. n] = Navbox._navbox( {'child', navbar = 'plain', state = state, basestyle = pargs['basestyle'], title = title, titlestyle = titlestyle, list1 = list, liststyle = liststyle, listclass = pargs['list' .. n .. 'class'], image = pargs['image' .. n], imageleft = pargs['imageleft' .. n], listpadding = pargs['listpadding']}) end end end end -- ordering of style and bodystyle targs['style'] = concatstyles({targs['style'] or '', targs['bodystyle'] or ''}) targs['bodystyle'] = nil -- child or subgroup if targs['border'] == nil then targs['border'] = pargs[1] end return Navbox._navbox(targs) end function q.navbox(frame) local pargs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = {'Template:Navbox with collapsible groups'}}) -- Read the arguments in the order they'll be output in, to make references number in the right order. local _ _ = pargs.title _ = pargs.above for i = 1, 20 do _ = pargs["group" .. tostring(i)] _ = pargs["list" .. tostring(i)] end _ = pargs.below return q._navbox(pargs) end return q 4puv4ujrzakwzfosg5awaov15wcgryv 828 10816 83871 2022-05-19T01:51:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox with collapsible groups/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{high-use}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == View {{tl|navbox with collapsible groups}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> e40wz5fmxi80xrs9gewsvrwaom8krtr 10 10817 83872 2022-05-19T01:53:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Code wikitext text/x-wiki {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|{{{code|{{{1}}}}}}|lang={{{lang|{{{2|text}}}}}}|class={{{class|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|style={{{style|}}}|inline=1}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> axmqgx8vb802btxgbw39a95fmariuis 10 10818 83873 2022-05-19T01:53:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Code/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|{{High-risk|24,000+}}}} ==Usage== Wraps a short span of text in <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags (see [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight]]). This template should be used for short samples; longer content should use {{tag|pre}} or {{tag|syntaxhighlight}}. See [[Help:Wiki markup]] for an explanation of what the various tags do. If the content includes an equals sign (=), you must specify the parameter explicitly: <code><nowiki>{{code|1=date=30 Feb 2010}}</nowiki></code>. The template uses the <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tag with the attribute <code>inline=1</code>. This works like the combination of the <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><nowiki></nowiki></code> tags, applied to the expanded wikitext. For example, <code><nowiki>{{code|some '''wiki''' text}}</nowiki></code> will '''''not''''' render the word "wiki" in bold, and will render the tripled-single-quotes: :{{code|some '''wiki''' text}} However, <code><nowiki>{{code|a {{template}} call}}</nowiki></code> will still invoke the template: :{{code|a {{template}} call}} Use {{tag|nowiki}} around the template name to avoid this problem: :{{code|a <nowiki>{{template}}</nowiki> call}} When used inline with regular text, {{tnull|code}} generally looks best and is easiest to read when it is explicitly spaced apart from the regular text: :{{code|foo &nbsp;<nowiki>{{code|bar baz}}</nowiki>&nbsp; quux.}} is well spaced: :foo &nbsp;{{code|bar baz}}&nbsp; quux. versus: :{{code|foo <nowiki>{{code|bar baz}}</nowiki> quux.}} which is going to be visually confusing for many: :foo {{code|bar baz}} quux. because "foo" and "{{code|bar}}" will seem more closely associated than "{{code|bar}}" and "{{code|baz}}"; the width of the space character in a monospaced font is almost always larger than in a proportional font. Use parameter {{{2}}} (unnamed, as {{para|2}}, or more explicitly as {{para|lang}}) to specify a language for [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight]]. This option defaults to plain-text, i.e. no highlighting. There is no highlighting option for wikitext as a markup language, though {{code|html4strict}} and {{code|html5}} are valid values, as are {{code|php}}, {{code|perl}}, {{code|css}}, {{code|javascript}}, {{code|mysql}} and many others. Attempting to use an invalid one causes a list of valid ones to be displayed in place of the template output, when the page is previewed or saved. This template does not need to be [[Wikipedia:Template substitution|substituted]]. ===Examples=== {{markup |<nowiki>Lorem {{code|ipsum '''dolor'''}} sit amet</nowiki> |Lorem {{code|ipsum '''dolor'''}} sit amet |<nowiki>The declaration {{code |lang=cpp |int foo(const std::string& bar, const std::vector<long double*>& baz);}} is the prototype for a function defined later.</nowiki> |The declaration {{code |lang=cpp |int foo(const std::string& bar, const std::vector<long double*>& baz);}} is the prototype for a function defined later. |<nowiki>If the code contains an [[equals sign]], such as {{code |lang=javascript |code=var img = document.getElementsByTagName("img");}}, you must identify the first parameter explicitly as {{{1}}} or {{{code}}}; see also [[:bugzilla:5138]].</nowiki> |If the code contains an [[equals sign]], such as {{code |lang=javascript |code=var img = document.getElementsByTagName("img");}}, you must identify the first parameter explicitly as {{{1}}} or {{{code}}}; see also [[:bugzilla:5138]]. }} ===Included templates=== Embedded templates do not function as expected inside {{tl|code}}; for longer, free-form blocks of code, which can contain templates such as {{tl|var}} and {{tl|samp}}, use {{tag|code}} as a wrapper instead of this template. Templates used inside {{tl|code}} expose the rendered HTML— this can be useful. For example: <div style="overflow:auto;"> {{markup |1=<nowiki>{{code| {{cite web |title=Title |url=http://example.org}} }}</nowiki> |2={{code| {{cite web |title=Title |url=http://example.org}} }} }} </div> The above example shows the HTML rendered by the citation template, including the hidden metadata. == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "An inline source code string.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Code", "aliases": ["code"], "description": "The code to display.", "required": true, "type": "string" }, "2": { "label": "Language", "aliases": ["lang"], "description": "The programming language of the source code. List of valid values is at: [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight#Supported_languages]]", "default": "text", "suggested": true, "type": "string" }, "class": { "label": "Class", "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "ID", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS Style", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|codett}}, wrapper for this template that removes background and border styling * {{tl|mono}}, monospaced font only * {{tl|param value}}, monospaced; friendly handling for blank space * {{tl|Syntaxhighlight}} * {{tl|kbd}}, for keyboard input * [[Help:Wiki markup]] {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 79tsrq7guux8xtx2gvubd7r77gydpz1 10 10819 83874 2022-05-19T01:54:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Other category-header templates wikitext text/x-wiki ===Other category-header templates=== {{#if:{{{toc|}}} |__FORCETOC__ |__NOTOC__}} {{Navbox | name = Other category-header templates | state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}} | title = Category-heading templates | above = Templates meant to appear at or near the top of [[Special:Categories|category pages]] | bodyclass = hlist | group1 = By [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] | list1 = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | group1 = [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject namespaces|Main]] | list1 = * {{tl|Category explanation}} * {{tl|Parent-only stub category}} * {{tl|Regional stub category}} * {{tl|Set category}} * {{tl|Stub category}} * {{tl|Topic category}} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject namespaces|File]] | list2 = * {{tl|Category game screenshot header}} * {{tl|File category}} * {{tl|File template notice}} * {{tl|Image template notice1}} * {{tl|Media template notice}} | group3 = Other | list3 = * {{tl|Help category}} * {{tl|Maintenance category}} * {{tl|Portal category}} * {{tl|Sockpuppet category}} * {{tl|Template category}} * {{tl|User category}} }} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Maintenance|Maintenance]] | list2 = * {{tl|All included}} * {{tl|Category diffuse}} * {{tl|Category header}} * {{tl|Container category}} * {{tl|Diffusing subcategory}} * {{tl|Hidden category}} * {{tl|Non-diffusing parent category}} * {{tl|Non-diffusing subcategory}} * {{tl|Overpopulated category}} * {{tl|Parent cat}} * {{tl|Possibly empty category}} * {{tl|Redirect category}} * {{tl|Tracking category}} |below= * See also: [[:Template:Category hatnote templates|Category hatnote templates]] * [[:Category:Category header templates]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qmnewbpq1tnxl8logukv0jdoft91gko 10 10820 83875 2022-05-19T01:55:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Other category-header templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki ===Other category-header templates=== {{#if:{{{toc|}}} |__FORCETOC__ |__NOTOC__}} {{Navbox | name = Other category-header templates | state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}} | title = Category-heading templates | above = Templates meant to appear at or near the top of [[Special:Categories|category pages]] | bodyclass = hlist | group1 = By [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] | list1 = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | group1 = [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject namespaces|Main]] | list1 = * {{tl|Category explanation}} * {{tl|Parent-only stub category}} * {{tl|Regional stub category}} * {{tl|Set category}} * {{tl|Stub category}} * {{tl|Topic category}} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject namespaces|File]] | list2 = * {{tl|Category game screenshot header}} * {{tl|File category}} * {{tl|File template notice}} * {{tl|Image template notice1}} * {{tl|Media template notice}} | group3 = Other | list3 = * {{tl|Help category}} * {{tl|Maintenance category}} * {{tl|Portal category}} * {{tl|Sockpuppet category}} * {{tl|Template category}} * {{tl|User category}} }} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Maintenance|Maintenance]] | list2 = * {{tl|All included}} * {{tl|Category diffuse}} * {{tl|Category header}} * {{tl|Container category}} * {{tl|Diffusing subcategory}} * {{tl|Hidden category}} * {{tl|Non-diffusing parent category}} * {{tl|Non-diffusing subcategory}} * {{tl|Overpopulated category}} * {{tl|Parent cat}} * {{tl|Possibly empty category}} * {{tl|Redirect category}} * {{tl|Tracking category}} |below= * See also: [[:Template:Category hatnote templates|Category hatnote templates]] * [[:Category:Category header templates]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qmnewbpq1tnxl8logukv0jdoft91gko 10 10821 83876 2022-05-19T02:30:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tag wikitext text/x-wiki <code class="{{#ifeq:{{{wrap|}}}|yes|wrap|nowrap}}" style="{{#ifeq:{{{style|}}}|plain|border:none;background:transparent;|{{{style|}}}}}"><!-- Opening tag -->{{#switch:{{{2|pair}}} |c|close = |e|empty|s|single|v|void |o|open |p|pair = &lt;{{#if:{{{link|}}}|[[HTML element#{{{1|tag}}}|{{{1|tag}}}]]|{{{1|tag}}}}}{{#if:{{{params|{{{attribs|}}}}}}|&#32;{{{params|{{{attribs}}}}}}}} }}<!-- Content between tags -->{{#switch:{{{2|pair}}} |c|close = {{{content|}}} |e|empty|s|single|v|void = &#32;&#47;&gt; |o|open = &gt;{{{content|}}} |p|pair = {{#ifeq:{{{1|tag}}}|!--||&gt;}}{{{content|...}}} }}<!-- Closing tag -->{{#switch:{{{2|pair}}} |e|empty|s|single|v|void |o|open = |c|close |p|pair = {{#ifeq:{{{1|tag}}}|!--|--&gt;|&lt;&#47;{{{1|tag}}}&gt;}} }}<!-- --></code><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rfqa950ndrmgt6ozaa81dwgyr2n28ea 10 10822 83877 2022-05-19T02:31:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tag/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{About|'displaying' markup tags|'using' markup tags|m:Help:Magic_words#Miscellaneous{{!}}the #tag magic word|the inline maintenance tag|Template:Fix}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> : {{tc|tag|''tagname'' [|''type''] [|content&#61;''text''] [|attribs&#61;''attributes and values'']}} A [[markup tag]] is an open < and a close > angle brackets and the content within them, in a markup language, as [[XML]] or [[HTML]]: :For example, the '''<title>''' tag provides a title for the Web page. This template provides a quick way to mention a markup-style [[tag]] in a preformatted way. Mainly used in discussion/help pages. ==Parameters== {{See also|Span and div}} Required parameters shown in '''''bold italics'''''. ; {{para|1}} {{nobold|&nbsp;(''tagname'' above)}} : The XML/HTML tag's name (e.g. {{mono|100%|code}}, {{mono|100%|ref}}). ; {{para|2}} {{nobold|&nbsp;(''type'' above)}} : To indicate which of the tag's types is/are presented: :; <code>p</code> &nbsp;(<code>pair</code>) ''(default)'' : A matching pair of open/start and close/end tags (e.g. {{tag|div|pair}}).<br/>To suppress the [[ellipsis]] ("...") between the tags, add an empty {{para|content}} parameter (for example, {{tag|div|pair|content=}}). :; <code>o</code> &nbsp;(<code>open</code>) : An open/start tag (e.g. {{tag|span|open}}). :; <code>c</code> &nbsp;(<code>close</code>) : A close/end tag (e.g. {{tag|span|close}}). :; <code>e</code> &nbsp;(<code>empty</code>) &nbsp;or &nbsp;<code>s</code> &nbsp;(<code>single</code>) &nbsp;or &nbsp;<code>v</code> &nbsp;(<code>void</code>) : An empty element, formed with a single self-terminating tag (e.g. {{tag|hr|single}}); in HTML5 these are now known as "void" elements, though "empty" is the more common term. ; {{para|content}} : Text to place between open/start and close/end tags. ; {{para|attribs}} : [[HTML attribute|Attributes and values]] to be included as part of an open/start tag (this parameter can also be called {{para|params}}). ; {{para|wrap|yes}} : Disable [[:Template:Nowrap|nowrap]] for long samples, so allowing wraps ([[Help:Line-break handling|line breaks]]). ; {{para|link|yes}} : Link to the element's entry at the [[HTML element]] article, e.g.{{colon}}<br />{{in5}}{{tnull|Tag|del|link{{=}}y}}<br />produces:<br />{{in5}}{{Tag|del|link=y}}<br />This is {{em|only}} for HTML elements; the page is hard-coded, so it cannot be used for, e.g., XML elements from a particular schema. If desired, a feature for specifying the link page can be added. ==Examples== {{Markup | <nowiki>{{tag|ref}}</nowiki> | {{tag|ref}} | <nowiki>{{tag|ref|content=}}</nowiki> | {{tag|ref|content=}} | <nowiki>{{tag|ref|content=hello}}</nowiki> | {{tag|ref|content=hello}} | <nowiki>{{tag|span|content=foo}}</nowiki> | {{tag|span|content=foo}} | <nowiki>{{tag|span|open}}</nowiki> | {{tag|span|open}} | <nowiki>{{tag|span|open|content=hello}}</nowiki> | {{tag|span|open|content=hello}} | <nowiki>{{tag|span|close|content=hello}}</nowiki> | {{tag|span|close|content=hello}} | <nowiki>{{tag|span|pair|content=hello}}</nowiki> | {{tag|span|pair|content=hello}} | <nowiki>{{tag|ref|open|attribs=group="note"}}</nowiki> | {{tag|ref|open|attribs=group="note"}} | <nowiki>{{tag|references|single}}</nowiki> | {{tag|references|single}} | <nowiki>{{tag|br|single}}</nowiki> | {{tag|br|single}} | <nowiki>{{tag|!--|content=comment}}</nowiki> | {{tag|!--|content=comment}} | <nowiki>{{tag|math|attribs=chem}}</nowiki> | {{tag|math|attribs=chem}} | <nowiki>{{tag|a |attribs=href="&lt;nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/&lt;/nowiki>" |content=English Wikipedia}}</nowiki> | {{tag|a|attribs=href="<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/</nowiki>"|content=English Wikipedia}} }} == Global use and documentation== For a global use of this template in other sister or Wikimedia projects, after copying it to paste in the destination project, remember to change in the code: <pre> |p|pair = &lt;{{#if:{{{link|}}}|[[HTML element# </pre> by this one: <pre> |p|pair = &lt;{{#if:{{{link|}}}|[[Wikipedia:en:HTML element# </pre> Remark that the code '''<code>Wikipedia:en:</code>''' has been added. For template documentation in the sister project, you can use [[m:Template:Wikipedia doc|Template:Wikipedia doc]]. ==See also== * [[HTML tag]] * {{tl|HTMLElement}} * {{tl|XMLElement}} * {{tl|xtag}} adds a MediaWiki parser or extension tag that links to the extension page. * [[mw:Help:Magic words#Miscellaneous|#tag:]], the [[Wikipedia:Parser functions|parser function]] that generates working tags. ===Other formatting templates=== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:HTML typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates| ]] }}</includeonly> hma9sml3kykd9kpswlo3z1z4frp2xdl 10 10823 83878 2022-05-19T02:31:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tnull wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nolink=yes|code=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tnull}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 3wh5704zk7xm5kpqgoz7ybfwwx3479n 10 10824 83879 2022-05-19T02:32:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tnull/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|{{used in system}}| {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} This template, often abbreviated as {{tlf|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }}, is used to provide stylized formatting to template displays without actually using the template itself. ===Parameters=== With the exception of {{mono|alttext}}, the named parameters are toggles that are either omitted (default in most cases) or activated (by being assigned a value such as "on", "yes", "true", "include", etc.). They may be included in any order ([[#Examples|see Examples below]]). Certain templates have the parameter "on" by default; see [[#General-purpose formatting|the main table]] for all alternate options. {| class="wikitable" ! Parameter || Action || Use with<br>{{t|example}} || Default active |- | || Default (without accessory parameters) || {{tlg|example}} || |- | brace || Include braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || Include innermost braces as part of the template link || {{tlg|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || Renders the template link/name in '''bold''' || {{tlg|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}}, {{tl|tlxb}} |- | code || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code}}]] tags ([[monospaced font]]) || {{tlg|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}}, {{tl|Template link expanded}}, etc. |- | italic || Display any parameters accompanying the template link/name in ''italics'' ||| {{tlg|italic=yes|example|param}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || Display output using HTML [[HTML element#kbd|{{tag|kbd}}]] tags (monospaced font) || {{tlg|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || Don't render the template name as a link || {{tlg|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}}, {{t|tnull}} |- | nowrap || Prevent the insertion of line breaks ([[word wrap]]) in the output || {{tlg|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || Prevent word wrapping in the output of template name/link (parameters will wrap if needed) || {{tlg|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || Uses {{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background:transparent;"}} || {{tlg|plaincode=yes|example}} || {{tl|tltss}} |- | subst || Include a [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] prefix before the template link/name || {{tlg|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}}, {{tl|tlxs}}, etc |- | {{para|alttext|[text]}} || Use [text] as the label for the template link || {{tlg|alttext=Other|example}} || {{tl|tla}} |- | _show_result || Will also display the result of the template. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_show_result=y}} || |- | _expand || Will add a link to the expanded template page. || {{tlx|Min|7|-5|_expand=y}} || |} ====Unnamed (Positional)==== This template can take any number of [[unnamed parameter]]s as parameters accompanying the template link (or name); see Examples below. ===Examples=== {{#switch:{{SITENAME}} |Wikipedia|Meta= | ; Note: On the source sister projects, en.wikipedia and Meta, '''X0, X1, X2, …, X9 are sandbox templates''' for experimentation on involved templates that need be in template space. An auto-cleansing software facility exists that might be used to duplicate the facility on other Sister projects. }} {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |style=background-color:transparent;<!-- to see background of <code>...</code> --> | '''Code''' | '''Output''' | '''Remarks''' | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Banner}} | {{error|Banner}} template does not exist. Be aware with linking to non-existing templates, although desired. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|ok}} | ok template does exist | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us&lt;/nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|convert|<nowiki>14|m|ftin|abbr=out|sp=us</nowiki>}} | Unlimited parameters as one {{tag|nowiki|link=yes}} [[Help:Wikitext#Nowiki|string]] | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abC}} | template names are case-sensitive | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc}} | first letter is case-insensitive though | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''{{{1}}}'''<nowiki>{{spaces}}</nowiki>'''}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|abc|{{spaces}}{{{1}}}{{spaces}}}}| Using {{tl|spaces}} before and after <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki> parameter. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|code=on}} | &lt;code&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|plaincode=on}} | plaincode style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|kbd=on}} | &lt;kbd&gt; style | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on}} | bold link/name | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one|italic=on}} | parameter/s in italics | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|nolink=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|subst=on}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|brace=on}} | all braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|braceinside=on}} | inside braces in link | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext{{=}}x0 link}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|alttext=x0 link}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|brace{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x0|bold=on|code=on|brace=on}} | No reason you can't combine multiple parameter settings | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|bold=on|code=on|one|two}} | Can combine named and anonymous parameters … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold{{=}}on|code{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two|bold=on|code=on}} | … in any order … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three}} | … even intermixed … | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code{{=}}on|two|bold{{=}}on|three|italic{{=}}on}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|code=on|two|bold=on|three|italic=on}} | … with many different configurations. | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x3|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10}} | | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}}} | {{{1|tlg}}} | with no arguments, the current page name is substituted | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x=u}} | '''{{=}}''' won't work | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&amp;#61;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&#61;u}} | {{align|right|<code>&amp;#61;</code> is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x{{=}}u}} | {{align|right|<code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> is okay (see [[:template:=|template equal sign]])}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x&lt;nowiki&gt;&#61;&lt;/nowiki&gt;u}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|x<nowiki>=</nowiki>u}} | {{align|right|sticky nowiki is okay}} | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki />|two|<nowiki />|<nowiki />}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2||two||}} | empty parameters work too, even at the end | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|<nowiki>3=two</nowiki>|<nowiki>2=one</nowiki>}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|3=two|2=one}} | {{align|right|right to left okay}} }} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (default) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|long template name that would wrap to new line|this is a long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrap=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} {| class="wikitable" |style="background-color:transparent;" |+ style="text-align:left;" | Wrapping of long names (<kbd>nowrapname=on</kbd>) |- ! Code ! style="width:15em;" | Output |- | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname{{=}}on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=on|long template name that would wrap to new line|long value for the 1st parameter that would wrap}} |} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 1jnxbfoa5ikwn6zains39ycrozzze9s 10 10825 83880 2022-05-19T02:37:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Module rating/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> This template is used to rate [[WP:LUA|Lua modules]] by quality. It is placed at the top of the module's /doc subpage. It produces a message informing users about the rating system, and it also places the module into a tracking category. == Usage == Basic usage: {{pre|{{tlx|module rating|''rating''}}}} Without categories: {{pre|{{tlx|module rating|''rating''|3=nocat=true}}}} If {{tlx|Module rating}} is used outside the Module namespace, an error message is displayed instead and will be categorized under [[:Category:Pages with templates in the wrong namespace]]. If the documentation subpage is also protected: {{pre|{{tlx|module rating|''rating''|3=reason for documentation protection|4=action for documentation protection}}}} The second and third unnamed arguments correspond to reason and action of {{tl|Pp}} which gets included on the documentation subpage if at least the second unnamed argument is present. == Ratings == The rating should be placed in the first positional parameter. There are six different ratings: '''pre-alpha''', '''alpha''', '''beta''', '''release''', and '''protected''', and '''semiprotected'''. There are also short alias codes for each of the ratings. {| class="wikitable" !scope="col"| Rating !scope="col"| Aliases !scope="col"| Result |- !scope="row"| <code>pre-alpha</code> | <code>prealpha</code><br/><code>pa</code> | {{module rating|pre-alpha|nocat=true|demospace=Module}} |- !scope="row"| <code>alpha</code> | <code>a</code> | {{module rating|alpha|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |- !scope="row"| <code>beta</code> | <code>b</code> | {{module rating|beta|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |- !scope="row"| <code>release</code> | <code>r</code><br/><code>general</code><br/><code>g</code> | {{module rating|release|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |- !scope="row"| <code>protected</code> | <code>protect</code><br/><code>p</code> | {{module rating|protected|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |- !scope="row"| <code>semiprotected</code> | <code>semiprotect</code><br/><code>semi</code> | {{module rating|semi|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |- !scope="row"| ''Anything else or if missing'' | | {{module rating|prdaskidkated|nocat=true|demospace=module}} |} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template is used to rate Lua modules by quality. It is placed at the top of the module's /doc subpage. It produces a message informing users about the rating system, and it also places the module into a tracking category.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Rating", "description": "One of 'pre-alpha', 'alpha', 'beta', 'release', 'protected' or 'semiprotected', or an approved (see full docs) abbreviation for one of these. As quality ratings, 'protected' and 'semiprotected' can be considered equivalent to 'release', with editing restrictions.", "suggestedvalues": [ "pre-alpha", "alpha", "beta", "release", "protected", "semiprotected" ], "required": true, "type": "string" }, "nocat": { "label": "Do not categorize", "description": "Set to true to disable categorization by rating. Normally leave blank.", "autovalue": "true", "type": "boolean" }, "demospace": { "label": "Fake namespace", "description": "Set to module to force template to display outside that namespace. Demonstration purposes only.", "example": "module", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata>}} == Categories == The template will put modules in one of the following categories, according to the rating specified: * [[:Category:Modules in pre-alpha development]] * [[:Category:Modules in alpha]] * [[:Category:Modules in beta]] * [[:Category:Modules for general use]] * [[:Category:Modules subject to page protection]] These categories are suppressed on pages ending with /doc. To suppress categories on all pages, you can use the code {{para|nocat|true}}. == See also == * {{tl|module-rating categories}} * [[Wikipedia:Lua]] * [[Wikipedia:Lua requests]] * {{tl|Lua}} * {{tl|Template rating}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Template documentation]] }}</includeonly> nz4dqe24bih0amojqy796thxgtglpeg 828 10826 83882 2022-05-19T02:47:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Documentation Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- Get the config table. local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- Often-used functions. local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -- -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p -- table for testing purposes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate. -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'. -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc. -- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.', -- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return mw.ustring.format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return mw.ustring.format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return mw.ustring.format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return '<span class="' .. message('toolbar-class') .. '">(' .. table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') .. ')</span>' end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Argument processing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace. if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Entry points ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- This function defines logic flow for the module. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Environment settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and -- /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.fullUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[Image:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '' local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(message('sandbox-category')) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end local data = {} data.title = title data.docTitle = docTitle -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. data.viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display') data.editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display') data.historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display') data.purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display') -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end data.preload = preload data.createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') return data end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local function escapeBrackets(s) -- Escapes square brackets with HTML entities. s = s:gsub('%[', '&#91;') -- Replace square brackets with HTML entities. s = s:gsub('%]', '&#93;') return s end local ret local docTitle = data.docTitle local title = data.title local purgeLink = makeUrlLink(title:fullUrl{action = 'purge'}, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'}, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'}, data.historyLinkDisplay) ret = '[%s] [%s] [%s] [%s]' ret = escapeBrackets(ret) ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, viewLink, editLink, historyLink, purgeLink) else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) ret = '[%s] [%s]' ret = escapeBrackets(ret) ret = mw.ustring.format(ret, createLink, purgeLink) end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local ret if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeUrlLink(editUrl, editDisplay) local historyUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'history'} local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeUrlLink(historyUrl, historyDisplay) ret = message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) ret = message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end return ret end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxEditUrl, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesEditUrl, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:fullUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText local ret = '' if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then ret = ret .. makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return ret end return p hhe6rl9gdvqywjk6r1tbi4ymwotbf24 828 10827 83883 2022-05-19T02:47:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Documentation/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Documentation/config|Module:Arguments|Module:Message box|Module:Module wikitext|Module:Protection banner}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Documentation/styles.css}} This module displays a blue box containing documentation for [[Help:Template|templates]], [[Wikipedia:Lua|Lua modules]], or other pages. The {{tl|documentation}} template invokes it. == Normal usage == For most uses, you should use the {{tl|documentation}} template; please see that template's page for its usage instructions and parameters. == Use in other modules == To use this module from another Lua module, first load it with <code>require</code>: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local documentation = require('Module:Documentation').main </syntaxhighlight> Then you can simply call it using a table of arguments. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> documentation{content = 'Some documentation', ['link box'] = 'My custom link box'} </syntaxhighlight> Please refer to the [[Template:Documentation/doc|template documentation]] for usage instructions and a list of parameters. == Porting to other wikis == The module has a configuration file at [[Module:Documentation/config]] which is intended to allow easy translation and porting to other wikis. Please see the code comments in the config page for instructions. If you have any questions, or you need a feature which is not currently implemented, please leave a message at <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Documentation Template talk:Documentation]</span><!-- this link uses external link syntax because it is intended to direct users from third-party wikis to the Wikipedia template talk page; in this situation, an internal link would unhelpfully just point to their local template talk page, and the existence of any given interwiki prefix cannot be assumed --> to get the attention of a developer. The messages that need to be customized to display a documentation template/module at the top of module pages are [[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-show]] and [[MediaWiki:Scribunto-doc-page-does-not-exist]]. bznis37wou3eqdfcafog8csr5xupqao 828 10828 83884 2022-05-19T02:54:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Documentation/config/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-risk}} {{module rating|protected}} This is the configuration file for [[Module:Documentation]]. This file can be edited to allow easy translation/porting of the module to other wikis. qyz0nuixzsqgb409yrjij3uk7vx1ghj 10 10829 83885 2022-05-19T02:56:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yesno wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>lc: {{{1|¬}}} }} |no |n |f |false |off |0 = {{{no|<!-- null -->}}} | = {{{blank|{{{no|<!-- null -->}}}}}} |¬ = {{{¬|}}} |yes |y |t |true |on |1 = {{{yes|yes}}} |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bioaq6x8oitfnx7oqmfhviol4hbp1nd 10 10830 83886 2022-05-19T02:56:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yesno/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:High-use}} This is the {{tlx|high-use}} message box. It is meant to be put at the top of the documentation subpage for templates transcluded onto more than 2,000 pages. For templates transcluded onto more than 100,000 pages, or if the first parameter is set to <code>risk</code>, then a stronger wording is given. '''Note''': It is normal that some of the links in the message box are red. == Usage == {{tlx |High-use}} {{tlx |High-use |2=2=''discussion page, or use + notation'' |3=info=''additional text'' }} '''all parameters''' <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{High-use |1= |2= |info= |demo= |form= |expiry= }} </pre> The template can be used as is, and will automatically use bot-updated transclusion counts from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]], when available. It can also take some parameters: * <code>1=''number of transclusions''</code>: ''(deprecated)'' The first parameter is either a static number of times the template has been transcluded, or the word "risk" (without quotes) to display "a very large number of" instead of the actual value. This value will be ignored, if transclusion data is available for the current page (generally, for templates with more than 2,000 transclusions). * <code>2=''discussion page, or use + notation''</code>: The second parameter is overloaded. It will cause the number of transclusions to display as "#,###+" instead of "approximately #,###" when set equal to "yes" (without quotes). When used in this manner, values will be rounded down, instead of rounded to the nearest number with the appropriate number of significant figures. When set to any other non-blank value, it will replace the link to the template's talk page to the value of the parameter (for example, <code>2=WP:VPT</code> will insert a link to [[WP:VPT]]), * {{para|info|&lt;{{var|extra information}}>}}: When set to non-blank, will insert &lt;{{var|extra information}}> into the template text. * {{para|demo|&lt;{{var|Template_name}}>}}: Will use the transclusion count for the template at <code><nowiki>[[Template:</nowiki>&lt;{{var|Template_name}}>]]</code> instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. * {{para|form}}: When set to "<code>editnotice</code>", will display the message using {{tl|editnotice}} instead of {{tl|ombox}}. * {{para|expiry}}: Sets the {{para|expiry}} parameter for {{tl|editnotice}}. * {{para|no-percent|yes}}: suppresses automatic 'percent of all pages' annotation; 'percent of all pages' annotation is automatically added when template is used in more than 1% of all pages (currently <code><nowiki>{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}</nowiki></code> is {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages so 1% is {{formatnum:{{#expr:trunc ({{formatnum:{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}|R}}/100)}}}} pages) == Examples == The full code for a /doc page top usually looks like this: <pre> {{documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high-use}} </pre> === Standard form === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use}}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use | |Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }}</nowiki>}} === Rounding and + notation === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} === Editnotice form === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |form=editnotice }}</nowiki>}} === High risk === {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |demo=Yesno }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |demo=Yesno |no-percent=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |risk |demo=High-use }}</nowiki>}} {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{high-use |risk |Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates |info=This is a very large number! |demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} == Technical details == The [[Template:High-use/sandbox|/sandbox]] and [[Template:High-use/testcases|/testcases]] links are the standard names for such subpages. If those pages are created, then the green /doc box for the template will detect them and link to them in its heading. For instance, see the top of this documentation. [[User:Ahechtbot|Ahechtbot]] compiles usage statistics for all templates with 2,000 or more transclusions, using [[User:Ahechtbot/transclusioncount.py]], and writes them to subpages of [[Module:Transclusion count/data]] (see [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Ahechtbot 6]]). These pages are usually updated every Sunday, but since running the query is resource intensive, it may be delayed or skipped if Wikipedia server usage is high. '''Important''': If a transclusion count is available in [[Module:Transclusion count/data]], any manually input values will be ignored by this template. == Supporting templates and modules == * {{tl|ombox}} which uses {{m2|Message box|ombox}} * {{tl|editnotice}} which uses {{m2|Message box|fmbox}} * {{m2|high-use|main}} * {{m2|transclusion count|fetch}} ==Redirects== {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| *{{tl|heavilytranscluded}} *{{tl|high risk}} *{{tl|high-risk}} *{{tl|high use}} *{{tl|risky template}} }} == See also == * {{tl|Intricate template}} – for templates that are complex, using less obvious techniques * {{tl|pp-template}} – protection template that usually is put on high-risk templates * {{tl|Used in system}} – for templates used in the Wikipedia user interface * [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases]] == Template counters == * [[toollabs:templatecount/]] – easy to use, returns current (real time) transclusion count for a template * <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MostLinkedTemplates|limit=500}} Special:MostLinkedTemplates]</span> – special page search for most transcluded templates * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] – template count data used by this template that is broken down by first letter of template and rounded to two or three significant figures, and updated weekly * [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] – lists the 1000 most transcluded templates, not updated since November 2018 <!-- * [[tools:~dispenser/cgi-bin/embeddedincount.py]] – Seems to lack human interface, probably meant for programs to call. (not working anymore) --> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> rl5mjsqd9ftj9xf5j1zktryhlcgcq9v 828 10831 83889 2022-05-19T03:28:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Documentation/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .documentation, .documentation-metadata { border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #ecfcf4; clear: both; } .documentation { margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 1em; } .documentation-metadata { margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */ font-style: italic; padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */ } .documentation-startbox { padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 1ex; } .documentation-heading { font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; } .documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */ clear: both; } .documentation-toolbar { font-style: normal; font-size: 85%; } o2ia525en7wbq32mq4fpdevtl5d6pcb 10 10832 83890 2022-05-19T03:31:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pp wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 8rt1snyv5yit3jnuzrbl00negaj27e5 10 10833 83891 2022-05-19T03:31:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pp/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Twinkle standard installation}} {{lua|Module:Protection banner}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> This is a general template for producing protection banners and padlock icons. It can be used with any protection reason, any protection action, and any protection level. == Usage == &#123;{pp | 1 = ''reason'' | small = ''yes'' | action = ''action'' | date = ''protection date'' | user = ''username'' | section = ''talk page section name'' | category = ''no'' }&#125; == Parameters == All parameters are optional: * '''1''' – The reason that the page was protected. If set, this must be one of the values listed in the [[#Reasons|reasons table]]. * '''small''' – If set to "yes", "y", "1", or "true", a padlock icon is generated instead of a full protection banner. * '''action''' – The protection action. Must be one of "edit" (for normal protection), "move" (for move-protection) or "autoreview" (for pending changes). The default value is "edit". * '''date''' – The protection date. This must be valid input to the second parameter of the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|#time parser function]]. This argument only has an effect for the "office" and "reset" reasons. * '''user''' – The username of the user to generate links for. As of July 2014, this only has an effect when the "usertalk" reason is specified. * '''section''' – The section name of the protected page's talk page where discussion is taking place. This works for most, but not all, values of ''reason''. * '''category''' – Categories are suppressed if this is set to "no", "n", "0", or "false". == Reasons == The following table contains the available reasons, plus the actions for which they are available. {{#invoke:Protection banner/documentation|reasonTable}} == Syntax examples == '''Padlock icons''' Padlock icon for a page protected due to vandalism: &#123;{pp|vandalism|small=yes}&#125; Padlock icon for a page temporarily protected due to editing disputes: &#123;{pp|dispute|small=yes}&#125; '''Banners''' Banner for a page protected due to sockpuppetry, with a link to a talk page discussion: &#123;{pp|sock|section=Sockpuppetry concerns}&#125; Banner for a page temporarily move-protected due to page-move vandalism: &#123;{pp|vandalism|action=move}&#125; == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Produces banners to describe why a page is protected and padlock icons", "params": { "1": { "label": "Reason", "description": "Reason for protection, may be one of: blp, dispute, dmca, mainpage, office, reset, sock, template, usertalk, vandalism", "example": "blp", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "small": { "description": "Specifies whether the small format is used. If set to \"yes\", \"y\", \"1\", or \"true\", a padlock icon is generated instead of a full protection banner.", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no", "suggested": true }, "action": { "description": "Protection action. Must be one of \"edit\" (for normal protection), \"move\" (for move-protection) or \"autoreview\" (for pending changes). The default value is \"edit\".", "example": "edit", "type": "string", "default": "edit" }, "date": { "description": "Protection date. This must be valid input to the second parameter of the #time parser function. This argument only has an effect for the \"office\" and \"reset\" reasons.", "type": "date" }, "user": { "description": "Username of the user to generate links for. This only has an effect when the \"usertalk\" reason is specified.", "type": "wiki-user-name" }, "section": { "description": "Section name of the protected page's talk page where discussion is taking place. This works for most, but not all, values of reason.", "type": "string" }, "category": { "description": "Categories are suppressed if this is set to \"no\", \"n\", \"0\", or \"false\".", "type": "boolean" } } } </templatedata> == See also == {{Protection templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Protection templates]] }}</includeonly> mo3ct4yz85je63a8gfeqh1rdd09hxby 828 10834 83892 2022-05-19T03:32:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protection banner Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}. -- Initialise necessary modules. require('Module:No globals') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need. local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang -- Set constants. local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protection banner/config' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) if cat then return string.format( '[[%s:%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat, sort ) end end -- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date local function validateDate(dateString, dateType) if not lang then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString) if success then result = tonumber(result) if result then return result end end error(string.format( 'invalid %s: %s', dateType, tostring(dateString) ), 4) end local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display) return string.format( '[%s %s]', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)), display ) end -- Given a directed graph formatted as node -> table of direct successors, -- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always -- including the given node). local function getReachableNodes(graph, start) local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {} while true do -- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the "first" key if k == nil then return retval end toWalk[k] = nil retval[k] = true for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do if not retval[v] then toWalk[v] = true end end end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Protection = {} Protection.__index = Protection Protection.supportedActions = { edit = true, move = true, autoreview = true, upload = true } Protection.bannerConfigFields = { 'text', 'explanation', 'tooltip', 'alt', 'link', 'image' } function Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set action if not args.action then obj.action = 'edit' elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then obj.action = args.action else error(string.format( 'invalid action: %s', tostring(args.action) ), 3) end -- Set level obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title) if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then -- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat -- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected. obj.level = '*' end -- Set expiry local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title) if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then obj.expiry = 'indef' elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date') end -- Set reason if args[1] then obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]) if obj.reason:find('|') then error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("|")', 3) end end -- Set protection date if args.date then obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date') end -- Set banner config do obj.bannerConfig = {} local configTables = {} if cfg.banners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason] end if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level] configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default end configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do if t[field] then obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field] break end end end end return setmetatable(obj, Protection) end function Protection:isUserScript() -- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page. local title = self.title return title.namespace == 2 and ( title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' ) end function Protection:isProtected() return self.level ~= '*' end function Protection:shouldShowLock() -- Whether we should output a banner/padlock return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript() end -- Whether this page needs a protection category. Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock function Protection:isTemporary() return type(self.expiry) == 'number' end function Protection:makeProtectionCategory() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return '' end local cfg = self._cfg local title = self.title -- Get the expiry key fragment. local expiryFragment if self.expiry == 'indef' then expiryFragment = self.expiry elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then expiryFragment = 'temp' end -- Get the namespace key fragment. local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace] if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then namespaceFragment = 'talk' end -- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an -- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its -- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table. local order = { {val = expiryFragment, keypos = 1}, {val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2}, {val = self.reason, keypos = 3}, {val = self.level, keypos = 4}, {val = self.action, keypos = 5} } --[[ -- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system, -- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and -- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module -- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the -- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason. -- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to -- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the -- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table -- instead. --]] table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3)) --[[ -- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil "value" -- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key -- "all". This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in -- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of -- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the -- noActive parameter. --]] local noActive, attemptOrder do local active, inactive = {}, {} for i, t in ipairs(order) do if t.val then active[#active + 1] = t else inactive[#inactive + 1] = t end end noActive = #active attemptOrder = active for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t end end --[[ -- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a -- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are -- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different -- key fragment combinations until we match using the key -- "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix -- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active -- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix -- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment "all", and -- 1 corresponding to other key fragments. -- -- j 1 2 3 -- i -- 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 -- 4 0 0 1 -- 5 1 1 0 -- 6 0 1 0 -- 7 1 0 0 -- 8 0 0 0 -- -- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set -- to the string "all". -- -- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i. -- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in -- each subtable. --]] local cats = cfg.protectionCategories for i = 1, 2^noActive do local key = {} for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do if j > noActive then key[t.keypos] = 'all' else local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1) quotient = math.ceil(quotient) if quotient % 2 == 1 then key[t.keypos] = t.val else key[t.keypos] = 'all' end end end key = table.concat(key, '|') local attempt = cats[key] if attempt then return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text) end end return '' end function Protection:isIncorrect() local expiry = self.expiry return not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() or type(expiry) == 'number' and expiry < os.time() end function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace return self.level == 'templateeditor' and ( (action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move') or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828) ) end function Protection:makeCategoryLinks() local msg = self._cfg.msg local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()} if self:isIncorrect() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-incorrect'], self.title.text ) end if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-template'], self.title.text ) end return table.concat(ret) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Blurb class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Blurb = {} Blurb.__index = Blurb Blurb.bannerTextFields = { text = true, explanation = true, tooltip = true, alt = true, link = true } function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) return setmetatable({ _cfg = cfg, _protectionObj = protectionObj, _args = args }, Blurb) end -- Private methods -- function Blurb:_formatDate(num) -- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format. lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage() local success, date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y', '@' .. tostring(num) ) if success then return date end end function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey) return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey]) end function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg) if not self._params then local parameterFuncs = {} parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST = self._makeEditRequestParameter parameterFuncs.EXPIRY = self._makeExpiryParameter parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK = self._makeImageLinkParameter parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE = self._makePagetypeParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE = self._makeProtectionDateParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG = self._makeProtectionLogParameter parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE = self._makeTalkPageParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.VANDAL = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter self._params = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (t, k) local param if parameterFuncs[k] then param = parameterFuncs[k](self) end param = param or '' t[k] = param return param end }) end msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params) return msg end function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter() -- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of -- protection. local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then -- We need the move log link. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'move', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display') ) else -- We need the history link. return makeFullUrl( pagename, {action = 'history'}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter() local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request') local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level -- Get the edit request type. local requestType if action == 'edit' then if level == 'autoconfirmed' then requestType = 'semi' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then requestType = 'extended' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then requestType = 'template' end end requestType = requestType or 'full' -- Get the display value. local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display') return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display} end function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter() local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry if type(expiry) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(expiry) else return expiry end end function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter() -- Cover special cases first. if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect') end -- Get explanation blurb table keys local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject' -- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any -- parameters. local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs local msg if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey] elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then msg = explanations[action][level].default elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey] elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then msg = explanations[action].default.default else error(string.format( 'could not find explanation blurb for action "%s", level "%s" and talk key "%s"', action, level, talkKey ), 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter() local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if imageLinks[action][level] then msg = imageLinks[action][level] elseif imageLinks[action].default then msg = imageLinks[action].default else msg = imageLinks.edit.default end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter() local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace] or pagetypes.default or error('no default pagetype defined', 8) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter() local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level] elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default else error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter() local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(protectionDate) else return protectionDate end end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter() local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionLevels[action][level] then msg = protectionLevels[action][level] elseif protectionLevels[action].default then msg = protectionLevels[action].default elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then msg = protectionLevels.edit.default else error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter() local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then -- We need the pending changes log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'stable', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display') ) else -- We need the protection log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'protect', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter() return string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, self._protectionObj.title.text, self._args.section or 'top', self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display') ) end function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter() return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title="vandal-m", args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText} } end -- Public methods -- function Blurb:makeBannerText(key) -- Validate input. if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then error(string.format( '"%s" is not a valid banner config field', tostring(key) ), 2) end -- Generate the text. local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key] if type(msg) == 'string' then return self:_substituteParameters(msg) elseif type(msg) == 'function' then msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args) if type(msg) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( 'bad output from banner config function with key "%s"' .. ' (expected string, got %s)', tostring(key), type(msg) ), 4) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- BannerTemplate class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local BannerTemplate = {} BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg -- Set the image filename. local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image if imageFilename then obj._imageFilename = imageFilename else -- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config, -- generate it from the protection status and the namespace. local action = protectionObj.action local level = protectionObj.level local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace local reason = protectionObj.reason -- Deal with special cases first. if ( namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason] ) and action == 'edit' and level == 'sysop' and not protectionObj:isTemporary() then -- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red "indef" -- padlock. obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef'] else -- Deal with regular protection types. local images = obj._cfg.images if images[action] then if images[action][level] then obj._imageFilename = images[action][level] elseif images[action].default then obj._imageFilename = images[action].default end end end end return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate) end function BannerTemplate:renderImage() local filename = self._imageFilename or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default'] or 'Transparent.gif' return makeFileLink{ file = filename, size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px', alt = self._imageAlt, link = self._imageLink, caption = self.imageCaption } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Banner class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Banner.__index = Banner function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 40 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip. obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text') obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation') obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing. return setmetatable(obj, Banner) end function Banner:__tostring() -- Renders the banner. makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2) local explanationText = self._explanationText local mbargs = { page = self._page, type = 'protection', image = self:renderImage(), text = string.format( "'''%s'''%s", reasonText, explanationText and '<br />' .. explanationText or '' ) } return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Padlock.__index = Padlock function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 20 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip') obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link') obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action] or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default or 'pp-default' return setmetatable(obj, Padlock) end function Padlock:__tostring() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles. return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = {name = self._indicatorName}, content = self:renderImage() } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- This is used for testing purposes. return { Protection = Protection, Blurb = Blurb, BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate, Banner = Banner, Padlock = Padlock, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) args = args or {} cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local ret = {} -- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its -- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything -- for the other action (except categories). if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or args.demolevel or not getReachableNodes( cfg.hierarchy, protectionObj.level )[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)]) then -- Initialise the blurb object local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) -- Render the banner if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then ret[#ret + 1] = tostring( (yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner) .new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) ) end end -- Render the categories if yesno(args.category) ~= false then ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks() end return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) -- Find default args, if any. local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent() local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')] -- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a -- wrapper template. getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local userArgs = getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = defaultArgs, frameOnly = not defaultArgs }) -- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return p._main(args, cfg) end return p ktral6mmlw9hhlxwgaq85237qklrdx8 828 10835 83893 2022-05-19T03:33:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protection banner/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Protection banner/config|Module:No globals|Module:File link|Module:Effective protection level|Module:Effective protection expiry|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments|Module:Message box|Module:Submit an edit request}} This module creates protection banners and padlock icons that are placed at the top of [[Help:Protection|protected pages]]. == Usage == Most users will not need to use this module directly. For adding protection templates to pages you can use the {{tl|pp}} template, or you may find it more convenient to use one of the more specific protection templates in the table below. {{protection templates}} === From wikitext === &#123;{#invoke:Protection banner|main | 1 = ''reason'' | small = ''yes/no'' | action = ''action'' | date = ''protection date'' | user = ''username'' | section = ''talk page section name'' | category = ''no'' }&#125; The #invoke syntax can be used for creating protection templates more specific than {{tl|pp}}. For example, it is possible to create a protection template which always shows a padlock icon by using the code <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Protection banner|main|small=yes}}</nowiki></code>. Pages which call this template will still be able to use other arguments, like ''action''. However, this only works one level deep; a page calling a template which calls another template containing the above code will not automatically be able to use parameters like ''action''. '''''Note:''' You should no longer specify the expiry, as it is automatically retrieved in all cases.'' === From Lua === First, load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mProtectionBanner = require('Module:Protection banner') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can make protection banners by using the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mProtectionBanner._main(args, cfg, titleObj) </syntaxhighlight> <var>args</var> is a table of arguments to pass to the module. For possible keys and values for this table, see the [[#Parameters|parameters section]]. The <var>cfg</var> and <var>titleObj</var> variables are intended only for testing; <var>cfg</var> specifies a customised config table to use instead of [[Module:Protection banner/config]], and <var>titleObj</var> specifies a mw.title object to use instead of the current title. <var>args</var>, <var>cfg</var> and <var>titleObj</var> are all optional. == Parameters == All parameters are optional. * '''1''' – the reason that the page was protected. If set, this must be one of the values listed in the [[#Reasons|reasons table]]. * '''small''' – if set to "yes", "y", "1", or "true", a padlock icon is generated instead of a full protection banner. * '''action''' – the protection action. Must be one of "edit" (for normal protection), "move" (for move-protection) or "autoreview" (for pending changes). The default value is "edit". * '''date''' – the protection date. This must be valid input to the second parameter of the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|#time parser function]]. This argument has an effect for reasons that use the PROTECTIONDATE parameter in their configuration. As of July 2014, those were the "office" and "reset" reasons. * '''user''' – the username of the user to generate links for. As of July 2014, this only has an effect when the "usertalk" reason is specified. * '''section''' – the section name of the protected page's talk page where discussion is taking place. This works for most, but not all, values of ''reason''. * '''category''' – categories are suppressed if this is set to "no", "n", "0", or "false". * '''catonly''' – if set to "yes", "y", "1", or "true", will only return the protection categories, and not return the banner or padlock. This has no visible output. == Reasons == The following table contains the available reasons, plus the actions for which they are available. {{#invoke:Protection banner/documentation|reasonTable}} == Errors == Below is a list of some of the common errors that this module can produce, and how to fix them. === Invalid protection date === {{error|Error: invalid protection date ("abc")}} This error is produced if you supply a {{para|date}} parameter value that is not recognised as a valid date by the #time parser function. If in doubt, you can just use a date in the format "dd Month YYYY", e.g. "{{#time:j F Y|+ 1 week}}". To see a full range of valid inputs, see the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time|#time documentation]] (only the first parameter, the ''format string'', may be specified). === Invalid action === {{error|Error: invalid action ("abc")}} This error is produced if you specify an invalid protection action. There are only three valid actions: <code>edit</code> (the default, for normal protection), <code>move</code> (for move-protection), and <code>autoreview</code> (for [[WP:PC|pending changes]]). This should only be possible if you are using a template that supports manually specifying the protection action, such as {{tl|pp}}, or if you are using #invoke directly. If this is not the case, please leave a message on [[Module talk:Protection banner]]. === Reasons cannot contain the pipe character === {{error|Error: reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("&#124;")}} This error is produced if you specify a reason using the {{para|1}} parameter that includes a pipe character ("&#124;"). Please check that you are not entering the {{tl|!}} template into this parameter by mistake. The pipe character is disallowed as the module uses it internally. A list of valid reasons can be seen in the [[#Reasons|reasons section]]. === Other errors === If you see an error other than the ones above, it is likely to either be a bug in the module or mistake in the configuration. Please post a message about it at [[Module talk:Protection banner]]. == Technical details == This module uses configuration data from [[Module:Protection banner/config]]. Most of the module's behaviour can be configured there, making it easily portable across different wikis and different languages. General test cases for the module can be found at [[w:en:Module:Protection banner/testcases|Module:Protection banner/testcases]], and test cases specific to enwiki's config can be found at [[w:en:Module:Protection banner/config/testcases|Module:Protection banner/config/testcases]]. Bug reports and feature requests should be made on [[w:en:Module talk:Protection banner|the module's talk page]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> hlv6by48adjh6lenuslm4vaweoeth76 14 10836 83894 2022-05-19T03:36:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Pages with TemplateStyles errors wikitext text/x-wiki {{polluted category}} {{Maintenance category |hidden=true |tracking=true }} {{empty category}} [[Category:Tracking categories automatically populated by MediaWiki]] rdki5zhmslboh9sp75oslr0ahbx8j5u 14 10837 83895 2022-05-19T03:37:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Tracking categories automatically populated by MediaWiki wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category |tracking=yes |container=yes |description=Tracking categories that are automatically populated by the wiki software, see [[Special:TrackingCategories]].}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Tracking categories|*]] se2gurihw1bk0vurdunqsls7m8cjqbi 10 10838 83896 2022-05-19T03:37:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:CatAutoTOC wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # TOC, depending on category size # <= 100 pages → no TOC # 101–1200 pages → {{Category TOC}} # > 1200 pages → {{Large category TOC}} -->{{Category other|<!-- ################################################################################# #### This is a category page, so generate a TOC if needed. #### #### #### #### Use a sub-template [[Template:CatAutoTOC/core]], so that we never have #### #### more than one call to the [[WP:EXPENSIVE]] function {{PAGESINCATEGORY}} #### ################################################################################# -->{{CatAutoTOC/core<!-- -->|pagecount={{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{PAGENAME}} }}|R}}<!-- -->|align = {{{align|}}}<!-- -->|top = {{{top|}}}<!-- -->|numerals = {{{numerals|}}}<!-- -->|uppercase = {{{uppercase|}}}<!-- -->|lowercase = {{{lowercase|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{Template other<!-- -->|<!-- ################################################################################# #### This page is a template, so categorise it #### #### in [[Category:Templates using CatAutoTOC]] ... #### #### #### #### ... unless it is a /doc, /testcases or /sandbox #### #### #### #### There is no point categorising every sub-page of the same template #### ################################################################################# -->{{#if: {{Str endswith|{{PAGENAME}}|/doc}}{{Str endswith|{{PAGENAME}}|/testcases}}{{Str endswith|{{PAGENAME}}|/sandbox}}<!-- -->|<!-- ### Don't categorise /doc, /testcases or /sandbox pages -->|<!-- ### Not a /doc, /testcases or /sandbox page, so categorise it -->[[Category:Templates using CatAutoTOC]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Wikipedia CatAutoTOC]] </noinclude> to6tg86k0y2xm30shk1ulz4uxrz8fnn 10 10839 83898 83897 2022-05-19T03:38:32Z BevoLJ 10818 clean {{High-use}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{lua|Module:HTMLDecode}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Adds a Table of Contents (TOC) to a category page if the category's size warrants it. The size thresholds are: # <= 100 pages → no TOC # 101–1200 pages → {{tl|Category TOC}} # > 1200 pages → {{tl|Large category TOC}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{CatAutoTOC}}</nowiki></code> On category pages, <code><nowiki>{{CatAutoTOC}}</nowiki></code> can be placed wherever you want the TOC to be displayed. On a category header template, it is best placed outside any <code><nowiki><includeonly></includeonly></nowiki></code> tags, so that the template is categorised as using CatAutoTOC. === Parameters === No parameters are needed. However, the parameters available {{tl|Category TOC}} may be supplied, and if CatAutoTOC calls {{tl|Category TOC}}, those parameters will be passed on to {{tl|Category TOC}}. So e.g. <code><nowiki>{{CatAutoTOC|align=center}}</nowiki></code> will: # Have no effect if no TOC is generated # Align to the center if {{tl|Category TOC}} is used # Have no effect if {{tl|Large category TOC}} is used, because {{tl|Large category TOC}} accepts no parameters == Tracking == <div style="display:block; float:right">{{CatAutoTOC stats}}</div> Each page using this template is categorised in one of three tracking categories: * [[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates no TOC]] * [[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC]] * [[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates Large category TOC]] Templates which transclude {{tl|CatAutoTOC}} are categorised in * [[:Category:Templates using CatAutoTOC]] (population: {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Templates using CatAutoTOC}}) ... but only if the transclusion is outside any <code><nowiki><noinclude></noinclude></nowiki></code> tags <small>{{Purge|''Purge this page to update the totals''}}</small> == Bugs == This template uses the [[Help:Magic words|magic word]] <code><nowiki>{{PAGESINCATEGORY}}</nowiki></code> to count the number of pages in the category. Unfortunately, this function can return wildly erroneous results on some categories which have had many pages added and removed. This bug is well-known, and has been documented in several places since 2010, including: * [[phab:T18036]] * [[phab:T221795]] * [[phab:T69196]] In the overwhelming majority of categories, the count is recorded accurately enough to support use of this template. However, there seemed to be some issue with <code><nowiki>{{PAGESINCATEGORY}}</nowiki></code> falsely returning zero in some cases. This is tracked in: * [[:Category:CatAutoTOC on pages where PAGESINCATEGORY returns zero]] (population: {{PAGESINCATEGORY:CatAutoTOC on pages where PAGESINCATEGORY returns zero}}) As of 19 April 2020, that problem seems to have been fixed by a small but cunning tweak[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACatAutoTOC&type=revision&diff=951919806&oldid=950933704] to how <code><nowiki>{{PAGESINCATEGORY}}</nowiki></code> is called. The category ''should'' contain only pages labelled as "empty". <small>{{Purge page|''Purge page to update totals''}}</small> == See also == {{Category TOC see also}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Category header templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia category table of contents templates]] }}</includeonly> f1437iryaj4a5h0gxwleorupo5bwyvq 10 10840 83899 2022-05-19T03:39:21Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Maintenance category]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Maintenance category]] {{R from move}} og0tzv5bvitzjbhdx5t0syzcb20d3m1 10 10841 83900 2022-05-19T03:39:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Maintenance category wikitext text/x-wiki __EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__ {{Cmbox |type=notice |text=<div>This is a '''[[Wikipedia:Maintenance|maintenance]] [[Help:Category|category]]''', used for [[Wikipedia:Categorization#Non-article and maintenance categories|maintenance of the Wikipedia project]]. It is not part of the encyclopedia and contains [[Wikipedia:What is an article?|non-article pages]], or groups articles by status rather than subject. Do not include this category in content categories.</div>{{#if:{{Yesno|{{{container|}}}}}| <div>This is a '''[[:Category:Container categories|container category]]'''. Due to its scope, '''it should only contain [[WP:SUBCAT|subcategories]]'''.</div>{{#ifeq:{{{container_category|}}}|no||{{Category other|{{{category|[[Category:Container categories]]}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{Yesno|{{{tracking|}}}}}|__HIDDENCAT__ <div>This is a '''[[:Category:Tracking categories|tracking category]]'''. It builds and maintains a list of pages primarily for the sake of the list itself. They are not part of the '''[[Wikipedia:Categorization|encyclopedia's categorization scheme]]'''.</div> {{#if:{{{purpose|}}}{{{description|}}}|<div>{{{purpose|{{{description}}}}}}</div>}}<div> * This category is '''[[Wikipedia:Categorization#Hiding categories|hidden]]''' on its [[:Category:Hidden categories|member pages]]&mdash;unless the corresponding [[Special:Preferences|user preference]] (appearance → show hidden categories) is set. * These categories can be used to track, build and organize lists of pages needing "attention ''en masse''" (for example, pages using deprecated syntax), or that may need to be edited at someone's earliest convenience. * These categories also serve to aggregate members of several lists or sub-categories into a larger, more efficient list (''discriminated by classifications'').</div>{{#ifeq:{{{tracking_category|}}}|no||{{Category other|{{{category|[[Category:Tracking categories]]}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{Yesno|{{{hidden|}}}}}|__HIDDENCAT__ <div>This is a '''[[:Category:Hidden categories|hidden category]]'''. It is not shown on its member pages, unless the corresponding [[Special:Preferences|user preference]] (appearance → show hidden categories) is set.</div>}}}}{{#if:{{Yesno|{{{empty|}}}}}|{{Possibly empty category|hide=true}} <div><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size:15px;">'''Administrators: Please do not delete this category even if it is empty!'''</span> This category may be empty occasionally or even most of the time. {{{empty_text|}}}</div>}}{{#if:{{Yesno|{{{polluted|}}}}}|{{Polluted category}}}} |imageright={{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}}|{{Shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}}|{{{shortcut2|}}}|{{{shortcut3|}}}|{{{shortcut4|}}}|{{{shortcut5|}}}}}}} }}<includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{nocat|false}}}}}|false|{{Single namespace|category}}{{#if:{{{desc|}}}{{{1|}}}|<br /><div style="text-align: left;">{{{alt|{{{ALTTEXT|'''Description''':}}}}}} {{{desc|{{{1|}}}}}}</div>}}|<!-- Category suppressed -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc sub-page, not here. --></noinclude> djdij48e3172k3nrrf32vo0y3qftuji 10 10842 83901 2022-05-19T03:39:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Maintenance category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high-use}} {{Never substitute}} {{Template redirect|Wikipedia category}} __TOC__ == Usage == This template should be placed at the top of categories used in the [[Wikipedia:Maintenance|maintenance of Wikipedia]], rather than as part of the encyclopedia&nbsp;— for example, at the top of [[:Category:Wikipedia administration]]. ===Parameters=== The following descriptions assume the template is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a page in the [[Help:Category|Category namespace]]. {{Aligned table |col1style=line-height:1.4em;padding-right:1.5em;padding-bottom:0.5em;width:25%; |col2style=line-height:1.4em;padding-bottom:0.5em;width:74%; | {{para|container|true/yes}} | Causes the template to add the page (the category) to [[:Category:Container categories]] and include a {{tlx|Container category}} style message. To inhibit self-categorisation, set {{para|container_category|no}}. | {{para|tracking|true/yes}} | Causes the template to add the page (the category) to [[:Category:Tracking categories]] and include a {{tlx|Tracking category}} style message. To inhibit self-categorisation, set {{para|tracking_category|no}}. | {{para|purpose}} | To add a short explanation of the tracking category after the message, use {{para|purpose|<var>Short explanation.</var>}} The {{para|tracking}} parameter must be set to true or yes to display. | {{para|desc}} | Text supplied will be placed below the template with a boldfaced header of "Description:". The word "Description" can be replaced by something else, using {{para|alt|Something else}}. | {{para|hidden|true/yes}} | Causes the template to hide the page (the category), add it to [[:Category:Hidden categories]] and to include a {{tlx|Hidden category}} style message. Using {{para|tracking|false/no}} or {{para|tracking|true/yes}}, in addition, will give slightly different messages in the box. | {{para|empty|true/yes}} | Includes a {{tlx|Possibly empty category}} style message. In addition, to add a short explanation of the empty category after the message, use {{para|empty_text|<var>Short explanation.</var>}} | {{para|polluted|false/no}} | Exclude categories that legitimately contain pages in both the (Main) [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] and the user namespace from [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Polluted categories]]. | {{para|shortcut1}} | Enables a [[WP:Shortcut|shortcut]] to the category to be displayed by the template.<br />Multiple shortcuts are supported: from {{para|shortcut1}}, up to {{para|shortcut5}}. }} ===Aliases=== {{WPBannerDoc/alias|desc|1}} {{WPBannerDoc/alias|desc|1|literal=yes}} {{WPBannerDoc/alias|alt|ALTTEXT}} {{WPBannerDoc/alias|purpose|description}} {{WPBannerDoc/alias|shortcut|shortcut1}} == Examples == {{center|{{big|'''Code'''}}}} <pre style="position:relative;bottom:9px;"> {{Maintenance category |shortcut=CAT:WCAT |hidden=true |tracking=false |purpose=This category tracks pages tagged with {{tl|Citation needed}}.<!-- This text will not display since "tracking" is set to "false"--> |desc=Category for articles (and other pages, such as portals and mainspace-intended templates) tagged as needing or more citations for verification, using the {{tlx|Citation needed}} template. Does not include discussion pages tagged with {{tlx|Talkfact}}. }} </pre> {{Maintenance category |shortcut=CAT:WCAT |hidden=true |tracking=false |purpose=This category tracks pages tagged with {{tl|Citation needed}}. |desc=Category for articles (and other pages, such as portals and mainspace-intended templates) tagged as needing or more citations for verification, using the {{tlx|Citation needed}} template. Does not include discussion pages tagged with {{tlx|Talkfact}}. |tracking_category=no|container_category=no }} {{center|{{big|'''Code'''}}}} <pre style="position:relative;bottom:9px;"> {{Maintenance category |tracking=true |purpose=This category tracks pages that use {{tlx|albumchart|Billboard200}}. }} </pre> {{Maintenance category |tracking=true |purpose=This category tracks pages that use {{tlx|albumchart|Billboard200}}. |tracking_category=no|container_category=no }} {{center|{{big|'''Code'''}}}} <pre style="position:relative;bottom:9px;"> {{Maintenance category |empty=true |empty_text=This category is tracking [[academic journal]]s by the {{para|frequency}} parameter of their {{tl|Infobox journal}}. This category should ideally be empty, but will be populated when non-standard {{para|frequency}} parameters are used. |alt='''Alternative text''': |desc=Usage with the {{para|alt}} parameter. }} </pre> {{Maintenance category |empty=true |empty_text=This category is tracking [[academic journal]]s by the {{para|frequency}} parameter of their {{tl|Infobox journal}}. This category should ideally be empty, but will be populated when non-standard {{para|frequency}} parameters are used. |alt='''Alternative text''': |desc=Usage with the {{para|alt}} parameter. |tracking_category=no|container_category=no }} == See also == {{Other category-header templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Category namespace templates]] [[Category:Tracking templates]] }}</includeonly> 39x1njbbqptugkmbs7y8h73wiz8vz3z 828 10843 83902 2022-05-19T03:41:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:File link Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides a library for formatting file wikilinks. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} function p._main(args) checkType('_main', 1, args, 'table') -- This is basically libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg, but we are rolling our -- own function to get the right error level. local function checkArg(key, val, level) if type(val) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( "type error in '%s' parameter of '_main' (expected string, got %s)", key, type(val) ), level) end end local ret = {} -- Adds a positional parameter to the buffer. local function addPositional(key) local val = args[key] if not val then return nil end checkArg(key, val, 4) ret[#ret + 1] = val end -- Adds a named parameter to the buffer. We assume that the parameter name -- is the same as the argument key. local function addNamed(key) local val = args[key] if not val then return nil end checkArg(key, val, 4) ret[#ret + 1] = key .. '=' .. val end -- Filename checkArg('file', args.file, 3) ret[#ret + 1] = 'File:' .. args.file -- Format if args.format then checkArg('format', args.format) if args.formatfile then checkArg('formatfile', args.formatfile) ret[#ret + 1] = args.format .. '=' .. args.formatfile else ret[#ret + 1] = args.format end end -- Border if yesno(args.border) then ret[#ret + 1] = 'border' end addPositional('location') addPositional('alignment') addPositional('size') addNamed('upright') addNamed('link') addNamed('alt') addNamed('page') addNamed('class') addNamed('lang') addNamed('start') addNamed('end') addNamed('thumbtime') addPositional('caption') return string.format('[[%s]]', table.concat(ret, '|')) end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:File link' }) if not origArgs.file then error("'file' parameter missing from [[Template:File link]]", 0) end -- Copy the arguments that were passed to a new table to avoid looking up -- every possible parameter in the frame object. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do -- Make _BLANK a special argument to add a blank parameter. For use in -- conditional templates etc. it is useful for blank arguments to be -- ignored, but we still need a way to specify them so that we can do -- things like [[File:Example.png|link=]]. if v == '_BLANK' then v = '' end args[k] = v end return p._main(args) end return p bzc22v133v9z5yc4aisazripn6l94p8 828 10844 83903 2022-05-19T03:41:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:File link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} This module is used to construct wikitext links to files. It is primarily useful for templates and modules that use complicated logic to make file links. Simple file links should be made with wikitext markup directly, as it uses less resources than calling this module. For help with wikitext file markup please refer to the [[mw:Help:Images|documentation at mediawiki.org]]. == Usage from wikitext == From wikitext, this module should be called from a template, usually {{tl|file link}}. Please see the template page for documentation. However, it can also be called using the syntax <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:File link|main|</nowiki>''arguments''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. == Usage from Lua == First, you need to import the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mFileLink = require('Module:File link') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can make file links using the <code>_main</code> function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFileLink._main(args) </syntaxhighlight> <var>args</var> is a table of arguments that can have the following keys: * <code>file</code> - the filename. (required) * <code>format</code> - the file format, e.g. 'thumb', 'thumbnail', 'frame', 'framed', or 'frameless'. * <code>formatfile</code> - a filename to specify with the 'thumbnail' format option. The filename specified will be used instead of the automatically generated thumbnail. * <code>border</code> - set this to true or "yes" (or any other value recognized as true by [[Module:Yesno]]) to set a border for the image. * <code>location</code> - the horizontal alignment of the file, e.g. 'right', 'left', 'center', or 'none'. * <code>alignment</code> - the vertical alignment of the file, e.g. 'baseline', 'middle', 'sub', 'super', 'text-top', 'text-bottom', 'top', or 'bottom'. * <code>size</code> - the size of the image, e.g. '100px', 'x100px' or '100x100px'. * <code>upright</code> - the 'upright' parameter, used for setting the size of tall and thin images. * <code>link</code> - the page that the file should link to. Use the blank string <nowiki>''</nowiki> to suppress the default link to the file description page. * <code>alt</code> - the alt text. Use the blank string <nowiki>''</nowiki> to suppress the default alt text. * <code>caption</code> - a caption for the file. * <code>page</code> - sets a page number for multi-paged files such as PDFs. * <code>class</code> - adds a <code>class</code> parameter to image links. The MediaWiki software adds this parameter to the <code>class="..."</code> attribute of the image's <code><nowiki><img /></nowiki></code> element when the page is rendered into HTML. * <code>lang</code> - adds a language attribute to specify what language to render the file in. * <code>start</code> - specifies a start time for audio and video files. * <code>end</code> - specifies an end time for audio and video files. * <code>thumbtime</code> - specifies the time to use to generate the thumbnail image for video files. To see the effect of each of these parameters, see the [[mw:Help:Images#Format|images help page on mediawiki.org]]. === Examples === With the file only: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFileLink.main{file = 'Example.png'} -- Renders as [[File:Example.png]] </syntaxhighlight> With format, size, link and caption options: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFileLink.main{ file = 'Example.png', format = 'thumb', size = '220px', link = 'Wikipedia:Sandbox', caption = 'An example.' } -- Renders as [[File:Example.png|thumb|220px|link=Wikipedia:Sandbox|An example.]] </syntaxhighlight> With format, size, and border: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mFileLink.main{ file = 'Example.png', format = 'frameless', size = '220px', border = true } -- Renders as [[File:Example.png|frameless|border|220px]] </syntaxhighlight> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> 3k7axz0rlrszfqs9owmgz9efxq17gfa 0 10845 83904 2022-05-19T03:43:25Z Endikuemmy 9914 new edited wikitext text/x-wiki Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi (mu [[icyongereza]]: International Fund for Agriculture development "[https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/w/country/rwanda IFAD]) ni ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’imari n’ikigo cyihariye cy’umuryango w’abibumbye kigamije guca ubukene n’inzara mu cyaro cy’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.<ref>https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/country/rwa?page=4</ref><ref>https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/financingSource/show/IFAD</ref><ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/us398-million-ifad-boost-agriculture-rwanda</ref><ref>https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=080000028056a0f8</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Imiryango idaharanira inyungu]] sm8edhp3qegxtmn6ize9zn7pjf67zci 10 10846 83905 2022-05-19T03:47:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yesno-yes wikitext text/x-wiki {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />yesno|{{{1}}}|yes={{{yes|yes}}}|no={{{no|no}}}|blank={{{blank|yes}}}|¬={{{¬|yes}}}|def={{{def|yes}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Yesno/doc}} <!--Categories go in the doc page referenced above; interwikis go in Wikidata.--> </noinclude> 2ln5m2kzkd3wxvm1r25pwd6kj6j77we 10 10847 83906 2022-05-19T03:48:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Clear wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="clear:{{{1|both}}};"></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6mk3e4afot6hzu6tzbljxxk83e14xv6 10 10848 83907 2022-05-19T03:48:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Clear/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Clear|{{Used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-warning-DS]]}}|{{high-use}}}} {{Nosubst|The markup provided will be confusing to many editors, and as this template provides documentation for itself, there is little justification for substitution.}} {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Clear|{{Template shortcut|-||Clr}}}} == Description == This template makes content wait until existing content is completed in all columns. It is often used to prevent text from flowing next to unrelated images. == Usage == * {{tlx|clear}} — adds <code>&lt;div style="clear:both;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code> * {{tlx|clear|left}} — adds <code>&lt;div style="clear:left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code> * {{tlx|clear|right}} — adds <code>&lt;div style="clear:right;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code> For technical details, see [[Template talk:Clear|the discussion in the talk page]]. == Examples == <div style="border: 1px solid black; background: #fde; padding: 1em; margin: 2em;"> === Example without {{tlf|clear}} === [[File:HeidelbergTun.jpg|200px|left]] {{Lorem ipsum}} ==== New section without template ==== Without {{tl|clear}}, this section starts at the right of the image. {{clear}} </div> <div style="border: 1px solid black; background: #fde; padding: 1em; margin: 2em;"> === Example that uses {{tlf|clear}} === [[File:HeidelbergTun.jpg|200px|left]] {{Lorem ipsum}}<br/> '''{{tnull|clear}}''' {{clear}} ==== New section with template ==== {{tl|clear}} placed before this section, so it appears below the image. </div> == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Makes content wait until existing content is completed in all columns. Often used to stop text from flowing next to unrelated images, so text will appear on a full width line under the image.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Side", "description": "Can be 'right' or 'left' so content is delayed until just the right or left column is complete. The default clears both columns.", "type": "line", "required": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "right", "left", "both" ] } }, "format": "inline" }</templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Clear left}} (implemented using this template) * {{tl|Clear right}} (implemented using this template) * {{tl|Clear2}} (derived from this template) * {{tl|Break}} * {{tl|Float}} * {{tl|Stack}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Line-handling templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 3ecl2r1ffuxxg7mt7jawf9dhta69zns 10 10849 83908 2022-05-19T03:49:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:= wikitext text/x-wiki =<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 81y2jvjxw3y0febsqx5xbr4ikdc7nr6 10 10850 83909 2022-05-19T03:49:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:=/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{mbox|type=notice|text=This template will soon be deprecated, since {{tl|{{=}}}} will soon be a [[Help:Magic words|Magic word]]. See reasons and status at [[phab:T91154]].}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|386,000+}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Usage == This template allows "=" to be used in unnamed template parameters. It inserts the [[equals-sign]] ("=") into the text. Alternatively, the [[HTML]] entity "&amp;#61;" can be used if there is no need for it to be interpreted as wikimarkup, such as when the literal equals-sign is to be displayed to the user. == Examples == * <code><nowiki>{{Font color|black|yellow|2 + 2 {{=}} 4}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Font color|black|yellow|2 + 2 {{=}} 4}} You can also use named parameters to bypass the restriction: * <code><nowiki>{{Font color|black|yellow|3= 2 + 2 = 4}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Font color|black|yellow|3= 2 + 2 = 4}} Unlike &amp;#61;, the template only delays the interpretation of the symbol as code: <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{concat|<div style{{=}}"font-style:italic">This should be italicised.</div>}} {{concat|<div style&#61;"font-style:italic">This will not be italicised.</div>}} </syntaxhighlight> produces: {{concat|<div style{{=}}"font-style:italic">This should be italicised.</div>}} {{concat|<div style&#61;"font-style:italic">This will not be italicised.</div>}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "A template to allow = to be used in template parameters", "params": {}, "format": "{{_\n| _ = _\n}}" } </templatedata> == See also == {{Escape template list}} * [[mw:Help:Magic words]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> ley6m0udweveqctyf9v312j6qjuflrv 828 10851 83910 2022-05-19T03:50:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Data Scribunto text/plain local mt = {} function mt.__index(t, k) return function(frame) local data = mw.loadData(k) local i = 1 for _,v in ipairs(frame.args) do local ty = type(data) if ty ~= 'table' then local args = {} for j = 1, i - 1 do args[j] = frame.args[j] end if frame.args.softfail then return '<span class="error">[[Category:Pages with failed Module:Data lookups]]Error: Tried to read index "' .. mw.text.nowiki(v) .. '" of mw.loadData("' .. mw.text.nowiki(k) .. '").' .. mw.text.nowiki(table.concat(args, '.')) .. ', which is a ' .. ty .. '</span>' else error('Tried to read index "' .. v .. '" of mw.loadData("' .. k .. '").' .. table.concat(args, '.') .. ', which is a ' .. ty) end end data = data[v] i = i + 1 end return data end end return setmetatable({}, mt) btz9my4camo6c55wiu5v8b2h14hmp8b 828 10852 83912 83911 2022-05-19T03:51:19Z BevoLJ 10818 clean {{High-risk}} wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-risk}} {{module rating|protected}} This module allows wikitext to read values from data modules. == Usage == &#123;{#invoke:Data|''Module:ModuleName''|''key1''|''key2''|''key3''|...}} Read data value ''key1''.''key2''.''key3'' from ''Module:ModuleName''. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia utility modules]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> 0hcohpqnblskpx9kyv3juyn988vej3t 10 10853 83913 2022-05-19T03:52:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TemplateData header wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="templatedata-header">{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|<!-- noheader: -->{{Template parameter usage|based=y}}|<!-- +header: -->This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|<!-- +header, nolink TD -->TemplateData|<!-- +header, +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT: -->[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}<!-- e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT: --> for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|based=y}}<!-- e.o. #if:noheader -->}} '''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}''' </div><includeonly><!-- check parameters -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |template=Template:TemplateData header |1 |nolink |noheader |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].</div> }}<!-- -->{{template other|{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]] }}}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> pxhfjcmyklg4yst97in9mz897nxe198 10 10854 83914 2022-05-19T03:52:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TemplateData header/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} The {{tlx|TemplateData header}} template inserts a brief header for the template data section, and adds the page to [[:Category:Templates using TemplateData]]. == Usage == <pre style="overflow:auto;"> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ ... }</templatedata> Note: Section headers of ==Parameters== or ==Usage== may also be used. </pre> Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|Template name}}</nowiki></code> to display a name for the template other than the default, which is [[Help:Magic_words#Variables|<nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}</nowiki>]]. Do ''not'' add namespace <code>Template:</code> :{| |{{TemplateData header|Template name}} |} Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}}</nowiki></code> to omit the [[Help:Link#Wikilinks|wikilink]] from the word "TemplateData" in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template. :{| |{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}} |} Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}</nowiki></code> to omit the first sentence of the header text. :{| |{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} |} ==Example== :Using a collapse box for {{elc|Template:User}}: {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki> {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} {{TemplateData header|User}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is used to create a link to a user's user page (unless using {{Useranon}}), talk page, and contributions, and generates a special notification (aka 'ping').", "params": { "1": { "label": "User name", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "The user name that you want to create links to and notify.", "aliases":["user"] }, "project": { "label": "Sister project", "type": "string", "description": "Used to link to a sister project instead of the English Wikipedia. Use the standard interwiki prefix." }, "lang": { "label": "Other language project", "type": "string", "description": "Used to link to another language project. If used with the \"sister project\" parameter, links to another language of a sister project. Otherwise links to another language Wikipedia. Use the standard language code." }, "separator": { "label": "Separator", "description": "Used to change the separator between the links. If unused, defaults to a dot." } } } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}}</nowiki>}} ==Parameters== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Inserts a brief header for the template data section. Adds the page to [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]]", "params": { "1": { "label": "Template name", "description": "Used to display a name for the template other than the default, which is {{BASEPAGENAME}}.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "nolink": { "label": "No link", "description": "Assigning any value to this parameter will omit cause the template to omit the wikilink from the word \"TemplateData\" in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "noheader": { "label": "No header", "description": "Assigning any value to this parameter will cause the template to omit the first sentence of the header text.", "type": "string", "required": false } } }</templatedata> ==Tracking category== * {{clc|Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters}} ==See also== * {{clc|Category:Templates using TemplateData}} * {{tl|Crude TemplateData}} * {{tl|Template parameter usage}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Templatedata Header}} [[Category:TemplateData|Header]] [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> m9w5v940f41020tkhqs2pbl3wx7n9np 10 10855 83915 2022-05-19T03:53:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:\sandbox wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox |/sandbox}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4bi6p9anqjrmow6hq8drhyoha2jc6x2 10 10856 83916 2022-05-19T03:53:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:\sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{not a sandbox}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == Returns "/sandbox" if the template detects that the page where it is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] is a [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] named "sandbox" (i.e. a [[Wikipedia:About the Sandbox|sandbox page]]); otherwise it returns nothing. This can be useful to e.g. switch the version of a template used in its documentation to the version in its sandbox (by replacing {{tlf|template name}} on the /doc page with <code><nowiki>{{template name{{\sandbox}}}}</nowiki></code>) when that documentation is transcluded on the template's sandbox page. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sandbox}} [[Category:If-then-else templates]] [[Category:Sandbox templates]] }}</includeonly> 1q5whx4ockffzrq8sytjnk1wbodptil 828 10857 83917 2022-05-19T03:55:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Effective protection level Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Returns the permission required to perform a given action on a given title. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) local title if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then title = pagename elseif pagename then title = mw.title.new(pagename) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end pagename = title.prefixedText if action == 'autoreview' then local level = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title) level = level and level.autoreview if level == 'review' then return 'reviewer' elseif level ~= '' then return level else return nil -- not '*'. a page not being PC-protected is distinct from it being PC-protected with anyone able to review. also not '', as that would mean PC-protected but nobody can review end elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' and action ~= 'undelete' then error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, undelete, autoreview', 2 ) end if title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace if title.text:sub(-3) == '.js' or title.text:sub(-4) == '.css' or title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- site JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' else -- any non-JS/CSS MediaWiki page return 'sysop' end elseif title.namespace == 2 and title.isSubpage then if title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- user JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' elseif title.contentModel == 'json' then -- user JSON page return 'sysop' end end if action == 'undelete' then return 'sysop' end local level = title.protectionLevels[action] and title.protectionLevels[action][1] if level == 'sysop' or level == 'editprotected' then return 'sysop' elseif title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action] and title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action][1] then -- used by a cascading-protected page return 'sysop' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then return 'templateeditor' elseif action == 'move' then local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test('edit', pagename) -- Testing action edit is correct, since this is for the source page. The target page name gets tested with action move. if blacklistentry and not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif title.namespace == 6 then return 'filemover' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end end local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test(action, pagename) if blacklistentry then if not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end elseif level == 'editsemiprotected' then -- create-semiprotected pages return this for some reason return 'autoconfirmed' elseif level then return level elseif action == 'upload' then return 'autoconfirmed' elseif action == 'create' and title.namespace % 2 == 0 and title.namespace ~= 118 then -- You need to be registered, but not autoconfirmed, to create non-talk pages other than drafts return 'user' else return '*' end end setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) return t._main(k, frame.args[1]) end end }) return p d3lhy0comfcfe9lnnj8klmrfqm1oxw7 828 10858 83918 2022-05-19T03:55:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Effective protection level/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} This module provides a way to retrieve the group required to perform a given action on a page. It currently tests the following criteria: * The page being pending-changes protected: autoconfirmed * The page being a JavaScript or CSS subpage in userspace, or in the MediaWiki namespace: interfaceadmin * The page being in the MediaWiki namespace: sysop * The page being a JSON subpage in userspace: sysop * The page being protected: sysop, templateeditor, extendedconfirmed, or autoconfirmed * The page being used in a cascading-protected page: sysop * The page's title matching the titleblacklist: templateeditor or autoconfirmed * A file being moved: filemover * A page being moved or a file being uploaded: autoconfirmed * A non-Draft non-talk page being created: user * Anything else: * Note that if a template-protected file is moved, both filemover and templateeditor are required, but this will return only templateeditor. This is not likely to be changed any time soon, since template protection currently shouldn't be used on files. == Usage == '''Warning:''' This module will use up to 4 expensive parser function calls each time it is ran. It should only be used if the exact effective protection level is necessary. Otherwise, consider using title.protectionLevels instead. === From other modules === To load this module: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main </syntaxhighlight> The function accepts two parameters. The first is a string containing the action to check, which must be one of "edit", "create", "move", "upload", "undelete", or "autoreview". The second is optional, and can either be the name of the page to check, or a title returned from the mw.title functions. If the second parameter is omitted, the page being displayed is the one checked against. The return value is a string containing the name of the group required to perform the given action. === From wikitext === The parameters are the same as when it is called directly. {{tlinv|Effective protection level|''action''|''title''}} == See also == * [[Module:Effective protection expiry]] cvwrkmp7nmztv3ryjpas00h1ffipqf1 828 10859 83920 2022-05-19T03:59:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:TableTools/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{module rating|protected}} {{lua|Module:Exponential search|noprotcat=yes}} This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not be called directly from #invoke. == Loading the module == To use any of the functions, first you must load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local TableTools = require('Module:TableTools') </syntaxhighlight> == isPositiveInteger == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isPositiveInteger(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a positive integer, and <code>false</code> if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the hash part of a table. == isNan == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isNan(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a [[NaN]] value, and <code>false</code> if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. (Lua will generate an error if a NaN value is used as a table key.) == shallowClone == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.shallowClone(t) </syntaxhighlight> Returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned table will have no metatable of its own. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and with metatables transferred, you can use <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.clone|mw.clone]]</code> instead. If you want to make a new table with no shared subtables and without metatables transferred, use <code>[[#deepCopy|deepCopy]]</code> with the <code>noMetatable</code> option. == removeDuplicates == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.removeDuplicates(t) </syntaxhighlight> Removes duplicate values from an array. This function is only designed to work with standard arrays: keys that are not positive integers are ignored, as are all values after the first <code>nil</code> value. (For arrays containing <code>nil</code> values, you can use <code>[[#compressSparseArray|compressSparseArray]]</code> first.) The function tries to preserve the order of the array: the earliest non-unique value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are removed. For example, for the table {{code|code={5, 4, 4, 3, 4, 2, 2, 1}|lang=lua}} <code>removeDuplicates</code> will return {{code|code={5, 4, 3, 2, 1}|lang=lua}}. == numKeys == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numKeys(t) </syntaxhighlight> Takes a table <code>''t''</code> and returns an array containing the numbers of any positive integer keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. For example, for the table {{code|code={'foo', nil, 'bar', 'baz', a = 'b'}|lang=lua}}, <code>numKeys</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 4}|lang=lua}}. == affixNums == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) </syntaxhighlight> Takes a table <code>''t''</code> and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the optional prefix <code>''prefix''</code> and the optional suffix <code>''suffix''</code>. For example, for the table {{code|code={a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'}|lang=lua}} and the prefix <code>'a'</code>, <code>affixNums</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 6}|lang=lua}}. All characters in <code>''prefix''</code> and <code>''suffix''</code> are interpreted literally. == numData == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.numData(t, compress) </syntaxhighlight> Given a table with keys like <code>"foo1"</code>, <code>"bar1"</code>, <code>"foo2"</code>, and <code>"baz2"</code>, returns a table of subtables in the format {{code|code={ [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }|lang=lua}}. Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named <code>"other"</code>. The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with <code>ipairs</code>. == compressSparseArray == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.compressSparseArray(t) </syntaxhighlight> Takes an array <code>''t''</code> with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with <code>ipairs</code>. Any keys that are not positive integers are removed. For example, for the table {{code|code={1, nil, foo = 'bar', 3, 2}|lang=lua}}, <code>compressSparseArray</code> will return {{code|code={1, 3, 2}|lang=lua}}. == sparseIpairs == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) </syntaxhighlight> This is an iterator function for traversing a sparse array <code>''t''</code>. It is similar to <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#ipairs|ipairs]]</code>, but will continue to iterate until the highest numerical key, whereas <code>ipairs</code> may stop after the first <code>nil</code> value. Any keys that are not positive integers are ignored. Usually <code>sparseIpairs</code> is used in a generic <code>for</code> loop. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> for i, v in TableTools.sparseIpairs(t) do -- code block end </syntaxhighlight> Note that <code>sparseIpairs</code> uses the <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#pairs|pairs]]</code> function in its implementation. Although some table keys appear to be ignored, all table keys are accessed when it is run. == size == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.size(t) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the size of a key/value pair table. For example, for the table {{code|code={foo = 'foo', bar = 'bar'}|lang=lua}}, <code>size</code> will return <code>2</code>. The function will also work on arrays, but for arrays it is more efficient to use the <code>#</code> operator. Note that to find the table size, this function uses the <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#pairs|pairs]]</code> function to iterate through all of the table keys. == keysToList == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) </syntaxhighlight> Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default comparison function or a custom <code>''keySort''</code> function, which follows the same rules as the <code>comp</code> function supplied to <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#table.sort|table.sort]]</code>. If <code>''keySort''</code> is <code>false</code>, no sorting is done. Set <code>''checked''</code> to <code>true</code> to skip the internal type checking. == sortedPairs == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sortedPairs(t, keySort) </syntaxhighlight> Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the <code>keysToList</code> function. If there are only numerical keys, <code>sparseIpairs</code> is probably more efficient. == isArray == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArray(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is a table and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1. == isArrayLike == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.isArrayLike(value) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''value''</code> is iterable and all keys are consecutive integers starting at 1. == invert == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.invert(arr) </syntaxhighlight> Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {{code|invert{ "a", "b", "c" }|lua}} yields {{code|code={ a=1, b=2, c=3 }|lang=lua}}. == listToSet == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.listToSet(arr) </syntaxhighlight> Creates a set from the array part of the table <code>''arr''</code>. Indexing the set by any of the values of the array returns <code>true</code>. For example, {{code|listToSet{ "a", "b", "c" }|lua}} yields {{code|code={ a=true, b=true, c=true }|lang=lua}}. See also [[Module:Lua set]] for more advanced ways to create a set. == deepCopy == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, alreadySeen) </syntaxhighlight> Creates a copy of the table <code>''orig''</code>. As with <code>mw.clone</code>, all values that are not functions are duplicated and the identity of tables is preserved. If <code>''noMetatable''</code> is <code>true</code>, then the metatable (if any) is not copied. Can copy tables loaded with <code>mw.loadData</code>. Similar to <code>mw.clone</code>, but <code>mw.clone</code> cannot copy tables loaded with <code>mw.loadData</code> and does not allow metatables <em>not</em> to be copied. == sparseConcat == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) </syntaxhighlight> Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a positive integer, in order. For example, {{code|sparseConcat{ "a", nil, "c", "d" }|lua}} yields {{code|"acd"|lua}} and {{code|sparseConcat{ nil, "b", "c", "d" }|lua}} yields {{code|"bcd"|lua}}. == length == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.length(t, prefix) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the length of an array or of a quasi-array with keys with an optional <code>''prefix''</code> such as "data1", "data2", etc. It uses an [[exponential search]] algorithm to find the length, so as to use as few table lookups as possible. This algorithm is useful for arrays that use metatables (e.g. [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame.args|frame.args]]) and for quasi-arrays. For normal arrays, just use the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Length operator|# operator]], as it is implemented in [[C (programming language)|C]] and will be quicker. == inArray == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> TableTools.inArray(arr, valueToFind) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>true</code> if <code>''valueToFind''</code> is a member of the array <code>''arr''</code>, and <code>false</code> otherwise. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Lua metamodules|TableTools]] }}</includeonly> d24gw3mm5hz44tkbjy366kfmz1f1ir5 828 10860 83924 2022-05-19T04:27:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Infobox/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ /* * This TemplateStyles sheet deliberately does NOT include the full set of * infobox styles. We are still working to migrate all of the manual * infoboxes. See [[MediaWiki talk:Common.css/to do#Infobox]] * DO NOT ADD THEM HERE */ /* * not strictly certain these styles are necessary since the modules now * exclusively output infobox-subbox or infobox, not both * just replicating the module faithfully */ .infobox-subbox { padding: 0; border: none; margin: -3px; width: auto; min-width: 100%; font-size: 100%; clear: none; float: none; background-color: transparent; } .infobox-3cols-child { margin: auto; } .infobox .navbar { font-size: 100%; } /* T281642 */ body.skin-minerva .infobox-header, body.skin-minerva .infobox-subheader, body.skin-minerva .infobox-above, body.skin-minerva .infobox-title, body.skin-minerva .infobox-image, body.skin-minerva .infobox-full-data, body.skin-minerva .infobox-below { text-align: center; } r79dlpm7l4hm8tdp6d2jr4blcsyis2v 14 10861 83925 2022-05-19T04:28:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Pages using infobox templates with ignored data cells wikitext text/x-wiki {{polluted category}} {{tracking category}} {{Category used by module|[[Module:Infobox]]}} This category contains pages which use infobox templates with a {{para|dataN}} parameter which is ignored due to a {{para|headerN}} parameter. This issue can be fixed by renumbering the parameters so that the {{para|headerN}} and {{para|dataN}} parameters don't use the same number. [[Category:Wikipedia articles by infobox content]] jza04w7s0vxdh7rvba9effcbyprkbr8 14 10862 83926 2022-05-19T04:29:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Articles using infobox templates with no data rows wikitext text/x-wiki {{tracking category}} {{Possibly empty category}} {{Backlog|20000}} This category is automatically populated when an article includes an [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes|infobox]] without any parameters being set in the infobox. Be aware that: *Some templates use the general template {{tlx|infobox}} but are not named "Infobox ...", so a template with no values may also add an article to this category. *Some of the more complicated infoboxes are defined using "child" syntax in their source. If one or more of the parts of the infobox defined as children is/are empty, then the article is added to this category, even though the infobox has values for some parameters. {{align|center|'''{{Random page in category}}'''}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia articles by infobox content]] dfi4e612amepnrnml2y9jdm9gzsz1ek 14 10863 83927 2022-05-19T04:29:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia articles by infobox content wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} [[Category:Wikipedia infoboxes]] 6mrbpxop99ngynll1l1qnoq6djooz27 14 10864 83928 2022-05-19T04:30:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia infoboxes wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} {{Category diffuse}} {{commonscat|Infoboxes}} {{See also|Infobox#Wikipedia|Help:Infobox|Wikipedia:Reading infoboxes|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes}} [[Category:Wikipedia template administration|Infoboxes]] db3o5n2mnpmk5u22u8pj0m36ul8e6lg 14 10865 83929 2022-05-19T04:30:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia template administration wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} {{cmbox |type = notice |text = '''This category is used for maintaining the template namespace. No templates should appear directly in this category.'''<br /> This page is part of [[:Category:Wikipedia administration|Wikipedia's administration]] and not part of the encyclopedia. }} {{For|a category of templates themselves|:Category:Wikipedia templates}} This category is for Wikipedia project pages related to templates. {{DEFAULTSORT:Template}} [[Category:Wikipedia technical administration]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration by MediaWiki feature]] soc98npwp1tbhwh29krtjxs6ys7egzo 14 10866 83930 2022-05-19T04:30:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia technical administration wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} [[Category:Wikipedia administration|Technical]] otiqun736v7cizzizg7wjg3m5qnt7i8 14 10867 83931 2022-05-19T04:31:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia administration wikitext text/x-wiki {{diffuse|nocat=true}} {{Wikipedia category |shortcut1=CAT:WP |shortcut2=CAT:WIKI |{{Sister project | project = commons | text = Wikimedia Commons has media related to '''''[[commons:Category:Wikipedia administration|Wikipedia administration]]'''''. }} {{Cat main|Wikipedia:Administration}} This category is the top-level category to organise the Wikipedia project. [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|Project pages]] and categories of project pages should be included here. *For articles '''about''' Wikipedia, see [[:Category:Wikipedia]]. *For pages about ''adminship'', the possession of [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] privileges, see [[:Category:Wikipedia adminship]]. *For a list of ''users who are administrators'', see [[:Category:Wikipedia administrators]] or [[Special:Listusers/sysop]].}}{{see also|category:Wikipedia maintenance}} {{Wikipedia editor navigation|state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wikipedia Administration}} [[Category:Contents|Administration]] [[Category:Wikipedia categories that should not contain articles]] ftqxctiemhqjaxemqmlfvcr9nalxvrb 10 10868 83932 2022-05-19T04:33:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia editor navigation wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Notice |style=margin-bottom:1.5em; |1=<span style="font-size:large;color:purple;">Please do not post your requests or questions on this page. If you have questions about using Wikipedia, please ask at the '''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help&nbsp;desk]]''' or the '''[[Wikipedia:Teahouse|Teahouse]]'''. For questions about subjects and topics, please use the '''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference Desk]]'''. Volunteers at these locations will respond to your questions as soon as possible.</span>}}</noinclude><!-- -->{{Navbox | name = Wikipedia editor navigation | title = Wikipedia editor navigation | titlestyle = background-color: #bebeff; | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | liststyle = padding: 0px; font-size: 113% | list1 = {{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}} {{Manual of Style}} {{Wikipedia accounts}} {{Wikipedia community}} {{Wikipedia essays|state=collapsed}} {{Wikipedia help pages}} {{Wikipedia technical help}} {{Wikipedia referencing}} {{Wikipedia templates}} {{Useful links}} {{Wikipedia Contents normal footer}} {{Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> hba6ut0h7phrulg3l75gphdujpliu2m 10 10869 83933 2022-05-19T04:34:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Manual of Style wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Manual of Style | title = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] | bodyclass = hlist | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | basestyle = text-align: center; | above = * '''[[Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Overview]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents|Directory]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Styletips|Tips]]''' * '''[[Help:Introduction to the Manual of Style/Manual of Style quiz|Quiz]]''' | group1 = Content | list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|Accessibility]] <!--- page is currently inactive * [[Wikipedia:Maannual of Style/Article message boxes|Article message boxes]]---> * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography|Biographies]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages|Disambiguation pages]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|Infoboxes]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking|Linking]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid|Self-references]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch|Words to watch]] | group2 = Formatting | list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations|Abbreviations]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters|Capitalization]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|Dates and numbers]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Proper names|Proper names]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling|Spelling]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting|Text formatting]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles|Titles]] | group3 = Images | list3 = * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions|Captions]] * [[WP:Galleries|Galleries]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons|Icons]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images|Images]] | group4 = Layout | list4 = * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout|Layout]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section|Lead section]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables|Tables]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections|Trivia sections]] | group5 = Lists | list5= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists|Embedded lists]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists|Lists]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works|Lists of works]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists|Road junctions]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists|Stand-alone lists]] | group6 = Legal | list6= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal|Legal]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks|Trademarks]] | group7 = Arts | list7= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga|Anime and manga]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics|Comics]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film|Film]] * [[Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry|Lyrics and poetry]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels|Novels]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television|Television]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games|Video games]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts|Visual arts]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction|Writing about fiction]] | group8 = Music | list8= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music|Music]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples|Music samples]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts|Record charts]] | group9 = Regional | list9= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles|Canada]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China and Chinese-related articles|China]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France and French-related articles|France]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles|Hawaii]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles|India]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles|Ireland]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles|Japan]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles|Korea]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles|Malaysia]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippine-related articles|Philippines]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles|Poland]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles|Singapore]] * [[Wikipedia:Trinidad and Tobago Wikipedians' notice board/Style guide|Trinidad and Tobago]] | group10 = Religion | list10= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles|Islam]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints|Latter Day Saints]] | group11 = Science | list11= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry|Chemistry]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics|Mathematics]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles|Medicine]] * [[Template:Taxobox/doc|Taxonomy]] | group12 = Sports | list12= * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports|Cue sports]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker|Snooker]] | group13 = Related | list13 = * [[Wikipedia:Article size|Article size]] * [[Wikipedia:Article titles|Article titles]] * [[Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates|Categories, lists, and navigation templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categorization]] * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|Hatnotes]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history|Military history]] * [[Wikipedia:Signatures|Signatures]] * [[Wikipedia:Subpages|Subpages]] * [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|Talk page guidelines]] * [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template namespace]] * [[Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable|Understandability]] * [[Wikipedia:User pages|User pages]] * [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects|Wikimedia sister projects]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide|WikiProjects]] | group14 = Search | list14 = <inputbox> id=style-wide-searchbox type=fulltext width = 25 prefix=Wikipedia:Manual of Style searchbuttonlabel=Search the MoS break=no placeholder= e.g. image placement </inputbox> |below= * {{icon|CAT}} '''[[:Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style|Category]]''' }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1fo1g7ih08be5ew1mz99968efv5dj74 10 10870 83934 2022-05-19T04:36:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notice wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | name = Notice | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | style = {{#if:{{{style|}}} |{{#if:{{{small|}}}||width:80%;}} {{{style}}} }} | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = notice | image = {{#if:{{{image|}}} |[[File:{{{image}}}|40px|Notice|alt={{{imagealt|}}}]]}} | small = {{{small|}}} | smallimage = {{#if:{{{image|}}} |[[File:{{{image}}}|30px|Notice|alt={{{imagealt|}}}]]}} | imageright = {{#if:{{{imageright|}}} |{{{imageright}}} |{{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}} |{{Ombox/shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}}|{{{shortcut2|}}}|{{{shortcut3|}}}|{{{shortcut4|}}}|{{{shortcut5|}}}}}}} }} | textstyle = {{{textstyle|text-align: {{#if:{{{center|}}}|center|{{{align|left}}}}};}}} | text = {{#if:{{{header|{{{heading|{{{title|}}}}}}}}} |<div style="{{{headstyle|text-align: {{#if:{{{center|}}}|center|left}};}}}">'''{{{header|{{{heading|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}'''</div>}}<!-- -->{{{text|{{{content|{{{reason|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mbk5wh6vxlr7sd50a7gnowjkp08wvxl 10 10871 83935 2022-05-19T04:37:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notice/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ******************************************************************** **** This documentation is shared between multiple templates, **** **** using {{BASEPAGENAME}} and {{#switch:...}} to customize. **** ******************************************************************** --> {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA --> {{Used in system}} {{Never substitute}} This is the {{tl|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} message box. It should be used '''sparingly''' and only for {{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Warning='''important''' warnings about an article or a user that cannot be shown using a more specific template. Please only use it when something is seriously wrong and other people might not otherwise know about it. |<!--DEFAULT:-->'''significant''' information for which a more specific template doesn't exist. }} Less important comments should be put as regular text on the page's talk page instead. ==Usage== '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1=Place notice text here. |heading=Optional heading above the text<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' This box automatically changes its style depending on what kind of page it appears; see {{tl|Mbox}} for details, and view the examples below for demonstrations. ===Use in talk and userspace=== Outside "important" locations like mainspace, policy pages, and noticeboards, this message box can also be used on other pages in a more relaxed way, such as on the top of talk page alerts, wikiproject pages, userspace pages, etc. Talk and noticeboard cases should probably include your [[WP:Signature|signature]] at the end of the template's main content. ===Optional parameters === The box can be titled with an optional {{para|heading}} (or {{para|header}} or {{para|title}}). This is left-aligned by default. This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |[[Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]] dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces an all-left notice: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} It can be hard to notice or read short heading and/or message on a wide monitor when they centered. For long content, it can be centered with {{para|align|center}}.<br />{{small|1=[While {{para|align|right}} is a valid value, it will only be useful when this template is ported to right-to-left language Wikipedias, and shouldn't be used on English Wikipedia or it will be difficult to read.]}}<br /> This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |align=center |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |align=center |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} A shorthand parameter to center the heading and main text at the same time is {{para|center|y}}. This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |center=y |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |center=y |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} The parameter {{para|textstyle}} can be used to pass arbitrary inline CSS to the main note content. For example, one could center small-caps text below a left-aligned heading; this:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |textstyle=text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |textstyle=text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps;|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} Similarly, the parameter {{para|headstyle}} can be used to pass arbitrary inline CSS to the heading content. For example, one could center a red heading above a left-aligned message; this:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |headstyle=text-align:center; color:red; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |headstyle=text-align:center; color:red;|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} The message box can also take an {{para|image}} parameter (with a value of just the bare filename of the image, without <code>File:...</code>, <code>Image:...</code>, or markup), but this is discouraged in articles. For an example of its use, see below. See [[#Talk pages]], below for the talkpage-only {{para|small|y}} parameter. See also [[#Adding an image, shortcuts, etc., on the righthand side]] for additional parameters that work in talk and project pages but not articles. ===Articles=== : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===Talk pages=== On talk pages, <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} You may also set the talkpage-only parameter {{para|small|yes}}, which alters the template's appearance thus: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk |small=yes |header=Header |style=text-align:center;<!--margin-bottom:2.0em;--> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |small=yes |header=Header |style=text-align:center; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>&nbsp;produces&nbsp;...... {{clear}} Setting the {{para|image}} parameter changes the image shown on the lefthand side of the template. : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |image=Stop hand nuvola.svg |heading=Heading |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk<!--|style=margin-bottom:2.0em;--> |image=Stop hand nuvola.svg |heading=Heading |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} (Note the effect of omitting {{para|style|text-align:center;}} here) ===File and category pages=== <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> on a File: page would produce... {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=file|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ... and, on a Category: page, would produce: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=category|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===Other pages=== On other pages, such as those in the [[Wikipedia:User pages|User:]], [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia namespace|Wikipedia:]] and [[Wikipedia:Help namespace|Help:]] [[Wikipedia:Namespaces|namespaces]], <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> would produce: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=wikipedia|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===External links and equals signs=== In most cases, external links can be used in the template without any complications. If a link &ndash;&nbsp;or any text&nbsp;&ndash; contains one or more equals signs (" &#61; "), however, everything before the first sign will be interpreted as the name of a parameter. To prevent this, name the text carrying the link as the first numbered parameter: : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |1=Any text/links including "=" should now be interpreted correctly.<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |1=Any text/links including "=" should now be interpreted correctly.}} ===Adding an image, shortcuts, etc., on the righthand side=== To add shortcuts, images, other templates, etc. to the righthand side of the template, use {{para|imageright}}. This does not work in articles. For example,<br /><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |imageright=[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]]}} <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>{{Shortcuts|You|Me}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> includes the {{tl|Shortcut}}s template providing links to [[You]] and [[Me]]: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |imageright={{Shortcut|You|Me}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ====Alternate shortcut option==== As an alternative to imageright, the {{para|shortcut}} (or {{para|shortcut1}}) and {{para|shortcut''N''}} parameters (where {{nowrap|''N'' {{=}} 2}} to 5) may be used to display shortcuts. For instance, <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ''Note: If both imageright and any of the shorcut parameters are used, the contents of imageright will override the shortcut/s.'' For example,<br /><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |imageright=[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}} and warning templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE PLEASE; INTERWIKIS AT WIKIDATA --> [[Category:Notice and warning templates]] [[Category:Talk header templates]] <!--[[labconsole:Template:Notice]]--> }}</includeonly> 7d1ge955lnrds2cupxgqh0j4jtlo92p 10 10872 83936 2022-05-19T04:38:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Icon wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Icon|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> m4ab9noabl8v4ki5cx6t5ksjcjh5u8o 10 10873 83937 2022-05-19T04:38:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Icon/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Icon}} == About == This template creates an inline image that is used in [[Wikipedia:Meta|metapages]] such as [[Wikipedia:Vital articles]] and/or in [[Special:ListUsers|user pages]]. == Usage == ;Basic usage {{tlx|icon|''code''}} {{tlx|icon|class{{=}}''code''}} ;Custom size {{tlx|icon|''code''|size{{=}}''size''}} == Parameters == * <code>1</code> or <code>class</code> - the icon code. See the [[#Icon codes|table below]] for a list of available codes. * <code>size</code> - a custom icon size, e.g. "30px". The default size is "16x16px" (16 by 16 pixels). == Icon codes == <!--[[Template:Icon link]] links here--> {{#invoke:Icon/table|main}} == See also == * {{tl|Icon link}} * {{tl|Done/See also}} - inline icon templates by shape and color * {{tl|Table cell templates/doc}} {{Wikipedia templates|state=collapsed}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template creates an inline icon-sized image. Please refer to 'Template:Icon/doc' for the list of supported values.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Icon", "description": "The identifier or name of the icon to be displayed.", "type": "line", "required": false, "aliases": [ "class" ], "default": "" }, "size": { "description": "The size of the icon to display, e.g. \"30px\".", "type": "line", "default": "16x16px" } } } </templatedata> <!--This page transcluded beyond this template's page/subpages, so:--> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Icon| [[Category:Single-image insertion templates]] }} m6b6j2j39dj86ogs3tsjwzewqx0e3lr 10 10874 83938 2022-05-19T04:39:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia policies and guidelines wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:navbox|navbox | name = Wikipedia policies and guidelines | state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|autocollapse}}}</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | titlestyle = {{{titlestyle|}}} | title = Wikipedia key [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|policies and guidelines]]&nbsp;{{Define|(?)| Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.}} | basestyle = text-align: center; | groupstyle = text-align:left; | groupwidth = 6.9em | above = * '''[[Wikipedia:Five pillars|Five pillars]]''' ** '''[[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]]''' | group1 = Content&nbsp;{{Define|(?)|defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it}} | list1 = {{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] * [[Wikipedia:No original research|No original research]] * [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] * [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] * [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|Biographies of living persons]] * [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Copyright]] ([[Wikipedia:Copyright violations|Copyright violations]]) * [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|Image use]] * [[Wikipedia:Article titles|Article titles]] | group2 = '''<span style="color:#0077A4;">{{abbr|1={{Large|G}}|2=Guidelines}}</span>''' | list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Notability|Notability]] * [[Wikipedia:Autobiography|Autobiography]] * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)|Reliable sources (medicine)]] * [[Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources|Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Plagiarism|Plagiarism]] * [[Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes|Don't create hoaxes]] * [[Wikipedia:Fringe theories|Fringe theories]] * [[Wikipedia:Patent nonsense|Patent nonsense]] * [[Wikipedia:External links|External links]] }} | group2 = Conduct&nbsp;{{Define|(?)|describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable}} | list2 = {{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Civility|Civility]] * [[Wikipedia:Consensus|Consensus]] * [[Wikipedia:Harassment|Harassment]] * [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|Vandalism]] * [[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]] * [[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|No personal attacks]] * [[Wikipedia:Ownership of content|Ownership of content]] * [[Wikipedia:Edit warring|Edit warring]] * [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]] * [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry|Sockpuppetry]] * [[Wikipedia:No legal threats|No legal threats]] * [[Wikipedia:Child protection|Child protection]] * [[Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure|Paid-contribution disclosure]] | group2 = '''<span style="color:#0077A4;">{{abbr|1={{Large|G}}|2=Guidelines}}</span>''' | list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] * [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest|Conflict of interest]] * [[Wikipedia:Disruptive editing|Disruptive editing]] * [[Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point|Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point]] * [[Wikipedia:Etiquette|Etiquette]] * [[Wikipedia:Gaming the system|Gaming the system]] * [[Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers|Please do not bite the newcomers]] * [[Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing|Courtesy vanishing]] * [[Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm|Responding to threats of harm]] * [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|Talk page guidelines]] ** [[Wikipedia:Signatures|Signatures]] }} | group3 = Deletion&nbsp;{{Define|(?)|explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted}} | list3 = {{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion|Proposed deletion]] ** [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people|Biographies]] * [[Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion|Criteria for speedy deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Attack page|Attack page]] * [[Wikipedia:Oversight|Oversight]] * [[Wikipedia:Revision deletion|Revision deletion]] }} | group4 = Enforcement&nbsp;{{Define|(?)|explains the various means by which standards may be enforced}} | list4 ={{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrators]] * [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|Banning]] * [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|Blocking]] * [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|Page protection]] }} | group5 = Editing&nbsp;{{Define|(?)| documents the various protocols about style and grouping}} | list5 = {{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Editing policy|Editing policy]] |group2 = '''<span style="color:#0077A4;">{{abbr|1={{Large|G}}|2=Guidelines}}</span>''' |list2 = {{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |groupstyle = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Article size|Article size]] **[[Wikipedia:Summary style|Summary style]] * [[Wikipedia:Be bold|Be bold]] * [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|Disambiguation]] * [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|Hatnotes]] * [[Wikipedia:Broad-concept article|Broad-concept article]] * [[Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable|Understandability]] | group2 = Style | list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] ** [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents|Contents]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|Accessibility]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|Dates and numbers]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images|Images]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout|Layout]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section|Lead section]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking|Linking]] * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists|Lists]] |group3 =Classification |list3 = * [[Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates|Categories, lists, and navigation templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categorization]] * [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template namespace]] }} }} | group6 = Project content&nbsp;{{Define|(?)| protocols related to administration}} | list6 ={{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |group1style = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#0077A4;">{{abbr|1={{Large|G}}|2=Guidelines}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|Project namespace]] ** [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide|WikiProjects]] * [[Wikipedia:User pages|User pages]] ** [[Wikipedia:Userboxes|User boxes]] * [[Wikipedia:Shortcut|Shortcuts]] * [[Wikipedia:Subpages|Subpages]] }} | group7 = <abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr>&nbsp;{{Define|(?)| official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation}} | group7style = background: #dddddd; | list7={{#invoke:navbox|navbox|child |group1style = text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6; |group1 = '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{abbr|1={{Large|P}}|2=Policies}}</span>''' |list1 = * [[:wmf:Terms of Use|Terms of Use]] * [[:wmf:Policies|List of policies]] * [[:wmf:Friendly space policy|Friendly space policy]] * [[:wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy|Licensing and copyright]] * [[:wmf:Privacy policy|Privacy policy]] }} | belowstyle = font-weight: normal; | below = * '''[[Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines|List of all policies and guidelines]]''' ** '''<span style="color:#118811;">{{Big|P}}</span>''': '''[[Wikipedia:List of policies|List of policies]]''' ** '''<span style="color:#0077A4;">{{Big|G}}</span>''': '''[[Wikipedia:List of guidelines|List of guidelines]]''' * '''[[Wikipedia:Principles|Summaries of values and principles]]''' }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> fyqm4994mbal42sdcasqf41h81f0dre 10 10875 83940 83939 2022-05-19T04:39:52Z BevoLJ 10818 clean {{high-use}} wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use}} == Usage == {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} ==See also== * {{tl|Wikipedia editor navigation}} an amalgamation of navboxes that includes this navbox. {{Wikipedia editor navigation templates|state=expanded}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia guideline templates| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia policy list templates| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia help navigation|Policies and guidelines]] }}</includeonly> ke7kqdzltpoy5qm9ynz36xexvk4v1z3 828 10876 83941 2022-05-19T04:40:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local navbar = require('Module:Navbar')._navbar local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Navbox/configuration') local getArgs -- lazily initialized local args local format = string.format local function striped(wikitext, border) -- Return wikitext with markers replaced for odd/even striping. -- Child (subgroup) navboxes are flagged with a category that is removed -- by parent navboxes. The result is that the category shows all pages -- where a child navbox is not contained in a parent navbox. local orphanCat = cfg.category.orphan if border == cfg.keyword.border_subgroup and args[cfg.arg.orphan] ~= cfg.keyword.orphan_yes then -- No change; striping occurs in outermost navbox. return wikitext .. orphanCat end local first, second = cfg.class.navbox_odd_part, cfg.class.navbox_even_part if args[cfg.arg.evenodd] then if args[cfg.arg.evenodd] == cfg.keyword.evenodd_swap then first, second = second, first else first = args[cfg.arg.evenodd] second = first end end local changer if first == second then changer = first else local index = 0 changer = function (code) if code == '0' then -- Current occurrence is for a group before a nested table. -- Set it to first as a valid although pointless class. -- The next occurrence will be the first row after a title -- in a subgroup and will also be first. index = 0 return first end index = index + 1 return index % 2 == 1 and first or second end end local regex = orphanCat:gsub('([%[%]])', '%%%1') return (wikitext:gsub(regex, ''):gsub(cfg.marker.regex, changer)) -- () omits gsub count end local function processItem(item, nowrapitems) if item:sub(1, 2) == '{|' then -- Applying nowrap to lines in a table does not make sense. -- Add newlines to compensate for trim of x in |parm=x in a template. return '\n' .. item ..'\n' end if nowrapitems == cfg.keyword.nowrapitems_yes then local lines = {} for line in (item .. '\n'):gmatch('([^\n]*)\n') do local prefix, content = line:match('^([*:;#]+)%s*(.*)') if prefix and not content:match(cfg.pattern.nowrap) then line = format(cfg.nowrap_item, prefix, content) end table.insert(lines, line) end item = table.concat(lines, '\n') end if item:match('^[*:;#]') then return '\n' .. item ..'\n' end return item end -- we will want this later when we want to add tstyles for hlist/plainlist local function has_navbar() return args[cfg.arg.navbar] ~= cfg.keyword.navbar_off and args[cfg.arg.navbar] ~= cfg.keyword.navbar_plain and ( args[cfg.arg.name] or mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle():gsub(cfg.pattern.sandbox, '') ~= cfg.pattern.navbox ) end local function renderNavBar(titleCell) if has_navbar() then titleCell:wikitext(navbar{ [cfg.navbar.name] = args[cfg.arg.name], [cfg.navbar.mini] = 1, [cfg.navbar.fontstyle] = (args[cfg.arg.basestyle] or '') .. ';' .. (args[cfg.arg.titlestyle] or '') .. ';background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;' }) end end local function renderTitleRow(tbl) if not args[cfg.arg.title] then return end local titleRow = tbl:tag('tr') local titleCell = titleRow:tag('th'):attr('scope', 'col') local titleColspan = 2 if args[cfg.arg.imageleft] then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end if args[cfg.arg.image] then titleColspan = titleColspan + 1 end titleCell :cssText(args[cfg.arg.basestyle]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.titlestyle]) :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_title) :attr('colspan', titleColspan) renderNavBar(titleCell) titleCell :tag('div') -- id for aria-labelledby attribute :attr('id', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args[cfg.arg.title])) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.titleclass]) :css('font-size', '114%') :css('margin', '0 4em') :wikitext(processItem(args[cfg.arg.title])) end local function getAboveBelowColspan() local ret = 2 if args[cfg.arg.imageleft] then ret = ret + 1 end if args[cfg.arg.image] then ret = ret + 1 end return ret end local function renderAboveRow(tbl) if not args[cfg.arg.above] then return end tbl:tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_abovebelow) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.aboveclass]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.basestyle]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.abovestyle]) :attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan()) :tag('div') -- id for aria-labelledby attribute, if no title :attr('id', args[cfg.arg.title] and nil or mw.uri.anchorEncode(args[cfg.arg.above])) :wikitext(processItem(args[cfg.arg.above], args[cfg.arg.nowrapitems])) end local function renderBelowRow(tbl) if not args[cfg.arg.below] then return end tbl:tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_abovebelow) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.belowclass]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.basestyle]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.belowstyle]) :attr('colspan', getAboveBelowColspan()) :tag('div') :wikitext(processItem(args[cfg.arg.below], args[cfg.arg.nowrapitems])) end local function renderListRow(tbl, index, listnum, listnums_size) local row = tbl:tag('tr') if index == 1 and args[cfg.arg.imageleft] then row :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.class.noviewer) :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_image) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.imageclass]) :css('width', '1px') -- Minimize width :css('padding', '0 2px 0 0') :cssText(args[cfg.arg.imageleftstyle]) :attr('rowspan', listnums_size) :tag('div') :wikitext(processItem(args[cfg.arg.imageleft])) end local group_and_num = format(cfg.arg.group_and_num, listnum) local groupstyle_and_num = format(cfg.arg.groupstyle_and_num, listnum) if args[group_and_num] then local groupCell = row:tag('th') -- id for aria-labelledby attribute, if lone group with no title or above if listnum == 1 and not (args[cfg.arg.title] or args[cfg.arg.above] or args[cfg.arg.group2]) then groupCell :attr('id', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args[cfg.arg.group1])) end groupCell :attr('scope', 'row') :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_group) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.groupclass]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.basestyle]) -- If groupwidth not specified, minimize width :css('width', args[cfg.arg.groupwidth] or '1%') groupCell :cssText(args[cfg.arg.groupstyle]) :cssText(args[groupstyle_and_num]) :wikitext(args[group_and_num]) end local listCell = row:tag('td') if args[group_and_num] then listCell :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_list_with_group) else listCell:attr('colspan', 2) end if not args[cfg.arg.groupwidth] then listCell:css('width', '100%') end local rowstyle -- usually nil so cssText(rowstyle) usually adds nothing if index % 2 == 1 then rowstyle = args[cfg.arg.oddstyle] else rowstyle = args[cfg.arg.evenstyle] end local list_and_num = format(cfg.arg.list_and_num, listnum) local listText = args[list_and_num] local oddEven = cfg.marker.oddeven if listText:sub(1, 12) == '</div><table' then -- Assume list text is for a subgroup navbox so no automatic striping for this row. oddEven = listText:find(cfg.pattern.navbox_title) and cfg.marker.restart or cfg.class.navbox_odd_part end local liststyle_and_num = format(cfg.arg.liststyle_and_num, listnum) local listclass_and_num = format(cfg.arg.listclass_and_num, listnum) listCell :css('padding', '0') :cssText(args[cfg.arg.liststyle]) :cssText(rowstyle) :cssText(args[liststyle_and_num]) :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_list) :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_part .. oddEven) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.listclass]) :addClass(args[listclass_and_num]) :tag('div') :css('padding', (index == 1 and args[cfg.arg.list1padding]) or args[cfg.arg.listpadding] or '0 0.25em' ) :wikitext(processItem(listText, args[cfg.arg.nowrapitems])) if index == 1 and args[cfg.arg.image] then row :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.class.noviewer) :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_image) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.imageclass]) :css('width', '1px') -- Minimize width :css('padding', '0 0 0 2px') :cssText(args[cfg.arg.imagestyle]) :attr('rowspan', listnums_size) :tag('div') :wikitext(processItem(args[cfg.arg.image])) end end -- uses this now to make the needHlistCategory correct -- to use later for when we add list styles via navbox local function has_list_class(htmlclass) local class_args = { -- rough order of probability of use cfg.arg.bodyclass, cfg.arg.listclass, cfg.arg.aboveclass, cfg.arg.belowclass, cfg.arg.titleclass, cfg.arg.navboxclass, cfg.arg.groupclass, cfg.arg.imageclass } local patterns = { '^' .. htmlclass .. '$', '%s' .. htmlclass .. '$', '^' .. htmlclass .. '%s', '%s' .. htmlclass .. '%s' } for _, arg in ipairs(class_args) do for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do if mw.ustring.find(args[arg] or '', pattern) then return true end end end return false end local function needsHorizontalLists(border) if border == cfg.keyword.border_subgroup or args[cfg.arg.tracking] == cfg.keyword.tracking_no then return false end return not has_list_class(cfg.pattern.hlist) and not has_list_class(cfg.pattern.plainlist) end local function hasBackgroundColors() for _, key in ipairs({cfg.arg.titlestyle, cfg.arg.groupstyle, cfg.arg.basestyle, cfg.arg.abovestyle, cfg.arg.belowstyle}) do if tostring(args[key]):find('background', 1, true) then return true end end return false end local function hasBorders() for _, key in ipairs({cfg.arg.groupstyle, cfg.arg.basestyle, cfg.arg.abovestyle, cfg.arg.belowstyle}) do if tostring(args[key]):find('border', 1, true) then return true end end return false end local function isIllegible() local styleratio = require('Module:Color contrast')._styleratio for key, style in pairs(args) do if tostring(key):match(cfg.pattern.style) then if styleratio{mw.text.unstripNoWiki(style)} < 4.5 then return true end end end return false end local function getTrackingCategories(border) local cats = {} if needsHorizontalLists(border) then table.insert(cats, cfg.category.horizontal_lists) end if hasBackgroundColors() then table.insert(cats, cfg.category.background_colors) end if isIllegible() then table.insert(cats, cfg.category.illegible) end if hasBorders() then table.insert(cats, cfg.category.borders) end return cats end local function renderTrackingCategories(builder, border) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.namespace ~= 10 then return end -- not in template space local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == cfg.keyword.subpage_doc or subpage == cfg.keyword.subpage_sandbox or subpage == cfg.keyword.subpage_testcases then return end for _, cat in ipairs(getTrackingCategories(border)) do builder:wikitext('[[Category:' .. cat .. ']]') end end local function renderMainTable(border, listnums) local tbl = mw.html.create('table') :addClass(cfg.class.nowraplinks) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.bodyclass]) local state = args[cfg.arg.state] if args[cfg.arg.title] and state ~= cfg.keyword.state_plain and state ~= cfg.keyword.state_off then if state == cfg.keyword.state_collapsed then state = cfg.class.collapsed end tbl :addClass(cfg.class.collapsible) :addClass(state or cfg.class.autocollapse) end tbl:css('border-spacing', 0) if border == cfg.keyword.border_subgroup or border == cfg.keyword.border_none then tbl :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_subgroup) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.bodystyle]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.style]) else -- regular navbox - bodystyle and style will be applied to the wrapper table tbl :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_inner) :css('background', 'transparent') :css('color', 'inherit') end tbl:cssText(args[cfg.arg.innerstyle]) renderTitleRow(tbl) renderAboveRow(tbl) local listnums_size = #listnums for i, listnum in ipairs(listnums) do renderListRow(tbl, i, listnum, listnums_size) end renderBelowRow(tbl) return tbl end local function add_navbox_styles() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- This is a lambda so that it doesn't need the frame as a parameter local function add_user_styles(templatestyles) if templatestyles and templatestyles ~= '' then return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles } } end return '' end -- get templatestyles. load base from config so that Lua only needs to do -- the work once of parser tag expansion local base_templatestyles = cfg.templatestyles local templatestyles = add_user_styles(args[cfg.arg.templatestyles]) local child_templatestyles = add_user_styles(args[cfg.arg.child_templatestyles]) -- The 'navbox-styles' div exists for two reasons: -- 1. To wrap the styles to work around T200206 more elegantly. Instead -- of combinatorial rules, this ends up being linear number of CSS rules. -- 2. To allow MobileFrontend to rip the styles out with 'nomobile' such that -- they are not dumped into the mobile view. return mw.html.create('div') :addClass(cfg.class.navbox_styles) :addClass(cfg.class.nomobile) :wikitext(base_templatestyles .. templatestyles .. child_templatestyles) :done() end function p._navbox(navboxArgs) args = navboxArgs local listnums = {} for k, _ in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'string' then local listnum = k:match(cfg.pattern.listnum) if listnum then table.insert(listnums, tonumber(listnum)) end end end table.sort(listnums) local border = mw.text.trim(args[cfg.arg.border] or args[1] or '') if border == cfg.keyword.border_child then border = cfg.keyword.border_subgroup end -- render the main body of the navbox local tbl = renderMainTable(border, listnums) local res = mw.html.create() -- render the appropriate wrapper for the navbox, based on the border param if border == cfg.keyword.border_none then res:node(add_navbox_styles()) local nav = res:tag('div') :attr('role', 'navigation') :node(tbl) -- aria-labelledby title, otherwise above, otherwise lone group if args[cfg.arg.title] or args[cfg.arg.above] or (args[cfg.arg.group1] and not args[cfg.arg.group2]) then nav:attr( 'aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode( args[cfg.arg.title] or args[cfg.arg.above] or args[cfg.arg.group1] ) ) else nav:attr('aria-label', cfg.aria_label) end elseif border == cfg.keyword.border_subgroup then -- We assume that this navbox is being rendered in a list cell of a -- parent navbox, and is therefore inside a div with padding:0em 0.25em. -- We start with a </div> to avoid the padding being applied, and at the -- end add a <div> to balance out the parent's </div> res :wikitext('</div>') :node(tbl) :wikitext('<div>') else res:node(add_navbox_styles()) local nav = res:tag('div') :attr('role', 'navigation') :addClass(cfg.class.navbox) :addClass(args[cfg.arg.navboxclass]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.bodystyle]) :cssText(args[cfg.arg.style]) :css('padding', '3px') :node(tbl) -- aria-labelledby title, otherwise above, otherwise lone group if args[cfg.arg.title] or args[cfg.arg.above] or (args[cfg.arg.group1] and not args[cfg.arg.group2]) then nav:attr( 'aria-labelledby', mw.uri.anchorEncode(args[cfg.arg.title] or args[cfg.arg.above] or args[cfg.arg.group1]) ) else nav:attr('aria-label', cfg.aria_label) end end if (args[cfg.arg.nocat] or cfg.keyword.nocat_false):lower() == cfg.keyword.nocat_false then renderTrackingCategories(res, border) end return striped(tostring(res), border) end function p.navbox(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = {cfg.pattern.navbox}}) -- Read the arguments in the order they'll be output in, to make references -- number in the right order. local _ _ = args[cfg.arg.title] _ = args[cfg.arg.above] -- Limit this to 20 as covering 'most' cases (that's a SWAG) and because -- iterator approach won't work here for i = 1, 20 do _ = args[format(cfg.arg.group_and_num, i)] _ = args[format(cfg.arg.list_and_num, i)] end _ = args[cfg.arg.below] return p._navbox(args) end return p aps8opqyleqagctjqmi5zb3x6sq8mux 828 10877 83942 2022-05-19T04:40:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Module:Navbox|{{High-use|3691969}}}} {{module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Navbox/configuration|Module:Navbar|Module:Color contrast|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Navbox/styles.css}} {{Lua sidebar}} This module implements the {{tl|Navbox}} template. Please see the [[Template:Navbox|template page]] for usage instructions. == Tracking/maintenance categories == * {{clc|Navbox orphans}} * {{clc|Navigational boxes without horizontal lists}} * {{clc|Navboxes using background colours}} * {{clc|Potentially illegible navboxes}} * {{clc|Navboxes using borders}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 16gon91dnybzmtc84orn6xemjxwy5af 828 10878 84706 83943 2022-05-20T02:18:37Z BevoLJ 10818 updating: Module:Navbar/configuration Scribunto text/plain return { ['templatestyles'] = 'Module:Navbar/styles.css', ['box_text'] = 'This box: ', -- default text box when not plain or mini ['title_namespace'] = 'Template', -- namespace to default to for title ['invalid_title'] = 'Invalid title ', ['classes'] = { -- set a line to nil if you don't want it ['navbar'] = 'navbar', ['plainlinks'] = 'plainlinks', -- plainlinks ['horizontal_list'] = 'hlist', -- horizontal list class ['mini'] = 'navbar-mini', -- class indicating small links in the navbar ['this_box'] = 'navbar-boxtext', ['brackets'] = 'navbar-brackets', -- 'collapsible' is the key for a class to indicate the navbar is -- setting up the collapsible element in addition to the normal -- navbar. ['collapsible'] = 'navbar-collapse', ['collapsible_title_mini'] = 'navbar-ct-mini', ['collapsible_title_full'] = 'navbar-ct-full' } } lydm72m86hfvyzj0u2lqfps9lz9gquk 828 10879 83944 2022-05-19T04:42:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox/configuration Scribunto text/plain return { aria_label = 'Navbox', nowrap_item = '%s<span class="nowrap">%s</span>', templatestyles = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Navbox/styles.css' } }, -- do not localize marker table marker = { oddeven = '\127_ODDEVEN_\127', restart = '\127_ODDEVEN0_\127', regex = '\127_ODDEVEN(%d?)_\127' }, category = { orphan = '[[Category:Navbox orphans]]', horizontal_lists = 'Navigational boxes without horizontal lists', background_colors = 'Navboxes using background colours', illegible = 'Potentially illegible navboxes', borders = 'Navboxes using borders', }, keyword = { border_subgroup = 'subgroup', border_child = 'child', border_none = 'none', evenodd_swap = 'swap', navbar_off = 'off', navbar_plain = 'plain', nocat_false = 'false', nowrapitems_yes = 'yes', orphan_yes = 'yes', state_collapsed = 'collapsed', state_off = 'off', state_plain = 'plain', subpage_doc = 'doc', subpage_sandbox = 'sandbox', subpage_testcases = 'testcases', tracking_no = 'no' }, class = { autocollapse = 'autocollapse', collapsible = 'mw-collapsible', collapsed = 'mw-collapsed', -- Warning navbox = 'navbox', -- WMF currently hides 'navbox' from mobile, -- so you probably shouldn't change the navbox class. navbox_abovebelow = 'navbox-abovebelow', navbox_group = 'navbox-group', navbox_image = 'navbox-image', navbox_inner = 'navbox-inner', navbox_list = 'navbox-list', navbox_list_with_group = 'navbox-list-with-group', navbox_part = 'navbox-', -- do not l10n navbox_styles = 'navbox-styles', navbox_subgroup = 'navbox-subgroup', navbox_title = 'navbox-title', -- l10n only if you change pattern.navbox_title below navbox_odd_part = 'odd', -- do not l10n navbox_even_part = 'even', -- do not l10n nomobile = 'nomobile', nowraplinks = 'nowraplinks', noviewer = 'noviewer' -- used to remove images from MediaViewer }, pattern = { listnum = '^list(%d+)$', sandbox = '/sandbox$', navbox = 'Template:Navbox', nowrap = '^<span class="nowrap">', style = 'style$', navbox_title = '<th[^>]*"navbox%-title"', hlist = 'hlist', plainlist = 'plainlist' }, arg = { above = 'above', aboveclass = 'aboveclass', abovestyle = 'abovestyle', basestyle = 'basestyle', bodyclass = 'bodyclass', bodystyle = 'bodystyle', border = 'border', below = 'below', belowclass = 'belowclass', belowstyle = 'belowstyle', evenodd = 'evenodd', evenstyle = 'evenstyle', group1 = 'group1', group2 = 'group2', group_and_num = 'group%d', groupstyle_and_num = 'group%dstyle', groupclass = 'groupclass', groupstyle = 'groupstyle', groupwidth = 'groupwidth', innerstyle = 'innerstyle', image = 'image', imageclass = 'imageclass', imageleft = 'imageleft', imageleftstyle = 'imageleftstyle', imagesetyle = 'imagestyle', list_and_num = 'list%d', listclass_and_num = 'list%dclass', liststyle_and_num = 'list%dstyle', list1padding = 'list1padding', listclass = 'listclass', listpadding = 'listpadding', liststyle = 'liststyle', name = 'name', navbar = 'navbar', navboxclass = 'navboxclass', nocat = 'nocat', nowrapitems = 'nowrapitems', oddstyle = 'oddstyle', orphan = 'orphan', state = 'state', style = 'style', templatestyles = 'templatestyles', child_templatestyles = 'child templatestyles', title = 'title', titleclass = 'titleclass', titlestyle = 'titlestyle', tracking = 'tracking' }, -- names of navbar arguments navbar = { name = 1, fontstyle = 'fontstyle', mini = 'mini' } } 8npf15277sgmgep5j2bnmes7i7ktuvo 828 10880 83945 2022-05-19T04:42:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .navbox { box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width: 100%; clear: both; font-size: 88%; text-align: center; padding: 1px; margin: 1em auto 0; /* Prevent preceding content from clinging to navboxes */ } .navbox .navbox { margin-top: 0; /* No top margin for nested navboxes */ } .navbox + .navbox, /* TODO: remove first line after transclusions have updated */ .navbox + .navbox-styles + .navbox { margin-top: -1px; /* Single pixel border between adjacent navboxes */ } .navbox-inner, .navbox-subgroup { width: 100%; } .navbox-group, .navbox-title, .navbox-abovebelow { padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; } .navbox-group { white-space: nowrap; /* @noflip */ text-align: right; } .navbox, .navbox-subgroup { background-color: #fdfdfd; } .navbox-list { line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; /* Must match background color */ } .navbox-list-with-group { text-align: left; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; } /* cell spacing for navbox cells */ /* Borders above 2nd, 3rd, etc. rows */ /* TODO: figure out how to replace tr as structure; * with div structure it should be just a matter of first-child */ tr + tr > .navbox-abovebelow, tr + tr > .navbox-group, tr + tr > .navbox-image, tr + tr > .navbox-list { border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; /* Must match background color */ } .navbox-title { background-color: #ccf; /* Level 1 color */ } .navbox-abovebelow, .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title { background-color: #ddf; /* Level 2 color */ } .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow { background-color: #e6e6ff; /* Level 3 color */ } .navbox-even { background-color: #f7f7f7; } .navbox-odd { background-color: transparent; } /* TODO: figure out how to remove reliance on td as structure */ .navbox .hlist td dl, .navbox .hlist td ol, .navbox .hlist td ul, .navbox td.hlist dl, .navbox td.hlist ol, .navbox td.hlist ul { padding: 0.125em 0; } .navbox .navbar { display: block; font-size: 100%; } .navbox-title .navbar { /* @noflip */ float: left; /* @noflip */ text-align: left; /* @noflip */ margin-right: 0.5em; } r3sdo030s2y37osfqh0rur7i26x9epy 10 10881 83946 2022-05-19T04:49:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:For wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:For|For}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7es2p1mk6qse8zlwn5qqya2ysrq1rcr 10 10882 83947 2022-05-19T04:49:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:For/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the template to create a for loop|Template:For loop}} {{documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{high-use| 149560 }} {{Lua|Module:For}} == Usage == This template yields a [[WP:Hatnote|hatnote]] similar to {{tl|Other uses}}, but allowing more flexible text with links to multiple articles or disambiguation pages. It accepts one or more parameters (zero is not allowed). === With one parameter (rare) === The first parameter sets the hatnote itself and should be plain text. Without any further parameter, it will link to a default disambiguation page for the article title, e.g. {{tlc|For|other entities}} yields on page Foo: {{hatnote|For other entities, see [[:Foo (disambiguation)]].}} This kind of usage with exactly one parameter is rare, as in most instances {{tl|Other uses}} (and in this case, {{tl|About}} with the same result) can be used more easily, and without any parameter. But it makes sense in some cases for disambiguation pages with the same type of other meanings, e.g. in [[Treaty of Lisbon]]: {{hatnote|For earlier treaties known as Treaty of Lisbon, see [[Treaty of Lisbon (disambiguation)]].}} However, for many such cases specific new templates have been implemented, like {{tl|Other people}}, {{tl|Other places}} etc. - see hatnote template overview box below. === With two parameters === The second parameter is used to change the resultant link, e.g. {{tlc|For|the acronym|FOO}} yields (wherever it is set, now independent of the article title): {{For|the acronym|FOO}} === With more parameters === The third, fourth and fifth parameters are used to give one, two, or three additional resultant links: {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar}} {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz}} {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz|Quux}} the last being produced by e.g. {{tlc|For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz|Quux}}. This template supports {{para|selfref}} (see {{tl|self reference}} and [[MOS:SELFREF]] for details). ==Tracking category== Pages with errors reported by this template are added to [[:Category:Hatnote templates using unusual parameters]]. ==See also== * {{tl|About}} * {{tl|For-text}} * {{tl|For multi}} * {{tl|See also}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template lists up to four articles on alternative meanings of a term. For further details and examples see the template documentation.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Description", "description": "a phrase describing the major alternative, or a general term for all alternative meanings", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "other people with the surname Smith" }, "2": { "label": "First link", "description": "A page to link to; usually a disambiguation page or the most likely other meaning.", "default": "{{PAGENAME}} (disambiguation)", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "Second link", "description": "A page to link to for another meaning, if any.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "4": { "label": "Third link", "description": "A page to link to for another meaning, if any.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "5": { "label": "Fourth link", "description": "A page to link to for another meaning, if any.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates|For]] [[Category:Hatnote templates]] }}</includeonly> 9t8id16fov71c7229dyhvgjyeaznzw2 10 10883 83948 2022-05-19T04:50:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template parameter usage wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{label|}}} |=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|C|c}}lick here] to see a monthly parameter usage report for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|this template}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |None|none=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} |for|For=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |#default=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{label|}}}]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> lpccs26r3pb49u723au85qnq27a3axj 10 10884 83949 2022-05-19T04:50:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template parameter usage/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{shortcut|1=WP:TPU}} The [https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php Template Parameters tool] is available for viewing template parameter usage in articles. It works with [[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] to show the frequency of parameter name usage in a template's mainspace transclusions, along with whether or not each parameter is listed in that template's TemplateData code as a supported parameter. For a required parameter, it can display a list of pages where the template is missing that parameter. The tool also shows commonly used values for each parameter. Each report is updated monthly and does not reflect changes made to articles or to the TemplateData code after the report's generation. == Usage == <pre> {{Template parameter usage | 1 = <!-- template:name, default=pagename --> | lc = <!-- yes/no --> | label= <!-- keywords like "for", or free labeltext --> }} </pre> :All parameters are optional, and have a default By default, the template links for the template page: :<nowiki>{{Template parameter usage}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{Template parameter usage}} [for this page] One can enter a template name: :<nowiki>{{Template parameter usage|Infobox film}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|Infobox film}} Optional: * {{para|lc|yes}} for lowercase "see": {{Template parameter usage|lc=yes|Infobox film}} * Entering {{para|1|Template:Infobox film}} is accepted (namespace is removed). Editor friendly, using a positional parameter. : When {{para|1}} is used, "this template" text changes: &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|1=Infobox film}} * {{para|label}} sets the visible text; it does not change the target link: ::{{para|label}} default &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|1=Infobox film}} ::{{para|label|none}} &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|1=Infobox film|label=none}} ::{{para|label|for}} &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|1=Infobox film|label=for}} ::{{para|label|FooBar}} &rarr; {{Template parameter usage|1=Infobox film|label=FooBar}} * {{para|based|yes}} adds the text "based on this TemplateData" to the end of the template (or "based on its TemplateData" if {{para|1}} is also used). The template is included in transclusions of {{Tl|TemplateData header}}. == Error reports == {{tl|Template parameter usage}} By default, it links a report for the template-page being viewed. To link a report for a different template-page, pass it as the first parameter: :{{tlx|Template parameter usage|Example}} makes a link to the error report for [[Template:Example]]: :&rarr; {{Template parameter usage|Example}} The first character can be made lowercase to follow on at the end of a sentence: :<code>Blah, {{tlp|Template parameter usage|2=lc=yes}}</code> → Blah, {{Template parameter usage|lc=yes}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Short line of text providing a link to a monthly parameter usage report for a template based on its TemplateData", "format": "inline", "params": { "lc": { "label": "Lowercase", "description": "Enter \"y\", \"yes\", \"true\", \"on\" or \"1\" here to make the text begin with a lowercase character.", "type": "line", "autovalue": "y", "example": "y" }, "1": { "label": "Custom template", "description": "Enter any template here to change the usage report link to that of that template", "type": "wiki-template-name", "example": "Anchor" }, "label": { "label": "Custom text", "description": "Enter any text here to make the template just the usage report link with the given custom text. Alternatively, enter \"none\" to include only the usage report link, or enter \"for\" to include only the usage report link followed by \"for <template name>\".", "type": "string" }, "based": { "label": "Append \"based on this[/its] TemplateData\"", "description": "Enter \"y\", \"yes\", \"true\", \"on\" or \"1\" here to append the text \"based on this TemplateData\" (or \"based on its TemplateData\" if \"Custom template\" is also used).", "type": "line", "autovalue": "y", "example": "y" } }, "paramOrder": [ "lc", "1", "label", "based" ] } </templatedata> ==See also== * {{tl|TemplateData header}} -- major user of this template <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:External link templates]] }}</includeonly> 2j0ghxonql2qybe6lxlp9u7ygyph9mj 10 10885 83950 2022-05-19T04:51:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Shortcut wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 5idoxkkbt62sniipoe18t8iorl88qpo 10 10886 83951 2022-05-19T04:51:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Shortcut/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|Shc|Short|Shorthand}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Shortcut}} {{Lua sidebar}} {{Commons|Template:Redirects}} This is the documentation for {{tl|shortcut}} and its sister templates. Template {{tl|shortcut}} renders a box, informing editors, which [[Wikipedia:Shortcut|shortcuts]] are available for linking to a page or a section of a page. The ''[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|shortcut]]'' family of templates is put into context here, but they each have their own documentation pages, [[#See also|see below]]. A shortcut template is similar to the {{tl|anchor}} template, but it adds a visual ''box'' graphic to the rendered page, as well as providing an alternative name. Creating a redirect page is a requirement to fulfill the shortcut mechanism. In templates, it is put in the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation page]]. == Usage == This template should not be used for articles in the main namespace, because the graphic produces an unavoidable [[WP:SELF|self-reference]]. # Insert the shortcut template. # Create a redirect page with the {{tl|R from shortcut}} template suffixed to the redirect. Name the page after your shortcut name. Include the namespace name in both the shortcut name and the redirect page name. For example, substitute your own shortcut name as the title of the page, and substitute the proper namespace, then add the REDIRECT as the top-line on your redirect page, and the category to the third line of the redirect: #:<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[</nowiki>''Namespace'':''Title of page with''#''Optional and possibly very long section name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki><br><br><nowiki>{{R from shortcut}}</nowiki></code> # Verify operation. Note that shortcut templates should display in all capitals, but operate without all capitals. '''Notes''' Shortcuts are used mainly on user pages and talk pages in reference to the Wikipedia, Help, and Portal namespaces. These templates inform about the shortcuts available to the page they are on. For example, [[WP:SHORT]] redirects to [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]] and therefore, Wikipedia:Shortcut renders a shortcut box listing WP:SHORT. It is a self-reference that is normally avoided in the main article namespace. The purpose of these templates is not to list every single redirect for a page (that's what [[Special:WhatLinksHere]] is for), but to list the most common and easily remembered redirects. == Parameters == {{tl|shortcut}} takes the following parameters: * {{code|1}}, {{code|2}}, {{code|3}}... – the shortcut links. * {{code|float}} – if set to {{code|left}}, the box floats to the left. * {{code|clear}} – if set to {{code|right}}, (or {{code|left}} if {{para|float|left}} is set), the box appears beneath, not beside, another floating element preceding it (infobox, thumbnail etc.). * {{code|msg}} – an unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links. * {{code|category}} – set to "no", "n", "false" or "0" to suppress error categories. == Examples == {| ! Code ! Result |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:SHORT}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:SHORT}} |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|WP:SOURCE}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|WP:SOURCE}} |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|4=msg=A message}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|msg=A message}} |} == Anchors == These templates automatically add an [[HTML element#Anchor|anchor]] for each shortcut name parameter. For example, if a shortcut box with the shortcut [[WP:SHORT]] is placed on the page [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]], then the link [[Wikipedia:Shortcut#WP:SHORT]] will take you to the position in the page where that shortcut box is placed. Examples: [[#WP:SHORT]], and [[MOS:MATH#TONE]] This makes it easier to create a shortcut for a section of a page, because you can refer to the anchor when creating the shortcut redirect itself. Like this: :<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Pagename#WP:SHORT]] {{R from shortcut}}</nowiki></code> == Positioning == This template is usually placed below the section header or at the top of a page. Before July 26, 2010, when the anchor was inside the box, this caused the section header to scroll above the page window. Fixes for this issue included: * Placing the shortcut above the section header; a bit confusing when editing * Creating the redirect to the section header, not the shortcut; this would break if the section header was renamed * Placing an {{tl|anchor}} in the section header that duplicated the shortcut These fixes are no longer needed, but do not break the current implementation. == TemplateData == <!-- The <nostrip> comments are necessary to work around bugs in [[Module:Plain text]] --> {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "template": { "label": "Template?", "description": "Whether this is a list of shortcuts for a Template. <p><!--nostrip-->'''See also:''' <code><!--nostrip-->{{[[Template:Template shortcut|Template shortcut]]}}</code></p>", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "redirect": { "label": "Redirect?", "description": "Whether to refer to the “shortcut/s” as “redirect/s” instead.", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to omit the <code><!--nostrip-->redirect=no</code><!--nostrip--> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code><!--nostrip-->float</code><!--nostrip--> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code><!--nostrip-->clear</code><!--nostrip--> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code><!--nostrip-->msg</code><!--nostrip--> is specified.", "default": "1", "autovalue": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Page/section shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Page/section shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Page/section shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Page/section shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Page/section shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Page/section shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Page/section shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Page/section shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Page/section shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-page-name" } }, "paramOrder": [ "template", "redirect", "target", "float", "clear", "category", "msg", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" ] } </templatedata>}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]] – The how-to guide and guideline about how and when to create shortcuts and shortcut boxes. A must-read for anyone handling shortcuts. * {{tl|Anchor}} – a way to overcome the otherwise permanent fact that section titles are the only way to link to a section * {{tl|R from shortcut}} – for placement on the redirect page * {{tl|Template shortcut}} – used for shortcuts/redirects to a template page * {{tl|Short URL box}} – for short URLs created with the [[:meta:Special:URLShortener|WMF URL shortener]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Shortcut templates]] }}</includeonly> 9noo69lrngijftgj6iumb6igt993tqi 10 10887 83952 2022-05-19T04:51:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strong wikitext text/x-wiki <strong {{#if:{{{role|}}}|role="{{{role}}}"}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</strong><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jhbv1h6fd9kjc1d4eovhzvnxrpqq09r 10 10888 83953 2022-05-19T04:52:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strong/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Purpose == This template makes it faster and easier to apply the {{tag|strong}} {{strong|importance, seriousness, or urgency}} [[HTML element]] to text, and more importantly to indicate to human and bot editors they should not use <code><nowiki>'''...'''</nowiki></code> or {{tag|b}} typographic boldfacing to replace the intentional and semantically meaningful {{tag|strong|open}}. The {{tag|strong}} element is usually rendered visually in a bold (heavy) typeface by default on graphical browsers, but can be parsed and acted upon in customizable ways with style sheets, apps and text-to-speech screen readers. It is said to be [[semantic markup]], i.e. markup that conveys meaning or context, not just visual appearance. Simple boldfacing is purely typographic and is semantically meaningless. It is most often used for headings, but has a few other uses (such as for book or film titles and the like, which are usually italicized, when they appear in an already-italicized passage). The average reader, and average editor, do not and need not care about this distinction most of the time, but it can be important and editors who understand it can use this template as a baseline insurance against accidental or careless replacement by bots and human editors. == Usage == :{{tlnull|strong|<var>important text</var>}} or, if the important text contains an equals sign: :{{tlnull|strong|'''1{{=}}'''<var>important text</var>}} These both render as: :{{strong|important text}} This template puts intentional and explicit {{tag|strong}} (importance, seriousness, or urgency) HTML markup around the text provided as the first parameter. It is safest to always use the {{para|1}} syntax. ===Optional parameters=== Advanced HTML values can be passed through the template to the HTML code: * {{para|role}} takes a WAI-ARIA role; adds <code>role="<var>rolename</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|class}} takes a class name (or multiple class names, separated by spaces); adds <code>class="<var>classname[s]</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|style}} takes inline CSS input; adds <code>style="<var>CSS directive[s]</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|id}} takes a valid, unique HTML id (must begin with an alphabetic letter); adds <code>id="<var>name</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|title}} takes text, which cannot be marked up in any way, and displays it as a pop-up "tooltip" when the cursor hovers over the {{tnull|strong}} span ===Use cases=== {{more|Wikipedia:WikiProject Usability/Scannability}} This template is made to mark important words or phrases in a text, in a way that is (unlike simply boldfacing it) [[Semantic markup|semantically meaningful markup]]. With this technique, the important text strongly stands out from the rest in most if not all visual browsers and some text-to-speech screen readers (which usually ignore purely typographic boldfacing), and can also be parsed by user agents and other software as definitively indicating importance, not just some typographic boldface effect for appearance's sake. It should therefore only be used very sparingly in articles to highlight the most important words or phrases in the entire article (and, rarely in encyclopedic writing, to represent relative importance). Use of this template has a strong effect on scannability, drawing the eye from elsewhere on the page to words marked up with the template. Typical uses on Wikipedia: * In the [[WP:LEAD|lead section of an article]], the article's title and its synonyms {{em|should}} be marked with {{tnull|strong}}. Example: "The {{strong|soma}}, or {{strong|perikaryon}}, or {{strong|cyton}}, is the bulbous end of a neuron." {{As of|July 2021}}, this is not yet common, but users should not revert it (nor criticize anyone for not using it). * After the lead, it {{em|can}} be used to highlight crucial terms of importance only slightly secondary to that of the article title and its synonyms. For example, the article on a viral infection might use {{tnull|strong}} to highlight the names of two identified strains of the disease in a "Varieties" section, as an aid to scannability. * In unusual cases (most often direct quotations) it is used to represent contextually important text, if the passage were spoken rather than written (e.g., because it indicates shouting). * Outside articles, it {{em|should}} be used (but {{as of|July 2021|lc=y}} isn't yet common) in polls, XfD processes, RfX votes, and similar comments and debates where users indicate that they approve of or disagree with a view or proposal. Example: "{{strong|Support}}, because of this and that reasons [...]" or "{{strong|Oppose}}, because of this and that reasons [...]". == When this template should not be used == Because {{tnull|strong}} is strictly for semantic (meaningful) importance, it should not be used for layout, typography conventions and such. In these different cases, bold <code><nowiki>'''...'''</nowiki></code> (which resolves to {{tag|b}} in the browser or other user agent) should be used instead. It should also not be used when the text to which it is applied is already boldfaced for some other reason (e.g., it is part of a heading); in such cases use {{tlx|em}} instead. Avoid using {{tnull|strong}} in non-quoted sentences that end in an exclamation point. And it is usually excessive to use it on terms that are already wikilinked, since the link markup acts to indicate importance itself. ==See also== * {{tlx|strongbad}} – same but red * {{tlx|stronggood}} – same but green * {{tlx|em}} – for italic rather than bold semantic emphasis<br />&nbsp; {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 9baf23f2zoh6n7v2q4w47st18y3by1e 10 10889 83954 2022-05-19T04:52:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Terminate sentence wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}}{{#if:{{#invoke:text|sentenceTerminated|{{{1|}}}}}||{{{2|.}}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qn47z9jj1gbam5odtqcnrnt6hqvwhtn 10 10890 83955 2022-05-19T04:53:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Terminate sentence/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Text}} This template returns its first argument, after adding a full stop (or its second argument) if the sentence was not finished. == Usage == * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|The rain in Spain}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|falls mainly on the plain.}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|BANG|!}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> }}</includeonly> poh2uo7tuw6rdtbypr55ll04qy4jcwt 828 10891 83956 2022-05-19T04:53:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:DemoTemplate Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') local newBuffer = require('Module:OutputBuffer') local mt = {} function mt.__index(t, title) return function(frame) local getBuffer, print, printf = newBuffer() printf('{{%s', title) local ipairsArgs = {} for k,v in ipairs(frame.args) do if string.find(v, '=', 1, true) then break end ipairsArgs[k] = true printf('|%s', v) end for k,v in pairs(frame.args) do if not ipairsArgs[k] then printf('|%s=%s', string.gsub(k, '=', '{{=}}'), v) end end print('}}') local buffer = getBuffer() -- rather than calling expandTemplate with the title and args we have, call preprocess, so that our code example will always match our output, even in the cases of pipes or other things we should have escaped but didn't return string.format('<code>%s</code> &rarr; %s', mw.text.nowiki(buffer), frame:preprocess(buffer)) end end return setmetatable({}, mt) qngjuip51n16bp7fhsbud168a9jjmg2 828 10892 83957 2022-05-19T04:54:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:DemoTemplate/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|beta}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == Simply place "#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|" before a call to a template. For example, <nowiki>{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|Convert|10|km|nmi|abbr=off}}</nowiki> yields the following: :{{#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Convert|10|km|nmi|abbr=off}} This module handles both named and positional parameters as well as equals signs in both parameter names and values correctly, so this (for example) will work: <nowiki>{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|1x|1=Some parameter with an = sign in it}}</nowiki> :{{#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1x|1=Some parameter with an = sign in it}} Note, however, that pipes, curly braces, etc. are not currently handled correctly by this module, so this (for example) will '''not''' work correctly: <nowiki>{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|1x|foo{{!}}bar}}</nowiki> :{{#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1x|foo{{!}}bar}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> rxr1xp96enhuu6z1fn789urioukvkz9 828 10893 83958 2022-05-19T04:54:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:OutputBuffer Scribunto text/plain return function() local buffer = {} return function(sep) local b = buffer buffer = {} return table.concat(b, sep) end, function(text) buffer[#buffer + 1] = text end, function(...) buffer[#buffer + 1] = string.format(...) end end q99uj160az0ttaurr5k4mo7r9ep8nyi 828 10894 83959 2022-05-19T04:54:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:OutputBuffer/doc wikitext text/x-wiki his module provides an easy and efficient way to generate lengthy strings. == Usage == First, load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local newBuffer = require('Module:OutputBuffer') </syntaxhighlight> Then, create the buffer and the functions that act on it. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local getBuffer, print, printf = newBuffer() </syntaxhighlight> === getBuffer === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local text = getBuffer(sep) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the contents of the buffer, with an optional separator string <var>sep</var>. === print === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> print(s) </syntaxhighlight> Adds the string <var>s</var> to the buffer. === printf === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> printf(s, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Adds the string <var>s</var> to the buffer. The string is formatted with any subsequent arguments, following the rules used for [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#String.format|string.format]]. == Example == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local newBuffer = require('Module:OutputBuffer') local p = {} function p.main() local getBuffer, print, printf = newBuffer() print('Welcome to the English Wikipedia.') printf('There are currently %d articles on this site.', mw.site.stats.articles) return getBuffer(' ') end return p -- Assuming this module's name is "TestModule", and that mw.site.stats.articles returns 4500000, -- {{#invoke:TestModule|main}} would output: -- "Welcome to the English Wikipedia. There are currently 4500000 articles on this site." </syntaxhighlight> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> 5rnk4chm88eafk0b3hgwjs6aw5mvn3v 828 10895 83960 2022-05-19T04:55:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Text Scribunto text/plain local Text = { serial = "2017-11-01", suite = "Text" } --[=[ Text utilities ]=] -- local globals local PatternCJK = false local PatternCombined = false local PatternLatin = false local PatternTerminated = false local QuoteLang = false local QuoteType = false local RangesLatin = false local SeekQuote = false local function factoryQuote() -- Create quote definitions QuoteLang = { af = "bd", ar = "la", be = "labd", bg = "bd", ca = "la", cs = "bd", da = "bd", de = "bd", dsb = "bd", et = "bd", el = "lald", en = "ld", es = "la", eu = "la", -- fa = "la", fi = "rd", fr = "laSPC", ga = "ld", he = "ldla", hr = "bd", hsb = "bd", hu = "bd", hy = "labd", id = "rd", is = "bd", it = "ld", ja = "x300C", ka = "bd", ko = "ld", lt = "bd", lv = "bd", nl = "ld", nn = "la", no = "la", pl = "bdla", pt = "lald", ro = "bdla", ru = "labd", sk = "bd", sl = "bd", sq = "la", sr = "bx", sv = "rd", th = "ld", tr = "ld", uk = "la", zh = "ld", ["de-ch"] = "la", ["en-gb"] = "lsld", ["en-us"] = "ld", ["fr-ch"] = "la", ["it-ch"] = "la", ["pt-br"] = "ldla", ["zh-tw"] = "x300C", ["zh-cn"] = "ld" } QuoteType = { bd = { { 8222, 8220 }, { 8218, 8217 } }, bdla = { { 8222, 8220 }, { 171, 187 } }, bx = { { 8222, 8221 }, { 8218, 8217 } }, la = { { 171, 187 }, { 8249, 8250 } }, laSPC = { { 171, 187 }, { 8249, 8250 }, true }, labd = { { 171, 187 }, { 8222, 8220 } }, lald = { { 171, 187 }, { 8220, 8221 } }, ld = { { 8220, 8221 }, { 8216, 8217 } }, ldla = { { 8220, 8221 }, { 171, 187 } }, lsld = { { 8216, 8217 }, { 8220, 8221 } }, rd = { { 8221, 8221 }, { 8217, 8217 } }, x300C = { { 0x300C, 0x300D }, { 0x300E, 0x300F } } } return r end -- factoryQuote() local function fiatQuote( apply, alien, advance ) -- Quote text -- Parameter: -- apply -- string, with text -- alien -- string, with language code -- advance -- number, with level 1 or 2 local r = apply local suite if not QuoteLang then factoryQuote() end suite = QuoteLang[ alien ] if not suite then local slang = alien:match( "^(%l+)-" ) if slang then suite = QuoteLang[ slang ] end if not suite then suite = QuoteLang[ "en" ] end end if suite then local quotes = QuoteType[ suite ] if quotes then local space if quotes[ 3 ] then space = "&#160;" else space = "" end quotes = quotes[ advance ] if quotes then r = mw.ustring.format( "%s%s%s%s%s", mw.ustring.char( quotes[ 1 ] ), space, apply, space, mw.ustring.char( quotes[ 2 ] ) ) end else mw.log( "fiatQuote() " .. suite ) end end return r end -- fiatQuote() Text.char = function ( apply, again, accept ) -- Create string from codepoints -- Parameter: -- apply -- table (sequence) with numerical codepoints, or nil -- again -- number of repetitions, or nil -- accept -- true, if no error messages to be appended -- Returns: string local r if type( apply ) == "table" then local bad = { } local codes = { } local s for k, v in pairs( apply ) do s = type( v ) if s == "number" then if v < 32 and v ~= 9 and v ~= 10 then v = tostring( v ) else v = math.floor( v ) s = false end elseif s ~= "string" then v = tostring( v ) end if s then table.insert( bad, v ) else table.insert( codes, v ) end end -- for k, v if #bad == 0 then if #codes > 0 then r = mw.ustring.char( unpack( codes ) ) if again then if type( again ) == "number" then local n = math.floor( again ) if n > 1 then r = r:rep( n ) elseif n < 1 then r = "" end else s = "bad repetitions: " .. tostring( again ) end end end else s = "bad codepoints: " .. table.concat( bad, " " ) end if s and not accept then r = tostring( mw.html.create( "span" ) :addClass( "error" ) :wikitext( s ) ) end end return r or "" end -- Text.char() Text.concatParams = function ( args, apply, adapt ) -- Concat list items into one string -- Parameter: -- args -- table (sequence) with numKey=string -- apply -- string (optional); separator (default: "|") -- adapt -- string (optional); format including "%s" -- Returns: string local collect = { } args = type(args) == 'table' and args or {} -- ensure args is table for k, v in pairs( args ) do if type( k ) == "number" then v = mw.text.trim( v ) if v ~= "" then if adapt then v = mw.ustring.format( adapt, v ) end table.insert( collect, v ) end end end -- for k, v return table.concat( collect, apply or "|" ) end -- Text.concatParams() Text.containsCJK = function ( analyse ) -- Is any CJK code within? -- Parameter: -- analyse -- string -- Returns: true, if CJK detected analyse = analyse or "" if not patternCJK then patternCJK = mw.ustring.char( 91, 4352, 45, 4607, 11904, 45, 42191, 43072, 45, 43135, 44032, 45, 55215, 63744, 45, 64255, 65072, 45, 65103, 65381, 45, 65500, 131072, 45, 196607, 93 ) end if mw.ustring.find( analyse, patternCJK ) then return true end return false end -- Text.containsCJK() Text.removeDelimited = function (s, prefix, suffix) -- Remove all text in s delimited by prefix and suffix (inclusive) -- Arguments: -- s = string to process -- prefix = initial delimiter -- suffix = ending delimiter -- Returns: stripped string local prefixLen = mw.ustring.len(prefix) local suffixLen = mw.ustring.len(suffix) local i = s:find(prefix, 1, true) local r = s local j while i do j = r:find(suffix, i + prefixLen) if j then r = r:sub(1, i - 1)..r:sub(j+suffixLen) else r = r:sub(1, i - 1) end i = r:find(prefix, 1, true) end return r end Text.getPlain = function ( adjust ) -- Remove wikisyntax from string, except templates -- Parameter: -- adjust -- string -- Returns: string local r = Text.removeDelimited(adjust,"<!--","-->") r = r:gsub( "(</?%l[^>]*>)", "" ) :gsub( "'''", "" ) :gsub( "''", "" ) :gsub( "&nbsp;", " " ) return r end -- Text.getPlain() Text.isLatinRange = function ( adjust ) -- Are characters expected to be latin or symbols within latin texts? -- Precondition: -- adjust -- string, or nil for initialization -- Returns: true, if valid for latin only local r if not RangesLatin then RangesLatin = { { 7, 687 }, { 7531, 7578 }, { 7680, 7935 }, { 8194, 8250 } } end if not PatternLatin then local range PatternLatin = "^[" for i = 1, #RangesLatin do range = RangesLatin[ i ] PatternLatin = PatternLatin .. mw.ustring.char( range[ 1 ], 45, range[ 2 ] ) end -- for i PatternLatin = PatternLatin .. "]*$" end if adjust then if mw.ustring.match( adjust, PatternLatin ) then r = true else r = false end end return r end -- Text.isLatinRange() Text.isQuote = function ( ask ) -- Is this character any quotation mark? -- Parameter: -- ask -- string, with single character -- Returns: true, if ask is quotation mark local r if not SeekQuote then SeekQuote = mw.ustring.char( 34, -- " 39, -- ' 171, -- laquo 187, -- raquo 8216, -- lsquo 8217, -- rsquo 8218, -- sbquo 8220, -- ldquo 8221, -- rdquo 8222, -- bdquo 8249, -- lsaquo 8250, -- rsaquo 0x300C, -- CJK 0x300D, -- CJK 0x300E, -- CJK 0x300F ) -- CJK end if ask == "" then r = false elseif mw.ustring.find( SeekQuote, ask, 1, true ) then r = true else r = false end return r end -- Text.isQuote() Text.listToText = function ( args, adapt ) -- Format list items similar to mw.text.listToText() -- Parameter: -- args -- table (sequence) with numKey=string -- adapt -- string (optional); format including "%s" -- Returns: string local collect = { } for k, v in pairs( args ) do if type( k ) == "number" then v = mw.text.trim( v ) if v ~= "" then if adapt then v = mw.ustring.format( adapt, v ) end table.insert( collect, v ) end end end -- for k, v return mw.text.listToText( collect ) end -- Text.listToText() Text.quote = function ( apply, alien, advance ) -- Quote text -- Parameter: -- apply -- string, with text -- alien -- string, with language code, or nil -- advance -- number, with level 1 or 2, or nil -- Returns: quoted string local mode, slang if type( alien ) == "string" then slang = mw.text.trim( alien ):lower() else slang = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().pageLanguage if not slang then -- TODO FIXME: Introduction expected 2017-04 slang = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getCode() end end if advance == 2 then mode = 2 else mode = 1 end return fiatQuote( mw.text.trim( apply ), slang, mode ) end -- Text.quote() Text.quoteUnquoted = function ( apply, alien, advance ) -- Quote text, if not yet quoted and not empty -- Parameter: -- apply -- string, with text -- alien -- string, with language code, or nil -- advance -- number, with level 1 or 2, or nil -- Returns: string; possibly quoted local r = mw.text.trim( apply ) local s = mw.ustring.sub( r, 1, 1 ) if s ~= "" and not Text.isQuote( s, advance ) then s = mw.ustring.sub( r, -1, 1 ) if not Text.isQuote( s ) then r = Text.quote( r, alien, advance ) end end return r end -- Text.quoteUnquoted() Text.removeDiacritics = function ( adjust ) -- Remove all diacritics -- Parameter: -- adjust -- string -- Returns: string; all latin letters should be ASCII -- or basic greek or cyrillic or symbols etc. local cleanup, decomposed if not PatternCombined then PatternCombined = mw.ustring.char( 91, 0x0300, 45, 0x036F, 0x1AB0, 45, 0x1AFF, 0x1DC0, 45, 0x1DFF, 0xFE20, 45, 0xFE2F, 93 ) end decomposed = mw.ustring.toNFD( adjust ) cleanup = mw.ustring.gsub( decomposed, PatternCombined, "" ) return mw.ustring.toNFC( cleanup ) end -- Text.removeDiacritics() Text.sentenceTerminated = function ( analyse ) -- Is string terminated by dot, question or exclamation mark? -- Quotation, link termination and so on granted -- Parameter: -- analyse -- string -- Returns: true, if sentence terminated local r if not PatternTerminated then PatternTerminated = mw.ustring.char( 91, 12290, 65281, 65294, 65311 ) .. "!%.%?…][\"'%]‹›«»‘’“”]*$" end if mw.ustring.find( analyse, PatternTerminated ) then r = true else r = false end return r end -- Text.sentenceTerminated() Text.ucfirstAll = function ( adjust ) -- Capitalize all words -- Precondition: -- adjust -- string -- Returns: string with all first letters in upper case local r = " " .. adjust local i = 1 local c, j, m if adjust:find( "&" ) then r = r:gsub( "&amp;", "&#38;" ) :gsub( "&lt;", "&#60;" ) :gsub( "&gt;", "&#62;" ) :gsub( "&nbsp;", "&#160;" ) :gsub( "&thinsp;", "&#8201;" ) :gsub( "&zwnj;", "&#8204;" ) :gsub( "&zwj;", "&#8205;" ) :gsub( "&lrm;", "&#8206;" ) :gsub( "&rlm;", "&#8207;" ) m = true end while i do i = mw.ustring.find( r, "%W%l", i ) if i then j = i + 1 c = mw.ustring.upper( mw.ustring.sub( r, j, j ) ) r = string.format( "%s%s%s", mw.ustring.sub( r, 1, i ), c, mw.ustring.sub( r, i + 2 ) ) i = j end end -- while i r = r:sub( 2 ) if m then r = r:gsub( "&#38;", "&amp;" ) :gsub( "&#60;", "&lt;" ) :gsub( "&#62;", "&gt;" ) :gsub( "&#160;", "&nbsp;" ) :gsub( "&#8201;", "&thinsp;" ) :gsub( "&#8204;", "&zwnj;" ) :gsub( "&#8205;", "&zwj;" ) :gsub( "&#8206;", "&lrm;" ) :gsub( "&#8207;", "&rlm;" ) :gsub( "&#X(%x+);", "&#x%1;" ) end return r end -- Text.ucfirstAll() Text.uprightNonlatin = function ( adjust ) -- Ensure non-italics for non-latin text parts -- One single greek letter might be granted -- Precondition: -- adjust -- string -- Returns: string with non-latin parts enclosed in <span> local r Text.isLatinRange() if mw.ustring.match( adjust, PatternLatin ) then -- latin only, horizontal dashes, quotes r = adjust else local c local j = false local k = 1 local m = false local n = mw.ustring.len( adjust ) local span = "%s%s<span dir='auto' style='font-style:normal'>%s</span>" local flat = function ( a ) -- isLatin local range for i = 1, #RangesLatin do range = RangesLatin[ i ] if a >= range[ 1 ] and a <= range[ 2 ] then return true end end -- for i end -- flat() local focus = function ( a ) -- char is not ambivalent local r = ( a > 64 ) if r then r = ( a < 8192 or a > 8212 ) else r = ( a == 38 or a == 60 ) -- '&' '<' end return r end -- focus() local form = function ( a ) return string.format( span, r, mw.ustring.sub( adjust, k, j - 1 ), mw.ustring.sub( adjust, j, a ) ) end -- form() r = "" for i = 1, n do c = mw.ustring.codepoint( adjust, i, i ) if focus( c ) then if flat( c ) then if j then if m then if i == m then -- single greek letter. j = false end m = false end if j then local nx = i - 1 local s = "" for ix = nx, 1, -1 do c = mw.ustring.sub( adjust, ix, ix ) if c == " " or c == "(" then nx = nx - 1 s = c .. s else break -- for ix end end -- for ix r = form( nx ) .. s j = false k = i end end elseif not j then j = i if c >= 880 and c <= 1023 then -- single greek letter? m = i + 1 else m = false end end elseif m then m = m + 1 end end -- for i if j and ( not m or m < n ) then r = form( n ) else r = r .. mw.ustring.sub( adjust, k ) end end return r end -- Text.uprightNonlatin() Text.test = function ( about ) local r if about == "quote" then factoryQuote() r = { } r.QuoteLang = QuoteLang r.QuoteType = QuoteType end return r end -- Text.test() -- Export local p = { } function p.char( frame ) local params = frame:getParent().args local story = params[ 1 ] local codes, lenient, multiple if not story then params = frame.args story = params[ 1 ] end if story then local items = mw.text.split( story, "%s+" ) if #items > 0 then local j lenient = ( params.errors == "0" ) codes = { } multiple = tonumber( params[ "*" ] ) for k, v in pairs( items ) do if v:sub( 1, 1 ) == "x" then j = tonumber( "0" .. v ) elseif v == "" then v = false else j = tonumber( v ) end if v then table.insert( codes, j or v ) end end -- for k, v end end return Text.char( codes, multiple, lenient ) end function p.concatParams( frame ) local args local template = frame.args.template if type( template ) == "string" then template = mw.text.trim( template ) template = ( template == "1" ) end if template then args = frame:getParent().args else args = frame.args end return Text.concatParams( args, frame.args.separator, frame.args.format ) end function p.containsCJK( frame ) return Text.containsCJK( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) and "1" or "" end function p.getPlain( frame ) return Text.getPlain( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) end function p.isLatinRange( frame ) return Text.isLatinRange( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) and "1" or "" end function p.isQuote( frame ) return Text.isQuote( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) and "1" or "" end function p.listToFormat(frame) local lists = {} local pformat = frame.args["format"] local sep = frame.args["sep"] or ";" -- Parameter parsen: Listen for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do local knum = tonumber(k) if knum then lists[knum] = v end end -- Listen splitten local maxListLen = 0 for i = 1, #lists do lists[i] = mw.text.split(lists[i], sep) if #lists[i] > maxListLen then maxListLen = #lists[i] end end -- Ergebnisstring generieren local result = "" local result_line = "" for i = 1, maxListLen do result_line = pformat for j = 1, #lists do result_line = mw.ustring.gsub(result_line, "%%s", lists[j][i], 1) end result = result .. result_line end return result end function p.listToText( frame ) local args local template = frame.args.template if type( template ) == "string" then template = mw.text.trim( template ) template = ( template == "1" ) end if template then args = frame:getParent().args else args = frame.args end return Text.listToText( args, frame.args.format ) end function p.quote( frame ) local slang = frame.args[2] if type( slang ) == "string" then slang = mw.text.trim( slang ) if slang == "" then slang = false end end return Text.quote( frame.args[ 1 ] or "", slang, tonumber( frame.args[3] ) ) end function p.quoteUnquoted( frame ) local slang = frame.args[2] if type( slang ) == "string" then slang = mw.text.trim( slang ) if slang == "" then slang = false end end return Text.quoteUnquoted( frame.args[ 1 ] or "", slang, tonumber( frame.args[3] ) ) end function p.removeDiacritics( frame ) return Text.removeDiacritics( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) end function p.sentenceTerminated( frame ) return Text.sentenceTerminated( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) and "1" or "" end function p.ucfirstAll( frame ) return Text.ucfirstAll( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) end function p.uprightNonlatin( frame ) return Text.uprightNonlatin( frame.args[ 1 ] or "" ) end function p.zip(frame) local lists = {} local seps = {} local defaultsep = frame.args["sep"] or "" local innersep = frame.args["isep"] or "" local outersep = frame.args["osep"] or "" -- Parameter parsen for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do local knum = tonumber(k) if knum then lists[knum] = v else if string.sub(k, 1, 3) == "sep" then local sepnum = tonumber(string.sub(k, 4)) if sepnum then seps[sepnum] = v end end end end -- sofern keine expliziten Separatoren angegeben sind, den Standardseparator verwenden for i = 1, math.max(#seps, #lists) do if not seps[i] then seps[i] = defaultsep end end -- Listen splitten local maxListLen = 0 for i = 1, #lists do lists[i] = mw.text.split(lists[i], seps[i]) if #lists[i] > maxListLen then maxListLen = #lists[i] end end local result = "" for i = 1, maxListLen do if i ~= 1 then result = result .. outersep end for j = 1, #lists do if j ~= 1 then result = result .. innersep end result = result .. (lists[j][i] or "") end end return result end function p.failsafe() return Text.serial end p.Text = function () return Text end -- p.Text return p kfi4k2q0ha9ipqjf87vw9dv8eaevk7r 828 10896 83961 2022-05-19T04:56:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Text/doc wikitext text/x-wiki '''<code>Text</code>''' – Module containing methods for the manipulation of text, wikimarkup and some HTML. == {{Anchor|Vorlage}} Functions for templates == All methods have an unnamed parameter containing the text. The return value is an empty string if the parameter does not meet the conditions. When the condition is matched or some result is successfully found, strings of at least one character are returned. ; char {{Anchor|char}} : Creates a string from a list of character codes. ::; 1 ::: Space-separated list of character codes ::; * ::: Number of repetitions of the list in parameter '''1'''; (Default 1). ::; errors ::: <code>0</code> – Silence errors ; concatParams {{Anchor|concatParams}} : Combine any number of elements into a list, like <code>table.concat()</code> in Lua. : From a template: ::; 1 ::: First element; missing and empty elements are ignored. ::; 2 3 4 5 6 … ::: Further list elements : From Lua ::; args ::: ''table (sequence)'' of the elements ::; apply ::: Separator between elements; defaults to <code>|</code> ::; adapt ::: optional formatting, which will be applied to each element; must contain <code>%s</code>. ; containsCJK {{Anchor|containsCJK}} : Returns whether the input string contains any [[CJK characters]] :* Returns nothing if there are no CJK characters ; removeDelimited : Remove all text between delimiters, including the delimiters themselves. ; getPlain{{Anchor|getPlain}} : Remove wikimarkup (except templates): comments, tags, bold, italic, nbsp ; isLatinRange {{Anchor|isLatinRange}} : Returns some content, unless the string contains a character that would not normally be found in Latin text. :* Returns nothing if there is a non-Latin string. ; isQuote {{Anchor|isQuote}} : Returns some content if the parameter passed is a single character, and that character is a quote, such as <code>'</code>. :* Returns nothing for multiple characters, or if the character passed is not a quote. ; listToText {{Anchor|listToText}} : Formats list elements analogously to [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.text.listToText|mw.text.listToText()]]. : The elements are separated by a comma and space ; the word "and" appears between the first and last. : Unnamed parameters become the list items. : Optional parameters for <code>#invoke</code>: :* <code>format</code> – Every list element will first be formatted with this format string; see [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#string.format|here]] for how to construct this string. The string must contain at least one <code>%s</code> sequence. :* <code>template=1</code> – List elements should be taken from the calling template. : Returns the resulting string. ; quote {{Anchor|quote}} : Wrap the string in quotes; quotes can be chosen for a specific language. ::; 1 ::: Input text (will be automatically trimmed); may be empty. ::; 2 ::: ''(optional)'' the [[ISO 639]] language code for the quote marks; should be one of the [[:de:Wikipedia:Lua/Modul/Text/Test#Anführungszeichen|supported languages]] {{in lang|de}} ::; 3 ::: ''(optional)'' <code>2</code> for second level quotes. This means the single quote marks in a statement such as: Jack said, “Jill said ‘fish’ last Tuesday.” ; quoteUnquoted {{Anchor|quoteUnquoted}} : : Wrap the string in quotes; quotes can be chosen for a specific language. Will not quote an empty string, and will not quote if there is a quote at the start or end of the (trimmed) string. ::; 1 ::: Input text (will be automatically trimmed); may be empty. ::; 2 ::: ''(optional)'' the [[ISO 639]] language code for the quote marks; should be one of the [[:de:Wikipedia:Lua/Modul/Text/Test#Anführungszeichen|supported languages]] {{in lang|de}} ::; 3 ::: ''(optional)'' <code>2</code> for second level quotes. This means the single quote marks in a statement such as: Jack said, “Jill said ‘fish’ last Tuesday.” ; removeDiacritics {{Anchor|removeDiacritics}} : Removes all [[diacritical marks]] from the input. ::; 1 ::;: Input text ; sentenceTerminated {{Anchor|sentenceTerminated}} : Is this sentence terminated? Should work with CJK, and allows quotation marks to follow. :* Returns nothing if the sentence is unterminated. ; ucfirstAll {{Anchor|ucfirstAll}} : The first letter of every recognized word is converted to upper case. This contrasts with the parser function {{tlg|:mw:ucfirst|alttext=ucfirst:}} which changes only the first character of the whole string passed. : A few common HTML entities are protected; the implementation of this may mean that numerical entities passed (e.g. <code>&amp;#38;)</code> are converted to <code>&amp;amp;</code> form ; uprightNonlatin {{Anchor|uprightNonlatin}} : Takes a string. Italicized non-Latin characters are un-italicized, unless they are a single Greek letter. ; zip {{Anchor|zip}} : Combines a tuple of lists by [[convolution (computer science)|convolution]]. This is easiest to explain by example: given two lists, list1 = "a b c" and list2 = "1 2 3", then<br><code>zip(liste1, liste2, sep = " ", isep = "-", osep = "/")</code><br>outputs<br><code>a-1/b-2/c-3</code> :* 1, 2, 3, … – Lists to be combined :* <code>sep</code> – A separator (in Lua [[regex]] form) used to split the lists. If empty, the lists are split into individual characters. :* <code>sep1</code>, <code>sep2</code>, <code>sep3</code>, … – Allows a different separator to be used for each list. :* <code>isep</code> – Output separator; placed between elements which were at the ''same'' index in their lists. :* <code>osep</code> – Output separator; placed between elements which had ''different'' original indices; i.e. between the groups joined with <code>isep</code> === Examples and test page === There are [[:de:Wikipedia:Lua/Modul/Text/Test|tests available]] {{in lang|de}} to illustrate this in practice. == {{Anchor|Lua}} Use in another Lua module == All of the above functions can be called from other Lua modules. Use <code>require()</code>; the below code checks for errors loading it: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local lucky, Text = pcall( require, "Module:Text" ) if type( Text ) == "table" then Text = Text.Text() else -- In the event of errors, Text is an error message. return "<span class=\"error\">" .. Text .. "</span>" end </syntaxhighlight> You may then call: * Text.char( apply, again, accept ) * Text.concatParams( args, separator, format ) * Text.containsCJK( s ) * Text.removeDelimited( s ) * Text.getPlain( s ) * Text.isLatinRange( s ) * Text.isQuote( c ) * Text.listToText( table, format ) * Text.quote( s, lang, mode ) * Text.quoteUnquoted( s, lang, mode ) * Text.removeDiacritics( s ) * Text.sentenceTerminated( s ) * Text.ucfirstAll( s ) * Text.uprightNonlatin( s ) * <s>Text.zip(…)</s> * ''Text.test( s )'' == Usage == This is a general library; use it anywhere. == Dependencies == None. == See also == {{String-handling templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings]] }}</includeonly> 4yf62vzcf8wqj8yty3ip5bj3z4bk3o2 10 10897 83962 2022-05-19T04:56:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Div col wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/><!-- --><div class="div-col {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|div-col-small}} {{#ifeq:{{{rules|}}}|yes|div-col-rules}} {{{class|}}}" <!-- -->{{#if:{{{colwidth|}}}{{{gap|}}}{{{style|}}}|<!-- -->style="{{#if:{{{colwidth|}}}|column-width: {{{colwidth}}};}}{{#if:{{{gap|}}}|column-gap: {{{gap}}};}}{{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}"<!-- -->}}><!-- -->{{#if:{{{content|}}}|{{{content}}}</div>}}<!-- Inventory how many pages use small=yes -->{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes|[[Category:Pages using div col with small parameter]]}}<!-- --></includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using div col with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Div col]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"; use colwidth= to specify column size |ignoreblank=y | class | colwidth | content | gap | rules | small | style }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> cwqp9gtrnaa6hga4rh0s9vzcnfwr54n 10 10898 83963 2022-05-19T04:57:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Div col/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----------------------------------------------------------------------------- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Div col|{{High-use| 269676 }}|{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Div col end|{{High-use| 209292 }}}}}} {{Ombox |type=notice |text=Columns are not supported by some older browsers, most notably Internet Explorer 9 and earlier and Opera 11.0 and earlier. See {{section link|Template:Reflist#Browser support for columns}} for more information.}} {{CSS3 multiple column layout}} {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Div col/styles.css}} The '''div col''' (short for division columns) formats a list into columns that wrap at multiple screen resolutions responsively. It automatically breaks the available screen space into equal parts, meaning, for instance, that it is not necessary to guess how many columns to use and then figure out the dividing point(s), e.g., the halfway point to divide the list into two columns, or the one-third and two-thirds points to divide the list into three columns. ==Usage== === Basic usage === <pre> {{div col}} <!-- default width is 30em --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ===Parameters=== There are six parameters for this template: ; {{para|colwidth}} : Specifies the minimum width of the columns so that the number of columns is automatically based on screen width (that is, more columns will be shown on wider displays). If no value is supplied, the template uses a default of 30em. The width can be specified in any [[CSS#Length units|CSS unit of measure]], for instance, the [[Em (typography)|em]] (about the width of the capital "M" of the displayed typeface), e.g., <code>colwidth=20em</code>. ; {{para|rules|yes}} : Adds vertical lines ("rules") between the columns if set to <code>yes</code>. ; {{para|gap}} : Specifies the space between the content of adjacent columns, in any valid CSS width unit, e.g., <code>gap=2em</code>. The default spacing (set by browser) is 1em. ; {{para|class}} : An HTML class, or multiple space-delimited classes, to apply to the columns. For example, <code>class=plainlist nowrap</code>. ; {{para|style}} : [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS styling]] to apply to the columns. ; {{para|small|yes}} : Sets font size to 90%. ; {{para|content}} : Content to apply to the columns. This parameter is effectively equivalent to {{tl|columns-list}}, which is a pass-through for this template. === Examples === ====Colwidth==== <pre> {{div col|colwidth=10em}} <!-- column width of 10em --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ====Rules==== <pre> {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes}} <!-- column width of 10em with rules --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ====Gap==== <pre> {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em}} <!-- column width of 10em with rules and a gap of 2em --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ====Small==== <pre> {{Div col|small=yes}} <!-- Small = yes --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|small=yes}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ====Content==== <pre> {{Div col|colwidth=10em|content= <!-- content parameter doesn't need {{div col end}} --> * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h }} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em|content= * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h }} ====Multiple parameters==== <pre> {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em|small=yes}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em|small=yes}} * a * b * c * d * e * f * g * h {{Div col end}} ==== Text characters without list markup ==== <pre> {{div col|colwidth=10em}} <!--Text characters without list markup --> a b c d e f g h {{div col end}} </pre> Produces {{Div col|colwidth=10em}} a b c d e f g h {{Div col end}} ==== Lorem ipsum ==== <pre> {{div col}} <!--Lorem ipsum --> {{lorem ipsum}} {{div col end}} </pre> Produces {{Div col}} {{lorem ipsum}} {{Div col end}} == Limitation == === Sub-lists === The underlying CSS system is unable to break sub-lists into columns. Note the uneven formatting below: <pre> {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em|style=column-count:3|content= * a * b * c ** c.d ** c.e ** c.f * g * h }} </pre> Produces: {{Div col|colwidth=10em|rules=yes|gap=2em|style=column-count:3|content= * a * b * c ** c.d ** c.e ** c.f * g * h }} Turning off the {{code|break-inside: avoid-column;}} rule appears to help.<!-- A full page refersh is needed; just F12-ing doesn't work. --> ==Tracking categories== * {{category link with count|Pages using div col with unknown parameters}} (for erroneous use of parameter names not documented here) * {{category link with count|Pages using div col with small parameter}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} {{#switch: {{BASEPAGENAME}} |Div col=<templatedata> { "description": "Breaks a list into columns. It automatically breaks each column to an equal space, so you do not manually have to find the half way point on two columns. The list is provided by |content= or closed with {{div col end}}.", "params": { "colwidth": { "label": "Column width", "description": "Specifies the width of columns, and determines dynamically the number of columns based on screen width; more columns will be shown on wider displays.", "type": "string", "example": "30em" }, "rules": { "label": "Rules", "description": "Produces vertical rules between the columns if set to yes.", "type": "string", "example": "yes" }, "gap": { "label": "Gap size", "description": "Specifies the space between the content of adjacent columns.", "type": "string", "example": "2em" }, "class": { "label": "HTML class", "description": "Specifies any class or multiple space-delimited classes.", "type": "string", "example": "plainlist nowrap" }, "style": { "label": "CSS style", "description": "Specifies any custom styling.", "type": "string" }, "content": { "label": "Content", "description": "Specifies the content to divide into columns", "type": "content" }, "small": { "label": "Small font", "description": "Use a smaller font size (90%)", "example": "yes", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> |Div col end=<templatedata> { "description": "Ends a multi-column list started by {{div col}}. It takes no parameters.", "params": { } } </templatedata> }} ==Redirects== {{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Div col| * {{Tlx|Col div}} * {{Tlx|Colbegin}} (but '''not''' {{Tlx|Col begin}} or {{Tlx|Col-begin}}) * {{Tlx|Cols}} * {{Tlx|Div col start}} * {{Tlx|Div col begin}} * {{Tlx|Div-col}} * {{Tlx|Palmares start}} }} {{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Div col end| *{{Tlx|Col div end}} *{{Tlx|Colend}} (but '''not''' {{Tlx|Col end}}) *{{Tlx|Div end}} *{{Tlx|Divcol-end}} *{{Tlx|Divcolend}} *{{Tlx|Divend}} *{{Tlx|End div col}} *{{Tlx|EndDivCol}} }} ==See also== {{Column-generating template families}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Multi-column templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] <!--?:-->{{#switch:{{PAGENAME}} |Div col= |Div col end=}} }}</includeonly> bzjv9ckgmvzprd01z19dvhsyqxle4yb 828 10899 83964 2022-05-19T04:58:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Effective protection expiry Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Returns the expiry of a restriction of an action on a given title, or unknown if it cannot be known. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) local title if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then title = pagename elseif pagename then title = mw.title.new(pagename) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end pagename = title.prefixedText if action == 'autoreview' then local stabilitySettings = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title) return stabilitySettings and stabilitySettings.expiry or 'unknown' elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' then error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, autoreview', 2 ) end local rawExpiry = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('PROTECTIONEXPIRY', action, pagename) if rawExpiry == 'infinity' then return 'infinity' elseif rawExpiry == '' then return 'unknown' else local year, month, day, hour, minute, second = rawExpiry:match( '^(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)$' ) if year then return string.format( '%s-%s-%sT%s:%s:%s', year, month, day, hour, minute, second ) else error('internal error in Module:Effective protection expiry; malformed expiry timestamp') end end end setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) return t._main(k, frame.args[1]) end end }) return p i1wms02y1w048cq6uttka18a5pjzp63 828 10900 83965 2022-05-19T04:59:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Created page with "-- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Banner data consists of six fields: -- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection -- banners. -- * explanation - the text that appear..." Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Banner data consists of six fields: -- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection -- banners. -- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used -- to explain the details of the protection. -- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small -- padlock icon. -- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to. -- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip -- text for the large protection banners. -- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock -- icons. -- -- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field. -- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason -- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners -- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the -- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection -- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables. -- -- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified -- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name -- enclosed in curly braces). -- -- Available parameters: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the -- display message "current-version-edit-display" or -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. "Please discuss any changes -- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make -- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection -- action and protection level. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry -- is set. E.g. "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently -- disabled until dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation -- so that it can be used in run-on sentences. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. "article" or "template". -- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g. -- "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the -- template. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. "fully protected" or -- "semi-protected". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log, -- depending on the protection action. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links -- straight to that talk page section. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to -- create a blurb like "This template is semi-protected", or "This article is -- move-protected until DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name) -- using Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Functions -- -- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings -- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not -- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the -- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string. -- -- For example: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful: -- protectionObj.action - the protection action -- protectionObj.level - the protection level -- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason -- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string "indef" if set -- to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if -- unspecified. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware -- of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an -- infinite loop. -- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is -- protected. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is -- temporary. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection -- template is incorrect. --]] -- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or -- defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection -- levels. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { default = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes', tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users', image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons. -- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are -- valid inputs to the first positional parameter. -- -- There is also a non-standard "description" field that can be used for items -- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the -- module documentation. -- -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|biographies of living persons]] policy', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|Wikipedia's&nbsp;policy on&nbsp;the&nbsp;biographies" .. ' of&nbsp;living&nbsp;people]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on' .. ' biographies of living persons', }, dmca = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content' .. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under' .. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content' .. ' in question.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing' .. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}." .. "'''Do not remove this template from the article until the" .. " restrictions are withdrawn'''." return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, dispute = { description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Find the value of "disputes". local display = 'disputes' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes', }, ecp = { description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or' .. ' meets the criteria for community use', tooltip = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is extended-confirmed protected', alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]', text = 'This file is currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from' .. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed' .. ' on the [[Main Page]].', explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high' .. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page," .. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,' .. ' as appropriate.</span>', }, office = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this" .. " page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do" .. " so.'''", image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, reset = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and' .. ' "reset" to a bare-bones version', text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was' else ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been' end ret = ret .. ' reduced to a' .. ' simplified, "bare bones" version so that it may be completely' .. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].' .. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which' .. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly' .. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while' .. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n' .. 'Any insertion of material directly from' .. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as' .. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly' .. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the' .. " same date.\n\n" .. "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override" .. " this action, and do not remove protection from this page," .. " unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation" .. " to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''" return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', }, sock = { description = 'For pages protected due to' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]' .. ' from editing it.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from' .. ' editing it', }, template = { description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]' .. ' templates and Lua modules', text = 'This is a permanently [[Help:Protection|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},' .. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].', explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if' .. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' to prevent vandalism', alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a' .. ' particular user', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,' .. ' such as abusing the' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to' .. ' make a change or leave a message, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|request an edit]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],' .. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to' .. ' disputes over the page title', explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |page-move vandalism]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and -- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|' .. 'protected]] from editing', autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access' .. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered' .. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Help:Protection|disabled]]', extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under extended confirmed protection', }, move = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Help:Protection|protected]]' .. ' from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]' }, autoreview = { default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]' }, upload = { default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action, -- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is -- a talk page it will have a talk key of "talk"; otherwise it will have a talk -- key of "subject". The table is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key -- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key -- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key -- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors' .. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.' .. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]' .. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat' .. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.' .. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].' }, default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an' .. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.' } }, autoreview = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users' .. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by' .. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be' .. ' reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file' .. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can' .. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you' .. ' can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]' .. ' that the file be unprotected.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection levels -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which -- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by -- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following -- order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'protected', templateeditor = 'template-protected', extendedconfirmed = 'extended-protected', autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected', }, move = { default = 'move-protected' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'upload-protected' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and -- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the -- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using -- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level images = { edit = { default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg' }, move = { default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg', }, autoreview = { default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg' } }, -- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special "indef" -- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Image links -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets -- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action -- and protection level. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move' }, autoreview = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock indicator names -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the "name" attribute for the <indicator> extension tag -- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page -- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with -- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins. -- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a -- protection action name or the string "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table. -- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings: -- -- 1. the expiry date -- 2. the namespace -- 3. the protection reason (e.g. "dispute" or "vandalism") -- 4. the protection level (e.g. "sysop" or "autoconfirmed") -- 5. the action (e.g. "edit" or "move") -- -- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to -- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a -- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key -- "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". If no match is found, the module -- changes the first part of the key to "all" and checks the table again. It -- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the -- field, or until it reaches the key "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search. -- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the "0" values -- represent "all", and the "1" values represent the original data (e.g. -- "indef" or "file" or "vandalism"). -- -- expiry namespace reason level action -- order -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 1 1 -- 4 0 0 1 1 1 -- 5 1 1 0 1 1 -- 6 0 1 0 1 1 -- 7 1 0 0 1 1 -- 8 0 0 0 1 1 -- 9 1 1 1 0 1 -- 10 0 1 1 0 1 -- 11 1 0 1 0 1 -- 12 0 0 1 0 1 -- 13 1 1 0 0 1 -- 14 0 1 0 0 1 -- 15 1 0 0 0 1 -- 16 0 0 0 0 1 -- 17 1 1 1 1 0 -- 18 0 1 1 1 0 -- 19 1 0 1 1 0 -- 20 0 0 1 1 0 -- 21 1 1 0 1 0 -- 22 0 1 0 1 0 -- 23 1 0 0 1 0 -- 24 0 0 0 1 0 -- 25 1 1 1 0 0 -- 26 0 1 1 0 0 -- 27 1 0 1 0 0 -- 28 0 0 1 0 0 -- 29 1 1 0 0 0 -- 30 0 1 0 0 0 -- 31 1 0 0 0 0 -- 32 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last -- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most. -- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are -- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped -- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table. --]] -- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table, -- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories -- table. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each -- namespace number. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected main page files', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected files', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully-protected modules', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules', ['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry category config -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection -- action. -- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if -- an expiry parameter is not set. -- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page. -- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if: -- 1) an expiry parameter is not set, and -- 2) a reason is provided, and -- 3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck -- table. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Pagetypes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter. -- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string "default" for the default value. pagetypes = { [0] = 'article', [6] = 'file', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'category', [828] = 'module', default = 'page' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Strings marking indefinite protection -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page -- is protected indefinitely. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Group hierarchy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original -- group's page editing permissions. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wrapper templates and their default arguments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their -- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the -- following invocation, and no other template content: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- If other content is desired, it can be added between -- <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags. -- -- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the -- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the -- arguments. wrappers = { ['Template:Pp'] = {}, ['Template:Pp-extended'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Pp-blp'] = {'blp'}, -- we don't need Template:Pp-create ['Template:Pp-dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Pp-main-page'] = {'mainpage'}, ['Template:Pp-move'] = {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Pp-move-dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, -- we don't need Template:Pp-move-indef ['Template:Pp-move-vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Pp-office'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pp-office-dmca'] = {'dmca'}, ['Template:Pp-pc'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-pc1'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-reset'] = {'reset'}, ['Template:Pp-semi-indef'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Pp-sock'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Pp-template'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Pp-upload'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Pp-usertalk'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Pp-vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- MESSAGES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Intro blurb and intro fragment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the -- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use -- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tooltip blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter. -- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and -- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Special explanation blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages -- in the MediaWiki namespace. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection log display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link -- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log', ['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Current version display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the page history link -- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Talk page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced -- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Edit requests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced -- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry date format -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for -- the first parameter of the #time parser function. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y "at" H:i e', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These are images that are not defined by their protection action and protection level. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End messages -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } eeb6sgpzkp24z3uln44ko8rah6nhotf 828 10901 83966 2022-05-19T04:59:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protection banner/config/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]]. For documentation please see the module comments, and if you're not sure how something works you can ask on the [[Module talk:Protection banner|module talk page]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> 4soaa4twf9kvsi2t08ab9ggal5hevr2 10 10902 83967 2022-05-19T05:00:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Created page with "/* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .div-col { margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 30em; } .div-col-small { font-size: 90%; } .div-col-rules { column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; } /* Reset top margin for lists in div col */ .div-col dl, .div-col ol, .div-col ul { margin-top: 0; } /* Avoid elements breaking between columns See also Template:No col break */ .div-col li, .div-col dd { page-break-inside: avoid; /* Removed from CSS in favor of break-inside c. 2020 */ break-inside: av..." sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .div-col { margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 30em; } .div-col-small { font-size: 90%; } .div-col-rules { column-rule: 1px solid #aaa; } /* Reset top margin for lists in div col */ .div-col dl, .div-col ol, .div-col ul { margin-top: 0; } /* Avoid elements breaking between columns See also Template:No col break */ .div-col li, .div-col dd { page-break-inside: avoid; /* Removed from CSS in favor of break-inside c. 2020 */ break-inside: avoid-column; } n7twp689l8hrwuefq6a9a414zrxegfw 10 10903 83968 2022-05-19T05:01:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Div col end wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Div col/doc}} </noinclude> e0rj08wj8gm7na2mxp8t9b3l4y8kspb 10 10904 83969 2022-05-19T05:02:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:In lang wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:In lang|in_lang|template=in lang<noinclude>|{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}</noinclude>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> szbgb2lf6rekweszdnzzmouvi00fwpl 10 10905 83970 2022-05-19T05:02:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:In lang/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:In lang}} '''Template:In lang''' is used to denote that a text source is written in a specific language. For citations using a citation template ({{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, etc.), that template's {{Para|language}} parameter should be used instead. To note a span of text in a different language, {{tlx|lang}} or one of the {{tld|[[:Category:Lang-x templates|lang-x]]}} templates ({{tlx|lang-fr}}, {{tlx|lang-ast}}, etc.) should be used instead. ==Usage== This template accepts one or more positional language-code parameters (&lt;{{var|code}}>) and two named parameters: * Code: {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|&lt;{{var|code}}>|&lt;{{var|code2}}>|{{var|...}}|link{{=}}|cap{{=}}}} * Produces: {{tld|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|de}} → {{In lang|de}} ===Parameters=== * <code>&lt;{{var|code}}></code> – required; <code>&lt;{{var|code}}></code> is a valid [[ISO-639]] language code or a valid [[IETF language tag]]; more than one language code supported: ** <code><nowiki>{{In lang|cs|en|de|fr|es|ca-valencia|pl|ru|ja|zh}}</nowiki></code> → ::: {{In lang|cs|en|de|fr|es|ca-valencia|pl|ru|ja|zh}} * <code>link</code> – accepts the single value <code>yes</code>; creates link to language article ** {{tlc|In lang|nv|link{{=}}yes}} → {{code |lang=moin|{{In lang|nv|link=yes}}}} → {{In lang|nv|link=yes}} * <code>cap</code> – accepts the single value <code>yes</code>; capitalizes the first letter of "In": ** {{tlc|In lang|pt-BR|cap{{=}}yes}} → {{In lang|pt-BR|cap=yes}} ===Error messages=== This template has one error message of its own: :<span style="font-size:100%; font-style:normal;" class="error">error: <nowiki>{{In lang}}</nowiki> missing language tag</span> – displayed when the template is transcluded without an ISO 639 language code or IETF language tag. All other error messages related to the use of this template are emitted by [[Module:Lang]] and are documented at {{cl|Lang and lang-xx template errors}}. ===Categories=== Transclusions in mainspace articles will add the article to the appropriate subcategory of {{cl|Articles with non-English-language sources}}. There are two forms of these subcategories: :Category:Articles with &lt;{{var|language name}}>-language sources (&lt;{{var|code}}>) – for individual languages<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/scope#Individual%20languages |title=ISO 639-3: Scope of denotation for language identifiers: Individual languages |website=SIL International |access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> and for macrolanguages<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/scope#Macrolanguages |title=ISO 639-3: Scope of denotation for language identifiers: Macrolanguages |website=SIL International |access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> :Category:Articles with &lt;{{var|collective name}}> languages-collective sources (&lt;{{var|code}}>) – for language collectives<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/scope#Collections%20of%20languages |title=ISO 639-3: Scope of denotation for language identifiers: Collections of languages |website=SIL International |access-date=5 December 2019}}</ref> where &lt;{{var|language name}}> and &lt;{{var|collective name}}> is the name used in the template's rendering and &lt;{{var|code}}> is the ISO 639 code or IETF language tag. ==References== {{Reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates]] [[Category:Language tag handling templates]] }}</includeonly> nj1ebfe7xwqeklguyxuv7ytz3xy7atv 828 10906 83971 2022-05-19T05:02:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:In lang Scribunto text/plain require ('Module:No globals'); --[[--------------------------< _ I N _ L A N G >-------------------------------------------------------------- implements {{in lang}} Module entry point from another module |link=yes - creates wikilinked language names |template=<template name> - customizes error messages created by Module:lang |list-cats=yes - documentation tool returns language-category names of cats populated by this template <span class="languageicon">(in <language>)</span> ]] local function _in_lang (args) local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code local list_cats = 'yes' == args['list-cats']; -- make a boolean local list = {}; local cats = {}; local maint_msgs = {}; if not args[1] then local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">error: ', template, 'missing language tag</span>'}); end local module = 'Module:Lang' .. (mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():match ('/sandbox') or ''); -- if this module is the sandbox, local name_from_tag = require (module)._name_from_tag; -- use Module:Lang/sandbox; Module:Lang else local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization local this_wiki_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code; -- get this wiki's language code for i, lang in ipairs (args) do local code = args[i]:lower(); local t = {code, ['link'] = args['link'], ['template'] = args['template']}; -- build an 'args' table lang = name_from_tag (t) -- get the language name table.insert (list, lang) -- add this language or error message to the list if not ({['ca-valencia'] = true, ['gsw-fr'] = true, ['pt-br'] = true})[code] then -- except for these exact IETF tags; TODO: a better way/place to do this? code = code:match ('^%a%a%a?%f[^%a]'); -- strip off region, script, and variant tags so that they aren't used to make category names end if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym if (0 == namespace) and not list_cats then -- when listing cats don't include this cat; TODO: right choice? table.insert (cats, table.concat ({'[[Category:Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code ..']]'})); end table.insert (maint_msgs, ' <span class="lang-comment" style="font-style:normal; display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">') table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]})); table.insert (maint_msgs, '</span>;'); code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym end if (0 == namespace) or list_cats then -- when in article space if lang:find ('[Ee]rror') then -- add error category (message provided by Module:Lang) if not list_cats then -- don't include this cat when listing cats; TODO: right choice? table.insert (cats, '[[Category:in lang template errors]]'); end elseif this_wiki_lang ~= code then -- categorize article only when code is not this wiki's language code if lang:match ('%[%[.-|.-%]%]') then -- wikilinked individual language name lang = lang:match ('%[%[.-|(.-)%]%]'); elseif lang:match ('%[%[.-%]%]') then -- wikilinked collective languages name lang = lang:match ('%[%[(.-)%]%]'); end -- neither of these then plain-text language name if lang:find ('languages') then -- add appropriate language-name category table.insert (cats, table.concat ({'[[Category:Articles with ', lang, '-collective sources (', code, ')]]'})); else table.insert (cats, table.concat ({'[[Category:Articles with ', lang, '-language sources (', code, ')]]'})); end end end end if list_cats then local cats = table.concat (cats, ', '):gsub ('[%[%]]', ''); -- make a string of categories and then strip wikilink markup return cats end local result = {'<span class="languageicon">('}; -- opening span and ( table.insert (result, 'yes' == args['cap'] and 'In ' or 'in '); -- add capitalized or uncapitalized 'in' table.insert (result, mw.text.listToText (list, ', ', (2 < #list) and ', and ' or ' and ' )); -- and concatenate the language list table.insert (result, ')</span>'); -- add closing ) and closing span table.insert (result, table.concat (maint_msgs) or ''); -- add maint messages, if any table.insert (result, table.concat (cats)); -- add categories return table.concat (result); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< I N _ L A N G >---------------------------------------------------------------- implements {{in lang}} Module entry point from an {{#invoke:lang/utilities/sanbox|in_lang|<code>|<code2>|<code3>|<code...>|link=yes|template=in lang|list-cats=yes}} ]] local function in_lang (frame) local args = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame); return _in_lang (args); end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { in_lang = in_lang, -- module entry from {{#invoke:}} _in_lang = _in_lang, -- module entry from another module } a6fuxq2ab54nahsafebn37ekx1bqu6z 828 10907 83972 2022-05-19T05:03:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:In lang/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:No globals|Module:Lang|Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms}} This module implements {{tlx|In lang}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 3w7v9y4eejr83xpq2q0ixz6rmfx6trc 828 10908 83973 2022-05-19T05:03:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang Scribunto text/plain --[=[ Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{lang-xx}}, and {{transl}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates. ]=] require('Module:No globals'); local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs; local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data"); -- for is_latin() and is_rtl() local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno'); local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang; local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep; local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script; local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region; local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant; local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed; local override_table = lang_data.override; local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization local content_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); local this_wiki_lang_tag = content_lang.code; -- get this wiki's language tag local this_wiki_lang_dir = content_lang:getDir(); -- get this wiki's language direction local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic() local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N V E R T _ I T A L I C S >------------------------------------------------- This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become bold markup inadvertently. Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal, replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements. In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns. This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result. ]] local function invert_italics (source) local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns [""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup ["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string ["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic ["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold }; local seg = {}; source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '&#39;'); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text' seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup elseif '' ~= seg[1] then seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup elseif '' ~= seg[3] then seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup else seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup end seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values. When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or, for the special case 'default', return nil. When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message. When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message. The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-xx}} depending on the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transl}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} only). Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are: nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic' no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal' unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit' invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert' ]] local function validate_italic (args) local properties = {['yes'] = 'italic', ['no'] = 'normal', ['unset'] = 'inherit', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = nil}; local count = 0 for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do if args[arg] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 1 then -- return nil and an error message if more than one is set return nil, 'only one of |italic=, |italics=, or |i= can be specified'; end return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil; -- return an appropriate value and a nil error message end --[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >---------------------------------------------------------- Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace. This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters to control categorization. Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template. Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply. Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings: 'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else for |cat= 'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else ]=] local function validate_cat_args (args) if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize return; end if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template) else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used. args.nocat = nil; end end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack ]] local function in_array ( needle, haystack ) if needle == nil then return false; end for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------ prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats: code: lower case script: sentence case region: upper case variant: lower case private: lower case prefixed with -x- ]] local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant, private) local out = {}; if is_set (private) then return table.concat ({code:lower(), 'x', private:lower()}, '-'); -- if private, all other tags ignored end table.insert (out, code:lower()); if is_set (script) then script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper); table.insert (out, script); end if is_set (region) then table.insert (out, region:upper()); end if is_set (variant) then table.insert (out, variant:lower()); end return table.concat (out, '-'); end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >-------------------------------------------------- extracts and returns IETF language tag parts: primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code script subtag - four character IANA script code region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code; only one variant subtag supported private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag in any one of these forms lang lang-variant lang-script lang-script-variant lang-region lang-region-variant lang-script-region lang-script-region-variant lang-x-private each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute. For {{lang-xx}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}} because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=) returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil. see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1 ]] local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant) local code, script, region, variant, private; -- ietf tag parts if not is_set (source) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'missing language tag'; end local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptibe ietf tag patterns and short names of the ietf part captured by the pattern {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-Ssss {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll {'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'}, -- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters) } local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured ietf tag parts and named variables for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i]) if c1 then -- c1 always set on match code = c1; -- first capture is always code t = { [pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures [pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures [pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table }; script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables; region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named ietf parts to empty string for concatenation variant= t.v or ''; private = t.p or ''; break; -- and done end end if not code then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language tag: ', source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed end code = code:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code]) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language code: ', code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?) end if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]})); code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym end if is_set (script) then if is_set (args_script) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant script tag'; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed end else script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided end if is_set (script) then script = script:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not script_table[script] then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized script: ', script, ' for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?) end end if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'script: ', script, ' not supported for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code end end if is_set (region) then if is_set (args_region) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant region tag'; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed end else region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided end if is_set (region) then region = region:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not region_table[region] then return code, script, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized region: ', region, ' for code: ', code}); end end if is_set (variant) then if is_set (args_variant) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant variant tag'; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed end else variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided end if is_set (variant) then variant = variant:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant}); end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()? if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix' if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-script pair: ', code, '-', script}); end elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred) if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound) return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-region pair: ', code, '-', region}); end end else -- cheap way to determine if there are prefixes; fonipa and others don't have prefixes; # operator always returns 0 if variant_table[variant]['prefixes'][1] and not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code: ', code}); end end end if is_set (private) then private = private:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not override_table[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized private tag: ', private}); end end return code, script, region, variant, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------- assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category. ]] local function make_error_msg (msg, args, template) local out = {}; local category; if 'Transl' == template then category = 'Transl'; else category = 'Lang and lang-xx' end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[', args.text or 'undefined', '] '})); -- for error messages output args.text if available table.insert (out, table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: {{', template, '}}: '})); table.insert (out, msg); table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ([[:Category:', category, ' template errors|help]])'})); table.insert (out, '</span>'); if (0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args.nocat then -- categorize in article space (and template space to take care of broken usages) table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[[Category:', category, ' template errors]]'})); end return table.concat (out); end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if is_set (link) then if is_set (display) then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end else return ''; end end --[[--------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >-------------------------------------------------- adds <i> and </i> tags to list-item text or to implied <p>..</p> text. mixed not supported ]] local function div_markup_add (text, style) local implied_p = {}; if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text if 'italic' == style then return text:gsub ('(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1<i>%2</i>'); -- insert italic markup at each list item else return text; end end if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics mediawiki if 'italic' == style then text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '<p><i>%1</i></p>'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each impled p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences) else text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '<p>%1</p>'); -- insert p markup at each impled p text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< T I T L E _ W R A P P E R _ M A K E >------------------------------------------ makes a <span title="<title text>"><content_text></span> or <div title="<title text>"><content_text></div> where <title text> is in the tool-tip in the wiki's local language and <content_text> is non-local-language text in html markup. This because the lang= attibute applies to the content of its enclosing tag. <tag> holds a string 'div' or 'span' used to choose the correct wrapping tag ]] local function title_wrapper_make (title_text, content_text, tag) local wrapper_t = {}; table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open opening wrapper tag table.insert (wrapper_t, ' title=\"'); -- begin title attribute table.insert (wrapper_t, title_text); -- add <title_text> table.insert (wrapper_t, '\">'); -- end title attribute and close opening wrapper tag table.insert (wrapper_t, content_text); -- add <content_text> table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- add closing wrapper tag return table.concat (wrapper_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >-------------------------------------------------- Add the html markup to text according to the type of content that it is: <span> or <i> tags for inline content or <div> tags for block content The lang= attribute also applies to the content of the tag where it is placed so this is wrong because 'Spanish language text' is English: <i lang="es" title="Spanish language text">casa</i> should be: <span title="Spanish language text"><i lang="es">casa</i></span> or for <div>...</div>: <div title="Spanish language text"><div lang="es"><spanish-language-text></div></div> ]] local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language) local html_t = {}; local style_added = ''; local wrapper_tag = tag; -- <tag> gets modified so save a copy for use when/if we create a wrapper span or div if text:match ('^%*') then table.insert (html_t, '&#42;'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text end if 'span' == tag then -- default html tag for inline content if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic tag = 'i'; -- change to <i> tags end else -- must be div so go text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied <p>, implied <p> with <i>, and list markup (*;:#) with <i> end table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open the <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag code = code:gsub ('%-x%-.*', ''); -- strip private use subtag from code tag because meaningless outside of wikipedia table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'})); -- add language attribute if (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('ltr' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is right-to-left on a left-to-right wiki table.insert (html_t, ' dir="rtl"'); -- add direction attribute for right-to-left languages elseif not (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('rtl' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is left-to-right on a right-to-left wiki table.insert (html_t, ' dir="ltr"'); -- add direction attribute for left-to-right languages end if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no table.insert (html_t, ' style=\"font-style: normal;'); -- override external markup, if any style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something> if is_set (style_added) then table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- add when style attribute already inserted else table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- create style attribute style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end end table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({style_added, '>'})); -- close the opening html tag table.insert (html_t, text); -- insert the text table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- close the 'text' <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag if is_set (language) then -- create a <title_text> string for the title= attribute in a wrapper span or div local title_text; if 'zxx' == code then -- special case for this tag 'no linguistic content' title_text = table.concat ({language, ' text'}); -- not a language so don't use 'language' in title text elseif mw.ustring.find (language, 'languages', 1, true) then title_text = table.concat ({language, ' collective text'}); -- for collective languages else title_text = table.concat ({language, '-language text'}); -- for individual languages end return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (html_t), wrapper_tag); else return table.concat (html_t); end end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >---------------------------------------------------- For individual language, <language>, returns: [[Category:Articles containing <language>-language text]] for English: [[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]] for ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh): [[Category:Articles with text in <language> languages]] ]=] local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get) local cat = {}; local retval; if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation end if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then return table.concat ({'[[Category:Articles with text in ', language_name, ']]'}); end table.insert (cat, '[[Category:Articles containing '); if this_wiki_lang_tag == code then table.insert (cat, 'explicitly cited ' .. language_name); -- unique category name for the local language else table.insert (cat, language_name); end table.insert (cat, '-language text]]'); return table.concat (cat); end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >---------------------------------------------------- return translit <i lang=xx-Latn>...</i> where xx is the language code; else return empty string The value |script= is not used in {{transl}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts are listed in the {{transl}} switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced at {{Language with name and transliteration}}. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code. To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript) This function is used by both lang_xx() and transl() lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style transl() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style For {{transl}}, style only applies when a language code is provided ]] local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style) local title; local out_t = {}; local title_t = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local title_text = ''; -- tool tip text for title= attribute std = std and std:lower(); -- lower case for table indexing if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified title_text = language_name; -- write a generic tool tip if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) title_text = title_text .. '-language'; -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) end title_text = title_text .. ' romanization'; -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified if title_t[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate if title_t[std][tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate if script_table[tscript] then title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({title_t[std][tscript:lower()], ' (', script_table[tscript], ' script) transliteration'}); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip else title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else return ''; -- invalid standard, setup for error message end elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code if not title_t[std] then return ''; end -- invalid standard, setup for error message if title_t[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code) title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({title_t[std][code:lower()], ' (', language_name, ' language) transliteration'}); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip else -- code doesn't match title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- so use the standard's default end else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set if title_t['no_std'][tscript] then title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][tscript]; -- use translit-script if set elseif title_t['no_std'][code] then title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][code]; -- use language code else if is_set (tscript) then title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({language_name, '-script transliteration'}); -- write a script tool tip elseif is_set (code) then if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) title_text = title_text .. '-language'; -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) end title_text = title_text .. ' transliteration'; -- finish the tool tip else title_text = title_text .. ' transliteration'; -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?) end end end local close_tag; if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-xx}} templates, not always with {{transl}}) if not style then -- nil for the default italic style table.insert (out_t, "<i lang=\""); -- so use <i> tag close_tag = '</i>'; -- tag to be used when closing else table.insert (out_t, table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-style: ', style, '\" lang=\"'})); -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it close_tag = '</span>'; -- tag to be used when closing end table.insert (out_t, code); table.insert (out_t, "-Latn\">"); -- transliterations are always Latin script else table.insert (out_t, "<span>"); -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transl}} only) close_tag = '</span>'; end table.insert (out_t, translit); -- add the translit text table.insert (out_t, close_tag); -- and add the appropriate </i> or </span> if '' == title_text then -- when there is no need for a tool-tip return table.concat (out_t); -- make a string and done else return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (out_t), 'span'); -- wrap with a tool-tip span and don end end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >---------------------------------------------------- This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup. Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text either as ''itself'' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert. ]] local function validate_text (template, args) if not is_set (args.text) then return make_error_msg ('no text', args, template); end if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes return make_error_msg ('text has malformed markup', args, template); end local style = args.italic; if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic return make_error_msg ('text has italic markup', args, template); end end end --[[--------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------ render mainenance messages and categories ]] local function render_maint(nocat) local maint = {}; if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'<span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">'})); -- opening <span> tag for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings end table.insert (maint, '</span>'); -- close the span end if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:', cat, ']]'})); -- format and add the categories end end return table.concat (maint); end --[[--------------------------< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >------------------------------------------------------ for proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html() so that a splat will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we do nothing proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and / or inhibits regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac ]] local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param) if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats end return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know the content that will replace the stripmarker. ]] local function has_poem_tag (text) return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false; end --[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------ Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate html tag for text. If text contains: \n\n text has implied <p>..</p> tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return If text begins with list markup: \n* unordered \n; definition \n: definition \n# ordered trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags. ]] local function html_tag_select (text) local tag; if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that) tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ''):gsub ('%s*$', ''); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n' tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki) else text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine end return text, tag; end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R O T O >-------------------------------------------------- validates value assigned to |proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false, empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns as nil with a second return value of true indicating that some other value has been assigned to |proto= ]] local function validate_proto (proto_param) if 'yes' == proto_param then return true; elseif 'no' == proto_param then return false; elseif is_set (proto_param) then return nil, true; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no' else return nil; -- missing or empty end end --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag returns language name if found in data tables; nil else ]] local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat) ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case local name; -- remains nil if not found if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table name = override_table[ietf]; elseif override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language tag name = override_table[code]; elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to iana active tag/name table name = lang_table[code]; elseif lang_dep_table[code] then -- try the iana deprecated tag/name table name = lang_dep_table[code]; end if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|', code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' is deprecated'})); end return name; -- name from data tables or nil end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G >-------------------------------------------------------------------- entry point for {{lang}} there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame) ]] local function _lang (args) local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make category names local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local code; -- the language code local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or 'Lang'; validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed if args[1] and args.code then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |code=', args, template); else args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code end if args[2] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |text=', args, template); else args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text end msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid |proto=: ', args.proto}), args, template); end code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}}) if msg then return make_error_msg ( msg, args, template); end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if nil == args.italic then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn (this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and unicode.is_Latin (args.text)) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics) args.italic = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic else args.italic = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant if 'invert' == args.italic and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name)); table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G >---------------------------------------------------------------------- entry point for {{lang}} there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}} <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly> parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame) ]] local function lang (frame) local args = getArgs (frame, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text valueFunc = function (key, value) if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); return _lang (args); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X >---------------------------------------------------------------- For the {{lang-xx}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For {{lang-xx}} templates for languages that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well. For each {{lang-xx}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default styling that should be applied to text. For normal, upright style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}</includeonly> For italic style: <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}</includeonly> All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame) Supported parameters are: |code = (required) the IANA language code |script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems |region = IANA region code |variant = IANA variant code |text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code |link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article |rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language |nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected |cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat= |italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state |lit = text that is a literal translation of text |label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.') any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled for those {{lang-xx}} templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script): |translit = text that is a transliteration of text |translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration |translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code For {{lang-xx}}, the positional parameters are: {{{1}}} text {{{2}}} transliterated text {{{3}}} literal translation text no other positional parameters are allowed ]] local function _lang_xx (args) local out = {}; local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant local code; -- the language code local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code local translit; local translit_title; local msg; -- for error messages local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html() local template = args.template or 'Lang-xx'; if args[1] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |text=', args, template); else args.text = args[1] or args.text; -- prefer args.text end msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding if is_set (msg) then return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly if args[2] and args.translit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |translit=', args, template); else args.translit = args[2] or args.translit -- prefer args.translit end if args[3] and (args.translation or args.lit) then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{3}}} and |lit= or |translation=', args, template); elseif args.translation and args.lit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |lit= and |translation=', args, template); else args.translation = args[3] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer args.translation end if args.links and args.link then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |links= and |link=', args, template); else args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link end validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end if nil == args.italic then -- args.italic controls if is_set (subtags.script) then if 'latn' == subtags.script then args.italic = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic else args.italic = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end else args.italic = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state> end end if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script end end args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag if msg then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid |proto=: ', args.proto}), args, template); end args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any) language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them if args.label then if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label end else if 'no' == args.link then table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink else if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name)); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data else table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name)); -- language name with wikilink end end table.insert (out, ': '); -- separator end if 'invert' == args.italic then args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, ('none' == args.label) and language_name or nil)) if is_set (args.translit) and not unicode.is_Latin (args.text) then -- transliteration (not supported in {{lang}}); not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test) table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, '<small>'); if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script']]; else translit_script_name = language_name; -- fall back on language name end translit_title = mw.title.makeTitle (0, table.concat ({'Romanization of ', translit_script_name})); -- make a title object if translit_title.exists and ('no' ~= args.link) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Romanization of ' .. translit_script_name or language_name, 'romanized') .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to else table.insert (out, 'romanized:'); -- else plain text end table.insert (out, '&nbsp;</small>'); -- close the small tag end translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script']) if is_set (translit) then table.insert (out, translit); else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid translit-std: \'', args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, template); end end if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in {{lang}}) table.insert (out, ', '); if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, '<small>'); if 'no' == args.link then table.insert (out, '<abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr>'); else table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Literal translation', 'lit.')); end table.insert (out, "&thinsp;</small>"); end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&#39;', args.translation, '&#39;'})); -- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion end table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- common function to get args table from {{lang-??}} templates returns table of args ]] local function lang_xx_args_get (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}} valueFunc = function (key, value) if 1 == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space return value; -- return untrimmed 'text' elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace return value; end end return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace end -- end of valueFunc }); return args; end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >-------------------------------------------------- Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_italic(). Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function lang_xx_italic (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame); initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------ Entry point ffrom another module. Sets the initial style state to italic. ]] local function _lang_xx_italic (args) initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------ Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit(). Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function lang_xx_inherit (frame) local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame); initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >---------------------------------------------- Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit. ]] local function _lang_xx_inherit (args) initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (args); end --[[--------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------ Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is require()d into another local c, s, r, v, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message c, s, r, v, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else end --[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function is_ietf_tag (frame) return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame)[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G _ F R A M E >-------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}; same as is_ietf_tag() except does not get parameters from the parent (template) frame. This function not useful when called by {{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag_frame|<tag>}} because <tag> is in the parent frame. ]] local function is_ietf_tag_frame (frame) return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true,})[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; do not get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------------- Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else. All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _name_from_tag (args) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = 'yes' == args['link']; -- make a boolean local label = args.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local language_name = ''; code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then language_name = make_wikilink (language_name, label); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data else language_name = make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink end end return language_name; end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function name_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|<ietf tag>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} return _name_from_tag (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Returns the ietf language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator, that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables). Module entry point from another module ]] local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module local msg; if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live local lang = args[1]:lower(); -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct) local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard if tag then return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name() else msg = 'language: ' .. args[1] .. ' not found' -- language name not found, error message end else msg = 'missing language name' -- language name not provided, error message end local template = ''; if args.template and '' ~= args.template then template = table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template) end return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end --[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >---------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function tag_from_name (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|tag_from_name|<language name>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}} local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by is_lang_name() return result; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ L A N G _ N A M E >------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function is_lang_name (frame) local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by tag_from_name() return result and true or nil; end --[[--------------------------< _ T R A N S L >---------------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point from another module ]] local function _transl (args) local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip local translit; -- transliterated text to display local script; -- IANA script local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when {{transl|code|standard|text}} args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower(); -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing if not title_table[args.translit_std] then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized transliteration standard: ', args.translit_std}), args, 'Transl'); end else if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when {{transl|code|text}} args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text else if args[1] and args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a code or is it the transliterated text? return make_error_msg ('no text', args, 'Transl'); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text else args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl'); end end end if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[1] has correct form? args.code = args[1]:lower(); -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters); lower case because table indexes are lower case else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args[1]}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code end else return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl'); -- missing language / script code so quit end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'Transl'); end if 'italic' == args.italic then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default args.italic = nil; -- set to nil; end if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table? language_name = override_table[args.code]; elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables? language_name = lang_table[args.code]; elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables? language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code]; elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code? language_name = script_table[args.code]; script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args.code}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code end -- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic); end --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L >------------------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function transl (frame) return _transl (getArgs(frame)); end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function. Module entry point from another module ]] local function _category_from_tag (args_t) local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = args_t[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = 'yes' == args_t.link; -- make a boolean local label = args_t.label; local code; -- the language code local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local category_name = ''; code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (args_t.template and table.concat ({'{{', args_t.template, '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'}); end raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', ''); if link then return table.concat ({'[[:', category_name, ']]'}); else return category_name; end end --[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >-------------------------------------------- Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}} ]] local function category_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|category_from_tag|<ietf tag>|template=<template name>}} return _category_from_tag (getArgs (frame)); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { category_from_tag = category_from_tag, lang = lang, -- entry point for {{lang}} lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for {{lang-??}} lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic, is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag, is_ietf_tag_frame = is_ietf_tag_frame, is_lang_name = is_lang_name, tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns ietf tag associated with language name name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates transl = transl, -- entry point for {{transl}} _category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- entry points when this module is require()d into other modules _lang = _lang, _lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit, _lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic, _is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag, get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts, _tag_from_name = _tag_from_name, _name_from_tag = _name_from_tag, _transl = _transl, }; mgev3ftqak0bv4awxcdz8bst4qxm16t 828 10909 83974 2022-05-19T05:04:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Language templates}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments|Module:No globals|Module:Lang/data|Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms|Module:Lang/tag from name|Module:Unicode data|Module:Yesno}} This module exists primarily to provide correct html markup for non–English language text where that text is used in the English Wikipedia. It has a secondary purpose of providing correct visual rendering for this non-English text. The module was developed to consolidate processing for {{tlx|Lang}}, the {{cl|Lang-x templates|{{tld|lang-??}}}} (most), and {{tlx|Transl}} templates into a single source and to use a clearly defined data set extracted from international standards. It provides error checking and reporting to ensure that the html rendered is correct for browsers and screen readers. Other templates that get language name support from this module are: * {{tlx|Native name}} ==Data set== The data set is specified in [[Module:Lang/data]] and its included data modules: * language tag-and-name data ** [[Module:Language/data/iana languages]] – from IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file] * language script data ** [[Module:Language/data/iana scripts]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * language region data ** [[Module:Language/data/iana regions]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * language variant data ** [[Module:Language/data/iana variants]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file * suppressed-script data ** [[Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts]] – from IANA language-subtag-registry file The data set also includes supplementary data modules: * override and other non-standard data ** [[Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms]] – maps three character ISO 639-2, -2T, -3 codes to two character ISO 639-1 codes – from [https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages] ** [[Module:Lang/tag from name]] – reversed language tag-and-name data so that the language name is the key and the language tag is the value == Testcases == * [[Module:Lang/testcases]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases|run]]) * category_from_tag() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 category from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 category from tag]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 category from tag]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 category from tag]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 category from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override category from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override category from tag|run]]) * name_from_tag() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 name from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 name from tag]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 name from tag]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 name from tag]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 name from tag|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override name from tag]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override name from tag|run]]) * tag_from_name() ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 tag from name]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-1 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 tag from name]] (A–H) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-1 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 tag from name]] (I–N) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-2 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 tag from name]] (O–Z) ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639-3-3 tag from name|run]]) ** [[Module:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override tag from name]] ([[Module talk:Lang/testcases/ISO 639 deprecated and override tag from name|run]]) ==Tracking categories== * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx template errors}} * {{Category link with count|Transl template errors}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes}} ==See also== MoS on foreign words: * {{Section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly> r4nqe7qj8fhnfeenj7kv7kkmkunivju 828 10910 83975 2022-05-19T05:04:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang/data Scribunto text/plain local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); local this_wiki_lang_tag = lang_obj.code; -- get this wiki's language tag --[[--------------------------< L A N G _ N A M E _ T A B L E >------------------------------------------------ primary table of tables that decode: lang -> language tags and names script -> ISO 15924 script tags region -> ISO 3166 region tags variant -> iana registered variant tags suppressed -> map of scripts tags and their associated language tags all of these data come from separate modules that are derived from the IANA language-subtag-registry file key_to_lower() avoids the metatable trap and sets all keys in the subtables to lowercase. Many language codes have multiple associated names; Module:lang is only concerned with the first name so key_to_lower() only fetches the first name. ]] local function key_to_lower (module, src_type) local out = {}; local source = (('var_sup' == src_type) and require (module)) or mw.loadData (module); -- fetch data from this module; require() avoids metatable trap for variant data if 'var_sup' == src_type then for k, v in pairs (source) do out[k:lower()] = v; -- for variant and suppressed everything is needed end elseif 'lang' == src_type and source.active then -- for ~/iana_languages (active) for k, v in pairs (source.active) do out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end elseif 'lang_dep' == src_type and source.deprecated then -- for ~/iana_languages (deprecated) for k, v in pairs (source.deprecated) do out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end else -- here for all other sources for k, v in pairs (source) do out[k:lower()] = v[1]; -- ignore multiple names; take first name only end end return out; end local lang_name_table_t = { lang = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana languages', 'lang'), lang_dep = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana languages', 'lang_dep'), script = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana scripts'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower region = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana regions'), -- region keys are uppercase; set to lower variant = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana variants', 'var_sup'), suppressed = key_to_lower ('Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts', 'var_sup'), -- script keys are capitalized; set to lower } --[[--------------------------< I 1 8 N M E D I A W I K I O V E R R I D E >-------------------------------- For internationalization; not used at en.wiki The language names taken from the IANA language-subtag-registry file are given in English. That may not be ideal. Translating ~8,000 language names is also not ideal. MediaWiki maintains (much) shorter lists of language names in most languages for which there is a Wikipedia edition. When desired, Module:Lang can use the MediaWiki language list for the local language. Caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be complete or may not exist at all. When incomplete, MediaWiki's list will 'fall back' to another language (typically English). When that happens add an appropriate entry to the override table below. Caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be correct. At en.wiki, the MediaWiki language names do not agree with the IANA language names for these ISO 639-1 tags. Often it is simply spelling differences: bh: IANA: Bihari languages MW: Bhojpuri – the ISO 639-3 tag for Bhojpuri is bho bn: IANA: Bengali MW: Bangla – Bengali is the exonym, Bangla is the endonym dv: IANA: Dhivehi MW: Divehi el: IANA: Modern Greek MW: Greek ht: IANA: Haitian MW: Haitian Creole ky: IANA: Kirghiz MW: Kyrgyz li: IANA: Limburgan MW: Limburgish or: IANA: Oriya MW: Odia os: IANA: Ossetian MW: Ossetic "pa: IANA: Panjabi MW: Punjabi "ps: IANA: Pushto MW: Pashto "to: IANA: Tonga MW: Tongan "ug: IANA: Uighur MW: Uyghur use the override table to override language names that are incorrect for your project To see the list of names that MediaWiki has for your language, enter this in the Debug colsole: =mw.dumpObject (mw.language.fetchLanguageNames ('<tag>', 'all')) (replacing <tag> with the language tag for your language) Use of the MediaWiki language names lists is enabled when media_wiki_override_enable is set to boolean true. ]] local media_wiki_override_enable = false; -- set to true to override IANA names with MediaWiki names; always false at en.wiki -- caveat lector: the list of MediaWiki language names for your language may not be complete or may not exist at all if true == media_wiki_override_enable then local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_lang_tag, 'all'); -- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to MediaWiki for tag, name in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do -- loop through each tag/name pair in the MediaWiki list if lang_name_table_t.lang[tag] then -- if the tag is in the main list lang_name_table_t.lang[tag] = name; -- overwrite exisiting name with the name from MediaWiki end end end --[[--------------------------< O V E R R I D E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Language codes and names in this table override the BCP47 names in lang_name_table. indexes in this table shall always be lower case ]] local override = { ------------------------------< I S O _ 6 3 9 - 1 >------------------------------------------------------------ ["ca-valencia"] = "Valencian", ["cu"] = "Church Slavonic", -- 2nd IANA name; ["de-at"] = "Austrian German", -- these code-region and code-variant tags to match en.wiki article names ["de-ch"] = "Swiss Standard German", ["en-au"] = "Australian English", ["en-ca"] = "Canadian English", ["en-emodeng"] = "Early Modern English", ["en-gb"] = "British English", ["en-ie"] = "Irish English", ["en-in"] = "Indian English", ["en-nz"] = "New Zealand English", ["en-us"] = "American English", ["en-za"] = "South African English", ["fy"] = "West Frisian", -- Western Frisian ["mo"] = "Moldovan", -- Moldavian (deprecated code); to match en.wiki article title ["nl-be"] = "Flemish", -- match MediaWiki ["oc-provenc"] = "Provençal", ["ps"] = "Pashto", -- Pushto ["pt-br"] = "Brazilian Portuguese", -- match MediaWiki ["tw-asante"] = "Asante Twi", -- these ISO 639-1 language-name overrides imported from Module:Language/data/wp_languages --<begin do-not-edit except to comment out>-- ["av"] = "Avar", -- Avaric ["bo"] = "Standard Tibetan", -- Tibetan ["el"] = "Greek", -- Modern Greek -- ["en-SA"] = "South African English", -- English; no; SA is not South Africa it Saudi Arabia; ZA is South Africa ["ff"] = "Fula", -- Fulah ["ht"] = "Haitian Creole", -- Haitian ["hz"] = "Otjiherero", -- Herero ["ii"] = "Yi", -- Sichuan Yi ["ki"] = "Gikuyu", -- Kikuyu ["kl"] = "Greenlandic", -- Kalaallisut ["ky"] = "Kyrgyz", -- Kirghiz ["lg"] = "Luganda", -- Ganda ["li"] = "Limburgish", -- Limburgan ["mi"] = "Māori", -- Maori ["na"] = "Nauruan", -- Nauru ["nb"] = "Bokmål", -- Norwegian Bokmål ["nd"] = "Northern Ndebele", -- North Ndebele ["nn"] = "Nynorsk", -- Norwegian Nynorsk ["nr"] = "Southern Ndebele", -- South Ndebele ["ny"] = "Chichewa", -- Nyanja ["oj"] = "Ojibwe", -- Ojibwa ["or"] = "Odia", -- Oriya ["pa"] = "Punjabi", -- Panjabi ["rn"] = "Kirundi", -- Rundi ["sl"] = "Slovene", -- Slovenian ["ss"] = "Swazi", -- Swati ["st"] = "Sotho", -- Southern Sotho ["to"] = "Tongan", -- Tonga --<end do-not-edit except to comment out>-- ------------------------------< I S O _ 6 3 9 - 2, - 3, - 5 >---------------------------------------------- ["alv"] = "Atlantic–Congo languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["arc"] = "Aramaic", -- Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE), Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE); ["art"] = "constructed", -- to match en.wiki article; lowercase for category name ["bhd"] = "Bhadarwahi", -- Bhadrawahi; to match en.wiki article title ["bla"] = "Blackfoot", -- Siksika; to match en.wiki article title ["bua"] = "Buryat", -- Buriat; this is a macro language; these four use wp preferred transliteration; ["bxm"] = "Mongolian Buryat", -- Mongolia Buriat; these three all redirect to Buryat ["bxr"] = "Russian Buryat", -- Russia Buriat; ["bxu"] = "Chinese Buryat", -- China Buriat; ["byr"] = "Yipma", -- Baruya, Yipma ["egy"] = "Ancient Egyptian", -- Egyptian (Ancient); distinguish from contemporary arz: Egyptian Arabic ["ems"] = "Alutiiq", -- Pacific Gulf Yupik; to match en.wiki article title ["esx"] = "Eskimo–Aleut languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["frr"] = "North Frisian", -- Northern Frisian ["frs"] = "East Frisian Low Saxon", -- Eastern Frisian ["gsw-fr"] = "Alsatian", -- match MediaWiki ["haa"] = "Hän", -- Han; to match en.wiki article title ["hmx"] = "Hmong–Mien languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["ilo"] = "Ilocano", -- Iloko; to match en.wiki article title ["jam"] = "Jamaican Patois", -- Jamaican Creole English ["luo"] = "Dholuo", -- IANA (primary) /ISO 639-3: Luo (Kenya and Tanzania); IANA (secondary): Dholuo ["mhr"] = "Meadow Mari", -- Eastern Mari ["mid"] = "Modern Mandaic", -- Mandaic ['mis'] = "uncoded", -- Uncoded languages; capitalization; special scope, not collective scope; ["mkh"] = "Mon–Khmer languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["mla"] = "Tamambo", -- Malo ['mte'] = "Mono-Alu", -- Mono (Solomon Islands) ['mul'] = "multiple", -- Multiple languages; capitalization; special scope, not collective scope; ["nan-tw"] = "Taiwanese Hokkien", -- make room for IANA / 639-3 nan Min Nan Chinese; match en.wiki article title ["new"] = "Newar", -- Newari, Nepal Bhasa; to match en,wiki article title ["ngf"] = "Trans–New Guinea languages", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["nic"] = "Niger–Congo languages", -- Niger-Kordofanian languages; to match en,wiki article title ["nrf"] = "Norman", -- not quite a collective - IANA name: Jèrriais + Guernésiais; categorizes to Norman-language text ["nrf-gg"] = "Guernésiais", -- match MediaWiki ["nrf-je"] = "Jèrriais", -- match MediaWiki ["nzi"] = "Nzema", -- Nzima; to match en.wiki article title ["oma"] = "Omaha–Ponca", -- to match en.wiki article title (endash) ["orv"] = "Old East Slavic", -- Old Russian ["pfl"] = "Palatine German", -- Pfaelzisch; to match en.wiki article ["pie"] = "Piro Pueblo", -- Piro; to match en.wiki article ["pms"] = "Piedmontese", -- Piemontese; to match en.wiki article title ["pnb"] = "Punjabi (Western)", -- Western Panjabi; dab added to override import from ~/wp languages and distinguish pnb from pa in reverse look up tag_from_name() ["rop"] = "Australian Kriol", -- Kriol; en.wiki article is a dab; point to correct en.wiki article ["sdo"] = "Bukar–Sadong", -- Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh; to match en.wiki article title ["stq"] = "Saterland Frisian", -- Saterfriesisch ["und"] = "undetermined", -- capitalization to match existing category ["wrg"] = "Warrongo", -- Warungu ["xal-ru"] = "Kalmyk", -- to match en.wiki article title ["xgf"] = "Tongva", -- ISO 639-3 is Gabrielino-Fernandeño ["yuf"] = "Havasupai–Hualapai", -- Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai; to match en.wiki article title ["zxx"] = "no linguistic content", -- capitalization -- these ISO 639-2, -3 language-name overrides imported from Module:Language/data/wp_languages --<begin do-not-edit except to comment out>-- ["ace"] = "Acehnese", -- Achinese ["aec"] = "Sa'idi Arabic", -- Saidi Arabic ["akl"] = "Aklan", -- Aklanon ["alt"] = "Altay", -- Southern Altai ["apm"] = "Mescalero-Chiricahua", -- Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache ["bal"] = "Balochi", -- Baluchi -- ["bcl"] = "Central Bicolano", -- Central Bikol ["bin"] = "Edo", -- Bini ["bpy"] = "Bishnupriya Manipuri", -- Bishnupriya ["chg"] = "Chagatay", -- Chagatai ["ckb"] = "Sorani Kurdish", -- Central Kurdish ["cnu"] = "Shenwa", -- Chenoua ["coc"] = "Cocopah", -- Cocopa ["diq"] = "Zazaki", -- Dimli ["fit"] = "Meänkieli", -- Tornedalen Finnish ["fkv"] = "Kven", -- Kven Finnish ["frk"] = "Old Frankish", -- Frankish ["gez"] = "Ge'ez", -- Geez ["gju"] = "Gujari", -- Gujari ["gsw"] = "Alemannic German", -- Swiss German ["gul"] = "Gullah", -- Sea Island Creole English ["hak"] = "Hakka", -- Hakka Chinese ["hbo"] = "Biblical Hebrew", -- Ancient Hebrew ["hnd"] = "Hindko", -- Southern Hindko -- ["ikt"] = "Inuvialuk", -- Inuinnaqtun ["kaa"] = "Karakalpak", -- Kara-Kalpak ["khb"] = "Tai Lü", -- Lü ["kmr"] = "Kurmanji Kurdish", -- Northern Kurdish ["kpo"] = "Kposo", -- Ikposo ["krj"] = "Kinaray-a", -- Kinaray-A ["ktz"] = "Juǀ'hoan", -- Juǀʼhoan ["lez"] = "Lezgian", -- Lezghian ["liv"] = "Livonian", -- Liv ["lng"] = "Lombardic", -- Langobardic ["mia"] = "Miami-Illinois", -- Miami ["miq"] = "Miskito", -- Mískito ["mix"] = "Mixtec", -- Mixtepec Mixtec ["mni"] = "Meitei", -- Manipuri ["mrj"] = "Hill Mari", -- Western Mari ["mww"] = "White Hmong", -- Hmong Daw ["nds-nl"] = "Dutch Low Saxon", -- Low German -- ["new"] = "Nepal Bhasa", -- Newari ["nso"] = "Northern Sotho", -- Pedi -- ["nwc"] = "Classical Nepal Bhasa", -- Classical Newari, Classical Nepal Bhasa, Old Newari ["ood"] = "O'odham", -- Tohono O'odham ["otk"] = "Old Turkic", -- Old Turkish ["pal"] = "Middle Persian", -- Pahlavi ["pam"] = "Kapampangan", -- Pampanga ["phr"] = "Potwari", -- Pahari-Potwari ["pka"] = "Jain Prakrit", -- Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit -- ["pnb"] = "Punjabi", -- Western Panjabi ["psu"] = "Shauraseni", -- Sauraseni Prākrit ["rap"] = "Rapa Nui", -- Rapanui ["rar"] = "Cook Islands Māori", -- Rarotongan ["rmu"] = "Scandoromani", -- Tavringer Romani ["rom"] = "Romani", -- Romany ["rup"] = "Aromanian", -- Macedo-Romanian ["ryu"] = "Okinawan", -- Central Okinawan ["sdc"] = "Sassarese", -- Sassarese Sardinian ["sdn"] = "Gallurese", -- Gallurese Sardinian ["shp"] = "Shipibo", -- Shipibo-Conibo ["src"] = "Logudorese", -- Logudorese Sardinian ["sro"] = "Campidanese", -- Campidanese Sardinian ["tkl"] = "Tokelauan", -- Tokelau ["tvl"] = "Tuvaluan", -- Tuvalu ["tyv"] = "Tuvan", -- Tuvinian ["vls"] = "West Flemish", -- Vlaams ["wep"] = "Westphalian", -- Westphalien ["xal"] = "Oirat", -- Kalmyk ["xcl"] = "Old Armenian", -- Classical Armenian ["yua"] = "Yucatec Maya", -- Yucateco --<end do-not-edit except to comment out>-- ------------------------------< P R I V A T E _ U S E _ T A G S >---------------------------------------------- ["alg-x-proto"] = "Proto-Algonquian", -- alg in IANA is Algonquian languages ["cel-x-proto"] = "Proto-Celtic", -- cel in IANA is Celtic languages ["gem-x-proto"] = "Proto-Germanic", -- gem in IANA is Germanic languages ["gmw-x-ecg"] = "East Central German", ["grc-x-aeolic"] = "Aeolic Greek", -- these grc-x-... codes are preferred alternates to the non-standard catchall code grc-gre ["grc-x-attic"] = "Attic Greek", ["grc-x-biblical"] = "Biblical Greek", ["grc-x-byzant"] = "Byzantine Greek", ["grc-x-classic"] = "Classical Greek", ["grc-x-doric"] = "Doric Greek", ["grc-x-hellen"] = "Hellenistic Greek", ["grc-x-ionic"] = "Ionic Greek", ["grc-x-koine"] = "Koinē Greek", ["grc-x-medieval"] = "Medieval Greek", ["grc-x-patris"] = "Patristic Greek", ["grk-x-proto"] = "Proto-Greek", -- grk in IANA is Greek languages ["iir-x-proto"] = "Proto-Indo-Iranian", -- iir in IANA is Indo-Iranian Languages ["ine-x-proto"] = "Proto-Indo-European", ["ira-x-proto"] = "Proto-Iranian", -- ira in IANA is Iranian languages ["itc-x-proto"] = "Proto-Italic", -- itc in IANA is Italic languages ["ksh-x-colog"] = "Colognian", -- en.wiki article is Colognian; ksh (Kölsch) redirects there ["la-x-medieval"] = "Medieval Latin", ["mis-x-ripuar"] = "Ripuarian", -- replaces improper use of ksh in wp_languages ["sem-x-proto"] = "Proto-Semitic", ["sla-x-proto"] = "Proto-Slavic", -- sla in IANA is Slavic languages ["yuf-x-hav"] = "Havasupai", -- IANA name for these three is Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai ["yuf-x-wal"] = "Walapai", ["yuf-x-yav"] = "Yavapai", } --[[--------------------------< A R T I C L E _ L I N K >------------------------------------------------------ for those rare occasions when article titles don't fit with the normal '<language name>-language', this table maps language code to article title. Use of this table should be avoided and the use of redirects preferred as that is the long-standing method of handling article names that don't fit with the normal pattern ]] local article_name = { ["lij"] = "Ligurian (Romance language)", -- Ligurian; see Template_talk:Lang#Ligurian_dab ['mnh'] = "Mono language (Congo)", -- Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo); see Template_talk:Lang#Mono_languages ['mnr'] = "Mono language (California)", -- Mono (USA) ['mru'] = "Mono language (Cameroon)", -- Mono (Cameroon) ["xlg"] = "Ligurian (ancient language)", -- see Template_talk:Lang#Ligurian_dab } --[=[-------------------------< R T L _ S C R I P T S >-------------------------------------------------------- ISO 15924 scripts that are written right-to-left. Data in this table taken from [[ISO 15924#List of codes]] last update to this list: 2017-12-24 ]=] local rtl_scripts = { 'adlm', 'arab', 'aran', 'armi', 'avst', 'cprt', 'egyd', 'egyh', 'hatr', 'hebr', 'hung', 'inds', 'khar', 'lydi', 'mand', 'mani', 'mend', 'merc', 'mero', 'narb', 'nbat', 'nkoo', 'orkh', 'palm', 'phli', 'phlp', 'phlv', 'phnx', 'prti', 'rohg', 'samr', 'sarb', 'sogd', 'sogo', 'syrc', 'syre', 'syrj', 'syrn', 'thaa', 'wole', }; --[[--------------------------< T R A N S L I T _ T I T L E S >------------------------------------------------ This is a table of tables of transliteration standards and the language codes or language scripts that apply to those standards. This table is used to create the tool-tip text associated with the transliterated text displayed by some of the {{lang-??}} templates. These tables are more-or-less copied directly from {{transl}}. The standard 'NO_STD' is a construct to allow for the cases when no |std= parameter value is provided. ]] local translit_title_table = { ['ahl'] = { ['default'] = 'Academy of the Hebrew Language transliteration', }, ['ala'] = { ['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration', }, ['ala-lc'] = { ['default'] = 'American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration', }, ['batr'] = { ['default'] = 'Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules', }, ['bgn/pcgn'] = { ['default'] = 'Board on Geographic Names / Permanent Committee on Geographical Names transliteration', }, ['din'] = { ['ar'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['fa'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ku'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ps'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['tg'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ug'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['ur'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['arab'] = 'DIN 31635 Arabic', ['default'] = 'DIN transliteration', }, ['eae'] = { ['default'] = 'Encyclopaedia Aethiopica transliteration', }, ['hepburn'] = { ['default'] = 'Hepburn transliteration', }, ['hunterian'] = { ['default'] = 'Hunterian transliteration', }, ['iast'] = { ['default'] = 'International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration', }, ['iso'] = { -- when a transliteration standard is supplied ['ab'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ba'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['be'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['bg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['kk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ky'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['mn'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ru'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['tg'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['uk'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['bua'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['sah'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['tut'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['xal'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['cyrl'] = 'ISO 9 Cyrillic', ['ar'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ku'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ps'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ug'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['ur'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['arab'] = 'ISO 233 Arabic', ['he'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['yi'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['hebr'] = 'ISO 259 Hebrew', ['el'] = 'ISO 843 Greek', ['grc'] = 'ISO 843 Greek', ['ja'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['hira'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['hrkt'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['jpan'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['kana'] = 'ISO 3602 Japanese', ['zh'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['chi'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['pny'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['zho'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', -- ['han'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', -- unicode alias of Hani? doesn't belong here? should be Hani? ['hans'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['hant'] = 'ISO 7098 Chinese', ['ka'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian', ['kat'] = 'ISO 9984 Georgian', ['arm'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian', ['hy'] = 'ISO 9985 Armenian', ['th'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai', ['tha'] = 'ISO 11940 Thai', ['ko'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean', ['kor'] = 'ISO 11941 Korean', ['awa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bho'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['bra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['doi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['dra'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gon'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['hi'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['inc'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['kn'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['kok'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ks'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mag'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mai'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ne'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['new'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['or'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['pa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['raj'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sa'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sat'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sd'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['si'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['ta'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['tcy'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['te'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['beng'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['brah'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['deva'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['gujr'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['guru'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['knda'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['mlym'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['orya'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['sinh'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['taml'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['telu'] = 'ISO 15919 Indic', ['default'] = 'ISO transliteration', }, ['jyutping'] = { ['default'] = 'Jyutping transliteration', }, ['mlcts'] = { ['default'] = 'Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System', }, ['mr'] = { ['default'] = 'McCune–Reischauer transliteration', }, ['nihon-shiki'] = { ['default'] = 'Nihon-shiki transliteration', }, ['no_std'] = { -- when no transliteration standard is supplied ['akk'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['sem'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['phnx'] = 'Semitic transliteration', ['xsux'] = 'Cuneiform transliteration', }, ['pinyin'] = { ['default'] = 'Pinyin transliteration', }, ['rr'] = { ['default'] = 'Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration', }, ['rtgs'] = { ['default'] = 'Royal Thai General System of Transcription', }, ['satts'] = { ['default'] = 'Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System transliteration', }, ['scientific'] = { ['default'] = 'scientific transliteration', }, ['ukrainian'] = { ['default'] = 'Ukrainian National system of romanization', }, ['ungegn'] = { ['default'] = 'United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names transliteration', }, ['wadegile'] = { ['default'] = 'Wade–Giles transliteration', }, ['wehr'] = { ['default'] = 'Hans Wehr transliteration', }, }; return { this_wiki_lang_tag = this_wiki_lang_tag, this_wiki_lang_dir = lang_obj:getDir(), -- wiki's language direction article_name = article_name, lang_name_table = lang_name_table_t, override = override, rtl_scripts = rtl_scripts, special_tags_table = special_tags_table, translit_title_table = translit_title_table, }; gcytnpe6x2x7bs1mj7bzccelzc10um7 828 10911 83976 2022-05-19T05:04:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang/data/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Language/data/iana languages|Module:Language/data/iana scripts|Module:Language/data/iana regions|Module:Language/data/iana variants|Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts}} This module holds various support tables used by [[Module:Lang]] * <code>lang_name_table</code> – this table provides language name data used in the creation of categories and, for the {{tld|lang-??}} templates, the language name annotation * <code>override</code> – this table overrides data in <code>lang_name_table</code>; commonly used when an en.wiki article title differs from the name for the standard's language * <code>rtl_scripts</code> – a list of ISO 15924 scripts that are written right-to-left; data taken from the table at [[ISO 15924#List of codes]] * <code>translit_title_table</code> – a table of tables that is used in the creation of the <code>title=</code> attribute of the {{tag|i}} tags that wrap transliterated text; data adapted from {{tlx|transl}} * <code>article_name</code> – this table overrides <code>lang_name_table</code> and <code>override</code> for (typically) disambiguated en.wiki article names <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> ib1nn1jo0lq0qijxxilorys64wmvbb3 828 10912 83977 2022-05-19T05:05:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana languages Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2022-03-02 local active = { ["aa"] = {"Afar"}, ["ab"] = {"Abkhazian"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Afrikaans"}, ["ak"] = {"Akan"}, ["am"] = {"Amharic"}, ["an"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["ar"] = {"Arabic"}, ["as"] = {"Assamese"}, ["av"] = {"Avaric"}, ["ay"] = {"Aymara"}, ["az"] = {"Azerbaijani"}, ["ba"] = {"Bashkir"}, ["be"] = {"Belarusian"}, ["bg"] = {"Bulgarian"}, ["bh"] = {"Bihari languages"}, ["bi"] = {"Bislama"}, ["bm"] = {"Bambara"}, ["bn"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"}, ["bo"] = {"Tibetan"}, ["br"] = {"Breton"}, ["bs"] = {"Bosnian"}, ["ca"] = {"Catalan", "Valencian"}, ["ce"] = {"Chechen"}, ["ch"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Corsican"}, ["cr"] = {"Cree"}, ["cs"] = {"Czech"}, ["cu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic", "Old Slavonic"}, ["cv"] = {"Chuvash"}, ["cy"] = {"Welsh"}, ["da"] = {"Danish"}, ["de"] = {"German"}, ["dv"] = {"Dhivehi", "Divehi", "Maldivian"}, ["dz"] = {"Dzongkha"}, ["ee"] = {"Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Modern Greek (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"English"}, ["eo"] = {"Esperanto"}, ["es"] = {"Spanish", "Castilian"}, ["et"] = {"Estonian"}, ["eu"] = {"Basque"}, ["fa"] = {"Persian"}, ["ff"] = {"Fulah"}, ["fi"] = {"Finnish"}, ["fj"] = {"Fijian"}, ["fo"] = {"Faroese"}, ["fr"] = {"French"}, ["fy"] = {"Western Frisian"}, ["ga"] = {"Irish"}, ["gd"] = {"Scottish Gaelic", "Gaelic"}, ["gl"] = {"Galician"}, ["gn"] = {"Guarani"}, ["gu"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["gv"] = {"Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Hausa"}, ["he"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["hi"] = {"Hindi"}, ["ho"] = {"Hiri Motu"}, ["hr"] = {"Croatian"}, ["ht"] = {"Haitian", "Haitian Creole"}, ["hu"] = {"Hungarian"}, ["hy"] = {"Armenian"}, ["hz"] = {"Herero"}, ["ia"] = {"Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"}, ["id"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"}, ["ig"] = {"Igbo"}, ["ii"] = {"Sichuan Yi", "Nuosu"}, ["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Icelandic"}, ["it"] = {"Italian"}, ["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Japanese"}, ["jv"] = {"Javanese"}, ["ka"] = {"Georgian"}, ["kg"] = {"Kongo"}, ["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Kuanyama", "Kwanyama"}, ["kk"] = {"Kazakh"}, ["kl"] = {"Kalaallisut", "Greenlandic"}, ["km"] = {"Khmer", "Central Khmer"}, ["kn"] = {"Kannada"}, ["ko"] = {"Korean"}, ["kr"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Kashmiri"}, ["ku"] = {"Kurdish"}, ["kv"] = {"Komi"}, ["kw"] = {"Cornish"}, ["ky"] = {"Kirghiz", "Kyrgyz"}, ["la"] = {"Latin"}, ["lb"] = {"Luxembourgish", "Letzeburgesch"}, ["lg"] = {"Ganda", "Luganda"}, ["li"] = {"Limburgan", "Limburger", "Limburgish"}, ["ln"] = {"Lingala"}, ["lo"] = {"Lao"}, ["lt"] = {"Lithuanian"}, ["lu"] = {"Luba-Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Latvian"}, ["mg"] = {"Malagasy"}, ["mh"] = {"Marshallese"}, ["mi"] = {"Maori"}, ["mk"] = {"Macedonian"}, ["ml"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Mongolian"}, ["mr"] = {"Marathi"}, ["ms"] = {"Malay (macrolanguage)"}, ["mt"] = {"Maltese"}, ["my"] = {"Burmese"}, ["na"] = {"Nauru"}, ["nb"] = {"Norwegian Bokmål"}, ["nd"] = {"North Ndebele"}, ["ne"] = {"Nepali (macrolanguage)"}, ["ng"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Dutch", "Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Norwegian Nynorsk"}, ["no"] = {"Norwegian"}, ["nr"] = {"South Ndebele"}, ["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Nyanja", "Chewa", "Chichewa"}, ["oc"] = {"Occitan (post 1500)"}, ["oj"] = {"Ojibwa"}, ["om"] = {"Oromo"}, ["or"] = {"Oriya (macrolanguage)", "Odia (macrolanguage)"}, ["os"] = {"Ossetian", "Ossetic"}, ["pa"] = {"Panjabi", "Punjabi"}, ["pi"] = {"Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Polish"}, ["ps"] = {"Pushto", "Pashto"}, ["pt"] = {"Portuguese"}, ["qu"] = {"Quechua"}, ["rm"] = {"Romansh"}, ["rn"] = {"Rundi"}, ["ro"] = {"Romanian", "Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["ru"] = {"Russian"}, ["rw"] = {"Kinyarwanda"}, ["sa"] = {"Sanskrit"}, ["sc"] = {"Sardinian"}, ["sd"] = {"Sindhi"}, ["se"] = {"Northern Sami"}, ["sg"] = {"Sango"}, ["sh"] = {"Serbo-Croatian"}, ["si"] = {"Sinhala", "Sinhalese"}, ["sk"] = {"Slovak"}, ["sl"] = {"Slovenian"}, ["sm"] = {"Samoan"}, ["sn"] = {"Shona"}, ["so"] = {"Somali"}, ["sq"] = {"Albanian"}, ["sr"] = {"Serbian"}, ["ss"] = {"Swati"}, ["st"] = {"Southern Sotho"}, ["su"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["sv"] = {"Swedish"}, ["sw"] = {"Swahili (macrolanguage)"}, ["ta"] = {"Tamil"}, ["te"] = {"Telugu"}, ["tg"] = {"Tajik"}, ["th"] = {"Thai"}, ["ti"] = {"Tigrinya"}, ["tk"] = {"Turkmen"}, ["tl"] = {"Tagalog"}, ["tn"] = {"Tswana"}, ["to"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"}, ["tr"] = {"Turkish"}, ["ts"] = {"Tsonga"}, ["tt"] = {"Tatar"}, ["tw"] = {"Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Tahitian"}, ["ug"] = {"Uighur", "Uyghur"}, ["uk"] = {"Ukrainian"}, ["ur"] = {"Urdu"}, ["uz"] = {"Uzbek"}, ["ve"] = {"Venda"}, ["vi"] = {"Vietnamese"}, ["vo"] = {"Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Walloon"}, ["wo"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Xhosa"}, ["yi"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["yo"] = {"Yoruba"}, ["za"] = {"Zhuang", "Chuang"}, ["zh"] = {"Chinese"}, ["zu"] = {"Zulu"}, ["aaa"] = {"Ghotuo"}, ["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Ari"}, ["aad"] = {"Amal"}, ["aae"] = {"Arbëreshë Albanian"}, ["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Ankave"}, ["aal"] = {"Afade"}, ["aan"] = {"Anambé"}, ["aao"] = {"Algerian Saharan Arabic"}, ["aap"] = {"Pará Arára"}, ["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aas"] = {"Aasáx"}, ["aat"] = {"Arvanitika Albanian"}, ["aau"] = {"Abau"}, ["aav"] = {"Austro-Asiatic languages"}, ["aaw"] = {"Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"}, ["aba"] = {"Abé"}, ["abb"] = {"Bankon"}, ["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"}, ["abd"] = {"Manide"}, ["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"}, ["abg"] = {"Abaga"}, ["abh"] = {"Tajiki Arabic"}, ["abi"] = {"Abidji"}, ["abj"] = {"Aka-Bea"}, ["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"}, ["abm"] = {"Abanyom"}, ["abn"] = {"Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"}, ["abq"] = {"Abaza"}, ["abr"] = {"Abron"}, ["abs"] = {"Ambonese Malay"}, ["abt"] = {"Ambulas"}, ["abu"] = {"Abure"}, ["abv"] = {"Baharna Arabic"}, ["abw"] = {"Pal"}, ["abx"] = {"Inabaknon"}, ["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Abui"}, ["aca"] = {"Achagua"}, ["acb"] = {"Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Gikyode"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["acf"] = {"Saint Lucian Creole French"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["aci"] = {"Aka-Cari"}, ["ack"] = {"Aka-Kora"}, ["acl"] = {"Akar-Bale"}, ["acm"] = {"Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["acn"] = {"Achang"}, ["acp"] = {"Eastern Acipa"}, ["acq"] = {"Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic"}, ["acr"] = {"Achi"}, ["acs"] = {"Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"}, ["acu"] = {"Achuar-Shiwiar"}, ["acv"] = {"Achumawi"}, ["acw"] = {"Hijazi Arabic"}, ["acx"] = {"Omani Arabic"}, ["acy"] = {"Cypriot Arabic"}, ["acz"] = {"Acheron"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["adb"] = {"Atauran"}, ["add"] = {"Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"}, ["ade"] = {"Adele"}, ["adf"] = {"Dhofari Arabic"}, ["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Adhola"}, ["adi"] = {"Adi"}, ["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Galo"}, ["adn"] = {"Adang"}, ["ado"] = {"Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Adangbe"}, ["adr"] = {"Adonara"}, ["ads"] = {"Adamorobe Sign Language"}, ["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Aduge"}, ["adw"] = {"Amundava"}, ["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"}, ["adz"] = {"Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Areba"}, ["aeb"] = {"Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aec"] = {"Saidi Arabic"}, ["aed"] = {"Argentine Sign Language"}, ["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Armenian Sign Language"}, ["aeq"] = {"Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aes"] = {"Alsea"}, ["aeu"] = {"Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Aeka"}, ["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"}, ["afb"] = {"Gulf Arabic"}, ["afd"] = {"Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Afghan Sign Language"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afi"] = {"Akrukay", "Chini"}, ["afk"] = {"Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Tapei"}, ["afs"] = {"Afro-Seminole Creole"}, ["aft"] = {"Afitti"}, ["afu"] = {"Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"}, ["aga"] = {"Aguano"}, ["agb"] = {"Legbo"}, ["agc"] = {"Agatu"}, ["agd"] = {"Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Angal"}, ["agf"] = {"Arguni"}, ["agg"] = {"Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Agariya"}, ["agj"] = {"Argobba"}, ["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Aghem"}, ["agr"] = {"Aguaruna"}, ["ags"] = {"Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agu"] = {"Aguacateco"}, ["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Kahua"}, ["agx"] = {"Aghul"}, ["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Qimant"}, ["ahh"] = {"Aghu"}, ["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Igo"}, ["ahm"] = {"Mobumrin Aizi"}, ["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"}, ["aho"] = {"Ahom"}, ["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Ashe"}, ["aht"] = {"Ahtena"}, ["aia"] = {"Arosi"}, ["aib"] = {"Ainu (China)"}, ["aic"] = {"Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"}, ["aii"] = {"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"}, ["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Aimol"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu (Japan)"}, ["aio"] = {"Aiton"}, ["aip"] = {"Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"}, ["air"] = {"Airoran"}, ["ait"] = {"Arikem"}, ["aiw"] = {"Aari"}, ["aix"] = {"Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Aja (South Sudan)"}, ["ajg"] = {"Aja (Benin)"}, ["aji"] = {"Ajië"}, ["ajn"] = {"Andajin"}, ["ajp"] = {"South Levantine Arabic"}, ["ajs"] = {"Algerian Jewish Sign Language"}, ["aju"] = {"Judeo-Moroccan Arabic"}, ["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"}, ["akc"] = {"Mpur"}, ["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["ake"] = {"Akawaio"}, ["akf"] = {"Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Aiome"}, ["akj"] = {"Aka-Jeru"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["akl"] = {"Aklanon"}, ["akm"] = {"Aka-Bo"}, ["ako"] = {"Akurio"}, ["akp"] = {"Siwu"}, ["akq"] = {"Ak"}, ["akr"] = {"Araki"}, ["aks"] = {"Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Akolet"}, ["aku"] = {"Akum"}, ["akv"] = {"Akhvakh"}, ["akw"] = {"Akwa"}, ["akx"] = {"Aka-Kede"}, ["aky"] = {"Aka-Kol"}, ["akz"] = {"Alabama"}, ["ala"] = {"Alago"}, ["alc"] = {"Qawasqar"}, ["ald"] = {"Alladian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alf"] = {"Alege"}, ["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"}, ["alh"] = {"Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Amblong"}, ["aln"] = {"Gheg Albanian"}, ["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alp"] = {"Alune"}, ["alq"] = {"Algonquin"}, ["alr"] = {"Alutor"}, ["als"] = {"Tosk Albanian"}, ["alt"] = {"Southern Altai"}, ["alu"] = {"'Are'are"}, ["alv"] = {"Atlantic-Congo languages"}, ["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Alur"}, ["ama"] = {"Amanayé"}, ["amb"] = {"Ambo"}, ["amc"] = {"Amahuaca"}, ["ame"] = {"Yanesha'"}, ["amf"] = {"Hamer-Banna"}, ["amg"] = {"Amurdak"}, ["ami"] = {"Amis"}, ["amj"] = {"Amdang"}, ["amk"] = {"Ambai"}, ["aml"] = {"War-Jaintia"}, ["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["amn"] = {"Amanab"}, ["amo"] = {"Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Alamblak"}, ["amq"] = {"Amahai"}, ["amr"] = {"Amarakaeri"}, ["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amt"] = {"Amto"}, ["amu"] = {"Guerrero Amuzgo"}, ["amv"] = {"Ambelau"}, ["amw"] = {"Western Neo-Aramaic"}, ["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Atampaya"}, ["ana"] = {"Andaqui"}, ["anb"] = {"Andoa"}, ["anc"] = {"Ngas"}, ["and"] = {"Ansus"}, ["ane"] = {"Xârâcùù"}, ["anf"] = {"Animere"}, ["ang"] = {"Old English (ca. 450-1100)"}, ["anh"] = {"Nend"}, ["ani"] = {"Andi"}, ["anj"] = {"Anor"}, ["ank"] = {"Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["anm"] = {"Anal"}, ["ann"] = {"Obolo"}, ["ano"] = {"Andoque"}, ["anp"] = {"Angika"}, ["anq"] = {"Jarawa (India)"}, ["anr"] = {"Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"}, ["any"] = {"Anyin"}, ["anz"] = {"Anem"}, ["aoa"] = {"Angolar"}, ["aob"] = {"Abom"}, ["aoc"] = {"Pemon"}, ["aod"] = {"Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Arhö"}, ["aol"] = {"Alor"}, ["aom"] = {"Ömie"}, ["aon"] = {"Bumbita Arapesh"}, ["aor"] = {"Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Taikat"}, ["aot"] = {"Atong (India)", "A'tong"}, ["aou"] = {"A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Atorada"}, ["aoz"] = {"Uab Meto"}, ["apa"] = {"Apache languages"}, ["apb"] = {"Sa'a"}, ["apc"] = {"North Levantine Arabic"}, ["apd"] = {"Sudanese Arabic"}, ["ape"] = {"Bukiyip"}, ["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Athpariya"}, ["api"] = {"Apiaká"}, ["apj"] = {"Jicarilla Apache"}, ["apk"] = {"Kiowa Apache"}, ["apl"] = {"Lipan Apache"}, ["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"}, ["apn"] = {"Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Apma"}, ["apq"] = {"A-Pucikwar"}, ["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"}, ["apt"] = {"Apatani"}, ["apu"] = {"Apurinã"}, ["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"}, ["apw"] = {"Western Apache"}, ["apx"] = {"Aputai"}, ["apy"] = {"Apalaí"}, ["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Alacalufan languages"}, ["aqc"] = {"Archi"}, ["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"}, ["aqk"] = {"Aninka"}, ["aql"] = {"Algic languages"}, ["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"}, ["aqp"] = {"Atakapa"}, ["aqr"] = {"Arhâ"}, ["aqt"] = {"Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"}, ["arb"] = {"Standard Arabic"}, ["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["ard"] = {"Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"}, ["arh"] = {"Arhuaco"}, ["ari"] = {"Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Arikapú"}, ["arl"] = {"Arabela"}, ["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["aro"] = {"Araona"}, ["arp"] = {"Arapaho"}, ["arq"] = {"Algerian Arabic"}, ["arr"] = {"Karo (Brazil)"}, ["ars"] = {"Najdi Arabic"}, ["art"] = {"Artificial languages"}, ["aru"] = {"Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"}, ["arv"] = {"Arbore"}, ["arw"] = {"Arawak"}, ["arx"] = {"Aruá (Rodonia State)"}, ["ary"] = {"Moroccan Arabic"}, ["arz"] = {"Egyptian Arabic"}, ["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["ase"] = {"American Sign Language"}, ["asf"] = {"Auslan", "Australian Sign Language"}, ["asg"] = {"Cishingini"}, ["ash"] = {"Abishira"}, ["asi"] = {"Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Sari"}, ["ask"] = {"Ashkun"}, ["asl"] = {"Asilulu"}, ["asn"] = {"Xingú Asuriní"}, ["aso"] = {"Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Algerian Sign Language"}, ["asq"] = {"Austrian Sign Language"}, ["asr"] = {"Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Ipulo"}, ["ast"] = {"Asturian", "Asturleonese", "Bable", "Leonese"}, ["asu"] = {"Tocantins Asurini"}, ["asv"] = {"Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Australian Aborigines Sign Language"}, ["asx"] = {"Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"As"}, ["ata"] = {"Pele-Ata"}, ["atb"] = {"Zaiwa"}, ["atc"] = {"Atsahuaca"}, ["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ath"] = {"Athapascan languages"}, ["ati"] = {"Attié"}, ["atj"] = {"Atikamekw"}, ["atk"] = {"Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Atong (Cameroon)"}, ["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["atr"] = {"Waimiri-Atroari"}, ["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"}, ["atw"] = {"Atsugewi"}, ["atx"] = {"Arutani"}, ["aty"] = {"Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Arta"}, ["aua"] = {"Asumboa"}, ["aub"] = {"Alugu"}, ["auc"] = {"Waorani"}, ["aud"] = {"Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Arauan languages"}, ["aug"] = {"Aguna"}, ["auh"] = {"Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Anuki"}, ["auj"] = {"Awjilah"}, ["auk"] = {"Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigeria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Molmo One"}, ["auo"] = {"Auyokawa"}, ["aup"] = {"Makayam"}, ["auq"] = {"Anus", "Korur"}, ["aur"] = {"Aruek"}, ["aus"] = {"Australian languages"}, ["aut"] = {"Austral"}, ["auu"] = {"Auye"}, ["auw"] = {"Awyi"}, ["aux"] = {"Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Uzbeki Arabic"}, ["avb"] = {"Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Avikam"}, ["avk"] = {"Kotava"}, ["avl"] = {"Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic"}, ["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Avatime"}, ["avo"] = {"Agavotaguerra"}, ["avs"] = {"Aushiri"}, ["avt"] = {"Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Avokaya"}, ["avv"] = {"Avá-Canoeiro"}, ["awa"] = {"Awadhi"}, ["awb"] = {"Awa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["awc"] = {"Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Arawakan languages"}, ["awe"] = {"Awetí"}, ["awg"] = {"Anguthimri"}, ["awh"] = {"Awbono"}, ["awi"] = {"Aekyom"}, ["awk"] = {"Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"South Awyu"}, ["awt"] = {"Araweté"}, ["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"}, ["aww"] = {"Awun"}, ["awx"] = {"Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"}, ["axg"] = {"Mato Grosso Arára"}, ["axk"] = {"Yaka (Central African Republic)"}, ["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axm"] = {"Middle Armenian"}, ["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Ayere"}, ["ayg"] = {"Ginyanga"}, ["ayh"] = {"Hadrami Arabic"}, ["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Akuku"}, ["ayl"] = {"Libyan Arabic"}, ["ayn"] = {"Sanaani Arabic"}, ["ayo"] = {"Ayoreo"}, ["ayp"] = {"North Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["ayr"] = {"Central Aymara"}, ["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayt"] = {"Magbukun Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Uto-Aztecan languages"}, ["azd"] = {"Eastern Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azg"] = {"San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"}, ["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azn"] = {"Western Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azo"] = {"Awing"}, ["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"}, ["azz"] = {"Highland Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["baa"] = {"Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Badui"}, ["bad"] = {"Banda languages"}, ["bae"] = {"Baré"}, ["baf"] = {"Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Tuki"}, ["bah"] = {"Bahamas Creole English"}, ["bai"] = {"Bamileke languages"}, ["baj"] = {"Barakai"}, ["bal"] = {"Baluchi"}, ["ban"] = {"Balinese"}, ["bao"] = {"Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Bantawa"}, ["bar"] = {"Bavarian"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa (Cameroon)"}, ["bat"] = {"Baltic languages"}, ["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigeria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Vengo"}, ["baw"] = {"Bambili-Bambui"}, ["bax"] = {"Bamun"}, ["bay"] = {"Batuley"}, ["bba"] = {"Baatonum"}, ["bbb"] = {"Barai"}, ["bbc"] = {"Batak Toba"}, ["bbd"] = {"Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Bangba"}, ["bbf"] = {"Baibai"}, ["bbg"] = {"Barama"}, ["bbh"] = {"Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Babanki"}, ["bbl"] = {"Bats"}, ["bbm"] = {"Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Mburku"}, ["bbu"] = {"Kulung (Nigeria)"}, ["bbv"] = {"Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Bubia"}, ["bby"] = {"Befang"}, ["bca"] = {"Central Bai"}, ["bcb"] = {"Bainouk-Samik"}, ["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Bariai"}, ["bci"] = {"Baoulé"}, ["bcj"] = {"Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Bunuba"}, ["bcl"] = {"Central Bikol"}, ["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigeria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Bench"}, ["bcr"] = {"Babine"}, ["bcs"] = {"Kohumono"}, ["bct"] = {"Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"}, ["bcv"] = {"Shoo-Minda-Nye"}, ["bcw"] = {"Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Baka (South Sudan)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Bai (South Sudan)", "Bai"}, ["bdk"] = {"Budukh"}, ["bdl"] = {"Indonesian Bajau"}, ["bdm"] = {"Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"}, ["bdz"] = {"Badeshi"}, ["bea"] = {"Beaver"}, ["beb"] = {"Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"}, ["bee"] = {"Byangsi"}, ["bef"] = {"Benabena"}, ["beg"] = {"Belait"}, ["beh"] = {"Biali"}, ["bei"] = {"Bekati'"}, ["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bek"] = {"Bebeli"}, ["bem"] = {"Bemba (Zambia)"}, ["beo"] = {"Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Beembe"}, ["ber"] = {"Berber languages"}, ["bes"] = {"Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Betawi"}, ["bex"] = {"Jur Modo"}, ["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfd"] = {"Bafut"}, ["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Blafe"}, ["bfi"] = {"British Sign Language"}, ["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Ban Khor Sign Language"}, ["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfm"] = {"Mmen"}, ["bfn"] = {"Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"}, ["bfp"] = {"Beba"}, ["bfq"] = {"Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"}, ["bft"] = {"Balti"}, ["bfu"] = {"Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"}, ["bgc"] = {"Haryanvi"}, ["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"}, ["bgg"] = {"Bugun"}, ["bgi"] = {"Giangan"}, ["bgj"] = {"Bangolan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Bharia"}, ["bhb"] = {"Bhili"}, ["bhc"] = {"Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"}, ["bhf"] = {"Odiai"}, ["bhg"] = {"Binandere"}, ["bhh"] = {"Bukharic"}, ["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Bimin"}, ["bhm"] = {"Bathari"}, ["bhn"] = {"Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"}, ["bhp"] = {"Bima"}, ["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonesia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Badimaya"}, ["bib"] = {"Bissa", "Bisa"}, ["bid"] = {"Bidiyo"}, ["bie"] = {"Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Biangai"}, ["bik"] = {"Bikol"}, ["bil"] = {"Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Bimoba"}, ["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"}, ["bio"] = {"Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Bila"}, ["biq"] = {"Bipi"}, ["bir"] = {"Bisorio"}, ["bit"] = {"Berinomo"}, ["biu"] = {"Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"}, ["biw"] = {"Kol (Cameroon)"}, ["bix"] = {"Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"}, ["bji"] = {"Burji"}, ["bjj"] = {"Kanauji"}, ["bjk"] = {"Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"}, ["bjn"] = {"Banjar"}, ["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bju"] = {"Busuu"}, ["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Baka (Cameroon)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Buraka"}, ["bkh"] = {"Bakoko"}, ["bki"] = {"Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Kom (Cameroon)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bkq"] = {"Bakairí"}, ["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Buhid"}, ["bkv"] = {"Bekwarra"}, ["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Bungku"}, ["bla"] = {"Siksika"}, ["blb"] = {"Bilua"}, ["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Buol"}, ["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["bll"] = {"Biloxi"}, ["blm"] = {"Beli (South Sudan)"}, ["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Blang"}, ["bls"] = {"Balaesang"}, ["blt"] = {"Tai Dam"}, ["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Notre"}, ["blz"] = {"Balantak"}, ["bma"] = {"Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmn"] = {"Bina (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Bomu"}, ["bmr"] = {"Muinane"}, ["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmv"] = {"Bum"}, ["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Bontok"}, ["bnd"] = {"Banda (Indonesia)"}, ["bne"] = {"Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"}, ["bng"] = {"Benga"}, ["bni"] = {"Bangi"}, ["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Boon"}, ["bnm"] = {"Batanga"}, ["bnn"] = {"Bunun"}, ["bno"] = {"Bantoanon"}, ["bnp"] = {"Bola"}, ["bnq"] = {"Bantik"}, ["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"}, ["bns"] = {"Bundeli"}, ["bnt"] = {"Bantu languages"}, ["bnu"] = {"Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Bintulu"}, ["bnz"] = {"Beezen"}, ["boa"] = {"Bora"}, ["bob"] = {"Aweer"}, ["boe"] = {"Mundabli"}, ["bof"] = {"Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Bamako Sign Language"}, ["boh"] = {"Boma"}, ["boi"] = {"Barbareño"}, ["boj"] = {"Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Bodo (Central African Republic)"}, ["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"}, ["bpc"] = {"Mbuk"}, ["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"}, ["bpe"] = {"Bauni"}, ["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Banda Malay"}, ["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"}, ["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya"}, ["bpz"] = {"Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"}, ["bqc"] = {"Boko (Benin)", "Boo"}, ["bqd"] = {"Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqg"] = {"Bago-Kusuntu"}, ["bqh"] = {"Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Bulgarian Sign Language"}, ["bqo"] = {"Balo"}, ["bqp"] = {"Busa"}, ["bqq"] = {"Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigeria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Baangi"}, ["bqy"] = {"Bengkala Sign Language"}, ["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"}, ["bra"] = {"Braj"}, ["brb"] = {"Brao", "Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Bira"}, ["brg"] = {"Baure"}, ["brh"] = {"Brahui"}, ["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Barambu"}, ["brn"] = {"Boruca"}, ["bro"] = {"Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Baras"}, ["brt"] = {"Bitare"}, ["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Bellari"}, ["brx"] = {"Bodo (India)"}, ["bry"] = {"Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Bilbil"}, ["bsa"] = {"Abinomn"}, ["bsb"] = {"Brunei Bisaya"}, ["bsc"] = {"Bassari", "Oniyan"}, ["bse"] = {"Wushi"}, ["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"}, ["bsg"] = {"Bashkardi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"}, ["bsk"] = {"Burushaski"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Busami"}, ["bsn"] = {"Barasana-Eduria"}, ["bso"] = {"Buso"}, ["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsq"] = {"Bassa"}, ["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"}, ["bta"] = {"Bata"}, ["btc"] = {"Bati (Cameroon)"}, ["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btf"] = {"Birgit"}, ["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"}, ["btk"] = {"Batak languages"}, ["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"}, ["btn"] = {"Ratagnon"}, ["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Baetora"}, ["bts"] = {"Batak Simalungun"}, ["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"}, ["btu"] = {"Batu"}, ["btv"] = {"Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bua"] = {"Buriat"}, ["bub"] = {"Bua"}, ["buc"] = {"Bushi"}, ["bud"] = {"Ntcham"}, ["bue"] = {"Beothuk"}, ["buf"] = {"Bushoong"}, ["bug"] = {"Buginese"}, ["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Bulu (Cameroon)"}, ["bun"] = {"Sherbro"}, ["buo"] = {"Terei"}, ["bup"] = {"Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Bun"}, ["buw"] = {"Bubi"}, ["bux"] = {"Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Barein"}, ["bvb"] = {"Bube"}, ["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"}, ["bvf"] = {"Boor"}, ["bvg"] = {"Bonkeng"}, ["bvh"] = {"Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Bolivian Sign Language"}, ["bvm"] = {"Bamunka"}, ["bvn"] = {"Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Burarra"}, ["bvt"] = {"Bati (Indonesia)"}, ["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"}, ["bvv"] = {"Baniva"}, ["bvw"] = {"Boga"}, ["bvx"] = {"Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"}, ["bwi"] = {"Baniwa"}, ["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwo"] = {"Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"}, ["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bwu"] = {"Buli (Ghana)"}, ["bww"] = {"Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"}, ["bxb"] = {"Belanda Bor"}, ["bxc"] = {"Molengue"}, ["bxd"] = {"Pela"}, ["bxe"] = {"Birale"}, ["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"}, ["bxk"] = {"Bukusu", "Lubukusu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Beele"}, ["bxr"] = {"Russia Buriat"}, ["bxs"] = {"Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Pouye"}, ["byf"] = {"Bete"}, ["byg"] = {"Baygo"}, ["byh"] = {"Bhujel"}, ["byi"] = {"Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigeria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Bidjara"}, ["byn"] = {"Bilin", "Blin"}, ["byo"] = {"Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Burak"}, ["byt"] = {"Berti"}, ["byv"] = {"Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Bandi"}, ["bzb"] = {"Andio"}, ["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bzd"] = {"Bribri"}, ["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Boikin"}, ["bzg"] = {"Babuza"}, ["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"}, ["bzi"] = {"Bisu"}, ["bzj"] = {"Belize Kriol English"}, ["bzk"] = {"Nicaragua Creole English"}, ["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzm"] = {"Bolondo"}, ["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonesia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Brazilian Sign Language"}, ["bzt"] = {"Brithenig"}, ["bzu"] = {"Burmeso"}, ["bzv"] = {"Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigeria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Evant"}, ["caa"] = {"Chortí"}, ["cab"] = {"Garifuna"}, ["cac"] = {"Chuj"}, ["cad"] = {"Caddo"}, ["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"}, ["cag"] = {"Nivaclé"}, ["cah"] = {"Cahuarano"}, ["cai"] = {"Central American Indian languages"}, ["caj"] = {"Chané"}, ["cak"] = {"Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"}, ["cal"] = {"Carolinian"}, ["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Chácobo"}, ["cap"] = {"Chipaya"}, ["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"}, ["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"}, ["cas"] = {"Tsimané"}, ["cau"] = {"Caucasian languages"}, ["cav"] = {"Cavineña"}, ["caw"] = {"Callawalla"}, ["cax"] = {"Chiquitano"}, ["cay"] = {"Cayuga"}, ["caz"] = {"Canichana"}, ["cba"] = {"Chibchan languages"}, ["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"}, ["cbc"] = {"Carapana"}, ["cbd"] = {"Carijona"}, ["cbg"] = {"Chimila"}, ["cbi"] = {"Chachi"}, ["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"}, ["cbk"] = {"Chavacano"}, ["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbr"] = {"Cashibo-Cacataibo"}, ["cbs"] = {"Cashinahua"}, ["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"}, ["cbu"] = {"Candoshi-Shapra"}, ["cbv"] = {"Cacua"}, ["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"}, ["cby"] = {"Carabayo"}, ["ccc"] = {"Chamicuro"}, ["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"North Caucasian languages"}, ["cco"] = {"Comaltepec Chinantec"}, ["ccp"] = {"Chakma"}, ["ccr"] = {"Cacaopera"}, ["ccs"] = {"South Caucasian languages"}, ["cda"] = {"Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Chadic languages"}, ["cdd"] = {"Caddoan languages"}, ["cde"] = {"Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"}, ["cdo"] = {"Min Dong Chinese"}, ["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Chadian Sign Language"}, ["cdy"] = {"Chadong"}, ["cdz"] = {"Koda"}, ["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"}, ["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cel"] = {"Celtic languages"}, ["cen"] = {"Cen"}, ["cet"] = {"Centúúm"}, ["cey"] = {"Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfd"] = {"Cara"}, ["cfg"] = {"Como Karim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"}, ["cgg"] = {"Chiga"}, ["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"}, ["chb"] = {"Chibcha"}, ["chc"] = {"Catawba"}, ["chd"] = {"Highland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["chf"] = {"Tabasco Chontal"}, ["chg"] = {"Chagatai"}, ["chh"] = {"Chinook"}, ["chj"] = {"Ojitlán Chinantec"}, ["chk"] = {"Chuukese"}, ["chl"] = {"Cahuilla"}, ["chm"] = {"Mari (Russia)"}, ["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chq"] = {"Quiotepec Chinantec"}, ["chr"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["cht"] = {"Cholón"}, ["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Chantyal"}, ["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"}, ["chz"] = {"Ozumacín Chinantec"}, ["cia"] = {"Cia-Cia"}, ["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"}, ["cic"] = {"Chickasaw"}, ["cid"] = {"Chimariko"}, ["cie"] = {"Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cim"] = {"Cimbrian"}, ["cin"] = {"Cinta Larga"}, ["cip"] = {"Chiapanec"}, ["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Haméa", "Méa"}, ["ciw"] = {"Chippewa"}, ["ciy"] = {"Chaima"}, ["cja"] = {"Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"}, ["cji"] = {"Chamalal"}, ["cjk"] = {"Chokwe"}, ["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"}, ["cjo"] = {"Ashéninka Pajonal"}, ["cjp"] = {"Cabécar"}, ["cjs"] = {"Shor"}, ["cjv"] = {"Chuave"}, ["cjy"] = {"Jinyu Chinese"}, ["ckb"] = {"Central Kurdish"}, ["ckh"] = {"Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Kairak"}, ["cks"] = {"Tayo"}, ["ckt"] = {"Chukot"}, ["cku"] = {"Koasati"}, ["ckv"] = {"Kavalan"}, ["ckx"] = {"Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Ron"}, ["clc"] = {"Chilcotin"}, ["cld"] = {"Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"}, ["cle"] = {"Lealao Chinantec"}, ["clh"] = {"Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"}, ["cll"] = {"Chala"}, ["clm"] = {"Clallam"}, ["clo"] = {"Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"}, ["clw"] = {"Chulym"}, ["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Maa"}, ["cmc"] = {"Chamic languages"}, ["cme"] = {"Cerma"}, ["cmg"] = {"Classical Mongolian"}, ["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"}, ["cmn"] = {"Mandarin Chinese"}, ["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cms"] = {"Messapic"}, ["cmt"] = {"Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cni"] = {"Asháninka"}, ["cnk"] = {"Khumi Chin"}, ["cnl"] = {"Lalana Chinantec"}, ["cno"] = {"Con"}, ["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cnq"] = {"Chung"}, ["cnr"] = {"Montenegrin"}, ["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"}, ["cnt"] = {"Tepetotutla Chinantec"}, ["cnu"] = {"Chenoua"}, ["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"}, ["cnx"] = {"Middle Cornish"}, ["coa"] = {"Cocos Islands Malay"}, ["cob"] = {"Chicomuceltec"}, ["coc"] = {"Cocopa"}, ["cod"] = {"Cocama-Cocamilla"}, ["coe"] = {"Koreguaje"}, ["cof"] = {"Colorado"}, ["cog"] = {"Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["coj"] = {"Cochimi"}, ["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["com"] = {"Comanche"}, ["con"] = {"Cofán"}, ["coo"] = {"Comox"}, ["cop"] = {"Coptic"}, ["coq"] = {"Coquille"}, ["cot"] = {"Caquinte"}, ["cou"] = {"Wamey"}, ["cov"] = {"Cao Miao"}, ["cow"] = {"Cowlitz"}, ["cox"] = {"Nanti"}, ["coz"] = {"Chochotec"}, ["cpa"] = {"Palantla Chinantec"}, ["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpc"] = {"Ajyíninka Apurucayali"}, ["cpe"] = {"English-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpf"] = {"French-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpg"] = {"Cappadocian Greek"}, ["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Chara"}, ["crb"] = {"Island Carib"}, ["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"}, ["crd"] = {"Coeur d'Alene"}, ["crf"] = {"Caramanta"}, ["crg"] = {"Michif"}, ["crh"] = {"Crimean Tatar", "Crimean Turkish"}, ["cri"] = {"Sãotomense"}, ["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"}, ["crk"] = {"Plains Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"}, ["crn"] = {"El Nayar Cora"}, ["cro"] = {"Crow"}, ["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"}, ["crq"] = {"Iyo'wujwa Chorote"}, ["crr"] = {"Carolina Algonquian"}, ["crs"] = {"Seselwa Creole French"}, ["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Chrau"}, ["crx"] = {"Carrier"}, ["cry"] = {"Cori"}, ["crz"] = {"Cruzeño"}, ["csa"] = {"Chiltepec Chinantec"}, ["csb"] = {"Kashubian"}, ["csc"] = {"Catalan Sign Language", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"}, ["csd"] = {"Chiangmai Sign Language"}, ["cse"] = {"Czech Sign Language"}, ["csf"] = {"Cuba Sign Language"}, ["csg"] = {"Chilean Sign Language"}, ["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"}, ["csi"] = {"Coast Miwok"}, ["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Chinese Sign Language"}, ["csm"] = {"Central Sierra Miwok"}, ["csn"] = {"Colombian Sign Language"}, ["cso"] = {"Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"}, ["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Croatia Sign Language"}, ["csr"] = {"Costa Rican Sign Language"}, ["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Central Sudanic languages"}, ["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"}, ["csw"] = {"Swampy Cree"}, ["csx"] = {"Cambodian Sign Language"}, ["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"}, ["csz"] = {"Coos"}, ["cta"] = {"Tataltepec Chatino"}, ["ctc"] = {"Chetco"}, ["ctd"] = {"Tedim Chin"}, ["cte"] = {"Tepinapa Chinantec"}, ["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctl"] = {"Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"}, ["ctm"] = {"Chitimacha"}, ["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"}, ["ctp"] = {"Western Highland Chatino"}, ["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"}, ["ctu"] = {"Chol"}, ["cty"] = {"Moundadan Chetty"}, ["ctz"] = {"Zacatepec Chatino"}, ["cua"] = {"Cua"}, ["cub"] = {"Cubeo"}, ["cuc"] = {"Usila Chinantec"}, ["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cui"] = {"Cuiba"}, ["cuj"] = {"Mashco Piro"}, ["cuk"] = {"San Blas Kuna"}, ["cul"] = {"Culina", "Kulina"}, ["cuo"] = {"Cumanagoto"}, ["cup"] = {"Cupeño"}, ["cuq"] = {"Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Chhulung"}, ["cus"] = {"Cushitic languages"}, ["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"}, ["cux"] = {"Tepeuxila Cuicatec"}, ["cuy"] = {"Cuitlatec"}, ["cvg"] = {"Chug"}, ["cvn"] = {"Valle Nacional Chinantec"}, ["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Maindo"}, ["cwd"] = {"Woods Cree"}, ["cwe"] = {"Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"}, ["cya"] = {"Nopala Chatino"}, ["cyb"] = {"Cayubaba"}, ["cyo"] = {"Cuyonon"}, ["czh"] = {"Huizhou Chinese"}, ["czk"] = {"Knaanic"}, ["czn"] = {"Zenzontepec Chatino"}, ["czo"] = {"Min Zhong Chinese"}, ["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Duupa"}, ["dag"] = {"Dagbani"}, ["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dak"] = {"Dakota"}, ["dal"] = {"Dahalo"}, ["dam"] = {"Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"}, ["dar"] = {"Dargwa"}, ["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"}, ["dav"] = {"Taita", "Dawida"}, ["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Dayi"}, ["day"] = {"Land Dayak languages"}, ["daz"] = {"Dao"}, ["dba"] = {"Bangime"}, ["dbb"] = {"Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"}, ["dbl"] = {"Dyirbal"}, ["dbm"] = {"Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"}, ["dbp"] = {"Duwai"}, ["dbq"] = {"Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Doondo"}, ["ddg"] = {"Fataluku"}, ["ddi"] = {"West Goodenough"}, ["ddj"] = {"Jaru"}, ["ddn"] = {"Dendi (Benin)"}, ["ddo"] = {"Dido"}, ["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Demisa"}, ["dek"] = {"Dek"}, ["del"] = {"Delaware"}, ["dem"] = {"Dem"}, ["den"] = {"Slave (Athapascan)"}, ["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Dendi (Central African Republic)"}, ["der"] = {"Deori"}, ["des"] = {"Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"}, ["dgo"] = {"Dogri (individual language)"}, ["dgr"] = {"Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"}, ["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"}, ["dgt"] = {"Ndra'ngith"}, ["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhi"] = {"Dhimal"}, ["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"}, ["dhv"] = {"Dehu", "Drehu"}, ["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"}, ["did"] = {"Didinga"}, ["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dih"] = {"Kumiai"}, ["dii"] = {"Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Dai"}, ["dik"] = {"Southwestern Dinka"}, ["dil"] = {"Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Dime"}, ["din"] = {"Dinka"}, ["dio"] = {"Dibo"}, ["dip"] = {"Northeastern Dinka"}, ["diq"] = {"Dimli (individual language)"}, ["dir"] = {"Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Dimasa"}, ["diu"] = {"Diriku"}, ["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["dje"] = {"Zarma"}, ["djf"] = {"Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Djawi"}, ["dka"] = {"Dakpakha"}, ["dkg"] = {"Kadung"}, ["dkk"] = {"Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"}, ["dlg"] = {"Dolgan"}, ["dlk"] = {"Dahalik"}, ["dlm"] = {"Dalmatian"}, ["dln"] = {"Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"}, ["dme"] = {"Dugwor"}, ["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmk"] = {"Domaaki"}, ["dml"] = {"Dameli"}, ["dmm"] = {"Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Mande languages"}, ["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"}, ["dmr"] = {"East Damar"}, ["dms"] = {"Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"}, ["dng"] = {"Dungan"}, ["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnj"] = {"Dan"}, ["dnk"] = {"Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"}, ["dny"] = {"Dení"}, ["doa"] = {"Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"}, ["doe"] = {"Doe"}, ["dof"] = {"Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Dong"}, ["doi"] = {"Dogri (macrolanguage)"}, ["dok"] = {"Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Toura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["doo"] = {"Dongo"}, ["dop"] = {"Lukpa"}, ["doq"] = {"Dominican Sign Language"}, ["dor"] = {"Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Bussa"}, ["doy"] = {"Dompo"}, ["doz"] = {"Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Papar"}, ["dra"] = {"Dravidian languages"}, ["drb"] = {"Dair"}, ["drc"] = {"Minderico"}, ["drd"] = {"Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Drents"}, ["dru"] = {"Rukai"}, ["dry"] = {"Darai"}, ["dsb"] = {"Lower Sorbian"}, ["dse"] = {"Dutch Sign Language"}, ["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Disa"}, ["dsl"] = {"Danish Sign Language"}, ["dsn"] = {"Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"}, ["dsz"] = {"Mardin Sign Language"}, ["dta"] = {"Daur"}, ["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dty"] = {"Dotyali"}, ["dua"] = {"Duala"}, ["dub"] = {"Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dum"] = {"Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"}, ["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Dii"}, ["dus"] = {"Dumi"}, ["duu"] = {"Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyu"] = {"Dyula"}, ["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Tunzu"}, ["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Beginci"}, ["ebg"] = {"Ebughu"}, ["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["ecr"] = {"Eteocretan"}, ["ecs"] = {"Ecuadorian Sign Language"}, ["ecy"] = {"Eteocypriot"}, ["eee"] = {"E"}, ["efa"] = {"Efai"}, ["efe"] = {"Efe"}, ["efi"] = {"Efik"}, ["ega"] = {"Ega"}, ["egl"] = {"Emilian"}, ["egm"] = {"Benamanga"}, ["ego"] = {"Eggon"}, ["egx"] = {"Egyptian languages"}, ["egy"] = {"Egyptian (Ancient)"}, ["ehs"] = {"Miyakubo Sign Language"}, ["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Eitiep"}, ["eiv"] = {"Askopan"}, ["eja"] = {"Ejamat"}, ["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"}, ["eke"] = {"Ekit"}, ["ekg"] = {"Ekari"}, ["eki"] = {"Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Elip"}, ["eko"] = {"Koti"}, ["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Eleme"}, ["elo"] = {"El Molo"}, ["elu"] = {"Elu"}, ["elx"] = {"Elamite"}, ["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Embaloh"}, ["eme"] = {"Emerillon"}, ["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Eastern Maninkakan"}, ["emm"] = {"Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"}, ["emq"] = {"Eastern Minyag"}, ["ems"] = {"Pacific Gulf Yupik"}, ["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"}, ["emw"] = {"Emplawas"}, ["emx"] = {"Erromintxela"}, ["emy"] = {"Epigraphic Mayan"}, ["emz"] = {"Mbessa"}, ["ena"] = {"Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"En"}, ["end"] = {"Ende"}, ["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"}, ["enl"] = {"Enlhet"}, ["enm"] = {"Middle English (1100-1500)"}, ["enn"] = {"Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Enwan (Edo State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["enx"] = {"Enxet"}, ["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["epi"] = {"Epie"}, ["era"] = {"Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"South Efate"}, ["ero"] = {"Horpa"}, ["err"] = {"Erre"}, ["ers"] = {"Ersu"}, ["ert"] = {"Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"}, ["ese"] = {"Ese Ejja"}, ["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"}, ["esh"] = {"Eshtehardi"}, ["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Egypt Sign Language"}, ["esm"] = {"Esuma"}, ["esn"] = {"Salvadoran Sign Language"}, ["eso"] = {"Estonian Sign Language"}, ["esq"] = {"Esselen"}, ["ess"] = {"Central Siberian Yupik"}, ["esu"] = {"Central Yupik"}, ["esx"] = {"Eskimo-Aleut languages"}, ["esy"] = {"Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Ethiopian Sign Language"}, ["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Eton (Cameroon)"}, ["etr"] = {"Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Yekhee"}, ["ett"] = {"Etruscan"}, ["etu"] = {"Ejagham"}, ["etx"] = {"Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Semimi"}, ["euq"] = {"Basque (family)"}, ["eve"] = {"Even"}, ["evh"] = {"Uvbie"}, ["evn"] = {"Evenki"}, ["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"}, ["ext"] = {"Extremaduran"}, ["eya"] = {"Eyak"}, ["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"}, ["faa"] = {"Fasu"}, ["fab"] = {"Fa d'Ambu"}, ["fad"] = {"Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Fang (Cameroon)"}, ["fal"] = {"South Fali"}, ["fam"] = {"Fam"}, ["fan"] = {"Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"}, ["fap"] = {"Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Fataleka"}, ["fat"] = {"Fanti"}, ["fau"] = {"Fayu"}, ["fax"] = {"Fala"}, ["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"}, ["fcs"] = {"Quebec Sign Language"}, ["fer"] = {"Feroge"}, ["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Faifi"}, ["fil"] = {"Filipino", "Pilipino"}, ["fip"] = {"Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Firan"}, ["fit"] = {"Tornedalen Finnish", "Meänkieli"}, ["fiu"] = {"Finno-Ugrian languages"}, ["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["fkv"] = {"Kven Finnish"}, ["fla"] = {"Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"}, ["flh"] = {"Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Foma"}, ["fon"] = {"Fon"}, ["for"] = {"Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Formosan languages"}, ["fpe"] = {"Fernando Po Creole English"}, ["fqs"] = {"Fas"}, ["frc"] = {"Cajun French"}, ["frd"] = {"Fordata"}, ["frk"] = {"Frankish"}, ["frm"] = {"Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"Old French (842-ca. 1400)"}, ["frp"] = {"Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"}, ["frq"] = {"Forak"}, ["frr"] = {"Northern Frisian"}, ["frs"] = {"Eastern Frisian"}, ["frt"] = {"Fortsenal"}, ["fse"] = {"Finnish Sign Language"}, ["fsl"] = {"French Sign Language"}, ["fss"] = {"Finland-Swedish Sign Language", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Pular"}, ["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Fum"}, ["fun"] = {"Fulniô"}, ["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fur"] = {"Friulian"}, ["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"}, ["fvr"] = {"Fur"}, ["fwa"] = {"Fwâi"}, ["fwe"] = {"Fwe"}, ["gaa"] = {"Ga"}, ["gab"] = {"Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gad"] = {"Gaddang"}, ["gae"] = {"Guarequena"}, ["gaf"] = {"Gende"}, ["gag"] = {"Gagauz"}, ["gah"] = {"Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"}, ["gal"] = {"Galolen"}, ["gam"] = {"Kandawo"}, ["gan"] = {"Gan Chinese"}, ["gao"] = {"Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gat"] = {"Kenati"}, ["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gay"] = {"Gayo"}, ["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"}, ["gba"] = {"Gbaya (Central African Republic)"}, ["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"}, ["gbg"] = {"Gbanziri"}, ["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"}, ["gbi"] = {"Galela"}, ["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"}, ["gbn"] = {"Mo'da"}, ["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"}, ["gbp"] = {"Gbaya-Bossangoa"}, ["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"}, ["gce"] = {"Galice"}, ["gcf"] = {"Guadeloupean Creole French"}, ["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Gaina"}, ["gcr"] = {"Guianese Creole French"}, ["gct"] = {"Colonia Tovar German"}, ["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"}, ["gdd"] = {"Gedaged"}, ["gde"] = {"Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"}, ["gdk"] = {"Gadang"}, ["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"}, ["gdm"] = {"Laal"}, ["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"}, ["gdo"] = {"Ghodoberi"}, ["gdq"] = {"Mehri"}, ["gdr"] = {"Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Ghandruk Sign Language"}, ["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Gebe"}, ["gej"] = {"Gen"}, ["gek"] = {"Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"}, ["gem"] = {"Germanic languages"}, ["geq"] = {"Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Garre"}, ["gey"] = {"Enya"}, ["gez"] = {"Geez"}, ["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"}, ["gft"] = {"Gafat"}, ["gga"] = {"Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Gbii"}, ["ggd"] = {"Gugadj"}, ["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"}, ["ghc"] = {"Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"}, ["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"}, ["gho"] = {"Ghomara"}, ["ghr"] = {"Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Githabul"}, ["gii"] = {"Girirra"}, ["gil"] = {"Gilbertese"}, ["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gin"] = {"Hinukh"}, ["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"}, ["gis"] = {"North Giziga"}, ["git"] = {"Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Giyug"}, ["giz"] = {"South Giziga"}, ["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"}, ["glb"] = {"Belning"}, ["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"}, ["gld"] = {"Nanai"}, ["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"}, ["glk"] = {"Gilaki"}, ["gll"] = {"Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"East Germanic languages"}, ["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"}, ["gmh"] = {"Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"}, ["gml"] = {"Middle Low German"}, ["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"North Germanic languages"}, ["gmr"] = {"Mirning", "Mirniny"}, ["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Gamo"}, ["gmw"] = {"West Germanic languages"}, ["gmx"] = {"Magoma"}, ["gmy"] = {"Mycenaean Greek"}, ["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Gangte"}, ["gnc"] = {"Guanche"}, ["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Lere"}, ["gni"] = {"Gooniyandi"}, ["gnj"] = {"Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Gnau"}, ["gnw"] = {"Western Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"}, ["goa"] = {"Guro"}, ["gob"] = {"Playero"}, ["goc"] = {"Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Godié"}, ["goe"] = {"Gongduk"}, ["gof"] = {"Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Gogo"}, ["goh"] = {"Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"}, ["goi"] = {"Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Gowli"}, ["gol"] = {"Gola"}, ["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"}, ["gon"] = {"Gondi"}, ["goo"] = {"Gone Dau"}, ["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Gorap"}, ["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"}, ["gos"] = {"Gronings"}, ["got"] = {"Gothic"}, ["gou"] = {"Gavar"}, ["gov"] = {"Goo"}, ["gow"] = {"Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gpn"] = {"Taiap"}, ["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"}, ["gqn"] = {"Guana (Brazil)"}, ["gqr"] = {"Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"}, ["grb"] = {"Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Ancient Greek (to 1453)"}, ["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Greek languages"}, ["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Garo"}, ["gru"] = {"Kistane"}, ["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Guramalum"}, ["gse"] = {"Ghanaian Sign Language"}, ["gsg"] = {"German Sign Language"}, ["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"}, ["gsm"] = {"Guatemalan Sign Language"}, ["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Greek Sign Language"}, ["gsw"] = {"Swiss German", "Alemannic", "Alsatian"}, ["gta"] = {"Guató"}, ["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Shiki"}, ["gub"] = {"Guajajára"}, ["guc"] = {"Wayuu"}, ["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"}, ["gug"] = {"Paraguayan Guaraní"}, ["guh"] = {"Guahibo"}, ["gui"] = {"Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["guk"] = {"Gumuz"}, ["gul"] = {"Sea Island Creole English"}, ["gum"] = {"Guambiano"}, ["gun"] = {"Mbyá Guaraní"}, ["guo"] = {"Guayabero"}, ["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"}, ["guq"] = {"Aché"}, ["gur"] = {"Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Guinean Sign Language"}, ["gut"] = {"Maléku Jaíka"}, ["guu"] = {"Yanomamö"}, ["guw"] = {"Gun"}, ["gux"] = {"Gourmanchéma"}, ["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gvc"] = {"Guanano"}, ["gve"] = {"Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Golin"}, ["gvj"] = {"Guajá"}, ["gvl"] = {"Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvo"] = {"Gavião Do Jiparaná"}, ["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Moo"}, ["gwi"] = {"Gwichʼin"}, ["gwj"] = {"ǀGwi"}, ["gwm"] = {"Awngthim"}, ["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Gayil"}, ["gym"] = {"Ngäbere"}, ["gyn"] = {"Guyanese Creole English"}, ["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyr"] = {"Guarayu"}, ["gyy"] = {"Gunya"}, ["gyz"] = {"Geji", "Gyaazi"}, ["gza"] = {"Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Gane"}, ["haa"] = {"Han"}, ["hab"] = {"Hanoi Sign Language"}, ["hac"] = {"Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Haiphong Sign Language"}, ["hag"] = {"Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Hahon"}, ["hai"] = {"Haida"}, ["haj"] = {"Hajong"}, ["hak"] = {"Hakka Chinese"}, ["hal"] = {"Halang"}, ["ham"] = {"Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Ha"}, ["har"] = {"Harari"}, ["has"] = {"Haisla"}, ["hav"] = {"Havu"}, ["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"}, ["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Haya"}, ["haz"] = {"Hazaragi"}, ["hba"] = {"Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Heiban"}, ["hbo"] = {"Ancient Hebrew"}, ["hbu"] = {"Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hch"] = {"Huichol"}, ["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"}, ["hds"] = {"Honduras Sign Language"}, ["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hed"] = {"Herdé"}, ["heg"] = {"Helong"}, ["heh"] = {"Hehe"}, ["hei"] = {"Heiltsuk"}, ["hem"] = {"Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Lamang"}, ["hib"] = {"Hibito"}, ["hid"] = {"Hidatsa"}, ["hif"] = {"Fiji Hindi"}, ["hig"] = {"Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Himachali languages", "Western Pahari languages"}, ["hio"] = {"Tsoa"}, ["hir"] = {"Himarimã"}, ["hit"] = {"Hittite"}, ["hiw"] = {"Hiw"}, ["hix"] = {"Hixkaryána"}, ["hji"] = {"Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Hunde"}, ["hkh"] = {"Khah", "Poguli"}, ["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Hong Kong Sign Language", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Halia"}, ["hlb"] = {"Halbi"}, ["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"}, ["hlu"] = {"Hieroglyphic Luwian"}, ["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hmk"] = {"Maek"}, ["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmn"] = {"Hmong", "Mong"}, ["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmr"] = {"Hmar"}, ["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Hmong-Mien languages"}, ["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Mina (Cameroon)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"}, ["hne"] = {"Chhattisgarhi"}, ["hng"] = {"Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hnn"] = {"Hanunoo"}, ["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Caribbean Hindustani"}, ["hnu"] = {"Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Ho"}, ["hod"] = {"Holma"}, ["hoe"] = {"Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"}, ["hoi"] = {"Holikachuk"}, ["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Hokan languages"}, ["hol"] = {"Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Homa"}, ["hoo"] = {"Holoholo"}, ["hop"] = {"Hopi"}, ["hor"] = {"Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"}, ["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Hpon"}, ["hps"] = {"Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)", "Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language"}, ["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"}, ["hrx"] = {"Hunsrik"}, ["hrz"] = {"Harzani"}, ["hsb"] = {"Upper Sorbian"}, ["hsh"] = {"Hungarian Sign Language"}, ["hsl"] = {"Hausa Sign Language"}, ["hsn"] = {"Xiang Chinese"}, ["hss"] = {"Harsusi"}, ["hti"] = {"Hoti"}, ["hto"] = {"Minica Huitoto"}, ["hts"] = {"Hadza"}, ["htu"] = {"Hitu"}, ["htx"] = {"Middle Hittite"}, ["hub"] = {"Huambisa"}, ["huc"] = {"ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"}, ["hud"] = {"Huaulu"}, ["hue"] = {"San Francisco Del Mar Huave"}, ["huf"] = {"Humene"}, ["hug"] = {"Huachipaeri"}, ["huh"] = {"Huilliche"}, ["hui"] = {"Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Hu"}, ["hup"] = {"Hupa"}, ["huq"] = {"Tsat"}, ["hur"] = {"Halkomelem"}, ["hus"] = {"Huastec"}, ["hut"] = {"Humla"}, ["huu"] = {"Murui Huitoto"}, ["huv"] = {"San Mateo Del Mar Huave"}, ["huw"] = {"Hukumina"}, ["hux"] = {"Nüpode Huitoto"}, ["huy"] = {"Hulaulá"}, ["huz"] = {"Hunzib"}, ["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hve"] = {"San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"}, ["hvk"] = {"Haveke"}, ["hvn"] = {"Sabu"}, ["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Wané"}, ["hwc"] = {"Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"}, ["hwo"] = {"Hwana"}, ["hya"] = {"Hya"}, ["hyw"] = {"Western Armenian"}, ["hyx"] = {"Armenian (family)"}, ["iai"] = {"Iaai"}, ["ian"] = {"Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Purari"}, ["iba"] = {"Iban"}, ["ibb"] = {"Ibibio"}, ["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Icelandic Sign Language"}, ["icr"] = {"Islander Creole English"}, ["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idb"] = {"Indo-Portuguese"}, ["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Kanggape"}, ["ign"] = {"Ignaciano"}, ["igo"] = {"Isebe"}, ["igs"] = {"Interglossa"}, ["igw"] = {"Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Thiin"}, ["iir"] = {"Indo-Iranian languages"}, ["ijc"] = {"Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"}, ["ijo"] = {"Ijo languages"}, ["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["iki"] = {"Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"}, ["iko"] = {"Olulumo-Ikom"}, ["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Inuit Sign Language"}, ["ikt"] = {"Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"}, ["ikx"] = {"Ik"}, ["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"}, ["ilb"] = {"Ila"}, ["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilo"] = {"Iloko"}, ["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ils"] = {"International Sign"}, ["ilu"] = {"Ili'uun"}, ["ilv"] = {"Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Imroing"}, ["ims"] = {"Marsian"}, ["imt"] = {"Imotong"}, ["imy"] = {"Milyan"}, ["inb"] = {"Inga"}, ["inc"] = {"Indic languages"}, ["ine"] = {"Indo-European languages"}, ["ing"] = {"Degexit'an"}, ["inh"] = {"Ingush"}, ["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Indonesian Sign Language"}, ["inm"] = {"Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"}, ["inp"] = {"Iñapari"}, ["ins"] = {"Indian Sign Language"}, ["int"] = {"Intha"}, ["inz"] = {"Ineseño"}, ["ior"] = {"Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"}, ["iow"] = {"Iowa-Oto"}, ["ipi"] = {"Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"}, ["iqu"] = {"Iquito"}, ["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"}, ["ira"] = {"Iranian languages"}, ["ire"] = {"Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["irk"] = {"Iraqw"}, ["irn"] = {"Irántxe"}, ["iro"] = {"Iroquoian languages"}, ["irr"] = {"Ir"}, ["iru"] = {"Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Isabi"}, ["isc"] = {"Isconahua"}, ["isd"] = {"Isnag"}, ["ise"] = {"Italian Sign Language"}, ["isg"] = {"Irish Sign Language"}, ["ish"] = {"Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Isoko"}, ["isr"] = {"Israeli Sign Language"}, ["ist"] = {"Istriot"}, ["isu"] = {"Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"}, ["itc"] = {"Italic languages"}, ["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"}, ["ite"] = {"Itene"}, ["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itk"] = {"Judeo-Italian"}, ["itl"] = {"Itelmen"}, ["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["ito"] = {"Itonama"}, ["itr"] = {"Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Ito"}, ["itx"] = {"Itik"}, ["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"}, ["itz"] = {"Itzá"}, ["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"}, ["ivv"] = {"Ivatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"}, ["ixc"] = {"Ixcatec"}, ["ixl"] = {"Ixil"}, ["iya"] = {"Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Congo)"}, ["izh"] = {"Ingrian"}, ["izr"] = {"Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Izii"}, ["jaa"] = {"Jamamadí"}, ["jab"] = {"Hyam"}, ["jac"] = {"Popti'", "Jakalteko"}, ["jad"] = {"Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"}, ["jam"] = {"Jamaican Creole English"}, ["jan"] = {"Jandai"}, ["jao"] = {"Yanyuwa"}, ["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jaz"] = {"Jawe"}, ["jbe"] = {"Judeo-Berber"}, ["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"}, ["jbm"] = {"Bijim"}, ["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"}, ["jbo"] = {"Lojban"}, ["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbt"] = {"Jabutí"}, ["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Jamaican Country Sign Language"}, ["jct"] = {"Krymchak"}, ["jda"] = {"Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"}, ["jdt"] = {"Judeo-Tat"}, ["jeb"] = {"Jebero"}, ["jee"] = {"Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"}, ["jge"] = {"Judeo-Georgian"}, ["jgk"] = {"Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Jhankot Sign Language"}, ["jia"] = {"Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Bu (Kaduna State)"}, ["jie"] = {"Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Jimi (Cameroon)"}, ["jio"] = {"Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiv"] = {"Shuar"}, ["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jje"] = {"Jejueo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["jkr"] = {"Koro (India)"}, ["jks"] = {"Amami Koniya Sign Language"}, ["jku"] = {"Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Jamaican Sign Language"}, ["jma"] = {"Dima"}, ["jmb"] = {"Zumbun"}, ["jmc"] = {"Machame"}, ["jmd"] = {"Yamdena"}, ["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigeria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigeria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Jogi"}, ["jor"] = {"Jorá"}, ["jos"] = {"Jordanian Sign Language"}, ["jow"] = {"Jowulu"}, ["jpa"] = {"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"}, ["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"}, ["jpx"] = {"Japanese (family)"}, ["jqr"] = {"Jaqaru"}, ["jra"] = {"Jarai"}, ["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"}, ["jrr"] = {"Jiru"}, ["jrt"] = {"Jakattoe"}, ["jru"] = {"Japrería"}, ["jsl"] = {"Japanese Sign Language"}, ["jua"] = {"Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Wannu"}, ["juc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["jud"] = {"Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Jiba"}, ["jup"] = {"Hupdë"}, ["jur"] = {"Jurúna"}, ["jus"] = {"Jumla Sign Language"}, ["jut"] = {"Jutish"}, ["juu"] = {"Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Jiarong"}, ["jye"] = {"Judeo-Yemeni Arabic"}, ["jyy"] = {"Jaya"}, ["kaa"] = {"Kara-Kalpak", "Karakalpak"}, ["kab"] = {"Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kad"] = {"Adara"}, ["kae"] = {"Ketangalan"}, ["kaf"] = {"Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Kara (Central African Republic)"}, ["kai"] = {"Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kam"] = {"Kamba (Kenya)"}, ["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"}, ["kap"] = {"Bezhta"}, ["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"}, ["kar"] = {"Karen languages"}, ["kav"] = {"Katukína"}, ["kaw"] = {"Kawi"}, ["kax"] = {"Kao"}, ["kay"] = {"Kamayurá"}, ["kba"] = {"Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbc"] = {"Kadiwéu"}, ["kbd"] = {"Kabardian"}, ["kbe"] = {"Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Khamba"}, ["kbh"] = {"Camsá"}, ["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Kare (Central African Republic)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Keliko"}, ["kbp"] = {"Kabiyè"}, ["kbq"] = {"Kamano"}, ["kbr"] = {"Kafa"}, ["kbs"] = {"Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonesia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"}, ["kca"] = {"Khanty"}, ["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua New Guinea)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Gula (Central African Republic)"}, ["kcn"] = {"Nubi"}, ["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcy"] = {"Korandje"}, ["kcz"] = {"Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Kutu"}, ["kdd"] = {"Yankunytjatjara"}, ["kde"] = {"Makonde"}, ["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"}, ["kdg"] = {"Seba"}, ["kdh"] = {"Tem"}, ["kdi"] = {"Kumam"}, ["kdj"] = {"Karamojong"}, ["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Kordofanian languages"}, ["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdq"] = {"Koch"}, ["kdr"] = {"Karaim"}, ["kdt"] = {"Kuy"}, ["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Kam"}, ["kdy"] = {"Keder", "Keijar"}, ["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"}, ["kea"] = {"Kabuverdianu"}, ["keb"] = {"Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Kadar"}, ["kek"] = {"Kekchí"}, ["kel"] = {"Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Kenyang"}, ["keo"] = {"Kakwa"}, ["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Kamar"}, ["ker"] = {"Kera"}, ["kes"] = {"Kugbo"}, ["ket"] = {"Ket"}, ["keu"] = {"Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Kodava"}, ["kfb"] = {"Northwestern Kolami"}, ["kfc"] = {"Konda-Dora"}, ["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"}, ["kfe"] = {"Kota (India)"}, ["kff"] = {"Koya"}, ["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"}, ["kfi"] = {"Kannada Kurumba"}, ["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"}, ["kfk"] = {"Kinnauri"}, ["kfl"] = {"Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfp"] = {"Korwa"}, ["kfq"] = {"Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Kawe"}, ["kge"] = {"Komering"}, ["kgf"] = {"Kube"}, ["kgg"] = {"Kusunda"}, ["kgi"] = {"Selangor Sign Language"}, ["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"}, ["kgk"] = {"Kaiwá"}, ["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"}, ["kgm"] = {"Karipúna"}, ["kgn"] = {"Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Krongo"}, ["kgp"] = {"Kaingang"}, ["kgq"] = {"Kamoro"}, ["kgr"] = {"Abun"}, ["kgs"] = {"Kumbainggar"}, ["kgt"] = {"Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Kobol"}, ["kgv"] = {"Karas"}, ["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"}, ["kha"] = {"Khasi"}, ["khb"] = {"Lü"}, ["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Kehu"}, ["khi"] = {"Khoisan languages"}, ["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"}, ["khk"] = {"Halh Mongolian"}, ["khl"] = {"Lusi"}, ["khn"] = {"Khandesi"}, ["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khq"] = {"Koyra Chiini Songhay"}, ["khr"] = {"Kharia"}, ["khs"] = {"Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"}, ["khv"] = {"Khvarshi"}, ["khw"] = {"Khowar"}, ["khx"] = {"Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Kim"}, ["kib"] = {"Koalib"}, ["kic"] = {"Kickapoo"}, ["kid"] = {"Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Kariya"}, ["kim"] = {"Karagas"}, ["kio"] = {"Kiowa"}, ["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Mlap"}, ["kjb"] = {"Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"}, ["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Khmu"}, ["kjh"] = {"Khakas"}, ["kji"] = {"Zabana"}, ["kjj"] = {"Khinalugh"}, ["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Harijan Kinnauri"}, ["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjq"] = {"Western Keres"}, ["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Kashaya"}, ["kjv"] = {"Kaikavian Literary Language"}, ["kjx"] = {"Ramopa"}, ["kjy"] = {"Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kkh"] = {"Khün"}, ["kki"] = {"Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"}, ["kko"] = {"Karko"}, ["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Tumi"}, ["kkv"] = {"Kangean"}, ["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Kohin"}, ["kky"] = {"Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"}, ["kkz"] = {"Kaska"}, ["kla"] = {"Klamath-Modoc"}, ["klb"] = {"Kiliwa"}, ["klc"] = {"Kolbila"}, ["kld"] = {"Gamilaraay"}, ["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"}, ["klj"] = {"Khalaj"}, ["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigeria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"}, ["kly"] = {"Kalao"}, ["klz"] = {"Kabola"}, ["kma"] = {"Konni"}, ["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"}, ["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigeria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Kwama"}, ["kmr"] = {"Northern Kurdish"}, ["kms"] = {"Kamasau"}, ["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Koma"}, ["kmz"] = {"Khorasani Turkish"}, ["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigeria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Central Kanuri"}, ["knd"] = {"Konda"}, ["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Kanufi"}, ["knj"] = {"Western Kanjobal"}, ["knk"] = {"Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Keninjal"}, ["knm"] = {"Kanamarí"}, ["knn"] = {"Konkani (individual language)"}, ["kno"] = {"Kono (Sierra Leone)"}, ["knp"] = {"Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Kintaq"}, ["knr"] = {"Kaningra"}, ["kns"] = {"Kensiu"}, ["knt"] = {"Panoan Katukína"}, ["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Tabo"}, ["knw"] = {"Kung-Ekoka"}, ["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Kodi"}, ["koe"] = {"Kacipo-Bale Suri"}, ["kof"] = {"Kubi"}, ["kog"] = {"Cogui", "Kogi"}, ["koh"] = {"Koyo"}, ["koi"] = {"Komi-Permyak"}, ["kok"] = {"Konkani (macrolanguage)"}, ["kol"] = {"Kol (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["koo"] = {"Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kos"] = {"Kosraean"}, ["kot"] = {"Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Kugama"}, ["koy"] = {"Koyukon"}, ["koz"] = {"Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpc"] = {"Curripaco"}, ["kpd"] = {"Koba"}, ["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["kpf"] = {"Komba"}, ["kpg"] = {"Kapingamarangi"}, ["kph"] = {"Kplang"}, ["kpi"] = {"Kofei"}, ["kpj"] = {"Karajá"}, ["kpk"] = {"Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Tehit"}, ["kpt"] = {"Karata"}, ["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"}, ["kpv"] = {"Komi-Zyrian"}, ["kpw"] = {"Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpy"] = {"Koryak"}, ["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Koorete"}, ["kqz"] = {"Korana"}, ["kra"] = {"Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Karkin"}, ["krc"] = {"Karachay-Balkar"}, ["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Kurama"}, ["kri"] = {"Krio"}, ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Kerek"}, ["krl"] = {"Karelian"}, ["krn"] = {"Sapo"}, ["kro"] = {"Kru languages"}, ["krp"] = {"Korop"}, ["krr"] = {"Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"}, ["kru"] = {"Kurukh"}, ["krv"] = {"Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Karon"}, ["kry"] = {"Kryts"}, ["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"}, ["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ksb"] = {"Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"}, ["ksd"] = {"Kuanua"}, ["kse"] = {"Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"}, ["ksh"] = {"Kölsch"}, ["ksi"] = {"Krisa", "I'saka"}, ["ksj"] = {"Uare"}, ["ksk"] = {"Kansa"}, ["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Kusu"}, ["ksw"] = {"S'gaw Karen"}, ["ksx"] = {"Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["kte"] = {"Nubri"}, ["ktf"] = {"Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"}, ["kto"] = {"Kuot"}, ["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"}, ["ktq"] = {"Katabaga"}, ["kts"] = {"South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Ketum"}, ["ktu"] = {"Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"}, ["ktw"] = {"Kato"}, ["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"}, ["kud"] = {"'Auhelawa"}, ["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Kuria"}, ["kuk"] = {"Kepo'"}, ["kul"] = {"Kulere"}, ["kum"] = {"Kumyk"}, ["kun"] = {"Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"}, ["kus"] = {"Kusaal"}, ["kut"] = {"Kutenai"}, ["kuu"] = {"Upper Kuskokwim"}, ["kuv"] = {"Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kuz"] = {"Kunza"}, ["kva"] = {"Bagvalal"}, ["kvb"] = {"Kubu"}, ["kvc"] = {"Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonesia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvh"] = {"Komodo"}, ["kvi"] = {"Kwang"}, ["kvj"] = {"Psikye"}, ["kvk"] = {"Korean Sign Language"}, ["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"}, ["kvm"] = {"Kendem"}, ["kvn"] = {"Border Kuna"}, ["kvo"] = {"Dobel"}, ["kvp"] = {"Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"}, ["kvr"] = {"Kerinci"}, ["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvv"] = {"Kola"}, ["kvw"] = {"Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"}, ["kwi"] = {"Awa-Cuaiquer"}, ["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"}, ["kwn"] = {"Kwangali"}, ["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kwz"] = {"Kwadi"}, ["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"}, ["kxb"] = {"Krobu"}, ["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxo"] = {"Kanoé"}, ["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Konai"}, ["kxx"] = {"Likuba"}, ["kxy"] = {"Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"}, ["kyd"] = {"Karey"}, ["kye"] = {"Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"}, ["kyh"] = {"Karok"}, ["kyi"] = {"Kiput"}, ["kyj"] = {"Karao"}, ["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Kenga"}, ["kyr"] = {"Kuruáya"}, ["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"}, ["kyz"] = {"Kayabí"}, ["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"}, ["kzb"] = {"Kaibobo"}, ["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"}, ["kzk"] = {"Kazukuru"}, ["kzl"] = {"Kayeli"}, ["kzm"] = {"Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"}, ["kzv"] = {"Komyandaret"}, ["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"}, ["laa"] = {"Southern Subanen"}, ["lab"] = {"Linear A"}, ["lac"] = {"Lacandon"}, ["lad"] = {"Ladino"}, ["lae"] = {"Pattani"}, ["laf"] = {"Lafofa"}, ["lag"] = {"Langi"}, ["lah"] = {"Lahnda"}, ["lai"] = {"Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lal"] = {"Lalia"}, ["lam"] = {"Lamba"}, ["lan"] = {"Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"}, ["laz"] = {"Aribwatsa"}, ["lbb"] = {"Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"}, ["lbe"] = {"Lak"}, ["lbf"] = {"Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Libyan Sign Language"}, ["lbt"] = {"Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"}, ["lcq"] = {"Luhu"}, ["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Landoma"}, ["ldn"] = {"Láadan"}, ["ldo"] = {"Loo"}, ["ldp"] = {"Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"}, ["lec"] = {"Leco"}, ["led"] = {"Lendu"}, ["lee"] = {"Lyélé"}, ["lef"] = {"Lelemi"}, ["leh"] = {"Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Nomaande"}, ["len"] = {"Lenca"}, ["leo"] = {"Leti (Cameroon)"}, ["lep"] = {"Lepcha"}, ["leq"] = {"Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Lenkau"}, ["les"] = {"Lese"}, ["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["lev"] = {"Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Lemolang"}, ["lez"] = {"Lezghian"}, ["lfa"] = {"Lefa"}, ["lfn"] = {"Lingua Franca Nova"}, ["lga"] = {"Lungga"}, ["lgb"] = {"Laghu"}, ["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgl"] = {"Wala"}, ["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgo"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"}, ["lgq"] = {"Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Lengo"}, ["lgt"] = {"Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonesia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Likila"}, ["lif"] = {"Limbu"}, ["lig"] = {"Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Lihir"}, ["lij"] = {"Ligurian"}, ["lik"] = {"Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Liberian English"}, ["lis"] = {"Lisu"}, ["liu"] = {"Logorik"}, ["liv"] = {"Liv"}, ["liw"] = {"Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Rampi"}, ["lji"] = {"Laiyolo"}, ["ljl"] = {"Li'o"}, ["ljp"] = {"Lampung Api"}, ["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lkt"] = {"Lakota"}, ["lku"] = {"Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lld"] = {"Ladin"}, ["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["llf"] = {"Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Lithuanian Sign Language"}, ["llu"] = {"Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Lumun"}, ["lme"] = {"Pévé"}, ["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"}, ["lmo"] = {"Lombard"}, ["lmp"] = {"Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"}, ["lmv"] = {"Lomaiviti"}, ["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lng"] = {"Langobardic"}, ["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"}, ["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Logo"}, ["loh"] = {"Narim"}, ["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Loko"}, ["lol"] = {"Mongo"}, ["lom"] = {"Loma (Liberia)"}, ["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Otuho"}, ["lou"] = {"Louisiana Creole"}, ["lov"] = {"Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Loke"}, ["loz"] = {"Lozi"}, ["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Lopit"}, ["lqr"] = {"Logir"}, ["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"}, ["lre"] = {"Laurentian"}, ["lrg"] = {"Laragia"}, ["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"}, ["lsb"] = {"Burundian Sign Language", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"}, ["lsc"] = {"Albarradas Sign Language", "Lengua de señas Albarradas"}, ["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Lashi"}, ["lsl"] = {"Latvian Sign Language"}, ["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Tibetan Sign Language"}, ["lso"] = {"Laos Sign Language"}, ["lsp"] = {"Panamanian Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"}, ["lsr"] = {"Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"}, ["lsv"] = {"Sivia Sign Language"}, ["lsw"] = {"Seychelles Sign Language", "Lalang Siny Seselwa", "Langue des Signes Seychelloise"}, ["lsy"] = {"Mauritian Sign Language"}, ["ltc"] = {"Late Middle Chinese"}, ["ltg"] = {"Latgalian"}, ["lth"] = {"Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonesia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Latu"}, ["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"}, ["luc"] = {"Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Laua"}, ["lui"] = {"Luiseno"}, ["luj"] = {"Luna"}, ["luk"] = {"Lunanakha"}, ["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Luimbi"}, ["lun"] = {"Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"}, ["lup"] = {"Lumbu"}, ["luq"] = {"Lucumi"}, ["lur"] = {"Laura"}, ["lus"] = {"Lushai"}, ["lut"] = {"Lushootseed"}, ["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Luo (Cameroon)"}, ["luy"] = {"Luyia", "Oluluyia"}, ["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"}, ["lvs"] = {"Standard Latvian"}, ["lvu"] = {"Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Luwo"}, ["lws"] = {"Malawian Sign Language"}, ["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Lewo"}, ["lxm"] = {"Lakurumau"}, ["lya"] = {"Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Luyana"}, ["lzh"] = {"Literary Chinese"}, ["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"}, ["lzz"] = {"Laz"}, ["maa"] = {"San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"}, ["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mad"] = {"Madurese"}, ["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Mafa"}, ["mag"] = {"Magahi"}, ["mai"] = {"Maithili"}, ["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["mak"] = {"Makasar"}, ["mam"] = {"Mam"}, ["man"] = {"Mandingo", "Manding"}, ["map"] = {"Austronesian languages"}, ["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["mas"] = {"Masai"}, ["mat"] = {"San Francisco Matlatzinca"}, ["mau"] = {"Huautla Mazatec"}, ["mav"] = {"Sateré-Mawé"}, ["maw"] = {"Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"}, ["maz"] = {"Central Mazahua"}, ["mba"] = {"Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbc"] = {"Macushi"}, ["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbe"] = {"Molale"}, ["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"}, ["mbm"] = {"Ombamba"}, ["mbn"] = {"Macaguán"}, ["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Cameroon)"}, ["mbp"] = {"Malayo"}, ["mbq"] = {"Maisin"}, ["mbr"] = {"Nukak Makú"}, ["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbv"] = {"Mbulungish"}, ["mbw"] = {"Maring"}, ["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Maca"}, ["mcb"] = {"Machiguenga"}, ["mcc"] = {"Bitur"}, ["mcd"] = {"Sharanahua"}, ["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Matsés"}, ["mcg"] = {"Mapoyo"}, ["mch"] = {"Maquiritari"}, ["mci"] = {"Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"}, ["mck"] = {"Mbunda"}, ["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"}, ["mcm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Portuguese"}, ["mcn"] = {"Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigeria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Male (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Mbum"}, ["mde"] = {"Maba (Chad)"}, ["mdf"] = {"Moksha"}, ["mdg"] = {"Massalat"}, ["mdh"] = {"Maguindanaon"}, ["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"}, ["mdj"] = {"Mangbetu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Maltese Sign Language"}, ["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Mbole"}, ["mdr"] = {"Mandar"}, ["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"}, ["mdx"] = {"Dizin"}, ["mdy"] = {"Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mei"] = {"Midob"}, ["mej"] = {"Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Mekeo"}, ["mel"] = {"Central Melanau"}, ["mem"] = {"Mangala"}, ["men"] = {"Mende (Sierra Leone)"}, ["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Merey"}, ["mer"] = {"Meru"}, ["mes"] = {"Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Mato"}, ["meu"] = {"Motu"}, ["mev"] = {"Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Maaka"}, ["mey"] = {"Hassaniyya"}, ["mez"] = {"Menominee"}, ["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mfe"] = {"Morisyen"}, ["mff"] = {"Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Matal"}, ["mfi"] = {"Wandala"}, ["mfj"] = {"Mefele"}, ["mfk"] = {"North Mofu"}, ["mfl"] = {"Putai"}, ["mfm"] = {"Marghi South"}, ["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"}, ["mfq"] = {"Moba"}, ["mfr"] = {"Marrithiyel"}, ["mfs"] = {"Mexican Sign Language"}, ["mft"] = {"Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Melo"}, ["mfy"] = {"Mayo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"}, ["mga"] = {"Middle Irish (900-1200)"}, ["mgb"] = {"Mararit"}, ["mgc"] = {"Morokodo"}, ["mgd"] = {"Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"}, ["mhc"] = {"Mocho"}, ["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"}, ["mhj"] = {"Mogholi"}, ["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mhn"] = {"Mócheno"}, ["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Mandan"}, ["mhr"] = {"Eastern Mari"}, ["mhs"] = {"Buru (Indonesia)"}, ["mht"] = {"Mandahuaca"}, ["mhu"] = {"Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"}, ["mhw"] = {"Mbukushu"}, ["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mia"] = {"Miami"}, ["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["mid"] = {"Mandaic"}, ["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mig"] = {"San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"}, ["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mii"] = {"Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mik"] = {"Mikasuki"}, ["mil"] = {"Peñoles Mixtec"}, ["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["min"] = {"Minangkabau"}, ["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["miq"] = {"Mískito"}, ["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"}, ["mis"] = {"Uncoded languages"}, ["mit"] = {"Southern Puebla Mixtec"}, ["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjb"] = {"Makalero"}, ["mjc"] = {"San Juan Colorado Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Muskum"}, ["mjg"] = {"Tu"}, ["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Miship"}, ["mjt"] = {"Sauria Paharia"}, ["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Mannan"}, ["mjw"] = {"Karbi"}, ["mjx"] = {"Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"}, ["mkh"] = {"Mon-Khmer languages"}, ["mki"] = {"Dhatki"}, ["mkj"] = {"Mokilese"}, ["mkk"] = {"Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Mafea"}, ["mkw"] = {"Kituba (Congo)"}, ["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"East Makian"}, ["mkz"] = {"Makasae"}, ["mla"] = {"Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"}, ["mle"] = {"Manambu"}, ["mlf"] = {"Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Malango"}, ["mlo"] = {"Mlomp"}, ["mlp"] = {"Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Momina"}, ["mmc"] = {"Michoacán Mazahua"}, ["mmd"] = {"Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Mae"}, ["mmf"] = {"Mundat"}, ["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"}, ["mmh"] = {"Mehináku"}, ["mmi"] = {"Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Madak"}, ["mmy"] = {"Migaama"}, ["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Mbula"}, ["mnb"] = {"Muna"}, ["mnc"] = {"Manchu"}, ["mnd"] = {"Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Mundani"}, ["mng"] = {"Eastern Mnong"}, ["mnh"] = {"Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["mni"] = {"Manipuri"}, ["mnj"] = {"Munji"}, ["mnk"] = {"Mandinka"}, ["mnl"] = {"Tiale"}, ["mnm"] = {"Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"}, ["mno"] = {"Manobo languages"}, ["mnp"] = {"Min Bei Chinese"}, ["mnq"] = {"Minriq"}, ["mnr"] = {"Mono (USA)"}, ["mns"] = {"Mansi"}, ["mnu"] = {"Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnw"] = {"Mon"}, ["mnx"] = {"Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Mwan"}, ["moc"] = {"Mocoví"}, ["mod"] = {"Mobilian"}, ["moe"] = {"Innu", "Montagnais"}, ["mog"] = {"Mongondow"}, ["moh"] = {"Mohawk"}, ["moi"] = {"Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Monzombo"}, ["mok"] = {"Morori"}, ["mom"] = {"Mangue"}, ["moo"] = {"Monom"}, ["mop"] = {"Mopán Maya"}, ["moq"] = {"Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"}, ["mor"] = {"Moro"}, ["mos"] = {"Mossi"}, ["mot"] = {"Barí"}, ["mou"] = {"Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Moi (Congo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Machinere"}, ["mpe"] = {"Majang"}, ["mpg"] = {"Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Wangkajunga"}, ["mpk"] = {"Mbara (Chad)"}, ["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"}, ["mpm"] = {"Yosondúa Mixtec"}, ["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpy"] = {"Mapia"}, ["mpz"] = {"Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonesia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Mbelime"}, ["mqm"] = {"South Marquesan"}, ["mqn"] = {"Moronene"}, ["mqo"] = {"Modole"}, ["mqp"] = {"Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Minokok"}, ["mqr"] = {"Mander"}, ["mqs"] = {"West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"}, ["mqy"] = {"Manggarai"}, ["mqz"] = {"Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Marino"}, ["mrc"] = {"Maricopa"}, ["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"}, ["mrf"] = {"Elseng"}, ["mrg"] = {"Mising"}, ["mrh"] = {"Mara Chin"}, ["mrj"] = {"Western Mari"}, ["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Morouas"}, ["mrq"] = {"North Marquesan"}, ["mrr"] = {"Maria (India)"}, ["mrs"] = {"Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Marghi Central"}, ["mru"] = {"Mono (Cameroon)"}, ["mrv"] = {"Mangareva"}, ["mrw"] = {"Maranao"}, ["mrx"] = {"Maremgi", "Dineor"}, ["mry"] = {"Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Marind"}, ["msb"] = {"Masbatenyo"}, ["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msd"] = {"Yucatec Maya Sign Language"}, ["mse"] = {"Musey"}, ["msf"] = {"Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Mansaka"}, ["msl"] = {"Molof", "Poule"}, ["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Caac"}, ["msr"] = {"Mongolian Sign Language"}, ["mss"] = {"West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Mualang"}, ["mte"] = {"Mono (Solomon Islands)"}, ["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Mator"}, ["mtn"] = {"Matagalpa"}, ["mto"] = {"Totontepec Mixe"}, ["mtp"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"}, ["mtq"] = {"Muong"}, ["mtr"] = {"Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mue"] = {"Media Lengua"}, ["mug"] = {"Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Mugom"}, ["mul"] = {"Multiple languages"}, ["mum"] = {"Maiwala"}, ["mun"] = {"Munda languages"}, ["muo"] = {"Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mur"] = {"Murle"}, ["mus"] = {"Creek"}, ["mut"] = {"Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Muyang"}, ["muz"] = {"Mursi"}, ["mva"] = {"Manam"}, ["mvb"] = {"Mattole"}, ["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"}, ["mvi"] = {"Miyako"}, ["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Marau"}, ["mvs"] = {"Massep"}, ["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Marfa"}, ["mvv"] = {"Tagal Murut"}, ["mvw"] = {"Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"}, ["mwa"] = {"Mwatebu"}, ["mwb"] = {"Juwal"}, ["mwc"] = {"Are"}, ["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"}, ["mwm"] = {"Sar"}, ["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"}, ["mwr"] = {"Marwari"}, ["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Mittu"}, ["mwv"] = {"Mentawai"}, ["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxb"] = {"Tezoatlán Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"}, ["mxi"] = {"Mozarabic"}, ["mxj"] = {"Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"}, ["mxk"] = {"Monumbo"}, ["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"Moi (Indonesia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Mada (Cameroon)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Mayeka"}, ["mye"] = {"Myene"}, ["myf"] = {"Bambassi"}, ["myg"] = {"Manta"}, ["myh"] = {"Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Moma"}, ["mym"] = {"Me'en"}, ["myn"] = {"Mayan languages"}, ["myo"] = {"Anfillo"}, ["myp"] = {"Pirahã"}, ["myr"] = {"Muniche"}, ["mys"] = {"Mesmes"}, ["myu"] = {"Mundurukú"}, ["myv"] = {"Erzya"}, ["myw"] = {"Muyuw"}, ["myx"] = {"Masaaba"}, ["myy"] = {"Macuna"}, ["myz"] = {"Classical Mandaic"}, ["mza"] = {"Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"}, ["mzb"] = {"Tumzabt"}, ["mzc"] = {"Madagascar Sign Language"}, ["mzd"] = {"Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Monastic Sign Language"}, ["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzm"] = {"Mumuye"}, ["mzn"] = {"Mazanderani"}, ["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"}, ["mzp"] = {"Movima"}, ["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"}, ["mzr"] = {"Marúbo"}, ["mzs"] = {"Macanese"}, ["mzt"] = {"Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Deg"}, ["mzx"] = {"Mawayana"}, ["mzy"] = {"Mozambican Sign Language"}, ["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"}, ["naa"] = {"Namla"}, ["nab"] = {"Southern Nambikuára"}, ["nac"] = {"Narak"}, ["nae"] = {"Naka'ela"}, ["naf"] = {"Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"}, ["nah"] = {"Nahuatl languages"}, ["nai"] = {"North American Indian languages"}, ["naj"] = {"Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Nalik"}, ["nam"] = {"Ngan'gityemerri"}, ["nan"] = {"Min Nan Chinese"}, ["nao"] = {"Naaba"}, ["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"}, ["naq"] = {"Khoekhoe", "Nama (Namibia)"}, ["nar"] = {"Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["naw"] = {"Nawuri"}, ["nax"] = {"Nakwi"}, ["nay"] = {"Ngarrindjeri"}, ["naz"] = {"Coatepec Nahuatl"}, ["nba"] = {"Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"}, ["nbg"] = {"Nagarchal"}, ["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Namibian Sign Language"}, ["nbt"] = {"Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Ningera"}, ["nca"] = {"Iyo"}, ["ncb"] = {"Central Nicobarese"}, ["ncc"] = {"Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Nachering"}, ["nce"] = {"Yale"}, ["ncf"] = {"Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"}, ["nch"] = {"Central Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nci"] = {"Classical Nahuatl"}, ["ncj"] = {"Northern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["nck"] = {"Na-kara"}, ["ncl"] = {"Michoacán Nahuatl"}, ["ncm"] = {"Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Ncane"}, ["ncs"] = {"Nicaraguan Sign Language"}, ["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"}, ["ncx"] = {"Central Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["ncz"] = {"Natchez"}, ["nda"] = {"Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndc"] = {"Ndau"}, ["ndd"] = {"Nde-Nsele-Nta"}, ["ndf"] = {"Nadruvian"}, ["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"}, ["nds"] = {"Low German", "Low Saxon"}, ["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"}, ["nea"] = {"Eastern Ngad'a"}, ["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"}, ["nei"] = {"Neo-Hittite"}, ["nej"] = {"Neko"}, ["nek"] = {"Neku"}, ["nem"] = {"Nemi"}, ["nen"] = {"Nengone"}, ["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Nete"}, ["neu"] = {"Neo"}, ["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"}, ["new"] = {"Newari", "Nepal Bhasa"}, ["nex"] = {"Neme"}, ["ney"] = {"Neyo"}, ["nez"] = {"Nez Perce"}, ["nfa"] = {"Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfr"] = {"Nafaanra"}, ["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Central African Republic)"}, ["nge"] = {"Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Trans-New Guinea languages"}, ["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngh"] = {"Nǁng"}, ["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"}, ["ngm"] = {"Ngatik Men's Creole"}, ["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"}, ["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngu"] = {"Guerrero Nahuatl"}, ["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"}, ["ngx"] = {"Nggwahyi"}, ["ngy"] = {"Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Beng"}, ["nhc"] = {"Tabasco Nahuatl"}, ["nhd"] = {"Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"}, ["nhe"] = {"Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"}, ["nhg"] = {"Tetelcingo Nahuatl"}, ["nhh"] = {"Nahari"}, ["nhi"] = {"Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"}, ["nhk"] = {"Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"}, ["nhm"] = {"Morelos Nahuatl"}, ["nhn"] = {"Central Nahuatl"}, ["nho"] = {"Takuu"}, ["nhp"] = {"Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Naro"}, ["nht"] = {"Ometepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhu"] = {"Noone"}, ["nhv"] = {"Temascaltepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhw"] = {"Western Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhx"] = {"Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhy"] = {"Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"}, ["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nia"] = {"Nias"}, ["nib"] = {"Nakame"}, ["nic"] = {"Niger-Kordofanian languages"}, ["nid"] = {"Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nil"] = {"Nila"}, ["nim"] = {"Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Ninzo"}, ["nio"] = {"Nganasan"}, ["niq"] = {"Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niu"] = {"Niuean"}, ["niv"] = {"Gilyak"}, ["niw"] = {"Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"}, ["njo"] = {"Ao Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkc"] = {"Nkongho"}, ["nkd"] = {"Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Nkami"}, ["nkr"] = {"Nukuoro"}, ["nks"] = {"North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"East Nyala"}, ["nlg"] = {"Gela"}, ["nli"] = {"Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"}, ["nll"] = {"Nihali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"}, ["nlo"] = {"Ngul"}, ["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"}, ["nlu"] = {"Nchumbulu"}, ["nlv"] = {"Orizaba Nahuatl"}, ["nlw"] = {"Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"}, ["nma"] = {"Maram Naga"}, ["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Ngam"}, ["nmd"] = {"Ndumu"}, ["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmg"] = {"Kwasio"}, ["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Central African Republic)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Manangba"}, ["nmn"] = {"ǃXóõ"}, ["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"}, ["nna"] = {"Nyangumarta"}, ["nnb"] = {"Nande"}, ["nnc"] = {"Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Narungga"}, ["nnt"] = {"Nanticoke"}, ["nnu"] = {"Dwang"}, ["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"}, ["noa"] = {"Woun Meu"}, ["noc"] = {"Nuk"}, ["nod"] = {"Northern Thai"}, ["noe"] = {"Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Nomane"}, ["nog"] = {"Nogai"}, ["noh"] = {"Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Noiri"}, ["noj"] = {"Nonuya"}, ["nok"] = {"Nooksack"}, ["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"}, ["nom"] = {"Nocamán"}, ["non"] = {"Old Norse"}, ["nop"] = {"Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Ngongo"}, ["nos"] = {"Eastern Nisu"}, ["not"] = {"Nomatsiguenga"}, ["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"}, ["nov"] = {"Novial"}, ["now"] = {"Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"N'Ko", "N’Ko"}, ["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqt"] = {"Nteng"}, ["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Ngom"}, ["nrb"] = {"Nara"}, ["nrc"] = {"Noric"}, ["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrf"] = {"Jèrriais", "Guernésiais"}, ["nrg"] = {"Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Narom"}, ["nrn"] = {"Norn"}, ["nrp"] = {"North Picene"}, ["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Nigerian Sign Language"}, ["nsk"] = {"Naskapi"}, ["nsl"] = {"Norwegian Sign Language"}, ["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Nehan"}, ["nso"] = {"Pedi", "Northern Sotho", "Sepedi"}, ["nsp"] = {"Nepalese Sign Language"}, ["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Maritime Sign Language"}, ["nss"] = {"Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"}, ["nsu"] = {"Sierra Negra Nahuatl"}, ["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"}, ["nsy"] = {"Nasal"}, ["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"}, ["nte"] = {"Nathembo"}, ["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Nateni"}, ["nto"] = {"Ntomba"}, ["ntp"] = {"Northern Tepehuan"}, ["ntr"] = {"Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Yuanga"}, ["nub"] = {"Nubian languages"}, ["nuc"] = {"Nukuini"}, ["nud"] = {"Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"}, ["nui"] = {"Ngumbi"}, ["nuj"] = {"Nyole"}, ["nuk"] = {"Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"}, ["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"}, ["nuz"] = {"Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"}, ["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"}, ["nwa"] = {"Nawathinehena"}, ["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"}, ["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"}, ["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"}, ["nww"] = {"Ndwewe"}, ["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["nxe"] = {"Nage"}, ["nxg"] = {"Ngad'a"}, ["nxi"] = {"Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Nafri"}, ["nyb"] = {"Nyangbo"}, ["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"}, ["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"}, ["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"}, ["nzi"] = {"Nzima"}, ["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"}, ["nzs"] = {"New Zealand Sign Language"}, ["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Orok"}, ["oac"] = {"Oroch"}, ["oar"] = {"Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"}, ["oav"] = {"Old Avar"}, ["obi"] = {"Obispeño"}, ["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"}, ["obl"] = {"Oblo"}, ["obm"] = {"Moabite"}, ["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"}, ["obr"] = {"Old Burmese"}, ["obt"] = {"Old Breton"}, ["obu"] = {"Obulom"}, ["oca"] = {"Ocaina"}, ["och"] = {"Old Chinese"}, ["ocm"] = {"Old Cham"}, ["oco"] = {"Old Cornish"}, ["ocu"] = {"Atzingo Matlatzinca"}, ["oda"] = {"Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Od"}, ["odt"] = {"Old Dutch"}, ["odu"] = {"Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Ofo"}, ["ofs"] = {"Old Frisian"}, ["ofu"] = {"Efutop"}, ["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"}, ["oge"] = {"Old Georgian"}, ["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"}, ["oht"] = {"Old Hittite"}, ["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"}, ["oia"] = {"Oirata"}, ["oie"] = {"Okolie"}, ["oin"] = {"Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojp"] = {"Old Japanese"}, ["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"}, ["oka"] = {"Okanagan"}, ["okb"] = {"Okobo"}, ["okc"] = {"Kobo"}, ["okd"] = {"Okodia"}, ["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["oki"] = {"Okiek"}, ["okj"] = {"Oko-Juwoi"}, ["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Old Kentish Sign Language"}, ["okm"] = {"Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)"}, ["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["oko"] = {"Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"}, ["okr"] = {"Kirike"}, ["oks"] = {"Oko-Eni-Osayen"}, ["oku"] = {"Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["okz"] = {"Old Khmer"}, ["ola"] = {"Walungge"}, ["old"] = {"Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Olrat"}, ["olt"] = {"Old Lithuanian"}, ["olu"] = {"Kuvale"}, ["oma"] = {"Omaha-Ponca"}, ["omb"] = {"East Ambae"}, ["omc"] = {"Mochica"}, ["omg"] = {"Omagua"}, ["omi"] = {"Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Ombo"}, ["omn"] = {"Minoan"}, ["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Oto-Manguean languages"}, ["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Omotik"}, ["omu"] = {"Omurano"}, ["omv"] = {"Omotic languages"}, ["omw"] = {"South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Old Mon"}, ["omy"] = {"Old Malay"}, ["ona"] = {"Ona"}, ["onb"] = {"Lingao"}, ["one"] = {"Oneida"}, ["ong"] = {"Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"}, ["ono"] = {"Onondaga"}, ["onp"] = {"Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Unua"}, ["onw"] = {"Old Nubian"}, ["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["ood"] = {"Tohono O'odham"}, ["oog"] = {"Ong"}, ["oon"] = {"Önge"}, ["oor"] = {"Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"}, ["opm"] = {"Oksapmin"}, ["opo"] = {"Opao"}, ["opt"] = {"Opata"}, ["opy"] = {"Ofayé"}, ["ora"] = {"Oroha"}, ["orc"] = {"Orma"}, ["ore"] = {"Orejón"}, ["org"] = {"Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Oroqen"}, ["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Orokolo"}, ["orr"] = {"Oruma"}, ["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Ormuri"}, ["orv"] = {"Old Russian"}, ["orw"] = {"Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Oro"}, ["ory"] = {"Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"}, ["orz"] = {"Ormu"}, ["osa"] = {"Osage"}, ["osc"] = {"Oscan"}, ["osi"] = {"Osing"}, ["osn"] = {"Old Sundanese"}, ["oso"] = {"Ososo"}, ["osp"] = {"Old Spanish"}, ["ost"] = {"Osatu"}, ["osu"] = {"Southern One"}, ["osx"] = {"Old Saxon"}, ["ota"] = {"Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)"}, ["otb"] = {"Old Tibetan"}, ["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"}, ["ote"] = {"Mezquital Otomi"}, ["oti"] = {"Oti"}, ["otk"] = {"Old Turkish"}, ["otl"] = {"Tilapa Otomi"}, ["otm"] = {"Eastern Highland Otomi"}, ["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"}, ["oto"] = {"Otomian languages"}, ["otq"] = {"Querétaro Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Otoro"}, ["ots"] = {"Estado de México Otomi"}, ["ott"] = {"Temoaya Otomi"}, ["otu"] = {"Otuke"}, ["otw"] = {"Ottawa"}, ["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oty"] = {"Old Tamil"}, ["otz"] = {"Ixtenco Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Oune"}, ["oui"] = {"Old Uighur"}, ["oum"] = {"Ouma"}, ["ovd"] = {"Elfdalian", "Övdalian"}, ["owi"] = {"Owiniga"}, ["owl"] = {"Old Welsh"}, ["oyb"] = {"Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Oyda"}, ["oym"] = {"Wayampi"}, ["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"}, ["paa"] = {"Papuan languages"}, ["pab"] = {"Parecís"}, ["pac"] = {"Pacoh"}, ["pad"] = {"Paumarí"}, ["pae"] = {"Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Paranawát"}, ["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"}, ["pah"] = {"Tenharim"}, ["pai"] = {"Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Parakanã"}, ["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Pampanga", "Kapampangan"}, ["pao"] = {"Northern Paiute"}, ["pap"] = {"Papiamento"}, ["paq"] = {"Parya"}, ["par"] = {"Panamint", "Timbisha"}, ["pas"] = {"Papasena"}, ["pau"] = {"Palauan"}, ["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"}, ["paw"] = {"Pawnee"}, ["pax"] = {"Pankararé"}, ["pay"] = {"Pech"}, ["paz"] = {"Pankararú"}, ["pbb"] = {"Páez"}, ["pbc"] = {"Patamona"}, ["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbg"] = {"Paraujano"}, ["pbh"] = {"E'ñapa Woromaipu"}, ["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigeria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"}, ["pcd"] = {"Picard"}, ["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Paniya"}, ["pch"] = {"Pardhan"}, ["pci"] = {"Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Parenga"}, ["pck"] = {"Paite Chin"}, ["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Piti"}, ["pcp"] = {"Pacahuara"}, ["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Anam"}, ["pdc"] = {"Pennsylvania German"}, ["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdo"] = {"Padoe"}, ["pdt"] = {"Plautdietsch"}, ["pdu"] = {"Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonesian"}, ["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pee"] = {"Taje"}, ["pef"] = {"Northeastern Pomo"}, ["peg"] = {"Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Bonan"}, ["pei"] = {"Chichimeca-Jonaz"}, ["pej"] = {"Northern Pomo"}, ["pek"] = {"Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Phende"}, ["peo"] = {"Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"}, ["pep"] = {"Kunja"}, ["peq"] = {"Southern Pomo"}, ["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"}, ["pev"] = {"Pémono"}, ["pex"] = {"Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Petjo"}, ["pez"] = {"Eastern Penan"}, ["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Pere"}, ["pfl"] = {"Pfaelzisch"}, ["pga"] = {"Sudanese Creole Arabic"}, ["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"}, ["pgi"] = {"Pagi"}, ["pgk"] = {"Rerep"}, ["pgl"] = {"Primitive Irish"}, ["pgn"] = {"Paelignian"}, ["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Pagu"}, ["pgz"] = {"Papua New Guinean Sign Language"}, ["pha"] = {"Pa-Hng"}, ["phd"] = {"Phudagi"}, ["phg"] = {"Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Phukha"}, ["phi"] = {"Philippine languages"}, ["phj"] = {"Pahari"}, ["phk"] = {"Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Phimbi"}, ["phn"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["pho"] = {"Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"}, ["pia"] = {"Pima Bajo"}, ["pib"] = {"Yine"}, ["pic"] = {"Pinji"}, ["pid"] = {"Piaroa"}, ["pie"] = {"Piro"}, ["pif"] = {"Pingelapese"}, ["pig"] = {"Pisabo"}, ["pih"] = {"Pitcairn-Norfolk"}, ["pij"] = {"Pijao"}, ["pil"] = {"Yom"}, ["pim"] = {"Powhatan"}, ["pin"] = {"Piame"}, ["pio"] = {"Piapoco"}, ["pip"] = {"Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"}, ["piu"] = {"Pintupi-Luritja"}, ["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"}, ["pix"] = {"Piu"}, ["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"}, ["piz"] = {"Pije"}, ["pjt"] = {"Pitjantjatjara"}, ["pka"] = {"Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"}, ["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkc"] = {"Paekche"}, ["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Pökoot"}, ["pkp"] = {"Pukapuka"}, ["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Pakistan Sign Language"}, ["pkt"] = {"Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"}, ["pld"] = {"Polari"}, ["ple"] = {"Palu'e"}, ["plf"] = {"Central Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["plg"] = {"Pilagá"}, ["plh"] = {"Paulohi"}, ["plj"] = {"Polci"}, ["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"}, ["pln"] = {"Palenquero"}, ["plo"] = {"Oluta Popoluca"}, ["plq"] = {"Palaic"}, ["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"}, ["pls"] = {"San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"}, ["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plu"] = {"Palikúr"}, ["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"}, ["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"}, ["pml"] = {"Lingua Franca"}, ["pmm"] = {"Pomo"}, ["pmn"] = {"Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Pom"}, ["pmq"] = {"Northern Pame"}, ["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"}, ["pms"] = {"Piemontese"}, ["pmt"] = {"Tuamotuan"}, ["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Papuan Malay"}, ["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnb"] = {"Western Panjabi"}, ["pnc"] = {"Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Pangu", "Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Penrhyn"}, ["pni"] = {"Aoheng"}, ["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"}, ["pnk"] = {"Paunaka"}, ["pnl"] = {"Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pno"] = {"Panobo"}, ["pnp"] = {"Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Panim"}, ["pns"] = {"Ponosakan"}, ["pnt"] = {"Pontic"}, ["pnu"] = {"Jiongnai Bunu"}, ["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"}, ["pny"] = {"Pinyin"}, ["pnz"] = {"Pana (Central African Republic)"}, ["poc"] = {"Poqomam"}, ["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Poke"}, ["pog"] = {"Potiguára"}, ["poh"] = {"Poqomchi'"}, ["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Pokangá"}, ["pom"] = {"Southeastern Pomo"}, ["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"}, ["poo"] = {"Central Pomo"}, ["pop"] = {"Pwapwâ"}, ["poq"] = {"Texistepec Popoluca"}, ["pos"] = {"Sayula Popoluca"}, ["pot"] = {"Potawatomi"}, ["pov"] = {"Upper Guinea Crioulo"}, ["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["pox"] = {"Polabian"}, ["poy"] = {"Pogolo"}, ["poz"] = {"Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["ppe"] = {"Papi"}, ["ppi"] = {"Paipai"}, ["ppk"] = {"Uma"}, ["ppl"] = {"Pipil", "Nicarao"}, ["ppm"] = {"Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Western Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pra"] = {"Prakrit languages"}, ["prc"] = {"Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"}, ["pre"] = {"Principense"}, ["prf"] = {"Paranan"}, ["prg"] = {"Prussian"}, ["prh"] = {"Porohanon"}, ["pri"] = {"Paicî"}, ["prk"] = {"Parauk"}, ["prl"] = {"Peruvian Sign Language"}, ["prm"] = {"Kibiri"}, ["prn"] = {"Prasuni"}, ["pro"] = {"Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"}, ["prp"] = {"Parsi"}, ["prq"] = {"Ashéninka Perené"}, ["prr"] = {"Puri"}, ["prs"] = {"Dari", "Afghan Persian"}, ["prt"] = {"Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Purik"}, ["prz"] = {"Providencia Sign Language"}, ["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Iranian Sign Language", "Persian Sign Language"}, ["psd"] = {"Plains Indian Sign Language"}, ["pse"] = {"Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Penang Sign Language"}, ["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Puerto Rican Sign Language"}, ["psm"] = {"Pauserna"}, ["psn"] = {"Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Polish Sign Language"}, ["psp"] = {"Philippine Sign Language"}, ["psq"] = {"Pasi"}, ["psr"] = {"Portuguese Sign Language"}, ["pss"] = {"Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Central Pashto"}, ["psu"] = {"Sauraseni Prākrit"}, ["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"}, ["psy"] = {"Piscataway"}, ["pta"] = {"Pai Tavytera"}, ["pth"] = {"Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"}, ["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Pathiya"}, ["pua"] = {"Western Highland Purepecha"}, ["pub"] = {"Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"}, ["pue"] = {"Puelche"}, ["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Phuie"}, ["pui"] = {"Puinave"}, ["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"}, ["pum"] = {"Puma"}, ["puo"] = {"Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Pulabu"}, ["puq"] = {"Puquina"}, ["pur"] = {"Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Putoh"}, ["puu"] = {"Punu"}, ["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Molbog"}, ["pwn"] = {"Paiwan"}, ["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"}, ["pys"] = {"Paraguayan Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"}, ["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"}, ["pyx"] = {"Pyu (Myanmar)"}, ["pyy"] = {"Pyen"}, ["pzh"] = {"Pazeh"}, ["pzn"] = {"Jejara Naga", "Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Quapaw"}, ["qub"] = {"Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"}, ["quc"] = {"K'iche'", "Quiché"}, ["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["quf"] = {"Lambayeque Quechua"}, ["qug"] = {"Chimborazo Highland Quichua"}, ["quh"] = {"South Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qui"] = {"Quileute"}, ["quk"] = {"Chachapoyas Quechua"}, ["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qum"] = {"Sipacapense"}, ["qun"] = {"Quinault"}, ["qup"] = {"Southern Pastaza Quechua"}, ["quq"] = {"Quinqui"}, ["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["qus"] = {"Santiago del Estero Quichua"}, ["quv"] = {"Sacapulteco"}, ["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qux"] = {"Yauyos Quechua"}, ["quy"] = {"Ayacucho Quechua"}, ["quz"] = {"Cusco Quechua"}, ["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qvc"] = {"Cajamarca Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvi"] = {"Imbabura Highland Quichua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvl"] = {"Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"}, ["qvm"] = {"Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"}, ["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvp"] = {"Pacaraos Quechua"}, ["qvs"] = {"San Martín Quechua"}, ["qvw"] = {"Huaylla Wanca Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwa"] = {"Corongo Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwc"] = {"Classical Quechua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (family)"}, ["qwh"] = {"Huaylas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwm"] = {"Kuman (Russia)"}, ["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwt"] = {"Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"}, ["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxp"] = {"Puno Quechua"}, ["qxq"] = {"Qashqa'i"}, ["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["qxw"] = {"Jauja Wanca Quechua"}, ["qya"] = {"Quenya"}, ["qyp"] = {"Quiripi"}, ["raa"] = {"Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"}, ["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"}, ["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Rao"}, ["rap"] = {"Rapanui"}, ["raq"] = {"Saam"}, ["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Cook Islands Maori"}, ["ras"] = {"Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Rang"}, ["ray"] = {"Rapa"}, ["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"}, ["rcf"] = {"Réunion Creole French"}, ["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Rerau"}, ["reb"] = {"Rembong"}, ["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Reshe"}, ["ret"] = {"Retta"}, ["rey"] = {"Reyesano"}, ["rga"] = {"Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"}, ["rgn"] = {"Romagnol"}, ["rgr"] = {"Resígaro"}, ["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"}, ["rhg"] = {"Rohingya"}, ["rhp"] = {"Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"}, ["rib"] = {"Bribri Sign Language"}, ["rif"] = {"Tarifit"}, ["ril"] = {"Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"}, ["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"}, ["riu"] = {"Riung"}, ["rjg"] = {"Rajong"}, ["rji"] = {"Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Kraol"}, ["rkb"] = {"Rikbaktsa"}, ["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"}, ["rma"] = {"Rama"}, ["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"}, ["rmc"] = {"Carpathian Romani"}, ["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"}, ["rme"] = {"Angloromani"}, ["rmf"] = {"Kalo Finnish Romani"}, ["rmg"] = {"Traveller Norwegian"}, ["rmh"] = {"Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Romkun"}, ["rml"] = {"Baltic Romani"}, ["rmm"] = {"Roma"}, ["rmn"] = {"Balkan Romani"}, ["rmo"] = {"Sinte Romani"}, ["rmp"] = {"Rempi"}, ["rmq"] = {"Caló"}, ["rms"] = {"Romanian Sign Language"}, ["rmt"] = {"Domari"}, ["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Romanova"}, ["rmw"] = {"Welsh Romani"}, ["rmx"] = {"Romam"}, ["rmy"] = {"Vlax Romani"}, ["rmz"] = {"Marma"}, ["rnb"] = {"Brunca Sign Language"}, ["rnd"] = {"Ruund"}, ["rng"] = {"Ronga"}, ["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"}, ["roa"] = {"Romance languages"}, ["rob"] = {"Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Ronji"}, ["rof"] = {"Rombo"}, ["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"}, ["rol"] = {"Romblomanon"}, ["rom"] = {"Romany"}, ["roo"] = {"Rotokas"}, ["rop"] = {"Kriol"}, ["ror"] = {"Rongga"}, ["rou"] = {"Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Ririo"}, ["rro"] = {"Waima"}, ["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Romano-Serbian"}, ["rsk"] = {"Ruthenian", "Rusyn"}, ["rsl"] = {"Russian Sign Language"}, ["rsm"] = {"Miriwoong Sign Language"}, ["rsn"] = {"Rwandan Sign Language"}, ["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"}, ["rth"] = {"Ratahan"}, ["rtm"] = {"Rotuman"}, ["rts"] = {"Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"}, ["rue"] = {"Rusyn"}, ["ruf"] = {"Luguru"}, ["rug"] = {"Roviana"}, ["ruh"] = {"Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Che"}, ["ruo"] = {"Istro Romanian"}, ["rup"] = {"Macedo-Romanian", "Aromanian", "Arumanian"}, ["ruq"] = {"Megleno Romanian"}, ["rut"] = {"Rutul"}, ["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigeria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Rwa"}, ["rwl"] = {"Ruwila"}, ["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["rys"] = {"Yaeyama"}, ["ryu"] = {"Central Okinawan"}, ["rzh"] = {"Rāziḥī"}, ["saa"] = {"Saba"}, ["sab"] = {"Buglere"}, ["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"}, ["sad"] = {"Sandawe"}, ["sae"] = {"Sabanê"}, ["saf"] = {"Safaliba"}, ["sah"] = {"Yakut"}, ["sai"] = {"South American Indian languages"}, ["saj"] = {"Sahu"}, ["sak"] = {"Sake"}, ["sal"] = {"Salishan languages"}, ["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["sao"] = {"Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Saraveca"}, ["sas"] = {"Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Santali"}, ["sau"] = {"Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Sawi"}, ["sax"] = {"Sa"}, ["say"] = {"Saya"}, ["saz"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["sba"] = {"Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbi"] = {"Seti"}, ["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbv"] = {"Sabine"}, ["sbw"] = {"Simba"}, ["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Chut"}, ["sce"] = {"Dongxiang"}, ["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Sadri"}, ["scl"] = {"Shina"}, ["scn"] = {"Sicilian"}, ["sco"] = {"Scots"}, ["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Sa'och"}, ["scs"] = {"North Slavey"}, ["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Sha"}, ["scx"] = {"Sicel"}, ["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Shabak"}, ["sdc"] = {"Sassarese Sardinian"}, ["sde"] = {"Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Southern Kurdish"}, ["sdj"] = {"Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Saudi Arabian Sign Language"}, ["sdn"] = {"Gallurese Sardinian"}, ["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Sened"}, ["sdt"] = {"Shuadit"}, ["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Eastern Sudanic languages"}, ["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Sechelt"}, ["sed"] = {"Sedang"}, ["see"] = {"Seneca"}, ["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Sena"}, ["sei"] = {"Seri"}, ["sej"] = {"Sene"}, ["sek"] = {"Sekani"}, ["sel"] = {"Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Semitic languages"}, ["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"}, ["ser"] = {"Serrano"}, ["ses"] = {"Koyraboro Senni Songhai"}, ["set"] = {"Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "French Belgian Sign Language"}, ["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfs"] = {"South African Sign Language"}, ["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"}, ["sga"] = {"Old Irish (to 900)"}, ["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"}, ["sgd"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sge"] = {"Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Swiss-German Sign Language"}, ["sgh"] = {"Shughni"}, ["sgi"] = {"Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Singa"}, ["sgn"] = {"Sign languages"}, ["sgp"] = {"Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"}, ["sgs"] = {"Samogitian"}, ["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Sierra Leone Sign Language"}, ["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"}, ["shb"] = {"Ninam"}, ["shc"] = {"Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Shua"}, ["shh"] = {"Shoshoni"}, ["shi"] = {"Tachelhit"}, ["shj"] = {"Shatt"}, ["shk"] = {"Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"}, ["shn"] = {"Shan"}, ["sho"] = {"Shanga"}, ["shp"] = {"Shipibo-Conibo"}, ["shq"] = {"Sala"}, ["shr"] = {"Shi"}, ["shs"] = {"Shuswap"}, ["sht"] = {"Shasta"}, ["shu"] = {"Chadian Arabic"}, ["shv"] = {"Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"She"}, ["shy"] = {"Tachawit"}, ["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sia"] = {"Akkala Sami"}, ["sib"] = {"Sebop"}, ["sid"] = {"Sidamo"}, ["sie"] = {"Simaa"}, ["sif"] = {"Siamou"}, ["sig"] = {"Paasaal"}, ["sih"] = {"Zire", "Sîshëë"}, ["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sio"] = {"Siouan languages"}, ["sip"] = {"Sikkimese"}, ["siq"] = {"Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Siri"}, ["sis"] = {"Siuslaw"}, ["sit"] = {"Sino-Tibetan languages"}, ["siu"] = {"Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Sumau"}, ["siy"] = {"Sivandi"}, ["siz"] = {"Siwi"}, ["sja"] = {"Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"}, ["sjd"] = {"Kildin Sami"}, ["sje"] = {"Pite Sami"}, ["sjg"] = {"Assangori"}, ["sjk"] = {"Kemi Sami"}, ["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Mapun"}, ["sjn"] = {"Sindarin"}, ["sjo"] = {"Xibe"}, ["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"}, ["sjt"] = {"Ter Sami"}, ["sju"] = {"Ume Sami"}, ["sjw"] = {"Shawnee"}, ["ska"] = {"Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Sikule"}, ["ski"] = {"Sika"}, ["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Sininkere"}, ["skr"] = {"Saraiki", "Seraiki"}, ["sks"] = {"Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Sekar"}, ["sla"] = {"Slavic languages"}, ["slc"] = {"Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Swiss-Italian Sign Language"}, ["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["sli"] = {"Lower Silesian"}, ["slj"] = {"Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"}, ["sln"] = {"Salinan"}, ["slp"] = {"Lamaholot"}, ["slq"] = {"Salchuq"}, ["slr"] = {"Salar"}, ["sls"] = {"Singapore Sign Language"}, ["slt"] = {"Sila"}, ["slu"] = {"Selaru"}, ["slw"] = {"Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"}, ["sma"] = {"Southern Sami"}, ["smb"] = {"Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Som"}, ["smf"] = {"Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Samei"}, ["smi"] = {"Sami languages"}, ["smj"] = {"Lule Sami"}, ["smk"] = {"Bolinao"}, ["sml"] = {"Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Musasa"}, ["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"}, ["smp"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["smq"] = {"Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Simeulue"}, ["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"}, ["smt"] = {"Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Simeku"}, ["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"}, ["snk"] = {"Soninke"}, ["snl"] = {"Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"So (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Songomeno"}, ["sog"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["soh"] = {"Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Solos"}, ["son"] = {"Songhai languages"}, ["soo"] = {"Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"}, ["sov"] = {"Sonsorol"}, ["sow"] = {"Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Miyobe"}, ["soz"] = {"Temi"}, ["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonesia)"}, ["spc"] = {"Sapé"}, ["spd"] = {"Saep"}, ["spe"] = {"Sepa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["spg"] = {"Sian"}, ["spi"] = {"Saponi"}, ["spk"] = {"Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spq"] = {"Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, ["spr"] = {"Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spx"] = {"South Picene"}, ["spy"] = {"Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Shau"}, ["sqj"] = {"Albanian languages"}, ["sqk"] = {"Albanian Sign Language"}, ["sqm"] = {"Suma"}, ["sqn"] = {"Susquehannock"}, ["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Sou"}, ["sqr"] = {"Siculo Arabic"}, ["sqs"] = {"Sri Lankan Sign Language"}, ["sqt"] = {"Soqotri"}, ["squ"] = {"Squamish"}, ["sqx"] = {"Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL)"}, ["sra"] = {"Saruga"}, ["srb"] = {"Sora"}, ["src"] = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, ["sre"] = {"Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Sulod"}, ["srh"] = {"Sarikoli"}, ["sri"] = {"Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"}, ["srl"] = {"Isirawa"}, ["srm"] = {"Saramaccan"}, ["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"}, ["sro"] = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, ["srq"] = {"Sirionó"}, ["srr"] = {"Serer"}, ["srs"] = {"Sarsi"}, ["srt"] = {"Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srw"] = {"Serua"}, ["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssa"] = {"Nilo-Saharan languages"}, ["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Seimat"}, ["ssh"] = {"Shihhi Arabic"}, ["ssi"] = {"Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Western Sisaala"}, ["ssm"] = {"Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Sissano"}, ["ssp"] = {"Spanish Sign Language"}, ["ssq"] = {"So'a"}, ["ssr"] = {"Swiss-French Sign Language"}, ["sss"] = {"Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"}, ["ssy"] = {"Saho"}, ["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"}, ["std"] = {"Sentinel"}, ["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"}, ["stf"] = {"Seta"}, ["stg"] = {"Trieng"}, ["sth"] = {"Shelta"}, ["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Stoney"}, ["stp"] = {"Southeastern Tepehuan"}, ["stq"] = {"Saterfriesisch"}, ["str"] = {"Straits Salish"}, ["sts"] = {"Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Silt'e"}, ["stw"] = {"Satawalese"}, ["sty"] = {"Siberian Tatar"}, ["sua"] = {"Sulka"}, ["sub"] = {"Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Shubi"}, ["suk"] = {"Sukuma"}, ["suo"] = {"Bouni"}, ["suq"] = {"Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"}, ["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"}, ["sus"] = {"Susu"}, ["sut"] = {"Subtiaba"}, ["suv"] = {"Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"}, ["sux"] = {"Sumerian"}, ["suy"] = {"Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Sunwar"}, ["sva"] = {"Svan"}, ["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"}, ["sve"] = {"Serili"}, ["svk"] = {"Slovakian Sign Language"}, ["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Savosavo"}, ["svx"] = {"Skalvian"}, ["swb"] = {"Maore Comorian"}, ["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Sere"}, ["swg"] = {"Swabian"}, ["swh"] = {"Swahili (individual language)", "Kiswahili"}, ["swi"] = {"Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Swedish Sign Language"}, ["swm"] = {"Samosa"}, ["swn"] = {"Sawknah"}, ["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Sharwa"}, ["swr"] = {"Saweru"}, ["sws"] = {"Seluwasan"}, ["swt"] = {"Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Sowa"}, ["swx"] = {"Suruahá"}, ["swy"] = {"Sarua"}, ["sxb"] = {"Suba"}, ["sxc"] = {"Sicanian"}, ["sxe"] = {"Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxk"] = {"Southern Kalapuya"}, ["sxl"] = {"Selian"}, ["sxm"] = {"Samre"}, ["sxn"] = {"Sangir"}, ["sxo"] = {"Sorothaptic"}, ["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"}, ["sxu"] = {"Upper Saxon"}, ["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"}, ["syc"] = {"Classical Syriac"}, ["syd"] = {"Samoyedic languages"}, ["syi"] = {"Seki"}, ["syk"] = {"Sukur"}, ["syl"] = {"Sylheti"}, ["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Suoy"}, ["syr"] = {"Syriac"}, ["sys"] = {"Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"}, ["sza"] = {"Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"}, ["szd"] = {"Seru"}, ["sze"] = {"Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Sengele"}, ["szl"] = {"Silesian"}, ["szn"] = {"Sula"}, ["szp"] = {"Suabo"}, ["szs"] = {"Solomon Islands Sign Language"}, ["szv"] = {"Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"}, ["taa"] = {"Lower Tanana"}, ["tab"] = {"Tabassaran"}, ["tac"] = {"Lowland Tarahumara"}, ["tad"] = {"Tause"}, ["tae"] = {"Tariana"}, ["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Tagoi"}, ["tai"] = {"Tai languages"}, ["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Tangale"}, ["tao"] = {"Yami"}, ["tap"] = {"Taabwa"}, ["taq"] = {"Tamasheq"}, ["tar"] = {"Central Tarahumara"}, ["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"}, ["tau"] = {"Upper Tanana"}, ["tav"] = {"Tatuyo"}, ["taw"] = {"Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Tamki"}, ["tay"] = {"Atayal"}, ["taz"] = {"Tocho"}, ["tba"] = {"Aikanã"}, ["tbc"] = {"Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Tibeto-Burman languages"}, ["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbu"] = {"Tubar"}, ["tbv"] = {"Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"}, ["tca"] = {"Ticuna"}, ["tcb"] = {"Tanacross"}, ["tcc"] = {"Datooga"}, ["tcd"] = {"Tafi"}, ["tce"] = {"Southern Tutchone"}, ["tcf"] = {"Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"}, ["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcm"] = {"Tanahmerah"}, ["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"T'en"}, ["tcu"] = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"}, ["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcx"] = {"Toda"}, ["tcy"] = {"Tulu"}, ["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tdd"] = {"Tai Nüa"}, ["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Sur"}, ["tdm"] = {"Taruma"}, ["tdn"] = {"Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"}, ["tee"] = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"}, ["tef"] = {"Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"}, ["teh"] = {"Tehuelche"}, ["tei"] = {"Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"}, ["tem"] = {"Timne"}, ["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Teso"}, ["tep"] = {"Tepecano"}, ["teq"] = {"Temein"}, ["ter"] = {"Tereno"}, ["tes"] = {"Tengger"}, ["tet"] = {"Tetum"}, ["teu"] = {"Soo"}, ["tev"] = {"Teor"}, ["tew"] = {"Tewa (USA)"}, ["tex"] = {"Tennet"}, ["tey"] = {"Tulishi"}, ["tez"] = {"Tetserret"}, ["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfn"] = {"Tanaina"}, ["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"}, ["tfr"] = {"Teribe"}, ["tft"] = {"Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"}, ["tgv"] = {"Tingui-Boto"}, ["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgx"] = {"Tagish"}, ["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thf"] = {"Thangmi"}, ["thh"] = {"Northern Tarahumara"}, ["thi"] = {"Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"}, ["thp"] = {"Thompson"}, ["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"}, ["ths"] = {"Thakali"}, ["tht"] = {"Tahltan"}, ["thu"] = {"Thuri"}, ["thv"] = {"Tahaggart Tamahaq"}, ["thy"] = {"Tha"}, ["thz"] = {"Tayart Tamajeq"}, ["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Tifal"}, ["tig"] = {"Tigre"}, ["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"}, ["tii"] = {"Tiene"}, ["tij"] = {"Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Tikar"}, ["til"] = {"Tillamook"}, ["tim"] = {"Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Teop"}, ["tip"] = {"Trimuris"}, ["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tit"] = {"Tinigua"}, ["tiu"] = {"Adasen"}, ["tiv"] = {"Tiv"}, ["tiw"] = {"Tiwi"}, ["tix"] = {"Southern Tiwa"}, ["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"}, ["tjm"] = {"Timucua"}, ["tjn"] = {"Tonjon"}, ["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"}, ["tka"] = {"Truká"}, ["tkb"] = {"Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["tkm"] = {"Takelma"}, ["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Tee"}, ["tkr"] = {"Tsakhur"}, ["tks"] = {"Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlb"] = {"Tobelo"}, ["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Telefol"}, ["tlg"] = {"Tofanma"}, ["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Tlingit"}, ["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Tetela"}, ["tlm"] = {"Tolomako"}, ["tln"] = {"Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlu"] = {"Tulehu"}, ["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"}, ["tlx"] = {"Khehek"}, ["tly"] = {"Talysh"}, ["tma"] = {"Tama (Chad)"}, ["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Haruai"}, ["tme"] = {"Tremembé"}, ["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"}, ["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"}, ["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"}, ["tmj"] = {"Samarokena"}, ["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {"Taman (Indonesia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"}, ["tmr"] = {"Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)"}, ["tms"] = {"Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Tami"}, ["tmz"] = {"Tamanaku"}, ["tna"] = {"Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"}, ["tnc"] = {"Tanimuca-Retuarã"}, ["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Maiani"}, ["tni"] = {"Tandia"}, ["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"}, ["tnm"] = {"Tabla"}, ["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"}, ["tnq"] = {"Taino"}, ["tnr"] = {"Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"}, ["tnv"] = {"Tangchangya"}, ["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Tanema"}, ["tny"] = {"Tongwe"}, ["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"}, ["tob"] = {"Toba"}, ["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Gizrra"}, ["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["toh"] = {"Gitonga"}, ["toi"] = {"Tonga (Zambia)"}, ["toj"] = {"Tojolabal"}, ["tok"] = {"Toki Pona"}, ["tol"] = {"Tolowa"}, ["tom"] = {"Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["top"] = {"Papantla Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"}, ["tow"] = {"Jemez"}, ["tox"] = {"Tobian"}, ["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Taupota"}, ["tpc"] = {"Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"}, ["tpe"] = {"Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Kula"}, ["tpi"] = {"Tok Pisin"}, ["tpj"] = {"Tapieté"}, ["tpk"] = {"Tupinikin"}, ["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"}, ["tpn"] = {"Tupinambá"}, ["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"}, ["tpp"] = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"}, ["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"}, ["tpt"] = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"}, ["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"}, ["tpw"] = {"Tupí"}, ["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpy"] = {"Trumai"}, ["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"}, ["tqb"] = {"Tembé"}, ["tql"] = {"Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Touo"}, ["tqw"] = {"Tonkawa"}, ["tra"] = {"Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Terebu"}, ["trc"] = {"Copala Triqui"}, ["trd"] = {"Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Trinidadian Creole English"}, ["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Toram"}, ["trk"] = {"Turkic languages"}, ["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"}, ["trm"] = {"Tregami"}, ["trn"] = {"Trinitario"}, ["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"}, ["trq"] = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"}, ["trr"] = {"Taushiro"}, ["trs"] = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"}, ["trt"] = {"Tunggare"}, ["tru"] = {"Turoyo", "Surayt"}, ["trv"] = {"Sediq", "Seediq", "Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Tswa"}, ["tsd"] = {"Tsakonian"}, ["tse"] = {"Tunisian Sign Language"}, ["tsg"] = {"Tausug"}, ["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"}, ["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"}, ["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsm"] = {"Turkish Sign Language", "Türk İşaret Dili"}, ["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Thai Sign Language"}, ["tsr"] = {"Akei"}, ["tss"] = {"Taiwan Sign Language"}, ["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Tebul Sign Language"}, ["tsz"] = {"Purepecha"}, ["tta"] = {"Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Gaa"}, ["ttc"] = {"Tektiteko"}, ["ttd"] = {"Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Tooro"}, ["ttk"] = {"Totoro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Totela"}, ["ttm"] = {"Northern Tutchone"}, ["ttn"] = {"Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"}, ["ttq"] = {"Tawallammat Tamajaq"}, ["ttr"] = {"Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttt"] = {"Muslim Tat"}, ["ttu"] = {"Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"}, ["tty"] = {"Sikaritai"}, ["ttz"] = {"Tsum"}, ["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"}, ["tub"] = {"Tübatulabal"}, ["tuc"] = {"Mutu"}, ["tud"] = {"Tuxá"}, ["tue"] = {"Tuyuca"}, ["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Taulil"}, ["tui"] = {"Tupuri"}, ["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Tula"}, ["tum"] = {"Tumbuka"}, ["tun"] = {"Tunica"}, ["tuo"] = {"Tucano"}, ["tup"] = {"Tupi languages"}, ["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"}, ["tus"] = {"Tuscarora"}, ["tut"] = {"Altaic languages"}, ["tuu"] = {"Tututni"}, ["tuv"] = {"Turkana"}, ["tuw"] = {"Tungus languages"}, ["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"}, ["tve"] = {"Te'un"}, ["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvl"] = {"Tuvalu"}, ["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"}, ["tvx"] = {"Taivoan"}, ["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"}, ["twa"] = {"Twana"}, ["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonesia)"}, ["twf"] = {"Northern Tiwa"}, ["twg"] = {"Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Ere"}, ["twq"] = {"Tasawaq"}, ["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"}, ["txb"] = {"Tokharian B"}, ["txc"] = {"Tsetsaut"}, ["txe"] = {"Totoli"}, ["txg"] = {"Tangut"}, ["txh"] = {"Thracian"}, ["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Tomini"}, ["txn"] = {"West Tarangan"}, ["txo"] = {"Toto"}, ["txq"] = {"Tii"}, ["txr"] = {"Tartessian"}, ["txs"] = {"Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Citak"}, ["txu"] = {"Kayapó"}, ["txx"] = {"Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Kua"}, ["tyv"] = {"Tuvinian"}, ["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyy"] = {"Tiyaa"}, ["tyz"] = {"Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"}, ["tzh"] = {"Tzeltal"}, ["tzj"] = {"Tz'utujil"}, ["tzl"] = {"Talossan"}, ["tzm"] = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"}, ["tzn"] = {"Tugun"}, ["tzo"] = {"Tzotzil"}, ["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"}, ["uam"] = {"Uamué"}, ["uan"] = {"Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Ubang"}, ["ubi"] = {"Ubi"}, ["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uby"] = {"Ubykh"}, ["uda"] = {"Uda"}, ["ude"] = {"Udihe"}, ["udg"] = {"Muduga"}, ["udi"] = {"Udi"}, ["udj"] = {"Ujir"}, ["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"}, ["udm"] = {"Udmurt"}, ["udu"] = {"Uduk"}, ["ues"] = {"Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Ufim"}, ["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Ughele"}, ["ugh"] = {"Kubachi"}, ["ugn"] = {"Ugandan Sign Language"}, ["ugo"] = {"Ugong"}, ["ugy"] = {"Uruguayan Sign Language"}, ["uha"] = {"Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Ukrainian Sign Language"}, ["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"}, ["uks"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language", "Kaapor Sign Language"}, ["uku"] = {"Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"}, ["ulc"] = {"Ulch"}, ["ule"] = {"Lule"}, ["ulf"] = {"Usku", "Afra"}, ["uli"] = {"Ulithian"}, ["ulk"] = {"Meriam Mir"}, ["ull"] = {"Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"}, ["uln"] = {"Unserdeutsch"}, ["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"}, ["ulw"] = {"Ulwa"}, ["uma"] = {"Umatilla"}, ["umb"] = {"Umbundu"}, ["umc"] = {"Marrucinian"}, ["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Pendau"}, ["umu"] = {"Munsee"}, ["una"] = {"North Watut"}, ["und"] = {"Undetermined"}, ["une"] = {"Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"}, ["uni"] = {"Uni"}, ["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unm"] = {"Unami"}, ["unn"] = {"Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"}, ["uon"] = {"Kulon"}, ["upi"] = {"Umeda"}, ["upv"] = {"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"}, ["ura"] = {"Urarina"}, ["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Urningangg"}, ["ure"] = {"Uru"}, ["urf"] = {"Uradhi"}, ["urg"] = {"Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Urim"}, ["urj"] = {"Uralic languages"}, ["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Urimo"}, ["ury"] = {"Orya"}, ["urz"] = {"Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"}, ["usa"] = {"Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Usaghade"}, ["usp"] = {"Uspanteco"}, ["uss"] = {"us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Otank"}, ["ute"] = {"Ute-Southern Paiute"}, ["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"}, ["utp"] = {"Amba (Solomon Islands)"}, ["utr"] = {"Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Utu"}, ["uum"] = {"Urum"}, ["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uuu"] = {"U"}, ["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Vagla"}, ["vah"] = {"Varhadi-Nagpuri"}, ["vai"] = {"Vai"}, ["vaj"] = {"Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"}, ["val"] = {"Vehes"}, ["vam"] = {"Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"}, ["var"] = {"Huarijio"}, ["vas"] = {"Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"}, ["vec"] = {"Venetian"}, ["ved"] = {"Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["veo"] = {"Ventureño"}, ["vep"] = {"Veps"}, ["ver"] = {"Mom Jango"}, ["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Flemish Sign Language"}, ["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Viemo"}, ["vil"] = {"Vilela"}, ["vin"] = {"Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Iduna"}, ["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"}, ["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"}, ["vkk"] = {"Kaur"}, ["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"}, ["vkn"] = {"Koro Nulu"}, ["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"}, ["vkp"] = {"Korlai Creole Portuguese"}, ["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Kurrama"}, ["vkz"] = {"Koro Zuba"}, ["vlp"] = {"Valpei"}, ["vls"] = {"Vlaams"}, ["vma"] = {"Martuyhunira"}, ["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Mainfränkisch"}, ["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Marenje"}, ["vms"] = {"Moksela"}, ["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"}, ["vmv"] = {"Valley Maidu"}, ["vmw"] = {"Makhuwa"}, ["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vmz"] = {"Mazatlán Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Voro"}, ["vot"] = {"Votic"}, ["vra"] = {"Vera'a"}, ["vro"] = {"Võro"}, ["vrs"] = {"Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Moldova Sign Language"}, ["vsl"] = {"Venezuelan Sign Language"}, ["vsv"] = {"Valencian Sign Language", "Llengua de signes valenciana"}, ["vto"] = {"Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Wamesa", "Wondama"}, ["wae"] = {"Walser"}, ["waf"] = {"Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Waffa"}, ["wak"] = {"Wakashan languages"}, ["wal"] = {"Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"}, ["wam"] = {"Wampanoag"}, ["wan"] = {"Wan"}, ["wao"] = {"Wappo"}, ["wap"] = {"Wapishana"}, ["waq"] = {"Wagiman"}, ["war"] = {"Waray (Philippines)"}, ["was"] = {"Washo"}, ["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"}, ["wau"] = {"Waurá"}, ["wav"] = {"Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"}, ["way"] = {"Wayana"}, ["waz"] = {"Wampur"}, ["wba"] = {"Warao"}, ["wbb"] = {"Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"}, ["wbk"] = {"Waigali"}, ["wbl"] = {"Wakhi"}, ["wbm"] = {"Wa"}, ["wbp"] = {"Warlpiri"}, ["wbq"] = {"Waddar"}, ["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"West Bengal Sign Language"}, ["wbt"] = {"Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"}, ["wdt"] = {"Wendat"}, ["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"}, ["wen"] = {"Sorbian languages"}, ["weo"] = {"Wemale"}, ["wep"] = {"Westphalien"}, ["wer"] = {"Weri"}, ["wes"] = {"Cameroon Pidgin"}, ["wet"] = {"Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"}, ["wic"] = {"Wichita"}, ["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"}, ["win"] = {"Ho-Chunk"}, ["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Vitu"}, ["wiy"] = {"Wiyot"}, ["wja"] = {"Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Waioli"}, ["wlk"] = {"Wailaki"}, ["wll"] = {"Wali (Sudan)"}, ["wlm"] = {"Middle Welsh"}, ["wlo"] = {"Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"}, ["wls"] = {"Wallisian"}, ["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigeria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Wambule"}, ["wmg"] = {"Western Minyag"}, ["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonesia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["wms"] = {"Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Wanambre"}, ["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Usan"}, ["wnw"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Wolani"}, ["woe"] = {"Woleaian"}, ["wof"] = {"Gambian Wolof"}, ["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigeria)"}, ["won"] = {"Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Weyto"}, ["wpc"] = {"Maco"}, ["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wrh"] = {"Wiradjuri"}, ["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Waropen"}, ["wrr"] = {"Wardaman"}, ["wrs"] = {"Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"}, ["wrx"] = {"Wae Rana"}, ["wry"] = {"Merwari"}, ["wrz"] = {"Waray (Australia)"}, ["wsa"] = {"Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"}, ["wti"] = {"Berta"}, ["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"}, ["wub"] = {"Wunambal"}, ["wud"] = {"Wudu"}, ["wuh"] = {"Wutunhua"}, ["wul"] = {"Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Wutung"}, ["wuu"] = {"Wu Chinese"}, ["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Wawa"}, ["wxa"] = {"Waxianghua"}, ["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"}, ["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyi"] = {"Woiwurrung"}, ["wym"] = {"Wymysorys"}, ["wyn"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["wyr"] = {"Wayoró"}, ["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"}, ["xaa"] = {"Andalusian Arabic"}, ["xab"] = {"Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Kachari"}, ["xad"] = {"Adai"}, ["xae"] = {"Aequian"}, ["xag"] = {"Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"}, ["xak"] = {"Máku"}, ["xal"] = {"Kalmyk", "Oirat"}, ["xam"] = {"ǀXam"}, ["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Apalachee"}, ["xaq"] = {"Aquitanian"}, ["xar"] = {"Karami"}, ["xas"] = {"Kamas"}, ["xat"] = {"Katawixi"}, ["xau"] = {"Kauwera"}, ["xav"] = {"Xavánte"}, ["xaw"] = {"Kawaiisu"}, ["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbc"] = {"Bactrian"}, ["xbd"] = {"Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"}, ["xbm"] = {"Middle Breton"}, ["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"}, ["xbo"] = {"Bolgarian"}, ["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Kambera"}, ["xbw"] = {"Kambiwá"}, ["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcb"] = {"Cumbric"}, ["xcc"] = {"Camunic"}, ["xce"] = {"Celtiberian"}, ["xcg"] = {"Cisalpine Gaulish"}, ["xch"] = {"Chemakum", "Chimakum"}, ["xcl"] = {"Classical Armenian"}, ["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"}, ["xcn"] = {"Cotoname"}, ["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["xcr"] = {"Carian"}, ["xct"] = {"Classical Tibetan"}, ["xcu"] = {"Curonian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"}, ["xcw"] = {"Coahuilteco"}, ["xcy"] = {"Cayuse"}, ["xda"] = {"Darkinyung"}, ["xdc"] = {"Dacian"}, ["xdk"] = {"Dharuk"}, ["xdm"] = {"Edomite"}, ["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"}, ["xdq"] = {"Kaitag"}, ["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"}, ["xeb"] = {"Eblan"}, ["xed"] = {"Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Kesawai"}, ["xet"] = {"Xetá"}, ["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xfa"] = {"Faliscan"}, ["xga"] = {"Galatian"}, ["xgb"] = {"Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Gudang"}, ["xgf"] = {"Gabrielino-Fernandeño"}, ["xgg"] = {"Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"}, ["xgl"] = {"Galindan"}, ["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Mongolian languages"}, ["xgr"] = {"Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Guwa"}, ["xha"] = {"Harami"}, ["xhc"] = {"Hunnic"}, ["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"}, ["xhm"] = {"Middle Khmer (1400 to 1850 CE)"}, ["xhr"] = {"Hernican"}, ["xht"] = {"Hattic"}, ["xhu"] = {"Hurrian"}, ["xhv"] = {"Khua"}, ["xib"] = {"Iberian"}, ["xii"] = {"Xiri"}, ["xil"] = {"Illyrian"}, ["xin"] = {"Xinca"}, ["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Kisan"}, ["xiv"] = {"Indus Valley Language"}, ["xiy"] = {"Xipaya"}, ["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"}, ["xka"] = {"Kalkoti"}, ["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Kenyan Sign Language"}, ["xkj"] = {"Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Kachok", "Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"}, ["xkt"] = {"Kantosi"}, ["xku"] = {"Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Loup B"}, ["xlc"] = {"Lycian"}, ["xld"] = {"Lydian"}, ["xle"] = {"Lemnian"}, ["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (Ancient)"}, ["xli"] = {"Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Loup A"}, ["xlp"] = {"Lepontic"}, ["xls"] = {"Lusitanian"}, ["xlu"] = {"Cuneiform Luwian"}, ["xly"] = {"Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"}, ["xme"] = {"Median"}, ["xmf"] = {"Mingrelian"}, ["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Majera"}, ["xmk"] = {"Ancient Macedonian"}, ["xml"] = {"Malaysian Sign Language"}, ["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xmr"] = {"Meroitic"}, ["xms"] = {"Moroccan Sign Language"}, ["xmt"] = {"Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Salawati", "Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"}, ["xna"] = {"Ancient North Arabian"}, ["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Na-Dene languages"}, ["xng"] = {"Middle Mongolian"}, ["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"}, ["xnj"] = {"Ngoni (Tanzania)"}, ["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"}, ["xno"] = {"Anglo-Norman"}, ["xnq"] = {"Ngoni (Mozambique)"}, ["xnr"] = {"Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Kanashi"}, ["xnt"] = {"Narragansett"}, ["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Soga"}, ["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"}, ["xok"] = {"Xokleng"}, ["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xon"] = {"Konkomba"}, ["xoo"] = {"Xukurú"}, ["xop"] = {"Kopar"}, ["xor"] = {"Korubo"}, ["xow"] = {"Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Southeast Tasmanian", "Nuenonne"}, ["xpg"] = {"Phrygian"}, ["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpi"] = {"Pictish"}, ["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"}, ["xpo"] = {"Pochutec"}, ["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpq"] = {"Mohegan-Pequot"}, ["xpr"] = {"Parthian"}, ["xps"] = {"Pisidian"}, ["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"}, ["xpu"] = {"Punic"}, ["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpy"] = {"Puyo"}, ["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrm"] = {"Armazic"}, ["xrn"] = {"Arin"}, ["xrr"] = {"Raetic"}, ["xrt"] = {"Aranama-Tamique"}, ["xru"] = {"Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Karawa"}, ["xsa"] = {"Sabaean"}, ["xsb"] = {"Sambal"}, ["xsc"] = {"Scythian"}, ["xsd"] = {"Sidetic"}, ["xse"] = {"Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Subi"}, ["xsl"] = {"South Slavey"}, ["xsm"] = {"Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigeria)"}, ["xso"] = {"Solano"}, ["xsp"] = {"Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xsr"] = {"Sherpa"}, ["xss"] = {"Assan"}, ["xsu"] = {"Sanumá"}, ["xsv"] = {"Sudovian"}, ["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"}, ["xta"] = {"Alcozauca Mixtec"}, ["xtb"] = {"Chazumba Mixtec"}, ["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Ketengban"}, ["xtg"] = {"Transalpine Gaulish"}, ["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtl"] = {"Tijaltepec Mixtec"}, ["xtm"] = {"Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xto"] = {"Tokharian A"}, ["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Umiida"}, ["xug"] = {"Kunigami"}, ["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Ngunawal", "Nunukul"}, ["xum"] = {"Umbrian"}, ["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Kuo"}, ["xup"] = {"Upper Umpqua"}, ["xur"] = {"Urartian"}, ["xut"] = {"Kuthant"}, ["xuu"] = {"Kxoe", "Khwedam"}, ["xve"] = {"Venetic"}, ["xvi"] = {"Kamviri"}, ["xvn"] = {"Vandalic"}, ["xvo"] = {"Volscian"}, ["xvs"] = {"Vestinian"}, ["xwa"] = {"Kwaza"}, ["xwc"] = {"Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwg"] = {"Kwegu"}, ["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"}, ["xwk"] = {"Wangkumara"}, ["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxk"] = {"Ke'o"}, ["xxm"] = {"Minkin"}, ["xxr"] = {"Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzm"] = {"Zemgalian"}, ["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yad"] = {"Yagua"}, ["yae"] = {"Pumé"}, ["yaf"] = {"Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["yag"] = {"Yámana"}, ["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"}, ["yai"] = {"Yagnobi"}, ["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Yamba"}, ["yan"] = {"Mayangna"}, ["yao"] = {"Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Yapese"}, ["yaq"] = {"Yaqui"}, ["yar"] = {"Yabarana"}, ["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Cameroon)"}, ["yat"] = {"Yambeta"}, ["yau"] = {"Yuwana"}, ["yav"] = {"Yangben"}, ["yaw"] = {"Yawalapití"}, ["yax"] = {"Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"}, ["ybh"] = {"Yakha"}, ["ybi"] = {"Yamphu"}, ["ybj"] = {"Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"}, ["ycn"] = {"Yucuna"}, ["ycp"] = {"Chepya"}, ["yda"] = {"Yanda"}, ["ydd"] = {"Eastern Yiddish"}, ["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Ravula"}, ["yec"] = {"Yeniche"}, ["yee"] = {"Yimas"}, ["yei"] = {"Yeni"}, ["yej"] = {"Yevanic"}, ["yel"] = {"Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Yolŋu Sign Language"}, ["ygu"] = {"Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"}, ["yhd"] = {"Judeo-Iraqi Arabic"}, ["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language"}, ["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"}, ["yih"] = {"Western Yiddish"}, ["yii"] = {"Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"}, ["yim"] = {"Yimchungru Naga"}, ["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Azhe"}, ["yka"] = {"Yakan"}, ["ykg"] = {"Northern Yukaghir"}, ["yki"] = {"Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"}, ["yko"] = {"Yasa"}, ["ykr"] = {"Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"}, ["yle"] = {"Yele"}, ["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Maay"}, ["ymn"] = {"Yamna", "Sunum"}, ["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Malasar"}, ["yms"] = {"Mysian"}, ["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Aluo"}, ["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Yango"}, ["ynk"] = {"Naukan Yupik"}, ["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"}, ["ynn"] = {"Yana"}, ["yno"] = {"Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yns"] = {"Yansi"}, ["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Yogad"}, ["yoi"] = {"Yonaguni"}, ["yok"] = {"Yokuts"}, ["yol"] = {"Yola"}, ["yom"] = {"Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Phupha"}, ["ypk"] = {"Yupik languages"}, ["ypm"] = {"Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Yerakai"}, ["yrb"] = {"Yareba"}, ["yre"] = {"Yaouré"}, ["yrk"] = {"Nenets"}, ["yrl"] = {"Nhengatu"}, ["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Yugoslavian Sign Language"}, ["ysm"] = {"Myanmar Sign Language"}, ["ysn"] = {"Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"}, ["ysr"] = {"Sirenik Yupik"}, ["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Yatay"}, ["yua"] = {"Yucateco", "Yucatec Maya"}, ["yub"] = {"Yugambal"}, ["yuc"] = {"Yuchi"}, ["yud"] = {"Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic"}, ["yue"] = {"Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"}, ["yuf"] = {"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"}, ["yug"] = {"Yug"}, ["yui"] = {"Yurutí"}, ["yuj"] = {"Karkar-Yuri"}, ["yuk"] = {"Yuki"}, ["yul"] = {"Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigeria)"}, ["yup"] = {"Yukpa"}, ["yuq"] = {"Yuqui"}, ["yur"] = {"Yurok"}, ["yut"] = {"Yopno"}, ["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yuy"] = {"East Yugur"}, ["yuz"] = {"Yuracare"}, ["yva"] = {"Yawa"}, ["yvt"] = {"Yavitero"}, ["ywa"] = {"Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"}, ["ywn"] = {"Yawanawa"}, ["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"}, ["yxg"] = {"Yagara"}, ["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zad"] = {"Cajonos Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Zangwal"}, ["zai"] = {"Isthmus Zapotec"}, ["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zap"] = {"Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zat"] = {"Tabaa Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zaw"] = {"Mitla Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zay"] = {"Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"}, ["zaz"] = {"Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Batui"}, ["zbu"] = {"Bu (Bauchi State)"}, ["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zcd"] = {"Las Delicias Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Ngazidja Comorian"}, ["zea"] = {"Zeeuws"}, ["zeg"] = {"Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zen"] = {"Zenaga"}, ["zga"] = {"Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Standard Moroccan Tamazight"}, ["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Magori"}, ["zhb"] = {"Zhaba"}, ["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Zhire"}, ["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Chinese (family)"}, ["zia"] = {"Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Zimbabwe Sign Language"}, ["zik"] = {"Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkb"] = {"Koibal"}, ["zkd"] = {"Kadu"}, ["zkg"] = {"Koguryo"}, ["zkh"] = {"Khorezmian"}, ["zkk"] = {"Karankawa"}, ["zkn"] = {"Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"}, ["zkt"] = {"Kitan"}, ["zku"] = {"Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Khazar"}, ["zla"] = {"Zula"}, ["zle"] = {"East Slavic languages"}, ["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"South Slavic languages"}, ["zlw"] = {"West Slavic languages"}, ["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"}, ["zmo"] = {"Molo"}, ["zmp"] = {"Mpuono"}, ["zmq"] = {"Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"}, ["znd"] = {"Zande languages"}, ["zne"] = {"Zande (individual language)"}, ["zng"] = {"Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Mangas"}, ["zoc"] = {"Copainalá Zoque"}, ["zoh"] = {"Chimalapa Zoque"}, ["zom"] = {"Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zoq"] = {"Tabasco Zoque"}, ["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"}, ["zos"] = {"Francisco León Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpq"] = {"Zoogocho Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpu"] = {"Yalálag Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpw"] = {"Zaniza Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"}, ["zro"] = {"Záparo"}, ["zrp"] = {"Zarphatic"}, ["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Zambian Sign Language"}, ["zsm"] = {"Standard Malay"}, ["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zua"] = {"Zeem"}, ["zuh"] = {"Tokano"}, ["zum"] = {"Kumzari"}, ["zun"] = {"Zuni"}, ["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"}, ["zwa"] = {"Zay"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zyp"] = {"Zyphe Chin"}, ["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"}, ["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"} } local deprecated = { ["in"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["iw"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["ji"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["jw"] = {"Javanese"}, ["mo"] = {"Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["aam"] = {"Aramanik"}, ["adp"] = {"Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"}, ["ajt"] = {"Judeo-Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aoh"] = {"Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Babalia Creole Arabic"}, ["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"}, ["bic"] = {"Bikaru"}, ["bij"] = {"Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"}, ["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Finallig"}, ["blg"] = {"Balau"}, ["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"}, ["btb"] = {"Beti (Cameroon)"}, ["btl"] = {"Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["byy"] = {"Buya"}, ["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Coyaima"}, ["cqu"] = {"Chilean Quechua"}, ["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cum"] = {"Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"}, ["dgu"] = {"Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["dzd"] = {"Daza"}, ["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Gelao"}, ["gji"] = {"Geji"}, ["gli"] = {"Guliguli"}, ["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jar"] = {"Jarawa (Nigeria)"}, ["jeg"] = {"Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Krim"}, ["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"}, ["kxu"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["kzh"] = {"Kenuzi-Dongola"}, ["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigeria)"}, ["lba"] = {"Lui"}, ["leg"] = {"Lengua"}, ["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"}, ["lno"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"}, ["lsg"] = {"Lyons Sign Language"}, ["meg"] = {"Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mvm"] = {"Muya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"}, ["myd"] = {"Maramba"}, ["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nbx"] = {"Ngura"}, ["ncp"] = {"Ndaktup"}, ["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"}, ["nln"] = {"Durango Nahuatl"}, ["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Ngong"}, ["noo"] = {"Nootka"}, ["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"}, ["pat"] = {"Papitalai"}, ["pbz"] = {"Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"}, ["pii"] = {"Pini"}, ["plp"] = {"Palpa"}, ["pmc"] = {"Palumata"}, ["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Pao"}, ["ppr"] = {"Piru"}, ["prb"] = {"Lua'"}, ["pry"] = {"Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Rennellese Sign Language"}, ["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Sok"}, ["smd"] = {"Sama"}, ["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"}, ["snh"] = {"Shinabo"}, ["sul"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sum"] = {"Sumo-Mayangna"}, ["svr"] = {"Savara"}, ["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"The"}, ["tid"] = {"Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"}, ["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Tomedes"}, ["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Uokha"}, ["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"}, ["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wit"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wra"] = {"Warapu"}, ["wrd"] = {"Warduji"}, ["wya"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brazil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"}, ["xkh"] = {"Karahawyana"}, ["xrq"] = {"Karranga"}, ["xtz"] = {"Tasmanian"}, ["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Yiddish Sign Language"}, ["yen"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yiy"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yma"] = {"Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["ynh"] = {"Yangho"}, ["yos"] = {"Yos"}, ["yri"] = {"Yarí"}, ["yuu"] = {"Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Ziriya"} } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } 3dw61n2xdw1ukq69wsfogug87txm1ss 828 10913 83978 2022-05-19T05:06:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana languages/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of an IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. The table in this module was created using the awb script at [[User:Trappist_the_monk/IANA_subtag_registry_file_update|IANA subtag registry file update]] or by [[Module:Language/data/iana languages/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run one of the tools on a new data file). The data in this table come from records that are not 'Deprecated', do not have a 'Preferred-Value', and are not 'Private use'. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 4n7epawfijhtzhng7vvyhyxyua9fiz1 10 10914 83979 2022-05-19T05:07:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Var wikitext text/x-wiki <var {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-right: 1px;{{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1ph0r212s7cz1dvg2q4quotqwsozpa8 10 10915 83980 2022-05-19T05:08:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Var/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|VAR|variable}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{high-use| 6000 }} ==Usage== This template is to help facilitate the displaying of variable names (in mathematics, computer source code, wikimarkup in template documentation, metasyntactic variables, etc.) with the [[Semantic HTML|semantically correct]] {{tag|var}} tags, which also renders the variable in italics, as is customary. This method is preferred to simply italicizing for many reasons, including [[WP:Accessibility|accessibility]], [[separation of presentation and content]], [[semantic Web]], and [[WP:METADATA|metadata]]; In [[XHTML]] and [[HTML]], the {{tag|var|o}} element has semantic meaning, while simple italicization does not. This template provides a tiny hint of [[kerning]] to compensate for the italicization and enhance readability. "Variable" in this sense may include arbitrary or unknown names or terms, examples of human input, arithmetical variables in equations, etc. This template (and the underlying XHTML) are generally {{em|not}} used if MediaWiki's {{tag|math}} tags (or any other stand-alone mathematical markup) are being used. ===Examples=== ; Example: : {{block indent|{{tlxb|var|username}}}} : outputs the following HTML: : {{block indent|'''{{tag|var|content=username}}'''}} :which renders as: : {{block indent|{{var|username}}}} Note that on the screen or in print, this renders as simple italicization, as does {{code|inline=y|<nowiki>''username''</nowiki>}} (using pairs of apostrophes) or {{tag|i|content=username}} (using HTML), yet it carries more semantic meaning than either of these methods. At times, you may wish to use a serif font. This is especially true when attempting to render single-letter variables like "I" (upper-case "i") and "l" (lower-case "L"), since they are nearly indistinguishable (if at all). In such situations, use the {{tlx|varserif}} template instead of {{tnull|var}}, to make them more distinguishable, like these serif examples: {{varserif|I}}, {{varserif|l}}. ; More examples: <div style="background:#FFFFFF;"> {{Markup | <nowiki>The HTML code: {{block indent|{{tag|var|content=username}}}} renders as: {{block indent|{{var|username}}}}</nowiki> | The HTML code: {{block indent|{{tag|var|content=username}}}} renders as: {{block indent|{{var|username}}}} | <nowiki>The commandline should read: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(where {{var|hostname}} is the IP address or ...)<br />If it is correct, press {{key press|Enter}}.</nowiki> | The commandline should read: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(where {{var|hostname}} is the IP address or ...)<br />If it is correct, press {{key press|Enter}}. | <nowiki>in this equation, let {{var|x}}{{=}}1 and {{var|y}}{{=}}120 ...</nowiki> | in this equation, let {{var|x}}{{=}}1 and {{var|y}}{{=}}120 ... | <nowiki>{{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}}</nowiki> | {{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}} }} </div> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "variable", "type": "line", "required": true }, "class": { "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "ID", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS style", "type": "string" }, "lang": { "label": "language", "example": "c++", "type": "string" }, "title": { "label": "HTML title (hovertext)", "type": "string" } }, "description": "Marks text as an HTML variable" } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|mvar}} which makes the argument italic and formats as mathematics * {{tl|math}} which formats its argument as mathematics * {{tl|bigmath}}, the same as {{tl|math}} but makes it bigger {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> m4s6nhuoitmgkjzr0yesu1l6xgbgue1 10 10916 83981 2022-05-19T05:09:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:M2 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><nowiki>{{#invoke:</nowiki>[[Module:{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}]]{{#if: {{{2|}}} | <nowiki>|</nowiki>{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}} }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 89kl8zrp88j8mijh1vsu2a7td7px2fo 10 10917 83982 2022-05-19T05:09:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:M2/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This template is used to create a link to a [[Wikipedia:Lua|module]] in the formats shown below. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>m2|<var>module name</var><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>m2|<var>module name</var>|<var>function name</var><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == Examples == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>m2 | Check for unknown parameters <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{m2 | Check for unknown parameters }} <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>m2 | Check for unknown parameters | check <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> → {{m2 | Check for unknown parameters | check }} == See also == * {{t|m1}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal module-link templates]] }}</includeonly> 79z0vpa9yb2nf5yptps6bt6a2qnb6zi 10 10918 83983 2022-05-19T05:10:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Columns-list wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=div col|_alias-map=1:content|colwidth=30em}}}}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using columns-list with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Columns-list]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | class | content | colwidth | gap | rules | small | style }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ki7h464newu1szxkjg4ga08oujvxj7i 10 10919 83984 2022-05-19T05:10:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Columns-list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE END OF THIS PAGE --> {{Hatnote|{{tl|Collist}} redirects here. You may be looking for {{tl|Collapsible list}}.}} {{Tsh|cmn|collist|col-list}} {{Lua|Module:Template wrapper|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} '''Template:Columns-list''' turns a list into a list with columns. It is a wrapper for {{tl|div col}}, except it wraps the template by allowing for the content to be in the template rather than above and below. == Use == The width of each column may be specified using {{para|colwidth}} and a value in ems. <nowiki>{{</nowiki>columns-list|colwidth=''width''| ''Text (usually a list)'' <nowiki>}}</nowiki> Here, ''width'' specifies the width of the columns, and determines dynamically the number of columns based on screen width; more columns will be shown on wider displays. If {{para|colwidth}} is not specified, the default width of 30em will be used. This template uses [[CSS]]3 multiple-column layout, which is not supported by all [[WWW|Web]] [[Web&nbsp;browser|browsers]]. {{CSS3 multiple column layout}} === Examples === Here is an example: <syntaxhighlight lang=text>{{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[George Washington]] * [[John Adams]] * [[Thomas Jefferson]] * [[James Madison]] * [[James Monroe]] }}</syntaxhighlight> which would render as: {{clear}}<!-- just in case {{CSS3 multiple column layout}} pokes down this far --> {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| * [[George Washington]] * [[John Adams]] * [[Thomas Jefferson]] * [[James Madison]] * [[James Monroe]] }} HTML classes and [[CSS]] styles can also be added with the {{para|class}} and {{para|style}} parameters. For example: <syntaxhighlight lang=text>{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|class=plainlist|style=width: 600px; font-style: italic;| * [[All About Lily Chou-Chou]] * [[April Story]] * [[Hana and Alice|Hana & Alice]] * [[Hōtai Club]] * [[The Kon Ichikawa Story]] * [[Love Letter (1995 film)|Love Letter]] * [[New York, I Love You]] * [[Picnic (1996 film)|Picnic]] * [[Rainbow Song]] * [[Swallowtail (film)|Swallowtail]] }}</syntaxhighlight> which would render as: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em|class=plainlist|style=width: 600px; font-style: italic;| * [[All About Lily Chou-Chou]] * [[April Story]] * [[Hana and Alice|Hana & Alice]] * [[Hōtai Club]] * [[The Kon Ichikawa Story]] * [[Love Letter (1995 film)|Love Letter]] * [[New York, I Love You]] * [[Picnic (1996 film)|Picnic]] * [[Rainbow Song]] * [[Swallowtail (film)|Swallowtail]] }} This template also works with numbered lists as its "text". For example: <syntaxhighlight lang=text> {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| # [[George Washington]] # [[John Adams]] # [[Thomas Jefferson]] # [[James Madison]] # [[James Monroe]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{columns-list|colwidth=35em| # [[George Washington]] # [[John Adams]] # [[Thomas Jefferson]] # [[James Madison]] # [[James Monroe]] }} The template, in fact, works with ''everything'' since all it does is wrap the text provided around a block to be divided into columns by CSS. Do not stop at wikitext lists &ndash; more advanced lists generated by [[Template:HTML lists|the HTML templates]] will work too! ==Error messages== Use of the no-longer-supported parameter {{para|cols}}, or use of the first unnamed parameter (aka {{para|1}}) along with {{para|2}} or a second unnamed parameter for the template's content, will generate a red error message. To fix this error, use {{para|colwidth}} instead of attempting to specify the number of columns. The presence of an equals sign within the template's content can also cause display problems and red error messages. To fix this problem, add {{para|1}} in front of the template's content. == Redirects == * {{tl|cmn}} * {{tl|collist}} * {{tl|col-list}} * {{tl|Columnslist}} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using columns-list with unknown parameters}} (for pages in article space only) == See also == {{Column-generating template families}} {{HTML lists}} <!-- == References == {{Reflist}} --> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Multi-column templates]] [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> p3zipay1trkr0khkven5tki4dtjwz8v 10 10920 83985 2022-05-19T05:10:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nowiki template demo wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> tqcbtoi20hh04qz7tcyj9c81ibksvas 10 10921 83986 2022-05-19T05:11:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nowiki template demo/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Template test case}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> This template shows a template invocation together with a demonstration of that template's output. The template arguments are passed in once, inside {{tag|nowiki}} tags, and are used to generate both the template invocation and the template output. The demonstration can be displayed in various different formats. This template is identical to {{tl|test case nowiki}} with the {{para|showtemplate2}} and {{para|showheader}} parameters both set to "no". To see the full range of options available, please see the [[Template:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki documentation]]. == Usage == ===Basic syntax=== <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} Or {{nowiki template demo|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{<!-- template name with parameters -->}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} </pre> ===Common syntax=== The following options will work with all different test case formats. <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo | format = | collapsible = | resetRefs = | showcode = | showheader = | code = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}&lt;/nowiki&gt; }} </pre> Some test case formats accept additional parameters as well. See their sections for documentation. == Parameters == {| class="wikitable" |+ Common parameters |- ! Parameter !! Description |- | <code>code</code> or <code>1</code> || The template code, inside {{tag|nowiki}} tags. You must use the magic word "__TEMPLATENAME__" instead of the template name. For example: <code><nowiki>| code = &lt;nowiki&gt;{{__TEMPLATENAME__|first|second|foo=bar}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code>. <p>Note: due to the way nowiki tags work, the template treats the [[HTML entities]] &amp;lt;, &amp;gt; and &amp;quot; as if they were the literal characters &lt;, &gt; and &quot; when used with this parameter.</p> |- | <code>format</code> || The format to display the test cases in. This can be "default", "inline", "columns" or "rows". The inline format is for templates that can be displayed entirely on one line. If used with templates that display on multiple lines it may produce unexpected results. The "columns" and "rows" formats are intended for displaying multiple templates in a table, so they are not of much use here. See the [[Template:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki documentation]] for more information about them. |- | <code>heading1</code> || A custom heading for the template. |- | <code>showheader</code> || If this is set to "no", then no headers are shown. |- | <code>collapsible</code> || If set to "yes", the demonstration is made collapsible. It is collapsed by default. |- | <code>resetRefs</code> || If set to "yes", any references generated by the templates tested are reset after each template is expanded. |- | <code>showcode</code> || Set this to "no" to disable display of the template invocation. |} You can use {{para|collapsible|yes}} with any format to collapse it. You can set a custom title for collapsible test cases with the {{para|title}} parameter. == Examples == === Default === ====Usage==== <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap; overflow:auto; background-color:#eee;"> {{nowiki template demo|code=&lt;nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}}&lt;/nowiki>}} </pre> ====Output==== {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}}</nowiki>}} === Default, collapsible === ====Usage==== <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap; overflow:auto; background-color:#eee;"> {{nowiki template demo|collapsible=yes|&lt;nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}}&lt;/nowiki>}} </pre> ====Output==== {{nowiki template demo|collapsible=yes|<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.}}</nowiki>}} === Inline === using [[Template:3x]] ====Usage==== <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap; overflow:auto; background-color:#eee;"> {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=&lt;nowiki>{{3x|Lorem ipsum}}&lt;/nowiki>}} </pre> ====Output==== {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{3x|Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} Note: As this format starts with a bullet, a newline will always be inserted at the start of the template output due to [[phab:T14974|bug 14974]]. === Inline with nowiki output === using [[Template:URL]] ====Usage==== <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap; overflow:auto; background-color:#eee;"> {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=&lt;nowiki>{{URL | 1= http://www.example.com/path?section=17 }}&lt;/nowiki>}} </pre> ====Output==== {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{URL | 1= http://www.example.com/path?section=17 }}</nowiki>}} == Technical limitations == The template has the following known technical limitations: * An error will be generated if processing the entire page takes more than 10 seconds. This is an intentional limit in the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension that runs [[Module:Template test case]], on which this template is based. If a test cases page takes more than 10 seconds to load, you may need to split it up into different pages. * The template converts the [[HTML entities]] &amp;lt;, &amp;gt; and &amp;quot; inside template invocations to the literal characters &lt;, &gt; and &quot;. This is due to the way nowiki tags work. == See also == Similar templates: * [[Template:Demo]] and [[Template:Demo-inline]] which use [[Module:Demo]] * [[Template:Automarkup]] which uses [[Module:Automarkup]] Templates invoking [[Module:Template test case]]: * [[Template:Test case]] – a generalised test case template * [[Template:Testcase rows]] – for a table of test cases arranged in rows * [[Template:Testcase table]] – for a table of test cases arranged in columns * [[Template:Inline test case]] – for test cases with small invocations and small output * [[Template:Collapsible test case]] – for test cases collapsed by default if the results are the same <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Template test cases| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] }}</includeonly> 4ijcgwkjndyktppjdh4r3c7w0ivxrni 828 10922 83987 2022-05-19T05:11:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case Scribunto text/plain --[[ A module for generating test case templates. This module incorporates code from the English Wikipedia's "Testcase table" module,[1] written by Frietjes [2] with contributions by Mr. Stradivarius [3] and Jackmcbarn,[4] and the English Wikipedia's "Testcase rows" module,[5] written by Mr. Stradivarius. The "Testcase table" and "Testcase rows" modules are released under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License [6] and the GFDL.[7] License: CC BY-SA 3.0 and the GFDL Author: Mr. Stradivarius [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_table [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Frietjes [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mr._Stradivarius [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jackmcbarn [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_rows [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License ]] -- Load required modules local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Set constants local DATA_MODULE = 'Module:Template test case/data' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Shared methods ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(self, key, ...) -- This method is added to classes that need to deal with messages from the -- config module. local msg = self.cfg.msg[key] if select(1, ...) then return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() else return msg end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Template = {} Template.memoizedMethods = { -- Names of methods to be memoized in each object. This table should only -- hold methods with no parameters. getFullPage = true, getName = true, makeHeader = true, getOutput = true } function Template.new(invocationObj, options) local obj = {} -- Set input for k, v in pairs(options or {}) do if not Template[k] then obj[k] = v end end obj._invocation = invocationObj -- Validate input if not obj.template and not obj.title then error('no template or title specified', 2) end -- Memoize expensive method calls local memoFuncs = {} return setmetatable(obj, { __index = function (t, key) if Template.memoizedMethods[key] then local func = memoFuncs[key] if not func then local val = Template[key](t) func = function () return val end memoFuncs[key] = func end return func else return Template[key] end end }) end function Template:getFullPage() if not self.template then return self.title.prefixedText elseif self.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke' then return 'Module' .. self.template:sub(8):gsub('|.*', '') else local strippedTemplate, hasColon = self.template:gsub('^:', '', 1) hasColon = hasColon > 0 local ns = strippedTemplate:match('^(.-):') ns = ns and mw.site.namespaces[ns] if ns then return strippedTemplate elseif hasColon then return strippedTemplate -- Main namespace else return mw.site.namespaces[10].name .. ':' .. strippedTemplate end end end function Template:getName() if self.template then return self.template else return require('Module:Template invocation').name(self.title) end end function Template:makeLink(display) if display then return string.format('[[:%s|%s]]', self:getFullPage(), display) else return string.format('[[:%s]]', self:getFullPage()) end end function Template:makeBraceLink(display) display = display or self:getName() local link = self:makeLink(display) return mw.text.nowiki('{{') .. link .. mw.text.nowiki('}}') end function Template:makeHeader() return self.heading or self:makeBraceLink() end function Template:getInvocation(format) local invocation = self._invocation:getInvocation{ template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, } if format == 'code' then invocation = '<code>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</code>' elseif format == 'kbd' then invocation = '<kbd>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</kbd>' elseif format == 'plain' then invocation = mw.text.nowiki(invocation) else -- Default is pre tags invocation = mw.text.encode(invocation, '&') invocation = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. invocation .. '</pre>' invocation = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end return invocation end function Template:getOutput() local protect = require('Module:Protect') -- calling self._invocation:getOutput{...} return protect(self._invocation.getOutput)(self._invocation, { template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, }) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- TestCase class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TestCase = {} TestCase.__index = TestCase TestCase.message = message -- add the message method TestCase.renderMethods = { -- Keys in this table are values of the "format" option, values are the -- method for rendering that format. columns = 'renderColumns', rows = 'renderRows', tablerows = 'renderRows', inline = 'renderInline', cells = 'renderCells', default = 'renderDefault' } function TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TestCase) obj.cfg = cfg -- Separate general options from template options. Template options are -- numbered, whereas general options are not. local generalOptions, templateOptions = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(options) do local prefix, num if type(k) == 'string' then prefix, num = k:match('^(.-)([1-9][0-9]*)$') end if prefix then num = tonumber(num) templateOptions[num] = templateOptions[num] or {} templateOptions[num][prefix] = v else generalOptions[k] = v end end -- Set general options generalOptions.showcode = yesno(generalOptions.showcode) generalOptions.showheader = yesno(generalOptions.showheader) ~= false generalOptions.showcaption = yesno(generalOptions.showcaption) ~= false generalOptions.collapsible = yesno(generalOptions.collapsible) generalOptions.notcollapsed = yesno(generalOptions.notcollapsed) generalOptions.wantdiff = yesno(generalOptions.wantdiff) obj.options = generalOptions -- Preprocess template args for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate ~= nil then t.showtemplate = yesno(t.showtemplate) end end -- Set up first two template options tables, so that if only the -- "template3" is specified it isn't made the first template when the -- the table options array is compressed. templateOptions[1] = templateOptions[1] or {} templateOptions[2] = templateOptions[2] or {} -- Allow the "template" option to override the "template1" option for -- backwards compatibility with [[Module:Testcase table]]. if generalOptions.template then templateOptions[1].template = generalOptions.template end -- Add default template options if templateOptions[1].template and not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].template = templateOptions[1].template .. '/' .. obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage end if not templateOptions[1].template then templateOptions[1].title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().basePageTitle end if not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].title = templateOptions[1].title:subPageTitle( obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage ) end -- Remove template options for any templates where the showtemplate -- argument is false. This prevents any output for that template. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate == false then templateOptions[num] = nil end end -- Check for missing template names. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if not t.template and not t.title then error(obj:message( 'missing-template-option-error', num, num ), 2) end end -- Compress templateOptions table so we can iterate over it with ipairs. templateOptions = (function (t) local nums = {} for num in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = num end table.sort(nums) local ret = {} for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end)(templateOptions) -- Don't require the __TEMPLATENAME__ magic word for nowiki invocations if -- there is only one template being output. if #templateOptions <= 1 then templateOptions[1].requireMagicWord = false end mw.logObject(templateOptions) -- Make the template objects obj.templates = {} for i, options in ipairs(templateOptions) do table.insert(obj.templates, Template.new(invocationObj, options)) end -- Add tracking categories. At the moment we are only tracking templates -- that use any "heading" parameters or an "output" parameter. obj.categories = {} for k, v in pairs(options) do if type(k) == 'string' and k:find('heading') then obj.categories['Test cases using heading parameters'] = true elseif k == 'output' then obj.categories['Test cases using output parameter'] = true end end return obj end function TestCase:getTemplateOutput(templateObj) local output = templateObj:getOutput() if self.options.resetRefs then mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('references') end return output end function TestCase:templateOutputIsEqual() -- Returns a boolean showing whether all of the template outputs are equal. -- The random parts of strip markers (see [[Help:Strip markers]]) are -- removed before comparison. This means a strip marker can contain anything -- and still be treated as equal, but it solves the problem of otherwise -- identical wikitext not returning as exactly equal. local function normaliseOutput(obj) local out = obj:getOutput() -- Remove the random parts from strip markers. out = out:gsub('(\127\'"`UNIQ.-)%-%x+%-(QINU`"\'\127)', '%1%2') return out end local firstOutput = normaliseOutput(self.templates[1]) for i = 2, #self.templates do local output = normaliseOutput(self.templates[i]) if output ~= firstOutput then return false end end return true end function TestCase:makeCollapsible(s) local title = self.options.title or self.templates[1]:makeHeader() if self.options.titlecode then title = self.templates[1]:getInvocation('kbd') end local isEqual = self:templateOutputIsEqual() local root = mw.html.create('div') root :addClass('mw-collapsible') :css('width', '100%') :css('border', 'solid silver 1px') :css('padding', '0.2em') :addClass(self.options.notcollapsed == false and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) if self.options.wantdiff then root :tag('div') :css('background-color', isEqual and 'yellow' or '#90a8ee') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :css('padding', '0.2em') :wikitext(title) :done() else if self.options.notcollapsed ~= true or false then root :addClass(isEqual and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) end root :tag('div') :css('background-color', isEqual and 'lightgreen' or 'yellow') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :css('padding', '0.2em') :wikitext(title) :done() end root :tag('div') :addClass('mw-collapsible-content') :newline() :wikitext(s) :newline() return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderColumns() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') if self.options.showheader then -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Headers local headerRow = tableroot:tag('tr') if self.options.rowheader then -- rowheader is correct here. We need to add another th cell if -- rowheader is set further down, even if heading0 is missing. headerRow:tag('th'):wikitext(self.options.heading0) end local width if #self.templates > 0 then width = tostring(math.floor(100 / #self.templates)) .. '%' else width = '100%' end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do headerRow :tag('th') :css('width', width) :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) end end -- Row header local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr'):css('vertical-align', 'top') if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :wikitext(self.options.rowheader) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderRows() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) if self.options.caption then tableroot :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption) end for _, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') -- Header if self.options.showheader then if self.options.format == 'tablerows' then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('text-align', 'left') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow:tag('td') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('padding', '0 1em') :wikitext('→') else dataRow:tag('td') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') end end -- Template output if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderInline() local arrow = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getArrow('forwards') local ret = {} for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' if self.options.showcode then line[#line + 1] = obj:getInvocation('code') line[#line + 1] = ' ' line[#line + 1] = arrow line[#line + 1] = ' ' end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) line[#line + 1] = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) line[#line + 1] = '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) else line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) end ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end if self.options.addline then local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' line[#line + 1] = self.options.addline ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end return table.concat(ret, '\n') end function TestCase:renderCells() local root = mw.html.create() local dataRow = root:tag('tr') dataRow :css('vertical-align', 'top') :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) -- Row header if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.rowheader or self:message('row-header')) end -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Show code if self.options.showcode then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self:getInvocation('code')) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderDefault() local ret = {} if self.options.showcode then ret[#ret + 1] = self.templates[1]:getInvocation() end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do ret[#ret + 1] = '<div style="clear: both;"></div>' if self.options.showheader then ret[#ret + 1] = obj:makeHeader() end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then ret[#ret + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) .. '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) .. '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then ret[#ret + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) else ret[#ret + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) end end return table.concat(ret, '\n\n') end function TestCase:__tostring() local format = self.options.format local method = format and TestCase.renderMethods[format] or 'renderDefault' local ret = self[method](self) if self.options.collapsible then ret = self:makeCollapsible(ret) end for cat in pairs(self.categories) do ret = ret .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nowiki invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local NowikiInvocation = {} NowikiInvocation.__index = NowikiInvocation NowikiInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function NowikiInvocation.new(invocation, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, NowikiInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg invocation = mw.text.unstrip(invocation) -- Decode HTML entities for <, >, and ". This means that HTML entities in -- the original code must be escaped as e.g. &amp;lt;, which is unfortunate, -- but it is the best we can do as the distinction between <, >, " and &lt;, -- &gt;, &quot; is lost during the original nowiki operation. invocation = invocation:gsub('&lt;', '<') invocation = invocation:gsub('&gt;', '>') invocation = invocation:gsub('&quot;', '"') obj.invocation = invocation return obj end function NowikiInvocation:getInvocation(options) local template = options.template:gsub('%%', '%%%%') -- Escape "%" with "%%" local invocation, count = self.invocation:gsub( self.cfg.templateNameMagicWordPattern, template ) if options.requireMagicWord ~= false and count < 1 then error(self:message( 'nowiki-magic-word-error', self.cfg.templateNameMagicWord )) end return invocation end function NowikiInvocation:getOutput(options) local invocation = self:getInvocation(options) return mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Table invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TableInvocation = {} TableInvocation.__index = TableInvocation TableInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TableInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg obj.invokeArgs = invokeArgs obj.code = nowikiCode return obj end function TableInvocation:getInvocation(options) if self.code then local nowikiObj = NowikiInvocation.new(self.code, self.cfg) return nowikiObj:getInvocation(options) else return require('Module:Template invocation').invocation( options.template, self.invokeArgs ) end end function TableInvocation:getOutput(options) if (options.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke') then local moduleCall = mw.text.split(options.template, '|', true) local args = mw.clone(self.invokeArgs) table.insert(args, 1, moduleCall[2]) return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction(moduleCall[1], args) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = options.template, args = self.invokeArgs } end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bridge functions -- -- These functions translate template arguments into forms that can be accepted -- by the different classes, and return the results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local bridge = {} function bridge.table(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) local options, invokeArgs = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local optionKey = type(k) == 'string' and k:match('^_(.*)$') if optionKey then if type(v) == 'string' then v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace end if v ~= '' then options[optionKey] = v end else invokeArgs[k] = v end end -- Allow passing a nowiki invocation as an option. While this means users -- have to pass in the code twice, whitespace is preserved and &lt; etc. -- will work as intended. local nowikiCode = options.code options.code = nil local invocationObj = TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end function bridge.nowiki(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) local code = args.code or args[1] local invocationObj = NowikiInvocation.new(code, cfg) args.code = nil args[1] = nil -- Assume we want to see the code as we already passed it in. args.showcode = args.showcode or true local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, args, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) -- Load the wrapper config, if any. local wrapperConfig if frame.getParent then local title = frame:getParent():getTitle() local template = title:gsub(cfg.sandboxSubpagePattern, '') wrapperConfig = cfg.wrappers[template] end -- Work out the function we will call, use it to generate the config for -- Module:Arguments, and use Module:Arguments to find the arguments passed -- by the user. local func = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.func or 'table' local userArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = wrapperConfig, frameOnly = not wrapperConfig, trim = func ~= 'table', removeBlanks = func ~= 'table' }) -- Get default args and build the args table. User-specified args overwrite -- default args. local defaultArgs = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.args or {} local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return bridge[func](args, cfg) end function p._exportClasses() -- For testing return { Template = Template, TestCase = TestCase, NowikiInvocation = NowikiInvocation, TableInvocation = TableInvocation } end return p qmapjp1ymll9bkb0imuwlf4qvsrb0ck 828 10923 83988 2022-05-19T05:11:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:Template test case/data|Module:Template invocation|Module:Protect|Module:Arguments|Module:Yesno}} This module provides a framework for making templates which produce a [[WP:TESTCASES|template test case]]. While test cases can be made manually, using Lua-based templates such as the ones provided by this module has the advantage that the template arguments only need to be input once, thus reducing the effort involved in making test cases and reducing the possibility of errors in the input. == Usage == This module should not usually be called directly. Instead, you should use one of the following templates: Parameter-based templates: * [[Template:Test case]] – for standard test cases * [[Template:Testcase table]] – for test cases arranged side by side in columns * [[Template:Testcase rows]] – for test cases arranged as rows in a table * [[Template:Collapsible test case]] – for test cases that are collapsed by default if the results are the same * [[Template:Inline test case]] – for test cases with small invocations and small output, that do not contain any line breaks The only difference between these templates is their default arguments. For example, it is possible to display test cases side by side in [[Template:Testcase rows]] by specifying {{para|_format|columns}} Nowiki-based templates: * [[Template:Test case nowiki]] – for test cases created from template code wrapped in nowiki tags (useful for displaying complex template invocations) * [[Template:Nowiki template demo]] – for use in template documentation It is also possible to use a format of <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:template test case|main|</nowiki>''parameters''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. This uses the same defaults as [[Template:Test case]]; please see that page for documentation of the parameters. There is no direct interface to this module for other Lua modules. Lua modules should generally use Lua-based test case modules such as [[Module:UnitTests]] or [[Module:ScribuntoUnit]]. If it is really necessary to use this module, you can use [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#frame:expandTemplate|frame:expandTemplate]] with one of the templates listed above. == Configuration == This module has a configuration module at [[Module:Template test case/config]]. You can edit it to add new wrapper templates, or to change the messages that the module outputs. == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Test cases using heading parameters}} * {{clc|Test cases using output parameter}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly> 4ydecfxfil8igvwokfqvoe42yfcxrrq 828 10924 83989 2022-05-19T05:12:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template wrapper Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals'); local error_msg = '<span style=\"font-size:100%\" class=\"error\"><code style=\"color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;\">&#124;_template=</code> missing or empty</span>'; --[[--------------------------< I S _ I N _ T A B L E >-------------------------------------------------------- scan through tbl looking for value; return true if found, false else ]] local function is_in_table (tbl, value) for k, v in pairs (tbl) do if v == value then return true end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ P A R A M E T E R >---------------------------------------------------- adds parameter name and its value to args table according to the state of boolean list argument; kv pair for template execution; k=v string for template listing. ]] local function add_parameter (k, v, args, list) if list then table.insert( args, table.concat ({k, '=', v})); -- write parameter names and values to args table as string else args[k] = v; -- copy parameters to args table end end --[[--------------------------< A L I A S _ M A P _ G E T >---------------------------------------------------- returns a table of local template (parent frame) parameter names and the target template names that match where in [key]=<value> pairs where: [key] is local template parameter name (an alias) <value> is target template parameter name (the canonical parameter name used in the working template) The parameter |_alias-map= has the form: |_alias-map=<list> where <list> is a comma-separated list of alias / canonical parameter name pairs in the form <from> : <to> where: <from> is the local template's parameter name (alias) <to> is the target template's parameter name (canonical) for enumerated parameters place an octothorp (#) where the enumerator digits are placed in the parameter names: <from#> : <to#> ]] local function alias_map_get (_alias_map) local T = mw.text.split (_alias_map, '%s*,%s*'); -- convert the comma-separated list into a table of alias pairs local mapped_aliases = {}; -- mapped aliases will go here local l_name, t_name; -- parameter names for _, alias_pair in ipairs (T) do -- loop through the table of alias pairs l_name, t_name = alias_pair:match ('(.-)%s*:%s*(.+)'); -- from each pair, get local and target parameter names if l_name and t_name then -- if both are set if tonumber (l_name) then l_name = tonumber (l_name); -- convert number-as-text to a number end mapped_aliases[l_name] = t_name; -- add them to the map table end end return mapped_aliases; end --[[--------------------------< F R A M E _ A R G S _ G E T >-------------------------------------------------- Fetch the wrapper template's 'default' and control parameters; adds default parameters to args returns content of |_template= parameter (name of the working template); nil else ]] local function frame_args_get (frame_args, args, list) local template; for k, v in pairs (frame_args) do -- here we get the wrapper template's 'default' parameters if 'string' == type (k) and (v and ('' ~= v)) then -- do not pass along positional or empty parameters if '_template' == k then template = v; -- save the name of template that we are wrapping elseif '_exclude' ~= k and '_reuse' ~= k and '_include-positional' ~= k and '_alias-map' ~= k then -- these already handled so ignore here; add_parameter (k, v, args, list); -- add all other parameters to args in the style dictated by list end end end return template; -- return contents of |_template= parameter end --[=[--------------------------< P F R A M E _ A R G S _ G E T >------------------------------------------------ Fetches the wrapper template's 'live' parameters; adds live parameters that aren't members of the exclude table to args table; positional parameters may not be excluded no return value ]=] local function pframe_args_get (pframe_args, args, exclude, _include_positional, list) for k, v in pairs (pframe_args) do if 'string' == type (k) and not is_in_table (exclude, k) then -- do not pass along excluded parameters if v and ('' ~= v) then -- pass along only those parameters that have assigned values if 'unset' == v:lower() then -- special keyword to unset 'default' parameters set in the wrapper template v = ''; -- unset the value in the args table end add_parameter (k, v, args, list) -- add all other parameters to args in the style dictated by list; alias map only supported for local-template parameters end end end if _include_positional then for i, v in ipairs (pframe_args) do -- pass along positional parameters if 'unset' == v:lower() then -- special keyword to unset 'default' parameters set in the wrapper template v = ''; -- unset the value in the args table end add_parameter (i, v, args, list); end end end --[[--------------------------< _ M A I N >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Collect the various default and live parameters into args styled according to boolean list. returns name of the working or listed template or nil for an error message ]] local function _main (frame, args, list) local template; local exclude = {}; -- table of parameter names for parameters that are not passed to the working template local reuse_list = {}; -- table of pframe parameter names whose values are modified before they are passed to the working template as the same name local alias_map = {}; -- table that maps parameter aliases to working template canonical parameter names local _include_positional; if frame.args._exclude and ('' ~= frame.args._exclude) then -- if there is |_exclude= and it's not empty exclude = mw.text.split (frame.args._exclude, "%s*,%s*"); -- make a table from its contents end -- TODO: |_reuse= needs a better name (|_reuse=) if frame.args._reuse and ('' ~= frame.args._reuse) then -- if there is |_reuse= and it's not empty reuse_list = mw.text.split (frame.args._reuse, "%s*,%s*"); -- make a table from its contents end if frame.args['_alias-map'] and ('' ~= frame.args['_alias-map']) then -- if there is |_alias-map= and it's not empty alias_map = alias_map_get (frame.args['_alias-map']); -- make a table from its contents end template = frame_args_get (frame.args, args, list); -- get parameters provided in the {{#invoke:template wrapper|...|...}} if nil == template or '' == template then -- this is the one parameter that is required by this module return nil; -- not present, tell calling function to emit an error message end _include_positional = 'yes' == frame.args['_include-positional']; -- when true pass all positional parameters along with non-excluded named parameters to ... -- ... the working template; positional parameters are not excludable local _pframe_args = frame:getParent().args; -- here we get the wrapper template's 'live' parameters from pframe.args local pframe_args = {}; -- a local table that we can modify for k, v in pairs (_pframe_args) do -- make a copy that we can modify pframe_args[k] = v; end -- here we look for pframe parameters that are aliases of canonical parameter names; when found -- we replace the alias with the canonical. We do this here because the reuse_list works on -- canonical parameter names so first we convert alias parameter names to canonical names and then -- we remove those canonical names from the pframe table that are reused (provided to the working -- template through the frame args table) for k, v in pairs (alias_map) do -- k is alias name, v is canonical name if pframe_args[k] then -- if pframe_args has parameter with alias name pframe_args[v] = _pframe_args[k]; -- create new canonical name with alias' value pframe_args[k] = nil; -- unset the alias end end for k, v in pairs (pframe_args) do -- do enumerated parameter alias -> canonical translation if 'string' == type (k) then -- only named parameters can be enumerated if alias_map[k..'#'] then -- non-enumerated alias matches enumerated parameter pattern? enumerator at end only pframe_args[alias_map[k..'#']:gsub('#', '')] = v; -- remove '#' and copy parameter to pframe_args table pframe_args[k] = nil; -- unset the alias elseif k:match ('%d+') then -- if this parameter name contains digits local temp = k:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- make a copy; digits replaced with single '#' local enum = k:match ('%d+'); -- get the enumerator if alias_map[temp] then -- if this parameter is a recognized enumerated alias pframe_args[alias_map[temp]:gsub('#', enum)] = v; -- use canonical name and replace '#' with enumerator and add to pframe_args pframe_args[k] = nil; -- unset the alias end end end end -- pframe parameters that are _reused are 'reused' have the form something like this: -- |chapter=[[wikisource:{{{chapter}}}|{{{chapter}}}]] -- where a parameter in the wrapping template is modified and then passed to the working template -- using the same parameter name (in this example |chapter=) -- remove parameters that will be reused for k, v in ipairs (reuse_list) do -- k is numerical index, v is canonical parameter name to ignore if pframe_args[v] then -- if pframe_args has parameter that should be ignored pframe_args[v] = nil; -- unset the ignored parameter end end pframe_args_get (pframe_args, args, exclude, _include_positional, list); -- add parameters and values to args that are not listed in the exclude table return template; -- args now has all default and live parameters, return working template name end --[[--------------------------< W R A P >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Template entry point. Call this function to 'execute' the working template ]] local function wrap (frame) local args = {}; -- table of default and live parameters and their values to be passed to the wrapped template local template; -- the name of the working template template = _main (frame, args, false); -- get default and live parameters and the name of the working template if not template then -- template name is required return error_msg; -- emit error message and abandon if template name not present end return frame:expandTemplate {title=template, args=args}; -- render the working template end --[[--------------------------< L I S T >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Template entry point. Call this function to 'display' the source for the working template. This function added as a result of a TfD here: Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2018_April_28#Module:PassArguments This function replaces a similarly named function which was used in {{cite compare}} and {{cite compare2}} Values in the args table are numerically indexed strings in the form 'name=value' ]] local function list(frame, do_link) local args = {}; -- table of default and live parameters and their values to be passed to the listed template local template; -- the name of the listed template template = _main (frame, args, true); -- get default and live parameters and the name of the listed template if not template then -- template name is required return error_msg; -- emit error message and abandon if template name not present end if do_link then template = ('[[%s|%s]]'):format(frame:expandTemplate{ title='Transclude', args = {template} }, template) end table.sort(args) for i = 1, #args do local stripped = args[i]:match('^' .. i .. '=([^=]*)$') if stripped then args[i] = stripped else break end end return frame:preprocess(table.concat({ '<code style="color:inherit; background:inherit; border:none;">&#123;&#123;', template, ('<wbr><nowiki>|%s</nowiki>'):rep(#args):format(unpack(args)), '&#125;&#125;</code>'})); -- render the template end local function link (frame) return list(frame, true) end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { link = link, list = list, wrap = wrap, }; jvc00zukcfohbwbsh73108j0lhv6c2v 828 10925 83990 2022-05-19T05:12:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template wrapper/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{high-use}} This module is to be used in [[Wikipedia:Wrapper templates|wrapper templates]] to allow those templates to provide default parameter values and allow editors to pass additional parameters to the underlying working template. When writing a wrapper template, give this module all of the normally required default parameters necessary to use the wrapper template in its base form. Editors then use the wrapper template as-is or may supply additional wrapper and canonical parameters. Any of the canonical parameters supported by the working template may be added to the wrapper template or supplied by editors in article space. When an editor supplies a parameter that has a default value in the wrapper template, the editor-supplied value overrides the default. When it is necessary to remove a default parameter, editors may set the parameter value to the special keyword <code>unset</code> which will cause this wrapper module to erase the wrapper template's default value for that parameter. This module discards empty named parameters. Positional parameters are not normally passed on to the working template. Setting {{para|_include-positional|yes}} will pass all positional parameters to the working template. Positional parameters cannot be excluded; positional parameters may be <code>unset</code>. Parameters that are used only by the wrapper should be either positional ({{param|{{var|n}}}}) or listed in {{para|_exclude}} (a comma-separated list of named parameters). This module will not pass <code>_excluded</code> parameters to the working template. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|wrap|_template={{var|working template}}|_exclude={{var|named parameter}}, {{var|named parameter}}, ...|_reuse={{var|named parameter}}, {{var|named parameter}}, ...|_alias-map={{var|alias parameter}}:{{var|canonical parameter}}|_include-positional=yes|&lt;{{var|default parameter}}>|&lt;{{var|default parameter}}>|...}}</code> ;Control parameters :{{para|_template}} – (required) the name, without namespace, of the working template (the template that is wrapped); see §[[#template|_template]] below :{{para|_exclude}} – comma-separated list of parameter names used by the wrapper template that are not to be passed to the working template; see §[[#exclude|_exclude]] below :{{para|_reuse}} – comma-separated list of canonical names that have meaning to both the wrapper template and to the working template; see §[[#reuse|_reuse]] below :{{para|_alias-map}} – comma-separated list of wrapper-template parameter names that are to be treated as aliases of specified working template canonical parameters; see §[[#alias-map|_alias-map]] below :{{para|_include-positional}} – pass all positional parameters to the working template; see §[[#include-positional|_include-positional]] below ;Definitions :canonical parameter – a parameter supported and used by the working template :wrapper parameter – a parameter used by the wrapper template; may provide data for canonical parameters or control other aspects of the wrapper template :alias parameter – a wrapper parameter that is contextually meaningful to the wrapper template but must be renamed to a canonical parameter for use by the working template :reused parameter – a parameter that is shared by both wrapper and working templates and has been modified by wrapper template :default parameter – a canonical parameter given a default value in the wrapper template {| class="nowrap" |+parameter processing !style="border:1px solid black"|wrapper<br />template !! !!style="border:1px solid black" colspan="11"|Module:Template wrapper !! !! style="border:1px solid black"|working<br />template |- | style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|canonical parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="border: 2px solid black;" rowspan="5"|filter<br />exclued<br />parameters|| ||style="border: 2px solid black;" rowspan="10"|working<br />template |- | style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|wrapper parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|[[#_exclude|_exclude]]}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|[[#_include-positional|_include-positional]]}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|[[#_alias-map|_alias-map]]}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="border: 2px solid black;" rowspan="3"|convert alias<br />parameters to<br />canonical<br />parameters||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="border: 1px solid black;" rowspan="2"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|canonical parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;|| ||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || || ||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="border: 2px solid black;" rowspan="4"|modify<br />reused<br />canonical<br />parameters |- | style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|alias parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;|| || || ||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|reused parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|[[#_reuse|_reuse]]}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- | style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|canonical parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |- |&nbsp;|| || style="border: 1px solid black;"|{{para|plain=yes|{{var|default parameters}}}}||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––––––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp;||style="text-align: center;"|–––→||&nbsp;→&nbsp; |} ==Parameter details== ===_template=== The only required parameter, {{para|_template}} supplies the name, without namespace, of the working template (the template that is wrapped). If this parameter is omitted, Module:Template wrapper will emit the error message: :<span style="font-size:100%" class="error"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;_template=</code> missing or empty</span> ===_alias-map=== {{para|_alias-map}} takes a comma-separated list of wrapper-template parameters that are to be treated as aliases of specified working template canonical parameters. Each mapping element of the list has the form: :<code>&lt;{{var|from}}>:&lt;{{var|to}}></code> – where: <code>&lt;{{var|from}}></code> is a wrapper parameter name and <code>&lt;{{var|to}}></code> is a canonical parameter name In this example, it may be preferable for a wrapper template to use {{para|assessor}} which may be unknown to the working template but the working template may have an equivalent {{para|author}} so in the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> we would write: :{{para|_alias-map|assessor:author}} Positional parameters may also be mapped to canonical parameters: :{{para|_alias-map|1:author, 2:title, 3:language}} Enumerated wrapper parameters may be mapped to enumerated canonical parameters using the <code>#</code> enumerator specifier: :{{para|_alias-map|assessor#:author#}} Given the above example, {{para|assessor2}} will map to {{para|author2}}; also, {{para|assessor}} and {{para|assessor1}} will map to {{para|author1}} Multiple wrapper parameters can map to a single canonical parameter: :{{para|_alias-map|1:author, assessor:author}} Wrapper parameters listed in {{para|alias-map}} are not passed to the working template. Mapping positional parameters when {{para|_include-positional|yes}} may give undesirable results. {{para|_alias-map|1:author}} and {{para|_include-positional|yes}} will cause all other positional parameters to be passed to the working template as is: wrapper template <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code> becomes working template <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code>, etc; working template will not get <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code> though it will get {{para|author}}. ===_reuse=== {{para|_reuse}} takes a comma-separated list of canonical parameters that have meaning to both the wrapper template and to the working template In the simplest cases, a canonical parameter passed into the wrapper template overrides a default parameter provided in the wrapper template. Sometimes a wrapper parameter is the same as a canonical parameter and the wrapper template needs to modify the parameter value before it is passed to the working template. In this example, {{para|title}} is both a wrapper parameter and a canonical parameter that the wrapper template needs to modify before passing to the working template. To do this we first write: :{{para|_reuse|title}} then, in the wrapper template's <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=...|...}}</nowiki></code> we write: :{{para|title|Modified <nowiki>{{{title}}}</nowiki>}} _reused parameters cannot be overridden. ===_exclude=== {{para|_exclude}} takes a comma-separated list of parameters used by the wrapper template that are not to be passed to the working template. This list applies to all wrapper and canonical parameters (including those canonical parameters that are renamed alias parameters) received from the wrapper template. As an example, a wrapper template might use {{para|id}} to supply a portion of the value assigned to default parameter {{para|url}} so we would write: :{{para|_exclude|id}} then, in the wrapper template's <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=...|...}}</nowiki></code> we write: :{{para|url|<nowiki>https://example.com/{{{id}}}</nowiki>}} The modified {{para|url}} value is passed on to working template but {{para|id}} and its value is not. _reused and default parameters cannot be excluded. ===_include-positional=== {{para|_include-positional}} is a boolean parameter that takes only one value: <code>yes</code>; the default (empty, missing) is <code>no</code> (positional parameters normally excluded). When set to <code>yes</code>, Module:Template wrapper will pass all positional parameters to the working template. See also §[[#_alias-map|_alias-map]]. ===Overriding default parameters=== Editors may override default parameters by simply setting the default parameter to the desired value in the wrapper template. This module ignores empty parameters (those parameters that are named but which do not have an assigned value). When it is desirable to override a default parameter to no value, use the special keyword <code>unset</code>. Default parameters with this value are passed to the working template as empty (no assigned value) parameters. _reused parameters cannot be <code>unset</code> or overridden. ==Debugging/documentation mode== This module has two entry points. A wrapper template might use a module <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code> written like this: :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|<nowiki>{{#if:{{{_debug|}}}|list|wrap}}</nowiki>|_template=<{{var|working template}}>|_exclude=_debug, ...|...}}</code> where the {{para|_debug}} wrapper parameter, set to any value, will cause the module to render the call to the working template without actually calling the working template. As an example, {{tlx|cite wikisource}} is a wrapper template that uses {{tlx|citation}} as its working template. {{tld|cite wikisource}} accepts positional parameters but {{tld|citation}} does not so the wrapper template must convert the positional parameters to named parameters which it does using the {{para|_alias-map}} parameter: :<syntaxhighlight lang="moin">{{#invoke:template wrapper|{{#if:{{{_debug|}}}|list|wrap}}|_template=citation |_exclude=..., _debug <!-- unnecessary detail omitted --> |_alias-map=1:title, 2:author, 3:language</syntaxhighlight> This example uses positional parameters and sets {{para|_debug|yes}} to show that the {{tld|citation}} template is correctly formed: :<code><nowiki>{{cite wikisource|Sentido y sensibilidad|Jane Austen|es|_debug=yes}}</nowiki></code> ::{{cite wikisource|Sentido y sensibilidad|Jane Austen|es|_debug=yes}} and, with {{para|_debug}} unset: :<code><nowiki>{{cite wikisource|Sentido y sensibilidad|Jane Austen|es|_debug=}}</nowiki></code> ::{{cite wikisource|Sentido y sensibilidad|Jane Austen|es|_debug=}} The {{para|_debug}} name is chosen here for convenience but may be anything so long as it matches the <code><nowiki>{{#if:}}</nowiki></code> in the <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:}}</nowiki></code>. You may also call the <code>link</code> function to get something like the left-hand side of [[Template:yy]]. This is essentially the <code>list</code> function with the template name turned into a link. {{yytop|headers=no}} {{yy|User in New Zealand|4}} {{yybottom}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 1uqfudlxh1d84cwczcuz4baphfnnf0k 828 10926 83991 2022-05-19T05:14:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case/data Scribunto text/plain -- This module processes configuration data for use in -- [[Module:Template test case]]. It is loaded from the main module with -- mw.loadData. local cfg = require('Module:Template test case/config') local function escapePattern(s) s = s:gsub('%p', '%%%0') return s end -- Escape config items that need to be used as patterns. Doing it here is more -- efficient, as mw.loadData saves them from having to be computed for every -- test case on a page. cfg.templateNameMagicWordPattern = escapePattern(cfg.templateNameMagicWord) cfg.sandboxSubpagePattern = '/' .. escapePattern(cfg.sandboxSubpage) .. '$' return cfg dmdplkk88kmnriu7s6pk3hhob51o8xa 828 10927 83992 2022-05-19T05:14:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case/data/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module processes configuration data for use in [[Module:Template test case]]. It is loaded from the main module with [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.loadData|mw.loadData]]. bs9exglmb5qar00rwdnb7rfa9egcnt6 828 10928 83993 2022-05-19T05:16:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case/config Scribunto text/plain ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Template test case/config -- This module holds configuration data for [[Module:Template test case]]. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Options ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- The magic word used in place of the template name when making nowiki -- invocations. templateNameMagicWord = '__TEMPLATENAME__', -- The subpage that sandboxes are typically stored on. Used when loading -- wrapper template config and when guessing the sandbox template name. sandboxSubpage = 'sandbox', ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Messages ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -- The default header for test cases rendered in columns. ['columns-header'] = 'Side by side comparison', -- The error message to use if a templaten option is missing. -- $1 - the number of the missing template option. ['missing-template-option-error'] = "one or more options ending in '$1' " .. "were detected, but no 'template$1' option was found", -- The error message to use if a nowiki invocation is used but the template -- name magic word is not found. -- $1 - the value of the template name magic word ['nowiki-magic-word-error'] = "the template invocation must include '$1' in " .. "place of the template name", }, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wrapper template config. -- The wrapper template config is a table with wrapper template names as keys, -- and subtables containing two fields: -- func - the function name to be used with that template. This must be a -- function exported by the main module. This is optional: the default -- value is "table". -- args - a table of default arguments to be used with that template. This is -- is optional. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- wrappers = { ['Template:Test case'] = {}, ['Template:Testcase table'] = { args = {_format = 'columns'} }, ['Template:Testcase rows'] = { args = {_format = 'rows'} }, ['Template:Test case nowiki'] = { func = 'nowiki' }, ['Template:Nowiki template demo'] = { func = 'nowiki', args = {showheader = false, showtemplate2 = false} }, ['Template:Collapsible test case'] = { args = {_collapsible = true} }, ['Template:Collapsible 2 test case'] = { args = {_collapsible = true, _wantdiff = true} }, ['Template:Inline test case'] = { args = {_format = 'inline', _showcode = true} }, }, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End config ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } qnnl7yi4y14i5if0gn8xikibzp6hb6x 828 10929 83994 2022-05-19T05:16:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template test case/config/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Template test case]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> cq8fisqg7pp9na0lcthl5nyj9ygv02p 828 10930 83995 2022-05-19T05:17:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template invocation Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides functions for making MediaWiki template invocations. local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Name: p.name -- Purpose: Find a template invocation name from a page name or a -- mw.title object. -- Description: This function detects whether a string or a mw.title -- object has been passed in, and uses that to find a -- template name as it is used in template invocations. -- Parameters: title - full page name or mw.title object for the -- template (string or mw.title object) -- Returns: String ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.name(title) if type(title) == 'string' then title = mw.title.new(title) if not title then error("invalid title in parameter #1 of function 'name'", 2) end elseif type(title) ~= 'table' or type(title.getContent) ~= 'function' then error("parameter #1 of function 'name' must be a string or a mw.title object", 2) end if title.namespace == 10 then return title.text elseif title.namespace == 0 then return ':' .. title.prefixedText else return title.prefixedText end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Name: p.invocation -- Purpose: Construct a MediaWiki template invocation. -- Description: This function makes a template invocation from the -- name and the arguments given. Note that it isn't -- perfect: we have no way of knowing what whitespace was -- in the original invocation, the named parameters will be -- alphabetically sorted, and any parameters with duplicate keys -- will be removed. -- Parameters: name - the template name, formatted as it will appear -- in the invocation. (string) -- args - a table of template arguments. (table) -- format - formatting options. (string, optional) -- Set to "nowiki" to escape, curly braces, pipes and -- equals signs with their HTML entities. The default -- is unescaped. -- Returns: String ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.invocation(name, args, format) checkType('invocation', 1, name, 'string') checkType('invocation', 2, args, 'table') checkType('invocation', 3, format, 'string', true) -- Validate the args table and make a copy to work from. We need to -- make a copy of the table rather than just using the original, as -- some of the values may be erased when building the invocation. local invArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local typek = type(k) local typev = type(v) if typek ~= 'string' and typek ~= 'number' or typev ~= 'string' and typev ~= 'number' then error("invalid arguments table in parameter #2 of " .. "'invocation' (keys and values must be strings or numbers)", 2) end invArgs[k] = v end -- Get the separators to use. local seps = { openb = '{{', closeb = '}}', pipe = '|', equals = '=' } if format == 'nowiki' then for k, v in pairs(seps) do seps[k] = mw.text.nowiki(v) end end -- Build the invocation body with numbered args first, then named. local ret = {} ret[#ret + 1] = seps.openb ret[#ret + 1] = name for k, v in ipairs(invArgs) do if type(v) == 'string' and v:find('=', 1, true) then -- Likely something like 1=foo=bar which needs to be displayed as a named arg. else ret[#ret + 1] = seps.pipe ret[#ret + 1] = v invArgs[k] = nil -- Erase the key so that we don't add the value twice end end local keys = {} -- sort parameter list; better than arbitrary order for k, _ in pairs(invArgs) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end table.sort(keys, function (a, b) -- Sort with keys of type number first, then string. if type(a) == type(b) then return a < b elseif type(a) == 'number' then return true end end) for _, v in ipairs(keys) do -- Add named args based on sorted parameter list ret[#ret + 1] = seps.pipe ret[#ret + 1] = tostring(v) ret[#ret + 1] = seps.equals ret[#ret + 1] = invArgs[v] end ret[#ret + 1] = seps.closeb return table.concat(ret) end return p 0mchuzsxvb5yfnycusogh7a63eybbyl 828 10931 83996 2022-05-19T05:17:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Template invocation/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This is a meta-module for producing MediaWiki template invocations. == Usage == First load the module: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mTemplateInvocation = require('Module:Template invocation') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can use the individual functions as documented below. === Name === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mTemplateInvocation.name(title) </syntaxhighlight> This function produces the name to be used in a template invocation. For pages in the template namespace it returns the page name with no namespace prefix, for pages in the main namespace it returns the full page name prefixed with ":", and for other pages it returns the full page name. <var>title</var> can be a string or a [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title object]]. === Invocation === <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mTemplateInvocation.invocation(name, args, format) </syntaxhighlight> This function creates a MediaWiki [[Help:Template|template]] invocation. Parameters: * '''name''' - the name of the template (string, required). This should be exactly as it will appear in the invocation, e.g. for [[Template:Example]] use "Example". To generate the template name from a page name you can use the [[#Name|name]] function. * '''args''' - the arguments to use in the invocation (table, required). Table keys and values must be either strings or numbers. * '''format''' - the format of the invocation (string, optional). The default is a normal invocation with unescaped curly braces, pipes, and equals signs. If this parameter is the string "nowiki", then the curly braces, pipes and equals signs are replaced with the appropriate [[HTML entities]]. '''Example''' The code {{code|1=mTemplateInvocation.invocation('foo', {'bar', 'baz', abc = 'def'})|2=lua}} would produce <code><nowiki>{{foo|bar|baz|abc=def}}</nowiki></code>. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> 0pmk33rdtfo09ckwjrsvgmtt9avmg36 828 10932 83997 2022-05-19T05:18:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protect Scribunto text/plain local function processResult(options, success, ...) if not success then local message = tostring(... or '(no message)') if options.removeLocation then message = string.gsub(message, '^Module:[^:]+:%d+: ', '', 1) end return string.format(options.errFormat, message) end return ... end local function protect(func, errFormat, options) if type(errFormat) == 'table' then options = options or errFormat errFormat = nil end options = mw.clone(options) or {} options.errFormat = errFormat or options.errFormat or 'Error: %s' if not options.raw then options.errFormat = '<strong class="error">' .. options.errFormat .. '</strong>' end options.removeLocation = options.removeLocation == nil or options.removeLocation return function (...) return processResult(options, pcall(func, ...)) end end return protect lpwbveqfkihxx5w7otzmx6xlb5y323h 828 10933 83998 2022-05-19T05:19:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{used in system}} This [[Help:Lua metamodules|metamodule]] simplifies error handling in other modules. It transforms a function, which may throw an error, into a function, which returns a specified error message in that case. == Usage == local protect = require('Module:Protect') local protectedFunc = '''protect(''func'', ''errFormat'', ''options'')''' === Arguments === * ''{{code|func}}'' *: Function to be transformed. * ''{{code|errFormat}}'' (default: {{code|'Error: %s'}}) *: Custom error message. *: Use {{code|'%s'}} to include the message from a caught error. * ''{{code|options}}'' – optional table with the following fields: ** {{code|raw}} (default: false) **: If true, then ''{{code|errFormat}}'' will be used as is, otherwise it will be wrapped inside a tag <code><nowiki><strong class="error"></nowiki></code>. ** {{code|removeLocation}} (default: true) **: If true, removes location information from caught error messages. === Return value === The resulting {{code|protectedFunc}} is a ''function'', which calls the original function ''{{code|func}}'', passing all arguments to it, and returns all its return values. If ''{{code|func}}'' throws an error, the specified error message is returned instead. == Example == local protect = require('Module:Protect') local p = {} function p.main(frame) if not frame.args[1] then error('missing argument') end return frame.args[1] end p.main = '''protect'''(p.main) return p Invoking the main function without arguments will output: <strong class="error">Error: missing argument</strong> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | [[Category:Error-handling modules]] }}</includeonly> 5v3rt9ie8rmo5tga49slzpvxo0rcn38 10 10934 83999 2022-05-19T05:22:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:High-use/sandbox wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use/sandbox|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|all-pages={{{all-pages|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|fetch={{{fetch|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> kty35ra9j2xqtdnwe2nisabj2ls28mz 828 10935 84000 2022-05-19T05:23:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:High-use/sandbox Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- _fetch looks at the "demo" argument. local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count/sandbox').fetch local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') function p.num(frame, count) if count == nil then if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end end -- Build output string local return_value = "" if count == nil then if frame.args[1] == "risk" then return_value = "a very large number of" else return_value = "many" end else -- Use 2 significant figures for smaller numbers and 3 for larger ones local sigfig = 2 if count >= 100000 then sigfig = 3 end -- Prepare to round to appropriate number of sigfigs local f = math.floor(math.log10(count)) - sigfig + 1 -- Round and insert "approximately" or "+" when appropriate if (frame.args[2] == "yes") or (mw.ustring.sub(frame.args[1],-1) == "+") then -- Round down return_value = string.format("%s+", mw.getContentLanguage():formatNum(math.floor( (count / 10^(f)) ) * (10^(f))) ) else -- Round to nearest return_value = string.format("approximately&#x20;%s", mw.getContentLanguage():formatNum(math.floor( (count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f))) ) end -- Insert percentage of pages if that is likely to be >= 1% if count and count > 250000 then local percent = math.floor( ( (count/frame:callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') ) * 100) + 0.5) if percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format("%s&#x20;pages, or roughly %s%% of all", return_value, percent) end end end return return_value end -- Actions if there is a large (greater than or equal to 100,000) transclusion count function p.risk(frame) local return_value = "" if frame.args[1] == "risk" then return_value = "risk" else local count = _fetch(frame) if count and count >= 100000 then return_value = "risk" end end return return_value end function p.text(frame, count) -- Only show the information about how this template gets updated if someone -- is actually editing the page and maybe trying to update the count. local bot_text = (frame:preprocess("{{REVISIONID}}") == "") and "\n\n----\n'''Preview message''': Transclusion count updated automatically ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|see documentation]])." or '' if count == nil then if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == "doc" or title.subpageText == "sandbox" then title = title.basePageTitle end local systemMessages = frame.args['system'] if frame.args['system'] == '' then systemMessages = nil end local templateCount = ('on [https://templatecount.toolforge.org/index.php?lang=en&namespace=%s&name=%s %s pages]'):format( mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace, mw.uri.encode(title.text), p.num(frame, count)) local used_on_text = "'''This " .. (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "Lua module" or "template") .. ' is used '; if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. systemMessages .. ((count and count > 2000) and (",''' and " .. templateCount) or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. "'''" end local sandbox_text = ("%s's [[%s/sandbox|/sandbox]] or [[%s/testcases|/testcases]] subpages, or in your own [[%s]]. "):format( ((mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "module") or "template" or (mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 6 and "file")), title.fullText, title.fullText, mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 828 and "Module:Sandbox|module sandbox" or "Wikipedia:User pages#SUB|user subpage" ) local infoArg = frame.args["info"] ~= "" and frame.args["info"] if (systemMessages or frame.args[1] == "risk" or (count and count >= 100000) ) then local info = systemMessages and '.<br/>Changes to it can cause immediate changes to the Wikipedia user interface.' or '.' if infoArg then info = info .. "<br />" .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br /> To avoid major disruption' .. (count and count >= 100000 and ' and server load' or '') .. ', any changes should be tested in the ' .. sandbox_text .. 'The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' C') or ' and c') .. 'hanges may be widely noticed. Test changes in the ' .. sandbox_text end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'Please discuss changes ' or 'Consider discussing changes ' if frame.args["2"] and frame.args["2"] ~= "" and frame.args["2"] ~= "yes" then discussion_text = string.format("%sat [[%s]]", discussion_text, frame.args["2"]) else discussion_text = string.format("%son the [[%s|talk page]]", discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText ) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. " before implementing them." .. bot_text end function p.main(frame) local count = nil if yesno(frame.args['fetch']) == false then if (frame.args[1] or '') ~= '' then count = tonumber(frame.args[1]) end else count = _fetch(frame) end local image = "[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" local type_param = "style" local epilogue = '' if frame.args['system'] and frame.args['system'] ~= '' then image = "[[File:Ambox important.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" type_param = "content" local nocat = frame:getParent().args['nocat'] or frame.args['nocat'] local categorise = (nocat == '' or not yesno(nocat)) if categorise then epilogue = frame:preprocess('{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|File=upload|#default=edit}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|sysop|templateeditor|interfaceadmin=|#default=[[Category:Pages used in system messages needing protection]]}}}}') end elseif (frame.args[1] == "risk" or (count and count >= 100000)) then image = "[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]" type_param = "content" end if frame.args["form"] == "editnotice" then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ["image"] = image, ["text"] = p.text(frame, count), ["expiry"] = (frame.args["expiry"] or "") } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p.text(frame, count), expiry = (frame.args["expiry"] or "") }) .. epilogue end end return p eh9ofd2dldnn2b9du3k9ifltl2w8f55 828 10936 84001 2022-05-19T05:24:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:High-use/sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|release}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Transclusion count}} Implements {{tl|High-use}}. Uses bot-updated values from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] when available. == Usage == {{Mlx|High-use|main|1{{=}}''number of transclusions''|2{{=}}''discussion page, or use + notation''|all-pages{{=}}|info{{=}}|demo{{=}}|form{{=}}|expiry{{=}}}} * ''<code>number of transclusions</code>'': The first parameter is either a static number of times the template has been transcluded, or the word "risk" (without quotes) to display "a very large number of" instead of the actual value. This value will be ignored if transclusion data is available for the current page. * ''<code>discussion page, or use + notation</code>'': The second parameter is overloaded. It will cause the number of transclusions to display as "#,###+" instead of "approximately #,###" when set equal to "yes" (without quotes). When used in this manner, values will be rounded down, instead of rounded to the nearest number with the appropriate number of significant figures. When set to any other non-blank value, it will replace the link to the template's talk page to the value of the parameter (for example, <code>2=WP:VPT</code> will insert a link to [[WP:VPT]]), * {{para|all-pages|yes}}: Will also output what percentage of all pages use the template. This should only be used for very highly transcluded templates, and the percentage will only display if its greater than 1%. * {{para|info|''extra information''}}: When set to non-blank, will insert ''extra information'' into the template text if the template has more than 10,000 transclusions or parameter 1 is set to "risk". * {{para|demo|''Template_name''}}: Will use the transclusion count for the template at [[Template:Template_name]] instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. * {{para|form}}: When set to "editnotice", will display the message using {{tl|editnotice}} instead of {{tl|ombox}}. * {{para|expiry}}: Sets the {{para|expiry}} parameter for {{tl|editnotice}}. * {{para|system|''in system messages''}}: if set, this module looks like {{tl|Used in system}}. Use that template directly as it performs some checks. * {{para|fetch}}: if set to false, the module will not attempt to fetch transclusion counts using [[:Module:Transclusion count]] The following are drop-in replacements for {{tl|High-use/num}}, {{tl|High-use/text}}, and {{tl|High-use/risk}}, and take the same parameters: * {{Mlx|High-use|num}} * {{Mlx|High-use|text}} * {{Mlx|High-use|risk}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 2jong4teasgy122a0hb8bub1xa01fo9 828 10937 84002 2022-05-19T05:24:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Transclusion count/sandbox Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.fetch(frame) local template = nil local return_value = nil -- Use demo parameter if it exists, otherswise use current template name local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if frame.args["demo"] and frame.args["demo"] ~= "" then template = frame.args["demo"] elseif namespace == 10 then -- Template namespace template = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text elseif namespace == 828 then -- Module namespace template = (mw.site.namespaces[828].name .. ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) end -- If in template or module namespace, look up count in /data if template ~= nil then namespace = mw.title.new(template, "Template").namespace if namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 then template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/doc$", "") -- strip /doc from end local index = mw.ustring.sub(mw.title.new(template).text,1,1) local status, data = pcall(function () return(mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion_count/data/' .. (mw.ustring.find(index, "%a") and index or "other"))) end) if status then return_value = tonumber(data[mw.ustring.gsub(template, " ", "_")]) end end end -- If database value doesn't exist, use value passed to template if return_value == nil and frame.args[1] ~= nil then local arg1=mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1], '[%d,]+') if arg1 and arg1 ~= '' then return_value = tonumber(frame:callParserFunction('formatnum', arg1, 'R')) end end return return_value end -- Tabulate this data for [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] function p.tabulate(frame) local list = {} for i = 65, 91 do local data = mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion count/data/' .. ((i == 91) and 'other' or string.char(i))) for name, count in pairs(data) do if not name:find(':') then name = 'Template:' .. name end table.insert(list, {name, count}) end end table.sort(list, function(a, b) return a[2] > b[2] end) local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); for i = 1, #list do list[i] = ('|-\n| %d || [[%s]] || %s\n'):format(i, list[i][1]:gsub('_', ' '), lang:formatNum(list[i][2])) end return table.concat(list) end return p f86liyjvoi7seys8t2y0uppl1r7npxt 828 10938 84003 2022-05-19T05:25:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Transclusion count/sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |beta}} Fetches usage data for highly-transcluded templates. Uses bot-updated values from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/|subpages of Module:Transclusion_count/data/]] when available. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fetch|''number of transclusions''|''use + notation''|all-pages=|demo=}}</code> * ''<code>number of transclusions</code>'': is a static number of times the template has been transcluded, to use when values cannot be read from the database. This value will be ignored if transclusion data is available for the current page. * <code>demo=''Template_name''</code>: will use the transclusion count for the template at [[Template:Template_name]] instead of detecting what template it is being used on. Capitalization must exactly match the value used in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Transclusion_count/data/]]. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|tabulate}}</code> * Used to generate [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> qgcz4igb664oq6j54b5u4nwr763cfzb 828 10939 84004 2022-05-19T05:29:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Icon]]. require("Module:No globals") local yesNo = require("Module:Yesno") local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local getPlain = nil local p = {} -- Determine whether we're being called from a sandbox local sandbox = mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or '' -- Implements [[Template:Icon]] -- Returns the icon image corresponding to a string (like 'B') function p._main(args, data) local data_module = 'Module:Icon/data'..sandbox data = data or mw.loadData(data_module) local code = args.class or args[1] local iconData if code then code = code:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$'):lower() -- trim whitespace and put in lower case iconData = data[code] end if not iconData then iconData = data._DEFAULT end return string.format( '[[File:%s%s%s|%s|class=noviewer|alt=%s]]', iconData.image, iconData.tooltip and '|' .. iconData.tooltip or '', iconData.link == false and '|link=' or '', args.size or '16x16px', iconData.alt or '' ) end -- Implements [[Template:Icon link]], a superset of [[Template:Icon]] -- Returns an icon, plus a suitably formatted wikilink function p._link(args, data) args.size = args.size or args.iconsize local icon = p._main(args, data) -- If no link given in args[2], default back to [[Template:Icon]] if not args[2] then return icon end -- Strip wiki markup out of link getPlain = getPlain or require("Module:Text").Text().getPlain local link = getPlain(args[2]) local display = args[3] or args[2] -- italicize display string, if requested if yesNo(args.i) or yesNo(args.italic) or yesNo(args.italics) then display = '<i>'..display..'</i>' end -- if display is link, just use standard wlink if link == display then return icon..'&nbsp;[['..link..']]' end return icon..'&nbsp;[['..link..'|'..display..']]' end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{parentFirst=true}) return p._main(args) end function p.link(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{parentFirst=true}) return p._link(args) end return p oedy9ta9fav8cqa69xr16gkuaqylbz1 828 10940 84005 2022-05-19T05:29:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module displays an icon depending on the code it is given. It implements [[Template:Icon]]. {{High-risk| approximately 313000 }} {{Module rating|protected}} == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext this module should be used via [[Template:Icon]]. Please see the template page for documentation. === From Lua === To use this module from another Lua module, first load it: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mIcon = require('Module:Icon') </syntaxhighlight> Then you can make icons with the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mIcon._main(args) </syntaxhighlight> The <var>args</var> variable is a table of arguments. This corresponds to the parameters accepted by [[Template:Icon]] - please see the template page for parameter documentation. == Data == The icon data is stored at [[Module:Icon/data]]. See the instructions there for how to add and remove icons. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> n9uoq0trs67hlq89e2z1uwr149rfc62 10 10941 84006 2022-05-19T05:30:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:FULLBASEPAGENAME wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if: {{Ns has subpages | {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{NAMESPACE:{{{1}}}}}|{{NAMESPACE}}}} }} | {{#if: {{#titleparts:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|-1}} | {{#titleparts:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|-1}} | {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} }} | {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ixr6ocr5zopgbfiuog5gfof9h5qt70j 10 10942 84007 2022-05-19T05:30:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:FULLBASEPAGENAME/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{high-use}} Get the namespace and the base page name of a page. It is similar to the template {{tl|FULLROOTPAGENAME}}, but returns the '''parent''' of the page hierarchy instead of the '''root'''. It is basically equivalent to using the magic word <code><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>. == Usage == * {{tlx|FULLBASEPAGENAME}} → {{FULLBASEPAGENAME}} * {{tlx|FULLBASEPAGENAME|Template:1x/sandbox}} → {{FULLBASEPAGENAME|Template:1x/sandbox}} * {{tlx|FULLBASEPAGENAME|Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Arbitration enforcement/Archive1}} → {{FULLBASEPAGENAME|Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Arbitration enforcement/Archive1}} In namespaces with subpages disabled, it will return the full page name: * {{tlx|FULLBASEPAGENAME|List of 28 Days/Weeks Later characters}} → {{FULLBASEPAGENAME|List of 28 Days/Weeks Later characters}} Note that this template can be substituted. == See also == * [[mw:Help:Magic words#Page names]] * {{tl|FULLROOTPAGENAME}} * {{tl|ROOTPAGENAME}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Wikipedia magic word templates]] }}</includeonly> 42hhra5qh8vd1oc93xgzlg1vdncygwf 10 10943 84008 2022-05-19T05:31:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ns has subpages wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Ns has subpages|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 0pg457y46td6p53rdt8tyc76jeg9pa8 10 10944 84009 2022-05-19T05:31:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ns has subpages/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{lua|Module:Ns has subpages}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> Detects whether the current or the given namespace has subpages enabled. Returns "yes" if it does, and an empty string otherwise. This template can be substituted. == Usage == * {{tlx|ns has subpages}} → {{ns has subpages}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|Template}} → {{ns has subpages|Template}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|Category}} → {{ns has subpages|Category}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|<nowiki></nowiki>}} <small>(''main space'')</small> → {{ns has subpages|}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|<nowiki>{{ns:0}}</nowiki>}} <small>(''main space'')</small> → {{ns has subpages|{{ns:0}}}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|:}} <small>(''main space'')</small> → {{ns has subpages|:}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|<nowiki>{{ns:Talk}}</nowiki>}} → {{ns has subpages|{{ns:Talk}}}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|{{ns:Category talk}}}} → {{ns has subpages|{{ns:Category talk}}}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|{{ns:File}}:Foo}} → {{ns has subpages|{{ns:File}}:Foo}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|Foo}} → {{ns has subpages|Foo}} * {{tlx|ns has subpages|:Template}} → {{ns has subpages|:Template}} == See also == *{{tlx|namespace detect}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> 2dcajyue7bxst2cmd9x7qrhy58safqo 828 10945 84010 2022-05-19T05:32:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Ns has subpages Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Ns has subpages]]. -- While the template is fairly simple, this information is made available to -- Lua directly, so using a module means that we don't have to update the -- template as new namespaces are added. local p = {} function p._main(ns, frame) -- Get the current namespace if we were not passed one. if not ns then ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace end -- Look up the namespace table from mw.site.namespaces. This should work -- for a majority of cases. local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] -- Try using string matching to get the namespace from page names. -- Do a quick and dirty bad title check to try and make sure we do the same -- thing as {{NAMESPACE}} in most cases. if not nsTable and type(ns) == 'string' and not ns:find('[<>|%[%]{}]') then local nsStripped = ns:gsub('^[_%s]*:', '') nsStripped = nsStripped:gsub(':.*$', '') nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[nsStripped] end -- If we still have no match then try the {{NAMESPACE}} parser function, -- which should catch the remainder of cases. Don't use a mw.title object, -- as this would increment the expensive function count for each new page -- tested. if not nsTable then frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local nsProcessed = frame:callParserFunction('NAMESPACE', ns) nsTable = nsProcessed and mw.site.namespaces[nsProcessed] end return nsTable and nsTable.hasSubpages end function p.main(frame) local ns = frame:getParent().args[1] if ns then ns = ns:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace ns = tonumber(ns) or ns end local hasSubpages = p._main(ns, frame) return hasSubpages and 'yes' or '' end return p qb0b1z2vff7kifnw21v205d791esbiz 828 10946 84011 2022-05-19T05:32:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Ns has subpages/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{Module rating|protected}} This module finds whether a given [[WP:NS|namespace]] can have subpages. == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext this module must be used via the {{tl|ns has subpages}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. === From Lua === Usually Lua modules should use <code>mw.site.namespaces[''namespace''].hasSubpages</code> rather than this module. But if you have a good reason, it can be accessed like this: Load the module: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mNsHasSubpages = require('Module:Ns has subpages') </syntaxhighlight> The subpage information can be found with the ._main function: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mNsHasSubpages._main(ns, frame) </syntaxhighlight> * <var>ns</var> is the namespace name, number, or a page name. It defaults to the current namespace. * <var>frame</var> is a frame object with which we can call frame:callParserFunction if necessary. This is optional, and intended for internal use. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> lxagr1w1yukhywz5774n47zk9323wco 828 10947 84012 2022-05-19T05:34:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/data Scribunto text/plain -- This module stores icon data for [[Module:Icon]]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Icon data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local data = { fa = { image = "Featured article star.svg", tooltip = "Featured article", link = true, }, far = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured article review", link = true, }, farc = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured article removal candidate", link = true, }, ffa = { aliases = {"dfa"}, image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Former featured article", link = true, }, fac = { aliases = {"fan"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured article candidate", link = true, }, ffac = { aliases = {"nofa"}, image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Failed featured article candidate", link = true, }, fl = { image = "Featured article star.svg", tooltip = "Featured list", link = true, }, flrc = { aliases = {"flr"}, image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured list removal candidate", link = true, }, ffl = { aliases = {"dfl"}, image = "Cscr-featured-strike.svg", tooltip = "Former featured list", link = true, }, flc = { aliases = {"fln"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured list candidate", link = true, }, fflc = { aliases = {"nofl"}, image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Failed featured list candidate", link = true, }, a = { image = "Symbol a class.svg", tooltip = "A-Class article", link = true, }, dac = { aliases = {"daa"}, image = "Symbol unsupport A vote.svg", tooltip = "Demoted A-Class article", link = true, }, acc = { aliases = {"acn", "aac"}, image = "A candidate.svg", tooltip = "A-Class article candidate", link = true, }, noac = { aliases = {"faac"}, image = "Symbol unsupport A vote.svg", tooltip = "Failed A-Class article candidate", link = true, }, ga = { image = "Symbol support vote.svg", tooltip = "Good article", link = false, }, gar = { image = "GA Candidate Neutral vote(ChaosNil).svg", tooltip = "Good article reassessment", link = false, }, dga = { image = "Symbol unsupport vote.svg", tooltip = "Delisted good article", link = false, }, gan = { aliases = {"gac"}, image = "GA candidate.svg", tooltip = "Good article nominee", link = false, }, ga2 = { image = "Symbol neutral vote.svg", tooltip = "Good article, 2nd opinion", link = false, }, gah = { image = "Symbol wait.svg", tooltip = "Good article on hold", link = false, }, fgan = { aliases = {"noga", "gaf", "gf"}, image = "Symbol oppose vote.svg", tooltip = "Failed good article nominee", link = false, }, fp = { image = "Cscr-featured.svg", tooltip = "Featured picture", link = true, }, fpc = { aliases = {"fpn"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured picture candidate", link = true, }, ffp = { image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Former featured picture", link = true, }, vp = { image = "ENWP VP Logo.svg", tooltip = "Valued picture", link = true, }, vpc = { image = "Valued pics 1.svg", tooltip = "Valued picture candidate", link = true, }, fs = { image = "Cscr-featured.svg", tooltip = "Featured sound", link = true, }, ffs = { image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Former featured sound", link = true, }, fsc = { image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured sound candidate", link = true, }, fpo = { image = "Linecons big-star.svg", tooltip = "Before the featured portal process ceased in 2017, this had been designated as a featured portal.", link = true, }, fpor = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured portal review", link = true, }, ffpo = { image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Former featured portal", link = true, }, fpoc = { image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured portal candidate", link = true, }, ft = { image = "Cscr-featuredtopic.svg", tooltip = "Featured topic", link = true, }, ftrc = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured topic removal candidate", link = true, }, fft = { aliases = {"dft"}, image = "DFT candidate_cluster.svg", tooltip = "Former featured topic", link = true, }, ftc = { aliases = {"ftn"}, image = "FT candidate cluster.svg", tooltip = "Featured topic candidate", link = false, }, gt = { image = "Support cluster.svg", tooltip = "Good topic", link = false, }, gtrc = { image = "Symbol unsupport vote.svg", tooltip = "Good topic removal candidate", link = false, }, gtc = { aliases = {"gtn"}, image = "GA candidate cluster.svg", tooltip = "Good topic candidate", link = false, }, bplus = { aliases = {"b+"}, image = "Symbol bplus class.svg", tooltip = "Bplus-Class article", link = true, }, b = { image = "Symbol b class.svg", tooltip = "B-Class article", link = true, }, br = { aliases = {"bcr"}, image = "Bclass-checklist.svg", tooltip = "B-Class review", link = true, }, c = { image = "Symbol c class.svg", tooltip = "C-Class article", link = true, }, start = { image = "Symbol start class.svg", tooltip = "Start-Class article", link = true, }, stub = { image = "Symbol stub class.svg", tooltip = "Stub-Class article", link = true, }, list = { aliases = {"comparison"}, image = "Symbol list class.svg", tooltip = "List-Class article", link = false, }, no = { image = "Crystal button cancel.svg", tooltip = "Unknown-Class article", link = true, }, book = { image = "Symbol book class2.svg", tooltip = "Wikipedia book", link = true, }, category = { aliases = {"cat", "categ"}, image = "Symbol category class.svg", tooltip = "Category", link = false, }, disambiguation = { aliases = {"dab", "disamb", "disambig"}, image = "Symbol dab class.svg", tooltip = "Disambiguation page", link = true, }, image = { aliases = {"file"}, image = "Symbol file class.svg", tooltip = "File", link = true, }, needed = { image = "Symbol needed class.svg", tooltip = "Needed article", link = false, }, outline = { image = "Global thinking.svg", tooltip = "Outline", link = false, }, portal = { image = "Symbol portal class.svg", tooltip = "Portal", link = true, }, project = { image = "Symbol project class.svg", tooltip = "Project page", link = false, }, redirect = { aliases = {"red", "redir"}, image = "Symbol redirect vote2.svg", tooltip = "Redirect", link = true, }, template = { aliases = {"temp", "templ"}, image = "Symbol template class.svg", tooltip = "Template", link = false, }, essay = { image = "Essay.svg", tooltip = "Essay", link = false, }, na = { image = "Symbol na class.svg", tooltip = "Non-article page", link = true, }, aa = { image = "Yes check.svg", tooltip = "Audited article of limited subject matter", link = false, }, da = { image = "Symbol oppose vote.svg", tooltip = "Demoted article", link = false, }, dyk = { image = "Symbol question.svg", tooltip = "Did You Know?", link = false, }, dyk2 = { image = "DYK questionmark icon.svg", tooltip = "Did You Know?", link = false, }, pr = { image = "Nuvola apps kedit.png", tooltip = "Peer review", link = true, }, ppr = { image = "Nuvola apps kedit.png", tooltip = "Portal peer review", link = true, }, q = { aliases = {"question"}, image = "Symbol question.svg", tooltip = "Question", link = false, }, cleanup = { image = "Edit-clear.svg", tooltip = "Cleanup work", link = false, }, qi = { image = "Quality images logo.svg", tooltip = "Quality image on Wikimedia Commons", link = false, }, vi = { image = "Valued image seal.svg", tooltip = "Valued image on Wikimedia Commons", link = false, }, tfa = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Today's Featured Article", link = true, }, tfl = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Today's Featured List", link = true, }, itn = { image = "Globe current.svg", tooltip = "In The News", link = true, }, otd = { image = "Nuvola apps date.svg", tooltip = "On This Day", link = true, }, wikiproject = { image = "People icon.svg", tooltip = "WikiProject", link = false, }, goce = { image = "Writing Magnifying.PNG", tooltip = "Guild of Copy Editors", link = true, }, wikipedia = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikipedia page", link = true, }, commons = { image = "Commons-logo.svg", tooltip = "Commons page", link = false, }, wikiquote = { image = "Wikiquote-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikiquote page", link = false, }, wikiversity = { image = "Wikiversity logo 2017.svg", tooltip = "Wikiversity page", link = true, }, wikibooks = { image = "Wikibooks-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikibooks page", link = true, }, wikisource = { image = "Wikisource-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikisource page", link = true, }, wiktionary = { image = "Wiktionary-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wiktionary page", link = true, }, wikinews = { image = "Wikinews-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikinews page", link = true, }, wikispecies = { image = "Wikispecies-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikispecies page", link = true, }, wikidata = { image = "Wikidata-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikidata page", link = false, }, wikivoyage = { image = "Wikivoyage-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikivoyage page", link = true, }, meta = { image = "Wikimedia Community Logo.svg", tooltip = "Meta-wiki page", link = false, }, four = { image = "Four Award.svg", tooltip = "Four Award", link = false, }, million = { image = "Million award logo.svg", tooltip = "Million Award", link = true, }, module = { image = "Lua-logo-nolabel.svg", tooltip = "Module", link = false, }, vital = { image = "Círculos_Concéntricos.svg", tooltip = "Vital article", link = false, }, _DEFAULT = { image = "Symbol question.svg", link = false, } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End icon data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Make aliases work the same as normal keys, and remove the "aliases" subtables. local ret= {} for code, iconData in pairs(data) do iconData.canonicalCode = code if iconData.aliases then for _, alias in ipairs(iconData.aliases) do ret[alias] = iconData end iconData.aliases = nil end ret[code] = iconData end return ret ghrq3a06mlbgu5aigpg3xs0ktnuseek 828 10948 84013 2022-05-19T05:34:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/data/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} This module stores icon data for [[Module:Icon]]. == Adding icons == To add a new icon, add a table in the following format: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> code = { image = "My image name.xyz", tooltip = "My tooltip text", link = true, }, </syntaxhighlight> The code should be in lower case. === Fields === * <code>image</code>: the image to be displayed. This should be without the <code>File:</code> prefix. So, if you wanted to add [[:File:Featured article star.svg]], you would use {{code|"Featured article star.svg"|lua}} here. If any of the text you add has double quotes in, you will need to escape it with backslashes like this: {{code|"My \"quoted\" image.svg"|lua}}. * <code>tooltip</code>: the tooltip to be displayed when hovering the mouse above the image. This is optional, although it is recommended you include it. * <code>link</code>: if false, the link to the file description page is suppressed. You should only set this to false if the icon image is in the public domain, or is released under a license that does not require attribution (such as [[CC-0]]). For images released under licenses that require attribution such as [[CC-BY-SA]] and the [[GFDL]], you should set this to true to preserve the link to the file description page. === Aliases === If you want to add aliases for the code, add an <code>aliases</code> table as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> code = { aliases = {"alias1", "alias2"}, image = "My image name.xyz", tooltip = "My tooltip text", link = true, }, </syntaxhighlight> Please make sure that any codes and aliases that you add don't match any existing codes or aliases. If they do, one of them will be overwritten with the other (and it's not possible to say for certain which will be overwritten with which). == Removing icons == Removing icons is fairly easy. Just remove the relevant entry from the data table. You should not remove the _DEFAULT entry, as [[Module:Icon]] relies on it being there, and removing it will cause script errors. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> i0dnna0ryz5ahfw97nrawqututb1ir0 10 10949 84014 2022-05-19T05:39:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Abbr wikitext text/x-wiki <abbr {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</abbr><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> b6zvtcrye54kh0akzk3y1jq9lxg4lm6 10 10950 84015 2022-05-19T05:40:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Abbr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{hatnote|For inline cleanup templates requesting definitions or explanations, see {{tl|Definition}} and {{tl|Explain}}.}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{High-use| 452316 }} {{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Tooltip|{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Tooltip/styles.css}}}} The template&nbsp;{{tl|Abbr}} is used to write an abbreviation (including an acronym or initialism) with its meaning. It is a wrapper for the [[HTML]] [[HTML element#General phrase elements|element]] {{tag|abbr}}, to create a [[tooltip]] indicating the meaning of the term. The {{tl|Tooltip}} variant is the same, except it uses the {{tag|span}} element, and is for providing mouse-over notes about non-abbreviations. {{strong|Please note: Do not use {{tnull|abbr}} or {{tag|abbr|o}} to mark up material other than abbreviations (including acronyms). Using it to generate tooltips elsewhere is a misuse of the underlying HTML and causes [[WP:Accessibility|accessibility]] problems. For general-purpose tooltips, use {{tlx|tooltip}} instead.}} Note that readers on mobile devices typically do not have a mouse to hover with, and so generally cannot see tooltip contents. Mobile users may access tooltips via a tap by modifying the settings for [[mw:Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], but this is not so useful on linked text, because the same tap that brings up the tooltip also follows the hyperlink to the destination page. As of 2021, approximately the same number of English Wikipedia page views occur on mobile vs. desktop web browsers.[https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|bar|2-year|access~desktop*mobile-app*mobile-web|monthly] == Usage == The template&nbsp;{{tlx|abbr}} and its {{tlx|tooltip}} variant take two unnamed parameters, in order: ;{{para|1}} or first unnamed parameter: the term to be explained; shows as text, and may use wikimarkup, such as a link to an article about what it refers to. ;{{para|2}} or second unnamed parameter: the expansion or definition or other note about the term; shows as the popup when you hover over the term. {{strong|No wikimarkup}} can be used in this parameter. Use explicitly numbered parameters if a parameter's content contains the equals ({{kbd|{{=}}}}) character: * Complex example: <code><nowiki>[[Mass–energy equivalence|{{</nowiki>'''abbr'''<nowiki>|{{math|''E'' {{=}} ''mc''<sup>2</sup>}}|</nowiki>'''2='''<nowiki>Energy = mass times the speed of light squared}}]]</nowiki></code> * Produces: [[Mass–energy equivalence|{{abbr|{{math|''E'' {{=}} ''mc''<sup>2</sup>}}|2=Energy = mass times the speed of light squared}}]] Named parameters (usually not needed) and the input they take: ;{{para|class}}: One or more CSS classes (space-separated if more than one) ;{{para|id}}: An HTML <code>id</code> (i.e., a <code>#{{var|ID name here}}</code> link anchor); this must be unique on the entire page. ;{{para|style}}: Arbitrary inline CSS to apply to the displayed text of the term (has no effect on the tooltip text). For any input that needs to be quotation-marked (e.g. because it contains a space character), use straight single-quotes only, e.g. {{para|style|font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;}} == Examples == {{markup |<nowiki>{{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}}</nowiki> |{{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}} }} When hovering over the text "{{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}}", something like {{titlehint|Mean Sea Level Pressure}} will appear as a tooltip in most browsers. Popular [[screen reader]]s, used by visually impaired readers, give the meaning in a different way. {{markup |<nowiki>{{abbr|UK|United Kingdom|class=country-name|id=foobar}}</nowiki> |{{abbr|UK|United Kingdom|class=country-name|id=foobar}} }} {{markup |<nowiki>[[WP:COI|{{tooltip|conflict of interest|in the specific sense employed in Wikipedia policy}}]]</nowiki> |[[WP:COI|{{tooltip|conflict of interest|in the specific sense employed in Wikipedia policy}}]] }} == Linking must be done a particular way == To wiki-link the abbreviation being marked up by this template, wrap the template in the link, not vice-versa, or the meaning will not appear in some browsers, including Chrome. {|class="wikitable" !Compatibility !Markup !Renders as |- !{{yes|Compatible}} |{{code|<nowiki>[[Knockout#Technical knockout|{{abbr|TKO|technical knockout}}]]</nowiki>}} |[[Knockout#Technical knockout|{{abbr|TKO|technical knockout}}]] |- !{{no|Less compatible}} |{{code|<nowiki>{{abbr|[[Knockout#Technical knockout|TKO]]|technical knockout}}</nowiki>}} |{{abbr|[[Knockout#Technical knockout|TKO]]|technical knockout}} |} '''Do not link, or use any other wikimarkup or HTML markup, in the <kbd><var>meaning</var></kbd> (popup) – only plain text.'''<br /> The mouse-over popup for the <kbd><var>meaning</var></kbd> text is created by a <code>title=</code> attribute inside an {{tag|abbr|o}} HTML element's opening tag, so it cannot itself contain any HTML (or markup that resolves to HTML when rendered). This includes simple things like <code><nowiki>''italics''</nowiki></code>. == Accessibility and HTML validity concerns == {{Tl|Abbr}} template is intended {{em|only}} for use with abbreviations (including acronyms and initialisms). The [[Web Content Accessibility Guidelines]] contain guidelines for using the {{tag|abbr|o}} element generated by this template; see section [http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H28.html H28: Providing definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr and acronym elements]. Furthermore, the HTML specifications (both those of the [[W3C]] and [[WHATWG]]) strictly define the {{tag|abbr|o}} element as reserved for markup of abbreviations. Abusing it for mouse-over tooltips breaks our [[Semantic HTML|semantic markup]] and makes our content {{em|invalid HTML}} (technically, "not [[Well-formed document|well-formed]]"; it will pass an basic [[Validator|automated validator]] test because such a tool can't tell that the logical application of the data to the structure isn't correct, only that tags are nested properly, etc.). == Redirects == The following template names will [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] to {{tl|Abbr}}: * {{tl|Abbrv}} * {{tl|Define}} {{tl|Tooltip}} is a separate template sharing the same documentation. == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <TemplateData> { "description": "This template defines an abbreviation or acronym, by creating a tooltip that is displayed on mouse-over.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Term", "description": "Shows as text", "type": "string/line", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Meaning", "description": "Shows as a mouse-over tooltip", "type": "string", "required": true }, "style": { "label": "CSS", "description": "applies the specified CSS directives to the content of parameter 1", "type": "string", "required": false }, "class": { "label": "Class", "description": "Adds a one or more CSS classes", "type": "string", "required": false }, "id": { "label": "ID", "description": "Adds an HTML id (must be unique in the page)", "type": "string", "required": false } } } </TemplateData> == See also == * {{tl|Abbrlink}}, a variant of this template that includes automatic wikilinking of the term (abbreviation). * {{tl|Hover title}}, same as {{tl|Tooltip}} except with parameters 1 and 2 reversed, and some parameters to control linking * {{tl|dfn}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Abbreviation templates| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] }}</includeonly> tk3nx5wn54j0thdlxxm9lc0brsdcuim 10 10951 84016 2022-05-19T05:40:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Big wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size: 120%;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you. --> </noinclude> h2e0f82fasmre1wg7mmooho2xrnyw8f 10 10952 84017 2022-05-19T05:40:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Big/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-warning-DS]]}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == Since {{tag|big}} is obsolete, this template may be used as a replacement for presentation markup. It takes one parameter: The text to enlarge. * {{tlx|big|<var>text to make larger</var>}} If the value passed to the template contains an "=" (equals sign) character it must be done like so: * {{tlx|big|1&#61;<var>text to make larger</var>}} or the offending "=" character(s) must be replaced with <code>&amp;#61;</code>. This template is compatible with the {{tl|IPA}}, and similar templates: * <code><nowiki>{{big|{{IPA|ὡ}}}}</nowiki></code> Example of typical usage: * <code><nowiki>Blah blah blah {{big|æ}} versus {{big|œ}} blah blah.</nowiki></code> This looks like: * Blah blah blah {{big|æ}} versus {{big|œ}} blah blah. {{Big/TemplateData}} == See also == {{font size templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Resizing templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> h3xkzd4bef7abeobdtz2iqdegbgnnrr 10 10953 84018 2022-05-19T05:41:28Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Abbr]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Abbr]] {{Rcat shell| {{R related}} {{R tsh}} }} 8q7baju53rjf2ipddc2n21cg8pzm4hp 10 10954 84019 2022-05-19T05:41:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Large wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:large">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Resize/doc}} {{/TemplateData}} </noinclude> 0gijrxd741ogviliqxufdqe0slv0ium 10 10955 84020 2022-05-19T05:42:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Resize/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{When pagename is | Template:Resize/doc = {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Resize/doc/main}} | Template:Resize/sandbox = {{Resize/doc/main}} | Template:Resize = {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Resize/doc/main}} | /doc = <div style="margin:0.5em 0;">This template is a tailored shortcut to {{tl|resize}}.</div> | other = {{COinS safe|n}} <div style="margin:0.5em 0;">This template is a tailored shortcut to {{tl|resize}}.</div> }} == Comparison == {{Resize shortcuts}} {{Font size templates}} == See also == * [[:Category:Resizing templates]] * {{tl|smalldiv}}, for wrapping multiple lines of text that cause syntax errors when wrapped by {{tl|resize}} or {{tl|small}} * [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/font-size font-size - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets | Mozilla Developer Network] {{Resize/TemplateData}} <includeonly>{{When pagename is | Template:Resize = {{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Resizing templates| ]] [[Category:TemplateData documentation with overload problems]] }} }}</includeonly> 7tk2lgrmxltusd0jyqnyu7ftb3y3u5w 828 10956 84021 2022-05-19T05:43:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Color contrast Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements -- {{Color contrast ratio}} -- {{Greater color contrast ratio}} -- {{ColorToLum}} -- {{RGBColorToLum}} -- local p = {} local HTMLcolor = mw.loadData( 'Module:Color contrast/colors' ) local function sRGB (v) if (v <= 0.03928) then v = v / 12.92 else v = math.pow((v+0.055)/1.055, 2.4) end return v end local function rgbdec2lum(R, G, B) if ( 0 <= R and R < 256 and 0 <= G and G < 256 and 0 <= B and B < 256 ) then return 0.2126 * sRGB(R/255) + 0.7152 * sRGB(G/255) + 0.0722 * sRGB(B/255) else return '' end end local function hsl2lum(h, s, l) if ( 0 <= h and h < 360 and 0 <= s and s <= 1 and 0 <= l and l <= 1 ) then local c = (1 - math.abs(2*l - 1))*s local x = c*(1 - math.abs( math.fmod(h/60, 2) - 1) ) local m = l - c/2 local r, g, b = m, m, m if( 0 <= h and h < 60 ) then r = r + c g = g + x elseif( 60 <= h and h < 120 ) then r = r + x g = g + c elseif( 120 <= h and h < 180 ) then g = g + c b = b + x elseif( 180 <= h and h < 240 ) then g = g + x b = b + c elseif( 240 <= h and h < 300 ) then r = r + x b = b + c elseif( 300 <= h and h < 360 ) then r = r + c b = b + x end return rgbdec2lum(255*r, 255*g, 255*b) else return '' end end local function color2lum(c) if (c == nil) then return '' end -- html '#' entity c = c:gsub("&#35;", "#") -- whitespace c = c:match( '^%s*(.-)[%s;]*$' ) -- unstrip nowiki strip markers c = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(c) -- lowercase c = c:lower() -- first try to look it up local L = HTMLcolor[c] if (L ~= nil) then return L end -- convert from hsl if mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then local h, s, l = mw.ustring.match(c,'^hsl%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$') return hsl2lum(tonumber(h), tonumber(s)/100, tonumber(l)/100) end -- convert from rgb if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9]*[%s]*%)$') then local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9]*)[%s]*%)$') return rgbdec2lum(tonumber(R), tonumber(G), tonumber(B)) end -- convert from rgb percent if mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*,[%s]*[0-9][0-9%.]*%%[%s]*%)$') then local R, G, B = mw.ustring.match(c,'^rgb%([%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*,[%s]*([0-9][0-9%.]*)%%[%s]*%)$') return rgbdec2lum(255*tonumber(R)/100, 255*tonumber(G)/100, 255*tonumber(B)/100) end -- remove leading # (if there is one) and whitespace c = mw.ustring.match(c, '^[%s#]*([a-f0-9]*)[%s]*$') -- split into rgb local cs = mw.text.split(c or '', '') if( #cs == 6 ) then local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[4]) local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[5]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[6]) return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B) elseif ( #cs == 3 ) then local R = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[1]) local G = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[2]) local B = 16*tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) + tonumber('0x' .. cs[3]) return rgbdec2lum(R, G, B) end -- failure, return blank return '' end -- This exports the function for use in other modules. -- The colour is passed as a string. function p._lum(color) return color2lum(color) end function p._greatercontrast(args) local bias = tonumber(args['bias'] or '0') or 0 local css = (args['css'] and args['css'] ~= '') and true or false local v1 = color2lum(args[1] or '') local c2 = args[2] or '#FFFFFF' local v2 = color2lum(c2) local c3 = args[3] or '#000000' local v3 = color2lum(c3) local ratio1 = -1; local ratio2 = -1; if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then ratio1 = (v2 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05) ratio1 = (ratio1 < 1) and 1/ratio1 or ratio1 end if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v3) == 'number') then ratio2 = (v3 + 0.05)/(v1 + 0.05) ratio2 = (ratio2 < 1) and 1/ratio2 or ratio2 end if css then local c1 = args[1] or '' if mw.ustring.match(c1, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or mw.ustring.match(c1, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then c1 = '#' .. c1 end if mw.ustring.match(c2, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or mw.ustring.match(c2, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then c2 = '#' .. c2 end if mw.ustring.match(v3, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') or mw.ustring.match(v3, '^[A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9][A-Fa-f0-9]$') then c3 = '#' .. c3 end return 'background-color:' .. c1 .. '; color:' .. ((ratio1 > 0) and (ratio2 > 0) and ((ratio1 + bias > ratio2) and c2 or c3) or '') .. ';' end return (ratio1 > 0) and (ratio2 > 0) and ((ratio1 + bias > ratio2) and c2 or c3) or '' end function p._ratio(args) local v1 = color2lum(args[1]) local v2 = color2lum(args[2]) if (type(v1) == 'number' and type(v2) == 'number') then -- v1 should be the brighter of the two. if v2 > v1 then v1, v2 = v2, v1 end return (v1 + 0.05)/(v2 + 0.05) else return args['error'] or '?' end end function p._styleratio(args) local style = (args[1] or ''):lower() local bg, fg = 'white', 'black' local lum_bg, lum_fg = 1, 0 if args[2] then local lum = color2lum(args[2]) if lum ~= '' then bg, lum_bg = args[2], lum end end if args[3] then local lum = color2lum(args[3]) if lum ~= '' then fg, lum_fg = args[3], lum end end local slist = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(style or '', '&#[Xx]23;', '#'), '&#35;', '#'), ';') for k = 1,#slist do local s = slist[k] local k,v = s:match( '^[%s]*([^:]-):([^:]-)[%s;]*$' ) k = k or '' v = v or '' if (k:match('^[%s]*(background)[%s]*$') or k:match('^[%s]*(background%-color)[%s]*$')) then local lum = color2lum(v) if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_bg = v, lum end elseif (k:match('^[%s]*(color)[%s]*$')) then local lum = color2lum(v) if( lum ~= '' ) then bg, lum_fg = v, lum end end end if lum_bg > lum_fg then return (lum_bg + 0.05)/(lum_fg + 0.05) else return (lum_fg + 0.05)/(lum_bg + 0.05) end end --[[ Use {{#invoke:Color contrast|somecolor}} directly or {{#invoke:Color contrast}} from a wrapper template. Parameters: -- |1= — required; A color to check. --]] function p.lum(frame) local color = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] return p._lum(color) end function p.ratio(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._ratio(args) end function p.styleratio(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._styleratio(args) end function p.greatercontrast(frame) local args = frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return p._greatercontrast(args) end return p 3j3oaih63ygo9p806h5yxpscaqh3xu9 828 10957 84022 2022-05-19T05:43:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Color contrast/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{module rating|protected}} {{High-use|325916}} {{Lua|Module:Color&nbsp;contrast/colors}} This module is used primarily by * {{tl|Color contrast ratio}} * {{tl|ColorToLum}} / {{tl|RGBColorToLum}} * {{tl|Color contrast conformance}} * {{tl|Ensure AAA contrast ratio}} * {{tl|Ensure AA contrast ratio}} * {{tl|Greater color contrast ratio}} It is also used for tracking within * [[Module:Navbox]] * [[Module:Userbox]] * [[Module:Episode list]] and for documentation in * [[Module:College color]] The formulas used are [https://www.w3.org/WAI/GL/wiki/Relative_luminance#Definition_as_Stated_in_WCAG_2.x stated in WCAG 2.x specifications]. [[WCAG]] is the main guideline for creating accessible interfaces on the web. == Usage == To use this module, you may use one of the above listed templates or invoke the module directly * To compute relative luminescence: <br> <code><nowiki>{{ColorToLum|color}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Color contrast|lum|color}}</nowiki></code> * To compute a contrast ratio between two colors: <br> <code><nowiki>{{Color contrast ratio|color1|color2|error=?}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Color contrast|ratio|color1|color2|error=?}}</nowiki></code> * To determine which of two colors (color2a and color2b) has the greater contrast ratio with a particular color (color1): <br> <code><nowiki>{{Greater color contrast ratio|color1|color2a|color2b}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Color contrast|greatercontrast|color1|color2a|color2b}}</nowiki></code> * To compute the contrast ratio between the background and text colors specified in a css style string: <br> <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Color contrast|styleratio|css style statement string|default background color|default text color}}</nowiki></code> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules handling colors]] }}</includeonly> m98704f5x52mponx9wnnwq5487ow111 10 10958 84023 2022-05-19T05:44:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name = Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |title = :[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|20px]] [[Wikipedia:Awards|Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia]] |bodyclass = hlist |listclass = hlist |image = [[File:Blason-Semis-de-Wiki-sur-fond-d%27argent.PNG|80px|right]] |above = Sorted by bestower |group1 = By co-founder [[Jimmy Wales]] |list1 = * [[File:Jimbo medal3.png|20px|link=Wikipedia:Wikipedia holidays]] [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia holidays|Order of the Day]] * [[File:Wikimania logo with text.svg|20px|link=Wikimedian of the Year]] [[Wikimedian of the Year]] ** also by country |group2 = By the<br />[[Wikipedia community]] |list2 = * [[File:Trophy.png|14px|link=Wikipedia:WikiCup]] [[Wikipedia:WikiCup|WikiCup]] * [[File:Editor of the week barnstar.svg|20px|link=Wikipedia:WikiProject Editor Retention/Editor of the Week]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Editor Retention/Editor of the Week|Editor of the Week]] * [[File:Golden W Award2.png|14px|link=Wikipedia:W Awards]] [[Wikipedia:W Awards|W Award]] * [[File:Four Award.svg|20px|link=Wikipedia:Four Award]] [[Wikipedia:Four Award|Four Award]] * [[File:Crown of Savoy.svg|20px|link=Wikipedia:Triple Crown]] [[Wikipedia:Triple Crown|Triple Crown]] * [[File:Million award logo.svg|20px|link=Wikipedia:Million Award]] [[Wikipedia:Million Award|Million Award]] *[[File:Original Barnstar Hires.svg|20px|link=Wikipedia:Barnstars]] [[Wikipedia:Barnstars|Barnstars on Wikipedia]] ** [[File:Original Ribbon.png|40px]] [[Wikipedia:Ribbons|Ribbons]] ** [[Wikipedia:Userboxes/Barnstar|Userboxes]] *[[File:WikiProject Barnstar Hires.png|20px|link=Wikipedia:Awards by WikiProject]] [[Wikipedia:Awards by WikiProject|Awards by WikiProject]] *{{pad|2px}}[[File:BoNM - United Nations Hires.png|11px|link=Wikipedia:Barnstars/Barnstar of National Merit]]{{pad|2px}} [[Wikipedia:Barnstars/Barnstar of National Merit|Awards by country]] *{{pad|2px}}[[File:BoNM - United Nations Hires.png|11px|link=Wikipedia:Barnstars 2.0/Barnstar of National Merit]]{{pad|2px}} [[Wikipedia:Barnstars 2.0/Barnstar of National Merit|Barnstars 2.0 by country]] * [[File:WikiMedal for Janitorial Services.png|18px|link=Wikipedia:Other awards]] [[Wikipedia:Other awards|Other related awards]] * [[File:Choco chip cookie.png|22px|link=Wikipedia:Personal user awards]]&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:Personal user awards|Personal user awards]] * [[File:Yogo2783 Close crop.JPG|22px|link=Wikipedia:WikiProject Quality Article Improvement/Precious]]&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Quality Article Improvement/Precious|Precious]] * [[File:Cherry crashing into primordial Earth2.png|22px|link=Wikipedia:WikiProject Quality Article Improvement/Precious]]&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Quality Article Improvement/Impact|Impact]] |group3 = Autonomously |list3 = * [[File:Editorrib22.svg|40px|link=Wikipedia:Service awards]] [[Wikipedia:Service awards|Service awards]] * [[File:Editorrib05-4.svg|40px|link=Wikipedia:Incremental service awards (Ribbons)]] [[Wikipedia:Incremental service awards (Ribbons)|Incremental service awards]] * [[File:Adminrib20.svg|40px|link=Wikipedia:Administrative service awards]] [[Wikipedia:Administrative service awards|Administrative service awards]] |group4 = See also |list4 = * [[Wikipedia:Reward board|Reward board]] * [[Wikipedia:Contests|Contests]] * [[File:Wikilove2.png|22px|link=Wikipedia:WikiLove]] [[Wikipedia:WikiLove|WikiLove]] ** [[Wikipedia:Compliment before criticism|Compliment before criticism]] ** [[File:Peace dove.gif|22px|Peace dove]] [[Wikipedia:Kindness Campaign|Kindness Campaign]] * [[File:Echo thanks.svg|22px|link=Help:Notifications/Thanks]] [[Help:Notifications/Thanks|Thanks!]] |group5 = By the<br />[[Wikimedia Foundation]] |list5 = * [[File:GlobePolo.jpeg|20px|link=Wikipedia:Merchandise giveaways]] [[Wikipedia:Merchandise giveaways|Merchandise giveaways]] | below = * [[File:BronzepzpcbgA.png|22px]] [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikipedia Awards|WikiProject Wikipedia Awards]] * [[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|22px]] [[Wikipedia:Community portal|Wikipedia community portal]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> d9tshjm424s2dcj4v6t0ngt9s2hqcmw 10 10959 84024 2022-05-19T05:44:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{collapsible option}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals templates|Wikipedia]] [[Category:Wikipedia award templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia-internal navigational templates]] }}</includeonly> cfn0hsy6nqbcfzgtqm9wyerd5je435q 10 10960 84025 2022-05-19T05:45:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pad wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="padding-left:{{{1|1.0em}}};">&nbsp;</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4e4agtdwop3pzxgrdhw2s470y36e82h 10 10961 84026 2022-05-19T05:45:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pad/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --> ==Usage== Use {{tl|pad}} to insert a horizontally padding HTML {{tag|span|open}} inline. The template takes one unnamed parameter; a width value specified in <code>[[Pixel|px]]</code>, <code>[[Em (typography)|em]]</code> or <code>[[x-height|ex]]</code> (other CSS units&nbsp;– in, cm, pc, pt&nbsp;– are supported as well, but not recommended, typically at 96dpi conversion ratio). The default is <code>1 em</code>. '''The result is the specified padding followed by an &amp;nbsp;''' ([[non-breaking space]]&nbsp;– at 100% font size (8pt), typically 3px wide in narrow fonts like Arial and Tahoma, 4px in wider fonts like Arial Black and Verdana). ==Examples== Indenting by 50 pixels plus an &amp;nbsp; (53px in Arial): * <code>Indenting 50px causes<nowiki><br />{{pad|50px}}</nowiki>this amount of space.</code> ''Produces:'' * Indenting 50px causes<br />{{pad|50px}}this amount of space. Width of a typical year-range in Arial font (4.8em plus an &amp;nbsp;): * <code>1492–1540 Exploration by<nowiki><br />{{pad|4.8em}}</nowiki>Columbus & others.</code> ''Produces:'' * 1492–1540 Exploration by<br />{{pad|4.8em}}Columbus & others. This is better produced by: * <syntaxhighlight lang="text" inline>1492–1540 Exploration by<br/>{{hidden text|1492–1540}} Columbus & others.</syntaxhighlight> ''Which produces:'' * 1492–1540 Exploration by<br />{{hidden text|1492–1540}} Columbus & others However, some digits supposedly require less space: * <code>1111–1117 Exploration by<nowiki><br />{{pad|4.4em}}</nowiki>Explorer Bob.</code> ''Produces:'' * 1111–1117 Exploration by<br />{{pad|4.4em}}Explorer Bob. But actually not: * <syntaxhighlight lang="text" inline>1111–1117 Exploration by<br/>{{hidden text|9999–9999}} Explorer Bob.</syntaxhighlight> ''Produces:'' * 1111–1117 Exploration by<br/>{{hidden text|9999–9999}} Explorer Bob. Spacing is, of course, different between fonts, too: * {{Font|This is text 0123456789 in Arial<br />{{Pad|100px}}and this is indented by 100px + 1 &amp;nbsp;<br />{{Pad|9em}}and this is indented by 9em + 1 &amp;nbsp;|font=Arial}} * {{Font|This is text 0123456789 in Times New Roman<br />{{Pad|100px}}and this is indented by 100px+ 1 &amp;nbsp;<br />{{Pad|9em}}and this is indented by 9em + 1 &amp;nbsp;|font=Times New Roman}} * {{Font|This is text 0123456789 in Arial Black<br />{{Pad|100px}}and this is indented by 100px + 1 &amp;nbsp;<br />{{Pad|9em}}and this is indented by 9em + 1 &amp;nbsp;|font=Arial Black}} * {{Font|This is text 0123456789 in Lucida Console<br />{{Pad|100px}}and this is indented by 100px+ 1 &amp;nbsp;<br />{{Pad|9em}}and this is indented by 9em + 1 &amp;nbsp;|font=Lucida Console}} ''Note: 1em is typically 11.2px at 100% font size (8 point), 21.3px at 200% font size (16 point), and 32px at 300% font size (24pt).'' == See also == {{Inline spacing templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> degwjqqpybef89e2o319gdqc8zyy10q 10 10962 84027 2022-05-19T05:49:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yesno-no wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />yesno|{{{1}}}|yes={{{yes|yes}}}|no={{{no|no}}}|blank={{{blank|no}}}|¬={{{¬|no}}}|def={{{def|no}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Yesno/doc}} <!--Categories go in the doc page referenced above; interwikis go in Wikidata.--> </noinclude> 34vmtxa9ubuh1vz2ulp78m5ela68riu 828 10963 84028 2022-05-19T05:50:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Color contrast/colors Scribunto text/plain return { aliceblue = 0.92880068253475, antiquewhite = 0.84646951707754, aqua = 0.7874, aquamarine = 0.8078549208338, azure = 0.97265264954166, beige = 0.8988459998705, bisque = 0.80732327372979, black = 0, blanchedalmond = 0.85084439608156, blue = 0.0722, blueviolet = 0.12622014321946, brown = 0.098224287876511, burlywood = 0.51559844533893, cadetblue = 0.29424681085422, chartreuse = 0.76032025902623, chocolate = 0.23898526114557, coral = 0.37017930872924, cornflowerblue = 0.30318641994179, cornsilk = 0.93562110372965, crimson = 0.16042199953026, cyan = 0.7874, darkblue = 0.018640801980939, darkcyan = 0.20329317839046, darkgoldenrod = 0.27264703559993, darkgray = 0.39675523072563, darkgreen = 0.091143429047575, darkgrey = 0.39675523072563, darkkhaki = 0.45747326349994, darkmagenta = 0.07353047651207, darkolivegreen = 0.12651920884889, darkorange = 0.40016167026524, darkorchid = 0.13413142174857, darkred = 0.054889674531132, darksalmon = 0.40541471563381, darkseagreen = 0.43789249325969, darkslateblue = 0.065792846227988, darkslategray = 0.067608151928044, darkslategrey = 0.067608151928044, darkturquoise = 0.4874606277449, darkviolet = 0.10999048339343, deeppink = 0.23866895828276, deepskyblue = 0.44481603395575, dimgray = 0.14126329114027, dimgrey = 0.14126329114027, dodgerblue = 0.27442536991456, firebrick = 0.10724525535015, floralwhite = 0.95922484825004, forestgreen = 0.18920812076002, fuchsia = 0.2848, gainsboro = 0.71569350050648, ghostwhite = 0.94311261886323, gold = 0.69860877428159, goldenrod = 0.41919977809569, gray = 0.2158605001139, green = 0.15438342968146, greenyellow = 0.80609472611453, grey = 0.2158605001139, honeydew = 0.96336535554782, hotpink = 0.34658438169715, indianred = 0.21406134963884, indigo = 0.03107561486337, ivory = 0.99071270600615, khaki = 0.77012343394121, lavender = 0.80318750514521, lavenderblush = 0.90172748631046, lawngreen = 0.73905893124963, lemonchiffon = 0.94038992245622, lightblue = 0.63709141280807, lightcoral = 0.35522120733135, lightcyan = 0.94587293494829, lightgoldenrodyellow = 0.93348351018297, lightgray = 0.65140563741982, lightgreen = 0.69091979956865, lightgrey = 0.65140563741982, lightpink = 0.58566152734898, lightsalmon = 0.4780675225206, lightseagreen = 0.35050145117042, lightskyblue = 0.56195637618331, lightslategray = 0.23830165007287, lightslategrey = 0.23830165007287, lightsteelblue = 0.53983888284666, lightyellow = 0.98161818392882, lime = 0.7152, limegreen = 0.44571042246098, linen = 0.88357340984379, magenta = 0.2848, maroon = 0.045891942324215, mediumaquamarine = 0.49389703310801, mediumblue = 0.044077780212328, mediumorchid = 0.21639251153773, mediumpurple = 0.22905858091648, mediumseagreen = 0.34393112338131, mediumslateblue = 0.20284629471622, mediumspringgreen = 0.70704308194184, mediumturquoise = 0.5133827926448, mediumvioletred = 0.14371899849357, midnightblue = 0.02071786635086, mintcream = 0.97834604947588, mistyrose = 0.82183047859185, moccasin = 0.80083000991567, navajowhite = 0.76519682342785, navy = 0.015585128108224, oldlace = 0.91900633405549, olive = 0.20027537200568, olivedrab = 0.22593150951929, orange = 0.4817026703631, orangered = 0.25516243753416, orchid = 0.31348806761439, palegoldenrod = 0.78792647887614, palegreen = 0.77936759006353, paleturquoise = 0.76436077921714, palevioletred = 0.28754994117889, papayawhip = 0.87797100199835, peachpuff = 0.74905589878251, peru = 0.30113074877936, pink = 0.63271070702466, plum = 0.45734221587969, powderblue = 0.68254586500605, purple = 0.061477070432439, rebeccapurple = 0.07492341159447, red = 0.2126, rosybrown = 0.32319457649407, royalblue = 0.16663210743188, saddlebrown = 0.097922285020521, salmon = 0.36977241527596, sandybrown = 0.46628543696283, seagreen = 0.19734199706275, seashell = 0.92737862206922, sienna = 0.13697631337098, silver = 0.52711512570581, skyblue = 0.55291668518184, slateblue = 0.14784278062136, slategray = 0.20896704076536, slategrey = 0.20896704076536, snow = 0.96533341834849, springgreen = 0.73052306068529, steelblue = 0.20562642207625, tan = 0.48237604163921, teal = 0.16996855778968, thistle = 0.56818401093733, tomato = 0.30638612719415, turquoise = 0.5895536427578, violet = 0.40315452986676, wheat = 0.74909702820482, white = 1, whitesmoke = 0.91309865179342, yellow = 0.9278, yellowgreen = 0.50762957208707, } chi69ar1btd4wp6xbk3uez6sfu0vipn 828 10964 84029 2022-05-19T05:50:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Color contrast/colors/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Module rating |protected}} This module contains the [[relative luminance]] of [[HTML colors]]. It is used in [[Module:Color contrast]]. 5b9zr7e5vktg5e8kilkuash67tgv7z3 10 10965 84030 2022-05-19T05:51:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Commons-inline wikitext text/x-wiki {{sister-inline |short={{{short|}}} |project=commons |list={{{list|}}} |links={{#if:{{{links|}}}|{{{links}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:Commons link|getGalleryOrCategory|{{{1|}}}|linktext={{{2|}}}|search={{{search|}}}|<!-- -->qid={{{qid|}}}|italic={{{italic|}}}|tracking={{#if:{{{search|}}}{{{notrack|}}}||1}}}}}} |extratext={{{extratext|}}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> bjqpq38roxhykfqjg7a0ghtgduj6lu9 10 10966 84031 2022-05-19T05:51:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Commons-inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Commons link}} ==Usage== <pre> {{Commons-inline|Commons-gallery-page-name}} </pre> Commons gallery page name is optional: if missing, the template will look up the associated gallery in Wikidata. If that's missing, it will find associated category. If that's missing, it will finally will fall back to Commons search. ; Full syntax <pre> {{Commons-inline |list= wikitext for a list |links= wikitext to override default link |Commons-gallery-page-name= |extratext= extra text |search= string to search in Commons |notrack= turn off tracking categories |italic= italicize link text }} </pre> ==Examples== ; Normal <pre>{{Commons-inline|Work}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|Work}} ; Text override Work is the link target and Puffle is the link label. <pre>{{Commons-inline|Work|Puffle}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|Work|Puffle}}<br> ; Full link override <pre>{{Commons-inline|links=[[commons:Foo|]] and [[commons:Bar|]]}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|links=[[commons:Foo|Foo]] and [[commons:Bar|Bar]]}} ; List format <pre>{{Commons-inline|list= * [[commons:Foo|Foo]] * [[commons:Bar|Bar]] * [[commons:Row|Row]] * [[commons:Dee|Dee]] }}</pre> {{Commons-inline|list= * [[commons:Foo|Foo]] * [[commons:Bar|Bar]] * [[commons:Row|Row]] * [[commons:Dee|Dee]] }} ; Another list format, including Commons templates: <pre>{{Commons-inline|list= :[[c:Commons:Timed Text|Commons:Timed Text]] :<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Commons:Template:Captions requested|Captions requested]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> }}</pre> {{Commons-inline|list= :[[c:Commons:Timed Text|Commons:Timed Text]] :<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Commons:Template:Captions requested|Captions requested]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> }} ; Extra text <pre>{{Commons-inline|Work|extratext=&#32;Extra text}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|Work|extratext=&#32;Extra text}} ; Force Commons search <pre>{{Commons-inline|search=Work}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|search=Work}} ; Turn off tracking categories (for use inside other templates) <pre>{{Commons-inline|Work|notrack=1}}</pre> {{Commons-inline|Work|notrack=1}} == Tracking categories == === Normal categories === * {{clc|Commons link from Wikidata}} * {{clc|Commons link is on Wikidata}} === Maintenance categories === * {{clc|Commons link is defined as the pagename}} * {{clc|Commons link is locally defined}} * {{clc|Commons link is the pagename}} * {{clc|Inconsistent wikidata for Commons gallery}} ==See also== {{Commons templates see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Exclude in print]] [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] [[Category:Wikimedia Commons templates]] }}</includeonly> ifosfqk2ycdlu1xj4ij4pojr40lgphh 10 10967 84032 2022-05-19T05:52:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sister-inline wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{project|}}}}} | commons|commonscat = Commons-logo.svg | meta|metawiki|m = Wikimedia Community Logo.svg | wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg | wikidata|data = Wikidata-logo.svg | cookbook = Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg | wikijunior = Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg | wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Wikiquote-logo.svg | wikipedia|wp|w = Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg | wikisource|wikisource2|source|source2|ws|ws2|s|s2 = Wikisource-logo.svg | wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg | wikinews|news|wnw|n = Wikinews-logo.svg | wikispecies|species = Wikispecies-logo.svg | wikiversity|wvy|v = Wikiversity logo 2017.svg | wikivoyage|voyage|voy = Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg | mediawiki|mw = Mediawiki.png | outreachwiki|outreach = Wikimedia Outreach.png | incubator = Incubator-notext.svg | #default = Wikimedia-logo.svg }}|16x16px|class=noviewer|alt=]] {{#if:{{{short|}}}|{{{links|}}}|{{#if:{{{list|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{project|}}}}} | commons = Related media at Wikimedia Commons | commonscat = Related categories at Wikimedia Commons | meta|metawiki|m = | wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = Texts at Wikibooks | wikidata|data = | cookbook = Cookbooks at Wikibooks | wikijunior = Wikijunior at Wikibooks | wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Quotations on Wikiquote | wikipedia|wp|w = | wikisource|wikisource2|source|source2|ws|ws2|s|s2 = Texts on Wikisource | wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = Definitions and translations at Wiktionary | wikinews|news|wnw|n = | wikispecies|species = Data related to Wikispecies | wikiversity|wvy|v = Learning materials from Wikiversity | wikivoyage|voyage|voy = Travel information on Wikivoyage | mediawiki|mw = | outreachwiki|outreach = | incubator = | #default = }}: {{{list}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{project|}}}}} | commons = Media related to {{{links|}}} at Wikimedia Commons | commonscat = Media related to {{{links|}}} at Wikimedia Commons | meta|metawiki|m = | wikibooks|wbk|wb|b = {{{links|}}} at Wikibooks{{{extratext|}}} | wikidata|data = | cookbook = {{{links|}}} at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject{{{extratext|}}} | wikijunior = {{{links|}}} at the Wikibooks Wikijunior subproject{{{extratext|}}} | wikiquote|quote|wqt|q = Quotations related to {{{links|}}} at Wikiquote | wikipedia|wp|w = | wikisource|source|ws|s = Works related to {{{links|}}} at Wikisource | wikisource2|source2|ws2|s2 = The full text of {{{links|}}} at Wikisource | wiktionary|wkt|wdy|d = The dictionary definition of {{{links|}}} at Wiktionary | wikinews|news|wnw|n = | wikispecies|species = Data related to {{{links|}}} at Wikispecies | wikiversity|wvy|v = Learning materials related to {{{links|}}} at Wikiversity | wikivoyage|voyage|voy = {{{links|}}} travel guide from Wikivoyage | mediawiki|mw = | outreachwiki|outreach = | incubator = | #default = }}{{{extratext|}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> jeg7cizajsvd0kkiozuf9g8b5npiieg 10 10968 84033 2022-05-19T05:52:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sister-inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} This is a meta-template used for creating interwiki links to other [[WP:sister projects|sister projects]] of Wikipedia. Note that links to other ''language'' Wikipedias should ''not'' use links in this form, instead use [[WP:Wikidata|Wikidata]] to add them to the sidebar. This is a companion template to {{tl|sister project}} to be used where a floating side box causes layout problems on short articles. == Usage == This template should normally be placed at the top of the ''External links'' section at the end of an article, if the article has a section for [[WP:EL|external links]]. If no such section exists, then please place it at the top of the last section in <nowiki>the article</nowiki>. On [[WP:DAB|disambiguation pages]], this template should be listed above other text, but below any cleanup templates, images, infoboxes or navboxes.<!-- Per WP:ACCESS, cleanup templates, images, infoboxes, and navboxes are always<nowiki> first</nowiki>. --> *'''{{para|project}}''' The sister project to link to. Used to select the displayed logo and the text. *'''{{para|links}}''' A single interwiki link to the article at the sister project. Displays with text such as "Media related to <code><nowiki>{{{links}}}</nowiki></code> at Wikimedia Commons" *'''{{para|list}}''' Alternatively, a list of multiple links to articles at sister projects. Displays with text such as "Related media at Wikimedia Commons: <code><nowiki>{{{list}}}</nowiki></code>" '''Example:''' <pre> {{sister-inline |project=commons |links=[[commons:Dog|Dogs]] }} </pre> {{sister-inline |project=commons |links=[[commons:Dog|Dogs]] }} Adding <code>|short=yes</code> will omit the following explanatory text; this can be useful for adding short links to [[WP:NAVBOX|navigational boxes]], for instance. This permits the link's text to differ from the link's address in namespace. '''Example:''' <pre> {{sister-inline |project=v |links=[[v:Category:Wikiversity quizzes placed on Wikipedia|Quizzes on Wikipedia articles can be found at Wikiversity]] |short=yes }} </pre> {{sister-inline |project=v |links=[[v:Category:Wikiversity quizzes placed on Wikipedia|Quizzes on Wikipedia articles can be found at Wikiversity]] |short=yes }} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This is a meta-template used for creating interwiki links to other sister projects of Wikipedia. Note that links to other ''language'' Wikipedias should ''not'' use links in this form, instead use Wikidata to add them to the sidebar.\n\nThis is a companion template to {{tl|sister project}} to be used where a floating side box causes layout problems on short articles.", "paramOrder": [ "project", "list", "links", "short", "extratext" ], "params": { "links": { "label": "Link(s)", "description": "Code that renders one or more sister project link. You need command of Wikimarkup. Multiple links can be separated with comma plus space. This parameter is ignored if \"List of links\" parameter is included.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "list": { "label": "List of links", "description": "Code that renders a list of links. You need command of Wikimarkup. Overrides \"Link(s)\" parameter.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "project": { "label": "Project name", "description": "The sister project to link to. This parameter is used to customize text and logo and has otherwise no other impact. Acceptable values are: commons, commonscat, meta, (metawiki, m), wikibooks, (wbk, wb, b), wikidata, (data), cookbook, wikiquote, (quote, wqt, q), wikipedia, (wp, w), wikisource, (wikisource2, source, source2, ws, ws2, s, s2), wiktionary, (wkt, wdy, d), wikinews, (news, wnw, n), wikispecies, (species), wikiversity, (wvy, v), wikivoyage, (voyage, voy), mediawiki, (mw), outreachwiki, (outreach), incubator", "type": "string" }, "short": { "label": "Short?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"yes\" omits rendering text labels and causes the content of \"List of links\" parameter to be inserted.", "type": "boolean", "autovalue": "yes", "suggested": true }, "extratext": { "label": "Extra text", "description": "Trailing text appended to the end of everything rendered.", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Sister project}} * {{tl|Interlanguage link}} * [[Help:Interlanguage links]] * [[Help:Interwikimedia links]] * [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects]] * [[Wikipedia:Babel]] – Userpage language proficiency banners * [[Wikipedia:Translation]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Interwiki link templates| ]] [[Category:Exclude in print|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> nbonorr2yvwi93900w4zejlyyh70q0r 828 10969 84034 2022-05-19T05:53:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Commons link Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals') -- Module to find commons galleries and categories based on wikidata entries local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesNo = require('Module:Yesno') local generateWarning = require('Module:If preview')._warning local p = {} -- Check if string is a valid QID -- Argument: QID to check -- Returns: valid (bool) local function _validQID(qid) return qid and mw.ustring.find(qid,"^[Qq]%d+$") end -- Check if string is a valid wikidata property string -- Argument: property string to check -- Returns: valid (bool) local function _validProp(prop) return prop and mw.ustring.find(prop,"^[Pp]%d+$") end local function _lcfirst(s) return mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(s,1,1))..mw.ustring.sub(s,2) end -- Format displayed linktext -- Arguments: -- s = string to display -- formatting = formatting table: -- formatting.linktext = if defined, override s -- formatting.lcfirst = lower case the first letter in display -- formatting.bold = whether to bold the display -- formatting.italic = whether to italicize the display -- formatting.nowrap = set nowrapping -- Returns: -- formatted string local function _formatResult(s, formatting) local resultVal = formatting.linktext or s if formatting.lcfirst then resultVal = _lcfirst(resultVal) end local style = "" if formatting.italic then style = "font-style:italic; " end if formatting.bold then style = style.."font-weight:bold; " end if formatting.nowrap then style = style.."white-space:nowrap; " end if style ~= "" then resultVal = '<span style="'..mw.text.trim(style)..'">'..resultVal..'</span>' end return resultVal end -- Get title, namespace, and QID for current page -- Arguments: -- qid = testing only: get title of alternative page with QID=qid -- nsQid = whether to return the ns of the qid page or current -- Returns: -- title, namespace (string), qid of current page (or test page) local function _getTitleQID(qid,nsQid) local titleObject = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- look up qid for current page (if not testing) local nsText = mw.ustring.gsub(titleObject.nsText,"_"," ") if not _validQID(qid) then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() return titleObject.text, nsText, qid end -- testing-only path: given a qid, determine title -- always use namespace from current page (to suppress tracking cat) qid = qid:upper() local title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) or "" -- strip any namespace from sitelink local firstColon = mw.ustring.find(title,':',1,true) local qidNsText = "" if firstColon then qidNsText = mw.ustring.sub(title,1,firstColon-1) title = mw.ustring.sub(title,firstColon+1) end if nsQid then return title, qidNsText, qid end return title, nsText, qid end -- Lookup Commons gallery in Wikidata -- Arguments: -- qid = QID of current article -- fetch = whether to lookup Commons sitelink (bool) -- commonsSitelink = default value for Commons sitelink -- Returns: -- categoryLink = name of Commons category, nil if nothing is found -- consistent = multiple wikidata fields are examined: are they consistent? -- commonsSitelink = commons sitelink for current article local function _lookupGallery(qid,fetch,commonsSitelink) if not _validQID(qid) then return nil, true, nil end qid = qid:upper() local galleryLink = nil local consistent = true -- look up commons sitelink for article, use if not category if fetch then commonsSitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid,"commonswiki") or commonsSitelink end if commonsSitelink and mw.ustring.sub(commonsSitelink,1,9) ~= "Category:" then galleryLink = commonsSitelink end -- P935 is the "commons gallery" property for this article local P935 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P935")[1] if P935 and P935.mainsnak.datavalue then local gallery = P935.mainsnak.datavalue.value if galleryLink and galleryLink ~= gallery then consistent = false else galleryLink = gallery end end return galleryLink, consistent, commonsSitelink end -- Find fallback category by looking up Commons sitelink of different page -- Arguments: -- qid = QID for current article -- property = property that refers to other article whose sitelink to return -- Returns: either category-stripped name of article, or nil local function _lookupFallback(qid,property) if not _validQID(qid) or not _validProp(property) then return nil end qid = qid:upper() property = property:upper() -- If property exists on current article, get value (other article qid) local value = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, property)[1] if value and value.mainsnak.datavalue and value.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id then -- Look up Commons sitelink of other article local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(value.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id,"commonswiki") -- Check to see if it starts with "Category:". If so, strip it and return if sitelink and mw.ustring.sub(sitelink,1,9) == "Category:" then return mw.ustring.sub(sitelink,10) end end return nil end -- Find Commons category by looking in wikidata -- Arguments: -- qid = QID of current article -- fetch = whether to lookup Commons sitelink (bool) -- commonsSitelink = default value for Commons sitelink -- Returns: -- categoryLink = name of Commons category, nil if nothing is found -- consistent = multiple wikidata fields are examined: are they consistent? -- commonsSitelink = commons sitelink for current article local function _lookupCategory(qid, fetch, commonsSitelink) if not _validQID(qid) then return nil, true, nil end qid = qid:upper() local categoryLink = nil local consistent = true -- look up commons sitelink for article, use if starts with "Category:" if fetch then commonsSitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid,"commonswiki") or commonsSitelink end if commonsSitelink and mw.ustring.sub(commonsSitelink,1,9) == "Category:" then categoryLink = mw.ustring.sub(commonsSitelink,10) end -- P910 is the "topic's main category". Look for commons sitelink there local fallback = _lookupFallback(qid,"P910") if fallback then if categoryLink and categoryLink ~= fallback then consistent = false qid = nil else categoryLink = fallback end end -- P1754 is the "list's main category". Look for commons sitelink there fallback = _lookupFallback(qid,"P1754") if fallback then if categoryLink and categoryLink ~= fallback then consistent = false qid = nil else categoryLink = fallback end end -- P373 is the "commons category" property for this article. This is -- a low-quality field, so should only be used as a last resort. if categoryLink == nil and _validQID(qid) then local P373 = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P373")[1] if P373 and P373.mainsnak.datavalue then categoryLink = P373.mainsnak.datavalue.value consistent = true -- P373 is never used if anything else is available end end return categoryLink, consistent, commonsSitelink end -- Does the article have a Commons gallery, and is it consistent? -- Arguments: -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- Returns: -- filename at Commons, bool: is wikidata consistent for this article? function p._hasGalleryConsistent(qid) local wp_title, wp_ns wp_title, wp_ns, qid = _getTitleQID(qid) return _lookupGallery(qid,true) end -- Does the article have a corresponding Commons gallery? -- Arguments: -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- Returns: -- filename at Commons if so, false if not function p._hasGallery(qid) local galleryLink, consistent = p._hasGalleryConsistent(qid) return consistent and galleryLink end -- Does the article have a Commons category? Is wikidata consistent for that? -- Arguments: -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- prefix = whether to add "Category:" to return string (default true) -- Returns: -- filename at Commons, bool: consistent function p._hasCategoryConsistent(qid,prefix) if prefix == nil then prefix = true end local wp_title, wp_ns wp_title, wp_ns, qid = _getTitleQID(qid) local categoryLink, consistent = _lookupCategory(qid,true) if categoryLink and prefix then categoryLink = "Category:"..categoryLink end return categoryLink, consistent end -- Does the article have a corresponding Commons category? -- Arguments: -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- prefix = whether to add "Category:" to return string (default true) -- Returns: -- filename at Commons if so, blank if not function p._hasCategory(qid,prefix) local categoryLink, consistent = p._hasCategoryConsistent(qid,prefix) return consistent and categoryLink end -- Create Commons link corresponding to current article -- Arguments: -- namespace = namespace in Commons ("" for galleries) -- default = use as Commons link, don't access wikidata -- search = string to search for -- fallback = string to search for if wikidata fails -- formatting = formatting parameters -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- Returns: -- formatted wikilink to Commons in specified namespace function p._getCommons(namespace,default,search,fallback,formatting,qid) local nsColon if not namespace or namespace == "" then nsColon = "" else nsColon = namespace..":" end if default then return "[[Commons:"..nsColon..default.."|".._formatResult(default,formatting).."]]" end if search then return "[[Commons:Special:Search/"..nsColon..search.."|".._formatResult(search,formatting).."]]" end local wp_title, wp_ns wp_title, wp_ns, qid = _getTitleQID(qid) local commonsLink = nil local consistent = true if nsColon == "" then commonsLink, consistent = _lookupGallery(qid,true) elseif namespace:lower() == "category" then commonsLink, consistent = _lookupCategory(qid,true) end -- use wikidata if consistent if commonsLink and consistent then return "[[Commons:"..nsColon..commonsLink.."|".._formatResult(commonsLink,formatting).."]]" end -- if not consistent, fall back to search and add to tracking cat -- construct default result (which searches for title) local searchResult = "[[Commons:Special:Search/"..nsColon..(fallback or wp_title) .."|".._formatResult(fallback or wp_title,formatting).."]]" if not consistent and wp_ns == "" then local friendlyNS if nsColon == "" then friendlyNS = "gallery" else friendlyNS = namespace:lower() end searchResult = searchResult.."[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons "..friendlyNS.."]]" end return searchResult end -- Returns "best" Commons link: first look for gallery, then try category -- Arguments: -- default = use as Commons link, don't access wikidata -- search = string to search for -- fallback = string to search for if wikidata lookup fails -- formatting = formatting parameters -- qid = QID to lookup in wikidata (for testing only) -- Returns: -- formatted wikilink to Commons "best" landing page function p._getGalleryOrCategory(default, search, fallback, formatting, qid) if default then return "[[Commons:"..default.."|".._formatResult(default,formatting).."]]" end if search then return "[[Commons:Special:Search/"..search.."|".._formatResult(search,formatting).."]]" end local wp_title, wp_ns wp_title, wp_ns, qid = _getTitleQID(qid) local trackingCats = "" local galleryLink, consistent, commonsSitelink = _lookupGallery(qid,true) -- use wikidata if either sitelink or P935 exist, and they both agree if galleryLink and consistent then return "[[Commons:"..galleryLink.."|".._formatResult(galleryLink,formatting).."]]" end if not consistent and wp_ns == "" then trackingCats = "[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons gallery]]" end -- if gallery is not good, fall back looking for category local categoryLink categoryLink, consistent = _lookupCategory(qid,false,commonsSitelink) if categoryLink and consistent then return "[[Commons:Category:"..categoryLink.."|".._formatResult(categoryLink,formatting).."]]"..trackingCats end if not consistent and wp_ns == "" then trackingCats = trackingCats.."[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons category]]" end -- return search result looking for title as last attempt return "[[Commons:Special:Search/" .. (fallback or wp_title) .. "|" .. _formatResult(fallback or wp_title,formatting) .. "]]" .. trackingCats end -- Return link(s) Commons gallery, or category, or both from wikidata -- Arguments: -- defaultGallery = default gallery link to use, instead of wikidata -- defaultCategory = default category link to use, instead of wikidata -- categoryText = if both gallery and category, text to use in category link ("category" by default) -- oneSearch = only emit one search result -- formatting = formatting parameters -- qid = qid of page to lookup in wikidata (testing only) function p._getGalleryAndCategory(defaultGallery, defaultCategory, categoryText, oneSearch, formatting, qid ) local wp_title, wp_ns wp_title, wp_ns, qid = _getTitleQID(qid) categoryText = categoryText or "category" local trackingCats = "" local galleryLink, galleryConsistent local commonsSitelink = nil if defaultGallery then galleryLink = defaultGallery galleryConsistent = true else galleryLink, galleryConsistent, commonsSitelink = _lookupGallery(qid,true) end local galleryGood = galleryLink and galleryConsistent if not galleryConsistent and wp_ns == "" then trackingCats = "[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons gallery]]" end local categoryLink, categoryConsistent if defaultCategory then categoryLink = defaultCategory categoryConsistent = true else categoryLink, categoryConsistent = _lookupCategory(qid,defaultGallery,commonsSitelink) end local categoryGood = categoryLink and categoryConsistent if not categoryConsistent and wp_ns == "" then trackingCats = trackingCats.."[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons category]]" end local firstLink -- construct default result (which searches for title) local searchResult = "[[Commons:Special:Search/"..wp_title.."|".._formatResult(wp_title,formatting).."]]" if not oneSearch then searchResult = searchResult.." ([[Commons:Special:Search/Category:"..wp_title.."|"..categoryText.."]])" end local linkText = nil if galleryGood then firstLink = galleryLink linkText = galleryLink elseif categoryGood then firstLink = "Category:"..categoryLink linkText = categoryLink else return searchResult..trackingCats end local resultVal = "[[Commons:"..firstLink.."|".._formatResult(linkText,formatting).."]]" if galleryGood and categoryGood then resultVal = resultVal.." ([[Commons:Category:"..categoryLink.."|"..categoryText.."]])" end return resultVal..trackingCats end -- Compare two titles with their namespaces stripped local function titleMatch(s1,s2) s1 = s1 or "" s2 = s2 or "" s1 = mw.ustring.gsub(s1,"^[^:]+:","") s2 = mw.ustring.gsub(s2,"^[^:]+:","") return s1 == s2 end local galleryTrackingCats = { commons_link_on_wikidata = '[[Category:Commons link is on Wikidata]]', commons_link_defined_as_pagename = '[[Category:Commons link is defined as the pagename]]', commons_link_locally_defined = '[[Category:Commons link is locally defined]]', commons_link_from_wikidata = '[[Category:Commons link from Wikidata]]', commons_link_is_pagename = '[[Category:Commons link is the pagename]]', inconsistent = '[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons gallery]]' } local categoryTrackingCats = { commons_link_on_wikidata = '[[Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata]]', commons_link_defined_as_pagename = '[[Category:Commons category link is defined as the pagename]]', commons_link_locally_defined = '[[Category:Commons category link is locally defined]]', commons_link_from_wikidata = '[[Category:Commons category link from Wikidata]]', commons_link_is_pagename = '[[Category:Commons category link is the pagename]]', inconsistent = '[[Category:Inconsistent wikidata for Commons category]]' } local function selectTrackingCat(trackingCats,wikidata,consistent,default,title) if not consistent then return trackingCats.inconsistent end if default then -- construct warning message if default == wikidata then return trackingCats.commons_link_on_wikidata end local warning = "" if wikidata then warning = generateWarning({ "Commons link does not match Wikidata – [[Template:Commons_category#Resolving_discrepancies|please check]]" }) end if titleMatch(default,title) then return trackingCats.commons_link_defined_as_pagename .. warning end return trackingCats.commons_link_locally_defined .. warning end if wikidata then return trackingCats.commons_link_from_wikidata end return trackingCats.commons_link_is_pagename end -- Figure out tracking categories and editor warnings -- Arguments: -- default = Commons link argument passed to template -- fetchGallery = whether to fetch a gallery from Wikidata -- fetchCategory = whether to fetch a category from Wikidata -- qid = force a qid for testing -- Returns: -- tracking category and possible user warning -- -- Note: the logic for the tracking is quite different than the logic -- for generating Commons links (above). Thus, it is separated into another -- function for code clarity and maintainability. This should not seriously -- affect performance: server time is dominated by fetching wikidata entities, -- and those entities should be cached and shared between the Commons generating -- code and this tracking code. function p._tracking(default, fetchGallery, fetchCategory, qid) local title, wp_ns, wp_qid = _getTitleQID(qid,true) if wp_ns ~= "" then title = wp_ns..":"..title end -- only track if test or namespace=article or namespace=category if not (qid or wp_ns == "" or wp_ns == "Category") then return "" end -- determine title and namespace of wikidata and wp article local wikidata = nil local consistent = nil -- Tracking code works for all 4 cases of states of fetchGallery/Category -- fetchGallery takes precedence if fetchGallery then wikidata, consistent = p._hasGalleryConsistent(qid) if default or not fetchCategory or (consistent and wikidata) then return selectTrackingCat(galleryTrackingCats,wikidata,consistent, default,title) end end if fetchCategory then local cat_wikidata, cat_consistent = p._hasCategoryConsistent(qid,true) if not fetchGallery or (cat_consistent and cat_wikidata) then return selectTrackingCat(categoryTrackingCats,cat_wikidata, cat_consistent,default,title) end return selectTrackingCat(galleryTrackingCats,wikidata,consistent, default,title) end return "" -- nothing fetched, nothing tracked end local function _createFormatting(args) local formatting = {} formatting.linktext = args.linktext formatting.lcfirst = yesNo(args.lcfirst) formatting.bold = yesNo(args.bold) formatting.italic = yesNo(args.italic) formatting.nowrap = yesNo(args.nowrap) return formatting end -- Testing-only entry point for _getTitleQID function p.getTitleQID(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) local text, ns, qid = _getTitleQID(args[1],args[2]) return text..","..ns..","..(qid or "nil") end -- Testing-only entry point for _lookupFallback function p.lookupFallback(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) local fallback = _lookupFallback(args[1],args[2]) return fallback or "nil" end -- Find the Commons gallery page associated with article function p.getGallery(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._getCommons("",args[1],args.search,args.fallback,_createFormatting(args),args.qid) end -- Find the Commons category page associated with article function p.getCategory(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) local retval = p._getCommons("Category", args[1], args.search, args.fallback, _createFormatting(args), args.qid ) if args.tracking then local default = nil if args[1] then default = "Category:"..args[1] end retval = retval..p._tracking(default, false, true, args.qid) end return retval end function p.getGalleryOrCategory(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) local retval = p._getGalleryOrCategory( args[1], args.search, args.fallback, _createFormatting(args), args.qid ) if args.tracking then retval = retval..p._tracking(args[1],true,true,args.qid) end return retval end function p.hasGallery(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._hasGallery(args.qid) or "" end function p.hasCategory(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._hasCategory(args.qid) or "" end function p.hasGalleryOrCategory(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._hasGallery(args.qid) or p._hasCategory(args.qid) or "" end function p.getGalleryAndCategory(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._getGalleryAndCategory(args[1], args[2], args.categoryText, args.oneSearch, _createFormatting(args), args.qid) end function p.tracking(frame) local args = getArgs(frame,{frameOnly=true,parentOnly=false,parentFirst=false}) return p._tracking(args[1], args.fetchGallery, args.fetchCategory, args.qid) end return p tiwwt5d4q8wb5gx6nh70z4fiqb3bkp6 828 10970 84035 2022-05-19T05:53:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Commons link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|release}} {{High use}} {{Lua|Module:If preview|Module:Arguments}} For testing the sandbox, see [[Module:Commons link/sandbox/testcases]]. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGallery}}</code> :Use wikidata to find Commons gallery corresponding to this article. If unable to find gallery in wikidata, default to searching for PAGENAME in Commons. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGallery|title|linktext=text}}</code> :Link to Commons gallery at <code>title</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGallery|search=string|linktext=text}}</code> :Link to Commons search for <code>string</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getCategory|fallback=string|linktext=text}}</code> :Use wikidata first, then if failure, use Commons search for <code>string</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getCategory}}</code> :Use wikidata to find Commons category corresponding to this article. If unable to find category in wikidata, default to searching for Category:PAGENAME in Commons. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getCategory|title|linktext=text}}</code> :Link to Commons category at <code>Category:title</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getCategory|search=string|linktext=text}}</code> :Link to Commons search for <code>Category:string</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getCategory|fallback=string|linktext=text}}</code> :Use wikidata first, then if failure, use Commons search for <code>Category:string</code>. Optionally, use <code>text</code> as displayed link text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGalleryOrCategory}}</code> :Use wikidata to find "best" single Commons link: try gallery first, fall back to category. Other arguments as above. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGalleryAndCategory}}</code> :Lua to implement {{tl|commons and category}}: return Commons gallery, Commons category, or both (if both found) <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|getGalleryAndCategory|GalleryName|CategoryName}}</code> :Either GalleryName or CategoryName or both can be supplied, will override wikidata search <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|bold=1|italic=1|nowrap=1|lcfirst=1}}</code> :Format of first link can be specified (any combination of bold, italic, nowrap, and lower-case first character) <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|linktext=link|categoryText=category}}</code> :Text in the first link, and the second (category) link can be overridden, also. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|tracking=1}}</code> :Module can generate tracking categories for mismatch between supplied arguments and Wikidata. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | [[Category:Wikidata modules]] }}</includeonly> m69556lir2sak6b1x5l2cy1b5zp3f7p 828 10971 84036 2022-05-19T05:54:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If preview Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:If preview/configuration') --[[ main This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module, depending on whether the page is being previewed. ]] function p.main(frame) if cfg.preview then return frame.args[1] or '' else return frame.args[2] or '' end end --[[ pmain This function returns either the first argument or second argument passed to this module's parent (i.e. template using this module), depending on whether it is being previewed. ]] function p.pmain(frame) return p.main(frame:getParent()) end local function warning_text(warning) return mw.ustring.format( cfg.warning_infrastructure, cfg.templatestyles, warning ) end function p._warning(args) local warning = args[1] and args[1]:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') or '' if warning == '' then return warning_text(cfg.missing_warning) end if not cfg.preview then return '' end return warning_text(warning) end --[[ warning This function returns a "preview warning", which is the first argument marked up with HTML and some supporting text, depending on whether the page is being previewed. disabled since we'll implement the template version in general ]] --function p.warning(frame) -- return p._warning(frame.args) --end --[[ warning, but for pass-through templates like {{preview warning}} ]] function p.pwarning(frame) return p._warning(frame:getParent().args) end return p i2018hg2i8x3uajzdhhh7yzkknltvcf 828 10972 84037 2022-05-19T05:55:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If preview/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:If preview/configuration}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:If preview/styles.css}} This module implements {{tl|if preview}} and {{tl|preview warning}}. It helps templates/modules determine if they are being previewed. Prefer implementing the template versions in other templates. In a module to use the <code>main()</code>, you need to pass a frame table with an args table. For the preview warning, use <code>_warning()</code>. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> l0qie02zm6xma3ecafsa97c1u9cystd 828 10973 84038 2022-05-19T05:55:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If preview/configuration Scribunto text/plain --[[ We perform the actual check for whether this is a preview here since preprocessing is relatively expensive. ]] local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local function is_preview() local revision_id = frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') -- {{REVISIONID}} is usually the empty string when previewed. -- I don't know why we're checking for nil but hey, maybe someday things -- would have broken return revision_id == nil or revision_id == '' end local function templatestyles() return frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:If preview/styles.css' } } end return { preview = is_preview(), templatestyles = templatestyles(), warning_infrastructure = '%s<div class="preview-warning"><strong>Preview warning:</strong> %s</div>', missing_warning = 'The template has no warning text. Please add a warning.' } 7ccf9c7e3yxw9p4ke6iw4ndcfniweno 828 10974 84039 2022-05-19T05:56:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If preview/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .preview-warning { font-style: italic; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: red; } /* The templatestyles element inserts a link element before hatnotes. * TODO: Remove link if/when WMF resolves T200206 */ .preview-warning + link + .preview-warning { margin-top: -0.5em; } gaiz1uhqgmf5elgq82yqqfll7kgcbwe 10 10975 84040 2022-05-19T05:57:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Hatnote templates | state = {{{state|<includeonly>autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | belowclass = hlist | title = [[WP:Hatnote#Hatnote templates|Hatnote templates]] | above = *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote]] *[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation]] *[[Wikipedia:Redirect]] | group1 = Generic | list1 = *{{tl|Hatnote}} *{{tl|Selfref}} (for self-references) | group2 = For and about | list2 = *{{tl|For}} *{{tl|For-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|For multi}} (for multiple uses) *{{tl|About}} *Variations: {{tl|Other uses}} *{{tl|Other uses of}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-distinguish}} *{{tl|About-distinguish-text}} *{{tl|About-redirect}} | group3 = Other topics | list3 = *{{tl|Other people}} *{{tl|About other people}} (adds "about" description) *{{tl|Similar names}} *{{tl|Other places}} *{{tl|Other ships}} *{{tl|Other hurricanes}} | group4 = Redirect | list4 = *{{tl|Redirect}} *{{tl|Redirect2}} (for two redirects) *{{tl|Redirect-multi}} (for multiple redirects) *{{tl|Redirect-several}} (for several redirects, without listing each) *{{tl|Redirect-synonym}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-text}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-redirect}} *{{tl|Technical reasons}} | group5 = Distinguish | list5 = *{{tl|Distinguish}} (supports custom text too) *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-distinguish}} *{{tl|About-distinguish-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Maybe distinguish}} | group6 = For use in sections | list6 = *{{tl|Main}} *{{tl|Further}} *{{tl|Further-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Further ill}} *{{tl|See also}} *{{tl|See also if exists}} *{{tl|For outline}} | group7 = Special | list7 = *{{tl|Broader}} *{{tl|See introduction}} *{{tl|See Wiktionary}} *{{tl|Transcluding article}} *{{tl|Transcluded section}} | group8 = Subject specific | list8 = * {{tl|Year dab}} * {{tl|Highway detail hatnote}} * {{tl|For LMST}} * {{tl|WikiIPA}} | below = *{{Icon|cat}} [[:Category:Hatnote templates]] **[[:Category:Hatnote modules|modules]] **[[:Category:Hatnote templates for names|for [family] names]] **[[:Category:Hatnote templates for lists|for lists]] *[[Template:Category hatnote templates|hatnote templates for category pages]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gjwwcstyabypbs6itnyog3p369hnbgb 10 10976 84041 2022-05-19T05:57:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{Collapsible option|statename=optional}} == TemplateData for [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] == <templatedata> { "params": { "state": {} } } </templatedata> == See also == *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote#Hatnote_templates|Wikipedia's Hatnote templates]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> a5eidh4be2a03e8p9knwenkx132i685 10 10977 84043 2022-05-19T06:00:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|vertically-aligned navigation|Template:Sidebar}} {{documentation subpage}} {{high-use|all-pages=y}} {{Template display|nomobile}} {{Lua|Module:Navbox}} {{Navbox suite}} {{Lua sidebar}} This template allows a [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigational template]] to be set up relatively quickly by supplying it with one or more lists of links. It comes equipped with default styles that should work for most navigational templates. Changing the default styles is possible, but not recommended. Using this template, or one of its "Navbox suite" sister templates, is highly recommended for standardization of navigational templates, and for ease of use. {{Navbox visibility}} == Usage == Please remove the parameters that are left blank. <pre style="overflow: auto;">{{Navbox | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}}{{subst:void|Don't change anything on this line. It will change itself when you save.}} | title = | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | above = | image = | group1 = | list1 = | group2 = | list2 = | group3 = | list3 = <!-- ... --> | below = }} </pre> == Parameter list == {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | title = {{{title}}} | above = {{{above}}} | image = {{{image}}} | group1 = {{{group1}}} | list1 = {{{list1}}} | group2 = {{{group2}}} | list2 = {{{list2}}} | list3 = {{{list3}}} ''without {{{group3}}}'' | group4 = {{{group4}}} | list4 = {{{list4}}} | below = {{{below}}} <br /> See alternate navbox formats under: [[#Layout of table|''Layout of table'']] }} The navbox uses lowercase parameter names, as shown in the box (''above''). The required ''name'' and ''title'' will create a one-line box if other parameters are omitted. Notice "group1" (etc.) is optional, as are sections named "above/below". {{clear}} The basic and most common parameters are as follows (see [[#Parameter descriptions|below]] for the full list): : <code>name</code> – the name of the template. : <code>title</code> – text in the title bar, such as: <nowiki>[[Widget stuff]]</nowiki>. : <code>listclass</code> – a CSS class for the list cells, usually <code>hlist</code> for horizontal lists. Alternatively, use bodyclass for the whole box. : <code>state</code> – controls when a navbox is expanded or collapsed. : <code>titlestyle</code> – a CSS style for the title-bar, such as: <code>background: gray;</code> : <code>groupstyle</code> – a CSS style for the group-cells, such as: <code>background: #eee;</code> : <code>above</code> – text to appear above the group/list section (could be a list of overall wikilinks). : <code>image</code> – an optional right-side image, coded as the whole image, such as: <code><nowiki>[[File:</nowiki><var>XX</var><nowiki>.jpg|80px|link=|alt=]]</nowiki></code> :: Note that most of such images don't comply with [[MOS:DECOR]] and should be removed at sight. : <code>imageleft</code> – an optional left-side image (code the same as the "image" parameter). : <code>group<sub>n</sub></code> – the left-side text before list-n (if group-n omitted, list-n extends to the left edge of the box, and defaults to <code>text-align:center</code> styling). : <code>list<sub>n</sub></code> – text listing wikilinks using a [[Help:Lists|wikilist]] format. : <code>below</code> – optional text to appear below the group/list section. == Parameter descriptions == The following is a complete list of parameters for using {{tl|Navbox}}. In most cases, the only required parameters are <code>name</code>, <code>title</code>, and <code>list1</code>, though [[Template:Navbox/doc#Child navboxes|child navboxes]] do not even require those to be set. {{tl|Navbox}} shares numerous common parameter names with its sister templates, {{tl|Navbox with columns}} and {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}, for consistency and ease of use. Parameters marked with an asterisk (*) are common to all three master templates. === Setup parameters === :; ''name''* :: The name of the template, which is needed for the "V&nbsp;• T&nbsp;• E" ("View&nbsp;• Talk&nbsp;• Edit") links to work properly on all pages where the template is used. You can enter <code><nowiki>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code> for this value as a shortcut. The name parameter is only mandatory if a <code>title</code> is specified, and the <code>border</code> parameter is not set, and the <code>navbar</code> parameter is not used to disable the navbar. :; ''state''* <span style="font-weight:normal;">[<code>autocollapse, collapsed, expanded, plain, off</code>]</span> :* Defaults to <code>autocollapse</code>. A navbox with <code>autocollapse</code> will start out collapsed if there are two or more collapsible elements on the same page. Otherwise, the navbox will be expanded. For the technically minded, see [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] (search for "autocollapse"). :* If set to <code>collapsed</code>, the navbox will always start out in a collapsed state. :* If set to <code>expanded</code>, the navbox will always start out in an expanded state. :* If set to <code>plain</code>, the navbox will always be expanded with no [hide] link on the right, and the title will remain centered (by using padding to offset the <small>V&nbsp;• T&nbsp;• E</small> links). :* If set to <code>off</code>, the navbox will always be expanded with no [hide] link on the right, but no padding will be used to keep the title centered. This is for advanced use only; the "plain" option should suffice for most applications where the [show]/[hide] button needs to be hidden. : To show the box when standalone (non-included) but then auto-hide contents when in an article, put "expanded" inside {{tag|noinclude|p}} tags. This setting will force the box visible when standalone (even when followed by other boxes), displaying "[hide]", but then it will auto-collapse the box when stacked inside an article: :: <code><nowiki>| state =&nbsp;</nowiki></code>{{tag|noinclude|content=expanded}} : Often times, editors will want a default initial state for a navbox, which may be overridden in an article. Here is the trick to do this: :* In your intermediate template, create a parameter also named "state" as a pass-through like this: :: <code><nowiki>| state = {{{state<includeonly>|your_desired_initial_state</includeonly>}}}</nowiki></code> :* The {{tag|includeonly|o}}<code>|</code> will make the template expanded when viewing the template page by itself. ::* Example 1: {{tl|Peso}} with ''autocollapse'' as the default initial state. [[Catalan peseta]] transcludes it and has only one navbox; thus, the peso navbox shows. [[Chilean peso]] has more than two navboxes; thus, the peso navbox collapses. ::* Example 2: {{tl|Historical currencies of Hungary}} with ''expanded'' as the default initial state, as such: :::<code><nowiki>| state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}}</nowiki></code> :::All transcluding articles show the content by default, unless there is a hypothetical article that specifies <code><nowiki>{{templatename|state=collapsed}}</nowiki></code> when transcluding. ::* Example 3: {{tl|Tourism}} with ''collapsed'' as the default initial state, as such: :::<code><nowiki>| state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}</nowiki></code> :::All transcluding articles will show the template as collapsed by default, but the template will still be uncollapsed when displayed on its own page. :* The template {{tl|Collapsible option}} explains how to use the <code>state</code> parameter. It can be added to a {{tag|noinclude|p}} section after the template definition or to the instructions on the {{tl|documentation subpage}}. :; ''navbar''* :: If set to <code>plain</code>, the <span style="font-size: 88%;">V&nbsp;• T&nbsp;• E</span> links on the left side of the titlebar will not be displayed, and padding will be automatically used to keep the title centered. Use <code>off</code> to remove the <span style="font-size: 88%;">V&nbsp;• T&nbsp;• E</span> links, but not apply padding (this is for advanced use only; the "plain" option should suffice for most applications where a navbar is not desired). It is highly recommended that one not hide the navbar, in order to make it easier for users to edit the template, and to keep a standard style across pages. :; ''border''* :: ''See later section on [[#Child navboxes|using navboxes within one another]] for examples and a more complete description.'' If set to <code>child</code> or <code>subgroup</code>, then the navbox can be used as a borderless child that fits snugly in another navbox. The border is hidden and there is no padding on the sides of the table, so it fits into the ''list'' area of its parent navbox. If set to <code>none</code>, then the border is hidden and padding is removed, and the navbox may be used as a child of another container (do not use the <code>none</code> option inside of another navbox; similarly, only use the <code>child</code>/<code>subgroup</code> option inside of another navbox). If set to anything else (default), then a regular navbox is displayed with a 1px border. An alternate way to specify the border to be a subgroup style is like this (i.e. use the first unnamed parameter instead of the named ''border'' parameter): ::: <code><nowiki>{{Navbox|child</nowiki></code> :::: <code>...</code> ::: <code><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === Cells === :; ''title''* :: Text that appears centered in the top row of the table. It is usually the template's topic, i.e. a succinct description of the body contents. This should be a single line, but if a second line is needed, use <code><nowiki>{{-}}</nowiki></code> to ensure proper centering. This parameter is technically not mandatory, but using {{tl|Navbox}} is rather pointless without a title. :; ''above''* :: A full-width cell displayed between the titlebar and first group/list, i.e. ''above'' the template's body (groups, lists and image). In a template without an image, ''above'' behaves in the same way as the ''list1'' parameter without the ''group1'' parameter. :; ''group<sub>n</sub>''* :: (i.e. ''group1'', ''group2'', etc.) If specified, text appears in a header cell displayed to the left of ''list<sub>n</sub>''. If omitted, ''list<sub>n</sub>'' uses the full width of the table. :; ''list<sub>n</sub>''* :: (i.e. ''list1'', ''list2'', etc.) The body of the template, usually a list of links. Format is inline, although the text can be entered on separate lines if the entire list is enclosed within <code><nowiki><div> </div></nowiki></code>. At least one ''list'' parameter is required; each additional ''list'' is displayed in a separate row of the table. Each ''list<sub>n</sub>'' may be preceded by a corresponding ''group<sub>n</sub>'' parameter, if provided (see below). ::Entries should be separated using a [[newline]] and an [[asterisk]] (*). If instead two asterisks are used, it provides [[Nesting (computing)|nesting]] within the previous entry by enclosing the entry with brackets. Increasing the number of asterisks used increases the number of brackets around entries. :; ''image''* :: An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the right of the body (the groups/lists). For the image to display properly, the ''list1'' parameter must be specified. The ''image'' parameter accepts standard wikicode for displaying an image, ''e.g.'': ::: <code><nowiki>[[File:</nowiki><var>XX</var><nowiki>.jpg|80px|link=|alt=]]</nowiki></code> ::: nb: including "|right" will produce the usual left margin to provide separation from the list items and [[Zebra striping (computer graphics)|zebra striping]]. ::Note that most of such images don't comply with [[MOS:DECOR]] and should be removed at sight. A rare example of a correct usage would be [[special:permalink/995622594|this one]]: a map shows (in green) the location of a region within the state of Kazakhstan, and this is consistently implemented for [[:category:Kazakhstan region templates|all state's regions]]. :; ''imageleft''* :: An image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the left of the body (lists). For the image to display properly, the ''list1'' parameter must be specified and no groups can be specified. It accepts the same sort of parameter that ''image'' accepts. :; ''below''* :: A full-width cell displayed ''below'' the template's body (groups, lists and image). In a template without an image, ''below'' behaves in the same way as the template's final ''list<sub>n</sub>'' parameter without a ''group<sub>n</sub>'' parameter. For an example of the ''below'' parameter in use, see {{oldid|Main Page|352612160|this}} version of {{tl|Lists of the provinces and territories of Canada}}. {{tl|icon}} is often used for non-article links. === Style parameters === Styles are generally advised against, to maintain consistency among templates and pages in Wikipedia; but the option to modify styles is given. :; ''bodystyle''* :: Specifies [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] styles to apply to the template body. This option should be used sparingly as it can lead to visual inconsistencies. Examples: ::: <code>bodystyle = background: #''nnnnnn'';</code> ::: <code>bodystyle = width: ''N''&nbsp;[em/%/px or width: auto];</code> ::: <code>bodystyle = float: [''left/right/none''];</code> ::: <code>bodystyle = clear: [''right/left/both/none''];</code> :; ''basestyle''* :: CSS styles to apply to the ''title'', ''above'', ''below'', and ''group'' cells all at once. The styles are not applied to ''list'' cells. This is convenient for easily changing the basic color of the navbox without having to repeat the style specifications for the different parts of the navbox. Examples: ::: <code>basestyle = background: lightskyblue;</code> :; ''titlestyle''* :: [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] styles to apply to ''title'', most often the titlebar's background color: ::: <code>titlestyle = background: ''#nnnnnn'';</code> ::: <code>titlestyle = background: ''name'';</code> ::: <code>titlestyle = background: none;</code> — for no background color :; ''groupstyle''* :: CSS styles to apply to the ''groupN'' cells. This option overrides any styles that are applied to the entire table. Examples: ::: <code>groupstyle = background: #''nnnnnn'';</code> ::: <code>groupstyle = text-align: [''left/center/right''];</code> ::: <code>groupstyle = vertical-align: [''top/middle/bottom''];</code> :; ''group<sub>n</sub>style''* :: CSS styles to apply to a specific group, in addition to any styles specified by the ''groupstyle'' parameter. This parameter should only be used when absolutely necessary in order to maintain standardization and simplicity. Examples: ::: <code>group3style = background: red; color: white;</code> :; ''groupwidth'' :: A number and unit specifying a uniform width for the group cells, in cases where little content in the list cells may cause group cells to be too wide. No default. However, may be overridden by the ''group(n)style'' parameter. Examples: ::: <code>groupwidth = 9em</code> :; ''liststyle''* :: CSS styles to apply to all lists. Overruled by the ''oddstyle'' and ''evenstyle'' parameters (if specified) hereafter. When using backgound colors in the navbox, see the [[#Intricacies|note hereafter]]. :; ''list<sub>n</sub>style''* :: CSS styles to apply to a specific list, in addition to any styles specified by the ''liststyle'' parameter. This parameter should only be used when absolutely necessary in order to maintain standardization and simplicity. Examples: ::: <code>list5style = background: #ddddff;</code> :; ''listpadding''* :: A number and unit specifying the padding in each ''list'' cell. The ''list'' cells come equipped with a default padding of 0.25em on the left and right, and 0 on the top and bottom. Due to complex technical reasons, simply setting "liststyle = padding: 0.5em;" (or any other padding setting) will not work. Examples: ::: <code>listpadding = 0.5em 0;</code> (sets 0.5em padding for the top/bottom, and 0 padding for the left/right.) ::: <code>listpadding = 0;</code> (removes all list padding.) :; ''oddstyle'' :; ''evenstyle'' :: Applies to odd/even list numbers. Overrules styles defined by ''liststyle''. The default behavior is to add striped colors (white and gray) to odd/even rows, respectively, in order to improve readability. These should not be changed except in extraordinary circumstances. :; ''evenodd'' <span style="font-weight: normal;"><code>[swap, even, odd, off]</code></span> :: If set to <code>swap</code>, then the automatic striping of even and odd rows is reversed. Normally, even rows get a light gray background for striping; when this parameter is used, the odd rows receive the gray striping instead of the even rows. Setting to <code>even</code> or <code>odd</code> sets all rows to have that striping color. Setting to <code>off</code> disables automatic row striping. :; ''abovestyle''* :; ''belowstyle''* :: CSS styles to apply to the top cell (specified via the ''above'' parameter) and bottom cell (specified via the ''below'' parameter). Typically used to set background color or text alignment: ::: <code>abovestyle = background: #''nnnnnn'';</code> ::: <code>abovestyle = text-align: [''left/center/right''];</code> ::: <code>belowstyle = background: #''nnnnnn'';</code> ::: <code>belowstyle = text-align: [''left/center/right''];</code> :; ''imagestyle''* :; ''imageleftstyle''* :: CSS styles to apply to the cells where the image/imageleft sits. These styles should only be used in exceptional circumstances, usually to fix width problems if the width of groups is set and the width of the image cell grows too large. Examples: ::: <code>imagestyle = width:5em;</code> ===== Default styles ===== The style settings listed here are those that editors using the navbox change most often. The other more complex style settings were left out of this list to keep it simple. Most styles are set in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> bodystyle = background: #fdfdfd; width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; titlestyle = background: #ccccff; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center; abovestyle = background: #ddddff; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center; belowstyle = background: #ddddff; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center; groupstyle = background: #ddddff; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: right; liststyle = background: transparent; text-align: left/center; oddstyle = background: transparent; evenstyle = background: #f7f7f7; </syntaxhighlight> Since ''liststyle'' and ''oddstyle'' are transparent, odd lists have the color of the ''bodystyle'', which defaults to #fdfdfd (white with a hint of gray). A list defaults to <code>text-align: left;</code> if it has a group, if not it defaults to <code>text-align: center;</code>. Since only ''bodystyle'' has a vertical-align all the others inherit its <code>vertical-align: middle;</code>. === Advanced parameters === :; ''bodyclass'' :; ''aboveclass'' :; ''groupclass'' :; ''listclass'' :; ''belowclass'' :: This enables attaching a CSS class to group or list cells. The most common use for ''listclass'' is to give it the <code>hlist</code> class that will cause lists to render horizontally. All these parameters accept the <code>hlist</code> class, but if more than one parameter is used for <code>hlist</code>, use {{para|bodyclass|hlist}} instead. :; ''titlegroup'' :: This puts a group in the title area, with the same default styles as ''group<sub>n</sub>''. It should be used only in exceptional circumstances (usually advanced meta-templates) and its use requires some knowledge of the internal code of {{tl|Navbox}}; you should be ready to manually set up CSS styles to get everything to work properly if you wish to use it. If you think you have an application for this parameter, it might be best to change your mind, or consult the talk page first. :; ''titlegroupstyle'' :: The styles for the titlegroup cell. :; ''innerstyle'' :: A very advanced parameter to be used ''only'' for advanced meta-templates employing the navbox. Internally, the navbox uses an outer table to draw the border, and then an inner table for everything else (title/above/groups/lists/below/images, etc.). The ''style''/''bodystyle'' parameter sets the style for the outer table, which the inner table inherits, but in advanced cases (meta-templates) it may be necessary to directly set the style for the inner table. This parameter provides access to that inner table so styles can be applied. Use at your own risk. :; ''nowrapitems'' :: Setting <code>|nowrapitems=yes</code> applies nowrap to each line in a list item, and to any <code>above</code> or <code>below</code> item. :; ''orphan'' :: Setting <code>|orphan=yes</code> in a child navbox fixes odd/even striping and removes [[:Category:Navbox orphans]]. ==== Microformats ==== :; ''bodyclass'' :: This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the navbox as a whole. :; ''titleclass'' :: This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the navbox's title caption. This template supports the addition of microformat information. This is done by adding "class" attributes to various data cells, indicating what kind of information is contained within. To flag a navbox as containing [[hCard]] information about a person, for example, add the following parameter: <pre> | bodyclass = vcard </pre> ''and'' <pre> | titleclass = fn </pre> ''or'' (for example): <pre><nowiki> | title = The books of <span class="fn">[[Iain Banks]]</span> </nowiki></pre> ...and so forth. See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia, and [[microformat]] for more information on microformats in general. == Layout of table == ===Without image, above and below=== Table generated by {{tl|Navbox}} '''without''' ''image'', ''above'' and ''below'' parameters (gray list background color added for illustration only): {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | liststyle = background: silver; | title = {{{title}}} | group1 = {{{group1}}} | list1 = {{{list1}}} | group2 = {{{group2}}} | list2 = {{{list2}}} | list3 = {{{list3}}} ''without {{{group3}}}'' | group4 = {{{group4}}} | list4 = {{{list4}}} }} ===With image, above and below=== Table generated by {{tl|Navbox}} '''with''' ''image'', ''above'' and ''below'' parameters (gray list background color added for illustration only): {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | liststyle = background: silver; | image = {{{image}}} | title = {{{title}}} | above = {{{above}}} | group1 = {{{group1}}} | list1 = {{{list1}}} | group2 = {{{group2}}} | list2 = {{{list2}}} | list3 = {{{list3}}} ''without {{{group3}}}'' | group4 = {{{group4}}} | list4 = {{{list4}}} | below = {{{below}}} }} ===With image and without groups=== Table generated by {{tl|Navbox}} '''with''' ''image'', ''imageleft'', ''lists'', and '''without''' ''groups'', ''above'', ''below'' (gray list background color added for illustration only): {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | liststyle = background: silver; | image = {{{image}}} | imageleft = {{{imageleft}}} | title = {{{title}}} | list1 = {{{list1}}} | list2 = {{{list2}}} | list3 = {{{list3}}} | list4 = {{{list4}}} }} == Examples == <!-- Please do not encourage folks to use <div> within Navboxes as (unless handled carefully) they can negate liststyles/groupstyles/etc. settings. --> === No image === <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow: auto;"> {{Navbox | name = Navbox/doc | title = [[MSC Malaysia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = Centre | list1 = * [[Cyberjaya]] | group2 = Area | list2 = * [[Klang Valley]] | group3 = Major landmarks | list3 = * [[Petronas Twin Towers]] * [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]] * [[Kuala Lumpur Sentral]] * [[Technology Park Malaysia]] * [[Putrajaya]] * [[Cyberjaya]] * [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] | group4 = Infrastructure | list4 = * [[Express Rail Link]] * [[KL-KLIA Dedicated Expressway]] | group5 = Prime applications | list5 = * [[E-Government]] * [[MyKad]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | title = [[MSC Malaysia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = Centre | list1 = * [[Cyberjaya]] | group2 = Area | list2 = * [[Klang Valley]] | group3 = Major landmarks | list3 = * [[Petronas Twin Towers]] * [[Kuala Lumpur Tower]] * [[Kuala Lumpur Sentral]] * [[Technology Park Malaysia]] * [[Putrajaya]] * [[Cyberjaya]] * [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport]] | group4 = Infrastructure | list4 = * [[Express Rail Link]] * [[KL-KLIA Dedicated Expressway]] | group5 = Prime applications | list5 = * [[E-Government]] * [[MyKad]] }} == Child navboxes == {{Selfref|For additional examples, see the [[Template:Navbox/testcases|Navbox testcases page]].}} It is possible to place multiple navboxes within a single border by using "child" as the first parameter, or by setting the ''border'' parameter. The basic code for doing this is as follows (which adds a subgroup for the first group/list area): <pre style="overflow: auto;"> {{Navbox | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = Title | group1 = [optional] | list1 = {{Navbox|child ...child navbox parameters... }} ... }} </pre> === Subgroups example === This example shows two subgroups created using <code>child</code> as the first unnamed parameter. The striping is alternated automatically. To remove the striping altogether, you can set <code>liststyle = background:transparent;</code> in each of the navboxes. {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | state = uncollapsed | title = Multiple subgroup example | above = Above | below = Below | group1 = Group1 | list1 = List1 | group2 = Group2 | list2 = {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}}|child | group1 = Group2.1 | list1 = List1 | group2 = Group2.2 | list2 = List2 | group3 = Group2.3 | list3 = List3 }} | group3 = Group3 | list3 = List3 | group4 = Group4 | list4 = {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}}|child | group1 = Group4.1 | list1 = List1 | group2 = Group4.2 | list2 = List2 | group3 = Group4.3 | list3 = List3 }} }} === Multiple show/hides in a single container === {{main|Template:Navbox with collapsible groups}} The example below is generated using a regular navbox for the main container, then its list1, list2, and list3 parameters each contain another navbox, with <code>1 = child</code> set. The view (v), talk (t), edit (e) navbar links are hidden using <code>navbar = plain</code> for each of them, or could be suppressed by just leaving out the ''name'' parameter (child navboxes do not require the name parameter to be set, unlike regular navboxes). {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}} | name = Navbox/doc | title = [[French colonial empire|Former French overseas empire]] | state = uncollapsed | list1 = {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}}|child | navbar = plain | title = [[French colonial empire|Former French colonies]] in [[Africa]] and the [[Indian Ocean]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Mahgreb]] | list1 = * [[French rule in Algeria|Algeria]] * [[French Morocco|Morocco]] <small>([[Arguin|Arguin Island]])</small> * [[History of Tunisia|Tunisia]] | group2 = [[French West Africa]] | list2 = * [[History of Côte d'Ivoire#French Period|Côte d'Ivoire]] * [[French Dahomey|Dahomey]] * [[French Sudan]] * [[French Guinea|Guinea]] * [[History of Mauritania#French colonization and post-colonial history|Mauritania]] * [[History of Niger#Colonization|Niger]] * [[History of Senegal|Senegal]] * [[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] * [[French Togoland]] * [[James Island (The Gambia)|James Island]] | group3 = [[French Equatorial Africa]] | list3 = * [[Colonial Chad|Chad]] * [[History of Gabon|Gabon]] * [[History of the Republic of the Congo|Middle Congo]] * [[Oubangui-Chari]] | group4 = [[Comoros]] | list4 = * [[Anjouan]] * [[Grande Comore]] * [[Mohéli]] * [[History of Djibouti#French Interest|French Somaliland (Djibouti)]] * [[History of Madagascar#French control|Madagascar]] * [[Mauritius|Ile de France]] * [[Seychelles]] }} | list2 = {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}}|child | navbar = plain | title = [[French colonial empire|Former French colonies]] in the [[Americas]] | listclass = hlist | list1 = * [[New France]]{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Acadia]], [[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana]], [[Canada, New France|Canada]], [[Newfoundland (island)|Terre Neuve]]) 1655–1763 </small> | list2 = * [[Inini]] * [[Berbice]] * [[Saint-Domingue]] * <small>[[Haiti]]</small> * [[Tobago]] * [[History of the British Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands]] * [[France Antarctique]] * [[France Équinoxiale]] | below = [[French West India Company]] }} | list3 = {{{{PAGENAMETDOC}}|child | navbar = plain | title = [[French colonial empire|Former French colonies]] in [[Asia]] and [[Oceania]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[French India]] | list1 = * [[Chandernagor]] * [[Coromandel Coast]] * [[History of Chennai|Madras]] * [[Mahé, India|Mahé]] * [[History of Pondicherry|Pondichéry]] * [[Karaikal]] * [[Yanam (India)|Yanaon]] | group2 = [[French Indochina]] | list2 = * [[Colonial Cambodia|Cambodia]] * [[History of Laos to 1945#French Laos|Laos]] * [[French Indochina|Vietnam]] <small>([[Annam (French colony)|Annam]], [[Cochinchina]], [[Tonkin]])</small> | group3 = Other Asian | list3 = * [[Alawite State|Alaouites]] * [[Republic of Hatay|Alexandretta-Hatay]] * [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] * [[Kwangchowan]] | group4 = [[Oceania]] | list4 = * [[New Hebrides]] ** [[History of Vanuatu|Vanuatu]] | below = [[French East India Company]] }} }} == Relationship with other Navbox templates == This navbox template works in conjunction with two other templates: {{tl|Navbox with columns}} and {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}. All three of these templates share common parameters for consistency and ease of use (such parameters are marked with an asterisk (*) in the [[#Parameter descriptions|parameter descriptions]] list hereinbefore). Most importantly, each template can be used as a child of one another (by using the {{para|border|child}} parameter, or by specifying the first unnamed parameter to be <code>child</code>. For example: <code><nowiki>{{Navbox|child ...}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{Navbox with columns|child ...}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{Navbox with collapsible groups|child ...}}</nowiki></code>.) == Technical details == * The {{navbar|1=:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|mini=on}} links are produced by [[Template:Navbar]]. If you have a question about them, it is probably best to ask at [[Template talk:Navbar]]. * The 2px wide border between groups and lists is drawn using the border-left property of the list cell. Thus, if you wish to change the background color of the template (for example <code>bodystyle = background:purple;</code>), then you'll need to make the border-left-color match the background color (i.e. <code>liststyle = border-left-color: purple;</code>). If you wish to have a border around each list cell, then the 2px border between the list cells and group cells will disappear; you'll have to come up with your own solution. * The list cell width is initially set to 100%. Thus, if you wish to manually set the width of group cells, you'll need to also specify the liststyle to have width: auto. If you wish to set the group width and use images, it's up to you to figure out the CSS in the groupstyle, liststyle, imagestyle, and imageleftstyle parameters to get everything to work correctly. Example of setting group width: ** <code>groupstyle = width: 10em;</code> ** <code>liststyle = width: auto;</code> * Adjacent navboxes have only a 1 pixel border between them. If you set the top or bottom margin of <code>style/bodystyle</code>, then this will not work. * The default margin-left and margin-right of the outer navbox table are set to "auto;". If you wish to use navbox as a float, you need to manually set the margin-left and margin-right values, because the auto margins interfere with the float option. For example, add the following code to use the navbox as a float: ** <code>bodystyle = width: 22em; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0;</code> === Copying to other projects or wikis === If you are trying to copy {{tlf|Navbox}} to your local wiki, there are several other things that must be installed or copied over as well: * The [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] and [[:mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] extensions must be installed. * [[Module:Navbox]] and its module and TemplateStyles dependencies, listed there * Optionally, the <code>Add support to mw-collapsible for autocollapse, innercollapse and outercollapse</code> script from [[MediaWiki:Common.js]] may be copied, if autocollapsing is desired. == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "state": { "label": "State", "description": "Controls when a navbox is expanded or collapsed", "example": "autocollapse", "suggestedvalues": [ "autocollapse", "collapsed", "expanded", "plain", "off" ], "default": "autocollapse", "suggested": true }, "title": { "label": "Title", "description": "Text in the title bar; centered in the top row of the table. Usually the template's topic.", "example": "[[Widget stuff]]", "suggested": true }, "above": { "label": "Above", "description": "Full-width cell displayed between the titlebar and first group/list, i.e. above the template's body (groups, lists and image)", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "image": { "label": "Image", "description": "Image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the right of the body", "example": "[[File:XX.jpg | 80px | link= | alt= ]]", "type": "wiki-file-name", "suggested": true }, "group1": { "label": "Group 1", "description": "If specified, text appears in a header cell displayed to the left of list 1. If omitted, list 1 uses the full width of the table.", "suggested": true }, "list1": { "label": "List 1", "description": "Body of the template; usually a list of links. Format is inline. At least one list parameter is required; each additional list is displayed in a separate row of the table. Each listn may be preceded by a corresponding groupn parameter.\nEntries should be separated using a newline and an asterisk. If two asterisks are used, it provides nesting within the previous entry with brackets.", "required": true, "suggested": true }, "group2": { "suggested": true }, "list2": { "suggested": true }, "list3": { "suggested": true }, "group3": { "suggested": true }, "group4": {}, "list4": {}, "below": { "label": "Below", "description": "Full-width cell displayed below the template's body.", "suggested": true }, "imageleft": { "label": "Image left", "description": "Image to be displayed in a cell below the title and to the left of the body. For the image to display properly, list1 parameter must be specified and no groups can be specified.", "example": "[[File:XX.jpg | 80px | link= | alt= ]]", "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "name": { "label": "Name", "description": "The name of the template. Needed for \"View • Talk • Edit\" links to work properly.", "type": "string", "default": "{{subst:PAGENAME}}{{subst:void|Don't change anything on this line. It will change itself when you save.}}", "suggested": true }, "listclass": { "label": "List class", "description": "CSS class for the list cells, usually hlist for horizontal lists. Alternatively, use bodyclass for the whole box.", "example": "hlist", "type": "string" }, "navbar": { "label": "Navbar status", "example": "plain, off", "type": "string" }, "border": { "label": "Border status", "example": "child, subgroup, none", "type": "string" }, "bodystyle": {}, "basestyle": {}, "titlestyle": {}, "groupstyle": {}, "group1style": {}, "groupwidth": {}, "liststyle": {}, "list1style": {}, "listpadding": {}, "oddstyle": {}, "evenstyle": {}, "evenodd": { "suggestedvalues": [ "swap", "even", "odd", "off" ] }, "abovestyle": {}, "belowstyle": {}, "imagestyle": {}, "imageleftstyle": {} }, "description": "Creates a navigational box for links to other pages. \nDoes not display in mobile.", "paramOrder": [ "name", "title", "group1", "list1", "listclass", "state", "above", "below", "image", "group2", "list2", "group3", "list3", "group4", "list4", "imageleft", "navbar", "border", "bodystyle", "basestyle", "titlestyle", "groupstyle", "liststyle", "group1style", "list1style", "groupwidth", "listpadding", "oddstyle", "evenstyle", "evenodd", "abovestyle", "belowstyle", "imagestyle", "imageleftstyle" ] } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Navboxes}} — groups several navigation boxes together. * {{tl|Nobold}} — To display text at normal font-weight within a context where the default font-weight is bold, e.g. header cells in tables. * {{tl|Sidebar}} — Vertically-aligned navigation templates. * [[Template:Navbox/testcases]] — For additional examples of template code. * [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]] — The how-to guide about how to handle word wraps (line breaks) on Wikipedia, such as the wrapping of the link lists used in navboxes. * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation]] — Guideline to creating the accompanying documentation * {{tl|Nowrap begin}}, {{tl|·}} and {{tl|•}} are '''deprecated''' in favor of the <code>hlist</code> class for formatting lists. See [[Template:Flatlist#Technical details|Flatlist]] for a technical explanation of how <code>hlist</code> works. === Tracking categories === * {{clc|Navbox orphans}} * {{clc|Navigational boxes without horizontal lists}} * {{clc|Navboxes using background colours}} * {{clc|Potentially illegible navboxes}} * {{clc|Navboxes using borders}} {{Navigation templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Navigational boxes| ]] [[Category:Templates generating microformats]] [[Category:Templates that are not mobile friendly]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Collapse templates]] }}</includeonly> 6o3yu0iha9p1938jllop8lo4kgodk6i 828 10978 84044 2022-05-19T06:01:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:For Scribunto text/plain local mArguments --initialize lazily local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local yesNo = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} --Implements {{For}} from the frame --uses capitalized "For" to avoid collision with Lua reserved word "for" function p.For (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._For(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) end --Implements {{For}} but takes a manual arguments table function p._For (args) local use = args[1] if (not use) then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no context parameter provided. Use {{other uses}} for "other uses" hatnotes.', 'Template:For#Errors', args.category ) end local pages = {} function two (a, b) return a, b, 1 end --lets us run ipairs from 2 for k, v in two(ipairs(args)) do table.insert(pages, v) end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local skipCat = title.isTalkPage or title.namespace == 2 --don't categorise talk pages and userspace local oddCat = skipCat and '' or '[[Category:Hatnote templates using unusual parameters]]' local category = yesNo(args.category) return mHatnote._hatnote( mHatlist.forSeeTableToString({{use = use, pages = pages}}), {selfref = args.selfref} ) .. ( (use == 'other uses') and ((category == true) or (category == nil)) and oddCat or '' ) end return p 5kir3llbyjasubdg18thlz8rxsxfwtw 828 10979 84045 2022-05-19T06:01:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:For/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} Implements {{tl|for}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules]] }}</includeonly> sc7o3dabuz5k5qgwnhek155wf2f04og 10 10980 84046 2022-05-19T06:02:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lua sidebar wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar | class = lua-sidebar | templatestyles = Template:Lua sidebar/styles.css | title = Related pages | content1 = {{plainlist}} * [[Template:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Template]] {{#if:{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Template talk:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}||([[Template talk:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|talk]])}} * [[Template:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/sandbox|Template sandbox]] * [[Template:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/testcases|Template testcases]] * [[Template:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/doc|Template doc]] * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:{{{template|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/|Template subpages]] * [[Module:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|Module]] {{#if:{{#invoke:redirect|isRedirect|Module talk:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}||([[Module talk:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}|talk]])}} * [[Module:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/sandbox|Module sandbox]] * [[Module talk:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/testcases|Module testcases]] * [[Module:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/doc|Module doc]] * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:{{{module|{{{title|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}}}}/|Module subpages]] {{endplainlist}} | content2 = {{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s5y8n898go3p8r4cru1j3ini466tzdv 10 10981 84047 2022-05-19T06:02:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lua sidebar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Lua sidebar/styles.css}} This template displays links which are generated based on a page's base page name. These are useful for templates which work using a specific Lua module. The parameter {{para|title}} can be used to add the title of the template and module, if needed; {{para|template}} and {{para|module}} do the same, but for only the template and only the module respectively. The first unnamed parameter or {{para|1}} can be used to add more information; {{tlx|Sidebar|2=child=yes}} can be used inside it for further customization. The default links use {{tl|Div col}} and the <kbd>plainlist</kbd> CSS class. == Usage == * Without any extra links: <code><nowiki>{{Lua sidebar}}</nowiki></code> * With an extra unbulleted list: <code><nowiki>{{Lua sidebar|{{ubl|List item 1|List item 2}}}}</nowiki></code> * For [[Template:Infobox]] and [[Module:Infobox]]: <code><nowiki>{{Lua sidebar|title=Infobox}}</nowiki></code> * For [[Template:Coord]], on [[Module talk:Coordinates]]: <code><nowiki>{{Lua sidebar|template=Coord}}</nowiki></code> * For [[Module:Coordinates]], on [[Template talk:Coord]]: <code><nowiki>{{Lua sidebar|module=Coordinates}}</nowiki></code> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 4xoxr213bkj19874wa1v9qdgn10qexu 10 10982 84048 2022-05-19T06:03:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Main wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> hz9saa715ercns6m73a0a1ud2ptzt26 10 10983 84049 2022-05-19T06:03:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Main/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Never substitute}} {{Lua|icononly=on|Module:Labelled list hatnote}} {{hatnote|This template is for linking to main content. For the mainspace detection template, see [[:template:main other]].}} When a [[Wikipedia:What is an article?|Wikipedia article]] is large, it is often written in [[Wikipedia:Summary style|summary style]]. This [[Wikipedia:Template messages|template]] is used after the heading of the summary, to link to the subtopic article that has been summarized. For [[Help:Category|Category namespace]], please use '''{{tl|Cat main}}''' instead. Use of this template should be restricted to the purposes described above. It is '''not''' to be used as a substitute for inline links or {{tl|Further}} template. The latter is used when the section expounds a specific aspect of the topic instead of summarizing its article. For example, in [[phthalate]], the template under the "Endocrine disruptor" section should '''not''' be {{tlf|Main|Endocrine disruptor}}, because the section specifically deals with phthalate as an endocrine disruptor and not endocrine disruptors in general. This template should also not be used in lead sections. A lead section is always a summary of its own article, not any other; as such, the only appropriate target for a {{tl|Main}} link in the lead section would be the article itself, which is not useful. {{tl|Broader}} may be appropriate in this case. {{TOC limit}} ==Usage== {{startplainlist}} * {{vad|Basic usage:|7.5em|left}} <code>{{((}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}{{!}}{{var|page}}{{))}}</code> * {{vad|All parameters:|7.5em|left}} <code>{{((}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}{{!}}{{var|page1}}{{!}}{{var|page2}}{{!}}{{var|page3}}{{!}}&nbsp;...&nbsp;{{!}}l1&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{var|label1}}{{!}}l2&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{var|label2}}{{!}}l3&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{var|label3}}{{!}}&nbsp;...&nbsp;{{!}}selfref&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{var|yes}}{{))}}</code> {{endplainlist}} ==Parameters== *<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, ... – the pages to link to. If no page names are specified, the current page name is used instead (without the [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] prefix). Categories and files are automatically escaped with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], and links to sections are automatically formatted as ''page § section'', rather than the MediaWiki default of ''page#section''. *<code>l1</code>, <code>l2</code>, <code>l3</code>, ... ''or''<code>label 1</code>, <code>label 2</code>, <code>label 3</code>, ... – optional labels for each of the pages to link to (this is for articles where a piped link would be used). Note that the extra parameters use a lower case 'L', for example, <code>l1</code>, <u>not</u> <code>L1</code>. *<code>selfref</code> – if set to "yes", "y", "true" or "1", adds the CSS class "selfref". This is used to denote self-references to Wikipedia. See [[Template:Selfref]] for more information. This is only necessary in articles and other content (e.g. templates) that will appear in articles, and need not be added for uses of this template on <code>Wikipedia:</code> namespace pages. ==Template data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is used after the heading of a section, to link to a sub-article (or sub-articles) that is entirely about the topic of the section. The template will display, in italics, \"Main article: Article 1, Article 2 and Article 3\"", "params": { "1": { "label": "Page 1", "description": "The name of the first page that you want to link to. If this is not specified, the current page name (with no namespace prefix) is used instead. ", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false, "suggested": true }, "2": { "label": "Page 2", "description": "The name of the second page that you want to link to.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "Page 3", "description": "The name of the third page that you want to link to. More pages can be added using the parameters \"4\", \"5\", etc.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "l1": { "type": "string", "label": "Label 1", "description": "What the first linked page is to be displayed as.", "aliases": [ "label 1" ] }, "l2": { "label": "Label 2", "description": "What the second linked page is to be displayed as.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "label 2" ] }, "l3": { "label": "Label 3", "description": "What the third linked page is to be displayed as. Other labels can be added by using increasing numbers (starting with \"l4\" for page 4) as parameter names.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "label 3" ] }, "selfref": { "type": "boolean", "label": "Self reference", "description": "Set to \"yes\" if the template is a self-reference to Wikipedia that would not make sense on mirrors or forks of the Wikipedia site." } }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "3", "l1", "l2", "l3", "selfref" ], "format": "{{_|_ = _}}\n" } </templatedata> ==Examples== *<code><nowiki>{{Main}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|category=no}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|Article}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|Article}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|Article#Section}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|Article#Section}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|Article#Section|l1=Custom section label}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|Article#Section|l1=Custom section label}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|Article1|Article2|Article3}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|Article1|Article2|Article3}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|Article1|l1=Custom label 1|Article2|l2=Custom label 2}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|Article1|l1=Custom label 1|Article2|l2=Custom label 2}} *<code><nowiki>{{Main|(15760) 1992 QB1|l1={{mp|(15760) 1992 QB|1}}}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{main|(15760) 1992 QB1|l1={{mp|(15760) 1992 QB|1}}}} ==Errors== If the name of the first page that you want to link to is not specified, the current page name (with no namespace prefix) is used instead: *{{Main|category=no}} No errors can be displayed due to the illegal usage of parameters or other usages (i.e. the first parameter can be omitted, other parameters can be used even if the first one is empty (and automatically filled with the current page name (with no namespace prefix)), equals sign can be used as one of the parameters, and template can be used by direct call to the module (using "#invoke")). This is not the case for {{tl|see also}}, for example. ==See also== *{{tl|Broader}}: For broader coverage of this topic, see {{color|blue|Article}}. *{{tl|Excerpt}}, which allows transclusion of text (such as an intro section) from one article into another *{{tl|Further}}: Further information: {{color|blue|Article}}. *{{tl|Official website}} {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Exclude in print]] [[Category:Hatnote templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia page-section templates]] }}</includeonly> lp2d4xpc10bs3ssie7cfm99nmleojav 10 10984 84050 2022-05-19T06:04:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sidebar wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Sidebar|sidebar}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> jzouzofoaugku1umcgwhk1sk23s7qrm 10 10985 84051 2022-05-19T06:04:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sidebar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{about|the vertical navigation template|the horizontal template|Template:Navbox|the left sidebar of the interface|mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar{{!}}the article in the Mediawiki Manual}} {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Sidebar|{{High-risk| approximately 145000 }}{{Template display|nomobile}}}} {{Lua|Module:Sidebar}} This template is a [[wikt:Metatemplate|metatemplate]] for the creation of sidebar templates, i.e. boxes that are [[Vertical direction|vertically]]-aligned [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigation templates]]. Sidebars, like [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infoboxes]], are usually positioned on the right-hand side of a page. {{tl|Sidebar with collapsible lists}} is a version of {{tl|Sidebar}} that adds collapsibility to its sections, i.e. the means to show or hide sections by clicking links beside their headings. {{Navbox visibility}} Note that [[MOS:LEAD]] discourages the placement of sidebars in the lead section of articles. == Usage == {{Generic template demo |name= |outertitle |topimage |pretitle |title |image |caption |above |heading1 |content1 |heading2 |content2 |heading3 |content3 |content4=''…… etc ……'' |below}} <pre> {{Sidebar | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | class = | wraplinks = <!-- "true" otherwise (default:) omit --> | float = | templatestyles = | child templatestyles = | grandchild templatestyles = | outertitleclass = | outertitle = | topimageclass = | topimage = | topcaption = | pretitleclass = | pretitle = | titleclass = | title = | imageclass = | image = | caption = | headingclass = | contentclass = | aboveclass = | above = | heading1 = | heading1class = | content1 = | content1class = | heading2 = | heading2class = | content2 = | content2class = | heading3 = | heading3class = | content3 = | content3class = <!-- (omitting infinite heading/content parameters) --> | belowclass = | below = | navbar = }} </pre> Note that {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Elements}} discourages the placement of sidebars in the lead section of articles, though they may be included on a case-by-case basis. == Parameters == {{anchor|Other parameters}} No parameters are mandatory. If {{tl|navbar}} links are to function correctly (unless their appearance is suppressed; see the ''navbar'' parameter [[#Other parameters|below]]), the parameter ''name'' needs to be set (to [[Wikipedia:Page name|the name of]] the sidebar's page). (This does not apply if the [[Lua (programming language)|Lua module]] that produces {{tlf|Sidebar}}, [[Module:Sidebar]], is being used directly.) {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope="col" | Explanation |- | {{para|above}} | Same as the {{para|above}} offered by {{tl|Navbox}}. |- | {{para|name}} | The sidebar's name, i.e. the name following "Template:" in the title shown at the top of the sidebar's page. <br />Required if the {{small|{{smallcaps|V T E}}}} {{tl|navbar}} links at the bottom of the sidebar are to function correctly, unless their appearance is suppressed (see the ''navbar'' parameter [[#Other parameters|below]]) or {{tlf|Sidebar}} is not being used as a [[Wrapper function|wrapper]] for [[Module:Sidebar]]. When {{tlf|Sidebar}} is used as a wrapper, setting {{para|name|<nowiki>{{subst:PAGENAME}}</nowiki>}} is recommended. |- | {{para|float}} | Accepts the values <code>none</code> and <code>left</code>. The former aligns the box left without floating and the latter with floating behavior. The default float is right and does not need specifying. Prefer this parameter (and passing it to any using templates such as with {{tl|Helpbox}}) to specifying your own floats in TemplateStyles. |- | {{para|outertitle}} | Use to place a title for the sidebar immediately above the sidebar. |- | {{para|topimage}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Use to place an image at the top of the sidebar, i.e. above {{para|title}} (if used). Full wiki syntax is expected (i.e. <code><nowiki>[[File:...]]</nowiki></code>). <br />To add a caption below the image, use {{para|topcaption}}. |- | {{para|pretitle}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Use to place a line such as "Part of the ''X'' series on" before the title. |- | {{para|title}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Use to place a title for the sidebar at the top of the sidebar. (If {{para|topimage}} is used, it will appear immediately below it). |- | {{para|image}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Use to place an image between the {{para|title}} (if used) and first section. As with {{para|topimage}}, full wiki syntax is expected (i.e. <code><nowiki>[[File:...]]</nowiki></code>). <br />To add a caption below the image, use {{para|caption}}. |- | {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>}}<br/>{{para|content<sub>n</sub>}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| The ''n''th heading{{\}}content. ''content<sub>n</sub>'' is required if ''heading<sub>n</sub>'' is also to appear. |- | {{para|templatestyles}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| See [[#TemplateStyles]]. |- | id="Classes" | *{{nowrap|{{para|class}} or {{para|bodyclass}}}} *{{para|outertitleclass}} *{{para|topimageclass}} *{{para|pretitleclass}} *{{para|titleclass}} *{{para|imageclass}} *{{para|aboveclass}} *{{para|headingclass}} *{{para|contentclass}} *{{para|heading<sub>n</sub>class}} *{{para|content<sub>n</sub>class}} *{{para|belowclass}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Classes can be used to make styles easier to target for [[#TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. {{para|class}} must be used for this purpose for an entire sidebar (otherwise a page with multiple sidebars may take styles intended only for one sidebar). An example for a template named "Template:Example Sidebar" might have the class {{para|class|example-sidebar}}. {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>class}} and {{para|content<sub>n</sub>class}} can be used to target a specific heading or content group. This should be needed only rarely. These classes can also be used for [[WP:microformats|microformats]]. Dot before a class-name can be omitted: {{para|class|foo}}. |- | {{para|below}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| Same as the {{para|below}} offered by {{tl|Navbox}}.<br />(Use, for example, to add one or more portal links to the bottom of the template (shown, by default, in bold).) |- | {{para|navbar}} |style="padding-left:0.5em;"| When {{para|name}} is specified, {{tl|navbar}} is shown at the bottom of the sidebar. Setting {{para|navbar|off}} or {{para|navbar|none}} will suppress the {{navbar|Sidebar/doc|mini=1}} links showing. |} === TemplateStyles === {{further|Wikipedia:TemplateStyles}} The TemplateStyles parameters {{para|templatestyles}}, {{para|child templatestyles}}, and {{para|grandchild templatestyles}} take the pagename of a [[WP:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] page and turn it into a TemplateStyles tag. The TemplateStyles tag is a much more powerful way to add styling to a sidebar. Some rules of use: # Always add a template-specific class in {{para|class}} so that the styles added to one sidebar will not "leak" into another sidebar. For example, [[Template:DYK tools]] has {{para|class|dyk-tools}} and the [[Template:DYK tools/styles.css]] page targets <code>.dyk-tools</code> for all of its added styling. # Do not assume Template:Sidebar will continue to have a table structure (i.e., do not target <code>table</code> or any other table HTML in the TemplateStyles page). The table structure is soft-deprecated and will go away at some point in the future. These tags are loaded in this order: Core templatestyles ([[Module:Sidebar/styles.css]]), templatestyles, child, and then grandchild, which can be used to 'cascade' the styles. ; {{para|templatestyles}} : This parameter is intended for a template or module calling {{tl|sidebar}} directly. ; {{para|child templatestyles}} : This parameter is intended for a template or module which calls a sidebar with {{para|templatestyles}}. ; {{para|grandchild templatestyles}} : This parameter is intended for a template or module which calls a sidebar with {{para|child templatestyles}}. The canonical list of classes output with each kind of element of a sidebar (i.e. output for all {{para|content<sub>n</sub>}}, or all cases of {{para|above}}) can be found in [[Module:Sidebar/configuration]] in the "class" table. The below is a non-authoritative but otherwise sufficient list for most generic styling: {{div col}} ; <code>.sidebar</code> : The top-level sidebar class. ; <code>.sidebar-outer-title</code> : The class associated with a {{para|outertitle}}. ; <code>.sidebar-top-image</code> : The class associated with a {{para|topimage}}. ; <code>.sidebar-top-caption</code> : The class associated with a {{para|topcaption}}. ; <code>.sidebar-pretitle</code> ; <code>.sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image</code> : The classes associated with a {{para|pretitle}}. Only one of these will be output per sidebar, depending on whether {{para|topimage}} is present. ; <code>.sidebar-title</code> ; <code>.sidebar-title-with-pretitle</code> : The classes associated with a {{para|title}}. Only one of these will be output per sidebar, depending on whether {{para|pretitle}} is present. ; <code>.sidebar-image</code> : The class associated with a {{para|image}}. ; <code>.sidebar-caption</code> : The class associated with a {{para|caption}}. ; <code>.sidebar-above</code> : The class associated with a {{para|above}}. ; <code>.sidebar-heading</code> : The class associated with a {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>}}. Every heading will have this class. ; <code>.sidebar-content</code> ; <code>.sidebar-content-with-subgroup</code> : The classes associated with {{para|content<sub>n</sub>}}. Every content group will have one of these classes, depending on whether the specific content has a subgroup. ; <code>.sidebar-below</code> : The class associated with a {{para|below}}. ; <code>.sidebar-navbar</code> : The class associated with a {{para|navbar}}. {{div col end}} ==== Example TemplateStyles parameter use ==== For an example of a sidebar which does not need to support children templates of its own (whether because it has no children or because it wants no children): <pre> {{Sidebar | title = Child Example | class = sidebar-example | templatestyles = Template:Sidebar/example/styles.css }} </pre> For an example of a sidebar which does have its own children and an example of one of the children (grandchild templates have a similar use): <div style="display: flex"> <pre> {{Sidebar | title = {{{title|Title Child Example}}} | class = sidebar-example {{{class|}}} | templatestyles = Template:Sidebar/example/styles.css | child templatestyles = {{{child templatestyles|}}} }} </pre> <pre> {{Sidebar/child example | title = Title Grandchild Example | class = sidebar-child-example | child templatestyles = Template:Sidebar/child example/styles.css }} </pre> </div> == Handling long links == {{tl|Normalwraplink}} may be used to handle individual links that should wrap within the sidebar or otherwise need to be made to wrap, in order to prevent the sidebar from becoming too wide. Use {{tlx|normalwraplink|{{var|longlinkname}}}}, where {{para||{{var|longlinkname}}}} is the long link without its square brackets. Use the {{para|wraplinks|true}} parameter to enable link wrapping (disabling {{codett|lang=css|nowraplinks}} CSS class) for the whole template. == Nesting == One sidebar template can be nested (embedded) into another one by using the {{para|child}} parameter. This feature can be used to create a modular sidebar, or to create more well-defined and logical sections. {{Sidebar | title = Top-level title | content1 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | title = First subsection | heading1 = Heading 1.1 | content1 = Content 1.1 }} | content2 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | title = Second subsection | heading1 = Heading 2.1 | content1 = Content 2.1 }} | below = "below" text }} <pre style="position:relative;bottom:0.5em; overflow:auto;"> {{Sidebar | title = Top-level title | content1 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | title = First subsection | heading1 = Heading 1.1 | content1 = Content 1.1 }} | content2 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | title = Second subsection | heading1 = Heading 2.1 | content1 = Content 2.1 }} | below = "below" text }} </pre> Note in the examples above that the child sidebar is placed in a {{code|content}} field, not a {{code|heading}} field. Notice also that the section subheadings do not appear in bold if this is not explicitly specified. To obtain bold section headings, move the titles to the {{code|heading}} field, using {{Sidebar | title = Top-level title | heading1 = First subsection | content1 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | heading1 = Heading 1.1 | content1 = Content 1.1 }} | heading2 = Second subsection | content2 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | heading1 = Heading 2.1 | content1 = Content 2.1 }} | below = "below" text }} <pre style="position:relative;bottom:0.5em; overflow:auto;"> {{Sidebar | title = Top-level title | heading1 = First subsection | content1 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | heading1 = Heading 1.1 | content1 = Content 1.1 }} | heading2 = Second subsection | content2 = {{Sidebar |child=yes | heading1 = Heading 2.1 | content1 = Content 2.1 }} | below = "below" text }} </pre> == Deprecated parameters == The following parameters are deprecated in favor of [[#TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] and templates/modules using them are categorized into [[:Category:Sidebars with styles needing conversion]]. The category page has further conversion information. A specific real conversion example is [[Template:DYK tools]] where the [[Special:Diff/1002727584|styles were moved]] to [[Template:DYK tools/styles.css]]. {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Parameter ! scope="col" | Explanation ! scope="col" | TemplateStyles replacement class |- | {{nowrap|{{para|style}} or {{para|bodystyle}}}} | Additional [[Help:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] for the whole sidebar. | Class assigned to the template in {{para|class}} |- | {{para|basestyle}} | Additional CSS for a grabbag of parameters: {{para|pretitle}}, {{para|title}}, {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>}}, and {{para|listtitle<sub>n</sub>}} (for {{tl|sidebar with collapsible lists}}). | See related parameters for targeting pretitle, title, all headings, and all lists. Applies {{em|before}} the specific style parameter so must be placed above that parameter's declarations if any in the TemplateStyles sheet. |- |{{para|outertitlestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|outertitle}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-outer-title}} |- |{{para|topimagestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|topimage}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-top-image}} |- |{{para|topcaptionstyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|topcaption}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-topcaption}} |- |{{para|pretitlestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|pretitle}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-pretitle}} or {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image}} |- |{{para|titlestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|title}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-title}} or {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-title-with-pretitle}} |- |{{para|imagestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|image}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-image}} |- |{{para|captionstyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|caption}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-caption}} |- |{{para|abovestyle}} |Additional CSS for {{Para|above}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-above}} |- | {{para|headingstyle}} | Additional CSS for section headings. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-heading}} |- | {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>style}} | Additional CSS for {{Para|heading<sub>n</sub>}}. | Class assigned to the heading in {{para|heading<sub>n</sub>class}} |- | {{para|contentstyle}} | Additional CSS for all section content. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-content}} and/or {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-content-with-subgroup}} |- | {{para|content<sub>n</sub>style}} | Additional CSS for {{Para|content<sub>n</sub>}}. | Class assigned to the content in {{para|content<sub>n</sub>class}} |- | {{para|belowstyle}} | Additional CSS for {{Para|below}}. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-below}} |- | {{para|navbarstyle}} | Additional CSS for the generated navbar. | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-navbar}} |- | {{para|navbarfontstyle}} | Additional CSS passed to the navbar module to target the VTE (colors usually). | {{code|lang=css|.sidebar-navbar li, .sidebar-navbar a}} |} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using sidebar with the child parameter}} * {{clc|Sidebars with styles needing conversion}} == See also == * [[Special:Permalink/609911857|Last pre-Lua version]] * {{tl|Sidebar with collapsible lists}} * {{tl|Infobox}} * {{tl|Side box}} * [[Wikipedia:UBLIST]], for help using unbulleted lists within content. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Sidebar meta-templates| ]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> psv43h9tfki05sxz4r8q3n446mnbkgn 828 10986 84052 2022-05-19T06:04:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sidebar Scribunto text/plain -- -- This module implements {{Sidebar}} -- require('Module:No globals') local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Sidebar/configuration') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs --[[ Categorizes calling templates and modules with a 'style' parameter of any sort for tracking to convert to TemplateStyles. TODO after a long cleanup: Catch sidebars in other namespaces than Template and Module. TODO would probably want to remove /log and /archive as CS1 does ]] local function categorizeTemplatesWithInlineStyles(args) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.namespace ~= 10 and title.namespace ~= 828 then return '' end for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.i18n.pattern.uncategorized_conversion_titles) do if title.text:match(pattern) then return '' end end for key, _ in pairs(args) do if mw.ustring.find(key, cfg.i18n.pattern.style_conversion) or key == 'width' then return cfg.i18n.category.conversion end end end --[[ For compatibility with the original {{sidebar with collapsible lists}} implementation, which passed some parameters through {{#if}} to trim their whitespace. This also triggered the automatic newline behavior. ]] -- See ([[meta:Help:Newlines and spaces#Automatic newline]]) local function trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(s) s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") if mw.ustring.find(s, '^[#*:;]') or mw.ustring.find(s, '^{|') then return '\n' .. s else return s end end --[[ Finds whether a sidebar has a subgroup sidebar. ]] local function hasSubgroup(s) if mw.ustring.find(s, cfg.i18n.pattern.subgroup) then return true else return false end end --[[ Main sidebar function. Takes the frame, args, and an optional collapsibleClass. The collapsibleClass is and should be used only for sidebars with collapsible lists, as in p.collapsible. ]] function p.sidebar(frame, args, collapsibleClass) if not args then args = getArgs(frame) end local root = mw.html.create() local child = args.child and mw.text.trim(args.child) == cfg.i18n.child_yes root = root:tag('table') if not child then root :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.sidebar) -- force collapsibleclass to be sidebar-collapse otherwise output nothing :addClass(collapsibleClass == cfg.i18n.class.collapse and cfg.i18n.class.collapse or nil) :addClass('nomobile') :addClass(args.float == cfg.i18n.float_none and cfg.i18n.class.float_none or nil) :addClass(args.float == cfg.i18n.float_left and cfg.i18n.class.float_left or nil) :addClass(args.wraplinks ~= cfg.i18n.wrap_true and cfg.i18n.class.wraplinks or nil) :addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class) :css('width', args.width or nil) :cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style) if args.outertitle then root :tag('caption') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.outer_title) :addClass(args.outertitleclass) :cssText(args.outertitlestyle) :wikitext(args.outertitle) end if args.topimage then local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') imageCell :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.top_image) :addClass(args.topimageclass) :cssText(args.topimagestyle) :wikitext(args.topimage) if args.topcaption then imageCell :tag('div') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.top_caption) :cssText(args.topcaptionstyle) :wikitext(args.topcaption) end end if args.pretitle then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(args.topimage and cfg.i18n.class.pretitle_with_top_image or cfg.i18n.class.pretitle) :addClass(args.pretitleclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.pretitlestyle) :wikitext(args.pretitle) end else root :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.subgroup) :addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class) :cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style) end if args.title then if child then root :wikitext(args.title) else root :tag('tr') :tag('th') :addClass(args.pretitle and cfg.i18n.class.title_with_pretitle or cfg.i18n.class.title) :addClass(args.titleclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.titlestyle) :wikitext(args.title) end end if args.image then local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td') imageCell :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.image) :addClass(args.imageclass) :cssText(args.imagestyle) :wikitext(args.image) if args.caption then imageCell :tag('div') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.caption) :cssText(args.captionstyle) :wikitext(args.caption) end end if args.above then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.above) :addClass(args.aboveclass) :cssText(args.abovestyle) :newline() -- newline required for bullet-points to work :wikitext(args.above) end local rowNums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do k = '' .. k local num = k:match('^heading(%d+)$') or k:match('^content(%d+)$') if num then table.insert(rowNums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(rowNums) -- remove duplicates from the list (e.g. 3 will be duplicated if both heading3 -- and content3 are specified) for i = #rowNums, 1, -1 do if rowNums[i] == rowNums[i - 1] then table.remove(rowNums, i) end end for i, num in ipairs(rowNums) do local heading = args['heading' .. num] if heading then root :tag('tr') :tag('th') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.heading) :addClass(args.headingclass) :addClass(args['heading' .. num .. 'class']) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.headingstyle) :cssText(args['heading' .. num .. 'style']) :newline() :wikitext(heading) end local content = args['content' .. num] if content then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(hasSubgroup(content) and cfg.i18n.class.content_with_subgroup or cfg.i18n.class.content) :addClass(args.contentclass) :addClass(args['content' .. num .. 'class']) :cssText(args.contentstyle) :cssText(args['content' .. num .. 'style']) :newline() :wikitext(content) :done() -- Without a linebreak after the </td>, a nested list like -- "* {{hlist| ...}}" doesn't parse correctly. :newline() end end if args.below then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.below) :addClass(args.belowclass) :cssText(args.belowstyle) :newline() :wikitext(args.below) end if not child then if args.navbar ~= cfg.i18n.navbar_none and args.navbar ~= cfg.i18n.navbar_off and (args.name or frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub(cfg.i18n.pattern.sandbox, '') ~= cfg.i18n.title_not_to_add_navbar) then root :tag('tr') :tag('td') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.navbar) :cssText(args.navbarstyle) :wikitext(require('Module:Navbar')._navbar{ args.name, mini = 1, fontstyle = args.navbarfontstyle }) end end local base_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = cfg.i18n.templatestyles } } local templatestyles = '' if args['templatestyles'] and args['templatestyles'] ~= '' then templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['templatestyles'] } } end local child_templatestyles = '' if args['child templatestyles'] and args['child templatestyles'] ~= '' then child_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['child templatestyles'] } } end local grandchild_templatestyles = '' if args['grandchild templatestyles'] and args['grandchild templatestyles'] ~= '' then grandchild_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['grandchild templatestyles'] } } end return table.concat({ base_templatestyles, templatestyles, child_templatestyles, grandchild_templatestyles, tostring(root), (child and cfg.i18n.category.child or ''), categorizeTemplatesWithInlineStyles(args) }) end local function list_title(args, is_centered_list_titles, num) local title_text = trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num .. 'title'] or cfg.i18n.default_list_title) local title if is_centered_list_titles then -- collapsible can be finicky, so provide some CSS/HTML to support title = mw.html.create('div') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_title_centered) :wikitext(title_text) else title = mw.html.create() :wikitext(title_text) end local title_container = mw.html.create('div') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_title) -- don't /need/ a listnumtitleclass because you can do -- .templateclass .listnumclass .sidebar-list-title :addClass(args.listtitleclass) :cssText(args.basestyle) :cssText(args.listtitlestyle) :cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'titlestyle']) :node(title) :done() return title_container end --[[ Main entry point for sidebar with collapsible lists. Does the work of creating the collapsible lists themselves and including them into the args. ]] function p.collapsible(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) if not args.name and frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub(cfg.i18n.pattern.collapse_sandbox, '') == cfg.i18n.collapse_title_not_to_add_navbar then args.navbar = cfg.i18n.navbar_none end local contentArgs = {} local is_centered_list_titles if args['centered list titles'] and args['centered list titles'] ~= '' then is_centered_list_titles = true else is_centered_list_titles = false end for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = string.match(k, '^list(%d+)$') if num then local expand = args.expanded and (args.expanded == 'all' or args.expanded == args['list' .. num .. 'name']) local row = mw.html.create('div') row :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list) :addClass('mw-collapsible') :addClass((not expand) and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) :addClass(args['list' .. num .. 'class']) :cssText(args.listframestyle) :cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'framestyle']) :node(list_title(args, is_centered_list_titles, num)) :tag('div') :addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_content) :addClass('mw-collapsible-content') -- don't /need/ a listnumstyleclass because you can do -- .templatename .listnumclass .sidebar-list :addClass(args.listclass) :cssText(args.liststyle) :cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'style']) :wikitext(trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num])) contentArgs['content' .. num] = tostring(row) end end for k, v in pairs(contentArgs) do args[k] = v end return p.sidebar(frame, args, cfg.i18n.class.collapse) end return p dqe3p6l293j6ldrj3b5n5gg76puqau7 828 10987 84053 2022-05-19T06:05:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sidebar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-risk|155000+}} {{module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Sidebar/configuration|Module:Navbar|Module:No globals|Module:Arguments}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Sidebar/styles.css}} This module implements the templates {{tl|sidebar}} and {{tl|sidebar with collapsible lists}}. See the individual template pages for documentation. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Sidebar meta-templates| ]] }}</includeonly> nlbpqdtqg27kern79whrrpfmssy7b9g 828 10988 84054 2022-05-19T06:05:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Labelled list hatnote Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Labelled list -- -- -- -- This module does the core work of creating a hatnote composed of a list -- -- prefixed by a colon-terminated label, i.e. "LABEL: [andList of pages]", -- -- for {{see also}} and similar templates. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --initialize lazily local p = {} -- Defaults global to this module local defaults = { label = 'See also', --Final fallback for label argument labelForm = '%s: %s', prefixes = {'label', 'label ', 'l'}, template = 'Module:Labelled list hatnote' } -- Helper function that pre-combines display parameters into page arguments. -- Also compresses sparse arrays, as a desirable side-effect. function p.preprocessDisplays (args, prefixes) -- Prefixes specify which parameters, in order, to check for display options -- They each have numbers auto-appended, e.g. 'label1', 'label 1', & 'l1' prefixes = prefixes or defaults.prefixes local pages = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then local display for i = 1, #prefixes do display = args[prefixes[i] .. k] if display then break end end local page = display and string.format('%s|%s', string.gsub(v, '|.*$', ''), display) or v pages[#pages + 1] = page end end return pages end -- Produces a labelled pages-list hatnote. -- The main frame (template definition) takes 1 or 2 arguments, for a singular -- and (optionally) plural label respectively: -- * {{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Singular label|Plural label}} -- The resulting template takes pagename & label parameters normally. function p.labelledList (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local labels = {frame.args[1] or defaults.label} labels[2] = frame.args[2] or labels[1] labels[3] = frame.args[3] --no defaulting labels[4] = frame.args[4] --no defaulting local template = frame:getParent():getTitle() local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) local pages = p.preprocessDisplays(args) local options = { extraclasses = frame.args.extraclasses, category = args.category, selfref = frame.args.selfref or args.selfref, template = template } return p._labelledList(pages, labels, options) end function p._labelledList (pages, labels, options) labels = labels or {} if #pages == 0 then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no page names specified', (options.template or defaults.template) .. '#Errors', options.category ) end label = (#pages == 1 and labels[1] or labels[2]) or defaults.label for k, v in pairs(pages) do if mHatnote.findNamespaceId(v) ~= 0 then label = ( #pages == 1 and (labels[3] or labels[1] or defaults.label) or (labels[4] or labels[2] or defaults.label) ) or defaults.label end end local text = string.format( options.labelForm or defaults.labelForm, label, mHatlist.andList(pages, true) ) local hnOptions = { extraclasses = options.extraclasses, selfref = options.selfref } return mHatnote._hatnote(text, hnOptions) end return p gmyaze91tsubcwbm68kkjbso8cjz2g4 828 10989 84055 2022-05-19T06:06:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Labelled list hatnote/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} {{Lua|Module:Hatnote|Module:Hatnote list|Module:Arguments}} This module provides a handful of functions that make it easy to implement hatnotes that take the form of a label in front of a list of pages, e.g. {{hatnote|LABEL: [[A]], [[B]], and [[C]]}} == Usage == ===labelledList=== Invoking the <code>labelledList()</code> function is enough to implement most such templates: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Universal label}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Singular label|Plural label}}</nowiki></code> For example, providing "See also" instead of "Universal label" duplicates the functionality of {{tl|see also}}, while providing "Main article" and "Main articles" instead of "Singular label" and "Plural label" duplicates the (article namespace) functionality of {{tl|main}}. If third and fourth labels are provided, they'll be used in the case where any of the target pages are outside the article namespace, so e.g. {{tl|main}} can be implemented thus: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}</nowiki></code> ===preprocessDisplays=== The <code>preprocessDisplays()</code> function takes a raw list of arguments and combines in any display arguments. For example, {{tlx|see also|1|<nowiki>l1=One</nowiki>}} initially has the arguments table <code><nowiki>{'1', ['l1'] = 'One'}</nowiki></code>; this table would combine those into the table <code><nowiki>{'1|One'}</nowiki></code>. It overrides manual piping (e.g. {{tlx|see also|<nowiki>1{{!}}2</nowiki>|<nowiki>l1=One</nowiki>}} → <code><nowiki>{'1|One'}</nowiki></code>) and compresses sparse arrays if a parameter is skipped or left empty. Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mLabelledList = require('Module:Labelled list hatnote') local pages = mLabelledList.preprocessDisplays(args) </syntaxhighlight> ===_labelledList=== For modules that need to modify the functionality slightly while still using it, <code>_labelledList()</code> provides some flexibility. It takes three parameters: # A pages list, preferably preprocessed and compressed by <code>preprocessDisplays</code> # A labels table, where the first item is the singular or universal label, and the second either a plural label or a copy of the first. # An options table, preferably containing: #* a <code>template</code> string with the full title of the template. Defaults to the title of this module. #* a <code>category</code> string (or nil) as taken by <code>makeWikitextError</code> from [[Module:Hatnote]], to optionally disable error categories #* a <code>selfref</code> string (or nil) as taken by <code>_hatnote</code> to enable the selfref option Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mLabelledList = require('Module:Labelled list hatnote') return mLabelledList._labelledList(pages, labels, options) </syntaxhighlight> ==Errors== This module causes templates based on it to produce an error message if no page names are provided as template parameters. Normally, these should lead back to "Errors" sections in the documentation of those templates. However, if those templates use a module with <code>_labelledList()</code> and don't provide a <code>template</code> item in their options table, that error defaults to leading back here. The error can be solved by providing at least one valid page-name parameter to the template in question; the problem in the template can be fixed by providing some value to the <code>template</code> item of the <code>_labelledList()</code> <code>options</code> table. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules| ]] }}</includeonly> 2s6a4a3szoalzk1xqlf53gnwssaq3vp 10 10990 84056 2022-05-19T06:06:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template display wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Message box|ombox|type=notice |image={{#switch:{{{1}}}|adaptive=[[File:Different devices simple.svg|65x65px|link=|alt=]]|nomobile=[[File:Handheld devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]|nodesktop=[[File:Desktop devices no.svg|55px|link=|alt=]]}} |text={{#switch:{{{1}}} | adaptive = This template is [[Adaptive web design|responsive]] and <strong>displays differently in mobile and desktop view</strong>. Read the documentation for an explanation of the differences and why they exist. | nomobile = This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>desktop only</strong>. Read the documentation for an explanation. | nodesktop = This template does not display in the desktop view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>mobile only</strong>. Read the documentation for an explanation. | nomobilesidebar = This template does not display in the mobile view of Wikipedia; it is <strong>desktop only</strong>. Read the [[Template:Sidebar/doc|parent documentation]] for an explanation. | #default = {{{1}}} }}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> i0r84n2lb20yqrmgd4yze5lfzkicqb4 10 10991 84057 2022-05-19T06:06:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template display/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Template rating|beta}} The desktop and mobile browsing interfaces on Wikipedia differ substantially, and sometimes different templates are more or less suitable for a specific interface. For this reason certain templates do not display in mobile view, using the <code>class = "nomobile"</code> :'''As of March 2017, only the <code>"nomobile"</code>-class is implemented, and <code>"nodesktop"</code> / <code>"mobileonly"</code> classes do nothing because they are not enabled in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Mobile.css]]''' — this means only the {{tlx|Template display|nomobile}} or {{tlx|Template display|desktoponly}} have any use. This template does not itself control where content is displayed. It is only intended for template documentation to say where another template displays. == Usage == === Adaptive templates === {{Template display|adaptive}} <pre>{{Template display|adaptive}}</pre> === Desktop only templates === {{Template display|nomobile}} <pre>{{Template display|nomobile}}</pre> <!--<pre>{{Template display|desktoponly}}</pre>--> === Mobile only templates === {{Template display|nodesktop}} <pre>{{Template display|nodesktop}}</pre> <!-- <pre>{{Template display|mobileonly}}</pre> --> ==Images used== * [[File:Different devices simple.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Different devices simple.svg]] * [[File:Handheld devices no.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Handheld devices no.svg]] * [[File:Desktop devices no.svg|x22px|link=|alt=]] [[:File:Desktop devices no.svg]] ==See also== * <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 1hl1k3uuek8az3w2lhy2o4esu47zkfz 10 10992 84058 2022-05-19T06:07:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template rating wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template other|{{ombox | type = notice | image = {{#switch: {{{1|<noinclude>g</noinclude>}}} | pre-alpha | prealpha | pa = [[File:Ambox warning blue construction.svg|40x40px|link=]] | alpha | a = [[File:Alpha lowercase.svg|26x26px|link=]] | beta | b = [[File:Greek lc beta.svg|40x40px|link=]] | release | r | general | g = [[File:Green check.svg|40x40px|link=]] | protected | protect | p = [[File:{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}|autoconfirmed=Semi-protection-shackle|accountcreator|templateeditor=Template-protection-shackle|Padlock}}.svg|40x40px|link=]] }} | style = | textstyle = | text = {{#switch: {{{1|<noinclude>g</noinclude>}}} | pre-alpha | prealpha | pa = This template is rated as [[:Category:Templates in pre-alpha development|pre-alpha]]. It is unfinished, and may or may not be in active development. It should not be used from article namespace pages. Templates remain pre-alpha until the original editor (or someone who takes one over if it is abandoned for some time) is satisfied with the basic structure.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Templates in pre-alpha development|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | alpha | a = This template is rated as [[:Category:Templates in alpha|alpha]]. It is ready for third party input, and may be used on a few pages to see if problems arise, but should be watched. Suggestions for new features or changes in their input and output mechanisms are welcome.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Templates in alpha|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | beta | b = This template is rated as [[:Category:Templates in beta|beta]], and is ready for widespread use. It is still new and should be used with some caution to ensure the results are as expected.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Templates in beta|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | release | r | general | g = This template is rated as ready for general use. It has reached a mature form and is thought to be bug-free and ready for use wherever appropriate. It is ready to mention on help pages and other Wikipedia resources as an option for new users to learn. To reduce server load and bad output, it should be improved by [[WP:TESTCASES|sandbox testing]] rather than repeated trial-and-error editing.<!-- Category deleted per [[Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2021_October_17#Category%3ATemplates_for_general_use]] --> | protected | protect | p = This template is [[:Category:Wikipedia template-protected templates|subject to page protection]]. It is a [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|highly visible template]] in use by a very large number of pages, or is [[WP:SUBST|substituted]] very frequently. Because vandalism or mistakes would affect many pages, and even trivial editing might cause substantial load on the servers, it is [[WP:PROTECT|protected]] from editing.<!-- -->{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=<!-- No category for /doc or /sandbox subpages --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- No category if user sets nocat=true --> | [[Category:Wikipedia template-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }} }} | #default = {{error|Template rating is invalid or not specified.}} }} }}|{{error|Error: {{tl|Template rating}} must be placed in the Template namespace.}}|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>template</noinclude>}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> </noinclude> d5bq504nepxbdcffniq16otm1ajwk8g 10 10993 84059 2022-05-19T06:07:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template rating/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == <pre>{{Template rating |1= |nocat= }}</pre> This template marks the status of a template as one of five levels: * {{tlx|Template rating|pre-alpha}} * {{tlx|Template rating|alpha}} * {{tlx|Template rating|beta}} * {{tlx|Template rating|release}} * {{tlx|Template rating|protected}} All parameter values are case-sensitive. * <code>prealpha</code> and <code>pa</code> are aliases for <code>pre-alpha</code>. * <code>a</code> is an alias for <code>alpha</code>. * <code>b</code> is an alias for <code>beta</code>. * <code>r</code>, <code>general</code> and <code>g</code> are aliases for <code>release</code>. * <code>protect</code> and <code>p</code> are aliases for <code>protected</code>. It also adds the template to one of five categories (unless the parameter <code>nocat</code> is set to <code>true</code>): * {{clc|Templates in pre-alpha development}} * {{clc|Templates in alpha}} * {{clc|Templates in beta}} * {{clc|Wikipedia template-protected templates}} == TemplateData== <templatedata> { "description": "Used to mark the status of a template as one of pre-alpha, alpha, beta, release, or protected", "params": { "1": { "label": "Rating", "description": "The rating level of the template", "type": "string", "required": true }, "nocat": { "label": "Nocat", "description": "Suppress categories", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Template namespace templates|Rating]] }}</includeonly> 9sqxvct82qp22ve4whki9bioelqzvgn 10 10994 84060 2022-05-19T06:08:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TemplateDataHeader wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="templatedata-header">{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|<!-- noheader: -->{{Template parameter usage|based=y}}|<!-- +header: -->This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|<!-- +header, nolink TD -->TemplateData|<!-- +header, +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT: -->[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}<!-- e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT: --> for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|based=y}}<!-- e.o. #if:noheader -->}} '''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}''' </div><includeonly><!-- check parameters -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |template=Template:TemplateData header |1 |nolink |noheader |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].</div> }}<!-- -->{{template other|{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]] }}}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> pxhfjcmyklg4yst97in9mz897nxe198 10 10995 84061 2022-05-19T06:08:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TemplateDataHeader/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} The {{tlx|TemplateData header}} template inserts a brief header for the template data section, and adds the page to [[:Category:Templates using TemplateData]]. == Usage == <pre style="overflow:auto;"> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ ... }</templatedata> Note: Section headers of ==Parameters== or ==Usage== may also be used. </pre> Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|Template name}}</nowiki></code> to display a name for the template other than the default, which is [[Help:Magic_words#Variables|<nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}</nowiki>]]. Do ''not'' add namespace <code>Template:</code> :{| |{{TemplateData header|Template name}} |} Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}}</nowiki></code> to omit the [[Help:Link#Wikilinks|wikilink]] from the word "TemplateData" in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template. :{| |{{TemplateData header|nolink=1}} |} Use <code><nowiki>{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}}</nowiki></code> to omit the first sentence of the header text. :{| |{{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} |} ==Example== :Using a collapse box for {{elc|Template:User}}: {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki> {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} {{TemplateData header|User}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is used to create a link to a user's user page (unless using {{Useranon}}), talk page, and contributions, and generates a special notification (aka 'ping').", "params": { "1": { "label": "User name", "type": "string", "required": true, "description": "The user name that you want to create links to and notify.", "aliases":["user"] }, "project": { "label": "Sister project", "type": "string", "description": "Used to link to a sister project instead of the English Wikipedia. Use the standard interwiki prefix." }, "lang": { "label": "Other language project", "type": "string", "description": "Used to link to another language project. If used with the \"sister project\" parameter, links to another language of a sister project. Otherwise links to another language Wikipedia. Use the standard language code." }, "separator": { "label": "Separator", "description": "Used to change the separator between the links. If unused, defaults to a dot." } } } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}}</nowiki>}} ==Parameters== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Inserts a brief header for the template data section. Adds the page to [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]]", "params": { "1": { "label": "Template name", "description": "Used to display a name for the template other than the default, which is {{BASEPAGENAME}}.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "nolink": { "label": "No link", "description": "Assigning any value to this parameter will omit cause the template to omit the wikilink from the word \"TemplateData\" in the header text, for instances where it is already linked outside this template.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "noheader": { "label": "No header", "description": "Assigning any value to this parameter will cause the template to omit the first sentence of the header text.", "type": "string", "required": false } } }</templatedata> ==Tracking category== * {{clc|Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters}} ==See also== * {{clc|Category:Templates using TemplateData}} * {{tl|Crude TemplateData}} * {{tl|Template parameter usage}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Templatedata Header}} [[Category:TemplateData|Header]] [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> m9w5v940f41020tkhqs2pbl3wx7n9np 10 10996 84062 2022-05-19T06:09:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox suite wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:sidebar|sidebar | width = auto | bodystyle = border-spacing:0;background:#f7f7f7;padding:2px; | title = Navbox suite | titlestyle = padding: 0.2em 0.8em; font-size: 145%; line-height: 1.2em; background-color: #ccf; | contentclass = plainlist | contentstyle = padding:0.25em;background:#fdfdfd; | content1 = *{{tl|Navbox}} *{{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}} *{{tl|Navbox with columns}} *{{tl|Navboxes}} | navbarstyle = background:#fdfdfd;padding:0 5px }}<!-- NOTE: A template MUST support all of the parameters marked with a cross in Template:Navbox/doc in order to be Navbox suite compliant. In particular, the name, state, border, and navbar parameters are especially important. --><noinclude> {{Documentation|content= Helper template for linking between main navbox templates in their documentation. [[Category:Wikipedia-internal sidebar templates]] [[Category:Navigational boxes|Δ]]<!-- Δ for documentation ([[WP:SORTKEY]]) --> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }} </noinclude> q2u0aptiq4ctbt1lm3wqxw8cvzv3j1y 828 10997 84063 2022-05-19T06:10:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sidebar/configuration Scribunto text/plain return { i18n = { child_yes = 'yes', float_none = 'none', float_left = 'left', wrap_true = 'true', navbar_none = 'none', navbar_off = 'off', default_list_title = 'List', title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar', collapse_title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists', templatestyles = 'Module:Sidebar/styles.css', category = { child = '[[Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter]]', conversion = '[[Category:Sidebars with styles needing conversion]]' }, pattern = { collapse_sandbox = '/sandbox$', sandbox = '/sandbox$', subgroup = 'sidebar%-subgroup', style_conversion = 'style$', uncategorized_conversion_titles = { '/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[Dd]oc$' } }, class = { sidebar = 'sidebar', subgroup = 'sidebar-subgroup', collapse = 'sidebar-collapse', float_none = 'sidebar-none', float_left = 'sidebar-left', wraplinks = 'nowraplinks', outer_title = 'sidebar-outer-title', top_image = 'sidebar-top-image', top_caption = 'sidebar-top-caption', pretitle = 'sidebar-pretitle', pretitle_with_top_image = 'sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image', title = 'sidebar-title', title_with_pretitle = 'sidebar-title-with-pretitle', image = 'sidebar-image', caption = 'sidebar-caption', above = 'sidebar-above', heading = 'sidebar-heading', content = 'sidebar-content', content_with_subgroup = 'sidebar-content-with-subgroup', below = 'sidebar-below', navbar = 'sidebar-navbar', list = 'sidebar-list', list_title = 'sidebar-list-title', list_title_centered = 'sidebar-list-title-c', list_content = 'sidebar-list-content' } } } 0rujaua8lftdvsbwq4988fo6iw6xlak 10 10998 84064 2022-05-19T06:10:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox visibility wikitext text/x-wiki Templates using the classes <code>class=navbox</code> ({{tl|navbox}}) or <code>class=nomobile</code> ({{tl|sidebar}}) are not displayed on the [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/ mobile web site] of English Wikipedia. Mobile page views account for approximately 63% of all page views (90-day average {{as of|March 2022|lc=y}}).<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3wkklzztnu7w9weowdo8d0edowg1h30 10 10999 84065 2022-05-19T06:11:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox visibility/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Usage == Place this template on templates that directly or indirectly use the <code>navbox</code> attribute, so that editors will know that many readers will not be able to see the template. == Update == See https://analytics.wikimedia.org/dashboards/vital-signs/#projects=enwiki/metrics=Pageviews if you want to update the numbers (try smoothing the curve by averaging over the last 90 days). Numbers can also be updated from pageviews. To update the number, get the (total) value in [https://pageviews.toolforge.org/siteviews/?platform=all-access&source=pageviews&agent=user&range=latest-90&sites=en.wikipedia.org PageViews] on the right (should be in the realm of 20 billion). Then set the Platform on the left for Mobile web (click "Break down by Site"). Get the total. Do the same for Mobile app. Then do the basic addition/division. Some ad blockers (uBlock origin particularly) will catch the words 'pageview' and 'piwik' in resources loaded to display the graphs. Disable the adblocker for the website in question. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Notice and warning templates]] [[Category:Navigational meta-templates]] }}</includeonly> h85wumz6pqcjzzbf4pg17a51s89xsgm 10 11000 84066 2022-05-19T06:11:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navigation templates wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" |+ Navigation templates comparison {{Navbar|Navigation templates|plain=1|brackets=y}} |- ! Template ! Collapsible !! Header color ! Image !! Groups !! Style (body) <br /> parameter/s |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{tl|Navbox}} | collapsible || style="background: #ccf;" | navbox | Left/right of body || Yes || Yes |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}} | collapsible || style="background: #ccf;" | navbox | Left/right of body and/or in each list || Yes || Yes |- | style="text-align: left;" | {{tl|Navbox with columns}} | collapsible || style="background: #ccf;" | navbox | Left/right of columns || No || Yes |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" |+ Collapsible attributes |- ! Type !! CSS classes !! JavaScript !! Collapses when !! Custom <br /> initial&nbsp;state !! Nesting |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Help:Collapsing|Collapsible tables]] | mw-collapsible | Defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.js|Common.js]] | 2 or more autocollapse on page || Yes || Yes |}<noinclude> [[Category:Navigational boxes|Δ]] [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] {{convert to use Navbox}}</noinclude> is13g38kecc01kahkpjkfpaanvqvwxc 10 11001 84067 2022-05-19T06:12:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Convert to use Navbox wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Convert template|Navbox}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:10}}|{{When on basepage|[[Category:Templates to be standardized/Navbox]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> mkewpzjgc36orqtlzo6c3z10pmbx6do 10 11002 84068 2022-05-19T06:12:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Convert to use Navbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> == Usage == This template is a suitable candidate for conversion to use {{tl|navbox}} Templates marked with {{tl|Convert to use navbox}} are automatically placed in [[:Category:Templates to be standardized/Navbox]]. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Cleanup templates]] [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> d5g7qx2a8d3ysh4o0m77r3frys10zmt 10 11003 84069 2022-05-19T06:13:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Convert template wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = move | text = This template should be converted to a standardized format using [[Template:{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}]]. <small>([[{{{discuss|{{{2|template talk:{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}}|Talk]] • [[:{{#ifexist:Category:Templates to be standardized/{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}|Category:Templates to be standardized/{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}|Category:Templates to be standardized}}|Category]])</small>}}<includeonly>{{sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|[[{{#ifexist:Category:Templates to be standardized/{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}|Category:Templates to be standardized/{{{template|{{{1}}}}}}|Category:Templates to be standardized}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 911704d84lqfzypv5kvcp1qaytyhu7i 10 11004 84070 2022-05-19T06:14:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Convert template/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Distinguish|Template:Convert}} === Usage === Used to mark a template for conversion into a standardized template format. place inside 'noinclude' tags on the template page to prevent the message from being transcluded into article space: *{{tlc|convert template|target_template}} ====Parameters==== *template = the standardized template that the template should be converted to *discuss = a link to the discussion page for the conversion (defaults to the talk page of the standardized template). This template adds any templates it is transcluded into to [[:Category:Templates to be standardized]] by default, or to a Category:Templates to be standardized/{{{template}}} subpage if that category page has been created. Please create these category subpages as needed, and make sure that the subpages contain <nowiki>[[Category:Templates to be standardized]]</nowiki> to keep the category hierarchy intact. <!-- === See also === --> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Cleanup templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Template namespace templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ggffwbgdkhisqdik27awaa7dirf70dy 10 11005 84071 2022-05-19T06:16:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:When on basepage wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "page" parameter then detect basepage/subpage/subsubpage--> {{#if:{{{page|}}} | {{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{page}}}|0|3}} | subsubpage <!--Subsubpage or lower--> | {{#if:{{#titleparts:{{{page}}}|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} | {{#if:{{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|0|3}} | subsubpage <!--Subsubpage or lower--> | {{#if:{{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|0|2}} | subpage | basepage }} }} }} | basepage = {{{1|}}} | subpage = {{{2|}}} | subsubpage = {{{3| {{{2|}}} }}} <!--Respecting empty parameter on purpose--> }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> o7r5t2v8ni781nvx47cen0sam91sxxc 10 11006 84072 2022-05-19T06:16:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:When on basepage/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> This is the {{tl|When on basepage}} meta-template. It helps other templates detect if they are on a '''basepage''' (i.e. a page whose name matches the pattern "''x'':''x''") '''subpage''' ("''x'':''x''/''x''") or '''subsubpage''' ("''x'':''x''/''x''/''x''"). An alternative way to detect whether a page is a subpage is to combine the parser functions <code>#ifeq:</code> and <code>#titleparts</code>. See [[#Alternatives for simpler text|Alternatives for simpler text]] below. == Usage == : {{tlx|When on basepage&#32;|''result if on a basepage''&#32;(|''result if on a subpage'')&#32;(|''result if on a subsubpage'')&#32;(|page{{=}}''pagename'')}} For example, {{tlf|When on basepage |Basepage |Subpage}} on the page "User:Example" would return: {{When on basepage|Basepage|Subpage|page=User:Example}}<br/>whilst on "User:Example/page" (or "User:Example/page/page", "User:Example/page/page/page", etc.) it would return: {{When on basepage|Basepage|Subpage|page=User:Example/page}} On a subsubpage such as "User:Example/page/page" (or "User:Example/page/page/page", etc.), {{nowrap|{{tlf|When on basepage |Basepage |Subpage |Subsubpage}}}} would return: {{When on basepage |Basepage |Subpage |Subsubpage |page=User:Example/page/page}} Use an empty parameter to specify no action for a particular type of page. {{nowrap|{{tlf|When on basepage |Basepage | |Subsubpage}}}} on "User:Example/page", for example, would return nothing, but would return "Subsubpage" if on "User:Example/page/page", "User:Example/page/page/page", etc. (and "Basepage" if on "User:Example"). ===Handling equals-signs ("=")=== Use numbered parameters if their values include equals-signs ("="), i.e. : {{tlf|When on basepage&#32;|1{{=}}''basepage result'' (|2{{=}}''subpage result'') (|3{{=}}''subsubpage result'')}} ===''page'' parameter=== The ''page'' parameter is included for testing/demonstration. For example: : {{tlf|When on basepage&#32;|(basepage result) |(subpage result) |page{{=}}User:Example/test}} Regardless of where the above is placed, it will return: {{When on basepage|(basepage result)|(subpage result)|page=User:Example/test}}<br/>(because "User:Example/test" is a subpage). The page doesn't have to exist. If ''page'' is left empty ({{para|page}}) or undefined, the page where the template is transcluded (i.e. {{tld|PAGENAME}}) is used. ''page'' also accepts variables, e.g. {{nowrap|{{tlf|When on basepage |(basepage result) |(subpage result) |page<nowiki>={{{page|}}}</nowiki>&nbsp;}}}} == Technical note == This template detects subpages in all namespaces, including those without the [[meta:Link#Subpage feature|MediaWiki subpage feature]] enabled. == Alternatives for simpler text == A subpage can be detected without using another template, by instead using the title-splitting parser function <code>#titleparts</code> with <code>#ifeq</code>: <pre> {{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|1}}|{{PAGENAME}} | [...code if on a basepage...] | [...code if on a subpage...] }} </pre> For example, many templates can check if the page is a /sandbox version, by the similar markup with <code>#ifeq</code> and <code>#titleparts</code>: : <nowiki>{{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1|1}} | {{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> :: <nowiki> | {{documentation}}</nowiki> :: <nowiki> | {{template sandbox notice}}</nowiki> : <nowiki>}}</nowiki> That simple logic works because [[Template:Template sandbox notice]] also checks the page name for "/sandbox" before displaying the sandbox notice; otherwise, any other subpage would show no extra text. By avoiding a template, and using a single <code>#ifeq</code>, then the processing uses only +2 expansion depth levels, rather than +7 levels, and avoids "[[wp:exceeded template limits]]" inside a complex /doc page. == See also == * {{tlx|Ns has subpages}} {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Pagename manipulation templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] }}</includeonly> hl40gf4h03l17a5thbl5a2vi7zthdou 10 11007 84073 2022-05-19T06:17:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:As of wikitext text/x-wiki <!--{{As of}} begin--><includeonly><!-- ## param 1 is the year ## optional param 2 is the month ## optional param 3 is the day of the month ## optional named parameter alt=[text] is alternative display text (may include wiki markup) ## optional named parameter df=US produces American date format in displayed text ## optional named parameter lc=on gives lower-case-first output ## optional named parameter url=[URL] gives statement reference ## displayed text ([A/a]s of [Start date] by default) -->{{#if: {{{alt|}}} | {{{alt}}} | {{#if:{{{bare|}}}||{{#if:{{{since|}}}|{{#ifeq: {{{lc}}} | {{{lc|}}} | s | S }}ince | {{#ifeq: {{{lc}}} | {{{lc|}}} | a | A }}s of}}}} {{#if:{{{pre|}}}|{{{pre}}}&#32;}}{{#if: {{{3|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{df|}}}}}|us|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;{{#expr:{{{3}}}}},&#32;|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}}&nbsp;{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;}}{{{1}}}|{{#if: {{{2|}}} |{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&nbsp;}}{{{1}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{post|}}}|<nowiki />{{{post}}}}}<!-- #### That nowiki is required or, various characters (:, ;, #, and *} will be parsed as wikisyntax for list items. ## ref/update inline banner (hidden by default) --><sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag {{#if:{{{url|}}}|ref|update}}" style="display:none;">[{{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{{url}}} &#91;ref&#93;|{{fullurl:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} &#91;update&#93;}}]</sup><!-- ## categorisation disabled outside main namespace -->{{DMCA|Articles containing potentially dated statements|from|<!-- ## temporal category for template (word method) -->{{#if: {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}} = 1 }} | {{#ifexpr: {{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}} > 2004 | {{{1}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}} > 1989 | {{#time:Y|{{{1}}}}} | before 1990 }}}} | <!-- ## temporal category for template (parameter method) -->{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}} > 2004 | {{#if:{{{2|}}} | {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} }} {{{1}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{{1}}} > 1989 | {{{1}}} | before 1990 }}}}}}|<!-- ## global category for template -->All articles containing potentially dated statements}}</includeonly><!--{{As of}} end--><noinclude><!-- ## dynamic example (as of today, self ref) -->{{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}<sup class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:As_of &#91;ref&#93;]</sup> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and inter-wikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using as of template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:As of]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | alt | bare | df | lc | post | pre | since | url }} cnpwltrclotn4cesuixdpuayqfxpyl9 10 11008 84074 2022-05-19T06:18:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:As of/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|text=[[Template:As of?]]}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{high-use| 60702 }} ==Usage== The template {{tl|As of}} is used to mark potentially dated statements, and will add an article to the appropriate [[WP:HIDDENCAT|hidden]] sub-category of [[:Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements]]. This allows editors to catalogue statements that may become outdated over time. The date used for a given statement should be the date of the most recent [[WP:RS|reliable source]] (for currently valid statements), or the date on which the cited reference was produced (for example, when using census data). It should not be used for future dates (use {{tl|update after}} instead). This template should '''not''' be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]]. '''Notes:''' * '''This template MUST NOT be used in infoboxes that emit a microformat, as its emitted date markup will conflict with that. ''' * '''This template is not necessary within quotations, and use of the template in such cases should be avoided.''' This template does not generate a visible hyperlink in text where it is used. ===Usage guidelines=== {{main|Wikipedia:As of}} {{#section-h:Wikipedia:As of|Usage guidelines}} Using this template with values such as {{tlx|As of|now}} or variables such as {{tlx|As of|<nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>}} is a [[MOS:RELTIME|relative time reference]] and the equivalent to using "currently", which is generally against the [[Wikipedia:As of#Precise language|precise language]] guideline. ==Syntax== The template can be used in the following forms, with numeric date information: :<code><nowiki>{{As of|</nowiki>{{var|year}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>{{As of|</nowiki>{{var|year}}{{!}}{{var|month}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>{{As of|</nowiki>{{var|year}}{{!}}{{var|month}}{{!}}{{var|day}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> Leading zeroes are optional. Please do not use <!--Except in examples, as here!--> <code><nowiki>{{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}</nowiki></code> or similar; that defeats the purpose of the template. Several additional named parameters can also be used, including some non-numeric input (see below). ===Parameters=== ====Required==== * '''year''' (first parameter) – must be in full numerical four-digit format ({{var|yyyy}}) ====Optional==== * '''month''' (second parameter) – full, abbreviated, or two-digit numerical formats supported (<code>01</code> indicating January, <code>02</code> February, etc., but also accepting <code>Jan</code> and <code>January</code>) * '''day''' (third parameter) – numerical two- or one-digit format only ({{var|dd}} or {{var|d}}) ====Named==== * '''alt''' – optional; allows substitution of different wording and case for the visible text output (including the date). If present with no value defined, this parameter is ignored; if a value is defined, values for <code>|df</code> and <code>|lc</code> and <code>|since</code> parameters are ignored. * '''df''' – "date format", optional; allows use of American date format with {{para|df|US}}. This only has an effect when the full <code>{{!}}{{var|year}}{{!}}{{var|month}}{{!}}{{var|day}}</code> format is also used. * '''lc''' – "lower case", optional; if given any value at all (e.g. {{para|lc|y}}) gives lower case "as of {{var|date}}", for use mid-sentence. * '''since''' – optional; if given any value at all (e.g. {{para|since|y}}) it changes "As of" to "Since". Use of {{para|lc|y}} with {{para|since|y}} gives "since {{var|date}}. Use of {{para|alt}} will replace the entire output, including the "Since", as it will with the default "As of". * '''bare''' – Set to yes to display only the date with no accompanying text. * '''pre''' – text to insert before the date, and after "[A|a]s of" or "[S|s]ince", e.g. {{para|pre|the first week of}} used like this: <code><nowiki>{{as of|1997|pre=the first week of}}</nowiki></code> produces "{{as of|1997|pre=the first week of}}". * '''post''' &ndash; text (almost always punctuation) to insert between the date and the superscripted note that is displayed if the user has "<code>.asof-tag { display: inline !important; }</code>," "<code>.asof-tag.ref { display: inline !important; }</code>" or "<code>.asof-tag.ref { display: inline !important; }</code>" added to their [[Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css|common.css]] page {{crossref|(see {{section link|Wikipedia:As of#Article maintenance}})}}. ** For these users, **:: <code>{{tnl|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|post{{=}},}} no more bears were found</code> **: gives **:: <!--This example is hand-constructed on purpose!-->"As of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}},<sup>&#91;update&#93;</sup> no more bears were found" **: (comma before the superscripted note) ** while **:: <code>{{tnl|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}}, no more bears were found</code> **: produces the undesirable result (contrary to [[WP:REFPUNC]]) with regard to the location of the comma: **:: <!--This example is hand-constructed on purpose!-->"As of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<sup>&#91;update&#93;</sup>, no more bears were found" :Note: the <sup>&#91;update&#93;</sup> tag is a tag that shows when '''url''' is not specified and the user has "<code><nowiki>.asof-tag { display: inline !important; }</nowiki></code>" or "<code><nowiki>.asof-tag.update { display: inline !important; }</nowiki></code>" added to their common.css page. It contains a link to edit the page. * '''url''' – optional; adds an inline external link (hidden by default) suggesting a webpage for future editors to check for updates to the statement; use the full URL with no spaces. ::Note: This will only show if the user has "<code><nowiki>.asof-tag { display: inline !important; }</nowiki></code>" or "<code><nowiki>.asof-tag.ref { display: inline !important; }</nowiki></code>" added to their common.css page. It will show as a hyperlinked <sup>&#91;ref&#93;</sup> tag after the template. See [[Wikipedia:As of#Article maintenance]]. ===Examples=== <!-- NOTE: DO NOT copy and paste this code to use the template. Copy and paste what it renders for today's date. --> :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|df{{=}}US}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|df=US}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|lc{{=}}y}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|lc=y}} <!-- As this next example is referring to the census date, doesn't make sense to use current date --> :{{tlc|As of|2010|4|1|alt{{=}}as of the &#91;&#91;2010 United States Census&#93;&#93;}} – {{As of|2010|4|1|alt=as of the [[2010 United States Census]]}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|url{{=}}<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/</nowiki>}} returns: :: ''for logged in users, with links displayed (see [[Wikipedia:As of#Article maintenance|Wikipedia:As of]])'' – As of {{MONTHNAME|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}{{space}}{{CURRENTYEAR}}<sup class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/ &#91;ref&#93;]</sup> :: ''for all other users'' – As of {{MONTHNAME|{{CURRENTMONTH}}}}{{space}}{{CURRENTYEAR}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|df{{=}}US|since{{=}}y}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|df=US|since=y}} :{{tlc|As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|lc{{=}}y|since{{=}}y}} – {{As of|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|{{CURRENTMONTH}}|{{CURRENTDAY}}|lc=y|since=y}} ===Maintenance categories=== * {{clc|Pages using as of template with unknown parameters}} ===TemplateData=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Use this template to mark potentially dated statements. It will add the article to a corresponding monthly or yearly hidden subcategory of Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements. This allows editors to catalogue statements that may become dated over time. It should not be used for statements mentioning future dates (use {{Update after}} instead).", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Year", "description": "The year the statement is valid to (in full; yyyy)", "type": "number", "example": "2013", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Month", "description": "The month the statement is valid to. Full (January, january), abbreviated (Jan, jan) or numerical formats (01, 1) are supported. \"01\" provides the most consistency in wikitext, but all will be converted to \"January\" in articles and for categories.", "type": "line", "example": "January, january, Jan, jan, 01, 1", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Day", "description": "The day the statement is valid to, in numerical format (01 or 1; both will be converted to 1). This will show to users, but it will not be used to categorise the article.", "type": "number", "example": "22" }, "df": { "label": "Date format", "description": "If a day has been specified, enter \"US\" or \"us\" here to use the US date format (January 1, 2013). The default format is 1 January 2013.", "type": "line", "example": "US, us", "autovalue": "US" }, "lc": { "label": "Lowercase", "description": "Enter any text here to make the first letter of the template lowercase.", "type": "line", "example": "y", "autovalue": "y" }, "alt": { "label": "Alternative text", "description": "Text to replace the \"As of [date]\". This will override the display of the template, but the values under month and year will still be used to categorise the article. Wiki markup is allowed.", "type": "content", "example": "As of Christmas 2018" }, "since": { "label": "Since", "description": "Enter any text here to replace the text \"As of\" with \"Since\".", "type": "line", "example": "y", "autovalue": "y" }, "url": { "label": "URL", "description": "(Hidden by default) A URL containing future updates to the statement for other editors to check. This will only show if the user has \".asof-tag { display: inline !important; }\" or \".asof-tag.ref { display: inline !important; }\" added to their common.css page. It will show as a hyperlinked superscript \"[ref]\" tag after the template. Enter the full URL with no spaces.", "type": "url" }, "pre": { "label": "Pre-text", "description": "Text to be added before the date", "example": "the first week of", "type": "string" }, "post": { "label": "Post-text", "description": "Text to be added after the date, usually punctuation. Only necessary if the user wishes to ensure the punctuation/text is positioned before the superscript tags that are enabled by adding \".asof-tag.ref { display: inline !important; }\" to the commons.css page.", "example": ".", "type": "line" }, "bare": { "label": "Bare?", "description": "Set to yes to display only the date with no accompanying text.", "type": "boolean", "suggested": true } }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "3", "df", "lc", "alt", "since", "url", "pre", "post", "bare" ] } </templatedata> ==See also== * {{tl|Category as of}} * {{tl|date}} * {{tl|Show by date}} / {{tls|Show by}} * {{tl|Start date and age}} * {{tl|Update}} * {{tl|Update after}} * {{tl|Update inline}} * {{tl|When}} * [[Wikipedia:As of]] for details of dealing with statements that date quickly * [[Wikipedia:Avoid statements that will date quickly]] for guidelines on using precise language when dealing with information that may date quickly * [[:Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements]] and the accompanying {{tl|as of}} template <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Inline templates]] [[Category:Temporal templates]] [[Category:Time and date maintenance templates]] }}</includeonly> gi7nu6liijmxby6eda16px6y41eewl1 10 11009 84075 2022-05-19T06:18:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:DMCA wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dated maintenance category |onlyarticles=yes |1={{{1|}}} |2={{{2|}}} |3={{{3|}}} |4={{{4|}}} |5={{{5|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Dated maintenance category/doc}} </noinclude> cl1tba6o83bu6hpmnvwvbcse6qwofoo 10 11010 84076 2022-05-19T06:19:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dated maintenance category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{for|copyright investigations template|Template:Copyvio}} {{hatnote|Template:DMC redirects to [[Template:Dated maintenance category]].}} {{Distinguish|Template:Pp-office-dmca}} == Usage == * This template adds a category or dated category to a page. * It will add the page to an optional additional category. * If the dated category is invalid it will add the page to [[:Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]] == Syntax == * Parameter 1: Default category name (without <code>Category</code>) – the category if there is no date, but also the stem of the category name when there is a date.. * Parameter 2: Preposition (from, since, in, as of). * Parameter 3: Date (month year, e.g. {{#time:F Y}}. Usually the "date" parameter of the calling template <code><nowiki>{{{date|}}}</nowiki></code>. * Parameter 4: Category all the articles go in, dated or not (if there is one). * Parameter 5: Alternative default category, used when parameter 1 is right for forming the dated category, but the undated items need to go somewhere else. == Technical == The parameter ''onlyarticles'' ({{Tl|Dated maintenance category}} only) is used for template design, restricting the function of this template to article namespace (as in {{tl|DMCA}} ). == Examples == * <code><nowiki>{{DMCFACT|Wikipedia articles that are too technical|from|{{{date|}}}}}</nowiki></code> will categorise all ''files'', ''articles'', ''categories'' and ''templates'' in [[:Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from {{#time:F Y|-1 month}}]], if the date is set {{#time:F Y|-1 month}} e.g. If such a category does not exist, or the date was set incorrectly, this template will ''also'' add the article to [[:Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]. * <code><nowiki>{{DMCAT|Wikipedia articles that are too technical|from|{{{date|}}}}}</nowiki></code> will categorise all ''articles'' and ''article talk pages'' in [[:Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from {{#time:F Y|-1 month}}]], if the date is set {{#time:F Y|-1 month}} e.g. If such a category does not exist, or the date was set incorrectly, this template will ''also'' add the article to [[:Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]. * <code><nowiki>{{DMCA|Articles to be split|from|{{{date|}}}|All articles to be split}}</nowiki></code> will categorise all ''articles'' in [[:Category:Articles to be split from {{#time:F Y|-1 month}}]], if the date is set {{#time:F Y|-1 month}} e.g. If such a category does not exist, or the date was set incorrectly, this template will ''also'' add the article to [[:Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]. In either case the article will be added to [[:Category:All articles to be split]]. * <code><nowiki>{{DMCA|Dutch mathematicians}}</nowiki></code> is the straight category [[:Category:Dutch mathematicians]]. * <code><nowiki>{{TDMCA|type="Tolkien"|Articles to be split|from|{{{date|}}}|All articles to be split}}</nowiki></code> will categorise as in the above example but also in [[:Category:Tolkien articles to be split]] if it exists. If it doesn't the page will be added to the hidden [[:Category:Articles with tags with unsupported types]]. == Note == An incorrect date is any date which is not of the form {{#time:F Y}}, e.g. <code>{{#time:F d, Y}}</code>, or <code>june</code> instead of <code>June</code>, or other spelling mistakes. == Etymology == DMCA stands for "dated maintenance category – articles". Similar templates exist for certain other namespaces or combinations. DMCA is a metatemplate with highly circumscribed use, and not intended to be "editor facing". == Related templates == {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Dated maintenance category|* {{Tl|DMCA}}|{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|DMCA|* {{Tl|DMC}}|* {{Tl|DMCA}}<br />{{Tl|Dated maintenance category}}}}}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Time and date maintenance templates]] [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> sn9xmg0yepipw81i8x6zgx0tevr0wau 10 11011 84077 2022-05-19T06:19:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:MONTHNAME wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|1=January|2=February|3=March|4=April|5=May|6=June|7=July|8=August|9=September|10=October|11=November|12=December|Incorrect required parameter 1=''month''!}}|Missing required parameter 1=''month''!}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 4cf5sge5nt8b4gwjre9u8yifa3kstt2 10 11012 84078 2022-05-19T06:19:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:MONTHNAME/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|560,000+}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template returns the name of the month whose number is in parameter. Alternatively, the English month name or abbreviation (with any letter case) can be given. === Syntax === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|</nowiki></code>''month''<code>}}</code> * The ''month'' value is interpreted modulo 12 (extra leading zeroes and decimals are ignored). === Compatibility synonym === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>month name|</code>''month''<code>}}</code> === Examples for all standard month numbers === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|1}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|1}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|2}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|2}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|3}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|3}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|4}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|4}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|5}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|6}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|6}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|7}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|7}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|8}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|8}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|9}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|9}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|10}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|10}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|11}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|11}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|12}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|12}} === Examples for month numbers with extra leading zero === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|01}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|01}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|02}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|02}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|03}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|03}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|04}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|04}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|05}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|05}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|06}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|06}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|07}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|07}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|08}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|08}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|09}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|09}} === Examples for month number cyclic underflows and overflows, from computed values === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-12}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-12}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-11}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-11}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-10}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-10}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-9}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-9}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-3}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-3}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-2}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-2}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|-1}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|-1}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|0}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|0}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|13}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|13}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|14}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|14}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|15}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|15}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|16}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|16}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|23}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|23}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|24}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|24}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|25}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|25}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|1200}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|1200}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|1201}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|1201}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|1212}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|1212}} === Examples for all standard English month names === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|JANUARY}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|JANUARY}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|FEBRUARY}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|FEBRUARY}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|MARCH}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|MARCH}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|APRIL}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|APRIL}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|MAY}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|MAY}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|JUNE}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|JUNE}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|JULY}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|JULY}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|AUGUST}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|AUGUST}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|SEPTEMBER}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|SEPTEMBER}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|OCTOBER}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|OCTOBER}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|NOVEMBER}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|NOVEMBER}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|DECEMBER}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|DECEMBER}} === Examples for all abbreviated English month names === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|jan}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|jan}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|feb}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|feb}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|mar}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|mar}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|apr}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|apr}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|may}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|may}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|jun}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|jun}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|jul}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|jul}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|aug}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|aug}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|sep}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|sep}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|oct}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|oct}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|nov}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|nov}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNAME<nowiki>|dec}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNAME|dec}} === See also === {{Calendar, clock, date and time computing templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Date-computing templates]] }}</includeonly> a10rrvss8qisin3bs7w8uom1dp3bcnn 10 11013 84079 2022-05-19T06:26:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Crossref wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Crossreference/styles.css" />{{Hatnote inline |1={{{1|{{{text|{{{content|<noinclude>sample content</noinclude>}}}}}}}}} |extraclasses=crossreference {{{class|{{{extraclasses|}}}}}} |selfref={{#if:{{{selfref|{{{printworthy|{{{unprintworthy|}}}}}}}}}||yes}} |inline={{{inline|true}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> lkladn1tdeuuvyjmgpe3kdeqwbqga32 10 11014 84080 2022-05-19T06:26:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Crossreference/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* This snippet just undoes the default "padding-left: 1.6em;" imposed by div.hatnote, when Template:Crossreference is used in block (div) mode. Ignore the dumb CSS editor's "Element (div.crossreference) is overqualified" warning. It is wrong. We do not want to apply any CSS intended for block mode when it is not in block mode. While it's unlikely our "padding-left: 0;" does anything wrong in inline (span) mode, we can't guarantee it forever. */ div.crossreference { padding-left: 0; } kddwe1vcst9bvvucx3arwpa9ji2yirb 10 11015 84081 2022-05-19T06:27:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Crossref/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|Xref|Crossref}} {{lua|Module:Hatnote inline}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/styles.css}} The {{tlx|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} (a.k.a. {{tlx|crossref}} or {{tlx|xref}}) template formats text into a standardized style for an {{em|inline}} (not block-level) "''(See also ...)''"-type parenthetical [[MOS:CROSSREF|Wikipedia crossreference]] to other Wikipedia material. When on different pages, these are [[WP:SELFREF|unprintworthy Wikipedia self-references]]. When crossreferencing material on the same page, they are not. For block-level crossreferences, see the {{tlx|Hatnote}} meta-template and its various progeny ({{tlx|See also}}, etc.). The output is ultimately produced by [[Module:Hatnote inline]]. It actually does support a block-level mode, however, for special cases (see parameter documentation below). See [[:Category:Cross-reference templates]] for other templates derived from or similar to this template. == Usage == The template does not automatically create links of any kind. Links and other desired formatting (round brackets, terminal punctuation) must be explicitly added, using normal [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Wikipedia markup]]. <!--DEPRECATED BY AUTHOR; going to replace them: Usage for links in the same article is discouraged, in favor of the more specific templates {{tlx|See above}} and {{tlx|See below}}.--> '''Basic crossreference to another page:''' {{markup|<nowiki>{{Crossreference|(See also [[Radical Whigs]].)}}</nowiki>| {{ {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|(See also [[Radical Whigs]].)}}}} '''Basic crossreference on same page:''' {{markup|<nowiki>{{Crossreference|selfref=no|(see [[#Parameters]])}}</nowiki>| {{ {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|selfref=no|(see [[#Parameters]])}}}} '''All parameters:''' {{markup|<nowiki>{{Crossreference|class=class1 class2|selfref=no|inline=no|Blargh: * Foo * Bar * Baz }}</nowiki>| {{ {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|class=class1 class2|selfref=no|inline=no|Blargh: * Foo * Bar * Baz }} }} == Parameters == This template accepts the following parameters: * {{para|1}} or {{para|text}} or {{para|content}} – The cross-reference text (required). While the explicit naming of this parameter with {{para|1}}, {{para|text}}, or {{para|content}} is not required, it is always safest to use it this way, since any {{kbd|{{=}}}} character in the text will break the template if the parameter is unnamed. * {{para|class}} or {{para|extraclasses}} – Any extra CSS classes to be added. This should not normally be used. * {{para|selfref|no}} – If set to {{kbd|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}, etc.), removes the default CSS class <code>selfref</code>, used to denote unprintworthy self-references to Wikipedia {{crossref|(see [[Template:Selfref]] for more information)}}. This option should not be used on cross-article links, only links within the same article (and the shorthand templates {{tlx|See above}} and {{tlx|See below}} can be used for this purpose). The parameter aliases {{para|printworthy|yes}} (or with any other value, like {{kbd|y}}, {{kbd|true}}, {{kbd|1}}, etc.) and {{para|unprintworthy|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}) have the same effect as {{para|selfref|no}}. This can also be used for cross-references between internal Wikipedia pages such as guidelines and policies; there is no rationale to suppress the printing-out of links in this case. * {{para|inline}} – Defaults to {{kbd|yes}}. If set to {{kbd|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}, etc.), it will use a {{tag|div|o}} element instead of a {{tag|span|o}}, so you can use block-level elements inside it, such as a list. The difference between {{tnull|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|inline{{=}}no|...}} and {{tlx|Hatnote|...}} is that the former is not indented the way the latter is. This de-indentation is done by [[WP:TemplateStyles]], specifically in [[Template::{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/styles.css]]. == CSS == This template always adds the CSS class <code>crossreference</code>, so you can use [[WP:User styles]] to do as you wish with it. You will need to use <code>!important</code> probably only in the case that you want to override this template's non-indentation when it is in block mode (i.e., when you do want it indented the way {{tlx|Hatnote}} works), and you'll be doing this with on-site user style, such as [[Special:MyPage/common.css]]. This is because TemplateStyles actually load after on-site user styles, so you must override the TemplateStyle with the <code>!important</code> priority flag. == Redirects == The following alternative names redirect to this template: * {{tlx|xref}} * {{tlx|crossref}} * {{tlx|cross-ref}} * {{tlx|cross-reference}} == See also == * {{tlx|Hatnote inline}} – the meta-template this template uses, and other templates that use it * {{tlx|See above}} and {{tlx|See below}} – some specific, printworthy "child" templates of {{tlx|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} * [[Template:Hatnote templates documentation]] – docs for all the block-format hatnotes <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Cross-reference templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Inline hatnote templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "text": { "aliases": [ "1", "content" ] }, "class": { "aliases": [ "extraclasses" ], "label": "CSS classes" }, "inline": { "type": "boolean" }, "printworthy": { "aliases": [ "selfref" ], "type": "boolean" } }, "description": "formats text into a standardized style for an inline (not block-level) \"(See also ...)\"-type parenthetical Wikipedia crossreference to other Wikipedia material.", "paramOrder": [ "text", "printworthy", "class", "inline" ], "format": "inline" } </templatedata> inpcmf3nh6ders0wbcr9ftyrjx7fw4l 10 11016 84082 2022-05-19T06:27:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote inline wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote inline/invoke |1={{{1|{{{text|{{{content}}}}}}}}} |extraclasses={{{class|{{{extraclasses|}}}}}} |selfref={{#if:{{{printworthy|{{{selfref|}}}}}}||yes}} |category={{{category|}}} |inline={{{inline|true}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 4doji1f0rr521l3b49esofuuiwas7cl 10 11017 84083 2022-05-19T06:27:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the template to make multiple hatnotes appear on the same line|Template:Hatnote group}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Hatnote inline}} {{Warning|1=This is a meta-template for development of additional, more specific templates. If you intend to use the template inline in articles or other pages, use {{tlx|crossreference}} (shortcuts or {{tlx|crossref}} and {{tlx|xref}}) or other specific templates based on this metatemplate, e.g. {{tlx|see above}} and {{tlx|see below}}.}} The {{tl|Hatnote inline}} meta-template formats text into a standardized style for an inline (not block-level) variant of a [[Wikipedia:Hatnote]], a short note placed at the point of insertion, to link to more information or otherwise cross-reference another Wikipedia page. like this: {{hatnote inline|Example inline hatnote text.}} <!--See [[:Category:Cross-reference templates]] for a list. of templates derived from this meta-template.--> The most common uses for this meta-template are: * Inline "''(See also ...)''"-type parenthetical [[MOS:CROSSREF|Wikipedia crossreferences]] to other Wikipedia pages, provided by the {{tlx|crossreference}} template and its progeny. These are [[WP:SELFREF|unprintworthy Wikipedia self-references]]. * Hatnotes inside definitions in [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries|template-formatted glossaries]], provided by the {{tlx|ghat}} template. These are printworthy, as they refer to content on the same page. == Usage == ; Basic usage: {{tlx|hatnote inline|{{var|text}}}} ; All parameters: {{tlx|hatnote inline|{{var|text}}|extraclasses{{=}}{{var|class1 class2}}|selfref{{=}}yes|category{{=}}no}} The meta-template does not automatically create links of any kind. Links and other desired formatting must be explicitly added, using normal [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Wikipedia markup]]. == Parameters == This template accepts the following parameters: * {{para|1}} or {{para|text}} or {{para|content}} – The inline hatnote's text (required). While the explicit naming of this parameter with {{para|1}}, {{para|text}}, or {{para|content}} is not required, it is always safest to use it this way, since any {{kbd|{{=}}}} character in the input text will break the template if the parameter is unnamed. * {{para|class}} or {{para|extraclasses}} – Any extra CSS classes to be added. This should not normally be used. * {{para|selfref|no}} – If set to {{kbd|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}, etc.) removes the default CSS class <code>selfref</code>, used to denote unprintworthy self-references to Wikipedia {{crossref|(see [[Template:Selfref]] for more information)}}. This option should not be used to indicate a non-selfref on cross-article links, only links within the same article (and the derived shorthand templates {{tlx|See above}} and {{tlx|See below}} do this automatically). The parameter alias {{para|printworthy|yes}} (or with any other value, like {{kbd|y}}, {{kbd|true}}, {{kbd|1}}, etc.) has the same effect as {{para|selfref|no}}. Note that attempting to manually supply a "this is a selfref" value with {{para|selfref|yes}} or {{para|printworthy|no}} will not have the desired effect (which is the default anyway); {{em|the meta-template is set to selfref by default}}, since most uses are self-references (only those within the same article as the template are not). This could actually be fixed by use of {{tlx|YesNo}}, but it's maybe more hassle than it's worth. * {{para|category}} – If set to {{kbd|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}, etc.), suppresses the error-tracking category ([[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]). This only has an effect if the first positional parameter (the hatnote text) is omitted. This should not normally be used. * {{para|inline}} – Defaults to {{kbd|yes}}; you never need to set that. If set to {{kbd|no}} (or {{kbd|n}}, {{kbd|false}}, {{kbd|0}}, etc.), it is a special-use parameter, which turns off the conversion of the Hatnote module code's {{tag|div|o}} into a {{tag|span|o}}, so it becomes a {{tag|div|o}} again. By default, this will simply produce the same output as {{tlx|Hatnote}}. The only use for this is when a template using {{tlx|Hatnote inline}} as its meta-template (e.g. {{tlx|Crossreference}} has [[WP:TemplateStyles]] and a custom class that do something different with it in block mode than would happen if it were a regular hatnote (e.g., by removing the hatnote indentation). So, obviously this is not normally used, and it requires setup to use it to do anything practical. == Technical details == The meta-template places an HTML {{tag|span}} container around the text entered as its first, required parameter, upon which it provides standardized formatting (italicized in most displays, and only stylistically, not as semantic emphasis); it also uses CSS classes to isolate the contained code to make sure that it is interpreted correctly and can be acted upon independently of true article content. The HTML code produced by this template looks like this: * <code><nowiki><span class="hatnote"></nowiki>{{var|hatnote text}}<nowiki></span></nowiki></code> This is the same class used by the {{tag|div|o}}-based {{tlx|hatnote}} template, the block display of which is controlled by a separate <code>div.hatnote</code> directive in [[Mediawiki:Common.css]]. The output is produced by [[Module:Hatnote inline]]. == See also == * [[Template:Hatnote templates documentation]], for all the block-format hatnotes === Templates based on this meta-template === * {{tl|Crossreference}} (a.k.a. {{tl|Crossref}}, {{tl|Xref}}) &ndash; Template for inline crossreferences to (usually) other Wikipedia pages (unprintworthy in most cases) * {{tl|Ghat}} &ndash; Hatnote template for use in [[MOS:GLOSSARIES|template-structured glossaries]] (printworthy) * {{tl|See above}} and {{tl|See below}} &ndash; some more specific templates than {{tl|Crossreference}} for use on same page only (printworthy) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Cross-reference templates]] [[Category:Hatnote templates| ]] [[Category:Inline hatnote templates| ]] }}</includeonly> ku5x39meuypcvywd09xs0h2ytch9q3k 10 11018 84084 2022-05-19T06:28:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Warning wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | name = Warning | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | style = {{#if:{{{style|}}} |{{#if:{{{small|}}}||width:80%;}} {{{style}}} }} | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = content | image = {{#if:{{{image|}}}| [[File:{{{image}}}|{{{imagesize|40px}}}|Warning]] }} | small = {{{small|}}} | smallimage = {{#if:{{{image|}}}| [[File:{{{image}}}|30px|Warning]]}} | imageright = {{#if:{{{imageright|}}} |{{{imageright}}} |{{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}} |{{Ombox/shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|}}}}}}|{{{shortcut2|}}}|{{{shortcut3|}}}|{{{shortcut4|}}}|{{{shortcut5|}}}}}}} }} | textstyle = {{{textstyle|text-align: {{#if:{{{center|}}}|center|{{{align|left}}}}};}}} | text = {{#if:{{{header|{{{heading|{{{title|}}}}}}}}} |<div style="{{{headstyle|text-align: {{#if:{{{center|}}}|center|left}};}}}">'''{{{header|{{{heading|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}'''</div>}}<!-- -->{{{text|{{{content|{{{reason|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}} }}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ccd5wh93blf8ugbbitkytz4k94h0llk 10 11019 84085 2022-05-19T06:28:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Warning/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ******************************************************************** **** This documentation is shared between multiple templates, **** **** using {{BASEPAGENAME}} and {{#switch:...}} to customize. **** ******************************************************************** --> {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA --> {{Used in system}} {{Never substitute}} This is the {{tl|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} message box. It should be used '''sparingly''' and only for {{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Warning='''important''' warnings about an article or a user that cannot be shown using a more specific template. Please only use it when something is seriously wrong and other people might not otherwise know about it. |<!--DEFAULT:-->'''significant''' information for which a more specific template doesn't exist. }} Less important comments should be put as regular text on the page's talk page instead. ==Usage== '''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1=Place notice text here. |heading=Optional heading above the text<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>''' This box automatically changes its style depending on what kind of page it appears; see {{tl|Mbox}} for details, and view the examples below for demonstrations. ===Use in talk and userspace=== Outside "important" locations like mainspace, policy pages, and noticeboards, this message box can also be used on other pages in a more relaxed way, such as on the top of talk page alerts, wikiproject pages, userspace pages, etc. Talk and noticeboard cases should probably include your [[WP:Signature|signature]] at the end of the template's main content. ===Optional parameters === The box can be titled with an optional {{para|heading}} (or {{para|header}} or {{para|title}}). This is left-aligned by default. This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |[[Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]] dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces an all-left notice: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} It can be hard to notice or read short heading and/or message on a wide monitor when they centered. For long content, it can be centered with {{para|align|center}}.<br />{{small|1=[While {{para|align|right}} is a valid value, it will only be useful when this template is ported to right-to-left language Wikipedias, and shouldn't be used on English Wikipedia or it will be difficult to read.]}}<br /> This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |align=center |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |align=center |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} A shorthand parameter to center the heading and main text at the same time is {{para|center|y}}. This:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |center=y |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |center=y |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} The parameter {{para|textstyle}} can be used to pass arbitrary inline CSS to the main note content. For example, one could center small-caps text below a left-aligned heading; this:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |textstyle=text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |textstyle=text-align:center; font-variant:small-caps;|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} Similarly, the parameter {{para|headstyle}} can be used to pass arbitrary inline CSS to the heading content. For example, one could center a red heading above a left-aligned message; this:<br /> {{in5}}<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |heading=Heading |headstyle=text-align:center; color:red; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main |heading=Heading |style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |headstyle=text-align:center; color:red;|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} The message box can also take an {{para|image}} parameter (with a value of just the bare filename of the image, without <code>File:...</code>, <code>Image:...</code>, or markup), but this is discouraged in articles. For an example of its use, see below. See [[#Talk pages]], below for the talkpage-only {{para|small|y}} parameter. See also [[#Adding an image, shortcuts, etc., on the righthand side]] for additional parameters that work in talk and project pages but not articles. ===Articles=== : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=main|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===Talk pages=== On talk pages, <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} You may also set the talkpage-only parameter {{para|small|yes}}, which alters the template's appearance thus: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk |small=yes |header=Header |style=text-align:center;<!--margin-bottom:2.0em;--> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |small=yes |header=Header |style=text-align:center; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>&nbsp;produces&nbsp;...... {{clear}} Setting the {{para|image}} parameter changes the image shown on the lefthand side of the template. : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |image=Stop hand nuvola.svg |heading=Heading |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=talk<!--|style=margin-bottom:2.0em;--> |image=Stop hand nuvola.svg |heading=Heading |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} (Note the effect of omitting {{para|style|text-align:center;}} here) ===File and category pages=== <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> on a File: page would produce... {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=file|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ... and, on a Category: page, would produce: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=category|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===Other pages=== On other pages, such as those in the [[Wikipedia:User pages|User:]], [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia namespace|Wikipedia:]] and [[Wikipedia:Help namespace|Help:]] [[Wikipedia:Namespaces|namespaces]], <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> would produce: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|demospace=wikipedia|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ===External links and equals signs=== In most cases, external links can be used in the template without any complications. If a link &ndash;&nbsp;or any text&nbsp;&ndash; contains one or more equals signs (" &#61; "), however, everything before the first sign will be interpreted as the name of a parameter. To prevent this, name the text carrying the link as the first numbered parameter: : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |1=Any text/links including "=" should now be interpreted correctly.<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |1=Any text/links including "=" should now be interpreted correctly.}} ===Adding an image, shortcuts, etc., on the righthand side=== To add shortcuts, images, other templates, etc. to the righthand side of the template, use {{para|imageright}}. This does not work in articles. For example,<br /><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. |imageright=[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]]}} <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>{{Shortcuts|You|Me}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> includes the {{tl|Shortcut}}s template providing links to [[You]] and [[Me]]: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |imageright={{Shortcut|You|Me}} |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ====Alternate shortcut option==== As an alternative to imageright, the {{para|shortcut}} (or {{para|shortcut1}}) and {{para|shortcut''N''}} parameters (where {{nowrap|''N'' {{=}} 2}} to 5) may be used to display shortcuts. For instance, <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} ''Note: If both imageright and any of the shorcut parameters are used, the contents of imageright will override the shortcut/s.'' For example,<br /><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} |imageright=<nowiki>[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|style=margin-bottom:2.0em; |imageright=[[File:Wiki letter w.svg|40px]] |shortcut1=Me |shortcut2=You |shortcut3=Them |shortcut4=Us |shortcut5=Everyone |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} {{{{BASEPAGENAME}} and warning templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE PLEASE; INTERWIKIS AT WIKIDATA --> [[Category:Notice and warning templates]] [[Category:Talk header templates]] <!--[[labconsole:Template:Notice]]--> }}</includeonly> 7d1ge955lnrds2cupxgqh0j4jtlo92p 10 11020 84087 2022-05-19T06:33:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ombox/shortcut wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Shortcut|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 5idoxkkbt62sniipoe18t8iorl88qpo 10 11021 84088 2022-05-19T06:33:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ombox/shortcut/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|Shc|Short|Shorthand}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Shortcut}} {{Lua sidebar}} {{Commons|Template:Redirects}} This is the documentation for {{tl|shortcut}} and its sister templates. Template {{tl|shortcut}} renders a box, informing editors, which [[Wikipedia:Shortcut|shortcuts]] are available for linking to a page or a section of a page. The ''[[Wikipedia:Shortcut|shortcut]]'' family of templates is put into context here, but they each have their own documentation pages, [[#See also|see below]]. A shortcut template is similar to the {{tl|anchor}} template, but it adds a visual ''box'' graphic to the rendered page, as well as providing an alternative name. Creating a redirect page is a requirement to fulfill the shortcut mechanism. In templates, it is put in the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation page]]. == Usage == This template should not be used for articles in the main namespace, because the graphic produces an unavoidable [[WP:SELF|self-reference]]. # Insert the shortcut template. # Create a redirect page with the {{tl|R from shortcut}} template suffixed to the redirect. Name the page after your shortcut name. Include the namespace name in both the shortcut name and the redirect page name. For example, substitute your own shortcut name as the title of the page, and substitute the proper namespace, then add the REDIRECT as the top-line on your redirect page, and the category to the third line of the redirect: #:<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[</nowiki>''Namespace'':''Title of page with''#''Optional and possibly very long section name''<nowiki>]]</nowiki><br><br><nowiki>{{R from shortcut}}</nowiki></code> # Verify operation. Note that shortcut templates should display in all capitals, but operate without all capitals. '''Notes''' Shortcuts are used mainly on user pages and talk pages in reference to the Wikipedia, Help, and Portal namespaces. These templates inform about the shortcuts available to the page they are on. For example, [[WP:SHORT]] redirects to [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]] and therefore, Wikipedia:Shortcut renders a shortcut box listing WP:SHORT. It is a self-reference that is normally avoided in the main article namespace. The purpose of these templates is not to list every single redirect for a page (that's what [[Special:WhatLinksHere]] is for), but to list the most common and easily remembered redirects. == Parameters == {{tl|shortcut}} takes the following parameters: * {{code|1}}, {{code|2}}, {{code|3}}... – the shortcut links. * {{code|float}} – if set to {{code|left}}, the box floats to the left. * {{code|clear}} – if set to {{code|right}}, (or {{code|left}} if {{para|float|left}} is set), the box appears beneath, not beside, another floating element preceding it (infobox, thumbnail etc.). * {{code|msg}} – an unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links. * {{code|category}} – set to "no", "n", "false" or "0" to suppress error categories. == Examples == {| ! Code ! Result |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:SHORT}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:SHORT}} |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|WP:SOURCE}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|WP:SOURCE}} |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|4=msg=A message}} | {{<!---->{{BASEPAGENAME}}|WP:V|WP:VERIFY|msg=A message}} |} == Anchors == These templates automatically add an [[HTML element#Anchor|anchor]] for each shortcut name parameter. For example, if a shortcut box with the shortcut [[WP:SHORT]] is placed on the page [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]], then the link [[Wikipedia:Shortcut#WP:SHORT]] will take you to the position in the page where that shortcut box is placed. Examples: [[#WP:SHORT]], and [[MOS:MATH#TONE]] This makes it easier to create a shortcut for a section of a page, because you can refer to the anchor when creating the shortcut redirect itself. Like this: :<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Pagename#WP:SHORT]] {{R from shortcut}}</nowiki></code> == Positioning == This template is usually placed below the section header or at the top of a page. Before July 26, 2010, when the anchor was inside the box, this caused the section header to scroll above the page window. Fixes for this issue included: * Placing the shortcut above the section header; a bit confusing when editing * Creating the redirect to the section header, not the shortcut; this would break if the section header was renamed * Placing an {{tl|anchor}} in the section header that duplicated the shortcut These fixes are no longer needed, but do not break the current implementation. == TemplateData == <!-- The <nostrip> comments are necessary to work around bugs in [[Module:Plain text]] --> {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template displays one or more of a template's shortcuts.", "format": "inline", "params": { "template": { "label": "Template?", "description": "Whether this is a list of shortcuts for a Template. <p><!--nostrip-->'''See also:''' <code><!--nostrip-->{{[[Template:Template shortcut|Template shortcut]]}}</code></p>", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "redirect": { "label": "Redirect?", "description": "Whether to refer to the “shortcut/s” as “redirect/s” instead.", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "target": { "label": "Target?", "description": "Whether to omit the <code><!--nostrip-->redirect=no</code><!--nostrip--> URL parameter.", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1", "type": "boolean" }, "float": { "label": "Float", "description": "The CSS <code><!--nostrip-->float</code><!--nostrip--> property value.", "default": "right", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right" ], "type": "string" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "The CSS <code><!--nostrip-->clear</code><!--nostrip--> property value.", "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "right", "both" ], "type": "string" }, "category": { "label": "Categorize", "description": "Whether to add pages to the error category if no alias or <code><!--nostrip-->msg</code><!--nostrip--> is specified.", "default": "1", "autovalue": "0", "type": "boolean" }, "msg": { "label": "Message", "description": "An unlinked message that goes after the shortcut links.", "type": "content" }, "1": { "label": "Shortcut 1", "description": "Page/section shortcut 1", "required": true, "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "2": { "label": "Shortcut 2", "description": "Page/section shortcut 2", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "3": { "label": "Shortcut 3", "description": "Page/section shortcut 3", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "4": { "label": "Shortcut 4", "description": "Page/section shortcut 4", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "5": { "label": "Shortcut 5", "description": "Page/section shortcut 5", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "6": { "label": "Shortcut 6", "description": "Page/section shortcut 6", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "7": { "label": "Shortcut 7", "description": "Page/section shortcut 7", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "8": { "label": "Shortcut 8", "description": "Page/section shortcut 8", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "9": { "label": "Shortcut 9", "description": "Page/section shortcut 9", "type": "wiki-page-name" } }, "paramOrder": [ "template", "redirect", "target", "float", "clear", "category", "msg", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" ] } </templatedata>}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Shortcut]] – The how-to guide and guideline about how and when to create shortcuts and shortcut boxes. A must-read for anyone handling shortcuts. * {{tl|Anchor}} – a way to overcome the otherwise permanent fact that section titles are the only way to link to a section * {{tl|R from shortcut}} – for placement on the redirect page * {{tl|Template shortcut}} – used for shortcuts/redirects to a template page * {{tl|Short URL box}} – for short URLs created with the [[:meta:Special:URLShortener|WMF URL shortener]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Shortcut templates]] }}</includeonly> 9noo69lrngijftgj6iumb6igt993tqi 10 11022 84089 2022-05-19T06:34:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Warning and warning templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Notice and warning templates | state = {{{state|}}} | title = {{c|Notice and warning templates}} | liststyle = text-align:left; | tracking = no <!-- keep all the documanted templates out of the hlist tracking category --> | list1 = * {{tlb|Caution}} – For messages indicating e.g. that errors or misuse may have wide repercussions. * {{tlb|Consensus}} – For notices relating to [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] about methods, procedures, editing, etc. * {{tlb|Notice}} – For significant information. * {{tlb|Warning}} – For particularly significant warnings. * {{tl|Warnsign}} – Inline version of {{tlf|Warning}}. | below = See also {{tl|Ambox}}, the generic [[Template:Mbox|message box]] for article messages. }}<noinclude> {{Documentation |content={{Collapsible option |statename=optional <!--|default=collapsed-->}} [[Category:Notice and warning templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}<!--(end Documentation)--> </noinclude> t90adch0k4x4j2psr2qfhzrl1qf1g8q 10 11023 84090 2022-05-19T06:35:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:C wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|{{{2|{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 5ihlenrrtiyl0onp17hzt1jb0im35x9 10 11024 84091 2022-05-19T06:35:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:C/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> == Usage == : {{tlx|c&nbsp;|''category name''}} : {{tlx|c&nbsp;|''category name''&nbsp;|''link text''}} Use {{tl|c}} to create a [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]-free link to a category, e.g. {{c|Philosophy}} rather than {{cl|Philosophy}}, {{cls|Philosophy}}: : {{tlf|c|Philosophy}} produces: {{c|Philosophy}} : {{tlf|c|Category:philosophy}} produces: {{c|Category:philosophy}} To specify the text used for the link –&nbsp;e.g. "Philosophy category" in place of "Philosophy"&nbsp;– add it as the next parameter: : {{tlf|c|Philosophy|Philosophy category}} produces: {{c|Philosophy|Philosophy category}} : {{tlf|c|Category:philosophy|Philosophy category}} produces: {{c|Category:philosophy|Philosophy category}} == See also == * {{tl|cl}}, which produces the second type of link shown in the Usage section ({{cl|Philosophy}}, i.e. including the namespace prefix). * {{tl|cls}}, which produces the third type shown in the Usage section ({{cls|Philosophy}}, i.e. including an abbreviated namespace prefix). * {{tl|lcs}}, which produces output such as: {{lcs|Philosophy}} * {{tl|icon}} for standard Wikipedia icons. {{Internal category-link templates}} == Template data == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Creates links to categories without the namespace prefix.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Category name", "description": "The name of the category to link to, with or without the Category: prefix", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Link text", "description": "Text of the actual link, if you want to override it", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{basepage subpage | <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> i3nwbv75j7c11f1r86xuuapb7cdubgl 10 11025 84092 2022-05-19T06:35:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Collapsible option wikitext text/x-wiki '''{{big|Initial visibility:}}''' currently defaults to '''{{big|{{#switch:{{{default|}}}|collapsed=collapsed|expanded=expanded|autocollapse|#default=autocollapse}}}}''' To set this template's initial visibility, the {{para|{{{parameter_name|state}}}}} [[Help:Template#Parameters|parameter]] may be used: <ul> <li>{{para|{{{parameter_name|state}}}|collapsed}}: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki><includeonly>{{</includeonly>{{#if:{{{nobase|}}}| |BASE}}PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly><nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{parameter_name|state}}}<nowiki>=collapsed}}</nowiki></code> to show the template collapsed, i.e., hidden apart from its title bar</li> <li>{{para|{{{parameter_name|state}}}|expanded}}: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki><includeonly>{{</includeonly>{{#if:{{{nobase|}}} | |BASE}}PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly><nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{parameter_name|state}}}<nowiki>=expanded}}</nowiki></code> to show the template expanded, i.e., fully visible</li> <li>{{para|{{{parameter_name|state}}}|autocollapse}}: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki><includeonly>{{</includeonly>{{#if:{{{nobase|}}} | |BASE}}PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly><nowiki>|</nowiki>{{{parameter_name|state}}}<nowiki>=autocollapse}}</nowiki></code> <ul> <li>shows the template collapsed to the title bar if there is a {{tlx|navbar}}, a {{tlx|sidebar}}, or some other table on the page with the collapsible attribute</li> <li>shows the template in its expanded state if there are no other collapsible items on the page</li> </ul></li></ul> If the {{para|{{{parameter_name|state}}}}} parameter in the template on this page is not set, the template's initial visibility is taken from the {{para|default}} parameter in the ''Collapsible option'' template. For the template on this page, that currently evaluates to {{big|'''<code>{{#switch:{{{default|}}}|collapsed=collapsed|expanded=expanded|autocollapse|#default=autocollapse}}</code>'''}}.<!-- -->{{#if:{{{align|}}}| :{{para|align|{{var|value}}}} is also available; where {{var|value}} can be either <code>right</code> or <code>left</code>. The default is {{kbd|center}}. }}{{#if:{{{title-background|}}}|:{{para|title-background|{{var|value}}}} is also available; where {{var|value}} can be either {{kbd|navbox}} or a {{kbd|color}}. The default is {{kbd|none}}, and {{{kbd|navbox}} defaults to the default navbox color. }}{{#if:{{{width|}}}| :{{para|width|{{var|value}}}} is also available; where {{var|value}} can be either {{kbd|{{var|N}} [em/%/px]}} or {{kbd|auto}}. The default is {{kbd|100%}}. }}<!-- Add {{pp-template}} if template page where this template is transcluded is protected: -->{{template other | {{#if:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |{{pp-template|docusage=yes}} | {{#if:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} |{{pp-move|docusage=yes|small=yes}} }} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> m4ddpzem9kneby62lbpnjhqhvbine1e 10 11026 84093 2022-05-19T06:36:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Collapsible option/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-risk| approximately 108000 }} {{tlx|Collapsible option}} provides a standardised message for [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transclusion]] on the pages of collapsible templates whose collapsibility may be managed by the parameter {{para|state}}. It may be used on either the template page itself (wrapped within {{tag|noinclude}} tags) or on the template's {{tlx|documentation subpage}}. ===Indicating optional use of {{samp|state}} name=== The {{para|state}} parameter used to manage collapsible templates need not always be named explicitly, i.e. {{tnull|{{var|Template name}}{{!}}{{var|state}}}} can be the same as {{tnull|{{var|Template name}}|state{{=}}{{var|state}}}}, if the template is coded that way. To indicate this in the {{tnull|Collapsible option}} message, add the parameter {{para|statename|optional}}. This modifies the message so that it reads (if it were used for itself): <div style="clear:both;margin:1.0em 0;background:whitesmoke;"> {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} </div> This possibility is enabled by including: *<code><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></code> as part of a collapsible template's {{para|state}} parameter{{spaced ndash}}for instance, as {{para|state|<nowiki>{{{state|{{{1|}}}}}}</nowiki>}} or {{para|state|<nowiki>{{{state|{{{1|<noinclude>expanded</noinclude>}}}}}}</nowiki>}}, etc. *<code><nowiki><noinclude></nowiki></code>,<code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code>as part of a collapsible template's <code>state</code> argument{{spaced ndash}}for instance, as {{para|state|<nowiki>{{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}</nowiki>}} If, however, the template includes collapsible sections within itself (e.g. {{tlx|Navbox with collapsible groups}}), then enabling this possibility may introduce ambiguity as regards what is to be collapsed or expanded. In those instances, therefore, the requirement to use {{para|state}} should be retained. ===Changing the default state=== To change the default state {{tnull|Collapsible option}} uses, add the parameter {{para|default|collapsed}} or {{para|default|expanded}} accordingly. To restore the default, remove any {{para|default}} previously included. The {{para|default|collapsed}} option must not be used in main article content in mainspace, e.g. to hide [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables|tables of information]], or to cram extraneous details into [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infoboxes]]. {{crossref|printworthy=y|(For more information, see {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Scrolling lists and collapsible content}}.)}} This option {{em|is}} permissible in [[Wikipedia:Navigation boxes|navboxes]], which are not part of the article content {{lang|la|per se}}. ===Slashes and the {{samp|nobase}} parameter === If the template name given to {{tnull|Collapsible option}}</nowiki> includes a forward-slash (virgule) character – <kbd>/</kbd> – then the parameter {{para|nobase}} (set to {{kbd|on}}, {{kbd|true}}, etc.) will need to be added so that the name is displayed correctly (i.e., so that {{tlc|PAGENAME}} rather than the default {{tlc|BASEPAGENAME}} is used to display it). == See also == * {{tl|Navbox documentation}} * {{tlx|Collapsible lists option}} * {{tlx|Collapsible sections option}} * [[Help:Collapsing]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] }}</includeonly> kiivei5w26vqpzn5hxkempnfbfwmxcd 10 11027 84094 2022-05-19T06:37:29Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Tlb]] to [[Inyandikorugero:Template link with bold]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Template link with bold]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} omdpezatjs31o5xet4rurvtcuh916tv 10 11028 84095 2022-05-19T06:37:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with bold wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:Template link general|main|bold=on}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlb}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> n7m4iye4a3bll5v8ee1fe7fjm4w193m 10 11029 84096 2022-05-19T06:38:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Small wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:85%;">{{{1}}}</span><includeonly>{{SAFESUBST:#if:{{{1|}}}||[[Category:Pages using small with an empty input parameter]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!--Categories and interwikis go in the /doc sub-page.--> </noinclude> dvonxxvea06kvln677gbl2xk9rrnlog 10 11030 84097 2022-05-19T06:39:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Small/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk| 901592 }} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Notice|As of [[Special:Diff/724648585|June 10, 2016]], a rule has been added to MediaWiki:Common.css, so now {{tag|small|o}} consistently renders at size that is 85% of the surrounding text. This template remains as a convenience wrapper.}} == Usage == This template is a replacement for {{tag|small}}. Remember "Avoid using smaller font sizes in elements that already use a smaller font size, such as infoboxes, navboxes and reference sections.", per [[MOS:ACCESS#Font size]] and [[MOS:SMALLFONT]]. Use of this template within an infobox produces a font size 75% of the page default, well below the 85% minimum specified in the linked guidelines. <!-- Per [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 159#Infobox font size]], common text within an infobox is 88% of page default. Therefore use of this template in an infobox yields 74.8% of page default (0.88 * 0.85). --> The only parameter is the content and may contain templates, images, etc. if a block needs to be wrapped in this template and contains such elements. Note that if the <code>=</code> character appears in the content, the parameter must be explicitly specified as {{para|1}}. Do not use this template to wrap multiple lines; doing so will cause [[Special:LintErrors|Linter]] errors. If you need to wrap multiple list items or multiple paragraphs, use {{tl|smalldiv}} around the entire block, or wrap each list item or paragraph separately. Thus {{done|Good practice}}: {| class="wikitable" |- !input !shows |- | <code><nowiki>What a wonderful world</nowiki></code> | What a wonderful world |- | <code><nowiki>{{small|What a wonderful world}}</nowiki></code> | {{small|What a wonderful world}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{small|1=3 + 2 = 5}}</nowiki></code> | {{small|1=3 + 2 = 5}} |- |<pre>{{small|1=103}} {{small|1=+ 2}} —— {{small|1=105}}</pre> |{{small|1=103}} {{small|1=+ 2}} —— {{small|1=105}} |} {{not done|Don't do this}}: <pre><nowiki>{{small| *One *Two *Three}}</nowiki></pre> {{done|Do this instead}}: <pre><nowiki>{{smalldiv| *One *Two *Three}}</nowiki></pre> == Template data == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "A template shortcut for the \"small\" HTML tag that makes the font smaller ", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "description": "The text that you'd like to be made smaller", "type": "string", "required": true } } } </templatedata> == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using small with an empty input parameter}} == See also == {{font size templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- TEMPLATE CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Resizing templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 3lm7eztk7dufzcvmy9rllxy28ee7lpq 10 11031 84098 2022-05-19T06:39:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Never substitute wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox |type=notice |text='''This template should {{em|not}} be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]].''' {{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rowp4ad3e9lka4moersp9qlgb109pgg 10 11032 84099 2022-05-19T06:39:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Never substitute/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{hatnote|The following also '''applies''' to this template, so this template should '''never''' be substituted:}} {{Never substitute}} === Usage === <code><nowiki>{{Never substitute}}</nowiki></code> This template should be placed on the <big>[[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpage|subpage]]</big> (not the template page itself) of any template that should '''not''' be substituted (and [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] instead). '''Parameters''' * This template accepts one optional parameter, which can be used to give a more detailed description of why the template in question should not be substituted. For example, <code><nowiki>{{Never substitute|Example text.}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Never substitute|Example text.}} {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Substitute, Never}} [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> dbdjd6um9mpop7g32ylsevu2svmvo2b 10 11033 84100 2022-05-19T06:40:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:In5 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:in5|in5|1={{{1|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--[[Category:Smart formatting templates|In5]]--> </noinclude> 8vq8wpy1id7garukyg2rx2pi2ojk3nv 10 11034 84101 2022-05-19T06:40:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:In5/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:In5}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> The indenter '''Template:in5''' indents text by 5 spaces or the count specified by<br>parameter 1 (range: 1 to 50 spaces).<br /> {{in5}}Usage: &nbsp; {{tlx|in5}} {{in5|11}} <--indents by 5 spaces<br /> {{in5}}Usage: &nbsp; {{tlx|in5|8}} {{in5|7}} <--indents by 8 spaces<br /> {{in5}}Usage: &nbsp; {{tlx|in5|47}} {{in5}} <--indents by 47 spaces Spaces outside the double braces will add an extra space on either side,<br />such as the 12 spaces inserted by {{tlx|in5|10}}. It does not insert a newline (line break). To use on a series of lines, add <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> at the end of the line before (each) {{tnull|in5}}. You can also use a blank line before the {{tnull|in5}}, which will introduce a paragraph break. ==Examples== The following are examples showing larger amounts of spacing:<br /> {{in5}}Example 1: <code><nowiki>xx{{in5|10}}yy{{in5|10}}</nowiki>zz</code> produces: xx{{in5|10}}yy{{in5|10}}zz<br /> {{in5}}Example 2: <code><nowiki>xx{{in5|10}}yy{{in5|15}}</nowiki>zz</code> produces: xx{{in5|10}}yy{{in5|15}}zz<br /> {{in5}}Example 3: <code><nowiki>aa{{in5|20}}bb{{in5|20}}</nowiki>cc</code> produces: aa{{in5|20}}bb{{in5|20}}cc<br /> {{in5}}Example 4: <code><nowiki>"32.0{{in5|7}}"</nowiki></code> produces: "32.0{{in5|7}}" Example 4 shows the ability to put trailing spaces, such as spaces after a number in a [[Help:Table|wikitable]] column (coded as: <code>|&nbsp;32.0{{tnull|in5}}&nbsp;</code>). Typical numbers (with <code>align=right</code>), in a table column, often appear crowded at the right-hand side, so appending {{tnull|in5}} can improve readability, in tables with lines between columns. ==Comparison with letter-spacing== To insert spacing {{em|between each character}} of any text, then <code>&lt;span style="letter-spacing:<var>value unit</var>"&gt;</code> can be used. For example, with <code><nowiki><span style="letter-spacing:1.2em"></nowiki></code>, spanning the text "example" (not including the quotation marks), it would look like: "<span style="letter-spacing:1.2em">example</span>". (Note that the spacing applies to the last character; the intended result might actually be to span the characters ''exampl'' only: "<span style="letter-spacing:1.2em">exampl</span>e".) The spacing <var>value</var> may express any number from 0 on; also fractions like <kbd>.45</kbd> are possible, and the <var>unit</var> may be <code>em</code> or any other standard HTML/CSS measurement unit (<code>pt</code>, <code>px</code>, <code>cm</code>, <code>mm</code>, <code>in</code>). == See also == * {{tl|block indent}}, to indent an entire block of content, similar to a [[Template:Quote|block quotation]] (uses {{tag|div|o}} and CSS margins) {{Inline spacing templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> meeaik037s90sr1p4v0x17b1jfqt429 828 11035 84102 2022-05-19T06:41:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:In5 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{in5}}. local p = {} function p.in5(frame) local indent = frame.args[1] -- Trim whitespace and convert to number. Default to 5 if not present, -- as per the template title. indent = tonumber( mw.text.trim(indent) ) or 5 -- Round down to nearest integer. Decimal values produce funky results -- from the original template, but there's no need for us to replicate that. indent = math.floor( indent ) -- Don't output anything for zero or less. Again, there was some funky output -- here for negatives, but now we're in Lua we should use sane defaults. if indent <= 0 then return end local base = '&nbsp; ' local modulo = '&nbsp;' --[[ Indent values and the corresponding values for base and modulo: indent base modulo 1 0 1 2 0 2 3 1 1 4 1 2 5 2 1 6 2 2 7 3 1 8 3 2 9 4 1 10 4 2 ]] local baseNum = math.floor( (indent - 1) / 2 ) local modNum = math.fmod( indent - 1 , 2 ) + 1 return mw.ustring.rep( base, baseNum) .. mw.ustring.rep( modulo, modNum ) end return p d2jdhmzl1ariwd7uypwfkhex9llkyg6 828 11036 84103 2022-05-19T06:41:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:In5/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|alpha}} This is a Lua implementation of the {{tl|in5}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. q6gfdkytw2qec0bx5jmrda9n4q7ym2j 10 11037 84104 2022-05-19T06:42:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Inline spacing templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Inline spacing templates | title = [[:Category:Inline spacing templates|Inline spacing templates]] | listclass = hlist | state = plain | group1 = Non-breaking space characters | list1 = * {{tl|figure space}} * {{tl|hair space}} * {{tl|narrow no-break space}} * {{tl|nb5}} * {{tl|ns}} * {{tl|quad}} * {{tl|spaces}} * {{tl|thin space}} * {{tl|word joiner}} * {{tl|zero width joiner}} | group2 = Breaking space characters | list2 = * {{tl|sp}} * {{tl|zero width space}} | group3 = Non-character spaces | list3 = * {{tl|gaps}} * {{tl|in5}} * {{tl|indent}} * {{tl|pad}} * {{tl|px2}} * {{tl|vpad}} }}<noinclude> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] </noinclude> ngxefcswnh1hjc6zia33jr51clmkq7z 10 11038 84105 2022-05-19T06:42:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Em wikitext text/x-wiki <em {{#if:{{{role|}}}|role="{{{role}}}"}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</em><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> qihth5vbfna026aqh87kteifb1nb5ot 10 11039 84106 2022-05-19T06:43:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Em/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{High-use|8950}} {{for|the em dash template|Template:Em dash}} ==Purpose== This template makes it faster and easier to apply [[HTML]]'s {{tag|em}} {{em|emphasis}} markup to text, and more importantly to indicate to human and bot editors they should not use <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> or {{tag|i}} typographic italicization to replace the intentional and semantically meaningful <code><nowiki><em></nowiki></code>. Strong emphasis is usually rendered visually in an italic (oblique a.k.a. slanted) typeface by default on graphical browsers, but can be parsed and acted upon in customizable ways with style sheets, apps and text-to-speech screen readers. It is said to be [[semantic markup]], i.e. markup that conveys meaning or context, not just visual appearance. Simple italicizing is purely typographic and is semantically meaningless. It is most often used for titles of publications (books, films, albums, etc.), foreign words and phrases, [[words as words]] (when quotation marks are not used for that purpose), names of ships, [[Binomial nomenclature|scientific names of species]] and other cases where stylistic conventions demand italics, but they convey no sense of emphasis. The average reader, and average editor, do not and need not care about this distinction most of the time, but it can be important and editors who understand it can use this template as a baseline insurance against accidental or careless replacement by bots and human editors. ==Usage== : {{tnull|em|<var>text to be emphasized</var>}} or, if the text to be emphasized contains an equals sign: : {{tnull|em|'''1{{=}}'''<var>text to be emphasized</var>}} These both render as: : {{em|text to be emphasized}} This template puts intentional and explicit {{tag|em}} (emphasis) [X]HTML markup around the text provided as the first parameter. It is safest to always use the {{para|1}} syntax. ===Optional parameters=== Advanced HTML values can be passed through the template to the HTML code: * {{para|role}} takes a WAI-ARIA role; adds <code>role="<var>rolename</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|class}} takes a class name (or multiple class names, separated by spaces); adds <code>class="<var>classname[s]</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|style}} takes inline CSS input; adds <code>style="<var>CSS directive[s]</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|id}} takes a valid, unique HTML id (must begin with an alphabetic letter); adds <code>id="<var>name</var>"</code> to the HTML code * {{para|title}} takes text, which cannot be marked up in any way, and displays it as a pop-up "tooltip" (in most browsers) when the cursor hovers over the span ===Use cases=== {{details|Wikipedia:WikiProject Usability/Scannability}} This template is made to [[:wikt:emphasis|mildly emphasize]] an important word or phrase in a passage, in a way that is (unlike simply italicizing it) [[Semantic markup|semantically meaningful markup]]. With this technique, the emphasized text stands out from the rest of the nearby text in most if not all visual browsers and some text-to-speech screen readers (which usually ignore purely typographic italicization), without strongly affecting scannability. It can also be parsed by user agents and other software as definitively indicating emphasis, not just some typographic boldface effect for appearance's sake. It should therefore only be used sparingly in articles, to highlight something being stressed (e.g., to represent strong vocal emphasis). Example: * "<code><nowiki>Contrary to reports, she was {{em|not}} dead after all.</nowiki></code>"<br />"Contrary to reports, she was {{em|not}} dead after all." It is also occasionally used for disambiguation, e.g. between two adjacent but different uses of the same word or homonym ("What it {{em|is}} is a kind of custard."), but this usage is not often encyclopedic and can (when not found in a direct quotation) usually be rewritten to avoid the awkward construction. ==When this template should not be used== Because {{tnull|em}} is strictly for semantic (meaningful) emphasis, it should not be used for layout, typography conventions (titles, foreign words, etc.), and other cases that are not true emphasis. In these different cases, italics wikicode <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> (which resolves to {{tag|i}} in the browser or other user agent) should be used instead (or special markup for a particular case, such as {{tlx|var|...}} or {{tag|var}} for variables in computer science and mathematics). It should also not be used when the text to which it is applied is already italicized for some other reason (e.g., it is part of a book title); in such cases use {{tlx|strong}} instead. Usually avoid using {{tnull|em}} in non-quoted sentences that end in an exclamation point. And it is usually excessive to use it on terms that are already wikilinked, since the link markup acts as a form of emphasis itself. *"''The New York Times'' is an American daily newspaper." This example should use <code><nowiki>''The New York Times''</nowiki></code>. == See also == * {{tlx|Strong}} – for bold rather than italic semantic emphasis * {{tlx|Strongbad}} – same but red * {{tlx|Stronggood}} – same but green {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> d1t2wexhaf868e0h06gotf5b9m7t2cq 10 11040 84107 2022-05-19T06:44:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hatnote inline/invoke wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Hatnote inline|hatnote}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|content=This is an includeonly part of [[Template:Hatnote inline]].}}</noinclude> m1z1xbnw86i1o2sdaq1aetcb7vbbg8j 10 11041 84108 2022-05-19T06:44:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Kbd wikitext text/x-wiki <kbd {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="background:#EEEEEE; {{#if:{{{spacing|}}}| padding-left:{{{padding|0.2em}}}; padding-right:{{{padding|0.2em}}};| letter-spacing:0.05em; padding-left:0.25em; padding-right:0.2em;}}{{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</kbd><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> dinvq5vkzib8mc4zncwrcih3f6hggtj 10 11042 84109 2022-05-19T06:45:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Kbd/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{See also|Template:Key press}} <!-- Categories at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> == Purpose == This template is for explicitly indicating that the content inside it represents input from a keyboard or other source (speech recognition software, [[standard input]], etc.) It uses the &#91;[[XHTML|X]]&#93;[[HTML]] element {{tag|kbd}} (''keyboard input'') which exists for this purpose, and applies some styling to it, namely a faint grey background (borrowed from the related template {{tlx|key press}}) and slight [[Cascading style sheets|CSS]] letter-spacing to suggest individually entered characters. It retains the default monospaced (non-proportional) font style of the {{tag|kbd|open}} element. Because it uses {{tag|kbd}} instead of simply applying visual style effects, it is [[semantic markup]] that conveys meaning, and it can be further acted upon by the user agent (e.g. with custom local style sheets). This tag is the exact opposite of {{tlx|samp}}, which is for example output. == Usage == The template takes one mandatory parameter, the content to be marked up. If this content contains "=" (an equals sign), the parameter {{em|must}} be explicitly named {{para|1}}, or the template will fail. (This is a limitation of the MediaWiki software, not the template.) It is always safer to use {{para|1}} syntax. It may be used as a container for {{tlx|var}}, {{tlx|varserif}} or {{tag|var}} when the example keyboard input contains or consists entirely of a variable. It may also be used with (but not inside) {{tlx|code}}, or with {{tag|code}} (it generally should not be used inside the latter, as input is not a part of source code, but something that interacts with it; however, this style can be used to illustrate computer display of mixed type, as illustrated below). There is an optional parameter {{para|spacing=no}} (or {{para|spacing=n}} or any other value), to get rid of the slight letter spacing, which can look awkward on long passages of input. Examples: * {{tnull|kbd|71077345}}: "Entering {{kbd|71077345}} on a calculator and turning it upside down appears to spell ''[[Shell plc|ShellOil]]''." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}} with {{tnull|samp|%}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must enter {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}} with {{tnull|samp|%}} and {{tnull|key press|Enter}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must input {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}{{key press|Enter}}." * Inside {{tag|code}}: "The commandline should read: <code>% {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}</code> (where {{var|hostname}} is the IP address or domain name of the system to connect to); if this is correct, press {{key press|Enter}}." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}<nowiki>{{lorem ipsum span}}</nowiki>|spacing{{=}}0}} to get rid of the spacing: {{kbd|1={{lorem ipsum span}}|spacing=0}} <!--The section below only makes sense if you remember that when /doc pages are included into the template page they belong to, their background is light green! -->Some of these examples may look slightly different outside this documentation, because the default background color varies by page type (articles are stark white, template documentation pale green, most other pages very pale grey). In-article example: <div style="background:#FFFFFF;"> * {{tnull|kbd|71077345}}: "Entering {{kbd|71077345}} on a calculator and turning it upside down appears to spell ''[[Shell plc|ShellOil]]''." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}} with {{tnull|samp|%}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must enter {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}} with {{tnull|samp|%}} and {{tnull|key press|Enter}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must input {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}{{key press|Enter}}." * Inside {{tag|code}}: "The commandline should read: <code>% {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}</code> (where {{var|hostname}} is the IP address or domain name of the system to connect to); if this is correct, press {{key press|Enter}}." * {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}<nowiki>{{lorem ipsum span}}</nowiki>|spacing{{=}}0}} to get rid of the spacing: {{kbd|1={{lorem ipsum span}}|spacing=0}} </div><!-- The section above only makes sense if you remember that when /doc pages are included into the template page they belong to, their background is light green! --> {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> i41s54qnxjswk4oik9enhyvoea5ss3p 828 11043 84110 2022-05-19T06:46:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote inline Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote-inline -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote-style links, and links to related articles, -- -- but inside a <span>, instead of the <div> used by Module:Hatnote. It -- -- implements the {{hatnote-inline}} meta-template. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.hatnoteInline (frame) local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) local hatnote = mHatnote.hatnote(frame) if args.inline == nil or yesno(args.inline, true) then local subs = { ['<div'] = '<span', ['</div>$'] = '</span>' } for k, v in pairs(subs) do hatnote = string.gsub(hatnote, k, v, 1) end end return hatnote end p.hatnote = p.hatnoteInline --alias return p l554flg5d2t1sutmtebw5fm5ci74hi3 828 11044 84111 2022-05-19T06:46:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Hatnote inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|release|note=Could be merged into Module:Hatnote, if templates that invoke it called a particular function.}} {{Lua|Module:Hatnote|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} This module produces hatnote-style notes ≠ [[WP:SELFREF|self-references and notes-to-reader]] – usually to related articles or a section/anchor at the same page. It does this inside a {{tag|span}}, instead of the {{tag|div}} used by Module:Hatnote. It implements the {{tlx|hatnote inline}} meta-template. == Usage == &#123;{#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''hatnote''|''text''}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Hatnote modules| ]] }}</includeonly> 6c9k8j8pualmzmh1qq0vfhrnebskami 10 11045 84112 2022-05-19T06:47:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Markup wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{| style="width:{{{width|auto}}}; margin-top:0;margin-left:{{{margin-left|{{{margin|0}}}}}}; border-width:medium; padding:0; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{title|}}} |{{!}}+ '''{{{title}}}'''}} {{#if:{{{noheaders|}}}{{{notitle|}}} | |! scope="col" style="{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col1headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col1|{{{t1|Markup}}}}}} {{!!}}<!-- -->scope="col" style="{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col2headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col2|{{{t2|Renders as}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{for loop||call=format item|pc1n=template|pc1v=Markup/row|pc2n=c1style|pc2v={{{col1style|{{{codestyle|{{{markupstyle|}}}}}}}}}|pc3n=c2style|pc3v={{{col2style|{{{outputstyle|}}}}}}|pv=item|{{item|c1={{{1|}}}|c2={{{2|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{3|}}}|c2={{{4|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{5|}}}|c2={{{6|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{7|}}}|c2={{{8|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{9|}}}|c2={{{10|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{11|}}}|c2={{{12|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{13|}}}|c2={{{14|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{15|}}}|c2={{{16|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{17|}}}|c2={{{18|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{19|}}}|c2={{{20|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{21|}}}|c2={{{22|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{23|}}}|c2={{{24|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{25|}}}|c2={{{26|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{27|}}}|c2={{{28|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{29|}}}|c2={{{30|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{31|}}}|c2={{{32|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{33|}}}|c2={{{34|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{35|}}}|c2={{{36|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{37|}}}|c2={{{38|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{39|}}}|c2={{{40|}}}}}}} |- |style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"| |style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"| |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qkp07eio2xc6iw8zzcbhevkjsc603h9 10 11046 84113 2022-05-19T06:47:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Markup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please. --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} This template is used to present markup or code side by side with the output it renders. ==Usage== Each pair of {{tl|Markup}}'s arguments should be two copies of some [[wikitext]] markup, with the first of the pair enclosed in {{xtag|nowiki}} tags. The template produces output in two columns, the first showing the markup and the second showing how it is rendered. The template accepts up to 40 unnamed parameters, resulting in up to 20 rows of examples. This: <pre> {{markup|&lt;nowiki>'''Bold text'''&lt;/nowiki>|'''Bold text'''}} </pre> Produces this: {{markup|<nowiki>'''Bold text'''</nowiki>|'''Bold text'''}} In many cases, the markup for both columns are identical, but there are instances where this may need to differ. If none of these issues apply, then you may use {{tlx|mra}} to save yourself from copying the code twice. * Header markup such as {{code|1===}} will show in the page table of contents; to avoid this, use {{tlx|fake heading}} in the markup for the second column (see example [[#A complex example|below]]). * Some templates will place the page in a maintenance category, which is usually undesired. For example. ** Instead of {{tlx|citation needed}}, use {{tlx|fake citation needed}} in the second column. * Some templates may have error checking that places the page in a maintenance category. ** <s>{{cs1}} templates with errors: add {{para|template doc demo|true}} to the template in the second column.</s> ** To avoid this and the associated red error messages make sure that each example on the page uses different sources. * HTML entities are parsed in the first cell, even with {{xtag|nowiki}} tags. To work around this, replace the <code>&</code> with <code>&amp;amp;</code> in the first column (see example [[#With HTML entities|below]]). It is advisable to begin both copies of the markup with a [[newline]]; this is necessary if the first line of the markup must start on a new line (such as #, * or ;). ==Examples== ===Multiple rows=== {{markup |<nowiki>'''Bold text'''</nowiki>|'''Bold text''' |<nowiki>''Italic text''</nowiki>|''Italic text'' |<nowiki>[[Internal link]]</nowiki>|[[Internal link]] |<nowiki> {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} </nowiki>| {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} |<nowiki> <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> </nowiki>| <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> }} ===With custom title and column headers=== {{Markup | title=How to write about foxes and dogs in Wikipedia. |t1=Write this in wikitext|t2=and this will appear in the article. | The quick brown [[fox]] jumps over the lazy [[dog]]. | The quick brown [[fox]] jumps over the lazy [[dog]]. }} ===A complex example=== In this example, {{tl2|Markup}}'s second argument here uses {{tl2|fake heading}} (to avoid headings appearing in the table of contents) and {{tl2|fake citation needed}} (to avoid adding this page to the maintenance list). {{Markup | <nowiki>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{#tag:ref|A footnote.<ref>A reference for the footnote.</ref>|group=nb}} The cow jumped over the moon.{{fact}} == Notes == {{reflist|group=nb}} == References == {{reflist}} </nowiki> | The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{#tag:ref|A footnote.<ref>A reference for the footnote.</ref>|group=nb}} The cow jumped over the moon.{{fake citation needed}} {{fake heading|sub=2|Notes}} {{reflist|group=nb}} {{fake heading|sub=2|References}} {{reflist|close}} }} ===With HTML entities=== HTML entities are parsed in the markup cell. To work around this, replace the <code>&</code> with <code>&amp;amp;</code> in the first column. {{Markup| <nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki> | &ndash;}} ===More examples=== {{Markup|<nowiki> {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} </nowiki>| {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} |<nowiki> {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} </nowiki>| {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} }} ==Typing aid: template {{tl|mra}}== {{tl|mra}} will duplicate the source text automatically, saving you the trouble of copying the text and adding {{xtag|nowiki}} tags to the first case. This: <pre>{{subst:mra|'''Bold text'''|''Italic text''}}</pre> Will produce this: <pre>{{markup| &lt;nowiki>'''Bold text'''</nowiki>|'''Bold text'''| &lt;nowiki>''Italic text''</nowiki>|''Italic text''}}</pre> Which renders as: {{markup| <nowiki>'''Bold text'''</nowiki>|'''Bold text'''| <nowiki>''Italic text''</nowiki>|''Italic text''}} ==See also== * {{tl|Markup2}} for bulleted and indented markup. * {{tl|Markupv}} for the vertical presentation (above/below) of markup/code and its output. * {{tl|Automarkup}} does not require to write the code samples twice. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": " ", "paramOrder": [ "margin-left", "width", "style", "noheaders", "title", "colheaderstyle", "col1headerstyle", "col1", "col2headerstyle", "col2", "codestyle", "outputstyle", "1", "2", "3", "4", "39", "40" ], "params": { "1": { "description": "row 1, first column (markup/code)'s content.", "type": "string" }, "2": { "description": "row 1, second column (output)'s content.", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "row 2, first column's content (etc).", "type": "string" }, "4": { "description": "row 2, second column's content (etc).", "type": "string" }, "39": { "description": "First column's content in last possible row.", "type": "string" }, "40": { "description": "Second column's content in last possible row.", "type": "string" }, "width": { "description": "To set the table's overall width.", "type": "string", "default": "auto" }, "margin-left": { "description": "To set a margin on the table's lefthand side.", "type": "string", "default": "0" }, "style": { "description": "For CSS styles amending the table's overall appearance.", "type": "string" }, "title": { "description": "Title above table.", "type": "string" }, "noheaders": { "description": "Set (as e.g. noheaders=on) to suppress the columns' headings and table's title.", "type": "string" }, "col1": { "description": "First column (markup/code)'s heading.", "type": "string", "default": "\"Markup\"" }, "col2": { "description": "Second column (output)'s heading.", "type": "string", "default": "\"Renders as\"" }, "codestyle": { "description": "Use CSS style code to change the look of content in the Markup column.", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "markupstyle" ], "label": "Column 1 style", "example": "white-space: nowrap" }, "outputstyle": { "description": "Use CSS style code to change the look of content in the Renders-as column.", "type": "string", "label": "Column 2 style" }, "col1headerstyle": { "description": "For CSS styling to amend the appearance of the first column's heading. Overrides (but does not replace) colheaderstyle.", "type": "string" }, "col2headerstyle": { "description": "For CSS styling to amend the appearance of the second column's heading. Overrides (but does not replace) colheaderstyle.", "type": "string" }, "colheaderstyle": { "description": "For CSS styling to amend the appearance of each column's heading.", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please: --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Template test cases| ]] }}</includeonly> kmtp9ahlmubecuxt9z55irxz2a6z9at 10 11047 84114 2022-05-19T06:48:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!! wikitext text/x-wiki ||<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> o9jjx0pl1nk3xv3maqyewo5ud79pa5g 10 11048 84115 2022-05-19T06:48:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!!/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|250,000+}} This is an auxiliary [[Help:Template|template]] that allows one to encode "<code>||</code>" (two pipes or [[vertical bar]]s) within template parameters. If this does not need to be interpreted as wikitext (i.e. table cell separators), it is better to use "<code>&amp;#124;&amp;#124;</code>". However the "<code>||</code>" delimiter for a [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables|wikitable]] has to be [[:Category:Character-substitution templates|escaped by a template]] if it is used within a template. == Notes == There is usually no such problem with "<code>!!</code>" (exclamation marks). This problem only affects "<code>||</code>" (vertical bars) in conjunction with the [[m:Help:Parameter default]] mechanism within tables. However, in table rows starting with "<code>!</code>" there can be problems with "<code>!!</code>" being interpreted as a cell separator. Try replacing it with "<code>&amp;#33;&amp;#33;</code>". This template cannot be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]]. == Parameters == <TemplateData>{ "description": "Escapes double pipe characters within template parameters", "params": {} }</TemplateData> == See also == {{Escape template list}} *[[m:Help:Template#A parameter value containing a pipe character]] *[[Help:Conditional tables]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Templates with partial table wikitext]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> 9nnksyo6jocwlzjry1r64zgy1yphb86 10 11049 84116 2022-05-19T06:49:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cs1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Help:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]]<noinclude> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] </noinclude> 3gpz7ptxi5prfsj5lb0kawozsw3dsyw 10 11050 84117 2022-05-19T06:49:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:For loop wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:For loop|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 26pm0milru0ru69zbzxe1y37xwy9bg7 10 11051 84118 2022-05-19T06:49:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:For loop/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|35,000}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{lua|Module:For loop}} This template implements a [[for loop]] or a [[foreach loop]]. This template calls a user-specified template (the "called template") multiple times: once for each value in either 1) an iterated sequence or 2) an explicit list. Each value in the sequence or list is passed to the same specified parameter of the called template (the "variable parameter"). Optionally, pre- and postfixes can be attached to the passed values. In addition to the specified variable parameter, other parameters of the called template ("static parameters") can be given a value which is the same in each iteration. == Usage == {| class="wikitable" ! Group !! Parameter !! Meaning !! Default value |- ! scope=row rowspan=3 | Mandatory | '''1 (unnamed)''' || separator to output between calls (may be blank; whitespace is preserved) || |- | '''call''' || template to call || |- | '''pv''' || name (or number) of the variable parameter of the called template || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=3 | Option 1:<br/>iterated sequence | '''start''' || first numeric value to pass to variable parameter || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- | '''stop''' || maximum numeric value for variable parameter || |- | '''by''' || iteration step size between values passed to variable parameter || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=2 | Option 2:<br/>explicit values | '''(unnamed parameters)''' || | explicit values, given as separate parameters (whitespace is stripped) || |- | '''skipBlanks''' || set to "true" to skip empty parameter values || style="text-align: center" | false |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=5 | Other optional<br/>parameters | '''pc[N]n''' || name (or number) of the Nth static parameter of the called template || |- | '''pc[N]v''' || value for the Nth static parameter of the called template || |- | '''prefix''' || static prefix prepended to each value passed to the variable parameter || |- | '''postfix''' || static postfix appended to each value passed to the variable parameter || |- | '''substall''' || set to "false" to not substitute the called template when {{tl|for loop}} is substituted || style="text-align: center" | true |} ''Either'' option 1 (iteration parameters) ''or'' option 2 (an explicit list of values) may be used, but not both. The first unnamed parameter, prior to any explicit values, is a separator. The separator is a string that is output ''between'' calls to the template named in <code>|call=</code>. It is not output after the last call. === Caution === *The separator can be prefixed with "1=", but in that case it cannot contain newlines and spaces at the start and end. *If any parameter value contains an equals sign, use {{tlx|{{=}}}} (see [[Help:Template#Usage hints and workarounds|Template Usage hints and workarounds]]). *If you use numbered parameters, note that the first value is parameter 2 (e.g. <code>|2=Your1stValue</code>), because parameter 1 is the separator. *If you use numbered parameters, you must not skip any numbers. The loop will terminate after the first absent numbered parameter. (Parameters can be blank, but not absent.) === Substitution === The current Lua-based template supports [[WP:SUBST|substitution]]. If {{para|substall|no}} is not specified, then substituting the template will substitute everything, including the call to the template passed in {{para|call}}. If it is specified, then the template substitutes into a sequence of calls to the template specified. Example: {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call{{=}}1x}} -> <code><nowiki>01sep 02sep 03sep 04sep 05sep 06sep 07</nowiki></code>, {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call={{1x}}|substall{{=}}no}} -> <code><nowiki>{{1x|01}}sep {{1x|02}}sep {{1x|03}}sep {{1x|04}}sep {{1x|05}}sep {{1x|06}}sep {{1x|07}}</nowiki></code> For full substitution [[Special:ExpandTemplates]] can also be used. == Examples == {| class="wikitable", border=1 !Form !Code !Explanation !Result |- ! scope=row | Iterator | <pre>{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }}</pre> | Call the template "spanbox" with values: *font size = "[N]px", where N takes values starting with 10 and increasing by 8 while remaining less than or equal to 52 *1 (first unnamed parameter) = "A" *background = "yellow" Separating outputs with "&" |{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }} |- ! scope=row | Explicit values |<pre>{{for loop|, |call=1x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09 |10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19 |20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29 |30|31|32|33|34|35|36|37|38|39 |40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49 |50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59 |60|61|62|63|64|65|66|67|68|69 |70|71|72|73|74|75|76|77|78|79 |80|81|82|83|84|85|86|87|88|89 |90|91|92|93|94|95|96|97|98|99 }}</pre> | Call the template "1x" with values "1[NN]", where NN = "00" through "99" (given explicitly), separating the outputs with the string ", " |{{for loop|, |call=1x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09 |10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19 |20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29 |30|31|32|33|34|35|36|37|38|39 |40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49 |50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59 |60|61|62|63|64|65|66|67|68|69 |70|71|72|73|74|75|76|77|78|79 |80|81|82|83|84|85|86|87|88|89 |90|91|92|93|94|95|96|97|98|99 }} |} === Other examples with explicit values === <code><nowiki>{{for loop|-|a|3||c|g|call=3x}}</nowiki></code> using {{tiw|3x}} gives {{for loop|-|a|3||c|g|call=3x}} <code><nowiki>{{for loop|</nowiki></code> <code><nowiki>|a|3||c|g|call=3x}}</nowiki></code> gives {{for loop| |a|3||c|g|call=3x}} <pre> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Test |- | {{for loop| {{!}}- {{!}} |a|b|c|d|e|call=3x}} |} </pre> gives: {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Test |- | {{for loop| {{!}}- {{!}} |a|b|c|d|e|call=3x}} |} <pre> {{for loop| |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19 |20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|32|33|34|35|36|37|38|39 |40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49|50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59 |60|61|62|63|64|65|66|67|68|69|70|71|72|73|74|75|76|77|78|79 |80|81|82|83|84|85|86|87|88|89|90|91|92|93|94|95|96|97|98|99 |100|101|102|103|104|105|106|107|108|109|110|111|112|113|114|115|116|117|118|119 |120|121|122|123|124|125|126|127|128|129|130|131|132|133|134|135|136|137|138|139 |140|141|142|143|144|145|146|147|148|149|150|151|152|153|154|call=1x}} </pre> gives: {{for loop| |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19 |20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|32|33|34|35|36|37|38|39 |40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49|50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59 |60|61|62|63|64|65|66|67|68|69|70|71|72|73|74|75|76|77|78|79 |80|81|82|83|84|85|86|87|88|89|90|91|92|93|94|95|96|97|98|99 |100|101|102|103|104|105|106|107|108|109|110|111|112|113|114|115|116|117|118|119 |120|121|122|123|124|125|126|127|128|129|130|131|132|133|134|135|136|137|138|139 |140|141|142|143|144|145|146|147|148|149|150|151|152|153|154|call=1x}} <pre> begin->{{for loop|{{=}} |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10 |11{{=}}{{=}}{{=}}|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|call=1x}}<-end </pre> gives: begin->{{for loop|{{=}} |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10 |11{{=}}{{=}}{{=}}|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|call=1x}}<-end == Notes about legacy code == This template is currently in its third incarnation. It now uses the [[WP:Lua|Lua]] code at [[Module:For loop]]. It was ported to Lua from [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]]. There was also a previous version with a named "sep" parameter to specify the separator value. The template was originally based on [[m:Template:For|Template:For on meta]]. The template name was changed because there was already a [[Template:For|Template:For on Wikipedia]]. The old versions were limited to 150 variable values and four fixed parameters. There are no such limits in the current version. Also, in the first version the "sep" parameter didn't allow whitespace in the separator value. This was fixed with the second version and was retained in the current version. == See also == *[[mw:Template:Fe]] *[[mw:Template:foreach]] *{{tim|tblb}} *{{tiw|for nowiki}} *{{tiw|item}} *{{tiw|loop}} *{{tiw|simple recursion}} *[[Help:Parameter default]] *[[Help:Array]] *[[mw:Extension:LoopFunctions]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> qskos8xk5hpalyh5negqpvlm32arlpc 828 11052 84119 2022-05-19T06:50:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:For loop Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "", true) or not mw.isSubsting() local variableParam = args.pv variableParam = tonumber(variableParam) or variableParam or 1 -- fix for positional parameters local variableValPrefix = args.prefix or '' local variableValPostfix = args.postfix or '' local sep = args[1] or '' local constantArgs = p.getConstants(args) local variableVals = p.getVariableVals(args) local result = '' local addSeparator = false; for _, v in ipairs(variableVals) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if #v > 0 or not yesno(args.skipBlanks) then if addSeparator then result = result .. sep end addSeparator = true; local targs = constantArgs targs[variableParam] = variableValPrefix .. v .. variableValPostfix if calltemplates then local output = p.callTemplate(template, targs) if #mw.text.trim(output) == 0 then addSeparator = false end result = result .. output else local makeTemplate = require('Module:Template invocation').invocation result = result .. makeTemplate(template, targs) end end end return result end function p.getConstants(args) local constantArgNums = p.getArgNums(args, 'pc', 'n') local constantArgs = {} for _, num in ipairs(constantArgNums) do local keyArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'n' local valArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'v' local key = args[keyArg] key = tonumber(key) or key local value = args[valArg] constantArgs[key] = value end return constantArgs end function p.getVariableVals(args) local variableVals = {} if args.start or args.stop or args.by then if args[2] then error("Both start/stop/by and numbered parameters specified") end local start = tonumber(args.start or 1) local stop = tonumber(args.stop or 1) local by = tonumber(args.by or 1) for i = start, stop, by do variableVals [#variableVals + 1] = i end else for i, v in ipairs(args) do if i ~= 1 then variableVals[i - 1] = v end end end return variableVals end function p.getArgNums(args, prefix, suffix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix and suffix. local nums = {} local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' for k, _ in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match(pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end function p.callTemplate(template, targs) return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = template, args = targs} end return p 97htb8pbha3ivt9w9d0odbcxo0moteq 828 11053 84120 2022-05-19T06:50:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:For loop/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|release}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use|39469}} This module implements {{lt|For loop}}. Please see the template page for documentation. ebtko2bmsan51b7t5wui1n17698gsjm 10 11054 84121 2022-05-19T06:52:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Module other/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|ns828}} This is the {{tl|module other}} meta-template. This template helps other templates detect if they are on a "Module:" page or some "other" type of page. === Usage === This template usually takes two parameters, like this: <pre> {{module other | Module page text | Other pages text }} </pre> If the template is on a "Module:" page, it will return this: :{{module other | demospace=module | Module page text | Other pages text }} If the template is on any other page, it will return this: :{{module other | Module page text | Other pages text }} A typical usage case could be to make it so that a template only adds a category when on module pages. Thus not adding other pages that just show the template. Like this: <pre> {{module other | [[Category:Some module category]] }} </pre> Or to warn that a template should not be used on other pages: <pre> {{module other | | This template should only be used on module pages. }} </pre> Note that in the first case above the "other" parameter was not used, and in the second example the "module" parameter was left empty. === Demospace === For testing and demonstration purposes this template can take a parameter named '''demospace'''. * If it has the value '''module''' it returns the module page text. * It if has the value '''other''' or any other value such as the name of some other namespace it returns the other pages text. * If the parameter is empty or undefined, the actual page type determines the result. Like this: <pre> {{module other | Module page text | Other pages text | demospace = module }} </pre> No matter on what kind of page the code above is used it will return this: :{{module other | Module page text | Other pages text | demospace = module }} You can make it so your template also understands the '''demospace''' parameter. That means you can demonstrate the different appearances of your template in the documentation for your template. Then do like this: <pre> {{module other | Module page text | Other pages text | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} }} </pre> === Technical details === This template detects "Module talk:" pages as type '''other'''. This template works like {{tl|main talk other}}, for more examples and technical details see full documentation there. {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] [[Category:Module namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> ho67ggxunbh79j4tt33s5sibdu0jhyl 10 11055 84122 2022-05-19T06:52:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TOC right wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:TOC_right/styles.css" />{{#if:{{{limit|}}}|<templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />}}<!-- --><div class="tocright {{#if:{{{clear|}}}|tocright-clear-{{{clear|}}}}} {{#if:{{{limit|}}}|toclimit-{{{limit}}}}}" {{#if:{{{width|{{{1|}}}}}}|style="width: {{{width|{{{1}}}}}};"}}>__TOC__</div><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> c4e02p31ryrtcft9ifp0hvckhrtpc6h 10 11056 84123 2022-05-19T06:53:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TOC right/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{High-use| 34448 }} {{TOC right}} {{tsh|tocright|TOCright}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:TOC limit/styles.css|Template:TOC right/styles.css}} {{tl|TOC right}} forces the auto-generated Table of Contents for an article to appear floated to the right side of the page, in order to improve article layout. ==Usage== Insert <code>&#123;&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}&#125;&#125;</code> at the point in the article where you want the top of the Table of Contents box to appear. This should usually be after the text of the lead section, and just before the first section heading, in accordance with [[MOS:LEADELEMENTS]]. Use with {{tl|-}} or {{tl|clear}} to prevent collision with text; use the '''clear''' parameter (see below) to prevent collision with images. * Avoid placing the TOC in a visually poor location. Crossing a section division is probably a poor idea. ;width: Set the CSS width. ;limit: Limits the depth of subheadings shown. For instance using <code>limit=4</code> will hide the fourth level and deeper subheadings in the hierarchy. And <code>limit=2</code> will hide all subheadings leaving only the main headings. This works by hiding the lower levels with CSS. See [[Template:TOC limit/styles.css]]. Do not place this template so that the TOC aligns with a large image or infobox; this breaks the layout on narrow screens (even users with screens as wide as 1024px wide can have problems). Also, a TOC that crosses a section division is probably a poor idea, if that can be avoided. Unless the section in which the {{tl|TOC right}} is placed is long enough, the result may well be undesirable. It should only be used in cases where the TOC gets in the way of other content or is detrimental to the layout of the page; it should ''not'' simply be used for aesthetics since it tampers with the standard appearance of articles. See [[Help:Section#Floating the TOC]] for further guidelines. <templatedata> { "params": { "limit": { "label": "Limit", "description": "Limits the depth of subheadings shown. For instance using limit=4 will hide the fourth level and deeper subheadings in the hierarchy. And limit=2 will hide all subheadings leaving only the main headings. This works by hiding the lower levels with CSS", "type": "number" }, "clear": { "label": "Clear", "description": "Sets the CSS clear property, which forces this float underneath the side specified with this attribute. So, clear=right (which is the default) will place the element after all the right floating elements before it. Options are left, right, both, or none.", "type": "string" }, "width": { "aliases": [ "1" ], "label": "Width", "description": "Overrides the CSS width" } }, "description": "{{TOC right}} forces the auto-generated \"Table of Contents\" for an article to appear floated to the right side of the page (as seen right), in order to improve article layout.", "paramOrder": [ "clear", "limit", "width" ], "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==See also== * {{Lts|TOC left}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Toc Right}} [[Category:Wikipedia table of contents templates]] }}</includeonly> fyu1imt4cj7g3n13w29gwda6qxn0c2a 10 11057 84124 2022-05-19T06:53:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TOC right/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* The TOC is hidden on Minerva (mobile skin) for width < 720px so must also hide this wrapper */ @media all and (max-width: 720px) { body.skin-minerva .tocright { display: none; } .tocright { width: 100% !important; /* fix the inline width while at small resolution */ } } @media all and (min-width: 720px) { .tocright { float: right; clear: right; width: auto; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; } .tocright-clear-left { clear: left; } .tocright-clear-both { clear: both; } .tocright-clear-none { clear: none; } } b8t080g4nich9mcbndnx1on53t4ivrv 10 11058 84125 2022-05-19T06:53:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Item wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|pack}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 4yxtdqre2hvr0k40m6udmgyrmmjsq51 10 11059 84126 2022-05-19T06:54:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Item}} This template packs structured data into a compact item, which can be passed as a parameter to another template. This allows to pass multiple structured items to that template, which can iterate over the items and extract data from them. == Usage == The structured data item contains all parameters (both numbered ones and named ones) passed to the {{tl|Item}} template. For example, <code>{{tlp|Item|Alice|Bob|best{{=}}Eve}}</code> creates an item with components {{code|1{{=}}Alice}}, {{code|2{{=}}Bob}}, {{code|best{{=}}Eve}}. Multiple items will be passed to an example recipient template {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} like this: {{Automarkup|1= {{((}}User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets{{!}}owner=Bob {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{!}}legs=4{{))}} {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Jerry{{!}}animal=mouse{{!}}legs=4{{))}} {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tweety{{!}}animal=bird{{!}}legs=2{{))}} {{))}} }} == Constructs available to recipient templates == === Get a component of an item === See [[Template:Component]]. === Format an item using a template === See [[Template:Format item]]. === Format each item using a template === In the recipient template, use: {{((}}#invoke:Item|each|template=''TransformationTemplate''|''Separator''|''Prefix''|''Suffix''|...}} This transforms all items using a given template. <code>''TransformationTemplate''</code> is called for each item with the parameters that the item has been created with, plus any additional parameters passed to {{code|#invoke}} (see {{tl|Format item}} for details). The transformed items are separated with <code>''Separator''</code> and surrounded with <code>''Prefix''</code> and <code>''Suffix''</code> (whitespace is not stripped from these three optional parameters). The template {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} from the example produces the list of pets using the following code (note the use of newline as a <code>''Separator''</code> and {{code|*}} as a <code>''Prefix''</code> to produce list items): {{((}}#invoke:Item|each|template=[[Template:Show pet|Show pet]]| |*}} === Gather given parameter from all items === In the recipient template, use <code>{{((}}#invoke:Item|gather|parameter=''ParameterName''|template=''TransformationTemplate''}}</code> to gather the given parameter from all items. <code>''TransformationTemplate''</code> will be called ''once'' and the gathered parameters (one parameter from each item) will be passed to it. The template {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} from the example produces the total number of legs using <code>{{((}}#invoke:Item|gather|parameter=legs|template=[[Template:Sum|Sum]]}}</code>. == See also == * {{tl|For loop}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> g2d16r47li3108kkiez9lwruai3iyyx 10 11060 84127 2022-05-19T06:54:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:(( wikitext text/x-wiki {{<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7ddca00qmssfls0dctzbj32xy1q28ir 10 11061 84128 2022-05-19T06:55:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Automarkup wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki />{{#invoke:Automarkup|main}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 7yrynnq9p50hbc0cfk0k6xalc0pncxu 828 11062 84129 2022-05-19T06:55:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Automarkup Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local templateArgs = { } for key, value in pairs(args) do if type(key) == "number" then templateArgs[2 * key - 1] = value templateArgs[2 * key] = frame:preprocess(value) else templateArgs[key] = value end end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = "Markup", args = templateArgs } end return p k5flzxn4i6ep1niu8kh9qpw1ta2rr3d 828 11063 84130 2022-05-19T06:55:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Automarkup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki Implements {{tl|Automarkup}}. == See also == * [[Template:Demo]] which uses [[Module:Demo]] * [[Template:Nowiki template demo]] which uses [[Module:Template test case]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 53dvf8lzim06rllmmjjs7fjt4q1o4na 828 11064 84131 2022-05-19T06:56:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Item Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function escape(str) return str:gsub("[|\\]", function (c) return string.format("\\%03d", c:byte()) end) end local function unescape(str) return str:gsub("\\(%d%d%d)", function (d) return string.char(d) end) end -- Implements [[Template:Item]] function p.pack(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local result = '' for key, value in pairs(parent.args) do result = result .. "|" .. escape(tostring(key)) .. "|" .. escape(value) end return result .. "|"; end local function unpack(str) local result = { } for key, value in str:gfind("|([^|]*)|([^|]*)") do result[unescape(key)] = unescape(value) end return result end -- Implements [[Template:Component]] function p.component(frame) return unpack(frame.args[1])[frame.args[2]] end local function getItems(frame) return frame:getParent().args end local function invert(tbl) local result = { } for key, value in pairs(tbl) do result[value] = key end return result end -- Add args into item as appropriate (see [[Template:Format item]]) local function addArgs( item, -- unpacked item to modify args, -- arguments for adding into item ignore, -- pass in invert{keys to ignore} shift -- for numbered arguments, args[key+shift] is assigned to item[key] -- returns: item ) for key, value in pairs(args) do if not ignore[key] then local _, _, paramKey = string.find(key, "^param (.*)") local _, _, importantKey = string.find(key, "^important (.*)") paramKey = paramKey or importantKey or key if shift and type(paramKey) == "number" then paramKey = paramKey - shift if paramKey < 1 then paramKey = nil end end if paramKey and (importantKey or item[paramKey] == nil) then item[paramKey] = value end end end return item end -- Implements [[Template:Format item]] function p.format(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local ignore = invert{ "template", "item" } local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(args.item), args, ignore) return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end -- See [[Template:Item#Format each item using a template]] function p.each(frame) local args = frame.args local items = getItems(frame) local separator = args[1] or "" local prepend = args[2] or "" local append = args[3] or "" local ignore = invert{ "template" } local shift = 3 local result = "" for i, item in ipairs(items) do local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(item), args, ignore, shift) result = result .. prepend .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } .. append if items[i + 1] then result = result .. separator end end return result end -- See [[Template:Item#Gather given parameter from all items]] function p.gather(frame) local args = frame.args local items = getItems(frame) local parameter = args.parameter or "1" local templateArgs = { } for i, item in ipairs(items) do templateArgs[i] = unpack(item)[parameter] end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end return p 8a56kjxfu3plv66z6z732hkase6suqc 828 11065 84132 2022-05-19T06:56:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Item/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This template implements {{tl|Item}}, {{tl|Component}} and {{tl|Format item}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 6wvnmyn4bi0m3lqt4fsa4x17b4jkwmh 10 11066 84133 2022-05-19T06:57:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Format item wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|format}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 1megg2u367ueqv830p62lg0r5u64yqk 10 11067 84134 2022-05-19T06:57:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:)) wikitext text/x-wiki }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fmm8htexq13hwrjrvzcsiy59gv65l36 10 11068 84135 2022-05-19T06:57:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Markup/row wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| style="border-width:medium;"</noinclude><includeonly>{{#if:{{{c1|value}}}|&#32; {{!-}} {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa ; border:1px solid #eaecf0 ; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"{{!}} <!-- -->{{#tag:pre |{{{c1|[markup]}}}|style="margin:0;border:none;padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap;white-space:-o-pre-wrap;white-space:-pre-wrap;white-space:pre-wrap; {{{c1style|}}}"}} {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa ; border:1px solid #eaecf0 ; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"{{!}} <!-- --><div style="{{{c2style|}}}"> {{{c2|[''rendering'']}}} </div> }}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude> |- |style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:text-top;"| |style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:text-top;"| |- |}</noinclude> 4gosvs5o59u2ihezwpqo5kg1wttioqx 10 11069 84136 2022-05-19T06:58:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!- wikitext text/x-wiki |-<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2zsavivng30v2w46mrxq9i40e1wnnr8 10 11070 84137 2022-05-19T07:00:24Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link with parameters]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link with parameters]] {{R from move}} 6l74hww4lk18kiq6ytyy69dsjvrnwju 10 11071 84138 2022-05-19T07:01:08Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link universal]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link universal]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} nzv89op3qvdvw5gdl6t34bdtinpv9yv 10 11072 84139 2022-05-19T07:01:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#if:{{{subst|}}}| [[WP:SUBST|subst]]:|}}[[{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}| &#124;{{{2}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}| &#124;{{{3}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}| &#124;{{{4}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}| &#124;{{{5}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}| &#124;{{{6}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}| &#124;{{{7}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}| &#124;{{{8}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}| &#124;{{{9}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}| &#124;{{{10}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}| &#124;{{{11}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}| &#124;''...'' }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc page, not here, thanks --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 30ovkveb7p8ndyenifstivsiipoqr05 10 11073 84140 2022-05-19T07:02:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}{{Template shortcut|Tlu|Tu}} {{high-use|16847}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == Usage == {{tlc|tlu|fullpagename}} {|class="wikitable" | {{tlc|tlu|User:Example/Talk message}} || {{tlu|User:Example/Talk message}} |- | {{tlc|tlu|Template_talk:tlu}} || {{tlu|Template_talk:tlu}} |- | {{tlc|tlu|Template talk:tlu|param}} || {{tlu|Template talk:tlu|param}} |- | {{tlc|tlu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>10}} || {{tlu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9{{=}}10}} |- | {{tlc|tlu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>10<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>more}} || {{tlu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9{{=}}10{{=}}more}} |- | {{tlc|tlu|fullpagename|param<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>value}} || {{tlu|fullpagename|param{{=}}value}} |} ''Up to 10 placeholders for parameters of the specified template'' This template is nearly identical to [[Template:Tl]], except that it is intended for all [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] transclusions, and you can include parameters—as long as you use {{tlg|&#61;}} signs or {{code|&#61;}} in place of equal signs. For example, you can enter a subpage in your user space ({{tlu|User:Example/Talk message|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}}) or in a WikiProject ({{tlu|Wikipedia:WikiProject Songs/Unreferenced BLPs|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}}). == See also == *{{tl|tl}} for full documentation {{Tl-nav}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> gsssutlwh7jn7mjkxsz2rg2iv03kie2 10 11074 84141 2022-05-19T07:02:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with parameters wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|nowrap=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlp}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> gt546e9yvffjmbtpahxkuxy5pg9coua 10 11075 84142 2022-05-19T07:03:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Align wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc:{{{1|center}}}}} |left = <div style="float: left;{{#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |right = <div style="float: right;{{#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{2}}}</div> |center = {{center|{{{2}}}|style={{{style|}}} }} |#default = Error in [[Template:Align]]: the alignment setting "{{{1}}}" is invalid. }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1plbguw1t83gyc2qfl0bopluygsjpnw 10 11076 84143 2022-05-19T07:03:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Align/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|120520}} {{caution|'''Align Center does not function''' for [[WP:MOBILE|the mobile view and mobile applications]]. Be aware that more than half of the Wikipedia visitors are via mobile.}} This is a generic template for handling the horizontal alignment of elements on a page. Use the template like this: {{tlx|align|''position''|''content''}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" width="500px" |- | {{tlx|align|left|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{align|left|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{tlx|align|right|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{align|right|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{tlx|align|center|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{align|center|'''Hello world!'''}} |- |{{tlx|align|center|<nowiki>'''Hello world!'''|style=color:red</nowiki>}} produces this:<br/> {{align|center|'''Hello world!'''|style=color:red}} |} ==See also== * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|right}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|center block}} * {{tl|Image frame}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> 90p16w7g10hz09k0qvndapuvfa5ghi7 10 11077 84144 2022-05-19T07:04:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Error wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Error|error|{{{message|{{{1}}}}}}|tag={{{tag|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> axsripqkyjus55mon24y6efvuedy0d2 10 11078 84145 2022-05-19T07:04:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Error/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{high use}} {{lua|Module:Error}} This meta template returns a ''state of error'' (recognized as such by a wiki [[Help:Parser function|parser function]]), and optionally an ''error-message text'' in red (visible for the user). It is used by other templates to signal an error, for example invalid input, which can then either be displayed to the editor or caught and handled by other templates. == Usage == * {{tlx|error|An exemplary error}} → {{error|An exemplary error}} * {{tlx|error|message{{=}}An exemplary error}} → {{error|message=An exemplary error}} * Compare, used in a Parser Function: <code><nowiki>{{#expr:Foo}}</nowiki></code> → {{#expr:Foo}} * <code><nowiki>{{#iferror:{{error|Foo}} | {{y}} | {{n}} }}</nowiki></code> → {{#iferror:{{error|Foo}} | {{y}} | {{n}} }} === Tag option === The tag to contain the error message can be given through the <code>tag</code> parameter, but it will only accept <code>span</code>, <code>div</code>, <code>p</code>, and <code>strong</code>, since those are the only tags recognized by the {{pf|iferror}} parser function. It defaults to <code>strong</code>, the tag generated e.g. by {{pf|expr}}. To prevent <code>strong</code> message, use one of the other tags, e.g. <code>tag=span</code>. * ABC {{tlx|error|An exemplary error demo no tag (default)}} XYZ → ABC {{error|An exemplary error demo no tag (default)}} XYZ * ABC {{tlx|error|An exemplary error demo span|tag{{=}}span}} XYZ → ABC {{error|An exemplary error demo span|tag=span}} XYZ * ABC {{tlx|error|An exemplary error demo div|tag{{=}}div}} XYZ → ABC {{error|An exemplary error demo div|tag=div}} XYZ * ABC {{tlx|error|An exemplary error demo p|tag{{=}}p}} XYZ → ABC {{error|An exemplary error demo p|tag=p}} XYZ * ABC {{tlx|error|An exemplary error demo strong|tag{{=}}strong}} XYZ → ABC {{error|An exemplary error demo strong|tag=strong}} XYZ ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <TemplateData> { "description": "The template returns a state of error (recognized as such by a wiki parser function), and optionally an error-message text in red (visible for the user)", "params": { "1": { "label": "Message", "description": "Error message text in red", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": true }, "tag": { "label": "Tag", "description": "The tag to contain the error message; will only accept span, div, p, and strong, since those are the only tags recognized by the #iferror parser function. It defaults to strong, the tag generated e.g. by #expre", "type": "string", "default": "strong", "required": false } } } </TemplateData> ==See also== * {{tl|Error-small}} * {{tl|Formatting error}} * [[Help:Magic_words#Conditional|#iferror: parser function]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Error-message templates]] }}</includeonly> 3gubbmhoq6dck7u9dvuuf3sd66e8mp5 828 11079 84146 2022-05-19T07:04:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Error Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{error}}. local p = {} local function _error(args) local tag = mw.ustring.lower(tostring(args.tag)) -- Work out what html tag we should use. if not (tag == 'p' or tag == 'span' or tag == 'div') then tag = 'strong' end -- Generate the html. return tostring(mw.html.create(tag) :addClass('error') :wikitext(tostring(args.message or args[1] or error('no message specified', 2))) ) end function p.error(frame) local args if type(frame.args) == 'table' then -- We're being called via #invoke. The args are passed through to the module -- from the template page, so use the args that were passed into the template. args = frame.args else -- We're being called from another module or from the debug console, so assume -- the args are passed in directly. args = frame end -- if the message parameter is present but blank, change it to nil so that Lua will -- consider it false. if args.message == "" then args.message = nil end return _error(args) end return p swpvwjcdmj2mkkmx9f7rbsdrfsnmirh 828 11080 84147 2022-05-19T07:05:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Error/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{module rating|protected}} This module creates an html message with class "error". It is a replacement for {{tl|error}} - please see the documentation page there for usage instructions. == See also == * [[Module:Warning]] * [[Module:If preview]]<includeonly> {{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Error-handling modules]] }}</includeonly> l4ss72zfsq5uejaqiebc0l9w09s6z5f 10 11081 84148 2022-05-19T07:06:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pf wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{_code|}}}|<code>}}{{((}}{{ #switch: {{lc: {{{1|if}}} }} | expr | if | ifeq | iferror | ifexpr | ifexist | rel2abs | switch | time | titleparts = [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23{{lc:{{{1|if}}}}}|#{{{1|if}}}]] | lc | uc | lcfirst | ucfirst | urlencode | anchorencode | ns = [[meta:Help:Parser function#{{uc:{{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}]] | localurl | localurle | fullurl | fullurle = [[meta:Help:Parser function#URLs etc.|{{{1}}}]] | language = [[meta:Help:Parser function#.23{{lc:{{{1}}}}}:|#{{{1}}}]] | pagesincategory | pagesincat = [[meta:Help:Parser function#Pages in category|{{{1}}}]] | section | section-x | section-h | lst | lstx | lsth = [[Help:Labeled section transclusion|#{{{1}}}]] | #default = {{{1}}}<!-- This will link to a help section in the documentation about unrecognised parser functions. In the meantime, it's just a hidden comment. --> }}{{ #if: {{{2|}}} | {{colon}}{{{2|}}} }}{{ #if: {{{3|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{2|}}} | | {{colon}}{{!}} }}{{!}}{{{3}}} }}{{ #if: {{{4|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{2|}}} | | {{colon}}{{!}} }}{{ #ifeq: {{{3|}}} | | {{!}} }}{{!}}{{{4}}} }}{{ #if: {{{5|}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{{2|}}} | | {{colon}}{{!}} }}{{ #ifeq: {{{3|}}} | | {{!}} }}{{ #ifeq: {{{4|}}} | | {{!}} }}{{!}}{{{5}}} }}{{))}}{{#if:{{{_code|}}}|</code>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> apcvxm6i61evg2ofws39yoj8f989y8y 10 11082 84149 2022-05-19T07:06:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pf/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tl|Pf}} is used to conveniently link to a [[m:ParserFunctions|ParserFunction]], along the lines of {{tl|tl}}. '''Pf''' stands for '''ParserFunction'''. == Usage == {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|parser function}}, this creates a direct link to the relevant function, omit '''#''' and colon, e.g. use {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr}} to get {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr}}. {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|parser function|1st parameter|2nd parameter|3rd parameter|4th parametr}}, this creates a link with parameters include, e.g. use {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr|1+1>1|true|false}} to get {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr|1+1>1|true|false}}. For parameters with equals signs, use {{Tlx|1={{BASEPAGENAME}}|2=1=parser function|3=2=1st parameter|4=3=2nd parameter|5=4=3rd parameter|6=5=4th parametr}}, e.g. use {{Tlx|1={{BASEPAGENAME}}|2=1=ifexpr|3=2=1+1=1|4=3=1+1=1|5=4=1+1!=1}} to get {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1=ifexpr|2=1+1=1|3=1+1=1|4=1+1!=1}}. Use {{para|_code|yes}} to wrap the output in {{tag|code}} tags, e.g. {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr|1+1>1|true|false|_code{{=}}yes}}produces {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr|1+1>1|true|false|_code=yes}}. {| {{table}} ! Input !! Output |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|expr}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|expr}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|if}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|if}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifeq}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifeq}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|iferror}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|iferror}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexpr}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexist}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ifexist}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|rel2abs}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|rel2abs}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|switch}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|switch}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|time}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|time}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|titleparts}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|titleparts}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lc}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lc}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|uc}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|uc}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lcfirst}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lcfirst}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ucfirst}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ucfirst}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|urlencode}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|urlencode}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|anchorencode}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|anchorencode}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ns}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|ns}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|localurl}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|localurl}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|localurle}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|localurle}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fullurl}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fullurl}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fullurle}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|fullurle}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|language}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|language}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagesincategory}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagesincategory}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagesincat}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagesincat}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section-x}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section-x}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section-h}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|section-h}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lst}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lst}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lstx}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lstx}} |- | {{tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lsth}} || {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|lsth}} |} == See also == * {{Lts}} * {{Lts|Tl}} * [[m:ParserFunctions]] ===Other formatting templates=== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> d0fsgpvvrzlxvxd6ibyi2rv8zplxyjj 10 11083 84150 2022-05-19T07:06:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colon wikitext text/x-wiki &#58;<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> cc3ofm0i104e4kws9eikeit1yry2hki 10 11084 84151 2022-05-19T07:07:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lts wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="padding-right:3px;">[[:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}]]</span><!-- --><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion lx" style="font-size: 85%;"><!-- -->([{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]&#160;<!-- -->[[:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|talk]]&#160;<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links]&#160;<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=history}} history]<!-- -->)</span><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 2zzy89sjq92s0riv3sd86b5eixir66w 10 11085 84152 2022-05-19T07:07:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lts/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Documentation subpage}} :''Main discussion & Queries: [[w:template talk:Lts|template talk:Lts]]'' </noinclude> <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Template:Lts]] is a smaller variant of {{tlx|Lt}} with pleasant output, for use especially also on browsers which don't support <code>&amp;middot;</code>. __NOTOC__ === Usage === <code><nowiki>{{Lts|template}}</nowiki></code> shows links for the specified template.<br /> <code><nowiki>{{Lts}}</nowiki></code> shows links for a template wrt the <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code>. === Example === {| | '''Code''' || '''Result''' |- | <code><nowiki>{{Lts|Lt}}</nowiki></code> | {{Lts|Lt}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Lts}}</nowiki></code> | {{Lts}} |}{{clear}} === See also === <!-- intentionally no subst to reflect what Lts actually does --> {| | {{lts|Las}} || 'Lts' formatted, but for anything, <br/>&nbsp;Defaults to article space, but accepts category or template, etc. namespace prefixes too. |- | {{Lts|Lts}} || for templates ''('''L'''ist '''T'''emplate '''S'''hort ["Lt"])'' |- | {{Lts|Lcs}} || for categories |- | {{Lts|Lps}} || for <code><nowiki>{{ns:Project}}</nowiki></code> (= <u>{{ns:Project}}</u>) |- | {{Lts|Ltsmeta}} || for templates copied from [[m:|Meta]] |- | {{Lts|Lts/}} || for template lists (see below) |- | {{Lts|Lx}} || boilerplate for the Lx family |- | [[:Category:Internal link templates]] || for a [[#Comparison|comparison]] of this zoo see below |- | colspan="2" | {{Ltsmeta|Lps}} |- | colspan="2" | {{Ltsmeta|Lts}} |- | colspan="2" | {{Ltsmeta|Ltsmeta}} |}{{clear}} === Comparison === We got a zoo of similar templates, pick what you like. This list is probably incomplete and intentionally omits variants with parameters like {{Tlx|Tlx}} and the various redirects. {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" | '''Source''' || '''Code''' || '''Result''' |- | {{Lts/|lt}} | {{tlx|lt|x4}} | {{lt|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|lts}} | {{tlx|lts|x4}} | {{lts|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|lts/}} | {{tlx|lts/|x4}} | {{lts/|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tetl}} | {{tlx|tetl|x4}} | {{tetl|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|ti}} | {{tlx|ti|x4}} | {{ti|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tic}} | {{tlx|tic|x4}} | {{tic|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tiw}} | {{tlx|tiw|x4}} | {{tiw|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tl}} | {{tlx|tl|x4}} | {{tl|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tn}} | {{tlx|tn|x4}} | {{tn|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tlc}} | {{tlx|tlc|x4}} | {{tlc|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tls}} | {{tlx|tls|x4}} | {{tls|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tlsetl}} | {{tlx|tlsetl|x4}} | {{tlsetl|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|tlt}} | {{tlx|tlt|x4}} | {{tlt|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|ttl}} | {{tlx|ttl|x4}} | {{ttl|x4}} |- | {{Lts/|twlh}} | {{tlx|twlh|x4}} | {{twlh|x4}} |} {{tl-nav}} {{clear}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Pagelinks templates]] [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> piaypecu8o2hd1ydlrfg47ku7er98bv 10 11086 84153 2022-05-19T07:08:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Template:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Template talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> lnpmvwpdf8k064oxtpbjqeemzkb3b3u 10 11087 84154 2022-05-19T07:08:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ln/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{transclusionless}} {{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:La = {{High-use}} | Template:Lc = {{for|lowercase formatting|Help:Magic words#Parser functions}} | Template:Pagelinks = {{High-use}}{{tsh|pl}}{{lua|Module:PageLinks}} }} == About == This template and the other related templates listed below produce a series of links for a specified page that is generally, though not always, of the form: : {{color|#002BB8|Page}}&nbsp;({{color|#002BB8|edit}} | {{color|#002BB8|talk}} | {{color|#002BB8|history}} | {{color|#002BB8|links}} | {{color|#002BB8|watch}} | {{color|#002BB8|logs}}) The six links are: : <code>edit</code> – [[Help:Editing|edit]] the page; : <code>talk</code>/<code>subject</code> – access its [[Help:Using talk pages|talk page]] (or if the target page is a talk page, its subject page); : <code>history</code> – access its [[Help:Edit history|edit history]]; : <code>links</code> – access the [[Help:What links here|what links here]] feature; : <code>watch</code> – add the page to one's [[Help:Watching pages|watchlist]]; and : <code>log</code> – access its [[Help:Log|logs]]. The major difference between the templates is the [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] of the page to which it is applied. *General: ** {{pagelinks|Template:Pagelinks}} creates links for any page in any namespace. ** {{lt|Ln}} creates links for pages in any subject namespace. ** {{lt|Lnt}} creates links for pages in any talk namespace. == Usage == {| class="wikitable" !Namespace!! Link to subject page !! Link to talk page |- | rowspan=2 | General||{{tlp|pagelinks|FULL PAGE NAME}}<br/>||Same as for subject page |- |{{tlp|ln|<nowiki>NAMESPACE|PAGE NAME</nowiki>}}||{{tlp|lnt|<nowiki>NAMESPACE|PAGE NAME</nowiki>}} |- |Article||{{tlp|la|ARTICLE}}||{{tlp|lat|ARTICLE}} |- |Draft||{{tlp|ld|DRAFT}}||{{tlp|ldt|DRAFT}} |- |Template||{{tlp|lt|TEMPLATE}}||{{tlp|ltt|TEMPLATE}} |- |Wikipedia||{{tlp|lw|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lwt|PAGE}} |- |Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/||{{tlp|lafd|PAGE}}||&mdash; |- |User||{{tlp|lu|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lut|PAGE}}<ref>For a similar template for user accounts, see [[Template:user]]</ref> |- |Category||{{tlp|lc|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lct|PAGE}} |- |File||{{tlp|lf|FILE}}||{{tlp|lft|FILE}} |- |Portal||{{tlp|lp|PORTAL}}||{{tlp|lpt|PORTAL}} |- |MediaWiki||{{tlp|lm|MESSAGE}}||{{tlp|lmt|MESSAGE}} |- |Help||{{tlp|lh|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lht|PAGE}} |- |TimedText||{{tlp|lttxt|TIMEDTEXT}}||{{tlp|lttxtt|TIMEDTEXT}} |- |Module||{{tlp|lmd|MODULE}}||{{tlp|lmdt|MODULE}} |} {{clear}} {{reflist}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result |- style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlp|pagelinks|Category:Stubs}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />pagelinks|Category:Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|pagelinks|Category talk:Stubs}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />pagelinks|Category talk:Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|ln|<nowiki>Category|Stubs</nowiki>}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />ln|Category|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lnt|<nowiki>Category|Stubs</nowiki>}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lnt|Category|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|la|Article}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />la|Article}} |- | {{tlp|lat|Article}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lat|Article}} |- | {{tlp|ld|Draft}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ld|Draft}} |- | {{tlp|ldt|Draft}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ldt|Draft}} |- | {{tlp|lt|Deprecated template}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lt|Deprecated template}} |- | {{tlp|ltt|Deprecated template}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ltt|Deprecated template}} |- | {{tlp|lu|Example}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lu|Example}} |- | {{tlp|lut|Example}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lut|Example}} |- | {{tlp|lw|About}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lw|About}} |- | {{tlp|lwt|About}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lwt|About}} |- | {{tlp|lc|Stubs}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lc|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lct|Stubs}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lct|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lf|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lf|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}} |- | {{tlp|lft|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lft|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}} |- | {{tlp|lp|Television}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lp|Television}} |- | {{tlp|lpt|Television}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lpt|Television}} |- | {{tlp|lm|Common.css}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lm|Common.css}} |- | {{tlp|lmt|Common.css}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lmt|Common.css}} |} <code><nowiki>{{subst:ln|Category|Stubs}}</nowiki></code> results (or resulted) in this code: <code><nowiki>{{lx|1=:{{ucfirst:Category}}:|2={{ucfirst:Stubs}}|3=:Category talk|4=talk}}</nowiki></code> Note the important colon in <code>1=:</code>, unnecessary (?) for other Lx namespaces.<br /> Substituting both Lx and Ucfirst finally arrived at (line breaks added manually): {{#tag:pre| <span class="plainlinksneverexpand">[[:Category:Stubs]] <tt>(</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=edit}} edit]<tt>&#124;</tt> [[:Category talk:Stubs|talk]]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/:Category:Stubs|limit=999}} links]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=history}} history]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=watch}} watch]<tt>)</tt></span>|style=overflow: auto}} == See also == *{{Lts|lag}} same as {{tl|la}} with a link to the google search *{{Lts|la-abbr}} abbreviated form of La: shows letters instead of words *{{Lts|al}} provides edit/history links for both article and talk page *{{Lts|userlinks}} provides additional links to user's contributions history etc. *{{Lts|Lcs}} comparison categories *{{Lts|Lps}} comparison Wikipedia *{{Lts|Lts}} comparison templates *{{Lts|Ti}} *{{Lts|Tlsp}} *{{Lts|Tlx}} comparison parameters *{{Lcs|Internal link templates}} *{{Lts|Rfplinks}} {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Pagelinks templates]] }}</includeonly> 5sb8dwovv9wlpzyvyzt38c8vmgwv4jd 10 11088 84155 2022-05-19T07:10:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Table wikitext text/x-wiki class="wikitable {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{{1|}}} | show|hidable|collapsible = collapsible | auto|autocollapse = collapsible autocollapse | hide|collapse|collapsed = collapsible collapsed | sort|sortable = sortable | outer|outercollapse = outercollapse | inner|innercollapse = innercollapse | }} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{{2|}}} | show|hidable|collapsible = collapsible | auto|autocollapse = collapsible autocollapse | hide|collapse|collapsed = collapsible collapsed | sort|sortable = sortable | outer|outercollapse = outercollapse | inner|innercollapse = innercollapse | }} {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{{3|}}} | show|hidable|collapsible = collapsible | auto|autocollapse = collapsible autocollapse | hide|collapse|collapsed = collapsible collapsed | sort|sortable = sortable | outer|outercollapse = outercollapse | inner|innercollapse = innercollapse | }} {{{class|}}}"<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pay1j8na3cz0yexweii4u6inbdx764t 10 11089 84156 2022-05-19T07:10:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{Table|</nowiki>''param1''|''param2''|''param3''|class=<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> Use at the beginning of a table to assign the <code>wikitable</code> and other commonly used table CSS classes. With no parameters, the template outputs <code>class="wikitable"</code>. The ''param1'', ''param2'', and ''param3'' parameters can be any of the following options: ;Collapse options *'''<code>show</code>, <code>hidable</code>, or <code>collapsible</code>:''' Uses the <code>collapsible</code> class to show a [hide] link to [[Help:Collapsing|collapse]] the table, but leaves the table uncollapsed by default *'''<code>hide</code>, <code>collapse</code>, or <code>collapsed</code>:''' Uses the <code>collapsible collapsed</code> classes to make the table [[Help:Collapsing|collapsed]] with a [show] link to reveal the table. *'''<code>auto</code> or <code>autocollapse</code>:''' Uses the <code>collapsible autocollapse</code> classes to make the table [[Help:Collapsing|collapsible]], but only collapse it if there are three or more collapsible tables on the page *'''<code>inner</code> or <code>innercollapse</code>:''' Uses the <code>collapsible innercollapse</code> classes to make the table [[Help:Collapsing|collapsible]], but only collapse if the table is within a larger table with the <code>outercollapse</code> class. *'''<code>outer</code> or <code>outercollapse</code>:''' Uses the <code>outercollapse</code> class to collapse any smaller tables within the table it that use the <code>innercollapse</code> class. Can be combined with the various collapse and sort options above. ;Sort options *'''<code>sort</code> or <code>sortable</code>:''' Uses the <code>sortable</code> class to add [[Help:Sorting|sorting buttons]] to each column of the table. Can be combined with the various collapse options above or with <code>outercollapse</code>. ;Other options *Any other Wikipedia class may be specified using the {{para|class}} parameter. ; Up to three parameters can be used, plus the custom {{para|class}} parameter, and they can be specified in any order. ==Examples== ;With no parameters <pre>{| {{Table}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |}</pre> Uses <code>class="wikitable"</code> to produce {| {{Table}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |} ;With parameters <pre>{| {{Table|hide|sort}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |}</pre> Uses <code>class="wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable"</code> to produce {| {{Table|hide|sort}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |} ;With custom parameters <pre>{| {{Table|sort|class=floatright}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |}</pre> Uses <code>class="wikitable sortable floatright"</code> to produce: {| {{Table|sort|class=floatright}} ! Rows !! Data |- ! Row 1 | Datum1 |- ! Row 2 | Datum2 |} {{clear}} ==See also== *[[Help:Table]] *[[Help:Collapsing]] *[[Help:Sorting]] *{{tl|Wikitable}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Table templates]] }}</includeonly> 9nnppio4fqve2bu9bg1sa7n47yqlanr 10 11090 84157 2022-05-19T07:11:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template-linking templates wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{navbar|Template-linking templates|text=These tables:|style=float: right;}}</includeonly> === General-purpose formatting === <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 1em 0;"> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin: 0;" |+ Comparison of template-linking templates according to the styles of generated text and link produced |- style="background-color: #fee;" ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Text style ↓ ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| {{Template link expanded|tlg}} options{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn1}}<br />to achieve text style ! scope="col" colspan="6"| Link style |- style="background-color: #fee;" ! scope="col"| Linked ! scope="col"| Unlinked ! scope="col"| Linked with subst ! scope="col"| Unlinked with subst ! scope="col"| Linked including braces ! scope="col"| Linked with alternative&nbsp;text |- ! scope="row"| {{Template link expanded|tlg}} options{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn1}}<br />to achieve link style | {{n/a}} | {{n/a|DEFAULT}} | {{code|nolink{{=}}yes}} | {{code|subst{{=}}yes}} || <code>nolink=yes<wbr/>|subst=yes</code> | {{code|braceinside{{=}}yes}} | {{code|alttext{{=}}Foo}}<br />{{code|2{{=}}Foo}} |- ! scope="row"| normal | {{n/a|DEFAULT}} | {{nowrap|{{tlg|tlg}}}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn1}}<br />{{tl|tl}}<br />{{tlp|tlp|1|2|...}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2}}<br />{{tlu|Template:tlu}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn3}} | {{tlf|tlf}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2}}<br /><sup><[[Template:Template link with link off|template link]]></sup> | {{tls|tls}}<br />{{tlsu|Template:tlsu}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn3}} | {{tlf|tlsf}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2}}<br/><sup><[[Template:Tlsf|template link]]></sup> | {{tn|tn}} | {{tla|tla}} |- ! scope="row"| <code>code</code> | {{code|code{{=}}yes}} | {{tl2|tl2}}<br />{{Template link expanded|tlx}}<br />{{tlxu|Template:tlxu}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn3}} | {{tlc|tlc}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2}}<br /><sup><[[Template:tlc|template link]]></sup><br />{{tnull|tnull}}<sup><[[Template:tnull|template link]]></sup> | {{tlxs|tlxs}} | {{tlsc|tlsc}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2}}<br/><sup><[[Template:Tlsc|template link]]></sup> | colspan="2" rowspan="3" {{n/a}} |- ! scope="row"| <span style="font-family:monospace; font-size:larger;">monospace</span> | {{code|plaincode{{=}}yes}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn4}} | colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{n/a}} | rowspan="2"| {{tltss|tltss}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag|name=TlTfn5}} | rowspan="2" {{n/a}} |- ! scope="row"| <kbd>kbd</kbd> | {{code|kbd{{=}}yes}}<wbr/>{{NoteTag||name=TlTfn5}} |- ! scope="row"| '''bold''' | {{code|bold{{=}}yes}} | {{tlb|tlb}} | colspan="5" rowspan="3" {{n/a}} |- ! scope="row"| '''<code>bold+code</code>''' || <code>bold=yes<wbr/>|code=yes</code> | {{tlxb|tlxb}} |- ! scope="row"| ''<code>italic+code</code>'' || <code>italic=yes<wbr/>|code=yes</code> | {{tlxi|tlxi}} |} </div> {{NoteFoot|refs= {{NoteTag|name=TlTfn1|{{tlx|tlg}} is the most general template, allowing any combination of text style and/or link style options.}} {{NoteTag|name=TlTfn2|Prevents wrapping of text by placing it inside {{tag|span|params=class="nowrap"}} tags.}} {{NoteTag|name=TlTfn3|Allows links to templates in any namespace.}} {{NoteTag|name=TlTfn4|{{tld|tlg|plaincode{{=}}yes}} uses [[HTML element#code|{{tag|code|params=style="border:none; background-color:transparent;"}}]].}} {{NoteTag|name=TlTfn5|Displays monospaced font using {{tag|span|params=style="font-family:monospace;"}}.}} }} {{clear}} ===Other formatting templates=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Templates producing specialised formatting effects for given templates, modules or parameters !scope="col"| Code example !scope="col"| Effect !scope="col"| Notes |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tl2|<nowiki>Hatnote|lang=fr</nowiki>}} | {{tl2|hatnote|lang=fr}} || Supports linking to sister projects (e.g., fr:Hatnote) |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|demo|<nowiki><nowiki>{{Hatnote|lang=fr|Some text}}</nowiki></nowiki>}} | {{demo|<nowiki>{{hatnote|lang=fr|Some text}}</nowiki>}} || Shows code and example |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tln|Hatnote}} | {{tln|Hatnote}} || Produces a normal link to the template |- <!-- Yes, I know these two aren't actually template-linking templates, but they're a heck of a lot easier to find if listed in the docs for e.g. {{tl}} --> !scope="row"| {{tlx|elc|Template:Hatnote}}<br />{{tlx|elc|<nowiki>Template:Hatnote|Hatnote</nowiki>}} | {{elc|Template:Hatnote}}<br />{{elc|<nowiki>Template:Hatnote|Hatnote</nowiki>}} || Formats wikilink, with optional piped link text and blended suffix |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|ml|Example|hello}} | {{ml|Example|hello}} || Counterpart to {{tl|tl}} for linking to Lua modules |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|mlx|Example|hello}} | {{mlx|Example|hello}} || Counterpart to {{tl|tlx}} for linking to Lua modules |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|para|<nowiki>title|<var>book title</var></nowiki>}} | {{para|title|<var>book title</var>}} || Formats template parameters for display, with or without values |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|sclx|LASTING}} | {{sclx|LASTING}} || Takes a shortcut suffix in project namespace and displays it with brackets and the [[WP:ALIAS|WP: alias]] in a [[WP:CODE|{{tag|code}}]] tag. |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tag|ref}}<br />{{tlx|xtag|templatedata}} | {{tag|ref}}<br />{{xtag|templatedata}} || Formats [X]HTML tags; can add content, choose opening, closing, or self-closing |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|dtl|Ping project}} | {{dtl|Ping project}} || Wikidata counterpart to {{tl|tl}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|pf|if}}<br />{{tlx|pf|if|<nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki>|true|false}} | {{pf|if}}<br />{{pf|if|<nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki>|true|false}} || [[Help:Parser functions|Parser function]] equivalent to {{tl|tl}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|magic word|uc:}} | {{magic word|uc:}} || Magic word links |} ===With utility links=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Templates producing utility links for a given template ([[Template:Hatnote|Hatnote]] used here as example) !scope="col"| Code example !scope="col"| Effect |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|lt|Hatnote}} | {{lt|hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|lts|Hatnote}} | {{lts|hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|t links|Hatnote}} | {{t links|hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tfd links|Hatnote}} | {{tfd links|hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tetl|Hatnote}} | {{tetl|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tsetl|Hatnote}} | {{tsetl|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|ti|Hatnote}} | {{ti|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tic|Hatnote}} | {{tic|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tim|Hatnote}} | {{tim|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tiw|Hatnote}} | {{tiw|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|tlt|Hatnote}} | {{tlt|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|ttl|Hatnote}} | {{ttl|Hatnote}} |- !scope="row"| {{tlx|twlh|Hatnote}} | {{twlh|Hatnote}} |}<noinclude> {{Documentation | content = {{template shortcut|tl-nav|tl templates}} ==Usage== Use this {{tl|Template-linking templates}} on /doc pages for related templates. [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</noinclude> fv9bbvtanq7wj26pwr7mqxamrbq43qj 10 11091 84158 2022-05-19T07:12:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Demo wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Demo|main}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qo8uxqtbhlvri8ihi5293by4l1j4soc 10 11092 84159 2022-05-19T07:12:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Demo/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Demo}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This template simply places template code in a {{tag|pre}} tag and then places the template below the pre tag. <pre> {{demo |br = |demo_kill_categories = |&lt;nowiki>{{your template}}&lt;/nowiki> }} </pre> '''{{red|IMPORTANT}}''': You must wrap include {{tag|nowiki}} tags around the source to be demonstrated (or use {{t|escape}}, which has a demo-escape example), like so: <pre>{{demo|&lt;nowiki>[template source]</nowiki>}}</pre> *Failure to wrap {{tag|nowiki}} tags around the source may cause the source to be executed before it reaches this template:{{demo|{{fail}}}} === Pre style === Set <code>style=</code> to add any CSS text to the {{tag|pre}} tag. For example, <code>{{escape|mode=kill|{*{demo!style{{=}}display:inline!&lt;nowiki>{*{done}*}</nowiki>}*}|*|char=!|{{!}}}}</code>, would result in: {{demo|style=display:inline|<nowiki>{{done}}</nowiki>}} === Line breaks === You can change the number of line breaks between the pre tag and the template by setting <code>br=</code> to a number. The default is 1. <pre>{{demo|br=3|&lt;nowiki>{{done}}</nowiki>}}</pre> {{demo|br=5|<nowiki>{{done}}</nowiki>}} ====Alternative separator==== You may also include an alternative separator by setting {{para|br}} to something other than a number and it will take the place of the br tags. For example, {{para|br|&lt;td>}} can make demo fit in a table: {|border=1 |- |{{demo|br=<td>|{{((}}done{{))}}}} |} === Category removal === For templates that add categories (e.g. {{t|Asbox}}), set {{para|demo_kill_categories|}} (or {{para|nocat|}}) to anything to prevent them from showing up in the output: {{demo|br=produces:|demo_kill_categories=yes |<nowiki>{{Asbox | image = Østfold_våpen.svg | pix = 30 | subject = [[Østfold]] location | name = Template:Østfold-geo-stub | category = Østfold geography stubs | tempsort = * }} </nowiki>}} === Module === If the template used is based on [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], you can pass args directly to the demonstrated module by invoking [[Module:Demo]] like so: (this would reduce server stress) {{demo|br=0|<nowiki> {{#invoke:Demo|module|demo_br=0| demo_module=RoundN | demo_module_func = N2|demo_template = Round2 |bold_winner=high |May 1|Team A|1|Team B|2 }}</nowiki>}} Note: It will attempt to preserve line breaks for unnamed params, but such is impossible for named params since those are stripped of whitespace/order before being passed to the module. Also note, you should use {{para|demo_br}} instead of {{para|br}} (all args you don't want being passed should be prefixed with 'demo_' if not already) == Redirects == * {{tl|Template Pre}} * {{tl|Tpre}} * {{tl|Doc pre}} == See also== * {{tl|Demo-inline}}, for an inline version of this template * {{tl|Escape}} - which has an example of this template without nowiki tags * {{tl|Nowiki template demo}} which uses [[Module:Template test case]] * {{tl|Automarkup}} which uses [[Module:Automarkup]] ===Other formatting templates=== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Template test cases| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "description": "must be wrapped in <nowiki>" }, "br ": { "description": "Number of line breaks, or wikitext to fill in as the linebreak" }, "demo_kill_categories": { "type": "boolean", "aliases": [ "nocat" ] }, "result_arg": {}, "style ": { "label": "<pre> style" } } } </templatedata> fvhgcrd2hon88l5mhgmb7d3p79zp44s 828 11093 84160 2022-05-19T07:12:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Demo Scribunto text/plain local p = {} --creates a frame object that cannot access any of the parent's args --unless a table containing a list keys of not to inherit is provided function disinherit(frame, onlyTheseKeys) local parent = frame:getParent() or frame local orphan = parent:newChild{} orphan.getParent = parent.getParent --returns nil orphan.args = {} if onlyTheseKeys then local family = {parent, frame} for f = 1, 2 do for k, v in pairs(family[f] and family[f].args or {}) do orphan.args[k] = orphan.args[k] or v end end parent.args = mw.clone(orphan.args) setmetatable(orphan.args, nil) for _, k in ipairs(onlyTheseKeys) do rawset(orphan.args, k, nil) end end return orphan, parent end function p.get(frame, arg, passArgs) local orphan, frame = disinherit(frame, passArgs and {arg or 1}) local code, noWiki, preserve = frame.args[arg or 1] or '' if code:match'nowiki' then local placeholder, preserve = ('6'):char(), {} code = mw.text.unstripNoWiki(code) noWiki = code:gsub('%%', placeholder):gsub('&lt;', '<'):gsub('&gt;', '>') for k in noWiki:gmatch('&.-;') do if not preserve[k] then preserve[k] = true table.insert(preserve, (k:gsub('&', '&amp;'))) noWiki = noWiki:gsub('(&.-;)', '%%%s') end end noWiki = mw.text.nowiki(noWiki):format(unpack(preserve)):gsub(placeholder, '%%') end local kill_categories = frame.args.demo_kill_categories or frame.args.nocat return { source = noWiki or code, output = orphan:preprocess(code):gsub(kill_categories and '%[%[Category.-%]%]' or '', ''), frame = frame } end function p.main(frame, demoTable) local show = demoTable or p.get(frame) local args = show.frame.args args.br = tonumber(args.br or 1) and ('<br>'):rep(args.br or 1) or args.br or '' if show[args.result_arg] then return show[args.result_arg] end return string.format('<pre%s>%s</pre>%s%s', args.style and string.format(" style='%s'", args.style) or '', show.source, args.br, show.output) end -- Alternate function to return an inline result function p.inline(frame, demoTable) local show = demoTable or p.get(frame) local args = show.frame.args if show[args.result_arg] then return show[args.result_arg] end return string.format('<code%s>%s</code>%s%s', args.style and string.format(" style='%s'", args.style) or '', show.source, ' → ', show.output) end --passing of args into other module without preprocessing function p.module(frame) local orphan, frame = disinherit(frame, { 'demo_template', 'demo_module', 'demo_module_func', 'demo_main', 'demo_br', 'demo_result_arg', 'demo_kill_categories', 'nocat' }) local template = frame.args.demo_template and 'Template:'..frame.args.demo_template local demoFunc = frame.args.demo_module_func or 'main\n' local demoModule = require('Module:' .. frame.args.demo_module)[demoFunc:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$')] frame.args.br, frame.args.result_arg = frame.args.demo_br, frame.args.demo_result_arg local kill_categories = frame.args.demo_kill_categories or frame.args.nocat if demoModule then local named = {insert = function(self, ...) table.insert(self, ...) return self end} local source = {insert = named.insert, '{{', frame.args.demo_template or frame.args.demo_module, '\n'} if not template then source:insert(2, '#invoke:'):insert(4, '|'):insert(5, demoFunc) end local insertNamed = #source + 1 for k, v in pairs(orphan.args) do local nan, insert = type(k) ~= 'number', {v} local target = nan and named or source target:insert'|' if nan then target:insert(k):insert'=':insert'\n' table.insert(insert, 1, #target) end target:insert(unpack(insert)) local nowiki = v:match('nowiki') if nowiki or v:match('{{.-}}') then orphan.args[k] = frame:preprocess(nowiki and mw.text.unstripNoWiki(v) or v) end end source:insert'}}' table.insert(source, insertNamed, table.concat(named)) return p.main(orphan, { source = mw.text.encode(table.concat(source), "<>'|=~"), output = tostring(demoModule(orphan)):gsub(kill_categories and '%[%[Category.-%]%]' or '', ''), frame = frame }) else return "ERROR: Invalid module function: "..demoFunc end end return p 08uvmdyhn9eogp77cx79fdjj1lkvpch 828 11094 84161 2022-05-19T07:13:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Demo/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |release<!-- Values: pre-alpha • alpha • beta • release • protected -- If a rating not needed/relevant, delete this template call -->}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == === Usage via templates === This module supports {{t|Demo}} <nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''main''}} and {{t|Demo inline}} <nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''inline''}} The input must be wrapped in {{tag|nowiki}} tags or else it may be processed before the module can read it. === Usage in a module === If you want to use this in another module (such as to make the output prettier), you can get values like so: <pre>require('Module:demo').get(frame)</pre> Function get() returns a table containing: *<code>source</code> = the source code (without {{tag|pre}} wrappers, characters substituted with html entities) *<code>output</code> = the execution result of the source. *<code>frame</code> = the frame from which this template took the parameter. By default, get() takes the first parameter of frame. If the frame uses a different parameter name for the nowiki-wrapped source, then place that name (as a string) as the second parameter, like so <code>require('Module:demo').get(frame, 'alternate_name')</code> Example: <nowiki>p = {} function p.main(frame) local parts = require('Module:demo').get(frame) return '<Pretty html><pre>' .. parts.source .. '</pre><more pretty html>' .. parts.output .. '<even more pretty html>' end return p</nowiki> == See also == * [[Template:Nowiki template demo]] which uses [[Module:Template test case]] * [[Template:Automarkup]] which uses [[Module:Automarkup]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 3kjuowqvtkerxu5tr2tkdsepsvi0dls 10 11095 84162 2022-05-19T07:13:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:T wikitext text/x-wiki &#123;&#123;[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]&#125;&#125;<noinclude>{{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> rf3qx5cilaxlnjqq9fivevkah92ncil 10 11096 84163 2022-05-19T07:14:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:T/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{redirect-distinguish|Template:TI|Template:Ti}}{{Template shortcut|tl|t|temp}} {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:Template link | {{used in system}} }} The '''template link''' template is a simple [[w:Macro (computer science)|macro]] [[m:Help:template|template]] used to display a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing the template name as code rather than actually invoking it. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation where it is used to refer to a template by name without invoking it. Note that this template may be used under the name "tee-el" (tl) as well as "tee-one" (t1)— both function the same way and produce the same results. This is not true for all such visually confusing templates containing a possible 1/l mix-up: and are not interchangeable. '''{{tl|Tla}}''' works exactly like {{tl|tl}} with the addition of optionally displaying '''a'''lternative label text (link label). '''{{tl|tlg}}''' can include the use of parameters in the template (as <nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki>). ==Examples== A short example of its use is: ::<code><nowiki>{{tl|Example}}</nowiki></code> :which generates ::{{tl|Example}} Other longer examples: {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Notes |- | {{tlx|tl|Void}} | {{tl|Void}} | Standard usage |- | {{tlx|tls|Example}} | {{tls|Example}} | For templates that should be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] |- | {{tlx|tl2|X1}} | {{tl2|X1}} | This formats the link to show how it would look in code (i.e., monospace font) |- | {{tlx|tl2|sister{{=}}M:|3x}} | <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[{{{LANG|}}}M:{{ns:Template}}:3x|3x]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> | Same as above, for templates on another Wikimedia project (in this example, Meta, using '''<code>m:</code>'''). See [[Help:Interwiki_linking#Prefix_codes_for_linking_to_Wikimedia_sister_projects|Interwiki codes]]. |- | {{tlx|tl2|sister{{=}}wikibooks|lang{{=}}de:|WP}} | <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[http://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vorlage:WP WP]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- ––––– This is currently a fraudulent output result... the template code needs modified to work ––––– per this plan, then this /doc file fixed up to match whatever the correct syntax actually is. ––––– ALMOST work: [[:de:wikibooks:{{ns:template}}:WP|WP]] [[de:wikibooks:{{ns:template}}:WP|WP]] --> | For templates on another language project |- | {{tlx|tl|<nowiki>1==</nowiki>)}} | {{tl|1==)}} | Use the format <code><nowiki>{{tl|1=templatename}}</nowiki></code> if the template contains template coding characters such as {{tl|1==)}} or {{tl|1=!}} |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template displays a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing how the template name would be used in code. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation.", "params": { "1": { "label": "template name", "description": "positional parameter: the template name without the namespace prefix “Template:”, which is added automatically", "type": "wiki-template-name", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == See also == * {{tiw|tl2}} * {{tiw|tl}} * {{tiw|tlp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with a single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|tlx}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with an e[x]panded number of parameters. * {{tiw|tlsp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink that's [[Wikipedia:Substitution|[s]ubst:]]ituted, with a single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|lts}} * {{tiw|tlu}}, tl or tlp in any [[Wikipedia:Namespaces|namespace]]. * {{lcs|Internal template-link templates}} * {{tiw|xpd}} to e[xp]an[d] (i.e. demonstrate) a template ''in situ''. * {{tiw|tl-r}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink to a template [r]edirect. {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> ha2de9k69ondckm5421b4qg21d06bn5 828 11097 84164 2022-05-19T07:15:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:RoundN Scribunto text/plain local p = { RD = { 'Quarter-finals', 'Semi-finals', 'Final', 'Third place' }, bgColor = {head = '#f2f2f2', 'gold', 'silver', '#C96', '#f9f9f9'}, reuseStr = {}, saveStr = function(self, name, ...) if not self.reuseStr[name] then self.reuseStr[name] = table.concat{...} end return self.reuseStr[name] end } --Provides a convenient naming shortcut up to {{#invoke:RoundN|N512}} = {{invoke:RoundN|main|columns = 9}} for columns = 1, 9 do local N = math.pow(2, columns) p['N' .. N] = function(frame) return p.main(frame.args, columns) end p['n' .. N] = p['N' .. N]--to make case insensitive end --saves memory and avoids errors when using a nil as a table by providing a temporary table; if using nil as false; use 'table(k)' to look up table[k] p.nilAsTab = { __index = function(t, i) return setmetatable({}, setmetatable(p.nilAsTab, {__index = {t = t, i = i}})) end, __newindex = function (pt, pi, v) --store new values in actual table rather than temporary rawset(p.nilAsTab.t, p.nilAsTab.i, {})[p.nilAsTab.i][pi] = v setmetatable(p.nilAsTab.t[p.nilAsTab.i], {__call = p.nilAsTab.__call}) end, __call = function(t, i) return t and rawget(t, i) end } --never assign a value to these or they will stop being empty local infiniteEmpty = setmetatable({}, {__index = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab), p.nilAsTab}) -- infiniteEmpty[1][2][3]...[infinity] = {} local callableEmpty = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab) local rowNum, head, m, col, tab, esc = {}, {}, {num = 1, phase = 0, bold = infiniteEmpty}, {}, mw.html.create'table', { bs = require'Module:Escape',--backslash comma = {['(%([^,]*),([^%)]*%))'] = '%1|@!#|%2'},--escape commas in () } local nodeFunc = { scanPattern = function(self, args, step) self.pattern = nil if args[step] then self.pattern, self.nonFunc = string.match(esc.bs:text(args[step]), '^node_function{(.-)}(.*)') end if self.pattern then for k, v in pairs(esc.comma) do self.pattern = self.pattern:gsub(k, v) end self.nonFunc = self.nonFunc and esc.bs:undo(self.nonFunc) self.pattern = mw.text.split(self.pattern, '%s*,%s*') for k, v in ipairs(self.pattern) do local func, arg = string.match(v, '^(%w+)%(?([^%)]*)') if func and self[func] and self[func].main then self.pattern[k] = func if arg then for x, y in pairs(esc.comma) do arg = esc.bs:undo(arg):gsub(y:gsub('%%%d', ''), x:match('%)([^%(])%(') or x:gsub('\\', '')) end self[func].arg = self[func].arg or {} self[func].arg[m.num] = arg end end end end return self.pattern end, helper = { topBranch = function()--node is top of fork if top is 0 return (m.num - col.top) % 2 end, addText = function(text) if text and text ~= '' then tab.r:wikitext(text) end end }, line = {--this node is omitted and replaced with a line main = function(x) local h = p.getNodeFunc() if m.available then local text, topId, isTop, notTop = h.line.arg[m.num] or '', h.topBranch() isTop = topId == 0 notTop = {[isTop and 1 or 0] = p.reuseStr.solid} for k = 0, 1 do tab.r = rowNum[m.r + k * 4]:tag'td' :css(notTop[k] and {[isTop and 'border-top' or 'border-bottom'] = notTop[k]} or {} ) :attr{ rowspan = ({[0] = 4, 2})[k], colspan = p.colspan } h.addText(text or h.nonFunc) text = nil end m.available = false else return nil end return x end }, bridge = {--Draw a line to the neighboring node in the same column that is not connected to the current node main = function(x) local h = p.getNodeFunc() h.bridge.lay[col.c][m.num - col.top + 1 + (h.topBranch() == 1 and 1 or -1)] = true h.addText(nonFunc) return x end, lay = setmetatable({}, p.nilAsTab) }, canvas = {--Merges all cells in node. Content will be the next parameter. main = function(x) local h = p.getNodeFunc() if m.available then tab.r = rowNum[m.r]:tag'td' :attr{ rowspan = 6, colspan = p.colspan } h.addText(h.nonFunc) m.available = false return x else return nil end end }, orphan = {--sets a flag for skipMatch to be set by p._main main = function(x) p.getNodeFunc().orphan.num = m.num return x end }, skipAllowed = {--table of supported node functions when node is skipped (i.e. by skipmatch) bridge = true, canvas = true } } setmetatable(nodeFunc.helper, {__index = nodeFunc}) function p.getNodeFunc() return nodeFunc.helper end local function newRow(bodyRow) local first = p.flex_tree.merge and mw.clone(p.flex_tree.cell) or p.flex_tree.cell tab.r = tab:tag'tr' :node(first) if bodyRow then table.insert(rowNum, bodyRow, tab.r) if p.flex_tree.merge then rowNum[bodyRow].first = first rowNum[bodyRow].first.unchanged = true end end end local function drawHead(text, row3rd) local td = (row3rd and rowNum[row3rd]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = 2} or head.row:tag'td') :attr{colspan = p.colspan} if text ~= 'omit_label' then td:wikitext(text):css{ ['text-align'] = 'center', border = '1px solid #aaa', background = p.bgColor.head } end end local function spacer(width) tab.r:tag'td' :attr{width = width} :wikitext(p.no_column_head and '' or '&nbsp;') end local function dpBox(v, r) p.dpBoxBase = p.dpBoxBase or mw.html.create'td':attr{rowspan = 2, colspan = p.colspan} if not v then p.dpBoxEmpty = p.previewnumbers and mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase) or p.dpBoxEmpty or mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase):wikitext(p.flex_tree.wt) rowNum[r]:node(p.dpBoxEmpty) else rowNum[r]:node(mw.clone(p.dpBoxBase):wikitext(v)) end end p.scoreWasher = { numberFormat = '%-?%d+%.?%d*', main = function (self, s) if s then for _, cycle in ipairs(self.cycles) do s = s:gsub(unpack(cycle)) end if p.scoreSumBox and self.plus then local t = 0 for _, part in ipairs(mw.text.split(s, self.plus)) do t = t + (tonumber(part:match('%-?%d+%.?%d*')) or 0) end return t end return tonumber(s:match(self.numberFormat)) or math.huge end return 0 end, spin = function(self, v) table.insert(self, v) return self end, load = function (self, cycle) local wash, rinse = 0, {spin = self.spin} for v in cycle:gfind('%(([^%(%)]-)%)') do if v == '_plus_' then self.plus = v rinse:spin(v) cycle = cycle:gsub('%(_plus_%)', '', 1) else wash = wash + 1 rinse:spin('%'):spin(wash) end end table.insert(self.cycles, {esc.bs:undo(cycle, '%%'), table.concat(rinse)}) end, init = function(self, setting) self.cycles = {original = setting} for cycle in (setting and esc.bs:text(setting) or '{<.->} {[^%d]*}'):gfind('{(.-)}') do self:load(cycle) end end, sum = function (clean) local sum = {0, 0} for _, box in ipairs(clean) do for team, score in ipairs(box) do sum[team] = sum[team] + score end end return unpack(math.max(unpack(sum)) == math.huge and {'&mdash;', '&mdash;'} or sum) end } local function boldWin(s1, s2) return setmetatable( p.bold and s1 ~= s2 and (math[({'min', 'max'})[p.bold]](s1, s2) == s1 and {true} or {[2] = true}) or callableEmpty, p.nilAsTab ) end local function maxSpan(span, start, rows) return math.min(span, math.max(0, rows - start + 1)) end --in case of templates like RDseed need padding value p.teamBoxPadding = function() return '.6ex' end p.teamBoxPadTab = {padding = '0 ' .. p.teamBoxPadding()} p.teamBoxNormal = {border = '1px solid #aaa', background = p.bgColor[4]} local function teamBox(v, r, f) if p.flex_tree.merge and not v and f.phase == 2 then for i = -2, 0 do if rowNum[r + i].first.unchanged then rowNum[r + i].first.unchanged = nil rowNum[r + i].first:node(p.unflex_div) end end tab.r:attr{rowspan = 4}:css{['vertical-align'] = 'center'} else if not p.bold then --backwards compatability (wikitemplates bold each arg individually) local hasBold, b = tostring(v):gsub("([^']*)'''([^']*)", '%1<b>%2</b>') if b == 1 then v = hasBold end end local cell if f[1] then cell = f.sumBox and f.sumBox[1] and {padding = f.sumBox[1]} or {['border-left'] = f.borderLeft} cell['text-align'] = v and f[1] else cell = p.teamBoxPadTab end tab.r = rowNum[r]:tag'td' :css(p.teamBoxCSS) :css(cell) :attr{rowspan = 2} :node(mw.html.create(f.bold and 'b'):wikitext(v or f[1] and '' or '&nbsp;')) end end function p._main(args) function args:clean(key, params)--prevent html comments from breaking named args and reduces repeat concatenation params = params or {} local clean = args[key] or params.ifNil if clean then params.append = params.append or '' clean = mw.text.decode(clean):gsub('<!%-.-%->', ''):gsub(params.pattern or '[^%w-;%.]', '') .. params.append clean = clean ~= params.append and clean or params.ifNil end args[key] = params.keepOld and args[key] or clean return clean end p.cols = tonumber(args:clean('columns', {pattern = '%D'})) p.tCols = (tonumber(args:clean('final_RDs_excluded', {pattern = '%D'})) or 0) + p.cols local matchPer = { pattern = '%d*per%d+[%-x]%d+', vals = '(%d*)per(%d+)([%-x])(%d+)' } local skipMatch, unBold = {}, {}--(skip|manualbold)match# to boolean for k, _ in pairs(args) do local mType, mNum = string.match(k, '^(%l+)match(%d*)$') mType, mNum = ({skip = skipMatch, manualbold = unBold})[mType], tonumber(mNum) if mType then if mNum then mType[mNum] = args:clean(k) == 'yes' or args[k] == 'true' else for pattern in args:clean(k, {ifNil = ''}):gfind(matchPer.pattern) do local d1, period, op, d2 = pattern:match(matchPer.vals) d1 = tonumber(d1) or 1 d2 = op == '-' and d2 or (d1 + period * (d2 - 1)) for y = d1, d2, period do mType[y] = true end end for _, x in ipairs(mw.text.split(args[k]:gsub(matchPer.pattern, ''):gsub('[;%-%a][;%-%a]+', ';'):match('^;*(.-)[;%-]*$'), ';')) do x = mw.text.split(x, '-') for y = tonumber(x[1]) or 1, tonumber(x[2] or x[1]) or 0 do mType[y] = true end end end end end for _, v in ipairs({--more args to boolean 'widescore', 'template', 'article_include', 'color', '3rdplace', 'omit_blanks', 'scroll_head_unlock', 'previewnumbers', 'flex_tree', 'no_column_head', 'short_brackets', 'branch_upwards' }) do if args[v] and (p[v] == nil or type(p[v]) == 'boolean') then p[v] = args:clean(v) == 'yes' or args[v] == 'true' end end p.namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.previewnumbers = p.namespace ~= 0 and p.previewnumbers p.scoreWasher:init(args['score-clean']) p.scoreWasher.demo = args.demoWash and tonumber(args:clean('demoWash', {pattern = '%D'}), 10) p.scoreSumBox = args['score-boxes'] and args['score-boxes']:match('%d ?%+ ?sum') p.bold = ({low = 1, high = 2})[args:clean('bold_winner')] or p.scoreSumBox and 2 local sumBox = p.scoreSumBox and 1 or 0 p.scoreBoxes = (tonumber(args:clean('score-boxes', {pattern = '%D'})) or 1) + sumBox p.scoreSumBox = p.scoreBoxes > 0 and p.scoreSumBox or nil local boxStyle = p.scoreBoxes > 1 and (p.scoreSumBox and setmetatable( {{}, [p.scoreBoxes] = {'0 1ex'}}, {__call = function(t, i) if t[i] then return nil end return 0 end} ) or setmetatable( {}, {__call = function() return 0 end} ) ) or setmetatable({}, {__call = function() return nil end}) p.colspan = p.scoreBoxes > 0 and (p.scoreBoxes + 1) or nil local nodeArgs = { score = p.scoreBoxes - sumBox, team = {offset = 1 + p.scoreBoxes - sumBox} } nodeArgs.all = 1 + nodeArgs.team.offset * 2 nodeArgs.tableSum = { __add = function(v, t) if #t == 3 then return v + nodeArgs.all end local s = v for i, n in ipairs(t) do s = s + n end return s--[[ + (p.scoreSumBox and #t == 3 and -2 or 0) --merging disabled with score boxes, uncomment if enable]] end } nodeArgs.team[1] = 1--constant to be replaced later by new param nodeArgs.team[2] = nodeArgs.team[1] + nodeArgs.team.offset nodeArgs.blank = setmetatable({}, nodeArgs.tableSum) p.unflex_div = mw.html.create'div' :css{overflow = 'hidden', height = '1ex'} :wikitext'&nbsp;' p.flex_tree = setmetatable({},{__index = { merge = p.flex_tree and p.scoreBoxes == 0, wt = p.flex_tree and '' or '&nbsp;', cell = mw.html.create'td' :node(not p.flex_tree and p.unflex_div or nil) }}) if args:clean'scroll_height' then local fontSize, fontUnit = args.style and args.style:match('font%-size *: *(%d+)([^ ]+)') if fontSize then local units = { em = 1, ex = 2, ['%'] = 0.01 } fontSize, fontUnit = {fontSize * fontUnit} end end tab :cssText(table.concat{args.scroll_height and 'padding' or 'margin', ':', fontSize and (math.ceil(fontSize * 10) / 10) or '.9', 'em 2em 1em 1em;border:0;', fontSize and '' or 'font-size:90%;border-collapse:separate;', args.style}) :attr{cellpadding = 0, cellspacing = 0} if not p.no_column_head then--headings row newRow() head.row = tab.r :css{['white-space'] = args.scroll_height and 'nowrap'} newRow() else tab.r = tab:tag'tr' tab.r:tag'td' end local sp = {--set column widths args['team-width'] or 170, p.widescore and 40 or 30, p.short_brackets and 6 or 15, p.short_brackets and 4 or 20 } local scoreWidth = args:clean('score-width', {pattern = '[^%d;]'}) and mw.text.split(args['score-width'], ';') or {} scoreWidth[1] = tonumber(scoreWidth[1], 10) if p.scoreSumBox and #scoreWidth ~= 1 then local _scoreWidth = {} for k = 1, p.scoreBoxes - 1 do _scoreWidth[k] = tonumber(scoreWidth[k], 10) or math.ceil(sp[2] * 0.75) end setmetatable(scoreWidth, _scoreWidth) end if p.template or p.article_include then p.template = mw.title.new(args.name) p.templateFixedName = (p.template.namespace == 0 and not p.article_include and 'Template:' or '') .. p.template.fullText end p.template = p.template and mw.title.new(args:clean('name', {pattern = ''})) local head_br = { count = 0, compare = function (self, text) if text and args.scroll_height then local _, count = text:gsub('<br[ >/]', '%1') self.count = math.max(self.count, count) end return text end } p.branch_upwards = p.branch_upwards and 0 for k = 1, p.cols do if k > 1 then spacer(sp[3]) spacer(sp[4]) if not p.no_column_head then head.row:tag'td':attr{colspan = 2} end end spacer(sp[1]) for s = 1, p.scoreBoxes do spacer(#scoreWidth == 1 and scoreWidth[1] or scoreWidth[s] or sp[2]) end if not p.no_column_head then head.wt = head_br:compare(args:clean('RD' .. k, {pattern = ''})) or p.RD[#p.RD + k - p.tCols - 1] or ('Round of ' .. math.pow(2, p.tCols - k + 1)) drawHead( k == 1 and p.template and mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'navbar-header', args = {head.wt, p.templateFixedName} } or head.wt ) end end sp.row = tab.r col.tot = math.pow(2, p.tCols - 1) local step, bump, bumpBase, rows = 1, 0, mw.html.create'td':attr{colspan = p.colspan}, col.tot * 6--Begin body row output args.line_px = table.concat{args:clean('line_px') or 3, args.line_px ~= '0' and 'px' or nil} tab.line = {--reduces concats and 'or' statements { [true] = args.line_px, [false] = 0 }, args.line_px:rep(2):gsub('(%a)(%d)', '%1 %2', 1) } p['3rdplace'] = p.tCols == p.cols and (p['3rdplace'] or p.cols > 3 and nil == p['3rdplace'] and not p.no_column_head) if p['3rdplace'] then p.textThird = args.Consol or args['RD' .. (p.cols + 1)] or p.RD[4] local no3rdText = p.no_column_head or p.textThird and p.textThird:match('omit_label') rowNum.third = math.max(math.pow(2, p.branch_upwards and -3 or p.cols - 2) * 9 + (no3rdText and 4 or 9), no3rdText and 12 or 17, rows) end for r = 1, rowNum.third or rows do newRow(r) end p:saveStr('solid', tab.line[1][true], ' solid') p.cornerDiv = mw.html.create'div':css{height = tab.line[1][true], ['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid} for c = 1, p.cols do col.c = c local bumps = bump if c > 1 then col.tot = col.tot + math.pow(2, p.tCols - c) if p.branch_upwards then bumps = 0 rowNum[1]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = 4} else rowNum[1]:node(c < p.cols and mw.clone(bumpBase):attr{rowspan = bump} or p.no_column_head and p.template and mw.html.create'td':wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'navbar-header', args = {'', p.templateFixedName} }) ) end end col.top = m.num p.span = p.tCols > c and bump * 2 or p.branch_upwards or math.max((bump - 1) / 2, 2) col.show3rd = p['3rdplace'] and c == p.tCols and rowNum.third local colorFinal, bumpMid = p.color and c == p.tCols, p.span > 0 and mw.clone(bumpBase):attr{rowspan = p.span} or nil for r = 1, col.show3rd or rows, 2 do m.r = r + bumps if col.show3rd or rowNum[m.r] and m.num <= col.tot then if m.phase == 0 then m.showBox = setmetatable({1, nodeArgs.team.offset, nodeArgs.team.offset}, nodeArgs.tableSum) if nodeFunc:scanPattern(args, step) then nodeFunc.called = {} m.available = true else m.available = nil end end if skipMatch[m.num] then if m.phase == 0 then if nodeFunc.pattern then for x, y in ipairs(nodeFunc.pattern) do if nodeFunc.skipAllowed[y] then nodeFunc.called[y] = nodeFunc[y].main(x) end end end local canvas = nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.called.canvas and 6 rowNum[m.r + (canvas or 0)]:tag'td':attr{rowspan = maxSpan((canvas and 0 or 6) + bump * 2, m.r + (canvas or 0), rows), colspan = p.colspan} elseif m.phase == 2 then if nodeFunc.pattern and (nodeFunc.called.bridge or nodeFunc.called.canvas) then step = step + 1 end m.num = m.num + 1 step = step + (p.omit_blanks and 0 or m.showBox) bumps = bumps + (col.show3rd and 0 or maxSpan(p.span, m.r, rows)) end elseif m.phase == 0 then if nodeFunc.pattern then for x, y in ipairs(nodeFunc.pattern) do if nodeFunc[y] and nodeFunc[y].main then nodeFunc.called[y] = nodeFunc[y].main(x) end end if m.available == false then m.showBox = nodeArgs.blank step = step + 1 end end if m.showBox[1] then if col.show3rd then col.show3rd = (m.num - col.top) * 2 if col.show3rd == 2 then if p.textThird:match('omit_label') then p.textThird = nil end if rowNum[rows + 1] and p.cols > 1 then --if 3rd place extends below bottom cell rowNum[rows + 1]:tag'td':attr{ rowspan = m.r + 9 - rows - (text and 0 or 2), colspan = (p.cols - 1) * (3 + p.scoreBoxes) } end if p.tCols == 1 then bumps = p.textThird and 3 or 0 elseif p.branch_upwards then r = 7 bumps = p.textThird and 2 or 0 end m.r = r + bumps if p.textThird then drawHead(p.textThird, m.r) bumps = bumps + 2 m.r = r + bumps end end end dpBox(nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.nonFunc or args[step], m.r) if p.previewnumbers then rowNum[m.r].nodes[#rowNum[m.r].nodes] :tag'div' :css{ float = 'left', border = '1px solid red', padding = '0 .5ex', ['color'] = 'red' } :wikitext(m.num) :attr{title = 'Number only visible outside article space (e.g. template) when |numberpreview=yes'} end end if p.colspan then m.nonEmpty = {} for s = step + 2, step + nodeArgs.team.offset do local i = {s, s + nodeArgs.team.offset} if args[i[1]] or args[i[2]] then table.insert(m.nonEmpty, i) end end if p.bold and m.showBox[2] and m.showBox[3] and not unBold[m.num] then m.bold = { box = {}, clean = {} } local notSummed = not p.scoreSumBox or #m.nonEmpty < 2 for s, i in ipairs(m.nonEmpty) do m.bold.clean[s] = {p.scoreWasher:main(args[i[1]]), p.scoreWasher:main(args[i[2]])} m.bold.box[s] = notSummed and boldWin(m.bold.clean[s][1], m.bold.clean[s][2]) or callableEmpty end if p.scoreSumBox and m.nonEmpty[2] then local i = {-step, -step - 1} table.insert(m.nonEmpty, i) args[i[1]], args[i[2]] = p.scoreWasher.sum(m.bold.clean) m.bold.box[p.scoreBoxes] = boldWin(args[i[1]], args[i[2]]) end getmetatable(boxStyle).__index = p.scoreSumBoxes and {[#m.nonEmpty] = boxStyle[p.scoreBoxes]} m.bold.win = m.bold.box[#m.nonEmpty] or callableEmpty else m.bold = infiniteEmpty end end else if m.showBox[m.phase] then p.teamBoxCSS = colorFinal and {border = p.teamBoxNormal.border, background = p.bgColor[m.phase + (col.show3rd or 0)]} or p.teamBoxNormal local f = {phase = m.phase, bold = m.bold.win(m.phase)} teamBox(args[step + nodeArgs.team[m.phase]], m.r, f) f[1] = 'center' if p.colspan then if m.nonEmpty[1] then local loneSum if #m.nonEmpty < p.scoreBoxes then loneSum = #m.nonEmpty == 1 and boxStyle[p.scoreBoxes] tab.r:attr{colspan = 1 + p.scoreBoxes - #m.nonEmpty} end for s, i in ipairs(m.nonEmpty) do f.borderLeft = boxStyle(s) f.sumBox = loneSum or boxStyle[s] f.bold = m.bold.box[s](m.phase) teamBox(args[i[m.phase]], m.r, f) end else for s = 1, p.scoreBoxes do f.borderLeft = boxStyle(s) teamBox(nil, m.r, f) end end end end if m.phase == 2 then col.show3rd = col.show3rd ~= 2 and col.show3rd or nil if p.scoreWasher.demo and p.scoreWasher.demo == m.num and p.namespace ~= 0 then table.insert(m.bold.clean, 1, {args[step + nodeArgs.team[1]], args[step + nodeArgs.team[2]]}) return table.concat{ 'Score data for match specified by <code>|demoWash=</code>:<br>', mw.dumpObject{scores = m.bold.clean, cycles = p.scoreWasher.cycles, sum = p.scoreSumBox and {m.nonEmpty[#m.nonEmpty][1], m.nonEmpty[#m.nonEmpty][1]}}, '<table>', tostring(sp.row), '<tr>', tostring(rowNum[m.r - 4]), '<tr>', tostring(rowNum[m.r - 2]), '<tr>', tostring(rowNum[m.r]), '</table>', } end if nodeFunc.orphan.num == m.num then skipMatch[m.num] = 'orphan' end step = step + m.showBox m.num = m.num + 1 if bump > 0 and rowNum[m.r + 2] and not (nodeFunc.pattern and nodeFunc.called.canvas) then bumps = bumps + p.span rowNum[m.r + 2]:node(bumpMid) end r = r + (col.show3rd or bump) end end m.phase = (m.phase + 1) % 3 end end if p.cols > c then--draw lines to next round p.unit = bump + 3 bump = 3 * math.pow(2, c) - 3 bumps = p.branch_upwards and 4 or (p.unit + 1) rowNum[1] :tag'td':attr{rowspan = bumps} if not p.branch_upwards then rowNum[1]:tag'td' :attr{rowspan = (p.branch_upwards or bump) + 4} :css(nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](0) and {['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid} or {} ) end col.n = 0 for r = bumps + 1, rows, p.unit * 2 do tab.r = rowNum[r]:tag'td' local interval = ((r - bumps - 1) / (p.unit * 2)) % 4 if interval % 2 == 0 then --col.t and col.t2 control whether lines are drawn col.t = col.t2 or skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2 + 1] and 3 or ((skipMatch[col.top] and 1 or 0) + (skipMatch[col.top + 1] and 2 or 0)) col.n = col.n + 2 col.t2 = skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2 + 1] and 3 or ((skipMatch[col.top + col.n] and 1 or 0) + (skipMatch[col.top + col.n + 1] and 2 or 0)) if col.t == 0 then tab.r :attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 2, r, rows)} :css(skipMatch[col.tot + col.n / 2] and {} or { border = p.reuseStr.solid, ['border-left'] = 0 }) else tab.r :attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit, r, rows)} :cssText(col.t == 2 and p:saveStr('topRight', 'border-width:', tab.line[2], ' 0 0;border-style:solid') or col.t == 1 and (nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n - 2) and p:saveStr('right', ';border-right:', p.reuseStr.solid) or 'vertical-align:bottom' ) or nil ) :node(col.t == 1 and interval > 0 and not nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n - 2) and p.cornerDiv) rowNum[r + (p.branch_upwards and (4 - bump) or p.unit)]:tag'td' :attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit, r + p.unit, rows)} :cssText(col.t == 1 and p:saveStr('bttmRght', 'border-width:0 ', tab.line[2], ' 0;border-style:solid') or col.t == 2 and (nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n + 2) and p:saveStr('right', ';border-right:', p.reuseStr.solid) or 'vertical-align:top' ) or nil ) :node(col.t == 2 and interval ~= 2 and not nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n + 2) and p.cornerDiv) end col.t = { col.t < 3, rowNum[r + p.unit * 5] and col.t2 < 3 or false } rowNum[r + (p.branch_upwards or p.unit)]:tag'td' :attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 4, r + (p.branch_upwards and (4 - bump) or p.unit), rows)} :css(interval == 0 and (col.t[1] or col.t[2]) and { ['border-width'] = table.concat{tab.line[1][col.t[1]], ' 0 ', tab.line[1][col.t[2]]}, ['border-style'] = 'solid' } or {}) else tab.r :attr{rowspan = maxSpan(p.unit * 2, r, rows)} :css(nodeFunc.bridge.lay[c](col.n) and {['border-right'] = p.reuseStr.solid} or {} ) end end end end local lock_height = (head_br.count or 0) + 1 return args.scroll_height and mw.html.create'div' :cssText'border-bottom:1px solid #eee;display:inline-block' :node(not (p.scroll_head_unlock or p.no_column_head) and mw.html.create'div' :css{ overflow = 'hidden', height = lock_height * 1.4 + 1.6 .. 'em', ['border-bottom'] = 'inherit', ['margin-right'] = '17px' } :node(mw.clone(tab)) ) :tag'div' :css{ ['overflow-y'] = 'scroll', ['max-height'] = tonumber(args.scroll_height, 10) and args.scroll_height .. 'px' or args.scroll_height } :node(not (p.scroll_head_unlock or p.no_column_head) and tab:css{['margin-top'] = math.floor(-10 * (lock_height * 1.4 + 1.6)/(fontSize or .9)) / 10 .. 'em', ['padding-top'] = '-3px'} or tab ) :done() or tab end --[[local standard = { 'beta' = { bold_winner = 'high', omit_blanks = 'yes', auto_3rd = 'yes' } }--]] function p.main(frame, columns) local args = require'Module:Arguments'.getArgs(frame, {trim = false}) args.columns = args.columns or columns return p._main(args) end function p.seed(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() or frame local function arg(k, alt) return parent.args[k] or frame.args[k] or alt end local padding, width = arg(2, p.teamBoxPadding()), arg(3, arg('widescore') and 40 or 30) padding = tonumber(padding) and tonumber(padding) .. 'px' or padding width = tonumber(width) and tonumber(width) .. 'px' or width return mw.html.create'div' :css{ margin = ('-1px %s -1px -%s'):format(padding, padding), float = 'left', ['background-color'] = p.bgColor.head, border = '1px solid #aaa', ['text-align'] = 'center', width = width } :wikitext(arg(1, '&nbsp;')) end return p a5ahggxfbk4nldimvy393tyb22hjbhi 828 11098 84165 2022-05-19T07:16:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:RoundN/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use | |Wikipedia talk:High-risk templates }} {{Module rating |release<!-- Values: pre-alpha • alpha • beta • release • protected -- If a rating not needed/relevant, delete this template call -->}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This is a module for meta templates such as {{tl|Round16}}, {{tl|Round8}}, etc. Though originally designed for sports, it can be used to present any tree. Basic form: <pre>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns = [number of columns (3 columns for Round8, 4 columns for Round16, etc.)]}}</pre> Alternatively, the shorthand form <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|N16}}</nowiki></code> (or any power of 2 between N2 and N512) is equivalent to {{code|<nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns = 4}}</nowiki>}} ==Parameter List== *{{red|red}} parameter names are required. *''italicized'' parameter names are required in some cases *{{blue|blue}} parameter names involve new features not available prior to the release of this module {| class='wikitable' style='width:75%' ! Parameter name ! Description |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:9em'| {{TOC tab|{{red|columns}}}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Number of columns/eliminations (3 columns for Round8, 4 columns for Round16, etc.) '''Note''' * For <code>columns</code> ''less than 4'' (i.e. Round2-Round8), the 3rd Place match box is hidden by default. For <code>columns</code> ''greater or equal to 4'', the 3rd Place match box is visible by default. This reflects the behavior of the templates prior to this module's release. {{TOC tab|'''Shorthand'''|shorthand|depth=2}} While required for invoking the main function (<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=}}</nowiki></code>), this module has meta functions in the form of 'N##' which can call main with the right {{code|columns}} for you. For example, you may replace <code>... |main|columns = 7...</code> with <code>...|N128 ...</code>. Valid for N# where # is a power of 2. You must invoke this module directly to use this (vs. a template that already has a columns value). Only works up to N512. If say N1024 ever becomes necessary, call main directly and set {{para|columns|10}}. <small>PS: Though adding shorthands up to N ~70 trillion would be easy, it would make unnecessary overhead as these meta functions are generated eached time this module is called (granted generating such functions up to ~70 trillion is probably less expensive than making the table for columns = 3).</small> |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{{#}}}}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Unnamed parameters (i.e. a value not prefixed by <code>[param_name] =</code>) are read sequentially in groups of 5 such that: ====Example 1==== {{demo|<nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=2 |Day 1|A|'''7'''|B|5 |Day 2|C||D| |tdb|A||| }}</nowiki>|br=0}} Placing each group of 5 on a new line is optional, but does make it easier to read. Also, consider adding the comments such as <code><nowiki><!-- Date-Place/Team 1/Score 1/Team 2/Score 2 --></nowiki></code> on top and <code><nowiki><!-- Finals --></nowiki></code> above the first group of 5 in the finals round, etc. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|style}}}} |style='background-color:#fff'| Set the <code>style</code> parameter to add custom CSS to the table. {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/1|param=style|style=width:20em;font-size:70%}} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|''{{blue|scroll_height}}''}} |style='background-color:#fff'| For large tables, set {{code|scroll_height}} to the desired height in pixels. {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/1|param=scroll_height|scroll_height=140}} CSS units are also allowed (i.e. '20em', '30%', etc.). '''Note''' This works by duplicating the entire table and then using CSS to lock the clone of the table to the top of the div. Conceivably, for extremely large tables, this can result in a significant amount of extra HTML code to download versus if {{code|scroll_head_unlock}} is used. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|scroll_head_unlock}}|depth=2}} |style='background-color:#fff'| If it is desirable to have the round heading scroll with the table (such as if a larger viewing area is desired), set {{code|scroll_head_unlock}} to 'yes' {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/1|param=scroll_head_unlock|scroll_head_unlock=yes|scroll_height=140|example=the code the {{code|scroll_height}} example}} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'| {{TOC tab|skipmatch##}} |style='background-color:#fff'|If set, boxes for the #th match group will not be shown. Most often used for playoffs or when the number of teams playing in the first round is not a power of 2. {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/1|param=skipmatch2|skipmatch2=yes}} {{TOC tab|{{blue|'''NEW'''}}|shorthand (range)|depth=2}}: The shorthand <code>|skipmatch = 1-2;4;6-7</code> will do the same thing as: <pre>|skipmatch1=yes |skipmatch2=yes |skipmatch4=yes |skipmatch6=yes |skipmatch7=yes</pre> '''Note:''' *Unlike in the original templates, this module does not require leading zeroes in this parameter, i.e. skipmatch001 is the same as skipmatch1 (though it may make your template code easier to read if lead with an appropriate number of zeroes). *The 5 parameters that would have populated the skipped box will be ignored regardless of value unless <code>omit_blanks</code> is set to 'yes' (see below). *Previously, skipmatch only worked in the first round. This limitation no longer applies. (See [[Module talk:RoundN/testcases/3]]) |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|omit_blanks}}|depth=2}} |style='background-color:#fff'|If <code>omit_blanks</code> is set to yes, then all parameters that would have been skipped will instead be shifted to the next non-skipped box. (This is turned off by default because most templates made before the release of this module were required to use empty parameters as placeholders.) {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/1|param=omit_blanks|omit_blanks=yes|skipmatch2=yes|example=''Example 1'' with <code>{{!}}skipmatch2=yes</code>}} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|bold_winner}}}} |style='background-color:#fff'|The {{code|bold_winner}} parameter accepts either {{code|'high'}} or {{code|'low'}}, which will automatically bold the text of the participant with the ''higher'' or ''lower'' score, respectively. In other words, set this to 'low' if the lower score wins and 'high' if the high score wins. ====Example 2==== {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/2}} '''Note:''' * If entering a score that includes non-numbers{{--}}such as <code>3 (6)</code>, the Semi Final score for team C in the above example{{--}}the module will first remove all non-digit characters and concatenate the rest. For example, <code>3 (5)</code> and <code>3 (6)</code> would be converted to <code>35</code> and <code>36</code>, respectively, before being compared. This should be valid for most cases, however, you may override using the <code>manualboldmatch##</code> parameter. * If the scores are tied or contain no numbers, then neither will be bolded, however, you may still manually bold them with wikimarkup. * This does not remove any formatting already present. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|manualboldmatch##}}|depth=2}} |style='background-color:#fff'| {{Module talk:RoundN/testcases/2|param=manualboldmatch1|param2=scroll_height|manualboldmatch1=yes|scroll_height=12em|result_arg=output|before=In the same manner as the <code>skipmatch</code> parameters, you may use |after= on '''Example 2''' to prevent automatic bolding in the first group, etc. Again, as with skipmatch, leading zeroes may be added as desired.}} {{TOC tab|'''Shorthand'''|shorthand (range)|depth=3}} The form <code>manualboldmatch = 1-3;6;9-12</code> is also available. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|{{blue|previewnumbers}}}} |style='background-color:#fff'| Set <code>|previewnumbers = yes</code> to show numbers next to each match group (useful for {{code|skipmatch}} and {{code|manualboldmatch}}) when viewing on the template page. Note that these numbers will not appear in article space. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|RD##}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Use <code>RD#</code>, replacing # with the desired column such that 1 is the leftmost round and X is the rightmost when <code>columns = X</code>. For example: {{demo|<nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|N128 |RD2 = {{red|'''SECOND ROUND'''}}|RD7 = {{red|'''Championship'''}} | RD8 = {{red|'''So close, yet so far'''}} |scroll_height=15em }}</nowiki>}} '''Note''' RD[N+1] = Third Place, and will perform the job of the <code>Consol</code> parameter if the latter is omitted, i.e. RD[N+1] is ignored if Consol is true. Also, this alternate name for Consol was not available prior to the release of this module (and is provided because the module's programmer thought 'Consol' was unintuitive). |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|3rdplace}} |style='background-color:#fff'|By default, <code><nowiki>|3rdplace=</nowiki></code> is set to 'yes' when <code>columns</code> is greater than 3 and 'no' otherwise. Override as desired. (See <code>Consol</code> if you wish to rename this heading) {{demo|<nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=1 |1 }}</nowiki>|br=0}} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|Consol|depth=2}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code>Consol=name</code> to change the 'Third Place' label to 'name'. You may also use the form RD# where # = columns + 1. {{demo|<nowiki>{{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=1 |3rdplace=yes |Consol=Runner up |1 }}</nowiki>|br=0}} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|color}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Add <code><nowiki>|color=yes</nowiki></code> {{#invoke:RoundN|main|columns=1 |color=yes |3rdplace=yes |7|Gold medalist|3|Silver medalist|2 |8|Bronze medalist|1||0 }} |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|team-width}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code><nowiki>team-width</nowiki></code> to the desired width in pixels. (Default is 170) |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|score-width}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code><nowiki>score-width</nowiki></code> to the desired width in pixels. (Default is 30) |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|widescore|depth=2}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Setting <code><nowiki>|widescore=yes</nowiki></code> is basically equal to <code><nowiki>|score-width=40</nowiki></code>. Provided for compatibility. Ignored if <code>score-width</code> is set. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|score-boxes}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code>score-boxes</code> to the desired number of score boxes per match. (Default is 1). The number can be followed by <code> + sum</code>, which will add one more score box with the sum of all the others. For examples, see [[Module_talk:RoundN/testcases/5|test case 5]] and [[Module_talk:RoundN/testcases/6|test case 6]]. |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|template}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code>|template=yes</code> if used to create a template for a specific game (add V.T.E. link using {{tl|navbar}}). |- |style='text-align:center;vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|flex_tree}} |style='background-color:#fff'|Set <code>|flex_tree=yes</code> to make the brackets more compact. That is, to have less space between matches of the same round. |} ==Node Functions== {{Ombox |type=notice |text=Some of these functions are still in alpha testing and may not be stable. Please feel free to comment at the [[Module_talk:RoundN|talk page]]. }} For greater customization, node functions may be added to the parameter usually used for providing match information such as dates and location. Simply insert <code>node_function{''function name''}</code> in the appropriate location. A demonstration of most of the node functions can be found at [[Module_talk:RoundN/testcases/4|RoundN/testcases/4]]. * '''orphan''' - Current node is disconnected from all other nodes (no lines will be drawn). One practical use for this may be when the winners of the previous round advance to a different tournament instead of playing each other but the losers still play a consolation match for 3rd place, as per [[Module talk:RoundN#Lines_between_matches_not_in_line_with_centre_of_box|this discussion]]. For the next three node functions, the parameters usually used for team names and scores should be omitted if these node functions are used. * '''line''' - Current node is omitted and replaced with a horizontal line. Text may be displayed above this line via <code>node_function{line(''text'')}</code> (at some point, the preferred format would be <code>node_function{line}''text''</code> to match the form of the canvas function though backwards compatibility would probably be maintained). If [[Bracket#Curly_brackets|curly brackets]] are desired in the text, make sure to escape them with <code>\</code>. * '''bridge''' - Current node is omitted and replaced with a vertical line. * '''canvas''' - Current node is replaced with whatever you want via <code>node_function{canvas}''anything''</code> * '''heading''' - <u>Not yet implemented.</u> Planned node function with the form <code>node_function{heading(''name'')}''date/location''</code>. Makes a round name heading like for the [[Module:RoundN#Consol|Consol]] parameter, but may be placed anywhere, as per the "Elimination Rounds" of [[Module_talk:RoundN/testcases/6|RoundN/testcases/6]] (which currently renders the planned output of this function without the functions). ==Undocumented features== Alas [[:User:Codehydro]] seriously overbuilt this module and never found the time to document even half the features available. Check out the following examples which may contain some advanced features: {{Special:PrefixIndex/Module talk:RoundN/testcases}} ===Partial List of undocumented params=== *no_column_head *short_brackets *branch_upwards Note that some of these features may not have been documented due to incomplete implementation. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> swb86gq4wvmxufyx5l74ih8gcgimqyr 828 11099 84166 2022-05-19T07:17:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Escape Scribunto text/plain local escape = { char = function(self, chr, args) args = args or {} local safe = args.safeChr or string.char(13) chr = tostring(chr or '\\') self[1] = ('%s0%%s%s'):format( ('%x%s%s'):format(chr:byte(), safe, safe), ('%s%x'):format(safe, chr:byte()) ) if not self[self[1]] then self[self[1]] = { char = chr, text = ('%s(.)'):format(chr), undo = self[1]:format'(%d+)' } end return args.text and self:text(args.text) or args.undo and self:undo(args.undo, chr) or args.kill and self:kill(args.kill) or self end, exec = function(self, text, mode, newEscape) local target = self[self[1] or self:char() and self[1]] for v in text:gfind(target[mode]) do text = text:gsub( mode == 'text' and ('%s%s'):format(target.char, v:gsub('%W', '%%%1')) or self[1]:format(v), mode == 'text' and self[1]:format(v:byte()) or (newEscape or '') .. v:char() ) end return text end, text = function(self, text) return self:exec(type(text) == 'table' and text[1] or text, 'text') end, undo = function(self, text, newEscape) if type(text) == 'table' then text, newEscape = unpack(text) end return self:exec(text, 'undo', newEscape) end, kill = function(self, text, chars, newEscape) if type(text) == 'table' then text, chars, newEscape = unpack(text) end return self:undo(self:text(text):gsub(chars or '', ''), newEscape) end } function escape.main(frame) local args, family = {}, {frame:getParent(), frame} for f = 1, 2 do for k, v in pairs(family[f] and family[f].args or {}) do args[k] = args[k] or v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end end if args.mode == 'char' then return escape:char(args.char or args[2], args) end return escape[args.mode](escape:char(args.char), args) end return escape mhxyi50kom86upm9xo7p7fo2bkvpxmq 828 11100 84167 2022-05-19T07:17:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Escape/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |release<!-- Values: pre-alpha • alpha • beta • release • protected -- If a rating not needed/relevant, delete this template call -->}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This module is designed as an way to escape strings in a customized and efficient manner. It works by replacing characters that are preceded by your escape char (or phrase) There are two ways to call this module: From another module: local esc = require('Module:Escape') esc:char({{green|''escape char (or sequence)''}}) local to_escape = esc:text({{green|''string''}}) {{green|''code that replaces or removes unescaped chars''}} local result = esc:undo(to_escape) From a template: <nowiki>{{invoke:Escape|main|mode=</nowiki>{{green|''function''}}|char={{green|''escape char (or sequence)''}}|{{green|''text''}}}} In a template, the most useful function is {{code|kill}}. This module is primarily intended to be used by other modules. However all functions can be called in template space using {{para|mode|the function you want to call}} followed by arguments. All module functions (i.e. any func. other than main()) should be called using a colon (:), e.g. {{code|esc:char('%')}} or <code><nowiki>esc:kill{'{{example|\\}}}', '}'} == '{{example|}'</nowiki></code> {|class='wikitable' style='background:#fff' |- !style='vertical-align:top;width:7em'|{{TOC tab|escape:text()}} |This function takes only one argument: A string. All characters in this string which are preceded by the sequence set by escape:char() will be replaced with placeholders that can be converted back into that char by escape:undo() |- !style='vertical-align:top;width:5em'|{{TOC tab|escape:undo()}} |Takes two arguments: # The string that may contain placeholders set by escape:text() # Optional, a char to be placed in front of any characters that have been de-escaped. (i.e. if you need to re-escape those string with a different char) |- !style='vertical-align:top;width:5em'|{{TOC tab|escape:kill()}} |This is basically equivalent to calling string.gsub() on the string returned by escape:text() and feeding that result into escape:undo() in a single step. Takes three arguments: # A string # A sequence of characters to be removed from that string. (May use a string.gsub pattern) # Optional, a char to be placed in front of any characters that have been de-escaped. |- !style='vertical-align:top'|{{TOC tab|escape:char()}} |This function's primary use is to initialize the patterns to scan a string for an escape/escaped sequence. It takes two arguments, the first being the escape character and the second being a table of arguments (optional). By default, this module will escape the {{code|\}} char. To escape the {{code|{}} char instead, you can do {{code|require('Module:Escape'):char('{')}} (or {{code|esc:char('{')}} (presuming you stored the table returned by this module in the local variable {{code|esc}}). When called without the second argument, char() will return a table containing the functions. This allows, for example, <code>escape:char('*'):kill('1*23', '%d')</code> which would return '2' For the most part, there is very little reason to set {{para|mode}} in template space since the patterns it stores are not shared with other invokations of this module. Templates should instead use the {{para|char}} if a new escape sequence is desired. ====Shortcut==== If provided a second argument that is a table containing a {key = value} pair, such that the key is {{code|text}}, {{code|undo}}, or {{code|kill}} and the value is a table containing the arguments that would have been passed to those functions. For escape:undo(), will cause the escaescape:text() and escape:kill() |} <span id='functions doc'></span> ===Caveats=== * When using a multi-character escape sequence, this module only marks it using the byte value of the first character. Thus, escape:undo() will unescape, for example, all characters escaped with 'e' and 'esc' if both were used. In practice however this shouldn't be a problem as multiple escape sequences are pretty rare unless you're transitioning between multiple code languages. (Multiple multi-char escape sequences beginning with the same character are simply bad practice anyhow.) * Since byte values are stored as numbers, it is not recommended for you to use a number as an escape sequence (though it may work just fine). * Placeholder byte values separated with return ('\r') characters--chosen because they are seldom used at all, and virtually never used unpaired with '\n'; moreover, it is distinct from the markers generated by {{tag|nowiki}} or {{code|mw.text.nowiki()}} (which use the delete char). To set a different separator char, include the key-value pair <code>{safeChr = {{green|alternate character}}}</code> in the table that you pass to escape:char(). ==Speed== The following are benchmarks... when executing the following module function: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> function p.test_kill500(frame) local esc = require('Module:Escape') for k = 1, 500 do local v = esc:kill(p.test_string2(), 'test') end return os.clock(esc) end </syntaxhighlight> '''{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_kill500}}''' when repeating the following line 500 times in a template: {{code|<nowiki>{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=kill|{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string2}}|test}}</nowiki>}} '''0.767'''<!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1144 CPU time usage: 1.082 seconds Real time usage: 1.109 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4001/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 33000/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 3/40 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Lua time usage: 0.767/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1.5 MB/50 MB --> All times in seconds. The module time x500 was calculated when you loaded this doc page (normally between 0.02 and 0.07). The template time x500 was recorded on Jan 15, 2015. ==Examples== ===Template=== {{Module talk:Escape/testcases}} ===Module=== Here's some sample output from the debug consol below the module editor: {|- class='wikitable' | {{blue|'''local escape {{=}} require('Module:Escape')<br>test {{=}} '{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string_module}}'<br><br>test2 {{=}} escape:char('{'):text(test)<br>{{=}}test2'''}}<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} }} {{blue|'''test3 {{=}} escape:char('\\'):text(test2)<br>{{=}}test3'''}}<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} }} }} {{blue|'''test4 {{=}} escape:char('{', {undo {{=}} test3})<br>{{=}}test4'''}}<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} }} }} }} {{blue|'''test4 {{=}} escape:char('\\', {undo {{=}} test3})<br>{{=}}test4'''}}<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=undo |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}}}} }} }} {{blue|'''test5 {{=}} escape:char('{', {undo {{=}} test4})<br>{{=}}test5 {{=}}{{=}} test'''}}<br> {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=undo |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=undo |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |{{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} }} }}|\ }}|{ }} |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} |true |false }} '''{{blue|{{=}}escape:undo(test3)}}'''{{green|--doesn't work because char is still set to '{' in current session}}<br> <!--Obviously template calls don't remember sessions so we must code it here--> {{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|char={|{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}}}}}} }} '''{{blue|{{=}}escape:undo(test4)}}'''<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text |char={ |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} }} }} |\}} }} '''{{blue|{{=}}escape:char('\\'):undo(test3)}}'''<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=undo |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|char={|{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}}}}}} }} '''{{blue|{{=}}escape:char('{', {undo {{=}} escape:char('\\'):undo(test3)})}}'''<br> {{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo|char={ |{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=undo|{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|char={|{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}}}}}}}} |{ }} '''{{blue|{{=}}test {{=}}{{=}} escape:char('{', {undo {{=}} escape:char('\\'):undo(test3)})}}'''<br> false '''{{blue|{{=}}test {{=}}{{=}} escape:char('{', {undo {{=}} escape:char('\\'):undo(test3, '\\')})}}'''<br> {{#ifeq: {{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=char |char={ |undo={{#invoke:Escape|main |mode=char |char=\ |undo={{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|{{#invoke:Escape|main|mode=text|char={|{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}}}}}} }} }} |{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string}} |true |false }} '''{{blue|local t {{=}} '{{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string_module|2}}'<br>{{=}}t}}<br>''' {{#invoke:Escape/testcases|test_string2}} '''{{blue|local e {{=}} require('Module:Escape')<br>local t2 {{=}} escape:text(t)<br>local t3 {{=}} string.gsub(t2, '{', '')<br>local t4 {{=}} escape:undo(t3)<br>{{=}}t4''}}<br>''' test test { test, test, {,test \ '''{{blue|local tk0 {{=}} escape:kill(t, '{')<br>{{=}}tk0 {{=}}{{=}} t4}}<br>''' true |} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that manipulate strings|Escape]] }}</includeonly> an4mq2oaokwsy9azaodsmc9m7urxqif 828 11101 84168 2022-05-19T07:18:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Escape/testcases Scribunto text/plain p = {} function p.test_string() return 'test, \\test, \\{,test\\\\ \\\\ \\\\\\\\' end function p.test_string2() return 'test { test {\\{ test, \\test, \\{,test\\ \\ \\ {\\' end function p.test_string_module(frame) return (p['test_string' .. (frame.args[1] or '')]():gsub('\\', '\\\\')) end function p.test_kill500(frame) local esc = require('Module:Escape') for k = 1, 500 do local v = esc:kill(p.test_string2(), 'test') end return os.clock(esc) end return p nfs9sfjyl196obqwqbmoh83mw7gytwu 10 11102 84169 2022-05-19T07:21:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dtl wikitext text/x-wiki &#123;&#123;[[d:Template:{{{1}}}|d:{{{1}}}]]&#125;&#125;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> d9jtbbwvden9r59o04utg1t3d5u5ay5 10 11103 84170 2022-05-19T07:21:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dtl/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> The '''Wikidata template link''' template is a simple [[w:Macro (computer science)|macro]] [[m:Help:template|template]] used to display a Wikidata template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing the Wikidata template name as code rather than actually invoking it. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation where it is used to refer to a Wikidata template by name without invoking it. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{dtl|Ping project}}</nowiki></code> generates {{dtl|Ping project}} == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> 0h5mlbzi50qvmrkb2zft5kj57s7rjhl 10 11104 84171 2022-05-19T07:22:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Elc wikitext text/x-wiki <code>[<nowiki/>[{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{!}}{{{2}}}}}]<nowiki/>]{{{3|}}}</code><!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9v3bhtkyen2t80p5jvaztid07gfntdf 10 11105 84172 2022-05-19T07:22:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Elc/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} This formats an example [[Help:Link|wikilink]] to show how it would be entered in wiki markup. The first parameter is the link destination. E.g. {{tlc|elc|Cookie}} renders as {{elc|Cookie}}, the wiki markup for the wikilink [[Cookie]]. If a second parameter is given, a [[WP:Piped link|piped link]] is shown. E.g. {{tlc|elc|Cookie|Biscuit}} renders as {{elc|Cookie|Biscuit}}, the markup for the wikilink [[Cookie|Biscuit]]. A third parameter, if supplied, is included as a suffix to demonstrate [[Help:Wiki markup#Blend link|blended links]]; {{tlc|elc|Cookie||s}} produces {{elc|Cookie||s}}, the wiki markup for [[Cookie]]s. The short name {{tlc|elc}} ("example link, code") is chosen to be similar to the {{tlx|tlc}} template which produces similar output, but for template links. == See also == ===Other formatting templates=== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} 899rm0h5qyvyptum048dh1xknmkuzyc 10 11106 84173 2022-05-19T07:23:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Magic word wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[MW:Help:Magic words{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|||&#35;{{#invoke:string|replace|{{{1}}}|:$||1|0}}}}|{{{1|Magic word}}}]]{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 62g3vs446crbqzzvc6ter7dn5ua04b6 10 11107 84174 2022-05-19T07:23:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Magic word/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Magic word", "description": "Name of the word as invoked. May have a trailing colon.", "example": "uc:", "type": "string", "required": true } }, "description": "Creates a link to the description of a magic word at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words, formatted like the invocation of that word e.g. {{uc:}}.", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Pagelinks templates]] }}</includeonly> q692npykbcdu05q0ygv0lprk9ihlbra 10 11108 84175 2022-05-19T07:24:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtag wikitext text/x-wiki <code class="nowrap">{{#switch:{{{2|pair}}} |c|close = <!--nothing--> |s|single |o|open |p|pair = &lt;{{#switch:{{{1|}}} |categorytree=[[mw:Extension:CategoryTree|categorytree]] |charinsert=[[mw:Extension:CharInsert|charinsert]] |ce=[[Help:Displaying a formula#Chemistry|ce]] |chem=[[Help:Displaying a formula#Chemistry|chem]] |gallery=[[Help:Gallery tag|gallery]] |graph=[[Help:Graph|graph]] |hiero=[[mw:Extension:WikiHiero|hiero]] |includeonly=[[Help:Template#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude|includeonly]] |indicator=[[mw:Help:Page status indicators|indicator]] |imagemap=[[mw:Extension:ImageMap|imagemap]] |inputbox=[[mw:Extension:InputBox|inputbox]] |mapframe=[[mw:Extension:Kartographer|mapframe]] |maplink=[[mw:Extension:Kartographer#<maplink>|maplink]] |math=[[mw:Extension:Math|math]] |math chem=[[Help:Displaying a formula#Chemistry|math chem]] |noinclude=[[Help:Template#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude|noinclude]] |nowiki=[[Help:Nowiki|nowiki]] |onlyinclude=[[Help:Template#Noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude|onlyinclude]] |poem=[[mw:Extension:Poem|poem]] |pre=[[WP:PRE|pre]] |ref=[[mw:Extension:Cite/Cite.php|ref]] |references=[[mw:Extension:Cite/Cite.php|references]] |score=[[Help:Score|score]] |section=[[mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion|section]] |source=[[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight|source]] |syntaxhighlight=[[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntaxhighlight]] |templatedata=[[Wikipedia:TemplateData/Tutorial|templatedata]] |templatestyles=[[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|templatestyles]] |timeline=[[mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] |#default={{{1|}}}[[Category:Pages using xtag template with unsupported tag name]] }}{{#if:{{{params|}}}|&#32;{{{params}}}}} }}{{#switch:{{{2|open}}} |c|close = {{{content|}}} |s|single = &#32;/&gt; |o|open = &gt;{{{content|}}} |p|pair = &gt;{{{content|...}}} }}{{#switch:{{{2|open}}} |s|single |o|open = <!--nothing--> |c|close |p|pair = &lt;/{{{1|tag}}}&gt; }}</code><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4la5a5vxsl3ky1njkzhvnecnlvco3m8 10 11109 84176 2022-05-19T07:24:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtag/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}<!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please----> This template adds a formatted MediaWiki parser or extension tag that links to the help or extension page. This template is similar to {{tl|tag}}, but it links the tag and defaults to open. ===Parser and extension tags=== <section begin="xtag" />{{Xtag/list}}<section end="xtag" /> ===Parameters=== * '''first parameter''' ''(mandatory)'': the name of the HTML tag * '''second parameter''': what type of tag to display: ** <code>p</code> or <code>pair</code>: display a matched pair of open-and-close tags *** To suppress the ellipsis which appears between the tags, add an empty {{para|content}} parameter ** <code>o</code> or <code>open</code> ''(default)'': display only the opening tag of an open-and-close pair ** <code>c</code> or <code>close</code>: display only the closing tag of an open-and-close pair ** <code>s</code> or <code>single</code>: display a single tag * '''content=''' the text content of the tags * '''params=''' any parameters to be included in the opening tag ====Examples==== {{markup |<nowiki>{{xtag|nowiki}}</nowiki> |{{xtag|nowiki}} |<nowiki>{{xtag|nowiki|s}}</nowiki>} |{{xtag|nowiki|s}} }} Markup &rarr; Renders as: <br /> <code><nowiki>{{xtag | syntaxhighlight | p | params= enclose="div" lang="text"}}</nowiki> </code>&rarr;<br /> {{xtag | syntaxhighlight | p | params= enclose="div" lang="text"}} ===See also=== * {{tl|tag}} ====Other formatting templates==== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----Categories below this line, please:----> [[Category:HTML typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates| ]] }}</includeonly> jy1of648o0rogp4g609ab47f6ewhhq8 10 11110 84177 2022-05-19T07:24:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtag/list wikitext text/x-wiki For a machine-generated list, see [[Special:Version#mw-version-parser-extensiontags]]. It may include tags not documented here. ;Parser tags :{{xtag|gallery}}, {{xtag|includeonly}}, {{xtag|noinclude}}, {{xtag|nowiki}}, {{xtag|onlyinclude}}, {{xtag|pre}} ;Extension tags :{{xtag|categorytree}}, {{xtag|charinsert}}, {{xtag|chem}} (alias {{xtag|ce}}), {{xtag|graph}}, {{xtag|hiero}}, {{xtag|imagemap}}, {{xtag|indicator}}, {{xtag|inputbox}}, {{xtag|mapframe}}, {{xtag|maplink}}, {{xtag|math}}, {{xtag|math chem}}, {{xtag|poem}}, {{xtag|ref}}, {{xtag|references}}, {{xtag|score}}, {{xtag|section}}, {{xtag|syntaxhighlight}} (alias {{xtag|source}}), {{xtag|templatedata}}, {{xtag|templatestyles}}, {{xtag|timeline}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= This is a list of parser and extension tags ([[MediaWiki]] XML elements) used on en.Wikipedia. This list is transcluded by (at least) [[Template:Xtag/doc]] and [[Help:Strip markers]]. }}</noinclude> innqk72s47qrfva9kv1f1hikdydmheh 10 11111 84178 2022-05-19T07:25:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tln wikitext text/x-wiki [[Template:{{{1}}}]]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> njjkp5v662wp2q68y1vhyii8yp00bnx 10 11112 84179 2022-05-19T07:25:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tln/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> == Usage == '''T'''emplate '''l'''ink '''n'''ormal This template creates a normal template link with <code>[[Template:</code> prefixing the template name and <code>]]</code> suffixing the template name: :<code><nowiki>{{tln|Example}}</nowiki></code> --> {{tln|Example}} :<code><nowiki>{{tln|tln}}</nowiki></code> --> {{tln|tln}} An alternative to this template is {{tln|tl}} which produces the link with <code>{{</code> before it and <code>}}</code> after it. If you need a version with talk, history and other links see {{tln|lt}}. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template displays a template name as a normal full link.", "params": { "1": { "label": "template name", "description": "the template name without the namespace prefix “Template:”, which is added automatically", "type": "line", "required": true } }}</templatedata> == See also == {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> 28ucx9lpc8snubk17myzo9t77qe54dr 10 11113 84180 2022-05-19T07:26:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tl2 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Subst of {{Tl2}} follows --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{sister|}}} | {{{sister}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ns:Template }}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- Subst of {{Tl2}} ends --><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> q3mtw9x9thf5oujgysln9qnmg763w2o 10 11114 84181 2022-05-19T07:26:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tl2/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> {{Mbox |image=[[File:Walnut.png|30px|link=|alt=]] |text=&lt;code&gt;-styled {{tl|tl}} that can link to sister projects.}} This is the {{tl|tl2}} template. {{tlf|tl2}} is similar to {{tl|tl}}. '''Tl''' stands for '''T'''emplate '''l'''ink. {{tlf|tl2}} is a [[w:Macro (computer science)|macro]] [[m:Help:template|template]] used to display a template name as a link surrounded by braces, thus showing how the template name would be used in code. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation. {{tlf|tl2}} differs from {{tlf|tl}} in that it displays with a wider, monospaced text style (like {{tlf|tlx}}) and also takes the named parameters {{para|sister}} and {{para|lang}} so that it may also be used to list and link templates on other English and non-English-language sister projects. ==Related template== {{tl|tlx}} displays with the same enhanced presentation and can also expand several placeholder parameters to generate a sample template call. ==Usage== : {{tlx|tl2|''template_name''}} :: equivalent to {{tlf|tl{{!}}''template_name''}} : {{tlx|tl2&nbsp;|sister{{=}}''sister_id''&nbsp;|''template_name''}} :: to display a template from a sister project (e.g. {{tlf|tl2&nbsp;{{!}}sister{{=}}V&nbsp;{{!}}''template_name''}} for Wikiversity) : {{tlx|tl2&nbsp;|lang{{=}}''lang_id''&nbsp;|sister{{=}}''sister_id''&nbsp;|''template_name''}} :: to display a template from a sister project in another language (e.g. {{tlf|tl2&nbsp;{{!}}lang{{=}}fr&nbsp;{{!}}sister{{=}}V&nbsp;{{!}}''template_name''}} for a template from the French Wikisource project) ==Examples== {| class=wikitable ! Code ! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{tl|x0}}</nowiki></code> | {{tl|x0}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tl2|x1}}</nowiki></code> | {{tl2|x1}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tl2|sister=M|3x}}</nowiki></code> | {{tl2|sister=M|3x}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tl2|sister=wikibooks|lang=de|WP}}</nowiki></code> | {{tl2|sister=wikibooks|lang=de|WP}} |} ==See also== * {{tiw|tl2}} * {{tiw|tl}} * {{tiw|tlp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|tlx}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink with e[x]tended number of parameters. * {{tiw|tlsp}} to produce a [t]emplate [l]ink that's [[Wikipedia:Substitution|[s]ubst:]]ituted, with a single [p]arameter. * {{tiw|lts}} * {{tiw|tlu}}, tl or tlp in any [[Wikipedia:Namespaces|namespace]]. * {{lcs|Internal template-link templates}} * {{tiw|xpd}} to e[xp]an[d] (i.e. demonstrate) a template ''in situ''. {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> mkbymkjxftsa7k4r6ih1t4kmmpbtzi1 10 11115 84182 2022-05-19T07:27:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sclx wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- --><code><!-- --><nowiki>[[</nowiki>[[{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|:}}||WP:}}{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}]]<nowiki>]]</nowiki><!-- --></code><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc sub-page --> </noinclude> sb2jdwdfz7eu0f8lh7bxl3u1p8q564g 10 11116 84183 2022-05-19T07:28:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sclx/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Inspired by {{tl|tlx}} (template link expanded), this template takes a [[WP:SC|shortcut]], converts it to uppercase, and displays it with brackets in a [[WP:CODE|{{tag|code}}]] tag. If no prefix (e.g. MOS:, H: or WT:) is added, the [[WP:ALIAS|WP: alias]] is added. == Parameters == * <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>''sclx''|''SHORTCUT''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> The template takes one unnamed parameter, ''SHORTCUT'', that can be any uppercase shortcut. If no prefix is included, the [[WP:ALIAS|WP: alias]] is added. If ''SHORTCUT'' is entered in lowercase, it will be converted to uppercase. == Usage == {{tbullet|sclx|BASIC}} {{tbullet|sclx|gng}} {{tbullet|sclx|MOS:ENGVAR}} == Limitations == * Will only work with shortcuts that are uppercase; will not work with mixed case shortcuts, e.g. [[WP:Source list]]. == See also == ===Other formatting templates=== {{#lsth:Template:Template-linking_templates|Other formatting templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal link templates]] }}</includeonly> hiyuns706h06u1g6k3ytt2qxlc258u9 10 11117 84184 2022-05-19T07:28:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mlx wikitext text/x-wiki <code>&#123;&#123;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Separated entries|main|[[Module:{{{1}}}{{{section|}}}|#invoke:{{{1}}}]]|{{{2|''function''}}}|separator=&#124;}}&#125;&#125;</code><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> i44jb9ksi1r2b1r01x9ixutr7h4x0fv 10 11118 84185 2022-05-19T07:28:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mlx/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Separated entries}} {{lt|mlx}} is used to display a module name as a link surrounded by braces with the {{((}}#invoke{{))}} [[WP:PF|parser function]], thus showing the module name as code rather than actually invoking it. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation where it is used to refer to a module by name without invoking it. It is also supports the definition of a function and parameters. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Notes |- | <code><nowiki>{{mlx|Example}}</nowiki></code> | {{mlx|Example}} | Usage without function name. This does not produce a usable invocation. |- | <code><nowiki>{{mlx|Example|hello}}</nowiki></code> | {{mlx|Example|hello}} | Usage with a function name. |- | <code><nowiki>{{mlx|Example|count_fruits|4=bananas=5|5=apples=10}}</nowiki></code> | {{mlx|Example|count_fruits|4=bananas=5|5=apples=10}} | Usage with a function name and parameters. |- | <code><nowiki>{{mlx|Example|count_fruits|bananas{{=}}5|apples{{=}}10}}</nowiki></code> | {{mlx|Example|count_fruits|bananas{{=}}5|apples{{=}}10}} | Usage with a function name and parameters, using {{((}}={{))}}. |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template displays a module name as a link surrounded by braces with the {{#invoke}} parser function, thus showing how the module name would be used in code. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation.", "params": { "1": { "label": "module name", "description": "the module name without the namespace prefix “Module:”, which is added automatically", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "function name", "description": "the function name within the module to call", "type": "string", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "parameter 1", "description": "the name (and value) of the first parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "parameter 2", "description": "the name (and value) of the second parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "parameter 3", "description": "the name (and value) of the third parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" } }}</templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|ml}} - Similar function but not surrounded in {{tag|code}} tags. * {{tl|tlx}} - A version of this template for templates instead of modules. {{Template:Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Internal module-link templates]] }}</includeonly> lc1ioxg24klw2ptnnlr44c5hmsegtzu 10 11119 84186 2022-05-19T07:29:30Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Module link]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Module link]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} 9ze22i7waq4qzhuwga7zzfzzcau1yvx 10 11120 84187 2022-05-19T07:29:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Module link wikitext text/x-wiki &#123;&#123;{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Separated entries|main|[[Module:{{{1}}}{{{section|}}}|#invoke:{{{1}}}]]|{{{2|''function''}}}|separator=&#124;}}&#125;&#125;<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 92wyuj6sw2ipoflnv2ynqqdv223b4b9 10 11121 84188 2022-05-19T07:29:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Module link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Separated entries}} {{lt|ml}} is used to display a module name as a link surrounded by braces with the {{((}}#invoke{{))}} [[WP:PF|parser function]], thus showing the module name as code rather than actually invoking it. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation where it is used to refer to a module by name without invoking it. It is also supports the definition of a function and parameters. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result ! Notes |- | <code><nowiki>{{ml|Example}}</nowiki></code> | {{ml|Example}} | Usage without function name. This does not produce a usable invocation. |- | <code><nowiki>{{ml|Example|hello}}</nowiki></code> | {{ml|Example|hello}} | Usage with a function name. |- | <code><nowiki>{{ml|Example|count_fruit|4=bananas=10|5=kiwis=5}}</nowiki></code> | {{ml|Example|count_fruit|4=bananas=10|5=kiwis=5}} | Usage with a function name and parameters. |- | <code><nowiki>{{ml|Example|count_fruit|Fred|bananas{{=}}10|apples{{=}}5}}</nowiki></code> | {{ml|Example|count_fruit|Fred|bananas{{=}}10|apples{{=}}5}} | Usage with a function name and parameters, using {{((}}={{))}}. |- | <code><nowiki>{{ml|Example|}}</nowiki></code> | {{ml|Example|}} | Omits the function name |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template displays a module name as a link surrounded by braces with the {{#invoke}} parser function, thus showing how the module name would be used in code. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation.", "params": { "1": { "label": "module name", "description": "the module name without the namespace prefix “Module:”, which is added automatically", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "function name", "description": "the function name within the module to call", "type": "string", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "parameter 1", "description": "the name (and value) of the first parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "parameter 2", "description": "the name (and value) of the second parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "parameter 3", "description": "the name (and value) of the third parameter, use {{=}} to add an equal sign", "type": "string" } }}</templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|mlx}} - Similar function but surrounded in {{tag|code}} tags. * {{tl|tl}} - A version of this template for templates instead of modules. {{Template:Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Internal module-link templates]] }}</includeonly> 3psp8danrj5dzgh0b89xtigia17g8q3 10 11122 84189 2022-05-19T07:31:19Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Aye]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Aye]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} [[Category:Checkmark insertion templates]] e0pzoc4q7yaxin2e4ig85fob5wzkcw0 10 11123 84190 2022-05-19T07:31:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Aye wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>[[File:Green check.svg|13px|alt=Green tick|link=]]<SPAN STYLE="display:none">Y</SPAN></onlyinclude> {{documentation}} 5gycadl77izrbytpnok054pl5fozou2 10 11124 84191 2022-05-19T07:31:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Aye/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Format TemplateData|JSON={ "params":{}, "description": "A simple template to be used in various to-do lists for easier organization of solved and unsolved issues. <noexport><br></noexport>Per [[MOS:ICONS]], it should not be used in mainspace. No parameters." } }} ===See also=== {{Check mark templates}} {{Done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Checkmark insertion templates]] [[Category:Resolution templates]] }}</includeonly> he1bnc6zlxchhwdhkrqxm8hgwfmvu0z 10 11125 84192 2022-05-19T07:40:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:View wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:navbar|navbar|plain = 1|template = {{{template|{{{1|}}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Navbar/doc}} </noinclude> 3cdib5yx2npzm141agd4nm089qwwm12 10 11126 84194 84193 2022-05-19T07:42:09Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:VTE]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:VTE]] {{R from move}} jdtgudijg8pb0iwrg5r9vqu1rcrsqfj 10 11127 84195 2022-05-19T07:42:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:VTE wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navbar|navbar|mini = 1|template = {{{template|{{{1|}}}}}}}}<noinclude> The VTE template invokes the {{tl|navbar}} template with the parameter {{var|mini}} set to 1. For more information, see [[Template:Navbar/doc]], which has been transcluded below for convenience. {{cot|[[Template:Navbar/doc]]}} {{documentation|1=Template:Navbar/doc}} {{cob}} </noinclude> nwd1xz3j86sykdwkk78f1tzh2rb4hz2 10 11128 84196 2022-05-19T07:43:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Edit templates wikitext text/x-wiki <div>[{{view|Template:Edit templates|edit}}] Compare different edit templates:</div> * {{tl|Ed}} —– plain-style edit link surrounded by <nowiki><small></nowiki> tags, specifically for templates only * {{tl|Ed right}} —– plain-style edit link surrounded by <nowiki><small></nowiki> tags and <u>aligned to right of page</u>, specifically for templates only * {{tl|Edit}} —– plain-style edit link, applicable to all Wikipedia namespaces * {{tl|Edit section}} —– edit link surrounded by <nowiki><div></nowiki> tags by default which can specify which section to edit on a page, applicable to all Wikipedia namespaces * {{tl|Vedit}} —– plain-style edit link which edit with the [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor]], applicable to all Wikipedia namespaces Templates with view, talk and edit links: * {{tl|Navbar}} —– navigation bar with configurable caption and view·talk·edit links, specifically for templates only * {{tl|View}} —– navbar-style view·talk·edit links, specifically for templates only * {{tl|VTE}} & {{tl|V}} —– navbar-style V·T·E links (i.e. view·talk·edit links in short forms), specifically for templates only<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> </noinclude> cbia1biebj256yk8ckxuukn4y2p85m2 10 11129 84197 2022-05-19T07:43:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Edit templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> It shows a list of templates used to generate a link to edit a template or page or section. == Usage == {{Tlx|ed}} : <code><nowiki>{{ed|SomeTemplate}}</nowiki></code> gives {{ed|SomeTemplate}} : <code><nowiki>{{ed|edit templates|edit this link}}</nowiki></code> gives {{ed|SomeTemplate|edit this link}} {{Tlx|ed right}} : <code><nowiki>{{ed right|SomeTemplate}}</nowiki></code> gives {{ed right|SomeTemplate}} : <code><nowiki>{{ed right|SomeTemplate|this link}}</nowiki></code> gives {{ed right|SomeTemplate|this link}} {{Tlx|Edit}} : <code><nowiki>{{edit}}</nowiki></code> gives {{edit}} : <code><nowiki>{{edit|1=Rape|2=edit here|section=1}}</nowiki></code> gives {{edit|1=Rape|2=edit here|section=1}} : Parameters explained: :: <code><nowiki>{{edit</nowiki></code> :: {{para|1|Page to edit}} — Leave blank to edit current page. :: {{para|2|Text to display}} — Default: "edit" :: {{para|section|Section to edit}} — specific section to edit (e.g. <code>0</code> to edit the lead section only). Default: none (i.e. edit whole page) :: <code><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> {{Tlx|edit section}} : <code><nowiki>{{edit section}}</nowiki></code> gives {{edit section}} {{Tlx|Navbar}} : <code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}}}</nowiki></code> gives {{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}}} : <code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|mini=1}}</nowiki></code> gives {{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|mini=1}} : <code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|plain=1}}</nowiki></code> gives {{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|plain=1}} : <code><nowiki>{{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|fontstyle=color:green}}</nowiki></code> gives {{navbar|{{PAGENAME}}|fontstyle=color:green}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] }}</includeonly> ay6ww4563dh4mfyyp18edyr8cmbwwvw 10 11130 84198 2022-05-19T07:44:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lang wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lang|{{{fn|lang}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rpiilobim1eh22a50sfaaeqssz4iwxu 10 11131 84199 2022-05-19T07:44:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lang/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{Lua|Module:Lang}} {{Language templates}} The purpose of this template is to indicate that a span of text belongs to a particular language. It often makes no visible changes to the text but can prompt [[web browsers]] to use a more appropriate font or screen readers to use a particular kind of pronunciation and so on. See {{section link||Rationale}} for more information. == Syntax and usage == {{in5}}{{tlx|lang|{{var|language tag}}|{{var|text}}}} The {{var|language tag}} should consist of an [[ISO-639]] language code (click [[List of ISO 639-1 codes|'''here''']] for list of most codes). The template also supports properly formatted [[IETF language tag]]s using subtags that identify the language's script, region, and/or variant. The ISO 639 language code is a two- or three-letter abbreviation, in lowercase, of the language's name. French, for example, has the code <code>fr</code>: * <code><nowiki>She said: "{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}"</nowiki></code> → She said: "{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}" Because all languages represented by two-letter codes in [[ISO 639-1]] can also be represented by their three-letter equivalents in [[ISO 639-2]] and above, it is recommended to use the shortest language tag possible that sufficiently describes the target language.<ref>[https://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/index.en "Language tags in HTML and XML"] at [[World Wide Web Consortium]]</ref> So while French could be represented by ISO 639-2's <code>fra</code> code, use the ISO 639-1 code <code>fr</code> instead. Likewise, script, region, and variant information should be included only when they provide a necessary distinction. For an up-to-date list of available language, script, region, and variant codes, please refer to the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]]'s [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language subtag registry]. By default, this template will place articles into the relevant subcategory of {{category link|Articles containing non-English-language text}}. To suppress this – e.g. when using {{tlf|lang}} within a [[Help:Link#Wikilinks|wikilink]] or the ''title'' parameter of a citation – add the parameter {{para|cat|no}}. === Formatting === ==== Automatic italics ==== {{tld|lang}} automatically applies italic styling <span style="font-weight: normal;">when the text in <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code> is written entirely in the <code>Latn</code> script (the Latin alphabet and its extensions), either when that is the default encoding for the language or when it is triggered by a <code>{{var|xx}}-Latn</code> language code{{colon}}</span> * <code><nowiki>{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fr|Je suis française.}} * <code><nowiki>''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}''</nowiki></code> → ''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.}}'' – external markup is ignored * <code><nowiki>{{lang|he-Latn|la'az}} ({{lang|he|לעז}})</nowiki></code> → {{lang|he-Latn|la'az}} ({{lang|he|לעז}}) * <code><nowiki>''{{lang|he-Latn|la'az}}''</nowiki> ({{!mxt|<nowiki>''{{lang|he|לעז}}''</nowiki>}})</code> → ''{{lang|he-Latn|la'az}}'' ({{!mxt|''{{lang|he|לעז}}''}}) – external markup is ignored around the <code>he-Latn</code> text, but will incorrectly italicize the Hebrew-character material. When <code>Latn</code> script should not be italicized, there are multiple approaches{{colon}} {{para|italic|no}} <span style="font-weight: normal;">– renders <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code> in upright font; italic markup around the template is ignored; italic markup inside the template causes an error message{{colon}}</span> * <code><nowiki>{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}} * <code><nowiki>''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}}''</nowiki></code> → ''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=no}}'' * <code><nowiki>''{{lang|fr|Je suis ''française''.|italic=no}}''</nowiki></code> → ''{{lang|fr|Je suis ''française''.|italic=no|cat=no}}'' – italic markup in conflict with {{para|italic|no}} {{para|italic|unset}} <span style="font-weight: normal;">– disables template-provided styling; <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code> is styled according to external or internal wiki markup{{colon}}</span> * <code><nowiki>{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}} * <code><nowiki>''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}}''</nowiki></code> → ''{{lang|fr|Je suis française.|italic=unset}}'' * <code><nowiki>{{lang|fr|''Je suis'' English.|italic=unset}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fr|''Je suis'' English.|italic=unset}} {{tlx|noitalic}} <span style="font-weight: normal;">can also be used{{colon}}</span> * <code><nowiki>{{lang|fr|Je suis {{noitalic|English}}.}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fr|Je suis {{noitalic|English}}.}} {{hatnote|{{crossreference|See table "[[#italic parameter|lang {{!}}italic{{=}} parameter operation]]".}}}} ==== Language-specific templates ==== There are language-specific versions of this template, such as {{tl|lang-fr}} and {{tl|lang-ru}}, which are intended to be used the first time a language appears in an article. These templates will print the language's name and, when appropriate, italicize their content: * <code><nowiki>A '''kremlin''' ({{lang-ru|кремль}}, 'castle') is a major fortified central complex ...</nowiki></code> → A '''kremlin''' ({{lang-ru|кремль}}, 'castle') is a major fortified central complex ... While {{tnull|lang-{{var|xx}}}} templates output text in italics for languages with Latin-based scripts, if plain text is required, such as for proper names, {{para|italic|no}} or {{tlx|noitalic}} may be used: * <code><nowiki>the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|Vintimille}})</nowiki></code> → the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|Vintimille}}) * <code><nowiki>the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|italic=no|Vintimille}})</nowiki></code> → the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|italic=no|Vintimille}}) * <code><nowiki>the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|{{noitalic|Vintimille}}}})</nowiki></code> → the border town of Ventimiglia ({{lang-fr|{{noitalic|Vintimille}}}}) When formatting foreign-language text to match style guidelines, it is best to exclude the styling markup from the template, so that any extraneous markup which is not from the foreign language does not receive incorrect metadata for that language. This includes: English-language quotation marks around titles of works in languages that use other quotation character glyphs; italicization of titles in languages which do not use that convention; and emphasis that is not found (in one style or another) in the original foreign text; among other cases. If in doubt, put such markup outside the template when possible. {{See also|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting#Foreign terms}} === Right-to-left languages === To embed a string of right-to-left text (such as [[Arabic]] or [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]) within the usual left-to-right context, {{para|rtl|yes}} should be added to correctly communicate writing direction. To markup a whole paragraph of right-to-left text, {{tl|rtl-para}} should be used instead. Any of these approaches will wrap the text in a container with the <code>dir="rtl"</code> attribute. In order to ensure correct rendering in browsers that do not fully support [[HTML5]] [[bidirectional text|bidirectional isolation]], a [[left-to-right mark]] is also added to the end of the text (see the [http://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup W3C] for details). Note that text direction does not need to be specified when using the {{tnull|lang-{{var|xx}}}} templates, as this is implied by the template's language. == Parameters == {{#lst:Template:Lang-x/doc/parameters|lang_parameters}} ===the function selector parameter=== {{tlx|lang}} uses the Lua function <code>lang()</code> [[Module:Lang]]. That module also supports all of the {{tnull|lang-??}} templates using the Lua functions <code>lang_xx_inherit()</code> and <code>lang_xx_italic()</code>. The module has other functions that may be useful. The function selector parameter {{para|fn}} tells module:lang which function to execute. The available functions are: *<code>is_ietf_tag</code> – returns <code>true</code> if the provided [[IETF language tag]] is valid; nil else **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag|nv}}</nowiki></code> →{{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag|nv}}← **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag|xx}}</nowiki></code> →{{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag|xx}}← *<code>is_lang_name</code> – returns <code>true</code> if the provided language name is valid; nil else **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=is_lang_name|navajo}}</nowiki></code> →{{lang|fn=is_lang_name|navajo}}← **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=is_lang_name|xxxxx}}</nowiki></code> →{{lang|fn=is_lang_name|xxxxx}}← *<code>lang</code> – the function that renders {{tlx|lang}}; listed here for completeness, this particular usage is more-or-less pointless *<code>lang_xx_inherit</code> – the function that renders {{tnull|lang-??}} template where the text is not italicized; can be used when a {{tnull|lang-??}} template, for example {{tlx|lang-aao}}, does not exist for a particular language: **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=lang_xx_inherit|code=aao|Algerian Saharan Arabic text}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fn=lang_xx_inherit|code=aao|Algerian Saharan Arabic text}} *<code>lang_xx_italic</code> – the function that renders {{tnull|lang-??}} template where the text is italicized; can be used when a {{tnull|lang-??}} template, for example {{tlx|lang-svc}}, does not exist for a particular language: **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=lang_xx_italic|code=svc|Vincentian Creole English text}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fn=lang_xx_italic|code=svc|Vincentian Creole English text}} *<code>name_from_tag</code> – returns the language name associated with the provided IETF language tag: **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=name_from_tag|apa}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fn=name_from_tag|apa}} *<code>tag_from_name</code> – returns the ISO 639 language code (sometimes IETF language tag) associated with the provided language name: **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=tag_from_name|havasupai}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fn=tag_from_name|havasupai}} *<code>transl</code> – the function that renders {{tlx|transl}}; listed here for completeness, this particular usage is more-or-less pointless **<code><nowiki>{{lang|fn=transl|ar|DIN|al-Ḫawārizmī}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|fn=transl|ar|DIN|al-Ḫawārizmī}} == Indicating writing script == If necessary, an [[List of ISO 15924 codes|ISO 15924]] script code can be appended to a language code to indicate the use of a specific script. For instance, [[Tajik language|Tajik]] (<code>tg</code>) is a language which can be found written in [[Arabic script|Arabic]] (<code>Arab</code>), [[Latin script|Latin]] (<code>Latn</code>), and [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] (<code>Cyrl</code>) scripts, making it necessary to always specify which script is in use. In such a case, taking care to preserve the script code's capitalization, we could end up with the following code (language tags in bold): * <code><nowiki>Tajik ({{lang|</nowiki>'''tg-Arab'''<nowiki>|تاجیکی}}, ''{{lang|</nowiki>'''tg-Latn'''<nowiki>|toçikī}}'', {{lang|</nowiki>'''tg-Cyrl'''<nowiki>|тоҷикӣ}})</nowiki></code> : Tajik ({{lang|tg-Arab|تاجیکی}}, ''{{lang|tg-Latn|toçikī}}'', {{lang|tg-Cyrl|тоҷикӣ}}) Many languages, however, are so commonly written in one particular script that specifying the script is unnecessary. Russian, for instance, is almost exclusively written in Cyrillic, so there is no need to specify <code>ru-Cyrl</code>, just as <code>en-Latn</code> would be unnecessary for English. The [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry subtag registry] contains up-to-date information on which languages have common script codes that should be "suppressed". === Transliteration === To mark a language which has been [[transliteration|transliterated]] from one script into another, append the new script's code to the code of the original language. So if transliterating from Russian Cyrillic to a Latin script, the language tag on the transliteration would be <code>ru-Latn</code>. If the transliteration scheme is known, and listed as a "variant" in the [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry subtag registry], it can be appended after any script and region codes. For example, Chinese transliterated into a Latin script using the [[pinyin]] system would be <code>zh-Latn-pinyin</code>. As a convenience for transliterating to Latin scripts, and to work around browser styling issues with some language and script combinations, {{tl|transliteration}} may be used in place of {{tlf|lang}}: * <code><nowiki>Moscow ({{lang|ru|Москва}}, {{transliteration|ru|Moskva}})</nowiki></code> → Moscow ({{lang|ru|Москва}}, {{transliteration|ru|Moskva}}) To specify a transliteration scheme, such as the [[ISO 9|ISO transliteration standard for Cyrillic]], use {{tlc|transliteration|ru|ISO|Moskva}}. === Undetermined language === The {{tlf|lang}} template is not only used to specify the language of foreign words, but can also be used to specify a single symbol or character in a script, unrelated to any specific language. Many times the character or symbol is used in several languages, but when the article refers to the [[grapheme]] itself, the [[ISO 639‑2]] language code <code>und</code>, for Undetermined language, should be used: * <code><nowiki>The {{lang|und-Hani|字}} Han character has 6 strokes.</nowiki></code> : The {{lang|und-Hani|字}} Han character has 6 strokes. Han characters are used in Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese, and in this case the character is not used for any specific language. Note that the script code used is <code>Hani</code>, which specifies generic Han characters (Hanzi, Kanji, Hanja). Compare {{tl|script}} usage: * <code><nowiki>The {{script|Hani|字}} Han character has 6 strokes.</nowiki></code> : The {{script|Hani|字}} Han character has 6 strokes. === Languages with no code === Use the code "mis" (Miscellaneous) for any language not listed in ISO-639. == Indicating regional variant == When it is necessary to indicate region-specific language, an [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] country code, or [[UN M49]] region code, should be added to the language tag, taking care to preserve capitalization. For example, Portuguese (<code>pt</code>) as used in Brazil (<code>BR</code>) could be represented as <code>pt-BR</code>, and Spanish as used in Latin America as <code>es-419</code>. Additionally, language, script, and region codes can all appear in the same tag. For instance, the code <code>zh-Hant-TW</code> should be used for Chinese text written with [[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional Han characters]], containing words or expressions specific to [[Taiwan]]: * <code><nowiki>Taiwan ({{lang|zh-Hant-TW|臺灣}}, {{transliteration|zh|Táiwān}})</nowiki></code> : Taiwan ({{lang|zh-Hant-TW|臺灣}}, {{transliteration|zh|Táiwān}}) == Private-use language tags == This template supports various private-use [[IETF language tag]]s. Private-use tags contain the <code>-x-</code> singleton and are used by the template to identify languages that are different, for one reason or another, from the base language identified by the ISO 639 language tag. {{#invoke:Lang/documentor tool|private_tags}} == Links == If the {{tl|lang}} template will have to be combined with links one might be tempted to move the {{tl|lang}} template into the link so that it would only frame the link's text label, not the syntax elements of the links or other stylistic elements of some types of links. However, this does not work. The {{tl|lang}} will have to wrap the entire link, regardless if it is an internal or external link, or a link provided through a {{tl|ill}} interwiki link template: Works: * <code><nowiki>{{lang|en|[[Book of hours]]}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|en|[[Book of hours]]}} * <code><nowiki>{{lang|de|[[Book of hours|Stundenbuch]]}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|de|[[Book of hours|Stundenbuch]]}} * <code><nowiki>{{lang|he-LA|{{ill|Machsor Lipsiae|de}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{lang|he-LA|{{ill|Machsor Lipsiae|de}}}} Does not work: * <code><nowiki>[[{{lang|en|Book of hours}}]]</nowiki></code> → [[{{lang|en|Book of hours}}]] (never works) * <code><nowiki>[[Book of hours|{{lang|de|Stundenbuch}}]]</nowiki></code> → [[Book of hours|{{lang|de|Stundenbuch}}]] (does not work in article space, works on talk and some other types of pages) * <code><nowiki>{{ill|Machsor Lipsiae|de|lt={{lang|he-LA|Machsor Lipsiae}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{ill|Machsor Lipsiae|de|lt={{lang|he-LA|Machsor Lipsiae}}}} (does not work in article space, works on talk and some other types of pages) == Rationale == {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting|Foreign terms}} requires the use of {{tl|lang}} instead of manual <nowiki>''italics''</nowiki>. This is preferred for the following reasons: * [[WWW|Web]] [[Web browser|browsers]] can use the information in such [[:Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates|multilingual support templates]] to choose an appropriate font. ** This is great for [[CJK characters|CJK]] where a character can be given its language-specific shape but will fall back to another form if no appropriate font is found or if the preferred font lacks that character, for example because the language does not make use of that character: see {{section link|Han unification|Examples of language-dependent glyphs}} and [[User:Wikipeditor/CJK|these comparison tables with a screenshot]]. * For [[web accessibility|accessibility]] – [[screen reader]]s need language info to speak text in the correct language – and to satisfy [[Wikipedia:Accessibility#Text|Wikipedia accessibility guidelines]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/yahoo-search-results-now-natural-language-support-7318.html|title=Yahoo! search results now with natural language support|date=13 Mar 2008|first= Chris |last= Heilmann|work=[[Yahoo! Developer Network]] Blog|accessdate=28 Feb 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125024422/http://developer.yahoo.net/blog/archives/2008/03/yahoo_search_re.html|archivedate=25 Jan 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> * For [[spell checker]]s and grammar checkers, to match the text to the dictionary and syntax of the correct language. * To help browsers choose appropriate [[quotation mark]]s,<ref name="qa-lang-why">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-lang-why|title=Why use the language attribute?|date=18 November 2014|first= Richard |last= Ishida | publisher=World Wide Web Consortium | issue=Previously by Deborah Cawkwell, BBC World Service|accessdate=1 Mar 2015}}</ref> and make decisions about [[Hyphen|hyphenation]],<ref name="qa-lang-why"/> [[orthographic ligature|ligature]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/#font-variant-ligatures-prop|title=6.4 Ligatures: the font-variant-ligatures property|work=CSS Fonts Module Level 3 W3C Candidate Recommendation 3 October 2013}}</ref> and spacing.<ref name="qa-lang-why"/> * Users can apply styles to languages in their [[style sheet (web development)|style sheet]]s (useful for editors). * [[Web search engine|Search engine]]s can use this information when [[search engine indexing|indexing]] text. * Facilitates better data-scraping, parsing and re-use. * Useful for application developers who re-publish Wikipedia (also see {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|Other languages}}). * Useful for research or compiling statistics about language use in Wikipedia. == Applying styles == Registered users can apply custom [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] styles to articles by placing style declarations in their user style sheet. The user style sheet can be created at [[Special:Mypage/common.css]]. For more information, see [[Help:User style]]. The following examples should work in most [[List of web browsers|modern browsers]]. To apply a specific font to all text marked as Russian of any script or region: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> [lang|=ru] { font-family: fonteskaya; } /* or */ :lang(ru) { font-family: fonteskaya; } </syntaxhighlight> To apply a specific font to text marked simply as Russian: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> [lang=ru] { font-family: fonteskaya; } </syntaxhighlight> To apply a color to all text marked with any language: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> [lang] { color: green; } </syntaxhighlight> If a font name contains characters besides basic Latin letters or hyphens, it is a good idea to enclose it in quotation marks because some such characters have special meanings (the most common case needing quotation marks is a multi-word font name with space characters). Quotation marks are also required for font families containing generic-family keywords ('inherit', 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'monospace', 'fantasy', and 'cursive'). See the [http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/fonts.html#font-family-prop W3C] for more details. You can combine this with font imports in your user stylesheet, for example, to show all German text in [[Fraktur]] and all Urdu in [[Noto fonts|Noto]] [[Nastaʿlīq script|Nastaliq]] Urdu Regular: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=UnifrakturMaguntia); @import url(http://fonts.googleapis.com/earlyaccess/notonastaliqurdudraft.css); :lang(de) { font-family: UnifrakturMaguntia; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; } :lang(ur) { font-family: "Noto Nastaliq Urdu Regular", "Noto Nastaliq Urdu"; } </syntaxhighlight> then the following wikitext will look like the image below: <pre> Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich {{lang|de-Latf|Victor jagt zwölf Boxkämpfer quer über den Sylter Deich}} ٹھنڈ میں، ایک قحط زدہ گاؤں سے گزرتے وقت ایک چڑچڑے، بااثر و فارغ شخص کو بعض جل پری نما اژدہے نظر آئے۔ {{lang|ur|ٹھنڈ میں، ایک قحط زدہ گاؤں سے گزرتے وقت ایک چڑچڑے، بااثر و فارغ شخص کو بعض جل پری نما اژدہے نظر آئے۔}} </pre> {{Wide image|Pangrams in DE and UR in Arial, UnifrakturMaguntia and Noto Nastaliq Urdu.png|1000px}} == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx template errors}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1}} * {{Category link with count|Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Indicate that a given span of text belongs to a particular language. Allows browsers to correctly present and pronounce foreign languages.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Language tag", "description": "A language tag, or an ISO 639 language code.", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "fr", "aliases": [ "code" ] }, "2": { "label": "Text", "description": "The text belonging to the language specified.", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Je suis française.", "aliases": [ "text" ] }, "rtl": { "label": "Right to left", "description": "Indicates that the language should be displayed from right to left.", "example": "yes", "type": "string", "default": "no" }, "italic": { "aliases": [ "italics", "i" ], "label": "Italicize", "description": "Italicizes the text", "default": "yes", "example": "no", "type": "boolean" }, "size": { "label": "Font-size", "description": "sets font-size", "example": "120%, 1.2em" }, "cat": {}, "nocat": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Lang-x}} * {{tl|IPA}} * {{tl|Title language}} * [[:Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates]] * [[Lists of ISO 639 codes]] (language codes) ** {{tl|ISO 639 name}} * [[List of ISO 15924 codes]] (script codes) * [[List of ISO romanizations|List of ISO transliterations]] (transliteration codes) * {{tl|cleanup lang}} (for articles which should use this template, but do not yet) * {{tl|transliteration}} (for romanisation of languages not natively written in the Latin alphabet) * {{tl|script}} (for specific characters) * {{tl|wikt-lang}} (to simultaneously tag text as a language and link to Wiktionary) * {{tl|in lang}} (for visually marking external links to foreign-language content) * {{tl|interlanguage link}} == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] ** [http://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/Overview.en.php Language tags in HTML and XML] – Overview ** [http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/ Authoring HTML: Language declarations] – Latest W3C Working Draft ** [http://www.w3.org/International/articles/bcp47/ Understanding the New Language Tags] ** [http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-css-lang FAQ: Styling using the lang attribute] * [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] ** [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry IANA Language Subtag Registry] ** [http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4646.txt Tags for Identifying Languages] ({{IETF RFC|4646}}) ** [http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4647.txt Matching of Language Tags] ({{IETF RFC|4647}}) ** [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags Language tags] (obsolete per {{IETF RFC|4646}}) * [[Mozilla Firefox]] ** [https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192636 Bug with script selection] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Language tag handling templates]] }}</includeonly> 3cvxnz24w9ruxl02voz3v389yvs97jw 828 11132 84200 2022-05-19T07:45:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local floor = math.floor local function errorf(level, ...) if type(level) == "number" then return error(string.format(...), level + 1) else -- level is actually the format string. return error(string.format(level, ...), 2) end end local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) local low, mid, high low, high = 1, ranges.length or require "Module:TableTools".length(ranges) while low <= high do mid = floor((low + high) / 2) local range = ranges[mid] if codepoint < range[1] then high = mid - 1 elseif codepoint <= range[2] then return range, mid else low = mid + 1 end end return nil, mid end p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search --[[ local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges) for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do if range[1] <= codepoint and codepoint <= range[2] then return range end end end --]] -- Load a module by indexing "loader" with the name of the module minus the -- "Module:Unicode data/" part. For instance, loader.blocks returns -- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be -- returned. local loader = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (self, key) local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Unicode data/" .. key) if not success then data = false end self[key] = data return data end }) -- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names, -- see "Hangul Syllable Name Generation" in section 3.12 of the -- Unicode Specification: -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf local name_hooks = { { 0x00, 0x1F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- C0 control characters { 0x7F, 0x9F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- DEL and C1 control characters { 0x3400, 0x4DBF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A { 0x4E00, 0x9FFF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph { 0xAC00, 0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00 return ("HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s"):format( Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)], Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count) / Hangul_data.trail_count)], Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count] ) end }, -- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates { 0xD800, 0xDFFF, "<surrogate-%04X>" }, { 0xE000, 0xF8FF, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Private Use -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs { 0xF900, 0xFA6D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0xFA70, 0xFAD9, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0x17000, 0x187F7, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph { 0x18800, 0x18AFF, function (codepoint) return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x187FF) end }, { 0x18D00, 0x18D08, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement { 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Nushu { 0x20000, 0x2A6DF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B { 0x2A700, 0x2B738, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C { 0x2B740, 0x2B81D, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension D { 0x2B820, 0x2CEA1, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E { 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F -- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane) { 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17) end}, { 0x30000, 0x3134A, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G { 0xF0000, 0xFFFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Plane 15 Private Use { 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" } -- Plane 16 Private Use } name_hooks.length = #name_hooks local name_range_cache local function generate_name(data, codepoint) if type(data) == "string" then return data:format(codepoint) else return data(codepoint) end end --[[ -- Checks that the code point is a number and in range. -- Does not check whether code point is an integer. -- Not used local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val) require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number') if codepoint < 0 or 0x10FFFF < codepoint then errorf("Codepoint %04X out of range", codepoint) end end --]] -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8 function p.lookup_name(codepoint) -- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned -- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters: -- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4 if 0xFDD0 <= codepoint and (codepoint <= 0xFDEF or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) >= 0xFFFE) then return ("<noncharacter-%04X>"):format(codepoint) end if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used "name hook" applies to this code point. and codepoint >= name_range_cache[1] and codepoint <= name_range_cache[2] then return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint) end local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks) if range then name_range_cache = range return generate_name(range[3], codepoint) end local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] if data and data[codepoint] then return data[codepoint] -- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters. -- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter, -- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved, -- so it must be reserved. else return ("<reserved-%04X>"):format(codepoint) end end --[[ -- No image data modules on Wikipedia yet. function p.lookup_image(codepoint) local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] if data then return data[codepoint] end end --]] local planes = { [ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane"; [ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane"; [ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane"; [ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane"; [14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane"; [15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A"; [16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B"; } -- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable. local blocks local function block_iter(blocks, i) i = i + 1 local data = blocks[i] if data then -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData. return i, data[1], data[2], data[3] end end -- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks. function p.enum_blocks() local blocks = loader.blocks return block_iter, blocks, 0 end function p.lookup_plane(codepoint) local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000) return planes[i] or ("Plane %u"):format(i) end function p.lookup_block(codepoint) local blocks = loader.blocks local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks) if range then return range[3] else return "No Block" end end function p.get_block_info(name) for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do if block[3] == name then return block end end end function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename) local has_nonws = false for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do if (cp == 0x0023) -- # or (cp == 0x005B) -- [ or (cp == 0x005D) -- ] or (cp == 0x007B) -- { or (cp == 0x007C) -- | or (cp == 0x007D) -- } or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR or ((cp >= 0x2000) and (cp <= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER then return false end local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp) if not printable then return false end if result ~= "space-separator" then has_nonws = true end end return has_nonws end local function manual_unpack(what, from) if what[from + 1] == nil then return what[from] end local result = {} from = from or 1 for i, item in ipairs(what) do if i >= from then table.insert(result, item) end end return unpack(result) end local function compare_ranges(range1, range2) return range1[1] < range2[1] end -- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains "singles" (a -- code point-to-data map) and "ranges" (an array containing arrays that contain -- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that -- range). -- "loader" loads and returns the "singles" and "ranges" tables. -- "match_func" is passed the code point and either the data or the "dots", and -- generates the final result of the function. -- The varargs ("dots") describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't -- a match. -- In case the function is used more than once, "cache" saves ranges that have -- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there -- was no match. local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...) local dots = { ... } local cache = {} local singles, ranges return function (codepoint) if not singles then local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage] singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges end if singles[codepoint] then return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint]) end local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache) if range then return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) end local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) if range then table.insert(cache, range) table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) end if ranges[index] then local dots_range if codepoint > ranges[index][2] then dots_range = { ranges[index][2] + 1, ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF, unpack(dots) } else -- codepoint < range[index][1] dots_range = { ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0, ranges[index][1] - 1, unpack(dots) } end table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) end return match_func(codepoint) end end -- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]], -- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default -- if the combining class value is not found in this data module. -- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not. -- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for -- more information. p.is_combining = memo_lookup( "combining", function (codepoint, combining_class) return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false end, 0) function p.add_dotted_circle(str) return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, ".", function(char) if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then return '◌' .. char end end)) end local lookup_control = memo_lookup( "control", function (codepoint, ccc) return ccc or "assigned" end, "assigned") p.lookup_control = lookup_control function p.is_assigned(codepoint) return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= "unassigned" end function p.is_printable(codepoint) local result = lookup_control(codepoint) return (result == "assigned") or (result == "space-separator"), result end function p.is_whitespace(codepoint) local result = lookup_control(codepoint) return (result == "space-separator"), result end p.lookup_category = memo_lookup( "category", function (codepoint, category) return category end, "Cn") local lookup_script = memo_lookup( "scripts", function (codepoint, script_code) return script_code or 'Zzzz' end, "Zzzz") p.lookup_script = lookup_script function p.get_best_script(str) -- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings! require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") -- Convert HTML character references (including named character references, -- or character entities) to characters. str = mw.text.decode(str, true) local scripts = {} for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) -- Ignore "Inherited", "Undetermined", or "Uncoded" scripts. if not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then scripts[script] = true end end -- If scripts does not contain two or more keys, -- return first and only key (script code) in table. if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then return next(scripts) end -- else return majority script, or else "Zzzz"? end function p.is_Latin(str) require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") str = mw.text.decode(str, true) -- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the -- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least -- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest -- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. -- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek -- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. -- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article. if not str:find "[\205-\244]" then for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do if lookup_script(codepoint) == "Latn" then return true end end end local Latn = false for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) if script == "Latn" then Latn = true elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then return false end end return Latn end -- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left -- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts. function p.is_rtl(str) require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") str = mw.text.decode(str, true) -- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the -- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only -- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point -- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block. if not str:find "[\214-\244]" then return false end local result = false local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do local script = lookup_script(codepoint) if rtl[script] then result = true elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then return false end end return result end local function get_codepoint(args, arg) local codepoint_string = args[arg] or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg)) local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16) or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base", tostring(arg)) if not (0 <= codepoint and codepoint <= 0x10FFFF) then errorf(2, "code point in parameter %s out of range", tostring(arg)) end return codepoint end local function get_func(args, arg, prefix) local suffix = args[arg] or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg)) suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix) local func_name = prefix .. suffix local func = p[func_name] or errorf(2, "There is no function '%s'", func_name) return func end -- This function allows any of the "lookup" functions to be invoked. The first -- parameter is the word after "lookup_"; the second parameter is the code point -- in hexadecimal base. function p.lookup(frame) local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "lookup_") local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) local result = func(codepoint) if func == p.lookup_name then -- Prevent code point labels such as <control-0000> from being -- interpreted as HTML tags. result = result:gsub("<", "&lt;") end return result end function p.is(frame) local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "is_") -- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings. if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then return (func(frame.args[2])) else -- The rest take code points. local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result. end end return p ow05ajlaszuscigi8a54dfk393ds43k 828 11133 84201 2022-05-19T07:46:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | {{#invoke: Unicode_data/testcases | run_tests}} | {{high risk|952513}} }} == Usage == This module provides functions that access information on Unicode code points. The information is retrieved from data modules generated from the [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ Unicode Character Database], or derived by rules given in the [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/UnicodeStandard-11.0.pdf Unicode Specification]. It and its submodules were copied from English Wiktionary and then modified; see [[wikt:Module:Unicode data|there]] for more information. ==Parameters and functions== ===code point=== The code point is to be entered as '''hexadecimal value'''. For example, {{unichar|A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}}: :{{mono|1={{!}}A9<sub>hex</sub>}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0xA9<sub>hex</sub>}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0x00A9<sub>hex</sub>}} :{{mono|1={{!}}0x00a9<sub>hex</sub>}} :<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|0x00A9}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|0x00A9}} Incorrect or unintended results: :{{mono|1=169<sub>dec</sub>}}: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|169}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|169}} {{nay}} &mdash;"U+00A9" {{code|1=&copy;}} expected; but is read as {{mono|1=00A9<sub>hex</sub>}}&nbsp;(that is,&nbsp;{{mono|1={{hex2dec|169}}<sub>dec</sub>}} :{{mono|1=U+00A9}} <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|U+00A9}}</nowiki></code> {{nay}} &mdash;do not use "U+" prefix :{{mono|1=غ}} <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|غ}}</nowiki></code> {{nay}} &mdash;cannot enter a character as codepoint ==="{{mono|lookup}}" and "{{mono|1=is}}" functions=== ; {{code|lang=lua|lookup, is}}: Template-invokable functions that allow access to the functions starting with <code>lookup</code> and <code>is</code>.For most of the functions, add the code point in hexadecimal base as the next parameter. For <code>is"{{!}}Latin</code>, <code>is{{!}}rtl</code>, and <code>is{{!}}valid_pagename</code>, add character string. [[HTML character references]] in the text are decoded by the module into code points. :For example, {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data|is|Latin|àzàhàr̃iyyā̀}} &rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|is|Latin|àzàhàr̃iyyā̀}}. :Internally, in modules, these functions are named using underscore: {{code|lang=lua|lookup_name{{!}}code point}} &larr; {{code|lang=lua|lookup_name}} :For <code>&amp;A9;</code> <big>&#xA9;</big>: {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|A9}}&nbsp;&rarr; {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|A9}} ==Functions overview== {{Module:Unicode data/overview/doc}} ==Data modules== The data used by functions in this module is found in [[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/|submodules]]. Some are generated by [[AWK]] scripts shown at [[wikt:User:Kephir/Unicode|User:Kephir/Unicode]] on English Wiktionary, others by Lua scripts on the <code>/make</code> subpages of the submodules. * [[Module:Unicode data/age]]: 'Age' of a character, that is: version introduction number. * [[Module:Unicode data/aliases]]: the formal name aliases for characters (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NameAliases.txt NameAliases.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]: the list of Unicode blocks (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt Blocks.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/category]]: data mapping characters to their General Category (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedGeneralCategory.txt DerivedGeneralCategory.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/control]]: data for identifying characters that belong to the General Categories of Separator and Other (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedGeneralCategory.txt DerivedGeneralCategory.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/combining]]: data mapping characters to their Combining Classes (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedCombiningClass.txt DerivedCombiningClass.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/Hangul]]: data used to generate the names of [[Hangul]] syllables (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Jamo.txt Jamo.txt]) * [[Module:Unicode data/scripts]]: data mapping characters to their Unicode script properties (from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt Scripts.txt]). The name data modules ([[Special:PrefixIndex/Module:Unicode data/names/|Module:Unicode data/names/<var>xxx</var>]]) were compiled from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt UnicodeData.txt]. Each one contains, at maximum, code points U+xxx000 to U+xxxFFF. {{#invoke:Unicode data/documentation functions|show_modules}} ==Copyright== The Unicode database is released by Unicode Inc. under the following terms: <blockquote> Copyright © 1991-2018 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. Distributed under the Terms of Use in https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Unicode data files and any associated documentation (the "Data Files") or Unicode software and any associated documentation (the "Software") to deal in the Data Files or Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Data Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the Data Files or Software are furnished to do so, provided that either (a) this copyright and permission notice appear with all copies of the Data Files or Software, or (b) this copyright and permission notice appear in associated Documentation. THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA FILES OR SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder. </blockquote> ==Known issues== * Reading data like <code>[[:Module:Unicode data/aliases]]</code> not provided nor documented ==See also== * '''Named entities''': for example, {{unichar|22C1|N-ARY LOGICAL OR}}: <code><nowiki>{{#</nowiki>invoke:[[:Module:LoadData|LoadData]]|[[:Module:Numcr2namecr|Numcr2namecr]]|0x22C1}}</code> &rarr; {{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Unicode character modules|Data]] [[Category:Lua metamodules]] }}</includeonly> g98zbps4mv9q2pdywi2bowt7bw0fhbw 10 11134 84205 2022-05-19T08:13:37Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:High-use]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:High-use]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R avoided double redirect|1=Template:High-risk}} {{R from alternative hyphenation|'''{{-r|Template:High-risk}}'''}}{{R from template shortcut}} }} 4ncpolv9erz3bhad2qli3idic42ys0y 828 11135 84206 2022-05-19T08:15:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/scripts Scribunto text/plain --[=[ -- Official Unicode script values for individual codepoints and ranges of -- codepoints. -- https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt provided -- the script names, and https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt -- provided script codes corresponding to the names (see [[Script (Unicode)]]). --]=] local data = { singles = { [0x000AA] = "Latn", [0x000BA] = "Latn", [0x000D7] = "Zyyy", [0x000F7] = "Zyyy", [0x00374] = "Zyyy", [0x0037E] = "Zyyy", [0x0037F] = "Grek", [0x00384] = "Grek", [0x00385] = "Zyyy", [0x00386] = "Grek", [0x00387] = "Zyyy", [0x0038C] = "Grek", [0x00605] = "Zyyy", [0x0060C] = "Zyyy", [0x0061B] = "Zyyy", [0x0061F] = "Zyyy", [0x00640] = "Zyyy", [0x00670] = "Zinh", [0x006DD] = "Zyyy", [0x0085E] = "Mand", [0x008E2] = "Zyyy", [0x009B2] = "Beng", [0x009D7] = "Beng", [0x00A3C] = "Guru", [0x00A51] = "Guru", [0x00A5E] = "Guru", [0x00AD0] = "Gujr", [0x00B9C] = "Taml", [0x00BD0] = "Taml", [0x00BD7] = "Taml", [0x00C5D] = "Telu", [0x00DBD] = "Sinh", [0x00DCA] = "Sinh", [0x00DD6] = "Sinh", [0x00E3F] = "Zyyy", [0x00E84] = "Laoo", [0x00EA5] = "Laoo", [0x00EC6] = "Laoo", [0x010C7] = "Geor", [0x010CD] = "Geor", [0x010FB] = "Zyyy", [0x01258] = "Ethi", [0x012C0] = "Ethi", [0x0171F] = "Tglg", [0x01804] = "Mong", [0x01805] = "Zyyy", [0x01940] = "Limb", [0x01CD3] = "Zyyy", [0x01CE1] = "Zyyy", [0x01CED] = "Zinh", [0x01CF4] = "Zinh", [0x01CFA] = "Zyyy", [0x01D2B] = "Cyrl", [0x01D78] = "Cyrl", [0x01DBF] = "Grek", [0x01F59] = "Grek", [0x01F5B] = "Grek", [0x01F5D] = "Grek", [0x02071] = "Latn", [0x0207F] = "Latn", [0x02126] = "Grek", [0x02132] = "Latn", [0x0214E] = "Latn", [0x02D27] = "Geor", [0x02D2D] = "Geor", [0x02D7F] = "Tfng", [0x03005] = "Hani", [0x03006] = "Zyyy", [0x03007] = "Hani", [0x030A0] = "Zyyy", [0x032FF] = "Zyyy", [0x0A7D3] = "Latn", [0x0A92E] = "Zyyy", [0x0A92F] = "Kali", [0x0A95F] = "Rjng", [0x0A9CF] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB5B] = "Zyyy", [0x0AB65] = "Grek", [0x0FB3E] = "Hebr", [0x0FDCF] = "Arab", [0x0FEFF] = "Zyyy", [0x0FF70] = "Zyyy", [0x101A0] = "Grek", [0x101FD] = "Zinh", [0x102E0] = "Zinh", [0x1039F] = "Ugar", [0x1056F] = "Aghb", [0x10808] = "Cprt", [0x1083C] = "Cprt", [0x1083F] = "Cprt", [0x1091F] = "Phnx", [0x1093F] = "Lydi", [0x1107F] = "Brah", [0x110CD] = "Kthi", [0x11288] = "Mult", [0x1133B] = "Zinh", [0x11350] = "Gran", [0x11357] = "Gran", [0x118FF] = "Wara", [0x11909] = "Diak", [0x11D3A] = "Gonm", [0x11FB0] = "Lisu", [0x11FFF] = "Taml", [0x16FE0] = "Tang", [0x16FE1] = "Nshu", [0x16FE4] = "Kits", [0x1B000] = "Kana", [0x1D4A2] = "Zyyy", [0x1D4BB] = "Zyyy", [0x1D546] = "Zyyy", [0x1E2FF] = "Wcho", [0x1EE24] = "Arab", [0x1EE27] = "Arab", [0x1EE39] = "Arab", [0x1EE3B] = "Arab", [0x1EE42] = "Arab", [0x1EE47] = "Arab", [0x1EE49] = "Arab", [0x1EE4B] = "Arab", [0x1EE54] = "Arab", [0x1EE57] = "Arab", [0x1EE59] = "Arab", [0x1EE5B] = "Arab", [0x1EE5D] = "Arab", [0x1EE5F] = "Arab", [0x1EE64] = "Arab", [0x1EE7E] = "Arab", [0x1F200] = "Hira", [0x1F7F0] = "Zyyy", [0xE0001] = "Zyyy", }, ranges = { { 0x00000, 0x00040, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00041, 0x0005A, "Latn" }, { 0x0005B, 0x00060, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00061, 0x0007A, "Latn" }, { 0x0007B, 0x000A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000AB, 0x000B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000BB, 0x000BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x000C0, 0x000D6, "Latn" }, { 0x000D8, 0x000F6, "Latn" }, { 0x000F8, 0x002B8, "Latn" }, { 0x002B9, 0x002DF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002E0, 0x002E4, "Latn" }, { 0x002E5, 0x002E9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x002EA, 0x002EB, "Bopo" }, { 0x002EC, 0x002FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00300, 0x0036F, "Zinh" }, { 0x00370, 0x00373, "Grek" }, { 0x00375, 0x00377, "Grek" }, { 0x0037A, 0x0037D, "Grek" }, { 0x00388, 0x0038A, "Grek" }, { 0x0038E, 0x003A1, "Grek" }, { 0x003A3, 0x003E1, "Grek" }, { 0x003E2, 0x003EF, "Copt" }, { 0x003F0, 0x003FF, "Grek" }, { 0x00400, 0x00484, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00485, 0x00486, "Zinh" }, { 0x00487, 0x0052F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x00531, 0x00556, "Armn" }, { 0x00559, 0x0058A, "Armn" }, { 0x0058D, 0x0058F, "Armn" }, { 0x00591, 0x005C7, "Hebr" }, { 0x005D0, 0x005EA, "Hebr" }, { 0x005EF, 0x005F4, "Hebr" }, { 0x00600, 0x00604, "Arab" }, { 0x00606, 0x0060B, "Arab" }, { 0x0060D, 0x0061A, "Arab" }, { 0x0061C, 0x0061E, "Arab" }, { 0x00620, 0x0063F, "Arab" }, { 0x00641, 0x0064A, "Arab" }, { 0x0064B, 0x00655, "Zinh" }, { 0x00656, 0x0066F, "Arab" }, { 0x00671, 0x006DC, "Arab" }, { 0x006DE, 0x006FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00700, 0x0070D, "Syrc" }, { 0x0070F, 0x0074A, "Syrc" }, { 0x0074D, 0x0074F, "Syrc" }, { 0x00750, 0x0077F, "Arab" }, { 0x00780, 0x007B1, "Thaa" }, { 0x007C0, 0x007FA, "Nkoo" }, { 0x007FD, 0x007FF, "Nkoo" }, { 0x00800, 0x0082D, "Samr" }, { 0x00830, 0x0083E, "Samr" }, { 0x00840, 0x0085B, "Mand" }, { 0x00860, 0x0086A, "Syrc" }, { 0x00870, 0x0088E, "Arab" }, { 0x00890, 0x00891, "Arab" }, { 0x00898, 0x008E1, "Arab" }, { 0x008E3, 0x008FF, "Arab" }, { 0x00900, 0x00950, "Deva" }, { 0x00951, 0x00954, "Zinh" }, { 0x00955, 0x00963, "Deva" }, { 0x00964, 0x00965, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00966, 0x0097F, "Deva" }, { 0x00980, 0x00983, "Beng" }, { 0x00985, 0x0098C, "Beng" }, { 0x0098F, 0x00990, "Beng" }, { 0x00993, 0x009A8, "Beng" }, { 0x009AA, 0x009B0, "Beng" }, { 0x009B6, 0x009B9, "Beng" }, { 0x009BC, 0x009C4, "Beng" }, { 0x009C7, 0x009C8, "Beng" }, { 0x009CB, 0x009CE, "Beng" }, { 0x009DC, 0x009DD, "Beng" }, { 0x009DF, 0x009E3, "Beng" }, { 0x009E6, 0x009FE, "Beng" }, { 0x00A01, 0x00A03, "Guru" }, { 0x00A05, 0x00A0A, "Guru" }, { 0x00A0F, 0x00A10, "Guru" }, { 0x00A13, 0x00A28, "Guru" }, { 0x00A2A, 0x00A30, "Guru" }, { 0x00A32, 0x00A33, "Guru" }, { 0x00A35, 0x00A36, "Guru" }, { 0x00A38, 0x00A39, "Guru" }, { 0x00A3E, 0x00A42, "Guru" }, { 0x00A47, 0x00A48, "Guru" }, { 0x00A4B, 0x00A4D, "Guru" }, { 0x00A59, 0x00A5C, "Guru" }, { 0x00A66, 0x00A76, "Guru" }, { 0x00A81, 0x00A83, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A85, 0x00A8D, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A8F, 0x00A91, "Gujr" }, { 0x00A93, 0x00AA8, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AAA, 0x00AB0, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB2, 0x00AB3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AB5, 0x00AB9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ABC, 0x00AC5, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AC7, 0x00AC9, "Gujr" }, { 0x00ACB, 0x00ACD, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE0, 0x00AE3, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AE6, 0x00AF1, "Gujr" }, { 0x00AF9, 0x00AFF, "Gujr" }, { 0x00B01, 0x00B03, "Orya" }, { 0x00B05, 0x00B0C, "Orya" }, { 0x00B0F, 0x00B10, "Orya" }, { 0x00B13, 0x00B28, "Orya" }, { 0x00B2A, 0x00B30, "Orya" }, { 0x00B32, 0x00B33, "Orya" }, { 0x00B35, 0x00B39, "Orya" }, { 0x00B3C, 0x00B44, "Orya" }, { 0x00B47, 0x00B48, "Orya" }, { 0x00B4B, 0x00B4D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B55, 0x00B57, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5C, 0x00B5D, "Orya" }, { 0x00B5F, 0x00B63, "Orya" }, { 0x00B66, 0x00B77, "Orya" }, { 0x00B82, 0x00B83, "Taml" }, { 0x00B85, 0x00B8A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B8E, 0x00B90, "Taml" }, { 0x00B92, 0x00B95, "Taml" }, { 0x00B99, 0x00B9A, "Taml" }, { 0x00B9E, 0x00B9F, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA3, 0x00BA4, "Taml" }, { 0x00BA8, 0x00BAA, "Taml" }, { 0x00BAE, 0x00BB9, "Taml" }, { 0x00BBE, 0x00BC2, "Taml" }, { 0x00BC6, 0x00BC8, "Taml" }, { 0x00BCA, 0x00BCD, "Taml" }, { 0x00BE6, 0x00BFA, "Taml" }, { 0x00C00, 0x00C0C, "Telu" }, { 0x00C0E, 0x00C10, "Telu" }, { 0x00C12, 0x00C28, "Telu" }, { 0x00C2A, 0x00C39, "Telu" }, { 0x00C3C, 0x00C44, "Telu" }, { 0x00C46, 0x00C48, "Telu" }, { 0x00C4A, 0x00C4D, "Telu" }, { 0x00C55, 0x00C56, "Telu" }, { 0x00C58, 0x00C5A, "Telu" }, { 0x00C60, 0x00C63, "Telu" }, { 0x00C66, 0x00C6F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C77, 0x00C7F, "Telu" }, { 0x00C80, 0x00C8C, "Knda" }, { 0x00C8E, 0x00C90, "Knda" }, { 0x00C92, 0x00CA8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CAA, 0x00CB3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CB5, 0x00CB9, "Knda" }, { 0x00CBC, 0x00CC4, "Knda" }, { 0x00CC6, 0x00CC8, "Knda" }, { 0x00CCA, 0x00CCD, "Knda" }, { 0x00CD5, 0x00CD6, "Knda" }, { 0x00CDD, 0x00CDE, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE0, 0x00CE3, "Knda" }, { 0x00CE6, 0x00CEF, "Knda" }, { 0x00CF1, 0x00CF2, "Knda" }, { 0x00D00, 0x00D0C, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D0E, 0x00D10, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D12, 0x00D44, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D46, 0x00D48, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D4A, 0x00D4F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D54, 0x00D63, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D66, 0x00D7F, "Mlym" }, { 0x00D81, 0x00D83, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D85, 0x00D96, "Sinh" }, { 0x00D9A, 0x00DB1, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DB3, 0x00DBB, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DC0, 0x00DC6, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DCF, 0x00DD4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DD8, 0x00DDF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DE6, 0x00DEF, "Sinh" }, { 0x00DF2, 0x00DF4, "Sinh" }, { 0x00E01, 0x00E3A, "Thai" }, { 0x00E40, 0x00E5B, "Thai" }, { 0x00E81, 0x00E82, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E86, 0x00E8A, "Laoo" }, { 0x00E8C, 0x00EA3, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EA7, 0x00EBD, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC0, 0x00EC4, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EC8, 0x00ECD, "Laoo" }, { 0x00ED0, 0x00ED9, "Laoo" }, { 0x00EDC, 0x00EDF, "Laoo" }, { 0x00F00, 0x00F47, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F49, 0x00F6C, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F71, 0x00F97, "Tibt" }, { 0x00F99, 0x00FBC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FBE, 0x00FCC, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FCE, 0x00FD4, "Tibt" }, { 0x00FD5, 0x00FD8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x00FD9, 0x00FDA, "Tibt" }, { 0x01000, 0x0109F, "Mymr" }, { 0x010A0, 0x010C5, "Geor" }, { 0x010D0, 0x010FA, "Geor" }, { 0x010FC, 0x010FF, "Geor" }, { 0x01100, 0x011FF, "Hang" }, { 0x01200, 0x01248, "Ethi" }, { 0x0124A, 0x0124D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01250, 0x01256, "Ethi" }, { 0x0125A, 0x0125D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01260, 0x01288, "Ethi" }, { 0x0128A, 0x0128D, "Ethi" }, { 0x01290, 0x012B0, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B2, 0x012B5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012B8, 0x012BE, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C2, 0x012C5, "Ethi" }, { 0x012C8, 0x012D6, "Ethi" }, { 0x012D8, 0x01310, "Ethi" }, { 0x01312, 0x01315, "Ethi" }, { 0x01318, 0x0135A, "Ethi" }, { 0x0135D, 0x0137C, "Ethi" }, { 0x01380, 0x01399, "Ethi" }, { 0x013A0, 0x013F5, "Cher" }, { 0x013F8, 0x013FD, "Cher" }, { 0x01400, 0x0167F, "Cans" }, { 0x01680, 0x0169C, "Ogam" }, { 0x016A0, 0x016EA, "Runr" }, { 0x016EB, 0x016ED, "Zyyy" }, { 0x016EE, 0x016F8, "Runr" }, { 0x01700, 0x01715, "Tglg" }, { 0x01720, 0x01734, "Hano" }, { 0x01735, 0x01736, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01740, 0x01753, "Buhd" }, { 0x01760, 0x0176C, "Tagb" }, { 0x0176E, 0x01770, "Tagb" }, { 0x01772, 0x01773, "Tagb" }, { 0x01780, 0x017DD, "Khmr" }, { 0x017E0, 0x017E9, "Khmr" }, { 0x017F0, 0x017F9, "Khmr" }, { 0x01800, 0x01801, "Mong" }, { 0x01802, 0x01803, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01806, 0x01819, "Mong" }, { 0x01820, 0x01878, "Mong" }, { 0x01880, 0x018AA, "Mong" }, { 0x018B0, 0x018F5, "Cans" }, { 0x01900, 0x0191E, "Limb" }, { 0x01920, 0x0192B, "Limb" }, { 0x01930, 0x0193B, "Limb" }, { 0x01944, 0x0194F, "Limb" }, { 0x01950, 0x0196D, "Tale" }, { 0x01970, 0x01974, "Tale" }, { 0x01980, 0x019AB, "Talu" }, { 0x019B0, 0x019C9, "Talu" }, { 0x019D0, 0x019DA, "Talu" }, { 0x019DE, 0x019DF, "Talu" }, { 0x019E0, 0x019FF, "Khmr" }, { 0x01A00, 0x01A1B, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A1E, 0x01A1F, "Bugi" }, { 0x01A20, 0x01A5E, "Lana" }, { 0x01A60, 0x01A7C, "Lana" }, { 0x01A7F, 0x01A89, "Lana" }, { 0x01A90, 0x01A99, "Lana" }, { 0x01AA0, 0x01AAD, "Lana" }, { 0x01AB0, 0x01ACE, "Zinh" }, { 0x01B00, 0x01B4C, "Bali" }, { 0x01B50, 0x01B7E, "Bali" }, { 0x01B80, 0x01BBF, "Sund" }, { 0x01BC0, 0x01BF3, "Batk" }, { 0x01BFC, 0x01BFF, "Batk" }, { 0x01C00, 0x01C37, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C3B, 0x01C49, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C4D, 0x01C4F, "Lepc" }, { 0x01C50, 0x01C7F, "Olck" }, { 0x01C80, 0x01C88, "Cyrl" }, { 0x01C90, 0x01CBA, "Geor" }, { 0x01CBD, 0x01CBF, "Geor" }, { 0x01CC0, 0x01CC7, "Sund" }, { 0x01CD0, 0x01CD2, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CD4, 0x01CE0, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE2, 0x01CE8, "Zinh" }, { 0x01CE9, 0x01CEC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CEE, 0x01CF3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF5, 0x01CF7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x01CF8, 0x01CF9, "Zinh" }, { 0x01D00, 0x01D25, "Latn" }, { 0x01D26, 0x01D2A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D2C, 0x01D5C, "Latn" }, { 0x01D5D, 0x01D61, "Grek" }, { 0x01D62, 0x01D65, "Latn" }, { 0x01D66, 0x01D6A, "Grek" }, { 0x01D6B, 0x01D77, "Latn" }, { 0x01D79, 0x01DBE, "Latn" }, { 0x01DC0, 0x01DFF, "Zinh" }, { 0x01E00, 0x01EFF, "Latn" }, { 0x01F00, 0x01F15, "Grek" }, { 0x01F18, 0x01F1D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F20, 0x01F45, "Grek" }, { 0x01F48, 0x01F4D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F50, 0x01F57, "Grek" }, { 0x01F5F, 0x01F7D, "Grek" }, { 0x01F80, 0x01FB4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FB6, 0x01FC4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FC6, 0x01FD3, "Grek" }, { 0x01FD6, 0x01FDB, "Grek" }, { 0x01FDD, 0x01FEF, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF2, 0x01FF4, "Grek" }, { 0x01FF6, 0x01FFE, "Grek" }, { 0x02000, 0x0200B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0200C, 0x0200D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0200E, 0x02064, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02066, 0x02070, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02074, 0x0207E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02080, 0x0208E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02090, 0x0209C, "Latn" }, { 0x020A0, 0x020C0, "Zyyy" }, { 0x020D0, 0x020F0, "Zinh" }, { 0x02100, 0x02125, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02127, 0x02129, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0212A, 0x0212B, "Latn" }, { 0x0212C, 0x02131, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02133, 0x0214D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0214F, 0x0215F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02160, 0x02188, "Latn" }, { 0x02189, 0x0218B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02190, 0x02426, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02440, 0x0244A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02460, 0x027FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02800, 0x028FF, "Brai" }, { 0x02900, 0x02B73, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02B76, 0x02B95, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02B97, 0x02BFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02C00, 0x02C5F, "Glag" }, { 0x02C60, 0x02C7F, "Latn" }, { 0x02C80, 0x02CF3, "Copt" }, { 0x02CF9, 0x02CFF, "Copt" }, { 0x02D00, 0x02D25, "Geor" }, { 0x02D30, 0x02D67, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D6F, 0x02D70, "Tfng" }, { 0x02D80, 0x02D96, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA0, 0x02DA6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DA8, 0x02DAE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB0, 0x02DB6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DB8, 0x02DBE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC0, 0x02DC6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DC8, 0x02DCE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD0, 0x02DD6, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DD8, 0x02DDE, "Ethi" }, { 0x02DE0, 0x02DFF, "Cyrl" }, { 0x02E00, 0x02E5D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x02E80, 0x02E99, "Hani" }, { 0x02E9B, 0x02EF3, "Hani" }, { 0x02F00, 0x02FD5, "Hani" }, { 0x02FF0, 0x02FFB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03000, 0x03004, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03008, 0x03020, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03021, 0x03029, "Hani" }, { 0x0302A, 0x0302D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0302E, 0x0302F, "Hang" }, { 0x03030, 0x03037, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03038, 0x0303B, "Hani" }, { 0x0303C, 0x0303F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03041, 0x03096, "Hira" }, { 0x03099, 0x0309A, "Zinh" }, { 0x0309B, 0x0309C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0309D, 0x0309F, "Hira" }, { 0x030A1, 0x030FA, "Kana" }, { 0x030FB, 0x030FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x030FD, 0x030FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03105, 0x0312F, "Bopo" }, { 0x03131, 0x0318E, "Hang" }, { 0x03190, 0x0319F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031A0, 0x031BF, "Bopo" }, { 0x031C0, 0x031E3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x031F0, 0x031FF, "Kana" }, { 0x03200, 0x0321E, "Hang" }, { 0x03220, 0x0325F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03260, 0x0327E, "Hang" }, { 0x0327F, 0x032CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x032D0, 0x032FE, "Kana" }, { 0x03300, 0x03357, "Kana" }, { 0x03358, 0x033FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x03400, 0x04DBF, "Hani" }, { 0x04DC0, 0x04DFF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x04E00, 0x09FFF, "Hani" }, { 0x0A000, 0x0A48C, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A490, 0x0A4C6, "Yiii" }, { 0x0A4D0, 0x0A4FF, "Lisu" }, { 0x0A500, 0x0A62B, "Vaii" }, { 0x0A640, 0x0A69F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0A6A0, 0x0A6F7, "Bamu" }, { 0x0A700, 0x0A721, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A722, 0x0A787, "Latn" }, { 0x0A788, 0x0A78A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A78B, 0x0A7CA, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7D0, 0x0A7D1, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7D5, 0x0A7D9, "Latn" }, { 0x0A7F2, 0x0A7FF, "Latn" }, { 0x0A800, 0x0A82C, "Sylo" }, { 0x0A830, 0x0A839, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0A840, 0x0A877, "Phag" }, { 0x0A880, 0x0A8C5, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8CE, 0x0A8D9, "Saur" }, { 0x0A8E0, 0x0A8FF, "Deva" }, { 0x0A900, 0x0A92D, "Kali" }, { 0x0A930, 0x0A953, "Rjng" }, { 0x0A960, 0x0A97C, "Hang" }, { 0x0A980, 0x0A9CD, "Java" }, { 0x0A9D0, 0x0A9D9, "Java" }, { 0x0A9DE, 0x0A9DF, "Java" }, { 0x0A9E0, 0x0A9FE, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA00, 0x0AA36, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA40, 0x0AA4D, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA50, 0x0AA59, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA5C, 0x0AA5F, "Cham" }, { 0x0AA60, 0x0AA7F, "Mymr" }, { 0x0AA80, 0x0AAC2, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AADB, 0x0AADF, "Tavt" }, { 0x0AAE0, 0x0AAF6, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AB01, 0x0AB06, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB09, 0x0AB0E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB11, 0x0AB16, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB20, 0x0AB26, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB28, 0x0AB2E, "Ethi" }, { 0x0AB30, 0x0AB5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB5C, 0x0AB64, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB66, 0x0AB69, "Latn" }, { 0x0AB6A, 0x0AB6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0AB70, 0x0ABBF, "Cher" }, { 0x0ABC0, 0x0ABED, "Mtei" }, { 0x0ABF0, 0x0ABF9, "Mtei" }, { 0x0AC00, 0x0D7A3, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7B0, 0x0D7C6, "Hang" }, { 0x0D7CB, 0x0D7FB, "Hang" }, { 0x0F900, 0x0FA6D, "Hani" }, { 0x0FA70, 0x0FAD9, "Hani" }, { 0x0FB00, 0x0FB06, "Latn" }, { 0x0FB13, 0x0FB17, "Armn" }, { 0x0FB1D, 0x0FB36, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB38, 0x0FB3C, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB40, 0x0FB41, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB43, 0x0FB44, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB46, 0x0FB4F, "Hebr" }, { 0x0FB50, 0x0FBC2, "Arab" }, { 0x0FBD3, 0x0FD3D, "Arab" }, { 0x0FD3E, 0x0FD3F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FD40, 0x0FD8F, "Arab" }, { 0x0FD92, 0x0FDC7, "Arab" }, { 0x0FDF0, 0x0FDFF, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE00, 0x0FE0F, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE10, 0x0FE19, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE20, 0x0FE2D, "Zinh" }, { 0x0FE2E, 0x0FE2F, "Cyrl" }, { 0x0FE30, 0x0FE52, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE54, 0x0FE66, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE68, 0x0FE6B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FE70, 0x0FE74, "Arab" }, { 0x0FE76, 0x0FEFC, "Arab" }, { 0x0FF01, 0x0FF20, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF21, 0x0FF3A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF3B, 0x0FF40, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF41, 0x0FF5A, "Latn" }, { 0x0FF5B, 0x0FF65, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FF66, 0x0FF6F, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF71, 0x0FF9D, "Kana" }, { 0x0FF9E, 0x0FF9F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFA0, 0x0FFBE, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFC2, 0x0FFC7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFCA, 0x0FFCF, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFD2, 0x0FFD7, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFDA, 0x0FFDC, "Hang" }, { 0x0FFE0, 0x0FFE6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFE8, 0x0FFEE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x0FFF9, 0x0FFFD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10000, 0x1000B, "Linb" }, { 0x1000D, 0x10026, "Linb" }, { 0x10028, 0x1003A, "Linb" }, { 0x1003C, 0x1003D, "Linb" }, { 0x1003F, 0x1004D, "Linb" }, { 0x10050, 0x1005D, "Linb" }, { 0x10080, 0x100FA, "Linb" }, { 0x10100, 0x10102, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10107, 0x10133, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10137, 0x1013F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10140, 0x1018E, "Grek" }, { 0x10190, 0x1019C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x101D0, 0x101FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10280, 0x1029C, "Lyci" }, { 0x102A0, 0x102D0, "Cari" }, { 0x102E1, 0x102FB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x10300, 0x10323, "Ital" }, { 0x1032D, 0x1032F, "Ital" }, { 0x10330, 0x1034A, "Goth" }, { 0x10350, 0x1037A, "Perm" }, { 0x10380, 0x1039D, "Ugar" }, { 0x103A0, 0x103C3, "Xpeo" }, { 0x103C8, 0x103D5, "Xpeo" }, { 0x10400, 0x1044F, "Dsrt" }, { 0x10450, 0x1047F, "Shaw" }, { 0x10480, 0x1049D, "Osma" }, { 0x104A0, 0x104A9, "Osma" }, { 0x104B0, 0x104D3, "Osge" }, { 0x104D8, 0x104FB, "Osge" }, { 0x10500, 0x10527, "Elba" }, { 0x10530, 0x10563, "Aghb" }, { 0x10570, 0x1057A, "Vith" }, { 0x1057C, 0x1058A, "Vith" }, { 0x1058C, 0x10592, "Vith" }, { 0x10594, 0x10595, "Vith" }, { 0x10597, 0x105A1, "Vith" }, { 0x105A3, 0x105B1, "Vith" }, { 0x105B3, 0x105B9, "Vith" }, { 0x105BB, 0x105BC, "Vith" }, { 0x10600, 0x10736, "Lina" }, { 0x10740, 0x10755, "Lina" }, { 0x10760, 0x10767, "Lina" }, { 0x10780, 0x10785, "Latn" }, { 0x10787, 0x107B0, "Latn" }, { 0x107B2, 0x107BA, "Latn" }, { 0x10800, 0x10805, "Cprt" }, { 0x1080A, 0x10835, "Cprt" }, { 0x10837, 0x10838, "Cprt" }, { 0x10840, 0x10855, "Armi" }, { 0x10857, 0x1085F, "Armi" }, { 0x10860, 0x1087F, "Palm" }, { 0x10880, 0x1089E, "Nbat" }, { 0x108A7, 0x108AF, "Nbat" }, { 0x108E0, 0x108F2, "Hatr" }, { 0x108F4, 0x108F5, "Hatr" }, { 0x108FB, 0x108FF, "Hatr" }, { 0x10900, 0x1091B, "Phnx" }, { 0x10920, 0x10939, "Lydi" }, { 0x10980, 0x1099F, "Mero" }, { 0x109A0, 0x109B7, "Merc" }, { 0x109BC, 0x109CF, "Merc" }, { 0x109D2, 0x109FF, "Merc" }, { 0x10A00, 0x10A03, "Khar" }, { 0x10A05, 0x10A06, "Khar" }, { 0x10A0C, 0x10A13, "Khar" }, { 0x10A15, 0x10A17, "Khar" }, { 0x10A19, 0x10A35, "Khar" }, { 0x10A38, 0x10A3A, "Khar" }, { 0x10A3F, 0x10A48, "Khar" }, { 0x10A50, 0x10A58, "Khar" }, { 0x10A60, 0x10A7F, "Sarb" }, { 0x10A80, 0x10A9F, "Narb" }, { 0x10AC0, 0x10AE6, "Mani" }, { 0x10AEB, 0x10AF6, "Mani" }, { 0x10B00, 0x10B35, "Avst" }, { 0x10B39, 0x10B3F, "Avst" }, { 0x10B40, 0x10B55, "Prti" }, { 0x10B58, 0x10B5F, "Prti" }, { 0x10B60, 0x10B72, "Phli" }, { 0x10B78, 0x10B7F, "Phli" }, { 0x10B80, 0x10B91, "Phlp" }, { 0x10B99, 0x10B9C, "Phlp" }, { 0x10BA9, 0x10BAF, "Phlp" }, { 0x10C00, 0x10C48, "Orkh" }, { 0x10C80, 0x10CB2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CC0, 0x10CF2, "Hung" }, { 0x10CFA, 0x10CFF, "Hung" }, { 0x10D00, 0x10D27, "Rohg" }, { 0x10D30, 0x10D39, "Rohg" }, { 0x10E60, 0x10E7E, "Arab" }, { 0x10E80, 0x10EA9, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EAB, 0x10EAD, "Yezi" }, { 0x10EB0, 0x10EB1, "Yezi" }, { 0x10F00, 0x10F27, "Sogo" }, { 0x10F30, 0x10F59, "Sogd" }, { 0x10F70, 0x10F89, "Ougr" }, { 0x10FB0, 0x10FCB, "Chrs" }, { 0x10FE0, 0x10FF6, "Elym" }, { 0x11000, 0x1104D, "Brah" }, { 0x11052, 0x11075, "Brah" }, { 0x11080, 0x110C2, "Kthi" }, { 0x110D0, 0x110E8, "Sora" }, { 0x110F0, 0x110F9, "Sora" }, { 0x11100, 0x11134, "Cakm" }, { 0x11136, 0x11147, "Cakm" }, { 0x11150, 0x11176, "Mahj" }, { 0x11180, 0x111DF, "Shrd" }, { 0x111E1, 0x111F4, "Sinh" }, { 0x11200, 0x11211, "Khoj" }, { 0x11213, 0x1123E, "Khoj" }, { 0x11280, 0x11286, "Mult" }, { 0x1128A, 0x1128D, "Mult" }, { 0x1128F, 0x1129D, "Mult" }, { 0x1129F, 0x112A9, "Mult" }, { 0x112B0, 0x112EA, "Sind" }, { 0x112F0, 0x112F9, "Sind" }, { 0x11300, 0x11303, "Gran" }, { 0x11305, 0x1130C, "Gran" }, { 0x1130F, 0x11310, "Gran" }, { 0x11313, 0x11328, "Gran" }, { 0x1132A, 0x11330, "Gran" }, { 0x11332, 0x11333, "Gran" }, { 0x11335, 0x11339, "Gran" }, { 0x1133C, 0x11344, "Gran" }, { 0x11347, 0x11348, "Gran" }, { 0x1134B, 0x1134D, "Gran" }, { 0x1135D, 0x11363, "Gran" }, { 0x11366, 0x1136C, "Gran" }, { 0x11370, 0x11374, "Gran" }, { 0x11400, 0x1145B, "Newa" }, { 0x1145D, 0x11461, "Newa" }, { 0x11480, 0x114C7, "Tirh" }, { 0x114D0, 0x114D9, "Tirh" }, { 0x11580, 0x115B5, "Sidd" }, { 0x115B8, 0x115DD, "Sidd" }, { 0x11600, 0x11644, "Modi" }, { 0x11650, 0x11659, "Modi" }, { 0x11660, 0x1166C, "Mong" }, { 0x11680, 0x116B9, "Takr" }, { 0x116C0, 0x116C9, "Takr" }, { 0x11700, 0x1171A, "Ahom" }, { 0x1171D, 0x1172B, "Ahom" }, { 0x11730, 0x11746, "Ahom" }, { 0x11800, 0x1183B, "Dogr" }, { 0x118A0, 0x118F2, "Wara" }, { 0x11900, 0x11906, "Diak" }, { 0x1190C, 0x11913, "Diak" }, { 0x11915, 0x11916, "Diak" }, { 0x11918, 0x11935, "Diak" }, { 0x11937, 0x11938, "Diak" }, { 0x1193B, 0x11946, "Diak" }, { 0x11950, 0x11959, "Diak" }, { 0x119A0, 0x119A7, "Nand" }, { 0x119AA, 0x119D7, "Nand" }, { 0x119DA, 0x119E4, "Nand" }, { 0x11A00, 0x11A47, "Zanb" }, { 0x11A50, 0x11AA2, "Soyo" }, { 0x11AB0, 0x11ABF, "Cans" }, { 0x11AC0, 0x11AF8, "Pauc" }, { 0x11C00, 0x11C08, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C0A, 0x11C36, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C38, 0x11C45, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C50, 0x11C6C, "Bhks" }, { 0x11C70, 0x11C8F, "Marc" }, { 0x11C92, 0x11CA7, "Marc" }, { 0x11CA9, 0x11CB6, "Marc" }, { 0x11D00, 0x11D06, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D08, 0x11D09, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D0B, 0x11D36, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3C, 0x11D3D, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D3F, 0x11D47, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D50, 0x11D59, "Gonm" }, { 0x11D60, 0x11D65, "Gong" }, { 0x11D67, 0x11D68, "Gong" }, { 0x11D6A, 0x11D8E, "Gong" }, { 0x11D90, 0x11D91, "Gong" }, { 0x11D93, 0x11D98, "Gong" }, { 0x11DA0, 0x11DA9, "Gong" }, { 0x11EE0, 0x11EF8, "Maka" }, { 0x11FC0, 0x11FF1, "Taml" }, { 0x12000, 0x12399, "Xsux" }, { 0x12400, 0x1246E, "Xsux" }, { 0x12470, 0x12474, "Xsux" }, { 0x12480, 0x12543, "Xsux" }, { 0x12F90, 0x12FF2, "Cpmn" }, { 0x13000, 0x1342E, "Egyp" }, { 0x13430, 0x13438, "Egyp" }, { 0x14400, 0x14646, "Hluw" }, { 0x16800, 0x16A38, "Bamu" }, { 0x16A40, 0x16A5E, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A60, 0x16A69, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A6E, 0x16A6F, "Mroo" }, { 0x16A70, 0x16ABE, "Tnsa" }, { 0x16AC0, 0x16AC9, "Tnsa" }, { 0x16AD0, 0x16AED, "Bass" }, { 0x16AF0, 0x16AF5, "Bass" }, { 0x16B00, 0x16B45, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B50, 0x16B59, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B5B, 0x16B61, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B63, 0x16B77, "Hmng" }, { 0x16B7D, 0x16B8F, "Hmng" }, { 0x16E40, 0x16E9A, "Medf" }, { 0x16F00, 0x16F4A, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F4F, 0x16F87, "Plrd" }, { 0x16F8F, 0x16F9F, "Plrd" }, { 0x16FE2, 0x16FE3, "Hani" }, { 0x16FF0, 0x16FF1, "Hani" }, { 0x17000, 0x187F7, "Tang" }, { 0x18800, 0x18AFF, "Tang" }, { 0x18B00, 0x18CD5, "Kits" }, { 0x18D00, 0x18D08, "Tang" }, { 0x1AFF0, 0x1AFF3, "Kana" }, { 0x1AFF5, 0x1AFFB, "Kana" }, { 0x1AFFD, 0x1AFFE, "Kana" }, { 0x1B001, 0x1B11F, "Hira" }, { 0x1B120, 0x1B122, "Kana" }, { 0x1B150, 0x1B152, "Hira" }, { 0x1B164, 0x1B167, "Kana" }, { 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "Nshu" }, { 0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC80, 0x1BC88, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC90, 0x1BC99, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BC9C, 0x1BC9F, "Dupl" }, { 0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1CF00, 0x1CF2D, "Zinh" }, { 0x1CF30, 0x1CF46, "Zinh" }, { 0x1CF50, 0x1CFC3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D000, 0x1D0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D100, 0x1D126, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D129, 0x1D166, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D16A, 0x1D17A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D17B, 0x1D182, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D183, 0x1D184, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D18C, 0x1D1A9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD, "Zinh" }, { 0x1D1AE, 0x1D1EA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D200, 0x1D245, "Grek" }, { 0x1D2E0, 0x1D2F3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D300, 0x1D356, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D360, 0x1D378, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D400, 0x1D454, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D456, 0x1D49C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D4C5, 0x1D505, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D507, 0x1D50A, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D50D, 0x1D514, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D516, 0x1D51C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D51E, 0x1D539, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D53B, 0x1D53E, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D540, 0x1D544, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D54A, 0x1D550, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D552, 0x1D6A5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D6A8, 0x1D7CB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D7CE, 0x1D7FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1D800, 0x1DA8B, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DA9B, 0x1DA9F, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DAA1, 0x1DAAF, "Sgnw" }, { 0x1DF00, 0x1DF1E, "Latn" }, { 0x1E000, 0x1E006, "Glag" }, { 0x1E008, 0x1E018, "Glag" }, { 0x1E01B, 0x1E021, "Glag" }, { 0x1E023, 0x1E024, "Glag" }, { 0x1E026, 0x1E02A, "Glag" }, { 0x1E100, 0x1E12C, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E130, 0x1E13D, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E140, 0x1E149, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E14E, 0x1E14F, "Hmnp" }, { 0x1E290, 0x1E2AE, "Toto" }, { 0x1E2C0, 0x1E2F9, "Wcho" }, { 0x1E7E0, 0x1E7E6, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7E8, 0x1E7EB, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7ED, 0x1E7EE, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E7F0, 0x1E7FE, "Ethi" }, { 0x1E800, 0x1E8C4, "Mend" }, { 0x1E8C7, 0x1E8D6, "Mend" }, { 0x1E900, 0x1E94B, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E950, 0x1E959, "Adlm" }, { 0x1E95E, 0x1E95F, "Adlm" }, { 0x1EC71, 0x1ECB4, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1ED01, 0x1ED3D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1EE00, 0x1EE03, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE21, 0x1EE22, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE29, 0x1EE32, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE34, 0x1EE37, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE51, 0x1EE52, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE61, 0x1EE62, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE74, 0x1EE77, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE80, 0x1EE89, "Arab" }, { 0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB, "Arab" }, { 0x1EEF0, 0x1EEF1, "Arab" }, { 0x1F000, 0x1F02B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F030, 0x1F093, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0A0, 0x1F0AE, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0B1, 0x1F0BF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0C1, 0x1F0CF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F0D1, 0x1F0F5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F100, 0x1F1AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F1E6, 0x1F1FF, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F201, 0x1F202, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F210, 0x1F23B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F240, 0x1F248, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F250, 0x1F251, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F260, 0x1F265, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F300, 0x1F6D7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6DD, 0x1F6EC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F6F0, 0x1F6FC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F700, 0x1F773, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F780, 0x1F7D8, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F7E0, 0x1F7EB, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F800, 0x1F80B, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F810, 0x1F847, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F850, 0x1F859, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F860, 0x1F887, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F890, 0x1F8AD, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F8B0, 0x1F8B1, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1F900, 0x1FA53, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA60, 0x1FA6D, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA70, 0x1FA74, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA78, 0x1FA7C, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA80, 0x1FA86, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FA90, 0x1FAAC, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAB0, 0x1FABA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAC0, 0x1FAC5, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAD0, 0x1FAD9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAE0, 0x1FAE7, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FAF0, 0x1FAF6, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB00, 0x1FB92, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FB94, 0x1FBCA, "Zyyy" }, { 0x1FBF0, 0x1FBF9, "Zyyy" }, { 0x20000, 0x2A6DF, "Hani" }, { 0x2A700, 0x2B738, "Hani" }, { 0x2B740, 0x2B81D, "Hani" }, { 0x2B820, 0x2CEA1, "Hani" }, { 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "Hani" }, { 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "Hani" }, { 0x30000, 0x3134A, "Hani" }, { 0xE0020, 0xE007F, "Zyyy" }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, "Zinh" }, }, -- Scripts.txt gives full names; here we consider them aliases to save space. aliases = { Adlm = "Adlam", Aghb = "Caucasian Albanian", Ahom = "Ahom", Arab = "Arabic", Armi = "Imperial Aramaic", Armn = "Armenian", Avst = "Avestan", Bali = "Balinese", Bamu = "Bamum", Bass = "Bassa Vah", Batk = "Batak", Beng = "Bengali", Bhks = "Bhaiksuki", Bopo = "Bopomofo", Brah = "Brahmi", Brai = "Braille", Bugi = "Buginese", Buhd = "Buhid", Cakm = "Chakma", Cans = "Canadian Aboriginal", Cari = "Carian", Cham = "Cham", Cher = "Cherokee", Chrs = "Chorasmian", Copt = "Coptic", Cpmn = "Cypro Minoan", Cprt = "Cypriot", Cyrl = "Cyrillic", Deva = "Devanagari", Diak = "Dives Akuru", Dogr = "Dogra", Dsrt = "Deseret", Dupl = "Duployan", Egyp = "Egyptian Hieroglyphs", Elba = "Elbasan", Elym = "Elymaic", Ethi = "Ethiopic", Geor = "Georgian", Glag = "Glagolitic", Gong = "Gunjala Gondi", Gonm = "Masaram Gondi", Goth = "Gothic", Gran = "Grantha", Grek = "Greek", Gujr = "Gujarati", Guru = "Gurmukhi", Hang = "Hangul", Hani = "Han", Hano = "Hanunoo", Hatr = "Hatran", Hebr = "Hebrew", Hira = "Hiragana", Hluw = "Anatolian Hieroglyphs", Hmng = "Pahawh Hmong", Hmnp = "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong", Hrkt = "Katakana Or Hiragana", Hung = "Old Hungarian", Ital = "Old Italic", Java = "Javanese", Kali = "Kayah Li", Kana = "Katakana", Khar = "Kharoshthi", Khmr = "Khmer", Khoj = "Khojki", Kits = "Khitan Small Script", Knda = "Kannada", Kthi = "Kaithi", Lana = "Tai Tham", Laoo = "Lao", Latn = "Latin", Lepc = "Lepcha", Limb = "Limbu", Lina = "Linear A", Linb = "Linear B", Lisu = "Lisu", Lyci = "Lycian", Lydi = "Lydian", Mahj = "Mahajani", Maka = "Makasar", Mand = "Mandaic", Mani = "Manichaean", Marc = "Marchen", Medf = "Medefaidrin", Mend = "Mende Kikakui", Merc = "Meroitic Cursive", Mero = "Meroitic Hieroglyphs", Mlym = "Malayalam", Modi = "Modi", Mong = "Mongolian", Mroo = "Mro", Mtei = "Meetei Mayek", Mult = "Multani", Mymr = "Myanmar", Nand = "Nandinagari", Narb = "Old North Arabian", Nbat = "Nabataean", Newa = "Newa", Nkoo = "Nko", Nshu = "Nushu", Ogam = "Ogham", Olck = "Ol Chiki", Orkh = "Old Turkic", Orya = "Oriya", Osge = "Osage", Osma = "Osmanya", Ougr = "Old Uyghur", Palm = "Palmyrene", Pauc = "Pau Cin Hau", Perm = "Old Permic", Phag = "Phags Pa", Phli = "Inscriptional Pahlavi", Phlp = "Psalter Pahlavi", Phnx = "Phoenician", Plrd = "Miao", Prti = "Inscriptional Parthian", Rjng = "Rejang", Rohg = "Hanifi Rohingya", Runr = "Runic", Samr = "Samaritan", Sarb = "Old South Arabian", Saur = "Saurashtra", Sgnw = "SignWriting", Shaw = "Shavian", Shrd = "Sharada", Sidd = "Siddham", Sind = "Khudawadi", Sinh = "Sinhala", Sogd = "Sogdian", Sogo = "Old Sogdian", Sora = "Sora Sompeng", Soyo = "Soyombo", Sund = "Sundanese", Sylo = "Syloti Nagri", Syrc = "Syriac", Tagb = "Tagbanwa", Takr = "Takri", Tale = "Tai Le", Talu = "New Tai Lue", Taml = "Tamil", Tang = "Tangut", Tavt = "Tai Viet", Telu = "Telugu", Tfng = "Tifinagh", Tglg = "Tagalog", Thaa = "Thaana", Thai = "Thai", Tibt = "Tibetan", Tirh = "Tirhuta", Tnsa = "Tangsa", Toto = "Toto", Ugar = "Ugaritic", Vaii = "Vai", Vith = "Vithkuqi", Wara = "Warang Citi", Wcho = "Wancho", Xpeo = "Old Persian", Xsux = "Cuneiform", Yezi = "Yezidi", Yiii = "Yi", Zanb = "Zanabazar Square", Zinh = "Inherited", Zyyy = "Common", Zzzz = "Unknown", }, } -- Required for binary search function in [[Module:Language/scripts]]. -- Cannot get length of module loaded with mw.loadData. data.ranges.length = #data.ranges data.rtl = {} for _, script in ipairs(mw.loadData "Module:Lang/data".rtl_scripts) do -- [[Module:Lang/data]] has script codes in lowercase; -- this module has script codes with the first letter capitalized. data.rtl[script:gsub("^%a", string.upper)] = true end return data snb3f68ce78bbcprroih0z8ukxc99bm 828 11136 84207 2022-05-19T08:15:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/scripts/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{high risk|286431}} This module contains data that is used by [[Module:Unicode data]] to determine the Unicode script code for a code point and to determine if a Unicode script is written right-to-left. The right-to-left script data is sourced from [[Module:Lang/data]]. The main table in the module is generated by [[Module:Unicode data/scripts/make]] from [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt Scripts.txt] and [https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/PropertyValueAliases.txt PropertyValueAliases.txt] in the Unicode Character Database (version 14.0). <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Unicode data modules|scripts]] }}</includeonly> mglmjfm0dloce9xakr8mnrar0g37oc0 828 11137 84208 2022-05-19T08:16:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/overview/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{align|right|<small>This table:</small> {{view||edit|template=Module:Unicode data/overview/doc}}}} :<small>''Incomplete (as of March 2022)''</small> * Code points: enter hexadecimal value, for example {{mxt|1={{!}}0x0061}} or {{mxt|1={{!}}61}}; not {{!mxt|1={{!}}U+0061}}. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; vertical-align:top;" |- ! Topic ! Function ! Parameter type<br/><small>(string=by character(s); c.p. by {{mono|0xHex}} value)</small> ! Example-in ! Returns ! Character <!-- LOOKUP - lookup{{!}} functions ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |- | Unicode character name | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}name}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0x0007}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|name|0x0007}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x0007;}} |- | [[Script (Unicode)|Scripts]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}script}} | code point | {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|script|A061}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|script|A061}} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=}} |- | [[Block (Unicode)|Blocks]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}block}} | code point | {{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|block|A061}} | {{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|block|A061}} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=}} |- | [[Plane (Unicode)|Planes]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}plane}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0x1F608}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|plane|0x1F608}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x1F608;}} |- | [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]] | {{code|1={{!}}lookup{{!}}category}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0xA9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0x002B}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0xA9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|category|0x002B}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#x002B;}} |- style="border-bottom:2px solid grey;" | Controls | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}control}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|A9}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|A9}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |lookup|control|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA9; |2=&#xFFFF;}} <!-- ID - is{{!}} functions ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |- | [[Latin script]] |{{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}Latin}} | string | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abcŁíā̀}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc文xyz}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|Latin|abc文xyz}} }} | |- | [[Wikipedia:Article titles|WP:Article title]] <small>([[WP:NCTR]])</small> | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}valid_pagename}} | string | {{ubli |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|Main_page}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|#&nbsp;(disambiguation)}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|Main_page}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|valid_pagename|# (disambiguation)}} }} | |- | [[Bidirectional text|Bidirectionality]], right-to-left&nbsp;scripts | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}rtl}} | string | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|ش}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|34}} }} | {{ubli |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|ش}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|rtl|&#x34;}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#x0634; |2=&#x34;}} |- | [[Combining character]] | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}combining}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|0300}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|A0}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|0300}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|combining|A0}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#x0300; |2=&#xA0;}} |- | Character assignation | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}assigned}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|A061}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|FFEF}} }} | {{ubl |1={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|A061}} |2={{#invoke:Unicode data |is|assigned|FFEF}} }} | {{ubl |1=&#xA061; |2=;}} |- | Printable<!-- control: assigned or space-separator --> | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}printable}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0061}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0007}} |3={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|FFFF}} }} | {{ubl |1=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0061}}< |2=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|0007}}< |3=>{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|printable|FFFF}}< }} | {{ubl |1=>&#x0061;< |2=>&#x0007;< |3=>&#xFFFF;< }} |- | {{slink|Whitespace_character|Unicode}} | {{code|1={{!}}is{{!}}whitespace}} | code point | {{ubl |1={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x20}} |2={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0xA0}} |3={{tnull|&#35;invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x64}} }} | {{ubl |1=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x20}}< |2=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0xA0}}< NBSP |3=&gt;{{#invoke:Unicode data |is|whitespace|0x64}}< }} | {{ubl |1=&gt;&#x20;< |2=&gt;&#xA0;< |3=&gt;&#x64;<}}<!-- UNKNOWN -- function application as yet unknown --> |- | [[Hangul]] | {{code|1={{!}}Hangul}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1=&#x; |2=&#x;}} |- | [[Unicode alias names and abbreviations|Alias names]] | {{code|1={{!}}aliases}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1=&#x; |2=&#x;}} |- | Combining class | {{code|1={{!}}}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1=&#x; |2=&#x;}} |- | Age | {{code|1={{!}}}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1= |2=}} |- | get_best_script | {{code|1={{!}}get_best_script}} | | [application unknown] | | {{ubl |1= |2=}} |} 1ntjuar7uaxv7g0e1jrmtk5kwzy8bme 828 11138 84209 2022-05-19T08:18:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/names/000 Scribunto text/plain return { [ 0x0020 ] = "SPACE", [ 0x0021 ] = "EXCLAMATION MARK", [ 0x0022 ] = "QUOTATION MARK", [ 0x0023 ] = "NUMBER SIGN", [ 0x0024 ] = "DOLLAR SIGN", [ 0x0025 ] = "PERCENT SIGN", [ 0x0026 ] = "AMPERSAND", [ 0x0027 ] = "APOSTROPHE", [ 0x0028 ] = "LEFT PARENTHESIS", [ 0x0029 ] = "RIGHT PARENTHESIS", [ 0x002A ] = "ASTERISK", [ 0x002B ] = "PLUS SIGN", [ 0x002C ] = "COMMA", [ 0x002D ] = "HYPHEN-MINUS", [ 0x002E ] = "FULL STOP", [ 0x002F ] = "SOLIDUS", [ 0x0030 ] = "DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0031 ] = "DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0032 ] = "DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0033 ] = "DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0034 ] = "DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0035 ] = "DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0036 ] = "DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0037 ] = "DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0038 ] = "DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0039 ] = "DIGIT NINE", [ 0x003A ] = "COLON", [ 0x003B ] = "SEMICOLON", [ 0x003C ] = "LESS-THAN SIGN", [ 0x003D ] = "EQUALS SIGN", [ 0x003E ] = "GREATER-THAN SIGN", [ 0x003F ] = "QUESTION MARK", [ 0x0040 ] = "COMMERCIAL AT", [ 0x0041 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A", [ 0x0042 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B", [ 0x0043 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C", [ 0x0044 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D", [ 0x0045 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E", [ 0x0046 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F", [ 0x0047 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G", [ 0x0048 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H", [ 0x0049 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I", [ 0x004A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J", [ 0x004B ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K", [ 0x004C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L", [ 0x004D ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M", [ 0x004E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N", [ 0x004F ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O", [ 0x0050 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P", [ 0x0051 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q", [ 0x0052 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R", [ 0x0053 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S", [ 0x0054 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T", [ 0x0055 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U", [ 0x0056 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V", [ 0x0057 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W", [ 0x0058 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X", [ 0x0059 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y", [ 0x005A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z", [ 0x005B ] = "LEFT SQUARE BRACKET", [ 0x005C ] = "REVERSE SOLIDUS", [ 0x005D ] = "RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET", [ 0x005E ] = "CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT", [ 0x005F ] = "LOW LINE", [ 0x0060 ] = "GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0061 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A", [ 0x0062 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER B", [ 0x0063 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C", [ 0x0064 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D", [ 0x0065 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E", [ 0x0066 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER F", [ 0x0067 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G", [ 0x0068 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER H", [ 0x0069 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I", [ 0x006A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER J", [ 0x006B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER K", [ 0x006C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L", [ 0x006D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER M", [ 0x006E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N", [ 0x006F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O", [ 0x0070 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER P", [ 0x0071 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Q", [ 0x0072 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R", [ 0x0073 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S", [ 0x0074 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T", [ 0x0075 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U", [ 0x0076 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER V", [ 0x0077 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER W", [ 0x0078 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER X", [ 0x0079 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y", [ 0x007A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z", [ 0x007B ] = "LEFT CURLY BRACKET", [ 0x007C ] = "VERTICAL LINE", [ 0x007D ] = "RIGHT CURLY BRACKET", [ 0x007E ] = "TILDE", [ 0x00A0 ] = "NO-BREAK SPACE", [ 0x00A1 ] = "INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK", [ 0x00A2 ] = "CENT SIGN", [ 0x00A3 ] = "POUND SIGN", [ 0x00A4 ] = "CURRENCY SIGN", [ 0x00A5 ] = "YEN SIGN", [ 0x00A6 ] = "BROKEN BAR", [ 0x00A7 ] = "SECTION SIGN", [ 0x00A8 ] = "DIAERESIS", [ 0x00A9 ] = "COPYRIGHT SIGN", [ 0x00AA ] = "FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR", [ 0x00AB ] = "LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK", [ 0x00AC ] = "NOT SIGN", [ 0x00AD ] = "SOFT HYPHEN", [ 0x00AE ] = "REGISTERED SIGN", [ 0x00AF ] = "MACRON", [ 0x00B0 ] = "DEGREE SIGN", [ 0x00B1 ] = "PLUS-MINUS SIGN", [ 0x00B2 ] = "SUPERSCRIPT TWO", [ 0x00B3 ] = "SUPERSCRIPT THREE", [ 0x00B4 ] = "ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x00B5 ] = "MICRO SIGN", [ 0x00B6 ] = "PILCROW SIGN", [ 0x00B7 ] = "MIDDLE DOT", [ 0x00B8 ] = "CEDILLA", [ 0x00B9 ] = "SUPERSCRIPT ONE", [ 0x00BA ] = "MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR", [ 0x00BB ] = "RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK", [ 0x00BC ] = "VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER", [ 0x00BD ] = "VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF", [ 0x00BE ] = "VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS", [ 0x00BF ] = "INVERTED QUESTION MARK", [ 0x00C0 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00C1 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00C2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00C3 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE", [ 0x00C4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00C5 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE", [ 0x00C6 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE", [ 0x00C7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x00C8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00C9 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00CA ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00CB ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00CC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00CD ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00CE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00CF ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00D0 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH", [ 0x00D1 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE", [ 0x00D2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00D3 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00D4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00D5 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE", [ 0x00D6 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00D7 ] = "MULTIPLICATION SIGN", [ 0x00D8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE", [ 0x00D9 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00DA ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00DB ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00DC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00DD ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00DE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN", [ 0x00DF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S", [ 0x00E0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00E1 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00E2 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00E3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE", [ 0x00E4 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00E5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE", [ 0x00E6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER AE", [ 0x00E7 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x00E8 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00E9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00EA ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00EB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00EC ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00ED ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00EE ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00EF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00F0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH", [ 0x00F1 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE", [ 0x00F2 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00F3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00F4 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00F5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE", [ 0x00F6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00F7 ] = "DIVISION SIGN", [ 0x00F8 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE", [ 0x00F9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE", [ 0x00FA ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00FB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x00FC ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x00FD ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE", [ 0x00FE ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN", [ 0x00FF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x0100 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON", [ 0x0101 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON", [ 0x0102 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE", [ 0x0103 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE", [ 0x0104 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0105 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0106 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0107 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0108 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0109 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x010A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x010B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x010C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON", [ 0x010D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON", [ 0x010E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON", [ 0x010F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON", [ 0x0110 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE", [ 0x0111 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE", [ 0x0112 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON", [ 0x0113 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON", [ 0x0114 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE", [ 0x0115 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE", [ 0x0116 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0117 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0118 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0119 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK", [ 0x011A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON", [ 0x011B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON", [ 0x011C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x011D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x011E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE", [ 0x011F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE", [ 0x0120 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0121 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0122 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0123 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0124 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0125 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0126 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE", [ 0x0127 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE", [ 0x0128 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE", [ 0x0129 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE", [ 0x012A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON", [ 0x012B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON", [ 0x012C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE", [ 0x012D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE", [ 0x012E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK", [ 0x012F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0130 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0131 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I", [ 0x0132 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ", [ 0x0133 ] = "LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ", [ 0x0134 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0135 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0136 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0137 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0138 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA", [ 0x0139 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE", [ 0x013A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE", [ 0x013B ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x013C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x013D ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON", [ 0x013E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON", [ 0x013F ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT", [ 0x0140 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT", [ 0x0141 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE", [ 0x0142 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE", [ 0x0143 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0144 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0145 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0146 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0147 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON", [ 0x0148 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON", [ 0x0149 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE", [ 0x014A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG", [ 0x014B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG", [ 0x014C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON", [ 0x014D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON", [ 0x014E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE", [ 0x014F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE", [ 0x0150 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x0151 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x0152 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE", [ 0x0153 ] = "LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE", [ 0x0154 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0155 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE", [ 0x0156 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0157 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0158 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON", [ 0x0159 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON", [ 0x015A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE", [ 0x015B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE", [ 0x015C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x015D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x015E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x015F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0160 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON", [ 0x0161 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON", [ 0x0162 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0163 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0164 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON", [ 0x0165 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON", [ 0x0166 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE", [ 0x0167 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE", [ 0x0168 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE", [ 0x0169 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE", [ 0x016A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON", [ 0x016B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON", [ 0x016C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE", [ 0x016D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE", [ 0x016E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE", [ 0x016F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE", [ 0x0170 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x0171 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x0172 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0173 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK", [ 0x0174 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0175 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0176 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0177 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX", [ 0x0178 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x0179 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE", [ 0x017A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE", [ 0x017B ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x017C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x017D ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON", [ 0x017E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON", [ 0x017F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S", [ 0x0180 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE", [ 0x0181 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH HOOK", [ 0x0182 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR", [ 0x0183 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR", [ 0x0184 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE SIX", [ 0x0185 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX", [ 0x0186 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O", [ 0x0187 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK", [ 0x0188 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK", [ 0x0189 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D", [ 0x018A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK", [ 0x018B ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR", [ 0x018C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR", [ 0x018D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA", [ 0x018E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E", [ 0x018F ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA", [ 0x0190 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E", [ 0x0191 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK", [ 0x0192 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK", [ 0x0193 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK", [ 0x0194 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA", [ 0x0195 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER HV", [ 0x0196 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA", [ 0x0197 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE", [ 0x0198 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK", [ 0x0199 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK", [ 0x019A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR", [ 0x019B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE", [ 0x019C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M", [ 0x019D ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK", [ 0x019E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG", [ 0x019F ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE", [ 0x01A0 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN", [ 0x01A1 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN", [ 0x01A2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI", [ 0x01A3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER OI", [ 0x01A4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH HOOK", [ 0x01A5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK", [ 0x01A6 ] = "LATIN LETTER YR", [ 0x01A7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO", [ 0x01A8 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE TWO", [ 0x01A9 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH", [ 0x01AA ] = "LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP", [ 0x01AB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK", [ 0x01AC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH HOOK", [ 0x01AD ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK", [ 0x01AE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK", [ 0x01AF ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN", [ 0x01B0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN", [ 0x01B1 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON", [ 0x01B2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH HOOK", [ 0x01B3 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK", [ 0x01B4 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK", [ 0x01B5 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH STROKE", [ 0x01B6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH STROKE", [ 0x01B7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH", [ 0x01B8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH REVERSED", [ 0x01B9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED", [ 0x01BA ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL", [ 0x01BB ] = "LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE", [ 0x01BC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE", [ 0x01BD ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE", [ 0x01BE ] = "LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE", [ 0x01BF ] = "LATIN LETTER WYNN", [ 0x01C0 ] = "LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK", [ 0x01C1 ] = "LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK", [ 0x01C2 ] = "LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK", [ 0x01C3 ] = "LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK", [ 0x01C4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON", [ 0x01C5 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON", [ 0x01C6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON", [ 0x01C7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ", [ 0x01C8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J", [ 0x01C9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ", [ 0x01CA ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ", [ 0x01CB ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J", [ 0x01CC ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ", [ 0x01CD ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON", [ 0x01CE ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON", [ 0x01CF ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON", [ 0x01D0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON", [ 0x01D1 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON", [ 0x01D2 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON", [ 0x01D3 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON", [ 0x01D4 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON", [ 0x01D5 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x01D6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x01D7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE", [ 0x01D8 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE", [ 0x01D9 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON", [ 0x01DA ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON", [ 0x01DB ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE", [ 0x01DC ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE", [ 0x01DD ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E", [ 0x01DE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x01DF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x01E0 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON", [ 0x01E1 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON", [ 0x01E2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON", [ 0x01E3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON", [ 0x01E4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE", [ 0x01E5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE", [ 0x01E6 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON", [ 0x01E7 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON", [ 0x01E8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON", [ 0x01E9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON", [ 0x01EA ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK", [ 0x01EB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK", [ 0x01EC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON", [ 0x01ED ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON", [ 0x01EE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON", [ 0x01EF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON", [ 0x01F0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON", [ 0x01F1 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ", [ 0x01F2 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z", [ 0x01F3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ", [ 0x01F4 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE", [ 0x01F5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE", [ 0x01F6 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR", [ 0x01F7 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN", [ 0x01F8 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE", [ 0x01F9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE", [ 0x01FA ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE", [ 0x01FB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE", [ 0x01FC ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE", [ 0x01FD ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE", [ 0x01FE ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE", [ 0x01FF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE", [ 0x0200 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0201 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0202 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0203 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0204 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0205 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0206 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0207 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0208 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0209 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x020A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x020B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x020C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x020D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x020E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x020F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0210 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0211 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0212 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0213 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0214 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0215 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE", [ 0x0216 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0217 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0218 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW", [ 0x0219 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW", [ 0x021A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW", [ 0x021B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW", [ 0x021C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH", [ 0x021D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH", [ 0x021E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON", [ 0x021F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON", [ 0x0220 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG", [ 0x0221 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CURL", [ 0x0222 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU", [ 0x0223 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER OU", [ 0x0224 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK", [ 0x0225 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK", [ 0x0226 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0227 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0228 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x0229 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA", [ 0x022A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x022B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON", [ 0x022C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON", [ 0x022D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON", [ 0x022E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x022F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0230 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON", [ 0x0231 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON", [ 0x0232 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON", [ 0x0233 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON", [ 0x0234 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CURL", [ 0x0235 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL", [ 0x0236 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CURL", [ 0x0237 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J", [ 0x0238 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DB DIGRAPH", [ 0x0239 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER QP DIGRAPH", [ 0x023A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH STROKE", [ 0x023B ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH STROKE", [ 0x023C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH STROKE", [ 0x023D ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BAR", [ 0x023E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE", [ 0x023F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL", [ 0x0240 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL", [ 0x0241 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x0242 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x0243 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH STROKE", [ 0x0244 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U BAR", [ 0x0245 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED V", [ 0x0246 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH STROKE", [ 0x0247 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH STROKE", [ 0x0248 ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH STROKE", [ 0x0249 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH STROKE", [ 0x024A ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK TAIL", [ 0x024B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK TAIL", [ 0x024C ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH STROKE", [ 0x024D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH STROKE", [ 0x024E ] = "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH STROKE", [ 0x024F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH STROKE", [ 0x0250 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A", [ 0x0251 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA", [ 0x0252 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA", [ 0x0253 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK", [ 0x0254 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O", [ 0x0255 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL", [ 0x0256 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL", [ 0x0257 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK", [ 0x0258 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E", [ 0x0259 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA", [ 0x025A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK", [ 0x025B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E", [ 0x025C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E", [ 0x025D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK", [ 0x025E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E", [ 0x025F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE", [ 0x0260 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK", [ 0x0261 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G", [ 0x0262 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G", [ 0x0263 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA", [ 0x0264 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN", [ 0x0265 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H", [ 0x0266 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK", [ 0x0267 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK", [ 0x0268 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE", [ 0x0269 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA", [ 0x026A ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I", [ 0x026B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE", [ 0x026C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT", [ 0x026D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK", [ 0x026E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH", [ 0x026F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M", [ 0x0270 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG", [ 0x0271 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK", [ 0x0272 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK", [ 0x0273 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK", [ 0x0274 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N", [ 0x0275 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O", [ 0x0276 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE", [ 0x0277 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA", [ 0x0278 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI", [ 0x0279 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R", [ 0x027A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG", [ 0x027B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK", [ 0x027C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG", [ 0x027D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL", [ 0x027E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK", [ 0x027F ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK", [ 0x0280 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R", [ 0x0281 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R", [ 0x0282 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK", [ 0x0283 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH", [ 0x0284 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK", [ 0x0285 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH", [ 0x0286 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL", [ 0x0287 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T", [ 0x0288 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK", [ 0x0289 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR", [ 0x028A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON", [ 0x028B ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK", [ 0x028C ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V", [ 0x028D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W", [ 0x028E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y", [ 0x028F ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y", [ 0x0290 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK", [ 0x0291 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL", [ 0x0292 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH", [ 0x0293 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL", [ 0x0294 ] = "LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x0295 ] = "LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE", [ 0x0296 ] = "LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x0297 ] = "LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C", [ 0x0298 ] = "LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK", [ 0x0299 ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B", [ 0x029A ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E", [ 0x029B ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK", [ 0x029C ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H", [ 0x029D ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL", [ 0x029E ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K", [ 0x029F ] = "LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L", [ 0x02A0 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK", [ 0x02A1 ] = "LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE", [ 0x02A2 ] = "LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE", [ 0x02A3 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH", [ 0x02A4 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH", [ 0x02A5 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL", [ 0x02A6 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH", [ 0x02A7 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH", [ 0x02A8 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL", [ 0x02A9 ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH", [ 0x02AA ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH", [ 0x02AB ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH", [ 0x02AC ] = "LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE", [ 0x02AD ] = "LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE", [ 0x02AE ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK", [ 0x02AF ] = "LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL", [ 0x02B0 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H", [ 0x02B1 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK", [ 0x02B2 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J", [ 0x02B3 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R", [ 0x02B4 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R", [ 0x02B5 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK", [ 0x02B6 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R", [ 0x02B7 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W", [ 0x02B8 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y", [ 0x02B9 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER PRIME", [ 0x02BA ] = "MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME", [ 0x02BB ] = "MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA", [ 0x02BC ] = "MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE", [ 0x02BD ] = "MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA", [ 0x02BE ] = "MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING", [ 0x02BF ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING", [ 0x02C0 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x02C1 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x02C2 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02C3 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02C4 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02C5 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02C6 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT", [ 0x02C7 ] = "CARON", [ 0x02C8 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE", [ 0x02C9 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MACRON", [ 0x02CA ] = "MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x02CB ] = "MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x02CC ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE", [ 0x02CD ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON", [ 0x02CE ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x02CF ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x02D0 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON", [ 0x02D1 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON", [ 0x02D2 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING", [ 0x02D3 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING", [ 0x02D4 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK", [ 0x02D5 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK", [ 0x02D6 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN", [ 0x02D7 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN", [ 0x02D8 ] = "BREVE", [ 0x02D9 ] = "DOT ABOVE", [ 0x02DA ] = "RING ABOVE", [ 0x02DB ] = "OGONEK", [ 0x02DC ] = "SMALL TILDE", [ 0x02DD ] = "DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x02DE ] = "MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK", [ 0x02DF ] = "MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT", [ 0x02E0 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA", [ 0x02E1 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L", [ 0x02E2 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S", [ 0x02E3 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X", [ 0x02E4 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x02E5 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR", [ 0x02E6 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR", [ 0x02E7 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR", [ 0x02E8 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR", [ 0x02E9 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR", [ 0x02EA ] = "MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK", [ 0x02EB ] = "MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK", [ 0x02EC ] = "MODIFIER LETTER VOICING", [ 0x02ED ] = "MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED", [ 0x02EE ] = "MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE", [ 0x02EF ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02F0 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02F1 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02F2 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD", [ 0x02F3 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING", [ 0x02F4 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x02F5 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x02F6 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x02F7 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE", [ 0x02F8 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON", [ 0x02F9 ] = "MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE", [ 0x02FA ] = "MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE", [ 0x02FB ] = "MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE", [ 0x02FC ] = "MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE", [ 0x02FD ] = "MODIFIER LETTER SHELF", [ 0x02FE ] = "MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF", [ 0x02FF ] = "MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW", [ 0x0300 ] = "COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0301 ] = "COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x0302 ] = "COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT", [ 0x0303 ] = "COMBINING TILDE", [ 0x0304 ] = "COMBINING MACRON", [ 0x0305 ] = "COMBINING OVERLINE", [ 0x0306 ] = "COMBINING BREVE", [ 0x0307 ] = "COMBINING DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0308 ] = "COMBINING DIAERESIS", [ 0x0309 ] = "COMBINING HOOK ABOVE", [ 0x030A ] = "COMBINING RING ABOVE", [ 0x030B ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x030C ] = "COMBINING CARON", [ 0x030D ] = "COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE", [ 0x030E ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE", [ 0x030F ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0310 ] = "COMBINING CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0311 ] = "COMBINING INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0312 ] = "COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE", [ 0x0313 ] = "COMBINING COMMA ABOVE", [ 0x0314 ] = "COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE", [ 0x0315 ] = "COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT", [ 0x0316 ] = "COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW", [ 0x0317 ] = "COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW", [ 0x0318 ] = "COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW", [ 0x0319 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW", [ 0x031A ] = "COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE", [ 0x031B ] = "COMBINING HORN", [ 0x031C ] = "COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW", [ 0x031D ] = "COMBINING UP TACK BELOW", [ 0x031E ] = "COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW", [ 0x031F ] = "COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW", [ 0x0320 ] = "COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW", [ 0x0321 ] = "COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW", [ 0x0322 ] = "COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW", [ 0x0323 ] = "COMBINING DOT BELOW", [ 0x0324 ] = "COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW", [ 0x0325 ] = "COMBINING RING BELOW", [ 0x0326 ] = "COMBINING COMMA BELOW", [ 0x0327 ] = "COMBINING CEDILLA", [ 0x0328 ] = "COMBINING OGONEK", [ 0x0329 ] = "COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW", [ 0x032A ] = "COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW", [ 0x032B ] = "COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW", [ 0x032C ] = "COMBINING CARON BELOW", [ 0x032D ] = "COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW", [ 0x032E ] = "COMBINING BREVE BELOW", [ 0x032F ] = "COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW", [ 0x0330 ] = "COMBINING TILDE BELOW", [ 0x0331 ] = "COMBINING MACRON BELOW", [ 0x0332 ] = "COMBINING LOW LINE", [ 0x0333 ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE", [ 0x0334 ] = "COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY", [ 0x0335 ] = "COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY", [ 0x0336 ] = "COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY", [ 0x0337 ] = "COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY", [ 0x0338 ] = "COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY", [ 0x0339 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW", [ 0x033A ] = "COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW", [ 0x033B ] = "COMBINING SQUARE BELOW", [ 0x033C ] = "COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW", [ 0x033D ] = "COMBINING X ABOVE", [ 0x033E ] = "COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE", [ 0x033F ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE", [ 0x0340 ] = "COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK", [ 0x0341 ] = "COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK", [ 0x0342 ] = "COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI", [ 0x0343 ] = "COMBINING GREEK KORONIS", [ 0x0344 ] = "COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS", [ 0x0345 ] = "COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI", [ 0x0346 ] = "COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE", [ 0x0347 ] = "COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW", [ 0x0348 ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW", [ 0x0349 ] = "COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW", [ 0x034A ] = "COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE", [ 0x034B ] = "COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE", [ 0x034C ] = "COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE", [ 0x034D ] = "COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW", [ 0x034E ] = "COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW", [ 0x034F ] = "COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER", [ 0x0350 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE", [ 0x0351 ] = "COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE", [ 0x0352 ] = "COMBINING FERMATA", [ 0x0353 ] = "COMBINING X BELOW", [ 0x0354 ] = "COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW", [ 0x0355 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW", [ 0x0356 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW", [ 0x0357 ] = "COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE", [ 0x0358 ] = "COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT", [ 0x0359 ] = "COMBINING ASTERISK BELOW", [ 0x035A ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE RING BELOW", [ 0x035B ] = "COMBINING ZIGZAG ABOVE", [ 0x035C ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW", [ 0x035D ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE", [ 0x035E ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON", [ 0x035F ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW", [ 0x0360 ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE", [ 0x0361 ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE", [ 0x0362 ] = "COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW", [ 0x0363 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A", [ 0x0364 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E", [ 0x0365 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I", [ 0x0366 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O", [ 0x0367 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U", [ 0x0368 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C", [ 0x0369 ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D", [ 0x036A ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H", [ 0x036B ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER M", [ 0x036C ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R", [ 0x036D ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER T", [ 0x036E ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V", [ 0x036F ] = "COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X", [ 0x0370 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA", [ 0x0371 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA", [ 0x0372 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI", [ 0x0373 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI", [ 0x0374 ] = "GREEK NUMERAL SIGN", [ 0x0375 ] = "GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN", [ 0x0376 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA", [ 0x0377 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA", [ 0x037A ] = "GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI", [ 0x037B ] = "GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x037C ] = "GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x037D ] = "GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x037E ] = "GREEK QUESTION MARK", [ 0x037F ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT", [ 0x0384 ] = "GREEK TONOS", [ 0x0385 ] = "GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS", [ 0x0386 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS", [ 0x0387 ] = "GREEK ANO TELEIA", [ 0x0388 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS", [ 0x0389 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS", [ 0x038A ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS", [ 0x038C ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS", [ 0x038E ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS", [ 0x038F ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS", [ 0x0390 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS", [ 0x0391 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA", [ 0x0392 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA", [ 0x0393 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA", [ 0x0394 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA", [ 0x0395 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON", [ 0x0396 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA", [ 0x0397 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA", [ 0x0398 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA", [ 0x0399 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA", [ 0x039A ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA", [ 0x039B ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA", [ 0x039C ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU", [ 0x039D ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU", [ 0x039E ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI", [ 0x039F ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON", [ 0x03A0 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI", [ 0x03A1 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO", [ 0x03A3 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA", [ 0x03A4 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU", [ 0x03A5 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON", [ 0x03A6 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI", [ 0x03A7 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI", [ 0x03A8 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI", [ 0x03A9 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA", [ 0x03AA ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA", [ 0x03AB ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA", [ 0x03AC ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS", [ 0x03AD ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS", [ 0x03AE ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS", [ 0x03AF ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS", [ 0x03B0 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS", [ 0x03B1 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA", [ 0x03B2 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA", [ 0x03B3 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA", [ 0x03B4 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA", [ 0x03B5 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON", [ 0x03B6 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA", [ 0x03B7 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA", [ 0x03B8 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA", [ 0x03B9 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA", [ 0x03BA ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA", [ 0x03BB ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA", [ 0x03BC ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER MU", [ 0x03BD ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER NU", [ 0x03BE ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER XI", [ 0x03BF ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON", [ 0x03C0 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER PI", [ 0x03C1 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO", [ 0x03C2 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA", [ 0x03C3 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA", [ 0x03C4 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU", [ 0x03C5 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON", [ 0x03C6 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI", [ 0x03C7 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI", [ 0x03C8 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI", [ 0x03C9 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA", [ 0x03CA ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA", [ 0x03CB ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA", [ 0x03CC ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS", [ 0x03CD ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS", [ 0x03CE ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS", [ 0x03CF ] = "GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL", [ 0x03D0 ] = "GREEK BETA SYMBOL", [ 0x03D1 ] = "GREEK THETA SYMBOL", [ 0x03D2 ] = "GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL", [ 0x03D3 ] = "GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL", [ 0x03D4 ] = "GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL", [ 0x03D5 ] = "GREEK PHI SYMBOL", [ 0x03D6 ] = "GREEK PI SYMBOL", [ 0x03D7 ] = "GREEK KAI SYMBOL", [ 0x03D8 ] = "GREEK LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA", [ 0x03D9 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA", [ 0x03DA ] = "GREEK LETTER STIGMA", [ 0x03DB ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA", [ 0x03DC ] = "GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA", [ 0x03DD ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA", [ 0x03DE ] = "GREEK LETTER KOPPA", [ 0x03DF ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA", [ 0x03E0 ] = "GREEK LETTER SAMPI", [ 0x03E1 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI", [ 0x03E2 ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI", [ 0x03E3 ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI", [ 0x03E4 ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI", [ 0x03E5 ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI", [ 0x03E6 ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI", [ 0x03E7 ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI", [ 0x03E8 ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI", [ 0x03E9 ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI", [ 0x03EA ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA", [ 0x03EB ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA", [ 0x03EC ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA", [ 0x03ED ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA", [ 0x03EE ] = "COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI", [ 0x03EF ] = "COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI", [ 0x03F0 ] = "GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL", [ 0x03F1 ] = "GREEK RHO SYMBOL", [ 0x03F2 ] = "GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x03F3 ] = "GREEK LETTER YOT", [ 0x03F4 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL", [ 0x03F5 ] = "GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL", [ 0x03F6 ] = "GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL", [ 0x03F7 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHO", [ 0x03F8 ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER SHO", [ 0x03F9 ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x03FA ] = "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN", [ 0x03FB ] = "GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN", [ 0x03FC ] = "GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL", [ 0x03FD ] = "GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x03FE ] = "GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x03FF ] = "GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL", [ 0x0400 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE", [ 0x0401 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO", [ 0x0402 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE", [ 0x0403 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE", [ 0x0404 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE", [ 0x0405 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE", [ 0x0406 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I", [ 0x0407 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI", [ 0x0408 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE", [ 0x0409 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE", [ 0x040A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE", [ 0x040B ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE", [ 0x040C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE", [ 0x040D ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE", [ 0x040E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U", [ 0x040F ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE", [ 0x0410 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A", [ 0x0411 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE", [ 0x0412 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE", [ 0x0413 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE", [ 0x0414 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE", [ 0x0415 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE", [ 0x0416 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE", [ 0x0417 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE", [ 0x0418 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I", [ 0x0419 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I", [ 0x041A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA", [ 0x041B ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL", [ 0x041C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM", [ 0x041D ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN", [ 0x041E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O", [ 0x041F ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE", [ 0x0420 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER", [ 0x0421 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES", [ 0x0422 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE", [ 0x0423 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U", [ 0x0424 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF", [ 0x0425 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA", [ 0x0426 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE", [ 0x0427 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE", [ 0x0428 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA", [ 0x0429 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA", [ 0x042A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN", [ 0x042B ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU", [ 0x042C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN", [ 0x042D ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E", [ 0x042E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU", [ 0x042F ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA", [ 0x0430 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A", [ 0x0431 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE", [ 0x0432 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE", [ 0x0433 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE", [ 0x0434 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE", [ 0x0435 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE", [ 0x0436 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE", [ 0x0437 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE", [ 0x0438 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I", [ 0x0439 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I", [ 0x043A ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA", [ 0x043B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL", [ 0x043C ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM", [ 0x043D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN", [ 0x043E ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O", [ 0x043F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE", [ 0x0440 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER", [ 0x0441 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES", [ 0x0442 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE", [ 0x0443 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U", [ 0x0444 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF", [ 0x0445 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA", [ 0x0446 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE", [ 0x0447 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE", [ 0x0448 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA", [ 0x0449 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA", [ 0x044A ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN", [ 0x044B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU", [ 0x044C ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN", [ 0x044D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E", [ 0x044E ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU", [ 0x044F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA", [ 0x0450 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE", [ 0x0451 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO", [ 0x0452 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE", [ 0x0453 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE", [ 0x0454 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE", [ 0x0455 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE", [ 0x0456 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I", [ 0x0457 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI", [ 0x0458 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE", [ 0x0459 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE", [ 0x045A ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE", [ 0x045B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE", [ 0x045C ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE", [ 0x045D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE", [ 0x045E ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U", [ 0x045F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE", [ 0x0460 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA", [ 0x0461 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA", [ 0x0462 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT", [ 0x0463 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT", [ 0x0464 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E", [ 0x0465 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E", [ 0x0466 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS", [ 0x0467 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS", [ 0x0468 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS", [ 0x0469 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS", [ 0x046A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS", [ 0x046B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS", [ 0x046C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS", [ 0x046D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS", [ 0x046E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI", [ 0x046F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI", [ 0x0470 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI", [ 0x0471 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI", [ 0x0472 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA", [ 0x0473 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA", [ 0x0474 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA", [ 0x0475 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA", [ 0x0476 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0477 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0478 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK", [ 0x0479 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK", [ 0x047A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA", [ 0x047B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA", [ 0x047C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO", [ 0x047D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO", [ 0x047E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT", [ 0x047F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT", [ 0x0480 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA", [ 0x0481 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA", [ 0x0482 ] = "CYRILLIC THOUSANDS SIGN", [ 0x0483 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO", [ 0x0484 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC PALATALIZATION", [ 0x0485 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA", [ 0x0486 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC PSILI PNEUMATA", [ 0x0487 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC POKRYTIE", [ 0x0488 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN", [ 0x0489 ] = "COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN", [ 0x048A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL", [ 0x048B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL", [ 0x048C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN", [ 0x048D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN", [ 0x048E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER WITH TICK", [ 0x048F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK", [ 0x0490 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN", [ 0x0491 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN", [ 0x0492 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE", [ 0x0493 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE", [ 0x0494 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0495 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0496 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0497 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0498 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0499 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x049A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x049B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x049C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE", [ 0x049D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE", [ 0x049E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE", [ 0x049F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE", [ 0x04A0 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA", [ 0x04A1 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA", [ 0x04A2 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04A3 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04A4 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE", [ 0x04A5 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE", [ 0x04A6 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x04A7 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x04A8 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA", [ 0x04A9 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA", [ 0x04AA ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04AB ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04AC ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04AD ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04AE ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U", [ 0x04AF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U", [ 0x04B0 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE", [ 0x04B1 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE", [ 0x04B2 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04B3 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04B4 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE", [ 0x04B5 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE", [ 0x04B6 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04B7 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04B8 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE", [ 0x04B9 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE", [ 0x04BA ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA", [ 0x04BB ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA", [ 0x04BC ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE", [ 0x04BD ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE", [ 0x04BE ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04BF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04C0 ] = "CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA", [ 0x04C1 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE", [ 0x04C2 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE", [ 0x04C3 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK", [ 0x04C4 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK", [ 0x04C5 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH TAIL", [ 0x04C6 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH TAIL", [ 0x04C7 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK", [ 0x04C8 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK", [ 0x04C9 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH TAIL", [ 0x04CA ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH TAIL", [ 0x04CB ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE", [ 0x04CC ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE", [ 0x04CD ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM WITH TAIL", [ 0x04CE ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM WITH TAIL", [ 0x04CF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA", [ 0x04D0 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE", [ 0x04D1 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE", [ 0x04D2 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04D3 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04D4 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE", [ 0x04D5 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE", [ 0x04D6 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE", [ 0x04D7 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE", [ 0x04D8 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA", [ 0x04D9 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA", [ 0x04DA ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04DB ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04DC ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04DD ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04DE ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04DF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04E0 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE", [ 0x04E1 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE", [ 0x04E2 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON", [ 0x04E3 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON", [ 0x04E4 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04E5 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04E6 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04E7 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04E8 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O", [ 0x04E9 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O", [ 0x04EA ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04EB ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04EC ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04ED ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04EE ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON", [ 0x04EF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON", [ 0x04F0 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04F1 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04F2 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x04F3 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE", [ 0x04F4 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04F5 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04F6 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04F7 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x04F8 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04F9 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS", [ 0x04FA ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK", [ 0x04FB ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK", [ 0x04FC ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH HOOK", [ 0x04FD ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH HOOK", [ 0x04FE ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE", [ 0x04FF ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE", [ 0x0500 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DE", [ 0x0501 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DE", [ 0x0502 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DJE", [ 0x0503 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DJE", [ 0x0504 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI ZJE", [ 0x0505 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI ZJE", [ 0x0506 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DZJE", [ 0x0507 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DZJE", [ 0x0508 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI LJE", [ 0x0509 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI LJE", [ 0x050A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI NJE", [ 0x050B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI NJE", [ 0x050C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI SJE", [ 0x050D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI SJE", [ 0x050E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI TJE", [ 0x050F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI TJE", [ 0x0510 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED ZE", [ 0x0511 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED ZE", [ 0x0512 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH HOOK", [ 0x0513 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH HOOK", [ 0x0514 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LHA", [ 0x0515 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LHA", [ 0x0516 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER RHA", [ 0x0517 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER RHA", [ 0x0518 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE", [ 0x0519 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE", [ 0x051A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER QA", [ 0x051B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER QA", [ 0x051C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WE", [ 0x051D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WE", [ 0x051E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ALEUT KA", [ 0x051F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ALEUT KA", [ 0x0520 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0521 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0522 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0523 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK", [ 0x0524 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0525 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0526 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0527 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0528 ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK", [ 0x0529 ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK", [ 0x052A ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZHE", [ 0x052B ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZHE", [ 0x052C ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DCHE", [ 0x052D ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DCHE", [ 0x052E ] = "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x052F ] = "CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER", [ 0x0531 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB", [ 0x0532 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN", [ 0x0533 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM", [ 0x0534 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA", [ 0x0535 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH", [ 0x0536 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA", [ 0x0537 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH", [ 0x0538 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET", [ 0x0539 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO", [ 0x053A ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE", [ 0x053B ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI", [ 0x053C ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN", [ 0x053D ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH", [ 0x053E ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA", [ 0x053F ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN", [ 0x0540 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO", [ 0x0541 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA", [ 0x0542 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD", [ 0x0543 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH", [ 0x0544 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN", [ 0x0545 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI", [ 0x0546 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW", [ 0x0547 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA", [ 0x0548 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO", [ 0x0549 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA", [ 0x054A ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH", [ 0x054B ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH", [ 0x054C ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA", [ 0x054D ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH", [ 0x054E ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW", [ 0x054F ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN", [ 0x0550 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH", [ 0x0551 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO", [ 0x0552 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN", [ 0x0553 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR", [ 0x0554 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH", [ 0x0555 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH", [ 0x0556 ] = "ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH", [ 0x0559 ] = "ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING", [ 0x055A ] = "ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE", [ 0x055B ] = "ARMENIAN EMPHASIS MARK", [ 0x055C ] = "ARMENIAN EXCLAMATION MARK", [ 0x055D ] = "ARMENIAN COMMA", [ 0x055E ] = "ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK", [ 0x055F ] = "ARMENIAN ABBREVIATION MARK", [ 0x0560 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TURNED AYB", [ 0x0561 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB", [ 0x0562 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN", [ 0x0563 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM", [ 0x0564 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA", [ 0x0565 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH", [ 0x0566 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA", [ 0x0567 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH", [ 0x0568 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET", [ 0x0569 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO", [ 0x056A ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE", [ 0x056B ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI", [ 0x056C ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN", [ 0x056D ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH", [ 0x056E ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA", [ 0x056F ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN", [ 0x0570 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO", [ 0x0571 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA", [ 0x0572 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD", [ 0x0573 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH", [ 0x0574 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN", [ 0x0575 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI", [ 0x0576 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW", [ 0x0577 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA", [ 0x0578 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO", [ 0x0579 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA", [ 0x057A ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH", [ 0x057B ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH", [ 0x057C ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA", [ 0x057D ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH", [ 0x057E ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW", [ 0x057F ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN", [ 0x0580 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH", [ 0x0581 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO", [ 0x0582 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN", [ 0x0583 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR", [ 0x0584 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH", [ 0x0585 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH", [ 0x0586 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH", [ 0x0587 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN", [ 0x0588 ] = "ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI WITH STROKE", [ 0x0589 ] = "ARMENIAN FULL STOP", [ 0x058A ] = "ARMENIAN HYPHEN", [ 0x058D ] = "RIGHT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN", [ 0x058E ] = "LEFT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN", [ 0x058F ] = "ARMENIAN DRAM SIGN", [ 0x0591 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA", [ 0x0592 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL", [ 0x0593 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET", [ 0x0594 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN", [ 0x0595 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL", [ 0x0596 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA", [ 0x0597 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT REVIA", [ 0x0598 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA", [ 0x0599 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA", [ 0x059A ] = "HEBREW ACCENT YETIV", [ 0x059B ] = "HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR", [ 0x059C ] = "HEBREW ACCENT GERESH", [ 0x059D ] = "HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM", [ 0x059E ] = "HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM", [ 0x059F ] = "HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA", [ 0x05A0 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA", [ 0x05A1 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT PAZER", [ 0x05A2 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ATNAH HAFUKH", [ 0x05A3 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH", [ 0x05A4 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH", [ 0x05A5 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA", [ 0x05A6 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA", [ 0x05A7 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT DARGA", [ 0x05A8 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT QADMA", [ 0x05A9 ] = "HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA", [ 0x05AA ] = "HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO", [ 0x05AB ] = "HEBREW ACCENT OLE", [ 0x05AC ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ILUY", [ 0x05AD ] = "HEBREW ACCENT DEHI", [ 0x05AE ] = "HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR", [ 0x05AF ] = "HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE", [ 0x05B0 ] = "HEBREW POINT SHEVA", [ 0x05B1 ] = "HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL", [ 0x05B2 ] = "HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH", [ 0x05B3 ] = "HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS", [ 0x05B4 ] = "HEBREW POINT HIRIQ", [ 0x05B5 ] = "HEBREW POINT TSERE", [ 0x05B6 ] = "HEBREW POINT SEGOL", [ 0x05B7 ] = "HEBREW POINT PATAH", [ 0x05B8 ] = "HEBREW POINT QAMATS", [ 0x05B9 ] = "HEBREW POINT HOLAM", [ 0x05BA ] = "HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV", [ 0x05BB ] = "HEBREW POINT QUBUTS", [ 0x05BC ] = "HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ", [ 0x05BD ] = "HEBREW POINT METEG", [ 0x05BE ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF", [ 0x05BF ] = "HEBREW POINT RAFE", [ 0x05C0 ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ", [ 0x05C1 ] = "HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT", [ 0x05C2 ] = "HEBREW POINT SIN DOT", [ 0x05C3 ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ", [ 0x05C4 ] = "HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT", [ 0x05C5 ] = "HEBREW MARK LOWER DOT", [ 0x05C6 ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA", [ 0x05C7 ] = "HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN", [ 0x05D0 ] = "HEBREW LETTER ALEF", [ 0x05D1 ] = "HEBREW LETTER BET", [ 0x05D2 ] = "HEBREW LETTER GIMEL", [ 0x05D3 ] = "HEBREW LETTER DALET", [ 0x05D4 ] = "HEBREW LETTER HE", [ 0x05D5 ] = "HEBREW LETTER VAV", [ 0x05D6 ] = "HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN", [ 0x05D7 ] = "HEBREW LETTER HET", [ 0x05D8 ] = "HEBREW LETTER TET", [ 0x05D9 ] = "HEBREW LETTER YOD", [ 0x05DA ] = "HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF", [ 0x05DB ] = "HEBREW LETTER KAF", [ 0x05DC ] = "HEBREW LETTER LAMED", [ 0x05DD ] = "HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM", [ 0x05DE ] = "HEBREW LETTER MEM", [ 0x05DF ] = "HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN", [ 0x05E0 ] = "HEBREW LETTER NUN", [ 0x05E1 ] = "HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH", [ 0x05E2 ] = "HEBREW LETTER AYIN", [ 0x05E3 ] = "HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE", [ 0x05E4 ] = "HEBREW LETTER PE", [ 0x05E5 ] = "HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI", [ 0x05E6 ] = "HEBREW LETTER TSADI", [ 0x05E7 ] = "HEBREW LETTER QOF", [ 0x05E8 ] = "HEBREW LETTER RESH", [ 0x05E9 ] = "HEBREW LETTER SHIN", [ 0x05EA ] = "HEBREW LETTER TAV", [ 0x05EF ] = "HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE", [ 0x05F0 ] = "HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV", [ 0x05F1 ] = "HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD", [ 0x05F2 ] = "HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD", [ 0x05F3 ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH", [ 0x05F4 ] = "HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM", [ 0x0600 ] = "ARABIC NUMBER SIGN", [ 0x0601 ] = "ARABIC SIGN SANAH", [ 0x0602 ] = "ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER", [ 0x0603 ] = "ARABIC SIGN SAFHA", [ 0x0604 ] = "ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT", [ 0x0605 ] = "ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE", [ 0x0606 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT", [ 0x0607 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT", [ 0x0608 ] = "ARABIC RAY", [ 0x0609 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN", [ 0x060A ] = "ARABIC-INDIC PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN", [ 0x060B ] = "AFGHANI SIGN", [ 0x060C ] = "ARABIC COMMA", [ 0x060D ] = "ARABIC DATE SEPARATOR", [ 0x060E ] = "ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN", [ 0x060F ] = "ARABIC SIGN MISRA", [ 0x0610 ] = "ARABIC SIGN SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM", [ 0x0611 ] = "ARABIC SIGN ALAYHE ASSALLAM", [ 0x0612 ] = "ARABIC SIGN RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE", [ 0x0613 ] = "ARABIC SIGN RADI ALLAHOU ANHU", [ 0x0614 ] = "ARABIC SIGN TAKHALLUS", [ 0x0615 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH TAH", [ 0x0616 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH LAM WITH YEH", [ 0x0617 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAIN", [ 0x0618 ] = "ARABIC SMALL FATHA", [ 0x0619 ] = "ARABIC SMALL DAMMA", [ 0x061A ] = "ARABIC SMALL KASRA", [ 0x061B ] = "ARABIC SEMICOLON", [ 0x061C ] = "ARABIC LETTER MARK", [ 0x061D ] = "ARABIC END OF TEXT MARK", [ 0x061E ] = "ARABIC TRIPLE DOT PUNCTUATION MARK", [ 0x061F ] = "ARABIC QUESTION MARK", [ 0x0620 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH", [ 0x0621 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAMZA", [ 0x0622 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE", [ 0x0623 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0624 ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0625 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW", [ 0x0626 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0627 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF", [ 0x0628 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH", [ 0x0629 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA", [ 0x062A ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH", [ 0x062B ] = "ARABIC LETTER THEH", [ 0x062C ] = "ARABIC LETTER JEEM", [ 0x062D ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH", [ 0x062E ] = "ARABIC LETTER KHAH", [ 0x062F ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL", [ 0x0630 ] = "ARABIC LETTER THAL", [ 0x0631 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH", [ 0x0632 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ZAIN", [ 0x0633 ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN", [ 0x0634 ] = "ARABIC LETTER SHEEN", [ 0x0635 ] = "ARABIC LETTER SAD", [ 0x0636 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAD", [ 0x0637 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TAH", [ 0x0638 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ZAH", [ 0x0639 ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN", [ 0x063A ] = "ARABIC LETTER GHAIN", [ 0x063B ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x063C ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x063D ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH INVERTED V", [ 0x063E ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x063F ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0640 ] = "ARABIC TATWEEL", [ 0x0641 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH", [ 0x0642 ] = "ARABIC LETTER QAF", [ 0x0643 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF", [ 0x0644 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM", [ 0x0645 ] = "ARABIC LETTER MEEM", [ 0x0646 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON", [ 0x0647 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH", [ 0x0648 ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW", [ 0x0649 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA", [ 0x064A ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH", [ 0x064B ] = "ARABIC FATHATAN", [ 0x064C ] = "ARABIC DAMMATAN", [ 0x064D ] = "ARABIC KASRATAN", [ 0x064E ] = "ARABIC FATHA", [ 0x064F ] = "ARABIC DAMMA", [ 0x0650 ] = "ARABIC KASRA", [ 0x0651 ] = "ARABIC SHADDA", [ 0x0652 ] = "ARABIC SUKUN", [ 0x0653 ] = "ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE", [ 0x0654 ] = "ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0655 ] = "ARABIC HAMZA BELOW", [ 0x0656 ] = "ARABIC SUBSCRIPT ALEF", [ 0x0657 ] = "ARABIC INVERTED DAMMA", [ 0x0658 ] = "ARABIC MARK NOON GHUNNA", [ 0x0659 ] = "ARABIC ZWARAKAY", [ 0x065A ] = "ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE", [ 0x065B ] = "ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE", [ 0x065C ] = "ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW", [ 0x065D ] = "ARABIC REVERSED DAMMA", [ 0x065E ] = "ARABIC FATHA WITH TWO DOTS", [ 0x065F ] = "ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW", [ 0x0660 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0661 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0662 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0663 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0664 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0665 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0666 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0667 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0668 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0669 ] = "ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE", [ 0x066A ] = "ARABIC PERCENT SIGN", [ 0x066B ] = "ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR", [ 0x066C ] = "ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR", [ 0x066D ] = "ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR", [ 0x066E ] = "ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS BEH", [ 0x066F ] = "ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS QAF", [ 0x0670 ] = "ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF", [ 0x0671 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA", [ 0x0672 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0673 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW", [ 0x0674 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA", [ 0x0675 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA ALEF", [ 0x0676 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA WAW", [ 0x0677 ] = "ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0678 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA YEH", [ 0x0679 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TTEH", [ 0x067A ] = "ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH", [ 0x067B ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEEH", [ 0x067C ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING", [ 0x067D ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS", [ 0x067E ] = "ARABIC LETTER PEH", [ 0x067F ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEHEH", [ 0x0680 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEHEH", [ 0x0681 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x0682 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE", [ 0x0683 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NYEH", [ 0x0684 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DYEH", [ 0x0685 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0686 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TCHEH", [ 0x0687 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH", [ 0x0688 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DDAL", [ 0x0689 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING", [ 0x068A ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x068B ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH", [ 0x068C ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAHAL", [ 0x068D ] = "ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL", [ 0x068E ] = "ARABIC LETTER DUL", [ 0x068F ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS", [ 0x0690 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0691 ] = "ARABIC LETTER RREH", [ 0x0692 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x0693 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING", [ 0x0694 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x0695 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW", [ 0x0696 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0697 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0698 ] = "ARABIC LETTER JEH", [ 0x0699 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x069A ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x069B ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x069C ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x069D ] = "ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x069E ] = "ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x069F ] = "ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06A0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06A1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH", [ 0x06A2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW", [ 0x06A3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x06A4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER VEH", [ 0x06A5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x06A6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER PEHEH", [ 0x06A7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x06A8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06A9 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH", [ 0x06AA ] = "ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF", [ 0x06AB ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING", [ 0x06AC ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x06AD ] = "ARABIC LETTER NG", [ 0x06AE ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x06AF ] = "ARABIC LETTER GAF", [ 0x06B0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING", [ 0x06B1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NGOEH", [ 0x06B2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x06B3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GUEH", [ 0x06B4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06B5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V", [ 0x06B6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x06B7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06B8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x06B9 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x06BA ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA", [ 0x06BB ] = "ARABIC LETTER RNOON", [ 0x06BC ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING", [ 0x06BD ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06BE ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE", [ 0x06BF ] = "ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x06C0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE", [ 0x06C1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL", [ 0x06C2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x06C3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL", [ 0x06C4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING", [ 0x06C5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE", [ 0x06C6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER OE", [ 0x06C7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER U", [ 0x06C8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YU", [ 0x06C9 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU", [ 0x06CA ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x06CB ] = "ARABIC LETTER VE", [ 0x06CC ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH", [ 0x06CD ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL", [ 0x06CE ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x06CF ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x06D0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER E", [ 0x06D1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x06D2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE", [ 0x06D3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x06D4 ] = "ARABIC FULL STOP", [ 0x06D5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER AE", [ 0x06D6 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA", [ 0x06D7 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA", [ 0x06D8 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM", [ 0x06D9 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF", [ 0x06DA ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM", [ 0x06DB ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS", [ 0x06DC ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN", [ 0x06DD ] = "ARABIC END OF AYAH", [ 0x06DE ] = "ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB", [ 0x06DF ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO", [ 0x06E0 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO", [ 0x06E1 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH", [ 0x06E2 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM", [ 0x06E3 ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN", [ 0x06E4 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA", [ 0x06E5 ] = "ARABIC SMALL WAW", [ 0x06E6 ] = "ARABIC SMALL YEH", [ 0x06E7 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH", [ 0x06E8 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON", [ 0x06E9 ] = "ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH", [ 0x06EA ] = "ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP", [ 0x06EB ] = "ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE HIGH STOP", [ 0x06EC ] = "ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE", [ 0x06ED ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM", [ 0x06EE ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED V", [ 0x06EF ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH INVERTED V", [ 0x06F0 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x06F1 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE", [ 0x06F2 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO", [ 0x06F3 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE", [ 0x06F4 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x06F5 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x06F6 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX", [ 0x06F7 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x06F8 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x06F9 ] = "EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE", [ 0x06FA ] = "ARABIC LETTER SHEEN WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x06FB ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAD WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x06FC ] = "ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x06FD ] = "ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND", [ 0x06FE ] = "ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN", [ 0x06FF ] = "ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH INVERTED V", [ 0x0700 ] = "SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH", [ 0x0701 ] = "SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP", [ 0x0702 ] = "SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP", [ 0x0703 ] = "SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON", [ 0x0704 ] = "SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON", [ 0x0705 ] = "SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON", [ 0x0706 ] = "SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT", [ 0x0707 ] = "SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT", [ 0x0708 ] = "SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT", [ 0x0709 ] = "SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED RIGHT", [ 0x070A ] = "SYRIAC CONTRACTION", [ 0x070B ] = "SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS", [ 0x070C ] = "SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS", [ 0x070D ] = "SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS", [ 0x070F ] = "SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK", [ 0x0710 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH", [ 0x0711 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH", [ 0x0712 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER BETH", [ 0x0713 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL", [ 0x0714 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI", [ 0x0715 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER DALATH", [ 0x0716 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH", [ 0x0717 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER HE", [ 0x0718 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER WAW", [ 0x0719 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN", [ 0x071A ] = "SYRIAC LETTER HETH", [ 0x071B ] = "SYRIAC LETTER TETH", [ 0x071C ] = "SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI", [ 0x071D ] = "SYRIAC LETTER YUDH", [ 0x071E ] = "SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE", [ 0x071F ] = "SYRIAC LETTER KAPH", [ 0x0720 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH", [ 0x0721 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MIM", [ 0x0722 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER NUN", [ 0x0723 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH", [ 0x0724 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH", [ 0x0725 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER E", [ 0x0726 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER PE", [ 0x0727 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE", [ 0x0728 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SADHE", [ 0x0729 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER QAPH", [ 0x072A ] = "SYRIAC LETTER RISH", [ 0x072B ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SHIN", [ 0x072C ] = "SYRIAC LETTER TAW", [ 0x072D ] = "SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN BHETH", [ 0x072E ] = "SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN GHAMAL", [ 0x072F ] = "SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH", [ 0x0730 ] = "SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE", [ 0x0731 ] = "SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW", [ 0x0732 ] = "SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED", [ 0x0733 ] = "SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE", [ 0x0734 ] = "SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW", [ 0x0735 ] = "SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED", [ 0x0736 ] = "SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE", [ 0x0737 ] = "SYRIAC RBASA BELOW", [ 0x0738 ] = "SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL", [ 0x0739 ] = "SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR", [ 0x073A ] = "SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE", [ 0x073B ] = "SYRIAC HBASA BELOW", [ 0x073C ] = "SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED", [ 0x073D ] = "SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE", [ 0x073E ] = "SYRIAC ESASA BELOW", [ 0x073F ] = "SYRIAC RWAHA", [ 0x0740 ] = "SYRIAC FEMININE DOT", [ 0x0741 ] = "SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA", [ 0x0742 ] = "SYRIAC RUKKAKHA", [ 0x0743 ] = "SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0744 ] = "SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW", [ 0x0745 ] = "SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0746 ] = "SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x0747 ] = "SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE", [ 0x0748 ] = "SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW", [ 0x0749 ] = "SYRIAC MUSIC", [ 0x074A ] = "SYRIAC BARREKH", [ 0x074D ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN", [ 0x074E ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN KHAPH", [ 0x074F ] = "SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN FE", [ 0x0750 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS HORIZONTALLY BELOW", [ 0x0751 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0752 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW", [ 0x0753 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0754 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0755 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW", [ 0x0756 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x0757 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0758 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW", [ 0x0759 ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW AND SMALL TAH", [ 0x075A ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW", [ 0x075B ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH STROKE", [ 0x075C ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x075D ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x075E ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS POINTING DOWNWARDS ABOVE", [ 0x075F ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE", [ 0x0760 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x0761 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW", [ 0x0762 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0763 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0764 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW", [ 0x0765 ] = "ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0766 ] = "ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x0767 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x0768 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH", [ 0x0769 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL V", [ 0x076A ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR", [ 0x076B ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE", [ 0x076C ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x076D ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE", [ 0x076E ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW", [ 0x076F ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS", [ 0x0770 ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS", [ 0x0771 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS", [ 0x0772 ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE", [ 0x0773 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE", [ 0x0774 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE", [ 0x0775 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE", [ 0x0776 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE", [ 0x0777 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW", [ 0x0778 ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE", [ 0x0779 ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE", [ 0x077A ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE", [ 0x077B ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE", [ 0x077C ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW", [ 0x077D ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR ABOVE", [ 0x077E ] = "ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH INVERTED V", [ 0x077F ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x0780 ] = "THAANA LETTER HAA", [ 0x0781 ] = "THAANA LETTER SHAVIYANI", [ 0x0782 ] = "THAANA LETTER NOONU", [ 0x0783 ] = "THAANA LETTER RAA", [ 0x0784 ] = "THAANA LETTER BAA", [ 0x0785 ] = "THAANA LETTER LHAVIYANI", [ 0x0786 ] = "THAANA LETTER KAAFU", [ 0x0787 ] = "THAANA LETTER ALIFU", [ 0x0788 ] = "THAANA LETTER VAAVU", [ 0x0789 ] = "THAANA LETTER MEEMU", [ 0x078A ] = "THAANA LETTER FAAFU", [ 0x078B ] = "THAANA LETTER DHAALU", [ 0x078C ] = "THAANA LETTER THAA", [ 0x078D ] = "THAANA LETTER LAAMU", [ 0x078E ] = "THAANA LETTER GAAFU", [ 0x078F ] = "THAANA LETTER GNAVIYANI", [ 0x0790 ] = "THAANA LETTER SEENU", [ 0x0791 ] = "THAANA LETTER DAVIYANI", [ 0x0792 ] = "THAANA LETTER ZAVIYANI", [ 0x0793 ] = "THAANA LETTER TAVIYANI", [ 0x0794 ] = "THAANA LETTER YAA", [ 0x0795 ] = "THAANA LETTER PAVIYANI", [ 0x0796 ] = "THAANA LETTER JAVIYANI", [ 0x0797 ] = "THAANA LETTER CHAVIYANI", [ 0x0798 ] = "THAANA LETTER TTAA", [ 0x0799 ] = "THAANA LETTER HHAA", [ 0x079A ] = "THAANA LETTER KHAA", [ 0x079B ] = "THAANA LETTER THAALU", [ 0x079C ] = "THAANA LETTER ZAA", [ 0x079D ] = "THAANA LETTER SHEENU", [ 0x079E ] = "THAANA LETTER SAADHU", [ 0x079F ] = "THAANA LETTER DAADHU", [ 0x07A0 ] = "THAANA LETTER TO", [ 0x07A1 ] = "THAANA LETTER ZO", [ 0x07A2 ] = "THAANA LETTER AINU", [ 0x07A3 ] = "THAANA LETTER GHAINU", [ 0x07A4 ] = "THAANA LETTER QAAFU", [ 0x07A5 ] = "THAANA LETTER WAAVU", [ 0x07A6 ] = "THAANA ABAFILI", [ 0x07A7 ] = "THAANA AABAAFILI", [ 0x07A8 ] = "THAANA IBIFILI", [ 0x07A9 ] = "THAANA EEBEEFILI", [ 0x07AA ] = "THAANA UBUFILI", [ 0x07AB ] = "THAANA OOBOOFILI", [ 0x07AC ] = "THAANA EBEFILI", [ 0x07AD ] = "THAANA EYBEYFILI", [ 0x07AE ] = "THAANA OBOFILI", [ 0x07AF ] = "THAANA OABOAFILI", [ 0x07B0 ] = "THAANA SUKUN", [ 0x07B1 ] = "THAANA LETTER NAA", [ 0x07C0 ] = "NKO DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x07C1 ] = "NKO DIGIT ONE", [ 0x07C2 ] = "NKO DIGIT TWO", [ 0x07C3 ] = "NKO DIGIT THREE", [ 0x07C4 ] = "NKO DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x07C5 ] = "NKO DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x07C6 ] = "NKO DIGIT SIX", [ 0x07C7 ] = "NKO DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x07C8 ] = "NKO DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x07C9 ] = "NKO DIGIT NINE", [ 0x07CA ] = "NKO LETTER A", [ 0x07CB ] = "NKO LETTER EE", [ 0x07CC ] = "NKO LETTER I", [ 0x07CD ] = "NKO LETTER E", [ 0x07CE ] = "NKO LETTER U", [ 0x07CF ] = "NKO LETTER OO", [ 0x07D0 ] = "NKO LETTER O", [ 0x07D1 ] = "NKO LETTER DAGBASINNA", [ 0x07D2 ] = "NKO LETTER N", [ 0x07D3 ] = "NKO LETTER BA", [ 0x07D4 ] = "NKO LETTER PA", [ 0x07D5 ] = "NKO LETTER TA", [ 0x07D6 ] = "NKO LETTER JA", [ 0x07D7 ] = "NKO LETTER CHA", [ 0x07D8 ] = "NKO LETTER DA", [ 0x07D9 ] = "NKO LETTER RA", [ 0x07DA ] = "NKO LETTER RRA", [ 0x07DB ] = "NKO LETTER SA", [ 0x07DC ] = "NKO LETTER GBA", [ 0x07DD ] = "NKO LETTER FA", [ 0x07DE ] = "NKO LETTER KA", [ 0x07DF ] = "NKO LETTER LA", [ 0x07E0 ] = "NKO LETTER NA WOLOSO", [ 0x07E1 ] = "NKO LETTER MA", [ 0x07E2 ] = "NKO LETTER NYA", [ 0x07E3 ] = "NKO LETTER NA", [ 0x07E4 ] = "NKO LETTER HA", [ 0x07E5 ] = "NKO LETTER WA", [ 0x07E6 ] = "NKO LETTER YA", [ 0x07E7 ] = "NKO LETTER NYA WOLOSO", [ 0x07E8 ] = "NKO LETTER JONA JA", [ 0x07E9 ] = "NKO LETTER JONA CHA", [ 0x07EA ] = "NKO LETTER JONA RA", [ 0x07EB ] = "NKO COMBINING SHORT HIGH TONE", [ 0x07EC ] = "NKO COMBINING SHORT LOW TONE", [ 0x07ED ] = "NKO COMBINING SHORT RISING TONE", [ 0x07EE ] = "NKO COMBINING LONG DESCENDING TONE", [ 0x07EF ] = "NKO COMBINING LONG HIGH TONE", [ 0x07F0 ] = "NKO COMBINING LONG LOW TONE", [ 0x07F1 ] = "NKO COMBINING LONG RISING TONE", [ 0x07F2 ] = "NKO COMBINING NASALIZATION MARK", [ 0x07F3 ] = "NKO COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE", [ 0x07F4 ] = "NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE", [ 0x07F5 ] = "NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE", [ 0x07F6 ] = "NKO SYMBOL OO DENNEN", [ 0x07F7 ] = "NKO SYMBOL GBAKURUNEN", [ 0x07F8 ] = "NKO COMMA", [ 0x07F9 ] = "NKO EXCLAMATION MARK", [ 0x07FA ] = "NKO LAJANYALAN", [ 0x07FD ] = "NKO DANTAYALAN", [ 0x07FE ] = "NKO DOROME SIGN", [ 0x07FF ] = "NKO TAMAN SIGN", [ 0x0800 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER ALAF", [ 0x0801 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER BIT", [ 0x0802 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER GAMAN", [ 0x0803 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER DALAT", [ 0x0804 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER IY", [ 0x0805 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER BAA", [ 0x0806 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN", [ 0x0807 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER IT", [ 0x0808 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER TIT", [ 0x0809 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER YUT", [ 0x080A ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER KAAF", [ 0x080B ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER LABAT", [ 0x080C ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER MIM", [ 0x080D ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER NUN", [ 0x080E ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER SINGAAT", [ 0x080F ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER IN", [ 0x0810 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER FI", [ 0x0811 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER TSAADIY", [ 0x0812 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER QUF", [ 0x0813 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER RISH", [ 0x0814 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN", [ 0x0815 ] = "SAMARITAN LETTER TAAF", [ 0x0816 ] = "SAMARITAN MARK IN", [ 0x0817 ] = "SAMARITAN MARK IN-ALAF", [ 0x0818 ] = "SAMARITAN MARK OCCLUSION", [ 0x0819 ] = "SAMARITAN MARK DAGESH", [ 0x081A ] = "SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER EPENTHETIC YUT", [ 0x081B ] = "SAMARITAN MARK EPENTHETIC YUT", [ 0x081C ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG E", [ 0x081D ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x081E ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG AA", [ 0x081F ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG AA", [ 0x0820 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0821 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG A", [ 0x0822 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG A", [ 0x0823 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN A", [ 0x0824 ] = "SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER SHORT A", [ 0x0825 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SHORT A", [ 0x0826 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG U", [ 0x0827 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0828 ] = "SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER I", [ 0x0829 ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG I", [ 0x082A ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x082B ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x082C ] = "SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SUKUN", [ 0x082D ] = "SAMARITAN MARK NEQUDAA", [ 0x0830 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION NEQUDAA", [ 0x0831 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION AFSAAQ", [ 0x0832 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANGED", [ 0x0833 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION BAU", [ 0x0834 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ATMAAU", [ 0x0835 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SHIYYAALAA", [ 0x0836 ] = "SAMARITAN ABBREVIATION MARK", [ 0x0837 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION MELODIC QITSA", [ 0x0838 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZIQAA", [ 0x0839 ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION QITSA", [ 0x083A ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZAEF", [ 0x083B ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION TURU", [ 0x083C ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ARKAANU", [ 0x083D ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SOF MASHFAAT", [ 0x083E ] = "SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANNAAU", [ 0x0840 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER HALQA", [ 0x0841 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AB", [ 0x0842 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AG", [ 0x0843 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AD", [ 0x0844 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AH", [ 0x0845 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER USHENNA", [ 0x0846 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AZ", [ 0x0847 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER IT", [ 0x0848 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER ATT", [ 0x0849 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AKSA", [ 0x084A ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AK", [ 0x084B ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AL", [ 0x084C ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AM", [ 0x084D ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AN", [ 0x084E ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AS", [ 0x084F ] = "MANDAIC LETTER IN", [ 0x0850 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AP", [ 0x0851 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER ASZ", [ 0x0852 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AQ", [ 0x0853 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AR", [ 0x0854 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER ASH", [ 0x0855 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AT", [ 0x0856 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER DUSHENNA", [ 0x0857 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER KAD", [ 0x0858 ] = "MANDAIC LETTER AIN", [ 0x0859 ] = "MANDAIC AFFRICATION MARK", [ 0x085A ] = "MANDAIC VOCALIZATION MARK", [ 0x085B ] = "MANDAIC GEMINATION MARK", [ 0x085E ] = "MANDAIC PUNCTUATION", [ 0x0860 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NGA", [ 0x0861 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM JA", [ 0x0862 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NYA", [ 0x0863 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM TTA", [ 0x0864 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNA", [ 0x0865 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNNA", [ 0x0866 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM BHA", [ 0x0867 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM RA", [ 0x0868 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLA", [ 0x0869 ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLLA", [ 0x086A ] = "SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM SSA", [ 0x0870 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED FATHA", [ 0x0871 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA", [ 0x0872 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE", [ 0x0873 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH LEFT MIDDLE STROKE", [ 0x0874 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED KASRA", [ 0x0875 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA", [ 0x0876 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x0877 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT ROUND DOT", [ 0x0878 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT ROUND DOT", [ 0x0879 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT BELOW", [ 0x087A ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x087B ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x087C ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x087D ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x087E ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND LEFT RING", [ 0x087F ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND LEFT RING", [ 0x0880 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND LEFT RING", [ 0x0881 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT HAMZA", [ 0x0882 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT HAMZA", [ 0x0883 ] = "ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK HAMZA", [ 0x0884 ] = "ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK WAW", [ 0x0885 ] = "ARABIC TATWEEL WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x0886 ] = "ARABIC LETTER THIN YEH", [ 0x0887 ] = "ARABIC BASELINE ROUND DOT", [ 0x0888 ] = "ARABIC RAISED ROUND DOT", [ 0x0889 ] = "ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V", [ 0x088A ] = "ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW", [ 0x088B ] = "ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x088C ] = "ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x088D ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW", [ 0x088E ] = "ARABIC VERTICAL TAIL", [ 0x0890 ] = "ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE", [ 0x0891 ] = "ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE", [ 0x0898 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AL-JUZ", [ 0x0899 ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD ISHMAAM", [ 0x089A ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD IMAALA", [ 0x089B ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD TASHEEL", [ 0x089C ] = "ARABIC MADDA WAAJIB", [ 0x089D ] = "ARABIC SUPERSCRIPT ALEF MOKHASSAS", [ 0x089E ] = "ARABIC DOUBLED MADDA", [ 0x089F ] = "ARABIC HALF MADDA OVER MADDA", [ 0x08A0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW", [ 0x08A1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x08A2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08A3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08A4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08A5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x08A6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR", [ 0x08A7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08A8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE", [ 0x08A9 ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x08AA ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH LOOP", [ 0x08AB ] = "ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT WITHIN", [ 0x08AC ] = "ARABIC LETTER ROHINGYA YEH", [ 0x08AD ] = "ARABIC LETTER LOW ALEF", [ 0x08AE ] = "ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08AF ] = "ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08B0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE", [ 0x08B1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER STRAIGHT WAW", [ 0x08B2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER ZAIN WITH INVERTED V ABOVE", [ 0x08B3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08B4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x08B5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW AND NO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08B6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE", [ 0x08B7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE", [ 0x08B8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL TEH ABOVE", [ 0x08B9 ] = "ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL NOON ABOVE", [ 0x08BA ] = "ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND SMALL NOON ABOVE", [ 0x08BB ] = "ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH", [ 0x08BC ] = "ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF", [ 0x08BD ] = "ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON", [ 0x08BE ] = "ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x08BF ] = "ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x08C0 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TTEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x08C1 ] = "ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x08C2 ] = "ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH SMALL V", [ 0x08C3 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08C4 ] = "ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08C5 ] = "ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08C6 ] = "ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08C7 ] = "ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE", [ 0x08C8 ] = "ARABIC LETTER GRAF", [ 0x08C9 ] = "ARABIC SMALL FARSI YEH", [ 0x08CA ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH FARSI YEH", [ 0x08CB ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08CC ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAH", [ 0x08CD ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAH", [ 0x08CE ] = "ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT ABOVE", [ 0x08CF ] = "ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT BELOW", [ 0x08D0 ] = "ARABIC SUKUN BELOW", [ 0x08D1 ] = "ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE BELOW", [ 0x08D2 ] = "ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT INSIDE CIRCLE BELOW", [ 0x08D3 ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW", [ 0x08D4 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AR-RUB", [ 0x08D5 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH SAD", [ 0x08D6 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH AIN", [ 0x08D7 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH QAF", [ 0x08D8 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH KASRA", [ 0x08D9 ] = "ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH KASRA", [ 0x08DA ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD ATH-THALATHA", [ 0x08DB ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AS-SAJDA", [ 0x08DC ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AN-NISF", [ 0x08DD ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAKTA", [ 0x08DE ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD QIF", [ 0x08DF ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD WAQFA", [ 0x08E0 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH FOOTNOTE MARKER", [ 0x08E1 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH SIGN SAFHA", [ 0x08E2 ] = "ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH", [ 0x08E3 ] = "ARABIC TURNED DAMMA BELOW", [ 0x08E4 ] = "ARABIC CURLY FATHA", [ 0x08E5 ] = "ARABIC CURLY DAMMA", [ 0x08E6 ] = "ARABIC CURLY KASRA", [ 0x08E7 ] = "ARABIC CURLY FATHATAN", [ 0x08E8 ] = "ARABIC CURLY DAMMATAN", [ 0x08E9 ] = "ARABIC CURLY KASRATAN", [ 0x08EA ] = "ARABIC TONE ONE DOT ABOVE", [ 0x08EB ] = "ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS ABOVE", [ 0x08EC ] = "ARABIC TONE LOOP ABOVE", [ 0x08ED ] = "ARABIC TONE ONE DOT BELOW", [ 0x08EE ] = "ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS BELOW", [ 0x08EF ] = "ARABIC TONE LOOP BELOW", [ 0x08F0 ] = "ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN", [ 0x08F1 ] = "ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN", [ 0x08F2 ] = "ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN", [ 0x08F3 ] = "ARABIC SMALL HIGH WAW", [ 0x08F4 ] = "ARABIC FATHA WITH RING", [ 0x08F5 ] = "ARABIC FATHA WITH DOT ABOVE", [ 0x08F6 ] = "ARABIC KASRA WITH DOT BELOW", [ 0x08F7 ] = "ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD ABOVE", [ 0x08F8 ] = "ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE", [ 0x08F9 ] = "ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW", [ 0x08FA ] = "ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW", [ 0x08FB ] = "ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE", [ 0x08FC ] = "ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT", [ 0x08FD ] = "ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT", [ 0x08FE ] = "ARABIC DAMMA WITH DOT", [ 0x08FF ] = "ARABIC MARK SIDEWAYS NOON GHUNNA", [ 0x0900 ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0901 ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0902 ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0903 ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0904 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A", [ 0x0905 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER A", [ 0x0906 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER AA", [ 0x0907 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER I", [ 0x0908 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER II", [ 0x0909 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER U", [ 0x090A ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER UU", [ 0x090B ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x090C ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x090D ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E", [ 0x090E ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E", [ 0x090F ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER E", [ 0x0910 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER AI", [ 0x0911 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O", [ 0x0912 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O", [ 0x0913 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER O", [ 0x0914 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER AU", [ 0x0915 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER KA", [ 0x0916 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA", [ 0x0917 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER GA", [ 0x0918 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA", [ 0x0919 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA", [ 0x091A ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER CA", [ 0x091B ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA", [ 0x091C ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER JA", [ 0x091D ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA", [ 0x091E ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA", [ 0x091F ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA", [ 0x0920 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0921 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA", [ 0x0922 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0923 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA", [ 0x0924 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER TA", [ 0x0925 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER THA", [ 0x0926 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DA", [ 0x0927 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA", [ 0x0928 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER NA", [ 0x0929 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA", [ 0x092A ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER PA", [ 0x092B ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA", [ 0x092C ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER BA", [ 0x092D ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA", [ 0x092E ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER MA", [ 0x092F ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER YA", [ 0x0930 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER RA", [ 0x0931 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA", [ 0x0932 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER LA", [ 0x0933 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA", [ 0x0934 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA", [ 0x0935 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER VA", [ 0x0936 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA", [ 0x0937 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA", [ 0x0938 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER SA", [ 0x0939 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER HA", [ 0x093A ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE", [ 0x093B ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE", [ 0x093C ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x093D ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x093E ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x093F ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0940 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0941 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0942 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0943 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0944 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0945 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E", [ 0x0946 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E", [ 0x0947 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0948 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0949 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O", [ 0x094A ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O", [ 0x094B ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x094C ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x094D ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x094E ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E", [ 0x094F ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW", [ 0x0950 ] = "DEVANAGARI OM", [ 0x0951 ] = "DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA", [ 0x0952 ] = "DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA", [ 0x0953 ] = "DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT", [ 0x0954 ] = "DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT", [ 0x0955 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA LONG E", [ 0x0956 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE", [ 0x0957 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE", [ 0x0958 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER QA", [ 0x0959 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA", [ 0x095A ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA", [ 0x095B ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA", [ 0x095C ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDHA", [ 0x095D ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER RHA", [ 0x095E ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER FA", [ 0x095F ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA", [ 0x0960 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0961 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0962 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0963 ] = "DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0964 ] = "DEVANAGARI DANDA", [ 0x0965 ] = "DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA", [ 0x0966 ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0967 ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0968 ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0969 ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE", [ 0x096A ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x096B ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x096C ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX", [ 0x096D ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x096E ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x096F ] = "DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0970 ] = "DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN", [ 0x0971 ] = "DEVANAGARI SIGN HIGH SPACING DOT", [ 0x0972 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A", [ 0x0973 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER OE", [ 0x0974 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE", [ 0x0975 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER AW", [ 0x0976 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER UE", [ 0x0977 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE", [ 0x0978 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER MARWARI DDA", [ 0x0979 ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER ZHA", [ 0x097A ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER HEAVY YA", [ 0x097B ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA", [ 0x097C ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA", [ 0x097D ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP", [ 0x097E ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA", [ 0x097F ] = "DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA", [ 0x0980 ] = "BENGALI ANJI", [ 0x0981 ] = "BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0982 ] = "BENGALI SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0983 ] = "BENGALI SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0985 ] = "BENGALI LETTER A", [ 0x0986 ] = "BENGALI LETTER AA", [ 0x0987 ] = "BENGALI LETTER I", [ 0x0988 ] = "BENGALI LETTER II", [ 0x0989 ] = "BENGALI LETTER U", [ 0x098A ] = "BENGALI LETTER UU", [ 0x098B ] = "BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x098C ] = "BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x098F ] = "BENGALI LETTER E", [ 0x0990 ] = "BENGALI LETTER AI", [ 0x0993 ] = "BENGALI LETTER O", [ 0x0994 ] = "BENGALI LETTER AU", [ 0x0995 ] = "BENGALI LETTER KA", [ 0x0996 ] = "BENGALI LETTER KHA", [ 0x0997 ] = "BENGALI LETTER GA", [ 0x0998 ] = "BENGALI LETTER GHA", [ 0x0999 ] = "BENGALI LETTER NGA", [ 0x099A ] = "BENGALI LETTER CA", [ 0x099B ] = "BENGALI LETTER CHA", [ 0x099C ] = "BENGALI LETTER JA", [ 0x099D ] = "BENGALI LETTER JHA", [ 0x099E ] = "BENGALI LETTER NYA", [ 0x099F ] = "BENGALI LETTER TTA", [ 0x09A0 ] = "BENGALI LETTER TTHA", [ 0x09A1 ] = "BENGALI LETTER DDA", [ 0x09A2 ] = "BENGALI LETTER DDHA", [ 0x09A3 ] = "BENGALI LETTER NNA", [ 0x09A4 ] = "BENGALI LETTER TA", [ 0x09A5 ] = "BENGALI LETTER THA", [ 0x09A6 ] = "BENGALI LETTER DA", [ 0x09A7 ] = "BENGALI LETTER DHA", [ 0x09A8 ] = "BENGALI LETTER NA", [ 0x09AA ] = "BENGALI LETTER PA", [ 0x09AB ] = "BENGALI LETTER PHA", [ 0x09AC ] = "BENGALI LETTER BA", [ 0x09AD ] = "BENGALI LETTER BHA", [ 0x09AE ] = "BENGALI LETTER MA", [ 0x09AF ] = "BENGALI LETTER YA", [ 0x09B0 ] = "BENGALI LETTER RA", [ 0x09B2 ] = "BENGALI LETTER LA", [ 0x09B6 ] = "BENGALI LETTER SHA", [ 0x09B7 ] = "BENGALI LETTER SSA", [ 0x09B8 ] = "BENGALI LETTER SA", [ 0x09B9 ] = "BENGALI LETTER HA", [ 0x09BC ] = "BENGALI SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x09BD ] = "BENGALI SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x09BE ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x09BF ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x09C0 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x09C1 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x09C2 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x09C3 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x09C4 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x09C7 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x09C8 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x09CB ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x09CC ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x09CD ] = "BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x09CE ] = "BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA", [ 0x09D7 ] = "BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK", [ 0x09DC ] = "BENGALI LETTER RRA", [ 0x09DD ] = "BENGALI LETTER RHA", [ 0x09DF ] = "BENGALI LETTER YYA", [ 0x09E0 ] = "BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x09E1 ] = "BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x09E2 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x09E3 ] = "BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x09E6 ] = "BENGALI DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x09E7 ] = "BENGALI DIGIT ONE", [ 0x09E8 ] = "BENGALI DIGIT TWO", [ 0x09E9 ] = "BENGALI DIGIT THREE", [ 0x09EA ] = "BENGALI DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x09EB ] = "BENGALI DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x09EC ] = "BENGALI DIGIT SIX", [ 0x09ED ] = "BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x09EE ] = "BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x09EF ] = "BENGALI DIGIT NINE", [ 0x09F0 ] = "BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL", [ 0x09F1 ] = "BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL", [ 0x09F2 ] = "BENGALI RUPEE MARK", [ 0x09F3 ] = "BENGALI RUPEE SIGN", [ 0x09F4 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE", [ 0x09F5 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR TWO", [ 0x09F6 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR THREE", [ 0x09F7 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR FOUR", [ 0x09F8 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE LESS THAN THE DENOMINATOR", [ 0x09F9 ] = "BENGALI CURRENCY DENOMINATOR SIXTEEN", [ 0x09FA ] = "BENGALI ISSHAR", [ 0x09FB ] = "BENGALI GANDA MARK", [ 0x09FC ] = "BENGALI LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA", [ 0x09FD ] = "BENGALI ABBREVIATION SIGN", [ 0x09FE ] = "BENGALI SANDHI MARK", [ 0x0A01 ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI", [ 0x0A02 ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI", [ 0x0A03 ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0A05 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER A", [ 0x0A06 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER AA", [ 0x0A07 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER I", [ 0x0A08 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER II", [ 0x0A09 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER U", [ 0x0A0A ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER UU", [ 0x0A0F ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER EE", [ 0x0A10 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER AI", [ 0x0A13 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER OO", [ 0x0A14 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER AU", [ 0x0A15 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER KA", [ 0x0A16 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER KHA", [ 0x0A17 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER GA", [ 0x0A18 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER GHA", [ 0x0A19 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER NGA", [ 0x0A1A ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER CA", [ 0x0A1B ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER CHA", [ 0x0A1C ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER JA", [ 0x0A1D ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER JHA", [ 0x0A1E ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER NYA", [ 0x0A1F ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER TTA", [ 0x0A20 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0A21 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER DDA", [ 0x0A22 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0A23 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER NNA", [ 0x0A24 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER TA", [ 0x0A25 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER THA", [ 0x0A26 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER DA", [ 0x0A27 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER DHA", [ 0x0A28 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER NA", [ 0x0A2A ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER PA", [ 0x0A2B ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER PHA", [ 0x0A2C ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER BA", [ 0x0A2D ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER BHA", [ 0x0A2E ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER MA", [ 0x0A2F ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER YA", [ 0x0A30 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER RA", [ 0x0A32 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER LA", [ 0x0A33 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER LLA", [ 0x0A35 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER VA", [ 0x0A36 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER SHA", [ 0x0A38 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER SA", [ 0x0A39 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER HA", [ 0x0A3C ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x0A3E ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0A3F ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0A40 ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0A41 ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0A42 ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0A47 ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0A48 ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0A4B ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0A4C ] = "GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0A4D ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0A51 ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT", [ 0x0A59 ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA", [ 0x0A5A ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA", [ 0x0A5B ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER ZA", [ 0x0A5C ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER RRA", [ 0x0A5E ] = "GURMUKHI LETTER FA", [ 0x0A66 ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0A67 ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0A68 ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0A69 ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0A6A ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0A6B ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0A6C ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0A6D ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0A6E ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0A6F ] = "GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0A70 ] = "GURMUKHI TIPPI", [ 0x0A71 ] = "GURMUKHI ADDAK", [ 0x0A72 ] = "GURMUKHI IRI", [ 0x0A73 ] = "GURMUKHI URA", [ 0x0A74 ] = "GURMUKHI EK ONKAR", [ 0x0A75 ] = "GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH", [ 0x0A76 ] = "GURMUKHI ABBREVIATION SIGN", [ 0x0A81 ] = "GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0A82 ] = "GUJARATI SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0A83 ] = "GUJARATI SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0A85 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER A", [ 0x0A86 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER AA", [ 0x0A87 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER I", [ 0x0A88 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER II", [ 0x0A89 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER U", [ 0x0A8A ] = "GUJARATI LETTER UU", [ 0x0A8B ] = "GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x0A8C ] = "GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x0A8D ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E", [ 0x0A8F ] = "GUJARATI LETTER E", [ 0x0A90 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER AI", [ 0x0A91 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O", [ 0x0A93 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER O", [ 0x0A94 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER AU", [ 0x0A95 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER KA", [ 0x0A96 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER KHA", [ 0x0A97 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER GA", [ 0x0A98 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER GHA", [ 0x0A99 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER NGA", [ 0x0A9A ] = "GUJARATI LETTER CA", [ 0x0A9B ] = "GUJARATI LETTER CHA", [ 0x0A9C ] = "GUJARATI LETTER JA", [ 0x0A9D ] = "GUJARATI LETTER JHA", [ 0x0A9E ] = "GUJARATI LETTER NYA", [ 0x0A9F ] = "GUJARATI LETTER TTA", [ 0x0AA0 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0AA1 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER DDA", [ 0x0AA2 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0AA3 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER NNA", [ 0x0AA4 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER TA", [ 0x0AA5 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER THA", [ 0x0AA6 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER DA", [ 0x0AA7 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER DHA", [ 0x0AA8 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER NA", [ 0x0AAA ] = "GUJARATI LETTER PA", [ 0x0AAB ] = "GUJARATI LETTER PHA", [ 0x0AAC ] = "GUJARATI LETTER BA", [ 0x0AAD ] = "GUJARATI LETTER BHA", [ 0x0AAE ] = "GUJARATI LETTER MA", [ 0x0AAF ] = "GUJARATI LETTER YA", [ 0x0AB0 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER RA", [ 0x0AB2 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER LA", [ 0x0AB3 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER LLA", [ 0x0AB5 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER VA", [ 0x0AB6 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER SHA", [ 0x0AB7 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER SSA", [ 0x0AB8 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER SA", [ 0x0AB9 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER HA", [ 0x0ABC ] = "GUJARATI SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x0ABD ] = "GUJARATI SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x0ABE ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0ABF ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0AC0 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0AC1 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0AC2 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0AC3 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0AC4 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0AC5 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E", [ 0x0AC7 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0AC8 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0AC9 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O", [ 0x0ACB ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0ACC ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0ACD ] = "GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0AD0 ] = "GUJARATI OM", [ 0x0AE0 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0AE1 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0AE2 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0AE3 ] = "GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0AE6 ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0AE7 ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0AE8 ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0AE9 ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0AEA ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0AEB ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0AEC ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0AED ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0AEE ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0AEF ] = "GUJARATI DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0AF0 ] = "GUJARATI ABBREVIATION SIGN", [ 0x0AF1 ] = "GUJARATI RUPEE SIGN", [ 0x0AF9 ] = "GUJARATI LETTER ZHA", [ 0x0AFA ] = "GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN", [ 0x0AFB ] = "GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA", [ 0x0AFC ] = "GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH", [ 0x0AFD ] = "GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE", [ 0x0AFE ] = "GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE", [ 0x0AFF ] = "GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE", [ 0x0B01 ] = "ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0B02 ] = "ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0B03 ] = "ORIYA SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0B05 ] = "ORIYA LETTER A", [ 0x0B06 ] = "ORIYA LETTER AA", [ 0x0B07 ] = "ORIYA LETTER I", [ 0x0B08 ] = "ORIYA LETTER II", [ 0x0B09 ] = "ORIYA LETTER U", [ 0x0B0A ] = "ORIYA LETTER UU", [ 0x0B0B ] = "ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x0B0C ] = "ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x0B0F ] = "ORIYA LETTER E", [ 0x0B10 ] = "ORIYA LETTER AI", [ 0x0B13 ] = "ORIYA LETTER O", [ 0x0B14 ] = "ORIYA LETTER AU", [ 0x0B15 ] = "ORIYA LETTER KA", [ 0x0B16 ] = "ORIYA LETTER KHA", [ 0x0B17 ] = "ORIYA LETTER GA", [ 0x0B18 ] = "ORIYA LETTER GHA", [ 0x0B19 ] = "ORIYA LETTER NGA", [ 0x0B1A ] = "ORIYA LETTER CA", [ 0x0B1B ] = "ORIYA LETTER CHA", [ 0x0B1C ] = "ORIYA LETTER JA", [ 0x0B1D ] = "ORIYA LETTER JHA", [ 0x0B1E ] = "ORIYA LETTER NYA", [ 0x0B1F ] = "ORIYA LETTER TTA", [ 0x0B20 ] = "ORIYA LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0B21 ] = "ORIYA LETTER DDA", [ 0x0B22 ] = "ORIYA LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0B23 ] = "ORIYA LETTER NNA", [ 0x0B24 ] = "ORIYA LETTER TA", [ 0x0B25 ] = "ORIYA LETTER THA", [ 0x0B26 ] = "ORIYA LETTER DA", [ 0x0B27 ] = "ORIYA LETTER DHA", [ 0x0B28 ] = "ORIYA LETTER NA", [ 0x0B2A ] = "ORIYA LETTER PA", [ 0x0B2B ] = "ORIYA LETTER PHA", [ 0x0B2C ] = "ORIYA LETTER BA", [ 0x0B2D ] = "ORIYA LETTER BHA", [ 0x0B2E ] = "ORIYA LETTER MA", [ 0x0B2F ] = "ORIYA LETTER YA", [ 0x0B30 ] = "ORIYA LETTER RA", [ 0x0B32 ] = "ORIYA LETTER LA", [ 0x0B33 ] = "ORIYA LETTER LLA", [ 0x0B35 ] = "ORIYA LETTER VA", [ 0x0B36 ] = "ORIYA LETTER SHA", [ 0x0B37 ] = "ORIYA LETTER SSA", [ 0x0B38 ] = "ORIYA LETTER SA", [ 0x0B39 ] = "ORIYA LETTER HA", [ 0x0B3C ] = "ORIYA SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x0B3D ] = "ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x0B3E ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0B3F ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0B40 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0B41 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0B42 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0B43 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0B44 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0B47 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0B48 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0B4B ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0B4C ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0B4D ] = "ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0B55 ] = "ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE", [ 0x0B56 ] = "ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0B57 ] = "ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0B5C ] = "ORIYA LETTER RRA", [ 0x0B5D ] = "ORIYA LETTER RHA", [ 0x0B5F ] = "ORIYA LETTER YYA", [ 0x0B60 ] = "ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0B61 ] = "ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0B62 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0B63 ] = "ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0B66 ] = "ORIYA DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0B67 ] = "ORIYA DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0B68 ] = "ORIYA DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0B69 ] = "ORIYA DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0B6A ] = "ORIYA DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0B6B ] = "ORIYA DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0B6C ] = "ORIYA DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0B6D ] = "ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0B6E ] = "ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0B6F ] = "ORIYA DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0B70 ] = "ORIYA ISSHAR", [ 0x0B71 ] = "ORIYA LETTER WA", [ 0x0B72 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION ONE QUARTER", [ 0x0B73 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF", [ 0x0B74 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION THREE QUARTERS", [ 0x0B75 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH", [ 0x0B76 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION ONE EIGHTH", [ 0x0B77 ] = "ORIYA FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS", [ 0x0B82 ] = "TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0B83 ] = "TAMIL SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0B85 ] = "TAMIL LETTER A", [ 0x0B86 ] = "TAMIL LETTER AA", [ 0x0B87 ] = "TAMIL LETTER I", [ 0x0B88 ] = "TAMIL LETTER II", [ 0x0B89 ] = "TAMIL LETTER U", [ 0x0B8A ] = "TAMIL LETTER UU", [ 0x0B8E ] = "TAMIL LETTER E", [ 0x0B8F ] = "TAMIL LETTER EE", [ 0x0B90 ] = "TAMIL LETTER AI", [ 0x0B92 ] = "TAMIL LETTER O", [ 0x0B93 ] = "TAMIL LETTER OO", [ 0x0B94 ] = "TAMIL LETTER AU", [ 0x0B95 ] = "TAMIL LETTER KA", [ 0x0B99 ] = "TAMIL LETTER NGA", [ 0x0B9A ] = "TAMIL LETTER CA", [ 0x0B9C ] = "TAMIL LETTER JA", [ 0x0B9E ] = "TAMIL LETTER NYA", [ 0x0B9F ] = "TAMIL LETTER TTA", [ 0x0BA3 ] = "TAMIL LETTER NNA", [ 0x0BA4 ] = "TAMIL LETTER TA", [ 0x0BA8 ] = "TAMIL LETTER NA", [ 0x0BA9 ] = "TAMIL LETTER NNNA", [ 0x0BAA ] = "TAMIL LETTER PA", [ 0x0BAE ] = "TAMIL LETTER MA", [ 0x0BAF ] = "TAMIL LETTER YA", [ 0x0BB0 ] = "TAMIL LETTER RA", [ 0x0BB1 ] = "TAMIL LETTER RRA", [ 0x0BB2 ] = "TAMIL LETTER LA", [ 0x0BB3 ] = "TAMIL LETTER LLA", [ 0x0BB4 ] = "TAMIL LETTER LLLA", [ 0x0BB5 ] = "TAMIL LETTER VA", [ 0x0BB6 ] = "TAMIL LETTER SHA", [ 0x0BB7 ] = "TAMIL LETTER SSA", [ 0x0BB8 ] = "TAMIL LETTER SA", [ 0x0BB9 ] = "TAMIL LETTER HA", [ 0x0BBE ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0BBF ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0BC0 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0BC1 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0BC2 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0BC6 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0BC7 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0BC8 ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0BCA ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0BCB ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0BCC ] = "TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0BCD ] = "TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0BD0 ] = "TAMIL OM", [ 0x0BD7 ] = "TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0BE6 ] = "TAMIL DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0BE7 ] = "TAMIL DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0BE8 ] = "TAMIL DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0BE9 ] = "TAMIL DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0BEA ] = "TAMIL DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0BEB ] = "TAMIL DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0BEC ] = "TAMIL DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0BED ] = "TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0BEE ] = "TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0BEF ] = "TAMIL DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0BF0 ] = "TAMIL NUMBER TEN", [ 0x0BF1 ] = "TAMIL NUMBER ONE HUNDRED", [ 0x0BF2 ] = "TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND", [ 0x0BF3 ] = "TAMIL DAY SIGN", [ 0x0BF4 ] = "TAMIL MONTH SIGN", [ 0x0BF5 ] = "TAMIL YEAR SIGN", [ 0x0BF6 ] = "TAMIL DEBIT SIGN", [ 0x0BF7 ] = "TAMIL CREDIT SIGN", [ 0x0BF8 ] = "TAMIL AS ABOVE SIGN", [ 0x0BF9 ] = "TAMIL RUPEE SIGN", [ 0x0BFA ] = "TAMIL NUMBER SIGN", [ 0x0C00 ] = "TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE", [ 0x0C01 ] = "TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0C02 ] = "TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0C03 ] = "TELUGU SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0C04 ] = "TELUGU SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE", [ 0x0C05 ] = "TELUGU LETTER A", [ 0x0C06 ] = "TELUGU LETTER AA", [ 0x0C07 ] = "TELUGU LETTER I", [ 0x0C08 ] = "TELUGU LETTER II", [ 0x0C09 ] = "TELUGU LETTER U", [ 0x0C0A ] = "TELUGU LETTER UU", [ 0x0C0B ] = "TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x0C0C ] = "TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x0C0E ] = "TELUGU LETTER E", [ 0x0C0F ] = "TELUGU LETTER EE", [ 0x0C10 ] = "TELUGU LETTER AI", [ 0x0C12 ] = "TELUGU LETTER O", [ 0x0C13 ] = "TELUGU LETTER OO", [ 0x0C14 ] = "TELUGU LETTER AU", [ 0x0C15 ] = "TELUGU LETTER KA", [ 0x0C16 ] = "TELUGU LETTER KHA", [ 0x0C17 ] = "TELUGU LETTER GA", [ 0x0C18 ] = "TELUGU LETTER GHA", [ 0x0C19 ] = "TELUGU LETTER NGA", [ 0x0C1A ] = "TELUGU LETTER CA", [ 0x0C1B ] = "TELUGU LETTER CHA", [ 0x0C1C ] = "TELUGU LETTER JA", [ 0x0C1D ] = "TELUGU LETTER JHA", [ 0x0C1E ] = "TELUGU LETTER NYA", [ 0x0C1F ] = "TELUGU LETTER TTA", [ 0x0C20 ] = "TELUGU LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0C21 ] = "TELUGU LETTER DDA", [ 0x0C22 ] = "TELUGU LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0C23 ] = "TELUGU LETTER NNA", [ 0x0C24 ] = "TELUGU LETTER TA", [ 0x0C25 ] = "TELUGU LETTER THA", [ 0x0C26 ] = "TELUGU LETTER DA", [ 0x0C27 ] = "TELUGU LETTER DHA", [ 0x0C28 ] = "TELUGU LETTER NA", [ 0x0C2A ] = "TELUGU LETTER PA", [ 0x0C2B ] = "TELUGU LETTER PHA", [ 0x0C2C ] = "TELUGU LETTER BA", [ 0x0C2D ] = "TELUGU LETTER BHA", [ 0x0C2E ] = "TELUGU LETTER MA", [ 0x0C2F ] = "TELUGU LETTER YA", [ 0x0C30 ] = "TELUGU LETTER RA", [ 0x0C31 ] = "TELUGU LETTER RRA", [ 0x0C32 ] = "TELUGU LETTER LA", [ 0x0C33 ] = "TELUGU LETTER LLA", [ 0x0C34 ] = "TELUGU LETTER LLLA", [ 0x0C35 ] = "TELUGU LETTER VA", [ 0x0C36 ] = "TELUGU LETTER SHA", [ 0x0C37 ] = "TELUGU LETTER SSA", [ 0x0C38 ] = "TELUGU LETTER SA", [ 0x0C39 ] = "TELUGU LETTER HA", [ 0x0C3C ] = "TELUGU SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x0C3D ] = "TELUGU SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x0C3E ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0C3F ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0C40 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0C41 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0C42 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0C43 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0C44 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0C46 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0C47 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0C48 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0C4A ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0C4B ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0C4C ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0C4D ] = "TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0C55 ] = "TELUGU LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0C56 ] = "TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0C58 ] = "TELUGU LETTER TSA", [ 0x0C59 ] = "TELUGU LETTER DZA", [ 0x0C5A ] = "TELUGU LETTER RRRA", [ 0x0C5D ] = "TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU", [ 0x0C60 ] = "TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0C61 ] = "TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0C62 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0C63 ] = "TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0C66 ] = "TELUGU DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0C67 ] = "TELUGU DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0C68 ] = "TELUGU DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0C69 ] = "TELUGU DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0C6A ] = "TELUGU DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0C6B ] = "TELUGU DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0C6C ] = "TELUGU DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0C6D ] = "TELUGU DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0C6E ] = "TELUGU DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0C6F ] = "TELUGU DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0C77 ] = "TELUGU SIGN SIDDHAM", [ 0x0C78 ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C79 ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7A ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7B ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7C ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7D ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7E ] = "TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR", [ 0x0C7F ] = "TELUGU SIGN TUUMU", [ 0x0C80 ] = "KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0C81 ] = "KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0C82 ] = "KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0C83 ] = "KANNADA SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0C84 ] = "KANNADA SIGN SIDDHAM", [ 0x0C85 ] = "KANNADA LETTER A", [ 0x0C86 ] = "KANNADA LETTER AA", [ 0x0C87 ] = "KANNADA LETTER I", [ 0x0C88 ] = "KANNADA LETTER II", [ 0x0C89 ] = "KANNADA LETTER U", [ 0x0C8A ] = "KANNADA LETTER UU", [ 0x0C8B ] = "KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x0C8C ] = "KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x0C8E ] = "KANNADA LETTER E", [ 0x0C8F ] = "KANNADA LETTER EE", [ 0x0C90 ] = "KANNADA LETTER AI", [ 0x0C92 ] = "KANNADA LETTER O", [ 0x0C93 ] = "KANNADA LETTER OO", [ 0x0C94 ] = "KANNADA LETTER AU", [ 0x0C95 ] = "KANNADA LETTER KA", [ 0x0C96 ] = "KANNADA LETTER KHA", [ 0x0C97 ] = "KANNADA LETTER GA", [ 0x0C98 ] = "KANNADA LETTER GHA", [ 0x0C99 ] = "KANNADA LETTER NGA", [ 0x0C9A ] = "KANNADA LETTER CA", [ 0x0C9B ] = "KANNADA LETTER CHA", [ 0x0C9C ] = "KANNADA LETTER JA", [ 0x0C9D ] = "KANNADA LETTER JHA", [ 0x0C9E ] = "KANNADA LETTER NYA", [ 0x0C9F ] = "KANNADA LETTER TTA", [ 0x0CA0 ] = "KANNADA LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0CA1 ] = "KANNADA LETTER DDA", [ 0x0CA2 ] = "KANNADA LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0CA3 ] = "KANNADA LETTER NNA", [ 0x0CA4 ] = "KANNADA LETTER TA", [ 0x0CA5 ] = "KANNADA LETTER THA", [ 0x0CA6 ] = "KANNADA LETTER DA", [ 0x0CA7 ] = "KANNADA LETTER DHA", [ 0x0CA8 ] = "KANNADA LETTER NA", [ 0x0CAA ] = "KANNADA LETTER PA", [ 0x0CAB ] = "KANNADA LETTER PHA", [ 0x0CAC ] = "KANNADA LETTER BA", [ 0x0CAD ] = "KANNADA LETTER BHA", [ 0x0CAE ] = "KANNADA LETTER MA", [ 0x0CAF ] = "KANNADA LETTER YA", [ 0x0CB0 ] = "KANNADA LETTER RA", [ 0x0CB1 ] = "KANNADA LETTER RRA", [ 0x0CB2 ] = "KANNADA LETTER LA", [ 0x0CB3 ] = "KANNADA LETTER LLA", [ 0x0CB5 ] = "KANNADA LETTER VA", [ 0x0CB6 ] = "KANNADA LETTER SHA", [ 0x0CB7 ] = "KANNADA LETTER SSA", [ 0x0CB8 ] = "KANNADA LETTER SA", [ 0x0CB9 ] = "KANNADA LETTER HA", [ 0x0CBC ] = "KANNADA SIGN NUKTA", [ 0x0CBD ] = "KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x0CBE ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0CBF ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0CC0 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0CC1 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0CC2 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0CC3 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0CC4 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0CC6 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0CC7 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0CC8 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0CCA ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0CCB ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0CCC ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0CCD ] = "KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0CD5 ] = "KANNADA LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0CD6 ] = "KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0CDD ] = "KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU", [ 0x0CDE ] = "KANNADA LETTER FA", [ 0x0CE0 ] = "KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0CE1 ] = "KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0CE2 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0CE3 ] = "KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0CE6 ] = "KANNADA DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0CE7 ] = "KANNADA DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0CE8 ] = "KANNADA DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0CE9 ] = "KANNADA DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0CEA ] = "KANNADA DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0CEB ] = "KANNADA DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0CEC ] = "KANNADA DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0CED ] = "KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0CEE ] = "KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0CEF ] = "KANNADA DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0CF1 ] = "KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA", [ 0x0CF2 ] = "KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA", [ 0x0D00 ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE", [ 0x0D01 ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0D02 ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA", [ 0x0D03 ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA", [ 0x0D04 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA", [ 0x0D05 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER A", [ 0x0D06 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER AA", [ 0x0D07 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER I", [ 0x0D08 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER II", [ 0x0D09 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER U", [ 0x0D0A ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER UU", [ 0x0D0B ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC R", [ 0x0D0C ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L", [ 0x0D0E ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER E", [ 0x0D0F ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER EE", [ 0x0D10 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER AI", [ 0x0D12 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER O", [ 0x0D13 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER OO", [ 0x0D14 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER AU", [ 0x0D15 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER KA", [ 0x0D16 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER KHA", [ 0x0D17 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER GA", [ 0x0D18 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER GHA", [ 0x0D19 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER NGA", [ 0x0D1A ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CA", [ 0x0D1B ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHA", [ 0x0D1C ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER JA", [ 0x0D1D ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER JHA", [ 0x0D1E ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER NYA", [ 0x0D1F ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER TTA", [ 0x0D20 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0D21 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER DDA", [ 0x0D22 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0D23 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER NNA", [ 0x0D24 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER TA", [ 0x0D25 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER THA", [ 0x0D26 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER DA", [ 0x0D27 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER DHA", [ 0x0D28 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER NA", [ 0x0D29 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA", [ 0x0D2A ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER PA", [ 0x0D2B ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER PHA", [ 0x0D2C ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER BA", [ 0x0D2D ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER BHA", [ 0x0D2E ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER MA", [ 0x0D2F ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER YA", [ 0x0D30 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER RA", [ 0x0D31 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER RRA", [ 0x0D32 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER LA", [ 0x0D33 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER LLA", [ 0x0D34 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA", [ 0x0D35 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VA", [ 0x0D36 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER SHA", [ 0x0D37 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER SSA", [ 0x0D38 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER SA", [ 0x0D39 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER HA", [ 0x0D3A ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA", [ 0x0D3B ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA", [ 0x0D3C ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA", [ 0x0D3D ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN AVAGRAHA", [ 0x0D3E ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0D3F ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0D40 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0D41 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0D42 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0D43 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0D44 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0D46 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0D47 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0D48 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0D4A ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0D4B ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0D4C ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU", [ 0x0D4D ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA", [ 0x0D4E ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH", [ 0x0D4F ] = "MALAYALAM SIGN PARA", [ 0x0D54 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU M", [ 0x0D55 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU Y", [ 0x0D56 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LLL", [ 0x0D57 ] = "MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK", [ 0x0D58 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH", [ 0x0D59 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FORTIETH", [ 0x0D5A ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS", [ 0x0D5B ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH", [ 0x0D5C ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TENTH", [ 0x0D5D ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS", [ 0x0D5E ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FIFTH", [ 0x0D5F ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II", [ 0x0D60 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0D61 ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0D62 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0D63 ] = "MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0D66 ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0D67 ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0D68 ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0D69 ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0D6A ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0D6B ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0D6C ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0D6D ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0D6E ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0D6F ] = "MALAYALAM DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0D70 ] = "MALAYALAM NUMBER TEN", [ 0x0D71 ] = "MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE HUNDRED", [ 0x0D72 ] = "MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE THOUSAND", [ 0x0D73 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE QUARTER", [ 0x0D74 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE HALF", [ 0x0D75 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE QUARTERS", [ 0x0D76 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH", [ 0x0D77 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE EIGHTH", [ 0x0D78 ] = "MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS", [ 0x0D79 ] = "MALAYALAM DATE MARK", [ 0x0D7A ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN", [ 0x0D7B ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N", [ 0x0D7C ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR", [ 0x0D7D ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L", [ 0x0D7E ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL", [ 0x0D7F ] = "MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU K", [ 0x0D81 ] = "SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU", [ 0x0D82 ] = "SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA", [ 0x0D83 ] = "SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA", [ 0x0D85 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AYANNA", [ 0x0D86 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA", [ 0x0D87 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA", [ 0x0D88 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA", [ 0x0D89 ] = "SINHALA LETTER IYANNA", [ 0x0D8A ] = "SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA", [ 0x0D8B ] = "SINHALA LETTER UYANNA", [ 0x0D8C ] = "SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA", [ 0x0D8D ] = "SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA", [ 0x0D8E ] = "SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA", [ 0x0D8F ] = "SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA", [ 0x0D90 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA", [ 0x0D91 ] = "SINHALA LETTER EYANNA", [ 0x0D92 ] = "SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA", [ 0x0D93 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA", [ 0x0D94 ] = "SINHALA LETTER OYANNA", [ 0x0D95 ] = "SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA", [ 0x0D96 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA", [ 0x0D9A ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA", [ 0x0D9B ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA", [ 0x0D9C ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA", [ 0x0D9D ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA", [ 0x0D9E ] = "SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA", [ 0x0D9F ] = "SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA", [ 0x0DA0 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA", [ 0x0DA1 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA", [ 0x0DA2 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA", [ 0x0DA3 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA", [ 0x0DA4 ] = "SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA", [ 0x0DA5 ] = "SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA", [ 0x0DA6 ] = "SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA", [ 0x0DA7 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA", [ 0x0DA8 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA", [ 0x0DA9 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA", [ 0x0DAA ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA", [ 0x0DAB ] = "SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA", [ 0x0DAC ] = "SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA", [ 0x0DAD ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA", [ 0x0DAE ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA", [ 0x0DAF ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA", [ 0x0DB0 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA", [ 0x0DB1 ] = "SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA", [ 0x0DB3 ] = "SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA", [ 0x0DB4 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA", [ 0x0DB5 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA", [ 0x0DB6 ] = "SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA", [ 0x0DB7 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA", [ 0x0DB8 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA", [ 0x0DB9 ] = "SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA", [ 0x0DBA ] = "SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA", [ 0x0DBB ] = "SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA", [ 0x0DBD ] = "SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA", [ 0x0DC0 ] = "SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA", [ 0x0DC1 ] = "SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA", [ 0x0DC2 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA", [ 0x0DC3 ] = "SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA", [ 0x0DC4 ] = "SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA", [ 0x0DC5 ] = "SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA", [ 0x0DC6 ] = "SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA", [ 0x0DCA ] = "SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA", [ 0x0DCF ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD0 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD1 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD2 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA", [ 0x0DD3 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA", [ 0x0DD4 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD6 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD8 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA", [ 0x0DD9 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA", [ 0x0DDA ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA", [ 0x0DDB ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA", [ 0x0DDC ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA", [ 0x0DDD ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA", [ 0x0DDE ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA", [ 0x0DDF ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA", [ 0x0DE6 ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0DE7 ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0DE8 ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0DE9 ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0DEA ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0DEB ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0DEC ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0DED ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0DEE ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0DEF ] = "SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0DF2 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA", [ 0x0DF3 ] = "SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA", [ 0x0DF4 ] = "SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA", [ 0x0E01 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KO KAI", [ 0x0E02 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHO KHAI", [ 0x0E03 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHO KHUAT", [ 0x0E04 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHO KHWAI", [ 0x0E05 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHO KHON", [ 0x0E06 ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHO RAKHANG", [ 0x0E07 ] = "THAI CHARACTER NGO NGU", [ 0x0E08 ] = "THAI CHARACTER CHO CHAN", [ 0x0E09 ] = "THAI CHARACTER CHO CHING", [ 0x0E0A ] = "THAI CHARACTER CHO CHANG", [ 0x0E0B ] = "THAI CHARACTER SO SO", [ 0x0E0C ] = "THAI CHARACTER CHO CHOE", [ 0x0E0D ] = "THAI CHARACTER YO YING", [ 0x0E0E ] = "THAI CHARACTER DO CHADA", [ 0x0E0F ] = "THAI CHARACTER TO PATAK", [ 0x0E10 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO THAN", [ 0x0E11 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO NANGMONTHO", [ 0x0E12 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO PHUTHAO", [ 0x0E13 ] = "THAI CHARACTER NO NEN", [ 0x0E14 ] = "THAI CHARACTER DO DEK", [ 0x0E15 ] = "THAI CHARACTER TO TAO", [ 0x0E16 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO THUNG", [ 0x0E17 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO THAHAN", [ 0x0E18 ] = "THAI CHARACTER THO THONG", [ 0x0E19 ] = "THAI CHARACTER NO NU", [ 0x0E1A ] = "THAI CHARACTER BO BAIMAI", [ 0x0E1B ] = "THAI CHARACTER PO PLA", [ 0x0E1C ] = "THAI CHARACTER PHO PHUNG", [ 0x0E1D ] = "THAI CHARACTER FO FA", [ 0x0E1E ] = "THAI CHARACTER PHO PHAN", [ 0x0E1F ] = "THAI CHARACTER FO FAN", [ 0x0E20 ] = "THAI CHARACTER PHO SAMPHAO", [ 0x0E21 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MO MA", [ 0x0E22 ] = "THAI CHARACTER YO YAK", [ 0x0E23 ] = "THAI CHARACTER RO RUA", [ 0x0E24 ] = "THAI CHARACTER RU", [ 0x0E25 ] = "THAI CHARACTER LO LING", [ 0x0E26 ] = "THAI CHARACTER LU", [ 0x0E27 ] = "THAI CHARACTER WO WAEN", [ 0x0E28 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SO SALA", [ 0x0E29 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SO RUSI", [ 0x0E2A ] = "THAI CHARACTER SO SUA", [ 0x0E2B ] = "THAI CHARACTER HO HIP", [ 0x0E2C ] = "THAI CHARACTER LO CHULA", [ 0x0E2D ] = "THAI CHARACTER O ANG", [ 0x0E2E ] = "THAI CHARACTER HO NOKHUK", [ 0x0E2F ] = "THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI", [ 0x0E30 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA A", [ 0x0E31 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAI HAN-AKAT", [ 0x0E32 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA AA", [ 0x0E33 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA AM", [ 0x0E34 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA I", [ 0x0E35 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA II", [ 0x0E36 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA UE", [ 0x0E37 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA UEE", [ 0x0E38 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA U", [ 0x0E39 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA UU", [ 0x0E3A ] = "THAI CHARACTER PHINTHU", [ 0x0E3F ] = "THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT", [ 0x0E40 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA E", [ 0x0E41 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA AE", [ 0x0E42 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA O", [ 0x0E43 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMUAN", [ 0x0E44 ] = "THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMALAI", [ 0x0E45 ] = "THAI CHARACTER LAKKHANGYAO", [ 0x0E46 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAIYAMOK", [ 0x0E47 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU", [ 0x0E48 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAI EK", [ 0x0E49 ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAI THO", [ 0x0E4A ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAI TRI", [ 0x0E4B ] = "THAI CHARACTER MAI CHATTAWA", [ 0x0E4C ] = "THAI CHARACTER THANTHAKHAT", [ 0x0E4D ] = "THAI CHARACTER NIKHAHIT", [ 0x0E4E ] = "THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN", [ 0x0E4F ] = "THAI CHARACTER FONGMAN", [ 0x0E50 ] = "THAI DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0E51 ] = "THAI DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0E52 ] = "THAI DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0E53 ] = "THAI DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0E54 ] = "THAI DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0E55 ] = "THAI DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0E56 ] = "THAI DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0E57 ] = "THAI DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0E58 ] = "THAI DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0E59 ] = "THAI DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0E5A ] = "THAI CHARACTER ANGKHANKHU", [ 0x0E5B ] = "THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT", [ 0x0E81 ] = "LAO LETTER KO", [ 0x0E82 ] = "LAO LETTER KHO SUNG", [ 0x0E84 ] = "LAO LETTER KHO TAM", [ 0x0E86 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI GHA", [ 0x0E87 ] = "LAO LETTER NGO", [ 0x0E88 ] = "LAO LETTER CO", [ 0x0E89 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI CHA", [ 0x0E8A ] = "LAO LETTER SO TAM", [ 0x0E8C ] = "LAO LETTER PALI JHA", [ 0x0E8D ] = "LAO LETTER NYO", [ 0x0E8E ] = "LAO LETTER PALI NYA", [ 0x0E8F ] = "LAO LETTER PALI TTA", [ 0x0E90 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI TTHA", [ 0x0E91 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI DDA", [ 0x0E92 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI DDHA", [ 0x0E93 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI NNA", [ 0x0E94 ] = "LAO LETTER DO", [ 0x0E95 ] = "LAO LETTER TO", [ 0x0E96 ] = "LAO LETTER THO SUNG", [ 0x0E97 ] = "LAO LETTER THO TAM", [ 0x0E98 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI DHA", [ 0x0E99 ] = "LAO LETTER NO", [ 0x0E9A ] = "LAO LETTER BO", [ 0x0E9B ] = "LAO LETTER PO", [ 0x0E9C ] = "LAO LETTER PHO SUNG", [ 0x0E9D ] = "LAO LETTER FO TAM", [ 0x0E9E ] = "LAO LETTER PHO TAM", [ 0x0E9F ] = "LAO LETTER FO SUNG", [ 0x0EA0 ] = "LAO LETTER PALI BHA", [ 0x0EA1 ] = "LAO LETTER MO", [ 0x0EA2 ] = "LAO LETTER YO", [ 0x0EA3 ] = "LAO LETTER LO LING", [ 0x0EA5 ] = "LAO LETTER LO LOOT", [ 0x0EA7 ] = "LAO LETTER WO", [ 0x0EA8 ] = "LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SHA", [ 0x0EA9 ] = "LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SSA", [ 0x0EAA ] = "LAO LETTER SO SUNG", [ 0x0EAB ] = "LAO LETTER HO SUNG", [ 0x0EAC ] = "LAO LETTER PALI LLA", [ 0x0EAD ] = "LAO LETTER O", [ 0x0EAE ] = "LAO LETTER HO TAM", [ 0x0EAF ] = "LAO ELLIPSIS", [ 0x0EB0 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN A", [ 0x0EB1 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN", [ 0x0EB2 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0EB3 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN AM", [ 0x0EB4 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0EB5 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0EB6 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN Y", [ 0x0EB7 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN YY", [ 0x0EB8 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0EB9 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0EBA ] = "LAO SIGN PALI VIRAMA", [ 0x0EBB ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KON", [ 0x0EBC ] = "LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO", [ 0x0EBD ] = "LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO", [ 0x0EC0 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0EC1 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN EI", [ 0x0EC2 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0EC3 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN AY", [ 0x0EC4 ] = "LAO VOWEL SIGN AI", [ 0x0EC6 ] = "LAO KO LA", [ 0x0EC8 ] = "LAO TONE MAI EK", [ 0x0EC9 ] = "LAO TONE MAI THO", [ 0x0ECA ] = "LAO TONE MAI TI", [ 0x0ECB ] = "LAO TONE MAI CATAWA", [ 0x0ECC ] = "LAO CANCELLATION MARK", [ 0x0ECD ] = "LAO NIGGAHITA", [ 0x0ED0 ] = "LAO DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0ED1 ] = "LAO DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0ED2 ] = "LAO DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0ED3 ] = "LAO DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0ED4 ] = "LAO DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0ED5 ] = "LAO DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0ED6 ] = "LAO DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0ED7 ] = "LAO DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0ED8 ] = "LAO DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0ED9 ] = "LAO DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0EDC ] = "LAO HO NO", [ 0x0EDD ] = "LAO HO MO", [ 0x0EDE ] = "LAO LETTER KHMU GO", [ 0x0EDF ] = "LAO LETTER KHMU NYO", [ 0x0F00 ] = "TIBETAN SYLLABLE OM", [ 0x0F01 ] = "TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO TRUNCATED A", [ 0x0F02 ] = "TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM RNAM BCAD MA", [ 0x0F03 ] = "TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM GTER TSHEG MA", [ 0x0F04 ] = "TIBETAN MARK INITIAL YIG MGO MDUN MA", [ 0x0F05 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CLOSING YIG MGO SGAB MA", [ 0x0F06 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CARET YIG MGO PHUR SHAD MA", [ 0x0F07 ] = "TIBETAN MARK YIG MGO TSHEG SHAD MA", [ 0x0F08 ] = "TIBETAN MARK SBRUL SHAD", [ 0x0F09 ] = "TIBETAN MARK BSKUR YIG MGO", [ 0x0F0A ] = "TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG YIG MGO", [ 0x0F0B ] = "TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG", [ 0x0F0C ] = "TIBETAN MARK DELIMITER TSHEG BSTAR", [ 0x0F0D ] = "TIBETAN MARK SHAD", [ 0x0F0E ] = "TIBETAN MARK NYIS SHAD", [ 0x0F0F ] = "TIBETAN MARK TSHEG SHAD", [ 0x0F10 ] = "TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG SHAD", [ 0x0F11 ] = "TIBETAN MARK RIN CHEN SPUNGS SHAD", [ 0x0F12 ] = "TIBETAN MARK RGYA GRAM SHAD", [ 0x0F13 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS ME LONG CAN", [ 0x0F14 ] = "TIBETAN MARK GTER TSHEG", [ 0x0F15 ] = "TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN CHAD RTAGS", [ 0x0F16 ] = "TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN LHAG RTAGS", [ 0x0F17 ] = "TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SGRA GCAN -CHAR RTAGS", [ 0x0F18 ] = "TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA", [ 0x0F19 ] = "TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS", [ 0x0F1A ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GCIG", [ 0x0F1B ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GNYIS", [ 0x0F1C ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GSUM", [ 0x0F1D ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GCIG", [ 0x0F1E ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GNYIS", [ 0x0F1F ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR RDEL NAG", [ 0x0F20 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT ZERO", [ 0x0F21 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT ONE", [ 0x0F22 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT TWO", [ 0x0F23 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT THREE", [ 0x0F24 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT FOUR", [ 0x0F25 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT FIVE", [ 0x0F26 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT SIX", [ 0x0F27 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT SEVEN", [ 0x0F28 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT EIGHT", [ 0x0F29 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT NINE", [ 0x0F2A ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ONE", [ 0x0F2B ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF TWO", [ 0x0F2C ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF THREE", [ 0x0F2D ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FOUR", [ 0x0F2E ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FIVE", [ 0x0F2F ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SIX", [ 0x0F30 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SEVEN", [ 0x0F31 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF EIGHT", [ 0x0F32 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF NINE", [ 0x0F33 ] = "TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ZERO", [ 0x0F34 ] = "TIBETAN MARK BSDUS RTAGS", [ 0x0F35 ] = "TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA", [ 0x0F36 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS BZHI MIG CAN", [ 0x0F37 ] = "TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS", [ 0x0F38 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CHE MGO", [ 0x0F39 ] = "TIBETAN MARK TSA -PHRU", [ 0x0F3A ] = "TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON", [ 0x0F3B ] = "TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYAS", [ 0x0F3C ] = "TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON", [ 0x0F3D ] = "TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYAS", [ 0x0F3E ] = "TIBETAN SIGN YAR TSHES", [ 0x0F3F ] = "TIBETAN SIGN MAR TSHES", [ 0x0F40 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER KA", [ 0x0F41 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER KHA", [ 0x0F42 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER GA", [ 0x0F43 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER GHA", [ 0x0F44 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER NGA", [ 0x0F45 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER CA", [ 0x0F46 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER CHA", [ 0x0F47 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER JA", [ 0x0F49 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER NYA", [ 0x0F4A ] = "TIBETAN LETTER TTA", [ 0x0F4B ] = "TIBETAN LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0F4C ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DDA", [ 0x0F4D ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0F4E ] = "TIBETAN LETTER NNA", [ 0x0F4F ] = "TIBETAN LETTER TA", [ 0x0F50 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER THA", [ 0x0F51 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DA", [ 0x0F52 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DHA", [ 0x0F53 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER NA", [ 0x0F54 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER PA", [ 0x0F55 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER PHA", [ 0x0F56 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER BA", [ 0x0F57 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER BHA", [ 0x0F58 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER MA", [ 0x0F59 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER TSA", [ 0x0F5A ] = "TIBETAN LETTER TSHA", [ 0x0F5B ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DZA", [ 0x0F5C ] = "TIBETAN LETTER DZHA", [ 0x0F5D ] = "TIBETAN LETTER WA", [ 0x0F5E ] = "TIBETAN LETTER ZHA", [ 0x0F5F ] = "TIBETAN LETTER ZA", [ 0x0F60 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER -A", [ 0x0F61 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER YA", [ 0x0F62 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER RA", [ 0x0F63 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER LA", [ 0x0F64 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER SHA", [ 0x0F65 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER SSA", [ 0x0F66 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER SA", [ 0x0F67 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER HA", [ 0x0F68 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER A", [ 0x0F69 ] = "TIBETAN LETTER KSSA", [ 0x0F6A ] = "TIBETAN LETTER FIXED-FORM RA", [ 0x0F6B ] = "TIBETAN LETTER KKA", [ 0x0F6C ] = "TIBETAN LETTER RRA", [ 0x0F71 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA", [ 0x0F72 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN I", [ 0x0F73 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN II", [ 0x0F74 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN U", [ 0x0F75 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN UU", [ 0x0F76 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R", [ 0x0F77 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR", [ 0x0F78 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L", [ 0x0F79 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL", [ 0x0F7A ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN E", [ 0x0F7B ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN EE", [ 0x0F7C ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN O", [ 0x0F7D ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN OO", [ 0x0F7E ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RJES SU NGA RO", [ 0x0F7F ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RNAM BCAD", [ 0x0F80 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I", [ 0x0F81 ] = "TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED II", [ 0x0F82 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA", [ 0x0F83 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN", [ 0x0F84 ] = "TIBETAN MARK HALANTA", [ 0x0F85 ] = "TIBETAN MARK PALUTA", [ 0x0F86 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN LCI RTAGS", [ 0x0F87 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN YANG RTAGS", [ 0x0F88 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN LCE TSA CAN", [ 0x0F89 ] = "TIBETAN SIGN MCHU CAN", [ 0x0F8A ] = "TIBETAN SIGN GRU CAN RGYINGS", [ 0x0F8B ] = "TIBETAN SIGN GRU MED RGYINGS", [ 0x0F8C ] = "TIBETAN SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN", [ 0x0F8D ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN LCE TSA CAN", [ 0x0F8E ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN MCHU CAN", [ 0x0F8F ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN", [ 0x0F90 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KA", [ 0x0F91 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA", [ 0x0F92 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GA", [ 0x0F93 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GHA", [ 0x0F94 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA", [ 0x0F95 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CA", [ 0x0F96 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA", [ 0x0F97 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER JA", [ 0x0F99 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA", [ 0x0F9A ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTA", [ 0x0F9B ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTHA", [ 0x0F9C ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDA", [ 0x0F9D ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDHA", [ 0x0F9E ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NNA", [ 0x0F9F ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TA", [ 0x0FA0 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THA", [ 0x0FA1 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DA", [ 0x0FA2 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DHA", [ 0x0FA3 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA", [ 0x0FA4 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PA", [ 0x0FA5 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA", [ 0x0FA6 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BA", [ 0x0FA7 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BHA", [ 0x0FA8 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER MA", [ 0x0FA9 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA", [ 0x0FAA ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA", [ 0x0FAB ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA", [ 0x0FAC ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZHA", [ 0x0FAD ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER WA", [ 0x0FAE ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA", [ 0x0FAF ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA", [ 0x0FB0 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER -A", [ 0x0FB1 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA", [ 0x0FB2 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER RA", [ 0x0FB3 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER LA", [ 0x0FB4 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA", [ 0x0FB5 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SSA", [ 0x0FB6 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SA", [ 0x0FB7 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER HA", [ 0x0FB8 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER A", [ 0x0FB9 ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KSSA", [ 0x0FBA ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM WA", [ 0x0FBB ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM YA", [ 0x0FBC ] = "TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM RA", [ 0x0FBE ] = "TIBETAN KU RU KHA", [ 0x0FBF ] = "TIBETAN KU RU KHA BZHI MIG CAN", [ 0x0FC0 ] = "TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN HEAVY BEAT", [ 0x0FC1 ] = "TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN LIGHT BEAT", [ 0x0FC2 ] = "TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN CANG TE-U", [ 0x0FC3 ] = "TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN SBUB -CHAL", [ 0x0FC4 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL DRIL BU", [ 0x0FC5 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE", [ 0x0FC6 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL PADMA GDAN", [ 0x0FC7 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE RGYA GRAM", [ 0x0FC8 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL PHUR PA", [ 0x0FC9 ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU", [ 0x0FCA ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL", [ 0x0FCB ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU GSUM -KHYIL", [ 0x0FCC ] = "TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU BZHI -KHYIL", [ 0x0FCE ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG RDEL DKAR", [ 0x0FCF ] = "TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GSUM", [ 0x0FD0 ] = "TIBETAN MARK BSKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN", [ 0x0FD1 ] = "TIBETAN MARK MNYAM YIG GI MGO RGYAN", [ 0x0FD2 ] = "TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG", [ 0x0FD3 ] = "TIBETAN MARK INITIAL BRDA RNYING YIG MGO MDUN MA", [ 0x0FD4 ] = "TIBETAN MARK CLOSING BRDA RNYING YIG MGO SGAB MA", [ 0x0FD5 ] = "RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN", [ 0x0FD6 ] = "LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN", [ 0x0FD7 ] = "RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS", [ 0x0FD8 ] = "LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS", [ 0x0FD9 ] = "TIBETAN MARK LEADING MCHAN RTAGS", [ 0x0FDA ] = "TIBETAN MARK TRAILING MCHAN RTAGS", } pb5rc9uosxe1y0nhtp33qnos5h5vk9r 828 11139 84210 2022-05-19T08:18:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:LoadData Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Finds the next key key <= or >= the given i. -- operator is ±1 local function findItemRange(data, i, operator) local bestIndex = nil i = i * operator for k, v in pairs(data) do local kop = type(k) == 'number' and k * operator if kop and kop <= i and (bestIndex == nil or kop > bestIndex * operator) then bestIndex = k end end if bestIndex then return data[bestIndex] else return nil end end local function load(datamodule, frame) local args = frame.args local data = mw.loadData(datamodule) for i = 1, 20 do if args[i] then data = data[tonumber(args[i]) or args[i]] elseif args[i .. ' lteq'] then data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' lteq']), 1) elseif args[i .. ' gteq'] then data = findItemRange(data, tonumber(args[i .. ' gteq']), -1) else break end end if data == nil then return args['if_nil'] -- not a required argument, OK to return nil here. end if type(data) == 'table' then -- Put the table into another table because the return value of loadData -- is a "fake" table that only has certain metamethods. local realdata = {} for k, v in pairs(data) do realdata[k] = v end data = realdata else data = { data } end if args['template'] then return mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['template']):format(unpack(data)) elseif args['preprocess'] then return frame:preprocess(mw.text.unstripNoWiki(args['preprocess']):format(unpack(data))) else return table.concat(data) end end return setmetatable({}, { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) return load('Module:' .. k, frame) end end }) h8xxe6nggfeoforb3unrtmyifjwn6py 828 11140 84211 2022-05-19T08:19:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:LoadData/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|alpha}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> A more complex version of [[Module:Data]] with more options and the ability to select indexes with an inequality operator. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''Module name''|index1|2 lteq=index2 limit|...|}}</code> * Zeroth parameter is the name of the data module to read, without ''Module:'', e.g. <code>Example/data</code> * Next parameters, for an index {{var|N}} starting at one, are called {{para|{{var|N}}}} for the exact index you need, coerced to number if possible, {{para|{{var|N}} lteq}} to select the highest numerical index less than or equal to the argument, or {{para|{{var|N}} gteq}} for the opposite. * {{para|template}} is a ''printf''-style string to interpolate the resulting value(s) into, e.g. <code><nowiki><b>%s</b></nowiki></code>. * {{para|preprocess}} is like {{para|template}} except that <code>frame:preprocess</code> is run on it; this makes e.g. template transclusions work. * {{para|if nil}} is the string to return if the result is nil. Default is nil, which comes out as the empty string. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> nyqees7v6i326a1hg69u9cuxe6wki00 828 11141 84212 2022-05-19T08:20:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana scripts Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2022-03-02 return { ["Adlm"] = {"Adlam"}, ["Afak"] = {"Afaka"}, ["Aghb"] = {"Caucasian Albanian"}, ["Ahom"] = {"Ahom", "Tai Ahom"}, ["Arab"] = {"Arabic"}, ["Aran"] = {"Arabic (Nastaliq variant)"}, ["Armi"] = {"Imperial Aramaic"}, ["Armn"] = {"Armenian"}, ["Avst"] = {"Avestan"}, ["Bali"] = {"Balinese"}, ["Bamu"] = {"Bamum"}, ["Bass"] = {"Bassa Vah"}, ["Batk"] = {"Batak"}, ["Beng"] = {"Bengali", "Bangla"}, ["Bhks"] = {"Bhaiksuki"}, ["Blis"] = {"Blissymbols"}, ["Bopo"] = {"Bopomofo"}, ["Brah"] = {"Brahmi"}, ["Brai"] = {"Braille"}, ["Bugi"] = {"Buginese"}, ["Buhd"] = {"Buhid"}, ["Cakm"] = {"Chakma"}, ["Cans"] = {"Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"}, ["Cari"] = {"Carian"}, ["Cham"] = {"Cham"}, ["Cher"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["Chrs"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["Cirt"] = {"Cirth"}, ["Copt"] = {"Coptic"}, ["Cpmn"] = {"Cypro-Minoan"}, ["Cprt"] = {"Cypriot syllabary"}, ["Cyrl"] = {"Cyrillic"}, ["Cyrs"] = {"Cyrillic (Old Church Slavonic variant)"}, ["Deva"] = {"Devanagari", "Nagari"}, ["Diak"] = {"Dives Akuru"}, ["Dogr"] = {"Dogra"}, ["Dsrt"] = {"Deseret", "Mormon"}, ["Dupl"] = {"Duployan shorthand", "Duployan stenography"}, ["Egyd"] = {"Egyptian demotic"}, ["Egyh"] = {"Egyptian hieratic"}, ["Egyp"] = {"Egyptian hieroglyphs"}, ["Elba"] = {"Elbasan"}, ["Elym"] = {"Elymaic"}, ["Ethi"] = {"Ethiopic", "Geʻez", "Ge'ez"}, ["Geok"] = {"Khutsuri (Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri)"}, ["Geor"] = {"Georgian (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli)"}, ["Glag"] = {"Glagolitic"}, ["Gong"] = {"Gunjala Gondi"}, ["Gonm"] = {"Masaram Gondi"}, ["Goth"] = {"Gothic"}, ["Gran"] = {"Grantha"}, ["Grek"] = {"Greek"}, ["Gujr"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["Guru"] = {"Gurmukhi"}, ["Hanb"] = {"Han with Bopomofo (alias for Han + Bopomofo)"}, ["Hang"] = {"Hangul", "Hangŭl", "Hangeul"}, ["Hani"] = {"Han", "Hanzi", "Kanji", "Hanja"}, ["Hano"] = {"Hanunoo", "Hanunóo"}, ["Hans"] = {"Han (Simplified variant)"}, ["Hant"] = {"Han (Traditional variant)"}, ["Hatr"] = {"Hatran"}, ["Hebr"] = {"Hebrew"}, ["Hira"] = {"Hiragana"}, ["Hluw"] = {"Anatolian Hieroglyphs", "Luwian Hieroglyphs", "Hittite Hieroglyphs"}, ["Hmng"] = {"Pahawh Hmong"}, ["Hmnp"] = {"Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong"}, ["Hrkt"] = {"Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)"}, ["Hung"] = {"Old Hungarian", "Hungarian Runic"}, ["Inds"] = {"Indus", "Harappan"}, ["Ital"] = {"Old Italic (Etruscan, Oscan, etc.)"}, ["Jamo"] = {"Jamo (alias for Jamo subset of Hangul)"}, ["Java"] = {"Javanese"}, ["Jpan"] = {"Japanese (alias for Han + Hiragana + Katakana)"}, ["Jurc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["Kali"] = {"Kayah Li"}, ["Kana"] = {"Katakana"}, ["Kawi"] = {"Kawi"}, ["Khar"] = {"Kharoshthi"}, ["Khmr"] = {"Khmer"}, ["Khoj"] = {"Khojki"}, ["Kitl"] = {"Khitan large script"}, ["Kits"] = {"Khitan small script"}, ["Knda"] = {"Kannada"}, ["Kore"] = {"Korean (alias for Hangul + Han)"}, ["Kpel"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["Kthi"] = {"Kaithi"}, ["Lana"] = {"Tai Tham", "Lanna"}, ["Laoo"] = {"Lao"}, ["Latf"] = {"Latin (Fraktur variant)"}, ["Latg"] = {"Latin (Gaelic variant)"}, ["Latn"] = {"Latin"}, ["Leke"] = {"Leke"}, ["Lepc"] = {"Lepcha", "Róng"}, ["Limb"] = {"Limbu"}, ["Lina"] = {"Linear A"}, ["Linb"] = {"Linear B"}, ["Lisu"] = {"Lisu", "Fraser"}, ["Loma"] = {"Loma"}, ["Lyci"] = {"Lycian"}, ["Lydi"] = {"Lydian"}, ["Mahj"] = {"Mahajani"}, ["Maka"] = {"Makasar"}, ["Mand"] = {"Mandaic", "Mandaean"}, ["Mani"] = {"Manichaean"}, ["Marc"] = {"Marchen"}, ["Maya"] = {"Mayan hieroglyphs"}, ["Medf"] = {"Medefaidrin", "Oberi Okaime", "Oberi Ɔkaimɛ"}, ["Mend"] = {"Mende Kikakui"}, ["Merc"] = {"Meroitic Cursive"}, ["Mero"] = {"Meroitic Hieroglyphs"}, ["Mlym"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["Modi"] = {"Modi", "Moḍī"}, ["Mong"] = {"Mongolian"}, ["Moon"] = {"Moon", "Moon code", "Moon script", "Moon type"}, ["Mroo"] = {"Mro", "Mru"}, ["Mtei"] = {"Meitei Mayek", "Meithei", "Meetei"}, ["Mult"] = {"Multani"}, ["Mymr"] = {"Myanmar", "Burmese"}, ["Nagm"] = {"Nag Mundari"}, ["Nand"] = {"Nandinagari"}, ["Narb"] = {"Old North Arabian", "Ancient North Arabian"}, ["Nbat"] = {"Nabataean"}, ["Newa"] = {"Newa", "Newar", "Newari", "Nepāla lipi"}, ["Nkdb"] = {"Naxi Dongba", "na²¹ɕi³³ to³³ba²¹", "Nakhi Tomba"}, ["Nkgb"] = {"Naxi Geba", "na²¹ɕi³³ gʌ²¹ba²¹", "'Na-'Khi ²Ggŏ-¹baw", "Nakhi Geba"}, ["Nkoo"] = {"N’Ko", "N'Ko"}, ["Nshu"] = {"Nüshu"}, ["Ogam"] = {"Ogham"}, ["Olck"] = {"Ol Chiki", "Ol Cemet'", "Ol", "Santali"}, ["Orkh"] = {"Old Turkic", "Orkhon Runic"}, ["Orya"] = {"Oriya", "Odia"}, ["Osge"] = {"Osage"}, ["Osma"] = {"Osmanya"}, ["Ougr"] = {"Old Uyghur"}, ["Palm"] = {"Palmyrene"}, ["Pauc"] = {"Pau Cin Hau"}, ["Pcun"] = {"Proto-Cuneiform"}, ["Pelm"] = {"Proto-Elamite"}, ["Perm"] = {"Old Permic"}, ["Phag"] = {"Phags-pa"}, ["Phli"] = {"Inscriptional Pahlavi"}, ["Phlp"] = {"Psalter Pahlavi"}, ["Phlv"] = {"Book Pahlavi"}, ["Phnx"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["Piqd"] = {"Klingon (KLI pIqaD)"}, ["Plrd"] = {"Miao", "Pollard"}, ["Prti"] = {"Inscriptional Parthian"}, ["Psin"] = {"Proto-Sinaitic"}, ["Ranj"] = {"Ranjana"}, ["Rjng"] = {"Rejang", "Redjang", "Kaganga"}, ["Rohg"] = {"Hanifi Rohingya"}, ["Roro"] = {"Rongorongo"}, ["Runr"] = {"Runic"}, ["Samr"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["Sara"] = {"Sarati"}, ["Sarb"] = {"Old South Arabian"}, ["Saur"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["Sgnw"] = {"SignWriting"}, ["Shaw"] = {"Shavian", "Shaw"}, ["Shrd"] = {"Sharada", "Śāradā"}, ["Shui"] = {"Shuishu"}, ["Sidd"] = {"Siddham", "Siddhaṃ", "Siddhamātṛkā"}, ["Sind"] = {"Khudawadi", "Sindhi"}, ["Sinh"] = {"Sinhala"}, ["Sogd"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["Sogo"] = {"Old Sogdian"}, ["Sora"] = {"Sora Sompeng"}, ["Soyo"] = {"Soyombo"}, ["Sund"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["Sunu"] = {"Sunuwar"}, ["Sylo"] = {"Syloti Nagri"}, ["Syrc"] = {"Syriac"}, ["Syre"] = {"Syriac (Estrangelo variant)"}, ["Syrj"] = {"Syriac (Western variant)"}, ["Syrn"] = {"Syriac (Eastern variant)"}, ["Tagb"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["Takr"] = {"Takri", "Ṭākrī", "Ṭāṅkrī"}, ["Tale"] = {"Tai Le"}, ["Talu"] = {"New Tai Lue"}, ["Taml"] = {"Tamil"}, ["Tang"] = {"Tangut"}, ["Tavt"] = {"Tai Viet"}, ["Telu"] = {"Telugu"}, ["Teng"] = {"Tengwar"}, ["Tfng"] = {"Tifinagh", "Berber"}, ["Tglg"] = {"Tagalog", "Baybayin", "Alibata"}, ["Thaa"] = {"Thaana"}, ["Thai"] = {"Thai"}, ["Tibt"] = {"Tibetan"}, ["Tirh"] = {"Tirhuta"}, ["Tnsa"] = {"Tangsa"}, ["Toto"] = {"Toto"}, ["Ugar"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["Vaii"] = {"Vai"}, ["Visp"] = {"Visible Speech"}, ["Vith"] = {"Vithkuqi"}, ["Wara"] = {"Warang Citi", "Varang Kshiti"}, ["Wcho"] = {"Wancho"}, ["Wole"] = {"Woleai"}, ["Xpeo"] = {"Old Persian"}, ["Xsux"] = {"Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform"}, ["Yezi"] = {"Yezidi"}, ["Yiii"] = {"Yi"}, ["Zanb"] = {"Zanabazar Square", "Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg", "Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig", "Horizontal Square Script"}, ["Zinh"] = {"Code for inherited script"}, ["Zmth"] = {"Mathematical notation"}, ["Zsye"] = {"Symbols (Emoji variant)"}, ["Zsym"] = {"Symbols"}, ["Zxxx"] = {"Code for unwritten documents"}, ["Zyyy"] = {"Code for undetermined script"}, ["Zzzz"] = {"Code for uncoded script"} } c2tzwyywjd9wdj486idbwqkojq0zmcp 828 11142 84213 2022-05-19T08:20:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana scripts/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of an IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. The table in this module was created using the awb script at [[User:Trappist_the_monk/IANA_subtag_registry_file_update|IANA subtag registry file update]] or by [[Module:Language/data/iana languages/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run one of the tools on a new data file). The data in this table come from records that are not 'Deprecated', do not have a 'Preferred-Value', and are not 'Private use'. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 4n7epawfijhtzhng7vvyhyxyua9fiz1 828 11143 84214 2022-05-19T08:21:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Numcr2namecr Scribunto text/plain return { [9]='&amp;Tab;', [33]='&amp;excl;', [34]='&amp;quot;, &amp;QUOT;', [35]='&amp;num;', [36]='&amp;dollar;', [37]='&amp;percnt;', [38]='&amp;amp;, &amp;AMP;', [39]='&amp;apos;', [40]='&amp;lpar;', [41]='&amp;rpar;', [42]='&amp;ast;, &amp;midast;', [43]='&amp;plus;', [44]='&amp;comma;', [46]='&amp;period;', [47]='&amp;sol;', [58]='&amp;colon;', [59]='&amp;semi;', [60]='&amp;lt;, &amp;LT;', [61]='&amp;equals;', [62]='&amp;gt;, &amp;GT;', [63]='&amp;quest;', [64]='&amp;commat;', [91]='&amp;lbrack;, &amp;lsqb;', [92]='&amp;bsol;', [93]='&amp;rbrack;, &amp;rsqb;', [94]='&amp;Hat;', [95]='&amp;lowbar;, &amp;UnderBar;', [96]='&amp;DiacriticalGrave;, &amp;grave;', [123]='&amp;lbrace;, &amp;lcub;', [124]='&amp;verbar;, &amp;vert;, &amp;VerticalLine;', [125]='&amp;rbrace;, &amp;rcub;', [160]='&amp;nbsp;, &amp;NonBreakingSpace;', [161]='&amp;iexcl;', [162]='&amp;cent;', [163]='&amp;pound;', [164]='&amp;curren;', [165]='&amp;yen;', [166]='&amp;brvbar;', [167]='&amp;sect;', [168]='&amp;uml;, &amp;die;, &amp;Dot;, &amp;DoubleDot;', [169]='&amp;copy;, &amp;COPY;', [170]='&amp;ordf;', [171]='&amp;laquo;', [172]='&amp;not;', [173]='&amp;shy;', [174]='&amp;reg;, &amp;REG;, &amp;circledR;', [175]='&amp;macr;, &amp;strns;', [176]='&amp;deg;', [177]='&amp;plusmn;, &amp;PlusMinus;, &amp;pm;', [178]='&amp;sup2;', [179]='&amp;sup3;', [180]='&amp;acute;, &amp;DiacriticalAcute;', [181]='&amp;micro;', [182]='&amp;para;', [183]='&amp;middot;, &amp;CenterDot;, &amp;centerdot;', [184]='&amp;cedil;, &amp;Cedilla;', [185]='&amp;sup1;', [186]='&amp;ordm;', [187]='&amp;raquo;', [188]='&amp;frac14;', [189]='&amp;frac12;, &amp;half;', [190]='&amp;frac34;', [191]='&amp;iquest;', [192]='&amp;Agrave;', [193]='&amp;Aacute;', [194]='&amp;Acirc;', [195]='&amp;Atilde;', [196]='&amp;Auml;', [197]='&amp;Aring;, &amp;angst;', [198]='&amp;AElig;', [199]='&amp;Ccedil;', [200]='&amp;Egrave;', [201]='&amp;Eacute;', [202]='&amp;Ecirc;', [203]='&amp;Euml;', [204]='&amp;Igrave;', [205]='&amp;Iacute;', [206]='&amp;Icirc;', [207]='&amp;Iuml;', [208]='&amp;ETH;', [209]='&amp;Ntilde;', [210]='&amp;Ograve;', [211]='&amp;Oacute;', [212]='&amp;Ocirc;', [213]='&amp;Otilde;', [214]='&amp;Ouml;', [215]='&amp;times;', [216]='&amp;Oslash;', [217]='&amp;Ugrave;', [218]='&amp;Uacute;', [219]='&amp;Ucirc;', [220]='&amp;Uuml;', [221]='&amp;Yacute;', [222]='&amp;THORN;', [223]='&amp;szlig;', [224]='&amp;agrave;', [225]='&amp;aacute;', [226]='&amp;acirc;', [227]='&amp;atilde;', [228]='&amp;auml;', [229]='&amp;aring;', [230]='&amp;aelig;', [231]='&amp;ccedil;', [232]='&amp;egrave;', [233]='&amp;eacute;', [234]='&amp;ecirc;', [235]='&amp;euml;', [236]='&amp;igrave;', [237]='&amp;iacute;', [238]='&amp;icirc;', [239]='&amp;iuml;', [240]='&amp;eth;', [241]='&amp;ntilde;', [242]='&amp;ograve;', [243]='&amp;oacute;', [244]='&amp;ocirc;', [245]='&amp;otilde;', [246]='&amp;ouml;', [247]='&amp;divide;, &amp;div;', [248]='&amp;oslash;', [249]='&amp;ugrave;', [250]='&amp;uacute;', [251]='&amp;ucirc;', [252]='&amp;uuml;', [253]='&amp;yacute;', [254]='&amp;thorn;', [255]='&amp;yuml;', [256]='&amp;Amacr;', [257]='&amp;amacr;', [258]='&amp;Abreve;', [259]='&amp;abreve;', [260]='&amp;Aogon;', [261]='&amp;aogon;', [262]='&amp;Cacute;', [263]='&amp;cacute;', [264]='&amp;Ccirc;', [265]='&amp;ccirc;', [266]='&amp;Cdot;', [267]='&amp;cdot;', [268]='&amp;Ccaron;', [269]='&amp;ccaron;', [270]='&amp;Dcaron;', [271]='&amp;dcaron;', [272]='&amp;Dstrok;', [273]='&amp;dstrok;', [274]='&amp;Emacr;', [275]='&amp;emacr;', [278]='&amp;Edot;', [279]='&amp;edot;', [280]='&amp;Eogon;', [281]='&amp;eogon;', [282]='&amp;Ecaron;', [283]='&amp;ecaron;', [284]='&amp;Gcirc;', [285]='&amp;gcirc;', [286]='&amp;Gbreve;', [287]='&amp;gbreve;', [288]='&amp;Gdot;', [289]='&amp;gdot;', [290]='&amp;Gcedil;', [292]='&amp;Hcirc;', [293]='&amp;hcirc;', [294]='&amp;Hstrok;', [295]='&amp;hstrok;', [296]='&amp;Itilde;', [297]='&amp;itilde;', [298]='&amp;Imacr;', [299]='&amp;imacr;', [302]='&amp;Iogon;', [303]='&amp;iogon;', [304]='&amp;Idot;', [305]='&amp;imath;, &amp;inodot;', [306]='&amp;IJlig;', [307]='&amp;ijlig;', [308]='&amp;Jcirc;', [309]='&amp;jcirc;', [310]='&amp;Kcedil;', [311]='&amp;kcedil;', [312]='&amp;kgreen;', [313]='&amp;Lacute;', [314]='&amp;lacute;', [315]='&amp;Lcedil;', [316]='&amp;lcedil;', [317]='&amp;Lcaron;', [318]='&amp;lcaron;', [319]='&amp;Lmidot;', [320]='&amp;lmidot;', [321]='&amp;Lstrok;', [322]='&amp;lstrok;', [323]='&amp;Nacute;', [324]='&amp;nacute;', [325]='&amp;Ncedil;', [326]='&amp;ncedil;', [327]='&amp;Ncaron;', [328]='&amp;ncaron;', [329]='&amp;napos;', [330]='&amp;ENG;', [331]='&amp;eng;', [332]='&amp;Omacr;', [333]='&amp;omacr;', [336]='&amp;Odblac;', [337]='&amp;odblac;', [338]='&amp;OElig;', [339]='&amp;oelig;', [340]='&amp;Racute;', [341]='&amp;racute;', [342]='&amp;Rcedil;', [343]='&amp;rcedil;', [344]='&amp;Rcaron;', [345]='&amp;rcaron;', [346]='&amp;Sacute;', [347]='&amp;sacute;', [348]='&amp;Scirc;', [349]='&amp;scirc;', [350]='&amp;Scedil;', [351]='&amp;scedil;', [352]='&amp;Scaron;', [353]='&amp;scaron;', [354]='&amp;Tcedil;', [355]='&amp;tcedil;', [356]='&amp;Tcaron;', [357]='&amp;tcaron;', [358]='&amp;Tstrok;', [359]='&amp;tstrok;', [360]='&amp;Utilde;', [361]='&amp;utilde;', [362]='&amp;Umacr;', [363]='&amp;umacr;', [364]='&amp;Ubreve;', [365]='&amp;ubreve;', [366]='&amp;Uring;', [367]='&amp;uring;', [368]='&amp;Udblac;', [369]='&amp;udblac;', [370]='&amp;Uogon;', [371]='&amp;uogon;', [372]='&amp;Wcirc;', [373]='&amp;wcirc;', [374]='&amp;Ycirc;', [375]='&amp;ycirc;', [376]='&amp;Yuml;', [377]='&amp;Zacute;', [378]='&amp;zacute;', [379]='&amp;Zdot;', [380]='&amp;zdot;', [381]='&amp;Zcaron;', [382]='&amp;zcaron;', [402]='&amp;fnof;', [437]='&amp;imped;', [501]='&amp;gacute;', [567]='&amp;jmath;', [710]='&amp;circ;', [711]='&amp;caron;, &amp;Hacek;', [728]='&amp;Breve;, &amp;breve;', [729]='&amp;DiacriticalDot;, &amp;dot;', [730]='&amp;ring;', [731]='&amp;ogon;', [732]='&amp;DiacriticalTilde;, &amp;tilde;', [733]='&amp;dblac;, &amp;DiacriticalDoubleAcute;', [785]='&amp;DownBreve;', [913]='&amp;Alpha;', [914]='&amp;Beta;', [915]='&amp;Gamma;', [916]='&amp;Delta;', [917]='&amp;Epsilon;', [918]='&amp;Zeta;', [919]='&amp;Eta;', [920]='&amp;Theta;', [921]='&amp;Iota;', [922]='&amp;Kappa;', [923]='&amp;Lambda;', [924]='&amp;Mu;', [925]='&amp;Nu;', [926]='&amp;Xi;', [927]='&amp;Omicron;', [928]='&amp;Pi;', [929]='&amp;Rho;', [931]='&amp;Sigma;', [932]='&amp;Tau;', [933]='&amp;Upsilon;', [934]='&amp;Phi;', [935]='&amp;Chi;', [936]='&amp;Psi;', [937]='&amp;ohm;, &amp;Omega;', [945]='&amp;alpha;', [946]='&amp;beta;', [947]='&amp;gamma;', [948]='&amp;delta;', [949]='&amp;epsi;, &amp;epsilon;', [950]='&amp;zeta;', [951]='&amp;eta;', [952]='&amp;theta;', [953]='&amp;iota;', [954]='&amp;kappa;', [955]='&amp;lambda;', [956]='&amp;mu;', [957]='&amp;nu;', [958]='&amp;xi;', [959]='&amp;omicron;', [960]='&amp;pi;', [961]='&amp;rho;', [962]='&amp;sigmaf;, &amp;sigmav;, &amp;varsigma;', [963]='&amp;sigma;', [964]='&amp;tau;', [965]='&amp;upsi;, &amp;upsilon;', [966]='&amp;phi;', [967]='&amp;chi;', [968]='&amp;psi;', [969]='&amp;omega;', [977]='&amp;thetasym;, &amp;thetav;, &amp;vartheta;', [978]='&amp;Upsi;, &amp;upsih;', [981]='&amp;phiv;, &amp;straightphi;, &amp;varphi;', [982]='&amp;piv;, &amp;varpi;', [988]='&amp;Gammad;', [989]='&amp;digamma;, &amp;gammad;', [1008]='&amp;kappav;, &amp;varkappa;', [1009]='&amp;rhov;, &amp;varrho;', [1013]='&amp;epsiv;, &amp;straightepsilon;, &amp;varepsilon;', [1014]='&amp;backepsilon;, &amp;bepsi;', [1025]='&amp;IOcy;', [1026]='&amp;DJcy;', [1027]='&amp;GJcy;', [1028]='&amp;Jukcy;', [1029]='&amp;DScy;', [1030]='&amp;Iukcy;', [1031]='&amp;YIcy;', [1032]='&amp;Jsercy;', [1033]='&amp;LJcy;', [1034]='&amp;NJcy;', [1035]='&amp;TSHcy;', [1036]='&amp;KJcy;', [1038]='&amp;Ubrcy;', [1039]='&amp;DZcy;', [1040]='&amp;Acy;', [1041]='&amp;Bcy;', [1042]='&amp;Vcy;', [1043]='&amp;Gcy;', [1044]='&amp;Dcy;', [1045]='&amp;IEcy;', [1046]='&amp;ZHcy;', [1047]='&amp;Zcy;', [1048]='&amp;Icy;', [1049]='&amp;Jcy;', [1050]='&amp;Kcy;', [1051]='&amp;Lcy;', [1052]='&amp;Mcy;', [1053]='&amp;Ncy;', [1054]='&amp;Ocy;', [1055]='&amp;Pcy;', [1056]='&amp;Rcy;', [1057]='&amp;Scy;', [1058]='&amp;Tcy;', [1059]='&amp;Ucy;', [1060]='&amp;Fcy;', [1061]='&amp;KHcy;', [1062]='&amp;TScy;', [1063]='&amp;CHcy;', [1064]='&amp;SHcy;', [1065]='&amp;SHCHcy;', [1066]='&amp;HARDcy;', [1067]='&amp;Ycy;', [1068]='&amp;SOFTcy;', [1069]='&amp;Ecy;', [1070]='&amp;YUcy;', [1071]='&amp;YAcy;', [1072]='&amp;acy;', [1073]='&amp;bcy;', [1074]='&amp;vcy;', [1075]='&amp;gcy;', [1076]='&amp;dcy;', [1077]='&amp;iecy;', [1078]='&amp;zhcy;', [1079]='&amp;zcy;', [1080]='&amp;icy;', [1081]='&amp;jcy;', [1082]='&amp;kcy;', [1083]='&amp;lcy;', [1084]='&amp;mcy;', [1085]='&amp;ncy;', [1086]='&amp;ocy;', [1087]='&amp;pcy;', [1088]='&amp;rcy;', [1089]='&amp;scy;', [1090]='&amp;tcy;', [1091]='&amp;ucy;', [1092]='&amp;fcy;', [1093]='&amp;khcy;', [1094]='&amp;tscy;', [1095]='&amp;chcy;', [1096]='&amp;shcy;', [1097]='&amp;shchcy;', [1098]='&amp;hardcy;', [1099]='&amp;ycy;', [1100]='&amp;softcy;', [1101]='&amp;ecy;', [1102]='&amp;yucy;', [1103]='&amp;yacy;', [1105]='&amp;iocy;', [1106]='&amp;djcy;', [1107]='&amp;gjcy;', [1108]='&amp;jukcy;', [1109]='&amp;dscy;', [1110]='&amp;iukcy;', [1111]='&amp;yicy;', [1112]='&amp;jsercy;', [1113]='&amp;ljcy;', [1114]='&amp;njcy;', [1115]='&amp;tshcy;', [1116]='&amp;kjcy;', [1118]='&amp;ubrcy;', [1119]='&amp;dzcy;', [8194]='&amp;ensp;', [8195]='&amp;emsp;', [8196]='&amp;emsp13;', [8197]='&amp;emsp14;', [8199]='&amp;numsp;', [8200]='&amp;puncsp;', [8201]='&amp;thinsp;, &amp;ThinSpace;', [8202]='&amp;hairsp;, &amp;VeryThinSpace;', [8203]='&amp;NegativeMediumSpace;, &amp;NegativeThickSpace;, &amp;NegativeThinSpace;, &amp;NegativeVeryThinSpace;, &amp;ZeroWidthSpace;', [8204]='&amp;zwnj;', [8205]='&amp;zwj;', [8206]='&amp;lrm;', [8207]='&amp;rlm;', [8208]='&amp;dash;, &amp;hyphen;', [8211]='&amp;ndash;', [8212]='&amp;mdash;', [8213]='&amp;horbar;', [8214]='&amp;Verbar;, &amp;Vert;', [8216]='&amp;lsquo;, &amp;OpenCurlyQuote;', [8217]='&amp;CloseCurlyQuote;, &amp;rsquo;, &amp;rsquor;', [8218]='&amp;lsquor;, &amp;sbquo;', [8220]='&amp;ldquo;, &amp;OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;', [8221]='&amp;CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;, &amp;rdquo;, &amp;rdquor;', [8222]='&amp;bdquo;, &amp;ldquor;', [8224]='&amp;dagger;', [8225]='&amp;Dagger;, &amp;ddagger;', [8226]='&amp;bull;, &amp;bullet;', [8229]='&amp;nldr;', [8230]='&amp;hellip;, &amp;mldr;', [8240]='&amp;permil;', [8241]='&amp;pertenk;', [8242]='&amp;prime;', [8243]='&amp;Prime;', [8244]='&amp;tprime;', [8245]='&amp;backprime;, &amp;bprime;', [8249]='&amp;lsaquo;', [8250]='&amp;rsaquo;', [8254]='&amp;oline;, &amp;OverBar;', [8257]='&amp;caret;', [8259]='&amp;hybull;', [8260]='&amp;frasl;', [8271]='&amp;bsemi;', [8279]='&amp;qprime;', [8287]='&amp;MediumSpace;', [8288]='&amp;NoBreak;', [8289]='&amp;af;, &amp;ApplyFunction;', [8290]='&amp;InvisibleTimes;, &amp;it;', [8291]='&amp;ic;, &amp;InvisibleComma;', [8364]='&amp;euro;', [8411]='&amp;tdot;, &amp;TripleDot;', [8412]='&amp;DotDot;', [8450]='&amp;complexes;, &amp;Copf;', [8453]='&amp;incare;', [8458]='&amp;gscr;', [8459]='&amp;hamilt;, &amp;HilbertSpace;, &amp;Hscr;', [8460]='&amp;Hfr;, &amp;Poincareplane;', [8461]='&amp;Hopf;, &amp;quaternions;', [8462]='&amp;planckh;', [8463]='&amp;hbar;, &amp;hslash;, &amp;planck;, &amp;plankv;', [8464]='&amp;imagline;, &amp;Iscr;', [8465]='&amp;Ifr;, &amp;Im;, &amp;image;, &amp;imagpart;', [8466]='&amp;lagran;, &amp;Laplacetrf;, &amp;Lscr;', [8467]='&amp;ell;', [8469]='&amp;naturals;, &amp;Nopf;', [8470]='&amp;numero;', [8471]='&amp;copysr;', [8472]='&amp;weierp;, &amp;wp;', [8473]='&amp;Popf;, &amp;primes;', [8474]='&amp;Qopf;, &amp;rationals;', [8475]='&amp;realine;, &amp;Rscr;', [8476]='&amp;Re;, &amp;real;, &amp;realpart;, &amp;Rfr;', [8477]='&amp;reals;, &amp;Ropf;', [8478]='&amp;rx;', [8482]='&amp;TRADE;, &amp;trade;', [8484]='&amp;integers;, &amp;Zopf;', [8487]='&amp;mho;', [8488]='&amp;zeetrf;, &amp;Zfr;', [8489]='&amp;iiota;', [8492]='&amp;bernou;, &amp;Bernoullis;, &amp;Bscr;', [8493]='&amp;Cayleys;, &amp;Cfr;', [8495]='&amp;escr;', [8496]='&amp;Escr;, &amp;expectation;', [8497]='&amp;Fouriertrf;, &amp;Fscr;', [8499]='&amp;Mellintrf;, &amp;Mscr;, &amp;phmmat;', [8500]='&amp;order;, &amp;orderof;, &amp;oscr;', [8501]='&amp;alefsym;, &amp;aleph;', [8502]='&amp;beth;', [8503]='&amp;gimel;', [8504]='&amp;daleth;', [8517]='&amp;CapitalDifferentialD;, &amp;DD;', [8518]='&amp;dd;, &amp;DifferentialD;', [8519]='&amp;ee;, &amp;ExponentialE;, &amp;exponentiale;', [8520]='&amp;ii;, &amp;ImaginaryI;', [8531]='&amp;frac13;', [8532]='&amp;frac23;', [8533]='&amp;frac15;', [8534]='&amp;frac25;', [8535]='&amp;frac35;', [8536]='&amp;frac45;', [8537]='&amp;frac16;', [8538]='&amp;frac56;', [8539]='&amp;frac18;', [8540]='&amp;frac38;', [8541]='&amp;frac58;', [8542]='&amp;frac78;', [8592]='&amp;larr;, &amp;LeftArrow;, &amp;leftarrow;, &amp;ShortLeftArrow;, &amp;slarr;', [8593]='&amp;ShortUpArrow;, &amp;uarr;, &amp;UpArrow;, &amp;uparrow;', [8594]='&amp;rarr;, &amp;RightArrow;, &amp;rightarrow;, &amp;ShortRightArrow;, &amp;srarr;', [8595]='&amp;darr;, &amp;DownArrow;, &amp;downarrow;, &amp;ShortDownArrow;', [8596]='&amp;harr;, &amp;LeftRightArrow;, &amp;leftrightarrow;', [8597]='&amp;UpDownArrow;, &amp;updownarrow;, &amp;varr;', [8598]='&amp;nwarr;, &amp;nwarrow;, &amp;UpperLeftArrow;', [8599]='&amp;nearr;, &amp;nearrow;, &amp;UpperRightArrow;', [8600]='&amp;LowerRightArrow;, &amp;searr;, &amp;searrow;', [8601]='&amp;LowerLeftArrow;, &amp;swarr;, &amp;swarrow;', [8602]='&amp;nlarr;, &amp;nleftarrow;', [8603]='&amp;nrarr;, &amp;nrightarrow;', [8605]='&amp;rarrw;, &amp;rightsquigarrow;', [8606]='&amp;Larr;, &amp;twoheadleftarrow;', [8607]='&amp;Uarr;', [8608]='&amp;Rarr;, &amp;twoheadrightarrow;', [8609]='&amp;Darr;', [8610]='&amp;larrtl;, &amp;leftarrowtail;', [8611]='&amp;rarrtl;, &amp;rightarrowtail;', [8612]='&amp;LeftTeeArrow;, &amp;mapstoleft;', [8613]='&amp;mapstoup;, &amp;UpTeeArrow;', [8614]='&amp;map;, &amp;mapsto;, &amp;RightTeeArrow;', [8615]='&amp;DownTeeArrow;, &amp;mapstodown;', [8617]='&amp;hookleftarrow;, &amp;larrhk;', [8618]='&amp;hookrightarrow;, &amp;rarrhk;', [8619]='&amp;larrlp;, &amp;looparrowleft;', [8620]='&amp;looparrowright;, &amp;rarrlp;', [8621]='&amp;harrw;, &amp;leftrightsquigarrow;', [8622]='&amp;nharr;, &amp;nleftrightarrow;', [8624]='&amp;Lsh;, &amp;lsh;', [8625]='&amp;Rsh;, &amp;rsh;', [8626]='&amp;ldsh;', [8627]='&amp;rdsh;', [8629]='&amp;crarr;', [8630]='&amp;cularr;, &amp;curvearrowleft;', [8631]='&amp;curarr;, &amp;curvearrowright;', [8634]='&amp;circlearrowleft;, &amp;olarr;', [8635]='&amp;circlearrowright;, &amp;orarr;', [8636]='&amp;leftharpoonup;, &amp;LeftVector;, &amp;lharu;', [8637]='&amp;DownLeftVector;, &amp;leftharpoondown;, &amp;lhard;', [8638]='&amp;RightUpVector;, &amp;uharr;, &amp;upharpoonright;', [8639]='&amp;LeftUpVector;, &amp;uharl;, &amp;upharpoonleft;', [8640]='&amp;rharu;, &amp;rightharpoonup;, &amp;RightVector;', [8641]='&amp;DownRightVector;, &amp;rhard;, &amp;rightharpoondown;', [8642]='&amp;dharr;, &amp;downharpoonright;, &amp;RightDownVector;', [8643]='&amp;dharl;, &amp;downharpoonleft;, &amp;LeftDownVector;', [8644]='&amp;RightArrowLeftArrow;, &amp;rightleftarrows;, &amp;rlarr;', [8645]='&amp;udarr;, &amp;UpArrowDownArrow;', [8646]='&amp;LeftArrowRightArrow;, &amp;leftrightarrows;, &amp;lrarr;', [8647]='&amp;leftleftarrows;, &amp;llarr;', [8648]='&amp;upuparrows;, &amp;uuarr;', [8649]='&amp;rightrightarrows;, &amp;rrarr;', [8650]='&amp;ddarr;, &amp;downdownarrows;', [8651]='&amp;leftrightharpoons;, &amp;lrhar;, &amp;ReverseEquilibrium;', [8652]='&amp;Equilibrium;, &amp;rightleftharpoons;, &amp;rlhar;', [8653]='&amp;nlArr;, &amp;nLeftarrow;', [8654]='&amp;nhArr;, &amp;nLeftrightarrow;', [8655]='&amp;nrArr;, &amp;nRightarrow;', [8656]='&amp;DoubleLeftArrow;, &amp;lArr;, &amp;Leftarrow;', [8657]='&amp;DoubleUpArrow;, &amp;uArr;, &amp;Uparrow;', [8658]='&amp;DoubleRightArrow;, &amp;Implies;, &amp;rArr;, &amp;Rightarrow;', [8659]='&amp;dArr;, &amp;DoubleDownArrow;, &amp;Downarrow;', [8660]='&amp;DoubleLeftRightArrow;, &amp;hArr;, &amp;iff;, &amp;Leftrightarrow;', [8661]='&amp;DoubleUpDownArrow;, &amp;Updownarrow;, &amp;vArr;', [8662]='&amp;nwArr;', [8663]='&amp;neArr;', [8664]='&amp;seArr;', [8665]='&amp;swArr;', [8666]='&amp;lAarr;, &amp;Lleftarrow;', [8667]='&amp;rAarr;, &amp;Rrightarrow;', [8669]='&amp;zigrarr;', [8676]='&amp;larrb;, &amp;LeftArrowBar;', [8677]='&amp;rarrb;, &amp;RightArrowBar;', [8693]='&amp;DownArrowUpArrow;, &amp;duarr;', [8701]='&amp;loarr;', [8702]='&amp;roarr;', [8703]='&amp;hoarr;', [8704]='&amp;ForAll;, &amp;forall;', [8705]='&amp;comp;, &amp;complement;', [8706]='&amp;part;, &amp;PartialD;', [8707]='&amp;exist;, &amp;Exists;', [8708]='&amp;nexist;, &amp;nexists;, &amp;NotExists;', [8709]='&amp;empty;, &amp;emptyset;, &amp;emptyv;, &amp;varnothing;', [8711]='&amp;Del;, &amp;nabla;', [8712]='&amp;Element;, &amp;in;, &amp;isin;, &amp;isinv;', [8713]='&amp;NotElement;, &amp;notin;, &amp;notinva;', [8715]='&amp;ni;, &amp;niv;, &amp;ReverseElement;, &amp;SuchThat;', [8716]='&amp;notni;, &amp;notniva;, &amp;NotReverseElement;', [8719]='&amp;prod;, &amp;Product;', [8720]='&amp;coprod;, &amp;Coproduct;', [8721]='&amp;Sum;, &amp;sum;', [8722]='&amp;minus;', [8723]='&amp;MinusPlus;, &amp;mnplus;, &amp;mp;', [8724]='&amp;dotplus;, &amp;plusdo;', [8726]='&amp;Backslash;, &amp;setminus;, &amp;setmn;, &amp;smallsetminus;, &amp;ssetmn;', [8727]='&amp;lowast;', [8728]='&amp;compfn;, &amp;SmallCircle;', [8730]='&amp;radic;, &amp;Sqrt;', [8733]='&amp;prop;, &amp;Proportional;, &amp;propto;, &amp;varpropto;, &amp;vprop;', [8734]='&amp;infin;', [8735]='&amp;angrt;', [8736]='&amp;ang;, &amp;angle;', [8737]='&amp;angmsd;, &amp;measuredangle;', [8738]='&amp;angsph;', [8739]='&amp;mid;, &amp;shortmid;, &amp;smid;, &amp;VerticalBar;', [8740]='&amp;nmid;, &amp;NotVerticalBar;, &amp;nshortmid;, &amp;nsmid;', [8741]='&amp;DoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;par;, &amp;parallel;, &amp;shortparallel;, &amp;spar;', [8742]='&amp;NotDoubleVerticalBar;, &amp;npar;, &amp;nparallel;, &amp;nshortparallel;, &amp;nspar;', [8743]='&amp;and;, &amp;wedge;', [8744]='&amp;or;, &amp;vee;', [8745]='&amp;cap;', [8746]='&amp;cup;', [8747]='&amp;int;, &amp;Integral;', [8748]='&amp;Int;', [8749]='&amp;iiint;, &amp;tint;', [8750]='&amp;conint;, &amp;ContourIntegral;, &amp;oint;', [8751]='&amp;Conint;, 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&amp;asymp;, &amp;thickapprox;, &amp;thkap;, &amp;TildeTilde;', [8777]='&amp;nap;, &amp;napprox;, &amp;NotTildeTilde;', [8778]='&amp;ape;, &amp;approxeq;', [8779]='&amp;apid;', [8780]='&amp;backcong;, &amp;bcong;', [8781]='&amp;asympeq;, &amp;CupCap;', [8782]='&amp;bump;, &amp;Bumpeq;, &amp;HumpDownHump;', [8783]='&amp;bumpe;, &amp;bumpeq;, &amp;HumpEqual;', [8784]='&amp;doteq;, &amp;DotEqual;, &amp;esdot;', [8785]='&amp;doteqdot;, &amp;eDot;', [8786]='&amp;efDot;, &amp;fallingdotseq;', [8787]='&amp;erDot;, &amp;risingdotseq;', [8788]='&amp;Assign;, &amp;colone;, &amp;coloneq;', [8789]='&amp;ecolon;, &amp;eqcolon;', [8790]='&amp;ecir;, &amp;eqcirc;', [8791]='&amp;circeq;, &amp;cire;', [8793]='&amp;wedgeq;', [8794]='&amp;veeeq;', [8796]='&amp;triangleq;, &amp;trie;', [8799]='&amp;equest;, &amp;questeq;', [8800]='&amp;ne;, &amp;NotEqual;', [8801]='&amp;Congruent;, &amp;equiv;', [8802]='&amp;nequiv;, &amp;NotCongruent;', [8804]='&amp;le;, &amp;leq;', [8805]='&amp;ge;, &amp;geq;, &amp;GreaterEqual;', [8806]='&amp;lE;, &amp;leqq;, &amp;LessFullEqual;', [8807]='&amp;gE;, &amp;geqq;, &amp;GreaterFullEqual;', [8808]='&amp;lnE;, &amp;lneqq;', [8809]='&amp;gnE;, &amp;gneqq;', [8810]='&amp;ll;, &amp;Lt;, &amp;NestedLessLess;', [8811]='&amp;gg;, &amp;Gt;, &amp;NestedGreaterGreater;', [8812]='&amp;between;, &amp;twixt;', [8813]='&amp;NotCupCap;', [8814]='&amp;nless;, &amp;nlt;, &amp;NotLess;', [8815]='&amp;ngt;, &amp;ngtr;, &amp;NotGreater;', [8816]='&amp;nle;, &amp;nleq;, &amp;NotLessEqual;', [8817]='&amp;nge;, &amp;ngeq;, &amp;NotGreaterEqual;', [8818]='&amp;lesssim;, &amp;LessTilde;, &amp;lsim;', [8819]='&amp;GreaterTilde;, &amp;gsim;, &amp;gtrsim;', [8820]='&amp;nlsim;, &amp;NotLessTilde;', [8821]='&amp;ngsim;, &amp;NotGreaterTilde;', [8822]='&amp;LessGreater;, &amp;lessgtr;, &amp;lg;', [8823]='&amp;gl;, &amp;GreaterLess;, &amp;gtrless;', [8824]='&amp;NotLessGreater;, &amp;ntlg;', [8825]='&amp;NotGreaterLess;, &amp;ntgl;', [8826]='&amp;pr;, &amp;prec;, &amp;Precedes;', [8827]='&amp;sc;, &amp;succ;, &amp;Succeeds;', [8828]='&amp;prcue;, &amp;preccurlyeq;, &amp;PrecedesSlantEqual;', [8829]='&amp;sccue;, &amp;succcurlyeq;, &amp;SucceedsSlantEqual;', [8830]='&amp;PrecedesTilde;, &amp;precsim;, &amp;prsim;', [8831]='&amp;scsim;, &amp;SucceedsTilde;, &amp;succsim;', [8832]='&amp;NotPrecedes;, &amp;npr;, &amp;nprec;', [8833]='&amp;NotSucceeds;, &amp;nsc;, &amp;nsucc;', [8834]='&amp;sub;, &amp;subset;', [8835]='&amp;sup;, &amp;Superset;, &amp;supset;', [8836]='&amp;nsub;', [8837]='&amp;nsup;', [8838]='&amp;sube;, &amp;subseteq;, &amp;SubsetEqual;', [8839]='&amp;supe;, &amp;SupersetEqual;, &amp;supseteq;', [8840]='&amp;NotSubsetEqual;, &amp;nsube;, &amp;nsubseteq;', [8841]='&amp;NotSupersetEqual;, &amp;nsupe;, &amp;nsupseteq;', [8842]='&amp;subne;, &amp;subsetneq;', [8843]='&amp;supne;, &amp;supsetneq;', [8845]='&amp;cupdot;', [8846]='&amp;UnionPlus;, &amp;uplus;', [8847]='&amp;sqsub;, &amp;sqsubset;, &amp;SquareSubset;', [8848]='&amp;sqsup;, &amp;sqsupset;, &amp;SquareSuperset;', [8849]='&amp;sqsube;, &amp;sqsubseteq;, &amp;SquareSubsetEqual;', [8850]='&amp;sqsupe;, &amp;sqsupseteq;, &amp;SquareSupersetEqual;', [8851]='&amp;sqcap;, &amp;SquareIntersection;', [8852]='&amp;sqcup;, &amp;SquareUnion;', [8853]='&amp;CirclePlus;, &amp;oplus;', [8854]='&amp;CircleMinus;, &amp;ominus;', [8855]='&amp;CircleTimes;, &amp;otimes;', [8856]='&amp;osol;', [8857]='&amp;CircleDot;, &amp;odot;', [8858]='&amp;circledcirc;, &amp;ocir;', [8859]='&amp;circledast;, &amp;oast;', [8861]='&amp;circleddash;, &amp;odash;', [8862]='&amp;boxplus;, &amp;plusb;', [8863]='&amp;boxminus;, &amp;minusb;', [8864]='&amp;boxtimes;, &amp;timesb;', [8865]='&amp;dotsquare;, &amp;sdotb;', [8866]='&amp;RightTee;, &amp;vdash;', [8867]='&amp;dashv;, &amp;LeftTee;', [8868]='&amp;DownTee;, &amp;top;', [8869]='&amp;bot;, &amp;bottom;, &amp;perp;, &amp;UpTee;', [8871]='&amp;models;', [8872]='&amp;DoubleRightTee;, &amp;vDash;', [8873]='&amp;Vdash;', [8874]='&amp;Vvdash;', 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[8904]='&amp;bowtie;', [8905]='&amp;ltimes;', [8906]='&amp;rtimes;', [8907]='&amp;leftthreetimes;, &amp;lthree;', [8908]='&amp;rightthreetimes;, &amp;rthree;', [8909]='&amp;backsimeq;, &amp;bsime;', [8910]='&amp;curlyvee;, &amp;cuvee;', [8911]='&amp;curlywedge;, &amp;cuwed;', [8912]='&amp;Sub;, &amp;Subset;', [8913]='&amp;Sup;, &amp;Supset;', [8914]='&amp;Cap;', [8915]='&amp;Cup;', [8916]='&amp;fork;, &amp;pitchfork;', [8917]='&amp;epar;', [8918]='&amp;lessdot;, &amp;ltdot;', [8919]='&amp;gtdot;, &amp;gtrdot;', [8920]='&amp;Ll;', [8921]='&amp;Gg;, &amp;ggg;', [8922]='&amp;leg;, &amp;lesseqgtr;, &amp;LessEqualGreater;', [8923]='&amp;gel;, &amp;GreaterEqualLess;, &amp;gtreqless;', [8926]='&amp;cuepr;, &amp;curlyeqprec;', [8927]='&amp;cuesc;, &amp;curlyeqsucc;', [8928]='&amp;NotPrecedesSlantEqual;, &amp;nprcue;', [8929]='&amp;NotSucceedsSlantEqual;, &amp;nsccue;', [8930]='&amp;NotSquareSubsetEqual;, &amp;nsqsube;', [8931]='&amp;NotSquareSupersetEqual;, &amp;nsqsupe;', [8934]='&amp;lnsim;', [8935]='&amp;gnsim;', [8936]='&amp;precnsim;, &amp;prnsim;', [8937]='&amp;scnsim;, &amp;succnsim;', [8938]='&amp;nltri;, &amp;NotLeftTriangle;, &amp;ntriangleleft;', [8939]='&amp;NotRightTriangle;, &amp;nrtri;, &amp;ntriangleright;', [8940]='&amp;nltrie;, &amp;NotLeftTriangleEqual;, &amp;ntrianglelefteq;', [8941]='&amp;NotRightTriangleEqual;, &amp;nrtrie;, &amp;ntrianglerighteq;', [8942]='&amp;vellip;', [8943]='&amp;ctdot;', [8944]='&amp;utdot;', [8945]='&amp;dtdot;', [8946]='&amp;disin;', [8947]='&amp;isinsv;', [8948]='&amp;isins;', [8949]='&amp;isindot;', [8950]='&amp;notinvc;', [8951]='&amp;notinvb;', [8953]='&amp;isinE;', [8954]='&amp;nisd;', [8955]='&amp;xnis;', [8956]='&amp;nis;', [8957]='&amp;notnivc;', [8958]='&amp;notnivb;', [8965]='&amp;barwed;, &amp;barwedge;', [8966]='&amp;Barwed;, &amp;doublebarwedge;', [8968]='&amp;lceil;, &amp;LeftCeiling;', [8969]='&amp;rceil;, &amp;RightCeiling;', [8970]='&amp;LeftFloor;, &amp;lfloor;', [8971]='&amp;rfloor;, &amp;RightFloor;', [8972]='&amp;drcrop;', [8973]='&amp;dlcrop;', [8974]='&amp;urcrop;', [8975]='&amp;ulcrop;', [8976]='&amp;bnot;', [8978]='&amp;profline;', [8979]='&amp;profsurf;', [8981]='&amp;telrec;', [8982]='&amp;target;', [8988]='&amp;ulcorn;, &amp;ulcorner;', [8989]='&amp;urcorn;, &amp;urcorner;', [8990]='&amp;dlcorn;, &amp;llcorner;', [8991]='&amp;drcorn;, &amp;lrcorner;', [8994]='&amp;frown;, &amp;sfrown;', [8995]='&amp;smile;, &amp;ssmile;', [9005]='&amp;cylcty;', [9006]='&amp;profalar;', [9014]='&amp;topbot;', [9021]='&amp;ovbar;', [9023]='&amp;solbar;', [9084]='&amp;angzarr;', [9136]='&amp;lmoust;, &amp;lmoustache;', [9137]='&amp;rmoust;, &amp;rmoustache;', [9140]='&amp;OverBracket;, &amp;tbrk;', [9141]='&amp;bbrk;, &amp;UnderBracket;', [9142]='&amp;bbrktbrk;', [9180]='&amp;OverParenthesis;', [9181]='&amp;UnderParenthesis;', [9182]='&amp;OverBrace;', [9183]='&amp;UnderBrace;', [9186]='&amp;trpezium;', [9191]='&amp;elinters;', [9251]='&amp;blank;', [9416]='&amp;circledS;, &amp;oS;', [9472]='&amp;boxh;, &amp;HorizontalLine;', [9474]='&amp;boxv;', [9484]='&amp;boxdr;', [9488]='&amp;boxdl;', [9492]='&amp;boxur;', [9496]='&amp;boxul;', [9500]='&amp;boxvr;', [9508]='&amp;boxvl;', [9516]='&amp;boxhd;', [9524]='&amp;boxhu;', [9532]='&amp;boxvh;', [9552]='&amp;boxH;', [9553]='&amp;boxV;', [9554]='&amp;boxdR;', [9555]='&amp;boxDr;', [9556]='&amp;boxDR;', [9557]='&amp;boxdL;', [9558]='&amp;boxDl;', [9559]='&amp;boxDL;', [9560]='&amp;boxuR;', [9561]='&amp;boxUr;', [9562]='&amp;boxUR;', [9563]='&amp;boxuL;', [9564]='&amp;boxUl;', [9565]='&amp;boxUL;', [9566]='&amp;boxvR;', [9567]='&amp;boxVr;', [9568]='&amp;boxVR;', [9569]='&amp;boxvL;', [9570]='&amp;boxVl;', [9571]='&amp;boxVL;', [9572]='&amp;boxHd;', [9573]='&amp;boxhD;', [9574]='&amp;boxHD;', [9575]='&amp;boxHu;', [9576]='&amp;boxhU;', [9577]='&amp;boxHU;', [9578]='&amp;boxvH;', [9579]='&amp;boxVh;', [9580]='&amp;boxVH;', [9600]='&amp;uhblk;', [9604]='&amp;lhblk;', [9608]='&amp;block;', [9617]='&amp;blk14;', [9618]='&amp;blk12;', [9619]='&amp;blk34;', [9633]='&amp;squ;, &amp;Square;, &amp;square;', [9642]='&amp;blacksquare;, &amp;FilledVerySmallSquare;, &amp;squarf;, &amp;squf;', [9643]='&amp;EmptyVerySmallSquare;', [9645]='&amp;rect;', [9646]='&amp;marker;', [9649]='&amp;fltns;', [9651]='&amp;bigtriangleup;, &amp;xutri;', [9652]='&amp;blacktriangle;, &amp;utrif;', [9653]='&amp;triangle;, &amp;utri;', [9656]='&amp;blacktriangleright;, &amp;rtrif;', [9657]='&amp;rtri;, &amp;triangleright;', [9661]='&amp;bigtriangledown;, &amp;xdtri;', [9662]='&amp;blacktriangledown;, &amp;dtrif;', [9663]='&amp;dtri;, &amp;triangledown;', [9666]='&amp;blacktriangleleft;, &amp;ltrif;', [9667]='&amp;ltri;, &amp;triangleleft;', [9674]='&amp;loz;, &amp;lozenge;', [9675]='&amp;cir;', [9708]='&amp;tridot;', [9711]='&amp;bigcirc;, &amp;xcirc;', [9720]='&amp;ultri;', [9721]='&amp;urtri;', [9722]='&amp;lltri;', [9723]='&amp;EmptySmallSquare;', [9724]='&amp;FilledSmallSquare;', [9733]='&amp;bigstar;, &amp;starf;', [9734]='&amp;star;', [9742]='&amp;phone;', [9792]='&amp;female;', [9794]='&amp;male;', [9824]='&amp;spades;, &amp;spadesuit;', [9827]='&amp;clubs;, &amp;clubsuit;', [9829]='&amp;hearts;, &amp;heartsuit;', [9830]='&amp;diamondsuit;, &amp;diams;', [9834]='&amp;sung;', [9837]='&amp;flat;', [9838]='&amp;natur;, &amp;natural;', [9839]='&amp;sharp;', [10003]='&amp;check;, &amp;checkmark;', [10007]='&amp;cross;', [10016]='&amp;malt;, &amp;maltese;', [10038]='&amp;sext;', [10072]='&amp;VerticalSeparator;', [10098]='&amp;lbbrk;', [10099]='&amp;rbbrk;', [10184]='&amp;bsolhsub;', [10185]='&amp;suphsol;', [10214]='&amp;LeftDoubleBracket;, &amp;lobrk;', [10215]='&amp;RightDoubleBracket;, &amp;robrk;', [10216]='&amp;lang;, &amp;langle;, &amp;LeftAngleBracket;', [10217]='&amp;rang;, &amp;rangle;, &amp;RightAngleBracket;', [10218]='&amp;Lang;', [10219]='&amp;Rang;', [10220]='&amp;loang;', [10221]='&amp;roang;', [10229]='&amp;LongLeftArrow;, &amp;longleftarrow;, &amp;xlarr;', [10230]='&amp;LongRightArrow;, &amp;longrightarrow;, &amp;xrarr;', [10231]='&amp;LongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;longleftrightarrow;, &amp;xharr;', [10232]='&amp;DoubleLongLeftArrow;, &amp;Longleftarrow;, &amp;xlArr;', [10233]='&amp;DoubleLongRightArrow;, &amp;Longrightarrow;, &amp;xrArr;', [10234]='&amp;DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;, &amp;Longleftrightarrow;, &amp;xhArr;', [10236]='&amp;longmapsto;, &amp;xmap;', [10239]='&amp;dzigrarr;', [10498]='&amp;nvlArr;', [10499]='&amp;nvrArr;', [10500]='&amp;nvHarr;', [10501]='&amp;Map;', [10508]='&amp;lbarr;', [10509]='&amp;bkarow;, &amp;rbarr;', [10510]='&amp;lBarr;', [10511]='&amp;dbkarow;, &amp;rBarr;', [10512]='&amp;drbkarow;, &amp;RBarr;', [10513]='&amp;DDotrahd;', [10514]='&amp;UpArrowBar;', [10515]='&amp;DownArrowBar;', [10518]='&amp;Rarrtl;', [10521]='&amp;latail;', [10522]='&amp;ratail;', [10523]='&amp;lAtail;', [10524]='&amp;rAtail;', [10525]='&amp;larrfs;', [10526]='&amp;rarrfs;', [10527]='&amp;larrbfs;', [10528]='&amp;rarrbfs;', [10531]='&amp;nwarhk;', [10532]='&amp;nearhk;', [10533]='&amp;hksearow;, &amp;searhk;', [10534]='&amp;hkswarow;, &amp;swarhk;', [10535]='&amp;nwnear;', [10536]='&amp;nesear;, &amp;toea;', [10537]='&amp;seswar;, &amp;tosa;', [10538]='&amp;swnwar;', [10547]='&amp;rarrc;', [10549]='&amp;cudarrr;', [10550]='&amp;ldca;', [10551]='&amp;rdca;', [10552]='&amp;cudarrl;', [10553]='&amp;larrpl;', [10556]='&amp;curarrm;', [10557]='&amp;cularrp;', [10565]='&amp;rarrpl;', [10568]='&amp;harrcir;', [10569]='&amp;Uarrocir;', [10570]='&amp;lurdshar;', [10571]='&amp;ldrushar;', [10574]='&amp;LeftRightVector;', [10575]='&amp;RightUpDownVector;', [10576]='&amp;DownLeftRightVector;', [10577]='&amp;LeftUpDownVector;', [10578]='&amp;LeftVectorBar;', [10579]='&amp;RightVectorBar;', [10580]='&amp;RightUpVectorBar;', [10581]='&amp;RightDownVectorBar;', [10582]='&amp;DownLeftVectorBar;', [10583]='&amp;DownRightVectorBar;', [10584]='&amp;LeftUpVectorBar;', [10585]='&amp;LeftDownVectorBar;', [10586]='&amp;LeftTeeVector;', [10587]='&amp;RightTeeVector;', [10588]='&amp;RightUpTeeVector;', [10589]='&amp;RightDownTeeVector;', [10590]='&amp;DownLeftTeeVector;', [10591]='&amp;DownRightTeeVector;', [10592]='&amp;LeftUpTeeVector;', [10593]='&amp;LeftDownTeeVector;', [10594]='&amp;lHar;', [10595]='&amp;uHar;', [10596]='&amp;rHar;', [10597]='&amp;dHar;', [10598]='&amp;luruhar;', [10599]='&amp;ldrdhar;', [10600]='&amp;ruluhar;', [10601]='&amp;rdldhar;', [10602]='&amp;lharul;', [10603]='&amp;llhard;', [10604]='&amp;rharul;', [10605]='&amp;lrhard;', [10606]='&amp;udhar;, &amp;UpEquilibrium;', [10607]='&amp;duhar;, &amp;ReverseUpEquilibrium;', [10608]='&amp;RoundImplies;', [10609]='&amp;erarr;', [10610]='&amp;simrarr;', [10611]='&amp;larrsim;', [10612]='&amp;rarrsim;', [10613]='&amp;rarrap;', [10614]='&amp;ltlarr;', [10616]='&amp;gtrarr;', [10617]='&amp;subrarr;', [10619]='&amp;suplarr;', [10620]='&amp;lfisht;', [10621]='&amp;rfisht;', [10622]='&amp;ufisht;', [10623]='&amp;dfisht;', [10629]='&amp;lopar;', [10630]='&amp;ropar;', [10635]='&amp;lbrke;', [10636]='&amp;rbrke;', [10637]='&amp;lbrkslu;', [10638]='&amp;rbrksld;', [10639]='&amp;lbrksld;', [10640]='&amp;rbrkslu;', [10641]='&amp;langd;', [10642]='&amp;rangd;', [10643]='&amp;lparlt;', [10644]='&amp;rpargt;', [10645]='&amp;gtlPar;', [10646]='&amp;ltrPar;', [10650]='&amp;vzigzag;', [10652]='&amp;vangrt;', [10653]='&amp;angrtvbd;', [10660]='&amp;ange;', [10661]='&amp;range;', [10662]='&amp;dwangle;', [10663]='&amp;uwangle;', [10664]='&amp;angmsdaa;', [10665]='&amp;angmsdab;', [10666]='&amp;angmsdac;', [10667]='&amp;angmsdad;', [10668]='&amp;angmsdae;', [10669]='&amp;angmsdaf;', [10670]='&amp;angmsdag;', [10671]='&amp;angmsdah;', [10672]='&amp;bemptyv;', [10673]='&amp;demptyv;', [10674]='&amp;cemptyv;', [10675]='&amp;raemptyv;', [10676]='&amp;laemptyv;', [10677]='&amp;ohbar;', [10678]='&amp;omid;', [10679]='&amp;opar;', [10681]='&amp;operp;', [10683]='&amp;olcross;', [10684]='&amp;odsold;', [10686]='&amp;olcir;', [10687]='&amp;ofcir;', [10688]='&amp;olt;', [10689]='&amp;ogt;', [10690]='&amp;cirscir;', [10691]='&amp;cirE;', [10692]='&amp;solb;', [10693]='&amp;bsolb;', [10697]='&amp;boxbox;', [10701]='&amp;trisb;', [10702]='&amp;rtriltri;', [10703]='&amp;LeftTriangleBar;', [10704]='&amp;RightTriangleBar;', [10716]='&amp;iinfin;', [10717]='&amp;infintie;', [10718]='&amp;nvinfin;', [10723]='&amp;eparsl;', [10724]='&amp;smeparsl;', [10725]='&amp;eqvparsl;', [10731]='&amp;blacklozenge;, &amp;lozf;', [10740]='&amp;RuleDelayed;', [10742]='&amp;dsol;', [10752]='&amp;bigodot;, &amp;xodot;', [10753]='&amp;bigoplus;, &amp;xoplus;', [10754]='&amp;bigotimes;, &amp;xotime;', [10756]='&amp;biguplus;, &amp;xuplus;', [10758]='&amp;bigsqcup;, &amp;xsqcup;', [10764]='&amp;iiiint;, &amp;qint;', [10765]='&amp;fpartint;', [10768]='&amp;cirfnint;', [10769]='&amp;awint;', [10770]='&amp;rppolint;', [10771]='&amp;scpolint;', [10772]='&amp;npolint;', [10773]='&amp;pointint;', [10774]='&amp;quatint;', [10775]='&amp;intlarhk;', [10786]='&amp;pluscir;', [10787]='&amp;plusacir;', [10788]='&amp;simplus;', [10789]='&amp;plusdu;', [10790]='&amp;plussim;', [10791]='&amp;plustwo;', [10793]='&amp;mcomma;', [10794]='&amp;minusdu;', [10797]='&amp;loplus;', [10798]='&amp;roplus;', [10799]='&amp;Cross;', [10800]='&amp;timesd;', [10801]='&amp;timesbar;', [10803]='&amp;smashp;', [10804]='&amp;lotimes;', [10805]='&amp;rotimes;', [10806]='&amp;otimesas;', [10807]='&amp;Otimes;', [10808]='&amp;odiv;', [10809]='&amp;triplus;', [10810]='&amp;triminus;', [10811]='&amp;tritime;', [10812]='&amp;intprod;, &amp;iprod;', [10815]='&amp;amalg;', [10816]='&amp;capdot;', [10818]='&amp;ncup;', [10819]='&amp;ncap;', [10820]='&amp;capand;', [10821]='&amp;cupor;', [10822]='&amp;cupcap;', [10823]='&amp;capcup;', [10824]='&amp;cupbrcap;', [10825]='&amp;capbrcup;', [10826]='&amp;cupcup;', [10827]='&amp;capcap;', [10828]='&amp;ccups;', [10829]='&amp;ccaps;', [10832]='&amp;ccupssm;', [10835]='&amp;And;', [10836]='&amp;Or;', [10837]='&amp;andand;', [10838]='&amp;oror;', [10839]='&amp;orslope;', [10840]='&amp;andslope;', [10842]='&amp;andv;', [10843]='&amp;orv;', [10844]='&amp;andd;', [10845]='&amp;ord;', [10847]='&amp;wedbar;', [10854]='&amp;sdote;', [10858]='&amp;simdot;', [10861]='&amp;congdot;', [10862]='&amp;easter;', [10863]='&amp;apacir;', [10864]='&amp;apE;', [10865]='&amp;eplus;', [10866]='&amp;pluse;', [10867]='&amp;Esim;', [10868]='&amp;Colone;', [10869]='&amp;Equal;', [10871]='&amp;ddotseq;, &amp;eDDot;', [10872]='&amp;equivDD;', [10873]='&amp;ltcir;', [10874]='&amp;gtcir;', [10875]='&amp;ltquest;', [10876]='&amp;gtquest;', [10877]='&amp;leqslant;, &amp;les;, &amp;LessSlantEqual;', [10878]='&amp;geqslant;, &amp;ges;, &amp;GreaterSlantEqual;', [10879]='&amp;lesdot;', [10880]='&amp;gesdot;', [10881]='&amp;lesdoto;', [10882]='&amp;gesdoto;', [10883]='&amp;lesdotor;', [10884]='&amp;gesdotol;', [10885]='&amp;lap;, &amp;lessapprox;', [10886]='&amp;gap;, &amp;gtrapprox;', [10887]='&amp;lne;, &amp;lneq;', [10888]='&amp;gne;, &amp;gneq;', [10889]='&amp;lnap;, &amp;lnapprox;', [10890]='&amp;gnap;, &amp;gnapprox;', [10891]='&amp;lEg;, &amp;lesseqqgtr;', [10892]='&amp;gEl;, &amp;gtreqqless;', [10893]='&amp;lsime;', [10894]='&amp;gsime;', [10895]='&amp;lsimg;', [10896]='&amp;gsiml;', [10897]='&amp;lgE;', [10898]='&amp;glE;', [10899]='&amp;lesges;', [10900]='&amp;gesles;', [10901]='&amp;els;, &amp;eqslantless;', [10902]='&amp;egs;, &amp;eqslantgtr;', [10903]='&amp;elsdot;', [10904]='&amp;egsdot;', [10905]='&amp;el;', [10906]='&amp;eg;', [10909]='&amp;siml;', [10910]='&amp;simg;', [10911]='&amp;simlE;', [10912]='&amp;simgE;', [10913]='&amp;LessLess;', [10914]='&amp;GreaterGreater;', [10916]='&amp;glj;', [10917]='&amp;gla;', [10918]='&amp;ltcc;', [10919]='&amp;gtcc;', [10920]='&amp;lescc;', [10921]='&amp;gescc;', [10922]='&amp;smt;', [10923]='&amp;lat;', [10924]='&amp;smte;', [10925]='&amp;late;', [10926]='&amp;bumpE;', [10927]='&amp;pre;, &amp;PrecedesEqual;, &amp;preceq;', [10928]='&amp;sce;, &amp;SucceedsEqual;, &amp;succeq;', [10931]='&amp;prE;', [10932]='&amp;scE;', [10933]='&amp;precneqq;, &amp;prnE;', [10934]='&amp;scnE;, &amp;succneqq;', [10935]='&amp;prap;, &amp;precapprox;', [10936]='&amp;scap;, &amp;succapprox;', [10937]='&amp;precnapprox;, &amp;prnap;', [10938]='&amp;scnap;, &amp;succnapprox;', [10939]='&amp;Pr;', [10940]='&amp;Sc;', [10941]='&amp;subdot;', [10942]='&amp;supdot;', [10943]='&amp;subplus;', [10944]='&amp;supplus;', [10945]='&amp;submult;', [10946]='&amp;supmult;', [10947]='&amp;subedot;', [10948]='&amp;supedot;', [10949]='&amp;subE;, &amp;subseteqq;', [10950]='&amp;supE;, &amp;supseteqq;', [10951]='&amp;subsim;', [10952]='&amp;supsim;', [10955]='&amp;subnE;, &amp;subsetneqq;', [10956]='&amp;supnE;, &amp;supsetneqq;', [10959]='&amp;csub;', [10960]='&amp;csup;', [10961]='&amp;csube;', [10962]='&amp;csupe;', [10963]='&amp;subsup;', [10964]='&amp;supsub;', [10965]='&amp;subsub;', [10966]='&amp;supsup;', [10967]='&amp;suphsub;', [10968]='&amp;supdsub;', [10969]='&amp;forkv;', [10970]='&amp;topfork;', [10971]='&amp;mlcp;', [10980]='&amp;Dashv;, &amp;DoubleLeftTee;', [10982]='&amp;Vdashl;', [10983]='&amp;Barv;', [10984]='&amp;vBar;', [10985]='&amp;vBarv;', [10987]='&amp;Vbar;', [10988]='&amp;Not;', [10989]='&amp;bNot;', [10990]='&amp;rnmid;', [10991]='&amp;cirmid;', [10992]='&amp;midcir;', [10993]='&amp;topcir;', [10994]='&amp;nhpar;', [10995]='&amp;parsim;', [11005]='&amp;parsl;', [64256]='&amp;fflig;', [64257]='&amp;filig;', [64258]='&amp;fllig;', [64259]='&amp;ffilig;', [64260]='&amp;ffllig;', [119964]='&amp;Ascr;', [119966]='&amp;Cscr;', [119967]='&amp;Dscr;', [119970]='&amp;Gscr;', [119973]='&amp;Jscr;', [119974]='&amp;Kscr;', [119977]='&amp;Nscr;', [119978]='&amp;Oscr;', [119979]='&amp;Pscr;', [119980]='&amp;Qscr;', [119982]='&amp;Sscr;', [119983]='&amp;Tscr;', [119984]='&amp;Uscr;', [119985]='&amp;Vscr;', [119986]='&amp;Wscr;', [119987]='&amp;Xscr;', [119988]='&amp;Yscr;', [119989]='&amp;Zscr;', [119990]='&amp;ascr;', [119991]='&amp;bscr;', [119992]='&amp;cscr;', [119993]='&amp;dscr;', [119995]='&amp;fscr;', [119997]='&amp;hscr;', [119998]='&amp;iscr;', [119999]='&amp;jscr;', [120000]='&amp;kscr;', [120001]='&amp;lscr;', [120002]='&amp;mscr;', [120003]='&amp;nscr;', [120005]='&amp;pscr;', [120006]='&amp;qscr;', [120007]='&amp;rscr;', [120008]='&amp;sscr;', [120009]='&amp;tscr;', [120010]='&amp;uscr;', [120011]='&amp;vscr;', [120012]='&amp;wscr;', [120013]='&amp;xscr;', [120014]='&amp;yscr;', [120015]='&amp;zscr;', [120068]='&amp;Afr;', [120069]='&amp;Bfr;', [120071]='&amp;Dfr;', [120072]='&amp;Efr;', [120073]='&amp;Ffr;', [120074]='&amp;Gfr;', [120077]='&amp;Jfr;', [120078]='&amp;Kfr;', [120079]='&amp;Lfr;', [120080]='&amp;Mfr;', [120081]='&amp;Nfr;', [120082]='&amp;Ofr;', [120083]='&amp;Pfr;', [120084]='&amp;Qfr;', [120086]='&amp;Sfr;', [120087]='&amp;Tfr;', [120088]='&amp;Ufr;', [120089]='&amp;Vfr;', [120090]='&amp;Wfr;', [120091]='&amp;Xfr;', [120092]='&amp;Yfr;', [120094]='&amp;afr;', [120095]='&amp;bfr;', [120096]='&amp;cfr;', [120097]='&amp;dfr;', [120098]='&amp;efr;', [120099]='&amp;ffr;', [120100]='&amp;gfr;', [120101]='&amp;hfr;', [120102]='&amp;ifr;', [120103]='&amp;jfr;', [120104]='&amp;kfr;', [120105]='&amp;lfr;', [120106]='&amp;mfr;', [120107]='&amp;nfr;', [120108]='&amp;ofr;', [120109]='&amp;pfr;', [120110]='&amp;qfr;', [120111]='&amp;rfr;', [120112]='&amp;sfr;', [120113]='&amp;tfr;', [120114]='&amp;ufr;', [120115]='&amp;vfr;', [120116]='&amp;wfr;', [120117]='&amp;xfr;', [120118]='&amp;yfr;', [120119]='&amp;zfr;', [120120]='&amp;Aopf;', [120121]='&amp;Bopf;', [120123]='&amp;Dopf;', [120124]='&amp;Eopf;', [120125]='&amp;Fopf;', [120126]='&amp;Gopf;', [120128]='&amp;Iopf;', [120129]='&amp;Jopf;', [120130]='&amp;Kopf;', [120131]='&amp;Lopf;', [120132]='&amp;Mopf;', [120134]='&amp;Oopf;', [120138]='&amp;Sopf;', [120139]='&amp;Topf;', [120140]='&amp;Uopf;', [120141]='&amp;Vopf;', [120142]='&amp;Wopf;', [120143]='&amp;Xopf;', [120144]='&amp;Yopf;', [120146]='&amp;aopf;', [120147]='&amp;bopf;', [120148]='&amp;copf;', [120149]='&amp;dopf;', [120150]='&amp;eopf;', [120151]='&amp;fopf;', [120152]='&amp;gopf;', [120153]='&amp;hopf;', [120154]='&amp;iopf;', [120155]='&amp;jopf;', [120156]='&amp;kopf;', [120157]='&amp;lopf;', [120158]='&amp;mopf;', [120159]='&amp;nopf;', [120160]='&amp;oopf;', [120161]='&amp;popf;', [120162]='&amp;qopf;', [120163]='&amp;ropf;', [120164]='&amp;sopf;', [120165]='&amp;topf;', [120166]='&amp;uopf;', [120167]='&amp;vopf;', [120168]='&amp;wopf;', [120169]='&amp;xopf;', [120170]='&amp;yopf;', [120171]='&amp;zopf;'} o229krhmwd41nhyxsbzj04tnlqlv02n 828 11144 84215 2022-05-19T08:21:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Numcr2namecr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |release}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> This is a data module. It cannot be invoked directly, but it can be accessed from other modules. == Usage == From Lua, use <code>[[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadData|mw.loadData]]</code>. Be aware that will return a special type of table so some features are unavailable. From templates, use {{tlx|numcr2namecr}}, or {{mlx|LoadData|Numcr2namecr|''index''|4=if_nil=''default''}} ::<code><nowiki>{{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x160}}</nowiki></code> → {{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x160}}. * {{!}}''{{code|index}}''{{!}} must be a plain decimal {{mxt|160}} ''or'' explicit hexadecimal {{mxt|0xA9}}. Not "{{!mxt|1=&amp;#160;}}" nor hexadecimal "{{!mxt|00A9}}". == Editing == Please do not add any functions, metatables etc. to this data table. <code>mw.loadData</code> is very limited in what it will accept as valid input. ==See also== :{{slink|List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references|Character_entity_references_in_HTML}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Conversion templates]] }}</includeonly> lnvta090xtg17jg88p6qvxrmowkz1a4 828 11145 84216 2022-05-19T08:22:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/blocks Scribunto text/plain -- Compiled from http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt. local blocks = { { 0x000000, 0x00007F, "Basic Latin" }, { 0x000080, 0x0000FF, "Latin-1 Supplement" }, { 0x000100, 0x00017F, "Latin Extended-A" }, { 0x000180, 0x00024F, "Latin Extended-B" }, { 0x000250, 0x0002AF, "IPA Extensions" }, { 0x0002B0, 0x0002FF, "Spacing Modifier Letters" }, { 0x000300, 0x00036F, "Combining Diacritical Marks" }, { 0x000370, 0x0003FF, "Greek and Coptic" }, { 0x000400, 0x0004FF, "Cyrillic" }, { 0x000500, 0x00052F, "Cyrillic Supplement" }, { 0x000530, 0x00058F, "Armenian" }, { 0x000590, 0x0005FF, "Hebrew" }, { 0x000600, 0x0006FF, "Arabic" }, { 0x000700, 0x00074F, "Syriac" }, { 0x000750, 0x00077F, "Arabic Supplement" }, { 0x000780, 0x0007BF, "Thaana" }, { 0x0007C0, 0x0007FF, "NKo" }, { 0x000800, 0x00083F, "Samaritan" }, { 0x000840, 0x00085F, "Mandaic" }, { 0x000860, 0x00086F, "Syriac Supplement" }, { 0x000870, 0x00089F, "Arabic Extended-B" }, { 0x0008A0, 0x0008FF, "Arabic Extended-A" }, { 0x000900, 0x00097F, "Devanagari" }, { 0x000980, 0x0009FF, "Bengali" }, { 0x000A00, 0x000A7F, "Gurmukhi" }, { 0x000A80, 0x000AFF, "Gujarati" }, { 0x000B00, 0x000B7F, "Oriya" }, { 0x000B80, 0x000BFF, "Tamil" }, { 0x000C00, 0x000C7F, "Telugu" }, { 0x000C80, 0x000CFF, "Kannada" }, { 0x000D00, 0x000D7F, "Malayalam" }, { 0x000D80, 0x000DFF, "Sinhala" }, { 0x000E00, 0x000E7F, "Thai" }, { 0x000E80, 0x000EFF, "Lao" }, { 0x000F00, 0x000FFF, "Tibetan" }, { 0x001000, 0x00109F, "Myanmar" }, { 0x0010A0, 0x0010FF, "Georgian" }, { 0x001100, 0x0011FF, "Hangul Jamo" }, { 0x001200, 0x00137F, "Ethiopic" }, { 0x001380, 0x00139F, "Ethiopic Supplement" }, { 0x0013A0, 0x0013FF, "Cherokee" }, { 0x001400, 0x00167F, "Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics" }, { 0x001680, 0x00169F, "Ogham" }, { 0x0016A0, 0x0016FF, "Runic" }, { 0x001700, 0x00171F, "Tagalog" }, { 0x001720, 0x00173F, "Hanunoo" }, { 0x001740, 0x00175F, "Buhid" }, { 0x001760, 0x00177F, "Tagbanwa" }, { 0x001780, 0x0017FF, "Khmer" }, { 0x001800, 0x0018AF, "Mongolian" }, { 0x0018B0, 0x0018FF, "Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended" }, { 0x001900, 0x00194F, "Limbu" }, { 0x001950, 0x00197F, "Tai Le" }, { 0x001980, 0x0019DF, "New Tai Lue" }, { 0x0019E0, 0x0019FF, "Khmer Symbols" }, { 0x001A00, 0x001A1F, "Buginese" }, { 0x001A20, 0x001AAF, "Tai Tham" }, { 0x001AB0, 0x001AFF, "Combining Diacritical Marks Extended" }, { 0x001B00, 0x001B7F, "Balinese" }, { 0x001B80, 0x001BBF, "Sundanese" }, { 0x001BC0, 0x001BFF, "Batak" }, { 0x001C00, 0x001C4F, "Lepcha" }, { 0x001C50, 0x001C7F, "Ol Chiki" }, { 0x001C80, 0x001C8F, "Cyrillic Extended-C" }, { 0x001C90, 0x001CBF, "Georgian Extended" }, { 0x001CC0, 0x001CCF, "Sundanese Supplement" }, { 0x001CD0, 0x001CFF, "Vedic Extensions" }, { 0x001D00, 0x001D7F, "Phonetic Extensions" }, { 0x001D80, 0x001DBF, "Phonetic Extensions Supplement" }, { 0x001DC0, 0x001DFF, "Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement" }, { 0x001E00, 0x001EFF, "Latin Extended Additional" }, { 0x001F00, 0x001FFF, "Greek Extended" }, { 0x002000, 0x00206F, "General Punctuation" }, { 0x002070, 0x00209F, "Superscripts and Subscripts" }, { 0x0020A0, 0x0020CF, "Currency Symbols" }, { 0x0020D0, 0x0020FF, "Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols" }, { 0x002100, 0x00214F, "Letterlike Symbols" }, { 0x002150, 0x00218F, "Number Forms" }, { 0x002190, 0x0021FF, "Arrows" }, { 0x002200, 0x0022FF, "Mathematical Operators" }, { 0x002300, 0x0023FF, "Miscellaneous Technical" }, { 0x002400, 0x00243F, "Control Pictures" }, { 0x002440, 0x00245F, "Optical Character Recognition" }, { 0x002460, 0x0024FF, "Enclosed Alphanumerics" }, { 0x002500, 0x00257F, "Box Drawing" }, { 0x002580, 0x00259F, "Block Elements" }, { 0x0025A0, 0x0025FF, "Geometric Shapes" }, { 0x002600, 0x0026FF, "Miscellaneous Symbols" }, { 0x002700, 0x0027BF, "Dingbats" }, { 0x0027C0, 0x0027EF, "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A" }, { 0x0027F0, 0x0027FF, "Supplemental Arrows-A" }, { 0x002800, 0x0028FF, "Braille Patterns" }, { 0x002900, 0x00297F, "Supplemental Arrows-B" }, { 0x002980, 0x0029FF, "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B" }, { 0x002A00, 0x002AFF, "Supplemental Mathematical Operators" }, { 0x002B00, 0x002BFF, "Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows" }, { 0x002C00, 0x002C5F, "Glagolitic" }, { 0x002C60, 0x002C7F, "Latin Extended-C" }, { 0x002C80, 0x002CFF, "Coptic" }, { 0x002D00, 0x002D2F, "Georgian Supplement" }, { 0x002D30, 0x002D7F, "Tifinagh" }, { 0x002D80, 0x002DDF, "Ethiopic Extended" }, { 0x002DE0, 0x002DFF, "Cyrillic Extended-A" }, { 0x002E00, 0x002E7F, "Supplemental Punctuation" }, { 0x002E80, 0x002EFF, "CJK Radicals Supplement" }, { 0x002F00, 0x002FDF, "Kangxi Radicals" }, { 0x002FF0, 0x002FFF, "Ideographic Description Characters" }, { 0x003000, 0x00303F, "CJK Symbols and Punctuation" }, { 0x003040, 0x00309F, "Hiragana" }, { 0x0030A0, 0x0030FF, "Katakana" }, { 0x003100, 0x00312F, "Bopomofo" }, { 0x003130, 0x00318F, "Hangul Compatibility Jamo" }, { 0x003190, 0x00319F, "Kanbun" }, { 0x0031A0, 0x0031BF, "Bopomofo Extended" }, { 0x0031C0, 0x0031EF, "CJK Strokes" }, { 0x0031F0, 0x0031FF, "Katakana Phonetic Extensions" }, { 0x003200, 0x0032FF, "Enclosed CJK Letters and Months" }, { 0x003300, 0x0033FF, "CJK Compatibility" }, { 0x003400, 0x004DBF, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A" }, { 0x004DC0, 0x004DFF, "Yijing Hexagram Symbols" }, { 0x004E00, 0x009FFF, "CJK Unified Ideographs" }, { 0x00A000, 0x00A48F, "Yi Syllables" }, { 0x00A490, 0x00A4CF, "Yi Radicals" }, { 0x00A4D0, 0x00A4FF, "Lisu" }, { 0x00A500, 0x00A63F, "Vai" }, { 0x00A640, 0x00A69F, "Cyrillic Extended-B" }, { 0x00A6A0, 0x00A6FF, "Bamum" }, { 0x00A700, 0x00A71F, "Modifier Tone Letters" }, { 0x00A720, 0x00A7FF, "Latin Extended-D" }, { 0x00A800, 0x00A82F, "Syloti Nagri" }, { 0x00A830, 0x00A83F, "Common Indic Number Forms" }, { 0x00A840, 0x00A87F, "Phags-pa" }, { 0x00A880, 0x00A8DF, "Saurashtra" }, { 0x00A8E0, 0x00A8FF, "Devanagari Extended" }, { 0x00A900, 0x00A92F, "Kayah Li" }, { 0x00A930, 0x00A95F, "Rejang" }, { 0x00A960, 0x00A97F, "Hangul Jamo Extended-A" }, { 0x00A980, 0x00A9DF, "Javanese" }, { 0x00A9E0, 0x00A9FF, "Myanmar Extended-B" }, { 0x00AA00, 0x00AA5F, "Cham" }, { 0x00AA60, 0x00AA7F, "Myanmar Extended-A" }, { 0x00AA80, 0x00AADF, "Tai Viet" }, { 0x00AAE0, 0x00AAFF, "Meetei Mayek Extensions" }, { 0x00AB00, 0x00AB2F, "Ethiopic Extended-A" }, { 0x00AB30, 0x00AB6F, "Latin Extended-E" }, { 0x00AB70, 0x00ABBF, "Cherokee Supplement" }, { 0x00ABC0, 0x00ABFF, "Meetei Mayek" }, { 0x00AC00, 0x00D7AF, "Hangul Syllables" }, { 0x00D7B0, 0x00D7FF, "Hangul Jamo Extended-B" }, { 0x00D800, 0x00DB7F, "High Surrogates" }, { 0x00DB80, 0x00DBFF, "High Private Use Surrogates" }, { 0x00DC00, 0x00DFFF, "Low Surrogates" }, { 0x00E000, 0x00F8FF, "Private Use Area" }, { 0x00F900, 0x00FAFF, "CJK Compatibility Ideographs" }, { 0x00FB00, 0x00FB4F, "Alphabetic Presentation Forms" }, { 0x00FB50, 0x00FDFF, "Arabic Presentation Forms-A" }, { 0x00FE00, 0x00FE0F, "Variation Selectors" }, { 0x00FE10, 0x00FE1F, "Vertical Forms" }, { 0x00FE20, 0x00FE2F, "Combining Half Marks" }, { 0x00FE30, 0x00FE4F, "CJK Compatibility Forms" }, { 0x00FE50, 0x00FE6F, "Small Form Variants" }, { 0x00FE70, 0x00FEFF, "Arabic Presentation Forms-B" }, { 0x00FF00, 0x00FFEF, "Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms" }, { 0x00FFF0, 0x00FFFF, "Specials" }, { 0x010000, 0x01007F, "Linear B Syllabary" }, { 0x010080, 0x0100FF, "Linear B Ideograms" }, { 0x010100, 0x01013F, "Aegean Numbers" }, { 0x010140, 0x01018F, "Ancient Greek Numbers" }, { 0x010190, 0x0101CF, "Ancient Symbols" }, { 0x0101D0, 0x0101FF, "Phaistos Disc" }, { 0x010280, 0x01029F, "Lycian" }, { 0x0102A0, 0x0102DF, "Carian" }, { 0x0102E0, 0x0102FF, "Coptic Epact Numbers" }, { 0x010300, 0x01032F, "Old Italic" }, { 0x010330, 0x01034F, "Gothic" }, { 0x010350, 0x01037F, "Old Permic" }, { 0x010380, 0x01039F, "Ugaritic" }, { 0x0103A0, 0x0103DF, "Old Persian" }, { 0x010400, 0x01044F, "Deseret" }, { 0x010450, 0x01047F, "Shavian" }, { 0x010480, 0x0104AF, "Osmanya" }, { 0x0104B0, 0x0104FF, "Osage" }, { 0x010500, 0x01052F, "Elbasan" }, { 0x010530, 0x01056F, "Caucasian Albanian" }, { 0x010570, 0x0105BF, "Vithkuqi" }, { 0x010600, 0x01077F, "Linear A" }, { 0x010780, 0x0107BF, "Latin Extended-F" }, { 0x010800, 0x01083F, "Cypriot Syllabary" }, { 0x010840, 0x01085F, "Imperial Aramaic" }, { 0x010860, 0x01087F, "Palmyrene" }, { 0x010880, 0x0108AF, "Nabataean" }, { 0x0108E0, 0x0108FF, "Hatran" }, { 0x010900, 0x01091F, "Phoenician" }, { 0x010920, 0x01093F, "Lydian" }, { 0x010980, 0x01099F, "Meroitic Hieroglyphs" }, { 0x0109A0, 0x0109FF, "Meroitic Cursive" }, { 0x010A00, 0x010A5F, "Kharoshthi" }, { 0x010A60, 0x010A7F, "Old South Arabian" }, { 0x010A80, 0x010A9F, "Old North Arabian" }, { 0x010AC0, 0x010AFF, "Manichaean" }, { 0x010B00, 0x010B3F, "Avestan" }, { 0x010B40, 0x010B5F, "Inscriptional Parthian" }, { 0x010B60, 0x010B7F, "Inscriptional Pahlavi" }, { 0x010B80, 0x010BAF, "Psalter Pahlavi" }, { 0x010C00, 0x010C4F, "Old Turkic" }, { 0x010C80, 0x010CFF, "Old Hungarian" }, { 0x010D00, 0x010D3F, "Hanifi Rohingya" }, { 0x010E60, 0x010E7F, "Rumi Numeral Symbols" }, { 0x010E80, 0x010EBF, "Yezidi" }, { 0x010F00, 0x010F2F, "Old Sogdian" }, { 0x010F30, 0x010F6F, "Sogdian" }, { 0x010F70, 0x010FAF, "Old Uyghur" }, { 0x010FB0, 0x010FDF, "Chorasmian" }, { 0x010FE0, 0x010FFF, "Elymaic" }, { 0x011000, 0x01107F, "Brahmi" }, { 0x011080, 0x0110CF, "Kaithi" }, { 0x0110D0, 0x0110FF, "Sora Sompeng" }, { 0x011100, 0x01114F, "Chakma" }, { 0x011150, 0x01117F, "Mahajani" }, { 0x011180, 0x0111DF, "Sharada" }, { 0x0111E0, 0x0111FF, "Sinhala Archaic Numbers" }, { 0x011200, 0x01124F, "Khojki" }, { 0x011280, 0x0112AF, "Multani" }, { 0x0112B0, 0x0112FF, "Khudawadi" }, { 0x011300, 0x01137F, "Grantha" }, { 0x011400, 0x01147F, "Newa" }, { 0x011480, 0x0114DF, "Tirhuta" }, { 0x011580, 0x0115FF, "Siddham" }, { 0x011600, 0x01165F, "Modi" }, { 0x011660, 0x01167F, "Mongolian Supplement" }, { 0x011680, 0x0116CF, "Takri" }, { 0x011700, 0x01174F, "Ahom" }, { 0x011800, 0x01184F, "Dogra" }, { 0x0118A0, 0x0118FF, "Warang Citi" }, { 0x011900, 0x01195F, "Dives Akuru" }, { 0x0119A0, 0x0119FF, "Nandinagari" }, { 0x011A00, 0x011A4F, "Zanabazar Square" }, { 0x011A50, 0x011AAF, "Soyombo" }, { 0x011AB0, 0x011ABF, "Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended-A"}, { 0x011AC0, 0x011AFF, "Pau Cin Hau" }, { 0x011C00, 0x011C6F, "Bhaiksuki" }, { 0x011C70, 0x011CBF, "Marchen" }, { 0x011D00, 0x011D5F, "Masaram Gondi" }, { 0x011D60, 0x011DAF, "Gunjala Gondi" }, { 0x011EE0, 0x011EFF, "Makasar" }, { 0x011FB0, 0x011FBF, "Lisu Supplement" }, { 0x011FC0, 0x011FFF, "Tamil Supplement" }, { 0x012000, 0x0123FF, "Cuneiform" }, { 0x012400, 0x01247F, "Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation" }, { 0x012480, 0x01254F, "Early Dynastic Cuneiform" }, { 0x012F90, 0x012FFF, "Cypro-Minoan" }, { 0x013000, 0x01342F, "Egyptian Hieroglyphs" }, { 0x013430, 0x01343F, "Egyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls" }, { 0x014400, 0x01467F, "Anatolian Hieroglyphs" }, { 0x016800, 0x016A3F, "Bamum Supplement" }, { 0x016A40, 0x016A6F, "Mro" }, { 0x016A70, 0x016ACF, "Tangsa" }, { 0x016AD0, 0x016AFF, "Bassa Vah" }, { 0x016B00, 0x016B8F, "Pahawh Hmong" }, { 0x016E40, 0x016E9F, "Medefaidrin" }, { 0x016F00, 0x016F9F, "Miao" }, { 0x016FE0, 0x016FFF, "Ideographic Symbols and Punctuation" }, { 0x017000, 0x0187FF, "Tangut" }, { 0x018800, 0x018AFF, "Tangut Components" }, { 0x018B00, 0x018CFF, "Khitan Small Script" }, { 0x018D00, 0x018D7F, "Tangut Supplement" }, { 0x01AFF0, 0x01AFFF, "Kana Extended-B" }, { 0x01B000, 0x01B0FF, "Kana Supplement" }, { 0x01B100, 0x01B12F, "Kana Extended-A" }, { 0x01B130, 0x01B16F, "Small Kana Extension" }, { 0x01B170, 0x01B2FF, "Nushu" }, { 0x01BC00, 0x01BC9F, "Duployan" }, { 0x01BCA0, 0x01BCAF, "Shorthand Format Controls" }, { 0x01CF00, 0x01CFCF, "Znamenny Musical Notation" }, { 0x01D000, 0x01D0FF, "Byzantine Musical Symbols" }, { 0x01D100, 0x01D1FF, "Musical Symbols" }, { 0x01D200, 0x01D24F, "Ancient Greek Musical Notation" }, { 0x01D2E0, 0x01D2FF, "Mayan Numerals" }, { 0x01D300, 0x01D35F, "Tai Xuan Jing Symbols" }, { 0x01D360, 0x01D37F, "Counting Rod Numerals" }, { 0x01D400, 0x01D7FF, "Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols" }, { 0x01D800, 0x01DAAF, "Sutton SignWriting" }, { 0x01DF00, 0x01DFFF, "Latin Extended-G" }, { 0x01E000, 0x01E02F, "Glagolitic Supplement" }, { 0x01E100, 0x01E14F, "Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong" }, { 0x01E290, 0x01E2BF, "Toto" }, { 0x01E2C0, 0x01E2FF, "Wancho" }, { 0x01E7E0, 0x01E7FF, "Ethiopic Extended-B" }, { 0x01E800, 0x01E8DF, "Mende Kikakui" }, { 0x01E900, 0x01E95F, "Adlam" }, { 0x01EC70, 0x01ECBF, "Indic Siyaq Numbers" }, { 0x01ED00, 0x01ED4F, "Ottoman Siyaq Numbers" }, { 0x01EE00, 0x01EEFF, "Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols" }, { 0x01F000, 0x01F02F, "Mahjong Tiles" }, { 0x01F030, 0x01F09F, "Domino Tiles" }, { 0x01F0A0, 0x01F0FF, "Playing Cards" }, { 0x01F100, 0x01F1FF, "Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement" }, { 0x01F200, 0x01F2FF, "Enclosed Ideographic Supplement" }, { 0x01F300, 0x01F5FF, "Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs" }, { 0x01F600, 0x01F64F, "Emoticons" }, { 0x01F650, 0x01F67F, "Ornamental Dingbats" }, { 0x01F680, 0x01F6FF, "Transport and Map Symbols" }, { 0x01F700, 0x01F77F, "Alchemical Symbols" }, { 0x01F780, 0x01F7FF, "Geometric Shapes Extended" }, { 0x01F800, 0x01F8FF, "Supplemental Arrows-C" }, { 0x01F900, 0x01F9FF, "Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs" }, { 0x01FA00, 0x01FA6F, "Chess Symbols" }, { 0x01FA70, 0x01FAFF, "Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A" }, { 0x01FB00, 0x01FBFF, "Symbols for Legacy Computing" }, { 0x020000, 0x02A6DF, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B" }, { 0x02A700, 0x02B73F, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C" }, { 0x02B740, 0x02B81F, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D" }, { 0x02B820, 0x02CEAF, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E" }, { 0x02CEB0, 0x02EBEF, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F" }, { 0x02F800, 0x02FA1F, "CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement" }, { 0x030000, 0x03134F, "CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G" }, { 0x0E0000, 0x0E007F, "Tags" }, { 0x0E0100, 0x0E01EF, "Variation Selectors Supplement" }, { 0x0F0000, 0x0FFFFF, "Supplementary Private Use Area-A" }, { 0x100000, 0x10FFFF, "Supplementary Private Use Area-B" }, } blocks.length = #blocks return blocks 7oi33en36hep2ly8kp6wljv296tw24y 828 11146 84217 2022-05-19T08:22:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana regions Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2022-03-02 return { ["AC"] = {"Ascension Island"}, ["AD"] = {"Andorra"}, ["AE"] = {"United Arab Emirates"}, ["AF"] = {"Afghanistan"}, ["AG"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda"}, ["AI"] = {"Anguilla"}, ["AL"] = {"Albania"}, ["AM"] = {"Armenia"}, ["AO"] = {"Angola"}, ["AQ"] = {"Antarctica"}, ["AR"] = {"Argentina"}, ["AS"] = {"American Samoa"}, ["AT"] = {"Austria"}, ["AU"] = {"Australia"}, ["AW"] = {"Aruba"}, ["AX"] = {"Åland Islands"}, ["AZ"] = {"Azerbaijan"}, ["BA"] = {"Bosnia and Herzegovina"}, ["BB"] = {"Barbados"}, ["BD"] = {"Bangladesh"}, ["BE"] = {"Belgium"}, ["BF"] = {"Burkina Faso"}, ["BG"] = {"Bulgaria"}, ["BH"] = {"Bahrain"}, ["BI"] = {"Burundi"}, ["BJ"] = {"Benin"}, ["BL"] = {"Saint Barthélemy"}, ["BM"] = {"Bermuda"}, ["BN"] = {"Brunei Darussalam"}, ["BO"] = {"Bolivia"}, ["BQ"] = {"Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba"}, ["BR"] = {"Brazil"}, ["BS"] = {"Bahamas"}, ["BT"] = {"Bhutan"}, ["BV"] = {"Bouvet Island"}, ["BW"] = {"Botswana"}, ["BY"] = {"Belarus"}, ["BZ"] = {"Belize"}, ["CA"] = {"Canada"}, ["CC"] = {"Cocos (Keeling) Islands"}, ["CD"] = {"The Democratic Republic of the Congo"}, ["CF"] = {"Central African Republic"}, ["CG"] = {"Congo"}, ["CH"] = {"Switzerland"}, ["CI"] = {"Côte d'Ivoire"}, ["CK"] = {"Cook Islands"}, ["CL"] = {"Chile"}, ["CM"] = {"Cameroon"}, ["CN"] = {"China"}, ["CO"] = {"Colombia"}, ["CP"] = {"Clipperton Island"}, ["CR"] = {"Costa Rica"}, ["CU"] = {"Cuba"}, ["CV"] = {"Cabo Verde", "Cape Verde"}, ["CW"] = {"Curaçao"}, ["CX"] = {"Christmas Island"}, ["CY"] = {"Cyprus"}, ["CZ"] = {"Czechia", "Czech Republic"}, ["DE"] = {"Germany"}, ["DG"] = {"Diego Garcia"}, ["DJ"] = {"Djibouti"}, ["DK"] = {"Denmark"}, ["DM"] = {"Dominica"}, ["DO"] = {"Dominican Republic"}, ["DZ"] = {"Algeria"}, ["EA"] = {"Ceuta, Melilla"}, ["EC"] = {"Ecuador"}, ["EE"] = {"Estonia"}, ["EG"] = {"Egypt"}, ["EH"] = {"Western Sahara"}, ["ER"] = {"Eritrea"}, ["ES"] = {"Spain"}, ["ET"] = {"Ethiopia"}, ["EU"] = {"European Union"}, ["EZ"] = {"Eurozone"}, ["FI"] = {"Finland"}, ["FJ"] = {"Fiji"}, ["FK"] = {"Falkland Islands (Malvinas)"}, ["FM"] = {"Federated States of Micronesia"}, ["FO"] = {"Faroe Islands"}, ["FR"] = {"France"}, ["GA"] = {"Gabon"}, ["GB"] = {"United Kingdom"}, ["GD"] = {"Grenada"}, ["GE"] = {"Georgia"}, ["GF"] = {"French Guiana"}, ["GG"] = {"Guernsey"}, ["GH"] = {"Ghana"}, ["GI"] = {"Gibraltar"}, ["GL"] = {"Greenland"}, ["GM"] = {"Gambia"}, ["GN"] = {"Guinea"}, ["GP"] = {"Guadeloupe"}, ["GQ"] = {"Equatorial Guinea"}, ["GR"] = {"Greece"}, ["GS"] = {"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands"}, ["GT"] = {"Guatemala"}, ["GU"] = {"Guam"}, ["GW"] = {"Guinea-Bissau"}, ["GY"] = {"Guyana"}, ["HK"] = {"Hong Kong"}, ["HM"] = {"Heard Island and McDonald Islands"}, ["HN"] = {"Honduras"}, ["HR"] = {"Croatia"}, ["HT"] = {"Haiti"}, ["HU"] = {"Hungary"}, ["IC"] = {"Canary Islands"}, ["ID"] = {"Indonesia"}, ["IE"] = {"Ireland"}, ["IL"] = {"Israel"}, ["IM"] = {"Isle of Man"}, ["IN"] = {"India"}, ["IO"] = {"British Indian Ocean Territory"}, ["IQ"] = {"Iraq"}, ["IR"] = {"Islamic Republic of Iran"}, ["IS"] = {"Iceland"}, ["IT"] = {"Italy"}, ["JE"] = {"Jersey"}, ["JM"] = {"Jamaica"}, ["JO"] = {"Jordan"}, ["JP"] = {"Japan"}, ["KE"] = {"Kenya"}, ["KG"] = {"Kyrgyzstan"}, ["KH"] = {"Cambodia"}, ["KI"] = {"Kiribati"}, ["KM"] = {"Comoros"}, ["KN"] = {"Saint Kitts and Nevis"}, ["KP"] = {"Democratic People's Republic of Korea"}, ["KR"] = {"Republic of Korea"}, ["KW"] = {"Kuwait"}, ["KY"] = {"Cayman Islands"}, ["KZ"] = {"Kazakhstan"}, ["LA"] = {"Lao People's Democratic Republic"}, ["LB"] = {"Lebanon"}, ["LC"] = {"Saint Lucia"}, ["LI"] = {"Liechtenstein"}, ["LK"] = {"Sri Lanka"}, ["LR"] = {"Liberia"}, ["LS"] = {"Lesotho"}, ["LT"] = {"Lithuania"}, ["LU"] = {"Luxembourg"}, ["LV"] = {"Latvia"}, ["LY"] = {"Libya"}, ["MA"] = {"Morocco"}, ["MC"] = {"Monaco"}, ["MD"] = {"Moldova"}, ["ME"] = {"Montenegro"}, ["MF"] = {"Saint Martin (French part)"}, ["MG"] = {"Madagascar"}, ["MH"] = {"Marshall Islands"}, ["MK"] = {"North Macedonia"}, ["ML"] = {"Mali"}, ["MM"] = {"Myanmar"}, ["MN"] = {"Mongolia"}, ["MO"] = {"Macao"}, ["MP"] = {"Northern Mariana Islands"}, ["MQ"] = {"Martinique"}, ["MR"] = {"Mauritania"}, ["MS"] = {"Montserrat"}, ["MT"] = {"Malta"}, ["MU"] = {"Mauritius"}, ["MV"] = {"Maldives"}, ["MW"] = {"Malawi"}, ["MX"] = {"Mexico"}, ["MY"] = {"Malaysia"}, ["MZ"] = {"Mozambique"}, ["NA"] = {"Namibia"}, ["NC"] = {"New Caledonia"}, ["NE"] = {"Niger"}, ["NF"] = {"Norfolk Island"}, ["NG"] = {"Nigeria"}, ["NI"] = {"Nicaragua"}, ["NL"] = {"Netherlands"}, ["NO"] = {"Norway"}, ["NP"] = {"Nepal"}, ["NR"] = {"Nauru"}, ["NU"] = {"Niue"}, ["NZ"] = {"New Zealand"}, ["OM"] = {"Oman"}, ["PA"] = {"Panama"}, ["PE"] = {"Peru"}, ["PF"] = {"French Polynesia"}, ["PG"] = {"Papua New Guinea"}, ["PH"] = {"Philippines"}, ["PK"] = {"Pakistan"}, ["PL"] = {"Poland"}, ["PM"] = {"Saint Pierre and Miquelon"}, ["PN"] = {"Pitcairn"}, ["PR"] = {"Puerto Rico"}, ["PS"] = {"State of Palestine"}, ["PT"] = {"Portugal"}, ["PW"] = {"Palau"}, ["PY"] = {"Paraguay"}, ["QA"] = {"Qatar"}, ["RE"] = {"Réunion"}, ["RO"] = {"Romania"}, ["RS"] = {"Serbia"}, ["RU"] = {"Russian Federation"}, ["RW"] = {"Rwanda"}, ["SA"] = {"Saudi Arabia"}, ["SB"] = {"Solomon Islands"}, ["SC"] = {"Seychelles"}, ["SD"] = {"Sudan"}, ["SE"] = {"Sweden"}, ["SG"] = {"Singapore"}, ["SH"] = {"Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha"}, ["SI"] = {"Slovenia"}, ["SJ"] = {"Svalbard and Jan Mayen"}, ["SK"] = {"Slovakia"}, ["SL"] = {"Sierra Leone"}, ["SM"] = {"San Marino"}, ["SN"] = {"Senegal"}, ["SO"] = {"Somalia"}, ["SR"] = {"Suriname"}, ["SS"] = {"South Sudan"}, ["ST"] = {"Sao Tome and Principe"}, ["SV"] = {"El Salvador"}, ["SX"] = {"Sint Maarten (Dutch part)"}, ["SY"] = {"Syrian Arab Republic"}, ["SZ"] = {"Eswatini", "eSwatini", "Swaziland"}, ["TA"] = {"Tristan da Cunha"}, ["TC"] = {"Turks and Caicos Islands"}, ["TD"] = {"Chad"}, ["TF"] = {"French Southern Territories"}, ["TG"] = {"Togo"}, ["TH"] = {"Thailand"}, ["TJ"] = {"Tajikistan"}, ["TK"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["TL"] = {"Timor-Leste"}, ["TM"] = {"Turkmenistan"}, ["TN"] = {"Tunisia"}, ["TO"] = {"Tonga"}, ["TR"] = {"Turkey"}, ["TT"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago"}, ["TV"] = {"Tuvalu"}, ["TW"] = {"Taiwan, Province of China"}, ["TZ"] = {"United Republic of Tanzania"}, ["UA"] = {"Ukraine"}, ["UG"] = {"Uganda"}, ["UM"] = {"United States Minor Outlying Islands"}, ["UN"] = {"United Nations"}, ["US"] = {"United States"}, ["UY"] = {"Uruguay"}, ["UZ"] = {"Uzbekistan"}, ["VA"] = {"Holy See (Vatican City State)"}, ["VC"] = {"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"}, ["VE"] = {"Venezuela"}, ["VG"] = {"British Virgin Islands"}, ["VI"] = {"U.S. Virgin Islands"}, ["VN"] = {"Viet Nam"}, ["VU"] = {"Vanuatu"}, ["WF"] = {"Wallis and Futuna"}, ["WS"] = {"Samoa"}, ["YE"] = {"Yemen"}, ["YT"] = {"Mayotte"}, ["ZA"] = {"South Africa"}, ["ZM"] = {"Zambia"}, ["ZW"] = {"Zimbabwe"}, ["001"] = {"World"}, ["002"] = {"Africa"}, ["003"] = {"North America"}, ["005"] = {"South America"}, ["009"] = {"Oceania"}, ["011"] = {"Western Africa"}, ["013"] = {"Central America"}, ["014"] = {"Eastern Africa"}, ["015"] = {"Northern Africa"}, ["017"] = {"Middle Africa"}, ["018"] = {"Southern Africa"}, ["019"] = {"Americas"}, ["021"] = {"Northern America"}, ["029"] = {"Caribbean"}, ["030"] = {"Eastern Asia"}, ["034"] = {"Southern Asia"}, ["035"] = {"South-Eastern Asia"}, ["039"] = {"Southern Europe"}, ["053"] = {"Australia and New Zealand"}, ["054"] = {"Melanesia"}, ["057"] = {"Micronesia"}, ["061"] = {"Polynesia"}, ["142"] = {"Asia"}, ["143"] = {"Central Asia"}, ["145"] = {"Western Asia"}, ["150"] = {"Europe"}, ["151"] = {"Eastern Europe"}, ["154"] = {"Northern Europe"}, ["155"] = {"Western Europe"}, ["202"] = {"Sub-Saharan Africa"}, ["419"] = {"Latin America and the Caribbean"} } 0v0v0ovapbarvggl2f4zbri8b1iyggi 828 11147 84218 2022-05-19T08:23:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana regions/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of an IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. The table in this module was created using the awb script at [[User:Trappist_the_monk/IANA_subtag_registry_file_update|IANA subtag registry file update]] or by [[Module:Language/data/iana languages/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run one of the tools on a new data file). The data in this table come from records that are not 'Deprecated', do not have a 'Preferred-Value', and are not 'Private use'. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 4n7epawfijhtzhng7vvyhyxyua9fiz1 828 11148 84219 2022-05-19T08:24:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unicode data/documentation functions Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local output_mt = {} function output_mt:insert(str) self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = str end function output_mt:insert_format(...) self:insert(string.format(...)) end output_mt.join = table.concat output_mt.__index = output_mt local function Output() return setmetatable({ n = 0 }, output_mt) end function p.show_modules() local output = Output() output:insert [[ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"' |+ Character name data modules,<br>organized by first three digits of codepoint in hexadecimal base]] for i = -1, 0xF do if i >= 0 then output:insert_format('\n! %X', i) else output:insert '\n!' end end output:insert '\n|-' local prev = -1 local row local found_module = false for i = 0, 0x10F do local first_two_digits = math.floor(i / 0x10) if first_two_digits ~= prev then if found_module then output:insert(row:join()) end found_module = false row = Output{} row:insert_format("\n|-\n! %02Xx", first_two_digits) prev = first_two_digits end row:insert '\n| ' local name_module = ('Module:Unicode data/names/%03X'):format(i) if mw.title.new(name_module).exists then local first_cp = i * 0x1000 row:insert_format("[[%s|U+%04X&ndash;<br>U+%04X]]", name_module, first_cp, first_cp + 0xFFF) found_module = true end end output:insert "\n|}" return output:join() end return p 9wef9cpe85shkwcxeymd3kw1mezv22y 828 11149 84220 2022-05-19T08:25:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana variants Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2022-03-02 return { ["1606nict"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Late Middle French (to 1606)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"frm"}, }, ["1694acad"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern French"}, ["prefixes"] = {"fr"}, }, ["1901"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Traditional German orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"de"}, }, ["1959acad"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"\"Academic\" (\"governmental\") variant of Belarusian as codified in 1959"}, ["prefixes"] = {"be"}, }, ["1994"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standardized Resian orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj", "sl-rozaj-biske", "sl-rozaj-njiva", "sl-rozaj-osojs", "sl-rozaj-solba"}, }, ["1996"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"German orthography of 1996"}, ["prefixes"] = {"de"}, }, ["abl1943"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Orthographic formulation of 1943 - Official in Brazil (Formulário Ortográfico de 1943 - Oficial no Brasil)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt-br"}, }, ["akuapem"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Akuapem Twi"}, ["prefixes"] = {"tw"}, }, ["alalc97"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"ALA-LC Romanization, 1997 edition"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["aluku"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Aluku dialect", "Boni dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["ao1990"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa de 1990)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt", "gl"}, }, ["aranes"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Aranese"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["arkaika"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Arcaicam Esperantom", "Arkaika Esperanto"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eo"}, }, ["asante"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Asante Twi", "Ashanti Twi"}, ["prefixes"] = {"tw"}, }, ["auvern"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Auvergnat"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["baku1926"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet (Historical)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"az", "ba", "crh", "kk", "krc", "ky", "sah", "tk", "tt", "uz"}, }, ["balanka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Balanka dialect of Anii"}, ["prefixes"] = {"blo"}, }, ["barla"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Barlavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kea"}, }, ["basiceng"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Basic English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["bauddha"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["biscayan"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Biscayan dialect of Basque"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eu"}, }, ["biske"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The San Giorgio dialect of Resian", "The Bila dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["bohoric"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Bohorič alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["boont"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Boontling"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["bornholm"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Bornholmsk"}, ["prefixes"] = {"da"}, }, ["cisaup"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Cisalpine"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["colb1945"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Portuguese-Brazilian Orthographic Convention of 1945 (Convenção Ortográfica Luso-Brasileira de 1945)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pt"}, }, ["cornu"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Cornu-English", "Cornish English", "Anglo-Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["creiss"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Occitan variants of the Croissant area"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["dajnko"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Dajnko alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["ekavsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ekavian pronunciation"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"}, }, ["emodeng"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Early Modern English (1500-1700)"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["fonipa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"International Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonkirsh"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Kirshenbaum Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonnapa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"North American Phonetic Alphabet", "Americanist Phonetic Notation"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonupa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["fonxsamp"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"X-SAMPA transcription"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["gallo"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Gallo"}, ["prefixes"] = {"fr"}, }, ["gascon"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Gascon"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["grclass"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Classical Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-aranes", "oc-auvern", "oc-cisaup", "oc-creiss", "oc-gascon", "oc-lemosin", "oc-lengadoc", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc", "oc-vivaraup"}, }, ["grital"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Italian-inspired Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-cisaup", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc"}, }, ["grmistr"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Mistralian or Mistralian-inspired Occitan orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc", "oc-aranes", "oc-auvern", "oc-cisaup", "oc-creiss", "oc-gascon", "oc-lemosin", "oc-lengadoc", "oc-nicard", "oc-provenc", "oc-vivaraup"}, }, ["hepburn"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Hepburn romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ja-latn"}, }, ["hognorsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Norwegian in Høgnorsk (High Norwegian) orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"nn"}, }, ["hsistemo"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard H-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eo"}, }, ["ijekavsk"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Serbian with Ijekavian pronunciation"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sr", "sr-latn", "sr-cyrl"}, }, ["itihasa"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Epic Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["ivanchov"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Bulgarian in 1899 orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"bg"}, }, ["jauer"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Jauer dialect of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["jyutping"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Jyutping Cantonese Romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"yue"}, }, ["kkcor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Common Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["kociewie"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Kociewie dialect of Polish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"pl"}, }, ["kscor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish", "Kernowek Standard"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["laukika"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Classical Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["lemosin"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Limousin"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["lengadoc"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Languedocien"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["lipaw"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Lipovaz dialect of Resian", "The Lipovec dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["luna1918"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Post-1917 Russian orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ru"}, }, ["metelko"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Slovene in Metelko alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["monoton"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Monotonic Greek"}, ["prefixes"] = {"el"}, }, ["ndyuka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Ndyuka dialect", "Aukan dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["nedis"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Natisone dialect", "Nadiza dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["newfound"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Newfoundland English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en-ca"}, }, ["nicard"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Niçard"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["njiva"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Gniva dialect of Resian", "The Njiva dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["nulik"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Volapük nulik", "Volapük perevidöl", "Volapük nulädik", "de Jong's Volapük", "New Volapük", "Revised Volapük", "Modern Volapük"}, ["prefixes"] = {"vo"}, }, ["osojs"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Oseacco dialect of Resian", "The Osojane dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["oxendict"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Oxford English Dictionary spelling"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["pahawh2"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Second Stage Reduced orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pahawh3"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Third Stage Reduced orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pahawh4"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pahawh Hmong Final Version orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"mww", "hnj"}, }, ["pamaka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pamaka dialect"}, ["prefixes"] = {"djk"}, }, ["peano"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Latino Sine Flexione", "Interlingua de API", "Interlingua de Peano"}, ["prefixes"] = {"la"}, }, ["petr1708"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Petrine orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ru"}, }, ["pinyin"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Pinyin romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn", "bo-latn"}, }, ["polyton"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Polytonic Greek"}, ["prefixes"] = {"el"}, }, ["provenc"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Provençal"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["puter"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Puter idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["rigik"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Volapük rigik", "Schleyer's Volapük", "Original Volapük", "Classic Volapük"}, ["prefixes"] = {"vo"}, }, ["rozaj"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Resian", "Resianic", "Rezijan"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl"}, }, ["rumgr"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Rumantsch Grischun"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["scotland"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Scottish Standard English"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["scouse"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Scouse"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en"}, }, ["simple"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Simplified form"}, ["prefixes"] = {}, }, ["solba"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Stolvizza dialect of Resian", "The Solbica dialect of Resian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sl-rozaj"}, }, ["sotav"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"The Sotavento dialect group of Kabuverdianu"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kea"}, }, ["spanglis"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Spanglish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en", "es"}, }, ["surmiran"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Surmiran idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["sursilv"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Sursilvan idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["sutsilv"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Sutsilvan idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["synnejyl"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Synnejysk", "South Jutish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"da"}, }, ["tarask"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Belarusian in Taraskievica orthography"}, ["prefixes"] = {"be"}, }, ["tongyong"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Tongyong Pinyin romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"}, }, ["tunumiit"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Tunumiisiut", "East Greenlandic", "Østgrønlandsk"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kl"}, }, ["uccor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["ucrcor"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unified Cornish Revised orthography of Revived Cornish"}, ["prefixes"] = {"kw"}, }, ["ulster"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Ulster dialect of Scots"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sco"}, }, ["unifon"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Unifon phonetic alphabet"}, ["prefixes"] = {"en", "hup", "kyh", "tol", "yur"}, }, ["vaidika"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vedic Sanskrit"}, ["prefixes"] = {"sa"}, }, ["valencia"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Valencian"}, ["prefixes"] = {"ca"}, }, ["vallader"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vallader idiom of Romansh"}, ["prefixes"] = {"rm"}, }, ["vecdruka"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Latvian orthography used before 1920s (\"vecā druka\")"}, ["prefixes"] = {"lv"}, }, ["vivaraup"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Vivaro-Alpine"}, ["prefixes"] = {"oc"}, }, ["wadegile"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Wade-Giles romanization"}, ["prefixes"] = {"zh-latn"}, }, ["xsistemo"] = { ["descriptions"] = {"Standard X-system orthographic fallback for spelling Esperanto"}, ["prefixes"] = {"eo"}, } } 5hcrlvqkg553eym8ibp2qqayixappxt 828 11150 84221 2022-05-19T08:25:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana variants/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of an IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. The table in this module was created using the awb script at [[User:Trappist_the_monk/IANA_subtag_registry_file_update|IANA subtag registry file update]] or by [[Module:Language/data/iana languages/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run one of the tools on a new data file). The data in this table come from records that are not 'Deprecated', do not have a 'Preferred-Value', and are not 'Private use'. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 4n7epawfijhtzhng7vvyhyxyua9fiz1 10 11151 84222 2022-05-19T08:25:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{unichar/main | hval ={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }} | hvalinput ={{{1|}}}<!--to use in errormessage--> | na ={{{2|}}} | ulink ={{{ulink|<#salted#>}}} | nlink ={{{nlink|<#salted#>}}} | image ={{{image|}}} | cwith ={{#if:{{{cwith|}}} | {{{cwith}}} | {{#if:{{{cwith}}} || &nbsp; }} }} | size ={{#if:{{{image|}}} | {{#if:{{#invoke:String|endswith|1={{lc:{{{size|}}}}}|2=px}}|{{{size}}}|10px}} | {{{size|{{#if:{{{cwith}}}|125%|150%}}}}} }} | use ={{lc:{{{use|unicode}}}}} | use2 ={{{use2|}}} | dval ={{hex2dec|{{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }}|no}} | html ={{#ifeq:{{{html|+}}}|{{{html|-}}}|yes|no}} | note ={{{note|}}} | gc ={{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{unichar/gc|{{hex2dec|{{{1|0}}}|no}}|hval={{unichar/hexformat|{{{1|<#salted#>}}} }} }} | <#not a Unicode code point#> }} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown={{main other|[[Category: Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |preview=[[Template:Unichar]] unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |showblankpositional=1 |1 |hval |2 |na |ulink |image |cwith |size |use |use2 |nlink |html |gc |note }}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hq66r83ije6oaj9gijhh9one5e7tzkw 10 11152 84223 2022-05-19T08:26:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template produces a formatted description of a [[Unicode]] character, to be used inline or otherwise with regular text. * <code>The character {{tlx|unichar|<nowiki>a9|COPYRIGHT SIGN</nowiki>}} is about intellectual property.</code> → *: The character {{unichar|a9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}} is about intellectual property. ==Usage== The <nowiki>{{unichar}}</nowiki> template takes the Unicode hexadecimal code point value and optionally the character name as input, like <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}}. This template produces a ''formatted description'' of a [[Unicode]] character, to be used ''in-line'' with regular text. It follows the standard Unicode presentation of a character, using the "U+" prefix for displaying the hex code point, followed by its glyph, then optionally by the character name, using Unicode's inline formatting recommendation. In running text such as the Unicode Standard, Wikipedia, or other rich-text environments, the character name is preferredly displayed in {{sc2|SMALL-CAPS STYLE}}. (The all-caps presentation is mainly designed for plain-text environments.) The hexadecimal value is required (e.g. A9), other input is optional. The actual glyph is rendered using a font that contains the character. This can be set to something more specific, e.g. to language- or [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]-specific fonts. To show the glyph, the font character can be overridden with an image. A wikilink to an article on the character or set of characters, and another to the article [[Unicode]] can be created. It is also possible to add (bracketed like this), the calculated decimal value, HTML character codes, and a custom note. Some special [[code point]]s are given extra care, like control and space characters. These are automatically detected by the <code>[[Template:unichar/gc|unichar/gc]]</code> sub-template. ===Examples=== * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9}} * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}} * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol}} * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol|note={{crossref|See also [[Copyleft]] symbol}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol|note={{crossref|See also [[Copyleft]] symbol}}}} * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol|html=}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol|html=}} * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|nlink=Copyright symbol}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|nlink=Copyright symbol}} – no name added to link to * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|030D|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|cwith=&amp;#9676;}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|030D|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|cwith=&#9676;}} – [[combining character|combine with]] a [[dotted circle]] ===Parameters=== The blank template, with all parameters, is as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang=xml> {{unichar | <!-- hex value, code point (do not add the "U+") --> | <!-- Unicode name --> | ulink = | image = | cwith = | size = | use = | use2 = | nlink = | html = | note = }} </syntaxhighlight> Inline version: <syntaxhighlight lang=xml> {{unichar| <!--hex value (do not add "U+")-->| <!--Unicode name -->|ulink= |image= |cwith= |size= |use= |use2= |nlink= |html= |note= }} </syntaxhighlight> * '''First unnamed parameter''' or '''1=''' Required. The hexadecimal value of the code point, e.g. {{code|00A9}}. *:''Notes'': The parameter accepts input like {{code|A9}}, {{code|a9}} and {{code|00A9}} as hexadecimal value. Decimal values are not detected being decimal, and will give unexpected results {{crossref|(see also {{section link||Possible errors}}, below)}}. * '''Second unnamed parameter''' or '''2=''' Optional. The Unicode name of the character. This is given in ALL-CAPS, and the template will re-render it in {{Smallcaps|SMALL-CAPS}}. This name may differ from the title of the corresponding Wikipedia article (see below: nlink=). * '''nlink=''' Optional wikilink. Name of the Wikipedia page that will be linked to. If used, the Unicode name (second parameter) has a wikilink to the article. *:''Notes'': The name of the page is case-sensitive as with all Wikipedia pages. The option "{{para|nlink|&lt;blank>}}" to link to the name as given is ''deprecated''. *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=Copyright symbol}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|00A9|Copyright sign|nlink=Copyright symbol}} * '''ulink''' Optional. Creates a wikilink from the <samp>U+</samp> prefix. When used without a name (i.e., {{para|ulink=}}, blank with no value), the article [[Unicode]] is used as the default value in the output: <samp><nowiki>[[Unicode|U+]]</nowiki></samp> producing [[Unicode|U+]]. This only needs to change if you have a reason to link elsewhere than [[Unicode]], e.g. to an article on a subset of Unicode characters. * '''html=''' Optional. Adds the HTML character reference to the text, like <samp>&amp;#160;</samp> in the bracketed note. If a ''named character reference'' exists, like <samp>"&amp;nbsp;"</samp>, that is added too. You do not need to add the values manually, just add {{para|html}}, blank. *'''use=''' Optional. Sets the font-hinting template to get the glyph, since the character may not be present in a regular browser font. Default is {{tlx|unicode}}, other options are {{tlx|IPA}}, {{tlx|lang}} and {{tlx|script}}. *'''use2=''' Optional. When setting {{para|use|lang}} or {{para|use|script}}, {{para|use2}} should be used to set the language (e.g. {{para|use2|fr}}) or the script (e.g. {{para|use2|Cyrs}}). A glyph may still not show as expected due to browser effects. For a detailed description, see each template's documentation. *: <code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=|use=script|use2=Cyrs}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=|use=script|use2=Cyrs}} * '''image=''' Optional. Allows for a graphic image file to represent the glyph; overrides the font completely. The filename should include the extension (like <samp>.svg</samp> or <samp>.png</samp>), but {{em|not}} the prefix <samp>File:</samp>. * '''cwith=''' Optional. Useful when the Unicode character is {{em|combining}}. Using {{para|cwith}} adds a space before the character, allowing the combining effect. So when used with a character like {{para|cwith|a}}, the character will be combined with the letter "a". In Unicode, a general glyph used to place a combined character is {{unichar|25CC|DOTTED CIRCLE|html=}}. *: without {{para|cwith}}: *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA}} *: {{para|cwith}} without parameter: *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=}} *: {{para|cwith}} with dotted circle: *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=&amp;#9676;}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0485|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|cwith=&#9676;}} * '''size=''' Optional. Can be used to set the size ''of the glyph''. The default value is <samp>125%</samp>. For the font, all CSS font-size style inputs are accepted: <kbd>7px</kbd>, <kbd>150%</kbd>, <kbd>2em</kbd>, <kbd>larger</kbd>. *:<code><nowiki>{{unichar|0041|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|size=2em}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{unichar|0041|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|size=2em}} *: When using an ''image'' (file) instead of a font, this size can only accept sizes in <samp>px</samp> like <kbd>12px</kbd>. Default for images is <samp>10px</samp>. <pre> {{unichar | A9 | COPYRIGHT SIGN | ulink = Universal Character Set characters | image = | size = 150% | nlink = Copyright symbol | note = Example }} </pre> Produces: * {{unichar | A9 | COPYRIGHT SIGN | ulink = Universal Character Set characters | image = | size = 150% | nlink = Copyright symbol | note = Example }} ===Presentation effects=== Since this template is aimed at presenting a ''formatted, inline description'', some effects are introduced to sustain this target. * '''Showing space characters''': All space characters (those with [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]]: Zs) are presented with a light-blue background, to show their actual presence and width: <code>{{unichar|00A0|No-break space|nlink=NBSP}}</code>. *:Incidentally, the regular space {{background color|#CEEEF2|&nbsp;}} is replaced with <code>&amp;#00A0;</code> (NBSP) to prevent wiki-markup deleting it as repeated spaces. * '''Removing formatting characters''': Formatting characters (those with [[Unicode_character_property#General_Category|General Category]]: Cf, Zl and Zp) are removed from the output. By definition, formatting characters have no glyph. By removing them they cannot have a formatting effect. *:Exception: five Arabic Cf/formatting number markings U+0600..U+0603 and U+60DD, are shown. While Cf formatting characters usually have no glyph, these five have. By internally adding "(visible)" to the category, these characters are shown. *'''Removing whitespace''': The template removes formatting code and surrounding whitespace from the input. A &lt;Return&gt; in the Name-input (possibly unintended) would frustrate the in-line behaviour expectation. * '''Showing a label like &lt;control-0007&gt;''': Unicode states that a code point has ''[[Unicode character property#General Category|no name]]'' when it is one of these: a control character, a private use character, a surrogate, a not assigned code point (reserved), or a non-character. These code points instead should be referred to by using a "Code Point Label", such as &lt;private-use&gt; or &lt;private-use-E000>. In this situation, this template ''replaces'' the glyph with that label. This way, the correct presentation wins it over Unicode-usage to the letter of the law. * "Control" general category=Cc: <code>&lt;control&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;control-''0007''&gt;</code> * "Surrogate" general category=Cs: <code>&lt;surrogate&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;surrogate-''D800''&gt;</code> * "Private Use": general category=Co: <code>&lt;private-use&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;private-use-''FFA0''&gt;</code> * "Not a character" (minus the reserved code points, see below): general category=Cn: <code>&lt;not-a-character&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;non-character&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;not-a-character-''FFA0''&gt;</code> The second parameter (Unicode name) is not presented, since it cannot exist. It is possible to create a link to an article. *''Note'': A &lt;reserved> (unassigned) code point cannot be detected yet, and so is not presented with this label. These code points too are given Cn category. *:(Background on <>-labels: A Name can never have <>-brackets at all. These rules prevent mixing up a name with an actual control-character. So it will not happen that a [[Bell character|bell]] rings when a page is opened that contains a Name of U+0007). ==Possible errors== * The template produces an {{error|Error-message|tag=span}} when {{para|1}} (or first unnamed parameter), the hex value, is missing, empty, or invalid. * <code><nowiki>{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=}}</nowiki></code> → {{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|nlink=}} – wikilink target "[[COPYRIGHT SIGN]]" is not an existing article. * A non-hexadecimal input like {{!mxt|00G9}} produces an error (because {{!mxt|G}} or {{!mxt|g}} is not hexadecimal). * Do not add the {{!mxt|U+}} prefix, as in {{!mxt|U+00A9}}. It will not be recognised. * If the template {{em|only}} shows the code point number, like <samp>2038</samp>, you're probably using the wrong template, {{tlx|unicode}}, instead of {{tlx|unichar}}. * The glyph may be overruled and changed into a {{em|label}} like <samp>&lt;control-0007&gt;</samp>. These characters have no Unicode name. An {{para|nlink}} will be directly to the article (entered in a form like {{para|nlink|Bell signal}}). A blank value of just {{para|nlink=}} cannot work for <samp>&lt;{{var|label}}-{{var|hhhh}}&gt;</samp> characters (there is no character name at all to make into a link). This produces an error. * A decimal-value input like {{para|1|98}} will be read as being hexadecimal value <samp>0098</samp>. There is {{em|no way}} that the template can detect you intended to enter <kbd>98<sub>10</sub>=62<sub>16</sub></kbd>. No warning is issued, and the wrong character, <samp>U+0098<sub>16</sub></samp>, will be shown ({{em|not}} <samp>U+0062</samp>). ==Tracking== * {{clc|Category:Pages using Unichar with unknown parameters}} ==Technical notes== The string "unichar" is used only in English Wikipedia, as a name for this template. It has no meaning outside this context.<br/> The template uses these subtemplates: * {{tl|unichar/main}} Accepts all the input from {{tlx|unichar}}. Calls several subtemplates to produce the textstrings, and then strings them together. Also checks for the error non-hex input. * {{tl|unichar/ulink}} Creates a piped link for the <samp>U+</samp> prefix. * {{tl|unichar/gc}} Determines the Unicode general category, when this category is special (like, for control characters). * {{tl|unichar/glyph}} For rendering the glyph by font. Accepts {{para|image}}, which overrides the font. Also processes {{para|use}}, {{para|use2}}, {{para|size}}, {{para|cwith}}. * {{tl|unichar/name}} Produces the formatted name of the character in {{Smallcaps|smallcaps}}. Accepts the {{para|nlink}} to create a piped wikilink to an article. When the [[Unicode character property#General Category|general category]] (gc) is special, the name will change into a <samp>&lt;{{var|label}}-{{var|hhhh}}&gt;</samp>. * {{tl|unichar/notes}} Shows notes in parentheses (round brackets): <samp>HTML</samp> (from {{para|html}} named entity like <samp>&amp;nbsp;</samp> if that exists, using {{tlx|numcr2namecr}}); and the free-text {{para|note}}. * Using the main template as an easy-input feature, there are few calculations done (actually only two hex2dec), and allows for adding default values not too deep in the templates. * The value <code>&lt;#salted#&gt;</code> is used internally to pass through a non-defined input parameter. This value is correct when about the Unicode name, because it cannot have the characters <##>, and so [[Salting the earth|salted]] is the right word (meaning uninhibitable). For ease of code maintenance, it is used in various places in the code. * Named entities for {{unichar|22C1|N-ARY LOGICAL OR}}: <code><nowiki>{{#</nowiki>invoke:[[:Module:LoadData|LoadData]]|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}}</code> &rarr; {{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}} ====Issues==== * Unassigned code points, to be labelled &lt;reserved&gt;, cannot be detected. * When using {{para|use-script}}, then {{para|use2}} needs lowercase (e.g. 0485, Cyrs or cyrs){{clarify|date=December 2017|reason=This makes no sense. Numerals have no case, and "Cyrs" is not lowercase but mixed-case.}} * When using for one of the RTL formatting marks, its effect may break out of the template (text following the template goes RTL, too). As it is now, this requires extra code. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} {{cot|Template data|bg=lightgrey}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "hval" ], "label": "Hex value", "description": "Hexadecimal unicode codepoint", "example": "031A", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "aliases": [ "na" ], "label": "Character name", "description": "If provided, shows Unicode character name", "example": "COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "ulink": { "example": "Phonetic symbols in Unicode", "type": "line" }, "image": {}, "cwith": { "type": "string" }, "size": { "description": "Relative size of rendered character", "example": "200%", "type": "string" }, "use": { "type": "string" }, "use2": { "type": "string" }, "nlink": { "type": "string" }, "note": { "type": "line" }, "html": { "label": "HTML code", "description": "When present, shows HTML named entity", "example": "html= shows \"&copy;\"", "type": "string" } }, "description": "Formats a Unicode character description inline.", "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "ulink", "nlink", "cwith", "size", "image", "use", "use2", "html", "note" ] } </templatedata> {{cob}} ==See also== * This template uses: [[:Module:Numcr2namecr]] -- "[[List of XML and HTML character entity references|named character reference]]". Returns the named entity for decimal-to-mnemonic: :::{{mono|1=U+00A9}} &rarr; {{mono|1=169<sub>dec</sub>}} &rarr; {{mono|&amp;copy;}} <small>(as literal code, not the character)</small> * {{Tl|Emoji}} ===External research links=== Useful links for researching Unicode characters: * [http://unicode.org/charts/ Unicode.org] charts in PDF format, showing the U+ hex values. * [https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/search.htm Fileformat.info search], to search by ''name'' (whole or partial), by U+ ''hex value'' or ''decimal value'', or by the font ''symbol'' (copy-paste it). Extra information provided per character. One character only. * [http://www.branah.com/unicode-converter branah.com's] a multi-character Unicode converter. * Unicode properties overview, e.g comma U+002C: [http://unicode.org/cldr/utility/character.jsp?a=002C] <includeonly>{{sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Unichar|[[Category:Unicode character templates]]}} }}</includeonly> {{Unicode templates}} 23kl0yn2k1ima7g0rur67zuu0z6h9g9 10 11153 84224 2022-05-19T08:26:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mono wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Mono/styles.css" />}}<span class="monospaced">{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> eyigcpktddtgno85j4vajm121b6hlip 10 11154 84225 2022-05-19T08:26:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mono/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{tlr|clear=right|monospace}}{{tsh|clear=right|tt|ttt}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-semicolon]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles |Template:Mono/styles.css}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{-}} == Usage == {{tlx|mono|<var>text to format here</var>}} renders as: {{mono|text to format here}} This template is for formatting short bits of content (the only parameter) as monospaced (nonproportional) text. It is simply a quick shorthand for the necessary [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] code. It is a replacement for {{tag|tt}}, which is an obsolete element under HTML5. ([http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/obsolete.html#non-conforming-features Non-conforming features]) This template ''should'' be used where the content is being rendered in monospaced text for purely stylistic/display reasons, where this display has no particular semantic significance. It ''should not'' be used to indicate source code, nor for variables or variable input (use {{tl|code}} or {{tag|code}} for code and {{tl|var}} or {{tag|var}} for variables). For keyboard or sample output, use {{tag|kbd}} or {{tag|samp}} respectively. It ''cannot'' be used to mark up multiple paragraphs, sections or other block elements, as it uses {{tag|span|o}}, which is an inline element. See {{tl|monodiv}} and {{tl|pre}} for a <code>&lt;div&gt;</code>-based block version. Or, multiple instances of {{tl|Mono}} can be invoked. When the content ends with a single closing curly brace (<code><nowiki>}</nowiki></code>), the content should be followed by <code><nowiki>&lt;nowiki/&gt;</nowiki></code>, for example, to mark up <code><nowiki>{foo}</nowiki></code>, use {{tlc|mono|<nowiki>{foo}&lt;nowiki/&gt;</nowiki>}} or {{tlc|mono|<nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;{foo}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki>}}. If the content contains pipe characters (<code>|</code>) not surrounded by {{tag|nowiki}}, they must be escaped with <code>&amp;#124;</code> or <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>. === Parameters === There are two parameters: ;{{para|1}} or unnamed : The content to format as monospaced. If the content contains a <code>=</code> character, the parameter must be numbered or the template will break. (The parameter does not need to be numbered if the <code>=</code> character is surrounded by {{tag|nowiki}}, or if it is escaped as <code>&amp;#61;</code>.) For backward compatibility with an old, merged-in template, this parameter can also be called {{para|2}}. ;{{para|needs_review|yes}} : Used (e.g. by [[WP:Bot|bots]] or [[WP:AWB|AWB]] scripts) to indicate replacement of now-obsolete {{tag|tt}} markup with {{tnull|mono|...}} markup. This template displays nothing and presently does no categorization, though a cleanup category can be created if necessary. It indicates that the markup may need to be changed to something more semantically meaningful, such as {{tag|code}}, {{tag|samp}}, or {{tag|kbd}}. == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "description": "This template is for formatting short bits of content as monospaced text.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "2" ], "label": "Content", "description": "The content to format as monospaced.", "required": true, "type": "line" }, "needs_review": { "label": "Needs Review?", "description": "Used (e.g. by [[WP:Bot|bots]] or [[WP:AWB|AWB]] scripts) to indicate replacement of now-obsolete <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;tt&gt;...&lt;/tt&gt;</code><!--nostrip--> markup with <code><!--nostrip-->{{mono|...}}</code><!--nostrip--> markup. This template displays nothing and presently does no categorization, though a cleanup category can be created if necessary. It indicates that the markup may need to be changed to something more semantically meaningful, such as <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->, <code><!--nostrip-->&lt;samp&gt;...&lt;/samp&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->, or&nbsp;<code><!--nostrip-->&lt;kbd&gt;...&lt;/kbd&gt;</code><!--nostrip-->.", "autovalue": "yes", "type": "boolean" } } } </templatedata>}} == See also == * {{tl|pre}} * {{tl|code}} * {{tl|kbd}} * {{tl|samp}} * {{tl|var}} * {{tl|param value}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> tkt314c5ik10si5p9cfqd3uro0l5zm4 828 11155 84226 2022-05-19T08:27:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2022-03-02 return { ["Arab"] = {"ar", "fa", "ps", "ur"}, ["Armn"] = {"hy"}, ["Beng"] = {"as", "bn"}, ["Blis"] = {"zbl"}, ["Cyrl"] = {"ab", "be", "bg", "kk", "mk", "ru", "uk"}, ["Deva"] = {"hi", "mr", "ne", "kok", "mai"}, ["Ethi"] = {"am", "ti"}, ["Geor"] = {"ka"}, ["Grek"] = {"el"}, ["Gujr"] = {"gu"}, ["Guru"] = {"pa"}, ["Hebr"] = {"he", "iw", "yi"}, ["Jpan"] = {"ja"}, ["Khmr"] = {"km"}, ["Knda"] = {"kn"}, ["Kore"] = {"ko"}, ["Laoo"] = {"lo"}, ["Latn"] = {"af", "ay", "bs", "ca", "ch", "cs", "cy", "da", "de", "en", "eo", "es", "et", "eu", "fi", "fj", "fo", "fr", "fy", "ga", "gl", "gn", "gv", "hr", "ht", "hu", "id", "in", "is", "it", "kl", "la", "lb", "ln", "lt", "lv", "mg", "mh", "mo", "ms", "mt", "na", "nb", "nd", "nl", "nn", "no", "nr", "ny", "om", "pl", "pt", "qu", "rm", "rn", "ro", "rw", "sg", "sk", "sl", "sm", "so", "sq", "ss", "st", "sv", "sw", "tl", "tn", "to", "tr", "ts", "ve", "vi", "xh", "zu", "dsb", "frr", "frs", "gsw", "hsb", "men", "nds", "niu", "nso", "tem", "tkl", "tmh", "tpi", "tvl"}, ["Mlym"] = {"ml"}, ["Mymr"] = {"my"}, ["Nkoo"] = {"nqo"}, ["Orya"] = {"or"}, ["Sinh"] = {"si"}, ["Taml"] = {"ta"}, ["Telu"] = {"te"}, ["Thaa"] = {"dv"}, ["Thai"] = {"th"}, ["Tibt"] = {"dz"} } odkm1h8rz17ymkehfhi5w6fftyxme8p 828 11156 84227 2022-05-19T08:27:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of an IANA [https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry language-subtag-registry file]. The table in this module was created using the awb script at [[User:Trappist_the_monk/IANA_subtag_registry_file_update|IANA subtag registry file update]] or by [[Module:Language/data/iana languages/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run one of the tools on a new data file). The data in this table come from records that are not 'Deprecated', do not have a 'Preferred-Value', and are not 'Private use'. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 4n7epawfijhtzhng7vvyhyxyua9fiz1 10 11157 84228 2022-05-19T08:28:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hex2dec wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke: BaseConvert | convert | n={{{1}}} | base=10 | from=16 | default={{{default|0}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> rkxh58qr2xmpmnap3qbh79h5bpmvwk2 10 11158 84229 2022-05-19T08:28:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hex2dec/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:BaseConvert}} === Usage === *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0x0000}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0x0000}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xA0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0xA0}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0x7C0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0x7C0}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xFFFF}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0xFFFF}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0x845FED}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0x845FED}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0x75BCD15}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0x75BCD15}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xDEADBEEF}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0xDEADBEEF}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xFFFFFFFF}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0xFFFFFFFF}}</code> ;Input formats Input with or without '''0x''' prefix: *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xa0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0xa0}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|a0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|a0}}</code> Uppercase and lowercase accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|A0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|0x00A0}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|a0}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|A0}}</code> ;Not a number input *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xAXYZ}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|XYZ}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|0xA B}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|}}</code> *<code><nowiki>{{hex2dec|A B}}</nowiki> → {{hex2dec|}}</code> === See also === * {{tl|hexadecimal}} {{Math templates|numeral systems}}<includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Numerical conversion templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> dwlo2vt4megb0odv7zdf3ryko5r3q2v 828 11159 84230 2022-05-19T08:28:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:BaseConvert Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local digits = '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' local function normalizeFullWidthChars(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '[！-～]', function(s) return mw.ustring.char(mw.ustring.codepoint(s, 1) - 0xFEE0) end) end local function _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix) n = tostring(n) -- strip off any leading '0x' (unless x is a valid digit in the input base) from = tonumber(from) if not from or from < 34 then local c n, c = n:gsub('^(-?)0[Xx]', '%1') if c > 0 and not from then from = 16 end end -- check for a negative sign. Do this while the input is still in string form, -- because tonumber doesn't support negative numbers in non-10 bases. local sign = '' local c n, c = n:gsub('^-', '') if c > 0 then sign = '-' end -- replace any full-width Unicode characters in the string with their ASCII equivalents n = normalizeFullWidthChars(n) -- handle scientific notation with whitespace around the 'e' e.g. '5 e7' n = n:gsub('%s*[eE]%s*', 'e') from = from or 10 local num = tonumber(n, from) base = tonumber(base) precision = tonumber(precision) width = tonumber(width) if not num or not base then return default or n end local i, f = math.modf(num) local t = {} repeat local d = (i % base) + 1 i = math.floor(i / base) table.insert(t, 1, digits:sub(d, d)) until i == 0 while #t < (width or 0) do table.insert(t, 1, '0') end local intPart = table.concat(t, '') -- compute the fractional part local tf = {} while f > 0 and #tf < (precision or 10) do f = f * base i, f = math.modf(f) table.insert(tf, digits:sub(i + 1, i + 1)) end -- add trailing zeros if needed if precision and #tf < precision then for i = 1, precision - #tf do table.insert(tf, '0') end end local fracPart = table.concat(tf, '') -- remove trailing zeros if not needed if not precision then fracPart = fracPart:gsub('0*$', '') end -- add the radix point if needed if #fracPart > 0 then fracPart = '.' .. fracPart end return (prefix or '') .. sign .. intPart .. fracPart .. (suffix or '') end function p.convert(frame) -- Allow for invocation via #invoke or directly from another module local args if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then args = frame.args else args = frame end local n = args.n local base = args.base local from = args.from local precision = args.precision local width = args.width local default = args.default local prefix = args.prefix local suffix = args.suffix return _convert(n, base, from, precision, width, default, prefix, suffix) end setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k) local from, base = k:match('^([0-9]+)to([0-9]+)$') if not from then return nil end return function(frame) local args = frame.args return _convert(mw.text.trim(args[1]), base, from, args.precision, args.width, args.default, args.prefix, args.suffix) end end }) return p pittardebat8getcpz6hwvf6a7wspqr 828 11160 84231 2022-05-19T08:29:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:BaseConvert/doc wikitext text/x-wiki Converts numbers to a specified base between 2 and 36, for use in templates such as {{tl|binary}}, {{tl|octal}}, {{tl|hexadecimal}}, etc. ==Usage== <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local BaseConvert = require('Module:BaseConvert') BaseConvert.convert({n = 14600926, base = 16}) -- returns 'DECADE' </syntaxhighlight> Arguments: *'''n''' - (required) the number to be converted, as a string. It may be a number instead, if the input base is 10. *'''base''' - (required) the base to which the number should be converted. May be between 2 and 36, inclusive. *'''from''' - the base of the input. Defaults to 10 (or 16 if the input has a leading '0x'). Note that bases other than 10 are not supported if the input has a fractional part. *'''precision''' - number of digits to be rendered after the radix point. Trailing zeros will be added if needed. If not specified, however many digits are needed will be shown, up to 10. *'''width''' - minimum number of digits to be rendered before the radix point. Leading zeros will be added if needed. *'''default''' - Value to return if n is empty or non-numeric. Defaults to the value of n. *'''prefix''' / '''suffix''' - wikitext to add before/after the returned result. Will not be added if n is empty or non-numeric. For example, you might use a prefix of <code>0x</code> when converting to hex, or a suffix of <code><nowiki><sub>8</sub></nowiki></code> when converting to octal. ===From templates=== In wikimarkup, this module may be called with a function name <code>''n''to''m''</code>, e.g.: {{Markup |<nowiki>{{#invoke:BaseConvert|16to10| FF }}</nowiki>|{{#invoke:BaseConvert|16to10| FF }} |<nowiki>{{#invoke:BaseConvert|10to36|500}}</nowiki>|{{#invoke:BaseConvert|10to36|500}} |<nowiki>{{#invoke:BaseConvert|10to16|Foo|default=0}}</nowiki>|{{#invoke:BaseConvert|10to16|Foo|default=0}}}} All options above are supported, excluding {{para|base}}, {{para|from}} and {{para|n}} which are set by the mandatory options. You may also call <code>convert</code> which is near-identical to the Lua form above. {{Math templates}} <includeonly>[[Category:Wikipedia utility modules]]</includeonly> l9eq6wnlpaptc2tddfgv2ey61lvu03q 10 11161 84232 2022-05-19T08:29:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Math templates wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- This template uses British English. --> {{Navbox with collapsible groups | name = Math templates | state = {{{state|expanded}}} | bodyclass = plainlist | title = Math templates | liststyle = font-size:110%;<!--(as some templates' descriptions include links)--> | selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} <!-------------- Functions / Numeral systems --------------> | abbr1 = FN | group1 = {{hlist|Functions|Numeral systems}} | state1 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | list1 = {{Navbox |child |listclass=hlist | group1 = Functions | list1 = *{{tlbare|elementary arithmetic}} *{{tlbare|precision}} *{{tlbare|val}}&nbsp;(value) | group2 = Numeral systems | list2 = *{{ml|BaseConvert|''X''to''Y''}} *{{tlbare|binary}} *{{tlbare|decimal2Base}} *{{tlbare|hex2dec}} *{{tlbare|hexadecimal}} *{{tlbare|octal}} *{{tlbare|quaternary}} *{{tlbare|quinary}} *{{tlbare|rn}} *{{tlbare|roman}} *{{tlbare|senary}} *{{tlbare|ternary}} *{{tlbare|vigesimal}} }} <!---------------------- Conversions ----------------------> | abbr2 = conversions | group2 = Conversions | state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | list2 = {{Aligned table |style=margin:0 auto 0;text-align:left; | {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2.5em; |col1style=text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=font-size:90%;<!--(see liststyle above)--> vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.3em;font-style:italic; | {{tlbare|convert}} | many units (see: [[Template:Convert/list_of_units |list]]) | {{tlbare|cvt}} | abbreviated {{tl|convert}} | {{tlbare|convinfobox}} | {{tl|convert}} for infoboxes | {{tlbare|bbl to t}} | barrels of oil to tonnes | {{tlbare|long ton}} | long hundredweights, quarters and pounds to kilograms;<br/>long tons and hundredweights to pounds and metric tons | {{tlbare|miles-chains}} | miles and chains to kilometres linking "chains" }} | {{Aligned table |col1style=text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=font-size:90%;<!--(as above)--> vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.3em;font-style:italic; | {{tlbare|decdeg}} | degrees, minutes, and seconds to [[decimal degrees]] | {{tlbare|deg2DMS|deg2dms}} | decimal degrees to degrees, minutes, and seconds | {{tlbare|deg2HMS|deg2hms}} | decimal degrees to [[hour angle]] (in hours, minutes, and seconds) | {{tlbare|HMS2Deg|hms2deg}} | [[hour angle]] (in hours, minutes, and seconds) to decimal degrees | {{tlbare|inflation}} | calculate inflation of Consumer Price Index-related prices | {{tlbare|pop density}} | population density in an area | {{tlbare|track gauge}} | railway track gauges }} }} <!----------------------- Notation & formatting ------------------------> | group3 = Notation and {{Category link|Mathematical formatting templates|formatting}} | abbr3 = notation | state3 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | list3 = {{Aligned table |style=margin:0 auto 0;text-align:left; | {{Aligned table |style=padding-right:2.5em; |col1style=text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=font-size:90%;<!--(as above)--> vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.3em;font-style:italic; | {{tlbare|bigmath}} | bigger font to match {{noitalic|[[TeX]]}} {{noitalic|<samp><nowiki>\</nowiki>displaystyle</samp>}} (standalone formulas only) | {{hlist|{{tlbare|bra-ket}}|{{tlbare|braket}}|{{tlbare|bra}}|{{tlbare|ket}}}} | [[bra–ket notation]] | {{tlbare|ceil}}, {{tlbare|floor}} | calculations [[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##expr|:mw:Help:#expr]]; formatting indicators {{noitalic|1={{ceil|3.14}}}}, {{noitalic|1={{floor|3.14}}}} (no calculation performed) | {{tlbare|frac}} | slant fractions {{frac|3|5}} (not for maths/science articles; use ''standing'' or upright fractions {{noitalic|{{tlx|sfrac}}}} instead) | {{tlbare|intmath}} | [[integral symbol]]s | {{hlist|{{tlbare|langle}}|{{tlbare|rangle}}|{{tlbare|Angle bracket|angbr}}}} | [[Bracket#Angular brackets|angular bracket]]s | {{hlist|{{tlbare|ldelim}}|{{tlbare|rdelim}}}} | multiline delimiters (2–5 lines inclusive) | {{tlbare|abs}} | absolute values (paired vertical lines) | {{tlbare|math}} | short text-based formulas | {{tlbare|mathcal}} | [mathematical] calligraphic font; alternative to {{noitalic|[[LaTeX]]}} {{noitalic|<samp><nowiki>\</nowiki>mathcal{...}</samp>}} }} | {{Aligned table |col1style=text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=font-size:90%;<!--(as above)--> vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.3em;font-style:italic; | {{tlbare|mvar}} | individual italicized maths variables in normal text | {{hlist|{{tlbare|overline}}|{{tlbare|underline}}}} | a line set above/below a sequence of characters | {{tlbare|overarc}} | an arc set above a sequence of characters | {{hlist|{{tlbare|overset}}|{{tlbare|underset}}}} | arbitrary characters/diacritics set above/below one another | {{tlbare|pars}} | parentheses that can be resized {{noitalic|1={{math|{{pars|s=150|{{large|∑}}}}}}}} | {{tlbare|sfrac}} | “standing” or upright fractions {{sfrac|3|5}} (use in maths/science articles instead of{{noitalic|{{tlx|frac}}}}) | {{hlist|{{tlbare|sub}}|{{tlbare|sup}}|{{tlbare|su}}}} | subscripts and superscripts |style7.1=vertical-align:middle;text-align:right;padding-right:1.0em;| {{tlbare|tmath}} | Wrap {{noitalic|[[TeX]]}} in {{noitalic|<nowiki><math></nowiki>}} tags | {{tlbare|tombstone}} | symbol indicating the [[Tombstone (typography)|end of a proof]] | {{tlbare|val}} | measurement values, uncertainties and units | {{tlbare|vec}} | various overarrows, underarrows, etc.<!--pointing left, right or both ways--> }} }} <!---------------- Boxes / Tags / Notices -----------------> | abbr4 = BTN | group4 = {{hlist|Boxes|Tags|Notices}} | state4 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> | list4 = {{Navbox with columns |child |colstyle=text-align:center; | col1header = Boxes | col1 = {{startflatlist}} *{{tlbare|calculation results}} *{{tlbare|calculus}} *{{tlbare|Infobox mathematics function}} *{{tlbare|functions}} {{endflatlist}} | col2header = Tags | col2 = {{startflatlist}} *{{tlbare|metricate}} *{{tlbare|undue precision}} *{{tlbare|units attention}} {{endflatlist}} }} | below = {{icon|Category}} {{c|Mathematics templates|Category}}{{dot}}[[:Module:Math]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 19psajoujbs47z8qbfqb2a0cjc0igw1 10 11162 84233 2022-05-19T08:30:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Math templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> ===Usage=== This template is intended to provide a consistent "See also" for math templates. {{Collapsible option |default=expanded}} {{Collapsible sections option |list = {{hlist |FN |conversions |notation |BTN}} |example = FN }} {{Math templates|FN}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematics navigational boxes| ]] [[Category:Related-topic templates]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> gq1i08x44i7508t8qstbvwp0a9eadks 10 11163 84234 2022-05-19T08:30:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox with collapsible groups wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navbox with collapsible groups|navbox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> j6qvvjumurmy6l2o9ffi0l26l7qqwy6 10 11164 84235 2022-05-19T08:30:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox with collapsible groups/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk| 109000 }} {{lua|Module:Navbox with collapsible groups}} <includeonly>{{Template display|nomobile}}</includeonly> {{Navbox suite}} {{Collapsible templates}} This template produces a [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigation template]] that has groups of relevant articles on a certain topic. All groups are hidden by default. However, with a parameter call, an individual group can be shown that has the other articles in the same group. == Usage == Please remove the parameters that are left blank. The template currently supports up to 20 groups/lists but more can be added if needed. You should use a minimum of two groups/lists; otherwise, use {{tl|Navbox}} instead. <pre> {{Navbox with collapsible groups | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|}}} | selected = {{{selected|{{{1|}}}}}} | above = | image = | abbr1 = | group1 = | list1 = | abbr2 = | group2 = | list2 = <!--[etc, to:]--> | abbr20 = | group20 = | list20 = }} </pre> == Parameters == This template shares many common parameters with its sister templates {{tl|Navbox}} and {{tl|Navbox with columns}}. The common parameters are marked with a cross<sup>'''†'''</sup>. Please refer to the documentation of {{tl|Navbox}} for more in depth descriptions and examples of those parameters. ===Setup parameters=== :;name<sup>†</sup> ::The name of the template. The name of this template, for example, is "Navbox with collapsible groups". :; ''state''<sup>†</sup> <span style="font-weight:normal;">[<code>uncollapsed, collapsed, plain, off</code>]</span> ::The initial state of the show/hide feature for the main title. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information. Does not affect display or hiding of group items, see ''state<sub>n</sub>'', below. :;''navbar''<sup>†</sup> ::Possible values are <code>plain</code>, <code>off</code>, and the default value of blank. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information. :;''border''<sup>†</sup> ::Possible values are <code>child</code>, <code>none</code>, and the default value of blank. Set to <code>child</code> if you wish to use the navbox inside of another navbox; with this option, the child navbox is borderless and fits snuggly inside of its parent navbox. The parent navbox may be the list area of {{tl|Navbox}}, the columns of a {{tl|Navbox with columns}}, or a list area of {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information and examples. ===Basic data parameters=== :;'''''title'''''<sup>†</sup> ::The title of the template, displayed centered in the titlebar at the top of the template. :;''above''<sup>†</sup> ::Text or other elements to appear above groups/lists. :;''image''<sup>†</sup> ::Image to the right of all of the groups/lists. :;''imageleft''<sup>†</sup> ::Image to the left of all of the groups/lists. :;''below''<sup>†</sup> ::Text or other elements to appear below the groups/lists. ===Group/list parameters=== :; ''group<sub>n</sub>''<sup>†</sup> :: The title of each section. :; ''list<sub>n</sub>''<sup>†</sup> :: The content/wikilinks that will be shown in the group. {{strikethrough|Use dots or bullets as separators (see the [[#See also|See also]] section).}} A {{tl|Navbox}} or {{tl|Navbox with columns}} can optionally be used here with its <code>border = child</code> parameter set. If this is done, leave the corresponding group<sub>n</sub> blank, as the child navbox will already provide the collapsible feature. :; ''abbr<sub>n</sub>'' :: This is the abbreviation of the group. See <code>selected</code> parameter immediately below to see how to use this parameter. This parameter is optional, but recommended. :; ''selected'' :: If the value of <code>selected</code> equals the value of <code>abbr<sub>n</sub></code>, then list<sub>n</sub> is uncollapsed and all other lists are collapsed. If <code>selected</code> is left blank, or if it does not match any <code>abbr<sub>n</sub></code>, then all groups are collapsed. Usually this parameter should be set to <code><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></code>. Since this template is a base template for others, there has to be a way to pass the group parameter from the article, to the secondary template to this one. :: The collapsed/uncollapsed options can be listed on the template's page by using the {{tl|Collapsible sections option}} template in the <nowiki><noinclude></nowiki> part of the page. :; ''state<sub>n</sub>'' <span style="font-weight:normal;">[<code>uncollapsed, collapsed, plain, off</code>]</span> :: The initial collapsible state of list<sub>n</sub>. Set to collapsed by default. Overridden to uncollapsed if <code>selected</code> equals <code>abbr<sub>n</sub></code>. :; ''image<sub>n</sub>'' :: An image to appear in the list<sub>n</sub> content area on the right side. :; ''imageleft<sub>n</sub>'' :: An image to appear in the list<sub>n</sub> content area on the left side. ===Style parameters=== :;''bodystyle''<sup>†</sup> ::CSS style/s to apply to the entire template :;''titlestyle''<sup>†</sup> ::[[Wikipedia:CSS|CSS]] style/s to apply to titlebar; usually <code>background:''color''</code>. The color of wikilink text must be manually changed using span tags. For example use <code><nowiki>title = [[Scouting|<span style="color:ivory;">Scouting</span>]]</nowiki></code> to change the color of the link to ivory. The [show]/[hide] button and the vde link button use the color set in the titlestyle parameter. Here is an example of setting the titlestyle: :::<code>titlestyle = background:darkgreen;color:ivory;</code> :;''abovestyle''<sup>†</sup> :;''belowstyle''<sup>†</sup> ::CSS style/s to apply to the ''above'' and ''below'' parameters, respectively. :;''basestyle''<sup>†</sup> ::CSS style/s to apply to the ''title'', ''above'', ''below'', and ''group<sub>n</sub>'' parameters, all at the same time. :;''imagestyle''<sup>†</sup> ::CSS style/s to apply to the ''image'' parameter. Does not get applied to the image<sub>n</sub> parameters. :;''imageleftstyle''<sup>†</sup> ::CSS style/s to apply to the ''imageleft'' parameter. Does not get applied to the imageleft<sub>n</sub> parameters. :; ''groupstyle''<sup>†</sup> :: CSS style/s to apply to all group heading parameters. Visit [http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend/ this website] to get a lighter color similar to the title background color. Example: :::<code>groupstyle = background:lightgreen;</code> :; ''group<sub>n</sub>''style<sup>†</sup> :: CSS style/s to apply to a specific group heading; overrides any CSS styles set in ''groupstyle''. :; ''liststyle''<sup>†</sup> :: CSS style/s to apply to all list content parameters. :; ''list<sub>n</sub>''style<sup>†</sup> :: CSS style/s to apply to specific list content parameters; overrides any CSS styles set in ''liststyle''. :; ''listpadding''<sup>†</sup> :: Padding to have in each list cell; defaults to 0.25em on the left/right and 0em on the top/bottom. ===Microformat parameters=== :; ''bodyclass''<sup>†</sup> :: This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the infobox as a whole. :; ''titleclass''<sup>†</sup> :: This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the infobox's title caption. :See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia, and [[microformat]] for more information on microformats in general. == Examples == ===Basic example=== <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:scroll;"> {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name = University of Michigan |state = uncollapsed |title = [[University of Michigan|<span style="color:#FFD700;">The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</span>]] |titlestyle = background:#00008B;color:#FFD700; |listclass = hlist |groupstyle = background:#FFD700;color:#00008B; |image = |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = [[University of Michigan#Academic profile|<span style="color:#00008B;">Academics</span>]] |abbr1 = academics |list1 = * [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] * [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science and the Arts]] * [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]] * [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]] * [[University of Michigan Health System|Medical School]] * [[Ross School of Business]] * [[University of Michigan School of Education|School of Education]] * [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]] * [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]] * [[University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment|School of Natural Resources and Environment]] * [[University of Michigan School of Public Health|School of Public Health]] * [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]] |group2 = [[Michigan Wolverines|<span style="color:#00008B;">Athletics</span>]] |abbr2 = athletics |state2 = uncollapsed |list2 = * [[Michigan Stadium]] * [[Crisler Arena]] * [[Yost Ice Arena]] * [[Michigan Wolverines]] * [[Michigan Wolverines football|Football]] * [[Michigan – Ohio State football rivalry|UM-OSU Rivalry]] * [[Little Brown Jug (American football)|Little Brown Jug]] * [[Paul Bunyan Trophy]] * [[Cold War (ice hockey)|Cold War]] |group3 = Campus |abbr3 = campus |list3 = * [[Angell Hall Observatory]] * [[Burton Memorial Tower|Burton Tower]] * [[The Diag]] * [[David M. Dennison Building|Dennison Building]] * [[Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library]] * [[Hill Auditorium]] * [[Lurie Tower]] * [[Matthaei Botanical Gardens]] * [[Michigan Union]] * [[Museums at the University of Michigan|Museums]] * [[Nichols Arboretum]] * [[University of Michigan Health System|UM Health System]] * [[University of Michigan Library|University Library]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name = University of Michigan |state = uncollapsed |title = [[University of Michigan|<span style="color:#FFD700;">The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</span>]] |titlestyle = background:#00008B;color:#FFD700; |listclass = hlist |groupstyle = background:#FFD700;color:#00008B; |image = |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = [[University of Michigan#Academic profile|<span style="color:#00008B;">Academics</span>]] |abbr1 = academics |list1 = * [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] * [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science and the Arts]] * [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]] * [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]] * [[University of Michigan Health System|Medical School]] * [[Ross School of Business]] * [[University of Michigan School of Education|School of Education]] * [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]] * [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]] * [[University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment|School of Natural Resources and Environment]] * [[University of Michigan School of Public Health|School of Public Health]] * [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]] |group2 = [[Michigan Wolverines|<span style="color:#00008B;">Athletics</span>]] |abbr2 = athletics |state2 = uncollapsed |list2 = * [[Michigan Stadium]] * [[Crisler Arena]] * [[Yost Ice Arena]] * [[Michigan Wolverines]] * [[Michigan Wolverines football|Football]] * [[Michigan – Ohio State football rivalry|UM-OSU Rivalry]] * [[Little Brown Jug (American football)|Little Brown Jug]] * [[Paul Bunyan Trophy]] * [[Cold War (ice hockey)|Cold War]] |group3 = Campus |abbr3 = campus |list3 = * [[Angell Hall Observatory]] * [[Burton Memorial Tower|Burton Tower]] * [[The Diag]] * [[David M. Dennison Building|Dennison Building]] * [[Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library]] * [[Hill Auditorium]] * [[Lurie Tower]] * [[Matthaei Botanical Gardens]] * [[Michigan Union]] * [[Museums at the University of Michigan|Museums]] * [[Nichols Arboretum]] * [[University of Michigan Health System|UM Health System]] * [[University of Michigan Library|University Library]] }} ===Nesting other Navbox forms=== This example shows {{tl|Navbox}}, {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}} and {{tl|Navbox with columns}} all working together. Press the edit button for the section to view the code. Note that each of the child navboxes has the first parameter set to <code>child</code> {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name = Navbox with collapsible groups/doc#Nesting other Navbox forms |title = Navbox, Navbox with columns, and Navbox with collapsible groups together |selected = {{{1|}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = [[:Category:Scouting|The Scouting Movement]] |abbr1 = movement |list1 = *[[Scouting]] *''[[Scouting for Boys]]'' *[[Scout method]] *[[Scout Law]] *[[Scout Promise]] *[[Scout Motto]] *[[Wood Badge]] *[[Age groups in Scouting and Guiding]] *[[Cub Scout]] *[[Scout (Scouting)|Boy Scout]] *[[Rover Scout]] *[[Brownie (Girl Guides)|Brownie]] *[[Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting]] *[[Ranger (Girl Guide)]] *[[Jamboree (Scouting)|Jamboree]] *[[Scout Leader]] *[[World Organization of the Scout Movement|WOSM]] *[[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts|WAGGGS]] *[[Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations|Non-aligned organisations]] *[[Scouting controversy and conflict]] *[[Scouting in popular culture]] *[[List of Scouts]] *[[List of highest awards in Scouting]] |list2 = {{Navbox|child |title = [[French colonial empire|Former French colonies]] in [[Africa]] and the [[Indian Ocean]] |state = {{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|french|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |titlestyle = background# |groupstyle = background:lavender; |group1 = [[Maghreb|Mahgreb]] |list1 = *[[French Algeria|Algeria]] *[[French protectorate of Morocco|Morocco]]&nbsp;<small>([[Arguin|Arguin Island]])</small> *[[History of Tunisia|Tunisia]] |group2 = [[French West Africa]] |list2 = *[[History of Côte d'Ivoire#French Period|Côte d'Ivoire]] *[[French Dahomey|Dahomey]] *[[French Sudan]] *[[French Guinea|Guinea]] *[[History of Mauritania#French colonization and post-colonial history|Mauritania]] *[[History of Niger#Colonization|Niger]] *[[History of Senegal|Senegal]] *[[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] |group3 = &nbsp; |list3 = *[[French Togoland]] *[[James Island (Gambia)|James Island]] |group4 = [[French Equatorial Africa]] |list4 = *[[Colonial Chad|Chad]] *[[History of Gabon|Gabon]] *[[History of the Republic of the Congo|Middle Congo]] *[[Ubangi-Shari|Oubangui-Chari]] |group5 = [[Comoros]] |list5 = *[[Anjouan]] *[[Grande Comore]] *[[Mohéli]] |group6 = &nbsp; |list6 = *[[History of Djibouti#French interest|French Somaliland (Djibouti)]] *[[History of Madagascar#French control|Madagascar]] *[[Mauritius|Ile de France]] *[[Seychelles]] }} |group3 = [[:Category:Scouting and Guiding in the United Kingdom|Scouting and Guiding in the United Kingdom]] |abbr3 = Scouting |list3 = *[[The Scout Association]] *[[Girlguiding UK]] *[[Beaver Scouts]] *[[Cub Scouts (The Scout Association)|Cub Section (UK)]] *[[Venture Scout]] *[[Explorer Scouts (The Scout Association)|Explorer Scouts]] *[[Brownie (Girl Guides)]] *[[Ranger (Girl Guide)]] *[[Rainbow (Girl Guides)]] *[[Scout Network]] *[[Chief Scout (The Scout Association)|Chief Scout (United Kingdom)]] *[[Scout Counties (The Scout Association)|Scout Counties]] *[[Scout District]] *[[Scouts (The Scout Association)|Scout Section (UK)]] *[[Scout Activity Centre (The Scout Association)|Scout Activity Centre]] *[[Young Leaders (The Scout Association)|Young Leaders]] |list4 = {{Navbox with columns|child |state = {{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|coltest|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |title = Navbox with columns nested in itself |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1width = 33% |col2width = 17% |col3width = 33% |col4width = 17% |col1header = Col1Header |col2header = Col2Header |col3header = Col3Header |col4header = Col4Header |col1 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 50% |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1header = Col1.1Header |col2header = Col1.2Header |col1 = Col1.1 |col2 = Col1.2 }} |col2 = Col2 |col3 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 33% |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1header = Col3.1Header |col2header = Col3.2Header |col3header = Col3.3Header |col1 = Col3.1 |col2 = Col3.2 |col3 = Col3.3 }} |col4 = Col4 }} }} ===Nesting Navboxes to get more groups/lists=== You can conveniently nest Navboxes, including {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}, to get an unlimited number of groups/lists. The following example uses one instance of {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}} to get the first 10 collapsible groups, a nested instance to get the next 10, and another nested instance to get the last 6. See the code to learn how it works. It is fairly simple to extend this to as many groups/lists as you like: {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name = {{PAGENAME}} |state = collapsed |title = Title |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = A |list1 = List A |group2 = B |list2 = List B |group3 = C |list3 = List C |group4 = D |list4 = List D |group5 = E |list5 = List E |group6 = F |list6 = List F |group7 = G |list7 = List G |group8 = H |list8 = List H |group9 = I |list9 = List I |list10 = {{Navbox with collapsible groups|child |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = J |list1 = List J |group2 = K |list2 = List K |group3 = L |list3 = List L |group4 = M |list4 = List M |group5 = N |list5 = List N |group6 = O |list6 = List O |group7 = P |list7 = List P |group8 = Q |list8 = List Q |group9 = R |list9 = List R |list10 = {{Navbox with collapsible groups|child |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = S |list1 = List S |group2 = T |list2 = List T |group3 = U |list3 = List U |group4 = V |list4 = List V |group5 = W |list5 = List W |group6 = X |list6 = List X |group7 = Y |list7 = List Y |group8 = Z |list8 = List Z }} }} }} == See also == * {{tl|Navboxes}} (and {{tl|Navboxes top}}) * {{tl|Collapsible sections option}} * {{strikethrough|{{tl|Nowrap begin}} – Provides an explanation of the preferred method of using bullets or pipes to delimit list items.}} Deprecated; use the <code>hlist</code> class. {{Navigation templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories--> [[Category:Navigational boxes|collapsible groups]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Collapse templates]] }}</includeonly> 3xml4q00893h6y7opvvf4mwa3z2un6y 10 11165 84236 2022-05-19T08:31:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox with columns wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please do not edit without discussion first as this is a "VERY complex" template. -->{{#invoke:Navbox|navbox |name = {{{name|}}} |navbar = {{{navbar|}}} |state = {{{state|}}} |border = {{{border|{{{1|}}}}}} |title = {{{title|}}} |above = {{{above|}}} |image = {{{image|}}} |imageleft = {{{imageleft|}}} |bodyclass = {{{bodyclass|}}} |titleclass = {{{titleclass|}}} |aboveclass = {{{aboveclass|}}} |belowclass = {{{belowclass|}}} |groupclass = {{{groupclass|}}} |listclass = {{{listclass|}}} |style = {{{style|}}}{{{bodystyle|}}} |basestyle = {{{basestyle|}}} |titlestyle = {{{titlestyle|}}} |abovestyle = {{{abovestyle|}}} |belowstyle = {{{belowstyle|}}} |imagestyle = {{{imagestyle|}}} |imageleftstyle = {{{imageleftstyle|}}} |oddstyle = {{{oddstyle|}}} |evenstyle = {{{evenstyle|}}} |{{#if:{{{evenodd|}}}|evenodd|void}} = {{{evenodd|}}} |list1padding = 0px; |list1 = <!-- --><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col1header|}}}{{{fullwidth|}}}|width:100%;<!-- -->|width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;}}{{{coltablestyle|}}}"><!-- --- Header row --- -->{{#if:{{{col1header|}}}|<tr><!-- --><td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col1headercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col1headerstyle|}}}">{{{col1header}}}</td><!-- -->{{#if:{{{col2header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col2headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col2headerstyle|}}}">{{{col2header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col3header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col3headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col3headerstyle|}}}">{{{col3header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col4header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col4headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col4headerstyle|}}}">{{{col4header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col5header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col5headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col5headerstyle|}}}">{{{col5header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col6header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col6headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col6headerstyle|}}}">{{{col6header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col7header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col7headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col7headerstyle|}}}">{{{col7header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col8header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col8headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col8headerstyle|}}}">{{{col8header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col9header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col9headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col9headerstyle|}}}">{{{col9header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col10header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col10headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col10headerstyle|}}}">{{{col10header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col11header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col11headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col11headerstyle|}}}">{{{col11header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col12header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col12headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col12headerstyle|}}}">{{{col12header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col13header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col13headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col13headerstyle|}}}">{{{col13header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col14header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col14headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col14headerstyle|}}}">{{{col14header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col15header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col15headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col15headerstyle|}}}">{{{col15header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col16header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col16headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col16headerstyle|}}}">{{{col16header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col17header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col17headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col17headerstyle|}}}">{{{col17header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col18header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col18headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col18headerstyle|}}}">{{{col18header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col19header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->colspan={{{col19headercolspan|1}}} style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col19headerstyle|}}}">{{{col19header}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col20header|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" <!-- -->style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col20headerstyle|}}}">{{{col20header}}}</td>}}<!-- --></tr>}}<!-- --- Main columns--- --><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{col1|}}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col1header|}}}{{{col1footer|}}}{{{fullwidth|}}}|<!-- -->|{{#switch:{{{padding|}}}|off|0|0em|0px|0%|0;|0em;|0px;|0%;=<!-- -->|#default=<td style="width:{{{padding|5em}}};">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>}}}}<!-- --><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col1style|}}};width:{{{col1width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col1}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col2|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col2style|}}};width:{{{col2width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col2}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col3|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col3style|}}};width:{{{col3width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col3}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col4|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col4style|}}};width:{{{col4width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col4}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col5|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col5style|}}};width:{{{col5width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col5}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col6|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col6style|}}};width:{{{col6width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col6}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col7|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col7style|}}};width:{{{col7width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col7}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col8|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col8style|}}};width:{{{col8width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col8}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col9|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col9style|}}};width:{{{col9width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col9}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col10|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col10style|}}};width:{{{col10width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col10}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col11|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col11style|}}};width:{{{col11width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col11}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col12|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col12style|}}};width:{{{col12width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col12}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col13|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col13style|}}};width:{{{col13width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col13}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col14|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col14style|}}};width:{{{col14width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col14}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col15|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col15style|}}};width:{{{col15width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col15}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col16|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col16style|}}};width:{{{col16width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col16}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col17|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col17style|}}};width:{{{col17width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col17}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col18|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col18style|}}};width:{{{col18width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col18}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col19|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{oddcolstyle|}}};{{{col19style|}}};width:{{{col19width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col19}}} </div></td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col20|}}}|<td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;<!-- -->{{{colstyle|}}};{{{evencolstyle|}}};{{{col20style|}}};width:{{{col20width|{{{colwidth|10em}}}}}};"><div> {{{col20}}} </div></td>}}<!-- --></tr><!-- --- Footer row --- -->{{#if:{{{col1footer|}}}|<!-- --><tr><!-- --><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col1footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col1footerstyle|}}}">{{{col1footer}}}</td><!-- -->{{#if:{{{col2footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col2footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col2footerstyle|}}}">{{{col2footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col3footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col3footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col3footerstyle|}}}">{{{col3footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col4footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col4footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col4footerstyle|}}}">{{{col4footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col5footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col5footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col5footerstyle|}}}">{{{col5footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col6footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col6footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col6footerstyle|}}}">{{{col6footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col7footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col7footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col7footerstyle|}}}">{{{col7footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col8footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col8footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col8footerstyle|}}}">{{{col8footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col9footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col9footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col9footerstyle|}}}">{{{col9footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col10footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col10footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col10footerstyle|}}}">{{{col10footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col11footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col11footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col11footerstyle|}}}">{{{col11footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col12footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col12footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col12footerstyle|}}}">{{{col12footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col13footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col13footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col13footerstyle|}}}">{{{col13footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col14footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col14footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col14footerstyle|}}}">{{{col14footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col15footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col15footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col15footerstyle|}}}">{{{col15footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col16footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col16footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col16footerstyle|}}}">{{{col16footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col17footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col17footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col17footerstyle|}}}">{{{col17footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col18footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col18footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col18footerstyle|}}}">{{{col18footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col19footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan={{{col19footercolspan|1}}} style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col19footerstyle|}}}">{{{col19footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{col20footer|}}}|<td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="<!-- -->border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;{{{colfooterstyle|}}};{{{col20footerstyle|}}}">{{{col20footer}}}</td>}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></tr></table>{{#if:{{{col1header|}}}{{{col1|}}}{{{col1footer|}}}||[[Category:Pages using navbox columns without the first column]]}} <!-- Allow a few additional groups/lists after columns --> |liststyle = {{{liststyle|}}} |list1style = background:transparent;color:inherit; |list3style = {{{list1style|}}} |list4style = {{{list2style|}}} |list5style = {{{list3style|}}} |list6style = {{{list4style|}}} |list7style = {{{list5style|}}} |list8style = {{{list6style|}}} |list9style = {{{list7style|}}} |list10style = {{{list8style|}}} |list11style = {{{list9style|}}} |list12style = {{{list10style|}}} |list3 = {{{list1|}}} |list4 = {{{list2|}}} |list5 = {{{list3|}}} |list6 = {{{list4|}}} |list7 = {{{list5|}}} |list8 = {{{list6|}}} |list9 = {{{list7|}}} |list10 = {{{list8|}}} |list11 = {{{list9|}}} |list12 = {{{list10|}}} |groupstyle = {{{groupstyle|}}} |group3style = {{{group1style|}}} |group4style = {{{group2style|}}} |group5style = {{{group3style|}}} |group6style = {{{group4style|}}} |group7style = {{{group5style|}}} |group8style = {{{group6style|}}} |group9style = {{{group7style|}}} |group10style = {{{group8style|}}} |group11style = {{{group9style|}}} |group12style = {{{group10style|}}} |group3 = {{{group1|}}} |group4 = {{{group2|}}} |group5 = {{{group3|}}} |group6 = {{{group4|}}} |group7 = {{{group5|}}} |group8 = {{{group6|}}} |group9 = {{{group7|}}} |group10 = {{{group8|}}} |group11 = {{{group9|}}} |group12 = {{{group10|}}} |below = {{{below|}}} |tracking = no }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!---Please add metadata to the <includeonly> section at the bottom of the /doc subpage---> </noinclude> g1ey8ezowgd35kfkouxd7d7up52pkd9 10 11166 84237 2022-05-19T08:31:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox with columns/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template display|nomobile}} {{Lua|Module:Navbox}} {{Navbox suite}} A navigation box that presents its content in columns. Originally intended to provide a relatively straightforward means to align links prefixed by flag icons, e.g. in templates offering links to country articles. == Basic syntax == Only required parameters and ''colwidth'' included. <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Navbox with columns | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = | colwidth = <!--(to set a default width for each column, preferably in a proportional unit such as 'em'*)--> | col1 = | col2 = }} </pre> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:1.35em;">* See [[Em (typography)]]. Using proportional units means the template should still be displayed correctly across a range of browser font-sizes. If ''colwidth'' is not specified, a default 10.0em is used.</div> == Parameters == ===Setup parameters=== ;''name''<ref name="common">Parameters marked with a footnote '''<sup>[1]</sup>''' are parameters in common with the sister templates {{tl|Navbox}} and {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}. A much more complete description of those parameters is available at {{tl|Navbox}}.</ref> :The name of the template. The name of this template, for example, is "Navbox with columns". ;''state''<ref name="common"/> :Possible values are <code>collapsed</code>, <code>uncollapsed</code>, <code>plain</code>, <code>off</code>, and the default <code>autocollapse</code>. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information. ;''navbar''<ref name="common"/> :Possible values are <code>plain</code>, <code>off</code>, and the default value of blank. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information. ;''border''<ref name="common"/> :Possible values are <code>child</code>, <code>none</code>, and the default value of blank. Set to <code>child</code> if you wish to use the navbox inside of another navbox; with this option, the child navbox is borderless and fits snuggly inside of its parent navbox. The parent navbox may be the list area of {{tl|Navbox}}, a columns of another {{tl|Navbox with columns}}, or a section of {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}. See {{tl|Navbox}} for more information and examples. ===Perimeter parameters=== i.e. parameters affecting the inclusion/formatting of items around the template's perimeter. ;''title''<ref name="common"/> :The title of the template, displayed centered in the titlebar at the top of the template. ;''above''<ref name="common"/> :Text or other elements to appear above the columns. ;''image''<ref name="common"/> :Image to the right of all of the columns. ;''imageleft''<ref name="common"/> :Image to the left of all of the columns. ;''below''<ref name="common"/> :Text or other elements to appear below the columns. ===Style parameters=== ;''style''<ref name="common"/> :CSS style/s to apply to the template's body (i.e. including space not used by columns) ;''titlestyle''<ref name="common"/> :[[Wikipedia:CSS|CSS]] style/s to apply to titlebar; usually <code>background:''color''</code> (background defaults to [[Wikipedia:Navbox|Navbox]] default). ;''abovestyle''<ref name="common"/> ;''belowstyle''<ref name="common"/> :CSS style/s to apply to the ''above'' and ''below'' parameters, respectively. ;''basestyle''<ref name="common"/> :CSS style/s to apply to the ''title'', ''above'', and ''below'', parameters, all at the same time. ;''imagestyle''<ref name="common"/> :CSS style/s to apply to the ''image'' parameter. ;''imageleftstyle''<ref name="common"/> :CSS style/s to apply to the ''imageleft'' parameter ;''coltablestyle'' ;''colstyle'' :CSS style/s to apply across all columns; if used, usually <code>background:''color''</code> per ''titlestyle'' above. ;''oddcolstyle'' ;''evencolstyle'' :CSS style/s to apply to all odd/even-numbered columns, respectively. ;''col<sub>n</sub>style'' :CSS style/s to apply to the n<sup>th</sup> column only. ;''colheaderstyle'' :CSS style/s to apply to all column headers. ;''col<sub>n</sub>headerstyle'' :CSS style/s to apply to the n<sup>th</sup> column header. ;''col<sub>n</sub>footerstyle'' :CSS style/s to apply to the n<sup>th</sup> column footer cell. ===Columns parameters=== ;''colwidth'' :Width, preferably in a proportional unit such as '[[Em (typography)|em]]', or as a percentage, used for each column whose width not specified by ''colNwidth'' below. Defaults to 10em. Examples: :*<code>colwidth = 15.0em</code> :*<code>colwidth = 25%</code> : ;''fullwidth'' :If set to anything, then the total width of the columns are scaled linearly to make the sum of the widths 100%. A rather advanced parameter, this usually need not be used and should be left blank. If a colheader or colfooter is used, then fullwidth is used automatically. Example: :*<code>fullwidth = on</code> : ;''padding'' :Padding before first column, preferably in a proportional unit. Defaults to 5em. Padding is disabled by setting it to 0 (or 0em, or 0%). ;''col<sub>n</sub>width'' :The n<sup>th</sup> column's width (overrides ''colwidth'' above). ;'''''col<sub>n</sub>''''' :The content of the n<sup>th</sup> column. If any columns are used, then <code>col1</code> is required. There can be a maximum of 20 columns. ;''col<sub>n</sub>header'' :A header cell for the n<sup>th</sup> column that appears above the column. See below for examples. ;''col<sub>n</sub>footer'' :A footer cell that appears below the n<sup>th</sup> column. ;''col<sub>n</sub>headercolspan'' :A number specifying how many columns the n<sup>th</sup> column header should span. It defaults to 1. If it is greater than one, then do not specify column headers that it covers. For example, if <code>col1headercolspan = 3</code>, then leave <code>col2header</code> and <code>col3header</code> blank. ;''col<sub>n</sub>footercolspan'' :A number specifying how many columns the n<sup>th</sup> column footer should span. It defaults to 1. If it is greater than one, then do not specify column footers that it covers. For example, if <code>col1footercolspan = 3</code>, then leave <code>col2footer</code> and <code>col3footer</code> blank. ===Additional groups/lists=== You may wish to add a few extra groups and/or lists below the columns. The following parameters are given to provide such functionality. See {{tl|Navbox}} for a more complete description of how they work, and for more examples. ;''group<sub>n</sub>''<ref name="common"/> :Allows up to 6 additional groups to go along with the lists below the columns. ;''list<sub>n</sub>''<ref name="common"/> :Allows up to 6 additional lists below the columns. ;''groupstyle''<ref name="common"/> :The general CSS style/s for the groups. ;''group<sub>n</sub>''style<sup>†</sup> :CSS style/s for the n<sup>th</sup> group parameter.<ref name="common"/> ;''liststyle''<ref name="common"/> :The general CSS style/s for the lists. ;''list<sub>n</sub>style'' :CSS style/s for the n<sup>th</sup> list parameter. ;''listpadding''<ref name="common"/> :Amount of padding to have in each list cell. ; ''oddstyle'' ; ''evenstyle'' :Applies to odd/even list numbers. Overrules styles defined by ''liststyle''. The default behavior is to add striped colors (white and gray) to odd/even rows, respectively, in order to improve readability. These should not be changed except in extraordinary circumstances. ; ''evenodd'' <span style="font-weight:normal;"><code>[swap, even, odd, off]</code></span> :See {{tl|Navbox}} for description. === Microformats === ;bodyclass : This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the infobox as a whole. ;titleclass : This parameter is inserted into the "class" attribute for the infobox's title caption. This template supports the addition of microformat information. This is done by adding "class" attributes to various data cells, indicating what kind of information is contained within. To flag a navbox as containing [[hCard]] information about a person, for example, add the following parameter: <pre> |bodyclass = vcard </pre> ''and'' <pre> |titleclass = fn </pre> ''or'' (for example): <pre><nowiki> |title = The books of <span class="fn">[[Iain Banks]]</span> </nowiki></pre> ...and so forth. See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats]] for more information on adding microformat information to Wikipedia, and [[microformat]] for more information on microformats in general. == Examples == ===Basic example=== <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:scroll;"> {{Navbox with columns | name = East Asia Summit (EAS) | title = [[East Asia Summit|East Asia Summit (EAS)]] | listclass = plainlist | width = 18.25em | padding = 10em | aboveclass = hlist | abovestyle = font-weight: bold; | above = * [[First East Asia Summit|First]] * [[Second East Asia Summit|Second]] * [[Third East Asia Summit|Third]] * [[Fourth East Asia Summit|Fourth]] * [[Fifth East Asia Summit|Fifth]] * [[Sixth East Asia Summit|Sixth]] * [[Seventh East Asia Summit|Seventh]] | col1 = * {{AUS}} * {{BRU}} * {{BIR}} | col2 = * {{CAM}} * {{CHN}} * {{IND}} | col3 = * {{IDN}} * {{JPN}} * {{LAO}} | col4 = * {{MAS}} * {{NZL}} * {{PHL}} | col5 = * {{RUS}} * {{SIN}} * {{KOR}} | col6width = 17em | col6 = * {{THA}} * {{USA}} * {{VIE}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Navbox with columns | name = East Asia Summit (EAS) | title = [[East Asia Summit|East Asia Summit (EAS)]] | state = uncollapsed | listclass = plainlist | width = 18.25em | padding = 10em | aboveclass = hlist | abovestyle = font-weight: bold; | above = * [[First East Asia Summit|First]] * [[Second East Asia Summit|Second]] * [[Third East Asia Summit|Third]] * [[Fourth East Asia Summit|Fourth]] * [[Fifth East Asia Summit|Fifth]] * [[Sixth East Asia Summit|Sixth]] * [[Seventh East Asia Summit|Seventh]] | col1 = * {{AUS}} * {{BRU}} * {{BIR}} | col2 = * {{CAM}} * {{CHN}} * {{IND}} | col3 = * {{IDN}} * {{JPN}} * {{LAO}} | col4 = * {{MAS}} * {{NZL}} * {{PHL}} | col5 = * {{RUS}} * {{SIN}} * {{KOR}} | col6width = 17em | col6 = * {{THA}} * {{USA}} * {{VIE}} }} ===Example with percentage widths=== <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:scroll;"> {{Navbox with columns | name = Transit visibility table | titlestyle = background:silver; | title = [[Astronomical transit|Transit]] visibility from [[inferior and superior planets|planets superior]] to the transiting body | listclass = plainlist | colwidth = 14.2857% | colstyle = text-align:center; | col1header = Venus | col1 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Venus|Mercury]] | col2header = Earth | col2 = * [[Transit of Mercury|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus|Venus]] | col3header = Mars | col3 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Mars|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Mars|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Mars|Earth]] | col4header = Jupiter | col4 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Jupiter|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Jupiter|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Jupiter|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Jupiter|Mars]] | col5header = Saturn | col5 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Saturn|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Saturn|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Saturn|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Saturn|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] | col6header = Uranus | col6 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Uranus|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Uranus|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Uranus|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Uranus|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] * [[Transit of Saturn from outer planets|Saturn]] | col7header = Neptune | col7 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Neptune|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Neptune|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Neptune|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Neptune|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] * [[Transit of Saturn from outer planets|Saturn]] * [[Transit of Uranus from Neptune|Uranus]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Navbox with columns | name = Transit visibility table | titlestyle = background:silver; | title = [[Astronomical transit|Transit]] visibility from [[inferior and superior planets|planets superior]] to the transiting body | state = uncollapsed | listclass = plainlist | colwidth = 14.2857% | colstyle = text-align:center; | col1header = Venus | col1 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Venus|Mercury]] | col2header = Earth | col2 = * [[Transit of Mercury|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus|Venus]] | col3header = Mars | col3 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Mars|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Mars|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Mars|Earth]] | col4header = Jupiter | col4 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Jupiter|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Jupiter|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Jupiter|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Jupiter|Mars]] | col5header = Saturn | col5 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Saturn|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Saturn|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Saturn|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Saturn|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] | col6header = Uranus | col6 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Uranus|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Uranus|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Uranus|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Uranus|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] * [[Transit of Saturn from outer planets|Saturn]] | col7header = Neptune | col7 = * [[Transit of Mercury from Neptune|Mercury]] * [[Transit of Venus from Neptune|Venus]] * [[Transit of Earth from Neptune|Earth]] * [[Transit of Mars from Neptune|Mars]] * [[Transit of Jupiter from outer planets|Jupiter]] * [[Transit of Saturn from outer planets|Saturn]] * [[Transit of Uranus from Neptune|Uranus]] }} ===Example with col<sub>n</sub>header and col<sub>n</sub>footer=== The gray background for the columns is added for illustration only. {{Navbox with columns |name = Navbox with columns/doc |state = uncollapsed |title = col<sub>n</sub>header and col<sub>n</sub>footer example |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |colwidth = 25% |col1header = col1header |col2header = col2header |col3header = col3header |col4header = col4header |col1 = col1 |col2 = col2 |col3 = col3 |col4 = col4 |col1footer = col1footer |col2footer = col2footer |col3footer = col3footer |col4footer = col4footer }} ===Example with col<sub>n</sub>header using col<sub>n</sub>headercolspan=== The gray background for the columns is added for illustration only. This example shows the col<sub>n</sub>headercolspan parameter being used, but you may also use col<sub>n</sub>footercolspan to adjust the span of the footer cells. {{Navbox with columns |name = Navbox with columns/doc |state = uncollapsed |title = col<sub>n</sub>header with col<sub>n</sub>colspan example |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |col1header = col1header |col2header = col2header (colspan=2) |col4header = col4header |col5header = col5header (colspan=3) |col2headercolspan = 2 |col5headercolspan = 3 |col1 = col1 |col2 = col2 |col3 = col3 |col4 = col4 |col5 = col5 |col6 = col6 |col7 = col7 }} ===Example to illustrate most fields=== The gray background and centered text for the columns is for illustration only. The columns default to an off-white background and left text alignment. This example shows how you can use up to six additional groups/lists after the columns. {{Navbox with columns |name = Navbox with columns/doc |state = uncollapsed |title = Example to illustrate most fields |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |col1 = col1 |col2 = col2 |col3 = col3 |col4 = col4 |col5 = col5 |col1header = col1header |col2header = col2header |col3header = col3header |col4header = col4header |col5header = col5header |col1footer = col1footer |col2footer = col2footer |col3footer = col3footer |col4footer = col4footer |col5footer = col5footer |group1 = group1 |group2 = group2 |group3 = group3 |group4 = group4 |group5 = group5 |group6 = group6 |list1 = list1 |list2 = list2 |list3 = list3 |list4 = list4 |list5 = list5 |list6 = list6 |above = above |below = below }} ==Using child navboxes== All three types of navbox templates, namely {{tl|Navbox}}, {{tl|Navbox with columns}}, and {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}}, can be nested inside of one another using the <code>border</code> parameter (which is common to all three). For complex templates, it may be necessary to use nesting to achieve a desired look. ===Nesting Navbox with columns in itself=== This example shows how one can nest multiple {{tl|Navbox with columns}} templates to get the right look. Edit this page to see the code. There is a main {{tl|Navbox with columns}} and two additional {{tl|Navbox with columns}} templates, with the "child" option set (see code). {{Navbox with columns |name = Navbox with columns/doc |state = uncollapsed |title = Subgroups with nesting |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |col1width = 33% |col2width = 17% |col3width = 33% |col4width = 17% |col1header = Col1Header |col2header = Col2Header |col3header = Col3Header |col4header = Col4Header |col1 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 50% |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |col1header = Col1.1Header |col2header = Col1.2Header |col1 = Col1.1 |col2 = Col1.2 }} |col2 = Col2 |col3 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 33% |colstyle = text-align:center;background:silver; |col1header = Col3.1Header |col2header = Col3.2Header |col3header = Col3.3Header |col1 = Col3.1 |col2 = Col3.2 |col3 = Col3.3 }} |col4 = Col4 }} ===Nesting other Navbox forms=== This example shows {{tl|Navbox}}, {{tl|Navbox with collapsible groups}} and {{tl|Navbox with columns}} all working together. Edit this page to see the code. Note that each of the child navboxes has the first parameter set to <code>child</code>. {{Navbox with collapsible groups |name = Navbox with collapsible groups |title = Navbox, Navbox with columns, and Navbox with collapsible groups together |selected = {{{1|}}} |group1 = [[:Category:Scouting|The Scouting Movement]] |abbr1 = movement |list1 = [[Scouting]]{{·}}''[[Scouting for Boys]]''{{·}}[[Scout method]]{{·}}[[Scout Law]]{{·}}[[Scout Promise]]{{·}}[[Scout Motto]]{{·}}[[Wood Badge]]{{·}}[[Age groups in Scouting and Guiding]]{{·}}[[Cub Scout]]{{·}}[[Boy Scout]]{{·}}[[Rover Scout]]{{·}}[[Brownie (Girl Guides)|Brownie]]{{·}}[[Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting]]{{·}}[[Ranger (Girl Guide)]]{{·}}[[Jamboree (Scouting)|Jamboree]]{{·}}[[Scout Leader]]{{·}}[[World Organization of the Scout Movement|WOSM]]{{·}}[[World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts|WAGGGS]]{{·}}[[Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations|Non-aligned organisations]]{{·}}[[Scouting controversy and conflict]]{{·}}[[Scouting in popular culture]]{{·}}[[List of Scouts]]{{·}}[[List of highest awards in Scouting]] |list2 = {{Navbox|child |title = [[French colonial empires|Former French colonies]] in [[Africa]] and the [[Indian Ocean]] |titlestyle = background# |groupstyle = background:lavender; |group1 = [[Mahgreb]] |list1 = [[French rule in Algeria|Algeria]]{{·}} [[French Morocco|Morocco]]&nbsp;<small>([[Arguin|Arguin Island]])</small>{{·}} [[History of Tunisia|Tunisia]] |group2 = [[French West Africa]] |list2 = [[History of Côte d'Ivoire#French Period|Côte d'Ivoire]]{{·}} [[French Dahomey|Dahomey]]{{·}} [[French Sudan]]{{·}} [[French Guinea|Guinea]]{{·}} [[History of Mauritania#French colonization and post-colonial history|Mauritania]]{{·}} [[History of Niger#Colonization|Niger]]{{·}} [[History of Senegal|Senegal]]{{·}} [[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] |group3 = Togo |list3 = [[French Togoland]]{{·}} [[James Island (The Gambia)|James Island]] |group4 = [[French Equatorial Africa]] |list4 = [[Colonial Chad|Chad]]{{·}} [[History of Gabon|Gabon]]{{·}} [[History of the Republic of the Congo|Middle Congo]]{{·}} [[Oubangui-Chari]] |group5 = [[Comoros]] |list5 = [[Anjouan]]{{·}} [[Grande Comore]]{{·}} [[Mohéli]] |group6 = Southern Africa |list6 = [[History of Djibouti#French interest|French Somaliland (Djibouti)]]{{·}} [[History of Madagascar#French control|Madagascar]]{{·}} [[Mauritius|Ile de France]]{{·}} [[Seychelles]] }} |group3 = [[Scouting in the United Kingdom]] |abbr3 = Scouting |list3 = [[The Scout Association]]{{·}}[[Girlguiding UK]]{{·}}[[Beaver Scouts]]{{·}}[[Cub Section (UK)]]{{·}}[[Venture Scout]]{{·}}[[Explorer Scouts]]{{·}}[[Brownie (Girl Guides)]]{{·}}[[Ranger (Girl Guide)]]{{·}}[[Rainbow (Girl Guides)]]{{·}}[[Scout Network]]{{·}}[[Chief Scout (United Kingdom)]]{{·}}[[Scout Counties]]{{·}}[[Scout District]]{{·}}[[Scout Section (UK)]]{{·}}[[Scout Activity Centre]]{{·}}[[Young Leaders (The Scout Association)|Young Leaders]] |list4 = {{Navbox with columns|child |title = Navbox with columns nested in itself |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1width = 33% |col2width = 17% |col3width = 33% |col4width = 17% |col1header = Col1Header |col2header = Col2Header |col3header = Col3Header |col4header = Col4Header |col1 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 50% |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1header = Col1.1Header |col2header = Col1.2Header |col1 = Col1.1 |col2 = Col1.2 }} |col2 = Col2 |col3 = {{Navbox with columns|child |colwidth = 33% |colstyle = text-align:center; |col1header = Col3.1Header |col2header = Col3.2Header |col3header = Col3.3Header |col1 = Col3.1 |col2 = Col3.2 |col3 = Col3.3 }} |col4 = Col4 }} }} == Footnotes == {{reflist}} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using navbox columns without the first column}} == See also == {{Navigation templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Navigational boxes|columns]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Collapse templates]] }}</includeonly> 104o8dj50hxgfzcuaao0pz9uj1liy5p 10 11167 84238 2022-05-19T08:33:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Collapsible templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Helpbox |templatename = Collapsible templates |name = Collapsible templates |bodyclass = vcard |list1 = {{aligned table|fullwidth=y|rightleft=y|col1style=font-weight:bold; |Help: |[[Help:Collapsing|Collapsing]] |Guideline:|[[MOS:COLLAPSE|Hidden content]] }} |group2 = [[WP:Mainspace|Article namespace]] |list2 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|collapse}} * {{tl|collapsible list}} * {{hlist|{{tl|collapse top}}|{{tl|collapse bottom}}}} * {{tl|hidden}} * {{hlist|{{tl|hidden begin}}|{{tl|hidden end}}}} }} |group3 = [[Wikipedia:Infobox|Infoboxes]] |list3 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|collapsed infobox section begin}} * {{tl|collapsed infobox section end}} }} |group4 = [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|Navigation templates]] |list4 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|sidebar with collapsible lists}} * {{tl|navbox with collapsible groups}} }} |group5 = [[Help:Talk pages|Talk namespace]] |list5 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|hidden archive top}} * {{tl|hidden archive bottom}} }} }} eo8nzanwkusqhtdcml1th70tdhrcpwn 10 11168 84239 2022-05-19T08:33:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Helpbox wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Sidebar | name = {{#if:{{{templatename|}}} |{{{templatename}}} |{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}} }} | templatestyles = Template:Helpbox/styles.css | child templatestyles = {{{child templatestyles|}}} | float = {{{float|}}} | class = help-box noprint {{{class|{{{bodyclass|}}}}}} | style = {{{1|}}} | titlestyle = {{{titlestyle|}}} | title = {{{title|{{{name|}}}}}} | headingstyle = {{{headingstyle|}}} | heading1 = {{{group1|}}} | content1 = {{{list1|}}} | heading2 = {{{group2|}}} | content2 = {{{list2|}}} | heading3 = {{{group3|}}} | content3 = {{{list3|}}} | heading4 = {{{group4|}}} | content4 = {{{list4|}}} | heading5 = {{{group5|}}} | content5 = {{{list5|}}} | heading6 = {{{group6|}}} | content6 = {{{list6|}}} | heading7 = {{{group7|}}} | content7 = {{{list7|}}} | heading8 = {{{group8|}}} | content8 = {{{list8|}}} | heading9 = {{{group9|}}} | content9 = {{{list9|}}} | heading10 = {{{group10|}}} | content10 = {{{list10|}}} | heading11 = {{{group11|}}} | content11 = {{{list11|}}} | heading12 = {{{group12|}}} | content12 = {{{list12|}}} | heading13 = {{{group13|}}} | content13 = {{{list13|}}} | heading14 = {{{group14|}}} | content14 = {{{list14|}}} | heading15 = {{{group15|}}} | content15 = {{{list15|}}} | heading16 = {{{group16|}}} | content16 = {{{list16|}}} | heading17 = {{{group17|}}} | content17 = {{{list17|}}} | heading18 = {{{group18|}}} | content18 = {{{list18|}}} | heading19 = {{{group19|}}} | content19 = {{{list19|}}} | heading20 = {{{group20|}}} | content20 = {{{list20|}}} | navbar = {{#if:{{{templatename|}}} | | {{#if:{{{title|}}} |{{#if:{{{name|}}} | |none}} | none }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 9xlpz91q0yqlrqv9e9je6g80b3j0d2x 10 11169 84240 2022-05-19T08:33:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Helpbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <includeonly>{{Intricate template}}</includeonly> {{uses TemplateStyles|Template:Helpbox/styles.css}} {{Generic template demo |title |group1 |list1 |group2 |list2 |list3={{longitem|{{{list3}}}<br/>''without {{{group3}}}''}} |list4=''ditto'' {{{list4}}} |group5<!--={{longitem|{{{group5}}}<br/>{{nobold|''without {{{list5}}}''}}}}--> |group6 |list6={{{list6}}}<br/>''...... etc ......'' |group20 |list20}} This template allows a help-related [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigation template]] to be set up relatively quickly by supplying it with one or more lists of links. == Usual syntax == <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Helpbox | name = <!-- or: | templatename = --> | title = <!-- or, if templatename used: | name = --> | group1 = | list1 = | group2 = | list2 = <!-- etc, to: --> | group20 = | list20 = }} </pre> == Parameters == ===Required=== ; ''title'' &nbsp;{{nobold|(or, if ''templatename'' used (see below),}} ''name''{{nobold|)}} : The template's title, centered at the top of the template. ; ''list<sub>n</sub>'' : (i.e. ''list1'', ''list2'', etc.) The body of the template, usually a list of links. Format is inline, although the text can be entered on separate lines if the entire list is enclosed within {{tag|div}}. At least one ''list'' parameter is required. Each ''list<sub>n</sub>'' may be preceded by a corresponding ''group<sub>n</sub>'' parameter, if provided (see below). There is a limit of 20 lists/groups in a template. ===Optional=== ; ''group<sub>n</sub>'' : (i.e. ''group1'', ''group2'', etc.) If specified, text appears in a header displayed above ''list<sub>n</sub>''. ; first unnamed parameter : Inline [[CSS]] for the template. ; ''name'' &nbsp;{{nobold|(or, if ''name'' used as above,}} ''templatename''{{nobold|)}} : The template's pagename, activating the inclusion of the {{smaller|V•T•E}} links in its bottom righthand corner. [[Template:Helpbox]]'s pagename, for example, is "Helpbox". == Example == {{Helpbox |width:17.5em | name = Helpbox/doc | class = plainlist | title = [[:Category:Wikipedia policies|Wikipedia policy]] | group1 = Article standards | list1 = *[[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] *[[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] *[[Wikipedia:No original research|No original research]] *[[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|Biographies of living persons]] | group2 = Working with others | list2 = *[[Wikipedia:Civility|Civility]] *[[Wikipedia:Consensus|Consensus]] *[[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|No personal attacks]] *[[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]] *[[WP:LEGAL|No legal threats]] | group3 = Global principles | list3 = *[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] *[[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]] }} <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Helpbox |width:17.5em | name = Helpbox/doc | class = plainlist | title = [[:Category:Wikipedia policies|Wikipedia policy]] | group1 = Article standards | list1 = *[[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] *[[Wikipedia:Verifiability|Verifiability]] *[[Wikipedia:No original research|No original research]] *[[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|Biographies of living persons]] | group2 = Working with others | list2 = *[[Wikipedia:Civility|Civility]] *[[Wikipedia:Consensus|Consensus]] *[[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|No personal attacks]] *[[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution|Dispute resolution]] *[[WP:LEGAL|No legal threats]] | group3 = Global principles | list3 = *[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|What Wikipedia is not]] *[[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|Ignore all rules]] }} </pre> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Sidebar meta-templates]] }}</includeonly> m70ksvep7utyx49of1jkk37d42d74d3 10 11170 84241 2022-05-19T08:34:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Helpbox/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .help-box { background: #f5faff; line-height: 1.6em; } .help-box .sidebar-title { background: #cee0f2; font-size: 130%; padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; /* gap before first heading/content */ margin-bottom: 6px; } .help-box .sidebar-heading { background: #cee0f2; padding: 0.1em 0.7em 0.15em; } .help-box .sidebar-content, /* conservatively target subgroups since we're working with a metatemplate */ .help-box .sidebar-content-with-subgroup { padding-top: 0.15em; } @media all and (min-width: 720px) { .help-box { width: auto; max-width: 22em; } } r8x3ccmevl6vhprccndi102ptc4olel 10 11171 84244 84242 2022-05-19T08:36:34Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Template:Parameter names example]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Parameter names example]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] h1uxhnxai0llkdgjgpnmmacfeo902k6 10 11172 84243 2022-05-19T08:35:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Generic template demo/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Parameter names example}} <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])----> {{tl|Parameter names example}}&nbsp;– or, alternatively, {{tl|Generic template demo}}&nbsp;– is intended to assist [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]] by producing a generic instance of the template that uses [[Help:Templates#Parameters|parameters' names]] as those parameters' values. {{clear}} ==Example== The example opposite for {{tl|Infobox}}, for instance, was produced by: {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below}} <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> ==Usage notes== When {{tlf|Parameter names example}} is used on an immediate subpage of its target template&nbsp;– e.g. on the target template's /doc page&nbsp;– its own {{para|_template}} parameter identifying the target template may be omitted. In other words, the code above, if used on Template:Infobox/''page'' (where ''page'' could be "doc", "testcases", etc.), would become: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> One exception to this is the "sandbox" subpage. If the module is called from a page ending in "/sandbox", it uses that page to generate the template output, not the base page. To override this behaviour you can specify the {{para|_template}} parameter explicitly. The formatting of the parameter names can be changed with the {{para|_display}} parameter. By default, the parameter names are shown in triple braces (the [[m:Help:Templates#Parameters|parameter standard]], e.g. {{{name}}}{{thin space}}), but if {{para|_display|italics}} or {{para|_display|italic}} is set, they are shown in italics. A custom value for a parameter may be supplied by using {{para|[parameter name]|[value]}} in place of <code>|[parameter name]</code>. Any formatting for such a value&nbsp;– including, for instance, italics&nbsp;– must be supplied as part of the value (e.g. {{para|parameter|<nowiki>''value''<br/></nowiki>}}). Custom values cannot be used for parameters whose names begin with an underscore ("_"). == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation]] * [[Template:Parameters]] and [[Module:Parameters]] – generates a list of parameter names for a given template <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!----Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata----> [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> 3zzyfykumjwupu9j9jpjj4vgrt86e64 10 11173 84245 2022-05-19T08:36:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Parameter names example wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Parameter names example|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{hatnote|[[Template:Generic template demo]] and [[Template:Pnex]] redirect here.}}<!--(hatnote more noticeable here than within Documentation)--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> cjle1o3weadzp7u1v4l5clox5ri8mpi 10 11174 84246 2022-05-19T08:37:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Parameter names example/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Parameter names example}} <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])----> {{tl|Parameter names example}}&nbsp;– or, alternatively, {{tl|Generic template demo}}&nbsp;– is intended to assist [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]] by producing a generic instance of the template that uses [[Help:Templates#Parameters|parameters' names]] as those parameters' values. {{clear}} ==Example== The example opposite for {{tl|Infobox}}, for instance, was produced by: {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below}} <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> ==Usage notes== When {{tlf|Parameter names example}} is used on an immediate subpage of its target template&nbsp;– e.g. on the target template's /doc page&nbsp;– its own {{para|_template}} parameter identifying the target template may be omitted. In other words, the code above, if used on Template:Infobox/''page'' (where ''page'' could be "doc", "testcases", etc.), would become: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> One exception to this is the "sandbox" subpage. If the module is called from a page ending in "/sandbox", it uses that page to generate the template output, not the base page. To override this behaviour you can specify the {{para|_template}} parameter explicitly. The formatting of the parameter names can be changed with the {{para|_display}} parameter. By default, the parameter names are shown in triple braces (the [[m:Help:Templates#Parameters|parameter standard]], e.g. {{{name}}}{{thin space}}), but if {{para|_display|italics}} or {{para|_display|italic}} is set, they are shown in italics. A custom value for a parameter may be supplied by using {{para|[parameter name]|[value]}} in place of <code>|[parameter name]</code>. Any formatting for such a value&nbsp;– including, for instance, italics&nbsp;– must be supplied as part of the value (e.g. {{para|parameter|<nowiki>''value''<br/></nowiki>}}). Custom values cannot be used for parameters whose names begin with an underscore ("_"). == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation]] * [[Template:Parameters]] and [[Module:Parameters]] – generates a list of parameter names for a given template <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!----Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata----> [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> 3zzyfykumjwupu9j9jpjj4vgrt86e64 828 11175 84247 2022-05-19T08:37:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Parameter names example Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{parameter names example}}. local p = {} local function makeParam(s) local lb = '&#123;' local rb = '&#125;' return lb:rep(3) .. s .. rb:rep(3) end local function italicize(s) return "''" .. s .. "''" end local function plain(s) return s end function p._main(args, frame) -- Find how we want to format the arguments to the template. local formatFunc if args._display == 'italics' or args._display == 'italic' then formatFunc = italicize elseif args._display == 'plain' then formatFunc = plain else formatFunc = makeParam end -- Build the table of template arguments. local targs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then targs[v] = formatFunc(v) elseif not k:find('^_') then targs[k] = v end end targs['nocat'] = 'yes'; targs['categories'] = 'no'; targs['demo'] = 'yes'; -- Find the template name. local template if args._template then template = args._template else local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.prefixedText:find('/sandbox$') then template = currentTitle.prefixedText else template = currentTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText end end -- Call the template with the arguments. frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local success, result = pcall( frame.expandTemplate, frame, {title = template, args = targs} ) if success then return result else return '' end end function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Parameter names example' }) return p._main(args, frame) end return p a7o5z39ztbr5ehhznd1pi588b5yaqou 828 11176 84248 2022-05-19T08:38:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Parameter names example/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pnex |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |below}} This module implements {{tl|Parameter names example}} (also known as {{tl|Generic template demo}}). It creates a template demonstration such as that shown opposite. Please see [[Template:Parameter names example|the template page]] for full documentation. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 5rv8za3tcvgfr0thsfwjowxjixvzz29 10 11177 84249 2022-05-19T08:38:41Z BevoLJ 10818 #redirect [[Inyandikorugero:Parameter names example]] wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Parameter names example]] pu3kzyx5or23iqr8ujaj5jwqmlshs7l 10 11178 84250 2022-05-19T08:39:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Thin space wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="white-space: nowrap;">{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}||&thinsp;}}}}{{{1|}}}&thinsp;<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&thinsp;{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&thinsp;{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&thinsp;{{{5}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&thinsp;{{{6}}}}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&thinsp;{{{7}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&thinsp;{{{8}}}}}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&thinsp;{{{9}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|&thinsp;{{{10}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> b3t8ug596s2nqqnys55o7tsr76dnm00 10 11179 84251 2022-05-19T08:39:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Thin space/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> Displays its arguments in a {{tl|nowrap}} span separated by thin spaces (<code>&amp;thinsp;</code>). (Supports up to 10 arguments.) If only one parameter the text in parameter one is surrounded by one thin space on each side. With no parameters it will output one <code>&amp;thinsp;</code>. === Usage === {| class="wikitable" ! Input !! Output |- | <code><nowiki>{{thinspace|J.|R.|R.}} Tolkien</nowiki></code> | {{thinspace|J.|R.|R.}} Tolkien |- | <code><nowiki>{{thinspace|sin|2''φ''}}</nowiki></code> | {{thinspace|sin|2''φ''}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{thinspace|''x''|{{=}}|2}}</nowiki></code> | {{thinspace|''x''|{{=}}|2}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{thinspace|299|792|458 m/s}}</nowiki></code> | {{thinspace|299|792|458 m/s}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{thinspace}}</nowiki></code> | {{thinspace}} |- | <code><nowiki>({{thinspace|symbol}})</nowiki></code> | ({{thinspace|symbol}}) |} ==Comparisons== {{Space comparison}} {{Inline spacing templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||<!-- ++++ PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE, INSIDE INCLUDEONLY TAGS, THANK YOU. --> [[Category:Character templates]] [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> kynquj8kv8z1hmpsckk1bw11u3oewm5 10 11180 84252 2022-05-19T08:40:32Z BevoLJ 10818 #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Thin space]] wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Thin space]] {{rcat shell| {{R from merge}} }} g5gyp5tbdszq2vopib20j7aoaqysvgh 10 11181 84253 2022-05-19T08:41:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Rcat shell wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Redirect category shell]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from high-use template}} {{R to redirect template}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} p2aqcolqolaorvl3bv21oc68tkj2wxw 10 11182 84254 2022-05-19T08:41:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Redirect category shell wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | name = Redirect category shell | type = move | image = none | style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em; | textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em; | text = '''This {{Talk other|talk page|page}} is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. <small>The following [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|categories]] are used to track and monitor this redirect:</small>'''{{#if:{{{h|}}} |:: ''{{{h}}}'' }}<!-- Automatically detect protected redirects: --><includeonly>{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} |sysop|templateeditor|extendedconfirmed={{pp-move|small=yes}} }}{{#switch: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}} |sysop={{R protected|embed=yes}} |templateeditor={{pp-protected|small=yes}}{{R template protected|embed=yes}} |extendedconfirmed={{pp-protected|small=yes}}{{R extended-protected|embed=yes}} |autoconfirmed={{pp-protected|small=yes}}{{R semi-protected|embed=yes}} | <!--Not protected, or only semi-move-protected--> }}</includeonly>{{#if: {{{1|}}}||<includeonly> * {{red|'''Important – Please Read! {{maroon|This template should {{em|not}} be applied without parameters by bot nor by any automated or semi-automated process. It should {{em|not}} be used without parameters {{em|unless you want to learn how to categorize redirects}}. For editors who want to learn how to categorize redirects, this template is a {{em|learning tool}}. {{em|Only}} those editors who intend to return to the redirect to learn which rcats to use should apply this template without parameters, or with an empty first parameter!}}'''}}</includeonly> * '''Manifold sort''': If help is needed to determine appropriate categories, then this redirect populates '''{{Cat|Miscellaneous redirects}}'''. Monitors of that category will check this redirect and add or remove [[WP:RCAT|rcat]]s as needed.{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{nocat|false}}}}} | false |{{{category|<includeonly>[[Category:Miscellaneous redirects]]</includeonly>}}}}} }} {{#if: {{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{1|}}}}}{{#if: {{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}||{{#ifeq: {{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Redirect category shell||[[Category:Redirect category shell without parameters]]}}}} ''<small>When appropriate, [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection levels]] are automatically sensed, described and categorized.</small>'' }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bdz7fxnthgji09j5ub1ldwkdoyuc441 10 11183 84255 2022-05-19T08:42:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Redirect category shell/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{mbox|image=none|text={{red|'''Important – Please Read''!'' {{maroon|This template should ''not'' be applied without parameters by bot nor by any automated or semi-automated process. It should ''not'' be used without parameters ''unless you want to learn how to categorize redirects''. This template can be used as a ''learning tool'' to help editors who want to learn how to categorize redirects. ''Only'' those editors who intend to return to the redirect to learn which rcats to use should apply this template without parameters, or with an empty first parameter''!''}}'''}} <small>(more below)</small>}} {{High-use|all-pages=yes}} {{hatnote|This template supplements the redirect categorization done by adding rcats individually to redirects and by past usage of the now deprecated {{tl|This is a redirect}} template. Its creation and usage is the direct result of [[Template talk:This is a redirect|discussion]]s about the benefits and the shortcomings of the ''This is a redirect'' template.}} {{Substitution|not|nor should this template and most redirect category (rcat) templates be used to tag [[Wikipedia:Soft redirects|soft redirects]]. Two exceptions are ''{{tl|Wikidata redirect}}'', which can be used on all redirects, hard or soft, and ''{{tl|R category with possibilities}}'', which can only be used on soft redirects in the category namespace}} {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|{{Template shortcut|Rcat shell/sandbox}}|{{template shortcut|Redirect shell|R cat shell|Rcat shell|RCAT shell|Rcatsh|Redr}}}} This template is similar to {{tl|WikiProject banner shell}} in that it may be used to add one or more appropriate redirect category ([[WP:RCAT|rcat]]) templates, along with their parameters, to redirects. Additionally, this template ''automatically'' senses, describes, categorizes and changes [[WP:PP|protection levels]] when appropriate. A third important function is to help editors learn more about redirect categorization by use of the {{c|Miscellaneous redirects|manifold sort}}. For more information see the page below and the [[WP:TMR|main rcat '''index''']]. __TOC__ ==Purpose== As with the ''This is a redirect'' template, this template is based on a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Redirect/Archive 1#New meta-template(s) idea|proposal]] to standardize [[wp:redirect templates|redirect templates]] (rcats). Its basic purpose is to simplify the process of tagging and categorizing redirects. Like the ''This is a redirect'' template, this shell template is also able to help newer contributors learn the redirect category system. Details of this part of the purpose of this shell template may be found in the [[#When used alone|When used alone]] section below. Protection levels are automatically detected by this template by use of {{tl|pp-protected}} and {{tl|pp-move}}. When edit protection or move protection (or both) is applied to a redirect that has been tagged with this template, the protection level is automatically detected, and the redirect will be tagged with a protection rcat and sorted to the appropriate protection-related category(ies). When protection is altered or removed, then the protection-related rcats and category(ies) will also be (automatically) changed or removed from the redirect. This template can categorize and display the text (with parameters) of any number of rcats that are needed (usually from one to seven).<br /> <ref name="mbox" group="Mbox note">When the wiki markup of this template is opened, it is seen that this is an "mbox-based" template. "Mbox" stands for "multi namespace message box", which is a meta-[[Help:A quick guide to templates|template]] that works in all namespaces. There can be a problem with this mbox unless editors are careful to place ''Redirect category shell'' '''on its own line at the ''very beginning of the line'''''. If this is done then all is well; if this is not done, then [[HTML Tidy]] may interfere with the mbox and cause this template to appear in an abnormal and unexpected manner when saved. So be careful where you leave this template placed in a redirect's Edit screen, take another look at the above [[#goodread|readability guide]], and be sure to preview your edits – all your edits. : '''{{green|Correct:}}''' <pre> #REDIRECT [[(target page)]] {{Redirect category shell|| {{R unprintworthy}} }} </pre> : '''{{red|''Not'' correct:}}''' <pre> #REDIRECT [[(target page)]] {{Redirect category shell||{{R unprintworthy}}}} </pre> : ''A blank line is usually placed between the redirect target and this template to make the "Edit" screen easier to read.''</ref> <ref name="printworthiness" group="Printworthiness note">Where the [[WP:printworthiness|printworthiness]] of a [[WP:mainspace|mainspace]] redirect is concerned, there are three kinds of [[WP:RCAT|rcat]]s: # those that populate the {{c|Printworthy redirects}} category by default, # those that populate the {{c|Unprintworthy redirects}} category by default, and # those that do not default to either of the above, and which leave it to the editor to decide based upon best knowledge whether or not a mainspace redirect is suitable for a printed or DVD version of ''Wikipedia''. At present, those that are types 1 and 2 will populate the appropriate printworthiness category, however the notice will not appear within the mbox of this template unless either {{tl|R printworthy}} or {{tl|R unprintworthy}} is listed as an rcat within this template. For example, if a redirect is tagged with: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from ambiguous term}} }} </pre> ...then the hidden categories populated will be {{c|Redirects from ambiguous pages}}, {{c|Unprintworthy redirects}} and any appropriate protection categories. These will appear at the bottom of the redirect page only to registered users who are logged in and who have set their preferences to see hidden categories. The mbox that will appear to all readers would look like: {{Redirect category shell| {{R from ambiguous term/demo|embed=yes}} }} To show the printability or printworthiness information in the mbox, then the redirect must be tagged with either the printworthy or unprintworthy rcat as in the following example: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from ambiguous term}} {{R unprintworthy}} }} </pre> ...which produces: {{Redirect category shell| {{R from ambiguous term/demo|embed=yes}} {{R unprintworthy|embed=yes}} }} '''''Only then''' will the printability, ''printworthy'' or ''unprintworthy'', be described within this template's mbox on the redirect page.''</ref> ==Usage== Used by itself with no parameters, for example, {{tlc|Redirect category shell}} (and its alias {{tlc|Rcat shell}}), the template will appear as it does at the top of this page, and the redirect will populate {{Cat|Miscellaneous redirects}}. That category will also be populated if the first parameter is left empty while rcats occupy the second parameter. This is useful when an editor adds rcats and yet feels unsure that there may be at least one other rcat with category that may be used to tag the redirect. Monitors of the ''Miscellaneous redirects'' category will then help decide if another rcat(s) is needed. Then the empty first parameter may be excluded by removing either the first or second pipe. That will remove the redirect from ''Category:Miscellaneous redirects''. [[#When used alone|See below]] for more information. This template may hold any number of different redirect category ([[WP:RCAT|rcat]]) templates, usually from one to seven. The choices for editors are listed at [[Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages]] both alphabetically and by function. Any of those rcats may be used either with their full template name, e.g., '''R from alternative language''', or with an alias (shortcut redirect), which may be found in each rcat's [[WP:TDOC|documentation]]. An unnamed parameter, {{para|1}}, has been introduced in this template and works as follows: <pre> {{Redirect category shell|1= {{rcat 1}} {{rcat 2}} {{rcat 3}} {{rcat N}} }} </pre> : ''or'' the {{code|1{{=}}}} may be omitted: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{rcat 1}} {{rcat 2}} {{rcat 3}} {{rcat N}} }} </pre> As with all templates that have unnamed (numbered) parameters, the numbers and equal signs may be omitted. "N" represents the highest number of rcats that can be used in this template, and at this point the only limit would be any wiki markup ceiling that may exist. Usually, from one to seven rcats suffice; however, more rcats can be used if required. The actual sequence of rcats is left to editors – there is no priority as to which rcat should be "first" and which rcats should "follow" in any particular order. A second unnamed parameter, {{para|2}}, has also been introduced. This gives this template the same "help" functionality that is used in the ''This is a redirect'' template. If the first parameter is left "empty", then {{cat|Miscellaneous redirects}} will be populated: <pre> {{Redirect category shell|1=|2= {{rcat 1}} {{rcat 2}} {{rcat N}} }} </pre> :''or'' if a second pipe is placed directly after the first pipe, then that will accomplish the same manifold sort: <pre> {{Redirect category shell|| {{rcat 1}} {{rcat 2}} {{rcat N}} }} </pre> Note the double pipe after the word "shell" above, which indicates an empty first parameter. Editors who monitor the ''Miscellaneous redirects'' category will come to the redirect and check, add or remove rcats as needed. Also, when used by itself this template will appear as it does at the top of this page and populate the ''Miscellaneous redirects'' category: <pre> {{Redirect category shell}} </pre> {{anchor|goodread}} This template may be added to a redirect page in the following manner: <pre> #REDIRECT [[(target page name)]] {{Redirect category shell|| {{R from short name}} {{R unprintworthy}} }} </pre> : It can be noted here that the rcats can also go on the same line as the ''Redirect category shell'' template: <pre> #REDIRECT [[(target page name)]] {{Redirect category shell||{{R from short name}}{{R unprintworthy}}}} </pre> : Again, note the double pipe after "shell" above, which indicates an empty first parameter. Leave the first parameter empty to sort a redirect to {{cat|Miscellaneous redirects}} ''in addition to'' the categories of the rcats that are used. In this case the {{c|Redirects from short names}} and {{c|Unprintworthy redirects}} categories will also be populated. Monitors of the "Miscellaneous redirects" category will help editors when needed. Generally for good readability on the edit screen, this template is placed beginning on the third line of that screen as follows: <pre> Line 1: #REDIRECT [[(target page name)]] </pre> Line 2: {{red|<small>(please leave this line blank for emphasis and ease of reading by editors)</small>}} <pre> Line 3: {{Redirect category shell|{{R from move}}{{R to section}}{{R printworthy}}}} </pre> : ''See also: section titled '''[[#Mbox-based|Mbox note]]''' below.'' === Parameters === In addition to the unnamed {{para|1}} and {{para|2}} parameters, there is a "hatnote" parameter, {{para|h}}, which provides an italicized TOP note when needed. For example: <pre> {{Redirect category shell|h=This code has not been confirmed as an [[International Air Transport Association airport code|IATA]] airport code.| {{R from airport code}} }} </pre> ...uses the rcat {{tl|R from airport code}} and produces:<!-- Note: An Mbox is used below rather than the template to illustrate the error box, which only appears on redirect pages. --> {{Mbox | name = This is a redirect/rcat | type = move | image = none | style = margin-top: 1.1em; border: solid 1px darkblue; border-left-width: 0.5em; | textstyle = padding-top: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 0.9em; | text = [[File:Symbol redirect arrow with gradient.svg|25px|link=]] '''This page is a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]]. <small>The following [[Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects|categories]] are used to track and monitor this redirect:</small>''' :: ''This code has not been confirmed as an [[International Air Transport Association airport code|IATA]] airport code.'' * {{R from airport code|embed=yes}} {{Ombox|type=content|image=[[File:Stop hand orange.svg|50px]]|text={{Error|The above [[WP:RCAT|rcat]] should only be used to categorize redirects that are in the ''[[WP:main|main]]'' namespace.}}}} ''<small>When appropriate, [[WP:PP|protection levels]] are automatically sensed, described and categorized.</small>'' }} :''An error box appears that illustrates what happens if an editor uses an rcat in the wrong namespace. Correct namespaces are found on individual rcat documentation pages. In addition to the error box, the redirect '''''will not''''' be sorted to the rcat's category; instead it will populate '''''{{cat|Pages with templates in the wrong namespace}}!''' ''If an error box appears when an edit is '''previewed''', then appropriate changes can be made ''before'' the redirect page is actually '''saved'''.'' :''Also, note the pipe symbol ''(|)'' that follows the text in the {{para|h}} parameter. If this pipe is omitted, very unusual results will be seen when your edit is previewed or saved. Be sure to include that pipe at the very end of the text if the {{para|h}} parameter is used to form a hatnote.'' ==== Rcat parameters ==== In addition to this template's ability to act as a shell template for rcats, it accepts all of the parameters that rcats accept. Rcat parameters, when needed, will work in this template as follows: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from plural|printworthy}} }} </pre> This subdues the {{c|Unprintworthy redirects}} category to which {{tl|R from plural}} defaults and populates the {{c|Printworthy redirects}} category instead. The position an rcat holds will have no effect on the parameters of other rcats that are used to tag a redirect: <pre style="font-size:95%;overflow:auto;"> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from modification}} {{R from alternative name}} {{R from alternative language|en|es}} {{R for convenience}} {{R from plural|printworthy}} {{R printworthy}} }} </pre> In the above example, {{tl|R from plural}} is the sixth rcat, and its first parameter is used to change from "unprintworthy" to "printworthy". {{tl|R from alternative language}}) holds the 4th position, and its first parameter is used to house the [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Redirect language codes|ISO 639 language code]] of the source language, in this case '''<code>{{nbsp}}en{{nbsp}}</code>''' for [[English language|English]]. Its second parameter houses the language code for the targeted page, in this case '''<code>{{nbsp}}es{{nbsp}}</code>''' for the [[Spanish language]]. It does not matter if the relative position of these rcats changes for any reason, their individual parameters will continue to be effective. If more rcat parameters are used, then they work the same way. For example, if a redirect exists that is a misspelling of a title, it can be tagged with {{tl|R from misspelling}} in the following manner: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from misspelling|(correct spelling if needed)|printworthy}} {{R printworthy}} }} </pre> In this case, the rcat's ''{{para|1}}'' parameter is the correct spelling (used only if the target of the redirect is '''not''' the correct spelling). The rcat's ''{{para|2}}'' parameter can be used to change from the default "unprintworthy" categorization. Some misspellings may be helpful in a printed version of ''Wikipedia'', so the second parameter in ''R from misspelling'' above is used to subdue its default "unprintworthy" category sort, and the redirect will populate {{cat|Printworthy redirects}} instead. In this shell template, the order of the rcats will not affect the rcats' parameters. If an editor checks the page history and finds that the above redirect is also the result of a page move and inserts {{tl|R from move}} at the top of the order: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from misspelling|(correct spelling)|printworthy}} {{R printworthy}} }} </pre> ...the parameters of the ''R from misspelling'' rcat template will not be affected, as they may be when used in the ''This is a redirect'' template. An example of a "printworthy misspelling" can be found at template {{tl|R from misspelling}}. '''Another example:''' <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from alternative language|ja|es}} {{R unprintworthy}} }} </pre> The above code will sort the redirect into three categories: * {{c|Redirects from Japanese-language terms}} ({{para|1|ja}}), * {{c|Redirects to Spanish-language terms}} ({{para|2|es}}) and * {{c|Unprintworthy redirects}} ''See the lists of [[List of ISO 639-1 codes|ISO 639-1]] and [[List of ISO 639-2 codes|ISO 639-2]] codes for two- and three-letter language codes that can be used this way. See also [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Redirect language codes]] for common codes that are already used on redirects.'' === When used alone === This template is designed to help contributors who are unfamiliar with categorizing redirects by enabling them to sort redirects into the monitored {{c|Miscellaneous redirects}} category. Do not hesitate to use this important function to help with sorting redirects to correct and appropriate categories. There are two ways to sort a redirect into the ''Miscellaneous redirects category''. When this template is used without any rcats, it will perform the miscellaneous sort: {{tlx|Redirect category shell}}... {{Redirect category shell|nocat=true}} Also, if one or more rcats are known, but an editor is unsure that there might be one or more ''other'' rcats that are needed, then leave the first parameter blank (type two pipes together → <code>||</code>): <pre> {{Redirect category shell|| {{R from subtopic}} {{R printworthy}} }} </pre> {{Redirect category shell|nocat=true|| {{R from subtopic|embed=yes}} {{R printworthy|embed=yes}} }} Monitors of the ''Miscellaneous redirects'' category will check the redirect, add other rcats if needed and then remove the empty first parameter. ==Comparison== [[Template:Redirect category shell/Comparison]] shows the difference in the appearance of text between when individual rcats are used and when this template is used. ==Other templates== This template may also carry and hold other templates within it. Even the {{tl|DEFAULTSORT}} magic word and a [[WP:sort key|sort key]] may be used either inside this template or below it. Another template commonly used within the ''Redirect category shell'' template is {{tl|Italic title}} and its shortcut to format titles in italics. Some rcats such as {{tl|R from book}} and {{tl|R from film}} automatically format the redirect names in italics. Any appropriate template may be used within this shell template in the following manner: <pre> {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from alternative name}} {{Italic title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbit, The}} }} </pre> ==Notes== {{anchor|Mbox-based}} '''Mbox note''' {{Reflist|group="Mbox note"}} '''Printworthiness note''' {{See also|Wikipedia:Printability}} {{Reflist|group="Printworthiness note"}} ==See also== * {{tl|Talk page of a redirect}}, to "[[WP:SRD|soft]]" redirect a [[WP:subject page|subject page]]'s talk page that has already been created '''''and given content''''' (project banners, deletion/merge notices, discussions) * [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]], for questions related to this template's ability to detect protection levels * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages]], a functional and an alphabetical index of rcats * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Redirect/Style guide|WikiProject Redirect/Style guide]] ==Tracking categories== * {{clc|Redirect category shell without parameters}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Redirect categories", "description": "1 or more redirect category templates.", "example": "{{R from alternative name}}", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "2": { "label": "Redirect categories (more needed)", "description": "Same as Redirect categories, except that the redirect is also added to Category:Miscellaneous redirects.", "type": "content" }, "h": { "label": "Hatnote", "description": "A hatnote to display above the redirect categories.", "type": "line" }, "nocat": { "label": "No category", "description": "Don't add this redirect to Category:Miscellaneous redirects, even if Redirect categories has been left empty.", "type": "boolean" }, "category": { "label": "Category", "description": "The category to add this redirect to if the Redirect categories parameter is empty. Defaults to Category:Miscellaneous redirects.", "example": "[[Category:Miscellaneous redirects]]", "type": "line" } }, "description": "This template may be used to add one or more appropriate redirect category (rcat) templates, along with their parameters, to redirects. Additionally, this template automatically senses, describes, categorizes and changes protection levels when appropriate.", "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "h", "nocat", "category" ] } </templatedata> {{R template index}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:WikiProject Redirect templates|Redirect category shell]] [[Category:Redirect templates| ]] [[Category:Template shell templates]] }}</includeonly> pvoy0ikj407nw4bekbrod6djnfw5eds 10 11184 84256 2022-05-19T08:42:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cat wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 38rpkmi9jaidhvfwx6zi15vlj5b78p7 10 11185 84257 2022-05-19T08:43:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cat/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === Creates a link to the specified category. Canonalizes the displayed category name. '''Example:''' * {{tlx|Cat|Stubs}} → {{Cat|Stubs}} * {{tlx|Cat|stubs}} → {{Cat|stubs}} * {{tlx|Cat|cat:stubs}} → {{Cat|Category:stubs}} * {{tlx|Cat|category:stubs}} → {{Cat|Category:stubs}} === See also === * {{tl|c}} – pipetricked category name &ndash; skips 'Category:' and displays bare link. * {{tl|cl}} – links to category and includes the 'Category:' label * {{tl|cls}} – compromise macro between 'C' and 'Cat': <nowiki>[[:Category:{{{1}}}|Cat:{{{1}}}]]</nowiki> * {{tl|catlist}} – list of many, variable output format * {{tl|cat see also}} – list of many, fixed output format for a category-namespace hatnote '''With administration links:''' * {{tl|lc}} – Category name and full links &ndash; for administration and discussion pages * {{tl|lcs}} – Category name and '''s'''maller set of links &ndash; same purposes, <br />but note, both are useful from within preview screens as well to explore and study relationships, or make related changes. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> kf4uxb1f9eml3oa3s54puuqzq27x3pg 10 11186 84258 2022-05-19T08:44:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strikethrough wikitext text/x-wiki <s>{{{1}}}</s><noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 22dnvatu30oumo701l37y4yls49wom8 10 11187 84259 2022-05-19T08:45:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strikethrough/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{High-use}} {{Template shortcuts|Strike|S}} {{tl|Strikethrough}} draws a line through the text that is its parameter. This is done by embedding the parameter in an HTML {{tag|s}} element, producing output such as: {{strikethrough|this, i.e. text with a line drawn through its middle.}} Outside articles, it can be used to mark something as no longer accurate or relevant without removing it from view. Do not use it, however, to indicate [[document]] edits; to mark a span of text as having been removed from a document, use {{tag|del}}, <del>which is aesthetically similar</del>. This template should be used within one block (paragraph); it should not wrap around multiple paragraphs or even multiple bullet points, and it does not appear(?) to be able to wrap [external links] either. See the example below for wrapping multiple bullets. ==Example== {{Markup |width=auto |col1={{align|left|Markup}} |col2={{align|left|Output}} | <nowiki>{{strikethrough|HyperText Markup Language}}</nowiki> | {{strikethrough|HyperText Markup Language}} }} ===How to wrap a block of text=== To wrap text that contains line breaks, use {{tl|Strikethroughdiv}} instead. {{Markup |width=auto |col1={{align|left|Markup}} |col2={{align|left|Output}} | <nowiki>{{strikethroughdiv| * This * That * And another thing}}</nowiki> | {{strikethroughdiv| * This * That * And another thing}} }} ==See also== * [[Help:Wiki markup#Strikethrough]] * {{tl|Strikethrough color}} — differently color the strikethrough-line and the text * {{tl|Strikethroughdiv}} – apply strikethrough formatting to text containing line breaks <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> lqwbjfrpvzd9kta8po7csm2kykuvyct 10 11188 84260 2022-05-19T08:45:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strikethroughdiv wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-decoration: line-through"><nowiki/> {{{1}}} </div><noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata. --> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lqgnsrkogm03xripgebtyw1csalpayr 10 11189 84261 2022-05-19T08:45:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strikethroughdiv/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcuts|Strikediv}} {{tl|Strikethroughdiv}} is a sibling template to {{tl|Strikethrough}}, intended for use with block-level elements. This template draws a line through a block of text that is its parameter. This is done by embedding the parameter in an HTML {{tag|div}} element, producing output such as: {{strikethroughdiv|* This, i.e. bulleted text with a line drawn through its middle. *And a second line, also contained within the Strikethroughdiv template}} Outside articles, it can be used to mark something as no longer accurate or relevant without removing it from view. Do not use it, however, to indicate [[document]] edits; to mark a span of text as having been removed from a document, use {{tag|del}}. This template can be used to wrap around multiple paragraphs or even multiple bullet points. To wrap a simple string of text, {{tl|Strikethrough}} is recommended. ===Usage recommendation=== Because blocks of text are likely to contain an = character, it is recommended that the content of {{tl|Strikethroughdiv}} be preceded by {{para|1}}, as shown in the example below. ==Example== {{Markup |width=auto |col1={{align|left|Markup}} |col2={{align|left|Output}} | <nowiki>{{strikethroughdiv|1= * This * That * And another thing}}</nowiki> | {{strikethroughdiv|1= * This * That * And another thing}} }} ==See also== * [[Help:Wiki markup#Strikethrough]] * {{tl|Strikethrough}} – for a string of text without line breaks * {{tl|Strikethrough color}} — differently color the strikethrough-line and the text * {{tl|Smalldiv}} – block-level template for reducing text size <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> g4ff31kbtj2no5j5ztff4mxl8jg3oq3 10 11190 84262 2022-05-19T08:46:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hlist wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|horizontal}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> ihcdy525o8nnmq114czc48dpk6pnojd 10 11192 84264 2022-05-19T08:47:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hlist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Citethispage-content]]}} {{Lua|Module:List}} {{tlr|clear=right|Horizontal list|dotlist|hlist1}} This template creates [[WP:HLIST|horizontal lists]]. Each item in the list may be individually styled with [[CSS]]. __TOC__ {{-}} == Usage == '''Basic usage''' {{pre|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>hlist<nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>...<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} '''All parameters''' {{pre| <nowiki>{{</nowiki>hlist <nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>... <nowiki>|class = </nowiki>''class for div tag'' <nowiki>|style = </nowiki>''style for div tag'' <nowiki>|list_style = </nowiki>''style for ul tag'' <nowiki>|item_style = </nowiki>''style for all li tags'' <nowiki>|item1_style = </nowiki>''style for first li tag'' <nowiki>|item2_style = </nowiki>''style for second li tag'' <nowiki>|</nowiki>... <nowiki>|indent = </nowiki>''the number of tabs to indent'' <nowiki>}}</nowiki> }} == Parameters == * Positional parameters (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>...): these are the list items. If no list items are present, the module will output nothing. * <code>class</code>: a custom class for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list. Set to <code>inline</code> when using {{tlf|hlist}} inside text. * <code>style</code>: a custom CSS style for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>font-size: 90%;</code>. * <code>list_style</code>: a custom CSS style for the {{tag|ul}} tags around the list. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item_style</code>: a custom CSS style for all of the list items (the {{tag|li}} tags). The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item1_style</code>, <code>item2_style</code>, <code>item3_style</code>...: custom CSS styles for each of the list items. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>indent</code>: the number of tabs to indent the list. Default value is 0. == Examples == {{markup | <nowiki>{{hlist|entry1|entry2|entry3|entry4|entry5|entry6|entry7|entry8|entry9}}</nowiki> | {{hlist|entry1|entry2|entry3|entry4|entry5|entry6|entry7|entry8|entry9}} | <nowiki>Giant planets ({{hlist|[[Jupiter|J]]|[[Saturn|S]]|[[Uranus|U]]|[[Neptune|N]]}}).</nowiki> | Giant planets ({{hlist|[[Jupiter|J]]|[[Saturn|S]]|[[Uranus|U]]|[[Neptune|N]]}}). | <nowiki>Giant planets ({{hlist|class=inline|[[Jupiter|J]]|[[Saturn|S]]|[[Uranus|U]]|[[Neptune|N]]}}).</nowiki> | Giant planets ({{hlist|class=inline|[[Jupiter|J]]|[[Saturn|S]]|[[Uranus|U]]|[[Neptune|N]]}}). | <nowiki>{{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|indent=2}}</nowiki> | {{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|indent=2}} | <nowiki>{{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item_style=color:blue;}}</nowiki> | {{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item_style=color:blue;}} | <nowiki>{{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}</nowiki> | {{hlist|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}} }} == Avoiding Linter errors == {{tlf|hlist}} will produce [[Wikipedia:Linter|Linter]] [[Special:LintErrors/misc-tidy-replacement-issues|errors]] if placed inside a template that uses {{tag|span}} tags, such as {{tl|small}}, {{tl|larger}}, etc. To avoid this, use the substitutions from the table below: {| {{table}} ! Incorrect markup !! Correct markup |- | <code><nowiki>{{small|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:85%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{resize|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:90%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{midsize|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:92%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{larger|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:110%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{big|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:120%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{large|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:large}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{huge|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:180%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{resize|x%|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:x%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{font|size=x%|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=font-size:x%}}</nowiki></code> |- | <code><nowiki>{{nowrap|{{hlist|...}}}}</nowiki></code> || <code><nowiki>{{hlist|...|style=white-space: nowrap}}</nowiki></code> |} {{navbox lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> ht9ccnd6ppimvfelo3kbxm4nsjs30u2 10 11193 84265 2022-05-19T08:47:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox lists wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:HTML lists]] {{R from move}} g95cnhimutsd14rvq5fqfs6l9bicefi 10 11194 84266 2022-05-19T08:47:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:HTML lists wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox top |name= HTML lists |title=HTML lists |state=<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly> |above = More information: {{hlist | [[Help:List]] | [[WP:List dos and don'ts]] | [[WP:Manual of Style/Embedded lists]] | {{section link|WP:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Lists}} | [[WP:WikiProject Lists]] }} }} {| style="width:100%; text-align:left;" ! style="text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;" | Flat | style="vertical-align:top; width:30%"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|hlist}}}} |- | {{tlx|hlist |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{hlist |item1 |item2 |...}} |} | style="vertical-align:top; width:30%"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|flatlist}}}} |- | {{tlx|flatlist|<br />* item1<br />* item2<br />* ...}} |- | <hr /> {{flatlist| * item1 * item2 * ... }} |} | style="vertical-align:top; width:30%"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|cslist}}}} |- | {{tlx|cslist |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{cslist |item1 |item2 |...}} |- !style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|bold list}}}} |- | {{tlx|bold list |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{bold list |item1 |item2 |...}} |} |- ! style="text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;" | Bulleted and Ordered | style="vertical-align:top;"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|bulleted list}}}} |- | {{tlx|bulleted list |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{bulleted list |item1 |item2 |...}} |} | style="vertical-align:top;"| | style="vertical-align:top;"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|ordered list}}}} |- | {{tlx|Ordered list |list_style_type{{=}}lower-alpha&nbsp;|first&nbsp;|second&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{Ordered list |list_style_type=lower-alpha |first |second |...}} |} |- ! style="text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;" | Unbulleted | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|unbulleted list}}}} |- | {{tlx|unbulleted list |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{unbulleted list|item1|item2|...}} |} | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|plainlist}}}} |- | {{tlx|plainlist|<br />* item1<br />* item2<br />* ...}} |- | <hr /> {{plainlist| * item1 * item2 * ... }} |} | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|glossary}}}}<br />([[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries|glossary]], description, definition, association) |- | {{tlx|glossary}}<br /> {{tlx|term|first term}} {{tlx|defn|first description}}<br /> {{tnull|term|second term}} {{tnull|defn|second description}}<br /> {{tnull|term|...}} {{tnull|defn|....}}<br /> {{mono|{{tl|glossary end}}}} |- | <hr /> {{glossary}} {{term|first term}} {{defn|first description}} {{term|second term}} {{defn|second description}} {{term|...}} {{defn|....}} {{glossary end}} |} |- ! style="text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;" | Other | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|flowlist}}}} |- | <code><nowiki>[[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px]]</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlx|flowlist|<br />*item1<br />*item2<br />*...}} |- | <hr /> [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px]] {{flowlist| *item1 *item2 *... }} |} | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|columns-list}}}} |- | {{tlx|columns-list|colwidth{{=}}5em|<br /># first<br /># second<br /># third<br /># ...}} |- | <hr /> {{columns-list|colwidth=5em| # first # second # third # ... }} |} | style="vertical-align:top"| {| style="width:100%" ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align:center;" | {{mono|{{tl|colored list}}}} |- | {{tlx|colored list |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|item3&nbsp;|...}} |- | <hr /> {{colored list |item1&nbsp;|item2&nbsp;|item3&nbsp;|...}} |} |} {{navbox bottom |below = {{cl|List formatting and function templates‎}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata --> </noinclude> spfdlar7bonku8l0f1hddsyzhckz2yo 10 11195 84267 2022-05-19T08:48:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:HTML lists/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This navbox is intended for use at the bottom of the documentation pages of list-generating and -formatting templates. It takes no parameters. <!--==See also== --> <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 9yjfqlulavnynjlilcbisow4y63o8im 10 11196 84268 2022-05-19T08:48:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox top wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:navbox top and bottom|top}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pd6fsn315beqq337u11zsa9nhtokeo9 10 11197 84269 2022-05-19T08:49:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox top/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Navbox top and bottom}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This template may be used for embedding wikitables (or other difficult to embed content) inside of navboxes. == Usage == The syntax is the same syntax used for {{tl|navbox}} with the table placed between the {{tld|navbox top}} and {{tld|navbox bottom}} templates. Any content that would normally appear before the first list (<code>list1</code>) should be passed to the <code>top</code> template, and any content that would normally appear after the first list (<code>list1</code>) should be passed to the <code>bottom</code> template. Any content passed through {{para|list1}} is ignored. == Examples == === Simple example === <syntaxhighlight lang=moin> {{navbox top | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = Title | state = {{{state|}}} | above = Above }} {| style="width:100%" class="wraplinks" ! Header1 ! Header2 |- | Item 1 | Item 2 |} {{navbox bottom|below=Below}}</syntaxhighlight> {{navbox top | name = Navbox top/doc | title = Title | above = Above | state = expanded | below = Below }} {| style="width:100%" class="wraplinks" ! Header1 ! Header2 |- | Item 1 | Item 2 |} {{navbox bottom|below=Below}} === Scrolling table === <syntaxhighlight lang=moin> {{navbox top | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | title = Title | above = Above | state = {{{state|}}} | innerstyle = table-layout:fixed }}<div style="overflow:auto"> {| style="width:100%;min-width:150em" class="wraplinks" ! Header1 ! Header2 |- | Item 1 | Item 2 |}</div> {{navbox bottom|below=Below}}</syntaxhighlight> {{navbox top | name = Navbox top/doc | title = Title | above = Above | state = expanded | innerstyle = table-layout:fixed }}<div style="overflow:auto"> {| style="width:100%;min-width:150em" class="wraplinks" ! Header1 ! Header2 ! Header3 ! Header4 ! Header5 ! Header6 ! Header7 ! Header8 ! Header9 |- | Item 1 | Item 2 | Item 3 | Item 4 | Item 5 | Item 6 | Item 7 | Item 8 | Item 9 |}</div> {{navbox bottom|below=Below}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> n8e8bham0wdgbo5y7c7wwi8777wlnwa 828 11198 84270 2022-05-19T08:49:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox top and bottom Scribunto text/plain -- This implements {{navbox top}} and {{navbox bottom}} local p = {} local function build_navbox(parentArgs, list) local args = {} for argName, value in pairs(parentArgs) do if value ~= '' then if type(argName) == 'string' then args[argName] = value end end end args['bodystyle'] = 'display:table;' .. (args['bodystyle'] or '') args['list1padding'] = '0' args['list1style'] = 'border-width:0;' args['list1'] = list -- Note Navbox.navbox() has a kludge to order the parent frame's args -- into a specific order. For now, this is omitted from this module. local Navbox = require('Module:Navbox') return Navbox._navbox(args) end function p.top(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local parts = mw.text.split(build_navbox(args, '<ADD LIST HERE>'), '<ADD LIST HERE>') return parts[1] end function p.bottom(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local parts = mw.text.split(build_navbox(args, '<ADD LIST HERE>'), '<ADD LIST HERE>') return parts[2] end return p k4u6pww6woolztix1exofx2t2yk7vf6 828 11199 84271 2022-05-19T08:50:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbox top and bottom/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Module rating|Values: pre-alpha • alpha • beta • release • protected • semiprotected -- If a rating not needed/relevant, delete this template call}} --> {{Lua|Module:Navbox}} == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:Navbox top and bottom|''function_name''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 741lawh2i4s9qb7sxm7y3or2lkrq8v6 10 11200 84272 2022-05-19T08:57:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox bottom wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:navbox top and bottom|bottom}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Navbox top/doc}}</noinclude> bwhjfft0rnpktg14lfnmvcypl0jjozg 10 11201 84273 2022-05-19T08:58:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tld wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link code]] m8isvw3phvjr9rfkupy4uef5yqajks7 10 11202 84274 2022-05-19T09:01:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bold list wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Bold list|main|conj={{{conj|or}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|A|B|C}} {{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4xbkbb9dw1j891xehwh6dvob3f3a07t 10 11203 84275 2022-05-19T09:01:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bold list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{lua|Module:Bold list}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{template shortcut|bdlist|boldlist}} {{May be substituted}} This template can be used to create lists with bolded items, separated by unbolded commas and a conjunction. For example: <code><nowiki>{{Bold list|apple|banana|cucumber|durian}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Bold list|apple|banana|cucumber|durian}}. This may be useful in article leads, where alternate names are often stated in bold, and saves editors from having to manually bold and unbold. == Usage == <code>{{((}}Bold list |conj=and <em>(optional)</em> |item1 |item2 |item3 |...{{))}}</code> == Parameters == * Positional parameters (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>...) – the list items. * <code>conj</code> – allows a custom [[Conjunction (grammar)|conjunction]] to be used (e.g. "and", "[[and/or]]" instead of the default "or") ==Examples== *<code><nowiki>{{Bold list|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Bold list|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z}} *<code><nowiki>{{Bold list|conj=and|hardy hibiscus|rose of sharon|tropical hibiscus}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Bold list|conj=and|hardy hibiscus|rose of sharon|tropical hibiscus}} {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> ar7rh3fj3drej5l5zk4otsob61arwof 828 11204 84276 2022-05-19T09:02:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Bold list Scribunto text/plain -- Written by User:Ahecht in response to a thread at [[WP:VPI]] return { main = function(frame) args = {} for i, v in ipairs(frame:getParent().args) do table.insert(args, v) end conj = "'''" .. (#args > 2 and ", " or " ") .. (frame.args.conj or "or") .. " '''" return "'''"..mw.text.listToText(args, "''', '''", conj).."'''" end } 8i7vn5w9ea3i5kqqwq6cidxq7lfugjt 10 11205 84277 2022-05-19T09:02:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bulleted list wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|bulleted}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 6i48hhgfh5fc81eswo5wmwb9rx7sypn 10 11206 84278 2022-05-19T09:03:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bulleted list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:List}} {{Template shortcuts|clear=right|blist|bulleted|ulist|unordered list}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> This template may be used to generate a [[bulleted list]] in similar vein to [[HTML]]'s [[HTML element|{{tag|ul}} list]]. A typical application is within captions, where the equivalent [[Help:Wikitext|wiki markup]] (asterisks at the starts of new lines) may be awkward or impossible to use. == Usage == :<code><nowiki>{{bulleted list |item1 |item2 |...}}</nowiki></code> == Parameters == * Positional parameters (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>...) – these are the list items. If no list items are present, the module will output nothing. * <code>class</code> – a custom class for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>plainlinks</code>. * <code>style</code> – a custom css style for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>font-size: 90%;</code>. * <code>list_style</code> – a custom css style for the list itself. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item_style</code> – a custom css style for all of the list items (the {{tag|li}} tags). The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item1_style</code>, <code>item2_style</code>, <code>item3_style</code>... – custom css styles for each of the list items. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. == Examples == [[File:Example.png|thumb|100px|{{bulleted list |one |two |three}}]] <pre style="overflow:auto;"> [[File:Example.png|thumb|100px|{{bulleted list |one |two |three}}]] </pre> {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> f8v6htjo84rwq6o7c51k4fsevzuzz78 10 11207 84279 2022-05-19T09:03:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unbulleted list wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|unbulleted}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> g28jpumica8ycuimxbfi2qlrcbowsb3 10 11208 84280 2022-05-19T09:04:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unbulleted list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{High-use| 635585 }} {{Template shortcuts|ubl|ubt|ublist|unbullet}} {{stack|{{Lua|Module:List}}}} This template creates [[WP:UBLIST|unbulleted lists]]. Each item in the list may have [[CSS]] styles added to it individually, by appending a numbered parameter. == Usage == '''Basic usage''' {{pre|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>unbulleted list<nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>...<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} '''All parameters''' {{pre| <nowiki>{{</nowiki>unbulleted list <nowiki>|</nowiki>''first item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''second item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>''third item''<nowiki>|</nowiki>... <nowiki>|class = </nowiki>''class'' <nowiki>|style = </nowiki>''style'' <nowiki>|list_style = </nowiki>''style for ul tag'' <nowiki>|item_style = </nowiki>''style for all li tags'' <nowiki>|item1_style = </nowiki>''style for first li tag''<nowiki> |item2_style = </nowiki>''style for second li tag''<nowiki> |</nowiki>... <nowiki>}}</nowiki> }} === Parameters === * Positional parameters (<code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>...) – these are the list items. If no list items are present, the module will output nothing. * <code>class</code> – a custom class for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>plainlinks</code>. * <code>style</code> – a custom CSS style for the {{tag|div}} tags surrounding the list, e.g. <code>font-size: 90%;</code>. * <code>list_style</code> – a custom CSS style for the {{tag|ul}} tags around the list. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item_style</code> – a custom CSS style for all of the list items (the {{tag|li}} tags). The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. * <code>item1_style</code>, <code>item2_style</code>, <code>item3_style</code>... – custom CSS styles for each of the list items. The format is the same as for the {{para|style}} parameter. <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "List item 1", "type": "line", "required": true, "description": "First item in the list" }, "2": { "label": "List item 2", "type": "line", "description": "Second item in the list" }, "3": { "label": "List item 3", "type": "line", "description": "Third item in the list" }, "4": { "label": "List item 4", "type": "line", "description": "Fourth item in the list" }, "5": { "label": "List item 5", "type": "line", "description": "Fifth item in the list" }, "6": { "label": "List item 6", "type": "line", "description": "Sixth item in the list" }, "7": { "label": "List item 7", "type": "line", "description": "Seventh item in the list" }, "8": { "label": "List item 8", "type": "line", "description": "Eighth item in the list" }, "9": { "label": "List item 9", "type": "line", "description": "Ninth item in the list" }, "class": { "description": "A custom class for the <div>...</div> tags surrounding the list", "example": "plainlinks" }, "style": { "description": "A custom CSS style for the <div>...</div> tags surrounding the list", "example": "font-size: 90%;" }, "list_style": { "description": "A custom CSS style for the <ul>...</ul> tags around the list", "label": "List style" }, "item_style": { "description": "A custom CSS style for all of the list items (the <li>...</li> tags)", "label": "Item style" }, "item1_style": { "label": "Item 1 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 1" }, "item2_style": { "label": "Item 2 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 2" }, "item3_style": { "label": "Item 3 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 3" }, "item4_style": { "label": "Item 4 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 4" }, "item5_style": { "label": "Item 5 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 5" }, "item6_style": { "label": "Item 6 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 6" }, "item7_style": { "label": "Item 7 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 7" }, "item8_style": { "label": "Item 8 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 8" }, "item9_style": { "label": "Item 9 style", "description": "Custom CSS style for list item 9" } }, "paramOrder": [ "class", "style", "list_style", "item_style", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "item1_style", "item2_style", "item3_style", "item4_style", "item5_style", "item6_style", "item7_style", "item8_style", "item9_style" ], "description": "Creates a list of items separated by line breaks but not bullets (•)" } </templatedata> === Example === {| class="wikitable" ! style="width: 80%;" | Code !! Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{Unbulleted list|entry1|entry2|entry3|entry4|entry5</nowiki>{{wbr}}<nowiki>|entry6|entry7|entry8|entry9}}</nowiki></code> | {{Unbulleted list|entry1|entry2|entry3|entry4|entry5|entry6|entry7|entry8|entry9}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item_style=color:blue;}}</nowiki></code> | {{Unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item_style=color:blue;}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}}</nowiki></code> | {{Unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow;|item2_style=background-color:silver;}} |} === Controlling line-breaking === Template {{tlx|nbsp}} may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. Wrapping this entire template with {{tlx|nowrap}} causes syntax errors. Use {{para|class|nowrap}} instead. ==Technical details== {{tl|Unbulleted list}} works by constructing a [[span and div|div]] with the [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class "plainlist" which has the following style (see [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]): <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .plainlist ul { line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0; } .plainlist ul li { margin-bottom: 0; } </syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" ! Wikitext ! Expanded template ! HTML |- style="vertical-align:top;" | class="nowrap | <pre> {{Unbulleted list | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 }} </pre> | <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Example 1</li><li>Example 2</li><li>Example 3</li></ul></div> </syntaxhighlight> | class="nowrap | <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>Example 1</li> <li>Example 2</li> <li>Example 3</li> </ul> </div> </syntaxhighlight> |} == See also == * {{tl|plainlist}} – essentially the same but uses <code><nowiki>|* ... * ... * ...</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>| ... | ... | ...</nowiki></code> * {{tl|unbulleted list citebundle}} — for unbulleted lists inside <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> HTML tags * {{tl|flatlist}} and {{tl|hlist}} (replacements for comma- or dash-separated lists) * {{tl|bulleted list}} * {{tl|ordered list}} {{Navbox lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] }}</includeonly> kg778zwci1827r4dblev95xxw3l0qp5 10 11209 84281 2022-05-19T09:04:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wbr wikitext text/x-wiki <wbr />&#8203;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 038outj03jutckphwb9ai636hounypl 10 11210 84282 2022-05-19T09:04:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wbr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} ''Wbr'' indicates a ''word break'' opportunity. This template includes the HTML tag [//www.w3.org/TR/html5/text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element {{tag|wbr|s}}], which is used to tell the browser of an optional, non-hyphenated line-break. It can be used with: * {{tlx|nbsp}} or the equivalent <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> (non-breaking space) * {{tlx|nowrap}} or the equivalent <code><nowiki><span style="white-space: nowrap;">...</span></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki><span class="nowrap">...</span></nowiki></code> (character string that will not break even at a normal space) to carefully control line-breaking where this is important. This template can safely be [[WP:SUBST|substituted]], though there is no particular reason to do so. For breaking up long words, use {{tlx|Soft hyphen}} instead. ==Usage== Use is simple; there are no parameters: * {{tlx|wbr}} or * {{tlxs|wbr}} ===Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes ===<!--This section name is linked to from other template documentation.--> This template can be used to cause an indentation after a linebreak, in [[Template:Plainlist|unbulleted lists]] inside [[WP:Infobox|infoboxes]] and in [[WP:Table|tables]] with constrained cell widths, by using <code><nowiki>{{wbr}}&amp;nbsp;</nowiki></code> between words in an entry, so that when they wrap they are not mistaken for separate entries. See example infobox to the side. Example infobox (rendered to the side of the example code): {{Infobox film| |name=Test Infobox II: The Revenge |... |starring={{Plainlist| * Jane Smith * {{nobr|Johannes-Friedrich}}{{wbr}}&nbsp;Zauberzunge{{wbr}}&nbsp;{{nobr|von der Hasenpfeffer}} * John Garcia }} |... |italic_title=no }} <syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars">{{Infobox film| |name=Test Infobox II: The Revenge |... |starring={{Plainlist| * Jane Smith * {{nobr|Johannes-Friedrich}}{{wbr}}&nbsp;Zauberzunge{{wbr}}&nbsp;{{nobr|von der Hasenpfeffer}} * John Garcia }} |... }}</syntaxhighlight> === Breaking up slashes === {{see|MOS:SLASH}} When there are long words on both sides of a slash, this template may be used to induce a line break after the slash. :installation/{{wbr}}execution :<syntaxhighlight lang="html+handlebars">installation/{{wbr}}execution</syntaxhighlight> ==Technical details== This template encapsulates the code <code><nowiki><wbr />&amp;#8203;</nowiki></code>, i.e. the HTML5 [[HTML element#wbr|line break opportunity element]] followed by the HTML character entity for the {{Unichar|200B|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|nlink=Zero-width space}} character. This approach is superior to using either one or the other in isolation, for increased browser support. The {{tag|wbr|s}} element is compatible with all browsers except [[Internet Explorer]] inclusive of and {{em|since}} version 7 ({{as of|lc=y|2015|09}}). Meanwhile, the ZWS character is compatible with all browsers except Internet Explorer {{em|earlier than}} (but not inclusive of) version 7. Thus, between the two approaches, the dual use of which has no ill effects, this template works in all browsers still likely to be in use, including Internet Explorer regardless of version. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Line-handling templates]] [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] [[Category:Character templates]] }}</includeonly> jb32n685z9ratu5axcxvj6ivde2ehtx 10 11211 84283 2022-05-19T09:05:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dated maintenance category wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki/><!--This nowiki helps to prevent whitespace at the top of articles-->{{#ifeq:{{FULLROOTPAGENAME}}|Wikipedia:Template messages|<!--Do not categorize-->|<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:{{{onlyarticles|no}}}|yes|0|1}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}} |[[Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}}]]<!-- -->{{#ifexist:Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}} |<!-- -->|[[Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]<!-- -->}} |[[Category:{{#if:{{{5|}}} |{{{5}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}]]<!-- -->}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |[[Category:{{{4}}}]]}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7p59j4cq4i8wg65odpv5287yu50sczo 10 11212 84284 2022-05-19T09:05:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:FULLROOTPAGENAME wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>Ns has subpages | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE:{{{1}}}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}}} }} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#titleparts:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}}|1}} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> tk494gglkhfogc40do2k58d4bbttx9o 10 11213 84285 2022-05-19T09:06:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:FULLROOTPAGENAME/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{used in system}} Get the namespace and the root of the page name. It is similar to the template {{tl|FULLBASEPAGENAME}}, but returns the '''root''' of the page hierarchy instead of the '''parent'''. === Usage === * {{tlx|FULLROOTPAGENAME}} → {{FULLROOTPAGENAME}} * {{tlx|FULLROOTPAGENAME|Template:1x/sandbox}} → {{FULLROOTPAGENAME|Template:1x/sandbox}} * {{tlx|FULLROOTPAGENAME|Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Arbitration enforcement/Archive1}} → {{FULLROOTPAGENAME|Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Arbitration enforcement/Archive1}} In namespaces with subpages disabled, it will return the full page name: * {{tlx|FULLROOTPAGENAME|List of 28 Days/Weeks Later characters}} → {{FULLROOTPAGENAME|List of 28 Days/Weeks Later characters}} Note that this template can be substituted. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "A meta template that takes a page name and returns its root page name (including namespace).", "params": { "1": { "label": "Page name", "description": "The input page name. If omitted or empty, the current page name will be used", "type": "string/wiki-page-name", "required": false } } }</templatedata> == See also == * [[mw:Help:Magic words#Page names]] * {{tl|FULLBASEPAGENAME}} * {{tl|ROOTPAGENAME}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Wikipedia magic word templates]] }}</includeonly> g50y0kovrdohhcqn9qana1egkrgl5in 10 11214 84286 2022-05-19T09:07:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ordered list wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|ordered}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> n9z3yrhcknctpjb3o8a5r4mv3ke55up 10 11215 84287 2022-05-19T09:07:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ordered list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:List}} {{Template shortcut|olist}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> == Usage == This template creates an ordered list, which is similar to a [[WP:L#Numbered lists|numbered list]] but may display other characters, such as roman numbers or alphabet letters, instead of the decimal enumerator. == Syntax == ;Simple:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |''entry1'' |''entry2''| ... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ;Offset starting value:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |start=''start''|''entry1'' |''entry2'' |... |item1_style=''CSS1'' |item2_style=''CSS2''| ... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ;Changing the symbol style:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |list_style_type=''type'' |''entry1'' |''entry2'' |... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ;With CSS style:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |item_style=''CSS-all'' |''entry1'' |''entry2'' |... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ;With separate CSS styles for each item:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |''entry1'' |item1_style=''CSS1'' |''entry2'' |item2_style=''CSS2'' |... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ;With custom values for each item:<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Ordered list |item1_value=''value1'' |''entry1'' |item2_value=''value2'' |''entry2'' |... <nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> {| class="wikitable" |+ Parameters' description |- ! Parameter !! Description |- | <code>list_style_type</code> or<br /><code>list-style-type</code> ''type'' | This parameter indicates the list style type. Popular acceptable parameters include: * <code>decimal (1, 2, 3, 4, ...)</code> * <code>lower-roman (i, ii, iii, iv, ...)</code> * <code>upper-roman (I, II, III, IV, ...)</code> * <code>lower-alpha (a, b, c, d, ...)</code> * <code>upper-alpha (A, B, C, D, ...)</code> For a full list, see the following section. |- | Positional parameters {{nowrap|entry1 entry2 ...}} | The contents of each list item, as unnamed or positional parameters. There is no restriction on content, except equal signs (=) must be escaped or replaced with <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code>, lest it will be interpreted a named parameter. |- | <code>item''n''_value</code> {{nowrap|value1 value2 ...}} | Ordinal or label for a specific list item; a positive integer. |- | <code>start</code> | Ordinal or label for the first item in the list; a positive integer (default is 1). |- | <code>item''n''_style</code> {{nowrap|CSS1 CSS2 ...}} | [[Cascading Style Sheet]] (CSS) styles that are set on a specific list item. (User must know CSS syntax.) For example, individual labels can be hidden by setting <code>item''n''_style=list-style-type:none;</code> |- | <code>item_style</code> CSS-all | CSS styles that are set on each list item. (User must know CSS syntax.) When present, any <code>item''n''_style</code> are disregarded. |} ===Acceptable list style type values and supported web browsers === {{CSS list-style-type values}} == See also == {{navbox lists}} == References == {{Reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "required": true, "label": "First item to list" }, "2": { "label": "Second item to list" }, "3": { "label": "Third item to list" }, "4": { "label": "Fourth item to list" }, "5": { "label": "Fifth item to list" }, "6": { "label": "Sixth item to list" }, "7": { "label": "Seventh item to list" }, "8": { "label": "Eighth item to list" }, "9": { "label": "Ninth item to list" }, "10": { "label": "Tenth item to list" }, "list_style_type": { "suggestedvalues": [ "none", "disc", "circle", "square", "decimal", "decimal-leading-zero", "lower-roman", "upper-roman", "lower-alpha", "upper-alpha", "lower-greek", "armenian", "georgian", "hebrew", "cjk-ideographic", "hiragana", "katakana", "hiragana-iroha", "katakana-iroha" ], "default": "decimal", "label": "Type of list" }, "start": { "label": "Starting value" }, "item_style": { "label": "CSS style" } }, "description": "Make an ordered list. The default is a numbered list, but you can change it to a list with roman numbers or letters of the English, Greek, Armenian or Georgian alphabets, instead of the decimal enumerator.", "format": "block", "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "list_style_type", "start", "item_style" ] } </templatedata> e5vx8c73bkqudnq3jack575lledvawi 10 11216 84288 2022-05-19T09:08:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colored list wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Colored list|list}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata --> </noinclude> byxtys017f6wm189p79qh1cgu1t7sqg 10 11217 84289 2022-05-19T09:09:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colored list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Colored list}} Creates a list where each item is colored with a contrasting color, e.g.: {{Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten}} == Usage == {{tlx|Colored list|''list items''|pre{{=}}''item prefix''|tag{{=}}''HTML tag for each item''|style{{=}}''CSS''|class{{=}}"list class"|sep{{=}}"item separator"|s{{=}}'color sequence (see below)'}} All named parameters are optional, and default to: pre = * (bulleted list) tag = span style = (none) class = (none) sep = \n (new line) s = category10 {| {{table}} |- !Input !! Output |- |{{tlx|Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten}} |{{Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten}} |- |{{tlx|Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|pre{{=}}#|s=excel}} |{{Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|pre=#|s=excel}} |- |{{tlx|Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|pre{{=}}|tag{{=}}i|style{{=}}font-weight: bold|sep{{=}};}} |{{Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|pre=|tag=i|style=font-weight: bold|sep=;}} |- |{{tlx|Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|class{{=}}hlist}} |{{Colored list|One|Two|Three|Four|Five|Six|Seven|Eight|Nine|Ten|class=hlist}} |- |{{tlx|Colored list|One|Two|class{{=}}plainlist}} |{{Colored list|One|Two|class=plainlist}} |- |{{tlx|Colored list|1{{=}}1+1{{=}}2|2{{=}}2+2{{=}}4}} -or-<br />{{tlx|Colored list|1+1<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>2|2+2<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>4}} |{{Colored list|1=1+1=2|2=2+2=4}} |} ===Color sequences=== The following color sequences are available, mostly taken from the [https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Ordinal-Scales.md D3 3.x API] and [https://github.com/axismaps/colorbrewer/blob/master/cb.csv colorbrewer]: <code>[https://github.com/axismaps/colorbrewer/blob/master/cb.csv accent]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|class=hlist|s=accent}} <code>[[LibreOffice Calc|calc]]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|class=hlist|s=calc}} <code>[[Microsoft Excel|excel]]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|class=hlist|s=excel}} <code>[https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Ordinal-Scales.md#category10 category10]</code> or <code>category</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|class=hlist|s=category10}} <code>[https://github.com/axismaps/colorbrewer/blob/master/cb.csv dark2]</code> or <code>dark</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|class=hlist|s=dark2}} <code>[https://github.com/axismaps/colorbrewer/blob/master/cb.cs set1]</code> or <code>set</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|class=hlist|s=set1}} <code>[https://github.com/d3/d3-scale-chromatic/blob/master/README.md#schemeTableau10 tableau10]</code> or <code>tableau</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|class=hlist|s=tableau10}} <code>[[Google Sheets|google]]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|class=hlist|s=google}} <code>[https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Ordinal-Scales.md#category20 category20]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|class=hlist|s=category20}} <code>[https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Ordinal-Scales.md#category20b category20b]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|class=hlist|s=category20b}} <code>[https://github.com/d3/d3-3.x-api-reference/blob/master/Ordinal-Scales.md#category20c category20c]</code>: {{Colored list|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|class=hlist|s=category20c}} ==See also== {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Lua-based templates]] [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> t5f5f7bu93latif1u9h72gi24v008qe 828 11218 84290 2022-05-19T09:09:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Colored list Scribunto text/plain local sequences = { excel = { [0]='#274', [1]='#36C', [2]='#C33', [3]='#85B', [4]='#072', [5]='#B38', [6]='#B40', [7]='#279' }, calc = { [0] = '#0000FF', [1] = '#FF0000', [2] = '#FF00FF', [3] = '#008000', [4] = '#000080', [5] = '#800000', [6] = '#800080', [7] = '#808000' }, accent = { [0]='#7fc97f', [1]='#beaed4', [2]='#fdc086', [3]='#ffff99', [4]='#386cb0', [5]='#f0027f', [6]='#bf5b17', [7]='#666666' }, dark2 = { [0]='#1b9e77', [1]='#d95f02', [2]='#7570b3', [3]='#e7298a', [4]='#66a61e', [5]='#e6ab02', [6]='#a6761d', [7]='#666666' }, category10 = { [0]='#1f77b4', [1]='#ff7f0e', [2]='#2ca02c', [3]='#d62728', [4]='#9467bd', [5]='#8c564b', [6]='#e377c2', [7]='#7f7f7f', [8]='#bcbd22', [9]='#17becf' }, set1 = { [0]='#e41a1c', [1]='#377eb8', [2]='#4daf4a', [3]='#984ea3', [4]='#ff7f00', [5]='#ffff33', [6]='#a65628', [7]='#f781bf', [8]='#999999' }, tableau10 = { [0]='#4e79a7', [1]='#f28e2c', [2]='#e15759', [3]='#76b7b2', [4]='#59a14f', [5]='#edc949', [6]='#af7aa1', [7]='#ff9da7', [8]='#9c755f', [9]='#bab0ab', }, google = { [0]='#F92', [1]='#739', [2]='#2AC', [3]='#A14', [4]='#48F', [5]='#FB2', [6]='#6B4', [7]='#754', [8]='#999', [9]='#EC4', [10]='#45A', [11]='#CD4', }, category20 = { [0]='#1f77b4', [1]='#aec7e8', [2]='#ff7f0e', [3]='#ffbb78', [4]='#2ca02c', [5]='#98df8a', [6]='#d62728', [7]='#ff9896', [8]='#9467bd', [9]='#c5b0d5', [10]='#8c564b', [11]='#c49c94', [12]='#e377c2', [13]='#f7b6d2', [14]='#7f7f7f', [15]='#c7c7c7', [16]='#bcbd22', [17]='#dbdb8d', [18]='#17becf', [19]='#9edae5' }, category20b = { [0]='#393b79', [1]='#5254a3', [2]='#6b6ecf', [3]='#9c9ede', [4]='#637939', [5]='#8ca252', [6]='#b5cf6b', [7]='#cedb9c', [8]='#8c6d31', [9]='#bd9e39', [10]='#e7ba52', [11]='#e7cb94', [12]='#843c39', [13]='#ad494a', [14]='#d6616b', [15]='#e7969c', [16]='#7b4173', [17]='#a55194', [18]='#ce6dbd', [19]='#de9ed6', }, category20c = { [0]='#3182bd', [1]='#6baed6', [2]='#9ecae1', [3]='#c6dbef', [4]='#e6550d', [5]='#fd8d3c', [6]='#fdae6b', [7]='#fdd0a2', [8]='#31a354', [9]='#74c476', [10]='#a1d99b', [11]='#c7e9c0', [12]='#756bb1', [13]='#9e9ac8', [14]='#bcbddc', [15]='#dadaeb', [16]='#636363', [17]='#969696', [18]='#bdbdbd', [19]='#d9d9d9' } } sequences.dark = sequences.dark2 sequences.category = sequences.category10 sequences.set = sequences.set1 sequences.tableau = sequences.tableau10 local p = {} function p._list(args) local sequence = sequences[args.sequence] or sequences[args.s] or sequences.category10 local class1, class2 = '','' if (args.class or '') ~= '' then class1 = '<div class="' .. args.class .. '">\n' class2 = '</div>' end output, i = {}, 1 for k, v in pairs(args) do if tonumber(k) then output[i] = (args.pre or '* ') .. '<' .. (args.tag or 'span') .. ' style="color:' .. sequence[math.mod( (i-1),(#sequence + 1))] .. ';' .. (args.style or '') .. '">' .. (v or '') .. '</' .. (args.tag or 'span') .. '>' i = i + 1 end end return class1 .. table.concat( output,(args.sep or '\n') ) .. class2 end function p.list(frame) return p._list(frame:getParent().args[1] and frame:getParent().args or frame.args) end return p ep9gesy3q5fdakm8ghi3hk12bl88zbl 828 11219 84291 2022-05-19T09:09:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Colored list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating |beta}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Used by {{tl|Colored list}} == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|list}}</code> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 9thycmxsz89oxx001qorurg85c2ugl1 10 11220 84292 2022-05-19T09:10:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cl wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category link]] {{R from move}} sxb6uqb5pxx7i9ck11lxcop05gxni7w 10 11221 84293 2022-05-19T09:10:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category link wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|1}}|Stub types for deletion |[[:Category:{{{1}}}|Cat:{{{1}}}]] | [[:Category:{{{1}}}|{{{2|Category:{{{1}}}}}}]]{{#ifeq:{{Yesno|{{{count|no}}}}}|yes|<small> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCAT:{{{1}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}>={{{backlog|{{#expr:{{PAGESINCAT:{{{1}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}+1}}}}}|<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #DD0000;">}}(&thinsp;{{PAGESINCAT:{{{1}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}}}&thinsp;){{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCAT:{{{1}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}>={{{backlog|{{#expr:{{PAGESINCAT:{{{1}}}|{{UC:{{{count_type|ALL}}}}}|R}}+1}}}}}|</span>}}</small>}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> npwya2pxpmrb7ss01243bg1cub9s7jq 10 11222 84294 2022-05-19T09:10:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{Hatnote|{{tl|Category}} redirects here. You may be looking for {{tl|Wikipedia category}} or {{tl|Collapsible list}}.}} <hr style="margin-bottom: 1.25em;"> {{Template shortcut|cl|CL|categ|category}} : {{Tlx|Cl|''category name''}} : {{Tlx|Cl|''category name''|''link text''}} : {{Tlx|Cl|''category name''|''link text''|count{{=}}yes}} : {{Tlx|Cl|''category name''|''link text''|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}''type''}} : {{Tlx|Cl|''category name''|''link text''|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}''type''|backlog{{=}}'''backlog threshold'''}} {{Tl|Cl}} ("[C]ategory [l]ink") produces a link to a category in a similar fashion to {{Tl|Tl}} for a template. For example: : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa}} produces: {{Cl|Africa}} To specify the text used for the link, add it as a second parameter: : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|this category}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|this category}} To add a count of everything in the category, add the {{Para|count|yes}} parameter: : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes}} If you just want to get a count of pages, files, or subcats, use the [[MW:Help:Magic words#PAGESINCAT|{{Para|count_type}} parameter]]: : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}all}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes|count_type=all}} ('''default''') : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}pages}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes|count_type=pages}} : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}subcats}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes|count_type=subcats}} : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes|count_type{{=}}files}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes|count_type=files}} If you want to make counts standout for categories that have a backlog, use {{Para|backlog}}: : {{Tlf|Cl|Africa|count{{=}}yes|backlog{{=}}20}} produces: {{Cl|Africa|count=yes|backlog=20}} == See also == * {{Tl|C}}, which produces output such as: {{C|Africa}} and {{C|Africa|Afrika}} * {{Tl|Cls}}, which produces output such as: {{Cls|Africa}} * {{Tl|Clc}}, which produces output such as: {{Clc|Africa}} and {{Clc|Africa|pages}} * {{Tl|lc}}, which produces output such as: {{Lc|Africa}} * {{Tl|lcs}}, which produces output such as {{Lcs|Africa}} * {{Tl|tl}}, which links produces a link to a template surrounded by template-style double-braces (e.g. {{Tl|Africa}}). * {{Cl|Internal category-link templates}} * {{Cl|Internal link templates}} * {{tl|Category see also}} {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please: --> [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> fehow5p8gv71kdtucq62nwukdf1mosv 10 11223 84295 2022-05-19T09:11:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cls wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}|Cat:{{PAGENAME:{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 8500u42819dfqcvopwvth8bxx67chmx 10 11224 84296 2022-05-19T09:11:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cls/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == About == This template is a shortcut for category lists that shortens "Category" to "Cat". Similar to {{tl|tl}} for templates, it automatically places a colon (:) before "Category" so the page will not populate the category. == Usage == : {{tlx|cls|Wikipedians}} produces: {{cls|Wikipedians}} : {{tlx|cls|Category:wikipedians}} produces: {{cls|Category:wikipedians}} == See also == * {{tl|c}}, which produces {{c|Philosophy}}. * {{tl|cl}}, which produces {{cl|Philosophy}}. * {{tl|lcs}}, which produces {{lcs|Philosophy}} for use in discussions. {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> 3obtonrph3o5jsfvrbh245ltexw0brp 10 11225 84297 2022-05-19T09:12:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Internal category-link templates wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="0" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;" | {| style="margin:0;padding:0;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:2.5em;" |- | style="width:12.5em;" | '''Template''' | style="text-align:left;" | '''Example output''' |- | {{tl|c}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{c|Example}} |- | {{tl|cl}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{cl|Example}} |- | {{tl|cls}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{cls|Example}} |} | {| style="margin:0;padding:0;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:2.5em;" |- | style="width:12.5em;" | '''Template''' | style="text-align:left;" | '''Example output''' |- | {{tl|cconly}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{cconly|Example}} |- | {{tl|clc}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{clc|Example}} |- | {{tl|lc}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{lc|Example}} |- | {{tl|lcs}} | style="text-align:left;" | {{lcs|Example}} |} |} tamn8rodhtf9oz2tzps9cl0nlguz2rk 10 11226 84298 2022-05-19T09:12:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lx |1=:Category: |2={{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}} |3=Category talk |4=talk}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} {{sandbox other| | [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</noinclude> huzq6apcppxgo8njafsk738q40ria05 10 11227 84299 2022-05-19T09:13:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lcs wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinksneverexpand" style="padding-right:3px;"><!-- -->[[:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}<!-- -->|Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}<!-- -->]]</span><!-- --><span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:85%;"><!-- -->([{{fullurl:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]&#160;<!--(&#160;=nbsp) -->[[:Category talk:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}|talk]]&#160;<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}|limit=500}} links]&#160;<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Category:{{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}|action=history}} history]<!-- -->)<!-- --></span><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> bx0jy3v54lat2q7gza3nmoq8c5v9lc2 10 11228 84300 2022-05-19T09:13:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lcs/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis to Wikidata----> == About == [[Template:Lcs]] is a smaller variant of [[Template:Lc|Lc]] with pleasant output also on browsers which don't support <code>[[Interpunct|&amp;middot;]]</code>. [[Template:Lcs]] allows one parameter, the name of an existing [[Wikipedia:Category|category]]. It can be used on talk and user pages related to an existing [[WP:TPG|talk page]] of the category, but the linked category talk page might also not yet exist. == Usage == {{tl|Lcs}} needs one parameter, the name of an existing [[Wikipedia:Category|category]]. <code><nowiki>{{lcs|category}}</nowiki></code> shows links for the specified category;<br/> <code><nowiki>{{lcs}}</nowiki></code> shows links for a category wrt the <code><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki></code> ===Example=== {{Aligned table |class=wikitable | '''Code''' | '''Result''' | <code><nowiki>{{lcs|Category:Internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{lcs|Category:Internal link templates}} | <code><nowiki>{{lcs|internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{lcs|internal link templates}} | <code><nowiki>{{lcs}}</nowiki></code> | {{lcs}} }} ''The latter shows bogus links, as long as no category'' {{PAGENAME}} ''exists.'' : <code><nowiki>{{lcs|Interwiki utility templates}}</nowiki></code> produces: : {{lcs{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox |/sandbox}}|Interwiki utility templates}} ===Comparison=== The following list is probably incomplete and intentionally omits redirections. {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable | '''Source''' | '''Code''' | '''Result''' | {{lts|cl}} | <code><nowiki>{{cl|Internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{cl|Internal link templates}} | {{lts|ccl}} | <code><nowiki>{{ccl|Internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{ccl|Internal link templates}} | {{lts|lc}} | <code><nowiki>{{lc|Internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{lc|Internal link templates}} | {{lts|lcs}} | <code><nowiki>{{lcs|Internal link templates}}</nowiki></code> | {{lcs|Internal link templates}} }} == See also == * {{tl|Lps}} for {&#123;ns:Project&#125;} * {{tl|Lts}} for templates * {{lcs|Internal link templates}} {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----Categories below this line, please; interwikis to Wikidata----> [[Category:Internal category-link templates]] }}</includeonly> ki1056m2wgxr9f6dx9q3e0s31iyuwh3 10 11229 84301 2022-05-19T09:14:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cconly wikitext text/x-wiki {{formatnum:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{{1}}}|{{{2|}}}}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> c8fllechg1ohkeax0yqkkp0ergh925r 10 11230 84302 2022-05-19T09:14:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cconly/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{tsh|cconly}} == About == {{tl|Category count only}} simply returns the number of pages in a category, with no extra surrounding text. == Usage == The first unnamed parameter, mandatory, is the category name to be counted.<br/> A second unnamed parameter, optional, may be used to count several subsets of that category, as described in [[mw:Help:Magic words#Statistics]]. * {{tlx|Category count only|Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers}} → {{Category count only|Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers}} * {{tlx|Category count only|Trees|all}} → {{Category count only|Trees|all}} * {{tlx|Category count only|Trees|pages}} → {{Category count only|Trees|pages}} * {{tlx|Category count only|Trees|subcats}} → {{Category count only|Trees|subcats}} * {{tlx|Category count only|Trees|files}} → {{Category count only|Trees|files}} == See also == {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> izt3shw7ibti5cnbtw2nh6pixup01fh 10 11231 84303 2022-05-19T09:15:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lx wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion lx"><!-- -->[[{{{1}}}{{{2}}}]]&nbsp;<!-- --><span style="font-size:90%;">(<!-- -->{{#if:{{{noedit|}}}||[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|action=edit}} edit] &#124;}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{notalk|}}}||[[{{{3}}}{{{5|:}}}{{{2}}}|{{{4}}}]] &#124;}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{nohistory|}}}||[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|action=history}} history] &#124;}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{nolinks|}}}||[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}{{{2}}}}} links] &#124;}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{nowatch|}}}||[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|action=watch}} watch] &#124;}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{nologs|}}}||[{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{urlencode:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}}}}} logs]}}<!-- -->)</span></span><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1v21bm0kqp8ok0cydwh1bt6xhucm26x 10 11232 84304 2022-05-19T09:15:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lx/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> <nowiki>{{Lx|Tag|Name|Namespace|Label}}</nowiki> produces {{Lx|Tag|Name|Namespace|Label}} This template is a metatemplate for the [[Template:Ln]]-family. This template should normally not be used on its own. Its purpose is to ensure that all ln-template looks the same. ==Optional parameters== *<code>noedit</code> - adding '''noedit=yes''' false will disable and hide the "edit" link. *<code>notalk</code> - adding '''notalk=yes''' will disable and hide the customizable link. ''(This link is usually customized as a "talk" link in templates that transclude this template.)'' *<code>nohistory</code> - adding '''nohistory=yes''' will disable and hide the "history" link. *<code>nolinks</code> - adding '''nolinks=yes''' false will disable and hide the "links" link. *<code>nowatch</code> - adding '''nowatch=yes''' will disable and hide the "watch" link. *<code>nologs</code> - adding '''nologs=yes''' will disable and hide the "logs" link. ''(At this time, using this parameter unfortunately doesn't hide the "|" that appears before the "logs" link; however, there will probably never be a case where the "logs" link should not appear.)'' <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Pagelinks templates|Lx]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates|Lx]] }}</includeonly> r0enmo28tnv3e0x3eioq6yhkdh23lyq 10 11233 84305 2022-05-19T09:16:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Term wikitext text/x-wiki <dt class="glossary {{{class|}}}" {{#if: {{{noid|}}}||id="{{#invoke:delink|delink|{{#invoke:String|replace|source={{lc:{{{id|{{{term|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}|"|<!--blank to strip out double quote mark-->}}}}"}} style="{{#if:{{{multi|}}}|margin-top: -0.2em;|margin-top: 0.4em; {{{style|}}}}}">{{#if:{{{nondefining|}}}||<dfn class="glossary">}}{{{content|{{{2|{{{term|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{nondefining|}}}||</dfn>}}</dt><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mkls6wl9ykltpu214nz8iqx6ww7n3e7 10 11234 84306 2022-05-19T09:17:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Term/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} ==Usage== The template {{tlx|term}} is used in [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries|template-structured glossaries]] to create terms to be defined, that are properly structured, have [[Separation of presentation and content|semantic value]], and can be linked to as if independent sections. It is a wrapper for {{tag|dt}}, the ''description list term'' [[HTML element#Lists|HTML element]]. The template has a mnemonic redirect at {{tlx|dt}}. Basic usage: {{pre|1= {{gray|1={{tl|glossary}} }} {{bxt|1={{tlf|term|1{{=}}<var>term</var>}} }} {{gray|1={{tl|defn|1{{=}}<var>Definition.</var>}} }} {{gray|1={{tl|glossary end}} }} }} Inline templates, reference citations, wikimarkup styles, etc., can be applied to the term in the second parameter ({{para|content}} or {{para|2}}) as long as it remains without markup in the first parameter ({{para|term}} or {{para|1}}). Technically, the explicit parameter names are optional if the term or content does not contain the "=" character, but as any editors can add material, including templates or URLs with this character in them, {{em|it is always safest to explicitly name or number the parameters}}. * This will work: {{bxt|1={{tnull|term|term{{=}}E{{=}}MC²}} }} * This will work: {{bxt|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}E{{=}}MC²}} }} * This will {{strongbad|fail}}: {{!bxt|1={{tnull|term|E{{=}}MC²}} }} More complex usage is typically: {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|term{{=}}<var>term with no markup</var>&nbsp;|content{{=}}<var>term with markup</var>}} }} or {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}<var>term with no markup</var>&nbsp;|2{{=}}<var>term with markup</var>}} }} or {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}<var>term with no markup</var>&nbsp;|content{{=}}<var>term with markup</var>}} }} ==Wiki-styling and linking of the term== If the second or {{para|content}} parameter is styled with wikimarkup, linked, or otherwise altered inside the template, the term <em>must</em> also be retained in unstyled form as the first or {{para|term}} parameter. Failing to do so will cause the template to malfunction, since it must have a "clean" term name to use as the <code>id</code> of the element, for linking purposes, among other reasons. The order intentionally mirrors that of [[WP:PIPE|piped wikilinking]] (<code><nowiki>[[</nowiki><var>title</var>|<var>styled</var><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code>). *{{xt|Correct}}: {{tlc|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps |2{{=}}{{'}}{{'}}esprit de corps{{'}}{{'}}}} *{{!xt|Wrong}}: {{tlc|term|1{{=}}{{'}}{{'}}esprit de corps{{'}}{{'}}}} Style cannot be applied <em>around</em> the template, either, as it is a container for content (the term), not content itself (and doing so will produce invalid markup that will have unpredictable results depending upon browser): *{{!xt|Wrong}}: <code>{{'}}{{'}}</code>{{tnull|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps}}<code>{{'}}{{'}}</code> For the same reasons that links to other pages are discouraged in headings, {{strong|links are discouraged in glossary terms}}: *{{xtg|Deprecated}}: {{dc|{{tlc|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps|2{{=}}{{'}}{{'}}<nowiki>&#91;&#91;esprit de corps&#93;&#93;</nowiki>{{'}}{{'}}}}}} *{{xt|Preferred}}: {{tlc|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps|2{{=}}{{'}}{{'}}esprit de corps{{'}}{{'}}}}, and use of a {{tlx|ghat}} hatnote in the {{tlx|defn}} definition to link to the main article [[Esprit de corps]]. Again, as with the first parameter (the term) itself, if the "<code>=</code>" character (equals sign) is used in the content of this second parameter, the syntax {{em|requires}} that the parameter be explicitly specified (and because many URLs, e.g. in reference citations, can contain this character, it is always safest to number or name the parameters): numbered: {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|{{bxt|1{{=}}}}E&#61;MC²|{{bxt|2{{=}}}}E&#61;MC<nowiki><sup>2</sup></nowiki>}} }} or named: {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|{{bxt|term{{=}}}}E&#61;MC²|{{bxt|content{{=}}}}E&#61;MC<nowiki><sup>2</sup></nowiki>}} }} ==Linking to the term== {{tlx|term}} automatically creates a link anchor point (an HTML <code>id</code>) from an {{em|all-lowercase}} conversion of the original term ({{para|term}} or {{para|1}}) or {{para|id}}. About 90% of the links to glossary entries are going to be mid-sentence, and thus will start with a lower-case letter, except for proper names. The {{tlx|glossary link}} template (and its derivatives like {{tlx|cuegloss}}) will auto-lowercase any input they're given as a link target for you. So, the only catch is if you manually create a link like <code><nowiki>[[Glossary of American political jargon#Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]</nowiki></code> and do not lower-case the <code>#Democratic Party</code> part. Thus, you should use {{tnull|glossary link}}. If your glossary has an unusual case in which one entry and another share the exact same name except for case (thus would get the same lower-cased HTML <code>id</code>), then the upper-case one must be given a unique {{para|id}} value, {{em|and}} prevented from conflicting with the lower-case one's HTML <code>id</code>. This can be done by changing its {{para|id}} to a variant (e.g. with a number), then manually injecting a second HTML <samp>id</samp> (with upper-case) by using the {{para|content|=}} parameter and an anchor template: <pre> {{term|term=foo}} {{defn|Definition of lower-case version here ... {{term|term=Foo |id=Foo_2 |content={{vanchor|Foo}} }} {{defn|Definition of proper-name version here ... </pre> You can then link to them as <code>#foo</code> and <code>#Foo</code>, respectively. (Technically the second can also be addressed as <code>#foo_2</code>, which will have been lower-cased by the template code, but this would not be very intuitive and is just an artifact of the work-around.) The template {{tlx|anchor}} can also be used in the {{para|content}} a.k.a. {{para|2}} parameter, e.g. to provide the plural of the term (the most common usage), an alternative spelling, the old name of an entry that was linked to but has since changed, or a shortcut link anchor name. As with styled terms, the first parameter must be used to provide the "bare" term, the second to provide this extra markup. It is not necessary to add the term itself to the {{tnull|anchor}} template when using {{tnull|term}}: {{block indent|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}shortstop&nbsp;|content{{=}}shortstop{{bxt|1={{tnull|anchor|shortstops|short-stop|short stop|sslink}}}}}} }} <div style="font-size: 90%;"> By contrast, when using semicolon-delimited terms in unstructured glossaries, the term <em>does</em> need to be added explicitly as an anchor if link anchorage is desired (which is almost always the case): {{block indent|1=<code><nowiki>;</nowiki>shortstop</code>{{tnull|anchor|{{bxt|<code>shortstop</code>}}|shortstops|short-stop|short stop|sslink}} }} or use {{tlx|vanchor}} {{block indent|1=<code><nowiki>;</nowiki></code>{{tlx|vanchor|{{bxt|<code>shortstop</code>}}|shortstops|short-stop|short stop|sslink}} }} (Strictly speaking, this fact has nothing to do with this template, but may be of use to editors who are converting from one glossary style to the other.) </div> ==Multiple terms sharing a definition== Two or more {{tnull|terms}} can be used for synonyms with a shared definition, though keep in mind that people looking for one and not finding it where they expect it to be alphabetized are liable to assume it is missing if you do not create a cross-reference entry. The parameter {{para|multi|y}} is used on second and subsequent terms to visually group the terms close together so it is clear that they share a definition: Example: <nowiki>{{term|1=aspirin}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{defn|1=A mild analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) family...}}</nowiki> {{bxt|<nowiki>{{term|1=heroin}}</nowiki>}} {{bxt|<nowiki>{{term|1=diacetylmorphine |multi=y}}</nowiki>}} {{bxt|<nowiki>{{term|1=diamorpine |multi=y}}</nowiki>}} <nowiki>{{defn|1=A synthetic narcotic drug of the opiate family...}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{term|1=ranitidine}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{defn|1=An antacid of the proton pump inhibitor family...}}</nowiki> {| class="wikitable" |- !Result: !versus no {{para|multi|y}} |- |style=vertical-align:top;|{{glossary}} {{term|1=aspirin}} {{defn|1=A mild analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) family...}} {{term|1=heroin}} {{term|1=diacetylmorphine|multi=y}} {{term|1=diamorpine|multi=y}} {{defn|1=A synthetic narcotic drug of the opiate family...}} {{term|1=ranitidine}} {{defn|1=An antacid of the proton pump inhibitor family...}} {{glossary end}} |style=vertical-align:top;|{{glossary}} {{term|1=aspirin}} {{defn|1=A mild analgesic of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) family...}} {{term|1=heroin}} {{term|1=diacetylmorphine}} {{term|1=diamorpine}} {{defn|1=A synthetic narcotic drug of the opiate family...}} {{term|1=ranitidine}} {{defn|1=An antacid of the proton pump inhibitor family...}} {{glossary end}} |} ==Languages== To indicate the language of a non-English term, use the {{tlx|lang}} template and the [[ISO 639]] language codes as documented at that template: {{blockindent|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps&nbsp;|content{{=}}<nowiki>''{{lang|fr|esprit de corps}}''</nowiki>}}}} This shows no visual change for most languages: {{blockindent|1={{term|1=esprit de corps |content=''{{lang|fr|esprit de corps}}''}}}} For all non-English languages this provides many metadata features, but it is {{em|essential}} for those that do not use the Latin alphabet, so that the content displays properly in various browsers. If it is useful to indicate the name of the language, there are individual templates for most languages, with names based on [[ISO 639|the ISO codes]], and which automatically italicize the foreign content: {{blockindent|1={{tnull|term|1{{=}}esprit de corps&nbsp;|content{{=}}<nowiki>{{lang-fr|esprit de corps}}</nowiki>s}}}} which renders as: {{blockindent|1={{term|1=esprit de corps |content={{lang-fr|esprit de corps}}}}}} ;When two or more language variants of a term share the same definition&#58;: As detailed above, two or more terms, as variations or alternatives, can share definitions. The most common use case for this is presenting the term in two variants of English. Example: {{pre|1= <nowiki>{{term|1=tyre|content=</nowiki>{{bxt|<nowiki>{{lang-en-GB|tyre}}</nowiki>}}<nowiki> }}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{term|1=tire|content=</nowiki>{{bxt|<nowiki>{{lang-en-US|tire}} |multi=y</nowiki>}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{defn|1=A resilient wheel covering usually made of vulcanized rubber.}}</nowiki> }} Note the use of {{para|multi|y}} in the second term; this groups the two terms together. Result: {{blockindent|1= {{glossary}}{{term|1=tyre|content={{lang-en-GB|tyre}} }} {{term|1=tire|content={{lang-en-US|tire}} |multi=y}} {{defn|1=A resilient wheel covering usually made of vulcanized rubber.}}{{glossary end}} }} In a different format, more appropriate for alphabetical glossaries: {{pre|1= <nowiki>{{term|1=tyre|content=</nowiki>{{bxt|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>lang{{!}}en-GB{{!}}tyre<nowiki>}} {{small|([[British English]])}}</nowiki>}}<nowiki> }}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{term|1=tire|content=</nowiki>{{bxt|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>lang{{!}}en-US{{!}}tire<nowiki>}} {{small|([[American English]])}}</nowiki>}}<nowiki> |multi=y}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{defn|1=A resilient wheel covering usually made of vulcanized rubber.}}</nowiki> }} Result: {{blockindent|1= {{glossary}}{{term|1=tyre|content={{lang|en-GB|tyre}} {{small|([[British English]])}} }} {{term|1=tire|content={{lang|en-US|tire}} {{small|([[American English]])}} |multi=y}} {{defn|1=A resilient wheel covering usually made of vulcanized rubber.}}{{glossary end}} }} That example uses the {{tlx|Lang}} template with language codes as the first parameter, rather than the {{tlx|lang-xx}} templates. The {{tlx|Term}} template has no {{dc|{{para|lang}}}} parameter of its own (and shouldn't &ndash; there are too many pitfalls). ==Applying CSS styles to the term== The {{para|style}} parameter will pass CSS styling on to the {{tag|dt|o}} element, e.g. {{para|style|font-family:serif;}}. I.e., this styles the term itself, not the definitions of it, other term entries, or the glossary as a whole. This feature is uncommonly but sometimes importantly needed in articles (usually for formatting the appearance of an specific entry for some reason, e.g. certain mathematical constants and the like that are always given in a serif font). It can also be useful outside of articles, for things like matching custom projectpage or userpage style. ==Other parameters== {{quote box|width=33%|title=HTML5 update:|quote=Most of the restrictions on the content of <code>id</code> have been removed, so <code>id</code> values no longer have to begin with an <code>[a-z][A-Z]</code> alphabetic character, avoid most punctuation marks, or suffer other such limitations. Wikipedia's MediaWiki engine is smart enough to auto-escape any problematic characters, on the fly.}}The {{para|id}} parameter can be used to assign a one-word, case-sensitive ID name to term. It must be unique on the page. This can be used as another #link target, and could have other metadata uses. {{em|1=By default, the {{para|term}} a.k.a. {{para|1}} parameter is already set as the ID, and this should rarely be overridden, unless there are two identical terms on the same page creating conflicting IDs.}} Usually the {{tlx|anchor}} template is used to add more link targets to an entry {{crossref|(see {{section link||Linking to the term}} for details)}}. Note that providing an empty <code>id</code> (such as with HTML {{tag|!--|content=comments}}) will emit an empty <code>id</code> parameter to the tag, which is invalid HTML. The {{para|noid}} parameter, if given as {{kbd|true}} / {{kbd|y}} / {{kbd|yes}}, will suppress generation of the <code>id</code> field entirely. This is usually undesirable, except in the case where the anchor {{para|text}} of the generated {{para|term}} is to another {{tl2|Term}} defined in the article. The {{para|class}} parameter will pass one or more space-separated CSS classes on to the {{tag|dt|o}} element, in addition to the automatically included class <code>glossary</code>. {{em|There is rarely any reason to do this, especially in mainspace.}} ==Examples== This shows both a very simple then a rather complex instance: {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <nowiki>==A&ndash;M==</nowiki><br /><br /> <nowiki>{{glossary}}</nowiki><br /><br /> {{bxt|<nowiki>{{term|1=applesnorkel}}</nowiki>}}<br /> <nowiki>{{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}}</nowiki><br /><br /> {{bxt|<nowiki>{{term|term=arglefarst |content=''{{lang|</nowiki>{{var|xx}}<nowiki>|arglefarst}}''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }}</nowiki>}}<br /> <nowiki>{{defn|no=1 |defn=</nowiki><br /> Beginning of first definition of term 2<br /> <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Gbq|gbq]]<nowiki>|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}}</nowiki><br /> Conclusion of first definition of term 2.<br /> <nowiki>}}</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>{{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}}</nowiki><br /><br /> <nowiki>{{glossary end}}</nowiki> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | {{block indent|1= {{fake heading|A&ndash;M}} {{glossary}} {{term|1=applesnorkel}} {{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}} {{term|term=arglefarst |content=''{{lang|fr|arglefarst}}''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }} {{defn|no=1 |defn= Beginning of first definition of term 2 {{gbq|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}} Conclusion of first definition of term 2. }} {{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}} {{glossary end}} }} |} ==Images, hatnotes, and other content== Images, hatnotes and other "add-in" content intended to immediately follow the {{tnull|term}} {{em|must be used at the top of (inside) the first {{tnull|defn}} of the {{tnull|term}}.}} They {{strong|cannot}} be placed between the {{tnull|term}} and {{tnull|defn}} or it will break the glossary markup. Images can, of course, be placed elsewhere within the {{tnull|defn}}, and bottom-notes like {{tl|more}} can be placed at the end of, but {{em|inside}}, a {{tnull|defn}}. When used with a multi-definition term, the definition in which the {{tnull|ghat}} appears must be manually numbered (usually <code>1&amp;nbsp; ...</code>, as shown in the example below). {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <nowiki>{{term|1=colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|coloured ball|coloured balls|colour|colours|color ball}} }}</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>{{defn|1=</nowiki><br /> {{bxt|<nowiki>[[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|150px|A complete set of snooker balls, with six '''colour balls''']]</nowiki>}}<br /> {{bxt|<nowiki>{{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}}</nowiki>}}<br /> {{bxt|1.&amp;nbsp; }}<nowiki>In [[snooker]], any of the {{cuegloss|object ball|object balls}} that are not {{cuegloss|red ball|reds}}.</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>}}</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>{{defn|no=2 |1=</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], a generic, collective term for the red and yellow {{cuegloss|group|groups}} of object balls.</nowiki><br /> <nowiki>}}</nowiki><br /> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | {{block indent|1= {{glossary}} {{term|1=colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|coloured ball|coloured balls|colour|colours|color ball}} }} {{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}} [[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|150px|A complete set of snooker balls, with six '''colour balls''']] 1.&nbsp; In [[snooker]], any of the {{cuegloss|object ball|object balls}} that are not {{cuegloss|red ball|reds}}. }} {{defn|no=2 |1= In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], a generic, collective term for the red and yellow {{cuegloss|group|groups}} of object balls. }} {{glossary end}} }} |} {{clear}} ==Technical details== What this template does on the technical level is wrap the {{var|term}} in the {{tag|dfn}} [[HTML element]] to semantically mark the term as the {{em|defining instance}} on the page of the defined term, and puts this marked-up content inside a {{tag|dt}} ''term'' element of a {{tag|dl}} description list (a.k.a. definition list, association list; the list is generated by the {{tlx|glossary}} and {{tlx|glossary end}} templates), and gives CSS <code>class="glossary"</code> to the {{tag|dt|o}} element. That class isn't doing anything yet, but it could later, like a slight font size increase. Do not specify a null ID (such as <code><nowiki>id=<!-- no ID --></nowiki></code>). Empty or null {{mono|id}} HTML parameters produce invalid HTML5 output. =See also= {{glossary templates see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Glossary templates]] [[Category:Definition list templates]] }}</includeonly> pjpv51l1vr020l1m99lxzqrcjq4c0b9 828 11235 84307 2022-05-19T09:17:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Delink Scribunto text/plain -- This module de-links most wikitext. require("Module:No globals") local p = {} local getArgs local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s) if s:match("^%[%[|.*[|\n]") then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes. return s end return s:match("%[%[|(.*)%]%]") end local function delinkPipeTrick(s) -- We need to deal with colons, brackets, and commas, per [[Help:Pipe trick]]. -- First, remove the text before the first colon, if any. if s:match(":") then s = s:match("%[%[.-:(.*)|%]%]") -- If there are no colons, grab all of the text apart from the square brackets and the pipe. else s = s:match("%[%[(.*)|%]%]") end -- Next up, brackets and commas. if s:match("%(.-%)$") then -- Brackets trump commas. s = s:match("(.-) ?%(.-%)$") elseif s:match(",") then -- If there are no brackets, display only the text before the first comma. s = s:match("(.-),.*$") end return s end -- Return wikilink target |wikilinks=target local function getDelinkedTarget(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end return target_area end local function getDelinkedLabel(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end -- Check for categories, interwikis, and files. local colon_prefix = result:match("%[%[(.-):.*%]%]") or "" -- Get the text before the first colon. local ns = mw.site.namespaces[colon_prefix] -- see if this is a known namespace if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(colon_prefix) or (ns and (ns.canonicalName == "File" or ns.canonicalName == "Category")) then return "" end -- Remove the colon if the link is using the [[Help:Colon trick]]. if result:match("%[%[:") then result = "[[" .. result:match("%[%[:(.*%]%])") end -- Deal with links using the [[Help:Pipe trick]]. if mw.ustring.match(result, "^%[%[[^|]*|%]%]") then return delinkPipeTrick(result) end -- Find the display area of the wikilink if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. result = result:match("^%[%[.-|(.+)%]%]") -- Remove new lines from the display of multiline piped links, -- where the pipe is before the first new line. result = result:gsub("\n", "") else result = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end return result end local function delinkURL(s) -- Assume we have already delinked internal wikilinks, and that -- we have been passed some text between two square brackets [foo]. -- If the text contains a line break it is not formatted as a URL, regardless of other content. if s:match("\n") then return s end -- Check if the text has a valid URL prefix and at least one valid URL character. local valid_url_prefixes = {"//", "http://", "https://", "ftp://", "gopher://", "mailto:", "news:", "irc://"} local url_prefix for _ ,v in ipairs(valid_url_prefixes) do if mw.ustring.match(s, '^%[' .. v ..'[^"%s].*%]' ) then url_prefix = v break end end -- Get display text if not url_prefix then return s end s = s:match("^%[" .. url_prefix .. "(.*)%]") -- Grab all of the text after the URL prefix and before the final square bracket. s = s:match('^.-(["<> ].*)') or "" -- Grab all of the text after the first URL separator character ("<> ). s = mw.ustring.match(s, "^%s*(%S.*)$") or "" -- If the separating character was a space, trim it off. local s_decoded = mw.text.decode(s, true) if mw.ustring.match(s_decoded, "%c") then return s end return s_decoded end local function delinkLinkClass(text, pattern, delinkFunction) if type(text) ~= "string" then error("Attempt to de-link non-string input.", 2) end if type(pattern) ~= "string" or mw.ustring.sub(pattern, 1, 1) ~= "^" then error('Invalid pattern detected. Patterns must begin with "^".', 2) end -- Iterate over the text string, and replace any matched text. using the -- delink function. We need to iterate character by character rather -- than just use gsub, otherwise nested links aren't detected properly. local result = "" while text ~= "" do -- Replace text using one iteration of gsub. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, pattern, delinkFunction, 1) -- Append the left-most character to the result string. result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 1) text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 2, -1) end return result end function p._delink(args) local text = args[1] or "" if args.refs == "yes" then -- Remove any [[Help:Strip markers]] representing ref tags. In most situations -- this is not a good idea - only use it if you know what you are doing! text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "UNIQ%w*%-ref%-%d*%-QINU", "") end if args.comments ~= "no" then text = text:gsub("<!%-%-.-%-%->", "") -- Remove html comments. end if args.wikilinks ~= "no" and args.wikilinks ~= "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the label portion of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedLabel) elseif args.wikilinks == "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the target portions of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedTarget) end if args.urls ~= "no" then text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[.-%]", delinkURL) -- De-link URLs. end if args.whitespace ~= "no" then -- Replace single new lines with a single space, but leave double new lines -- and new lines only containing spaces or tabs before a second new line. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^\n \t][ \t]*)\n([ \t]*[^\n \t])", "%1 %2") text = text:gsub("[ \t]+", " ") -- Remove extra tabs and spaces. end return text end function p.delink(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return p._delink(getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Delink'})) end return p 951n1j8ju9158tl4ivrmhzgbja8loo1 828 11236 84308 2022-05-19T09:17:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Delink/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} {{High-use|800,000+|all-pages = yes}} This module implements the {{tl|delink}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly> 01thcfwq0qj76febfh6e9bhrfhvnd1i 10 11237 84309 2022-05-19T09:18:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Glossary wikitext text/x-wiki <dl class="glossary {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"|}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"|}}><noinclude>{{glossary end}} <!--Categories and interwikis go on the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> kisdiv2d2x795lcnpvxbdqobqvzh6ug 10 11238 84310 2022-05-19T09:19:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Glossary/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} ==Usage== The template {{tlx|glossary}} (a.k.a. {{tnull|glossary start}} or {{tnull|glossary begin}}) is used with {{tlx|glossary end}} to explicitly bracket a glossary or glossary-like description list (also called a definition list or association list), especially in a [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries#Template-structured|template-structured glossary]], although such lists can be used more generally. This is ''required'' (as a technical matter) for template-structured glossaries, and is good practice anywhere description/definition lists are used for glossaries. The template pair invoke the {{tag|dl}} ''description list'' [[HTML Element#Lists|HTML element]]. Unfortunately, the "{{tlf|dl}}" mnemonic is not available as a redirect as of this writing. The pair of templates incidentally prevent Wikipedia's [[MediaWiki]] software engine from auto-creating redundant definition list code ({{tag|dl}}) around terms and definitions if they have blank lines between them, as they often do, especially in non-structured glossaries. Typical usage: {{bxt|1={{tlf|glossary}} }} {{gray|1={{tl|term|1{{=}}<var>term</var>}} }} {{gray|1={{tl|defn|1{{=}}<var>Definition.</var>}} }} {{bxt|1={{tlf|glossary end}} }} ===Parameters=== *{{para|id}} &nbsp; can be used to assign a one-word ID name to the glossary. This can be used as a <code>#{{var|id}}</code> link target, and could have other metadata uses. *{{para|style}} &nbsp; will pass CSS styling on to the {{tag|dl|o}} element. I.e., this styles the definition list itself, as a container, not the individual terms and definitions with it. ''There is rarely any reason to do this.'' *{{para|class}} &nbsp; will pass one or more space-separate CSS classes on to {{tag|dl|o}} element, in addition to the automatically included class <code>glossary</code>. ''There is rarely any reason to do this.'' ===Examples=== This shows both a very simple then a rather complex instance in a structured glossary (including an entry with a block quotation, using the glossary block quotation template, {{tl|gbq}}): {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" highlight="3,15"> ==A&ndash;M== {{glossary}} {{term|1=applesnorkel}} {{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}} {{term|term=arglefarst |content=''{{lang|xx|arglefarst}}''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }} {{defn|no=1 |defn=Beginning of first definition of term 2 {{gbq|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}} Conclusion of first definition of term 2. }} {{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}} {{glossary end}} </syntaxhighlight> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <blockquote> {{fake heading|A&ndash;M}} {{glossary}} {{term|applesnorkel}} {{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}} {{term|term=|arglefarst|content=''arglefarst''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }} <!-- Avoid actually using {{lang}} template in examples, as it generates unwanted transclusions. --> {{defn|no=1 |defn=Beginning of first definition of term 2 {{gbq|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}} Conclusion of first definition of term 2. }} {{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}} {{glossary end}} </blockquote> |} ===Scope=== This family of templates, like the underlying definition list code, is {{em|primarily}} intended for definitional uses, but can have other applications. The ''[http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/lists.html HTML 4.01 Specification]'' itself says: {{quote|1=Definition lists...generally consist of a series of term/definition pairs (although definition lists may have other applications). Thus, when advertising a product, one might use a definition list: {{glossary}} {{term|Lower cost}} {{defn|The new version of this product costs significantly less than the previous one!}} {{term|Easier to use}} {{defn|We've changed the product so that it's much easier to use!}} {{term|Safe for kids}} {{defn|You can leave your kids alone in a room with this product and they won't get hurt (not a guarantee).}} {{glossary end}} }} Thus, editors should feel free to use definition list markup as an alternative to bulleted or numbered lists when the material is well-suited to definition list presentation. ==See also== {{glossary templates see also}} {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Glossary templates]] [[Category:Definition list templates]] }}</includeonly> cicmact8i28w8snhp9yft5wgx5q37ks 10 11239 84311 2022-05-19T09:19:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Glossary end wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><dl></noinclude></dl><!--end glossary--><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Glossary/doc}}<!--Categories go in the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> rp0c9akprcgq2q7txzo5i78zwqs12xh 10 11240 84312 2022-05-19T09:20:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cslist wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Cslist/styles.css" />{{#invoke:Cslist |makelist}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gkmmay2xqrcr8izu99rl4xjqw0twqkk 10 11241 84313 2022-05-19T09:20:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cslist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Cslist/styles.css}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Cslist}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> The "cslist" (comma-separated list) template allows editors to create a horizontal list similar to [[Template:Hlist]], but using comma separators instead of mid-dots. The template allows an optional {{para|semi}}, which when set to <code>true</code> or <code>yes</code> will use a semicolon as separator instead of a comma. It calls [[Module:Cslist]] to process an arbitrary number of list items and generate the list. Note: the unordered list which is generated is good for [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility]], and is intended for use only in tables and infoboxes as an alternative to {{tl|hlist}}. It should not be used in article prose. == Examples == {| class="wiktable" |- | <code><nowiki>{{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc}}</nowiki></code> → {{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc |semi=true}}</nowiki></code> → {{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc |semi=true}} |} == See also == {{navbox lists}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> tf4im3w3254zoz3ahqbfi636kub4k46 828 11242 84314 2022-05-19T09:21:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Cslist Scribunto text/plain p = {} p.makelist = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not args[1] then args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return end end local semi = (args.semi or ""):sub(1,1):lower() semi = (semi == "t") or (semi == "y") local embedded = (args.embedded or ""):sub(1,1):lower() embedded = (embedded == "y") local out = "" for k, v in ipairs(args) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= "" then out = out .. "<li>" .. v .. "</li>" end end local listclass = "" if semi then listclass = listclass .. "sslist" else listclass = listclass .. "cslist" end if embedded then listclass = listclass .. " cslist-embedded" end if out ~= "" then return '<ul class="'.. listclass ..'">' .. out .. '</ul>' end end return p fasht8jrnf3f01ae5ht0rg1htvtdsjt 828 11243 84315 2022-05-19T09:21:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Cslist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Module to implement [[Template:Cslist]], which creates a horizontal list similar to [[Template:Hlist]] but using comma separators instead of mid-dots. It can take as many list items as desired, and also an optional {{para|semi}}, which when set to <code>true</code> or <code>yes</code> will use a semicolon as separator in place of the comma. Note: the unordered list which is generated is good for accessibility, but really is only useful in tables and infoboxes as an alternative to using {{tl|hlist}}. It should not be used in running prose. == Examples == {| class="wiktable" |- | <code><nowiki>{{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc}}</nowiki></code> → {{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc |semi=true}}</nowiki></code> → {{cslist | first item | second item | third item | etc |semi=true}} |} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> cc1t1ulynjzb33m5mobsa4ntzpmimp1 10 11244 84316 2022-05-19T09:22:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cslist/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* make an inline list with either comma or semicolon separators */ ul.cslist, ul.sslist { margin: 0; padding: 0; display: inline-block; list-style: none; } ul.cslist-embedded { display: inline; } .cslist li, .sslist li { margin: 0; padding: 0 0.25em 0 0; display: inline-block; } .cslist li:after { content: ", "; } .sslist li:after { content: "; "; } .cslist li:last-child:after, .sslist li:last-child:after { content: none; } lhp6dv9a2kq77lieqk7f3kk5eoob2n5 10 11245 84317 2022-05-19T09:23:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Section link wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Section link|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> gh09dld5dhux6n50izjp2r31i71ye17 10 11246 84318 2022-05-19T09:23:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Section link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Redirect|Template:Slink|the template that links to search results|Template:Search link}} {{template shortcuts|seclink|slink|§l}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-warning-notwallofshame]]}} {{lua|Module:Section link}} {{Bot use warning|bots=[[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Cewbot 6|cewbot]]}} == Usage == This template is appropriate for use in [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnotes]] and [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#"See also" section|See also]] sections, or to reference sections within the same article. When using in article body text, consider whether an overt link to a specific section in another article may be confusing to readers who cannot follow links, such as those viewing a printed version of the material, or a version republished without links (see [[WP:LINKSTYLE]]). === Syntax (overview) === * <code><nowiki>{{section link|Article|Section}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{section link|Article#Section}}</nowiki></code>, link to section of other article. → Example: {{section link|Albert Einstein|Scientific career}} * <code><nowiki>{{section link|Article|Section|nopage=y}}</nowiki></code>, link to section of other article, only displaying the section's title → Example: {{section link|Albert Einstein|Scientific career|nopage=y}} * <code><nowiki>{{section link||Section}}</nowiki></code>, for usage within the same page, supply an empty first parameter → Example: {{section link||Scientific career}} === Single section === This template, {{tl|section link}}, or its shortcut, {{tl|slink}}, is used to generate a link to a certain section of a local wiki page and render an appropriate section mark ([[§]]). Instead of: <code><nowiki>[[Albert Einstein#Scientific career]]</nowiki></code> [[Albert Einstein#Scientific career]] ...you can write: <code><nowiki>{{section link|Albert Einstein|Scientific career}}</nowiki></code> {{section link|Albert Einstein|Scientific career}} ...or <code><nowiki>{{section link|Albert Einstein#Scientific career}}</nowiki></code> {{section link|Albert Einstein#Scientific career}} === Multiple sections === This template may generate consecutive links to several sections of the same page. You can write: <syntaxhighlight lang=moin>{{section link|History of IBM|1880s–1924: The origin of IBM|1969: Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services|1993–present: IBM's near disaster and rebirth}}</syntaxhighlight> :{{section link|History of IBM|1880s–1924: The origin of IBM|1969: Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services|1993–present: IBM's near disaster and rebirth}} ...or: <syntaxhighlight lang=moin>{{section link|History of IBM#1880s–1924: The origin of IBM|1969: Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services|1993–present: IBM's near disaster and rebirth}}</syntaxhighlight> :{{section link|History of IBM#1880s–1924: The origin of IBM|1969: Antitrust, the Unbundling of software and services|1993–present: IBM's near disaster and rebirth}} ===Suppressing page name=== Sometimes the page name needs not to appear (e.g. to avoid redundancy and wordiness). For the page on which the template is used, not specifying a page name creates a section link only. The following: <pre>{{Section link||Suppressing page name}}</pre> ...is the equivalent of: <pre>[[#Suppressing page name|§&amp;nbsp;Suppressing page name]]</pre> ...and renders as: :{{section link||Suppressing page name}} Use {{para|nopage|y}} for the same visual effect. When discussing an article from its talk page, {{tlx|Article link}}—or its alias, {{tlx|alink}}—is preferable to the longer {{tlc|Section link|{<nowiki/>{[[Help:Magic_words#Variables|ARTICLEPAGENAME]]}<nowiki/>}|Section|4=nopage=y}}. Comparison of displayed results: *<code><nowiki>{{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations}} *<code><nowiki>{{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|nopage=y}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|nopage=y}} *<code><nowiki>{{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|Quotation marks|Commas}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|Quotation marks|Commas}} *<code><nowiki>{{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|Quotation marks|Commas|nopage=y}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|WP:Manual of Style|Quotations|Quotation marks|Commas|nopage=y}} === Styling page name === For titles of films and short stories, [[MOS:DABPIPING|always]] present the core part of the page's name (without any parenthetic disambiguation) in italics, quotation marks, or some other markup (per [[MOS:TITLES]]). The {{para|display}} parameter can be used for this purpose: *<code><nowiki>{{section link|The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|General controversy|display=''The Last Temptation of Christ'' (film)}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|The Last Temptation of Christ (film)|General controversy|display=''The Last Temptation of Christ'' (film)}} === Underscores === It is common practice to copy article and section name from the browser's address bar. When doing that, the article and section names may contain underscores: :<code><nowiki>Albert_Einstein#Scientific_career</nowiki></code> This template automatically replaces the underscores with space characters: :<code><nowiki>{{section link|Albert_Einstein#Scientific_career}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|Albert_Einstein#Scientific_career}} There are articles that have underscores (see {{cl|Articles with underscores in the title}}). To retain the underscores in the rendered output, use {{para|keep-underscores|yes}}: ::article and section copied from browser address bar: :::<code>Dual_EC_DRBG#Timeline_of_Dual_EC_DRBG</code> ::manual removal of extraneous underscores: :::<code>Dual_EC_DRBG#Timeline of Dual_EC_DRBG</code> ::::<code><nowiki>{{section link|Dual_EC_DRBG#Timeline of Dual_EC_DRBG|keep-underscores=yes}}</nowiki></code> → {{section link|Dual_EC_DRBG#Timeline of Dual_EC_DRBG|keep-underscores=yes}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is used to generate a link to a certain section of a local wiki page and render an appropriate section mark (§). This template may generate consecutive links to several sections of the same page.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Page name", "description": "Name of the page to which the link must be created. Leave empty to link to the current page. Doing so causes no page name to appear.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true }, "2": { "label": "Section name 1", "description": "Name of the (first) section to which the link must be created. This parameter is mandatory.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "Section name 2", "description": "This template can link to additional sections within one page. You can supply another section name in this field.", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Section name 3", "description": "This template can link to additional sections within one page. You can supply another section name in this field.", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Section name 4", "description": "This template can link to additional sections within one page. You can supply another section name in this field.", "type": "string" }, "nopage": { "label": "Hide page name", "description": "If set to \"yes\", \"y\" or \"true\", hides the page name (only section names are displayed).", "type": "boolean" }, "keep-underscores" : { "label": "Keep underscores", "description": "If set to \"yes\", \"y\" or \"true\", doesn't replace underscores with spaces in the page name and section names.", "type": "boolean" }, "display": { "label": "Displayed page name", "description": "If the page name must be displayed differently (e.g. in italics), enter it here.", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ==See also== *{{tl|Anchor}} *{{tl|Article link}}{{snd}}for linking to a mainspace section from its talk page *{{tl|Multi-section link}}{{snd}}for linking to a section listing nested section names *{{tl|Pslink}}{{snd}}for linking to a section without displaying the section sign (§) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Section and anchor link formatting templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia section templates]] }}</includeonly> b3yd21l802435b0w7bm889k17tbbs44 828 11247 84319 2022-05-19T09:24:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Section link Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{section link}}. require('Module:No globals'); local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} local function makeSectionLink(page, section, display) display = display or section page = page or '' -- MediaWiki doesn't allow these in `page`, so only need to do for `section` if type(section) == 'string' then section = string.gsub(section, "{", "&#x7B;") section = string.gsub(section, "}", "&#x7D;") end return string.format('[[%s#%s|%s]]', page, section, display) end local function normalizeTitle(title) title = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(title, "'", ""), '"', '') title = mw.ustring.gsub(title, "%b<>", "") return mw.title.new(title).prefixedText end function p._main(page, sections, options, title) -- Validate input. checkType('_main', 1, page, 'string', true) checkType('_main', 3, options, 'table', true) if sections == nil then sections = {} elseif type(sections) == 'string' then sections = {sections} elseif type(sections) ~= 'table' then error(string.format( "type error in argument #2 to '_main' " .. "(string, table or nil expected, got %s)", type(sections) ), 2) end options = options or {} title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Deal with blank page names elegantly if page and not page:find('%S') then page = nil options.nopage = true end -- Make the link(s). local isShowingPage = not options.nopage if #sections <= 1 then local linkPage = page or '' local section = sections[1] or 'Notes' local display = '§&nbsp;' .. section if isShowingPage then page = page or title.prefixedText if options.display and options.display ~= '' then if normalizeTitle(options.display) == normalizeTitle(page) then display = options.display .. ' ' .. display else error(string.format( 'Display title "%s" was ignored since it is ' .. "not equivalent to the page's actual title", options.display ), 0) end else display = page .. ' ' .. display end end return makeSectionLink(linkPage, section, display) else -- Multiple sections. First, make a list of the links to display. local ret = {} for i, section in ipairs(sections) do ret[i] = makeSectionLink(page, section) end -- Assemble the list of links into a string with mw.text.listToText. -- We use the default separator for mw.text.listToText, but a custom -- conjunction. There is also a special case conjunction if we only -- have two links. local conjunction if #sections == 2 then conjunction = '&#8203; and ' else conjunction = ', and ' end ret = mw.text.listToText(ret, nil, conjunction) -- Add the intro text. local intro = '§§&nbsp;' if isShowingPage then intro = (page or title.prefixedText) .. ' ' .. intro end ret = intro .. ret return ret end end function p.main(frame) local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Section link', valueFunc = function (key, value) value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Trim whitespace -- Allow blank first parameters, as the wikitext template does this. if value ~= '' or key == 1 then return value end end }) for k, v in pairs(args) do -- replace underscores in the positional parameter values if 'number' == type(k) then if not yesno (args['keep-underscores']) then -- unless |keep-underscores=yes args[k] = mw.uri.decode (v, 'WIKI'); -- percent-decode; replace underscores with space characters else args[k] = mw.uri.decode (v, 'PATH'); -- percent-decode; retain underscores end end end -- Sort the arguments. local page local sections, options = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if k == 1 then -- Doing this in the loop because of a bug in [[Module:Arguments]] -- when using pairs with deleted arguments. page = mw.text.decode(v, true) elseif type(k) == 'number' then sections[k] = v else options[k] = v end end options.nopage = yesno (options.nopage); -- make boolean -- Extract section from page, if present if page then local p, s = page:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if p then page, sections[1] = p, s end end -- Compress the sections array. local function compressArray(t) local nums, ret = {}, {} for num in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = num end table.sort(nums) for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end sections = compressArray(sections) return p._main(page, sections, options) end return p d7vs0d653q4eub1uslni5ah7cayid6t 828 11248 84320 2022-05-19T09:24:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Section link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-warning-notwallofshame]]}} {{Module rating|protected}} This module creates links to sections, nicely formatted with the "§" symbol instead of the default "#". == Usage == === From wikitext === From wikitext, this module should be used via the template {{tl|section link}}. Please see the template page for documentation. === From Lua === First, load the module: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mSectionLink = require('Module:Section link') </syntaxhighlight> You can then make section links via the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mSectionLink._main(page, sections, options, title) </syntaxhighlight> Parameters: * <var>page</var> - the page name to link to. Defaults to the full page name of <var>title</var>, or the current title if that is not specified. * <var>sections</var> - an array of section names to link to, or a string to link to just one section name. * <var>options</var> - a table of options. Accepts the following fields: ** <var>nopage</var> - set this to true to avoid displaying the base page name in links. * <var>title</var> - a default [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title object]] to use instead of the current title. Intended for testing purposes. All parameters are optional. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Lua code ! Wikitext code ! Result |- | {{code|mSectionLink('Paris')|lua}} | <code><nowiki>{{section link|Paris}}</nowiki></code> | {{section link|Paris}} |- | {{code|mSectionLink('Paris', 'Architecture')|lua}} | <code><nowiki>{{section link|Paris|Architecture}}</nowiki></code> | {{section link|Paris|Architecture}} |- | {{code|mSectionLink('Paris', {'Architecture', 'Culture'})|lua}} | <code><nowiki>{{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture}}</nowiki></code> | {{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture}} |- | {{code|mSectionLink('Paris', {'Architecture', 'Culture', 'Sport'})|lua}} | <code><nowiki>{{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture|Sport}}</nowiki></code> | {{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture|Sport}} |- | {{code|1=mSectionLink('Paris', {'Architecture', 'Culture', 'Sport'}, {nopage = true})|2=lua}} | <code><nowiki>{{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture|Sport|nopage=yes}}</nowiki></code> | {{section link|Paris|Architecture|Culture|Sport|nopage=yes}} |} == See also == *The character used is {{unichar|00A7|name=|html=|nlink=Section sign}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 8ulsi216gk19m0zlwvbaehzhdllnhms 10 11249 84321 2022-05-19T09:25:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/main wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifexpr:({{{dval|-1}}}=0) and ({{#ifeq:X{{{hval}}}|X0000 |0 |1}}) |<!--(error triggered if X{{{hval}}} ≠ X0000:)-->{{Error |tag=span |Error using {{tl|unichar}}: Input "{{{hvalinput|}}}" is not a [[hexadecimal]] value.}} | {{nowrap|{{{{#ifeq:{{{sans|}}}|y|sans-serif|mono}}|{{Unichar/ulink |ulink={{{ulink|<#salted#>}}} |ulinkdefault=Unicode}}{{{hval|}}}}}&#x20;}}<!-- -->{{Unichar/glyph |hval={{{hval|}}} |gc={{{gc|<#not a Unicode code point#>}}} |size={{{size}}} |use={{{use|}}} |use2={{{use2|}}} |cwith={{{cwith|}}} |image={{{image|}}} |br={{{br|}}} }} <!-- -->{{Unichar/name |na={{{na|}}} |nlink={{{nlink|<#salted#>}}} |gc={{{gc|}}} }} <!-- -->{{Unichar/notes |html={{{html|}}} |char_entity={{#ifeq:{{{html|no}}}|yes|{{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|{{{dval|}}}}}|}} |note={{{note|}}} }} }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation|1=Template:Unichar/doc}}</noinclude> oyp8a5zwhxuvrszlb21avw2izltw3gl 828 11250 84322 2022-05-19T09:25:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect hatnote Scribunto text/plain --[[ -- This module produces a "redirect" hatnote. It looks like this: -- '"X" redirects here. For other uses, see Y.' -- It implements the {{redirect}} template. --]] local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --lazily initialize local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti local p = {} local function getTitle(...) local success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return titleObj else return nil end end function p.redirect(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly=true}) --Get number of redirects local numRedirects = tonumber(frame.args[1]) or 1 -- Create the options table. local options = {} options.selfref = args.selfref return p._redirect(args, numRedirects, options) end function p._redirect(args, numRedirects, options, currentTitle, redirectTitle, targetTitle) -- Validate the input. Don't bother checking currentTitle, redirectTitle or -- targetTitle, as they are only used in testing. checkType('_redirect', 1, args, 'table') checkType('_redirect', 2, numRedirects, 'number', true) numRedirects = numRedirects or 1 checkType('_redirect', 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} currentTitle = currentTitle or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Get the table of redirects local redirect = {} for i = 1, numRedirects do -- Return an error if a redirect parameter is missing. if not args[i] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'missing redirect parameter', 'Template:Redirect#Errors', args.category ) end redirect[i] = args[i] end -- Generate the text. local formattedRedirect = {} for k,v in pairs(redirect) do formattedRedirect[k] = p._quote(v) end local text = { mHatList.andList(formattedRedirect) .. ' ' .. (#redirect == 1 and 'redirects' or 'redirect') .. ' here.', mHatList._forSee(args, #redirect + 1, {title = redirect[1], extratext = args.text}) } text = table.concat(text, ' ') -- Functionality for adding categories local categoryTable = {} local function addCategory(cat) if cat and cat ~= '' then -- Add by index to avoid duplicates categoryTable[string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat)] = true end end --Generate tracking categories local mhOptions = {} local redirTitle for k,v in pairs(redirect) do -- We don't need a tracking category if the template invocation has been -- copied directly from the docs, or if we aren't in main- or category-space. if not v:find('^REDIRECT%d*$') and v ~= 'TERM' -- and currentTitle.namespace == 0 or currentTitle.namespace == 14 then redirTitle = redirectTitle or getTitle(v) if not redirTitle or not redirTitle.exists then addCategory('Missing redirects') elseif not redirTitle.isRedirect then if string.find(redirTitle:getContent(), '#invoke:RfD') then addCategory('Articles with redirect hatnotes impacted by RfD') else addCategory('Articles with redirect hatnotes needing review') end else local target = targetTitle or redirTitle.redirectTarget if target and target ~= currentTitle then addCategory('Articles with redirect hatnotes needing review') end end end -- Generate the options to pass to [[Module:Hatnote]]. if currentTitle.namespace == 0 and not mhOptions.selfref and redirTitle and redirTitle.namespace ~= 0 then -- We are on a mainspace page, and the hatnote starts with something -- like "Wikipedia:Foo redirects here", so automatically label it as -- a self-reference. mhOptions.selfref = true else mhOptions.selfref = options.selfref end end --concatenate all the categories local category = '' for k,v in pairs(categoryTable) do category = category .. k end return mHatnote._hatnote(text, mhOptions) .. category end function p._quote(title) local quotationMarks = {["'"]=true, ['"']=true, ['“']=true, ["‘"]=true, ['”']=true, ["’"]=true} local style = "" -- If string starts with anything in quotationMarks, kern to same degree {{-'}} does if quotationMarks[string.sub(title, 1, 1)] then style = "padding-left:0.15em;" end -- Likewise if it ends with any of them if quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)] then style = style .. "padding-right:0.15em;" end return style ~= "" and '"<span style="' .. style .. '">' .. title .. '</span>"' or '"' .. title .. '"' end return p 4ptvz3xvkukjuuvtkt8mhdcswfxv2xx 828 11251 84323 2022-05-19T09:25:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect hatnote/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{Module rating|protected}} This module produces a [[WP:HATNOTE|hatnote]] for disambiguating a page that is linked to by a given redirect. It implements the {{tl|redirect}} hatnote template. == Usage from wikitext == This module cannot be used directly from wikitext. Please use the {{tl|redirect}} or {{tl|redirect2}} templates instead. == Usage from Lua == To use this module from Lua, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mRedirectHatnote = require('Module:Redirect hatnote') </syntaxhighlight> The module can then be used with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mRedirectHatnote._redirect(redirect, data, options, titleObj) </syntaxhighlight> == See also == * [[Module:Redirect-distinguish]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Hatnote modules]] }}</includeonly> pix3dmmbb2szi8zauk1j7qofdnynbo5 10 11252 84324 2022-05-19T09:26:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Snd wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Spaced en dash]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} 6y1jf3vhhwxcerubucgqprgobpyko43 10 11253 84325 2022-05-19T09:27:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Spaced en dash wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp;&ndash;&#32;<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 44od3v3hy3o7813hgbduh1peb2790sz 10 11254 84326 2022-05-19T09:27:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Spaced en dash/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{COinS safe|n}} {{High-use| 30632 }} {{Template shortcut |dash|snd|spnd|sndash|spndash}} This is the '''spaced en dash''' template; it renders like this (without the quote marks): " &ndash; " It works similarly to the HTML markup sequence <code>'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;ndash;'''&nbsp;</code> i.e. a [[non-breaking space]] (which will not line-break and will not collapse together with normal spaces that come before the template), a short dash (known as an [[Dash#En dash|en dash]]), and a normal space (which ''will'' line-break and ''will'' collapse together with normal spaces that come after the template). Among other uses, this template may be used in lists to provide something stronger than a [[Template:·|bold middot]] "'''&middot;'''" or a [[Template:•|bullet]] "&bull;", but shorter than an [[Dash#Em dash|em dash]] "&mdash;". For horizontal lists, use {{tl|flatlist}} or <code>class="hlist"</code> instead (see [[WP:HLIST]]). Here, the recommended usage is to use ''no'' space before the template and one space after the template, like this: ::<nowiki>[[Salt]]{{spaced en dash}} [[Pepper]]</nowiki> :This will render one space on each side of the dash, like this: ::[[Salt]] &ndash; [[Black pepper|Pepper]] :A line break will come ''after'' one of the dashes, not before, when the spacing is used as suggested, like this: ::[[Salt]] &ndash; [[Black pepper|Pepper]] &ndash; ::[[Curry]] &ndash; [[Saffron]] {{tlc|snd}} is a handy synonym. {| class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none;" |Colspan=2 style="text-align: center;" |Here's an example of use for lists |- || One use of template "spaced en dash" is within other templates, tables, lists, and similar things to provide a separator between items. It is also to be consistent so that the article editor can use their choice of '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>bull}}''', '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}}''', '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>middot}}''', or '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}}''' and not have to insert the {{•}}, {{dot}}, {{middot}}, or {{spaced en dash}} symbol, they can use any of these as a simple macro. The idea being that if you have a table with a list of items, you can insert a spaced short dash (or the other symbols) between items that will appear correct, in that the items always have just one separator between them, and when a list crawls to the next line, the dash hangs onto the prior item instead of rolling over to the next line. Notice on the end of this box, the symbol hangs on the end of the last item that will fit on the line indicating that additional items follow on the next line as part of this list, but the item only stays on the line if the item and the dash will fit. See the column on the right. In code it is ''' Item1<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}} Item2<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}} Item3<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}} Item4<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}} Item5<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced en dash}}''' etc. (with some smaller items squeezed in to show that the list does not have to be the same number of items per line) but in the box they all fold perfectly once it runs out of space on the line to fit the next item and the dash following. | <p>Normally, in a real box these items would be links, but this is an example.</p> Item1{{spaced en dash}} A{{spaced en dash}} B{{spaced en dash}} Item2{{spaced en dash}} Item3{{spaced en dash}} Item4{{spaced en dash}} Item5{{spaced en dash}} extra item{{spaced en dash}} E{{spaced en dash}} 1{{spaced en dash}} 2{{spaced en dash}} 3{{spaced en dash}} 4{{spaced en dash}} 5{{spaced en dash}} 6{{spaced en dash}} 7{{spaced en dash}} {{nowrap|item that won't attach to prior line unless it fits in the remaining space{{spaced en dash}}}} Q{{spaced en dash}} A slightly longer item{{spaced en dash}} KK{{spaced en dash}} An obviously really even longer item that the dash will hang at its end{{spaced en dash}} Item6{{spaced en dash}} C{{spaced en dash}} Item7{{spaced en dash}} Item8{{spaced en dash}} Item9{{spaced en dash}} Item10{{spaced en dash}} Item11{{spaced en dash}} Item12{{spaced en dash}} D{{spaced en dash}} Item13{{spaced en dash}} Item14{{spaced en dash}} Item15{{spaced en dash}} Item16{{spaced en dash}} Item17{{spaced en dash}} Item18 <p>The space on the end makes sure the dash doesn't touch the edge of the box, either</p> |} == Dot sizes == {{Dot size}} == See also == * {{tn|·}}, which produces a spaced bold [[interpunct]] ("middot"): "{{·}}" * {{tn|•}}, which produces a spaced bullet-point: "{{•}}" * {{tn|\}}, which produces a spaced (forward-)slash: "{{\}}" * {{tl|en dash}}, which produces an (unspaced) [[en dash]]. * {{tl|em dash}}, which produces an (unspaced) [[em dash]]. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates|En dash, spaced]] [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "Inserts a spaced en dash; it renders like this (without the quote marks): \" &ndash; \"." } </templatedata> 4s9a0wa3uzadmyaxpnfrs9d9e0k9inx 10 11255 84327 2022-05-19T09:28:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dot wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:·]] miz6j5ktcgs5v2y2i7e02wlxiqtlti6 10 11256 84328 2022-05-19T09:28:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:· wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp;<b>&middot;</b>&#32;<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> m6es8khirlfrhpczjy4j6v6cxs2jadq 10 11257 84329 2022-05-19T09:28:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:·/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Deprecated template|·|flatlist|date=August 2017|note=This template's use {{hl|for dotted lists}} is now '''deprecated'''. Use {{Tl|Flatlist}} or <code>class="hlist"</code> instead; see [[WP:HLIST]].}}</noinclude> {{Documentation subpage}} <includeonly>{{used in system}}</includeonly> {{Template shortcuts |dot|middot|,}} __NOTOC__ This is the '''bold middot''' template, which produces: " '''·''' ". It works similarly to the html+wiki markup sequence [<code>'''&amp;nbsp;<nowiki>'''&amp;middot;'''</nowiki>'''&nbsp;</code>]. That is, a [[non-breaking space]], a bolded middot and a normal space. This template is used when you want something smaller than a [[Template:•|bullet]] "•", or [[Template:spaced ndash|ndash]] "–". This template's use for dotted lists is now '''deprecated'''. Use {{Tl|Flatlist}} or <code>class="hlist"</code> instead; see [[WP:HLIST]]. {| class="wikitable" | style="text-align: center;" |Here's an example of how it's used |- | <p>Normally, in a real box these items would be links, but this is an example.</p> Item1{{dot}} A{{dot}} B{{dot}} Item2{{dot}} Item3{{dot}} Item4{{dot}} Item5{{dot}} extra item{{dot}} E{{dot}} 1{{dot}} 2{{dot}} 3{{dot}} 4{{dot}} 5{{dot}} 6{{dot}} 7{{dot}} {{nowrap|item that won't attach to prior line unless it fits in the remaining space{{dot}}}} Q{{dot}} A slightly longer item{{dot}} KK{{dot}} An obviously really even longer item that the dash will hang at its end{{dot}} Item6{{dot}} C{{dot}} Item7{{dot}} Item8{{dot}} Item9{{dot}} Item10{{dot}} Item11{{dot}} Item12{{dot}} D{{dot}} Item13{{dot}} Item14{{dot}} Item15{{dot}} Item16{{dot}} Item17{{dot}} Item18 <p>The space on the end makes sure the dot doesn't touch the edge of the box, either</p> |} Template Dot is not really intended to be used in article text; it's intended for use in other templates, tables, lists and other equivalent things, in order to include a separator between items such as in infoboxes. It's also to be consistent so that the article editor can use their choice of '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>bull}}''', '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}}''', '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>middot}}''', or '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>spaced ndash}}''' and not have to insert the {{bull}}, {{dot}}, {{middot}}, or {{spaced ndash}} symbol, they can use any of these as a simple macro. The idea being that if you have a table with a list of items, you can insert a bolded middot (or the other symbols) between items that will appear correct, in that the items always have just one separator between them, and when a list crawls to the next line, the separator hangs onto the prior item instead of rolling over to the next line. Notice on the end of this box, the dot symbol "'''·'''" hangs on the end of the last item that will fit on the line, indicating that additional items follow on the next line as part of this list, but the item only stays on the line if the item and the dot will fit. See the column on the right. In code it's ''' Item1<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}} Item2<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}} Item3<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}} Item4<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}} Item5<nowiki>{{</nowiki>dot}}''' etc. (with some smaller items squeezed in to show that the list doesn't have to be the same number of items per line) but in the box they all fold perfectly once it runs out of space on the line to fit the next item and the symbol following. == Technical details == The space before the dot is a [[non-breaking space]]. That means it will not line break and will not collapse together with normal spaces that come before the template. The space after the dot is a normal space. That means it wraps (allows line breaks) and it will collapse together with normal spaces that come after the template to form one single space. Under some circumstances dotted link lists misbehave. They might get unexpected line wraps or they might expand outside the box they are enclosed in. The how-to guide [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]] explains when that happens and how to fix it. == Parameters == <TemplateData>{ "description": "Display a bold spaced middle dot (smaller than bullet)", "params": {} }</TemplateData> == Redirects == * {{tl2|,}} * {{tl2|dot}} * {{tl2|middot}} == Dot sizes == {{Dot size}} == See also == There are several similar templates: * {{tl|•}}, the bullet-point template used mostly for dotted lists that use small font sizes. * {{tl|spndash}} (spaced ndash), which uses "en dash" character ("–", &amp;ndash;) to produce "&nbsp;– ". * {{tl|\}}, for the occasional spaced (forward-)slash "&nbsp;/ " in lists. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> kkwbejrdzsv4d7mh00uo9yl261dfp2m 10 11258 84330 2022-05-19T09:29:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:COinS safe wikitext text/x-wiki {{notice |image={{#ifeq: {{{1|}}}|n|Stop hand nuvola.svg}} |{{#ifeq: {{{1|}}}|n |This template should not be used in citation templates such as [[Help:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] and [[Help:Citation Style 2|Citation Style 2]], because it includes markup that will pollute the [[COinS]] metadata they produce; see [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. {{{addtext|}}}{{Sandbox other||[[Category:Templates not safe for use in citation templates]]}} |This template is safe for use in citation templates that produce [[COinS]] metadata; see [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. If HTML or other markup is added, then the template must be reevaluated. {{{addtext|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> </noinclude> 8de61lf85ld80k0xn9axqln35gvrsnz 10 11259 84331 2022-05-19T09:29:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:COinS safe/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Description == It is to indicate whether it can be safely used in citation templates. By default, it indicates the template is safe for use. When the template is set as "not safe", the page is placed into {{cl|Templates not safe for use in citation templates}}. == Usage == To indicate a template which can be safely used in citation templates: <code><nowiki>{{COinS safe}}</nowiki></code> To indicate a template that should '''NOT''' be used in citation templates: <code><nowiki>{{COinS safe|n}}</nowiki></code> To add extra info after the standard message: {{para|addtext}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" |- !style="width: 25%;"| Code !! Result |- | {{tlx|COinS safe}} || {{COinS safe}} |- | {{tlx|COinS safe|n}} || {{COinS safe|n}} |- | {{tlx|COinS safe|addtext{{=}}Here is the extra info.}} || {{COinS safe|addtext=Here is the extra info.}} |- | {{tlx|COinS safe|n|addtext{{=}}Here is the extra info.}} || {{COinS safe|n|addtext=Here is the extra info.}} |} == Explain COinS issues == Citation templates such as {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} generate COinS metadata. If a template is used in a citation template field, then it may inject HTML into the metadata. Compare the rendered HTML for {{tl|cite book}} with {{para|author}} using no template and using {{tl|smallcaps}}. {| |- | {{markup |<nowiki>{{cite book |author=Sam Drucker |title=Title}}</nowiki> |{{cite book |author=Sam Drucker |title=Title}} {{code|{{cite book |author=Sam Drucker |title=Title}}}} |<nowiki>{{cite book |author={{smallcaps|Sam Drucker}} |title=Title}}</nowiki> |{{cite book |author={{smallcaps|Sam Drucker}} |title=Title |<!-- adding template-doc-demo in 2018 to remove this page from the error category while preserving the error message --> template-doc-demo=true}} {{code|{{cite book |author={{smallcaps|Sam Drucker}} |title=Title}}}} }} |} The author metadata is in the {{code|rft.aulast}} field. In this case, it is percent-encoded and is rendered as <code><nowiki><span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;">Sam Drucker</span></nowiki></code> Reference management software will interpret the entire span as the author name. == See also == * [[w:Wikipedia:Citation templates|Wikipedia:Citation templates]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Notice and warning templates]] }}</includeonly> d42sv6r6tryruxtnpfnmas0u8q9t9jp 10 11260 84332 2022-05-19T09:31:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ifsubst wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{demo|}}} |{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{{demo}}} |no |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }} |{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}} |{{{no|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{{yes|{{{1|}}}}}} }}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 6n9xrkgwrhqddknwc59l4tya8074m0o 10 11261 84333 2022-05-19T09:32:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ifsubst/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE, and INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-semicolon]]}} == Usage == Meta template that returns the first parameter if evaluated during substitution, and the second parameter if evaluated during transclusion.<br />Note that this template must be used in [[mw:Manual:Substitution#Multilevel_substitution|safesubst]] mode to work properly: : <code><nowiki>{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ifsubst| yes | no }}</nowiki></code> The {{para|demo}} parameter can be used for testing the template. Set {{para|demo|yes}} to always display the ''yes'' text, {{para|demo|no}} to always display the ''no'' text, or {{para|demo|<nowiki>{{{demo|}}}</nowiki>}} to pass through the value from the parent template. {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- ADD CATEGORIES HERE, and INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:If-then-else templates]] }}</includeonly> ggjly86uqws3w71k92fj8ccp2188za1 10 11262 84334 2022-05-19T09:33:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #006400;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> r6unov68wl8p1cmmfuakzxmr2lcia6g 10 11263 84335 2022-05-19T09:33:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xt/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE--> {{lowercase title}} {{Documentation subpage|[[Template:xt]], [[Template:bxt]], [[Template:mxt]], [[Template:xtd]], [[Template:bxtd]], [[Template:!xt]], [[Template:!bxt]], and [[Template:!mxt]]}} {{distinguish|Category:Text color templates}} This and related templates produce an inline typeface change suitable to render e'''X'''ample '''T'''ext on Wikipedia's general help pages. ==Using example-formatting templates in general== {{mbox | type = content | small = yes | text = This family of templates ''cannot'' be used in [[Wikipedia:Mainspace|mainspace]] (the article [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]). }} {{lua|Module:TEMPLATENAME|noprotcat=yes}} The [[:Category:Example-formatting templates|category of example-formatting templates]] is used frequently in non-[[Wikipedia:Mainspace|mainspace]] general help pages such as [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Wikipedia:Manual of Style (MOS)]] when ''inline'' typeface changes are needed. {{strong|This family of templates ''cannot'' be used in mainspace (the article [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]).}} {{strong|Also, this family of templates is ''not'' for use as [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext markup]] for [[Wikipedia:Quotations|quotations]] on [[Wikipedia:Talk pages|talk pages]]}}; use {{tlx|tq}} instead. For cases where the serif typeface is not desirable (e.g. in blocks of computer code), use {{tlx|bxt}}, which substitutes boldfacing, or {{tlx|mxt}}, which substitutes a monospaced font. For style examples that break to their own line (e.g. paragraphs), use {{tlx|xt2}}. For examples of {{!xt|bad/wrong style, in red}}, use {{tlx|!xt}}, {{tlx|!bxt}}, {{tlx|!mxt}}, or {{tlx|!xt2}}, respectively. The {{tlx|xtd}} template exists for {{xtg|deprecated}} examples. Its alias {{tlx|xtg}} (for "grey") can be used to indicate uncertain, unavailable, disabled, lorem, etc., examples without implying [[deprecation]]. The bold, sans-serif equivalent is {{tlx|bxtd}} (and {{tlx|bxtg}} alias). The mono-spaced equivalent is {{tlx|mxtd}}. The {{tlx|xtn}} template is for {{xtn|neutral}} examples, and has no color change, but is otherwise identical to {{tlx|xt}}. It can be used with {{tnull|xt}} and {{tnull|!xt}} to indicate usage that is neither advised nor advised against or deprecated. The bold, sans-serif equivalent is {{tlx|bxtn}}. ==Parameters== * {{para||{{var|text here}}}} or {{para|1|{{var|text here}}}} – The text to which to apply the markup. As with all templates, when the text has any equals characters ("="), explicitly prefix the text with {{para|1}} or the template will break. * {{para|title|{{var|tooltip text here}}}} – Takes text, ''which cannot be marked up in any way'', and displays it as a pop-up "tooltip" (in most browsers) when the cursor hovers over the span ==Accessibility== The accompanying change in typeface to a serif or monospaced type style (as in {{xt|example text}}) is to make it fully accessible for those with [[color blindness]]. Keep [[WP:Accessibility|accessibility]] more broadly in mind, and never construct examples such that a blind person, who may not be able to see the coloration, boldfacing, or monospace font change, cannot understand the examples. Especially indicate, with terms like "not", "don't", "wrong:", etc., that a negative example is a negative one, or with "deprecated", "avoid", etc., that deprecated material is deprecated. ==Examples of &#123;&#123;[[Template:xt|xt]]&#125;&#125; syntax and result== ;What you write: :<code><nowiki>...for example, {{xt|1=''T''&nbsp;=&nbsp;293.15&nbsp;K}}, but not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}.</nowiki></code> ;What you get: :...for example, {{xt|1=''T''&nbsp;=&nbsp;293.15&nbsp;K}}, but not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}. {| class=wikitable !What you type !What you get |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!xt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!xt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!mxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!mxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!bxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!bxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |} == User CSS for a monospaced coding font == {{collapse top|left=y|title=Have monospaced templates in this group – and your editing window – use your preferred monospaced font:}} {{Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font}} {{collapse bottom}} ==See also== {{Xt/see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE PLEASE--> [[Category:Example-formatting templates]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}</includeonly> 15a4uydk652xgbtmiykrkq4zrd1qitd 10 11264 84336 2022-05-19T09:34:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtg wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Xtd]] 821ukx9wqnk7ec2yf9vwxmf5mbz9gqo 10 11265 84337 2022-05-19T09:34:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtd wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-deprecated" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #696969;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> 8k20udqbbm83ktj281lv0008hv2x7cm 10 11266 84338 2022-05-19T09:36:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Defn wikitext text/x-wiki <dd class="glossary {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"|{{#if:{{{term|}}}|id="{{{term}}}-defn{{{2|{{{no|1}}}}}}"|}}|}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"|}}>{{#if:{{{2|{{{no|}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{no}}}}}}.&nbsp;&nbsp;|}}{{{defn|{{{1|{{{content}}}}}}}}}</dd><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!--Categories go in the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> dh96z1rifp9w87tiqi2dnydt92l49hn 10 11267 84339 2022-05-19T09:36:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Defn/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} ==Usage== The template {{tlx|defn}} is used in [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries|template-structured glossaries]] to create definitions of terms. It is a wrapper for {{tag|dd}}, the ''description list definition'' [[HTML element#Lists|HTML element]]. The template has a mnemonic redirect at {{tlx|dd}}. Basic usage: {{gray|1={{tlf|glossary}} }} {{gray|1={{tlf|term|1{{=}}<var>term</var>}} }} {{bxt|1={{tlf|defn|1{{=}}<var>Definition.</var>}} }} {{gray|1={{tlf|glossary end}} }} Links, inline templates, reference citations, wikimarkup styles, etc., can be applied to the definition. Technically, the {{para|1}} part is optional if the content of the definition does not contain the "=" character, but as any editors can add content, including templates with this character in them, it is always safest to explicitly name the parameter. The {{para|1}} parameter can also be called {{para|defn}} for those who don't care for numeric parameters. * This will work: {{bxt|1={{tlf|defn|1{{=}}The concept that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, expressed by the formula E{{=}}MC²}} }} * This will work: {{bxt|1={{tlf|defn|defn{{=}}The concept that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, expressed by the formula E{{=}}MC²}} }} * This will {{strongbad|fail}}: {{!bxt|1={{tlf|defn|The concept that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, expressed by the formula E{{=}}MC²}} }} More complex usage might be: {{quote|{{tnull|defn|1{{=}}<var>Definition.</var>&nbsp;|no{{=}}<var>#</var>&nbsp;|term{{=}}<var>term_id</var>}} }} where {{para|no|<var>#</var>}} gives a leading number for a definition in a list of definitions, and {{para|term|<var>term_id</var>}} provides the name of the term used in the {{tlx|Term}} template to which this definition pertains. ===Images, hatnotes and other content=== Images, [[Template:Ghat|hatnotes]] and other "add-in" content intended to immediately follow the {{tnull|term}} {{em|must be used at the top of (inside) the first {{tnull|defn}} of the {{tnull|term}}.}} They {{strong|cannot}} be placed between the {{tnull|term}} and {{tnull|defn}} or it will break the glossary markup. Images can, of course, be placed elsewhere within the {{tnull|defn}}, and bottom-notes like {{tlx|more}} can be placed at the ends of but {{em|inside}} the content of {{tnull|defn}}s. {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{glossary}} {{term |1=colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|coloured ball|coloured balls|colour|colours|color ball}}}} {{defn|1= [[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|150px|A complete set of snooker balls, with six '''colour balls''']] {{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}} In [[snooker]], any of the {{cuegloss|object ball}}s that are not {{cuegloss|red ball|reds}}. }} {{glossary end}}</syntaxhighlight> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <blockquote> {{glossary}} {{term |1=colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|coloured ball|coloured balls|colour|colours|color ball}}}} {{defn|1= [[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|150px|A complete set of snooker balls, with six '''colour balls''']] {{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}} In [[snooker]], any of the {{cuegloss|object ball}}s that are not {{cuegloss|red ball|reds}}. }} {{glossary end}}</blockquote> |} {{clear}} === Multiple definitions for one term === If a single {{tnull|term}} has multiple definitions, they are simply numbered with the {{para|2|parameter}} explicitly. Think of the parameter as standing for "{{strong|2}}nd or later definition". You can also call it {{para|no}}, if you prefer (from "[[Numero sign|No.]]") Example: {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{glossary}} {{term|1=blubbermonster}} {{defn|1=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. |no=1}} {{defn|1=Consectetur adipisicing elit. |no=2}} {{glossary end}}</syntaxhighlight> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <blockquote> {{glossary}} {{term|1=blubbermonster}} {{defn|1=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. |no=1}} {{defn|1=Consectetur adipisicing elit. |no=2}} {{glossary end}} </blockquote> |} {{clear}} Because of the uneven length of definitions, it is usually more convenient to put the {{para|2|}} before the {{para|1}} description: {{quote|{{tnull|defn&nbsp;|2{{=}}1&nbsp;|1{{=}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.}} }} or {{quote|{{tnull|defn&nbsp;|no{{=}}1&nbsp;|1{{=}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.}} }} This is a very robust method, because it permits complex content like block quotations, nested lists, {cross-reference hatnotes, and other block-level markup inside each definition. The definitions can also be independently linked. Use of a "standard" hatnote with a numbered definition would require manual numbering or it would look weird. But this method is deprecated anyway. An example of forcing it to kinda work: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{term|1=blackjack|content=blackjack{{anchor|Blackjack}} }} {{defn |1={{main|Blackjack}}}} {{defn|no=1|1=A card game in which players attempt to approach 21 but not exceed it.}} {{defn|no=2|1=The best possible hand in the game of blackjack, made up of an ace and a card valued at 10 (namely, 10, J, Q, K). }} </syntaxhighlight> It's better to use the {{tlx|ghat}} template, for glossary hatnotes, and put it inside the first (or most applicable) definition. This obviates creating a pseudo-definition to hold the hatnote, as shown above. {{tnull|Ghat}} (which uses [[Module:Hatnote inline]]) has some CSS adjustments to work better than {{tlx|Hatnote}} and its derivatives, when used inside a definition. === Making the definition independently linkable === {{quote box|width=33%|title=HTML5 update:|quote=Most of the restrictions on the content of <code>id</code> have been removed, so <code>id</code> values no longer have to begin with an <code>[a-z][A-Z]</code> alphabetic character, avoid most punctuation marks, or suffer other such limitations. Wikipedia's MediaWiki engine is smart enough to auto-escape any problematic characters, on the fly.}}To enable a link directly to a specific definition, name the definition with its {{tlx|term}} (or it must be the {{para|id|{{var|foo}}}} value, if any, used in {{tnull|term}}). This must be unique on the page for each term, but should be the same for multiple definitions of the same term). This is done with the {{tnull|defn}}'s {{para|term}} parameter. This will produce a <code>#</code>-link target ID in the form <code>{{var|term}}-defn{{var|#}}</code>, where the {{var|#}} is the number of the definition ''(see [[#Multiple definitions for one term]], above)'', defaulting to "1". Example: {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{glossary}} {{term|1=blubbermonster}} {{defn|no=1 |1=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. |term=blubbermonster}} {{defn|no=2 |1=Consectetur adipisicing elit. |term=blubbermonster}} {{term|1=snorkelweasel (noun)}} {{defn|1=Ut enim ad minim veniam |term=snorkelweasel (noun)}} {{glossary end}}</syntaxhighlight> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <blockquote> {{glossary}} {{term|1=blubbermonster}} {{defn|no=1 |1=Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. |term=blubbermonster}} {{defn|no=2 |1=Consectetur adipisicing elit. |term=blubbermonster}} {{term|1=snorkelweasel (noun)}} {{defn|1=Ut enim ad minim veniam |term=snorkelweasel (noun)}} {{glossary end}}</blockquote> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | &nbsp;HTML output: <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <dl class="glossary"> <dt class="glossary" id="blubbermonster" style="margin-top: 0.4em;"><dfn class="glossary">blubbermonster</dfn></dt> <dd class="glossary" id="blubbermonster-defn1">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.</dd> <dd class="glossary" id="blubbermonster-defn2">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Consectetur adipisicing elit.</dd> <dt class="glossary" id="snorkelweasel_(noun)" style="margin-top: 0.4em;"><dfn class="glossary">snorkelweasel (noun)</dfn></dt> <dd class="glossary" id="snorkelweasel_(noun)-defn1">Ut enim ad minim veniam</dd> </dl> </syntaxhighlight> |} {{clear}} Note that some characters in <code>snorkelweasel (noun)</code>" have been converted on the fly by MediaWikia by the time it sends the ID to the browser as <code>snorkelweasel_.28noun.29-defn1</code>. You can still link to it on this page as [[#snorkelweasel (noun)-defn1]] (view page source and see for yourself &ndash; that link has <code>href=#snorkelweasel_.28noun.29-defn1</code>). The IDs {{samp|blubbermonster-defn1}}, {{samp|blubbermonster-defn2}},&nbsp; and {{samp|snorkelweasel_(noun)-defn1}} are all individually linkable, e.g. as <code><nowiki>[[Glossary of weird terms#blubbermonster-defn1]]</nowiki></code>. This is especially useful for cross-references within the glossary, e.g. <code><nowiki>See also [[#blubbermonster-defn2|"blubbermonster", sense 2]].</nowiki></code> To add more than one linkable anchor, use the {{tl|anchor}} template at the beginning of the definition's content: {{tlf|defn|no{{=}}2 |1{{=}}{{tlp|anchor|elit|Elit}}Consectetur adipisicing elit. |term{{=}}blubbermonster}} === Languages === There is no {{para|lang}} parameter, as on English Wikipedia all definitions are necessarily in English. For uses of glossary markup for non-glossary purposes in which some content may be in a foreign language, use language templates. E.g. in a list of film title translations formatted using glossary markup: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{glossary}} {{term|1=Titles of La Vie en Rose in various languages&nbsp;|content=Titles of ''[[La Vie en Rose]]'' in various languages}} {{defn|1=French: ''{{lang|fr|La Vie en Rose}}''}} {{defn|1=English: ''Life in Pink''}} ... {{glossary end}} </syntaxhighlight> === Examples === This shows both a very simple then a rather complex instance: {| | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{fake heading|A&ndash;M}} {{glossary}} {{term|1=applesnorkel}} {{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}} {{term|term=arglefarst |content=''{{lang|de|arglefarst}}''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }} {{defn|no=1 |defn= Beginning of first definition of term 2 {{gbq|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}} Conclusion of first definition of term 2. }} {{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}} {{glossary end}}</syntaxhighlight> |- | style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: top;" | <blockquote> {{fake heading|A&ndash;M}} {{glossary}} {{term|1=applesnorkel}} {{defn|1=Definition of term 1.}} {{term|term=arglefarst |content=''{{lang|de|arglefarst}}''{{anchor|argle-farst|argle farst}} }} {{defn|no=1 |defn= Beginning of first definition of term 2 {{gbq|1=Block quotation in first definition of term 2.}} Conclusion of first definition of term 2. }} {{defn|no=2 |defn=Second definition of term 2.}} {{glossary end}} </blockquote> |} ===Applying CSS styles to the definition=== The {{para|style}} parameter will pass CSS styling on to the {{tag|dd|o}} element, e.g. {{para|style|font-family:serif;}} or whatever. I.e., this styles the definition itself, not the term it applies to, other definitions, or the glossary as a whole. This feature is rarely if ever needed in articles, but can be useful elsewhere for things like matching custom user page style. ===Other parameters=== The {{para|id}} parameter can be used to assign a one-word, case-sensitive ID name to definition. It must be unique on the page. This can be used as a #link target, and could have other metadata uses. ''See the [[#Making the definition independently linkable]] section for how to normally make a definition linkable.'' Probably the {{em|only}} reason to use this feature is if there are two terms with the same name on the page, which would result in conflicting IDs. The {{para|class}} parameter will pass one or more space-separated CSS classes on to {{tag|dd|o}} element, in addition to the automatically included class <code>glossary</code>. ''There is rarely any reason to do this.'' ==See also== {{glossary templates see also}} * Not to be confused with {{tl|dfn}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Glossary templates]] [[Category:Definition list templates]] }}</includeonly> gi431c1j6smxudqgl0g2y27a3chjh86 10 11268 84340 2022-05-19T09:37:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Flowlist wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Flowlist/styles.css" /><div class="flowlist {{{class|}}}" {{#if: {{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{{1}}} </div>}}<noinclude></div> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gs5tvqea8rg7udsusp0j8j6bky5063f 10 11269 84341 2022-05-19T09:37:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Flowlist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{When on basepage|{{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Flowlist/styles.css}}}} ===Usage=== If you have this problem of list bullets and numbers overlapping with a left floating image or Infobox, for example: [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{clear}} then {{tl|Flowlist}} enables lists to stay clear of these left floating objects. It effectively makes lists act as a block level element. It does however have a few [[#Side_effects|side effects]] that you should take note of. [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endflowlist}} {{clear}} This template can be used with or without {{tl|endflowlist}}. ===Examples=== <pre><nowiki> [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist | * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} </nowiki></pre> [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist | * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] }} {{clear}} ;Alternative syntax: <pre><nowiki> [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endflowlist}} </nowiki></pre> [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|100px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist}} * [[cat]] * [[dog]] * [[horse]] * [[cow]] * [[sheep]] * [[pig]] {{endflowlist}} {{clear}} ===Parameters=== * '''class''' – adds a CSS class to the containing div. * '''style''' – adds CSS style options. Complex styles should not be used in articles (per [[wp:deviations]]) but may be acceptable on user, project, and talk pages. ::Example: {{para|<var>style</var>|<var>border:solid 1px silver; background:lightyellow</var>}} ===Side effects=== Using this technique has a side effect. If your list is longer than the floated element, then the list will not flow around the image like normal, but instead be one block, leaving white space below the floated element. This goes for both left and right side of the list. <div style="width:30em; display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; border: 1px dotted; padding: 1em; margin-right:2em; "> ====This==== [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|20px|Test image]][[File:Bad Title Example.png|right|thumb|20px|Test image]] List of animals: * [[cat]] in a very long sentence that should collide with the image to the right * [[dog]] in a very long sentence that should collide with the image to the right </div><div style="width:30em; display:inline-block; vertical-align:top; border: 1px dotted; padding: 1em;"> ====Will become==== [[File:Bad Title Example.png|left|thumb|20px|Test image]][[File:Bad Title Example.png|right|thumb|20px|Test image]] List of animals: {{flowlist}} * [[cat]] in a very long sentence that should collide with the image to the right * [[dog]] in a very long sentence that should collide with the image to the right {{endflowlist}} </div> {{clear}} ===See also=== * {{tl|endflowlist}} * {{tl|flatlist}} * {{tl|plainlist}} * [[MediaWiki_talk:Common.css/Archive_14#Lists_and_left_floating_images|The history of this template]] * [[phab:T13782|Phabricator ticket]] {{HTML lists}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:List formatting and function templates|Flowlist]] }}</includeonly> 8y9bwq8jvhvs4zn586wnlpbw62r0nqr 10 11270 84342 2022-05-19T09:37:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Flowlist/styles.css sanitized-css text/css .flowlist ul { overflow-x: hidden; margin-left: 0; padding-left: 1.6em; } .flowlist ol { overflow-x: hidden; margin-left: 0; padding-left: 3.2em; } .flowlist dl { overflow-x: hidden; } igrr8xl5xvxo8f8317d995u5rnberye 10 11271 84343 2022-05-19T09:38:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mono/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .monospaced { /* "monospace, monospace" per [[WP:MONO]] */ font-family: monospace, monospace; } np4jqak6c9salmg4ht0lxddkoh7wqt0 10 11272 84344 2022-05-19T09:38:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Endflowlist wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><div></noinclude></div><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Flowlist/doc}} </noinclude> 322enoehl3uypjpuap42mbr1vo3nu14 10 11273 84345 2022-05-19T09:40:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:- wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Clear]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from modification}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 7ftw22ju220o4mhfryrhdhdanb4vzun 10 11274 84347 2022-05-19T09:45:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link expanded wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:Template link general|main|code=on}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlx}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> coojm3pkl18q6hsxqyw9qpihxc7knpv 10 11275 84348 2022-05-19T09:51:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Endplainlist wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Plainlist/doc}} </noinclude> owuqpy73m48jricqo7bykll5w0j3c2o 828 11276 84350 2022-05-19T09:54:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Check for unknown parameters/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-warning-DS]]}} {{module rating|p}} {{Lua|Module:If preview|noprotcat=yes}} This module may be appended to a template to check for uses of unknown parameters. == Usage == === Basic usage === <pre> {{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category:Some tracking category]] |arg1|arg2|arg3|argN}} </pre> or to sort the entries in the tracking category by parameter with a preview error message <pre> {{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=[[Category:Some tracking category|_VALUE_]] |preview=unknown parameter "_VALUE_" |arg1|arg2|...|argN}} </pre> or for an explicit red error message <pre> {{#invoke:check for unknown parameters|check |unknown=<span class="error">Sorry, I don't recognize _VALUE_</span> |arg1|arg2|...|argN}} </pre> Here, <code>arg1</code>, <code>arg2</code>, ..., <code>argN</code>, are the known parameters. Unnamed (positional) parameters can be added too: <code><nowiki>|1|2|argname1|argname2|...</nowiki></code>. Any parameter which is used, but not on this list, will cause the module to return whatever is passed with the <code>unknown</code> parameter. The <code>_VALUE_</code> keyword, if used, will be changed to the name of the parameter. This is useful for either sorting the entries in a tracking category, or for provide more explicit information. By default, the module makes no distinction between a defined-but-blank parameter and a non-blank parameter. That is, both unlisted {{para|foo|x}} and {{para|foo}} are reported. To only track non-blank parameters use {{para|ignoreblank|1}}. By default, the module ignores blank positional parameters. That is, an unlisted {{para|2}} is ignored. To ''include'' blank positional parameters in the tracking use {{para|showblankpositional|1}}. === Lua patterns === This module supports [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Patterns|Lua patterns]] (similar to [[regular expression]]s), which are useful when there are many known parameters which use a systematic pattern. For example, [[template:infobox3cols]] uses <pre> | regexp1 = header[%d][%d]* | regexp2 = label[%d][%d]* | regexp3 = data[%d][%d]*[abc]? | regexp4 = class[%d][%d]*[abc]? | regexp5 = rowclass[%d][%d]* | regexp6 = rowstyle[%d][%d]* | regexp7 = rowcellstyle[%d][%d]* </pre> to match all parameters of the form <code>headerNUM</code>, <code>labelNUM</code>, <code>dataNUM</code>, <code>dataNUMa</code>, <code>dataNUMb</code>, <code>dataNUMc</code>, ..., <code>rowcellstyleNUM</code>, where NUM is a string of digits. == Example == <pre> {{Infobox | above = {{{name|}}} | label1 = Height | data1 = {{{height|}}} | label2 = Weight | data2 = {{{weight|}}} | label3 = Website | data3 = {{{website|}}} }}<!-- end infobox, start tracking -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check | unknown = {{main other|[[Category:Some tracking category|_VALUE_]]}} | preview = unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | name | height | weight | website }} </pre> ==See also== * {{clc|Unknown parameters}} (category page can have header {{tl|Unknown parameters category}}) * [[Module:Check for deprecated parameters]] – similar module that checks for deprecated parameters * [[Module:Check for clobbered parameters]] – module that checks for conflicting parameters * [[Module:TemplatePar]] – similar function (originally from dewiki) * [[Template:Parameters]] and [[Module:Parameters]] – generates a list of parameter names for a given template * [[Project:TemplateData]] based template parameter validation * [[Module:Parameter validation]] checks a lot more * [[User:Bamyers99/TemplateParametersTool]] - A tool for checking usage of template parameters <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 5tnfdioibhgrighempan93jkgs03ru8 0 11277 84352 2022-05-19T13:15:19Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Inkwavu]] Ubworozi bw'Inkwavu zororerwa mu kiraro cyubatse neza  gifite isuku kandi zikagaburirwa mu buryo bukwiye kugirango zirusheho gutanga umusaruro. == Kubaka ikiraro == * Akazu inkwavu zibamo kagomba kuba nibura kicaye kuri cm 75 uvuye kubutaka. * Agasanduku kagomba kuba gafite:ibipimo bikurikira * uburebure: m1 * Ubugari; cm 75 * Ubuhagarike; cm 55 == Inzu inkwavu zibamo == Inzu igomba kuba nini ikurikije umubare w’inkwavu zibamo:..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Inkwavu]] Ubworozi bw'Inkwavu zororerwa mu kiraro cyubatse neza  gifite isuku kandi zikagaburirwa mu buryo bukwiye kugirango zirusheho gutanga umusaruro. == Kubaka ikiraro == * Akazu inkwavu zibamo kagomba kuba nibura kicaye kuri cm 75 uvuye kubutaka. * Agasanduku kagomba kuba gafite:ibipimo bikurikira * uburebure: m1 * Ubugari; cm 75 * Ubuhagarike; cm 55 == Inzu inkwavu zibamo == Inzu igomba kuba nini ikurikije umubare w’inkwavu zibamo: * rukwavu rumwe rukuru rugomba kuba nibura mu mwanya uri hagati ya metero kare 0,6-0,7 * Urukwavu rucutse  ruba mu mwanya nibura wa meterokare 0,1 Akazu gato cyane gatuma inkwavu zidindira ntizikure neza,kandi ntizigire ubuzima bwiza * Inzu y’inkwavu igomba kujyamo umwuka, ariko ikaba ikingiye neza umuyaga * Inkwavu zigomba kubona urumuri,kubura urumuri bituma inkwavu zanga kubangurira cyangwa kubangurirwa zikagabanya uburumbuke bwazo. * Kugirango urumuri rwinjire mu kiraro, urugi rugomba kuba rukonzwe mu mukwege (akayungiro). rukwavu ni itungo rigomba ituze kugirango rwororoke kandi rugire ubuzima bwiza. Ibibuza inkwavu amahoro cyane cyane ni: urusaku rukabije ,ibisimba cyangwa amatungo azirya(imbwa, imbeba) == ISUKU == * Isuku ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubworozi bw’inkwavu bugire akamaro. * Urukwavu kurerwa n’imiti. * Umworozi agomba kurukingira mbere yuko rurwara. * Akazu k’urukwavu kagomba iteka guhorana isuku. * Isuku mu kazu ikingira indwara nyinshi nko guhitwa ibitukura n’ubuheri biterwa n’umwanda. Akazu kagomba gusukurwa bihagije hagomba rero: * Ibyo bubakisha akazu bigomba guterwa umuti; * Kwirinda inguni zishobora guhisha ibyuririzi(udusimba) * Mu kazu hasi hagomba gutuma amahurunguru n’inkari binyuramo, ni ukuvuga kuba arumukwege ,cyangwa ibiti bitegeranye hagati yabyo harimo cm 1,5 * Icyo ziriramo ibyatsi zitabyanduza. * Icyo ziriramo n’icyo zinyweramo byozwa buri munsi, * Urugi runini rutuma basukura neza hose.<ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/rabbit/feeding__rabbit</ref> '''Icyo ziriramo :''' Gishobora kuba agakombe umworozi akagafatisha k’urukuta rw’akazu kugirango urukwavu rutayamena. '''Kugaburira inkwavu''' Kugira ngo ikinyabuzima gikure, kigire ubuzima, cyororoke, kigire icyo gitanga kandi kirwanye irwara, gikenera amazi n’ibiribwa '''Bimwe mu by’ingenzi urukwavu rurya''' * '''Ibyatsi''' nka:kimari,inyabarasanya,amasununu,igifuraninda,imigozi y’ibijumba, igicumucumu, urwiri, setaria, tripsacum, urubingo * '''Ibibabi by’ibinyamisongwe:''' ubunyobwa,soya,ibishyimbo,amashaza, mucuna,desmodium * '''Ibyatsi byumye:''' ibibabi by’ibigori, iby’ingano, ubwatsi bwumye, ibishishwaby’amashaza n’ibyibishyimbo * '''Amakoma acagaguye''' * Ibibabi by’amashu,karoti * Ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni ariko ukareba neza ko nta macupa yamenekeyemo cyangwa ikindi cya komeretsa   urukwavu mu kanwa. Ibyo bisigazwa bigomba kuba bifite isuku kandi bitarahuguta. Kimwe  n’abantu urukwavu rukeneye guhindurirwa indyo kugira ngo rukure neza. Ni byiza kongeraho kubwatsi inkwavu zirya  son de riz,ibinyabijumba,impeke (bibashije kuboneka) umuceri utetse wasigaye; Urukwavu rukoresha neza ibyatsi ariko kandi na none ruha agaciro ibiribwa bikize mu bitunga umubiri.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == REBA == [[Ikiciro:Urunkwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] dz1xnylnznef9b2rctnnyxghciwykcc 14 11278 84353 2022-05-19T13:15:50Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Urunkwavu" wikitext text/x-wiki Urunkwavu h9gughkurpk74nknte3sfztubw83s38 0 11279 84354 2022-05-19T13:43:04Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Inkwavu]] [[Ubworozi bw'inkwavu]] bufasha Umworozi ushaka kunguka cyane (kubona abana benshi kandi bakura vuba) mu bworozi bwe, ashobora kugura cyangwa ubwe akikorera imvange y’ibiribwa bikize kubitunga umubiri  ahereye kubyo agura cyangwa yihingira. Muriyo mvange hagomba kuba harimo : * Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga * Ibyubaka umubiri * Za vitamine z’imyunyu == '''''Dore ingero z’imvange nziza zitaruhije gukora umworozi yakwifashisha''':..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Inkwavu]] [[Ubworozi bw'inkwavu]] bufasha Umworozi ushaka kunguka cyane (kubona abana benshi kandi bakura vuba) mu bworozi bwe, ashobora kugura cyangwa ubwe akikorera imvange y’ibiribwa bikize kubitunga umubiri  ahereye kubyo agura cyangwa yihingira. Muriyo mvange hagomba kuba harimo : * Ibiribwa bitera imbaraga * Ibyubaka umubiri * Za vitamine z’imyunyu == '''''Dore ingero z’imvange nziza zitaruhije gukora umworozi yakwifashisha''':'' == # Ibigori bisekuye       :Ibiro 3,5 Amasaka asekuye    :ibiro 3,5 Turto (ubunyobwa cyangwa ibihoke): ibiro 3 Umunyu ishwagara,ifu y’amagufa  :garama 300 2. Ibigori bisekuye       :ibiro 4 Igiheri cy’umuceri   :ibiro 4 Soya ikaranze           :ibiro 2 Umunyu ishwagara :garama 300 Izi ngero tumaze kubona, umworozi azikoresha ashaka ibiro 10 by’imvange y’ibiribwa bikize ku bitunga umubiri. Imvange y’ibiryo igaburirwa bitewe n’icyiciro urukwavu rurimo''.'' * Inkwavu zikiri nto zikenera kugaburirwa indyo ikungahaye ku byubaka umubiri (soya,ubunyobwa) * Urukwavu rukuze rukenera cyane indyo ikungahaye ku bitera imbaraga (ibigori) == '''''Kugirango umworozi agaburire neza inkwavu ze agomba:''''' == * '''Kuziha ibyatsi byinshi binyuranye,''' iyo bivanze bituma inkwavu zirya cyane * Kugirango inkwavu zororoke cyane,urukwavu rukenera kugaburirwa imvange * '''Kuziha ibyatsi bitemye byumutse'''. Umworozi abyanika igihe gito kugira ngo byumuke kuko iyo bitose cyangwa byarahuguse, bishobora gutuma inkwavu zimererwa nabi,igifi nti gikore neza. Iyo abyanika umworozi abishyira mu gicucu amaze kubisanza ahantu humutse. * '''Kuziha ibyatsi byishyi:''' inshuro 2 cyangwa 3 mu munsi kandi mu masaha amwe buri gihe. * '''Kwitondera ibyo agaburira inkwavu:'''ibyatsi bimwe byica inkwavu: ikibonobono, umukoni, umutambashi, umuyenzi, akaziranyo, inkarabwe, umwishywa…. * Guha inkwavu cyane cyane izonsa iteka amazi meza kand afutse.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == Imyororokere y’inkwavu == * Muri rusange urukwavu rubangurirwa ubwa mbere rufite amezi 5 * Imfizi itangira kwimya ifite amezi 6 * Urukwavu rwotsa ukwezi mu bworozi bwa kijyambere,naho mu miryango isanzwe rukonsa amezi 2; * rukwavu ruhaka ukwezi kumwe * Urukwavu rwongera kubangurinzwa nyuma yamezi atatu.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urunkwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] hbso402unpf4r504oz9vqtv28vl7wuu 0 11280 84355 2022-05-19T14:07:07Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urunkwavu]] [[Ubworozi bw'inkwavu|Ubworozi bw'urunkwavu]] mu gihe inkwavu nyarwanda zigaburirwa ibyatsi gusa zidashobora kubyara inshuro zirenze 4 ku mwaka, inkwavu zigaburirwa ibiryo mvaruganda zishobora kugeza kubyaro 5 mu mwaka kuko igihe cyo kongera kuzibanguriza kigabanuko (abana bacuka vuba, kuko bagaburirwa iyo ndyo ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri). '''Uburyo urukwavu rubangurirwa''' * Igihe cyo kubangurira urukwavu,umworozi niwe ukigena..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urunkwavu]] [[Ubworozi bw'inkwavu|Ubworozi bw'urunkwavu]] mu gihe inkwavu nyarwanda zigaburirwa ibyatsi gusa zidashobora kubyara inshuro zirenze 4 ku mwaka, inkwavu zigaburirwa ibiryo mvaruganda zishobora kugeza kubyaro 5 mu mwaka kuko igihe cyo kongera kuzibanguriza kigabanuko (abana bacuka vuba, kuko bagaburirwa iyo ndyo ikungahaye ku ntungamubiri). '''Uburyo urukwavu rubangurirwa''' * Igihe cyo kubangurira urukwavu,umworozi niwe ukigena kuko urukwavu ntirutinda nk’ayandi matingo. * Iyo inda yamaganga itukuye, kaba akarusho igihe cyo kubangurirwa nyacyo. * Urukwavu rubangurirwa kare mu gitondo kare cyangwa ku gicamunsi bugiye kwira kandi bigakorerwa mu cyumba cy’imfizi. * Injiza inyagazi (isumba)mu kiraro cy’imfizi ubanje inda y’amaganga. * Iyo rurangije kubangurirwa (iminota itanu irahagije)rusubuzwa mu kazu karwo. == Umubare w’inyagazi ku mfizi: == * Imfizi imwe irahagije ku nyagazi ziri hagati 10 na 15 ariko ibyiza ni uguteganya imfizi 2 kugirango zijye zisimburana * Imfizi imwe yimya inshuro zitarenze ebyiri ku munsi kandi iminsi itarenze 4 mu cyumweru, * Mu kwezi kwa mbere rukoreshwa buhoro buhoro kuku rutarakomera. == Gusuzuma niba urukwavu rw’inyagazi rwafashe == * Ntabundi buryo bushoboka uretse gukanda kunda hagati y’iminsi 10 na 14 urukwavu rumaze kubangurirwa(kurukanda bigomba gukorwa buhoro cyane kugirango rutaramburura, * Andika itariki wabanguriyeho urukwavu, * Iyo umworozi asanze rudahaka yongera kurubangurira bundi bushya. === Mu gihe urukwavu  rwafashwe(ruhaka): === * Itwararike ko urukwavu rutabura amazi * Gaburira neza urukwavu ruhaka === Kubyara: === Urukwavu rubyara hashize iminsi mirongo itatu (30). === Gutegura ikiraro: === * Mbere y’uko urukwavu rubyara tegura ikiraro ruzabyariramo byibura mbere y’iminsi hagati y’ibiri(2)n’itanu(5). * Sukura neza ikiraro, usasemo utwatsi tworoshye kandi twumutse tudahanda. * Tera umuti wica udukoko mu kiraro,Tegura neza icyari inkwavu zizakuriramo kuko zivuka ntabwoya zifite ningobwa rero kuzirinda icyazibangamira cyose === Igihe cyo kubyara: === * Hasigaye iminsi mike ngo rubyare, urukwavu rw’imfura amoya yo kunda rukayasasa kuri cya cyarire, * Urukwavu ntirukenera gufashwa mu gihe cyo kubyara ahubwo rukenera umutuzo n’isuku. * Gusuzuma icyari bikorwa akanya gato nyuma yo kubyara; umworozi yigizayo urukwavu kugirango avanemo ibyana bya mfuye cyangwa imiziha  urukwavu rutabashije kurya. '''Kurekesha urukwavu abana b’urundi rwa byaye benshi cyangwa rutakiriho:''' Mu gihe hari inkwavu zagize ikibazo nyina igapfa ushobora kuzireresha kurundi: * Umubare w’abana ruhabwa ntugomba kurenga 3; * Abo bana bagomba kuba batarengeje iminsi 5 bavutse; * Abo bana nabo bazabana ntibagomba kurutanwa iminsi. === Gucutsa === * Hagati y’ukweze n’igice (1.5)n’ameze 2 b’inkwavubavutse bose bavanwa kuri nyina umunsi umwe bagashyirwa mu biraro bisukuye ku mubare ungana na 7-8 muri buri ikiraro. * Mbere yo gucutsa inkwavu ningobwa kuziha umuti w’umuzimire (''impiswi y’ibitukura bita kogisidiyose),uwo muti ugakomeza gutagwa mu minsi 5 yuzuye.'' * Kirazira gushyira inkwavu zacutse aho zitisanzuye kuko bigabanya kororoka. * Nyuma yo gucuka kugeza igihe cyo kugurishwa ;ni ukuvuga amezi 5-6,inkwavu zitungwa n’ibyatsi cyangwa ibinyampeke. * Nyuma yo gucutsa, urukwavu ruhita rubangurirwa.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urunkwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] mgh3crse80wjpmspzosky5l3bqjm7oy 0 11281 84356 2022-05-19T14:21:30Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urunkwavu]] Ubworozi bw'inkwavu cyangwa inkwavu zishobora kurenza icyo gihe cyo kubaho ,bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye z’umworozi, nko kuba zaratoranyijwe kuzaba nk’ibyeyi, cyangwa se zikaba zitabonerwa isoko ngo zigurishwe buri rukwavu rushyirwa ukwarwo iyo aramasekurume zigakonwa kugirango zikomeze zororwe hamwe n’amashashi. == Ibigenderwaho mu gutoranya imbyeyi zizakomeza mu bworozi == * Kwipfura kurinda abana barwo neza no kubarw..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Urukwavu.gif|thumb|Urunkwavu]] Ubworozi bw'inkwavu cyangwa inkwavu zishobora kurenza icyo gihe cyo kubaho ,bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye z’umworozi, nko kuba zaratoranyijwe kuzaba nk’ibyeyi, cyangwa se zikaba zitabonerwa isoko ngo zigurishwe buri rukwavu rushyirwa ukwarwo iyo aramasekurume zigakonwa kugirango zikomeze zororwe hamwe n’amashashi. == Ibigenderwaho mu gutoranya imbyeyi zizakomeza mu bworozi == * Kwipfura kurinda abana barwo neza no kubarwanaho ; * Kubyara abana bazima benshi; * Gucutsa abana bazima bafite ibiro bishimishije; * Kutagira amahane Gutoranya imfizi: Imfizi igurwa ahandi mu zindi nkwavu kugirango hatazavuka ikibazo cy’amacugane === Kumenya umubare w’inkwavu zorowe === * Kwambika urukwavu amaherena biba ngobwa * Aborozi basazwe bakoresha impapuro zigaragaza ubuzima n’imyororokereya buri nyagazi cyangwa se buri mfizi iri muri burikiraro kugirango hamenyekane neza umubare w’inkwavu ziri muri buri kiraro. * Ibyo byandikwa kw’ifishi ikamanikwa kuri buri kiraro cyangwa se iyo fishi ikabikwa niba hari ikibazo cyo kunyagirwa hanze cyangwa se kwangirika ,icyo gihe buri kiraro bishyirwaho inomero.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> === Ibigomba kwandikwa kwifishi nibi bikurikira: === * nkomoko (inkwavu rwakomotseho) * Ubwoko bw’urukwavu * Igihe rwavukiye * Igitsina * Inumero iruranga * Umubare w’inkwavu zororewe mu kiraro * Inshuro rumaze kubyara niba ari inyagazi Amashashi azasimbura inyagazi zishaje atoranywa mu gihe cyo gucutsa niyo mpamvu biba ngombwa gukoresha ifishi izafasha muri iryo robanura. === Ubuzima bw’urukwavu === Kimwe no mu bundi bworozi urukwavu rukenera ubuzima buzira umuze kugirango rurusheho gutanga umusaruro uhagije. ''Urukwavu rufite ubuzima bwiza ruba rugaragaza ibimenyetso bikurikira:'' * Ijisho rikerebutse n’urwoya yuryamye kandi ruyaga; * Amatwi ahagaze ntagihushi kiriho; * Rutagaragaza akamyira ku mazuru; * Amaboko n’inda y’amase bifite isuku<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=162</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urunkwavu]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] 45akrpe06qsjkey6qhmoyezgtaho0t8 0 11282 84362 84361 2022-05-19T15:15:33Z Nkurudeo 10766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pig ingurube.gif|thumb|Ingurube]] Ubworozi bw'Ingurube tugiye kurebera hamwe uko Tumenya amoko yazo, uko zororwa kijyambere n'ibiryo byazo. == AKAMARO KO KORORA INGURUBE == Mu matungo yose yororerwa mu rugo, ingurube ni ryo tungo ribyaza umusaruro utubutse ibyo iba yariye kurusha ayandi matungo, kubera ko uko irya ari na ko yiyongera ibiro byinshi kandi vuba; ni ukuvuga ko ibiryo byose iriye biyiyoboka. Ingurube irya ibiryo byose uyihaye : ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni, ibiryo bikomoka ku bikatsi, ibituruka ku mavuta, ku miceri, ku masukari, ku bworozi bw’amafi kandi bikayigirira akamaro. Ibyo bishobora kuzuzwa n’inyama, ibyatsi, ibinyampeke n’imbuto. Ingurube imwe n’ibibwana byayo bishobora kugera ku musaruro munini ku mwaka iyo ari ubwoko bwiza kandi zigaburirwa neza. Ingurube ishobora gutanga ibiro by’inyama bingana n’igihumbi na magana atandatu mu mwaka (kg 1.600). == Amoko y’ingurube yororerwa mu Rwanda == === '''1.''' '''Ubwoko bw’ingurube nyarwanda:''' === ingurube nyarwanda igira uruhu rw’umukara, rimwe na rimwe uvanze n’amabara y’umweru. Agahanga ni kagufi, ikinwa ni kirekire, amatwi ni matoya akaba yemye cyangwa aryamye ariko ntatendera. Uruti rwayo ni ruto, amaguru ni maremare kandi afite umubyimba muto. Ubu bwoko burwanya indwara, bwihanganira ubushyuhe, bwemera indyo iyo ari yo yose. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 8-10, bubwagura kabiri mu mwaka. Urubyaro rwa mbere ruboneka ingurube ifite umwaka n’igice (amezi 18) cyangwa imyaka ibiri (amezi 24). Iyo ngurube ikura buhoro, igira ibiro 120 yujuje umwaka n’igice. Inenge yayo yindi ni uko iyo ikuze igira ibinure byinshi, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, na yo igata agaciro.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165</ref><ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/rabbit/feeding__rabbit</ref> === '''2. Ubwoko bw’ingurube zifite ibara ryera (Large White):''' === ubwo bwoko bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga kanini gacuritse, ikinwa kinini, amatwi ni manini kandi arahagaze ; bufite umubiri munini ugizwe n’inyama nyinshi, amaguru yabwo ni manini kuko agizwe n’inyama nyinshi. Ubwo bwoko bugerageza kurwanya indwara, ariko busaba kugaburirwa neza cyane. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 10-12, kabiri mu mwaka. Iyo ngurube ibwagura ubwa mbere ifite amezi 12, ikura vuba, igira ibiro 70 ku mezi 5, itanga umusaruro w’inyama mwiza cyane, ariko ikenera isuku no kugaburirwa neza cyane. === '''3. Ubwoko bwitwa Landrace (soma Landiresi):''' === na bwo bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga karekare kandi kabyimbye, amatwi manini atendera. Umubiri wayo ni muremure ugereranyije n’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Ubwo bwoko ntibufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kurwanya indwara ariko umusaruro ni mwiza cyane kurusha n’uw’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Umubiri w’iyo ngurube ni muremure haba mu butambike cyangwa mu buhagarike === '''4. Andi moko y’ibyimanyi''' === Large White+Inyarwanda• : Irwanya indwara kandi itanga umusaruro ushimishije iyo igaburiwe neza. Large White+Landrace• + Duroc: Ubwo bwoko buherutse kugera mu Rwanda buturutse muri Irlande (soma Irilande) burwanya indwara kandi butanga umusaruro mwiza.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165</ref> == Ikiraro cy’Ingurube == Mu kiraro hakenerwa umwanya wo kwinyagamburiramo, umwuka mwiza, isuku, ahantu hakomeye kandi hari n’umuyaga. Ibipimo by’ikiraro Imbyeyi n’ibibwana byayo : m-2 10 Inyagazi : m-2 2,5 Imfizi : m-2 15 Ingurube zikonnye : m-2 2 Ikiraro gishobora kubakwa n’ibiti mu mwanya w’matafari ahiye hasi agakoresha beto ku bipimo bingana n’umufuka 1 w’isima ku mifuka 2 y’umucanga n’imifuka 3 y’amabuye mato mato. Ushyiramo ubuhaname kugira ngo amaganga ajye asohoka aho Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo bigomba kuba bikozwe mu giti gikomeye. Ibyiza ni ukubikora mu giti kiremereye ku buryo ingurube itagisunika ngo gihirime igihe cyose ishakiye. Ibyo bikorwa mu ishusho y’umuvure mutoya. == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ingurube]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] k6h61mn376lt38iug1xxbbhtyepr14t 14 11283 84358 2022-05-19T15:04:46Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ingurube" wikitext text/x-wiki Ingurube mebd7jybh3idpqmwxchtkvj1mb98rf9 0 11284 84363 2022-05-19T15:41:22Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Pig ingurube.gif|thumb|Ingurube]] [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube|Ubworozi bw'ingurube]] bugomba kugendana nimibereho yazo yaburimunsi ni ukuvuga ibyo zirya nibyo zinywa. == [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]</ref> == == Imirire y’ingurube == Ubwatsi bugaburirwa ingurube bugomba kuba bworoshye, bukiri butoto; indyo igomba kuba ifite intungamubiri zose za ngombwa ingurube ikenera. Indyo igomba kuba iseye cyangwa ikasemo uduce duto duto kuko amenyo..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pig ingurube.gif|thumb|Ingurube]] [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube|Ubworozi bw'ingurube]] bugomba kugendana nimibereho yazo yaburimunsi ni ukuvuga ibyo zirya nibyo zinywa. == [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]</ref> == == Imirire y’ingurube == Ubwatsi bugaburirwa ingurube bugomba kuba bworoshye, bukiri butoto; indyo igomba kuba ifite intungamubiri zose za ngombwa ingurube ikenera. Indyo igomba kuba iseye cyangwa ikasemo uduce duto duto kuko amenyo y’ingurube aba atarakomera kugeza ku mezi atatu. Muri rusange, igifu cy’ingurube kiroroshye ntabwo gikomeye nk’icy’inka, ihene cyangwa intama. Iyo ndyo igomba kuba ikungahaye ku munyu wa fosifore na kalisiyumu, kugira ngo amagufa y’ingurube akomere. Amoko atandukanye y’ibiryo bigaburirwa ingurube === Ibiryo bisanzwe bigaburirwa ingurube ariko bidatuma zikura vuba === 1. Ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni: 2. Ubwatsi: amakoma cyangwa insina; birazikomerera ariko ingurube zirabyihanganira iyo zongerewe ibindi biryo. – Ibinyampeke: ibigorigori, tiribusakumu (tripsacum laxum), setariya, penisetumu (pennisetum), ariko bitangwa bikiri bitoto ni ukuvuga bitararaba. – Ibinyamisogwe: desimodiyumu (desmodium), Mukuna, sitilozantese (stylosantes), kaliyandara (caliandra), luzerine (luzerne), n’ibindi birakenerwa cyane kuko bitanga inyubakamubiri ( protéines) zituma ingurube zikura vuba. 3. Ibisigazwa byo mu nganda zitunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi: ibisigazwa by’ingano n’iby’ibigori, ariko kubera ko bikomera cyane, bikoreshwa inshuro nke, bivangwa mu biryo ku rugero rwa 1/3. === Ibiryo bifite intungamubiri zuzuye === Ibinyampeke: ibigori , umuceri…; * Ibinyamisogwe: amasaka, soya, ibishyimbo, amashaza…; * Ibinyabijumba: ibijumba, ibirayi, imyumbati, ibisheke…; * Ibisigazwa mu bihingwa: ibisigazwa by’ipamba, iby’ubunyobwa, melase (Mellasse)…; * Ifu y’inyama, y’amaraso, y’amagufa, y’amafi…; * Intungamubiri… Ibigize iyo ndyo muri rusange : * Ibitanga ingufu ni 70% * Ibyubaka umubiri 15% * Ibitanga vitamini n’ibikomeza amagufa ni 2%. Hashobora gukoreshwa ishwagara n’amagufa n’ibishishwa by’amagi bimaze gutwikwa kandi biseye, cyane ku bibwana. Iyo ifu y’amaraso n’amafi bibuze, hakoreshwa ibyatsi bikungahaye mu ntungamubiri. Ni yo mpamvu gutera uduti nka Kaliyandara (Calliandra calothyrsus), Sesibaniya (Sesbania), lesena (Leucaena leucocephala) mu murima bigira akamaro. Ibishishwa by’imyumbati, by’ibijumba bigomba guhabwa ingurube bitetse. Kuva ingurube igejeje ku biro 70 igipimo cy’ibiryo ntikigomba kurenza ibiro 2,4 kugira ngo idakomeza kwiyongera ibinure.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ingurube]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] omb0t2t06em7psmlzm23bzdpufzdvqu 0 11285 84364 2022-05-19T15:51:00Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Pig ingurube.gif|thumb|Ingurube]] Ubworozi bw'ingurube bujyana no kubungabunga ubuzima bwazo. == [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]</ref> == == [[Imirire y'ingurube]]<ref>[[Imirire y'ingurube]]</ref> == == Kubungabunga Ubuzima bw’ingurube == === '''Kurinda ayo matungo indwara.''' === – Ingurube zigomba kororerwa ahantu hasukuye; – Umworozi agomba kurwanya inzoka n’udukoko two ku mubiri; – Ingurube zigomba gusasirwa hakoreshejwe..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pig ingurube.gif|thumb|Ingurube]] Ubworozi bw'ingurube bujyana no kubungabunga ubuzima bwazo. == [[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw'Ingurube]]</ref> == == [[Imirire y'ingurube]]<ref>[[Imirire y'ingurube]]</ref> == == Kubungabunga Ubuzima bw’ingurube == === '''Kurinda ayo matungo indwara.''' === – Ingurube zigomba kororerwa ahantu hasukuye; – Umworozi agomba kurwanya inzoka n’udukoko two ku mubiri; – Ingurube zigomba gusasirwa hakoreshejwe ishinge cyangwa ibarizo. Aho iryama hagomba kuba hacuramye kugira ngo amaganga amanuke yoye kureka aho iryama. === '''Indwara zikunze kugaragara mu ngurube''' === ==== '''1. Udukoko ku ruhu''' ==== dutera ingurube kwishima cyane ku buryo yikuba cyangwa yishima cyane kugeza aho ikomerekeye. Iyo ndwara irandura cyane, igomba kuvurwa ikigaragara. Iyo ndwara iterwa n’udukoko twitwa «Psoroptes» cyangwa «Sarcoptes». Mu kuvura iyo ndwara, hakoreshwa cyane umuti witwa «Amitix» cyangwa «Ivermectine». ==== '''2. Inzoka z’imbere mu mubiri:''' ==== inzoka mbi ni asikarisi na teniya. Uburyo bwo kuzirwanya Asikarisi * Ahari isima, hagomba kozwa buri munsi; * Guha inyagazi imiti y’inzoka hasigaye iminsi 15 ngo ibwagure, kugira ngo itanduza ibibwana; * Koza ingurube mbere y’uko ibwagura; * Guha ibibwana imiti y’inzoka ibyumweru bibiri, hanyuma ukongera buri mezi abiri n’igice; * Kongera guha inyagazi imiti icukije. Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa ni «Albendasol», «Ivermectine», ni yo miti ivura inzoka nyinshi icya rimwe, ariko hari n’indi nka «Piperazine» (ivura asikarisi gusa), «Mebendazol» (ivura asikarisi, n’inzoka zitwa strongle). '''Kuri teniya''' Imiti ikoreshwa ni «Ivermectine», «Albendasol» na «Yomezan». ==== '''3. Rouget (soma ruje) :''' ==== Iyo ndwara iterwa na mikorobi, ishobora kwanduza umuntu n’ayandi matungo rimwe na rimwe. Ibimenyetso byayo ni ibi bikurikira: ingurube igira umuriro mwinshi, kugeza kuri dogere 42; iraryama ntiyongere kurya. Mu bice by’umubiri byoroha nk’amatwi, ku matako no ku nda, hazaho ibiziga by’amaraso, n’amabara atukura, ayo mabara asibangana gato iyo bayakanze n’urutoki. Ingurube iyo itavuwe ipfa nyuma y’iminsi 2-4. Iyo babaze ingurube yishwe n’iyo ndwara imbere mu nda hose haba hari utudomo dutukura . Mu mpeshyi, iyo ndwara igaragaza ibimenyetso by’umweru aho gutukura. Iyo ngurube ipfa nyuma y’amasaha 12-24. Ingurube n’iyo yaba ikize ishobora kurwara indwara y’umutima cyangwa igakomeza kubyimba amaguru. ==== '''Icyitonderwa:''' ==== iyo ndwara ntikunda gufata ibibwana, ifata ingurube zifite hagati y’amezi atatu n’imyaka ibiri. Uko umworozi abyifatamo: iyo indwara igaragaye, umworozi akoresha «Penicilline», akenshi iba ihagije. Imiti igizwe na Kalisiyumu na yo ni ngombwa kuko ifasha mu kongera gukomeza amagufa yahungabanyijwe n’indwara. Habaho kandi n’urukingo kuva ku mezi 2. Inyagazi buri gihe uko icukije igomba gukingirwa, imfizi ikingirwa buri mezi 6. Umworozi yirinda gukingira inyagazi zihaka. ==== '''4. Guhitwa kw’ibibwana by’ingurube''' ==== Uko guhitwa guterwa n’impamvu zikurikira : – Kurya nabi,Kororera habi, Mikorobi Uburyo bwo kurwanya impiswi : Umworozi agomba koza inyagazi no gutera imiti mu nzu mbere y’uko ibwagura kugira ngo ibibwana bidahura na mikorobi nyinshi. Guha inyagazi umuti w’inzoka kugira ngo itazanduza ibibwana byayo. Gutuganya akazu k’ibibwana gashyushye, aho byaba mu gihe cy’iminsi 15. Gutera ibibwana urushinge rwa «infero» ku munsi wa 15, «ferkobsang » ku munsi wa 15 kugira ngo babifashe gurwanya ibihe bibi igihe cy’icyumweru cya kabiri n’igihe cy’icuka. Kugaburira neza inyagazi kugira ngo ibibwana bibone amagurubegurube ahagije. Kudahubukira gucutsa ibibwana : – Gukura ingurube mu nzu ibibwana bikayisigaramo – Kudashyira ibibwana by’ingurube byinshi mu nzu imwe. == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ingurube]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] ggcdtsh9xb26j6w0ichfxo6zqcny8tz 0 11286 84365 2022-05-19T16:47:06Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Ubworozi bw'inkoko zitera amagi nibyo tugiye kurebera hamwe muburyo burambuye. [[Dosiye:Captureg.gif|thumb|Inkoko]] == [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]</ref> == == Ubworozi bw’Inkoko zitera amagi == === Aho ziba === Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n’umwuka bihagije. •       Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana : •       1m² ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30); •       1m²  ku bigw..." wikitext text/x-wiki Ubworozi bw'inkoko zitera amagi nibyo tugiye kurebera hamwe muburyo burambuye. [[Dosiye:Captureg.gif|thumb|Inkoko]] == [[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]<ref>[[Ubworozi bw’inkoko]]</ref> == == Ubworozi bw’Inkoko zitera amagi == === Aho ziba === Inkoko zigomba kuba ahantu zisanzuye kandi hari urumuri n’umwuka bihagije. •       Dore umwanya bateganya uko ugomba kuba ungana : •       1m² ku mishwi 20 (umunsi umwe kugeza ku minsi 30); •       1m²  ku bigwana 10 (ukwezi  kugeza  ku mezi 5); •      1m² ku nkokokazi5   zitera ; •       inkoko zigomba kugira urugo rwo gutemberamo ku zuba. Urwo rugo rugomba kuba ruzitiye kugira ngo zitajya hanze yarwo. === Kororoka === Inkokokazi itangira gutera imaze amezi 5,5 ivutse ; •       Irarira iminsi 21 ; •       Inkokokazi ishobora gutera idafite isake, ariko igatera  amahuri ; •       Isake imwe irahagije ku nkokokazi 10 kugira ngo zitere amagi atari amahuri; Inkokokazi imaze umwaka itera igomba kuvanwa mu bworozi. === Igaburo === * Kugira ngo inkoko zikure neza kandi zitange amagi menshi, zigomba kugaburirwa neza; * Ku bashoboye kubona imvange, dore uko bagomba kuyitanga     kuri buri nkoko, ku munsi: -    Icyumweru cya 1 ivutse: gr 15 -    Icyumweru cya 8: gr 50 -    Icyumweru cya 20: gr 100 -    Icyumweru cya 22: gr 120 -    Inkoko itera: gr 130 === Umusaruro === •    Inkoko yo mu bwoko bwa RIR (Rhode Island Red) ishobora gutera ku mwaka amagi 220 iyo yafashwe neza. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro w’amagi wa 60% ; •    Inkoko yo mu bwoko Derco, iyo ifashwe neza ishobora gutera amagi 250 ku mwaka. Ni ukuvuga umusaruro wa 69% ku mwaka    ; •    Hari ubundi bwoko bushobora gutera amagi 300 ku mwaka, aha twavuga nka Warren ; •    Inkoko isanzwe ya kinyarwanda ishobora gutera amagi 60 kugeza kuri 90 ku mwaka. Mu bwoko bwa kinyarwanda, hagenda habamo zimwe ziba nziza kuruta izindi. NB: Izi ngero zishobora guhinduka cyane bitewe n’akarere inkoko zirimo ndetse n’ubwoko bw’inkoko IBIRYO BIKENEWE KU NKOKO Z’INYAMA. == '''Ibyiciro by’inkoko zitera amajyi''' == * '''Imishwi y’inko z’amagi''' igomba gushyirwa ahantu hashyushye (ushobora gukoresha imbabura, cyangwa se amashanyarazi).  Ubushyuhe bukenewe ku nkoko z’inyama ni nabwo bukenewe ku nkoko z’amagi. * '''Ibigwana by’inkoko z’amagi''' Ni ukuva ku cyumweru cya cyenda kugeza ku cyumweru cya 20. Ni muri kiriya gihe inkoko zigomba gukurikiranwa, hagakorwa inking zose zabugenewe, isuku ikitabwaho ibiryo n’amazi nabyo bikaba bihagije.   == Inkoko zitangiye gutera amagi. == •    Kuva ku cyumweru cya 20 kugeza inkoko zishaje (hafi ku byumweru 80),       •    Mbere y’ibyumweru 2 ngo inkoko  zitangire gutera, umworozi agomba gushyiramo udusanduka inkoko zizatereramo kugirango zizatangire gutera zaratumenyereye. •    Iyo inkoko zatangiye gutera amagi  , umworozi agomba kunyura mu nzu y’inkoko nibura incuro enye; mu gitondo mu masaa tatu; saa tanu; saa munani, no ku mugoroba mu ma saa kumi n’imwe, kugirango akuremo amagi inkoko zimaze gutera. •    Gukuramo amagi inshuro nyinshi bituma zitayamena. Icyitonderwa: Iyi nyandiko tuyikesha Igitabo Agenda y'Umuhinzi cya 2018 cyateguwe na Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=4259</ref><ref>http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/rabbit/animal_health_rabbit</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Inkoko]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] lpg58qi38t5u0i55ir1asjv4iq2xii4 14 11287 84366 2022-05-19T16:47:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Inkoko" wikitext text/x-wiki Inkoko 8wqqs0k3qkrq6w60qmdk79owgsoiz94 0 11288 84367 2022-05-19T17:29:41Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "Uko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa n'ingano yayo ishyirwa kuri buri bwoko bw'ibihingwa n'igihe ishyirwaho. == [[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA]]<ref>[[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA]]</ref> == == Ifumbire mvaruganda == retse ifumbire y’imborera , ibihingwa bikenera n’imyunyu ituruka mu ifumbire ikorerwa mu nganda, kuko iyo mu mborera iba idahagije, ikunganirwa niyo yindi. Ifumbire mvaruganda ni ifumbire ikorerwa mu ruganda, imeze nk’ifu cyangwa utubumbe; ikaba igizwe n’umunyu ntunga..." wikitext text/x-wiki Uko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa n'ingano yayo ishyirwa kuri buri bwoko bw'ibihingwa n'igihe ishyirwaho. == [[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA]]<ref>[[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA]]</ref> == == Ifumbire mvaruganda == retse ifumbire y’imborera , ibihingwa bikenera n’imyunyu ituruka mu ifumbire ikorerwa mu nganda, kuko iyo mu mborera iba idahagije, ikunganirwa niyo yindi. Ifumbire mvaruganda ni ifumbire ikorerwa mu ruganda, imeze nk’ifu cyangwa utubumbe; ikaba igizwe n’umunyu ntunga bihingwa umwe, ibiri, itatu cyangwa irengaho . iyo fumbire ifite ibyo irusha isanzwe y’imborera nko kurekura vuba imyunyu ntunga bihingwa y’ingenzi, cyane N, P, na K (kandi ku bwinshi) ituma ibihingwa bikura neza. Naho Travertin (CaO) (ibifonyo/igifonyi) cyangwa ishwagara (Ca(OH)2) bigabanya ubusharire mu butaka, bityo ifumbire yose ushyizemo igashobora kugirira akamaro igihingwa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_fertilizer</ref> == Amoko y’ifumbire mvaruganda == Amoko y’ifumbire mvaruganda aboneka ku masoko aratandukanye hakurikijwe imyunyu aha ubutaka: -Agizwe n’umunyu umwe: Ire, TSP, KCl, K2SO4, MgSO4... -Ifite imyunyu ibiri : DAP -Arimo imyunyu itatu: NPK... -N’ay’imyunyu irenze itatu: NPK+MgO...S, Mn Hakurikijwe iyi myunyu, amafumbire mvaruganda ari ubwoko bwinshi, ariko ay’ingenzi akunze gukoreshwa mu Rwanda ni atatu akurikira: NPK 17-17-17; NPK 22-06-12+S; NPK 20-10-10; NPK 25-05-05), DAP na Ire; hakiyongeraho Ishwagara/Travertine. == Uko ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa == * Ku binyampeke: mu itera cyangwa imyaka imaze kumera, bashyira 2,5kg za NPK17.17.17 cyangwa 1kg ya DAP kuri ari 1; mu ibagara bakongeramo 0,5 kg za Ire kuri ari 1. Iyo fumbire * Ishyirwa mu duferege baca iruhande rw’umurongo uterwamo imbuto y’ibigori, ingano, amasaka..., noneho bagakurikizaho agataka n’imbuto. Ku muceri, baramisha, nyuma bakavanga n’itaka ritarimo amazi (ryumukijwe). * Ku binyamisogwe: mu itera cyangwa imyaka imaze kumera, bashyira 1kg ya DAP cyangwa 2kg za NPK17.17.17 kuri ari1. Ifumbire ishyirwa mu karongo bateramo imbuto y’ibishyimbo, soya..., bagakurikizaho agataka n’imbuto. * Ku binyabijumba: bashyira 3kg za NPK 17.17.17 kuri ari 1. Ku birayi, mu itera, iyo fumbire mvaruganda ishyirwa mu kobo bateramo imbuto, bagakurikizaho agataka n’ikirayi. Ku bijumba, mu itera cyangwa ingeri z’imigozi zitangiye gushibuka, ifumbire ishyirwa mu duferege baca iruhande rw’imirongo y’imigozi. * Ku nsina: bashyira 125g za NPK 17.17.17 ku nsina imwe: ½ mu itera, ikindi gice gisigaye nyuma y’amezi 3). Ifumbire ishyirwa mu ruziga ruzengurutse insina. * Ku mboga: zimaze gufata neza, bashyiramo 4kg kuri ari 1. Iyo fumbire igashyirwa mu gaferege kazengurutse urugemwe rw’imboga. * Ku kawa: bashyiramo 200g za NPK 22.06.12+S mu bihe bibiri (1/2 m’Ugushyingo na 1/2Werurwe). Iyo fumbire bayizengurutsa igiti cy’ikawa. * Ku cyayi: bashyiramo 60g za NPK 25.05.05 kuri buri rugemwe cyangwa igiti; ishyirwa mu kaziga kazengurutse igiti cyangwa urugemwe. * Mu butaka busharira (hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubutaka bwose bw’igihugu ), ku bihingwa byose, ni byiza kubanza gushyiramo 2,5T z’ishwagara Ca(OH)2 kuri HA; ikamaramo ibihembwe bine by’ihinga; cyangwa 3T za Travertine, ikamaramo imyaka itandatu (gukosora ubusharire bw’ubutaka). Travertine cyangwa Ishwagara bishyirwa mu murima hasigaye ibyumweru bibiri ngo batere imbuto; kandi ikwirakwizwa mu murima wose. Travertine ikagira akarusho ko kuba ihendutse (12-15F ku kilo ku ruganda, ishwagara ikagura 58-63F ku kilo) kandi ikamara igihe kirekire mu murima ugereranyije n’ishwagara. * Umusaruro uboneka iyo hakoreshejwe ifumbire mvaruganda (ibihingwa by’ingenzi) {| class="wikitable" |+ !Igihigwa !Umusaruro kuri Ha 1 itarimo ifumbire mvaruganda !Umusaruro kuri Ha 1 hatarimo ifumbire mvaruganda |- |Ibirayi |8-12 T |15-25-35 T |- |Ibigori |1-1,8 T |3-4-6-8 T |- |Umuceri |2,5 T- 3 T |4-6-9 T |- |I b i s h y i m b o bishingirirwa |0,8-1,5 T |2,5-3-3,5 T |- |Insina y’urutoki |13kg ku gitoki |35kg - 50kg - 120kg ku gitoki |- |Ingano |0,5-1,2 T |2-2,5-3,5 T |- |Imyumbati |15-20 T |40-50 T |} Nk’uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe iri hejuru, ifumbire mvaruganda ituma umusaruro wiyongera cyane, ku buryo ushobora kwikuba inshuro nyinshi (2,3,4,5...) hakoreshejwe (ikoranabuhanga) imbuto z’indobanure, kandi mu butaka burwanyijeho isuri. Ibyo aribyo byose ifumbire mvaruganda iriyishyura kandi igasagurira umuhinzi inyungu igaragara.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=251</ref><ref>https://www.minagri.gov.rw/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ifumbire]] o04er8zhlyleyuhm5gbktz2euoizgay 14 11289 84368 2022-05-19T17:31:17Z Nkurudeo 10766 category created wikitext text/x-wiki ifumbire apvg8uougwz2clm2k0py2jjqah821y1 0 11290 84369 2022-05-19T18:28:35Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:Intoryi.gif|thumb|Intoryi]] Intoryi ni Imboga nziza ariko zigira indwara n'ibyonnyi bitandukanye. == INDRWA Z'INTORYI == === 1.ANTARAKINOZE (anthracnose) === UKO IKWIRAKWIRA Imbuto zirwaye, ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, Umuyaga, imvura n’amazi yo kuvomerera  bikwirakwiza iyo ndwara. UKO BAYIRWANYA •    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima •    Kwirinda gutera ibinyamisogwe mu murima wagaragayemo ubwo burwayi mu gihe kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri •..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Intoryi.gif|thumb|Intoryi]] Intoryi ni Imboga nziza ariko zigira indwara n'ibyonnyi bitandukanye. == INDRWA Z'INTORYI == === 1.ANTARAKINOZE (anthracnose) === UKO IKWIRAKWIRA Imbuto zirwaye, ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa, Umuyaga, imvura n’amazi yo kuvomerera  bikwirakwiza iyo ndwara. UKO BAYIRWANYA •    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima •    Kwirinda gutera ibinyamisogwe mu murima wagaragayemo ubwo burwayi mu gihe kitari munsi y’imyaka ibiri •    Gutera imbuto z’indobanure •    Gukoresha imiti nka bénomyl yica utwo duhumyo ku mbuto mbere yo kuzitera •     Kutagenda mu murima harimo ubukonje cyangwa urume •    Gukura  ibisigazwa by’ibiti by’intoryi mu murima no gutwika ibyarwaye. === 2.KIRABIRANYA(Bacterial wilt) === UKO BAYIRWANYA •    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 7 bigabanya iyo ndwara •    Kugabanya ubusharire bwo mu butaka hakoreshejwe ishwagara •    Gutera umuti nka peracetic acid cyangwa hydrogen peroxide. •    Gukoresha imbuto yihanganira iyo indwara •    Kurwanya amashanya (nématodes) •    Gukoresha ibikoresho bisukuye mu gihe cyo guhinga no gusarura === 3. UDUHUNDUGURU/ INDA  (Aphids) === UKO BAZIRWANYA •    Gutera ubwoko bw’intoryi bwihanganira inda •    Kudakoresha ifumbire irimo Azote nyinshi •    Kudahohotera udusimba turya inda nk’udusurira, amavubi •    Gukoresha imiti nka supérmethrine, bifenthrine, pyrimicarbe, Pyréthrine  yica inda •    Gushyiraho imitego y’inda hakoreshejwe ubujeni n’ibitambaro by’umuhondo (ibara rikurura inda) •    Kuvomereza amazi afite ingufu atuma inda zihunguka.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=200</ref> === 4. ISAZI Y’UMWERU (Whitefly) === UKO BAYIRWANYA •    Gusimburanya imyaka mu murima. •    Kuvanaho ibihuru n’ibisigazwa by’ibihingwa bishobora gucumbikira iyo sazi. •    Kumanika imitego y’umuhondo irimo kole yo kuzifata. •    Gukoresha udusimba nka Macrolophus caliginosus, Encarsia na Eretmocerus n’uduhumyo nka  Beauveria and Bacillus genera n’amavubi •    Gutera imiti nka midachloprid, Methomyl, Thiametoxam, igaterwa igihe cyo kurabya kw’intoryi. === 5. INGONOKERA (Fruit worm) === UKO BAZIRWANYA •    Guterera igihe •    Gutema ibyatsi byimeza bishobora kuba indiri y’ingonokera •    Gukoresha imitego igabanya umubare ibinyugunyugu by’izo ngonokera. •    Gusimburanya ibihingwa mu murima hirindwa gukurikiranya ibihingwa  iyo ngonokera ikunda gufata nk’inyanya, urusenda. •    Gutera  ubwoko bwihanganira iyo ngonokera === 6.    TIRIPUSI (Thrips) === UKO BAZIRWANYA •    Kubagara umurima hakurwamo ibyatsi bibi. •    Ubutaka bugomba guhingwa nyuma yo gusarura. •    Kwica ibishorobwa na tiripusi biri mu butaka no ku mababi. •    Gutera kare  no gusiga intera ihagije hagati y’ibihingwa. •    Gukoresha amoko y’intoryi yihanganira tiripusi. •    Gukoresha imiti nka Malathion. •    Gukoresha umuti ukomoka ku biti bya neem, ibireti,urusenda === 7. IMUNGU Y’URUTI N’IMBUTO BY’INTORYI (Shoot and fruit borer) === UKO BAYIRWANYA •    Gukoresha ingemwe nziza zidafite iyo mungu •    Gusimburanya ibihingwa  mu murima •    Gutera imiti nka Sumicidin, Lannate, Sevin iragerageza kurwanya iyo mungu •    Kuvanaho no gutwika amashami yumye, ibiti bishaje n’ingemye zafashwe n’imungu.<ref>https://www.naeb.gov.rw/index.php?id=1</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Imboga]] h0knwg3c2z5w1372a95dxa4u8djpqu0 0 11291 84370 2022-05-19T19:45:45Z Nkurudeo 10766 Created page with "[[Dosiye:La vachee.jpg|thumb|Gahunda ya giranka munyarwanda.]] '''Perezida [[Paul Kagame]]''' watangije gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda mu mwaka wa 2002, aramutse asuye abapfakazi n’abandi batari bishoboye bo mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]] bahawe [[inka]], bamwereka ingengo y’imari irenga miliyari zirindwi bakoresha buri mwaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/girinka-yatumye-abari-abatishoboye-b-i-gicumbi-bashora-imari-y-areng..." wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:La vachee.jpg|thumb|Gahunda ya giranka munyarwanda.]] '''Perezida [[Paul Kagame]]''' watangije gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda mu mwaka wa 2002, aramutse asuye abapfakazi n’abandi batari bishoboye bo mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Karere ka Gicumbi]] bahawe [[inka]], bamwereka ingengo y’imari irenga miliyari zirindwi bakoresha buri mwaka.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/girinka-yatumye-abari-abatishoboye-b-i-gicumbi-bashora-imari-y-arenga-miliyari-zirindwi</ref> == Aborozi bo mu karere ka gicumbi == Aborozi bo mu [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|karere ka GIcumbi]] Bakimara guhabwa inka bahise bashinga Koperative Ihuza Aborozi ba Kijyambere Bafatanyije (IAKIB), ikaba yaratangiye ikusanya umukamo w’inka z’abanyamuryango 300 bari bishyize hamwe. Umuyobozi wa IAKIB Yagize ati “Koperative yacu yavutse kubera gahunda ya Girinka muri 2002, twatangiye turi abanyamuryango 300 ariko ubu tugeze kuri 4,004, dukusanya amata angana na litiro 34,000 ku munsi ava mu borozi barenga 10,000”.<ref>https://www.yumpu.com/xx/document/view/10166688/raporo-kubushakashatsi-bwakozwe-kuri-gahunda-ya-girinka</ref> == Aho bavemura amata == Amata bakusanyije bayagurisha ku ruganda Inyange na Blessed (ruri i Gatuna), asigaye bakayakoramo amavuta y’inka yo kurya no kwisiga, ikivuguto ndetse n’ikinyobwa cyitwa yawurute (Yoghurt).<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/girinka-yatumye-abari-abatishoboye-b-i-gicumbi-bashora-imari-y-arenga-miliyari-zirindwi</ref> == Mu Rwanda hose == Umwaka wa 2018 wasize imiryango 341,065 ikennye imaze korozwa inka muri gahunda ya Girinka igamije kuvana abaturage mu bukene n’imirire mibi. Izi nka zimaze gutangwa zingana na 97.4 % by’inka ibihumbi 350 Leta yari yiyemeje guha imiryango ikennye mu gihugu hose. Gahunda ya Girinka yatangijwe na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] wa [[Repubulika y'u Rwanda|Repubulika]] mu 2006, nyuma yo kubona ko hari umubare munini w’abana bafite imirire mibi ndetse n’imiryango myinshi iri mu bukene. Umuryango uhabwa [[inka]], yabyara inyana igahabwa undi ukennye.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imiryango-ibihumbi-340-imaze-korozwa-muri-gahunda-ya-girinka</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Inka]] [[Ikiciro:Girinka mu Nyarwnda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] goa42y95yjskgtjz9c5927fc6c5ui5p 14 11292 84371 2022-05-19T19:46:34Z Nkurudeo 10766 category created wikitext text/x-wiki Girinka Munyarwanda 7390rpkwaqea85v2xknfqqxwsxwhdw3 828 11293 84373 2022-05-19T22:17:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Sidebar/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* TODO: Invert width design to be "mobile first" */ .sidebar { /* TODO: Ask if we should have max-width 22em instead */ width: 22em; /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.2em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; /* Timeless has display: none on .nomobile at mobile resolutions, so we * unhide it with display: table and let precedence and proximity win. */ display: table; } /* Unfortunately, so does Minerva desktop, except Minerva drops an * !important on the declaration. So we have to be mean for Minerva users. * Mobile removes the element entirely with `wgMFRemovableClasses` in * https://github.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/blob/master/ wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#L16992 * which is why displaying it categorically with display: table works. * We don't really want to expose the generic user in the wild on mobile to have * to deal with sidebars. (Maybe the ones with collapsible lists, so that * might be an improvement. That is blocked on [[:phab:T111565]].) */ body.skin-minerva .sidebar { display: table !important; /* also, minerva is way too aggressive about other stylings on tables. * TODO remove when this template gets moved to a div. plans on talk page. * We always float right on Minerva because that's a lot of extra CSS * otherwise. */ float: right !important; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em !important; } .sidebar-subgroup { width: 100%; margin: 0; border-spacing: 0; } .sidebar-left { /* @noflip */ float: left; /* @noflip */ clear: left; /* @noflip */ margin: 0.5em 1em 1em 0; } .sidebar-none { float: none; clear: both; /* @noflip */ margin: 0.5em 1em 1em 0; } .sidebar-outer-title { padding: 0 0.4em 0.2em; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar-top-image { padding: 0.4em; } .sidebar-top-caption, .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image, .sidebar-caption { padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0; line-height: 1.2em; } .sidebar-pretitle { padding: 0.4em 0.4em 0; line-height: 1.2em; } .sidebar-title, .sidebar-title-with-pretitle { padding: 0.2em 0.8em; font-size: 145%; line-height: 1.2em; } .sidebar-title-with-pretitle { padding: 0.1em 0.4em; } .sidebar-image { padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.4em; } .sidebar-heading { padding: 0.1em 0.4em; } .sidebar-content { padding: 0 0.5em 0.4em; } .sidebar-content-with-subgroup { padding: 0.1em 0.4em 0.2em; } .sidebar-above, .sidebar-below { padding: 0.3em 0.8em; font-weight: bold; } .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above, .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below { border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; } .sidebar-navbar { text-align: right; font-size: 115%; padding: 0 0.4em 0.4em; } .sidebar-list-title { padding: 0 0.4em; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.6em; font-size: 105%; } /* centered text with mw-collapsible headers is finicky */ .sidebar-list-title-c { padding: 0 0.4em; text-align: center; margin: 0 3.3em; } @media (max-width: 720px) { /* users have wide latitude to set arbitrary width and margin :( "Super-specific" selector to prevent overriding this appearance by lower level sidebars too */ body.mediawiki .sidebar { width: 100% !important; clear: both; float: none !important; /* Remove when we div based; Minerva is dumb */ margin-left: 0 !important; margin-right: 0 !important; } /* TODO: We might consider making all links wrap at small resolutions and then * only introduce nowrap at higher resolutions. Do when we invert the media * query. */ } en9f828813j59rhubpbkm63sj6kasx7 12 11294 84374 2022-05-19T22:17:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ubufasha:Infobox/user style wikitext text/x-wiki {{{heading| ==Infoboxes and user style == }}} Users can have [[WP:User style|user CSS]] that hides<!--, moves, or makes collapsible--> any infoboxes in their own browsers. To hide all infoboxes, add the following to [[Special:MyPage/common.css]] (for all [[WP:Skin|skins]], or [[Special:MyPage/skin.css]] for just the current skin), on a line by itself: <syntaxhighlight lang="css">div.mw-parser-output .infobox { display: none; }</syntaxhighlight> Alternatively, you can add the following code to [[Special:MyPage/common.js|your common.js]] or into a browser user script that is executed by an extension like [[Greasemonkey]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="js">$('.infobox').hide();</syntaxhighlight> Be aware that although{{#if:{{{guideline|}}}||, per [[WP:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]],}} all information in an infobox ideally should also be found in the main body of an article, there isn't perfect compliance with this guideline. For example, the full taxonomic hierarchy in {{tlx|Taxobox}}, and the OMIM and other medical database codes of {{tlx|Infobox disease}} are often not found in the main article content. The infobox is also often the location of the most significant, even only, image in an article.<!-- Needs Special:Mypage/common.js options for: * Making infoboxes collapsible ** Making them auto-collapsed * Moving infoboxes to bottom of page --><noinclude> {{Documentation|content= This documentation snippet is transcluded at [[Help:Infobox]], [[Template:Infobox/doc]], [[WP:Customisation#Hiding specific messages]], [[Help:User style]], [[WP:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]], and other places where this information is relevant. As a template, this snippet takes a {{para|heading}} parameter to replace the level-2 <code>==Infoboxes and user style==</code> section heading code, as needed. E.g., for a <code>=== ... ===</code> level-3 heading: <code><nowiki>heading={{=}}{{=}}{{=}}Infoboxes and user style{{=}}{{=}}{{=}}</nowiki></code> }} </noinclude> ct0bhlc0w6ny9d9yezjyh58103cjn9l 10 11295 84375 2022-05-19T22:18:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nobold wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/><span class="nobold">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> iaf63qvx3m2zxytvj4dw3wwalq5wusd 10 11296 84376 2022-05-19T22:18:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nobold/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{documentation subpage}}</noinclude> {{COinS safe|n}} {{High-risk|155,000+}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Nobold/styles.css}} : <code><nowiki>{{nobold|</nowiki>''text-string''}}</code> To display text (''text-string'') at normal font-weight within a context where the default font-weight is '''bold''', e.g. header cells in tables. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Input text", "description": "Text to present not bolded", "type": "string", "required": true } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==See also== * [[Template:Noitalic]] * [[Template:Nocaps]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories--> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 736qudqmlzm46ogph31ndny79f3rut9 10 11297 84377 2022-05-19T22:19:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Noitalic wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Noitalic/styles.css"/><span class="noitalic">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> lclwz1qd1o16vdiqvjo7z9z7skoc3vh 10 11298 84378 2022-05-19T22:20:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Noitalic/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{High-use|5,000}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{shortcut|template:ni}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Noitalic/styles.css}} This template (the opposite of {{tlx|yesitalic}}) forcibly de-italicizes the input, regardless of any surrounding italics markup. This template is generally intended for use inside other templates, not in running text in an article. ==Usage== * {{tlx|noitalic|{{var|text-string}}}} To display text ({{var|text-string}}) in normal ("roman") font style within a context where the default font style is ''italic'', e.g. header cells in certain infoboxes. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Input text", "required": true } } } </templatedata> ==See also== * [[Template:Yesitalic]] * [[Template:Nobold]] * [[Template:Nocaps]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories--> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 0h5kafmy9limukyjdka2dfn90heuvzt 10 11299 84379 2022-05-19T22:20:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nobold/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* Styling for Template:Nobold */ .nobold { font-weight: normal; } fenpgkszzubv5v79v09z2871g8mgdmr 10 11300 84380 2022-05-19T22:21:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Noitalic/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* Styling for Template:Noitalic */ .noitalic { font-style: normal; } bbnshmg9l938jy18sodvwywo4m4ic40 10 11301 84381 2022-05-19T22:43:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Infobox igihugu wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox |templatestyles = Template:Infobox igihugu/styles.css | bodyclass = ib-country vcard | aboveclass = adr | above = {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}} | {{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}} |<div class="fn org country-name">{{{conventional_long_name|}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{native_name|}}}{{{name|}}} |<div class="ib-country-names"><!-- -->{{br separated entries |{{{native_name|}}} |{{#if:{{{name|}}} |<div class="ib-country-name-style fn org country-name">{{{name|}}}</div> }}}}</div> }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes |<span class="fn org">[[Micronation]]</span> }} }} | subheader = {{#if:{{{life_span|}}} | {{{life_span}}} | {{#if:{{{year_start|}}}|{{{year_start}}}{{#if:{{{year_end}}}|–{{{year_end}}} }} }} }} | image1 = {{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}{{{image_symbol|}}}{{{image_flag|}}}{{{image_flag2|}}} |{{infobox igihugu/imagetable |image1a = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{{image_flag|}}}|sizedefault=125px|size={{{flag_width|{{{flag_size|}}}}}}|maxsize=250|border={{yesno |{{{flag_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{alt_flag|{{{flag_alt|}}}}}}|title=Flag of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}}} |image1b = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{{image_flag2|}}}|sizedefault=125px|size={{{flag_width|}}}|maxsize=250|border={{yesno |{{{flag2_border|}}}|yes=yes|blank=yes}}|alt={{{alt_flag2|{{{flag_alt2|}}}}}}}} |caption1= {{#ifexist:{{if empty |{{{flag_type_article|}}} |{{{flag|}}} | {{if empty |{{{flag_type|}}} |Flag}} of {{if empty |{{{linking_name|}}} |{{{common_name|}}} |{{{name|}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} }} |[[{{if empty |{{{flag_type_article|}}} |{{{flag|}}} |{{if empty |{{{flag_type|}}} |Flag}} of {{if empty |{{{linking_name|}}} |{{{common_name|}}} |{{{name|}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} }}|{{if empty |{{{flag_caption|}}} |{{{flag_type|}}} |Flag}}]] |{{if empty |{{{flag_caption|}}} |{{{flag_type|}}} |Flag}} }} |image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|suppressplaceholder={{main other||no}}|image={{if empty|{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{image_symbol|}}}}} |size={{{symbol_width|{{{coa_size|}}}}}}|sizedefault=85px|alt={{#if:{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{alt_coat|{{{coat_alt|}}}}}}|{{{alt_symbol|}}}}}|title={{{symbol_type|Coat of arms}}} of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}}} |caption2= {{#ifexist:{{if empty |{{{symbol_type_article|}}} |{{{symbol|}}} |{{if empty |{{{symbol_type|}}} |Coat of arms}} of {{if empty |{{{linking_name|}}} |{{{common_name|}}} |{{{name|}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} }} |[[{{if empty |{{{symbol_type_article|}}} |{{{symbol|}}} |{{if empty |{{{symbol_type|}}} |Coat of arms}} of {{if empty |{{{linking_name|}}} |{{{common_name|}}} |{{{name|}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} }} | {{if empty |{{{symbol_type|}}} |Coat of arms}}]] |{{if empty |{{{symbol_type|}}} |Coat of arms}} }} }} }} | data1 = {{#if:{{{national_motto|}}}{{{motto|}}} |'''Motto:&nbsp;'''{{if empty|{{{motto|}}}|{{{national_motto|}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{englishmotto|}}}|<div>{{{englishmotto}}}</div> }} }} | class2 = anthem | data2 = {{#if:{{{national_anthem|}}}{{{anthem|}}} |'''Anthem:'''&nbsp;{{if empty|{{{national_anthem|}}}|{{{anthem|}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{anthems|}}} |'''Anthems:'''&nbsp;{{{anthems}}} }}{{#if:{{{royal_anthem|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''[[Royal anthem]]:'''&nbsp;{{{royal_anthem}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{flag_anthem|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''[[Flag anthem]]:'''&nbsp;{{{flag_anthem}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{national_march|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''National march:'''&nbsp;{{{national_march}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{territorial_anthem|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''Territorial anthem:'''&nbsp;{{{territorial_anthem}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{regional_anthem|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''Regional anthem:'''&nbsp;{{{regional_anthem}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{state_anthem|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''State anthem:'''&nbsp;{{{state_anthem}}}</div> }}{{#if:{{{march|}}} | <div class="ib-country-anthem">'''March:'''&nbsp;{{{march}}}</div> }} | data3 = {{#if:{{{other_symbol|}}}{{{text_symbol|}}} |{{#if:{{{other_symbol_type|}}}{{{text_symbol_type|}}} | '''{{if empty|{{{other_symbol_type|}}}|{{{text_symbol_type|}}}}}'''<br/>}}<!-- -->{{if empty|{{{other_symbol|}}}|{{{text_symbol|}}}}} }} | data4 = {{#if:{{{image_map|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map|}}}|size={{{map_width|{{{image_map_size|}}}}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map|{{{image_map_alt|}}}}}}|title={{{map_caption|{{{image_map_caption|Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption|{{{image_map_caption|}}}}}}|<div class="ib-country-map-caption">{{{map_caption|{{{image_map_caption|}}}}}}</div>}} }} | data5 = {{#if:{{{image_map2|}}} |{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map2|}}}|size={{{map2_width|{{{image_map2_size|}}}}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map2|{{{image_map2_alt|}}}}}}|title={{{map_caption2|{{{image_map2_caption|Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption2|{{{image_map2_caption|}}}}}}|<div class="ib-country-map-caption">{{{map_caption2|{{{image_map2_caption|}}}}}}</div>}} }} | label6 = Status | data6 = {{#if:{{{status|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/status text|status={{{status|}}}|status_text={{{status_text|}}}|empire={{{empire|}}}|year_end={{{year_end|}}}|year_exile_start={{{year_exile_start|}}}|year_exile_end={{{year_exile_end|}}} }} }} | label7 = Location | data7 = {{{loctext|}}} | label8 = {{#if:{{{capital_type|}}} | {{{capital_type}}} | Capital }}{{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}|capital |capital<!-- -->|{{#switch:{{{capital}}} | [[{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}]] = capital | {{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}} = capital | not capital }}<!-- -->}}|capital <!-- (#ifeq:)-->|<!------------------------------------------ capital is largest_city/_settlement: ------------------------------------------- --><div class="ib-country-largest">and {{{largest_settlement_type|largest city}}}</div> }} | data8 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|{{{capital}}}{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|<br/>{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }} | rowclass9 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|mergedrow}} | label9 = Capital-in-exile | data9 = {{#ifexist:{{{capital_exile|}}}|[[{{{capital_exile|}}}]]|{{{capital_exile|}}}}} | rowclass10 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}|mergedrow}} | label10 = {{#if:{{{admin_center_type|}}}| {{{admin_center_type}}} | Administrative&nbsp;center }} | data10 = {{#switch:{{{admin_center|}}} |capital | = |[[{{{capital|}}}]] = |{{{capital|}}} = |#default = {{{admin_center}}}{{#if:{{{capital|}}}||{{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|<br/>{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:city}}}} }} }} | rowclass11 = {{#if:{{{capital|}}}{{{admin_center|}}}|mergedbottomrow}} | label11 = Largest {{{largest_settlement_type|city}}} | data11 = {{#ifeq: {{#ifeq:{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}|capital |capital<!-- -->|{{#switch:{{{capital}}} | [[{{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}}]] = capital | {{{largest_city|}}}{{{largest_settlement|}}} = capital | not capital }}<!-- -->}}|capital <!-- (#ifeq:)-->|<!-- nothing already appears above --> | {{if empty| {{{largest_city|}}} | {{{largest_settlement|}}} }} }} | rowclass12 = mergedtoprow | label12 = Official&nbsp;languages | data12 = {{{official_languages|}}} | rowclass13 = mergedrow | label13 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}}&nbsp;languages</span> | data13 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_languages|}}} }} | rowclass14 = mergedrow | label14 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} national&nbsp;languages</span> | data14 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_national_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_national_languages|}}} | {{{national_languages|}}} }} | rowclass15 = mergedrow | label15 = <span class="ib-country-lang">{{#if:{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}|Recognized|Recognised}} regional&nbsp;languages</span> | data15 = {{if empty| {{{recognized_regional_languages|}}} | {{{recognised_regional_languages|}}} | {{{regional_languages|}}} }} | label16 = Common&nbsp;languages | data16 = {{{common_languages|}}} | rowclass17 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedrow}} |{{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}} }} | label17 ={{#ifeq:{{{languages_sub|}}}|yes |<div class="ib-country-lang">{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }}</div> |{{if empty| {{{languages_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }} }} | data17 = {{{languages|}}} | rowclass18 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |mergedbottomrow}} | label18 = {{#ifeq:{{{languages2_sub|}}}|yes |<div class="ib-country-lang">{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }}</div> |{{if empty|{{{languages2_type|}}} | Other&nbsp;languages }} }} | data18 = {{{languages2|}}} | label19 = [[Ethnic group|Ethnic&nbsp;groups]] <!-- -->{{#if:{{{ethnic_groups_year|}}} |<div class="ib-country-ethnic"> ({{{ethnic_groups_year}}}){{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}</div>|<div class="ib-country-ethnic">{{{ethnic_groups_ref|}}}</div>}} | data19 = {{{ethnic_groups|}}} | label20 = Religion <!-- -->{{#if:{{{religion_year|}}} |<div class="ib-country-religion"> ({{{religion_year}}}){{{religion_ref|}}}</div>|<div class="ib-country-religion">{{{religion_ref|}}}</div>}} | data20 = {{{religion|}}} | label21 = [[Demonym|Demonym(s)]] | data21 = {{#if:{{{demonym|}}} |{{#ifexist:{{{demonym}}} people | [[{{{demonym}}} people|{{{demonym}}}]] | {{{demonym}}} }} }} | label22 = Type | data22 = {{{org_type|}}} | label23 = {{if empty|{{{membership_type|}}} | Membership }} | data23 = {{{membership|}}} | label24 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}} | {{#if:{{{politics_link|}}} | [[{{{politics_link}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]<!-- -->| {{#ifexist:Politics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} | [[Politics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}]]<!-- -->| {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Organizational structure|Government}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | data24 = {{{government_type|}}} | header25 = {{#if:{{{government_type|}}} || {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}}{{{leader_name1|}}} | {{#if:{{{name|}}}{{{membership|}}} | <!--template being used for geopolitical org:-->Leaders | <!--template being used for country/territory: -->Government }} }} }} | rowclass26 = mergedrow | data26 = {{#if:{{{leader_name1|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/multirow|{{{leader_title1|}}} |{{{leader_name1|}}} |{{{leader_title2|}}} |{{{leader_name2|}}} |{{{leader_title3|}}} |{{{leader_name3|}}} |{{{leader_title4|}}} |{{{leader_name4|}}} |{{{leader_title5|}}} |{{{leader_name5|}}} |{{{leader_title6|}}} |{{{leader_name6|}}} |{{{leader_title7|}}} |{{{leader_name7|}}} |{{{leader_title8|}}} |{{{leader_name8|}}} |{{{leader_title9|}}} |{{{leader_name9|}}} |{{{leader_title10|}}} |{{{leader_name10|}}} |{{{leader_title11|}}} |{{{leader_name11|}}} |{{{leader_title12|}}} |{{{leader_name12|}}} |{{{leader_title13|}}} |{{{leader_name13|}}} |{{{leader_title14|}}} |{{{leader_name14|}}} |{{{leader_title15|}}} |{{{leader_name15|}}} }} }} | rowclass27 = mergedrow | label27 = {{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}| {{{title_leader}}} }} | data27 = {{#if:{{{title_leader|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass28 = mergedrow | data28 = {{#if:{{{year_leader1|}}} | {{Infobox igihugu/multirow|{{{year_leader1|}}} |{{{leader1|}}} |{{{year_leader2|}}} |{{{leader2|}}} |{{{year_leader3|}}} |{{{leader3|}}} |{{{year_leader4|}}} |{{{leader4|}}} |{{{year_leader5|}}} |{{{leader5|}}} |{{{year_leader6|}}} |{{{leader6|}}} |{{{year_leader7|}}} |{{{leader7|}}} |{{{year_leader8|}}} |{{{leader8|}}} |{{{year_leader9|}}} |{{{leader9|}}} |{{{year_leader10|}}} |{{{leader10|}}} |{{{year_leader11|}}} |{{{leader11|}}}|{{{year_leader12|}}} |{{{leader12|}}}|{{{year_leader13|}}} |{{{leader13|}}}|{{{year_leader14|}}} |{{{leader14|}}}|{{{year_leader15|}}} |{{{leader15|}}} }} }} | rowclass29 = mergedrow | label29 = {{#if:{{{title_representative|}}}| {{{title_representative}}} }} | data29 = {{#if:{{{title_representative|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass30 = mergedrow | data30 = {{#if:{{{year_representative1|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/multirow|{{{year_representative1|}}} |{{{representative1|}}} |{{{year_representative2|}}} |{{{representative2|}}} |{{{year_representative3|}}} |{{{representative3|}}} |{{{year_representative4|}}} |{{{representative4|}}} |{{{year_representative5|}}} |{{{representative5|}}}|{{{year_representative6|}}} |{{{representative6|}}}|{{{year_representative7|}}} |{{{representative7|}}}|{{{year_representative8|}}} |{{{representative8|}}} }} }} | rowclass31 = mergedrow | label31 = {{#if:{{{title_deputy|}}}|{{{title_deputy}}} }} | data31 = {{#if:{{{title_deputy|}}}|&nbsp;}} | rowclass32 = mergedrow | data32 = {{#if:{{{year_deputy1|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/multirow|{{{year_deputy1|}}} |{{{deputy1|}}} |{{{year_deputy2|}}} |{{{deputy2|}}} |{{{year_deputy3|}}} |{{{deputy3|}}} |{{{year_deputy4|}}} |{{{deputy4|}}} |{{{year_deputy5|}}} |{{{deputy5|}}} |{{{year_deputy6|}}} |{{{deputy6|}}}|{{{year_deputy7|}}} |{{{deputy7|}}}|{{{year_deputy8|}}} |{{{deputy8|}}}|{{{year_deputy9|}}} |{{{deputy9|}}}|{{{year_deputy10|}}} |{{{deputy10|}}}|{{{year_deputy11|}}} |{{{deputy11|}}}|{{{year_deputy12|}}} |{{{deputy12|}}}|{{{year_deputy13|}}} |{{{deputy13|}}}|{{{year_deputy14|}}} |{{{deputy14|}}}|{{{year_deputy15|}}} |{{{deputy15|}}} }} }} | label40 = Legislature | data40 = {{{legislature|}}} | rowclass41 = mergedrow | label41 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{type_house1|}}}|{{{type_house1}}}|[[Upper house]]}}</div> | data41 = {{{upper_house|{{{house1|}}}}}} | rowclass42 = mergedbottomrow | label42 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{type_house2|}}}|{{{type_house2}}}|[[Lower house]]}}</div> | data42 = {{{lower_house|{{{house2|}}}}}} | rowclass43 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}} |mergedtoprow}} | header43 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}}{{{sovereignty_type|}}} |{{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}} | {{{sovereignty_type}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{sovereignty_note|}}} |&nbsp;<div class="ib-country-sovereignty">{{{sovereignty_note}}}</div>}} | {{#if:{{{established|}}}| | Establishment }} }} }} | label44 = Establishment | data44 = {{#if:{{{sovereignty_type|}}} | |{{{established|}}} }} | label45 = {{#if:{{{era|}}}|Historical era|History}} | data45 = {{#if:{{{era|}}} |{{#ifexist:{{{era|}}}|[[{{{era}}}]]|{{{era}}}}} | {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}}|&nbsp;}}}} | rowclass46 = {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | data46 = {{#if:{{{established_date1|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/multirow |{{{established_event1|}}} |{{{established_date1||}}} |{{{established_event2|}}} |{{{established_date2||}}} |{{{established_event3|}}} |{{{established_date3|}}} |{{{established_event4|}}} |{{{established_date4|}}} |{{{established_event5|}}} |{{{established_date5|}}} |{{{established_event6|}}} |{{{established_date6|}}} |{{{established_event7|}}} |{{{established_date7|}}} |{{{established_event8|}}} |{{{established_date8|}}} |{{{established_event9|}}} |{{{established_date9|}}} |{{{established_event10|}}} |{{{established_date10|}}} |{{{established_event11|}}} |{{{established_date11|}}} |{{{established_event12|}}} |{{{established_date12|}}} |{{{established_event13|}}} |{{{established_date13|}}} |{{{established_event14|}}} |{{{established_date14|}}} |{{{established_event15|}}} |{{{established_date15|}}} |{{{established_event16|}}} |{{{established_date16|}}} |{{{established_event17|}}} |{{{established_date17|}}} |{{{established_event18|}}} |{{{established_date18|}}} |{{{established_event19|}}} |{{{established_date19|}}} |{{{established_event20|}}} |{{{established_date20|}}} }} }} | rowclass47 = {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | data47 = {{#if:{{{date_start|}}}{{{year_start|}}}|{{Infobox igihugu/multirow |{{{event_pre|}}} |{{{date_pre|}}} |{{if empty|{{{event_start|}}}|Established}} |{{{date_start|}}} {{{year_start|}}} |{{{event1|}}} |{{{date_event1|}}} |{{{event2|}}} |{{{date_event2|}}} |{{{event3|}}} |{{{date_event3|}}} |{{{event4|}}} |{{{date_event4|}}} |{{{event5|}}} |{{{date_event5|}}} |{{{event6|}}} |{{{date_event6|}}}|{{{event7|}}} |{{{date_event7|}}}|{{{event8|}}} |{{{date_event8|}}}|{{{event9|}}} |{{{date_event9|}}}|{{{event10|}}} |{{{date_event10|}}} |{{if empty|{{{event_end|}}}|Disestablished}} |{{{date_end|}}} {{{year_end|}}} |{{{event_post|}}} |{{{date_post|}}} }} }} | rowclass60 = mergedtoprow | header60 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}}{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}} | {{#if:{{{area_link|}}} | [[{{{area_link}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]] | {{#ifexist:Geography of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} | [[Geography of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}]] | Area {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|claimed|}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }} | rowclass61 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}}{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label61 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{area_label|Total}}}{{{FR_foot4|}}}</div> | data61 = {{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_km2|}}}{{{area_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_ha|}}}{{{area_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_footnote|}}}{{#if:{{{area_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{area_rank}}}]]) }} }} | rowclass62 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}}{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label62 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Land</div> | data62 = {{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_land_km2|}}}{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_land_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_land_ha|}}}{{{area_land_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_land_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_land_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_land_footnote|}}} }} | rowclass63 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{percent_water|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label63 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Water</div> | data63 = {{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}} |{{#if:{{{area_water_km2|}}}{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_km2|}}}|km2|{{{area_water_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}} |{{#if:{{{area_water_ha|}}}{{{area_water_acre|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{area_water_ha|}}}|ha|{{{area_water_acre|}}}|acre|abbr=on}} }} }}{{{area_water_footnote|}}} }} | rowclass64 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label2|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label64 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Water&nbsp;(%)</div> | data64 = {{{percent_water|}}} | rowclass65 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{area_label3|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label65 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{area_label2|}}}</div> | data65 = {{#if:{{{area_label2|}}}| {{{area_data2|}}} }} | rowclass66 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area1|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label66 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{area_label3|}}}</div> | data66 = {{#if:{{{area_label3|}}}| {{{area_data3|}}} }} | rowclass67 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area2|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label67 = {{{stat_year1|}}}{{{ref_area1|}}} | data67 = {{#if: {{{stat_area1|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area1|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass68 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area3|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label68 = {{{stat_year2|}}}{{{ref_area2|}}} | data68 = {{#if: {{{stat_area2|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area2|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass69 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area4|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label69 = {{{stat_year3|}}}{{{ref_area3|}}} | data69 = {{#if: {{{stat_area3|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area3|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass70 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}{{{stat_area5|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label70 = {{{stat_year4|}}}{{{ref_area4|}}} | data70 = {{#if: {{{stat_area4|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area4|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass71 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}|mergedrow|mergedbottomrow}} | label71 = {{{stat_year5|}}}{{{ref_area5|}}} | data71 = {{#if: {{{stat_area5|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{stat_area5|}}}|km2||sqmi}} }} | rowclass72 = mergedrow | label72 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}</div> | data72 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}}| <nowiki /> }} | rowclass73 = mergedrow | label73 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li2">•&nbsp;[[Institut Géographique National|IGN]]{{{FR_foot2|}}}</div> | data73 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}} |{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}} |{{convinfobox|{{{FR_IGN_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_IGN_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_IGN_area_rank|}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass89 = mergedbottomrow | label89 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li2">•&nbsp;[[Cadastre]]{{{FR_foot3|}}}</div> | data89 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole|}}} |{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{FR_cadastre_area_km2|}}}|km2|{{{FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi|}}}|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{#if:{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by area|{{{FR_cadastre_area_rank|}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass90 = mergedtoprow | header90 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}{{{stat_pop1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}} |{{#if:{{{population_link|}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{population_link}}}|no|Population|[[{{{population_link}}}|Population]]}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexist:Demographics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} | [[Demographics of {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Population]]<!-- -->| Population<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} }} | rowclass91 = mergedrow | label91 = <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_estimate_year|}}} |{{{population_estimate_year}}} estimate|Estimate}}</div> | data91 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}} |{{{population_estimate}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_estimate_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass92 = mergedrow | label92= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{population_label2|}}}</div> | data92= {{#if:{{{population_label2|}}}|{{{population_data2|}}}}} | rowclass93= mergedrow | label93= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{population_label3|}}}</div> | data93= {{#if:{{{population_label3|}}}|{{{population_data3|}}}}} | rowclass94= mergedrow | data94= {{#if:{{{stat_pop1|}}}{{{stat_pop2|}}}{{{stat_pop3|}}}{{{stat_pop4|}}}{{{stat_pop5|}}}|{{infobox igihugu/multirow|{{{stat_year1|}}}{{{ref_pop1|}}} |{{{stat_pop1|}}}|{{{stat_year2|}}}{{{ref_pop2|}}} |{{{stat_pop2|}}}|{{{stat_year3|}}}{{{ref_pop3|}}} |{{{stat_pop3|}}}|{{{stat_year4|}}}{{{ref_pop4|}}} |{{{stat_pop4|}}}|{{{stat_year5|}}}{{{ref_pop5|}}} |{{{stat_pop5|}}} }} }} | rowclass95= mergedrow | label95= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{#if:{{{population_census_year|}}} |{{{population_census_year}}}&nbsp;census|Census}}</div> | data95= {{#if:{{{population_census|}}} |{{{population_census}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_census_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population|{{{population_census_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass96= mergedrow | label96 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|{{nobold|1=&nbsp;({{{FR_total_population_estimate_year}}})}}}}}} | data96 = {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_year|}}}|<nowiki />}}}} | rowclass97 = mergedrow | label97= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total{{{FR_foot|}}}</div> | data97= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate|}}} |{{{FR_total_population_estimate}}}{{#if:{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank|}}}|&#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_total_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} }} | rowclass98 = mergedrow | label98= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;{{{FR_metropole}}}</div> | data98= {{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|{{{FR_metropole_population}}}{{#if:{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by population in 2005|{{{FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass99 = mergedbottomrow | label99= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Density{{{FR_foot5|}}}</div> | data99= {{#if:{{{population_density_km2|}}}{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}} | {{convinfobox|{{{population_density_km2|}}}|/km2|{{{population_density_sq_mi|}}}|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}}{{{pop_den_footnote|}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{population_density_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries and dependencies by population density|{{{population_density_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass100 = {{#if:{{{population_estimate|}}}{{{population_census|}}}{{{FR_metropole_population|}}}|mergedbottomrow|mergedtoprow}} | label100 = Membership | data100= {{{nummembers|}}} | rowclass101= mergedtoprow | label101= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&nbsp;{{nobold|([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]])}} | data101= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}}{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}} |{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_year|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP_year}}}&nbsp;}}estimate }} | rowclass102= mergedrow | label102= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total</div> | data102= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass103= mergedbottomrow | label103= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Per capita</div> | data103= {{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita|}}} |{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass104= mergedtoprow | label104= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Claimed|}} [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]&nbsp;{{nobold|(nominal)}} | data104= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}}{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}} |{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_year|}}} |{{{GDP_nominal_year}}}&nbsp;}}estimate }} | rowclass105= mergedrow | label105= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Total</div> | data105= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal|}}} |{{{GDP_nominal}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|{{{GDP_nominal_rank}}}]])}} }} | rowclass106= mergedbottomrow | label106= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Per capita</div> | data106= {{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita|}}} | {{{GDP_nominal_per_capita}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank|}}} |&#32;([[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|{{{GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank}}}]])}} }} | label107= [[Gini_coefficient|Gini]]{{#if:{{{Gini_year|}}} |&nbsp;{{nobold|1=({{{Gini_year}}})}}}} | data107= {{#if:{{{Gini|}}} | {{#switch:{{{Gini_change|}}} |increase = {{increaseNegative}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|decrease = {{decreasePositive}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|steady = {{steady}}&nbsp;<!-- -->}}{{{Gini}}}{{{Gini_ref|}}}<br/><!-- ---------Evaluate and add Gini category:---------- -->{{nowrap|1=<!-- -->{{#iferror:<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>100 <!-- -->| {{error|Error: Gini value above 100}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=60 |{{color|red|very high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=46 <!-- -->| {{color|darkred|high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=30 <!-- -->| {{color|orange|medium}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{Gini}}}>=0 <!-- -->| {{color|forestgreen|low}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error:Gini value below 0}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: Invalid Gini value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -----------Add Gini_rank (if supplied):---------- -->{{#if:{{{Gini_rank|}}} |&nbsp;·&nbsp;[[List of countries by income equality|{{{Gini_rank}}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | label108= [[Human Development Index|HDI]]{{#if:{{{HDI_year|}}} |&nbsp;{{nobold|1=({{{HDI_year}}})}}}} | data108= {{#if:{{{HDI|}}} | {{#switch:{{{HDI_change|}}} |increase = {{increase}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|decrease = {{decrease}}&nbsp;<!-- -->|steady = {{steady}}&nbsp;<!-- -->}}{{{HDI}}}{{{HDI_ref|}}}<br/><!-- ---------Evaluate and add HDI category:--------- -->{{nowrap|1=<!-- -->{{#iferror:<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>1 <!-- -->| {{error|Error: HDI value greater than 1}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.799 <!-- -->| {{color|darkgreen|very high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.699 <!-- -->| {{color|forestgreen|high}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>0.549 <!-- -->| {{color|orange|medium}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr:{{{HDI}}}>=0.000<!-- -->| {{color|red|low}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: HDI value less than 0}}<!--Handled by outer #iferror, not visible to users--><!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->| {{error|Error: Invalid HDI value}}{{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]] }}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- ----------Add HDI_rank (if supplied):----------- -->{{#if:{{{HDI_rank|}}} |&nbsp;·&nbsp;[[List of countries by Human Development Index|{{{HDI_rank}}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}} | label109= {{#ifeq:{{{micronation|}}}|yes|Purported currency|Currency}} | data109= {{#if:{{{currency|}}} | {{{currency}}} {{#if:{{{currency_code|}}} |([[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]])}} }} | rowclass119= {{#if:{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedtoprow}} | label119= Time zone | data119= {{#if:{{{utc_offset|}}} |{{nowrap|[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}}}} {{#if:{{{time_zone|}}}|({{{time_zone}}})}} |{{{time_zone|}}} }} | rowclass120= {{#if:{{{DST_note|}}} |mergedrow |mergedbottomrow}} | label120= <div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]])</div> | data120= {{#if:{{{utc_offset_DST|}}} |{{nowrap|[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}}}} {{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}|({{{time_zone_DST}}})|{{#if:{{{DST|}}}|({{{DST}}})}}}} |{{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}|{{{time_zone_DST}}}|{{{DST|}}}}} }} | rowclass121= mergedbottomrow | label121= <nowiki /> | data121= {{{DST_note|}}} | label122 = [[Antipodes]] | data122= {{{antipodes|}}} | label123 = Date format | data123= {{{date_format|}}} | label125= [[Left- and right-hand traffic|Driving side]] | data125= {{#if:{{{drives_on|}}} | {{lcfirst:{{{drives_on}}}}} }} | label126= {{#if:{{{calling_code|}}} |{{#ifexist:Telephone numbers in {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}} | [[Telephone numbers in {{{linking_name|{{{common_name|{{{name|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}|Calling code]] | Calling code }} }} | data126= {{{calling_code|}}} | label127= [[ISO 3166|ISO 3166 code]] | data127= {{#switch:{{{iso3166code|}}} |omit = <!--(do nothing)--> | = <!--if iso3166code is not supplied: -->{{#if:{{{common_name|}}} | {{#if:{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}|nocat=true}} | [[ISO 3166-2:{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}}}|{{ISO 3166 code|{{{common_name}}}}}]] }} }} |#default = [[ISO 3166-2:{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}|{{uc:{{{iso3166code}}}}}]] }} | label128= [[Country code top-level domain|Internet TLD]] | data128= {{{cctld|}}} | data129 = {{#if:{{{official_website|}}} |<div class="ib-country-website">'''Website'''<br/>{{{official_website}}}</div> }} | data130= {{#if:{{{image_map3|{{{location_map|}}}}}} | {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image_map3|{{{location_map|}}}}}}|size={{{map3_width|}}}|upright=1.15|alt={{{alt_map3|}}}|title=Location of {{{common_name|{{{name|{{{linking_name|{{PAGENAME}} }}} }}} }}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption3|}}}|<div class="ib-country-map-caption3">{{{map_caption3|}}}</div>}} }} | data134 = {{#if:{{{p1|}}}{{{s1|}}} |{{Infobox igihugu/formernext|flag_p1={{{flag_p1|}}}|image_p1={{{image_p1|}}}|p1={{{p1|}}}|border_p1={{{border_p1|}}}|flag_p2={{{flag_p2|}}}|image_p2={{{image_p2|}}}|p2={{{p2|}}}|border_p2={{{border_p2|}}}|flag_p3={{{flag_p3|}}}|image_p3={{{image_p3|}}}|p3={{{p3|}}}|border_p3={{{border_p3|}}}|flag_p4={{{flag_p4|}}}|image_p4={{{image_p4|}}}|p4={{{p4|}}}|border_p4={{{border_p4|}}}|flag_p5={{{flag_p5|}}}|image_p5={{{image_p5|}}}|p5={{{p5|}}}|border_p5={{{border_p5|}}}|flag_p6={{{flag_p6|}}}|image_p6={{{image_p6|}}}|p6={{{p6|}}}|border_p6={{{border_p6|}}}|flag_p7={{{flag_p7|}}}|image_p7={{{image_p7|}}}|p7={{{p7|}}}|border_p7={{{border_p7|}}}|flag_p8={{{flag_p8|}}}|image_p8={{{image_p8|}}}|p8={{{p8|}}}|border_p8={{{border_p8|}}}|flag_p9={{{flag_p9|}}}|image_p9={{{image_p9|}}}|p9={{{p9|}}}|border_p9={{{border_p9|}}}|flag_p10={{{flag_p10|}}}|image_p10={{{image_p10|}}}|p10={{{p10|}}}|border_p10={{{border_p10|}}}|flag_p11={{{flag_p11|}}}|image_p11={{{image_p11|}}}|p11={{{p11|}}}|border_p11={{{border_p11|}}}|flag_p12={{{flag_p12|}}}|image_p12={{{image_p12|}}}|p12={{{p12|}}}|border_p12={{{border_p12|}}}|flag_p13={{{flag_p13|}}}|image_p13={{{image_p13|}}}|p13={{{p13|}}}|border_p13={{{border_p13|}}}|flag_p14={{{flag_p14|}}}|image_p14={{{image_p14|}}}|p14={{{p14|}}}|border_p14={{{border_p14|}}}|flag_p15={{{flag_p15|}}}|image_p15={{{image_p15|}}}|p15={{{p15|}}}|border_p15={{{border_p15|}}}|flag_p16={{{flag_p16|}}}|image_p16={{{image_p16|}}}|p16={{{p16|}}}|border_p16={{{border_p16|}}}|flag_p17={{{flag_p17|}}}|image_p17={{{image_p17|}}}|p17={{{p17|}}}|border_p17={{{border_p17|}}}|flag_p18={{{flag_p18|}}}|image_p18={{{image_p18|}}}|p18={{{p18|}}}|border_p18={{{border_p18|}}}|flag_p19={{{flag_p19|}}}|image_p19={{{image_p19|}}}|p19={{{p19|}}}|border_p19={{{border_p19|}}}|flag_p20={{{flag_p20|}}}|image_p20={{{image_p20|}}}|p20={{{p20|}}}|border_p20={{{border_p20|}}}|flag_p21={{{flag_p21|}}}|image_p21={{{image_p21|}}}|p21={{{p21|}}}|border_p21={{{border_p21|}}}|flag_s1={{{flag_s1|}}}|image_s1={{{image_s1|}}}|s1={{{s1|}}}|border_s1={{{border_s1|}}}|flag_s2={{{flag_s2|}}}|image_s2={{{image_s2|}}}|s2={{{s2|}}}|border_s2={{{border_s2|}}}|flag_s3={{{flag_s3|}}}|image_s3={{{image_s3|}}}|s3={{{s3|}}}|border_s3={{{border_s3|}}}|flag_s4={{{flag_s4|}}}|image_s4={{{image_s4|}}}|s4={{{s4|}}}|border_s4={{{border_s4|}}}|flag_s5={{{flag_s5|}}}|image_s5={{{image_s5|}}}|s5={{{s5|}}}|border_s5={{{border_s5|}}}|flag_s6={{{flag_s6|}}}|image_s6={{{image_s6|}}}|s6={{{s6|}}}|border_s6={{{border_s6|}}}|flag_s7={{{flag_s7|}}}|image_s7={{{image_s7|}}}|s7={{{s7|}}}|border_s7={{{border_s7|}}}|flag_s8={{{flag_s8|}}}|image_s8={{{image_s8|}}}|s8={{{s8|}}}|border_s8={{{border_s8|}}}|flag_s9={{{flag_s9|}}}|image_s9={{{image_s9|}}}|s9={{{s9|}}}|border_s9={{{border_s9|}}}|flag_s10={{{flag_s10|}}}|image_s10={{{image_s10|}}}|s10={{{s10|}}}|border_s10={{{border_s10|}}}|flag_s11={{{flag_s11|}}}|image_s11={{{image_s11|}}}|s11={{{s11|}}}|border_s11={{{border_s11|}}}|flag_s12={{{flag_s12|}}}|image_s12={{{image_s12|}}}|s12={{{s12|}}}|border_s12={{{border_s12|}}}|flag_s13={{{flag_s13|}}}|image_s13={{{image_s13|}}}|s13={{{s13|}}}|border_s13={{{border_s13|}}}|flag_s14={{{flag_s14|}}}|image_s14={{{image_s14|}}}|s14={{{s14|}}}|border_s14={{{border_s14|}}}|flag_s15={{{flag_s15|}}}|image_s15={{{image_s15|}}}|s15={{{s15|}}}|border_s15={{{border_s15|}}}|flag_s16={{{flag_s16|}}}|image_s16={{{image_s16|}}}|s16={{{s16|}}}|border_s16={{{border_s16|}}}|flag_s17={{{flag_s17|}}}|image_s17={{{image_s17|}}}|s17={{{s17|}}}|border_s17={{{border_s17|}}}|flag_s18={{{flag_s18|}}}|image_s18={{{image_s18|}}}|s18={{{s18|}}}|border_s18={{{border_s18|}}}|flag_s19={{{flag_s19|}}}|image_s19={{{image_s19|}}}|s19={{{s19|}}}|border_s19={{{border_s19|}}}|flag_s20={{{flag_s20|}}}|image_s20={{{image_s20|}}}|s20={{{s20|}}}|border_s20={{{border_s20|}}}|flag_s21={{{flag_s21|}}}|image_s21={{{image_s21|}}}|s21={{{s21|}}}|border_s21={{{border_s21|}}}}} }} | label135 = Today part of | data135 = {{{today|}}} | data136 = {{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}{{{footnote_b|}}}{{{footnote_c|}}}{{{footnote_d|}}}{{{footnote_e|}}}{{{footnote_f|}}}{{{footnote_g|}}}{{{footnote_h|}}} |<div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> {{#if:{{{footnote_a|}}}|<li value=1>{{{footnote_a|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_b|}}}|<li value=2>{{{footnote_b|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_c|}}}|<li value=3>{{{footnote_c|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_d|}}}|<li value=4>{{{footnote_d|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_e|}}}|<li value=5>{{{footnote_e|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_f|}}}|<li value=6>{{{footnote_f|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_g|}}}|<li value=7>{{{footnote_g|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote_h|}}}|<li value=8>{{{footnote_h|}}}</li>}} </ol></div>}} | data137 = {{#if:{{{footnote1|}}}{{{footnote2|}}}{{{footnote3|}}}{{{footnote4|}}}{{{footnote5|}}}{{{footnote6|}}}{{{footnote7|}}}{{{footnote8|}}} |<div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-num"> {{#if:{{{footnote1|}}}|<li value=1>{{{footnote1|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote2|}}}|<li value=2>{{{footnote2|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote3|}}}|<li value=3>{{{footnote3|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote4|}}}|<li value=4>{{{footnote4|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote5|}}}|<li value=5>{{{footnote5|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote6|}}}|<li value=6>{{{footnote6|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote7|}}}|<li value=7>{{{footnote7|}}}</li> }}{{#if:{{{footnote8|}}}|<li value=8>{{{footnote8|}}}</li>}} </ol></div>}} | data138 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}|<div class="ib-country-fn">{{{footnotes}}}{{#if:{{{footnotes2|}}}|<br>{{{footnotes2}}}}}</div>}} | belowclass = mergedtoprow noprint | below = {{#if:{{{navbar|}}}| {{navbar|{{{navbar|}}}}} }} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox igihugu]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| admin_center_type | admin_center | alt_coat | alt_flag | alt_flag2 | alt_map | alt_map2 | alt_map3 | alt_symbol | anthem | anthems | antipodes | area_acre | area_data2 | area_data3 | area_footnote | area_ha | area_km2 | area_label | area_label2 | area_label3 | area_land_acre | area_land_footnote | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_link | area_rank | area_sq_mi | area_water_acre | area_water_footnote | area_water_ha | area_water_km2 | area_water_sq_mi | border_p1 | border_p2 | border_p3 | border_p4 | border_p5 | border_p6 | border_p7 | border_p8 | border_p9 | border_p10 | border_p11 | border_p12 | border_p13 | border_p14 | border_p15 | border_p16 | border_p17 | border_p18 | border_p19 | border_p20| border_p21 | border_s1 | border_s2 | border_s3 | border_s4 | border_s5 | border_s6 | border_s7 | border_s8 | border_s9 | border_s10 | border_s11 | border_s12 | border_s13 | border_s14 | border_s15 | border_s16 | border_s17 | border_s18 | border_s19 | border_s20 | border_s21 | calling_code | capital_exile | capital_type | capital | cctld | coa_size | coat_alt | common_languages | common_name | conventional_long_name | coordinates | currency_code | currency | date_end | date_event1 | date_event2 | date_event3 | date_event4 | date_event5 | date_event6 | date_event7 | date_event8 | date_event9 | date_event10 | date_format | date_post | date_pre | date_start | demonym | deputy1 | deputy2 | deputy3 | deputy4 | deputy5 | deputy6 | deputy7 | deputy8 | deputy9 | deputy10 | deputy11 | deputy12 | deputy13 | deputy14 | deputy15 | drives_on | DST_note | DST | empire | englishmotto | era | established_date1 | established_date2 | established_date3 | established_date4 | established_date5 | established_date6 | established_date7 | established_date8 | established_date9 | established_date10 | established_date11 | established_date12 | established_date13 | established_date14 | established_date15 | established_date16 | established_date17 | established_date18 | established_date19 | established_date20 | established_event1 | established_event2 | established_event3 | established_event4 | established_event5 | established_event6 | established_event7 | established_event8 | established_event9 | established_event10 | established_event11 | established_event12 | established_event13 | established_event14 | established_event15 | established_event16 | established_event17 | established_event18 | established_event19 | established_event20 | established | ethnic_groups_ref | ethnic_groups_year | ethnic_groups | event_end | event_post | event_pre | event_start | event1 | event2 | event3 | event4 | event5 | event6 | event7 | event8 | event9 | event10 | flag| flag_alt | flag_alt2 | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_caption | flag_p1 | flag_p2 | flag_p3 | flag_p4 | flag_p5 | flag_p6 | flag_p7 | flag_p8 | flag_p9 | flag_p10 | flag_p11 | flag_p12 | flag_p13 | flag_p14 | flag_p15 | flag_p16 | flag_p17 | flag_p18 | flag_p19 | flag_p20 | flag_p21 | flag_s1 | flag_s2 | flag_s3 | flag_s4 | flag_s5 | flag_s6 | flag_s7 | flag_s8 | flag_s9 | flag_s10 | flag_s11 | flag_s12 | flag_s13 | flag_s14 | flag_s15 | flag_s16 | flag_s17 | flag_s18 | flag_s19 | flag_s20 | flag_s21 | flag_size | flag_type | flag_type_article | flag_width | flag2_border | footnote_a | footnote_a | footnote_b | footnote_b | footnote_c | footnote_c | footnote_d | footnote_d | footnote_e | footnote_e | footnote_f | footnote_f | footnote_g | footnote_g | footnote_h | footnote_h | footnote1 | footnote1 | footnote2 | footnote2 | footnote3 | footnote3 | footnote4 | footnote4 | footnote5 | footnote5 | footnote6 | footnote6 | footnote7 | footnote7 | footnote8 | footnote8 | footnotes | footnotes2 | FR_cadastre_area_km2 | FR_cadastre_area_rank | FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi | FR_foot | FR_foot2 | FR_foot3 | FR_foot4 | FR_foot5 | FR_IGN_area_km2 | FR_IGN_area_rank | FR_IGN_area_sq_mi | FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank | FR_metropole_population | FR_metropole | FR_total_population_estimate_rank | FR_total_population_estimate_year | FR_total_population_estimate | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank | GDP_nominal_per_capita | GDP_nominal_rank | GDP_nominal_year | GDP_nominal | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank | GDP_PPP_per_capita | GDP_PPP_rank | GDP_PPP_year | GDP_PPP | Gini_change | Gini_rank | Gini_ref | Gini_year | Gini | government_type | HDI_change | HDI_rank | HDI_ref | HDI_year | HDI | house1 | house2 | image_coat | image_flag | image_flag2 | image_map_alt | image_map_caption | image_map_size | image_map | image_map2_alt | image_map2_caption | image_map2_size | image_map2 | image_map3 | image_p1 | image_p2 | image_p3 | image_p4 | image_p5 | image_p6 | image_p7 | image_p8 | image_p9 | image_p10 | image_p11 | image_p12 | image_p13 | image_p14 | image_p15 | image_p16 | image_p17 | image_p18 | image_p19 | image_p20 | image_p21 | image_s1 | image_s2 | image_s3 | image_s4 | image_s5 | image_s6 | image_s7 | image_s8 | image_s9 | image_s10 | image_s11 | image_s12 | image_s13 | image_s14 | image_s15 | image_s16 | image_s17 | image_s18 | image_s19 | image_s20 | image_s21 | image_symbol | iso3166code | languages_sub | languages_type | languages | languages2_sub | languages2_type | languages2 | largest_city | largest_settlement_type | largest_settlement | leader_name1 | leader_name2 | leader_name3 | leader_name4 | leader_name5 | leader_name6 | leader_name7 | leader_name8 | leader_name9 | leader_name10 | leader_name11 | leader_name12 | leader_name13 | leader_name14 | leader_name15 | leader_title1 | leader_title2 | leader_title3 | leader_title4 | leader_title5 | leader_title6 | leader_title7 | leader_title8 | leader_title9 | leader_title10 | leader_title11 | leader_title12 | leader_title13 | leader_title14 | leader_title15 | leader1 | leader2 | leader3 | leader4 | leader5 | leader6 | leader7 | leader8 | leader9 | leader10 | leader11 | leader12 | leader13 | leader14 | leader15 | legislature | life_span | linking_name | location_map | loctext | lower_house | map_caption | map_caption2 | map_caption3 | map_width | map2_width | map3_width | membership_type | membership | micronation | motto | name | national_anthem | national_languages | national_motto | native_name | navbar | nummembers | official_languages | official_website | org_type | other_symbol_type | other_symbol | p1 | p2 | p3 | p4 | p5 | p6 | p7 | p8 | p9 | p10 | p11 | p12 | p13 | p14 | p15 | p16 | p17 | p18 | p19 | p20 | p21 | patron_saint | patron_saints | percent_water | politics_link | pop_den_footnote | population_census_rank | population_census_year | population_census | population_data2 | population_data3 | population_density_km2 | population_density_rank | population_density_sq_mi | population_estimate_rank | population_estimate_year | population_estimate | population_label2 | population_label3 | population_link | recognised_languages | recognised_national_languages | recognised_regional_languages | recognized_languages | recognized_national_languages | ref_area1 | ref_area2 | ref_area3 | ref_area4 | ref_area5 | ref_pop1 | ref_pop2 | ref_pop3 | ref_pop4 | ref_pop5 | regional_languages | recognized_regional_languages | religion_ref | religion_year | religion | representative1 | representative2 | representative3 | representative4 | representative5 | representative6 | representative7 | representative8 | royal_anthem | flag_anthem | march | national_march | regional_anthem | territorial_anthem | state_anthem | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | s6 | s7 | s8 | s9 | s10 | s11 | s12 | s13 | s14 | s15 | s16 | s17 | s18 | s19 | s20 | s21 | sovereignty_note | sovereignty_type | stat_area1 | stat_area2 | stat_area3 | stat_area4 | stat_area5 | stat_pop1 | stat_pop2 | stat_pop3 | stat_pop4 | stat_pop5 | stat_year1 | stat_year2 | stat_year3 | stat_year4 | stat_year5 | status_text | status | symbol| symbol_type_article | symbol_type | symbol_width | text_symbol_type | text_symbol | time_zone_DST | time_zone | title_deputy | title_leader | title_representative | today | type_house1 | type_house2 | upper_house | utc_offset_DST | utc_offset | year_deputy1 | year_deputy2 | year_deputy3 | year_deputy4 | year_deputy5 | year_deputy6 | year_deputy7 | year_deputy8 | year_deputy9 | year_deputy10 | year_deputy11 | year_deputy12 | year_deputy13 | year_deputy14 | year_deputy15 | year_end | year_exile_end | year_exile_start | year_leader1 | year_leader2 | year_leader3 | year_leader4 | year_leader5 | year_leader6 | year_leader7 | year_leader8 | year_leader9 | year_leader10 | year_leader11 | year_leader12 | year_leader13 | year_leader14 | year_leader15 | year_representative1 | year_representative2 | year_representative3 | year_representative4 | year_representative5 | year_representative6 | year_representative7 | year_representative8 | year_start}}{{main other| {{#if:{{both|{{{image_coat|}}}|{{{image_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|A]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{alt_coat|}}}|{{{alt_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|B]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{motto|}}}|{{{national_motto|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|C]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{national_anthem|}}}|{{{anthem|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|D]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{other_symbol|}}}|{{{text_symbol|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|E]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{other_symbol_type|}}}|{{{text_symbol_type|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|F]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{largest_city|}}}|{{{largest_settlement|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|G]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{recognized_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_languages|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|H]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_national_languages|}}}}}{{both|{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}|{{{recognised_regional_languages|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|I]] }}{{#if:{{{official_languages|}}}||{{#if:{{{recognized_languages|}}}{{{recognised_languages|}}}{{{recognized_national_languages|}}}{{{recognised_national_languages|}}}{{{recognized_regional_languages|}}}{{{recognised_regional_languages|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|J]]}} }}{{#if:{{both|{{{area_km2|}}}|{{{area_ha|}}}}}{{both|{{{area_land_km2|}}}|{{{area_land_ha|}}}}}{{both|{{{area_water_km2|}}}|{{{area_water_ha|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|K]] }}{{#if:{{both|{{{DST|}}}|{{{time_zone_DST|}}}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|L]] }}{{#if:{{{time_zone|}}}{{{utc_offset|}}}||{{#if:{{{time_zone_DST|}}}{{{utc_offset_DST|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|M]]}} }}{{#if:{{both|{{{sovereignty_type|}}}|{{{established|}}} }}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|O]] }}{{#if:{{{languages|}}}|{{#if:{{{languages_type|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|P]]}} }}{{#if:{{{languages2|}}}|{{#if:{{{languages2_type|}}}||[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems|P]]}} }}{{#if:{{{flag_type|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters|T{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{flag_caption|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters|C{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{symbol_type|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters|T{{PAGENAME}}]] }}{{#if:{{{symbol_caption|}}}|[[Category:Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters|C{{PAGENAME}}]] }}}}<!-- Tracking categories from merge with {{infobox former country}}. After all cats are empty/have been checked, these can be removed. -->{{#if:{{{status_text|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{ucfirst:{{{status|}}}}}|Colony|{{main other|[[Category:Former country articles using status text with Colony or Exile]]}}|{{#ifeq:{{ucfirst:{{{status|}}}}}|Exile|{{main other|[[Category:Former country articles using status text with Colony or Exile]]}}}}}} }}<!--End of former country tracking cats--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> orm8v0cu655sll36vwxklgik9dc0cyh 10 11302 84382 2022-05-19T22:44:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Infobox igihugu/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ib-country { border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.2em; } /* TODO split definitions to appropriate class names when live from HTML element */ .ib-country td, .ib-country th { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data, .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data { border: 0; padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label, .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data, .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data { border-top: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; } .ib-country .infobox-header { text-align: left; } .ib-country .infobox-above { font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.2; } .ib-country-names { padding-top: 0.25em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-name-style { display: inline; } .ib-country .infobox-image { padding: 0.5em 0; } .ib-country-anthem { border-top: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; } .ib-country-map-caption { position: relative; top: 0.3em; } .ib-country-largest, .ib-country-lang { font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-ethnic, .ib-country-religion, .ib-country-sovereignty { font-weight: normal; display: inline; } .ib-country-fake-li { text-indent: -0.9em; margin-left: 1.2em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-fake-li2 { text-indent: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; font-weight: normal; } .ib-country-website { line-height: 11pt; } .ib-country-map-caption3 { position: relative; top: 0.3em; } .ib-country-fn { text-align: left; margin: 0 auto; } .ib-country-fn-alpha { list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin-left: 1em; } .ib-country-fn-num { margin-left: 1em; } 5qczvx1shsrgpkv1ufrczmwc32yqg71 10 11303 84383 2022-05-19T22:45:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:If empty wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:If empty|main}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> dl9p9t1ge8vz1f67zrvu4lp7md161es 10 11304 84384 2022-05-19T22:45:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:If empty/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD TEMPLATE CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> {{Template redirect |Ifempty |First nonempty |Use first nonempty |Firstdata}} {{Lua|Module:If empty}} {{High-use|all-pages = yes}} This template is used inside other templates. It takes any number of parameters and returns the first found to be defined and non-empty. If none is found, nothing is returned. By writing <code><nowiki>{{if empty|a|b|c}}</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>{{#if:a|a|{{#if:b|b|c}}}}</nowiki></code>, expression a and b do not have to be [[Don't repeat yourself|repeated]] and evaluated twice. The template provides a [[fallback]] order, similar to a [[try catch]] based "It is easier to ask for forgiveness than permission" ([[EAFP]]) programming style. Typical usage is like this: : <code><nowiki>{{If empty |{{{logo|}}} |{{{image|}}} |{{{picture|}}} |default.svg}}</nowiki></code> : <nowiki>("Return {{{logo|}}} if it has a value; else {{{image|}}} if it has a value; else {{{picture|}}} if it has a value; else return "default.svg".")</nowiki> This returns the first of the parameters ''logo'', ''image'' and ''picture'' that is defined and non-empty, otherwise "default.svg". ===Rationale=== The MediaWiki parameter default function doesn't return the default value for empty parameters. That is, <code><nowiki>{{{logo|default.svg}}}</nowiki></code> does not return "default.svg" if the template was called like this: <code><nowiki>{{template|logo=}}</nowiki></code>. The usual workaround for a single parameter is: : <code><nowiki>{{#if:{{{logo|}}} |{{{logo}}} |default.svg}}</nowiki></code> : <nowiki>("If {{{logo}}} has a value, return it, else return "default.svg".")</nowiki> But this becomes complex when several parameters are to be checked: : <code><nowiki>{{#if:{{{logo|}}} |{{{logo}}} |{{#if:{{{image|}}} |{{{image}}} |{{#if:{{{picture|}}} |{{{picture}}} |default.svg}} }} }}</nowiki></code> : <nowiki>("If {{{logo}}} has a value, return it; else if {{{image}}} has a value, return that; else if {{{picture}}} has a value, return that; else return "default.svg".")</nowiki> In these cases, {{tlf|if empty}} produces the simpler syntax (as above): : <code><nowiki>{{if empty |{{{logo|}}} |{{{image|}}} |{{{picture|}}} |default.svg}}</nowiki></code> ====Piping==== Parameters used with {{tlf|if empty}} must be [[Pipe (Unix)|pipe]]d&nbsp;– i.e. include the [[Vertical bar|vertical bar (pipe) symbol]] {{nowrap|("{{thin space}}&#124;{{thin space}}")}} as a trailing character&nbsp;– so that empty or undefined parameters aren't treated as text and returned incorrectly. Hence, for example, <code><nowiki>{{{logo|}}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{{image|}}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{{picture|}}}</nowiki></code> rather than {{param|logo}}, {{param|image}} and {{param|picture}} in the above examples. ===Examples=== {{Aligned table |class=wikitable |cols=3 |col1style=padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:1.0em; |col3style=padding-left:0.5em; |row1style=background:whitesmoke;padding-left:0.5em;font-weight:bold; | Code | Result | | {{tlc|if empty}} | {{if empty}} | Returns an empty string. | {{tlc|if empty|one}} | {{if empty|one}} | Returns the first parameter that is defined and not empty. | {{tlc|if empty|one|two}} | {{if empty|one|two}} | | {{tlc|if empty|one|two|three|four}} | {{if empty|one|two|three|four}} | | {{tlc|if empty||two}} | {{if empty||two}} | The first parameter is empty/undefined, so is passed over. | {{tlc|if empty||two|three|four}} | {{if empty||two|three|four}} | | {{tlc|if empty||two||four}} | {{if empty||two||four}} | | <code><nowiki>{{if empty||||||||||ten}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty||||||||||ten}} | Unlike in previous versions, this template is no longer limited by 9 parameters. | {{tlc|if empty{{!}}}} | {{if empty|}} | The only parameter is empty or undefined, so returns an empty string. | {{tlc|if empty|{{!}}{{!}}{{!}}{{!}}}} | {{if empty||||}} | Returns an empty string. | <code><nowiki>{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|three}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|three}} | | <code><nowiki>{{if empty|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|three}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|three}} | No pipe-characters following the names of the first two parameters ("1" and "2"), so the first of these returned as text ("{{{1}}}"). | <code><nowiki>{{if empty|{{{logo|}}}|two}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty|{{{logo|}}}|two}} | | <code><nowiki>{{if empty|{{{logo}}}|two}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty|{{{logo}}}|two}} | No pipe-character following the parameter name "logo", so the text "{{{logo}}}" returned. | <code><nowiki>{{if empty|p=q}}</nowiki></code> | {{if empty|p=q}} | The template identifies the parameters it receives as parameters 1 to 9, not using names such as "p", etc. }} ===See also=== * {{tl|if all}} * {{tl|if either}} * [[Help:Parameter default]] * {{tl|Category see also if exists 2}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- ADD TEMPLATE CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:If-then-else templates]] [[Category:Parameter selection templates]] }}</includeonly> p7xbg6xw3k4wt0e4cqxfzmb3qwbemsd 828 11305 84385 2022-05-19T22:46:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If empty Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:If empty', removeBlanks = false}) local lastk = 0 for k,v in ipairs(args) do if v ~= '' then return v end lastk = k end end return p 8vj3f190vdtxab8i3tvdr4qnprw63ar 828 11306 84386 2022-05-19T22:46:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:If empty/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Arguments}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} This module supports [[Template:If empty]]. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> q8ylde64q89ww3bv0puzlor8dt82mau 10 11307 84387 2022-05-19T22:47:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Param wikitext text/x-wiki {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||<{{{tag|code}}}>}}&#123;&#123;&#123;{{{1<noinclude>|foo</noinclude>}}}{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|}}} |&#124;}}{{{2|}}}&#125;&#125;&#125;{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />Yesno|{{{nested|no}}}}}|yes||</{{{tag|code}}}>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> k2oxzdhjfcbt88hy90njp6u20ucxx42 10 11308 84388 2022-05-19T22:47:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Param/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Distinguish|Template:Para}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> This template is for giving examples of template parameter source code which is useful in template documentation and talk page discussions of template code. ===Usage=== :<code><nowiki>{{param|foo}}</nowiki></code> → {{param|foo}} :<code><nowiki>{{param|foo|tag=kbd}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{param|foo|tag=kbd}} :<code><nowiki>{{param|foo|bar}}</nowiki></code> → {{param|foo|bar}} :<code><nowiki>{{param|foo|{{param|bar|nested=yes}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{param|foo|{{param|bar|nested=yes}}}} :<code><nowiki>{{param|foo|{{param|bar|{{param|baz|derp|nested=yes}}|nested=yes}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{param|foo|{{param|bar|{{param|baz|derp|nested=yes}}|nested=yes}}}} ====Examples involving {{tl|para}}==== :<code><nowiki>{{para|foo|{{param|bar}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{para|foo|{{param|bar}}}} :<code><nowiki>{{para|foo|{{param|bar|nested=yes}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{para|foo|{{param|bar|nested=yes}}}} :<code><nowiki>{{para|foo}}{{param|bar}}</nowiki></code> → {{para|foo}}{{param|bar}} :<code><nowiki>{{para|foo|{{var|bar}}}}</nowiki></code> → {{para|foo|{{var|bar}}}} ===See also=== * {{tbullet|para|foo|bar}} * {{tlc|param value|baz quux|space{{=}}·}} → {{param value|baz quux|space=·}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please: --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> izlw0eax7obvme1jxgbet0un3g247ov 10 11309 84389 2022-05-19T22:49:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Remove first word wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1}}}|pattern=^[^{{{sep|%s}}}]*{{{sep|%s}}}*|replace=|plain=false}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> q3rvb3vj9phd54s3yecz8846q90qfgo 10 11310 84390 2022-05-19T22:49:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Remove first word/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE--> {{High-use|23817}} {{Lua|Module:String}} This template removes the first word of the first parameter. Use {{para|1}} for the first parameter if the string may contain an [[equals sign]] (=). By default, words are delimited by spaces, but the optional parameter {{para|sep}} can set the separator to any character. ==Usage== One parameter (space as separator): * <code>'''{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|'''<var>string</var>'''}}'''</code> * <code>'''{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1='''<var>string</var>'''}}'''</code> Two parameters (user-defined character as separator): * <code>'''{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|'''<var>string</var>'''|sep='''<var>character</var>'''}}'''</code> * <code>'''{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1='''<var>string</var>'''|sep='''<var>character</var>'''}}'''</code> ==Examples== * {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo bår bàz}} → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo bår bàz}} * {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}| Fôo bår bàz }} → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}| Fôo bår bàz }} * {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}| a b }} → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}| a b }} * {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår}} → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår}} * {{tlc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår bàz}} → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår bàz}} * <code>{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår bàz|sep=-}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Fôo-bår bàz|sep=-}} * <code>{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|34,000,500|sep=,}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|34,000,500|sep=,}} * <code>{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Hear ye, users|sep=,}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Hear ye, users|sep=,}} * <code>{&#123;{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1=len = a+b|sep==}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|1=len = a+b|sep==}} ==See also== {{String-handling templates |trim}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:String manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> 75q6ipasghxbpsflsxslbrk5qxvm805 10 11311 84391 2022-05-19T22:50:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Infobox igihugu/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{nested|no}}}|no|{{documentation subpage}}{{hatnote|{{tl|Infobox geopolitical organisation}} and {{tl|Infobox former country}} redirect here; related parameters and examples are included below.}}}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Infobox igihugu/styles.css}} This infobox template is used to generate an infobox for the right-hand side of two specific types of article: on a country or territory, or on a geopolitical organisation. Parameter syntax and examples are detailed in the collapsed sections immediately below. __FORCETOC__ == Syntax == <!---------------------- Country/territory use ----------------------> <includeonly>{{short description|Country in north-west Europe}}</includeonly> {{About-distinguish2|the country|[[Great Britain]], its largest island whose name is also loosely applied to the whole country}} {{Redirect|UK|other uses|United Kingdom (disambiguation)|and|UK (disambiguation)}} {{Use British English|date=April 2012}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}} {{Infobox igihugu | common_name = United Kingdom | linking_name = the United Kingdom<!--Note: "the" required here as this entry used to create wikilinks--> | conventional_long_name = United Federal Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | image_flag = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | image_coat = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg | symbol_type = [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom|Coat of arms]] | alt_flag = A flag composed of a red cross edged in white and superimposed on a red saltire, also edged in white, superimposed on a white saltire on a blue background | other_symbol = [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (Scotland).svg|x100px]] | other_symbol_type = [[Royal arms of Scotland#Current uses|Royal coat of arms in Scotland]]: | national_anthem = "[[I Vow to Thee, My Country]]"{{efn|There is no authorised version of the national anthem as the words are a matter of tradition; only the first verse is usually sung.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2016|title=National Anthem|url=https://www.royal.uk/national-anthem|access-date=4 June 2016|website=Official web site of the British Royal Family}}</ref>}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Europe-UK (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Europe-UK.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|[[File: United Kingdom (+overseas territories and crown dependencies) in the World (+Antarctica claims).svg|frameless|upright=1.15]]|Show overseas territories<br>and Crown dependencies|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map_caption|countryprefix=the|location_color=dark green|region=Europe|region_color=dark grey}} | capital = [[London]] | coordinates = {{coord|51|30|N|0|7|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Official language<br /> {{nobold|and national language}} | languages = [[English language|English]]<!--Note: Just English, don't add "British English"--> | languages2_type = Regional and minority languages{{efn|Scots, Ulster Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Scottish Gaelic and Irish are classed as [[Regional language|regional]] or [[Minority language|minority]] languages under the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web|title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148|url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1|access-date=12 December 2013|publisher=[[Council of Europe]]}}</ref> These include defined obligations to promote those languages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk|access-date=3 August 2018|website=www.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Welsh language scheme|work=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme|access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Welsh language scheme|work=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme|access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref> See also [[Languages of the United Kingdom]]. Welsh has limited ''[[de jure]]'' official status in Wales, as well as in the provision of national government services provided for Wales.}} | languages2 = {{hlist <!--Anglo--> |[[Scots language|Scots]] |[[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster Scots]] <!--Brittonic--> |[[Welsh language|Welsh]] |[[Cornish language|Cornish]] <!--Goidelic--> |[[Scottish Gaelic]]<!--Keep "Scottish Gaelic"; people will find "Gaelic" confusing, as the Irish language is also commonly called "Gaelic"--> |[[Irish language|Irish]] |[[British Sign Language]] }} | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |87.1% [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]{{efn|"This category could include Polish responses from the country specific question for Scotland which would have been outputted to 'Other White' and then included under 'White' for UK. 'White Africans' may also have been recorded under 'Other White' and then included under 'White' for UK."}}{{efn|83.6% are [[White British]]/[[White Irish|Irish]].}} |7.0% [[British Asian|Asian]] |3.0% [[Black British|Black]] |2.0% [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed]] |0.9% Other }} | ethnic_groups_year = [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011]] | religion = <!-- direct figures from ReligionUNdata reference -->{{Unbulleted list|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{#expr:(37583962/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Christianity in the United Kingdom|Christianity]] |{{#expr:(16221509/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|No religion]] |{{#expr:(2786635/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Islam in the United Kingdom|Islam]] |{{#expr:(835418/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Hinduism in the United Kingdom|Hinduism]] |{{#expr:(432429/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Sikhism in the United Kingdom|Sikhism]] |{{#expr:(269568/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Judaism in the United Kingdom|Judaism]] |{{#expr:(261584/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Buddhism in the United Kingdom|Buddhism]] |{{#expr:(262750/63182178)*100 round 1}}% [[Religion in the United Kingdom|Other]] |{{#expr:(4528323/63182178)*100 round 1}}% No answer }} | religion_year = [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011]]<ref name="ReligionUNdata">{{Cite web|title=UNdata {{!}} record view {{!}} Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence|url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=POP&f=tableCode:28;countryCode:826&c=2,3,6,8,10,12,14,15,16&s=_countryEnglishNameOrderBy:asc,refYear:desc,areaCode:asc&v=1|access-date=13 October 2018|website=data.un.org}}</ref><ref name="Philby">{{Cite news|last=Philby|first=Charlotte|date=12 December 2012|title=Less religious and more ethnically diverse: Census reveals a picture of Britain today|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/less-religious-and-more-ethnically-diverse-census-reveals-a-picture-of-britain-today-8406506.html}}</ref> | demonym = {{hlist|[[British people|British]]|Briton|Brit (colloquial)}} | membership = {{plainlist| * [[England]] * [[Scotland]] * [[Wales]] * [[Northern Ireland]]}} | membership_type = Constituent countries | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]]{{efn|Although the United Kingdom has traditionally been seen as a unitary state, an alternative description of the UK as a "union state", put forward by, among others, [[Vernon Bogdanor]],<ref>{{cite book |first1=Jonathan |last1=Bradbury |title= Constitutional Policy and Territorial Politics in the UK: Volume 1: Union and Devolution 1997-2012 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=c3QWEAAAQBAJ&q=%2522union+state%2522+UK+unitary&pg=PA19 |publisher=Policy Press |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-5292-0588-6 |pages=19–20}}</ref> has become increasingly influential since the adoption of devolution in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Murray Stewart |last1=Leith |title=Political Discourse and National Identity in Scotland |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PeBvAAAAQBAJ&q=Uk+%2522unitary+state%2522&pg=PA39 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-7486-8862-3|page=39}}</ref> A union state is considered to differ from a unitary state in that while it maintains a central authority it also recognises the authority of historic rights and infrastructures of its component parts.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Alain-G. |last1=Gagnon |first2=James |last2=Tully |title=Multinational Democracies |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=g0ahE2fTxS0C&q=%2522union+state%2522+UK+unitary&pg=PA47 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2001 |isbn=978-0-521-80473-8 |page=47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Vernon |last1=Bogdanor |editor-first=Jack |editor-last=Beatson |chapter=Devolution: the Constitutional Aspects |title=Constitutional Reform in the United Kingdom: Practice and Principles |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YEEgDsCYmbQC&q=%2522union+state%2522+UK+unitary&pg=PA18 |publisher=Hart Publishing |location= Oxford |date=1998 |isbn=978-1-901362-84-8 |page=18}}</ref>}} [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]<br />[[constitutional monarchy]] | leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Monarch]] | leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Boris Johnson]] | legislature = [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] | upper_house = [[House of Lords]] | lower_house = [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of the formation of the United Kingdom|Formation]] | established_event1 = [[Laws in Wales Acts]] | established_date1 = 1535 and 1542 | established_event2 = [[Union of the Crowns]] | established_date2 = 24 March 1603 | established_event3 = [[Acts of Union of England and Scotland]] | established_date3 = 1 May 1707 | established_event4 = [[Acts of Union of Great Britain and Ireland]] | established_date4 = 1 January 1801 | established_event5 = [[Irish Free State Constitution Act]] | established_date5 = 5 December 1922 | area_km2 = 242495 | area_footnote = <ref>{{Cite report|year=2012|title=Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|access-date=9 August 2015}}</ref> | area_rank = 78th | area_sq_mi = 93628 | percent_water = 1.51 (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 67,081,000<ref name="pop_estimate">{{Cite web|title=Office for National Statistics|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/|website=ons.gov.uk}}</ref> | population_census = 63,182,178<ref name="pop_census">{{Cite web|title=2011 UK censuses|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/uk-census/index.html|access-date=17 December 2012|publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 21st | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 22nd | population_density_km2 = 270.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 701.2 | population_density_rank = 50th | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $3.276&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOUK">{{Cite web|date=October 2021|title=World Economic Outlook database: April 2021|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=112,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPRPPPPC,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2021&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | GDP_PPP_rank = 10th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $48,693<ref name="IMFWEOUK" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 28th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $3.108&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEOUK" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 5th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $46,200<ref name="IMFWEOUK" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 22nd | Gini = 36.6 | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Inequality - Income inequality|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|website=us.oecd.org|publisher=[[OECD]]|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = 33rd | HDI = 0.932<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Human Development Report 2020|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=15 December 2020|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 13th | currency = [[Pound&nbsp;sterling]]{{efn|Some of the devolved countries, Crown dependencies and British Overseas Territories issue their own sterling banknotes or currencies, or use another nation's currency. See [[List of British currencies]] for more information}} | currency_code = GBP | utc_offset = {{sp}} | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]], [[Western European Time|WET]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[British Summer Time]], [[Western European Summer Time|WEST]] | DST_note = {{efn|Also in observed by the [[Crown Dependencies]], and in the two British Overseas Territories of [[Gibraltar]] and [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] (though in the latter, without daylight saving time). For further information, see [[Time in the United Kingdom#British territories]].}} | date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yyyy|year}}<br />{{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}&nbsp;([[Anno Domini|AD]]) | drives_on = left{{efn|Except two overseas territories: [[Gibraltar]] and the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]].}} | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|+44]]{{efn|[[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom#Telephone numbers in Overseas Territories|Excludes most overseas territories]].}} | cctld = [[.uk]]{{efn|The [[.gb]] domain is also reserved for the UK, but has been little used.}} | today = }} <!------------------------- Geopolitical use --------------------------> <syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox geopolitical organization |name = <!-- (in English) --> |native_name = <!-- Long-form name in native or any/all non-English languages --> |linking_name = <!-- For wikilinks, if diff from name --> |image_flag = <!-- Flag image's filename --> |alt_flag = <!-- alt text for flag--> |flag_border = <!--set to no to disable border around the flag--> |symbol_type = <!-- Symbol, Emblem, Logo, etc. --> |image_symbol = <!-- Symbol image's filename --> |alt_symbol = <!-- alt text for symbol --> |symbol_width = <!-- Symbol image's width (default 85px) --> |motto = <!-- "[motto]" --> |englishmotto = <!--English language version of motto--> |anthem = <!-- ''[anthem name]'' --> |text_symbol_type = <!-- for other types of text symbol --> |text_symbol = <!-- e.g. ''[hymn name]'' --> |image_map = <!-- Map image's filename --> |loctext = <!--text description of location of organization--> |alt_map = <!-- alt text for map image --> |map_width = <!-- Map image's width (default 250px) --> |map_caption = |org_type = <!-- e.g. Trade bloc --> |membership_type = <!-- (default "Membership") --> |membership = <!-- Type/s and/or number/s of members --> |admin_center_type = <!-- e.g. "Administrative center" (default) --> |admin_center = <!-- Location/s of administrative center/s --> |languages_type = <!-- e.g. "[[Official language]]s" (default) --> |languages = |leader_title1 = <!-- e.g. "Chair", "President", etc. --> |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = <!-- e.g. "Deputy chair", etc. --> |leader_name2 = |leader_title14 = |leader_name14 = |established = <!-- Usually a date, in lieu of event/s hereafter --> |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |established_event2 = |established_date2 = |established_event9 = |established_date9 = |official_website = |area_km2 = <!-- major area size (in sq_km) --> |area_sq_mi = <!-- area in square mi (requires area_km2) --> |area_footnote = <!-- optional footnote for area --> |percent_water = |area_label = <!-- label under "Area" (default is "Total") --> |area_label2 = <!-- label below area_label (optional) --> |area_dabodyalign = <!-- text after area_label2 (optional) --> |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_year = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = |Gini = <!-- number only, 0-100 --> |Gini_ref = <!-- for any ref/s to associate with Gini number --> |Gini_year = |HDI = <!-- number only, 0-1 --> |HDI_ref = <!-- for any ref/s to associate with HDI number --> |HDI_year = |currency = |currency_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = <!-- +N, where N is number of hours --> |footnote1 = |footnote2 = |footnote7 = |footnotes = <!-- For generic non-numbered footnotes --> }} </syntaxhighlight> <!-------------------- Former country use ----------------------> <syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox former country |native_name = <!-- Name in a modern syntax of native language(s). Leave blank if name is only in English. Separate with line breaks<br/> or use Template:Plainlist. If language uses Latin characters, place name(s) in italics. --> |conventional_long_name = <!-- Full name in English --> |common_name = <!-- Name to be used in constructing links and category names; not for display --> |iso3166code = omit <!-- For a country or geopolitical version of a country that ceased to exist prior to the introduction of iso3166--> |era = <!-- Use: "Napoleonic Wars", "Cold War", etc. --> |status = <!-- Status: see Category list on template page --> |status_text = <!-- A free text to describe status at the top of the infobox. Use sparingly. --> |empire = <!-- The empire or country to which the entity was in a state of dependency --> |government_type = <!-- To generate categories: "Monarchy", "Republic", etc. to generate categories --> <!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates --> <!-- only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration" --> |event_start = <!-- Default: "Established" --> |date_start = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment, in format 1 January (no year) --> |year_start = <!-- Year of establishment --> |event_end = <!-- Default: "Disestablished" --> |date_end = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment, in format 1 January (no year) --> |year_end = <!-- Year of disestablishment --> |year_exile_start = <!-- Year of start of exile (if dealing with exiled government: status="Exile") --> |year_exile_end = <!-- Year of end of exile (leave blank if still in exile) --> |event1 = <!-- Optional: other events between "start" and "end" --> |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 = |event6 = |date_event6 = |event_pre = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before "event_start" --> |date_pre = |event_post = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place after "event_end" --> |date_post = <!-- Flag navigation: Preceding and succeeding entities p1 to p5 and s1 to s5 --> |p1 = <!-- Name of the article for preceding entity, numbered 1-5 --> |flag_p1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{p1}}}.svg" (size 30) --> |image_p1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] --> |p2 = |flag_p2 = |p3 = |flag_p3 = |p4 = |flag_p4 = |p5 = |flag_p5 = |s1 = <!-- Name of the article for succeeding entity, numbered 1-5 --> |flag_s1 = <!-- Default: "Flag of {{{s1}}}.svg" (size 30) --> |image_s1 = <!-- Use: [[File:Sin escudo.svg|20px|Image missing]] --> |s2 = |flag_s2 = |s3 = |flag_s3 = |s4 = |flag_s4 = |s5 = |flag_s5 = |image_flag = <!-- Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}}.svg --> |flag_alt = <!-- Alt text for flag --> |image_flag2 = <!-- Second flag --> |flag_alt2 = <!-- Alt text for second flag --> |flag = <!-- Link target under flag image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} --> |flag2 = <!-- Link target under flag2 image. Default: Flag of {{{common_name}}} --> |flag_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag. Default "Flag" --> |flag2_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under flag2. Default "Flag" --> |image_coat = <!-- Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}}.svg --> |coa_size = <!-- Size of coat of arms --> |coat_alt = <!-- Alt text for coat of arms --> |symbol_type = <!-- Displayed text for link under symbol. Default "Coat of arms" --> |symbol_type_article = <!-- Link target under symbol image. Default: Coat of arms of {{{common_name}}} --> |image_map = |image_map_alt = |image_map_caption = |image_map2 = <!-- If second map is needed; does not appear by default --> |image_map2_alt = |image_map2_caption = |capital = |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" --> |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = |religion = |demonym = |currency = <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies --> |leader1 = <!-- Name of king or president --> |leader2 = |leader3 = |leader4 = |leader21 = <!--(up to 21 distinct leaders may be included)--> |year_leader1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_leader2 = |year_leader3 = |year_leader4 = |year_leader21 = |title_leader = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President" --> |representative1 = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) --> |representative2 = |representative3 = |representative4 = |representative5 = |year_representative1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_representative2 = |year_representative3 = |year_representative4 = |year_representative5 = |title_representative = <!-- Default: "Governor" --> |deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister --> |deputy2 = |deputy3 = |deputy4 = |year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_deputy2 = |year_deputy3 = |year_deputy4 = |title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" --> <!-- Legislature --> |legislature = <!-- Name of legislature --> |house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber --> |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house" --> |house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber --> |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house" --> <!-- Area and population of a given year --> |stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both --> |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated --> |stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given --> |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |stat_year3 = |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = |stat_year4 = |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = |stat_year5 = |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = |today = <!-- Present-day countries that overlap with the territorial extent of the former country. Do not use this parameter if there are more than four such countries. --><!-- Do NOT add flags, per MOS:INFOBOXFLAG --> |footnote_a = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |footnote_b = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> ... |footnote_h = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> |footnotes = <!-- Accepts wikilinks --> }}</syntaxhighlight> == Examples == === Country/territory example === {{Infobox igihugu |conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon |native_name = {{lang|fr|République du Cameroun}} |common_name = Cameroon |image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg |alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red. |image_coat = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Cameroon (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Location of Cameroon on the globe. |national_motto = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|"Paix &ndash; Travail &ndash; Patrie"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Peace &ndash; Work &ndash; Fatherland"}} |national_anthem = <br/>"{{native phrase|fr|[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]|nolink=yes|italics=off}}"<br/>{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers''}}&nbsp;{{lower|0.1em|<sup>a</sup>}}}} |official_languages = {{hlist |[[French language|French]] |[[English language|English]]}} |demonym = Cameroonian |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|31% [[Ethnic groups in Cameroon|Cameroon Highlanders]]}} | 19% [[Bantu peoples|Equatorial Bantu]] | 11% [[Kirdi]] | 10% [[Fula people|Fulani]] | {{0|0}}8% [[Bantu peoples|Northwestern Bantu]] | {{0|0}}7% Eastern Nigritic | 13% other African | &lt;1% non-African }} |capital = [[Yaoundé]] |coordinates = {{coord|3|52|N|11|31|E}} |largest_city = [[Douala]] |government_type = [[Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Cameroon|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]] |leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]] |legislature = [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]] |area_rank = 54th <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.--> |area_km2 = 475,442 |area_sq_mi = 183,568 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.3 <!--CIA World Factbook--> |population_estimate = 20,129,878 |population_estimate_rank = 58th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |population_estimate_year = July 2012 |population_census = 17,463,836 |population_census_year = 2005 |population_density_km2 = 39.7 |population_density_sq_mi = 102.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 167th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |GDP_PPP = $47.251&nbsp;billion |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,257 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $25.759&nbsp;billion |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,230 |sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[France]]}} |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 1 January 1960 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|Annexation of former<br/>[[British Cameroons]]}} |established_date2 = 1 October 1961 |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.482 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 150th |Gini_year = 2001 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.6 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |currency = [[Central African CFA franc]] |currency_code = XAF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+237]] |cctld = [[.cm]] |footnote_a = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X. The French version of the song is sometimes called {{lang|fr|Chant de Ralliement}}, as in ''National Anthems of the World''; and the English version "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers", as in DeLancey and DeLancey 61. }} <syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="font-size:95%;overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox igihugu |conventional_long_name = Republic of Cameroon |native_name = {{lang|fr|République du Cameroun}} |common_name = Cameroon |image_flag = Flag of Cameroon.svg |alt_flag = Vertical tricolor (green, red, yellow) with a five-pointed gold star in the center of the red. |image_coat = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = Cameroon (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = Location of Cameroon on the globe. |national_motto = <br/>{{native phrase|fr|"Paix &ndash; Travail &ndash; Patrie"|italics=off}}<br/>{{small|"Peace &ndash; Work &ndash; Fatherland"}} |national_anthem = <br/>"{{native phrase|fr|[[O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]|nolink=yes|italics=off}}"<br/>{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers''}}&nbsp;{{lower|0.1em|<sup>a</sup>}}}} |official_languages = {{hlist |[[French language|French]] |[[English language|English]]}} |demonym = Cameroonian |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|31% [[Ethnic groups in Cameroon|Cameroon Highlanders]]}} | 19% [[Bantu peoples|Equatorial Bantu]] | 11% [[Kirdi]] | 10% [[Fula people|Fulani]] | {{0|0}}8% [[Bantu peoples|Northwestern Bantu]] | {{0|0}}7% Eastern Nigritic | 13% other African | &lt;1% non-African }} |capital = [[Yaoundé]] |coordinates = {{coord|3|52|N|11|31|E}} |largest_city = [[Douala]] |government_type = [[Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[List of heads of state of Cameroon|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Paul Biya]] |leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Cameroon|Prime Minister]] |leader_name2 = [[Philémon Yang]] |legislature = [[National Assembly (Cameroon)|National Assembly]] |area_rank = 54th <!--Demographic Yearbook 1.--> |area_km2 = 475,442 |area_sq_mi = 183,568 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 1.3 <!--CIA World Factbook--> |population_estimate = 20,129,878 |population_estimate_rank = 58th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |population_estimate_year = July 2012 |population_census = 17,463,836 |population_census_year = 2005 |population_density_km2 = 39.7 |population_density_sq_mi = 102,8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 167th <!--UN World Population Prospects--> |GDP_PPP = $47.251&nbsp;billion |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,257 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $25.759&nbsp;billion |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,230 |sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from [[France]]}} |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 1 January 1960 |established_event2 = {{nowrap|Annexation of former<br/>[[British Cameroons]]}} |established_date2 = 1 October 1961 |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.482 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 150th |Gini_year = 2001 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 44.6 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |currency = [[Central African CFA franc]] |currency_code = XAF |time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +1 |drives_on = right |calling_code = [[+237]] |cctld = [[.cm]] |footnote_a = These are the titles as given in the ''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'', Article X. The French version of the song is sometimes called {{lang|fr|Chant de Ralliement}}, as in ''National Anthems of the World''; and the English version "O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers", as in DeLancey and DeLancey 61. }} </syntaxhighlight> === Geopolitical organization example === {{Infobox geopolitical organization |name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:85%; |title = {{resize|130%|European Union}} |liststyle = text-align:center; | {{smaller|{{native name|bg|Европейски съюз}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|hr|Europska unija}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|cs|Evropská unie}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|da|Den Europæiske Union}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|nl|Europese Unie}}<br /><!-- -->{{native name|et|Euroopa Liit}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|fi|Euroopan unioni}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|fr|Union européenne}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|de|Europäische Union}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|el|Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|hu|Európai Unió}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|ga|An tAontas Eorpach}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|it|Unione europea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|lv|Eiropas Savienība}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|lt|Europos Sąjunga}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|mt|Unjoni Ewropea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|pl|Unia Europejska}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|pt|União Europeia}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|ro|Uniunea Europeană}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sk|Európska únia}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sl|Evropska unija}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|es|Unión Europea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sv|Europeiska unionen}}<!-- -->}} }} |linking_name = Europe |image_flag = Flag of Europe.svg |alt_flag = Circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background |motto = "[[Motto of the European Union|United in diversity]]" |anthem = <div style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">"[[Anthem of Europe|Ode to Joy]]"&nbsp;&nbsp;{{small|(orchestral)}}</div>[[File:Anthem of Europe (US Navy instrumental short version).ogg|center]] |image_map = EU Globe No Borders.svg |map_caption = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of the world, highlighting the European Union and its Member States (green). |map_width = 220px |admin_center_type = Political centres |admin_center = {{unbulleted list |[[Brussels]] ([[Brussels and the European Union|de facto capital]])|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] |[[Strasbourg]]}} |largest_city = [[London]] |official_languages = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[Languages of the European Union|24 languages]] | {{hlist |[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] |[[Croatian language|Croatian]] |[[Czech language|Czech]] |[[Danish language|Danish]] |[[Dutch language|Dutch]] |[[English language|English]] |[[Estonian language|Estonian]] |[[Finnish language|Finnish]] |[[French language|French]] |[[German language|German]] |[[Greek language|Greek]] |[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |[[Irish language|Irish]] |[[Italian language|Italian]] |[[Latvian language|Latvian]] |[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |[[Maltese language|Maltese]] |[[Polish language|Polish]] |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |[[Romanian language|Romanian]] |[[Slovak language|Slovak]] |[[Slovene language|Slovene]] |[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |[[Swedish language|Swedish]]}} }} |demonym = [[Citizenship of the European Union|European]] |membership_type = [[Member state of the European Union|Member state]]s |membership = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = 28 states |{{flagcountry|Austria}} |{{flagcountry|Belgium|state}} |{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}} |{{flagcountry|Croatia}} |{{flagcountry|Cyprus}} |{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}} |{{flagcountry|Denmark}} |{{flagcountry|Estonia}} |{{flagcountry|Finland}} |{{flagcountry|France}} |{{flagcountry|Germany}} |{{flagcountry|Greece}} |{{flagcountry|Hungary}} |{{flagcountry|Ireland}} |{{flagcountry|Italy}} |{{flagcountry|Latvia}} |{{flagcountry|Lithuania}} |{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}} |{{flagcountry|Malta}} |{{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |{{flagcountry|Poland}} |{{flagcountry|Portugal}} |{{flagcountry|Romania}} |{{flagcountry|Slovakia}} |{{flagcountry|Slovenia}} |{{flagcountry|Spain}} |{{flagcountry|Sweden}} |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} }} |leader_title1 = [[President of the European Council|President of the European Council]] |leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Charles Michel]] ([[Mouvement Réformateur|MR]])}} |leader_title2 = [[President of the European Commission|President of the Commission]] |leader_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Ursula von der Leyen]] ([[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]])}} |legislature = [[Legislature of the European Union]] |upper_house = {{nowrap|[[Council of the European Union]]}} |lower_house = [[European Parliament]] |established_event1 = [[Treaty of Paris (1951)|Treaty of Paris]] |established_date1 = 23 July 1952 |established_event2 = [[Treaty of Rome]] |established_date2 = 1 January 1958 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Maastricht Treaty|Treaty of Maastricht]]}} |established_date3 = 1 November 1993 |official_website = {{URL|europa.eu}} |area_rank = 7th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |area_km2 = 4,381,376 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_sq_mi = 1,691,658 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 3.08 |population_estimate = 507,890,191 |population_estimate_rank = 3rd<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |population_estimate_year = 2012 |population_density_km2 = 116.2 <!--502,486,499 / 4,324,782km2 = 116.2 people/km2 (1 January 2011)--> |population_density_sq_mi = 300.9 <!--502,486,499 / 1,669,807sq_mi = 300.9 people/sq_mi (1 January 2011)--> |population_density_rank = <!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> <!--IMF GDP data published in September 2011; so please do not use the IMF *projections* for 2011--> |GDP_PPP = $15.821 trillion |GDP_PPP_rank = 1st<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $31,607<!--same ref as above--> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_nominal = $17.577 trillion |GDP_nominal_rank = 1st<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35,116 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 14th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 30.4 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.876 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 13th<!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list-->{{\}}25th<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated with EU members in the list--> |currency = {{(!}} cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! colspan="4" style="font-size: 120%; white-space:nowrap" {{!}} [[Eurozone]]{{spaces|2}}{{nobold|{{small|(17 countries)}}}} {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! {{flagicon|EU}} ! [[Euro]] ! [[Euro sign|€]] ! [[ISO 4217|EUR]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! colspan="4" style="font-size: 120%;" {{!}} [[Currencies of the European Union|Other currencies]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} {{!}} [[Bulgarian lev|Lev]] {{!}} лв {{!}} [[ISO 4217|BGN]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Croatia}} {{!}} [[Croatian kuna|Kuna]] {{!}} kn {{!}} [[ISO 4217|HRK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} {{!}} [[Czech koruna|Koruna]] {{!}} Kč {{!}} [[ISO 4217|CZK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Denmark}} {{!}} [[Danish krone|Krone]] {{!}} kr {{!}} [[ISO 4217|DKK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Hungary}} {{!}} [[Hungarian forint|Forint]] {{!}} Ft {{!}} [[ISO 4217|HUF]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Latvia}} {{!}} [[Latvian lats|Lats]] {{!}} Ls {{!}} [[ISO 4217|LVL]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Lithuania}} {{!}} [[Lithuanian litas|Litas]] {{!}} Lt {{!}} [[ISO 4217|LTL]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Poland}} {{!}} [[Polish złoty|Złoty]] {{!}} zł {{!}} [[ISO 4217|PLN]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Romania}} {{!}} [[Romanian Leu|Leu]] {{!}} L {{!}} [[ISO 4217|RON]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Sweden}} {{!}} [[Swedish krona|Krona]] {{!}} kr {{!}} [[ISO 4217|SEK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{!}} [[Pound sterling]] {{!}} £ {{!}} [[ISO 4217|GBP]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Gibraltar}} {{!}} [[Gibraltar pound|Pound]] {{!}} £ {{!}} [[ISO 4217|GIP]] {{!)}} |time_zone = |utc_offset = +0 to +2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +1 to +3 |date_format = |cctld = [[.eu]] |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the European Union|28 codes]] |footnote_a = If considered as a single entity. }} <syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="font-size:95%;overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox geopolitical organization |name = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:85%; |title = {{resize|130%|European Union}} |liststyle = text-align:center; | {{smaller|{{native name|bg|Европейски съюз}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|hr|Europska unija}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|cs|Evropská unie}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|da|Den Europæiske Union}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|nl|Europese Unie}}<br /><!-- -->{{native name|et|Euroopa Liit}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|fi|Euroopan unioni}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|fr|Union européenne}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|de|Europäische Union}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|el|Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|hu|Európai Unió}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|ga|An tAontas Eorpach}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|it|Unione europea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|lv|Eiropas Savienība}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|lt|Europos Sąjunga}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|mt|Unjoni Ewropea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|pl|Unia Europejska}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|pt|União Europeia}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|ro|Uniunea Europeană}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sk|Európska únia}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sl|Evropska unija}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|es|Unión Europea}}<br/><!-- -->{{native name|sv|Europeiska unionen}}<!-- -->}} }} |linking_name = Europe |image_flag = Flag of Europe.svg |alt_flag = Circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background |motto = "[[Motto of the European Union|United in diversity]]" |anthem = <div style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">''[[Anthem of Europe|Ode to Joy]]''&nbsp;&nbsp;{{small|(orchestral)}}</div>{{center|[[File:Anthem of Europe (US Navy instrumental short version).ogg]]}} |image_map = EU Globe No Borders.svg |map_caption = An [[Orthographic projection (cartography)|orthographic projection]] of the world, highlighting the European Union and its Member States (green). |map_width = 220px |admin_center_type = Political centres |admin_center = {{unbulleted list |[[Brussels]] ([[Brussels and the European Union|de facto capital]])|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] |[[Strasbourg]]}} |largest_city = [[London]] |official_languages = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = [[Languages of the European Union|24 languages]] | {{hlist |[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] |[[Croatian language|Croatian]] |[[Czech language|Czech]] |[[Danish language|Danish]] |[[Dutch language|Dutch]] |[[English language|English]] |[[Estonian language|Estonian]] |[[Finnish language|Finnish]] |[[French language|French]] |[[German language|German]] |[[Greek language|Greek]] |[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] |[[Irish language|Irish]] |[[Italian language|Italian]] |[[Latvian language|Latvian]] |[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] |[[Maltese language|Maltese]] |[[Polish language|Polish]] |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |[[Romanian language|Romanian]] |[[Slovak language|Slovak]] |[[Slovene language|Slovene]] |[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |[[Swedish language|Swedish]]}} }} |demonym = [[Citizenship of the European Union|European]] |membership_type = [[Member state of the European Union|Member state]]s |membership = {{collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; |title = 28 states |{{flagcountry|Austria}} |{{flagcountry|Belgium|state}} |{{flagcountry|Bulgaria}} |{{flagcountry|Croatia}} |{{flagcountry|Cyprus}} |{{flagcountry|Czech Republic}} |{{flagcountry|Denmark}} |{{flagcountry|Estonia}} |{{flagcountry|Finland}} |{{flagcountry|France}} |{{flagcountry|Germany}} |{{flagcountry|Greece}} |{{flagcountry|Hungary}} |{{flagcountry|Ireland}} |{{flagcountry|Italy}} |{{flagcountry|Latvia}} |{{flagcountry|Lithuania}} |{{flagcountry|Luxembourg}} |{{flagcountry|Malta}} |{{flagcountry|Netherlands}} |{{flagcountry|Poland}} |{{flagcountry|Portugal}} |{{flagcountry|Romania}} |{{flagcountry|Slovakia}} |{{flagcountry|Slovenia}} |{{flagcountry|Spain}} |{{flagcountry|Sweden}} |{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} }} |leader_title1 = [[President of the European Council|President of the European Council]] |leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Charles Michel]] ([[Mouvement Réformateur|MR]])}} |leader_title2 = [[President of the European Commission|President of the Commission]] |leader_name2 = {{nowrap|[[Ursula von der Leyen]] ([[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]])}} |legislature = [[Legislature of the European Union]] |upper_house = {{nowrap|[[Council of the European Union]]}} |lower_house = [[European Parliament]] |established_event1 = [[Treaty of Paris (1951)|Treaty of Paris]] |established_date1 = 23 July 1952 |established_event2 = [[Treaty of Rome]] |established_date2 = 1 January 1958 |established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Maastricht Treaty|Treaty of Maastricht]]}} |established_date3 = 1 November 1993 |official_website = {{URL|europa.eu}} |area_rank = 7th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |area_km2 = 4,381,376 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_sq_mi = 1,691,658 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |percent_water = 3.08 |population_estimate = 507,890,191 |population_estimate_rank = 3rd<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |population_estimate_year = 2012 |population_density_km2 = 116.2 <!--502,486,499 / 4,324,782km2 = 116.2 people/km2 (1 January 2011)--> |population_density_sq_mi = 300.9 <!--502,486,499 / 1,669,807sq_mi = 300.9 people/sq_mi (1 January 2011)--> |population_density_rank = <!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> <!--IMF GDP data published in September 2011; so please do not use the IMF *projections* for 2011--> |GDP_PPP = $15.821 trillion |GDP_PPP_rank = 1st<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $31,607 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_nominal = $17.577 trillion |GDP_nominal_rank = 1st<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |GDP_nominal_year = 2011 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $35,116 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 14th<sup>a</sup><!--gives link to list--><!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list--> |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = 30.4 <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |HDI = 0.876 <!--number only--> |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 13th<!--Calculated by taking out EU members from the list-->{{\}}25th<sup>a</sup><!--Calculated with EU members in the list--> |currency = {{(!}} cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! colspan="4" style="font-size: 120%; white-space:nowrap" {{!}} [[Eurozone]]{{spaces|2}}{{nobold|{{small|(17 countries)}}}} {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! {{flagicon|EU}} ! [[Euro]] ! [[Euro sign|€]] ! [[ISO 4217|EUR]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" ! colspan="4" style="font-size: 120%;" {{!}} [[Currencies of the European Union|Other currencies]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} {{!}} [[Bulgarian lev|Lev]] {{!}} лв {{!}} [[ISO 4217|BGN]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Croatia}} {{!}} [[Croatian kuna|Kuna]] {{!}} kn {{!}} [[ISO 4217|HRK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} {{!}} [[Czech koruna|Koruna]] {{!}} Kč {{!}} [[ISO 4217|CZK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Denmark}} {{!}} [[Danish krone|Krone]] {{!}} kr {{!}} [[ISO 4217|DKK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Hungary}} {{!}} [[Hungarian forint|Forint]] {{!}} Ft {{!}} [[ISO 4217|HUF]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Latvia}} {{!}} [[Latvian lats|Lats]] {{!}} Ls {{!}} [[ISO 4217|LVL]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Lithuania}} {{!}} [[Lithuanian litas|Litas]] {{!}} Lt {{!}} [[ISO 4217|LTL]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Poland}} {{!}} [[Polish złoty|Złoty]] {{!}} zł {{!}} [[ISO 4217|PLN]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Romania}} {{!}} [[Romanian Leu|Leu]] {{!}} L {{!}} [[ISO 4217|RON]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Sweden}} {{!}} [[Swedish krona|Krona]] {{!}} kr {{!}} [[ISO 4217|SEK]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} {{!}} [[Pound sterling]] {{!}} £ {{!}} [[ISO 4217|GBP]] {{!-}} style="height: 22px;" {{!}} {{flagicon|Gibraltar}} {{!}} [[Gibraltar pound|Pound]] {{!}} £ {{!}} [[ISO 4217|GIP]] {{!)}} |time_zone = |utc_offset = +0 to +2 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +1 to +3 |date_format = |cctld = [[.eu]] |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the European Union|28 codes]] |footnote_a = If considered as a single entity. }} </syntaxhighlight> <!----(Geopolitical organization example ends)----> === Former country example === An example from [[German Empire]]: {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Deutsches Reich'' |conventional_long_name = German Empire |common_name = Germany |iso3166code = omit |status = Empire |era = [[New Imperialism]]/[[World War I|WWI]] |event_start = [[Unification of Germany|Unification]] |date_start = 18 January |year_start = 1871 |event_end = [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|Republic declared]] |date_end = 9 November |year_end = 1918 |event_post = Formal abdication |date_post = 28 November 1918 |p1 = North German Confederation |flag_p1 = Flag of the German Empire.svg |p2 = Kingdom of Bavaria |flag_p2 = Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg |p3 = Kingdom of Württemberg |flag_p3 = Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg |p4 = Grand Duchy of Baden |flag_p4 = Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1871-1891).svg |p5 = Grand Duchy of Hesse |flag_p5 = Flagge_Großherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg |p6 = Alsace-Lorraine |flag_p6 = Flag of France.svg |s1 = Weimar Republic |s2 = Republic of Alsace-Lorraine |s3 = Free City of Danzig |s4 = Second Polish Republic |s5 = Klaipėda Region |s6 = Saar (League of Nations) |s7 = Hlučín Region |s8 = South Jutland County{{!}}Northern Schleswig |s9 = Eupen-Malmedy |flag_s1 = Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg |flag_s2 = Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg |flag_s3 = Gdansk flag.svg |flag_s4 = Flag of Poland.svg |flag_s5 = Flag of Lithuania 1918-1940.svg |flag_s6 = Flag of Saar 1920-1935.svg |flag_s7 = Flag of Bohemia.svg |flag_s8 = Flag of Denmark.svg |flag_s9 = Flag of Belgium.svg |image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.svg |flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (black, white, red) |flag_caption = Flag of the German Empire |image_coat = Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichsadler 1889.svg |symbol_type = Imperial Coat of arms |coat_alt = Shield containing a black, one-headed, rightward-looking eagle with red beak, tongue and claws. On its breast is a shield with another eagle. Over its head is an imperial crown with two crossing ribbons. |image_map = German Empire, Wilhelminian third version.svg |image_map_alt = Located in north central Europe, containing modern Germany plus much of modern Poland |image_map_caption = Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to [[World War I]] |national_motto = ''[[Gott mit uns]]''<br/>{{small|"God with us"}} |national_anthem = {{plainlist| * ''(none official)'' * "[[Heil dir im Siegerkranz]]" (Imperial) * "[[Deutschlandlied]]" (popular) * "[[Die Wacht am Rhein]]" (unofficial) }} |capital = Berlin |common_languages = ;Official language :[[German language|German]] ;Unofficial minority languages :[[Danish language|Danish]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Saterland Frisian language|Frisian]], [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ;Colonial languages :[[Bantu languages|Bantu]], [[Oshiwambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] (African Colonies) :[[Chinese language|Chinese]] (Tsingtao & Jiaozhou bay) :[[Papuan languages]] (German New Guinea) :[[Samoan language|Samoan]] (German Samoa) |government_type = Constitutional monarchy |title_leader = [[German Emperor|Emperor]] |leader1 = [[William I, German Emperor|William I]] |year_leader1 = 1871–1888 |leader2 = [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]] |year_leader2 = 1888 |leader3 = [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] |year_leader3 = 1888–1918 |title_deputy = [[List of Chancellors of Germany|Chancellor]] |deputy1 = [[Otto von Bismarck]] (first) |year_deputy1 = 1871–1890 |deputy2 = [[Friedrich Ebert]] (last) |year_deputy2 = 8–9 Nov 1918 |legislature = [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] |house1 = [[Reichsrat (Germany)|Reichsrat]] |type_house1 = State council |stat_year1 = 1871 |religion = {{plainlist| * [[Lutherans]]~60% * [[Roman Catholics]]~40% }} |stat_pop1 = 41058792 |stat_year2 = 1890 |stat_pop2 = 49428470 |stat_year4 = 1910 |stat_pop4 = 64925993 |stat_area4 = 540857.54 |currency = {{plainlist| * [[Vereinsthaler]], [[South German gulden]], [[Bremen thaler]], [[Hamburg mark]], [[French franc]] {{small|(until 1873, together)}} * [[German gold mark|Goldmark]] {{small|(1873–1914)}} * [[German Papiermark|Papiermark]] {{small|(after 1914)}} }} |footnotes = Area and population not including colonial possessions |today = }} <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="font-size:85%;overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox former country |native_name = ''Deutsches Reich'' |conventional_long_name = German Empire |common_name = Germany |iso3166code = omit |status = Empire |era = [[New Imperialism]]/[[World War I|WWI]] |event_start = [[Unification of Germany|Unification]] |date_start = 18 January |year_start = 1871 |event_end = [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|Republic declared]] |date_end = 9 November |year_end = 1918 |event_post = Formal abdication |date_post = 28 November 1918 |p1 = North German Confederation |flag_p1 = Flag of the German Empire.svg |p2 = Kingdom of Bavaria |flag_p2 = Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg |p3 = Kingdom of Württemberg |flag_p3 = Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg |p4 = Grand Duchy of Baden |flag_p4 = Flagge Großherzogtum Baden (1871-1891).svg |p5 = Grand Duchy of Hesse |flag_p5 = Flagge_Großherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg |p6 = Alsace-Lorraine |flag_p6 = Flag of France.svg |s1 = Weimar Republic |s2 = Republic of Alsace-Lorraine |s3 = Free City of Danzig |s4 = Second Polish Republic |s5 = Klaipėda Region |s6 = Saar (League of Nations) |s7 = Hlučín Region |s8 = South Jutland County{{!}}Northern Schleswig |s9 = Eupen-Malmedy |flag_s1 = Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg |flag_s2 = Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg |flag_s3 = Gdansk flag.svg |flag_s4 = Flag of Poland.svg |flag_s5 = Flag of Lithuania 1918-1940.svg |flag_s6 = Flag of Saar 1920-1935.svg |flag_s7 = Flag of Bohemia.svg |flag_s8 = Flag of Denmark.svg |flag_s9 = Flag of Belgium.svg |image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.svg |flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (black, white, red) |flag_caption = Flag of the German Empire |image_coat = Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichsadler 1889.svg |symbol_type = Imperial Coat of arms |coat_alt = Shield containing a black, one-headed, rightward-looking eagle with red beak, tongue and claws. On its breast is a shield with another eagle. Over its head is an imperial crown with two crossing ribbons. |image_map = German Empire, Wilhelminian third version.svg |image_map_alt = Located in north central Europe, containing modern Germany plus much of modern Poland |image_map_caption = Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to [[World War I]] |national_motto = ''[[Gott mit uns]]''<br/>{{small|"God with us"}} |national_anthem = {{plainlist| * ''(none official)'' * "[[Heil dir im Siegerkranz]]" (Imperial) * "[[Deutschlandlied]]" (popular) * "[[Die Wacht am Rhein]]" (unofficial) }} |capital = Berlin |common_languages = ;Official language :[[German language|German]] ;Unofficial minority languages :[[Danish language|Danish]], [[French language|French]], [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Saterland Frisian language|Frisian]], [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]], [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ;Colonial languages :[[Bantu languages|Bantu]], [[Oshiwambo]], [[Afrikaans]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]] (African Colonies) :[[Chinese language|Chinese]] (Tsingtao & Jiaozhou bay) :[[Papuan languages]] (German New Guinea) :[[Samoan language|Samoan]] (German Samoa) |government_type = Constitutional monarchy |title_leader = [[German Emperor|Emperor]] |leader1 = [[William I, German Emperor|William I]] |year_leader1 = 1871–1888 |leader2 = [[Frederick III, German Emperor|Frederick III]] |year_leader2 = 1888 |leader3 = [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] |year_leader3 = 1888–1918 |title_deputy = [[List of Chancellors of Germany|Chancellor]] |deputy1 = [[Otto von Bismarck]] (first) |year_deputy1 = 1871–1890 |deputy2 = [[Friedrich Ebert]] (last) |year_deputy2 = 8–9 Nov 1918 |legislature = [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] |house1 = [[Reichsrat (Germany)|Reichsrat]] |type_house1 = State council |stat_year1 = 1871 |religion = {{plainlist| * [[Lutherans]]~60% * [[Roman Catholics]]~40% }} |stat_pop1 = 41058792 |stat_year2 = 1890 |stat_pop2 = 49428470 |stat_year4 = 1910 |stat_pop4 = 64925993 |stat_area4 = 540857.54 |currency = {{plainlist| * [[Vereinsthaler]], [[South German gulden]], [[Bremen thaler]], [[Hamburg mark]], [[French franc]] {{small|(until 1873, together)}} * [[German gold mark|Goldmark]] {{small|(1873–1914)}} * [[German Papiermark|Papiermark]] {{small|(after 1914)}} }} |footnotes = Area and population not including colonial possessions |today = }} </syntaxhighlight> == Errors == If the template generates errors when calculating data for the Gini or HDI fields, it will add the article to [[:Category:Country articles requiring maintenance]]. This only happens if the page is in the [[WP:MAINSPACE|main article space]], not any other [[WP:NAMESPACE|namespaces]]. == Microformat == {{UF-hcard-place}} == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Country articles requiring maintenance}} * {{clc|Pages using infobox igihugu with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using infobox igihugu with syntax problems}} * {{clc|Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using infobox igihugu or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters}} * {{clc|Former country articles using status text with Colony or Exile}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} {{collapse top|title=TemplateData}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template produces an infobox for countries that covers their major attributes such as their flags, ethnic makeup, and political system.", "format": "{{_\n| ______________________ = _\n}}\n", "params": { "conventional_long_name": { "label": "Conventional long name", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Formal or official full name of the country in English. This entry should not be enclosed in brackets.", "example": "The United States of America" }, "common_name": {}, "linking_name": {}, "native_name": { "label": "Native name", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "{{native name|Bundesrepublik Deutschland}}", "description": "Country's name (usually full name) in its native language, hence in italics (double quotemarks). The template {{native name}} should be used with this parameter to automatically italicize the text." }, "name": { "label": "Geopolitical organisation name", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of the geopolitical organisation in English." }, "image_flag": { "label": "Flag", "type": "wiki-file-name", "required": false, "example": "Flag of Iceland.svg", "description": "File name of an image file on Wikipedia or on Commons that contains the country's current flag. Do not enclose this entry in double brackets and do not give it a prefix such as File:" }, "flag_width": { "label": "Flag width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "If the default widths provided for the flag and coat-of-arms/symbol images produce an unsatisfactory result, use this to specify the width to be used for the flag image; the remaining width is then assigned to the coat-of-arms/symbol (if included). Can be done as a % or px." }, "alt_flag": { "label": "Flag alt text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alternate text for flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)." }, "flag_border": { "label": "Flag border", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Set to no to disable border around the flag." }, "flag_caption": { "label": "Flag caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Use this parameter to enter a caption for the flag, if one is necessary. Do not end this entry with a period.", "example": "1992 version of the flag prior to the country's dissolution" }, "image_flag2": { "label": "Second flag", "type": "wiki-file-name", "required": false, "example": "Secondflag of Namibia.svg", "description": "If a country has a second flag— perhaps because of an ongoing civil war or a dispute over sovereignty— you can provide the file name of that second flag in this parameter. Do not include the prefix File:, and do not enclose it in double brackets." }, "alt_flag2": { "label": "Second flag alt text", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Alt text for second flag (text shown when pointer hovers over flag)." }, "flag2_border": { "label": "Second flag border", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Set to no to disable border around the flag." }, "image_coat": { "label": "Coat of arms", "type": "wiki-file-name", "aliases": [ "image_symbol" ], "example": "Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg" }, "symbol_width": { "label": "Symbol width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Symbol image's width.", "default": "85px" }, "alt_coat": { "label": "Coat of arms alt text", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "alt_symbol", "coat_alt" ], "required": false, "description": "Alt text for coat of arms." }, "symbol_type": { "label": "Symbol type", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "If not a coat of arms.", "example": "emblem, seal, etc" }, "symbol_type_article": { "label": "Symbol type article", "type": "string", "description": "An article about the type of symbol of the country" }, "text_symbol": { "label": "Text symbol", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "For other types of text symbol.", "example": "''[hymn name]''" }, "text_symbol_type": { "label": "Text symbol type", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "For other types of text symbol." }, "other_symbol": { "label": "Other symbol", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Use if a further symbol exists." }, "other_symbol_type": { "label": "Other symbol type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "national_motto": { "label": "National motto", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "{{lang|de|''{{lang|de|[[Das Lied der Deutschen|Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit]]}}''}}", "description": "In inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists. Can also be used with the {{lang}} template and correct two-letter language code to designate the language of the motto where not provided in English." }, "motto": { "label": "Motto", "type": "string", "required": false }, "national_anthem": { "label": "National anthem", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "In inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists." }, "anthem": { "label": "Anthem", "type": "string", "required": false }, "royal_anthem": { "label": "Royal anthem", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "In inverted commas and wikilinked if link exists." }, "image_map": { "label": "Map", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "LocationCountry.svg" }, "map_width": { "label": "Map width", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Map image's width.", "default": "250px" }, "alt_map": { "label": "Map alt text", "type": "string", "required": false }, "map_caption": { "label": "Map caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption to place below map." }, "image_map2": { "label": "Map 2", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Another map, if required." }, "map2_width": { "label": "Map 2 width", "type": "string", "required": false }, "alt_map2": { "label": "Map 2 alt text", "type": "string", "required": false }, "map_caption2": { "label": "Map 2 caption", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Caption to place below second map." }, "image_map3": {}, "map3_width": {}, "alt_map3": {}, "map_caption3": {}, "capital": { "label": "Capital", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists." }, "capital_type": { "label": "Capital type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "coordinates": { "label": "Coordinates", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The geographic coordinates of the capital." }, "latd": { "label": "Latitude degrees", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The degrees of the capital's latitude." }, "latm": { "label": "Latitude minutes", "type": "string", "description": "The minutes of the capital's latitude." }, "latNS": { "label": "Latitude NS", "type": "string", "description": "The direction of the capital's latitude." }, "longd": { "label": "Longitude degrees", "type": "string", "description": "The degrees of the capital's longitude." }, "longm": { "label": "Longitude minutes", "type": "string", "description": "The minutes of the capital's longitude." }, "longEW": { "label": "Longitude EW", "type": "string", "description": "The direction of the capital's longitude." }, "admin_center": { "label": "Administrative center", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Location/s of administrative center/s." }, "admin_center_type": { "label": "Administrative center type", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "Administrative center" }, "capital2": { "label": "Capital 2", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of country/territory's capital, wikilinked if link exists." }, "capital_type2": { "label": "Capital 2 type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "admin_center2": { "label": "Administrative center 2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "admin_center_type2": { "label": "Administrative center 2 type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "largest_city": { "label": "Largest city", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of country/territory's largest city. Use \"capital\" (without quotemarks) if it's the capital." }, "largest_settlement": { "label": "Largest settlement", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of largest settlement if not a city." }, "largest_settlement_type": { "label": "Largest settlement type", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city." }, "official_languages": { "label": "Official languages", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Languages recognised in legislation, constitution, etc." }, "national_languages": { "label": "National languages", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Country/territory-wide languages recognised but not necessarily in country/territory-wide law, etc." }, "regional_languages": { "label": "Regional languages", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Languages recognised or associated with particular regions within the country/territory." }, "languages_type": { "label": "Languages type", "type": "string", "description": "Use to specify a further type of language, if not official, national or regional." }, "languages_sub": { "label": "Languages sub", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Is this further type of language a sub-item of the previous non-sub type?", "example": "'yes' or 'no'" }, "languages": { "label": "Languages", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Languages of the further type." }, "languages2_type": { "label": "2nd languages type", "type": "string", "description": "Use to specify a 2nd further type of language, if not official, national or regional." }, "languages2_sub": { "label": "Languages 2 sub", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Is the second alternative type of languages a sub-item of the previous non-sub type?", "example": "'yes or 'no'" }, "languages2": { "label": "Languages 2", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Languages of the second further type." }, "ethnic_groups": { "label": "Ethnic groups", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The primary ethnic groups of the country", "example": "{{unbulleted list | 68.8% [[Bumiputera (Malaysia)|Bumiputera]] | 23.2% [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] | &nbsp;7.0% [[Malaysian Indian|Indian]] | &nbsp;1.0% Others }}" }, "ethnic_groups_ref": { "label": "Ethnic groups reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Reference, in <ref> format, of ethnic composition" }, "ethnic_groups_year": { "label": "Ethnic groups year", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year the ethnic group statistic is from", "example": "2017" }, "religion": { "label": "Religions", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "List of religious affiliations in {{ublist}} format", "example": "{{ublist|list_style=line-height:1.3em; |class=nowrap | 33.2% [[Buddhism in Singapore|Buddhism]]...}}" }, "religion_ref": { "label": "Religions reference", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Reference, in <ref> format, of religious composition" }, "demonym": { "label": "Demonym", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Name of residents of this country", "example": "Singaporean", "suggested": true }, "org_type": { "label": "Organization type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "membership": { "label": "membership", "type": "string", "required": false }, "membership_type": { "label": "membership_type", "type": "string", "required": false }, "government_type": { "label": "Type of government", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "The type of government, e.g. federal republic", "example": "[[Monarchy]]" }, "politics_link": { "label": "Politics link", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_title1": { "label": "Leader 1 title", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Title of principal leader", "example": "[[President of Singapore|President]]" }, "leader_name1": { "label": "Leader 1 name", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Name of principal leader", "example": "[[Halimah Yacob]]" }, "leader_title2": { "label": "Leader 2 title", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Title of 2nd leader", "example": "[[Prime Minister of Singapore|Prime Minister]]" }, "leader_name2": { "label": "Leader 2 name", "type": "line", "description": "Name of 2nd leader", "example": "[[Lee Hsien Loong]]" }, "leader_title3": { "label": "Leader 3 title", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Title of 3rd leader", "example": "[[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Ministers]]" }, "leader_name3": { "label": "Leader 3 name", "type": "line", "description": "Name of 3rd leader", "example": "[[Teo Chee Hean]]<br>[[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]]" }, "leader_title4": { "label": "Leader 4 title", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Title of the 4th leader", "example": "[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]]" }, "leader_name4": { "label": "Leader 4 name", "type": "line", "description": "Name of the 4th leader" }, "leader_title5": { "label": "leader_title5", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name5": { "label": "Leader name 5", "type": "string" }, "leader_title6": { "label": "Leader title 6", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name6": { "label": "Leader name 6", "type": "string" }, "leader_title7": { "label": "Leader title7", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name7": { "label": "Leader name 7", "type": "string" }, "leader_title8": { "label": "Leader title 8", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name8": { "label": "Leader name 8", "type": "string" }, "leader_title9": { "label": "Leader title 9", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name9": { "label": "Leader name 9", "type": "string" }, "leader_title10": { "label": "Leader title 10", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name10": { "label": "Leader name 10", "type": "string" }, "leader_title11": { "label": "Leader title 11", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name11": { "label": "Leader name 11", "type": "string" }, "leader_title12": { "label": "Leader title 12", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name12": { "label": "Leader name 12", "type": "string" }, "leader_title13": { "label": "Leader title 13", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name13": { "label": "Leader name 13", "type": "string" }, "leader_title14": { "label": "Leader title 14", "type": "string", "required": false }, "leader_name14": { "label": "Leader name 14", "type": "string" }, "legislature": { "label": "Legislature", "type": "line", "description": "Name of, and link to, the country's national legislature", "example": "[[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]]" }, "upper_house": { "description": "Upper house of the country or organization's legislature", "type": "string", "example": "[[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]" }, "lower_house": { "description": "Lower house of the country or organization's legislature", "label": "Lower house", "type": "string", "example": "[[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]" }, "sovereignty_type": { "label": "Sovereignty type", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Type of sovereignty this country has", "example": "Independence" }, "sovereignty_note": { "label": "Sovereignty note", "type": "content", "required": false, "description": "Note about this country's sovereignty", "example": "from the [[United Kingdom]]" }, "established": { "label": "established", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event1": { "label": "Establishment event 1", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date1": { "label": "Establishment date 1", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event2": { "label": "Establishment event 2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date2": { "label": "Establishment date 2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event3": { "label": "Establishment event 3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date3": { "label": "Establishment date 3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event4": { "label": "Establishment event 4", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date4": { "label": "established_date4", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event5": { "label": "Establishment event 5", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date5": { "label": "established_date5", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event6": { "label": "established_event6", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date6": { "label": "established_date6", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event7": { "label": "established_event7", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date7": { "label": "established_date7", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event8": { "label": "established_event8", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date8": { "label": "established_date8", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event9": { "label": "established_event9", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date9": { "label": "established_date9", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event10": { "label": "established_event10", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date10": { "label": "established_date10", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event11": { "label": "established_event11", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date11": { "label": "established_date11", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_event12": { "label": "established_event12", "type": "string", "required": false }, "established_date12": { "label": "established_date12", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_km2": { "label": "Land area (km²)", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Land area of the country in square kilometers", "example": "722.5", "suggested": true }, "area_link": { "label": "area_link", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_label": { "label": "area_label", "type": "string", "required": false }, "FR_foot4": { "label": "FR_foot4", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "area_footnote": { "label": "area_footnote", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_rank": { "label": "Area rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries of land area", "example": "174th", "suggested": true }, "area_sq_mi": { "label": "Land area (mi²)", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Land area of the country in square miles", "example": "290" }, "percent_water": { "label": "percent_water", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_label2": { "label": "area_label2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_data2": { "label": "area_data2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_label3": { "label": "area_label3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "area_data3": { "label": "area_data3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "FR_metropole": { "label": "FR_metropole", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_foot2": { "label": "FR_foot2", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_IGN_area_km2": { "label": "FR_IGN_area_km2", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_IGN_area_rank": { "label": "FR_IGN_area_rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_IGN_area_sq_mi": { "label": "FR_IGN_area_sq_mi", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_foot3": { "label": "FR_foot3", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_cadastre_area_km2": { "label": "FR_cadastre_area_km2", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_cadastre_area_rank": { "label": "FR_cadastre_area_rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi": { "label": "FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "population_estimate": { "label": "Population estimate", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "An estimate of the country's population", "example": "24,000,000" }, "population_census": { "label": "Population census", "type": "string" }, "population_link": { "label": "Population link", "type": "url" }, "population_estimate_year": { "label": "Population estimate year", "type": "number", "description": "The year the population estimate is from", "example": "2018" }, "population_estimate_rank": { "label": "Population estimate rank", "type": "string", "description": "Rank among countries in estimated population", "example": "3rd" }, "population_label2": { "label": "population_label2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "population_data2": { "label": "Population data 2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "population_label3": { "label": "Population label 3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "population_data3": { "label": "Population data 3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "population_census_year": { "label": "Population census year", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year the population census statistics are from", "example": "2010" }, "population_census_rank": { "label": "Population census rank", "type": "string", "description": "Rank among countries in census population", "example": "3rd" }, "population_density_km2": { "label": "Population density per km²", "type": "number", "example": "20,212", "description": "Population density per square kilometer" }, "population_density_sq_mi": { "label": "Population density per mi²", "type": "number", "description": "Population density per square mile", "example": "20,212" }, "pop_den_footnote": { "label": "Population density footnote", "type": "string", "description": "footnote about the population density statistic" }, "population_density_rank": { "label": "Population density rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries in population density", "example": "3rd" }, "FR_metropole_population": { "label": "FR_metropole_population", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "FR_total_population_estimate_year": { "label": "FR_total_population_estimate_year", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "FR_foot": { "label": "FR_foot", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "FR_total_population_estimate": { "label": "FR_total_population_estimate", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "FR_total_population_estimate_rank": { "label": "FR_total_population_estimate_rank", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank": { "label": "FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank", "type": "string", "deprecated": true }, "FR_foot5": { "label": "FR_foot5", "type": "string", "required": false, "deprecated": true }, "GDP_PPP": { "label": "GDP (PPP)", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Gross domestic product (purchasing power parity)", "example": "$554.855 billion", "suggested": true }, "GDP_PPP_year": { "label": "GDP (PPP) year cited", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year the GDP (PPP) statistic is cited from", "example": "2018", "suggested": true }, "GDP_PPP_rank": { "label": "GDP (PPP) rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries for GDP PPP", "example": "39th" }, "GDP_PPP_per_capita": { "label": "GDP_PPP_per_capita", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Gross domestic product (purchasing power parity) per capita", "example": "$98,014" }, "GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank": { "label": "GDP (PPP) per capita rank", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries for GDP PPP per capita", "example": "3rd" }, "GDP_nominal": { "label": "GDP (nominal)", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Nominal GDP of the country" }, "GDP_nominal_year": { "label": "GDP (nominal) year", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year cited for the country's nominal GDP statistic" }, "GDP_nominal_rank": { "label": "GDP (nominal) rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries for nominal GDP", "example": "41st" }, "GDP_nominal_per_capita": { "label": "GDP (nominal) per capita", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Nominal GDP per capita in the country", "example": "$61,766" }, "GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank": { "label": "GDP (nominal) per capita rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries for nominal GDP per capita", "example": "8th" }, "Gini": { "label": "Gini index", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Gini index of the country", "example": "46.4" }, "Gini_year": { "label": "Gini index year cited", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year the gini index statistic is cited for", "example": "2014" }, "Gini_change": { "label": "Gini change", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "\"increase\" or \"decrease\" (over last year)", "example": "increase" }, "Gini_ref": { "label": "Gini index reference", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Reference for cited Gini index statistic" }, "Gini_rank": { "label": "Gini rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank of Gini indices", "example": "30th" }, "HDI": { "label": "Human development index", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "0.932", "suggested": true, "description": "The country's human development index (HDI)" }, "HDI_year": { "label": "Human Development Index year", "type": "number", "required": false, "description": "Year to which the HDI statistic refers", "example": "2017", "suggested": true }, "HDI_change": { "label": "HDI change", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "\"increase\" or \"decrease\" from previous year", "example": "increase" }, "HDI_ref": { "label": "Human Development Index reference", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Reference for HDI statistic" }, "HDI_rank": { "label": "Human development index rank", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "Rank among countries for HDI score", "example": "9th" }, "currency": { "label": "Currency", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "National/official currency name and article link", "example": "[[Singapore dollar]]" }, "currency_code": { "label": "Currency code", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "Currency code of the official currency", "example": "SGD" }, "time_zone": { "label": "Time zone", "type": "line", "required": false, "description": "National time zone(s)", "example": "[[Singapore Standard Time|SST]]" }, "utc_offset": { "label": "UTC offsets", "type": "string", "example": "−4 to −12, +10, +11" }, "utc_offset_DST": { "label": "UTF offsets (DST)", "type": "string", "example": "−4 to −10" }, "DST_note": { "label": "DST note", "type": "string", "example": "{{efn|name=\"time\"}}" }, "time_zone_DST": { "label": "Time zones (DST)", "type": "string", "required": false }, "DST": { "label": "Daylight savings time", "type": "string", "required": false }, "antipodes": { "label": "antipodes", "type": "string", "required": false }, "date_format": { "label": "Date format", "type": "string", "required": false }, "drives_on": { "label": "drives on", "type": "string", "required": false }, "rail gauge": { "label": "Rail gauge", "type": "string", "required": false }, "calling_code": { "label": "Calling code", "type": "string", "example": "+1" }, "patron_saint": { "label": "Patron saint", "aliases": [ "patron_saints" ], "type": "string", "required": false }, "iso3166code": { "label": "ISO 3166 code", "type": "string", "description": "ISO 3166 code for the country", "example": "US" }, "cctld": { "label": "Country code top level domain", "type": "string", "example": ".se" }, "official_website": { "label": "official_website", "type": "string", "required": false, "description": "For geopolitical entities: do not use government website (e.g. usa.gov) for countries (e.g. [[United States]])." }, "footnote_a": { "label": "footnote_a", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_b": { "label": "footnote_b", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_c": { "label": "footnote_c", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_d": { "label": "footnote_d", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_e": { "label": "footnote_e", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_f": { "label": "footnote_f", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_g": { "label": "footnote_g", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote_h": { "label": "footnote_h", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote1": { "label": "footnote1", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote2": { "label": "footnote2", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote3": { "label": "footnote3", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote4": { "label": "footnote4", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote5": { "label": "footnote5", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote6": { "label": "footnote6", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote7": { "label": "footnote7", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnote8": { "label": "footnote8", "type": "string", "required": false }, "footnotes": { "label": "footnotes", "type": "string", "required": false }, "navbar": { "label": "navbar", "type": "string", "required": false }, "micronation": {}, "status": { "type": "line" }, "status_text": { "type": "line" }, "empire": {}, "year_end": { "type": "number" }, "year_exile_start": { "type": "number" }, "year_exile_end": { "type": "number" }, "life_span": { "type": "line" }, "year_start": { "type": "number" }, "flag_size": { "type": "line" }, "flag_alt": { "type": "string" }, "flag_alt2": { "type": "string" }, "flag_type": { "type": "string" }, "coa_size": { "type": "line" }, "englishmotto": { "type": "string", "label": "Motto in English", "description": "The country's motto translated into English" }, "image_map_size": { "type": "line" }, "image_map_alt": { "type": "string" }, "image_map_caption": { "type": "content" }, "image_map2_size": { "type": "line" }, "image_map2_alt": { "type": "string" }, "image_map2_caption": { "type": "content" }, "loctext": { "type": "string" }, "capital_exile": { "type": "string" }, "recognized_languages": { "aliases": [ "recognised_languages" ], "type": "content", "label": "Recognized languages", "description": "Recognized languages of the country, possibly in list format" }, "recognized_national_languages": { "aliases": [ "recognised_national_languages" ], "type": "content", "label": "Recognized national languages", "description": "Recognized national languages of the country, possibly in list format" }, "recognized_regional_languages": { "aliases": [ "recognised_regional_languages" ], "type": "content", "label": "Recognized regional languages", "description": "Recognized regional languages of the country, possibly in list format" }, "common_languages": { "type": "content", "label": "Common languages", "description": "Common languages of the country, possibly in list format", "example": "{{ublist|[[English language|English]]|[[Spanish language|Spanish]]|[[Chinese language|Chinese]]}}" }, "religion_year": { "type": "number", "label": "Religion statistic year", "description": "Year the religion statistic is from", "example": "2015" }, "leader_title15": { "type": "line" }, "leader_name15": { "type": "line" }, "title_leader": { "type": "line", "label": "Leader's title", "description": "Title of the country's leader", "example": "[[President of the United States|President]]" }, "year_leader1": { "type": "line", "label": "Leader 1 years", "description": "Years the first leader reigned", "example": "1776-1795" }, "leader1": { "type": "line", "label": "Leader 1", "description": "The first leader of the country", "example": "[[George Washington]]" }, "year_leader2": { "type": "line" }, "leader2": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader3": { "type": "line" }, "leader3": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader4": { "type": "line" }, "leader4": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader5": { "type": "line" }, "leader5": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader6": { "type": "line" }, "leader6": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader7": { "type": "line" }, "leader7": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader8": { "type": "line" }, "leader8": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader9": { "type": "line" }, "leader9": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader10": { "type": "line" }, "leader10": { "type": "line" }, "year_leader11": { "type": "line", "label": "Leader 11 years", "description": "Year of leader 11", "example": "1980-1987" }, "leader11": { "type": "line" }, "title_representative": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative title", "description": "Title of the country's representative", "example": "[[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]]" }, "year_representative1": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 1 years", "description": "Year of representative 1", "example": "1492-1506" }, "representative1": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 1", "description": "First representative" }, "year_representative2": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 2 years", "description": "Year of representative 2", "example": "1552-1580" }, "representative2": { "type": "line" }, "year_representative3": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 3 years", "description": "Year of representative 3", "example": "1652-1666" }, "representative3": { "type": "line" }, "year_representative4": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 4 year", "description": "Year of representative 4", "example": "1652-1666" }, "representative4": { "type": "line" }, "year_representative5": { "type": "line", "label": "Representative 5 years", "description": "Year of representative 5", "example": "1652-1666" }, "representative5": { "type": "line" }, "title_deputy": { "type": "line" }, "year_deputy1": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 1 years", "description": "Years of the 1st deputy", "example": "2006-2009" }, "deputy1": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 1", "description": "First deputy" }, "year_deputy2": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 2 years", "description": "Years of the 2nd deputy", "example": "2009-2011" }, "deputy2": { "type": "line" }, "year_deputy3": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 3 years", "description": "Years of the 3rd deputy", "example": "2011-2013" }, "deputy3": { "type": "line" }, "year_deputy4": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 4 years", "description": "Years of the 4th deputy", "example": "2013-2016" }, "deputy4": { "type": "line" }, "year_deputy5": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 5 years", "description": "Years of the 5th deputy", "example": "2016-2018" }, "deputy5": { "type": "line" }, "year_deputy6": { "type": "line", "label": "Deputy 6 years", "description": "Years of the 6th deputy", "example": "2018-" }, "deputy6": { "type": "line" }, "type_house1": { "type": "line" }, "house1": { "type": "line" }, "type_house2": { "type": "line" }, "house2": { "type": "line" }, "event_pre": { "type": "line" }, "established_event13": { "label": "Establishment event 13", "type": "line" }, "established_date13": { "label": "Establishment date 13", "type": "date" }, "established_event14": { "type": "line" }, "established_date14": { "type": "line" }, "established_event15": { "type": "line" }, "established_date15": { "type": "line" }, "event_start": { "label": "Starting event", "description": "The foundational event of the country", "example": "Established", "type": "string" }, "date_pre": {}, "date_start": { "label": "Date established", "description": "Date the country, dynasty or organization was established (date of event_start)", "example": "601 CE", "type": "string" }, "event1": { "label": "Event 1", "description": "First significant event", "example": "Signing of the [[Chanyuan Treaty]] with [[Liao dynasty|Liao]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event1": { "label": "Event 1 date", "description": "Date of the first significant event", "example": "601", "type": "date" }, "event2": { "label": "Event 2", "description": "Second significant event", "example": "[[Alliance Conducted at Sea|Alliance with Jin]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event2": { "label": "Event 2 date", "description": "Date of the second significant event", "type": "string" }, "event3": { "label": "Event 3", "description": "Third significant event", "example": "[[Jingkang Incident]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event3": {}, "event4": { "label": "Event 4", "description": "Fourth significant event", "example": "Beginning of [[Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty|Mongol invasion]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event4": {}, "event5": { "label": "Event 5", "description": "Fifth significant event", "example": "Fall of [[Hangzhou|Lin'an]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event5": {}, "event6": { "label": "Event 6", "description": "Sixth significant event", "example": "[[Krystallnacht]]", "type": "string" }, "date_event6": {}, "event_end": { "label": "Event ending the country", "description": "The event that caused the country to stop existing or transition, if applicable", "example": "[[Battle of Yamen]] (end of dynasty)", "type": "string" }, "date_end": { "label": "End date", "description": "Date the country stopped existing or transitioned, if applicable", "example": "1433", "type": "date" }, "event_post": {}, "date_post": {}, "area_ha": {}, "area_acre": {}, "area_land_km2": {}, "area_land_ha": {}, "area_land_sq_mi": {}, "area_land_acre": {}, "area_water_km2": {}, "area_water_ha": {}, "area_water_sq_mi": {}, "area_water_acre": {}, "stat_area1": {}, "stat_area2": {}, "stat_area3": {}, "stat_area4": {}, "stat_area5": {}, "area_land_footnote": {}, "area_water_footnote": {}, "stat_year1": {}, "ref_area1": {}, "stat_year2": {}, "ref_area2": {}, "stat_year3": {}, "ref_area3": {}, "stat_year4": {}, "ref_area4": {}, "stat_year5": { "label": "Statistic 5 year", "description": "Year of statistic 5", "example": "1933", "type": "number" }, "ref_area5": {}, "stat_pop1": {}, "stat_pop2": {}, "stat_pop3": {}, "stat_pop4": {}, "stat_pop5": {}, "ref_pop1": {}, "ref_pop2": {}, "ref_pop3": {}, "ref_pop4": {}, "ref_pop5": {}, "nummembers": {}, "p1": {}, "s1": {}, "flag_p1": {}, "image_p1": {}, "border_p1": {}, "flag_p2": {}, "image_p2": {}, "p2": {}, "border_p2": {}, "flag_p3": {}, "image_p3": {}, "p3": {}, "border_p3": {}, "flag_p4": {}, "image_p4": {}, "p4": {}, "border_p4": {}, "flag_p5": {}, "image_p5": {}, "p5": {}, "border_p5": {}, "flag_p6": {}, "image_p6": {}, "p6": {}, "border_p6": {}, "flag_p7": {}, "image_p7": {}, "p7": {}, "border_p7": {}, "flag_p8": {}, "image_p8": {}, "p8": {}, "border_p8": {}, "flag_p9": {}, "image_p9": {}, "p9": {}, "border_p9": {}, "flag_p10": {}, "image_p10": {}, "p10": {}, "border_p10": {}, "flag_p11": {}, "image_p11": {}, "p11": {}, "border_p11": {}, "flag_p12": {}, "image_p12": {}, "p12": {}, "border_p12": {}, "flag_p13": {}, "image_p13": {}, "p13": {}, "border_p13": {}, "flag_p14": {}, "image_p14": {}, "p14": {}, "border_p14": {}, "flag_p15": {}, "image_p15": {}, "p15": {}, "border_p15": {}, "flag_s1": {}, "image_s1": {}, "border_s1": {}, "flag_s2": {}, "image_s2": {}, "s2": {}, "border_s2": {}, "flag_s3": {}, "image_s3": {}, "s3": {}, "border_s3": {}, "flag_s4": {}, "image_s4": {}, "s4": {}, "border_s4": {}, "flag_s5": {}, "image_s5": {}, "s5": {}, "border_s5": {}, "flag_s6": {}, "image_s6": {}, "s6": {}, "border_s6": {}, "flag_s7": {}, "image_s7": {}, "s7": {}, "border_s7": {}, "flag_s8": {}, "image_s8": {}, "s8": {}, "border_s8": {}, "flag_s9": {}, "image_s9": {}, "s9": {}, "border_s9": {}, "flag_s10": {}, "image_s10": {}, "s10": {}, "border_s10": {}, "flag_s11": {}, "image_s11": {}, "s11": {}, "border_s11": {}, "flag_s12": {}, "image_s12": {}, "s12": {}, "border_s12": {}, "flag_s13": {}, "image_s13": {}, "s13": {}, "border_s13": {}, "flag_s14": {}, "image_s14": {}, "s14": {}, "border_s14": {}, "flag_s15": {}, "image_s15": {}, "s15": {}, "border_s15": {}, "today": { "label": "Today part of", "description": "For former countries, a list of countries of which the former country's territories are now part, if no more than four.", "example": "{{plainlist| *[[Czech Republic]] *[[Denmark]] *[[France]] *[[Germany]] }}", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "footnotes2": {}, "symbol_caption": {}, "nested": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "conventional_long_name", "common_name", "linking_name", "native_name", "name", "image_flag", "flag_width", "alt_flag", "flag_border", "flag_caption", "image_flag2", "alt_flag2", "flag2_border", "image_coat", "symbol_width", "alt_coat", "symbol_type", "symbol_type_article", "text_symbol", "text_symbol_type", "other_symbol", "other_symbol_type", "national_motto", "motto", "national_anthem", "anthem", "royal_anthem", "image_map", "map_width", "alt_map", "map_caption", "image_map2", "map2_width", "alt_map2", "map_caption2", "image_map3", "map3_width", "alt_map3", "map_caption3", "capital", "capital_type", "coordinates", "latd", "latm", "latNS", "longd", "longm", "longEW", "admin_center", "admin_center_type", "capital2", "capital_type2", "admin_center2", "admin_center_type2", "largest_city", "largest_settlement", "largest_settlement_type", "official_languages", "national_languages", "regional_languages", "languages_type", "languages_sub", "languages", "languages2_type", "languages2_sub", "languages2", "ethnic_groups", "ethnic_groups_ref", "ethnic_groups_year", "religion", "religion_ref", "demonym", "org_type", "membership", "membership_type", "government_type", "politics_link", "leader_title1", "leader_name1", "leader_title2", "leader_name2", "leader_title3", "leader_name3", "leader_title4", "leader_name4", "leader_title5", "leader_name5", "leader_title6", "leader_name6", "leader_title7", "leader_name7", "leader_title8", "leader_name8", "leader_title9", "leader_name9", "leader_title10", "leader_name10", "leader_title11", "leader_name11", "leader_title12", "leader_name12", "leader_title13", "leader_name13", "leader_title14", "leader_name14", "legislature", "upper_house", "lower_house", "sovereignty_type", "sovereignty_note", "established", "established_event1", "established_date1", "established_event2", "established_date2", "established_event3", "established_date3", "established_event4", "established_date4", "established_event5", "established_date5", "established_event6", "established_date6", "established_event7", "established_date7", "established_event8", "established_date8", "established_event9", "established_date9", "established_event10", "established_date10", "established_event11", "established_date11", "established_event12", "established_date12", "area_km2", "area_link", "area_label", "FR_foot4", "area_footnote", "area_rank", "area_sq_mi", "percent_water", "area_label2", "area_data2", "area_label3", "area_data3", "FR_metropole", "FR_foot2", "FR_IGN_area_km2", "FR_IGN_area_rank", "FR_IGN_area_sq_mi", "FR_foot3", "FR_cadastre_area_km2", "FR_cadastre_area_rank", "FR_cadastre_area_sq_mi", "population_estimate", "population_census", "population_link", "population_estimate_year", "population_estimate_rank", "population_label2", "population_data2", "population_label3", "population_data3", "population_census_year", "population_census_rank", "population_density_km2", "population_density_sq_mi", "pop_den_footnote", "population_density_rank", "FR_metropole_population", "FR_total_population_estimate_year", "FR_foot", "FR_total_population_estimate", "FR_total_population_estimate_rank", "FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank", "FR_foot5", "GDP_PPP", "GDP_PPP_year", "GDP_PPP_rank", "GDP_PPP_per_capita", "GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank", "GDP_nominal", "GDP_nominal_year", "GDP_nominal_rank", "GDP_nominal_per_capita", "GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank", "Gini", "Gini_year", "Gini_change", "Gini_ref", "Gini_rank", "HDI", "HDI_year", "HDI_change", "HDI_ref", "HDI_rank", "currency", "currency_code", "time_zone", "utc_offset", "utc_offset_DST", "DST_note", "time_zone_DST", "DST", "antipodes", "date_format", "drives_on", "rail gauge", "calling_code", "patron_saint", "iso3166code", "cctld", "official_website", "footnote_a", "footnote_b", "footnote_c", "footnote_d", "footnote_e", "footnote_f", "footnote_g", "footnote_h", "footnote1", "footnote2", "footnote3", "footnote4", "footnote5", "footnote6", "footnote7", "footnote8", "footnotes", "navbar", "micronation", "status", "status_text", "empire", "year_end", "year_exile_start", "year_exile_end", "life_span", "year_start", "flag_size", "flag_alt", "flag_alt2", "flag_type", "coa_size", "englishmotto", "image_map_size", "image_map_alt", "image_map_caption", "image_map2_size", "image_map2_alt", "image_map2_caption", "loctext", "capital_exile", "recognized_languages", "recognized_national_languages", "recognized_regional_languages", "common_languages", "religion_year", "leader_title15", "leader_name15", "title_leader", "year_leader1", "leader1", "year_leader2", "leader2", "year_leader3", "leader3", "year_leader4", "leader4", "year_leader5", "leader5", "year_leader6", "leader6", "year_leader7", "leader7", "year_leader8", "leader8", "year_leader9", "leader9", "year_leader10", "leader10", "year_leader11", "leader11", "title_representative", "year_representative1", "representative1", "year_representative2", "representative2", "year_representative3", "representative3", "year_representative4", "representative4", "year_representative5", "representative5", "title_deputy", "year_deputy1", "deputy1", "year_deputy2", "deputy2", "year_deputy3", "deputy3", "year_deputy4", "deputy4", "year_deputy5", "deputy5", "year_deputy6", "deputy6", "type_house1", "house1", "type_house2", "house2", "established_event13", "established_date13", "established_event14", "established_date14", "established_event15", "established_date15", "event_pre", "date_pre", "event_start", "date_start", "event1", "date_event1", "event2", "date_event2", "event3", "date_event3", "event4", "date_event4", "event5", "date_event5", "event6", "date_event6", "event_end", "date_end", "event_post", "date_post", "area_ha", "area_acre", "area_land_km2", "area_land_ha", "area_land_sq_mi", "area_land_acre", "area_water_km2", "area_water_ha", "area_water_sq_mi", "area_water_acre", "stat_area1", "stat_area2", "stat_area3", "stat_area4", "stat_area5", "area_land_footnote", "area_water_footnote", "stat_year1", "ref_area1", "stat_year2", "ref_area2", "stat_year3", "ref_area3", "stat_year4", "ref_area4", "stat_year5", "ref_area5", "stat_pop1", "stat_pop2", "stat_pop3", "stat_pop4", "stat_pop5", "ref_pop1", "ref_pop2", "ref_pop3", "ref_pop4", "ref_pop5", "nummembers", "p1", "s1", "flag_p1", "image_p1", "border_p1", "flag_p2", "image_p2", "p2", "border_p2", "flag_p3", "image_p3", "p3", "border_p3", "flag_p4", "image_p4", "p4", "border_p4", "flag_p5", "image_p5", "p5", "border_p5", "flag_p6", "image_p6", "p6", "border_p6", "flag_p7", "image_p7", "p7", "border_p7", "flag_p8", "image_p8", "p8", "border_p8", "flag_p9", "image_p9", "p9", "border_p9", "flag_p10", "image_p10", "p10", "border_p10", "flag_p11", "image_p11", "p11", "border_p11", "flag_p12", "image_p12", "p12", "border_p12", "flag_p13", "image_p13", "p13", "border_p13", "flag_p14", "image_p14", "p14", "border_p14", "flag_p15", "image_p15", "p15", "border_p15", "flag_s1", "image_s1", "border_s1", "flag_s2", "image_s2", "s2", "border_s2", "flag_s3", "image_s3", "s3", "border_s3", "flag_s4", "image_s4", "s4", "border_s4", "flag_s5", "image_s5", "s5", "border_s5", "flag_s6", "image_s6", "s6", "border_s6", "flag_s7", "image_s7", "s7", "border_s7", "flag_s8", "image_s8", "s8", "border_s8", "flag_s9", "image_s9", "s9", "border_s9", "flag_s10", "image_s10", "s10", "border_s10", "flag_s11", "image_s11", "s11", "border_s11", "flag_s12", "image_s12", "s12", "border_s12", "flag_s13", "image_s13", "s13", "border_s13", "flag_s14", "image_s14", "s14", "border_s14", "flag_s15", "image_s15", "s15", "border_s15", "today", "footnotes2", "symbol_caption", "nested" ] } </templatedata> {{cob}} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Country infobox templates| ]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 355rh3pd1fw20wy9sylw7jpn9chec25 828 11312 84393 2022-05-19T23:06:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Coordinates Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to replace the functionality of {{Coord}} and related templates. It provides several methods, including {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} : General function formatting and displaying coordinate values. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms }} : Simple function for converting decimal degree values to DMS format. {{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec }} : Simple function for converting DMS format to decimal degree format. {{#invoke:Coordinates | link }} : Export the link used to reach the tools ]] require('Module:No globals') local math_mod = require("Module:Math") local coordinates = {}; local current_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local page_name = mw.uri.encode( current_page.prefixedText, 'WIKI' ); local coord_link = '//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=' .. page_name .. '&params=' local templatestyles = 'Module:Coordinates/styles.css' --[[ Helper function, replacement for {{coord/display/title}} ]] local function displaytitle(s, notes) local l = "[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: " .. s local co = '<span id="coordinates">' .. l .. notes .. '</span>'; return '<span style="font-size: small;">' .. co .. '</span>'; end --[[ Helper function, Replacement for {{coord/display/inline}} ]] local function displayinline(s, notes) return s .. notes end --[[ Helper function, used in detecting DMS formatting ]] local function dmsTest(first, second) if type(first) ~= 'string' or type(second) ~= 'string' then return nil end local s = (first .. second):upper() return s:find('^[NS][EW]$') or s:find('^[EW][NS]$') end --[[ Wrapper function to grab args, see Module:Arguments for this function's documentation. ]] local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { wrappers = 'Template:Coord' }) return coordinates[funcName](args, frame) end end --[[ Helper function, handle optional args. ]] local function optionalArg(arg, supplement) return arg and arg .. supplement or '' end --[[ Formats any error messages generated for display ]] local function errorPrinter(errors) local result = "" for i,v in ipairs(errors) do local errorHTML = '<strong class="error">Coordinates: ' .. v[2] .. '</strong>' result = result .. errorHTML .. "<br />" end return result end --[[ Determine the required CSS class to display coordinates Usually geo-nondefault is hidden by CSS, unless a user has overridden this for himself default is the mode as specificied by the user when calling the {{coord}} template mode is the display mode (dec or dms) that we will need to determine the css class for ]] local function displayDefault(default, mode) if default == "" then default = "dec" end if default == mode then return "geo-default" else return "geo-nondefault" end end --[[ specPrinter Output formatter. Takes the structure generated by either parseDec or parseDMS and formats it for inclusion on Wikipedia. ]] local function specPrinter(args, coordinateSpec) local uriComponents = coordinateSpec["param"] if uriComponents == "" then -- RETURN error, should never be empty or nil return "ERROR param was empty" end if args["name"] then uriComponents = uriComponents .. "&title=" .. mw.uri.encode(coordinateSpec["name"]) end local geodmshtml = '<span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">' .. '<span class="latitude">' .. coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] .. '</span> ' .. '<span class="longitude">' ..coordinateSpec["dms-long"] .. '</span>' .. '</span>' local lat = tonumber( coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] ) or 0 local geodeclat if lat < 0 then -- FIXME this breaks the pre-existing precision geodeclat = tostring(coordinateSpec["dec-lat"]):sub(2) .. "°S" else geodeclat = (coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] or 0) .. "°N" end local long = tonumber( coordinateSpec["dec-long"] ) or 0 local geodeclong if long < 0 then -- FIXME does not handle unicode minus geodeclong = tostring(coordinateSpec["dec-long"]):sub(2) .. "°W" else geodeclong = (coordinateSpec["dec-long"] or 0) .. "°E" end local geodechtml = '<span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">' .. geodeclat .. ' ' .. geodeclong .. '</span>' local geonumhtml = '<span class="geo">' .. coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] .. '; ' .. coordinateSpec["dec-long"] .. '</span>' local inner = '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dms" ) .. '">' .. geodmshtml .. '</span>' .. '<span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span>' .. '<span class="' .. displayDefault(coordinateSpec["default"], "dec" ) .. '">'; if not args["name"] then inner = inner .. geodechtml .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '</span></span>' else inner = inner .. '<span class="vcard">' .. geodechtml .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / ' .. geonumhtml .. '</span>' .. '<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. args["name"] .. '</span>)</span></span></span>' end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles} } .. '<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">' .. '[' .. coord_link .. uriComponents .. ' ' .. inner .. ']' .. '</span>' end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees ]] local function convert_dec2dms_d(coordinate) local d = math_mod._round( coordinate, 0 ) .. "°" return d .. "" end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees and minutes ]] local function convert_dec2dms_dm(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60, 0 ); local m = coordinate % 60; coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal to degrees, minutes, and seconds ]] local function convert_dec2dms_dms(coordinate) coordinate = math_mod._round( coordinate * 60 * 60, 0 ); local s = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - s) / 60 ); local m = coordinate % 60 coordinate = math.floor( (coordinate - m) / 60 ); local d = coordinate % 360 .."°" return d .. string.format( "%02d′", m ) .. string.format( "%02d″", s ) end --[[ Helper function, convert decimal latitude or longitude to degrees, minutes, and seconds format based on the specified precision. ]] local function convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) local coord = tonumber(coordinate) local postfix if coord >= 0 then postfix = firstPostfix else postfix = secondPostfix end precision = precision:lower(); if precision == "dms" then return convert_dec2dms_dms( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "dm" then return convert_dec2dms_dm( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; elseif precision == "d" then return convert_dec2dms_d( math.abs( coord ) ) .. postfix; end end --[[ Convert DMS format into a N or E decimal coordinate ]] local function convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees_str, minutes_str, seconds_str) local degrees = tonumber(degrees_str) local minutes = tonumber(minutes_str) or 0 local seconds = tonumber(seconds_str) or 0 local factor = 1 if direction == "S" or direction == "W" then factor = -1 end local precision = 0 if seconds_str then precision = 5 + math.max( math_mod._precision(seconds_str), 0 ); elseif minutes_str and minutes_str ~= '' then precision = 3 + math.max( math_mod._precision(minutes_str), 0 ); else precision = math.max( math_mod._precision(degrees_str), 0 ); end local decimal = factor * (degrees+(minutes+seconds/60)/60) return string.format( "%." .. precision .. "f", decimal ) -- not tonumber since this whole thing is string based. end --[[ Checks input values to for out of range errors. ]] local function validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, source, strong ) local errors = {}; lat_d = tonumber( lat_d ) or 0; lat_m = tonumber( lat_m ) or 0; lat_s = tonumber( lat_s ) or 0; long_d = tonumber( long_d ) or 0; long_m = tonumber( long_m ) or 0; long_s = tonumber( long_s ) or 0; if strong then if lat_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees < 0 with hemisphere flag"}) end if long_d < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees < 0 with hemisphere flag"}) end --[[ #coordinates is inconsistent about whether this is an error. If globe: is specified, it won't error on this condition, but otherwise it will. For not simply disable this check. if long_d > 180 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees > 180 with hemisphere flag"}) end ]] end if lat_d > 90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees > 90"}) end if lat_d < -90 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude degrees < -90"}) end if lat_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes >= 60"}) end if lat_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude minutes < 0"}) end if lat_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds >= 60"}) end if lat_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "latitude seconds < 0"}) end if long_d >= 360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees >= 360"}) end if long_d <= -360 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude degrees <= -360"}) end if long_m >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes >= 60"}) end if long_m < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude minutes < 0"}) end if long_s >= 60 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds >= 60"}) end if long_s < 0 then table.insert(errors, {source, "longitude seconds < 0"}) end return errors; end --[[ parseDec Transforms decimal format latitude and longitude into the structure to be used in displaying coordinates ]] local function parseDec( lat, long, format ) local coordinateSpec = {} local errors = {} if not long then return nil, {{"parseDec", "Missing longitude"}} elseif not tonumber(long) then return nil, {{"parseDec", "Longitude could not be parsed as a number: " .. long}} end errors = validate( lat, nil, nil, long, nil, nil, 'parseDec', false ); coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = lat; coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = long; local mode = coordinates.determineMode( lat, long ); coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = convert_dec2dms( lat, "N", "S", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{1}}}|N|S|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = convert_dec2dms( long, "E", "W", mode) -- {{coord/dec2dms|{{{2}}}|E|W|{{coord/prec dec|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}}}}} if format then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dec" end return coordinateSpec, errors end --[[ parseDMS Transforms degrees, minutes, seconds format latitude and longitude into the a structure to be used in displaying coordinates ]] local function parseDMS( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, lat_f, long_d, long_m, long_s, long_f, format ) local coordinateSpec, errors, backward = {}, {} lat_f = lat_f:upper(); long_f = long_f:upper(); -- Check if specified backward if lat_f == 'E' or lat_f == 'W' then lat_d, long_d, lat_m, long_m, lat_s, long_s, lat_f, long_f, backward = long_d, lat_d, long_m, lat_m, long_s, lat_s, long_f, lat_f, true; end errors = validate( lat_d, lat_m, lat_s, long_d, long_m, long_s, 'parseDMS', true ); if not long_d then return nil, {{"parseDMS", "Missing longitude" }} elseif not tonumber(long_d) then return nil, {{"parseDMS", "Longitude could not be parsed as a number:" .. long_d }} end if not lat_m and not lat_s and not long_m and not long_s and #errors == 0 then if math_mod._precision( lat_d ) > 0 or math_mod._precision( long_d ) > 0 then if lat_f:upper() == 'S' then lat_d = '-' .. lat_d; end if long_f:upper() == 'W' then long_d = '-' .. long_d; end return parseDec( lat_d, long_d, format ); end end coordinateSpec["dms-lat"] = lat_d.."°"..optionalArg(lat_m,"′") .. optionalArg(lat_s,"″") .. lat_f coordinateSpec["dms-long"] = long_d.."°"..optionalArg(long_m,"′") .. optionalArg(long_s,"″") .. long_f coordinateSpec["dec-lat"] = convert_dms2dec(lat_f, lat_d, lat_m, lat_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{4}}}|{{{1}}}|0{{{2}}}|0{{{3}}}}} coordinateSpec["dec-long"] = convert_dms2dec(long_f, long_d, long_m, long_s) -- {{coord/dms2dec|{{{8}}}|{{{5}}}|0{{{6}}}|0{{{7}}}}} if format then coordinateSpec.default = format else coordinateSpec.default = "dms" end return coordinateSpec, errors, backward end --[[ Check the input arguments for coord to determine the kind of data being provided and then make the necessary processing. ]] local function formatTest(args) local result, errors local backward, primary = false, false local function getParam(args, lim) local ret = {} for i = 1, lim do ret[i] = args[i] or '' end return table.concat(ret, '_') end if not args[1] then -- no lat logic return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "Missing latitude"}} ) elseif not tonumber(args[1]) then -- bad lat logic return errorPrinter( {{"formatTest", "Unable to parse latitude as a number:" .. args[1]}} ) elseif not args[4] and not args[5] and not args[6] then -- dec logic result, errors = parseDec(args[1], args[2], args.format) if not result then return errorPrinter(errors); end -- formatting for geohack: geohack expects D_N_D_E notation or D;D notation -- wikiminiatlas doesn't support D;D notation -- #coordinates parserfunction doesn't support negative decimals with NSWE result.param = table.concat({ math.abs(tonumber(args[1])), ((tonumber(args[1]) or 0) < 0) and 'S' or 'N', math.abs(tonumber(args[2])), ((tonumber(args[2]) or 0) < 0) and 'W' or 'E', args[3] or ''}, '_') elseif dmsTest(args[4], args[8]) then -- dms logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4], args[5], args[6], args[7], args[8], args.format) if args[10] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 9) elseif dmsTest(args[3], args[6]) then -- dm logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], args[2], nil, args[3], args[4], args[5], nil, args[6], args['format']) if args[8] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 7) elseif dmsTest(args[2], args[4]) then -- d logic result, errors, backward = parseDMS(args[1], nil, nil, args[2], args[3], nil, nil, args[4], args.format) if args[6] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Extra unexpected parameters'}) end if not result then return errorPrinter(errors) end result.param = getParam(args, 5) else -- Error return errorPrinter({{"formatTest", "Unknown argument format"}}) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]' end result.name = args.name local extra_param = {'dim', 'globe', 'scale', 'region', 'source', 'type'} for _, v in ipairs(extra_param) do if args[v] then table.insert(errors, {'formatTest', 'Parameter: "' .. v .. '=" should be "' .. v .. ':"' }) end end local ret = specPrinter(args, result) if #errors > 0 then ret = ret .. ' ' .. errorPrinter(errors) .. '[[Category:Pages with malformed coordinate tags]]' end return ret, backward end --[[ Generate Wikidata tracking categories. ]] local function makeWikidataCategories(qid) local ret local qid = qid or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if mw.wikibase and current_page.namespace == 0 then if qid and mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) and mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625") and mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1] then local snaktype = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, "P625")[1].mainsnak.snaktype if snaktype == 'value' then -- coordinates exist both here and on Wikidata, and can be compared. ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata' elseif snaktype == 'somevalue' then ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value' elseif snaktype == 'novalue' then ret = 'Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value' end else -- We have to either import the coordinates to Wikidata or remove them here. ret = 'Coordinates not on Wikidata' end end if ret then return string.format('[[Category:%s]]', ret) else return '' end end --[[ link Simple function to export the coordinates link for other uses. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | link }} ]] function coordinates.link(frame) return coord_link; end --[[ dec2dms Wrapper to allow templates to call dec2dms directly. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | dec2dms | decimal_coordinate | positive_suffix | negative_suffix | precision }} decimal_coordinate is converted to DMS format. If positive, the positive_suffix is appended (typical N or E), if negative, the negative suffix is appended. The specified precision is one of 'D', 'DM', or 'DMS' to specify the level of detail to use. ]] coordinates.dec2dms = makeInvokeFunc('_dec2dms') function coordinates._dec2dms(args) local coordinate = args[1] local firstPostfix = args[2] or '' local secondPostfix = args[3] or '' local precision = args[4] or '' return convert_dec2dms(coordinate, firstPostfix, secondPostfix, precision) end --[[ Helper function to determine whether to use D, DM, or DMS format depending on the precision of the decimal input. ]] function coordinates.determineMode( value1, value2 ) local precision = math.max( math_mod._precision( value1 ), math_mod._precision( value2 ) ); if precision <= 0 then return 'd' elseif precision <= 2 then return 'dm'; else return 'dms'; end end --[[ dms2dec Wrapper to allow templates to call dms2dec directly. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | dms2dec | direction_flag | degrees | minutes | seconds }} Converts DMS values specified as degrees, minutes, seconds too decimal format. direction_flag is one of N, S, E, W, and determines whether the output is positive (i.e. N and E) or negative (i.e. S and W). ]] coordinates.dms2dec = makeInvokeFunc('_dms2dec') function coordinates._dms2dec(args) local direction = args[1] local degrees = args[2] local minutes = args[3] local seconds = args[4] return convert_dms2dec(direction, degrees, minutes, seconds) end --[[ coord Main entry point for Lua function to replace {{coord}} Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord }} {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | long }} {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord | lat | lat_flag | long | long_flag }} ... Refer to {{coord}} documentation page for many additional parameters and configuration options. Note: This function provides the visual display elements of {{coord}}. In order to load coordinates into the database, the {{#coordinates:}} parser function must also be called, this is done automatically in the Lua version of {{coord}}. ]] coordinates.coord = makeInvokeFunc('_coord') function coordinates._coord(args) if not tonumber(args[1]) and not args[2] then args[3] = args[1]; args[1] = nil local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(args.qid) if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims.P625 and entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then local precision = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.precision args[1] = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.latitude args[2] = entity.claims.P625[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.longitude if precision then precision = -math_mod._round(math.log(precision)/math.log(10),0) args[1] = math_mod._round(args[1],precision) args[2] = math_mod._round(args[2],precision) end end end local contents, backward = formatTest(args) local Notes = args.notes or '' local Display = args.display and args.display:lower() or 'inline' local function isInline(s) -- Finds whether coordinates are displayed inline. return s:find('inline') ~= nil or s == 'i' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti' end local function isInTitle(s) -- Finds whether coordinates are displayed in the title. return s:find('title') ~= nil or s == 't' or s == 'it' or s == 'ti' end local function coord_wrapper(in_args) -- Calls the parser function {{#coordinates:}}. return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#coordinates', in_args) or '' end local text = '' if isInline(Display) then text = text .. displayinline(contents, Notes) end if isInTitle(Display) then text = text .. displaytitle(contents, Notes) .. makeWikidataCategories(args.qid) end if not args.nosave then local page_title, count = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(), 1 if backward then local tmp = {} while not string.find((args[count-1] or ''), '[EW]') do tmp[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end tmp.count = count; count = 2*(count-1) while count >= tmp.count do table.insert(tmp, 1, (args[count] or '')); count = count-1 end for i, v in ipairs(tmp) do args[i] = v end else while count <= 9 do args[count] = (args[count] or ''); count = count+1 end end if isInTitle(Display) and not page_title.isTalkPage and page_title.subpageText ~= 'doc' and page_title.subpageText ~= 'testcases' then args[10] = 'primary' end args.notes, args.format, args.display = nil text = text .. coord_wrapper(args) end return text end --[[ coord2text Extracts a single value from a transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coord2text | {{Coord}} | parameter }} Valid values for the second parameter are: lat (signed integer), long (signed integer), type, scale, dim, region, globe, source ]] function coordinates.coord2text(frame) if frame.args[1] == '' or frame.args[2] == '' or not frame.args[2] then return nil end frame.args[2] = mw.text.trim(frame.args[2]) if frame.args[2] == 'lat' or frame.args[2] == 'long' then local result, negative = mw.text.split((mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1],'[%.%d]+°[NS] [%.%d]+°[EW]') or ''), ' ') if frame.args[2] == 'lat' then result, negative = result[1], 'S' else result, negative = result[2], 'W' end result = mw.text.split(result, '°') if result[2] == negative then result[1] = '-'..result[1] end return result[1] else return mw.ustring.match(frame.args[1], 'params=.-_'..frame.args[2]..':(.-)[ _]') end end --[[ coordinsert Injects some text into the Geohack link of a transclusion of {{Coord}} (if that text isn't already in the transclusion). Outputs the modified transclusion of {{Coord}}. IF THE GEOHACK LINK SYNTAX CHANGES THIS FUNCTION MUST BE MODIFIED. Usage: {{#invoke:Coordinates | coordinsert | {{Coord}} | parameter:value | parameter:value | … }} Do not make Geohack unhappy by inserting something which isn't mentioned in the {{Coord}} documentation. ]] function coordinates.coordinsert(frame) for i, v in ipairs(frame.args) do if i ~= 1 then if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], (mw.ustring.match(frame.args[i], '^(.-:)') or '')) then frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(params=.-)_? ', '%1_'..frame.args[i]..' ') end end end if frame.args.name then if not mw.ustring.find(frame.args[1], '<span class="vcard">') then local namestr = frame.args.name frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(<span class="geo%-default">)(<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span><span[^<>]*>[^<>]*<span[^<>]*>[^<>]*</span></span>)(</span>)', '%1<span class="vcard">%2<span style="display:none">&#xfeff; (<span class="fn org">' .. namestr .. '</span>)</span></span>%3') frame.args[1] = mw.ustring.gsub(frame.args[1], '(&params=[^&"<>%[%] ]*) ', '%1&title=' .. mw.uri.encode(namestr) .. ' ') end end return frame.args[1] end return coordinates l5u87lywsikgugh9sibilxqd29jo2jo 828 11313 84394 2022-05-19T23:06:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Coordinates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Tracks and uses Wikidata|P625}} {{Lua|Module:Math|Module:Arguments|Module:No globals}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Coordinates/styles.css}} '''Note:''' The code which this module's main function (<code>coord</code>) outputs is directly parsed and/or manipulated by [[Module:Location map]] and other functions of this module itself (<code>coord2text</code> and <code>coordinsert</code>). If the structure of the output changes (for example, to use [[:mw:Help:Extension:Kartographer|the <code><nowiki><mapframe></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> tags]]), please update the aforementioned scripts as well. ==Using the module with coordinsert== When using the {{tl|Coord}} template inside another template, like an infobox, there may be parameters (like <code><var>type</var>:<var>airport</var></code>) which should be added automatically. To do so, do something like this: <code>&#123;&#123;#if:&#123;&#123;&#123;coordinates&#124;&#125;&#125;&#125;&#124;&#123;&#123;#invoke:Coordinates&#124;coordinsert&#124;&#123;&#123;&#123;coordinates&#124;&#125;&#125;&#125;&#124;<var>parameter1:value1&#124;parameter2:value2&#124;parameter3:value3…</var>&#125;&#125;&#124;</code> Do not add more vertical bars <code>&#124;</code> than necessary. ==Using the module with coord2text to extract latitude or longitude== Developers maintaining legacy code may need to extract latitude or longitude to use a parameters in other code, or a mathematical expression. The module's "coord2text" function can be used to extract data from the {{tl|Coord}} template. To extract the latitude from a Coord template, use: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|lat}} To extract the longitude, use: <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{#invoke:coordinates|coord2text|{{Coord|57|18|22|N|4|27|32|E}}|long}} == Modules using this module directly == * [[Module:HS listed building row]] == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages with malformed coordinate tags}} * {{clc|Coordinates not on Wikidata‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to no value‎}} * {{clc|Coordinates on Wikidata set to unknown value‎}} <includeonly>{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox2|sandbox=| [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 91g29oqzlxhm74xgjzak5qqx824y6sy 828 11314 84395 2022-05-19T23:07:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Math Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module provides a number of basic mathematical operations. ]] local yesno, getArgs -- lazily initialized local p = {} -- Holds functions to be returned from #invoke, and functions to make available to other Lua modules. local wrap = {} -- Holds wrapper functions that process arguments from #invoke. These act as intemediary between functions meant for #invoke and functions meant for Lua. --[[ Helper functions used to avoid redundant code. ]] local function err(msg) -- Generates wikitext error messages. return mw.ustring.format('<strong class="error">Formatting error: %s</strong>', msg) end local function unpackNumberArgs(args) -- Returns an unpacked list of arguments specified with numerical keys. local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then table.insert(ret, v) end end return unpack(ret) end local function makeArgArray(...) -- Makes an array of arguments from a list of arguments that might include nils. local args = {...} -- Table of arguments. It might contain nils or non-number values, so we can't use ipairs. local nums = {} -- Stores the numbers of valid numerical arguments. local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do v = p._cleanNumber(v) if v then nums[#nums + 1] = k args[k] = v end end table.sort(nums) for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = args[num] end return ret end local function fold(func, ...) -- Use a function on all supplied arguments, and return the result. The function must accept two numbers as parameters, -- and must return a number as an output. This number is then supplied as input to the next function call. local vals = makeArgArray(...) local count = #vals -- The number of valid arguments if count == 0 then return -- Exit if we have no valid args, otherwise removing the first arg would cause an error. nil, 0 end local ret = table.remove(vals, 1) for _, val in ipairs(vals) do ret = func(ret, val) end return ret, count end --[[ Fold arguments by selectively choosing values (func should return when to choose the current "dominant" value). ]] local function binary_fold(func, ...) local value = fold((function(a, b) if func(a, b) then return a else return b end end), ...) return value end --[[ random Generate a random number Usage: {{#invoke: Math | random }} {{#invoke: Math | random | maximum value }} {{#invoke: Math | random | minimum value | maximum value }} ]] function wrap.random(args) local first = p._cleanNumber(args[1]) local second = p._cleanNumber(args[2]) return p._random(first, second) end function p._random(first, second) math.randomseed(mw.site.stats.edits + mw.site.stats.pages + os.time() + math.floor(os.clock() * 1000000000)) -- math.random will throw an error if given an explicit nil parameter, so we need to use if statements to check the params. if first and second then if first <= second then -- math.random doesn't allow the first number to be greater than the second. return math.random(first, second) end elseif first then return math.random(first) else return math.random() end end --[[ order Determine order of magnitude of a number Usage: {{#invoke: Math | order | value }} ]] function wrap.order(args) local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0'); local input_number = p._cleanNumber(input_string); if input_number == nil then return err('order of magnitude input appears non-numeric') else return p._order(input_number) end end function p._order(x) if x == 0 then return 0 end return math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(x))) end --[[ precision Detemines the precision of a number using the string representation Usage: {{ #invoke: Math | precision | value }} ]] function wrap.precision(args) local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0'); local trap_fraction = args.check_fraction; local input_number; if not yesno then yesno = require('Module:Yesno') end if yesno(trap_fraction, true) then -- Returns true for all input except nil, false, "no", "n", "0" and a few others. See [[Module:Yesno]]. local pos = string.find(input_string, '/', 1, true); if pos ~= nil then if string.find(input_string, '/', pos + 1, true) == nil then local denominator = string.sub(input_string, pos+1, -1); local denom_value = tonumber(denominator); if denom_value ~= nil then return math.log10(denom_value); end end end end input_number, input_string = p._cleanNumber(input_string); if input_string == nil then return err('precision input appears non-numeric') else return p._precision(input_string) end end function p._precision(x) if type(x) == 'number' then x = tostring(x) end x = string.upper(x) local decimal = x:find('%.') local exponent_pos = x:find('E') local result = 0; if exponent_pos ~= nil then local exponent = string.sub(x, exponent_pos + 1) x = string.sub(x, 1, exponent_pos - 1) result = result - tonumber(exponent) end if decimal ~= nil then result = result + string.len(x) - decimal return result end local pos = string.len(x); while x:byte(pos) == string.byte('0') do pos = pos - 1 result = result - 1 if pos <= 0 then return 0 end end return result end --[[ max Finds the maximum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| max | value1 | value2 | ... }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.max(args) return p._max(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._max(...) local max_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a > b end), ...) if max_value then return max_value end end --[[ median Find the median of set of numbers Usage: {{#invoke:Math | median | number1 | number2 | ...}} OR {{#invoke:Math | median }} ]] function wrap.median(args) return p._median(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._median(...) local vals = makeArgArray(...) local count = #vals table.sort(vals) if count == 0 then return 0 end if p._mod(count, 2) == 0 then return (vals[count/2] + vals[count/2+1])/2 else return vals[math.ceil(count/2)] end end --[[ min Finds the minimum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| min | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| min }} When used with no arguments, it takes its input from the parent frame. Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.min(args) return p._min(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._min(...) local min_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a < b end), ...) if min_value then return min_value end end --[[ sum Finds the sum Usage: {{#invoke:Math| sum | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| sum }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.sum(args) return p._sum(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._sum(...) local sums, count = fold((function(a, b) return a + b end), ...) if not sums then return 0 else return sums end end --[[ average Finds the average Usage: {{#invoke:Math| average | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| average }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.average(args) return p._average(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._average(...) local sum, count = fold((function(a, b) return a + b end), ...) if not sum then return 0 else return sum / count end end --[[ round Rounds a number to specified precision Usage: {{#invoke:Math | round | value | precision }} --]] function wrap.round(args) local value = p._cleanNumber(args[1] or args.value or 0) local precision = p._cleanNumber(args[2] or args.precision or 0) if value == nil or precision == nil then return err('round input appears non-numeric') else return p._round(value, precision) end end function p._round(value, precision) local rescale = math.pow(10, precision or 0); return math.floor(value * rescale + 0.5) / rescale; end --[[ log10 returns the log (base 10) of a number Usage: {{#invoke:Math | log10 | x }} ]] function wrap.log10(args) return math.log10(args[1]) end --[[ mod Implements the modulo operator Usage: {{#invoke:Math | mod | x | y }} --]] function wrap.mod(args) local x = p._cleanNumber(args[1]) local y = p._cleanNumber(args[2]) if not x then return err('first argument to mod appears non-numeric') elseif not y then return err('second argument to mod appears non-numeric') else return p._mod(x, y) end end function p._mod(x, y) local ret = x % y if not (0 <= ret and ret < y) then ret = 0 end return ret end --[[ gcd Calculates the greatest common divisor of multiple numbers Usage: {{#invoke:Math | gcd | value 1 | value 2 | value 3 | ... }} --]] function wrap.gcd(args) return p._gcd(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._gcd(...) local function findGcd(a, b) local r = b local oldr = a while r ~= 0 do local quotient = math.floor(oldr / r) oldr, r = r, oldr - quotient * r end if oldr < 0 then oldr = oldr * -1 end return oldr end local result, count = fold(findGcd, ...) return result end --[[ precision_format Rounds a number to the specified precision and formats according to rules originally used for {{template:Rnd}}. Output is a string. Usage: {{#invoke: Math | precision_format | number | precision }} ]] function wrap.precision_format(args) local value_string = args[1] or 0 local precision = args[2] or 0 return p._precision_format(value_string, precision) end function p._precision_format(value_string, precision) -- For access to Mediawiki built-in formatter. local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local value value, value_string = p._cleanNumber(value_string) precision = p._cleanNumber(precision) -- Check for non-numeric input if value == nil or precision == nil then return err('invalid input when rounding') end local current_precision = p._precision(value) local order = p._order(value) -- Due to round-off effects it is neccesary to limit the returned precision under -- some circumstances because the terminal digits will be inaccurately reported. if order + precision >= 14 then if order + p._precision(value_string) >= 14 then precision = 13 - order; end end -- If rounding off, truncate extra digits if precision < current_precision then value = p._round(value, precision) current_precision = p._precision(value) end local formatted_num = lang:formatNum(math.abs(value)) local sign -- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default if value < 0 then sign = '−' else sign = '' end -- Handle cases requiring scientific notation if string.find(formatted_num, 'E', 1, true) ~= nil or math.abs(order) >= 9 then value = value * math.pow(10, -order) current_precision = current_precision + order precision = precision + order formatted_num = lang:formatNum(math.abs(value)) else order = 0; end formatted_num = sign .. formatted_num -- Pad with zeros, if needed if current_precision < precision then local padding if current_precision <= 0 then if precision > 0 then local zero_sep = lang:formatNum(1.1) formatted_num = formatted_num .. zero_sep:sub(2,2) padding = precision if padding > 20 then padding = 20 end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding) end else padding = precision - current_precision if padding > 20 then padding = 20 end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding) end end -- Add exponential notation, if necessary. if order ~= 0 then -- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default if order < 0 then order = '−' .. lang:formatNum(math.abs(order)) else order = lang:formatNum(order) end formatted_num = formatted_num .. '<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>' .. order .. '</sup>' end return formatted_num end --[[ divide Implements the division operator Usage: {{#invoke:Math | divide | x | y | round= | precision= }} --]] function wrap.divide(args) local x = args[1] local y = args[2] local round = args.round local precision = args.precision if not yesno then yesno = require('Module:Yesno') end return p._divide(x, y, yesno(round), precision) end function p._divide(x, y, round, precision) if y == nil or y == "" then return err("Empty divisor") elseif not tonumber(y) then if type(y) == 'string' and string.sub(y, 1, 1) == '<' then return y else return err("Not a number: " .. y) end elseif x == nil or x == "" then return err("Empty dividend") elseif not tonumber(x) then if type(x) == 'string' and string.sub(x, 1, 1) == '<' then return x else return err("Not a number: " .. x) end else local z = x / y if round then return p._round(z, 0) elseif precision then return p._round(z, precision) else return z end end end --[[ Helper function that interprets the input numerically. If the input does not appear to be a number, attempts evaluating it as a parser functions expression. ]] function p._cleanNumber(number_string) if type(number_string) == 'number' then -- We were passed a number, so we don't need to do any processing. return number_string, tostring(number_string) elseif type(number_string) ~= 'string' or not number_string:find('%S') then -- We were passed a non-string or a blank string, so exit. return nil, nil; end -- Attempt basic conversion local number = tonumber(number_string) -- If failed, attempt to evaluate input as an expression if number == nil then local success, result = pcall(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr, number_string) if success then number = tonumber(result) number_string = tostring(number) else number = nil number_string = nil end else number_string = number_string:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$") -- String is valid but may contain padding, clean it. number_string = number_string:match("^%+(.*)$") or number_string -- Trim any leading + signs. if number_string:find('^%-?0[xX]') then -- Number is using 0xnnn notation to indicate base 16; use the number that Lua detected instead. number_string = tostring(number) end end return number, number_string end --[[ Wrapper function that does basic argument processing. This ensures that all functions from #invoke can use either the current frame or the parent frame, and it also trims whitespace for all arguments and removes blank arguments. ]] local mt = { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return wrap[k](getArgs(frame)) -- Argument processing is left to Module:Arguments. Whitespace is trimmed and blank arguments are removed. end end } return setmetatable(p, mt) 53y9xuneyjocim7fhors0t2vo6rax8q 828 11315 84396 2022-05-19T23:07:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Math/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|''formatting'' mathematical expressions, LATEX-style|Template:Math}} {{High-risk|1,607,000+}} {{module rating|protected}} This module provides a number of mathematical functions. These functions can be used from #invoke or from other Lua modules. == Use from other Lua modules == To use the module from normal wiki pages, no special preparation is needed. If you are using the module from another Lua module, first you need to load it, like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mm = require('Module:Math') </syntaxhighlight> (The <code>mm</code> variable stands for '''M'''odule '''M'''ath; you can choose something more descriptive if you prefer.) Most functions in the module have a version for Lua and a version for #invoke. It is possible to use the #invoke functions from other Lua modules, but using the Lua functions has the advantage that you do not need to access a Lua [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Frame object|frame object]]. Lua functions are preceded by <code>_</code>, whereas #invoke functions are not. == random == {{see also|Module:Random}} &#123;{#invoke:math|random}} &#123;{#invoke:math|random|''max_value''}} &#123;{#invoke:math|random|''min_value''|''max_value''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._random() mm._random(max_value) mm._random(min_value, max_value) </syntaxhighlight> Generates a random number. * If no arguments are specified, the number produced is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. * If one argument is provided, the number produced is an integer between 1 and that argument. The argument must be a positive integer. * If two arguments are provided, the number produced is an integer between the first and second arguments. Both arguments must be integers, but can be negative. This function will not work properly for numbers less than &minus;2<sup>32</sup> and greater than 2<sup>32</sup> &minus; 1. If you need to use numbers outside of this range, it is recommended that you use [[Module:Random]]. == order == &#123;{#invoke:math|order|''n''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._order(n) </syntaxhighlight> Determines the [[order of magnitude]] of a number. == precision == &#123;{#invoke:math|precision|''n''}} &#123;{#invoke:math|precision|x=''n''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._precision(number_string) </syntaxhighlight> Detemines the precision of a number. For example, for "4" it will return "0", for "4.567" it will return "3", and for "100" it will return "-2". The function attempts to parse the string representation of the number, and detects whether the number uses [[Scientific notation#E notation|E notation]]. For this reason, when called from Lua, very large numbers or very precise numbers should be directly input as strings to get accurate results. If they are input as numbers, the Lua interpreter will change them to E notation and this function will return the precision of the E notation rather than that of the original number. This is not a problem when the number is called from #invoke, as all input from #invoke is in string format. == max == &#123;{#invoke:math|max|''v1''|''v2''|''v3''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._max(v1, v2, v3, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the maximum value from the values specified. Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == median == &#123;{#invoke:math|median|''v1''|''v2''|''v3''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._median(v1, v2, v3, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the [[median]] value from the values specified. Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == min == &#123;{#invoke:math|min|''v1''|''v2''|''v3''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._min(v1, v2, v3, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the minimum value from the values specified. Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == sum == &#123;{#invoke:math|sum|''v1''|''v2''|''v3''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._sum(v1, v2, v3, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the sum of the values specified. Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == average == &#123;{#invoke:math|average|''v1''|''v2''|''v3''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._average(v1, v2, v3, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Returns the average of the values specified. (More precisely, the value returned is the [[Mean#Arithmetic mean (AM)|arithmetic mean]].) Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == round == &#123;{#invoke:math|round|''value''|''precision''}} &#123;{#invoke:math|round|value=''value''|precision=''precision''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._round(value, precision) </syntaxhighlight> [[Rounding|Rounds]] a number to the specified precision. Note: As of October 2019, there is a bug in the display of some rounded numbers. When trying to round a number that rounds to "n.0", like "1.02", to the nearest tenth of a digit (i.e. {{para|r|1}}), this function should display "1.0", but it unexpectedly displays "1". Use the {{para|precision_format}} parameter instead. == log10 == &#123;{#invoke:math | log10 | ''x''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._log10(x) </syntaxhighlight> Returns <code>log<sub>10</sub>(''x'')</code>, the [[logarithm]] of ''x'' using base 10. == mod == &#123;{#invoke:math|mod|''x''|''y''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._mod(x, y) </syntaxhighlight> Gets <code>''x''</code> [[Modulo operation|modulo]] <code>''y''</code>, or the remainder after <code>''x''</code> has been divided by <code>''y''</code>. This is accurate for integers up to 2<sup>53</sup>; for larger integers Lua's modulo operator may return an erroneous value. This function deals with this problem by returning <code>0</code> if the modulo given by Lua's modulo operator is less than 0 or greater than <code>''y''</code>. == gcd == &#123;{#invoke:math|gcd|''v1''|''v2''|...}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._gcd(v1, v2, ...) </syntaxhighlight> Finds the [[greatest common divisor]] of the values specified. Values that cannot be converted to numbers are ignored. == precision_format == &#123;{#invoke:math|precision_format|''value_string''|''precision''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._precision_format(value_string, precision) </syntaxhighlight> Rounds a number to the specified precision and formats according to rules originally used for {{tl|Rnd}}. Output is a string. Parameter <var>precision</var> should be an integer number of digits after the decimal point. Negative values are permitted. Non-integers give unexpected results. Positive values greater than the input precision add zero-padding, negative values greater than the input order can consume all digits. Formatting 8,765.567 with {{tlc|#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|<var>precision</var>}} gives: {|class="wikitable" |+ !<code><var>precision</var></code>!!Result |- |style="text-align:right"|2||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|2}} |- |style="text-align:right"| -2||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|-2}} |- |style="text-align:right"|6||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|6}} |- |style="text-align:right"| -6||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|-6}} |- |style="text-align:right"|2.5||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|2.5}} |- |style="text-align:right"| -2.5||{{#invoke:Math|precision_format|8765.567|-2.5}} |} == divide == &#123;{#invoke:Math|divide|''x''|''y''|''round=''|''precision=''}} <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mm._divide(x, y, round, precision) </syntaxhighlight> Divide x by y. * If y if not a number, it is returned. * Otherwise, if x is not a number, it is returned. * If round is true ("yes" for #invoke), the result has no decimals * Precision indicates how many digits of precision the result should have If any of the arguments contain HTML tags, they are returned unchanged, allowing any errors in calculating the arguments to the division function to be propagated to the calling template. == cleanNumber == <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local number, number_string = mm._cleanNumber(number_string) </syntaxhighlight> A helper function that can be called from other Lua modules, but not from #invoke. This takes a string or a number value as input, and if the value can be converted to a number, cleanNumber returns the number and the number string. If the value cannot be converted to a number, cleanNumber returns <code>nil, nil</code>. ==See also== {{Math templates}} ddkgunriz4g1yaxt4b2pqc2o4z9d3ga 10 11316 84397 2022-05-19T23:09:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Math wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="texhtml {{#if:{{{big|}}}{{{size|}}}|texhtml-big}}" {{#if:{{{big|}}}{{{size|}}}|style="font-size:{{{size|165%}}};"}}>{{{1}}}</span><!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check | unknown = {{main other|[[Category:Pages using Math with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} | showblankpositional=1 | preview = unknown parameter "_VALUE_" (consider using <code>{{!}}1=</code>, <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code>) | 1 | big | size }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> loxcc5wdrayadh9axqvyklr3t29jdgm 10 11317 84398 2022-05-19T23:09:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Math/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> {{high-use| 6640 }} :{{for|basic mathematical functions|Module:Math}} The '''math''' template formats [[HTML]]- or [[Help:Wikitext|wiki markup]]-generated mathematical formulas. (It does not accept the [[AMS-LaTeX]] markup that <nowiki><math></nowiki> does.) The template uses the <code>texhtml</code> class by default for inline text style formulas, which aims to match the size of the serif font with the surrounding sans-serif font (see below). The template also prevents line-wrapping. == Usage == Use this template for inline, non-complex formulas as an alternative to using the {{tag|math}} tag pair (see: [[Help:Math]]). === Examples === <pre> {{math|''f''(''x'') {{=}} ''b''<sup>''x''</sup> {{=}} ''y''}} </pre> : produces: {{math|''f''(''x'') {{=}} ''b''<sup>''x''</sup> {{=}} ''y''}} <pre> {{math|sin &amp;pi; {{=}} 0}} </pre> : produces: {{math|sin &pi; {{=}} 0}}. <pre> {{math|{{intmath|int|0|+&amp;infin;}} ''e''<sup>−''x''</sup> d''x'' {{=}} 1}} </pre> : produces: {{math|{{intmath|int|0|+&infin;}} ''e''<sup>−''x''</sup> d''x'' {{=}} 1}} <pre> '''{{math|{{sfrac|1|2}} − {{sfrac|1|3}} {{=}} {{sfrac|1|6}}}}''' </pre> : produces: '''{{math|{{sfrac|1|2}} − {{sfrac|1|3}} {{=}} {{sfrac|1|6}}}}'''. Note the triple-apostrophes have set the whole formula as bold. <pre> {{math|({{radic|2}})<sup>2</sup> {{=}} 2}} </pre> : produces: {{math|({{radic|2}})<sup>2</sup> {{=}} 2}}. ===Use of equals-sign and absolute value bars=== The equals sign, =, and bar, |, are used as syntax by the wiki template system. Therefore, if a single equals-sign ("=") is used, it will fail to render, instead showing "<nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki>". For example, the following template-coding would be invalid: <pre>{{math|1 + 2 = 3}}</pre> : produces: {{math|1 + 2 = 3}}, which is invalid code To resolve this, either: (a) Start the formula with "<code>1=</code>" as in: <pre>{{math|1=1 + 2 = 3}}</pre> : produces: {{math|1=1 + 2 = 3}}, or else, (b) enclose the equals-sign in double-braces <nowiki>"{{=}}"</nowiki> as in: <pre>{{math|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}}</pre> : produces: {{math|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}}. A similar difficulty concerns the vertical bars ("|") used to indicate absolute value, which without care would get interpreted as part of the template syntax. The solution is different than for the equals sign: such bars should be entered as "<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>": <pre>{{math|{{!}}''f''(''x'') − ''a''{{!}} < ε}}</pre> : produces: {{math|{{!}}''f''(''x'') − ''a''{{!}} < ε}}. This example can also be produced by the following: <pre><nowiki>{{math|{{mabs|''f''(''x'') − ''a''}} < ε}}</nowiki></pre> : produces: {{math|{{mabs|''f''(''x'') − ''a''}} < ε}} === Parameters === The following parameters are optional: * <code>big=1</code> – This will render the formula in a bigger fontsize, increased to 165%. * <code>size=''font-size''</code> – Use this to specify your own fontsize. <pre> <nowiki>{{math|big=1|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}}</nowiki> </pre> : produces: {{math|big=1|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}} <pre> <nowiki>{{math|size=250%|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}}</nowiki> </pre> : produces: {{math|size=250%|1 + 2 {{=}} 3}} === TemplateData === {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "This template formats markup generated mathematical formulas with HTML and CSS. The template tries to match the size of the serif font with the surrounding sans-serif font. The template also prevents line-wrapping. Use this template for non-complex formulas as an alternative to using the <math> format.", "params": { "1": { "label": "formula", "description": "wrap an inline formula in wikitext.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "big": { "label": "bigger font size", "description": "if set to ‘1’, this will render the formula in a bigger font size, increased to 165%", "type": "string", "required": false }, "size": { "label": "custom font size", "description": "use this to specify your own font size", "type": "string", "required": false } }}</templatedata> == Notes == The font and fontsize used for <code>texhtml</code>, as defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]], was determined by comparing common default fonts found on Windows, OS X and Linux and is scaled to 118% to match their [[x-height]]. However, not everyone uses the default fonts. If you find that the rendered math is not of the same size as the surrounding text, you can adjust this in your personal CSS. For instance, the DejaVu Sans and DejaVu Serif fonts do ''not'' need scaling, in which case <code>.mw-parser-output span.texhtml { font-size: 100%; }</code> will restore proper display. The <code>texhtml</code> classname is a remnant from the [[TeX]] renderer, which had a user preference to render [[TeX]]-written formulae in "HTML when simple". That option has been removed some time ago, but the classname continues to be used for formulae written in HTML. ===Tracking category=== * Articles with unknown parameters are listed in {{clc|Category:Pages using Math with unknown parameters}}. **These same errors are notes in a {{button|Preview}} warning. == See also == * [[Help:Displaying a formula]] * [[Wikipedia:Rendering math]], a comparison of different representation of mathematical expressions {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{basepage subpage| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> 3gua5awjkdiq9s429e7q3wzh5xjlazt 10 11318 84399 2022-05-19T23:09:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Frac wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Fraction]] s9en7kw68slbgt43mmq0fzcrw7py5lu 10 11319 84400 2022-05-19T23:10:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fraction wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" /><span class="frac" role="math">{{#if:{{{3|}}}<!-- if 3 -->|{{{1}}}<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">{{{2}}}</span>&frasl;<span class="den">{{{3}}}</span><!-- then 1 2/3 -->|{{#if:{{{2|}}}<!-- elseif 2 -->|<span class="num">{{{1}}}</span>&frasl;<span class="den">{{{2}}}</span><!-- then 1/2 -->|{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- elseif 1 -->|<span class="num">1</span>&frasl;<span class="den">{{{1}}}</span><!-- then 1/1 -->|&frasl;<!-- else 0, a slash -->}}<!-- endif 1 -->}}<!-- endif 2 -->}}<!-- endif 3 --></span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 5w82xappajy4x3dxv5y9ci2ou9eslgy 10 11320 84401 2022-05-19T23:10:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fraction/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{No subst}} {{info|'''This template should ''not'' be used in science or mathematical articles, use {{tl|sfrac}} instead.'''}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Fraction/styles.css}} This template builds an alternative form of [[common fraction]]s. The template takes one, two, or three parameters: the optional integer (may be signed), the optional numerator and the required denominator; in this order. Please '''do not''' <code>subst:</code>itute it. This template should '''not''' be used in science or mathematical articles, per [[MOS:FRAC]] and [[MOS:MATH#Fractions]]; use {{tl|sfrac}} instead. To allow numerical sorting of a column containing fractions, use <code>data-sort-value="X.YYY"</code> where <code>X.YYY</code> is a rounded decimal equivalent. See [[Help:Sorting]] for more information and options. ;<code><nowiki>{{fraction|A|B|C}}</nowiki></code>: {{fraction|A|B|C}} (integer, numerator and denominator) ;<code><nowiki>{{fraction|A|B}}</nowiki></code>: {{fraction|A|B}} (numerator and denominator) ;<code><nowiki>{{fraction|A}}</nowiki></code>: {{fraction|A}} (denominator only) ;<code><nowiki>{{fraction}}</nowiki></code>: {{fraction}} (fraction slash only) ==Examples== ;Numbers: {{fraction|2}} {{fraction|3}} {{fraction|2|3}} {{fraction|4}} {{fraction|3|4}} {{fraction|5}} {{fraction|2|5}} {{fraction|3|5}} {{fraction|4|5}} {{fraction|6}} {{fraction|5|6}} {{fraction|7}} {{fraction|2|7}} {{fraction|3|7}} {{fraction|4|7}} {{fraction|5|7}} {{fraction|6|7}} {{fraction|8}} {{fraction|3|8}} {{fraction|5|8}} {{fraction|7|8}} {{fraction|16}} {{fraction|3|16}} {{fraction|5|16}} {{fraction|7|16}} {{fraction|9|16}} {{fraction|11|16}} {{fraction|13|16}} {{fraction|15|16}} ;Units: {{fraction|m|s}} {{fraction|km|h}} {{fraction|kg·m|s²}} {{fraction|s}} {{fraction|Mbit|s}} ==Notes== *<code><nowiki>{{fraction}}</nowiki></code> or <code>&amp;frasl;</code> may be used to print out the fraction slash glyph " &frasl; ". == Parameters == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "A template for displaying common fractions of the form int+num/den nicely. It supports 0–3 anonymous parameters with positional meaning.", "params": { "1": { "label": "leftmost part", "description": "Denominator if only parameter supplied. Numerator if 2 parameters supplied. Integer if 3 parameters supplied. If no parameter is specified the template will render a fraction slash only.", "type": "string/line", "required": false }, "2": { "label": "middle-right part", "description": "Denominator if 2 parameters supplied. Numerator if 3 parameters supplied.", "inherits": "1" }, "3": { "label": "rightmost part", "description": "Denominator, always.", "inherits": "1" } }}</templatedata> ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:Rendering math]] * {{tl|1/2}} ({{1/2}}), {{tl|1/3}}, {{tl|2/3}}, {{tl|1/4}}, {{tl|3/4}} – shorthands that use this template * {{tl|sfrac}} ({{sfrac|2}}) – displays common fractions using a [[vinculum (symbol)|vinculum]] (horizontal line), for scientific and mathematical text * {{tl|su}} ({{su|p=superscript|b=subscript}} text) – to align both b=subscript & p=[[superscript]] * {{tl|sub}} ({{sub|subscript}} text) – to show a [[subscript]] * {{tl|sup}} ({{sup|superscript}} text) – to show a [[superscript]] * [[Help:Displaying a formula#Fractions, matrices, multilines]] * [[Help:Convert#Fractions]] *[[Number Forms]], a Unicode block consisting primarily of vulgar fractions * [[OpenType]] fonts feature ''frac'', [[CSS]] {{code|font-variant-numeric:diagonal-fractions|css}} * {{Unichar|2215|DIVISION SLASH|ulink=Mathematical Operators|html=|nlink=slash (punctuation)#Encoding}} {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{Subpage other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Fraction templates]] }}</includeonly> odbxbiipe80opjwnjhi1hg976lsly91 10 11321 84402 2022-05-19T23:10:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fraction/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .frac { white-space: nowrap; } .frac .num, .frac .den { font-size: 80%; line-height: 0; /* we want this inline */ vertical-align: super; } .frac .den { vertical-align: sub; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; /* white-space: nowrap; /* already have nowrap above */ } 2tl0oj3e4oxwchi17sys4tyhvaqdwmv 10 11322 84403 2022-05-19T23:11:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Info wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Notice]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from alternative name}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} bm3o0b8co81bjjtjh6ovxjgjcrwgkb8 10 11323 84404 2022-05-19T23:11:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Endflatlist wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly></div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Flatlist/doc}} </noinclude> 0p78pkby8s7e1o474p48twvpgtfs9ul 10 11324 84405 2022-05-19T23:12:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Floor wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:{{{2|1em}}}">⌊</span>{{{1}}}<span style="font-size:{{{2|1em}}}">⌋</span><noinclude>{{Documentation|content= == Description == Displays the parameter wrapped in floor symbols. This template is for display, not calculation. == Examples == {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|45.23}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|''x''}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}|2em}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}|larger}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}|large}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{math|{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}}}}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{bigmath|{{floor|{{sfrac|2''a''|''b''}}}}}}</nowiki>}} == See also == {{Math templates|notation}} [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</noinclude> a3d3t34c4oodufk1aybin16iij3r1jb 10 11325 84406 2022-05-19T23:12:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No subst wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Never substitute]] {{Rcat shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} ii7a747b2xs1gz7tt5pudv7binuv9u3 10 11326 84407 2022-05-19T23:13:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/hexformat wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{1|<#salted#>}}} | <#salted#> | <#salted#> | {{padleft:{{uc:{{#switch:{{lc:{{padleft:|2|{{{1|0}}}}}}} | 0x = {{Str right|{{{1}}}|2}} <!--rm here: prefix u+, because that option is too expensive--> |{{{1}}} }}}}|4|0 }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> n9f9ecsppzfipfab7jzaqh31dm7epx2 10 11327 84408 2022-05-19T23:14:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sup wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><sup>{{{1}}}</sup></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> p7jtnmtnj3q8sxqqsv78o732eq15smw 10 11328 84409 2022-05-19T23:14:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} '''Sup'''erscripts text, i.e. : <code><nowiki>{{sup|Text to be superscripted}}</nowiki></code> produces: <sup>Text to be superscripted</sup> This template is listed at [[Wikipedia:Subst]] as a good candidate for substituting (i.e. <nowiki>{{subst:sup}}</nowiki>). On a page that uses the template many times, however, this is likely to clutter and lengthen the page significantly. Text can also be superscripted simply by using the {{tag|sup}} tags, so that: :{{tag|sup|content=Text to be superscripted}} also produces: <sup>Text to be superscripted</sup> ==Template data== {{template data header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {} } } </templatedata> == See also == {{Sup and sub-related templates |expanded}} {{Math templates|notation |state=collapsed}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "type": "content" } }, "description": "Superscripts text" } </templatedata> 8giy143m7ntkpqinvsyrj36s3c5mhaf 10 11329 84410 2022-05-19T23:15:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pars wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ #if: {{{2|}}} |{{font | size={{{2}}} | text=(}}<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em;">{{{1|&nbsp;&nbsp;}}}</span>{{font | size={{{2}}} | text=)}}|{{#if: {{{s|}}} |{{font | size={{{s}}} | text=(}}|(}}{{ #if: {{{1|}}} |<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em;">{{{1}}}</span>|&nbsp;&nbsp;}}{{ #if: {{{s|}}} |{{font | size={{{s}}} | text=)}}|)}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> <!------- Below, we add spacing to the above code to make it more readable: -------> {{#if: {{{2|}}} | <!--- Start case where 2 is defined ---> {{font | {{{2}}} | text=(}}<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em;">{{{1|&nbsp;&nbsp;}}}</span>{{font | {{{2}}} | text=)}} <!--- End case where 2 is defined --> | <!-- Start case where 2 is NOT defined --> {{#if: {{{s|}}} |{{font | size={{{s}}} | text=(}}|(}} <!--- If s is defined then font ( otherwise, print a normal ( ---> {{#if: {{{1|}}} | <!--- Start case where 1 is defined ---> <span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em;">{{{1}}}</span> | <!--- Start case where 1 is NOT defined ---> &nbsp;&nbsp;}} {{#if: {{{s|}}} |{{font | size={{{s}}} | text=)}}|)}} <!--- If s is defined then font ) otherwise, else print a normal ) ---> }}<!--- End the if statement: {{#if: {{{2|}}} | ... ---> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 19h0c7b4dpkcav3e4lemoyjti3s6qvk 10 11330 84411 2022-05-19T23:15:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pars/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == :<nowiki>{{pars|s=200%|Content-inside-parentheses}}</nowiki> will ::(1) Places ( ) around the content: (Content-inside-parentheses) ::(2) scales their size to 200% ::* You can also use the units px/em/pt/% ::(3) Add small spaces immediately after ( and immediately before ) :{{pars|s=200%|Content-inside-parentheses}} This template may be used to enclose text between two parentheses. It adds padding (of width 0.1 em) on each side inside the parentheses. This template has the following parameters * 1 (positional parameter) - the text that goes inside of the parentheses. * s or 2 - "s" stands for "size". size=SIZE（px/em/pt/%） If s=100% then the size of the parentheses is not changed (i.e. the parentheses have their usual size). If s=200% (resp. s=50%) then the parentheses are twice (resp. half) their usual size. ** You may use the positional parameter 2 instead of s (e.g. you may use 2=50% in place of s=50%). ** If neither the parameter s nor 2 is assigned a value then the size of the parentheses is not changed (i.e. the parentheses have their usual size) ''and'' no call to the {{tl|font}} template is made. == Examples == ;No arguments passed <pre> This call {{math|{{pars}}}} produces parentheses. </pre> :This call {{math|{{pars}}}} produces parentheses. ;No resizing used and content is passed <pre> If {{math|{{pars|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Parentheses are resized and no content passed <pre> If {{math|{{pars|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|s=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|s=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Content is resized but parentheses aren't <pre> If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Parentheses are resized but content isn't <pre> If {{math|{{pars|2=210%|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|2=210%|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|s=210%|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|s=210%|X}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Content and parentheses are resized. Using parameter s for size of parentheses. "s" stands for "size". It indicates the new size of the parentheses relative to their usual size (e.g. s=200 produces parentheses with twice their usual size, s=100 produces the usual size, etc.). <pre> If {{math|{{pars|s=210%|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|s=210%|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Content and parentheses are resized. Using "2" in place of "s". Here we indicate the size of the parentheses (as a percentage) by using parameter number 2 rather than the named parameter '''s'''. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|2=210%|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> <pre> If {{math|{{pars|2=210%|1={{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> Both of the above lines produce identical output, which is: :If {{math|{{pars|2=210%|1={{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. ;Content and parentheses are resized. Passing arguments by their position. Here we indicate the size of the parentheses (as a percentage) by using parameter position number 2 rather than the named parameter '''s'''. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}|210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}|210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. This is equivalent to the following two lines: <pre> If {{math|{{pars|1={{large|X}}|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|1={{large|X}}|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars|{{large|X}}|2=210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. '''WARNING''': in the following line, 1 is first set to <nowiki>{{large|X}}</nowiki> and then because "210" is the '''''first''' unlabelled'' positional argument, the value of 1 is overwritten and replaced by "210" (which is why 210 appears inside the parentheses) while the positional argument 2 is never assigned a value (which is why the parentheses have their usual size). This is a documented quirk of Wikipedia templates that could occur with many templates that take two or more arguments. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|1={{large|X}}|210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> :If {{math|{{pars<!--|1={{large|X}}-->|210%}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. '''WARNING''': the following is '''''NOT''''' valid since it would attempt to place the text "210" inside the parentheses (this is because the positional parameter 1 is assigned the value 210) and then attempt to pass {{large|X}} as the percentage number to the template {{tl|font}} (this is because the positional parameter 2 is assigned the value <nowiki>{{large|X}}</nowiki>) even though it is not a valid number. <pre> If {{math|{{pars|210%|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative. </pre> It results in the following ill-formed output: :If {{math|{{pars|210%|{{large|X}}}} < 0}}, then {{mvar|X}} is negative.<!--This is a deliberate error, including a Linter error. Please do not "fix" it. --> == See also == * {{tl|abs}} * {{tl|bra-ket}} * {{tl|math}} * {{tl|norm}} * {{tl|pipe}} * {{tl|langle}} and {{tl|rangle}} {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> spw4kr97pp5vzxuvm46wcuisrp4fwzx 10 11331 84412 2022-05-19T23:16:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Font wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="font-family:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{font|}}} |{{{font}}}|sans-serif}};font-size:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{size|}}} |{{{size}}}|100%}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{color|}}} |color:{{{color}}}|color:black}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{bgcolor|}}} |background-color:{{{bgcolor}}}|background-color:transparent}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{title|}}} |title:{{{title}}}|}};{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{css|}}} |{{{css}}}|}}">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{1|}}} |{{{1}}}|{{{text}}}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> i1bbj2sg10gw4vizcbvb6jhvpkkyzvf 10 11332 84413 2022-05-19T23:16:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Font/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-semicolon]]}} == About == '''<nowiki>{{font}}</nowiki>''' is used to define text styles, for example, size and color. It can also be used to inject [[CSS]]. This can be useful when needed to change "I" in Arial to "{{font|I|font=Times New Roman}}" in Times New Roman, since in Arial, uppercase "I" looks the same as lowercase "L". == Use == <code><nowiki>{{font|TEXT(or「text=TEXT」)|font=FONT|size=SIZE（px/em/pt/%）|color=COLOR|bgcolor=BACKGROUND COLOR|css=CSS}}</nowiki></code> == Examples == {| class="wikitable" !Markup !Display |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Some text.|font=|size=|color=}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|text=Some text.|font=|size=|color=}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Some text.|font=Comic Sans MS|size=20px|color=#7f5620}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|text=Some text.|font=Comic Sans MS|size=20px|color=#7f5620}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|Illinois|font=Times New Roman|size=20px}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|Illinois|font=Times New Roman|size=20px}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|Illinois|font=Arial|size=20px}}</nowiki></code> || {{font|Illinois|font=Arial|size=20px}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|啡色的文字。|font=標楷體|size=20px|color=#7f5620}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|啡色的文字。|font=標楷體|size=20px|color=#7f5620}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=Hello World!|font=Century Gothic|size=35px|color=#bf00bf}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=Hello World!|font=Century Gothic|size=35px|color=#bf00bf}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=囧囧囧囧囧|font=Simhei|color=#c9b295|bgcolor=#364d6a}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=囧囧囧囧囧|font=Simhei|color=#c9b295|bgcolor=#364d6a}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=可以選用全部選項。|font=Simhei|size=20px|color=#5a7aad|bgcolor=#f9f9ef}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=可以選用全部選項，|font=Simhei|size=20px|color=#5a7aad|bgcolor=#f9f9ef}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{font|text=也可以只選用其中一項選項。|size=25px}}</nowiki></code> |{{font|text=也可以只選用其中一項選項。|size=25px}} |} == Defaults == {| class="wikitable" !Parameter !Default |- |<code>font</code> |Sans-serif |- |<code>size</code> |100% |- |<code>color</code> |black |- |<code>bgcolor</code> |transparent |} ==Limitations== This template should not be used around multiple paragraphs. For example, it should not be used around multiple bullet or numbered points or more than one cell of a table. It may, however, surround as many uses of <code><nowiki><br /></nowiki></code> as desired. ==Template data== {{template data header}} {{cot|title=Template data parameterlist|bg=#ddd}} <templatedata> { "params": { "text": {}, "1": {}, "font": {}, "size": {}, "color": {}, "bgcolor": {}, "title": {}, "css": {} } } </templatedata> {{cob}} == See also == * {{tl|font color}} * {{tl|script}} {{font size templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Text color templates]] <!-- 本行下加入模板的分類 --> <!-- 本行下加入模板的跨語言鏈接 --> }}</includeonly> 33ghwvqfal0yxz8laoxy6od13dvr7kf 10 11333 84414 2022-05-19T23:17:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template data header wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:TemplateData header]] 4f5j00d4fbzl99id7id41c4xn7tyk03 10 11334 84415 2022-05-19T23:18:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ceil wikitext text/x-wiki ⌈{{{1}}}⌉<noinclude>{{Documentation|content= == Description == Displays the parameter wrapped in ceiling symbols. This template is for display, not calculation. == Examples == {{demo|<nowiki>{{Ceil|45.23}}</nowiki>}} {{demo|<nowiki>{{Ceil|''x''}}</nowiki>}} == See also == {{Math templates|notation}} [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</noinclude> mjqrfusruflc42y6ev3rgotfqp5jber 10 11335 84416 2022-05-19T23:18:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mvar wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8k22bfpb1fumx1hoy2fvyn75gfrondy 10 11336 84417 2022-05-19T23:18:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mvar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{high-use| 2796 }} The '''mvar''' template makes the argument italic and formats as mathematics. It is used to refer to individual variables in normal running text. It should not be used within a {{tl|math}} template. Note that digits in a variable name are conventionally not italic so {{tl|math}} should be used instead in for example <nowiki>{{math|''x''<sub>1</sub>}}</nowiki> to produce {{math|''x''<sub>1</sub>}}. Functions and variables made up of multiple letters are conventionally set in upright letters so {{tl|math}} should be used in that case too; for example <nowiki>{{math|cos}}</nowiki> to produce {{math|cos}}. == Usage == For example: <pre> Let {{mvar|x}} be the maximum value used. </pre> produces: Let {{mvar|x}} be the maximum value used. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "variable", "type": "line", "required": true } }, "description": "Marks text as a variable and formats it as math", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|var}}, for non-mathematical variables * {{tl|math}}, which formats its argument as mathematics * {{tl|bigmath}}, the same as {{tl|math}} but makes it bigger * {{tl|tmath}}, which wraps a [[TeX|TeX]] math expression in <code><nowiki><math></nowiki></code> tags {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> lh0jdyct6xmoocmziswkj6xphy9762o 10 11337 84418 2022-05-19T23:19:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sfrac wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||$B=<templatestyles src="Sfrac/styles.css" /><span role="math" class="sfrac {{#if:{{{3|}}}|">{{{1}}}<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="}}<!-- -->tion"><!-- --><span class="num">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1}}}|1}}}}</span><!-- --><span class="sr-only">/</span><!-- --><span class="den">{{{3|{{{2|{{{1|1}}}}}}}}}</span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|</span>}}<!-- --></span>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO /doc SUBPAGE - NOT HERE.--> </noinclude> ex0ad465wrzug530kqwy34906tu4j6j 10 11338 84419 2022-05-19T23:19:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sfrac/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Sfrac/styles.css}} This template builds an alternative form of [[common fraction]]s, using a [[Vinculum (symbol)|vinculum]] (horizontal line), for [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)|scientific and mathematical text]]. It takes one, two or three parameters: the optional integer (may be signed), the optional numerator and the required denominator; in this order. Please '''do not''' substitute it. ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|A|B|C}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|A|B|C}} (integer, numerator and denominator) ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|A|B}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|A|B}} (numerator and denominator) ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|A}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|A}} (denominator only) == Examples == {{sfrac|2}} {{sfrac|3}} {{sfrac|2|3}} {{sfrac|4}} {{sfrac|3|4}} {{sfrac|5}} {{sfrac|2|5}} {{sfrac|3|5}} {{sfrac|4|5}} {{sfrac|6}} {{sfrac|5|6}} {{sfrac|7}} {{sfrac|2|7}} {{sfrac|3|7}} {{sfrac|4|7}} {{sfrac|5|7}} {{sfrac|6|7}} {{sfrac|8}} {{sfrac|3|8}} {{sfrac|5|8}} {{sfrac|7|8}} {{sfrac|16}} {{sfrac|3|16}} {{sfrac|5|16}} {{sfrac|7|16}} {{sfrac|9|16}} {{sfrac|11|16}} {{sfrac|13|16}} {{sfrac|15|16}} {{sfrac|22|7}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}} {{sfrac|2{{pi}}|''a''²''b''}} '''Inside the {{tl|math|...}} template (for inline math):''' {{math| {{sfrac|2}} {{sfrac|3}} {{sfrac|2|3}} {{sfrac|4}} {{sfrac|3|4}} {{sfrac|5}} {{sfrac|2|5}} {{sfrac|3|5}} {{sfrac|4|5}} {{sfrac|6}} {{sfrac|5|6}} {{sfrac|7}} {{sfrac|2|7}} {{sfrac|3|7}} {{sfrac|4|7}} {{sfrac|5|7}} {{sfrac|6|7}} {{sfrac|8}} {{sfrac|3|8}} {{sfrac|5|8}} {{sfrac|7|8}} {{sfrac|16}} {{sfrac|3|16}} {{sfrac|5|16}} {{sfrac|7|16}} {{sfrac|9|16}} {{sfrac|11|16}} {{sfrac|13|16}} {{sfrac|15|16}} {{sfrac|22|7}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}} {{sfrac|2{{pi}}|''a''²''b''}} }} '''Inside the {{tl|bigmath|...}} template (for standalone math):''' {{bigmath| {{sfrac|2}} {{sfrac|3}} {{sfrac|2|3}} {{sfrac|4}} {{sfrac|3|4}} {{sfrac|5}} {{sfrac|2|5}} {{sfrac|3|5}} {{sfrac|4|5}} {{sfrac|6}} {{sfrac|5|6}} {{sfrac|7}} {{sfrac|2|7}} {{sfrac|3|7}} {{sfrac|4|7}} {{sfrac|5|7}} {{sfrac|6|7}} {{sfrac|8}} {{sfrac|3|8}} {{sfrac|5|8}} {{sfrac|7|8}} {{sfrac|16}} {{sfrac|3|16}} {{sfrac|5|16}} {{sfrac|7|16}} {{sfrac|9|16}} {{sfrac|11|16}} {{sfrac|13|16}} {{sfrac|15|16}} {{sfrac|22|7}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}} {{sfrac|2{{pi}}|''a''²''b''}} }} ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:Rendering math]] * {{tl|frac}}, displays common fractions using a [[fraction slash]] * {{tl|BSsplit}}, for two lines of text, with formatting options * {{tl|BScvt}}, for two distances * {{tl|su}} ({{su|p=superscript|b=subscript}} text) – to align both b=subscript & p=[[superscript]] * {{tl|sub}} ({{sub|subscript}} text) – to show a [[subscript]] * {{tl|sup}} ({{sup|superscript}} text) – to show a [[superscript]] * {{tl|sup sub}} (text{{sup sub|sup|sub}}) – for both 1=superscript & 2=subscript * [[Help:Displaying a formula#Fractions, matrices, multilines]] * [[Help:Convert#Fractions]] * [[Number Forms]], a Unicode block consisting primarily of vulgar fractions * [[OpenType]] fonts feature ''afrc'', [[CSS]] {{code|font-variant-numeric:stacked-fractions|css}} with little support as of 2020 {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Fraction templates]] }}</includeonly> qr9kh9v1k49eejh6d6q5fzva4sidoe5 828 11339 84420 2022-05-19T23:20:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unsubst Scribunto text/plain local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} local BODY_PARAM = '$B' local specialParams = { ['$params'] = 'parameter list', ['$aliases'] = 'parameter aliases', ['$flags'] = 'flags', ['$B'] = 'template content', ['$template-name'] = 'template invocation name override', } function p.main(frame, body) -- If we are substing, this function returns a template invocation, and if -- not, it returns the template body. The template body can be specified in -- the body parameter, or in the template parameter defined in the -- BODY_PARAM variable. This function can be called from Lua or from -- #invoke. -- Return the template body if we aren't substing. if not mw.isSubsting() then if body ~= nil then return body elseif frame.args[BODY_PARAM] ~= nil then return frame.args[BODY_PARAM] else error(string.format( "no template content specified (use parameter '%s' from #invoke)", BODY_PARAM ), 2) end end -- Sanity check for the frame object. if type(frame) ~= 'table' or type(frame.getParent) ~= 'function' or not frame:getParent() then error( "argument #1 to 'main' must be a frame object with a parent " .. "frame available", 2 ) end -- Find the invocation name. local mTemplateInvocation = require('Module:Template invocation') local name if frame.args['$template-name'] and '' ~= frame.args['$template-name'] then name = frame.args['$template-name'] -- override whatever the template name is with this name else name = mTemplateInvocation.name(frame:getParent():getTitle()) end -- Combine passed args with passed defaults local args = {} if string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*override%s*,' ) then for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if not specialParams[k] then if v == '__DATE__' then v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' ) end args[k] = v end end else for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if not specialParams[k] then if v == '__DATE__' then v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' ) end args[k] = v end end for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do args[k] = v end end -- Trim parameters, if not specified otherwise if not string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*keep%-whitespace%s*,' ) then for k, v in pairs( args ) do args[k] = mw.ustring.match(v, '^%s*(.*)%s*$') or '' end end -- Pull information from parameter aliases local aliases = {} if frame.args['$aliases'] then local list = mw.text.split( frame.args['$aliases'], '%s*,%s*' ) for k, v in ipairs( list ) do local tmp = mw.text.split( v, '%s*>%s*' ) aliases[tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[1], '^[1-9][0-9]*$')) or tmp[1]] = ((tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[2], '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or tmp[2]) end end for k, v in pairs( aliases ) do if args[k] and ( not args[v] or args[v] == '' ) then args[v] = args[k] end args[k] = nil end -- Remove empty parameters, if specified if string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*remove%-empty%s*,' ) then local tmp = 0 for k, v in ipairs( args ) do if v ~= '' or ( args[k+1] and args[k+1] ~= '' ) or ( args[k+2] and args[k+2] ~= '' ) then tmp = k else break end end for k, v in pairs( args ) do if v == '' then if not (type(k) == 'number' and k < tmp) then args[k] = nil end end end end -- Order parameters if frame.args['$params'] then local params, tmp = mw.text.split( frame.args['$params'], '%s*,%s*' ), {} for k, v in ipairs(params) do v = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(v, '^[1-9][0-9]*$')) or v if args[v] then tmp[v], args[v] = args[v], nil end end for k, v in pairs(args) do tmp[k], args[k] = args[k], nil end args = tmp end return mTemplateInvocation.invocation(name, args) end p[''] = p.main -- For backwards compatibility return p eu3d3ip0gtd6n65iz4vmtpogb62rxdi 828 11340 84421 2022-05-19T23:20:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unsubst/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please. --> {{High-risk| 3841439 |all-pages = yes}} {{Module rating|protected}} Helper module to facilitate a substituted template transform into a template transclusion. Maintenance templates, such as {{tl|Citation needed}} or {{tl|Refimprove}}, should never be substituted. A trick to avoid that is to make a template substitute to its transcluded form. Infoboxes should use [[Module:Unsubst-infobox]], as should any other templates with parameters listed in block format by default. === Usage === To turn a template into a self-substituting template, wrap the existing template code with: <pre> {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||$B= [ ... existing template code ... ] }} </pre> The wikitext to display when not substed must be given as "$B". All other parameters passed to the #invoke will be copied to the generated template invocation as default values. If the value of any of these default parameters is <code>__DATE__</code>, that value in the generated template invocation will be the current month and year. Some templates have a {{tag|noinclude|o}} but no matching {{tag|noinclude|c}} at the end of the template. In such cases the missing {{tag|noinclude|c}} must be added before the ending <code>{{))}}</code>. ==== Advanced ==== <pre> {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||$params=[ parameters ]|$aliases=[ aliases ]|$flags=[ flags ]|$B= [ ... existing template code ... ] }} </pre> Due to Lua limitations, parameters are normally ordered randomly when the template is substituted. {{para|$params}} can be used in #invoke:Unsubst to list template parameters in order, comma-separated (e.g. <code>egg,bacon,sausage,cheese,spam</code>). Numbered parameters should be before others in the list. Any remaining parameters are tacked onto the end of the generated invocation. Parameter aliases can be listed in {{para|$aliases}} (and shouldn't be listed in {{para|$params}}), and will be replaced automatically. Each alias and its replacement should be formatted as <code>alias>replacement</code>, and each of those pairs should be comma-separated (e.g. <code>œuf>egg,melt>cheese</code>). Note that this parameter can function with or without {{para|$params}}. Parameter {{para|$flags}} can be used to modify other facets of the module's behaviour; entries are comma-separated. Valid flags are <code>override</code> (allows parameters in the #invoke: to take precedence over parameters in the original template invocation); <code>keep-whitespace</code> (prevents whitespace from being trimmed from unnamed parameters); and <code>remove-empty</code> (removes empty parameters). These parameters can be manipulated using parser functions to provide more complicated options (note that in the parameters any parser function, or template or module invocation, should also have <code><nowiki>SAFESUBST:<noinclude /></nowiki></code>). Parameter {{para|$template-name}} will override the subst'd templates name with the template name assigned to this parameter. === Example === Consider a template Template:Example containing the following code: <pre> {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||foo=bar |date=__DATE__ |$B= [ ... Template code goes here ... ] }} </pre> {| class="wikitable" ! Original !! Result |- | {{tlsc|example}} || {{tlc|Example|foo=bar|date{{=}}{{#time:F Y}}}} |- | {{tlsc|example|foo{{=}}X}} || {{tlc|Example|foo{{=}}X|date{{=}}{{#time:F Y}}}} |- | {{tlsc|example|baz{{=}}X}} || {{tlc|Example|foo=bar|baz{{=}}X|date{{=}}{{#time:F Y}}}} |- | {{tlsc|example|date{{=}}January 2001}} || {{tlc|Example|foo{{=}}bar|date{{=}}January 2001}} |} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> 8oleuy2otpj2e4xfhvu87r3ot1zd052 10 11341 84422 2022-05-19T23:21:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlsc wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><code>&#123;&#123;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|subst:{{{1}}}|tlsc&#124;...}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&#124;{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|&#124;{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|&#124;{{{4}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|&#124;{{{5}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|&#124;{{{6}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|&#124;{{{7}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|&#124;{{{8}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|&#124;{{{9}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|&#124;{{{10}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}|&#124;{{{11}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}|&#124;{{{12}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{13|}}}|&#124;{{{13}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{14|}}}|&#124;{{{14}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{15|}}}|&#124;{{{15}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{16|}}}|&#124;{{{16}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{17|}}}|&#124;{{{17}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{18|}}}|&#124;...}}<!-- -->&#125;&#125;</code></span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 8ldodrko6qkt4492p2xpgdmf6f5kgqy 10 11342 84423 2022-05-19T23:21:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlsc/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is the '''{{tlc|tlsc}}''' template. This page also provides the full documentation for the template '''{{tlx|tlsf}}''', which works almost exactly identically. == Purpose and naming == When a template name with braces is to be shown in documentation, the braces have to be escaped in some way so it doesn't become an actual call to the template. Instead of using <code>&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;</code> tags you can write it more simply and concisely by using the {{tlc|tlsc}} or {{tlc|tlsf}} templates. These templates work similarly to {{tlc|tls}} and {{tlc|tlsp}}, but don't make the template name into a link. When writing documentation you might want to avoid a lot of unnecessary links, since they can decrease readability. So on the first occurrence of a template name use {{tlx|tls}} or {{tlx|tlsp}}, and then use {{tlc|tlsc}} or {{tlc|tlsf}} thereafter. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Template ! style="width:15em;"|[[Wikt:mnemonic|Mnemonic]] ! Format differentiation |- | {{tlc|tlsc}} | '''T'''emplate '''l'''ink '''s'''ubstitution '''c'''ode | Uses the <code><nowiki><code>...</code></nowiki></code> tags meant for showing programming code. Essentially the non-linking equivalent of {{tlx|tlsx}}. |- | {{tlc|tlsf}} | '''T'''emplate '''l'''ink '''s'''ubstitution '''f'''ormat-normal | Uses proportional-spaced font as is normal for regular text rather than a monospace font as typically used with programming code. Essentially the non-linking equivalent of {{tlx|tlsp}}. |} The names were based on {{tlx|tls}} '''t'''emplate '''s'''ubstitution '''l'''ink', despite the fact that, unlike the actual {{tlc|tls}} template, these three don't include an actual link. The mnemonics for {{tlc|tlsf}} was invented after the fact, since the template creator used the single letters still available rather than the preferred {{tlc|tlt}} (using <nowiki><code></nowiki>) and {{tlc|tln}} (using "normal", non-coded text style) monikers. ===Basic operation=== Here is how these templates look. Code is to the left; actual rendering to the right: :{{tlc|tlsc|name|parameters}} = {{tlsc|name|parameters}} :{{tlc|tlsf|name|parameters}} = {{tlsf|name|parameters}} ===Use with editprotected templates=== Most Wikipedia users and even editors will have little or no need for use (or knowledge) of these templates. You will find them of more use if you are a writer or documenter of templates. However, editors may be pointed here when attempting to deal with edit requests on pages which have been [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] in some way. Pages which have been protected can't be edited by every user, but would-be editors can request specific changes on the corresponding [[WP:Talk page|Discussion page]]. An editor requesting a change to a semi-protected page, for example, would add the {{tl|editsemiprotected}} template, followed by their request, to the Talk page. The {{tlc|editsemiprotected}} template expands to a texty notice which includes the instruction, "Replace the {{tlc|editsemiprotected}} template with {{tlc|tlf|editsemiprotected}} when the request has been accepted or rejected." An "empowered" editor acting on the request would then change the template per this instruction. The desired effect is to replace the {{tlc|editsemiprotected}} template (with its big, eye-catching box of information) by the ''name'' of the template, merely showing that the template had been there, and acted upon. The use of the {{tlc|tlf}} template means that the template should appear in a normal, proportional font-face, as in "{{tlf|editsemiprotected}}". ==Documentation== ===Functional details=== * This template takes another ''template-name'' and some associated [[Help:Pipe trick|pipe-tricked]] [[m:Parameter#Parameters|(numbered) parameters]] (or 'pass parameters'), and displays them as an 'example demonstration' of how the ''template-name'' template could be coded, literally. Its primary use is in instruction and documentation. *Specifics here??? <!-- Coding details, other parameters (SUBST?), other notes? Cf. [[Template:Tlx]] --> *Features of {{tlc|tlsc}} and {{tlc|tlsf}}: ** They show the "subst:" needed in order to substitute a template. ** They show a template name and up to eight parameters. ** They also show empty parameters. (See examples below.) ** They prevent [[line wrap]]s in their output. ===Usage=== {{tlc|Tlc|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|...|eighth}} → {{Tlc|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|fifth|sixth|seventh|eighth}} {{tlc|Tld|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|...|eighth}} → {{Tld|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|fifth|sixth|seventh|eighth}} {{tlc|Tlf|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|...|eighth}} → {{Tlf|Template|first_parameter|second|third|fourth|fifth|sixth|seventh|eighth}} === Examples === {| class="wikitable" style="background: transparent" ! Code !! Result !! Comment |- | {{tlc|tlsc}} || {{tlsc}} || Shows its own syntax. |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name}} || {{tlsc|name}} || |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|one}} || {{tlsc|name|one}} || |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|one|two}} || {{tlsc|name|one|two}} || |- | <code><nowiki>{{{tlsc|name|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u}}</nowiki></code> || {{tlsc|name|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u}} || Shows up to 16 parameters. The rest are dropped. |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|||three|four}} || {{tlsc|name|||three|four}} || Also shows empty parameters. |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|||three||}} || {{tlsc|name|||three||}} || Even shows empty parameters that come in the end. |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|3=one=a|4=two=b}} || {{tlsc|name|one=a|two=b}} || The use of equals signs is a problem, but there is a fix; see next row. |- | {{tlc|tlsc|name|3=2=one=a|4=3=two=b}} || {{tlsc|name|2=one=a|3=two=b}} || Use numbered parameters to fix the problem with equals signs. Remember to start from 2, since the "name" is number 1. |} * '''''Exceptions:''''' If the intended template lists numerous/keyword parameters, then perhaps this template should really ''not'' be used, and just hardcode the usage with <code><nowiki>&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code>, for example: <code><nowiki>&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Anytemplate|arg1=23|size=250px|</nowiki><var>other parameters...</var><nowiki>}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;</nowiki></code>. If a vertical display, with parameters on their own lines, is desired, this can also be laid out manually in this manner, or more rapidly done with <code><nowiki><pre>...</pre></nowiki></code>. If you have equals signs in your template parameters then it probably is simpler and clearer to code it using <code>&lt;nowiki&gt;</code> tags, etc. Here are the codes to emulate {{tlc|tlf}}, {{tlc|tld}} and {{tlc|tlc}} respectively. Code is to the left and actual rendering to the right: :<code><nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code> = <nowiki>{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}</nowiki> :<code><nowiki>&lt;tt&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;</nowiki></code> = <code><nowiki>{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}</nowiki></code> :<code><nowiki>&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;</nowiki></code> = <code><nowiki>{{subst:name|one=a|two=b}}</nowiki></code> === See also === * {{tl|tlsc}} – Not linked, several parameters and text in <code>&lt;code&gt;&lt;/code&gt;</code> style. * {{tl|tlsf}} – Not linked, several parameters and normal text style. * {{tl|tls}} – Template link, no parameters and normal text style. * {{tl|tlsp}} – Template link, several parameters and interwiki links. * {{tl|tlsx}} – Template link, several parameters and interwiki links, <code>teletype</code> text style. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] [[sl:Predloga:Tlsc]] }}</includeonly> efsdmequr60sn42kpvx67lv1udo6zlk 10 11343 84424 2022-05-19T23:22:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlbare wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{str endswith|{{{1}}}|%}} <!--(i.e. if {{{1}}} is a percentage)--> | [[Template:{{{2}}}|<span style="font-size:{{{1}}};">{{{3|{{{2}}}}}}</span>]] | [[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> atiz55vvk4gem0tvnnsrtowqye3jkoh 10 11344 84425 2022-05-19T23:23:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlbare/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])----> "tlbare" {{big|⇒}} "{{bigger|'''t'''}}emplate {{bigger|'''l'''}}ink, '''bare'''" A template in the same vein as the category-linking template {{tl|c}}, producing a "bare" link –&nbsp;i.e. without "Template:" prefix, braces, etc.&nbsp;– to the template named by the first parameter. If a second parameter is supplied, it is used in place of the first as the link's text. ===Syntax=== : {{tlx|tlbare|''template_name''}} : {{tlx|tlbare|''template_name''|''link_text''}} ===Examples=== : {{tlf|tlbare|Example}} produces: {{tlbare|Example}} : {{tlf|tlbare|Example|the "Example" template}} produces: {{tlbare|Example|the "Example" template}} ===Resizing=== : {{tlx|tlbare|''N''%|''template_name''}} : {{tlx|tlbare|''N''%|''template_name''|''link_text''}} If the first parameter ends in a percent sign ("%"), it will be treated as a font-size setting for the template's output. For example: {| style="width:27em" |- | {{tlf|tlbare|Example}} || produces: || {{tlbare|Example}} |- | {{tlf|tlbare|90%|Example}} || produces: || {{tlbare|90%|Example}} |- | {{tlf|tlbare|90|Example}} || produces: || {{tlbare|90|Example}} |} ===See also=== * {{tl|c}}, the same kind of template for a category. * {{tl|tl}} and {{tlf|tnf}}, similar templates that include, respectively, braces as well as a link; and braces without a link. * {{cl|Internal template-link templates}} for more templates providing template links within Wikipedia. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!----Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata----> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> nv9oxqk9n14n394tqu0eayg2wejvrdd 10 11345 84426 2022-05-19T23:23:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Str endswith wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}{{{2|a}}}|{{{1|b}}}{{{2|b}}}|{{#invoke:String|endswith|source={{{1}}}|pattern={{{2}}} }}|yes<!--backward compatibility -->}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2bkmp0jw2nhdh2d3fc7ha9e1kbsdc1b 10 11346 84427 2022-05-19T23:23:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Str endswith/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:String}} This is the {{tl|str endswith}} meta-template. It returns "yes" if the first parameter ends with the second parameter. Both parameters are trimmed before use. === Examples === * {{tlx|str endswith|foo (bar)|(bar)}} → {{str endswith|foo (bar)|(bar)}} * {{tlx|str endswith|foo|bar}} → {{str endswith|foo|bar}} * {{tlx|str endswith|(bar)|foo (bar)}} → {{str endswith|(bar)|foo (bar)}} * {{tlx|str endswith|foo bar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bar}} → {{str endswith|foo bar | bar}} ; border cases * {{tlx|str endswith}} → {{str endswith}} * {{tlx|str endswith|<nowiki/>|<nowiki/>}} → {{str endswith||}} * {{tlx|str endswith|<nowiki/>|&#32;}} → {{str endswith|| }} * {{tlx|str endswith|&#32;|<nowiki/>}} → {{str endswith| |}} ===See also=== {{String-handling templates |anlys/tech}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:String manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> mim9z4vr01h89vy4s51i9xe8tjs8nqe 10 11347 84428 2022-05-19T23:24:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bigger wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Larger]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from alternative name}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} jj4ijw3adarv6fbm335bugoya2wvz2e 10 11348 84429 2022-05-19T23:24:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Larger wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-size:110%">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Resize/doc}} {{/TemplateData}} </noinclude> owpcd9yoluc02g6bxt7xfp9ej1zacx0 10 11349 84430 2022-05-19T23:25:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pi wikitext text/x-wiki {{mvar|π}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> silt25e9f9psdj8ozsdhp95jol1gl1g 10 11350 84431 2022-05-19T23:25:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pi/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{COinS safe|n}} Use this template to properly display the lower-case Greek letter [[pi]] as a mathematical symbol: {{pi}}. == Notes == * Do not use {{tl|pi}} within the {{tl|math}} template; use <code>&amp;pi;</code> instead. * Do not link to the article on pi with this template; use "[[pi]]" instead. == See also == * {{tl|gamma}} * {{tl|epsilon}} * {{tl|varepsilon}} * {{tl|theta}} * {{tl|vartheta}} * {{tl|kappa}} * {{tl|lambda}} * {{tl|mu}} * {{tl|sigma}} * {{tl|varsigma}} * {{tl|tau}} * {{tl|upsilon}} * {{tl|phi}} * {{tl|varphi}} * {{tl|Φ}} * {{tl|xi}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] [[Category:Character templates]] [[vi:Bản mẫu:Pi]]}}</includeonly> bbqiibv5fi86m0u0lchnerpfefar96q 10 11351 84432 2022-05-19T23:26:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bigmath wikitext text/x-wiki {{math|size=165%|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7rhjsekryk1w85n4jd27qhsn1gg8sq4 10 11352 84433 2022-05-19T23:26:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bigmath/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === Use this template to embed stand-alone formulae in wikitext. The mathematical capabilities of this template are very limited; use tables with <code>class="texhtml"</code> for formulae requiring non-linear layout. === Examples === <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{bigmath|{{sfrac|&part;&sup2;<var>f</var>|&part;<var>r</var>&sup2;}} + {{sfrac|&part;<var>f</var>|<var>r</var> &part;<var>r</var>}} + {{sfrac|&part;&sup2;<var>f</var>|<var>r</var>&sup2;&part;&sup2;<var>&theta;</var>}} {{=}} 0}} </syntaxhighlight> produces: : {{bigmath|{{sfrac|&part;&sup2;<var>f</var>|&part;<var>r</var>&sup2;}} + {{sfrac|&part;<var>f</var>|<var>r</var> &part;<var>r</var>}} + {{sfrac|&part;&sup2;<var>f</var>|<var>r</var>&sup2;&part;&sup2;<var>&theta;</var>}} {{=}} 0}} Use prefix "1=" to allow simple equals-signs. Italicize letters by double-tic (<code><nowiki>''f''</nowiki></code>): <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{bigmath|1={{sfrac|&part;&sup2; ''f''|&part;''r''&sup2;}} + {{sfrac |&part;''f''|''r'' &part;''r''}} = 0}} </syntaxhighlight> produces: : {{bigmath|1={{sfrac|&part;&sup2; ''f''|&part;''r''&sup2;}} + {{sfrac |&part;''f''|''r'' &part;''r''}} = 0}} Note that any extra spaces placed in the template will appear in the output. A long line can be split before any vertical-bar pipe ('|'). In contrast, there is <syntaxhighlight lang="tex"><math display=block>\frac{\part^2 f}{\part r^2} + \frac{\part f}{\part r} = 0</math></syntaxhighlight> which produces <math forcemathmode=mathml display=block>\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial r^2} + \frac{\partial f}{\partial r} = 0.</math> This might be an alternative for more complex examples. If that's still too small, leave a comment on https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T135419 please. === See also === {{Math templates |notation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> cb6429zq2tt1hftl0ciz3md6nqxqfv7 10 11353 84434 2022-05-19T23:26:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sfrac/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .sfrac { white-space: nowrap; } .sfrac.tion, .sfrac .tion { display: inline-block; vertical-align: -0.5em; font-size: 85%; text-align: center; } .sfrac .num, .sfrac .den { display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0 0.1em; } .sfrac .den { border-top: 1px solid; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; /* white-space: nowrap; /* already have nowrap above */ } f5d5usoxt9sjvy4y1bpvyvqdvxkcz23 10 11354 84435 2022-05-19T23:27:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Startflatlist wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Flatlist]] ly1wav42zl1oihvre3ttvke0u7ipu0l 10 11355 84436 2022-05-19T23:29:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:1/2 wikitext text/x-wiki {{frac|1|2}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ih7cqrj9jqgnsdovekpg7i95d9hqyyo 10 11356 84437 2022-05-19T23:29:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:1/2/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === The templates {{tl|1/2}}, {{tl|1/3}}, {{tl|2/3}}, {{tl|1/4}} and {{tl|3/4}} use [[HTML]] markup to create large, readable, common fractions "{{1/2}}, {{1/3}}, {{2/3}}, {{1/4}}, {{3/4}}", as opposed to the often illegible "½, ⅓, ⅔, ¼, ¾" or horizontal "[[one half|1/2]], 1/3, 2/3, 1/4, 3/4". They are intended as concise, easily interpreted alternatives to <code><nowiki>{{frac|1|2}}, {{frac|1|3}}, {{frac|2|3}}, {{frac|1|4}}, {{frac|3|4}}</nowiki></code>. * <code><nowiki>Bake for {{1/2}} hour.</nowiki></code> generates: * Bake for {{1/2}} hour. without requiring the use of bulky HTML markup. Please note that these templates do not handle preceding integers (or succeeding units) and the spacing in between, use {{tl|frac}} for that: * <code><nowiki>Bake for {{frac|2|1|2}} hours.</nowiki></code> * Bake for {{frac|2|1|2}} hours. As with {{tl|frac}}, these templates should not be used in science or mathematical articles. === See also === *{{tl|frac}} *{{tl|sfrac}} *[[Number Forms]], a Unicode block consisting primarily of vulgar fractions <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Fraction templates]] }}</includeonly> jcvmy6yjnj2rb649ebstwa9ovdy17fh 10 11357 84438 2022-05-19T23:30:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Su wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Su|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 86mq7zo1b7pnz8vimm8o4iqd9ulpsjs 10 11358 84439 2022-05-19T23:30:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Su/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{lua|Module:Su}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> == Purpose == Template for creating two smaller lines of text on one actual line, this can be used for [[Template:val|scientific notations of uncertainty]] and [[Template:PhysicsParticle|physics]] symbols, such as [[:Category:Nuclide templates|nuclides]] and [[Template:SubatomicParticle|particles]]. It was named after the '''&lt;sup>''' and '''&lt;sub>''' HTML tags, which share the first two letters of their name with this template. This template uses the third letter of the name of these tags, '''p''' and '''b''', as the name of the argument that drives the output of the top and bottom line, respectively. [[File:Nuvola apps important.svg|left|48px]] '''Editors beware''': ''these templates use all kinds of hacky tricks to make the output render correctly in a wide variety of browsers. If you plan to make changes to this template, please make sure you verify that this template renders correctly after those changes in all major browsers. This list includes the latest version(s) of Chrome, FireFox, MSIE, Opera and Safari as well as any version of those browsers that is still in common use, such as MSIE 6.0 and 7.0!'' {{clear left}} == Arguments == {| |- |style="width:2em;"| {{para|p}} || The contents of the top line. |- | {{para|b|}}|| The contents of the bottom line. |- | {{para|a|}} || The alignment of both lines ({{para|a|r}}: right-aligned; {{para|a|c}}: center-aligned; default is left-aligned). |- | {{para|w|}} || The size of the characters ({{para|w|f}}: fixed-width (monospace), otherwise template inherits the current font and context by default). |- | {{para|lh|}} || The line height or distance from top to bottom (including top character). Default is 1.2em. |} ==Note on fractions== Usually, when using vulgar fractions it is MOS habit to use &amp;frasl; <code>&frasl;</code> ([[MOS:FRAC]]) and {{tl|frac}}. However, in &lt;sub> or &lt;sup> tags, best use the keyboard slash <code>/</code> for readability in most browsers: :X{{su|p=1&frasl;2|b=7&frasl;8}} (fraction slash) {{nay}} and :X{{su|p=1/2|b=7/8}} (keyboard slash) {{aye}} == Examples == === Simple === : <code><nowiki>X{{su|p=a}} X{{su|b=b}} X{{su|p=a|b=b}} {{su|p=a|b=b}}X {{su|p=a|b=b}}X{{su|p=c|b=d}}</nowiki></code> : X{{su|p=a}} X{{su|b=b}} X{{su|p=a|b=b}} {{su|p=a|b=b}}X {{su|p=a|b=b}}X{{su|p=c|b=d}} === Left-aligned {{nobold|(default)}} === : <code><nowiki>X{{su|p=aaaaa|b=b}} X{{su|p=aaaaa|b=b}}Y X{{su|p=a|b=bbbbb}} {{su|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X</nowiki></code> : X{{su|p=aaaaa|b=b}} X{{su|p=aaaaa|b=b}}Y X{{su|p=a|b=bbbbb}} {{su|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X === Right-aligned === : <code><nowiki>X{{su|a=r|p=aaaaa|b=b}}X{{su|a=r|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X</nowiki></code> : X{{su|a=r|p=aaaaa|b=b}}X{{su|a=r|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X === Center-aligned === : <code><nowiki>X{{su|a=c|p=aaaaa|b=b}}X{{su|a=c|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X</nowiki></code> : X{{su|a=c|p=aaaaa|b=b}}X{{su|a=c|p=a|b=bbbbb}}X === Smaller font === : <code><nowiki>{{small|X{{su|p=a}}X{{su|b=b}}X{{su|p=a|b=b}}X}}</nowiki></code> : {{small|X{{su|p=a}}X{{su|b=b}}X{{su|p=a|b=b}}X}} === Larger font === : <code><nowiki>{{big|X{{su|p=a}}X{{su|b=b}}X{{su|p=a|b=b}}X}}</nowiki></code> : {{big|X{{su|p=a}}X{{su|b=b}}X{{su|p=a|b=b}}X}} === Fixed-width === : <code><nowiki>X{{su|p=...|b=www}}X{{su|w=f|p=...|b=www}}X</nowiki></code> : X{{su|p=...|b=www}}X{{su|w=f|p=...|b=www}}X === Close-spacing === : <code><nowiki>{{su|p=4|b=4}} {{su|lh=0.8em|p=4|b=4}}</nowiki></code> : {{su|p=4|b=4}} {{su|lh=0.8em|p=4|b=4}} == Line breaks == Unlike <nowiki><sup></nowiki> and <nowiki><sub></nowiki> tags, this template does not prevent line breaks between the two small lines and the preceding text. Thus, if this template is used to supply a subscript and superscript over a base symbol, the whole structure has to be enclosed in a {{tl|nowrap}}, or this template should be invoked through another template that takes care of the wrapping in an appropriate way. '''Example''': <code><nowiki>{{nowrap|X{{su|p=a|b=b}}}}</nowiki></code>&nbsp;{{big|→}} {{nowrap|X{{su|p=a|b=b}}}} == See also == {{Sup and sub-related templates}} {{Math templates |notation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis to Wikidata.--> [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] }}</includeonly> 5b91tnmivt1aw3vj2tvix5o1uovr7fv 828 11359 84440 2022-05-19T23:30:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Su Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{su}}. local p = {} function p.main(frame) -- Use arguments from the parent frame only, and remove any blank arguments. -- We don't need to trim whitespace from any arguments, as this module only -- uses named arguments, and whitespace is trimmed from them automatically. local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end -- Define the variables to pass to luaMain. local sup = args.p local sub = args.b local options = { align = args.a, fontSize = args.w, lineHeight = args.lh, verticalAlign = args.va } return p._main(sup, sub, options) end function p._main(sup, sub, options) options = options or {} local span = mw.html.create('span') -- Set the styles. span:css{ ['display'] = 'inline-block', ['margin-bottom'] = '-0.3em', ['vertical-align'] = options.verticalAlign or sub and '-0.4em' or '0.8em', ['line-height'] = options.lineHeight or '1.2em' } if options.fontSize == 'f' or options.fontSize == 'fixed' then span:css{ ['font-family'] = 'monospace', ['font-size'] = '80%' } else span:css('font-size', options.fontSize or '80%') end if options.align == 'r' or options.align == 'right' then span:css('text-align', 'right') elseif options.align == 'c' or options.align == 'center' then span:css('text-align', 'center') else span:css('text-align', 'left') end -- Add the wikitext. span :tag('sup') :css('font-size', 'inherit') :css('line-height', 'inherit') :css('vertical-align', 'baseline') :wikitext(sup) :done() :tag('br', {selfClosing = true}):done() :tag('sub') :css('font-size', 'inherit') :css('line-height', 'inherit') :css('vertical-align', 'baseline') :wikitext(sub) return tostring(span) end return p h2mdyr2llbgpoextqycep4gknds3p4s 828 11360 84441 2022-05-19T23:31:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Su/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module implements the {{tl|su}} template. It is used to create two smaller lines of text on one actual line. == Usage from wikitext == This module cannot be used directly from wikitext. It can only be used through a template, usually the {{tl|su}} template. Please see the template page for documentation. == Usage from Lua modules == To use this module from other Lua modules, first load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mSu = require('Module:Su') </syntaxhighlight> You can then generate the su links by using the _main function. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mSu._main(sup, sub, options) </syntaxhighlight> <var>sup</var> is the contents of the top line, and <var>sub</var> is the contents of the bottom line. <var>options</var> is a table that can contain the following fields: * <code>align</code> - this can be set to "r" or "right" for right-alignment, and "c" or "center" for center-alignment. Anything else will make the output left-aligned. Must be a string value. * <code>fontSize</code> - the font size of the text, e.g. "90%". If set to "f" or "fixed", the module will output a fixed-width font at 80%. Must be a string value. * <code>lineHeight</code> - the distance from top to bottom (including top character). Default is 1.2em. Must be a string value. * <code>verticalAlign</code> - The base alignment from the bottom. Default depends on presence of <code>sub</code>; -0.4em if present, 0.8em if not. Must be a string value. All arguments are optional. === Examples === {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result |- | {{code|mSu._main('top-line text', 'bottom-line text')|lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text|b=bottom-line text}} |- | {{code|1=mSu._main('top-line text', 'bottom-line text', {fontSize = '100%'})|2=lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text|b=bottom-line text|w=100%}} |- | {{code|1=mSu._main('top-line text', 'bottom-line text', {fontSize = 'f'})|2=lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text|b=bottom-line text|w=f}} |- | {{code|1=mSu._main('top-line text', 'bottom-line text', {align = 'r'})|2=lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text|b=bottom-line text|a=r}} |- | {{code|1=mSu._main('top-line text', 'bottom-line text', {align = 'c'})|2=lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text|b=bottom-line text|a=c}} |- | {{code|1=mSu._main('12', '8', {align = 'c', lineHeight = '0.8em'})|2=lua}} | {{su|p=12|b=8|a=c|lh=0.8em}} |- | {{code|mSu._main('top-line text')|lua}} | {{su|p=top-line text}} |- | {{code|mSu._main(nil, 'bottom-line text')|lua}} | {{su|b=bottom-line text}} |} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> }}</includeonly> qjc2vveu8oh40cim61rxi3f3uw97gs3 10 11361 84442 2022-05-19T23:31:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sup and sub-related templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox with columns | name = Sup and sub-related templates | state = {{{state|}}} | title = Superscript and subscript-related templates <!--------------------------- {{sup}}/{{sub}} and related -----------------------------> | col1header = <nowiki>{{sup}}</nowiki> and related templates | col1 = {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=nowrap | {{tlbare|sup}} | | text{{sup|superscript}}{{spaces|4}}{{sup|superscript}}text | {{tlbare|smallsup}} | ({{tlbare|ssup}}) | text{{smallsup|small superscript}}{{spaces|4}}{{smallsup|small superscript}}text | {{tlbare|i sup}} | ({{tlbare|isup}}{{int:dot-separator}}{{tlbare|padlsup}}) | ''text''{{i sup|superscript}}{{spaces|2}}({{smaller|rather than:}}&nbsp;''text''{{sup|superscript}}) | {{tlbare|i smallsup}} | ({{tlbare|issup}}{{int:dot-separator}}{{tlbare|padlssup}}) | ''text''{{i smallsup|small superscript}}{{spaces|2}}({{smaller|rather than:}}&nbsp;''text''{{smallsup|small superscript}}) | {{tlbare|b sup}} | ({{tlbare|bsup}}) | text{{b sup|superscript}}{{spaces|2}}({{smaller|rather than:}}&nbsp;text{{sup|superscript}}) | {{tlbare|sub}} | | text{{sub|subscript}}{{spaces|4}}{{sub|subscript}}text | {{tlbare|smallsub}} | ({{tlbare|ssub}}) | text{{smallsub|small subscript}}{{spaces|4}}{{smallsub|small subscript}}text | {{tlbare|subsub}} | | text{{subsub|double-subscripted}}{{spaces|4}}{{subsub|double-subscripted}}text }} <!---------------------------- Combined sup/sub -------------------------------> | col2style = border-left:1px solid #aaa; | col2header = Combined super/subscripts | col2 = {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=nowrap | {{tlbare|su}} | | text{{su|p=p&#61;superscript|b=b&#61;subscript}}{{spaces|4}}{{su|p=p&#61;superscript|b=b&#61;subscript}}text | {{tlbare|sup sub}} | | text{{sup sub|sup|sub}}{{spaces|4}}{{sup sub|sup|sub}}text | {{tlbare|±}} | | 1.23{{±|4|2}} | {{tlbare|overunderset}}&nbsp;/ {{tlbare|underoverset}} | | {{overunderset|text|superscript|subscript}} }} | below = [[Subscript and superscript]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation | content = {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} {{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}}}<!--(end Documentation)--> </noinclude> babdmh4dmgao67ow5drm5ysh7hog2of 10 11362 84443 2022-05-19T23:32:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nay wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Red x.svg|13px|alt=Red X|link=]]<span style="display: none;">N</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pv0kgw2wx2harjo87rxg5sjm9rs7iq2 10 11363 84444 2022-05-19T23:32:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Nay/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == A simple template to be used in various to-do lists for easier organization of solved and unsolved issues. ===TemplateData=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "Displays a red cross, meaning \"no\". A simple template to be used in various to-do lists for easier organization of solved and unsolved issues. No parameters." } </templatedata> == See also == {{Check mark templates}} {{Done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia-specific image insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> bqq96v97xe3ht68a67jf2jz8qw32z2l 10 11364 84445 2022-05-19T23:32:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Clear left wikitext text/x-wiki {{Clear|left}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Clear/doc}} </noinclude> sij6fpy41vrmcjrpzuw1khz627y3217 10 11365 84446 2022-05-19T23:33:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:I sup wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{2|}}} |<span style="padding-left:{{{1}}};"><sup>{{{2}}}</sup></span> |<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>{{{1}}}</sup></span>}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> c1ydr9znjelubgb2tdytil77a0bllj1 10 11366 84447 2022-05-19T23:34:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:I sup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|isup|padlsup}} Use this template to add a little padding before a superscript so that it doesn't clash with adjacent&nbsp;– and especially italic&nbsp;– text: : {{tc|isup|''text to superscript''}} for the default padding; : {{tc|isup|''N_units''|''text to superscript''}} or, using another shortcut, {{tc|padlsup|''N_units''|''text to superscript''}}<br />&nbsp;for ''N_units'' of padding, where ''N_units'' is a number followed by a display-related unit ([[Em (typography)|em]], [[Pixel|px]], [[Point (typography)|pt]], etc). For example, {{tlf|padlsup|1px|blah}}. ; {{tlf|i sup}} {{nobold|(with default padding)}} and <nowiki><sup></nowiki> compared : <code><nowiki>[[SS Kroonland|SS ''Kroonland'']]{{i sup|2}}</nowiki></code> produces: [[SS Kroonland|SS ''Kroonland'']]{{i sup|2}} : <code><nowiki>[[SS Kroonland|SS ''Kroonland'']]<sup>2</sup></nowiki></code> produces: [[SS Kroonland|SS ''Kroonland'']]<sup>2</sup> ===See also=== * {{tl|i smallsup}} for a version of this template where the superscripted text is rendered as <nowiki><small></nowiki>. * {{hlist |{{tn|'}} |{{tn|'s}} |{{tn|' "}} |{{tn|" '}} |{{tn|" ' "}} |{{tn|!}} }} * {{tl|sup and sub-related templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] }}</includeonly> qdg8gkhhgqcb1p6asgihrr2vk4u3wj0 10 11367 84448 2022-05-19T23:34:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:B sup wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><sup style="font-weight:bold;">{{{1}}}</sup></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> onjbi0h37qwdmcrqcxq8uiupt2dcebd 10 11368 84449 2022-05-19T23:34:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:B sup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{template shortcut|bsup}} Use this template to add bold superscript text. == Usage == ; Markup: &rarr; <code><nowiki>[[George W. De Long]]{{bsup|†}} – presented to his wife</nowiki></code> ; Result: &rarr; [[George W. De Long]]{{bsup|†}} – presented to his wife == See also == {{sup and sub-related templates|state=collapsed}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| |<!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> sva8bx2c1o50xnf6j1x8akqriwwh7bw 10 11369 84450 2022-05-19T23:35:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bsup wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:B sup]] {{rcat shell|{{r from template shortcut}}}} [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] 0qs5wphtoevats0kg2t9tvrel658553 10 11370 84451 2022-05-19T23:35:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:± wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{su |p=+{{{1}}} |b=&minus;{{{2}}}}} |<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>{{{1}}} }} |<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ofx2rvbqyz1u9g9usup6mdtaxmvr9xq 10 11371 84452 2022-05-19T23:35:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:±/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcuts |+-}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{± | plusValue | minusValue}}</nowiki></code> The template can be written "+-" for ease of typing, e.g. <code><nowiki>70.5{{+-|2.0|1.8}}</nowiki></code>. == Examples == <code><nowiki>{{±|2}}</nowiki></code> returns {{±|2}} <code><nowiki>{{±|2.0|1.8}}</nowiki></code> returns {{±|2.0|1.8}} == See also == {{Sup and sub-related templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] [[Category:Superscript and subscript templates]] }}</includeonly> 5obk4yjkgzlrlj690z2d9ozer4787j8 10 11372 84453 2022-05-19T23:36:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Smaller wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Small]] {{r from merge}} 3z51arixnhrihpfrsykunpq1dagbnx1 10 11373 84454 2022-05-19T23:37:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Spaces wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{1|1}}}}} |{{#switch:{{{1}}} |fig=&#8199; |en=&ensp; |em=&emsp; |thin=&thinsp; |hair=&#8202; |&nbsp; }} |{{#invoke:String|rep|{{#switch:{{{2}}} |fig=&#8199; |en=&ensp; |em=&emsp; |thin=&thinsp; |hair=&#8202; |&nbsp; }}|{{{1|1}}}}} }}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> jukvcl40dksi5vvimpqq0n6czue0473 10 11374 84455 2022-05-19T23:37:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Spaces/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION AFTER THIS LINE --> {{Template shortcut|&nbsp|nbs|nbsp|nbsp;|space|spcs}} {{COinS safe|n}} {{high use}} {{stack|{{Lua|Module:String}}}}<!--wider box than {{Template shortcut}}--> A template to produce one or more [[non-breaking space]]s (<code>&amp;nbsp;</code> character entities). == Usage == === Syntax === {{larger|<code><nowiki>{{spaces|</nowiki>''N''{{!}}''type''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>}} produces ''N'' consecutive non-breaking spaces (where ''N'' is a [[Integer|whole number]] larger than zero) of the type specified by the second parameter (which are ordered by decreasing space width): <code>em</code>, <code>fig</code>, <code>en</code>, <code>thin</code>, <code>hair</code>. If type is not specified, ''N'' non-breaking spaces (<syntaxhighlight inline lang=xml>&nbsp;</syntaxhighlight>) are produced. A non-breaking space has the same width as a standard space, whose width is between the width of <code>en</code> and <code>thin</code>. {{larger|<code><nowiki>{{spaces|</nowiki>''type''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>}} produces a single non-breaking space of the type indicated. === Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes === This template, usually as its alias {{tlx|nbsp}}, may be used with {{tlx|wbr}} and {{tlx|nowrap}} to control line-breaking in bulletless lists in infoboxes, to prevent wrapped long entries from being confused with multiple entries. See [[Template:Wbr/doc#Controlling line-breaking in infoboxes]] for details. ==Comparisons== {{Space comparison}} == Template data == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Inserts one or more non-breaking spaces", "params": { "1": { "label": "Quantity", "description": "How many non-breaking spaces to insert", "type": "number", "default": "1" }, "2": { "label": "Type", "description": "Non-default types (in decreasing order of width): em, fig, en, thin, hair", "type": "string", "default": "&nbsp;", "suggestedvalues": [ "em", "fig", "en", "nbsp", "thin", "hair" ] } } } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Template:Non breaking hyphen]] * [[Help:Advanced text formatting]] * {{tl|0}} to add invisible characters * {{tl|block indent}} to indent an entire block of content, similar to a [[Template:Quote|block quotation]] (uses {{tag|div|o}} and CSS margins) * {{tlg|nowrap|item|italic=on}} to stop the linewrapping of any part of {{var|item}} {{Inline spacing templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] [[Category:Character templates]] }}</includeonly> gmkz4g1ydu705bvt54ycw6xv68k1x2r 10 11375 84456 2022-05-19T23:37:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stack wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Stack/styles.css"/><div class="stack {{#switch:{{{float|right}}}|left=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|left|true=clear-}}left|right=stack-{{#switch:{{{margin|}}}|1|true|y|yes=margin-}}{{#switch:{{{clear|}}}|right|true=clear-}}right}}"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{1}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{2}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{3}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{4}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{5}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{6}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{7}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{8}}}</div>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|<div {{#if:{{{cellspacing|}}}|style="margin: {{{cellspacing}}}px"}}>{{{9}}}</div>}}<!-- --></div>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using stack with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Stack]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | cellspacing | clear | float | margin }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> al56lyqownmqw5dpy7qn6ow8f8hf73i 10 11376 84457 2022-05-19T23:38:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stack/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Stack/styles.css}} {{Stack documentation}} <templatedata> { "params": {} } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Graphics templates]] [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> 87iyqbfghvfs6eoblj0hw5464tfizjk 10 11377 84458 2022-05-19T23:38:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stack/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .stack { box-sizing: border-box; } .stack > div { margin: 1px; overflow: hidden; } @media all and (min-width: 720px) { .stack-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; } .stack-clear-right { float: right; clear: right; } .stack-left { float: left; } .stack-right { float: right; } .stack-margin-clear-left { float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1em; } .stack-margin-clear-right { float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; } .stack-margin-left { float: left; margin-right: 1em; } .stack-margin-right { float: right; margin-left: 1em; } } d52q07ht4d2goi0cwey2ba3cxmv0gq5 10 11378 84459 2022-05-19T23:39:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stack documentation wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{ombox |text=This template serves as the shared documentation for {{tl|Stack}}, {{tl|Stack begin}}, and {{tl|Stack end}}.}} </noinclude> This template can be used to stack images and other floating content such as infobox templates without causing problems with spacing and floating. Enter a string of images/templates as the first parameter to have them stack without generating floating errors or spacing errors. You can stack many objects from the top of a section and not force further subsections to space out. {{TOClimit|3}} == Usage == At its simplest: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{stack|<objects>}} </syntaxhighlight> Alternatively, using {{tld|stack begin}} and {{tld|stack end}}: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{stack begin}} <objects> {{stack end}} </syntaxhighlight> The <code><object></code> may simply be a string of wikicode for many images/templates. ===Optional parameters=== <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{stack| <object(s)> | float=left or right | clear=true or false | margin=true or false}} </syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{stack begin | float=left or right | clear=true or false | margin=true or false}} </syntaxhighlight> where *float= ''left'' or ''right'' (default is '''right''') *: This option can be used to float the stack to the left or right of the page *clear= ''true'' or ''false'' (default is '''false''') *: This option can be used to force the stack to the far left or right (e.g., near an infobox). *margin= ''true'' or ''false'' (default is '''false''') *: This option can be used to add a 1em margin to the left (for float right) or right (for float left). You can also explicitly list multiple arguments: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{stack| float=left or right | clear=true or false | margin=true or false |1=<object(s)> |2=<object(s)>, etc. up to 9 parameters in the current version }} </syntaxhighlight> * This multiple argument version does include extra vertical whitespace between each (set of) <code><object(s)></code>. == Examples == <!-- -->To illustrate the utility of the stack templates, consider the following situation. We would like to have two right floating images at the top of the first section of our article (here, the ''Lipsum'' section), and one left floating image at the top of the second section (here, the ''Lorem'' section). To achieve this layout, without using a stack template, we could try the following code:<!-- --><syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> =====''Lipsum''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 1a]] [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 1b]] ... text ... =====''Lorem''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|left|Example 1c]] ... text ... =====''Ipsum''===== ... text ... </syntaxhighlight><!-- -->The result of this is shown in the [[#Without stack|without stack]] section below. Notice how the left floating image (Example 1c) is prevented from floating above the last right floating image (Example 1b). You may need to resize the width of your browser to fully appreciate the issue. To fix this problem, we can stack the two right floating images together, using the following code:<!-- --><syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> =====''Lipsum''===== {{stack |[[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 2a]] [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 2b]]}} ... text ... =====''Lorem''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|left|Example 2c]] ... text ... =====''Ipsum''===== ... text ... </syntaxhighlight><!-- -->The result of this is show in the [[#With stack|with stack]] section below. Notice how by adding this stack template, the left floating image (Example 2c) can now float higher and is not blocked from floating higher than the top of the last right floating image (Example 2b). {{clear}} {{anchor|Without stack}} ====Without {{tlf|stack}}==== =====''Lipsum''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 1a]] [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 1b]] {{lipsum}} =====''Lorem''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|left|Example 1c]] {{lipsum}} =====''Ipsum''===== {{lipsum}} {{lipsum}} {{clear}} {{anchor|With stack}} ====With {{tlf|stack}}==== ---- =====''Lipsum''===== {{stack|[[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 2a]] [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|right|Example 2b]]}} {{lipsum}} =====''Lorem''===== [[File:Simple shapes example.png|thumb|left |Example 2c]] {{lipsum}} =====''Ipsum''===== {{lipsum}} {{lipsum}} {{clear}} ====With {{tlf|stack begin}} and {{tlf|stack end}}==== =====''Lipsum'' with second table wider===== {{stack begin}} {| class="wikitable" ! Sample table 1 |- | Example 1a |- | Example 1b |- |} {| class="wikitable" ! Sample wider table 2 |- |Example 2a |- |Example 2b |- |} {{stack end}} {{lipsum}} =====''Lorem''===== {| style="background:whitesmoke;" ! Sample table 3 |- | Example 3a |- |} {{lipsum}} =====''Ipsum''===== {{lipsum}} {{lipsum}} {{clear}} =====''Lipsum'' with first table wider===== {{stack begin}} {| class="wikitable" ! Sample wider table 1 |- | Example 1a |- | Example 1b |- |} {| class="wikitable" ! Sample table 2 |- | Example 2a |- | Example 2b |- |} {{stack end}} {{lipsum}} =====''Lorem''===== {| style="background:whitesmoke;" ! Sample table 3 |- | Example 3a |- |} {{lipsum}} =====''Ipsum''===== {{lipsum}} {{lipsum}} {{clear}} ===More examples=== {{tlf|Stack}} can also be used to float one or more images across a page. {{stack |[[File:Simple shapes example.png|80px]]}} {{stack |[[File:Simple shapes example.png|120px]]}} <pre style="width:25.0em;overflow:auto;"> {{stack|[[File:Simple shapes example.png|80px]]}} {{stack|[[File:Simple shapes example.png|120px]]}} </pre> It might take some experience to learn how the box area floats, in combination with various images or [[WP:Wikitables|wikitables]] on a page. {{tlf|Stack}}'s operation is very quick, as it uses an [[HTML]] &lt;table> to achieve its effects. ===Floating portal boxes=== {{tlf|Stack}} can be used to float a portal box beside an infobox (or other right-aligned item) when other methods might not work as anticipated. {{infobox |label1=Infobox |data1=line 1 <br />line 2 <br />line 3 <br />line 4 <br />line 5 <br />line 6 <br />line 7 <br />line 8 <br />line 9 }} [[File:Mona Lisa, by Leonardo da Vinci, from C2RMF retouched.jpg|thumb|right|60px|Test image]] {| class="wikitable" |style="width:33.0em<!--(was 420px)-->;"| This is a wikitable serving as a typical left-aligned table. The overlap on left-aligned tables had been a frequent problem when other boxes nearby were set to "float:right". So this is a test of how well a floating portal-box would avoid overlapping onto a left-side table. |} {{stack |{{portal|Animals}}{{portal|Cats}}}} The example here uses {{tld|stack}} to float two portal boxes (Animals, Cats) as follows: <pre style="width:32em; overflow:auto"> {{stack |{{portal|Animals}}{{portal|Cats}} }} </pre> The two portal-boxes are stacked and floated together by both being listed as {{tld|stack}}'s (first) parameter. Because the infobox and image were also stacked together, {{tld|stack}} moved the two portal-boxes alongside the infobox despite they are being specified after the image. Normally, a portal-box would be stuck below the Mona Lisa image, causing this entire text section to format further below, and causing a large text-gap of empty whitespace to appear near the infobox. There is no limit to the number of portalboxes (or Commonscat boxes) which can be listed within a {{tld|stack}} call, such as in a stub or an article with many stacked images near the bottom. Using {{tld|stack}} is extremely efficient, due to being a short template which uses builtin tag &lt;table> to float the boxes. == Stack template family == * {{tl|Stack}} * {{tl|Stack begin}} * {{tl|Stack end}} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Pages using stack with unknown parameters}} == See also == * {{tl|Multiple image}}, providing both vertical and horizontal layouts for multiple images. * {{tl|Superimpose}}, which places one image over another. * {{tl|Superimpose2}}, which can place up to fifty image layers over one another. * [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax#The many-floating-objects problem]] <noinclude> [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] </noinclude> aa9nsuxrz1d5h4rn6f1ta256j9d58cd 10 11379 84460 2022-05-19T23:40:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lipsum wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>0|{{lorem/p-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P1|link={{{link|{{{4|no}}}}}}}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>1|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P2}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>2|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P3}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>3|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P4}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>4|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P5}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>5|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P6}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>6|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P7}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>7|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P8}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>8|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P9}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>9|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P10}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>10|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P11}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>11|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P12}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>12|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P13}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>13|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P14}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>14|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P15}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>15|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P16}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>16|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P17}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>17|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P18}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>18|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P19}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>19|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P20}}{{{3|}}}}}{{lorem/p-end-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{cat|}}}|no||{{Template:Main other|[[Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --> </noinclude> ghanwl3uykfban8ym3d3o0mduwfwglq 10 11380 84461 2022-05-19T23:40:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lipsum/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} <!---PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE <includeonly> SECTION AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE---> {{template shortcut|Ipsum|Lipsum|Lorem|Loremipsum}} This template outputs the "[[lorem ipsum]]" filler text. It takes four parameters: the number of paragraphs to generate, paragraph prefix, paragraph suffix, and an option to link lorem ipsum. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20 in one use. ==Usage== {{tlc|Lorem ipsum}} – one paragraph<br/> {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|3|*}} – three paragraphs as bullet list<br/> {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|10}} – ten paragraphs ==Parameters== There are four positional parameters and two named parameters, all optional: * 1 – Number of paragraphs to display (1..20; default: 1) * 2 – prefix character(s) to emit before each paragraph (such as a quotation mark, an asterisk for bullet list, etc.; default: none) * 3 – suffix (such as ending quote; default: none) * 4 – if set to {{para|4|yes}}, causes the first two words of paragraph 1 to be linked to [[Lorem ipsum]]. (default: 'no'. Alias: 'link'.) * join – if set to {{para|join|yes}}, causes all output to be emitted as a single paragraph (default: 'no'). Use of 'join' alters how prefix is handled. * cat – Adds article to [[:Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]], unless {{para|cat|no}} (default: 'yes') ==Notes about font styling== For most parameter combinations, this template produces block-level Html output, and for those cases, font styling using [[Help:Wikitext#Format|wiki markup]] such as <code><nowiki>'''bold'''</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>''italic''</nowiki></code> or {{nowrap|<code><nowiki><small>...</small></nowiki></code>}} may not produce the desired results. (This is true of all templates that generate [[HTML_element#Block_elements|Html block elements]].) If font styling is required, you can use block level alternatives, such as these: * for smaller font, you may use ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{small div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> * for bold ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{bold div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> * for italics ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{italic div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> The latter two have a parameter to make the text smaller at the same time. Alternatively, if you only need one paragraph of lorem output, consider using {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} instead, which generates an [[HTML element#Inline elements|Html inline-level element]] and so may be used with all the normal in-line wiki markup to alter the font style. Exceptionally, standard wiki markup may be used when param {{para|join|yes}} is in use. See [[#Running paragraphs together]]. ==Examples== ===Linking "lorem ipsum"=== To link the [[incipit]] (the first two words of paragraph one, i.e. ''Lorem ipsum'') to the Wikipedia article [[Lorem ipsum]], either use param {{para|link|yes}}, or place <code>yes</code> in the fourth positional parameter. {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|1|#|link{{=}}yes}} generates: {{Lorem ipsum|1|#|link=yes}} ===Prefix and suffix=== Param 2 is the prefix, and 3 is the suffix added to the beginning and end of each paragraph. In the example below, the prefix is {{pval|:* "}}, and the suffix is {{pval|"}}: <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|2|:* "|"}}</nowiki></code> generates: {{Lorem ipsum|2|:* "|"}} Note that if param {{para|join|yes}} is in effect, the wiki markup behavior of prefix metacharacters <code>#</code>, <code>*</code>, and <code>:</code> is only apparent at the beginning of the output, because there is only one, long paragraph. For example, if prefix is {{pval|#}} with {{para|join|yes}}, the output consists of one long paragraph, numbered "1". The prefix character(s) will still be placed in the content where paragraph breaks would normally occur in non-joined results, but they appear as normal characters (hash, asterisk, colon) and are not interpreted as wiki markup. ===Prefix and suffix whitespace=== Note that whitespace is important in the second and third parameters. In the example <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|1| * " | " }}</nowiki></code> the prefix is {{pval| * " }} and the suffix is {{pval| " }}. The space in front of the asterisk prevents it from being interpreted as a bullet metacharacter, and it is seen as a plain asterisk. This results in the following: {{Lorem ipsum|1| * " | " }}</p> In this example, the prefix is {{pval| * " }}; the leading white space before the asterisk forces the asterisk to be read as plain text, not a bullet metacharacter. ===Running paragraphs together=== All requested paragraphs of text can be joined together in one long paragraph using the {{para|join|yes}} param. Use of this parameter alters the behavior of param 2 (prefix): see [[#Prefix and suffix]] for details. The link param (4) behaves as usual: {{nowrap|{{tlc|Lorem ipsum|2|link{{=}}yes|join{{=}}yes}}}} will produce: :{{Lorem ipsum|2|link=yes|join=yes}} Since joined text produces a single string without line breaks and without block-level tags such as &lt;p>, if no prefix metacharacters are in use, the result of transcluding the template with {{para|join|yes}} is an [[HTML element#Inline elements|inline-level HTML element]], meaning that standard [[Help:Wikitext#Format|wiki markup]] for font styling (like bold, italic, or font-size such as '&lt;small>') may be used in this case. See [[#Notes about font styling]] for details. ===Limiting character count to less than one paragraph=== If fewer than 446 characters are desired, use {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} and truncate to the desired size with {{nowrap|[[Template:Str left]]}}: <code><nowiki>{{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum span}}|123}}</nowiki></code> will result in: {{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum span}}|123}} ==Full text== <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|10}}</nowiki></code> will produce: {{collapse top}} {{Lorem ipsum|10}} {{collapse bottom}} ==See also== * {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} ==Template data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template generates a filler text for test purposes. Text generated is the well-known \"Lorem ipsum\" passage, which is gibberish that somewhat resembles Latin. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Number of paragraphs", "description": "Number of paragraphs to be shown. A number from 1 to 20 is acceptable.", "type": "number", "suggested": true, "default": "1" }, "2": { "label": "Paragraph prefix", "description": "Wikicode or text to prefix to each paragraph. For example, specifying * ( causes each paragraph to become a bullet list and start with an opening parenthesis.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "3": { "label": "Paragraph suffix", "description": "Wikicode or text to suffix to each paragraph. For example, specifying ) causes each paragraph to end with a closing parenthesis.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "4": { "aliases": [ "link" ], "label": "Link to [[Lorem ipsum]]?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"yes\" causes a link to the \"Lorem ipsum\" article to appear.", "type": "boolean" }, "join": { "label": "Join all output into one paragraph?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"yes\" causes all output to go into one paragraph.", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "cat": { "label": "Add to category \"Wikipedia articles containing placeholders\"?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"no\" prevents the page from being added to [[Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]].", "type": "boolean", "default": "yes" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Interwiki and categories come here: --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Lorem ipsum}} [[Category:Placeholder templates]] }}</includeonly> 0m9opxgnm0djyzir6crb2tzrl7ow8iz 10 11381 84462 2022-05-19T23:41:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Collapse top wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin-left:{{{indent|0}}}"><!-- NOTE: width renders incorrectly if added to main STYLE section --> {| <!-- Template:Collapse top --> class="mw-collapsible {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{expand|{{{collapse|}}}}}}||mw-collapsed}} {{{class|}}}" style="background: {{{bg1|transparent}}}; text-align: left; border: {{{border|1px}}} solid {{{b-color|Silver}}}; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|100%}}; clear: {{{clear|both}}}; padding: 1px;" |- ! style="background: {{{bg|#{{main other|F0F2F5|CCFFCC}}}}}; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{left|}}}|left|{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{align|}}}|left|center}}}}; {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{fc|}}}|color: {{{fc}}};|}}" | <div style="font-size:115%;{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{left|}}}||margin:0 4em}}">{{{1|{{{title|{{{reason|{{{header|{{{heading|{{{result|Extended content}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}</div> {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#if:{{{warning|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>!}}- {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>!}} style="text-align:center; font-style:italic;" {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>!}} {{{2|The following is a closed discussion. {{strongbad|Please do not modify it.}} }}} }} |- | style="border: solid {{{border2|1px Silver}}}; padding: {{{padding|0.6em}}}; background: {{{bg2|White}}};" {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>!}}<noinclude> {{lorem ipsum|3}} {{Collapse bottom}} {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7r1tuthlxr6p6uk1quv9ajwsic05cc1 10 11382 84463 2022-05-19T23:41:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Collapse Templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Helpbox |templatename = Collapsible templates |name = Collapsible templates |bodyclass = vcard |list1 = {{aligned table|fullwidth=y|rightleft=y|col1style=font-weight:bold; |Help: |[[Help:Collapsing|Collapsing]] |Guideline:|[[MOS:COLLAPSE|Hidden content]] }} |group2 = [[WP:Mainspace|Article namespace]] |list2 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|collapse}} * {{tl|collapsible list}} * {{hlist|{{tl|collapse top}}|{{tl|collapse bottom}}}} * {{tl|hidden}} * {{hlist|{{tl|hidden begin}}|{{tl|hidden end}}}} }} |group3 = [[Wikipedia:Infobox|Infoboxes]] |list3 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|collapsed infobox section begin}} * {{tl|collapsed infobox section end}} }} |group4 = [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|Navigation templates]] |list4 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|sidebar with collapsible lists}} * {{tl|navbox with collapsible groups}} }} |group5 = [[Help:Talk pages|Talk namespace]] |list5 = {{plainlist|1= * {{tl|hidden archive top}} * {{tl|hidden archive bottom}} }} }} eo8nzanwkusqhtdcml1th70tdhrcpwn 10 11383 84464 2022-05-19T23:42:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem ipsum wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>0|{{lorem/p-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P1|link={{{link|{{{4|no}}}}}}}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>1|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P2}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>2|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P3}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>3|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P4}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>4|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P5}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>5|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P6}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>6|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P7}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>7|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P8}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>8|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P9}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>9|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P10}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>10|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P11}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>11|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P12}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>12|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P13}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>13|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P14}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>14|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P15}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>15|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P16}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>16|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P17}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>17|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P18}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>18|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P19}}{{{3|}}} |}}{{#ifexpr:{{{1|1}}}>19|{{lorem/pb-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}{{{2|}}}{{Lorem ipsum/P20}}{{{3|}}}}}{{lorem/p-end-cond|{{{2|}}}|{{{join|}}}}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{cat|}}}|no||{{Template:Main other|[[Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --> </noinclude> ghanwl3uykfban8ym3d3o0mduwfwglq 10 11384 84465 2022-05-19T23:43:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem ipsum/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} <!---PLEASE ADD METADATA TO THE <includeonly> SECTION AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE---> {{template shortcut|Ipsum|Lipsum|Lorem|Loremipsum}} This template outputs the "[[lorem ipsum]]" filler text. It takes four parameters: the number of paragraphs to generate, paragraph prefix, paragraph suffix, and an option to link lorem ipsum. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20 in one use. ==Usage== {{tlc|Lorem ipsum}} – one paragraph<br/> {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|3|*}} – three paragraphs as bullet list<br/> {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|10}} – ten paragraphs ==Parameters== There are four positional parameters and two named parameters, all optional: * 1 – Number of paragraphs to display (1..20; default: 1) * 2 – prefix character(s) to emit before each paragraph (such as a quotation mark, an asterisk for bullet list, etc.; default: none) * 3 – suffix (such as ending quote; default: none) * 4 – if set to {{para|4|yes}}, causes the first two words of paragraph 1 to be linked to [[Lorem ipsum]]. (default: 'no'. Alias: 'link'.) * join – if set to {{para|join|yes}}, causes all output to be emitted as a single paragraph (default: 'no'). Use of 'join' alters how prefix is handled. * cat – Adds article to [[:Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]], unless {{para|cat|no}} (default: 'yes') ==Notes about font styling== For most parameter combinations, this template produces block-level Html output, and for those cases, font styling using [[Help:Wikitext#Format|wiki markup]] such as <code><nowiki>'''bold'''</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>''italic''</nowiki></code> or {{nowrap|<code><nowiki><small>...</small></nowiki></code>}} may not produce the desired results. (This is true of all templates that generate [[HTML_element#Block_elements|Html block elements]].) If font styling is required, you can use block level alternatives, such as these: * for smaller font, you may use ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{small div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> * for bold ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{bold div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> * for italics ⟶ <code><nowiki>{{italic div | {{Lorem ipsum|3}} }}</nowiki></code> The latter two have a parameter to make the text smaller at the same time. Alternatively, if you only need one paragraph of lorem output, consider using {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} instead, which generates an [[HTML element#Inline elements|Html inline-level element]] and so may be used with all the normal in-line wiki markup to alter the font style. Exceptionally, standard wiki markup may be used when param {{para|join|yes}} is in use. See [[#Running paragraphs together]]. ==Examples== ===Linking "lorem ipsum"=== To link the [[incipit]] (the first two words of paragraph one, i.e. ''Lorem ipsum'') to the Wikipedia article [[Lorem ipsum]], either use param {{para|link|yes}}, or place <code>yes</code> in the fourth positional parameter. {{tlc|Lorem ipsum|1|#|link{{=}}yes}} generates: {{Lorem ipsum|1|#|link=yes}} ===Prefix and suffix=== Param 2 is the prefix, and 3 is the suffix added to the beginning and end of each paragraph. In the example below, the prefix is {{pval|:* "}}, and the suffix is {{pval|"}}: <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|2|:* "|"}}</nowiki></code> generates: {{Lorem ipsum|2|:* "|"}} Note that if param {{para|join|yes}} is in effect, the wiki markup behavior of prefix metacharacters <code>#</code>, <code>*</code>, and <code>:</code> is only apparent at the beginning of the output, because there is only one, long paragraph. For example, if prefix is {{pval|#}} with {{para|join|yes}}, the output consists of one long paragraph, numbered "1". The prefix character(s) will still be placed in the content where paragraph breaks would normally occur in non-joined results, but they appear as normal characters (hash, asterisk, colon) and are not interpreted as wiki markup. ===Prefix and suffix whitespace=== Note that whitespace is important in the second and third parameters. In the example <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|1| * " | " }}</nowiki></code> the prefix is {{pval| * " }} and the suffix is {{pval| " }}. The space in front of the asterisk prevents it from being interpreted as a bullet metacharacter, and it is seen as a plain asterisk. This results in the following: {{Lorem ipsum|1| * " | " }}</p> In this example, the prefix is {{pval| * " }}; the leading white space before the asterisk forces the asterisk to be read as plain text, not a bullet metacharacter. ===Running paragraphs together=== All requested paragraphs of text can be joined together in one long paragraph using the {{para|join|yes}} param. Use of this parameter alters the behavior of param 2 (prefix): see [[#Prefix and suffix]] for details. The link param (4) behaves as usual: {{nowrap|{{tlc|Lorem ipsum|2|link{{=}}yes|join{{=}}yes}}}} will produce: :{{Lorem ipsum|2|link=yes|join=yes}} Since joined text produces a single string without line breaks and without block-level tags such as &lt;p>, if no prefix metacharacters are in use, the result of transcluding the template with {{para|join|yes}} is an [[HTML element#Inline elements|inline-level HTML element]], meaning that standard [[Help:Wikitext#Format|wiki markup]] for font styling (like bold, italic, or font-size such as '&lt;small>') may be used in this case. See [[#Notes about font styling]] for details. ===Limiting character count to less than one paragraph=== If fewer than 446 characters are desired, use {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} and truncate to the desired size with {{nowrap|[[Template:Str left]]}}: <code><nowiki>{{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum span}}|123}}</nowiki></code> will result in: {{Str left|{{Lorem ipsum span}}|123}} ==Full text== <code><nowiki>{{Lorem ipsum|10}}</nowiki></code> will produce: {{collapse top}} {{Lorem ipsum|10}} {{collapse bottom}} ==See also== * {{tl|lorem ipsum span}} ==Template data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template generates a filler text for test purposes. Text generated is the well-known \"Lorem ipsum\" passage, which is gibberish that somewhat resembles Latin. There are 10 distinct paragraphs, but it can produce up to 20.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Number of paragraphs", "description": "Number of paragraphs to be shown. A number from 1 to 20 is acceptable.", "type": "number", "suggested": true, "default": "1" }, "2": { "label": "Paragraph prefix", "description": "Wikicode or text to prefix to each paragraph. For example, specifying * ( causes each paragraph to become a bullet list and start with an opening parenthesis.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "3": { "label": "Paragraph suffix", "description": "Wikicode or text to suffix to each paragraph. For example, specifying ) causes each paragraph to end with a closing parenthesis.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "4": { "aliases": [ "link" ], "label": "Link to [[Lorem ipsum]]?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"yes\" causes a link to the \"Lorem ipsum\" article to appear.", "type": "boolean" }, "join": { "label": "Join all output into one paragraph?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"yes\" causes all output to go into one paragraph.", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "cat": { "label": "Add to category \"Wikipedia articles containing placeholders\"?", "description": "Setting this parameter to \"no\" prevents the page from being added to [[Category:Wikipedia articles containing placeholders]].", "type": "boolean", "default": "yes" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Interwiki and categories come here: --> {{DEFAULTSORT:Lorem ipsum}} [[Category:Placeholder templates]] }}</includeonly> 0m9opxgnm0djyzir6crb2tzrl7ow8iz 10 11385 84466 2022-05-19T23:43:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pval wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Param value]] 0rkikcgz6tnmjxclut89tt6y5m46gp5 10 11386 84467 2022-05-19T23:43:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Param value wikitext text/x-wiki <code style="border:{{{border|{{{b|thin solid #caa}}}}}};background-color:{{{bg-color|{{{bg|white}}}}}};padding:1px 2px 0 1px;margin:0 2px 0 1px;white-space:nowrap;{{{style|}}}">{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|{{replace|<includeonly>⊗ϑ{{{1|}}}⊗ϑ</includeonly><noinclude>value</noinclude>| |{{{space|{{{sp|&nbsp;}}}}}}}}|#|&#35;}}|*|&#42;}}|:|&#58;}}|⊗ϑ|}}</code><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bim8shrrtvgg0shd2yoxk9hfxp50bwz 10 11387 84468 2022-05-19T23:43:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Param value/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|clear=right|pvalue|pval}} Provides a lightly bordered box to highlight param values on [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|Template documentation]] pages. Especially useful in cases where values may have leading or trailing blanks, or multiple embedded blanks. == Usage == {{tlc|param value|''value''}} == Parameters == There is one required positional parameter for the value, and four optional params: three for styling the display, and one replacement parameter for dealing with how to render a blank space: : {{para|1}}{{snd}}the value to be highlighted; required (no default) : {{para|border}}{{snd}}may be used to set border attributes. default: {{param value|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}}. Alias: {{para|b}}. : {{para|bg-color}}{{snd}}may be used to set background-color. default: {{param value|white|bg=#f5fcf9}}. Alias: {{para|bg}}. : {{para|style}}{{snd}} may be used to set any [[CSS|CSS style attributes]], with one or more semicolon-separated {{pval|''attribute'':value||bg=#f5fcf9|style=border-radius:3px}} pairs. default:none. : {{para|space}}{{snd}} may be used to make spaces visible. Alias: {{para|sp}}. See [[#Making spaces visible]] below. '''Note on special characters:''' if the value to be highlighted contains an equal sign, it must be escaped: use <code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code> instead of a bare equal sign character. == Examples == * <code><nowiki>{{param value|2blanks between}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|2blanks between}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value|2blanks between|space=·}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|2blanks between|space=·}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value| * : # }}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value| * : # }} * <code><nowiki>{{param value| * : # |border=2px dashed khaki}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value| * : # |border=2px dashed khaki}} * <code><nowiki>{{param value|white|bg=yellow}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{param value|white|bg=yellow}} * <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{pvalue|thin solid #caa|bg=#f5fcf9}} * <code><nowiki>{{pval|* #|border=thin dashed purple|bg=#ffe6e6|style=border-radius:5px|space=␠}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{pval|* #|border=thin dashed purple|bg=#ffe6e6|style=border-radius:5px|space=␠}} == Making spaces visible == You may make [[Whitespace character|space characters]] visible by replacing them with any character you choose using param {{para|space}}. Here are some characters that have been historically used for this purpose. In these examples, there are two spaces between ''one'' and ''two'': * Space symbol{{snd}}([[Control Pictures#Block|U+2420]] = ␠ ) : <code><nowiki>{{param value|one two|space=␠}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{param value|one two|space=␠}} * [[Blank symbol]]{{snd}}([[Control Pictures#Block|U+2422]] = ␢ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|one two|space=␢}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pvalue|one two|space=␢}} ** [[Blank symbol]]{{snd}} (smaller: <small>␢</small>) : <code><nowiki>{{pvalue|one two|space=<small>␢</small>}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{param value|one two|space=<small>␢</small>}} * [[Middot]]{{snd}}([[Whitespace character#U+00B7|U+00B7]] = &middot; ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=·}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=·}} * Underbracket{{snd}}([[Miscellaneous Technical#(2380–23BF)|U+23B5]] = ⎵ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=⎵}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=⎵}} * White rectangle{{snd}}([[Geometric Shapes#U+25A0–U+25CF|U+25AF]] = ▯ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=▯}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=▯}} * [[Undertie]]{{snd}}([[General Punctuation#Block|U+203F]] = ‿ ) : <code><nowiki>{{pval|one two|space=‿}}</nowiki></code> ⟶ {{pval|one two|space=‿}} == See also == * {{tl|param}} * {{tl|code}} * {{tl|kbd}} * {{tl|mono}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> e7j3pr8gb5vn9n57xpfnj5qujrz7ul8 10 11388 84469 2022-05-19T23:44:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Replace wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|plain={{{plain|true}}}|count={{{count|}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7nqxv5kwvok0dz443yff5lxmdev97ci 10 11389 84470 2022-05-19T23:44:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Replace/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist-custom-archive]]}} {{Lua|Module:String}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE END OF THIS PAGE----> ===Usage=== <code>{{((}}replace|''string''|''target''|''replacement''|count=''n''{{))}}</code> Returns ''string'' with the first ''n'' occurrences of ''target'' replaced with ''replacement''. Omitting {{code|1=count}} will replace all occurrences. Space counts as a character if placed in any of the first three parameters. ===Examples=== * <code><nowiki>{{replace|One two two three two four twotwo five|two|NINE}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{replace|One two two three two four twotwo five|two|NINE}} * <code><nowiki>{{replace|One two two three two four twotwo five|two|NINE|count=2}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{replace|One two two three two four twotwo five|two|NINE|count=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{replace|foo_bar|_| }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{replace|foo_bar|_| }} ====Space==== * <code><nowiki>{{replace|One-two two-three two-four twotwo-five|-|—}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{replace|One-two two-three two-four twotwo-five|-|—}} * <code><nowiki>{{replace|One-two two-three two-four twotwo-five|- |—}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{replace|One-two two-three two-four twotwo-five|- |—}} ===See also=== * {{tl|str rep}}, which replaces only the first occurrence of a string. {{String-handling templates |IRL}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:String manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> gmz8xinh0xrm2eokmv6lbbi4zjpwgb7 10 11390 84471 2022-05-19T23:45:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pvalue wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Param value]] 0rkikcgz6tnmjxclut89tt6y5m46gp5 10 11391 84472 2022-05-19T23:46:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Semantic markup templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Semantic markup templates | state = {{{state|{{{1|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>}}}}}} | title = {{c|Semantic markup templates}} | liststyle = font-size:110%; | tracking = no <!-- keep the documented templates out of the hlist tracking category --> | list1 = {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=sortable |style=line-height:1.35em;text-align:left; |colstyle=<!--vertical-align:middle;-->padding-right:1.0em; |col2style=white-space:nowrap; |col3style=white-space:normal; |row1style=line-height:1.6em; |row1header=on | Template&nbsp; | Example output&nbsp; | Use&nbsp; | {{tlb|strong}} | {{strong|Important!}} | To indicate [[HTML element#strong|<nowiki><strong></nowiki>]] importance, seriousness, or urgency instead of just simple typographical boldfacing | {{tlb|strongbad}} | "{{strongbad|Never}} use&thinsp;..." | Same as {{braces|strong}} but in red | {{tlb|stronggood}} | "{{stronggood|Only}} use&thinsp;..." | Same as {{braces|strong}} but in green | {{tlb|em}} | "An {{em|emphatic phrase}}" | To indicate [[HTML element#em|<nowiki><em></nowiki>]] stress emphasis (not just purely typographical italicization like for book titles or foreign terms) | {{tlb|var}} | {{var|strPrefix}} | To indicate text is a variable name. Use for any variable names except those including "I" (uppercase&nbsp;i) and/or "l" (lowercase&nbsp;L); for these, {{braces|var serif}} should be used to ensure a noticeable distinction | {{tlb|var serif}} | {{var serif|strIllustratePrefix}} | (see {{braces|var}} above) | {{tlb|tld}} | {{tld|DEFAULTSORT:Y, X}} | To display wikicode variables and [[Help:Magic words|magic words]] as they would appear in code | {{tlb|para}} | {{para|year|2008}} | To display template parameters with or without values | {{tlb|param}} | {{param|title|alt}} | To display parameters as used in code (i.e. with triple braces), especially to indicate relationships between them. May be combined with {{braces|para}} above | {{tlb|param value}}| {{pvalue| 2 blanks fore and aft |space=·}} | To display parameter values lightly bordered; replaces &lt;code>...&lt;/code>, especially when value contains embedded or leading/trailing blanks; visualized here with [[middot]] (&middot;) but can use ␠, ▯, or any character. | {{tlb|tlx}} etc. | {{tlx|Template|{{var|1}}|{{var|2}}|...|{{var|10}}}} | To display a template call (with or without parameters and values) as code | {{tlb|tag}} | {{resize|95%|"The {{tag|img}} tags&thinsp;..."}} | To render [[HTML element]]s ("tags") in prose | {{tlb|code}}/{{tlb|codett}} | {{nowrap|{{resize|95%|"Ensure the {{code|1=alt=}} parameter&thinsp;..."}}}} | To indicate text is source code. To nest other templates within {{braces|code}}, use {{tag|code}}. {{tl|codett}} differs only in styling: {{code|someMethod}} becomes {{codett|someMethod}} | {{tls|codenowiki}} | <code><nowiki>{{small|small text}}</nowiki></code> | To wrap example code in {{code|<code><<nowiki>nowiki</nowiki>>...<<nowiki>/nowiki</nowiki>></code>}} | {{tls|kbdnowiki}} | <kbd><nowiki>{{big|big text}}</nowiki></kbd> | To wrap example code in {{code|<kbd><<nowiki>nowiki</nowiki>>...<<nowiki>/nowiki</nowiki>></kbd>}} | {{tlb|syntaxhighlight}} | &nbsp; &nbsp; <sub>[this is a block template]</sub> | ({{thin space|or {{tlx|sxhl}}}})&nbsp; Wrapper for {{tag|syntaxhighlight}}, but will wrap overflowing text | {{tlb|deprecated code}} | "Do not use {{tag|{{deprecated code|blink}}|o}}." | ({{thin space|or {{tlx|dc}}}})&nbsp; To indicate [[Deprecation|deprecated]] source code in template documentation, articles on HTML specs, etc. The {{tlx|dc2}} variant uses {{nowrap|strike-through}} ({{tag|{{dc2|blink}}|o}}) while {{tlx|dcr}} uses red ({{tag|{{dcr|blink}}|o}}). | {{tlb|pre}} | &nbsp; &nbsp; <sub>[this is a block template]</sub> | For larger blocks of source code and other pre-formatted text | {{tlb|quote}} | &nbsp; &nbsp; <sub>[this is a block template]</sub> | For block quotations (only – never for non-quotations) | {{tlb|block indent}} | &nbsp; &nbsp; <sub>[this is a block template]</sub> | For indented blocks of material; visually identical to {{tlx|quote}} but without quote markup | {{tlb|kbd}} | {{kbd|user input}} | To indicate user input | {{tlb|key press}} | {{key press|Ctrl|x}} | To indicate specific-keystroke input, including combinations | {{tlb|key top}} | {{key top|Left shift}} | Similar; includes more symbols, but does not directly support combinations | {{tlb|PlayStation key press}} | {{lower|0.17em|{{PlayStation key press|square}}}} | To indicate PlayStation-style gamepad key presses<span style{{=}}"display: inline-block; padding-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0.1em;">&nbsp;</span> | {{tlb|button}} | {{button|Don't save}} | To indicate a button in a user interface | {{tlb|samp}} | {{samp|example output}} | To indicate sample or example output }} }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> hujksqgfc8nt526uf966vuqs7j29zg8 10 11392 84473 2022-05-19T23:46:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Semantic markup templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please. --> Intended for [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transclusion]] at the end of the documentation for each of the main {{c|semantic markup templates}}, e.g. as part of a "See also" section such as: <pre> ===See also=== * [[Wikipedia:Accessibility]] * [[Semantic HTML]] {{Semantic markup templates}} </pre> {{Collapsible option |statename=optional |default=collapsed}} ===See also=== * [[:Category:Semantic markup templates]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please: --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> mtd9kos0r8ziymp66r64idgd4iatiwg 10 11393 84474 2022-05-19T23:46:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tls wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:Template link general|main|subst=yes}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tls|tlsp}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ocgsk8veww4i9rmn4q2ennl2ky0hm26 10 11394 84475 2022-05-19T23:47:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Resize wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{2|}}} |<{{#ifeq:{{{div|}}}|yes|div|span}} style="font-size:{{{1|}}};">{{{2|}}}</{{#ifeq:{{{div|}}}|yes|div|span}}> |<{{#ifeq:{{{div|}}}|yes|div|span}} style="font-size:90%;">{{{1}}}</{{#ifeq:{{{div|}}}|yes|div|span}}> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> 78jwx7qunqpd1utzq30d69l1010d87n 10 11395 84476 2022-05-19T23:47:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dcr wikitext text/x-wiki {{Deprecated code|red=y|{{{1|Example text}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Deprecated code/doc}} <!--Categories and interwikis go on the /doc subpage.--> </noinclude> 3h62r6vrrb1ftzzc7jbzz7tkxdluf8a 10 11396 84477 2022-05-19T23:48:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Deprecated code/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage|[[Template:Deprecated code]] ([[Template:Dc]]) and [[Template:Dc2]]}} {{Template shortcut|dc}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == The {{tlx|deprecated code}} template (easiest used from its '''{{tlx|dc}}''' redirect) can be used to indicate, e.g. in template documentation or Wikipedia articles on things like HTML specifications, code that has been [[Deprecation|deprecated]] and should not normally be used. It can also be used to indicate other deleted or deprecated material. On the technical level it is a CSS-styled {{tag|del}} that greys out the text (the near-universal sign in computing and computing documentation for "doesn't work", "don't do this", "bad code", "ignore", "option not available", etc.), and removes that element's usual strikethrough (CSS: "line-through") rendering, which makes the content hard to read. If you really want that line-through, use the '''{{tlx|dc2}}''' (AKA '''{{tlx|dcs}}''') variant {{dc2|to do this}}; it is otherwise identical. {{strong|Note: This template does not apply a monospaced font.}} This is so that it can be used inside an existing code (or non-code) block and inherit its font style. If necessary, wrap the template in one of {{tag|code}} (source code), {{tag|kbd}} (example input), or {{tag|samp}} (example output) as [[Semantic HTML|semantically]] appropriate. If you want monospace without semantic markup like {{tag|code|o}}, you can use the alternative templates {{tlx|mxtd}}: {{mxtd}}, or {{tlx|!mxt}}: {{!mxt}}. ===Parameters=== *{{para|1}} &nbsp; the content to be marked as deprecated *{{para|2}} or {{para|title}} a mouse-over "tooltip" (in some browsers, anyway), e.g. for briefly explaining the deprecation, e.g. "Deprecated since HTML 3.0" or "Breaks infobox formatting" *{{para|red|y}} &nbsp; make the text red instead of grey, for indicating dangerous/error/forbidden things (a shortcut for this is '''{{tlx|dcr}}''') *{{para|class}} &nbsp; assign a CSS class *{{para|id}} &nbsp; assign an HTML ID for #linking and other purposes (must be unique on the page and start with an alphabetic letter) *{{para|style}} &nbsp; add additional CSS styling (can be used to add {{code|lang=css|code=text-decoration:line-through;}} back in if you want that formatting; a shortcut for this is '''{{tlx|dc2}}''' or '''{{tlx|dcs}}''') ===Examples=== *<code><nowiki>{{dc|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dc|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dcr|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dcr|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dc2|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dc2|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dcs|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dcs|deprecated}} == See also == * {{tlx|xtd}} and [[Template:Xt/see also|related templates]] for indicating deprecated, good, bad, and neutral examples in guidelines, how-tos, and template documentation. ** {{tlx|mxtd}} in this template group ({{mxtd|example output here}}) is an alternative to {{tlx|dc}}. ** {{tlx|!mxt}} in this template group ({{!mxt|example output here}}) is an alternative to {{tlx|dcr}}. * {{tlx|strongbad}} – for introducing something as deprecated or issuing some other warning in documentation, e.g.: {{tlx|strongbad|Not for use in mainspace.}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}</includeonly> 8kmdg8pkam6ajp2nfsnbwpbvwa1lvq2 10 11397 84478 2022-05-19T23:48:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Button wikitext text/x-wiki <kbd class="nowrap button" title="{{{tooltip|This is not a clickable button; it illustrates the button one should find.}}}" style="padding:{{{padTB|.2em}}} {{{padLR|.6em}}}; border:1px solid; border-color:#AAA #555 #555 #AAA; border-radius:3px; background-color: {{{bgcolor|#F2F2F2}}}; color: {{{fgcolor|#000}}}; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, {{{bgcolor1|#FCFCFC}}}, {{{bgcolor2|#E0E0E0}}}); {{#ifeq:{{{format|}}}|bold|font-weight: bold;}} font-family:sans-serif; {{{style|}}}">{{{text|{{{1|Hello, World!}}}}}}</kbd><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> b3uejqlbwgm46c95qhirf9lrlj8f1m3 10 11398 84479 2022-05-19T23:48:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Button/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Hatnote|This template is a non-clickable button. For the most common clickable button, see [[Template:Clickable button 2]].}} {{used in system}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> This template provides a "clickable button" formatting style for text. '''This button is ''not'' clickable''', and care should be taken when using it to avoid readers thinking the result may be. (It has an explanatory [[tooltip]] for users hovering over it, but that may not always be displayed, or only displayed after too long a delay, so that it may not show up to people trying to click it.) If you need a clickable button, use {{tl|Clickable button}}. == Usage == * {{tlx|1=Button|2=text=button&nbsp;text}} produces {{Button|text=button text}} * {{tlx|1=Button|2=text=button&nbsp;text|3=format=bold}} produces {{Button|text=button text|format=bold}} * {{tlx|1=Button|2=<nowiki>[[File:WikEd close.png]]</nowiki>|3=padTB=.1em|4=padLR=.1em}} produces {{Button|[[File:WikEd close.png]]|padTB=.1em|padLR=.1em}} * {{tlx|1=Button|2=text=button&nbsp;text|3=bgcolor=#EEF|4=bgcolor2=#BBE}} produces {{Button|text=button text|bgcolor1=#EEF|bgcolor2=#BBE}} * <code><nowiki>[[target title|</nowiki></code>{{tlx|1=Button|2=linked text}}<code><nowiki>]]</nowiki></code> produces [[target title|{{Button|linked text}}]], and <code><nowiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org </nowiki></code>{{tlx|1=Button|2=linked text}}<code><nowiki>]</nowiki></code> for [https://en.wikipedia.org {{Button|linked text}}]. {{tl|clickable button 2}} is more suitable for that purpose though. Alternatively, {{tlx|1=Button|2=button&nbsp;text}} also produces {{Button|button text}} == See also == * {{tlx|Key press}} – used to illustrate keystrokes, including key combinations (e.g. {{key press|Ctrl|x}}) * {{tlx|Key top}} – produces a similar visual effect, but includes more symbols and does not directly support key combos (e.g. {{key top|Caps Lock}}) * {{tlx|PlayStation key press}} – to simulate PlayStation-style gamepad buttons (e.g. {{Playstation key press|triangle}}) * {{tlx|Kbd}} – to indicate user input (of any kind) without making it look like keys or buttons {{Button templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia button templates]] }}</includeonly> jtqfak0bcz1nh8vqh37lk1np3obkdlj 10 11399 84480 2022-05-20T00:02:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Key press wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:key|keypress}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4j2emwcxmf4dx4zblg3n3h8o0vkve67 10 11400 84481 2022-05-20T00:02:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Key press/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE END OF THIS PAGE. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|Category:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} __NOTOC__ This is the {{tl|key press}} template primarily designed to illustrate keys and keystrokes on a [[computer keyboard]]. With additional parameters, a single template can even illustrate a combination of multiple ''simultaneous'' keystrokes. A sequence of keystrokes, on the other hand, need to be demonstrated with separate templates. Example : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} As lower-case alphabetic characters a–z do not appear on most keyboards, they should not be used as parameters. ===Keystroke combinations=== To illustrate keystroke combinations, just use extra parameters: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} When you feed several key names to this template, it adds a "+" (or whatever the contents of the optional ''chain'' parameter) with no spaces around. This means it won't line wrap. But when you show key combinations for instance in a table that might cause items to be too wide. Instead manually build the key combination with spaces around the "+" so it can line wrap: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} To illustrate sequences where all keys do not need to be pressed simultaneously, the plus signs can be omitted by setting ''chain=''. For example, in most Windows systems in North America and Western Europe, [[Alt code]]s can be used to insert the [[plus-minus sign]] (±) by holding down the {{key press|Alt}} key while typing <code>0177</code> with the [[numeric keypad]]: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}}{{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} An example of a use case where more than 5 might be used is explaining usage of a macro (keyboard shortcut) created by a third-party application: : {{tc|Key press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Win|Menu|fn|L}} → {{Key press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Win|Menu|fn|L}} ===Wikilinks=== If there is an article about the key you can [[WP:wikilink|wikilink]] the key's name like any other wiki text. Like this: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} If you are wikilinking the keys, please ensure that you are piping to the correct page (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code> instead of <code><nowiki>[[Alt]]</nowiki></code>, which leads to a [[WP:Disambiguation page|disambiguation page]]). ===Wiki markup characters=== Some wiki markup characters, like the [[pipe symbol]], the [[semicolon]] and the [[equals sign]], need to be entered using the {{tlx|!}}, {{tlx|;}} and {{tlx|{{=}}}} templates or as an [[HTML entity]] &amp;#124;, &amp;#59;, &amp;#61; respectively: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|pipe}}}} → {{key press|{{pipe}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} However, if the characters are marked as wikilinks, they can be entered as such: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} Most markup characters also have aliases: * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===Key symbols=== Some key names have a fitting [[Unicode]] character. This template automatically adds such "icons" to the following key names among others. * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Opt}} → {{key press|Opt}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Cmd}} → {{key press|Cmd}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} * {{tc|key press|Up}} → {{key press|Up}} * {{tc|key press|Down}} → {{key press|Down}} * {{tc|key press|Left}} → {{key press|Left}} * {{tc|key press|Right}} → {{key press|Right}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|Windows key and Menu key]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|Old-style Windows key]] There are no characters for the [[Windows key]] and [[Menu key]]. So this template shows approximate characters for them, namely the {{sc2|SQUARED PLUS}} and {{sc2|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO}} from the [[Mathematical Operators]] Unicode block: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====Video games==== Video game controllers often have specialized input labels that do not map easily. The following are mappings for various game consoles and input features. =====Directional input===== The following should only be used when the input sequence uses something other than the primary input or mixes input between directional devices. * {{tc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} Stick specific diagonals are also supported: * {{tc|key press|l-nw}} → {{key press|l-nw}} * {{tc|key press|c-se}} → {{key press|c-se}} * {{tc|key press|r-ne}} → {{key press|r-ne}} =====PlayStation===== * {{tc|key press|ex}} → {{key press|ex}} * {{tc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===TemplateData=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Illustrates keys and keystrokes on a computer keyboard. Keys can include: Ctrl, Alt, Del, Opt, Menu, Left etc. console keys: ex, circle, triangle, square, and left right and center analog sticks: l-down, c-left, r-ne. The names are case insensitive.", "params": { "1": { "label": "First key", "description": "First key", "type": "string/line", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Second key", "description": "Optional key press in combination as the first.", "type": "string/line", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "Third key", "inherits": "2" }, "4": { "label": "Fourth key", "inherits": "2" }, "5": { "label": "Fifth key", "inherits": "2" }, "6": { "label": "Sixth key", "inherits": "2" }, "7": { "label": "Seventh key", "inherits": "2" }, "8": { "label": "Eighth key", "inherits": "2" }, "9": { "label": "Ninth key", "inherits": "2" }, "10": { "label": "Tenth key", "inherits": "2" }, "chain": { "label": "Chaining character", "description": "Character between chained key presses", "default": "+", "inherits": "2" }, "chain first": { "description": "Character between first and second key to press", "inherits": "chain" }, "chain second": { "description": "Character between second and third key to press", "inherits": "chain" }, "chain third": { "description": "Character between third and fourth key to press", "inherits": "chain" }, "chain fourth": { "description": "Character between fourth and fifth key to press", "inherits": "chain" } } } </templatedata> ===See also=== * {{tlx|Key top}} – produces a similar visual effect, but includes more symbols and does not directly support key combinations (e.g. {{key top|Caps Lock}}) * {{tlx|Button}} – produces a similar visual effect but without the semantic markup (e.g. {{Button|sample text}}); more for representing interface elements. * {{tlx|Playstation key press}} – to simulate gamepad buttons (e.g. {{tlx|Playstation key press|s}}) * {{tlx|Kbd}} – to indicate user input (of any kind) without making it look like keys or buttons {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORY LINKS BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] <!-- [[Category:Graphic templates]] - Don't add this one; this isn't a graphic template, as it's all done in CSS. --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Software templates]] [[Category:Computer keys|τ]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Toets]] [[sl:Predloga:Keypress]] }}</includeonly> 7cjfd3ur0u5zz24xnoqurhx3g6ik3tx 10 11401 84482 2022-05-20T00:06:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cob wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>|}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Collapse top/doc}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> brg0xxydzz07jqyt62vdk8nb02zd0ob 10 11402 84483 2022-05-20T00:06:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Warchivenav wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Templates for archiving | title = Templates for archiving | bodyclass = hlist | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | above = * [[Help:Archiving (plain and simple)|Archiving (simple)]] * [[Help:Archiving a talk page|Archiving (technical)]] | group1 = Recommended | list1 = * {{tl|Archives}} {{Font color|gray|(very configurable side box or banner for main talk page)}} * {{tl|Automatic archive navigator}} {{Font color|gray|(banner placed on archive pages with navigation)}} * {{tl|Talk header}} {{Font color|gray|(banner with talk page guidelines and archives)}} * {{tl|Archive top}} / <small>{{tl|Atop}}</small> {{Font color|gray|(archives/closes discussion)}} * [[User:Lowercase sigmabot III/Archive HowTo|lowercase sigmabot III (MiszaBot)]] {{Font color|gray|(most popular auto archiving bot)}} * [[User:Σ/Testing facility/Archiver|Archy McArchface]] {{Font color|gray|(one-click archiver script)}} | group2 = Side box | list2 = * {{tl|Archives}} | group4 = Headers | list4 = {{Navbox|subgroup | group1 = With<br/>navigation | list1 = * {{tl|Annual archive}} * {{tl|Archived annually}} * {{tl|Archive navigation}} * {{tl|Archive number}} * {{tl|Automatic archive navigator}} {{Font color|gray|(does not need parameter)}} * {{tl|Archives by months}} * {{tl|Month-year archive nav}} * {{tl|Monthly archived talk}} * {{tl|UserTalkArchive}} * {{tl|Warning archive notice}} | group2 = Without<br/>navigation | list2 = * {{tl|Archive}} * {{tl|Archive index}} * {{tl|Archivemainpage}} * {{tl|Archiving}} * {{tl|Talk archive notice with diff}} | group3 = With<br/>search | list3 = * {{tl|Talk header}} {{Font color|gray|(contains an automatically appearing archive search box and nav)}} }} | group5 = Content<br/>formatting | list5 = * {{tl|Archive top}} / <small>{{tl|atop}}</small> * {{tl|Archive top green}} / <small>{{tl|atopg}}</small> * {{tl|Archive top red}} / <small>{{tl|atopr}}</small> * {{tl|Archive top yellow}} / <small>{{tl|atopy}}</small> * {{tl|Archive bottom}} / <small>{{tl|abot}}</small> * {{tl|Closed rfc top}} * {{tl|Collapse}} * {{tl|Collapse top}} * {{tl|Collapse bottom}} * {{tl|Hidden archive top}} / <small>{{tl|hat}}</small> * {{tl|Hidden archive bottom}} / <small>{{tl|hab}}</small> * {{tl|Poll top}} * {{tl|Poll bottom}} | group6 = Lists | list6 = * {{tl|Archive list}} {{Font color|gray|(numbered archives usually the default)}} * {{tl|Archive list alpha}} * {{tl|Monthly archive list}} * {{tl|Yearly archive list}} | group7 = Discussion | list7 = * {{tl|Archive request}} * {{tl|Please archive}} * {{tl|uw-archive}} | group8 = Automatic<br />archiving<br />systems | list8 = * [[User:Σ/Testing facility/Archiver|Archy McArchface]] {{Font color|gray|(one-click archiver script)}} * [[User:ClueBot III|ClueBot III]] ** {{Tlu|User:ClueBot III/ArchiveNow}} * [[User:HBC Archive Indexerbot/OptIn|HBC Archive Indexerbot (Legobot)]] <!--* [[User:Legobot|Legobot]] Instructions are on HBCAI's userpage for now, that link should be used until Legoktm writes new ones. --> * [[User:Lowercase sigmabot III/Archive HowTo|lowercase sigmabot III (MiszaBot)]]<!-- There are three MiszaBot accounts at this time, they are inactive, lowercase sigmabot runs off of the same config --> * [[User:Evad37/OneClickArchiver|OneClickArchiver]] * {{tl|Archive basics}} * {{tls|Bump}} * {{tls|Do not archive until}} * {{Tls|Oca}} * {{tls|Pin section}} * {{tls|Setup auto archiving}} | below = *{{Icon|Category}}&nbsp;[[:Category:Archival templates]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> trxirzwynas22oiaw7iyvgcasjb2uu9 10 11403 84484 2022-05-20T00:06:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Warchivenav/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> <!--*Placeholder commernt: This template still needs some work, but hopefully its more of a help than a hindrance for newer users navigating talk page archiving. This ain't my page, its all of our page, so edit [[Wikipedia:BOLD|BOLDLY]]. {{User:Jonverve/sig2}} 16:28, 1 July 2009 (UTC) --> == Usage == {{Collapsible option}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Archival templates]] [[Category:Navigational meta-templates]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> s1ih6fs5tnjhw60zns7y0qvat6kpw56 10 11404 84485 2022-05-20T00:07:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mxt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: #006400;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<!--"monospace, monospace" needed per Wikipedia:Typography#The_monospace_'bug'--><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} <!--This category has to be done on a per-template basis, not in the shared docs, since it only apply to four templates in the family.--> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] </noinclude> kkafvzhztoumy7mqkdvt56nke7gmw9e 10 11405 84486 2022-05-20T00:08:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xtn wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example example-neutral" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: initial;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> <!-- No, "color: initial;" is not redundant; it fixes inconsistent link-appearance behavior between this template and [[Template:Xt]], etc. --> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> it3mt0vo0qfzlac9yllslvf58oju5eo 10 11406 84487 2022-05-20T00:09:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Wikipedia how-to}}</noinclude><includeonly><div style="float:right; padding:0 1em;">{{navbar|Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font|plain=y}}</div></includeonly> You can consistently use a monospaced font with well-designed characters for coding (e.g., to distinguish clearly between <code>l</code>, <code>1</code>, and <code>I</code>, and between <code>O</code> and <code>0</code>, and between <code>-</code>, <code>−</code>, <code>–</code>, and <code>—</code>). Add something like one of the code snippets below into your {{samp|[[Special:MyPage/common.css]]}} page, replacing {{kbd|"Roboto Mono"}} with whatever your preferred coding font is ([https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Roboto+Mono Roboto Mono] was picked as a freely-available coding font for this example). If you don't want to manually add this code to your CSS page but would rather <code>@import</code> (transclude) it, see [[meta:User:SMcCandlish/codefont.css]] for quick instructions. This code will do the following: * Apply a consistent monospace font of your choice (and the fallback system-default {{samp|monospace}}, should that font go missing or not have characters you need) to all the normally monospaced HTML elements like {{tag|code|o}}, {{tag|pre|o}}, etc. * Do the same for the classes used by {{tlx|mxt}} and other monospaced templates in the {{tlx|xt}} family * Do the same for additional site-wide classes (as identified so far, e.g. <code>.monospaced</code>) that output as monospace. * Make the three most frequently encountered editing fields also use this font stack: the main editing window, the edit summary line, and the search entry box. If you know of an additional class to add here, please update this page or mention it on [[Template talk:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font|the talk page]]. <!--DO NOT ADD var TO THIS LIST! It must be able to inherit the font of surrounding text, because it is used outside code, as in "If <var>A</var> then <var>B</var>", and in math equations.--> '''Horizontal style''' {{syntaxhighlight|lang=css|1= /* Use my font, when available, for code */ code, pre, samp, kbd, tt, .example-mono, .userlinks-username, .monospaced, .keyboard-key, .button, .plaincode { font-family: "Roboto Mono", monospace !important; } /* Make some of the editable stuff monospaced */ #wpTextbox1, #wpSummary, #searchInput, #searchText { font-family: "Roboto Mono", monospace !important; } }} '''Vertical style''' {{syntaxhighlight|lang=css|1= /* Use my font, when available, for code */ code, pre, samp, kbd, tt, .example-mono, .userlinks-username, .monospaced, .keyboard-key, .button .plaincode { font-family: "Roboto Mono", monospace !important; } /* Make some of the editable stuff monospaced */ #wpTextbox1, #wpSummary, #searchInput, #searchText { font-family: "Roboto Mono", monospace !important; } }} {{anchor|Cleanup efforts}}'''Cleanup efforts''' If you'd like to help clean up instances of the {{tag|{{!mxt|tt}}}} element – which has not been valid HTML since the 1990s, and should usually be replaced with {{tag|{{mxt|code}}}} (this may vary by context) – you can add something like the following to your {{samp|common.css}} to make {{tag|{{!mxt|tt}}|o}} stick out like a sore thumb: {{syntaxhighlight|lang=css|1= /* Flag bad code for cleanup */ tt { color: DarkRed; background: Pink; } }} You can also do this with {{tag|font|o}}, {{tag|center|o}}, {{tag|strike|o}}, and other [[Wikipedia:HTML 5#Obsolete elements and attributes|deprecated elements]]. For CSS you can just import for this, see [[meta:User:SMcCandlish/lint.css]].<noinclude><!-- -->{{Documentation|content=This is a documentation snippet page transcluded (without the banner or this doc section) into other template documentation, and into [[Help:User style]], for consistency. It takes no parameters. Typical usage: <pre><nowiki> == User CSS for a monospaced coding font == {{collapse top|left=y|title=Have monospaced templates in this group – and your editing window – use your preferred monospaced font:}} {{Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font}} {{collapse bottom}} </nowiki></pre> It can also be used as a stand-alone how-to page; a redirect to it, [[Help:User CSS for a monospaced coding font]], is categorized as such. It is also transcluded as a section, at [[Help:User style#User CSS for a monospaced coding font]]. {{Wikipedia technical help}} [[Category:Template documentation]] <!--End documentation.-->}}</noinclude> ivq5q30gxdmm11zl1adk1gn3qpfdlse 10 11407 84488 2022-05-20T00:09:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Syntaxhighlight wikitext text/x-wiki {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|{{{code|{{{1}}}}}}|lang="{{{lang|{{{2|text}}}}}}"|{{#ifeq:{{{border|}}}|no|style="border: none !important"}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> abv9vl50obi0va1arbqwziwfvyvpqw6 10 11408 84489 2022-05-20T00:09:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Syntaxhighlight/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tsh|sxhl}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> Simple wrapper around the {{xtag|syntaxhighlight}} tag to show syntax-highlighted text. Unlike {{tag|syntaxhighlight|o}}, text that does not fit on the screen will be wrapped. ==Usage== ==Parameters== * '''lang''': {| class="wikitable" style="float:left" !Code||Language |- |<code>4cs</code>||4CS |- |<code>6502acme</code>||MOS 6502 (6510) ACME Cross Assembler |- |<code>6502kickass</code>||MOS 6502 (6510) Kick Assembler |- |<code>6502tasm</code>||MOS 6502 (6510) TASM/64TASS |- |<code>68000devpac</code>||Motorola 68000 - HiSoft Devpac ST 2 Assembler |- |<code>abap</code>||[[ABAP]] |- |<code>actionscript</code>||[[ActionScript]] |- |<code>actionscript3</code>||[[ActionScript|ActionScript3]] |- |<code>ada</code>||[[Ada (programming language)|Ada]] |- |<code>algol68</code>||[[ALGOL 68]] |- |<code>apache</code>||[[Apache HTTP Server|Apache configuration]] |- |<code>applescript</code>||[[AppleScript]] |- |<code>apt_sources</code>||[[Advanced Packaging Tool|APT sources]] |- |<code>arm</code>||[[ARM architecture|ARM]] Assembler |- |<code>asm</code>||[[Assembly language|Assembly]] |- |<code>asp</code>||[[Active Server Pages|Active Server Pages (ASP)]] |- |<code>asymptote</code>||[[Asymptote (vector graphics language)|Asymptote]] |- |<code>autoconf</code>||[[Autoconf]] |- |<code>autohotkey</code>||[[AutoHotkey]] |- |<code>autoit</code>||[[AutoIt]] |- |<code>avisynth</code>||[[AviSynth]] |- |<code>awk</code>||[[AWK]] |- |<code>bascomavr</code>||BASCOM AVR |- |<code>bash</code>||[[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]] |- |<code>basic4gl</code>||[[Basic4GL]] |- |<code>bf</code>||[[Brainfuck]] |- |<code>bibtex</code>||[[BibTeX]] |- |<code>blitzbasic</code>||[[Blitz BASIC]] |- |<code>bnf</code>||[[Backus–Naur form]] |- |<code>boo</code>||[[Boo (programming language)|Boo]] |- |<code>c</code>||[[C (programming language)|C]] |- |<code>c_loadrunner</code>||C Loadrunner |- |<code>c_mac</code>||C (Mac) |- |<code>caddcl</code>||[[Dialog Control Language|AutoCAD DCL]] |- |<code>cadlisp</code>||[[AutoLISP]] |- |<code>cfdg</code>||CFDG |- |<code>cfm</code>||[[ColdFusion Markup Language]] |- |<code>chaiscript</code>||[[ChaiScript]] |- |<code>cil</code>||[[Common Intermediate Language|Common Intermediate Language (CIL)]] |- |<code>clojure</code>||[[Clojure]] |- |<code>clp</code>||[[Control Language|Control Language Program]] |- |<code>cmake</code>||[[CMake]] |- |<code>cobol</code>||[[COBOL]] |- |<code>coffeescript</code>||[[CoffeeScript]] |- |<code>cpp</code>||[[C++]] |- |<code>cpp-qt</code>||[[Qt (toolkit)|C++ (Qt toolkit)]] |- |<code>csharp</code>||[[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] |- |<code>css</code>||[[Cascading Style Sheets|Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)]] |- |<code>cuesheet</code>||[[Cue sheet (computing)|Cue sheet]] |- |<code>d</code>||[[D (programming language)|D]] |- |<code>dcl</code>||[[DIGITAL Command Language]] |- |<code>dcpu16</code>||[[DCPU-16]] |- |<code>dcs</code>||Data Conversion System |- |<code>delphi</code>||[[Delphi programming language|Delphi]] |- |<code>diff</code>||[[Diff]] |- |<code>div</code>||DIV |- |<code>dos</code>||[[DOS batch file]] |- |<code>dot</code>||[[DOT (graph description language)|DOT]] |- |<code>e</code>||[[E (programming language)|E]] |- |<code>ecmascript</code>||[[ECMAScript]] |- |<code>eiffel</code>||[[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]] |- |<code>email</code>||Email (mbox \ eml \ RFC format) |- |<code>epc</code>||Enerscript |- |<code>erlang</code>||[[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]] |- |<code>euphoria</code>||[[Euphoria (programming language)|Euphoria]] |- |<code>f1</code>||Formula One |- |<code>fo</code>||FO |- |<code>fortran</code>||[[Fortran]] |- |<code>freebasic</code>||[[FreeBASIC]] |- |<code>freeswitch</code>||[[FreeSWITCH]] |- |<code>fsharp</code>||[[Fsharp]] |- |<code>gambas</code>||[[Gambas programming language|Gambas]] |- |<code>gdb</code>||[[GDB]] |- |<code>genero</code>||Genero |- |<code>genie</code>||[[Genie (programming language)|Genie]] |- |<code>gettext</code>||[[gettext]] |- |<code>glsl</code>||[[GLSL|OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL)]] |- |<code>gml</code>||[[Game Maker Language|Game Maker Language (GML)]] |- |<code>gnuplot</code>||[[gnuplot]] |- |<code>go</code>||[[Go (programming language)|Go]] |- |<code>groovy</code>||[[Groovy (programming language)|Groovy]] |- |<code>gwbasic</code>||[[GW-BASIC]] |- |<code>haskell</code>||[[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] |- |<code>haxe</code>||[[Haxe]] |- |<code>hicest</code>||HicEst |- |<code>hq9plus</code>||HQ9+ |- |<code>html4strict</code>||[[HTML]] |- |<code>html5</code>||[[HTML5]] |- |<code>icon</code>||[[Icon (programming language)|Icon]] |- |<code>idl</code>||[[Universal Network Objects|Uno IDL]] |- |<code>ini</code>||[[INI file|INI]] |- |<code>inno</code>||[[Inno Setup|Inno]] |- |<code>intercal</code>||[[INTERCAL]] |- |<code>io</code>||[[Io (programming language)|Io]] |- |<code>j</code>||[[J (programming language)|J]] |- |<code>java</code>||[[Java (programming language)|Java]] |- |<code>java5</code>||[[Java (programming language)|Java(TM) 2 Platform Standard Edition 5.0 ]] |- |<code>javascript</code>||[[JavaScript]] |- |<code>jcl</code>||[[Job Control Language]] |- |<code>kixtart</code>||[[KiXtart]] |- |<code>klonec</code>||Klone C |- |<code>klonecpp</code>||Klone C++ |- |<code>latex</code>||[[LaTeX]] |- |<code>lb</code>||[[Liberty BASIC]] |- |<code>ldif</code>||[[LDAP Data Interchange Format]] |- |<code>lisp</code>||[[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] |- |<code>llvm</code>||[[LLVM]] |- |<code>locobasic</code>||[[Locomotive BASIC]] |- |<code>logtalk</code>||[[Logtalk]] |- |<code>lolcode</code>||[[LOLCODE]] |- |<code>lotusformulas</code>||[[Formula language]] |- |<code>lotusscript</code>||[[LotusScript]] |- |<code>lscript</code>||[[LScript|LightWave 3D]] |- |<code>lsl2</code>||[[Linden Scripting Language]] |- |<code>lua</code>||[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] |- |<code>magiksf</code>||[[Magik (programming language)|Magik]] |- |<code>m68k</code>||[[Motorola 68000|Motorola 68000 Assembler]] |- |<code>make</code>||[[Make (software)|make]] |- |<code>mapbasic</code>||[[MapBasic]] |- |<code>matlab</code>||[[MATLAB|MATLAB M]] |- |<code>mirc</code>||[[mIRC scripting language]] |- |<code>mmix</code>||[[MMIX]] |- |<code>modula2</code>||[[Modula-2]] |- |<code>modula3</code>||[[Modula-3]] |- |<code>mpasm</code>||[[PIC microcontroller|Microchip Assembler]] |- |<code>mxml</code>||[[MXML]] |- |<code>mysql</code>||[[MySQL]] |- |<code>nagios</code>||[[Nagios]] |- |<code>netrexx</code>||[[NetRexx]] |- |<code>newlisp</code>||[[NewLISP]] |- |<code>nsis</code>||[[Nullsoft Scriptable Install System|Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS)]] |- |<code>oberon2</code>||[[Oberon-2 (programming language)|Oberon-2]] |- |<code>objc</code>||[[Objective-C]] |- |<code>objeck</code>||[[Objeck (programming language)|Objeck]] |- |<code>ocaml</code>||[[OCaml]] |- |<code>ocaml-brief</code>||[[OCaml]] |- |<code>ocl</code>||[[Operational Control Language]] |- |<code>octave</code>||[[Octave programming language|Octave]] |- |<code>oobas</code>||[[StarOffice Basic|OpenOffice.org Basic]] |- |<code>oorexx</code>||[[Object REXX]] |- |<code>oracle11</code>||[[PL/SQL|Oracle 11 SQL]] |- |<code>oracle8</code>||[[PL/SQL|Oracle 8 SQL]] |- |<code>oxygene</code>||[[Oxygene (programming language)|Oxygene]] |- |<code>oz</code>||[[Oz (programming language)|Oz]] |- |<code>parasail</code>||[[ParaSail (programming language)|ParaSail]] |- |<code>parigp</code>||[[PARI/GP]] |- |<code>pascal</code>||[[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] |- |<code>pcre</code>||[[Perl Compatible Regular Expressions]] |- |<code>per</code>||per |- |<code>perl</code>||[[Perl]] |- |<code>perl6</code>||[[Perl 6]] |- |<code>pf</code>||[[PF (firewall)|PF]] |- |<code>php</code>||[[PHP]] |- |<code>php-brief</code>||[[PHP]] |- |<code>pic16</code>||[[PIC microcontroller|PIC assembly language]] |- |<code>pike</code>||[[Pike (programming language)|Pike]] |- |<code>pixelbender</code>||[[Adobe Pixel Bender|Pixel Bender]] |- |<code>pli</code>||[[PL/I]] |- |<code>plsql</code>||[[PL/SQL]] |- |<code>postgresql</code>||[[PostgreSQL]] |- |<code>povray</code>||[[POV-Ray|Persistence of Vision Raytracer]] |- |<code>powerbuilder</code>||[[PowerBuilder]] |- |<code>powershell</code>||[[PowerShell]] |- |<code>proftpd</code>||[[ProFTPD]] |- |<code>progress</code>||[[OpenEdge Advanced Business Language]] |- |<code>prolog</code>||[[Prolog]] |- |<code>properties</code>||[[.properties|Properties file]] |- |<code>providex</code>||[[ProvideX]] |- |<code>purebasic</code>||[[PureBasic]] |- |<code>pycon</code>||[[Python (programming language)|Python]] |- |<code>pys60</code>||[[Python for S60|PyS60]] |- |<code>python</code>||[[Python (programming language)|Python]] |- |<code>q</code>||[[Q (equational programming language)|Q]] |- |<code>qbasic</code>||[[QBasic|QBasic/QuickBASIC]] |- |<code>rails</code>||[[Ruby on Rails|Rails]] |- |<code>rebol</code>||[[Rebol]] |- |<code>reg</code>||[[Windows Registry]] |- |<code>rexx</code>||[[Rexx]] |- |<code>robots</code>||[[Robots exclusion standard|robots.txt]] |- |<code>rpg</code>||[[IBM RPG|RPG]] |- |<code>rpgii</code>||[[IBM RPG II|RPG II]] |- |<code>rpgiii</code>||[[IBM RPG III|RPG III]] |- |<code>rpg400</code>||[[IBM RPG|RPG/400]] |- |<code>rpgiv</code>||[[IBM RPG|RPG IV]] |- |<code>rpmspec</code>||[[RPM Package Manager|RPM Spec files]] |- |<code>rsplus</code>||[[R (programming language)|R]] |- |<code>ruby</code>||[[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]] |- |<code>sas</code>||[[SAS (software)|SAS]] |- |<code>scala</code>||[[Scala_(programming_language)|Scala]] |- |<code>scheme</code>||[[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]] |- |<code>scilab</code>||[[Scilab]] |- |<code>sdlbasic</code>||[[SdlBasic]] |- |<code>smalltalk</code>||[[Smalltalk]] |- |<code>smarty</code>||[[Smarty (template engine)|Smarty]] |- |<code>spark</code>||[[SPARK (programming language)|SPARK]] |- |<code>sparql</code>||[[SPARQL]] |- |<code>sql</code>||[[SQL]] |- |<code>stonescript</code>||StoneScript (Scripting language for [[ShiVa|ShiVa3D]]) |- |<code>systemverilog</code>||[[SystemVerilog]] |- |<code>tcl</code>||[[Tcl]] |- |<code>teraterm</code>||[[Tera Term]] |- |<code>text</code>||[[Plain text]] |- |<code>thinbasic</code>||[[thinBasic]] |- |<code>tsql</code>||[[Transact-SQL]] |- |<code>typoscript</code>||[[TYPO3|TypoScript]] |- |<code>unicon</code>||[[Unicon (programming language)|Unicon]] |- |<code>upc</code>||[[Unified Parallel C]] |- |<code>urbi</code>||[[URBI]] |- |<code>uscript</code>||[[UnrealScript]] |- |<code>vala</code>||[[Vala_(programming_language)|Vala]] |- |<code>vb</code>||[[Visual Basic (classic)|Visual Basic]] |- |<code>vbnet</code>||[[Visual Basic .NET]] |- |<code>vedit</code>||[[VEDIT]] |- |<code>verilog</code>||[[Verilog]] |- |<code>vhdl</code>||[[VHDL]] |- |<code>vim</code>||[[Vim script]] |- |<code>visualfoxpro</code>||[[Visual FoxPro]] |- |<code>visualprolog</code>||[[Visual Prolog]] |- |<code>whitespace</code>||[[Whitespace (programming_language)|Whitespace]] |- |<code>whois</code>||[[Whois]] |- |<code>winbatch</code>||[[Winbatch]] |- |<code>xml</code>||[[XML]] |- |<code>xorg_conf</code>||[[Xorg.conf]] |- |<code>yaml</code>||[[YAML]] |- |<code>xpp</code>||[[Microsoft Dynamics AX]] |- |<code>z80</code>||[[Zilog Z80|ZiLOG Z80 Assembler]] |- |<code>zxbasic</code>||ZXBasic |} {{clear}} * '''code''': The contents of the syntax highlighted block. ==Examples== {{tlx|1=syntaxhighlight|2=lang=javascript|3=code=mw.util.addPortletLink('p-personal', '/w/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/Sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template%3AUser_sandbox%2Fpreload&editintro=Template%3AUser_sandbox', 'My sandbox', 'pt-mysandbox', 'Go to my sandbox');}} {{syntaxhighlight|lang=javascript|code=mw.util.addPortletLink('p-personal', '/w/index.php?title=Special:MyPage/Sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template%3AUser_sandbox%2Fpreload&editintro=Template%3AUser_sandbox', 'My sandbox', 'pt-mysandbox', 'Go to my sandbox');}} ==See also== * [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight]] * {{tl|Code}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> t3owi3yejq3n1qfbnrt8tttarlfgbt8 10 11409 84490 2022-05-20T00:10:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Samp wikitext text/x-wiki <samp {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} style="padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em; color:{{{color|#666666}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</samp><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> apn9hmhqkv5mh0l3sdd21myapwsnm79 10 11410 84491 2022-05-20T00:10:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Samp/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> == Purpose == This template is for explicitly indicating that the content inside it represents example output from a computer program or other machine source ([[automated attendant]]/[[interactive voice response]] call system, [[exit code]] of an application, [[standard output]], LCD display, file name, etc.) It uses the &#91;[[XHTML|X]]&#93;[[HTML]] element {{tag|samp}} (''sample output'') which exists for this purpose, and applies some styling to it, namely a faint greying out of the text color to visually difference it from source code and input. It retains the default monospaced (non-proportional) font style of the {{tag|samp|open}} element. Because it uses {{tag|samp}} instead of simply applying visual style effects, it is [[semantic markup]] that conveys meaning, and it can be further acted upon by the user agent (e.g. with custom local style sheets). This tag is the exact opposite of {{tlx|kbd}}, which is for example input. == Usage == The template takes one mandatory parameter, the content to be marked up. If this content contains "=" (an equals sign), the parameter {{em|must}} be explicitly named {{para|1}}, or the template will fail. (This is a limitation of the MediaWiki software, not the template.) It is always safer to use {{para|1}} syntax. It may be used as a container for {{tlx|var}}, {{tlx|varserif}} or {{tag|var}} when the example output contains or consists entirely of a variable. It may also be used with (but not inside) {{tlx|code}}, or with {{tag|code}} (it generally should not be used inside the latter, as output is not a part of source code, but something that results from it; however, this style can be used to illustrate computer display of mixed type, as illustrated below). For cases where it is useful to display the color of the output, there is an optional parameter {{para|color}} that takes an [[Web colors|HTML color name or <code>#<var>nnnnnn</var></code> color code]] (in which case the <code>#</code> is mandatory). For [[WP:ACCESSIBILITY|accessibility]] reasons, color should never be the only distinguishing factor, as {{samp|foo|color=red}} and {{samp|foo|color=green}} may be indistinguishable to color-blind readers. There may also be cases where some other aspect of the output may need to be reproduced; the {{para|style}} parameter accepts any complete CSS statement(s), terminating with a semicolon, e.g. {{para|style|font-variant:small-caps; font-style:italic;}}. Examples: * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "The error message {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} has been cited as notoriously user-unfriendly." * {{tnull|samp|%}} with {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must enter {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}." * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}, to indicate output color: On failure, the {{samp|Error|color=red}} light activates. * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}, for more customization: On failure, the {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} light activates. <!--The section below only makes sense if you remember that when /doc pages are included into the template page they belong to, their background is light green! -->Some of these examples may look slightly different outside this documentation, because the default background color varies by page type (articles are stark white, template documentation pale green, most other pages very pale grey). In-article example: <div style="background:#FFFFFF;"> * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "The error message {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} has been cited as notoriously user-unfriendly." * {{tnull|samp|%}} with {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "At the {{samp|%}} prompt, the user must enter {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}." * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}, to indicate output color: On failure, the {{samp|Error|color=red}} light activates. * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}, for more customization: On failure, the {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} light activates. </div><!-- The section above only makes sense if you remember that when /doc pages are included into the template page they belong to, their background is light green! --> === See also === * {{t|code}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 63l6xff486lf074fld6uq3uikkr3610 10 11411 84492 2022-05-20T00:11:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!mxt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: #8B0000;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<!--"monospace, monospace" needed per Wikipedia:Typography#The_monospace_'bug'--><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} <!--This category has to be done on a per-template basis, not in the shared docs, since it only apply to four templates in the family.--> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] </noinclude> 24o3hi2rjb3jddcfaf1lsnt9zi9p48r 10 11412 84493 2022-05-20T00:11:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia how-to wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = notice | style = {{#if:{{{style|}}} |margin:0 auto;width:80%;{{{style}}} }} | image = [[File:Twemoji 1f527.svg|30x30px]] | imageright = {{#if:{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}} |{{Shortcut|{{{shortcut|{{{shortcut1|{{{sc1|{{{1}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{shortcut2|{{{sc2|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}||{{{shortcut3|{{{sc3|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}|{{{shortcut4|{{{sc4|{{{4|}}}}}}}}}||{{{shortcut5|{{{sc5|{{{5|}}}}}}}}}<noinclude>|category=no</noinclude>}} }} | text = <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">'''This help page is a [[Wikipedia:Project namespace#Wikipedia how-to and information pages|how-to guide]].'''<br><div style="font-size: 90%;">It details processes or procedures of <!-- -->{{#if:{{{page|{{{pages|{{{interprets|}}}}}}}}} | <!--doesn't handle multiple items--> {{#ifexist:{{{page|{{{pages|{{{interprets}}}}}}}}} |[[{{{page|{{{pages|{{{interprets}}}}}}}}}]] |{{{page|{{{pages|{{{interprets}}}}}}}}}}} | some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's norms and practices }}. It is not one of [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Wikipedia's policies or guidelines]], and may reflect varying levels of [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] and [[Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving consensus|vetting]].</div></div> }}{{#if: {{{nocat|{{{demo|}}}}}}||<includeonly>{{Namespace detect | wikipedia = {{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia how-to|{{#if:{{{sort-by|}}}|{{{sort-by}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}]]}}} | help = {{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia how-to|{{#if:{{{sort-by|}}}|{{{sort-by}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}]]}}} | user = [[Category:User essays]]{{{category|}}} }} </includeonly>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= {{Information page/doc |howto=y}} }} </noinclude> t4nh25u8ei84qum4eemv9fkd3g8kdb6 10 11413 84494 2022-05-20T00:12:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia technical help wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Notice |style=margin-bottom:1.5em; |1=<span style="font-size:large;color:purple;">Please do not post your requests or questions on this page. If you have questions about using Wikipedia, please ask at the '''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help&nbsp;desk]]''' or the '''[[Wikipedia:Teahouse|Teahouse]]'''. For questions about subjects and topics, please use the '''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference Desk]]'''. Volunteers at these locations will respond to your questions as soon as possible.</span>}}</noinclude><!-- -->{{#invoke:navbox|navbox | name = Wikipedia technical help | title = [[Help:Directory#Technical help|Wikipedia technical help]] | state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|autocollapse}}}</includeonly>}}} | basestyle = text-align: center; | bodyclass=hlist | above = '''Get personal technical help at [[Wikipedia:Teahouse|the Teahouse]], [[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]], [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)|Village pump (technical)]], [[Help:Introduction to talk pages/1|talk pages]] or [[Wikipedia:IRC|IRC]].''' | group1 = [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical|General<br/>technical help]] | list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Browser notes|Browser notes]] ** [[Wikipedia:Bypass your cache|Bypass cache]] ** [[Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts|Keyboard shortcuts]] * [[Help:Editing|Editing]] ** [[Help:CharInsert|CharInsert]] ** [[Help:Edit conflict|Edit conflict]] ** [[Help:Edit toolbar|Edit toolbar]] ** [[Help:Reverting|Reverting]] * [[Wikipedia:How to create a page|How to create a page]] * [[Wikipedia:IRC|IRC]] ** [[Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Help:Mobile access|Mobile access]] * [[Help:Multilingual support|Multilingual support]] * [[Help:Page history|Page history]] * [[Help:Page information|Page information]] * [[Wikipedia:Page name|Page name]] ** [[Help:Page name|Help]] * [[Help:Printing|Printing]] * [[Wikipedia:Software notices|Software notices]] ** [[Wikipedia:Editnotice|Editnotice]] * [[Help:Special characters|Special Characters]] ** [[Help:Entering special characters|Entering]] * [[Wikipedia:User access levels|User access levels]] * [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] ** [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide|User guide]] | group2 = [[Special:SpecialPages|Special<br/>page]]-related | list2 = * [[Help:Special page|Special page help]] * [[Wikipedia:Edit filter|Edit filter]] * [[Wikipedia:Emailing users|Emailing users]] * [[Help:Logging in|Logging in]] ** [[Help:Reset password|Reset passwords]] * [[Help:Log|Logs]] * [[Wikipedia:Moving a page|Moving a page]] ** [[Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves|Fixing cut-and-paste moves]] ** [[Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"|Non-admin and admin-only page moves]] * [[Help:Notifications|Notifications/Echo]] ** [[Help:Notifications/FAQ|FAQ]] * [[Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help|Page Curation]] * [[Help:Import|Page import]] * [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|Pending changes]] * [[Wikipedia:Random|Random pages]] * [[Help:Recent changes|Recent changes]] * [[Help:Related changes|Related changes]] * [[Help:Searching|Searching]] ** [[Help:Linksearch|Linksearch]] * [[Wikipedia:Tags|Tags]] * [[Help:User contributions|User contributions]] * [[Help:Watchlist|Watchlist]] * [[Help:What links here|What links here]] | group3 = [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] | list3 = * [[Help:Wikitext|Wikitext]] ** [[Help:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Help:Columns|Columns]] * [[Help:Line-break handling|Line-break handling]] * [[Help:List|Lists]] * [[Help:Magic words|Magic words]] ** [[Help:Magic words for beginners|For beginners]] ** [[Help:Conditional expressions|Conditional expressions]] ** [[Help:Switch parser function|Switch parser function]] ** [[Help:Time function|Time function]] * [[Help:Redirect|Redirects]] * [[Help:Section|Sections and TOCs]] * [[Help:Table|Tables]] ** [[Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1|Introduction]] ** [[Help:Basic table markup|Basics]] ** [[Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting|Advanced table formatting]] ** [[Help:Collapsing|Collapsing]] ** [[Help:Conditional tables|Conditional tables]] ** [[Help:Sorting|Sorting]] * [[Help:Using colours|Using colours]] | group4 = [[Help:Link|Links]] and [[Help:Diff|diffs]] | list4 = * [[Help:Link|Links]] ** [[Help:Interlanguage links|Interlanguage]] ** [[Help:Interwiki linking|Interwiki]] ** [[Help:Permanent link|Permanent]] * [[Help:Diff|Diffs]] ** [[Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide|Simplest diff guide]] ** [[Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide|Simple diff and link guide]] ** [[Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide|Complete diff and link guide]] * [[Help:Colon trick|Colon trick]] * [[Help:Link color|Link color]] * [[Help:Pipe trick|Pipe trick]] * [[Help:URL|URLs]] | group5 = [[Wikipedia:Media|Media]] files: images,<br/>videos and sounds | list5 = * [[Help:Media|Media help]] * [[Help:Files|Files]] ** [[Help:Creation and usage of media files|Creation and usage]] ** [[Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons|Moving files to Commons]] * [[Wikipedia:Images|Images]] ** [[Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1|Introduction to images]] ** [[Help:Pictures|Picture tutorial]] ** [[Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload|Preparing images for upload]] ** [[Wikipedia:Uploading images|Uploading images]] ** [[Help:Options to hide an image|Options to hide an image]] ** [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax|Extended image syntax]] ** [[Wikipedia:SVG help|SVG help]] * [[Help:Gallery tag|Gallery tag]] * [[Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials|Graphics tutorials]] ** [[Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing|Basic bitmap image editing]] ** [[Wikipedia:How to improve image quality|How to improve image quality]] ** [[Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources|Graphics Lab resources]] * [[Help:Sound file markup|Sound file markup]] * [[Help:Visual file markup|Visual file markup]] | group6 = Other graphics | list6 = * [[Help:Family trees|Family trees]] * [[Wikipedia:Graphs and charts|Graphs and charts]] ** [[Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles|How to create]] ** [[Help:Barchart|Barcharts]] ** [[Wikipedia:To scale charts|To scale charts]] * [[Help:Displaying a formula|Math formulas]] ** [[Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols|Math symbols]] * [[Help:Score|Musical scores]] ** [[Help:Musical symbols|Musical symbols]] * [[Wikipedia:Timeline|Timeline]] ** [[Help:EasyTimeline syntax|EasyTimeline syntax]] * [[Help:WikiHiero syntax|WikiHiero syntax]] | group7 = [[Help:A quick guide to templates|Templates]] and<br/>[[Lua (programming language)|Lua]] modules | list7 = * [[Help:Template|Templates]] * [[Wikipedia:Advanced template coding|Advanced template coding]] * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|Template documentation]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index|Template index]] * [[Wikipedia:Template limits|Template limits]] * [[Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases|Template sandbox and test cases]] * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates|Citation templates]] * [[Help:Lua|Lua help]] * [[Wikipedia:Lua|Lua project]] ** [[Wikipedia:Lua/Resources|Resources]] ** [[Wikipedia:Lua/To do|To do]] * [[Help:Substitution|Substitution]] * [[Wikipedia:Purge|Purge]] ** [[Help:Job queue|Job queue]] * [[Help:Transclusion|Transclusion]] ** [[Help:Labeled section transclusion|Labeled section]] ** [[Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits|Costs and benefits]] * [[Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling|Guide to Scribbling]] | group8 = [[Wikipedia:Administration#Data structure and development|Data structure ]] | list8 = * [[Wikipedia:Namespace|Namespaces]] * [[Wikipedia:What is an article?|Main/Article]] * [[Help:Category|Category]] * [[Wikipedia:Drafts|Draft]] * [[Help:Files|File]] ** [[Help:File description page|File description page]] * [[Wikipedia:Help namespace|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:Portal|Portal]] * [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|Project/Wikipedia]] * [[Help:Talk pages|Talk]] ** [[Help:Archiving a talk page|Archiving]] ***[[Help:Archiving (plain and simple)|Simple]] * [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template]] * [[Wikipedia:User pages|User]] ** [[Wikipedia:User page design center|User page design]] * [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki]] ** [[Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests|Bug reports and feature requests]] ** [[Help:System message|System message]] ** [[mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler|TimedMediaHandler extension]] * [[Wikipedia:Lua|Module]] * [[Help:Special page|Special]] | group9 = [[HTML]] and [[CSS]] | list9 = * [[Help:Cascading Style Sheets|Cascading Style Sheets]] * [[Help:HTML in wikitext|HTML in wikitext]] * [[Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes|Catalogue of CSS classes]] * [[Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css|Common.js and common.css]] * [[Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font|User CSS for monospaced coding font]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes|Classes in microformats]] * [[Help:Markup validation|Markup validation]] * [[Wikipedia:Span tags|Span tags]] * [[Help:Useful styles|Useful styles]] | group10 = [[Wikipedia:Customisation|Customisation]]<br/>and tools | list10 = * [[Help:Preferences|Preferences]] * [[Wikipedia:Gadget|Gadgets]] * [[Wikipedia:Skin|Skins]] * [[Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]] * [[Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools|Cleaning up vandalism tools]] * [[Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists|Customizing watchlists]] ** [[Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist|Hide pages]] * [[Wikipedia:Scripts|IRC Scripts]] * [[Wikipedia:User scripts|User scripts]] ** [[Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide|Guide]] ** [[Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques|Techniques]] * [[Help:User style|User style]] * [[Wikipedia:Tools|Tools]] ** [[Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing|Alternative browsing]] ** [[Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools|Browser tools]] ** [[Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools|Editing tools]] ** [[Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts|Navigation shortcuts]] ** [[Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set|Optimum tool set]] * [[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services|Wikimedia Cloud Services]] * [[mw:Beta Features|Beta Features at MediaWiki]] | group11 = Automated editing | list11 = * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script|AfC helper script]] * [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] * [[Wikipedia:Bots|Bots]] ** [[Help:Creating a bot|Creating]] * [[Wikipedia:HotCat|HotCat]] * [[Wikipedia:Huggle|Huggle]] * [[Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups|Navigation popups]] * [[Wikipedia:RedWarn|RedWarn]] * [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] * [[Wikipedia:WPCleaner|WPCleaner]] * Inactive ** [[Wikipedia:igloo|igloo]] ** [[Wikipedia:STiki|STiki]] | below = * See also: '''[[:Category:Wikipedia how-to]]''' * '''[[:Category:Wikipedia information pages]]'''<br/>Further navigation at: [[Template:Wikipedia help pages|Help pages]] ** [[Template:Administrators' guide|Administrators]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu|Accessibility]] * [[Template:Wikipedia accounts|Accounts]] * [[Template:Botnav|Bots]] * [[Template:Wikipedia referencing|Referencing]] ** [[Template:Citation metadata navbox|Citation metadata]] * [[Template:Wikipedia templates|Templates]] * [[Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox|User scripts]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> nka0o0wrzx6f8rjlxrupaqarvo037ik 10 11414 84495 2022-05-20T00:12:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia technical help/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Usage == {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} ==Purpose== This is a navbox of the main technical help pages on English Wikipedia. It doesn't list them all as there are too many, but these should be the most helpful ones of a technical nature. ==Additional help== Some of the links are also on the {{tl|Wikipedia help pages}} navbox. Other helpful [[Wikipedia:Navboxes|navboxes]] for technical matters include: * {{tl|Wikipedia templates}} for an index of templates * {{tl|Wikipedia referencing}} for referencing templates * {{tl|Botnav}} for bot page navigation * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu]] for accessibility * [[Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox]] for user scripts Also, look at template documentation (such as [[Template:Navbox/doc]]), the text of which should also be found in a green section on the template page itself (which for the previous example would be [[Template:Navbox]]). [[Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates]] is a good comparative overview, and helpful [[Wikipedia:Categories|categories]] themselves include: * [[:Category:Wikipedia help]] and its [[Wikipedia:Subcategories|subcategories]] such as [[:Category:Wikipedia how-to]], [[:Category:Wikipedia image help]], [[:Category:Wikipedia interface help]], and [[:Category:Wikipedia link help]] * [[:Category:Wikipedia information pages]] ==See also== * {{tl|Wikipedia editor navigation}} an amalgamation of navboxes that includes this navbox. {{Wikipedia editor navigation templates|state=expanded}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|testcases|| <!--Categories below here, please; interwikis to Wikidata.--> [[Category:Wikipedia help navigation|Technical help]] }}}}</includeonly> cqgla9ka20v8q6a8s2typmsdvz22wls 10 11415 84496 2022-05-20T00:13:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia editor navigation templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{navbox | name = Wikipedia editor navigation templates | title = [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedia editor]] [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|navigation templates]] | bodyclass = hlist | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | group1 = Help page navboxes | list1 = * [[Template:Wikipedia accounts|Accounts]] * [[Template:Administrators' guide|Administrators' guide]] * [[Template:Basic information|Basic information]] * [[Template:Wikipedia categorization navbox|Categorization]] * [[Template:Citation metadata navbox|Citation metadata]] * [[Template:CSS and JS MediaWiki messages|CSS and JS files]] * [[Template:Wikipedia directories|Directories and indexes]] * [[Template:Wikipedia dos and don'ts|Dos and don'ts]] * [[Template:Wikipedia essays|Essays]] * [[Template:Handling miscellanea|Handling miscellanea]] * [[Template:Help desk searches|Help desk searches]] * [[Template:Wikipedia help pages|Help pages]] * [[Template:IPA keys|IPA keys]] * [[Template:List navbox|Lists]] * [[Template:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] * [[Template:MediaWiki messages|MediaWiki messages]] * [[Template:Wikipedia principles|Principles]] * [[Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines|Policies and guidelines]] * [[Template:Wikipedia referencing|Referencing]] * [[Template:Relevance and scope|Relevance and scope]] * [[Template:Rule summaries|Rule summaries]] * [[Template:Wikipedia sockpuppetry|Sock puppetry]] * [[Template:Speedy deletion navbox|Speedy deletion navbox]] * [[Template:Wikipedia technical help|Technical help]] * [[Template:Wikipedia templates|Templates]] ** [[Template:Quicktemplates|Quick templates]] * [[Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox|User scripts]] * [[Template:Writing guides|Writing guides]] | group2 = Community navboxes | list2 = * [[Template:Active Wiki Fixup Projects|Active Wiki Fixup Projects]] * [[Template:Arbitration Committee Elections|ArbCom Elections]] * [[Template:Wikipedia community|Community]] * [[Template:Core topics|Core topics]] * [[Template:Deletion debates navbar|Deletion debates]] * [[Template:Goings-on|Goings-on]] * [[Template:History of Wikipedia|History of Wikipedia]] * [[Template:Wikipedia in the media|In the media]] * [[Template:AbuseNavigation|Long term abuse]] * [[Template:Noticeboard links|Noticeboards]] ** [[Template:Regional Wikipedian notice boards|Regional notice boards]] * [[Template:Main Page topics|Main Page topics]] * [[Wikipedia:Meetup Box|Meetups]] * [[Template:Orders, decorations, and medals of Wikipedia|Orders, decorations, and medals]] * [[Template:Requested content|Requested articles]] ** [[Template:Requested articles navbox|Requested articles by country]] * [[Template:Requests for permissions|Requests for permissions]] * [[Template:RfA Navigation|RfA]] ** [[Template:Requests for adminship by year|RfA by year]] * [[Template:RFC list footer|RFC list]] * [[Template:BJAODN|Silly things]] * [[Wikipedia:Teahouse/Host_navigation|Teahouse host pages]] * [[Template:Transwiki maintenance|Transwiki maintenance]] * [[Template:WikiFauna|WikiFauna]] * [[Template:Wikipediholism|Wikipediholism]] * [[Template:WikiProject Footer|WikiProjects]] | group3 = Other navboxes | list3 = * [[Template:Help desk searches|Help desk searches]] * [[Template:User toolbox|User toolbox]] ** [[Template:RfA toolbox|RfA/RfB]] * [[Template:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] ** [[Template:Wikipedias|Languages]] * [[Template:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] * [[Template:TWLJ|The Wikipedia Library resources]] ** [[Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Navbox|The Wikipedia Library Navbox]] | group4 = All-in-one navboxes | list4 = * [[Template:Wikipedia editor navigation|Editor navigation]] * [[Template:Useful links|Useful links]] * [[Template:Tools|Tools]] | group5 = Rule sidebars | list5 = * [[Template:Guideline list|Guideline list]] ** [[Template:Style|Manual of Style]] ** [[Template:Notability guide|Notability guide]] * [[Template:Policy list|Policy list]] ** [[Template:Naming conventions|Naming conventions]] ** [[Template:Conduct policy list|Conduct policy]] ** [[Template:Content policy list|Content policy]] ** [[Template:Deletion policy list|Deletion policy]] ** [[Template:Enforcement policy list|Enforcement policy]] ** [[Template:Legal policy list|Legal policy]] ** [[Template:Wikipedia vandalism|Vandalism]] * [[Template:Wikipedia content|Content]] | group6 = Other help sidebars | list6 = * [[Template:About Wikipedia|About Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu|Accessibility]] * [[Template:Article creation|Article creation]] * [[Template:Article resources|Article resources]] * [[Template:Wikipedia categorization|Categorization]] * [[Template:Wikipedia copyright|Copyright]] * [[Template:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[Template:Dabnav|Disambiguation]] * [[Template:Arguments|Discussions]] * [[Template:Editor toc|Editing]] * [[Template:Essay list|Essay]] * [[Template:FAPath|Featured article path]] * [[Template:Glossaries|Glossaries]] * [[Template:Linking and page manipulation|Linking and page manipulation]] * [[Template:Namespaces|Namespaces]] * [[Wikipedia:Processes/Wikipedia processes|Processes]] * [[Template:Reader help|Reader help]] * [[Template:Tutorials|Tutorials]] * [[Template:Wikimedia user access levels|User access levels]] * [[Template:VisualEditor navbox|VisualEditor]] * [[Template:Wikitext navbox|Wiki markup]] * [[Wikipedia:User page design center/Navigation aids/Nav header editing/Wikipedian philosophies|Wikipedian philosophies]] | group7 = Community sidebars | list7 = * [[Template:MiniAWFP|Active Wiki Fixup Projects]] * [[Template:AFMPbox|April Fool's Day Main Page]] * [[Template:ArbCom sidebar|Arbitration Committee]] * [[Template:Wikipedia Awards|Awards]] * [[Template:COTWs|Collaborations]] * [[Template:Precedents|Common decisions and arguments]] * [[Template:CSD-categories|CSD-categories]] * [[Template:Deletion debates|Deletion debates]] ** [[Template:Deletion tools|Deletion tools]] * [[Template:Dispute-resolution|Dispute resolution]] * [[Template:Newpagesbox|New Page Patrol]] * [[Template:Rewardboardpages|Reward Board]] * [[Template:Resources for collaboration|Resources for maintenance and collaboration]] * [[Template:SPI navigation|Sockpuppet investigations]] * [[Template:Wikipedia_Signpost/Templates/Navigation|Signpost]] * [[Template:Translation department|Translation department]] * [[Template:WikiStats|Wikistats]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory/Links|WikiProjects]] | group8 = Bar-style headers | list8 = * [[Template:Botnav|Bots]] * [[Template:Header navbar community|Community]] ** [[Template:Header navbar community alt|Alt]] * [[Template:Edit filter navigation|Edit filter]] * [[Template:Help pages header|Help pages]] * [[Template:Medcom menu|Mediation Committee]] * [[Template:Wikipedia programs|Programs]] * [[Template:Header navbar WikiProjects|WikiProjects]] | below = For navboxes that link mostly to templates see the [[Template:Wikipedia templates|template navbox]]. See also [[:Category:WikiProject navigational templates|WikiProject navigation]] and [[:Category:Wikipedia meetups navigation templates|meetup]] categories. }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> f7a0upddi89b7drtmni1xr7eacrun5c 10 11416 84497 2022-05-20T00:14:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia editor navigation templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> ==Usage== Navbox and sidebar templates that link to internal (non-article) pages. These pages are mostly in the Wikipedia and Help namespaces. Please do ''not include'' navboxes that mostly link to templates as these are included in [[Template:Wikipedia templates]]. For WikiProject navigational templates see [[:Category:WikiProject navigational templates]]. Meetups at [[:Category:Wikipedia meetups navigation templates]]. They are mostly found in [[:Category:Wikipedia-internal navigational templates]], including subcategories such as [[:Category:Documentation see also templates‎]], [[:Category:Wikipedia guideline templates‎]], [[:Category:Wikipedia maintenance navigation‎al templates]], [[:Category:Wikipedia policy list templates‎]]. [[:Category:WikiProject navigational templates‎]]. Others may be found in categories like [[:Category:Wikipedia help templates]]. Bar style templates are at [[:Category:Bar-style templates]]. ==Collapsible option== {{collapsible option}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Navigational meta-templates]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> oo2n3ek7hzq1hwvqey2wpvgaz7gbtbh 10 11417 84498 2022-05-20T00:14:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespace detect wikitext text/x-wiki {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#invoke:Namespace detect|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> l3ti6zjxip68spdlt018btofjtao8um 10 11418 84499 2022-05-20T00:14:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespace detect/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk| approximately 140000 }} {{Lua|Module:Namespace detect}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> This is the {{tl|Namespace detect}} meta-template. It helps other templates detect what type of page they are on. It detects and groups all the different [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Enumeration|namespaces]] used on Wikipedia into several types: ; main : Main (i.e. article) space, where normal Wikipedia articles are kept. ; talk : Any talk space, including page names that start with "Talk:", "User talk:", "File talk:", etc. '''{{hlist|user|wikipedia|file|mediawiki|template|help|category|portal}}''' : The remaining namespaces. ; other : Any namespaces that were not specified as a parameter to the template (see explanation below). For backwards compatibility, this template handles '''image''' as if '''file'''. '''image''' (<nowiki>[[Image:...]]</nowiki>) is now deprecated. '''Note:''' For most cases it may be better to use the simpler namespace detection templates (see the [[#See also|see also]] section below). This template is more prone to human errors such as misspelling parameter names. == Usage == This template takes one or more parameters named after the different page types as listed above. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | main = Article text | talk = Talk page text | other = Other pages text }} </pre> If the template is on a main (article) page, it will return this: : {{Namespace detect |demospace=main | main = Article text | talk = Talk page text | other = Other pages text }} If the template is on any other page than an article or a talk page, it will return this: : {{Namespace detect | main = Article text | talk = Talk page text | other = Other pages text }} The example above made the template return something for all page types. But if we don't use the '''other''' parameter or leave it empty, it will not return anything for the other page types. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | file = File page text | category = Category page text | other = }} </pre> On any pages other than file and category pages the code above will render nothing. <!-- Do not remove this one. It is supposed to render nothing, but we have it here for testing purposes. --> : {{Namespace detect | file = File page text | category = Category page text | other = }} By using an empty parameter, you can make it so the template doesn't render anything for some specific page type. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | main = | other = Other pages text }} </pre> The code above will render nothing when on mainspace (article) pages, but will return this when on other pages: : {{Namespace detect | main = | other = Other pages text }} == Demospace and page == For testing and demonstration purposes, this template can take two parameters named '''demospace''' and '''page'''. '''demospace''' understands any of the page type names used by this template, including the '''other''' type. It tells the template to behave like it is on some specific type of page. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | main = Article text | other = Other pages text | demospace = main }} </pre> No matter on what kind of page the code above is used, it will return this: : {{Namespace detect | main = Article text | other = Other pages text | demospace = main }} The '''page''' parameter instead takes a normal pagename, making this template behave exactly as if on that page. The pagename doesn't have to be an existing page. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | user = User page text | other = Other pages text | page = User:Example }} </pre> No matter on what kind of page the code above is used, it will return this: : {{Namespace detect | user = User page text | other = Other pages text | page = User:Example }} It can be convenient to let your template understand the '''demospace''' and/or '''page''' parameter and send it on to the {{tl|Namespace detect}} template. Like this: <pre> {{Namespace detect | main = Article text | other = Other pages text | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | page = {{{page|}}} }} </pre> If both the '''demospace''' and '''page''' parameters are empty or undefined, the template will detect page types as usual. == Parameters == List of all parameters: <pre> {{Namespace detect | main = ... | other = | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} / main / talk / user / wikipedia / file / mediawiki / template / help / category / portal / other | page = {{{page|}}} / User:Example }} </pre> Note: Empty values to the "main" ... "other" parameters have special meaning. == Technical details == Namespace "Image" was renamed to "File" on 11 December 2008. This template was updated to understand both names well before that, thus it still works fine. For backwards compatibility it still understands "image" both as a parameter name, such as "image&nbsp;= File page text", and as a value "demospace&nbsp;= image". If you intend to feed tables as content to the numbered parameters of this template, you need to know this: [[Help:Template|Templates]] have a problem handling parameter data that contains pipes "<code>|</code>" unless the pipe is inside another template <code><nowiki>{{name|param1}}</nowiki></code> or inside a piped link <code><nowiki>[[Help:Template|help]]</nowiki></code>. Thus templates can not handle [[Help:Table|wikitables]] as input unless you escape them by using the {{tn|!}} template. This makes it hard to use wikitables as parameters to templates. Instead, the usual solution is to use "[[Help:HTML in wikitext|HTML wikimarkup]]" for the table code, which is more robust. For more technical details, e.g. about copying this template to other projects and CSS-based namespace detection, see {{tl|Main talk other}} and its talk page. == See also == *[[Template:SUBJECTSPACE formatted]] {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] [[Category:If-then-else templates]] }}</includeonly> mid30buikyre0j3uohunxad9me1wskc 10 11419 84500 2022-05-20T00:15:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespace and pagename-detecting templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Namespace and pagename-detecting templates | state = {{{state|{{{1|<noinclude>expanded</noinclude>}}}}}} | bodyclass=hlist | title = Namespace and pagename-detecting templates | group1 = [[Wikipedia:Namespace|Namespace]] | list1 = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=font-weight:normal; | group1 = Particular | list1 = * {{tlbare|Main other}} * {{tlbare|Talk other}} * {{tlbare|Category other}} * {{tlbare|Draft other}} * {{tlbare|File other}} ** {{tlbare|Is Commons}} * {{tlbare|Help other}} * {{tlbare|Module other}} * {{tlbare|Portal other}} * {{tlbare|Template other}} * {{tlbare|User other}} * {{tlbare|Wikipedia other}} * {{tlbare|Single namespace}} * {{tlbare|If talkspace of}} * {{tlbare|If usertalk of}} | group2 = More generic | list2 = * {{tlbare|Namespace detect}} * {{tlbare|Namespace detect showall}} * {{tlbare|Main talk other}} ** {{tlbare|Main talk other flex}} * {{tlbare|Talkspace detect}} }} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Page name|Pagename]] | list2 = {{navbox|subgroup | groupstyle = line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; | liststyle = line-height:1.2em | group1 = {{tlbare|When on basepage}} | list1 = Detects and acts according to whether it is on a basepage ''or'' on any subpage (that is, a <code>../..</code> subpage). | group2 = {{tlbare|When pagename is}} | list2 = For pattern matching on the pagename. | group3 = [[Module:Page]] | list3 = Can take apart and put together pagenames in several ways. | group4 = {{tlbare|IP-talk}} | list4 = Returns IP-user talkpage, registered-user talkpage or non-user talkpage. | group5 = {{tlbare|IP-user other}} | list5 = For detecting IP-user pages. | group6 = {{tlbare|Subpage other}} | list6 = Pagename has an after-slash part (not in mainspace) | group7 = {{tlbare|Sandbox other}} | list7 = Page is subpage /sandbox (template space) | group8 = {{tlbare|Testcases other}} | list8 = Page is subpage /testcases (template space) | group9 = {{tlbare|Rootpage other}} | list9 = Page is rootpage (vs. /subpage) (template space) }} | group3 = Others | list3 = {{navbox|subgroup | groupstyle = line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; | liststyle = line-height:1.2em | group1 = {{tlbare|Stub other}} | list1 = Detects whether it is on a page with a stub template or not. | group2 = {{tlbare|If preview}} | list2 = Detects whether page is viewed as a preview or not. | group3 = {{tlbare|If IP}} | list3 = Displays different content to IP users and logged-in users. | group4 = {{tlbare|If autoconfirmed}} | list4 = Displays different content to autoconfirmed and non-autoconfirmed users. | group5 = {{tlbare|If extended confirmed}} | list5 = Displays different content to extended confirmed and non-extended confirmed users. | group6 = {{tlbare|If administrator}} | list6 = Displays content only to admins. | group7 = {{tlbare|If mobile}} | list7 = Displays different content to mobile users and desktop users. | group8 = {{tlbare|If checkuser}} | list8 = Displays content only to checkusers. | group9 = {{tlbare|Noscript}} | list9 = Detects whether page is viewed with a JavaScript-capable client or not. }} | below = * [[Wikipedia:Namespace]] * [[Wikipedia:Page name]] * [[mw:Help:Magic words|Magic words]] * [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions|ParserFunctions]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 2dwp0scty1xgkap1j0mafgnejp6d4s1 10 11420 84501 2022-05-20T00:16:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespace and pagename-detecting templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!--Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]])--> {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> 7vd3z1lix4pebvzem4f6e9vl8itdf1q 10 11421 84502 2022-05-20T00:17:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tn wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link with linked braces]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} qfldmewjfsjexjv4f22i180hgbylarn 10 11422 84503 2022-05-20T00:17:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with linked braces wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:Template link general|main|brace=yes}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpageand interwikis to Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> arcv7jcvvas88zewsuzcd44elmxuqmt 10 11423 84504 2022-05-20T00:17:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with linked braces/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> This template is used similarly to [[Template:Tl]] to show the name of a template with the pairs of open and close braces around it. But this variant makes the inner braces part of the link, whereas [[Template:Tl]] does not make the braces part of the link. This is to allow easier clicking of very short template names. The "Tn" name is short for '''T'''emplate '''n'''ame. ==Usage== : {{tlc|tn|''template_name''}} ==Example with comparison== {{Aligned table | {{tlx|tn|!}} | produces: {{tn|!}} | {{tlx|tl|!}} | produces: {{tl|!}} }} ==See also== * {{tl|tl}} * {{tl|lts}} {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!----ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE:----> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> hm6x0sdhru3w10pyn7uwisi8mvaoiq4 10 11424 84505 2022-05-20T00:19:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:N/a wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- | <onlyinclude>data-sort-value="{{{sort|}}}" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: {{{align|center}}}; {{{style|}}}" class="table-na" <!-- -->| {{{1|N/A}}}</onlyinclude> |} {{documentation}} onzkutomdha4snn4aa8myn95j76aace 10 11425 84506 2022-05-20T00:20:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:N/a/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{tlr|Not applicable|N/A|NA}} {{High-use}} {{Table cell templates/doc|N/A}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> kt9var9luws85eka09flci9mim95uod 10 11426 84507 2022-05-20T00:20:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:NoteFoot wikitext text/x-wiki {{reflist|{{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}}|refs={{{refs|{{{notes|}}}}}}|group=note}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> jb6gzf74sk3ppglrheabtiqhr89t4pb 10 11427 84508 2022-05-20T00:20:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:NoteFoot/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] }}</includeonly> 6n1xfwulvi418c0zr9ei2hqni5dj2xz 12 11428 84509 2022-05-20T00:21:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ubufasha:Footnotes wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-semi-indef}}</noinclude>{{short description|Wikipedia help article}} {{For|the official guideline on citing sources|Wikipedia:Citing sources}} {{For|help with citation templates|Help:Citation Style 1}} {{Redirect|WP:FN|the fringe theories noticeboard|Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Noticeboard}} {{Redirect|WP:NOTES|hatnotes|Wikipedia:Hatnote|article layout of footnotes|MOS:NOTES|musical notes|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music#Images and notation}} {{Wikipedia how to|H:FOOT|WP:FOOTNOTES|H:FN}} This page explains how to create the '''Footnotes''' section for Wikipedia articles. In this context, the word "Footnotes" refers to the Wikipedia-specific manner of documenting an article's sources and providing tangential information, and should not be confused with the general concept of [[Note (typography)|footnotes]]. This how-to does not cover the formatting of citations within the Footnotes section, which is reviewed in [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]]. Footnotes are used most commonly to provide: * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|references (bibliographic citations) to reliable sources]], * [[Help:explanatory notes|explanatory information]] or * source information for tables and other elements. Footnotes or [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnotes]] may be used at the editor's discretion in accordance with the guideline on [[WP:CITEVAR|Variation in citation methods]]. Only certain types of material on the English Wikipedia are required to have an inline citation. There is [[Wikipedia:Inline citation#Citation density|no requirement to provide a citation for every sentence]], because multiple sentences may be supported by the same footnote. For advice on which material should be cited, see the guidelines on [[WP:MINREF|When you must use inline citations]], the [[Wikipedia:Good article criteria|Good article criteria]] and [[Wikipedia:when to cite|When to cite]]. For advice on how to organize and format bibliographic citations, see the guideline on [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] and examples of [[Wikipedia:Citation templates#Examples|Citation templates]]. Footnotes are created using the {{cite.php}} software extension. This extension adds the HTML-like elements {{tag|ref}}, {{tag|references|s}} and {{tag|references}}. The elements are also used in a number of templates; for example, it is becoming more common to use {{tl|reflist}} rather than {{tag|references|s}} as it can style the reference list. ==Overview== {{VE documentation|style=width: 25%; font-size: 87%; float:right}}<!--This is because the visual editor is even more limited than the standard Wikitext editor--> The Footnotes system shows two elements on the page: * A '''Footnote marker''' is displayed in the article's content as a bracketed, superscripted number, letter, or word. Examples shown respectively are: {{dummy ref}}{{dummy ref|a}}{{dummy ref|Note 1}}. This footnote label is linked to the full footnote. Clicking on the footnote marker jumps the page down to the footnote and highlights the citation. If you are using the desktop site and have Javascript enabled, then hovering your cursor over a footnote marker (or touching it on touch devices) will show a pop-up box containing the footnote. * A '''Footnote''' displays the full citation for the source. Together the footnotes are displayed in an ordered list wherever the reference list markup {{tl|reflist}} is placed. Each entry begins with the footnote label in plain text. The entire reference list is formatted in a slightly smaller font. :Each successive footnote label is automatically incremented. Thus the first footnote marker would be {{dummy ref}}, the second would be {{dummy ref|2}} and so on. Custom labels are also incremented: {{dummy ref|a}}{{dummy ref|b}}{{dummy ref|c}}, {{dummy ref|Note 1}} {{dummy ref|Note 2}} {{dummy ref|Note 3}}. :For a single use footnote, the label is followed by a caret (^) that is a backlink to the matching footnote marker. For example: {{dummy footnote|margin=5em}} :If a named footnote is used in the text multiple times, then the footnote has multiple backlinks shown as letters: {{dummy footnote|2|a b c|margin=5em}} :Clicking on the backlink or pressing {{keypress|Alt|←}} returns to the footnote marker. ===Footnotes in action=== The superscript numeral "1" in square brackets at the end of this sentence is an example of a footnote marker.<ref>This is a footnote that contains a citation or note.</ref> {{reflist}} {{anchor|Footnote markers: the basics}} ==Footnotes: the basics== {{See also|Help:Reftags}} To create the footnote marker, determine the point in the page content where the marker is desired and enter the markup with the citation or note inside the {{tag|ref}} tags. For example: {{markup |<nowiki>This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}} }} The {{tl|reflist}} template will be explained in the next section. The content inside the {{tag|ref}} will show in the reference list. The ref tags can be added anywhere a citation or note is needed. There must be content inside the tags, else an error will show. ===Where to place ref tags=== Ref tags should follow any punctuation (usually a period), not precede it; see [[WP:REFPUNC]]. There should be no space between the punctuation and the tag: {{markup |<nowiki>...text.<ref>Content of the reference</ref> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |...text.<ref>Content of the reference</ref> &nbsp; &nbsp; {{xt|Right}} {{reflist}} |<nowiki>...text<ref>Content of the reference</ref>. {{reflist}}</nowiki> |...text<ref>Content of the reference</ref>. &nbsp; &nbsp; {{!xt|Wrong (tag before punctuation)}} {{reflist}} |<nowiki>...text. <ref>Content of the reference</ref> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |...text. <ref>Content of the reference</ref> &nbsp; &nbsp; {{!xt|Wrong (space before tag)}} {{reflist}} }} ===Formatting ref tags=== The content of the ref tags can be formatted using most wiki markup or HTML markup, although techniques such as the [[Help:Pipe trick|pipe trick]] and [[Help:Substitution|template substitution]] will not work in footnotes. For example: {{markup |<nowiki>This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}} }} The ref tag content may also contain an internal or external link: {{markup |<nowiki>This is page content.<ref>''[http://www.example.org LibreOffice For Starters]'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is page content.<ref>''[http://www.example.org LibreOffice For Starters]'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{reflist}} }} {{MediaWiki URL rules}} ==Reference lists: the basics== Once any number of footnotes have been inserted into the content, the reference list must be generated. For the basic reference list, add {{tl|reflist}} wherever the list is desired. Once the page is published and viewed, the footnotes will be automatically generated and numbered and the reference list will be generated. The main reference list is placed in a separate section, usually titled "References", "Notes" or the like. {{markup |<nowiki>This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> ==References== {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is page content.<ref>''LibreOffice For Starters'', First Edition, Flexible Minds, Manchester, 2002, p. 18</ref> {{fake heading|sub=2|References}} {{reflist}} }} '''Notes''' {{shortcut|HELP:MULTIREF}} * In some cases, a page has more than one reference list. Until 2014, multiple uses of {{tl|reflist}} on the same page required use of a {{para|close}} parameter; that bug has been fixed and the{{para|close}} parameter may safely be removed. *When editing, {{tag|references|s}} may be seen instead of {{tl|reflist}}. This is valid, but {{tag|references|s}} does not offer the advanced features of {{tl|reflist}}. {{anchor|Naming a ref tag so it can be used more than once|Footnote markers: using a source more than once}} ==Footnotes: using a source more than once== {{Shortcut|WP:REFNAME|WP:NAMEDREFS}} {{Anchor|Reference name (naming a ref tag so it can be used more than once)}} {{Anchor|WP:NAMEDREF}} <!-- from WP:NAMEDREFS redirect --> {{See also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citing multiple pages of the same source}} You can cite the same source more than once on a page by using named footnotes. The syntax to define a named footnote is: :{{tag|ref|params=name="<var>name</var>"|content=<var>content</var>}} To invoke the named footnote: :{{tag|ref|s|params=name="<var>name</var>"}} {{refname rules}} {{markup |<nowiki>This is page content.<ref name="manchester2002">{{cite book|title=LibreOffice for Starters|edition=First|publisher=Flexible Minds|location=Manchester|year=2002|p=18}}</ref> This is more content.<ref name="manchester2002" /> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is page content.<ref name="manchester2002">{{cite book|title=LibreOffice for Starters|edition=First|publisher=Flexible Minds|location=Manchester|year=2002|p=18}}</ref> This is more content.<ref name="manchester2002" /> {{reflist}} }} The actual name used can be almost anything, but it is recommended that it have a connection to the citation or note. A common practice is to use the author-year or publisher-year for the reference name. This helps editors remember the name, by associating it with the information that is visible to the reader. Note that the footnote labels are incremented in the order they are used, and that they use the same label when reused, thus the labels can seem out of order: {{markup |<nowiki>This is starter content.<ref name="manchester2002">{{cite book|title=LibreOffice for Starters|edition=First|publisher=Flexible Minds|location=Manchester|year=2002|p=18}}</ref> This is expert content.<ref name="lexington2004">{{cite book|title=OpenOffice for Experts|publisher=Lexington|year=2004|p=18}}</ref> And more starter content.<ref name="manchester2002" /> And more expert content.<ref name="lexington2004" /> {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This is starter content.<ref name="manchester2002">{{cite book|title=LibreOffice for Starters|edition=First|publisher=Flexible Minds|location=Manchester|year=2002|p=18}}</ref> This is expert content.<ref name="lexington2004">{{cite book|title=OpenOffice for Experts|publisher=Lexington|year=2004|p=18}}</ref> And more starter content.<ref name="manchester2002" /> And more expert content.<ref name="lexington2004" /> {{reflist}} }} When using both names and [[#Footnotes:_groups|groups]], the syntax is: :{{tag|ref|params=group="<var>groupname</var>" name="<var>name</var>"|content=Content}} Care should be taken when deleting references to avoid creating a cite error. See [[Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes#Deleting...|Avoiding common mistakes]]. ==Reference lists: columns== {{shortcut|H:REFCOLS}} {{hatnote|Columns are not supported by Internet Explorer 9 and below; see {{tl|reflist}} for technical details}} When using {{tl|reflist}}, the list can be split into columns. :{{tlx|reflist|<var>xx</var>em}} where <var>xx</var> is the column width in [[em (typography)|em]]. By setting the width in em, the number of columns will automatically be adjusted to the width of the display. It should be used only when necessary, as the template has built-in auto-formatting capabilities providing a useful display in most scenarios by itself. The [[Template:Reflist#Columns|set columns feature]] is now [[deprecated]] in favor of the option described above, which is better suited to flexible formatting for a variety of display screen sizes, ranging from mobile phones and tablets to wide-screen "cinema" displays. Forcing a fixed number of columns has been disabled in mobile view. The number of columns to use is up to the editor, but some major practices include: * {{tlx|Reflist}} - 1 column (default): Where there are only a few {{fnote}}; see {{oldid|Silver State Arena|530211388#References|Silver State Arena (23:05, 28 December 2012)}} * {{tlx|Reflist|30em}}: Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see {{oldid|Ebola virus disease|561190497#References|Ebola virus disease (06:28, 23 June 2013)}} * {{tlx|Reflist|20em}}: Where {{sfnote}} are used; see {{oldid|NBR 224 and 420 Classes|442508215#Notes|NBR 224 and 420 Classes (13:32, 1 August 2011)}}. For example: Using {{tlx|Reflist|30em}} will create columns with a minimum width of 30 em, {{markup|title=30em wide columns |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|30em}}</nowiki> |Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref> {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{Reflist|30em}} }} ==List-defined references== {{shortcut|WP:LDR}} {{main|Help:List-defined references}} Some or all of the footnotes can also be defined within the reference section/list, and invoked in the page content. This keeps those citations in one central location for easier maintenance and avoids cluttering the text. This is purely a source code change{{snd}}the actual display of the citation in the text to a reader is unaffected. For a more detailed evaluation of this method, see [[WP:LDRHOW]]. The syntax is: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{reflist|refs= <ref name="name1">Content</ref> <ref name="name2">Content</ref> <ref name="name...n">Content</ref> }} </syntaxhighlight> or, alternatively, <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <references> <ref name="name1">Content</ref> <ref name="name2">Content</ref> <ref name="name...n">Content</ref> </references> </syntaxhighlight> The footnote markers are included as usual for a named footnote. For example: {{markup |<nowiki>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.<ref name="LazyDog"/> Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes.<ref name="Jukeboxes"/> How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts.<ref name="JumpingFrogs"/> ==References== {{reflist| refs= <ref name="Jukeboxes">This is the jukeboxes reference.</ref> <ref name="LazyDog">This is the lazy dog reference.</ref> <ref name="JumpingFrogs">This is the jumping frogs reference.</ref> }}</nowiki> |The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.<ref name="LazyDog"/> Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes.<ref name="Jukeboxes"/> How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts.<ref name="JumpingFrogs"/> {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist| refs= <ref name="LazyDog">This is the lazy dog reference.</ref> <ref name="Jukeboxes">This is the jukeboxes reference.</ref> <ref name="JumpingFrogs">This is the jumping frogs reference.</ref> }}}} The references will be numbered, and appear in the output, ''in the order that they are first referred to in the content,'' regardless of their order within the list. All references in reference list must be referenced in the content, otherwise an error message will be shown. Note that when you use the visual editor, you will not be able to add, remove, or change list-defined references. {{anchor|Embedding references within footnotes}} ==Footnotes: embedding references== {{shortcut|WP:REFNEST}} {{See also|WP:Nesting footnotes}} [[Help:Explanatory notes|Explanatory notes]] may need to be referenced. Because of limitations in the {{cite.php}} software, reference tags cannot be nested; that is, a set of {{tag|ref}} tags cannot be placed inside another pair of {{tag|ref}} tags. Attempting to do so will result in a cite error. The templates {{tl|r}} and {{tl|refn}} can be used to nest references. The markup is: :{{tlx|refn|2=group=''group''|3=name=''name''|4=''content''}} or :{{tlx|r|2=group=''group''|3=name=''name''|4=refn=''content''}} or :{{tlx|r|2=g=''group''|3=n=''name''|4=r=''content''}} (shorter) ''name'' and ''group'' being optional parameters. The ''content'' may include {{tag|ref|o}} tags or another {{tl|r}} template. The other templates listed below in [[#Footnotes: predefined groups|Predefined groups]] are variants of {{tl|refn}} that include a styled group and have a matching styled reference list template. Examples: ===Using {{tl|refn}}=== {{markup |<nowiki>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{refn|group=nb|A footnote.<ref>A reference for the footnote.</ref>}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}} ==References== {{reflist}} </nowiki> |The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{refn|group=nb|A footnote.<ref>A reference for the footnote.</ref>}} {{fake heading|sub=3|Notes}} {{reflist|group=nb}} {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} }} ===Using {{tl|r}}=== {{markup |<nowiki>The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{r|g=nb|r=A footnote.{{r|r=A reference for the footnote.}}}} ==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}} ==References== {{reflist}} </nowiki> |The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.{{r|g=nb|r=A footnote.{{r|r=A reference for the footnote.}}}} {{fake heading|sub=3|Notes}} {{reflist|group=nb}} {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} }} The use of the magic word <code>#tag:ref</code> is valid, but the sequence of parameters is invariant and nonintuitive. {{tl|r}} as well as {{tl|refn}} and its variants use this markup internally. :<code>&#123;&#123;#tag:ref|<var>refcontent</var>|group=<var>groupname</var>|name=<var>name</var>}}</code> {{anchor|Grouping footnotes}} ==Footnotes: groups== {{shortcut|WP:REFGROUP|WP:CITELABEL}} Sometimes it is useful to group the footnotes into separate lists, for example to separate explanatory notes from references, or to list references for tables, image captions, infoboxes and navboxes. The sequence of footnote labels is independent in each group. The syntax to define a footnote with a group is: :{{tag|ref|params=group=<var>groupname</var>|content=Content}} The footnote marker group name ''must'' be enclosed in quotes if the group name includes a space, else a cite error will occur, otherwise quotes are optional. The syntax for the reference list with a group is: :{{tlx|reflist|2=group=<var>groupname</var>}} The reference list group name does not need to be enclosed in quotes. Example: {{markup |<nowiki>This part of the text requires clarification,<ref group=note>Listed separately from the citation</ref> whereas the entire text is cited.<ref>Citation.</ref> And this needs even more clarification.<ref group=note>Another note</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}}</nowiki> |This part of the text requires clarification,<ref group=note>Listed separately from the citation</ref> whereas the entire text is cited.<ref>Citation.</ref> And this needs even more clarification.<ref group=note>Another note</ref> {{fake heading|sub=3|Notes}} {{reflist|group=note}} {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} }} Note that the footnote labels in the reference list show only the numbers and not the group name. When using both names and groups, the syntax is: :{{tag|ref|params=group="<var>groupname</var>" name="<var>name</var>"|content=Content}} For the repeated note: :{{tag|ref|s|params=group="<var>groupname</var>" name="<var>name</var>"}} ==Footnotes: predefined groups== {{shortcut|H:PREGROUP|WP:EXPLNOTE}} {{for|technical details|Help:Cite link labels}} {{for|Shortened footnotes with explanatory footnotes|Help:Shortened footnotes#Explanatory notes}} {{See also|Wikipedia:Citing sources#Variation in citation methods|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout#Notes and references}} <section begin=pregroup /><!--this section is used as the documentation for the efn/notelist templates-->{{anchor|footnotes_predefined_groups}} There are several predefined groups that can have a reference list styled so that the label (a superscripted character within square brackets, e.g., {{dummy ref|1}}) of an [[Help:Explanatory notes|explanatory note]] or citation (aka footnote, reference) matches and links to the note marker label located in the main text and the label in front of the note's text in the appropriate group's list. There can be [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Separating citations from explanatory footnotes|more than one of these groups' lists]] in the Notes, References and other similarly purposed sections. These predefined note and citation groups have templates that make the [[wikitext]] markup simpler. These templates also allow a standard reference to be inserted, so that an explanatory note can have a reference, or citations can be nested. '''Note:''' If the note's text has a reference name that is used more than once, the labels will still match, but the clickable alpha characters that toggle the note's display will be ''next to'' the note's label, with links to the multiple locations of its marker in the main text. See [[Help:Footnotes#Footnotes: using a source more than once|WP:REFNAME]] and the first point below in [[#Issues|§&nbsp;Issues]]. ===Template use by reference group type=== <section begin=pregrouptable /> {| class="wikitable" |- style="vertical-align:top;" ! Group type !! Footnote marker template<br/>or markup !! Reference list<br/> template !! Sample labels |- |rowspan=3|''none by default, but optionally any'' || {{tag|ref}} |rowspan=3| {{tlx|reflist}} |rowspan=3| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |- | {{tlx|r}} (for nested references) |- | {{tlx|refn}} (for nested references) |- | lower-alpha || {{tlx|efn}}<br />{{tlx|efn-la}} || {{tlx|notelist}}<br />{{tlx|notelist-la}} || a b c d e f g h i j |- | upper-alpha || {{tlx|efn-ua}} || {{tlx|notelist-ua}} || A B C D E F G H I J |- | lower-roman || {{tlx|efn-lr}} || {{tlx|notelist-lr}} || i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x |- | upper-roman || {{tlx|efn-ur}} || {{tlx|notelist-ur}} || I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X |- | lower-greek || {{tlx|efn-lg}} || {{tlx|notelist-lg}} || α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ |- |note || {{tlx|NoteTag}} || {{tlx|NoteFoot}} || note 1 note 2 note 3 |}<section end=pregrouptable /> * {{tlx|efn}} supports {{para|name}} and {{para|group}}, which work the same as the parameters in {{tag|ref|o}} (see, for instance, the 3rd and 4th examples below). Do not enclose values in quotes. * {{tlx|notelist}} supports the {{para|colwidth}}, {{para|refs}}, and {{para|group}} parameters, which work the same as the parameters in {{tlx|reflist}}. Do not enclose values in quotes. In these examples, the footnote labels match between the footnote marker and the reference list: {{markup|title=With lower-alpha labels |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|Footnote 3}} {{notelist}} </nowiki> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|Footnote 3}} {{notelist}} }} {{markup|title=With lower-roman labels |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn-lr|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn-lr|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn-lr|Footnote 3}} {{notelist-lr}} </nowiki> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn-lr|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn-lr|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn-lr|Footnote 3}} {{notelist-lr}} }} {{markup|title=With named references |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist}} </nowiki> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist}} }} {{markup|title=Named references can also be defined in the notelist |<nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|name=fn2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name=fn1|Very long footnote 1}} {{efn|name=fn2|Very long footnote 2}} }} </nowiki> |Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|name=fn2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name=fn1|Very long footnote 1}} {{efn|name=fn2|Very long footnote 2}} }} }} ===Issues=== * Multiple backlink labels (see [[WP:REFNAME]]) are always styled as lower-alpha. This can be confusing when {{tlx|efn}} is used. See the note in the introduction of [[#footnotes_predefined_groups|this section]], above. * The entries in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if: ** The value for {{para|group}} in {{tlx|reflist}} or {{tag|references|s}} does not exactly match one of the predefined values; use {{tlx|efn}} or variant as {{para|group}} will not be needed. ** The value for {{para|group}} in {{tlx|reflist}} or {{tag|references|s}} is enclosed by quotes; use {{tlx|efn}} or variant as {{para|group}} will not be needed. ** {{tlx|reflist}} is indented with the {{code|:}} markup. ** {{tag|references|s}} is used instead of {{tlx|reflist}} * The entries in the reference list will have no styling if: ** A reference is included in {{tlx|navbox}} or one of the variants and the style is set to <code>bodyclass=hlist</code>; to resolve this, replace the style with <code>listclass=hlist</code>.<section end=pregroup /> * If the note text contains an "=" sign, precede the note text with {{para|1}}, like this: <code><nowiki>{{efn|name=fn1|1=Very long footnote with an equation, 2+2=4}}</nowiki></code> ==Reference lists: automatically generated== {{main|Help:Automatically generated reference list}} A page with {{tag|ref|o}} tags but no reference list markup used to display an error, except on talk and user pages. In recent versions of Wikipedia, the error no longer appears; instead an automatically generated reference list (AGRL) is displayed at the bottom of the page. Compared to the reference lists on properly formatted pages, an AGRL can be confusing to both readers and editors. But it is easily corrected by adding reference list markup such as the following. Add it at the position where the reference list would normally appear. <pre style="width: 10em;"> ==References== {{reflist}} </pre> On talk pages, the {{tl|reflist-talk}} template can be used to add a reference list to a specific discussion. {{anchor|Citing one book repeatedly with different page numbers}} ==Footnotes: page numbers== {{main|Help:References and page numbers}} Suppose you would like to cite one book, but different facts appear on different pages. You would like to cite the book again and again, but point each fact to the proper page. Suppose one fact is on page 8, a different fact on page 12, a third fact on page 18, a fourth fact on page 241. You could put a line in the "pages" parameter saying "see pages 8, 12, 18, 241" but a fact-checker might have to check all of them before figuring out the right one. Or, you could duplicate the entire citation for the book in each instance, but that would be redundant. One common approach is to use [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened citations]]. The long citation to support the shortened citations can either be placed as a bullet point in a separate ''References section'' after the ''Footnotes section''; or it can be placed in the first footnote to cite the source (with the initial relevant page number[s]). The remaining footnotes will use shortened citations (these usually contain the author's last name, the date of publication, and the relevant page number[s]). A less common approach is to attach a {{tlx|rp|8}} right after the footnote marker and replace the "8" with the appropriate page number. For example: {{markup |<nowiki>Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book |last=Schudson |first=Michael |title=The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life |publisher=Simon & Schuster |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-684-82729-8}}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}</nowiki> |Schudson said the Constitution shaped citizenship in fundamental ways.<ref name="Schudson">{{Cite book |last=Schudson |first=Michael |title=The Good Citizen: A Brief History of American Civic Life |publisher=Simon & Schuster |date=1998 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aawMAQAAMAAJ |isbn=0-684-82729-8}}</ref>{{rp|8}} But elections in early American politics did not generate much interest<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|12}} while "open discussion of differences" was generally avoided.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|18}} Citizenship later shifted to a polity of essentially "self-absorbed citizens", according to his analysis.<ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}} {{fake heading|sub=3|References}} {{reflist}} }} {{tlx|r}} compactly combines the functions of <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> and {{t|rp}}: <code><nowiki>{{r|Schudson}}</nowiki></code> is equivalent to <code><nowiki><ref name="Schudson"/></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{r|Schudson|p=241}}</nowiki></code> is equivalent to <code><nowiki><ref name="Schudson"/>{{rp|241}}</nowiki></code>. ==Previewing edits== When you [[Help:Section#Section editing|edit a single section]] of a page, the footnotes list will be visible when you [[Help:Show preview|preview your edits]] under the heading "Preview of references", although you will still not be able to see named references whose definition is outside the section you are editing. Tools that can be used are the [[user:js/ajaxPreview]] or [[User:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js]] scripts or the [[User:Cacycle/wikEd|wikEd]] gadget. ==RefToolbar== {{main|Wikipedia:RefToolbar/2.0}} [[File:Cite web named ref 01.png|thumb|400px|Using the citation toolbar to name the first reference.]] [[File:Citation toolbar named ref.png|thumb|400px|Using the citation toolbar to insert additional references to the first source.]] You can use the citation toolbar to name references. When you first create a reference, you can enter a value in the "Ref name" box. When you want to reuse this reference, click the "Named references" button on the citation toolbar and choose which reference you would like to insert. {{clear}} ==Issues and limitations== * {{cite.php|bug}} * [[Help:Substitution|subst:]] does not work within {{tag|ref|o}} tags. {{phab|T4700}} * The [[Help:Pipe trick|pipe trick]] does not work within {{tag|ref|o}} tags. {{phab|T4700}} == Flagging inadequate referencing == {{See also | Template: Unreferenced/doc#Usage}} * The template {{Tlx|Refimprove}} should be added to articles where there are '''some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material''' currently in the article. For [[WP:BLP|biographies of living persons]], use {{tlx|BLP sources}} instead. * The template {{Tlx|Unreferenced}} should be added to articles with '''no references at all'''. For biographies of living persons, use {{tlx|BLP unsourced}} instead. * The template {{Tlx|Unreferenced section}} is for '''individual sections that have no citations''' in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else. For biographies of living persons, use {{tlx|BLP unsourced section}} instead. * The template {{Tlx|Medref}} is specifically for articles '''needing additional ''medical'' references'''. ==See also== * [[Template:Harvard citation#Using CITEREF directly]] and {{tl|sfnref}} * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations]]—a how-to article with some additional considerations for citing sources * [[Wikipedia:Help desk]]—to ask questions about using footnotes in articles if you were not able to find the information you need on this help page. *[[Template:Editor tools]]—{{tl|Editor tools}} {{Wikipedia referencing}} {{Help navigation}} [[Category:Wikipedia editor help]] [[Category:Wikipedia citation administration]] cx3nu79h1jchnbmrwasbkhi0578t500 10 11429 84510 2022-05-20T00:21:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:NoteTag wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{name|}}} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{note|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group=note|name={{{name|}}}}} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{note|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group=note}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4m1k8hiwpzmjv3igohm19ro2xlsbh0w 10 11430 84511 2022-05-20T00:21:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:NoteTag/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} == TemplateData == {{Format TemplateData||<templatedata> { "description": "", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "aliases": [ "note", "content", "text" ], "suggested": true, "type": "line" }, "name": { "label": "Name", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata>}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] [[Category:Templates that generate named references]] }}</includeonly> 6yf62pydqsyt30dhm2nh578prp4yl5x 10 11431 84512 2022-05-20T00:22:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notelist wikitext text/x-wiki {{reflist|{{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}}|refs={{{refs|{{{notes|}}}}}}|group={{#switch: {{{group|}}} | note | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group|}}} | #default = lower-alpha }}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using notelist with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Notelist]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | colwidth | group | notes | refs }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 12vhn47ii0a07dr5oipyvv216vycr7i 10 11432 84513 2022-05-20T00:22:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notelist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=See [[Template:Notelist/Transwiki guide|'''this information''']] on copying this template and modifying it for use on another wiki.}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} ==Tracking categories== *{{clc|Category:Pages using notelist with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Footnote templates]] [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] [[Category:Reference list templates]] }}</includeonly> 5edutftuolitycug8odxnjbwrxu8e3i 10 11433 84514 2022-05-20T00:23:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notelist-lr wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{notelist|colwidth={{{1|{{{colwidth|}}}}}}|refs={{{refs|{{{notes|}}}}}}|group=lower-roman}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 987prp5evnupgqtm6tns5bgic9i0loe 10 11434 84515 2022-05-20T00:23:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Notelist-lr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] }}</includeonly> a837sazjp8iu008z2iktpmh8tpnk7k6 10 11435 84516 2022-05-20T00:23:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Efn-lr wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{efn|name={{{name|}}}|group=lower-roman|reference={{{1|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gcfps67z32ak300qzkvqh13pok16s3h 10 11436 84517 2022-05-20T00:24:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Efn-lr/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] [[Category:Templates that generate named references]] }}</includeonly> glmo4g8fneon6c1e2e3xqt4utquohex 10 11437 84518 2022-05-20T00:24:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Efn wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{name|}}} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|name={{{name|}}}|group={{#switch: {{{group|}}} | note | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group|}}} | #default = lower-alpha }} }} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{reference|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group={{#switch: {{{group|}}} | note | upper-alpha | upper-roman | lower-alpha | lower-greek | lower-roman = {{{group|}}} | #default = lower-alpha }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> cy2hvj1zss95pdjzsgcbg4q4cq6tzl8 10 11438 84519 2022-05-20T00:24:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Efn/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=See [[Template:Reflist/Transwiki guide|'''this information''']] on copying this template and modifying it for use on another wiki.}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{High-use}} '''Explanatory footnotes''' or '''Efn''' are footnotes which provide something other than, or more than, a reference to a [[WP:Reliable sources|source]] that supports the accompanying text. The first unnamed parameter is displayed as the content of the footnote. Note that if the note's content contains an "=" character, a reference error will be displayed; precede the content with {{para|1}} (or one of its aliases, {{para|text}}, {{para|reference}}, or {{para|content}}) to fix the error. The following explanation is transcluded from [[Help:Footnotes#Footnotes: predefined groups]]. {{#section:Help:footnotes|pregroup}} ==Example articles== * [[Logic Theorist]] (a short article showing basic usage) * [[Chinese room]] (a long and complex article which uses all the features: named footnotes, list defined notes, etc.) * [[Empire of Brazil]] * [[John Diefenbaker]] (with name= and notes in <nowiki>{{notes}}</nowiki>) * [[USS Monitor]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Explanatory footnote templates]] [[Category:Templates that generate named references]] }}</includeonly> == Template data == Description: <templatedata> { "description": "Inserts an explanatory footnote. Notes can be named and grouped.", "params": { "1": { "aliases": [ "reference", "text", "content" ], "label": "Note", "description": "Text of the note", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "name": { "label": "Ref. name", "description": "Reference name of the note", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "group": { "label": "Reference group", "description": "Styled group to which the note belongs", "type": "string", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "upper-alpha", "lower-greek", "note", "lower-roman", "upper-roman" ] } } } </templatedata> aezgzfgjy7sltcx6ryuexub0402gcye 10 11439 84520 2022-05-20T00:25:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dummy ref wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Dummy reference]] {{R from move}} 5rm00yso83pyxdunxpzbi7gr1ixzwjs 10 11440 84521 2022-05-20T00:25:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dummy reference wikitext text/x-wiki <sup class="reference nowrap ltr" style="color:#002bb8;">[{{#ifeq:{{yes/no|{{{txtital|}}}}}|yes|<span style="font-style:italic">}}{{#if:{{{txtcol|}}}|<span style="color:{{{txtcol|}}}">}}{{{1|1}}}{{#if:{{{txtcol|}}}|</span>}}{{#ifeq:{{yes/no|{{{txtital|}}}}}|yes|</span>}}]</sup><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> eh0xba2q8xz3uyfnr810wsls458r4yx 10 11441 84522 2022-05-20T00:25:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dummy reference/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{Template redirect|Fake citation|Dummy cite}} == Usage == This template replicates the in-text citation rendered when using {{cite.php}} {{fnote}}. The default {{tl|dummy reference}} creates an in-text citation labeled {{code|1}}: :{{dummy reference}} For other labels simply add the values; for example {{tlx|dummy reference|2}} renders as: :{{dummy reference|2}} == See also == {{fake template list}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> lrnnrtl5dqk3a4t50bq2k2na4occ9rp 10 11442 84523 2022-05-20T00:26:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fnote wikitext text/x-wiki [[Help:Footnotes|Footnotes]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] </noinclude> 5znz8auufw9rrrcrkdq0py6xxv1n5e8 10 11443 84524 2022-05-20T00:26:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cite.php wikitext text/x-wiki [[mw:Extension:Cite|Cite]]{{#ifeq: {{{1|}}}|bug|&#32;[[phab:tag/cite/|bug list]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ckqo5ccjqnhci96fu6dgofiptxvjm2m 10 11444 84525 2022-05-20T00:26:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cite.php/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This template creates a link to [[mw:Extension:Cite]] {{tlx|cite.php|bug}} creates {{cite.php|bug}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:MediaWiki source code templates]] }}</includeonly> onu1ojuyxmockhrx7ctt4xpjdx1d5kq 10 11445 84526 2022-05-20T00:27:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yes/no wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Yesno]] f20lpuh5wj2a9xpc80yfnrzqpjm83g9 10 11446 84527 2022-05-20T00:29:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:T links wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{yesno|{{{sandboxlinks|no}}}|yes=yes|no=}}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|match|s={{{1|_}}} |pattern=%/sandbox%d*$ |plain=false |nomatch=no}}|no||yes2}}<!-- /sandbox -->|{{T links/sandbox links|1={{#invoke:String|replace|source={{{1|_}}} |pattern=%/sandbox%d*$ |plain=false |replace=}} |sandboxname={{{sandboxname|sandbox}}} |module={{{module|}}} }}<!-- ----- -->|<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><!-- --><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:Template:{{{1|Example}}}|{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>&#x20;<!-- --><span style="font-size:85%; {{{liststyle|}}}">(<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]<!-- --> [[Template talk:{{{1|Example}}}|talk]]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|action=history}} history]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|limit=999}} links]<!-- -->&nbsp;[//tools.wmflabs.org/templatecount/index.php?lang=en&namespace=10&name={{urlencode:{{{1|}}}}} #]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Special:PrefixIndex/Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/}} /subpages]<!-- --> [[Template:{{{1|Example}}}/doc|/doc]]<!-- -->&nbsp;[{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/doc|action=edit}} /doc&nbsp;edit]<!-- --> [[Template:{{{1|Example}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|/sbox]]<!-- -->&nbsp;[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|page1={{urlencode:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}}}&page2={{urlencode:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}}}}} /sbox&nbsp;diff]<!-- --> [[Template:{{{1|Example}}}/testcases|/test]]<!-- -->)</span></span><!-- -->}}<!--end /sandbox test ----- module ----- --><span style="font-size:85%; {{{liststyle|}}}">{{#if:{{{module|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{module|}}}|no||<!--by param-->{{middot}}[[Module:{{{module|}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Module:{{{1|}}}|{{middot}}[[Module:{{{1|}}}]]}}}}|<!-- blank so no link -->}}</span><!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qxflxmz4dzspr24tbqsxdf0xri4ok2u 10 11447 84528 2022-05-20T00:29:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:T links/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> This template provides a list of links to a template. There are no restricted links (such as adding protection to the template). A link to a related module can be added. == Usage == * {{code|1=<nowiki>{{t links|infobox building}}</nowiki>}} &rarr;<br>{{t links|infobox building}} * {{code|1=<nowiki>{{t links|infobox building|sandboxlinks=yes}}</nowiki>}} &rarr;<br>{{t links|infobox building|sandboxlinks=yes}} ::<small>(same effect:)</small> * {{code|1=<nowiki>{{t links|infobox building/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} &rarr;<br>{{t links|infobox building/sandbox}} == Options == ;Adding link to a module: When an eponymous module exists, it is added: * {{tlc|T links|Track gauge}} &rarr; ::{{T links|Track gauge|module=Track gauge}}<!-- /docpage construct --> * Any other module (or none) can be linked: * {{tlc|T links|Track gauge|module=String}} &rarr; ::{{T links|Track gauge|module=string}} * {{code|1=<nowiki>{{T links|Track gauge|module=}}</nowiki>}} &rarr; ::{{T links|Track gauge|module=}} (blank so not linked) ;Adding sandbox links: When working with the <code>../sandbox</code> of templates, the sandbox links can be made explicit: * {{code|1=<nowiki>{{T links|Track gauge|sandboxlinks=yes}}</nowiki>}} &rarr; ::{{T links|Track gauge|sandboxlinks=yes}} :This can also help to prevent changing the live version code by accident. == See also == * {{tl|T links/sandbox links}} used when adding, eg by {{para|sandboxlinks|yes}} *{{tl|m links}}, a similar template producing module-related links. {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Templates using Toolforge]] }}</includeonly> id0ws9e5fuv4hhh1go6u6h58dyz7ww8 10 11448 84529 2022-05-20T00:29:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:T links/sandbox links wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><!-- -->{{{1|Example}}}&#x20;<!-- --><span style="font-size:85%; {{{liststyle|}}}">(<span style="background:#dbffdb;"><!-- -->[[:Template:{{{1|Example}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|/sbox]]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|action=edit}} edit]<!-- --> {{Compare pages|1=Template:{{{1|Example}}} |2=Template:{{{1|Example}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|label=diff}}<!-- --> [[Template:{{{1|Example}}}/testcases|/test]]<!-- -xxx-> [[Template talk:{{{1|Example}}}|t]]<!-- -xxx-> [{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|action=history}} h]<!-- -xxx-> [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/{{{sandboxname|sandbox}}}|limit=999}} lk]<!-- --></span><!-- SOURCE: -->&nbsp;{{big|1={{!}}}} <span style="background:#ffdbdb;">[[:Template:{{{1|Example}}}|Source]] <!-- -->[{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|action=edit}} e]</span><!-- --> [[Template talk:{{{1|Example}}}|Talk]]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|action=history}} hist]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}|limit=999}} links]<!-- -->&nbsp;[//toolserver.org/~jarry/templatecount/index.php?lang=en&namespace=10&name={{urlencode:{{{1|}}}}} #]<!-- --> [{{fullurl:Special:PrefixIndex/Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example}}}}}/}} /subpages]<!-- --> [[Template:{{{1|Example}}}/doc|/doc]]<!-- -->)</span><!-- ----- module - not here ----- --></span> 9a8wnwtveko3uuczwt4xsbk1nt3wtow 10 11449 84530 2022-05-20T00:30:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tetl wikitext text/x-wiki {{<!-- -->[[Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} | &#124;<i>etc.</i> }}<!-- -->}}<br/><!-- --><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><!-- --><small>[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links]</small>&#160;<!-- --><small>[[:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|talk]]</small>&#160;<!-- --><small>[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]</small><!-- --></span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> </noinclude> fflttbuq4rvmvrke3ajc8i8q1lqespr 10 11450 84531 2022-05-20T00:30:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tetl/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Usage == * Like {{lts|tlx}} and {{tlx|tlsp}} for up to three parameters, used in template lists adding links in the same style as {{tlx|lts/}} and {{tlx|tlrow}}. See above for an example what it does. * {{tlx|tetl}} now covers the previously separate '''tetlp'''{{\}}'''tnetlp'''{{\}}'''tnetl''' templates. == Comparison == {{tl-nav}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> 2kj1q8pdhdj3mr0aropt9s1v814d3oq 10 11451 84532 2022-05-20T00:31:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tl-nav wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template-linking templates]] {{R from move}} s8gd16ldc8qfc1ijc7reu1d234zbhh7 10 11452 84533 2022-05-20T00:31:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:\ wikitext text/x-wiki &nbsp;/&#32;<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> gfvlsjgnfxn02vdp58sww0lo44n62ht 10 11453 84534 2022-05-20T00:32:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:\/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ <!----PLEASE CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> This is the "slash" template, which produces "{{thin space}}<code>&nbsp;/</code>{{thin space}}", i.e. a [[non-breaking space]] followed by a [[Slash (punctuation)|(forward-)slash character]]. It is most often used to indicate alternatives within a (horizontal) list of items, such as: : ''{{hlist|class=nowrap |item 1 |item 2 |item 3a{{\}}3b{{\}}3c |item 4 |item 5 |(etc)}}'' The template is named using the [[backslash]] character ("{{thin space}}\{{thin space}}") as [[Wikipedia:Page name#Technical restrictions and limitations<!--or [[Filename#Reserved characters and words-->|slashes cannot be used]] in page names. == Usage == To maintain good linewrapping, there should be no space between the template and whatever precedes it. There's also no need to include a space after the template, although doing so should not affect its function. : <code><nowiki>[[Salt]]{{\}}[[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki></code> &nbsp;...produces...&nbsp; [[Salt]]{{\}}[[Black pepper|Pepper]] If linewrapping (i.e. a [[Word wrap|line-break]]) is required, the template ensures it occurs ''after'' the slash, not before: :[[Salt]] / :[[Black pepper|Pepper]] For long slashed lists, each list item can be put on its own line with no spaces between each item and the template, like this: <pre><nowiki> [[Salt]]{{\}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]{{\}} [[Curry]]{{\}} [[Saffron]]</nowiki></pre> (It doesn't matter if there are no or some spaces at the end of the lines, after the templates.) As before, it will render one space on each side of the slashes, like this: :[[Salt]] / [[Black pepper|Pepper]] / [[Curry]] / [[Saffron]] Also, if it line breaks, then the line break will come ''after'' one of the slashes, not before, like this: :[[Salt]] / [[Black pepper|Pepper]] / :[[Curry]] / [[Saffron]] ===Incorrect usage=== If the template is used slightly wrong, it will, in some cases, still behave well. For instance, if there are zero or several spaces after the template, like these examples: <nowiki>[[Salt]]{{\}}[[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> <nowiki>[[Salt]]{{\}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> Both of them will render exactly as before, with just one space on each side of the slash, like this: :[[Salt]] / [[Black pepper|Pepper]] And it will still only line break ''after'' the slash, like this: :[[Salt]] / :[[Black pepper|Pepper]] However, putting one or more spaces before the template will cause problems, like these examples: <nowiki>[[Salt]] {{\}}[[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> <nowiki>[[Salt]] {{\}}[[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> <nowiki>[[Salt]] {{\}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> <nowiki>[[Salt]] {{\}} [[Black pepper|Pepper]]</nowiki> Then, it will render with ''two'' spaces before the slash and one after, like this: :[[Salt]] &nbsp;/ [[Black pepper|Pepper]] Also, if it line breaks, it might break ''before'' the slash, like this: :[[Salt]] :&nbsp;/ [[Black pepper|Pepper]] == Technical details == The space before the slash is a [[non-breaking space]]. That means it will not line break and will not collapse together with normal spaces that come before the template. The space after the slash is a normal space. That means it wraps (allows line breaks) and it will collapse together with normal spaces that come after the template to form one single space. Under some circumstances, slashed link lists misbehave. They might get unexpected line wraps or they might expand outside the box they are enclosed in. The how-to guide: [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]], explains when that happens and how to fix it. == See also == * Other templates using non-breaking spaces to format inline presentation: *: {{tl2|·}} or {{tl2|dot}}, the "bold [[Interpunct|middot]]" template (producing "&nbsp;'''&middot;'''") formerly used to create horizontal lists. *: {{tl2|•}} or {{tl2|bullet}}, used to produce the Unicode-style bullet character. *: {{tl2|spaced ndash}}, primarily used in the same way as this "slash" template to produce linewrap-friendly textual asides and/or emphasized phrases. * [[WP:HLIST]], which addresses h(orizontal) lists and the "hlist" [[HTML attribute|class]] in Wikipedia. * {{tl|flatlist}}, a template that can be used to create horizontal ("flat") lists. ====Wrap control templates==== * When making dotted lists, you might need to handle proper word wrapping (line breaking): *: {{tl|nowraplinks}} to prevent wraps inside links and only allows wraps between the links and in normal text, very useful for link lists and easy to use. *: {{tl|nowrap begin}}...{{tl|nowrap end}} to prevent wraps in both text and links. For the really tricky wrapping cases when you need full control, for instance in very complex link lists. * For further information, see [[Wikipedia:Line-break handling]], the how-to guide detailing how to handle line wrapping at Wikipedia. ====Dot and dash size reference list==== {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |col1style=width:4.0em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center; |col2style=width:10.0em;background:white;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center; |col3style=width:16.0em;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:1.0em; |row1style=background:whitesmoke;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap; | Output | HTML effect name | Code to use | {{small|&middot;}} | small middot | <code><nowiki>{{small|&amp;middot;}}</nowiki></code> | &middot; | middot | <code><nowiki>'''&amp;middot;'''</nowiki></code> | {{small|'''&middot;'''}} | small bold middot | <code><nowiki>{{small|'''&amp;middot;'''}}</nowiki></code> | '''&middot;''' | bold middot | {{pad|1.2em}}<code><nowiki>'''&amp;middot;'''</nowiki></code><br/><!-- -->''or''&nbsp; <code><nowiki><b>&amp;middot;</b></nowiki></code> | {{small|&bull;}} | small bullet | {{pad|1.2em}}<code><nowiki>{{small|&amp;bull;}}</nowiki></code><br/><!-- -->''or''&nbsp; <code><nowiki>{{small|{{bull}}}}</nowiki></code> | &bull; | bullet | {{pad|1.2em}}<code><nowiki>&amp;bull;</nowiki></code><br/><!-- -->''or''&nbsp; <code><nowiki>{{bull}}</nowiki></code> | '''&bull;''' | bold bullet | {{pad|1.2em}}<code><nowiki>'''&amp;bull;'''</nowiki></code><br/><!-- -->''or''&nbsp; <code><nowiki>'''{{bull}}'''</nowiki></code><br/><!-- -->''or''&nbsp; <code><nowiki><b>{{bull}}</b></nowiki></code> | &ndash; | ndash | <code><nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki></code> | &mdash; | mdash | <code><nowiki>&amp;mdash;</nowiki></code> }} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] }}</includeonly> 2a00pxvmg2afg31ka1rl643zmugrujq 10 11454 84535 2022-05-20T00:32:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tfd links wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Tfd links|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> kgr3ak29rsv0z66jg4fkuyl8s6fzg5s 10 11455 84536 2022-05-20T00:32:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tfd links/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|tfdlinks}} {{Lua|Module:Tfd links}} This template is used for marking templates for deletion at [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion]]. It displays useful links to the history, usage, talkpage etc., and a link for closing admins to delete the template. == Usage == {| class="wikitable" !Code!!Result |- | {{tlf|tfd links|Foo}} || {{tfd links|Foo}} |- | {{tlf|tfd links|Foo|{{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}|4=module=Module:}} || {{tfd links|Foo|{{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}|module=Module:}} |} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Templates for discussion templates]] [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> ooqnq26qo0sfjziw1fk0yv7ea5kdzzc 828 11456 84537 2022-05-20T00:33:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Tfd links Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Tfd links]] local p = {} local function urlencode(text) -- Return equivalent of {{urlencode:text}}. local function byte(char) return string.format('%%%02X', string.byte(char)) end return text:gsub('[^ %w%-._]', byte):gsub(' ', '+') end local function fullurllink(t, a, s) return '[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=' .. urlencode(t) .. '&' .. a .. ' ' .. s .. ']' end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local ns = (((args['catfd'] and args['catfd'] ~= '') and 'Category') or (args['module'] and args['module'] ~= '') and 'Module') or 'Template' local tname = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(args['1']) local fname = ns .. ':' .. tname local fullpagename = frame:preprocess('{{FULLPAGENAME}}') local sep = '&nbsp;<b>·</b> ' local res = '<span id="' .. ns .. ':' .. tname .. '" class="plainlinks nourlexpansion 1x">' .. '[[:' .. ns .. ':' .. tname .. ']]&nbsp;(' .. '[[' .. ns .. ' talk:' .. tname .. '|talk]]' .. sep .. fullurllink(fname, 'action=history', 'history') .. sep .. fullurllink('Special:Whatlinkshere/' .. fname, 'limit=5000&hidelinks=1&hideredirs=1', 'transclusions') .. sep .. fullurllink('Special:Log', 'page=' .. urlencode(fname), 'logs') .. sep .. '[[Special:PrefixIndex/' .. fname .. '/|subpages]]<span class="sysop-show">' .. sep .. fullurllink(fname, 'action=delete&wpReason=' .. urlencode('[[' .. fullpagename .. '#' .. fname .. ']]'), 'delete') .. '</span>)</span>' return res end return p kkerevpvj2fwp4fwbuu9fmbjppplq12 828 11457 84538 2022-05-20T00:33:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Tfd links/doc wikitext text/x-wiki Implements {{tl|Tfd links}} k4hd3dnv5dasqt0skm836uiwa3t45b4 10 11458 84539 2022-05-20T00:34:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ti wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Template:{{{1}}}]]'''&nbsp;([[Template talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]{{int:dot-separator}}[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1}}}|links]]{{int:dot-separator}}[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit])<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> dgn75l4v01qr6tv5qnl9qa5djw7v17h 10 11459 84540 2022-05-20T00:34:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ti/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> {{distinguish|Template:tl}} == Usage == {{tlx|ti}}, {{tlx|tiw}} and {{tlx|tic}} are similar. {{tlx|ti|Example}} produces: {{ti|Example}} {{tlx|tic|Example}} is [ti] but slightly more [c]ompact (and without bold): {{tic|Example}} {{tlx|tiw|Example}} produces: {{tiw|Example}} For a comparison, see [[Template talk:Lts]]. <!-- == See also == ---> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE:----> [[Category:Internal template-link templates|Ti]] }}</includeonly> swdgkq834ftgole9u38qp87imtikecc 10 11460 84541 2022-05-20T00:35:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tic wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">[[Template:{{{1}}}]]&nbsp;([[Template talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1}}}|limit=500}} links] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit])</span><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 856vsrm4121ekh2lpxkhggcyqe9j841 10 11461 84542 2022-05-20T00:35:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tic/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please----> {{tlx|Tic}} is a slightly more compact version of {{tlx|ti}}: : <code><nowiki>{{ti|Example}}</nowiki></code> {{bigger|→}} {{ti|Example}} : <code><nowiki>{{tic|Example}}</nowiki></code> {{bigger|→}} {{tic|Example}} For a comparison, see [[Template:Lts/doc]]. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!----Categories below this line, please:----> [[Category:Internal template-link templates|Tic]] }}</includeonly> g172e5wcqs67s6f0gj4bvwwq52etbdq 10 11462 84543 2022-05-20T00:36:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tiw wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">{{#if:{{{2|}}} | [[:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}:|}}Template:{{{2}}}]]&nbsp;{{smaller|([[:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}:|}}Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{2}}}|backlinks]] [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}:Template:{{{2}}}|action=edit}} edit])}} | [[Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]&nbsp;{{smaller|([[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|backlinks]] [{{fullurl:w:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit])}} }}</span><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> m53ga507v0w4q02kcqd3wxod0sr2tj3 10 11463 84544 2022-05-20T00:36:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tiw/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{big|'''''Compare''''' {{ltsmeta|{{PAGENAME}} }}.}} ===Usage=== {{Bad documentation}} {{Confusing|documentation|date=November 2013|reason='''What is the difference between this and [[Template:Tl]] and why would one use one rather than the other?'''}} ===See also=== {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[ja:Template:Tiw]] [[pt:Predefinição:Tiw]] }}</includeonly> 1n4ftxmyig9ag9o5c0xc3qf1v1wuwpv 10 11464 84545 2022-05-20T00:36:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bad documentation wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Improve documentation]] {{R from move}} in04goeylp8mrqjhobxvqk8dvt7o1te 10 11465 84546 2022-05-20T00:37:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Improve documentation wikitext text/x-wiki {{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B={{Ombox | type = content | name = Improve documentation | class = ambox-Refimprove | image = [[File:Edit-copy green with red question mark.svg|50x40px|link=|alt=]] | text = This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|Module=module|#default=template}}'s [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is '''missing, inadequate, or does not accurately describe its functionality and/or the [[Help:Template#Parameters|parameters]] in its code.''' Please help [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|/doc}}|action=edit}} to expand and improve it]. {{#if:{{{talk|{{{1|}}}}}} |See [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] for details.|}} {{#if:{{{date|{{{2|}}}}}} |{{smaller|''({{{date}}})''}}}} }}<includeonly>{{Dated maintenance category|||Templates with missing or incorrect documentation}}</includeonly>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> heirvo1t86uqbm2yxpr4swfngwh2dt3 10 11466 84547 2022-05-20T00:37:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Improve documentation/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{No subst}} <!-- Categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please. --> == Usage == For use on template/module documentation pages whose content is missing, insufficient, incomplete and/or inaccurate. Example: {{Tlx|Improve documentation|date{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} The template adds pages to [[:Category:Templates with missing or incorrect documentation]]. ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "talk": {}, "date": {} }, "description": "Tags templates with inadequate or nonexistent documentations.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> jt5s68d2xh5z9v4cx2xby5etwhmte0m 10 11467 84548 2022-05-20T00:37:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Confusing wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__|$B= {{Ambox | name = Confusing | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = style | class = ambox-confusing | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = '''may be [[Wikipedia:Vagueness|confusing or unclear]] to readers'''. {{#if:{{{reason|}}}|In particular, {{{reason}}}.}} | fix = Please help [[Wikipedia:Please clarify|clarify the {{{1|article}}}]]. There {{#if:{{{talk|{{{2|}}}}}}|is|might be}} a discussion about this on {{#if:{{{talk|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{format link|{{{talk|{{{2|}}}}}}}}|[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|the talk page]]}}. | removalnotice = yes | date = {{{date|}}} | cat = Wikipedia articles needing clarification | all = All Wikipedia articles needing clarification }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> b4bvjhoyzgbjc4pq5wlxp9pso5pf0zq 10 11468 84549 2022-05-20T00:38:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Confusing/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Redirect|Template:Unclear||Template:Clarify}} {{Twinkle standard installation}} == Usage == * This template categorises tagged articles into [[:Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification]]. * You can specify whether the template applies to an article (default) or section by adding <code>|article</code> or <code>|section</code> after the template's name. There is also the [[Template:Confusing section]] template for the sections. * It is recommended to use the <code>reason</code> parameter to explain what is confusing. For example: :{{Tlx|Confusing|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|3=reason=the Wangler is referred to in the plural but the diagram shows only one}} {{Confusing|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|reason=the Wangler is referred to in the plural but the diagram shows only one}} *When a talk page discussion is held, a direct link to that discussion can be added via the {{para|talk}} parameter. For example: :{{Tlx|Confusing|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|3=talk=Template talk:Confusing#Talk parameter please!}} {{Confusing|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|talk=Template talk:Confusing#Talk parameter please!}} *Do not capitalize the beginning of the reason, since it is preceded by "In particular, ". *Do not add a full stop/period at the end of the reason because the template automatically puts a full stop/period in. * Please do not [[Wikipedia:Substitution|subst:]] this template. {{Tlx|Confusing|small{{=}}left}} generates: {{Confusing|small=left}} {{Tlx|Confusing|small{{=}}left|reason{{=}}the tensing of the article is ambiguous}} generates: {{Confusing|small=left|reason=the tensing of the article is ambiguous}} ==Template data== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is used to mark an article or section as confusing and in need of clarification.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Article or section?", "type": "string", "description": "Set to 'section' to specify that you are referring to the section", "default": "article" }, "talk": { "label": "Discussion location", "description": "The location at which the discussion on the issue is being held. Should be full page name, followed by #, followed by section name. Please do not enclose between [[ and ]]. The link will be automatically formatted using the section sign (§).", "example": "Template talk:Confusing#Talk parameter please!", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true }, "reason": { "label": "What is confusing?", "type": "string", "description": "Explain what part of the text needs to be clarified." }, "date": { "label": "Date", "type": "date", "description": "The date this template was added, in the format [full month name] [full year].", "example": "January 2015", "autovalue": "{{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}", "required": true }, "small": { "type": "string", "description": "Set to 'left' if a small version should be shown instead of the default", "label": "Small?" } }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "talk", "reason", "date", "small" ], "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==See also== * [[Template:Clarify]], an in-line version of this template * [[Template:Confusing section]], a section version of this template * [[Template:Technical]] * [[Template:Context]] * [[Template:Vague]] * [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup]] for an overview of cleanup templates. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Cleanup templates]] [[Category:Coherency templates]] }}</includeonly> rawmb06fls93stj08ic73y1lqd4tvct 10 11469 84550 2022-05-20T00:38:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ambox wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Message box|ambox}}{{#ifeq:{{{small}}};{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|left;0|[[Category:Articles using small message boxes]]}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 1esfeyakvmpfhej10fmg3ujt1lsetw6 10 11470 84551 2022-05-20T00:38:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ambox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{High-use|all-pages=yes}} {{Lua|Module:Message box}} {{Mbox templates (small)}} {{tl|Ambox}} stands for '''A'''rticle '''m'''essage '''box''', which is a [[Help:Metatemplating|metatemplate]]. It is used to build message boxes for templates used in '''articles''', such as {{tl|underlinked}}. It offers several different colours, images and some other features. ==Basic usage== The box below shows the most common parameters that are accepted by {{Tl|Ambox}}. The purpose of each is described below. <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Ambox | name = | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = | image = | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = | talk = {{{talk|}}} | fix = | date = {{{date|}}} | cat = | all = }} </pre> ==Full usage== {{Hidden begin |title=Full parameters| titlestyle = background:palegreen;}} The "All parameters" box shows all possible parameters for this template. However, it is not recommended to copy this, because it will never be required to use all parameters simultaneously. {| class="wikitable" align="left" style="background:transparent; width=30%;" !All parameters |- |<pre style="font-size:100%"> {{Ambox | name = | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = | image = | imageright = | smallimage = | smallimageright = | class = | style = | textstyle = | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = | talk = {{{talk|}}} | fix = | date = {{{date|}}} | text = | smalltext = | plainlinks = no | removalnotice = | cat = | all = | cat2 = | all2 = | cat3 = | all3 = }} </pre> |} {{Hidden end}} {{clear}} ==Common parameters== === ''name'' === The ''name'' parameter specifies the name of the template, without the Template namespace prefix. For example {{Tl|Underlinked}} specifies {{Para|name|Underlinked}}. This parameter should be updated if the template is ever moved. The purpose of this parameter is twofold: * If incorrectly [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]], it allows the meta-template to notify the name of the template which has been substituted, which may help editors to fix the problem. * It allows the template to have a more useful display on its template page, for example to show the date even when not specified, and to apply categorisation of the template itself. === ''subst'' === The ''subst'' parameter allows the meta-template to detect whether the template has been incorrectly substituted, and give an appropriate warning. It will also add such pages to [[:Category:Pages with incorrectly substituted templates]]. Just copy the code exactly as it appears in the box. === ''small'' === The ''small'' parameter should be passed through the template, as this will allow editors to use the small format by specifying {{para|small|left}} on an article: {{Ambox|nocat=true|small=left|text=This is the small left-aligned Ambox format.}} Otherwise the standard format will be produced: {{Ambox|nocat=true|text=This is the standard Ambox format.}} Other variations: * For templates which should ''never'' be small, specify {{Para|small|no}} or do not pass the small parameter at all. * For templates which should ''always'' be small, just specify {{Para|small|left}}. * For templates which should ''default to small'', try {{para|small|<nowiki>{{{small|left}}}</nowiki>}}. This will allow an editor to override by using {{para|small|no}} on an article. To use a small box that adjusts its width to match the text, use {{para|style|width: auto; margin-right: 0px;}} and {{para|textstyle|width: auto;}} together: {{Ambox|nocat=true|small=left|style=width: auto; margin-right: 0px;|textstyle=width: auto; margin-right: 0px;|text=This is the small left-aligned Ambox format with flexible width.}} See {{section link||sect}} below for more information on how to limit {{para|small}} display to cases when the template is being used for a section instead of the whole article (recommended, to prevent inconsistent top-of-article display). === ''type'' === The ''type'' parameter defines the colour of the left bar, and the image that is used by default. The type is chosen not on aesthetics but is based on the type of issue that the template describes. The seven available types and their default images are shown below. {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = speedy | text = type=<u>speedy</u> – Speedy deletion issues, such as {{tl|db-g1}} and {{tl|db-g3}}. }} {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = delete | text = type=<u>delete</u> – Deletion issues, such as {{tl|article for deletion}} and {{tl|proposed deletion}}. }} {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = content | text = type=<u>content</u> – Content issues, such as {{tl|POV}} and {{tl|globalize}}. }} {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = style | text = type=<u>style</u> – Style issues, such as {{tl|cleanup}} and {{tl|underlinked}}. }} {{ambox |nocat=true | type = notice | text = type=<u>notice</u> – Article notices, such as {{tl|current}} and {{tl|in use}}. }} {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = move | text = type=<u>move</u> – Merge, split and transwiki proposals, such as {{tl|split}}. }} {{Ambox |nocat=true | type = protection | text = type=<u>protection</u> – Protection notices, such as {{tl|pp-vandalism}} and {{tl|pp-protected}}. }} If no ''type'' parameter is given the template defaults to {{para|type|notice}}. === ''image'' === You can choose a specific image to use for the template by using the ''image'' parameter. Images are specified using the standard syntax for inserting files in Wikipedia (see [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images#How to place an image]].) Widths of 40-50px are typical. For example: * {{Tl|POV}} specifies {{Para|image|<nowiki>[[File:Unbalanced scales.svg|40px|link=|alt=]]</nowiki>}} and looks like this: {{POV|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} * {{tl|underlinked}} specifies {{para|image|<nowiki>[[File:Ambox wikify.svg|50x40px|link=|alt=]]</nowiki>}} and looks like this: {{underlinked|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} Please note: * If no image is specified then the default image corresponding to the ''type'' is used. (See [[#type]] above.) * If {{para|image|none}} is specified, then no image is used and the text uses the whole message box area. * If an icon is [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images#Purely decorative images|purely decorative]] and also in the [[Wikipedia:Image use policy#Public_domain|public domain]], [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility]] can be improved by suppressing the link to the file page by adding "{{para|link}}{{para|alt}}" as seen above. === ''sect'' === Many article message templates begin with the text '''This article ...''' and it is often desirable that this wording change to '''This section ...''' if the template is used on a section instead. The value of this parameter will replace the word "article". Various possibilities for use include: {{para|sect|list}}, {{para|sect|table}}, {{para|sect|"In popular culture" material}}, etc. {{em|If using this feature, be sure to remove the first two words ("This article") from the template's text, otherwise it will be duplicated.}} A common way to facilitate this functionality is to pass {{para|sect|<nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki>}}. This will allow editors to type <kbd>section</kbd>, for example, as the first unnamed parameter of the template to change the wording. For example, {{tlx|Advert|section}} produces: {{Advert|section|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} Another approach is to pass {{para|sect|<nowiki>{{{section|{{{sect|}}}}}}</nowiki>}} to provide a named value. Another is to use {{tlx|Yesno}} to parse the value for a positive, and pass {{para|sect|section}} if true. {{em|These approaches can be combined}}, and this is recommended. The following ready-to-use code: {{block indent|1=<code><nowiki>| sect = {{#ifeq:{{yesno|def=|1={{{sect|{{{section}}}}}} }}|yes|section|{{{sect|{{{section|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} }}</nowiki></code>}} enables the following: * Any positive value that {{tlx|Yesno}} can detect will be used with the named parameter in the ambox-based template to get "section" instead of "article": {{para|section|y}}, {{para|sect|True}}, etc. It is recommended to allow both {{para|sect}} and {{para|section}} so that editors do not have to guess which one will work. The sample code above does this for you. * Any other value passed, in any manner, will replace "article": {{para||section and its subsections}}, {{para|1|list}}, {{para|sect|section}}, {{para|section|table}}, etc. It is also advisable to restrict use of the {{para|small}} parameter so that it is made contingent upon the template being applied to a section (or whatever) rather than the whole article, to prevent the small version of the template being used at the top of the article where it would be inconsistent with other article-wide cleanup/dispute banners: {{block indent|1=<code><nowiki>| small = {{#if:{{{sect|{{{section|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{small|{{{left|}}}}}}|left}} }}</nowiki></code>}} (In this case, any value of {{para|small}} or {{para|left}} will trigger the small, left display, as long as some value of {{para|sect}} or one of its aliases in that template has also been provided.) This code can be copy-pasted and used with the above code block. See, e.g., [[Template:Trivia]] and its [[Template:Trivia/testcases]] to observe the combined functionality. === ''issue'' and ''fix'' === The ''issue'' parameter is used to describe the issue with the article. Try to keep it short and to-the-point (approximately 10-20 words) and be sure to include a link to a relevant [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|policy or guideline]]. The ''fix'' parameter contains some text which describes what should be done to improve the article. It may be longer than the text in ''issue'', but should not usually be more than two sentences. When the template is in its compact form (when placed inside {{tl|multiple issues}}) or small form (when using {{para|small|left}}), the ''issue'' is the only text that will be displayed. For example, {{Tl|Citation style}} defines * <code>|issue=<nowiki>This article '''has an unclear citation style'''.</nowiki></code> * <code>|fix=<nowiki>The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|citation]], [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnoting]], or [[Wikipedia:External links|external linking]].</nowiki></code> When used stand-alone it produces the whole text: {{Citation style|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} But when used inside {{Tl|Multiple issues}} or with {{Para|small|left}} it displays only the issue: {{Multiple issues <!-- Even though there's only one "issue", please don't remove this {{Multiple issues}} template. It is a demonstration of the formatting. --> |{{Citation style|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}}} {{Citation style|small=left|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} === ''talk'' === Some article message templates include a link to the talk page, and allow an editor to specify a section heading to link directly to the relevant section. To achieve this functionality, simply pass the ''talk'' parameter through, i.e. {{para|talk|<nowiki>{{{talk|}}}</nowiki>}} This parameter may then be used by an editor as follows: * {{para|talk|SECTION HEADING}} – the link will point to the specified section on the article's talk page, e.g. {{para|talk|Foo}} * {{para|talk|FULL PAGE NAME}} – the template will link to the page specified (which may include a [[Help:Link#Section linking (anchors)|section anchor]]), e.g. {{para|talk|Talk:Banana#Foo}} Notes: * When this parameter is used by a template, the talk page link will appear on the template itself (in order to demonstrate the functionality) but this will only display on articles if the parameter is actually defined. * In order to make sure there is always a link to the talk page, you can use {{para|talk|<nowiki>{{{talk|#}}}</nowiki>}}. * If the talk page does not exist, there will be no link, whatever the value of the parameter. === ''date'' === Passing the ''date'' parameter through to the meta-template means that the date that the article is tagged may be specified by an editor (or more commonly a [[Wikipedia:Bots|bot]]). This will be displayed after the message in a smaller font. Passing this parameter also enables [[:Category:Wikipedia maintenance categories sorted by month|monthly cleanup categorisation]] when the ''cat'' parameter is also defined. === ''info'' === This parameter is for specifying additional information. Whatever you add here will appear after the date, and will not be displayed if the template is being wrapped in {{tl|multiple issues}}. === ''removalnotice'' === If you specify {{para|removalnotice|yes}}, then the following notice will be displayed after the date and after the ''info'' text: * <small>[[Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this template message]].</small> This will not be displayed if the template is being wrapped in {{tl|multiple issues}}. === ''cat'' === This parameter defines a monthly cleanup category. If {{para|cat|CATEGORY}} then: * articles will be placed in '''Category:CATEGORY from DATE''' if {{para|date|DATE}} is specified. * articles will be placed in '''Category:CATEGORY''' if the date is not specified. For example, {{Tl|No footnotes}} specifies {{Para|cat|Articles lacking in-text citations}} and so an article with the template {{Tlx|No footnotes|2=date=June 2010}} will be placed in [[:Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from June 2010]]. The ''cat'' parameter should not be linked, nor should the prefix <code>Category:</code> be used. === ''all'' === The ''all'' parameter defines a category into which all articles should be placed. The ''all'' parameter should not be linked, nor should the prefix <code>Category:</code> be used. == Additional parameters == === ''imageright'' === An image on the right side of the message box may be specified using this parameter. The syntax is the same as for the ''image'' parameter, except that the default is no image. === ''smallimage'' and ''smallimageright'' === Images for the small format box may be specified using these parameters. They will have no effect unless {{para|small|left}} is specified. === ''class'' === Custom [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] classes to apply to the box. If adding multiple classes, they should be space-separated. === ''style'' and ''textstyle'' === Optional CSS values may be defined, without quotation marks <code>" "</code> but with the ending semicolons <code>;</code>. * ''style'' specifies the style used by the entire message box table. This can be used to do things such as modifying the width of the box. * ''textstyle'' relates to the text cell. === ''text'' and ''smalltext'' === Instead of specifying the ''issue'' and the ''fix'' it is possible to use the ''text'' parameter instead. Customised text for the small format can be defined using ''smalltext''. === ''plainlinks'' === Normally on Wikipedia, external links have an arrow icon next to them, like this: [http://www.example.com Example.com]. However, in message boxes, the arrow icon is suppressed by default, like this: <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.example.com Example.com]</span>. To get the normal style of external link with the arrow icon, use {{para|plainlinks|no}}. === ''cat2'', ''cat3'', ''all2'', and ''all3'' === * ''cat2'' and ''cat3'' provide for additional monthly categories; see [[#cat]]. * ''all2'' and ''all3'' provide for additional categories into which all articles are placed, just like [[#all]]. == Technical notes == * The CSS for this template is defined by the ambox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. * If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{Ambox |nocat=true | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe &#124; and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Ambox |nocat=true | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe &#124; and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} * The <code>&lt;div></code> tags that surround the text in the example above are usually not needed. But if the text contains line breaks then sometimes we get weird line spacing. This especially happens when using vertical dotted lists. Then use the div tags to fix that. * The default images for this meta-template are in png format instead of svg format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for svg images. The png images here have hand optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that svg icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons. * For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Ambox|talk page]] and the "See also" links below. Since this template works almost exactly like {{Tl|Tmbox}}, {{Tl|Imbox}}, {{Tl|Cmbox}} and {{Tl|Ombox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details. ==Display on mobile devices== The MediaWiki developers have been conducted ongoing readability studies on ambox on the [https://en.m.wikipedia.org mobile version of Wikipedia]. Until further notice, code installed by the developers on the mobile version will generally override what we do here regarding the display and layout of this template. For more information, see [[:MW:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues]]. == TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {}, "small": { "label": "Small Mode", "description": "The small parameter should be passed through the template, as this will allow editors to use the small format by specifying |small=left on an article.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "no", "left" ] }, "talk": {}, "date": {}, "name": { "label": "Template Name", "description": "The name parameter specifies the name of the template, without the Template namespace prefix. ", "type": "string" }, "type": {}, "image": {}, "sect": {}, "issue": {}, "fix": {}, "subst": {}, "info": {}, "removalnotice": {}, "cat": {}, "all": {}, "imageright": {}, "class": {}, "text ": {}, "plainlinks": {}, "smallimage ": {}, "smallimageright": {}, "textstyle": {}, "style ": {}, "smalltext": {}, "cat2": {}, "cat3": {}, "all2": {}, "all3": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "subst", "small", "type", "image", "sect", "issue", "fix", "talk", "date", "1", "info", "removalnotice", "cat", "all", "imageright", "class", "text ", "plainlinks", "smallimage ", "smallimageright", "textstyle", "style ", "smalltext", "cat2", "cat3", "all2", "all3" ] } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Mbox family == {{Mbox templates see also}} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Article message boxes]] – The historical style guideline for creating article message boxes. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Article message templates| ]] [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates]] }}</includeonly> 5u9q06oi2fxuuejt4pps7ve9dfajtml 10 11471 84552 2022-05-20T00:39:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Twinkle standard installation wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | image = [[File:Police man Twinkle Head.svg|50x40px|alt=Logo of Twinkle; Police Man|link=]] | text = If you plan to make [[Template:Twinkle standard installation#"breaking changes"|breaking changes]] to this template, move it, change scope or nominate it for deletion, please notify [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle's]] users and maintainers at [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]] as a courtesy, as this template is used in the standard installation of Twinkle. Thank you! {{#if:{{{1|}}}|<br> {{{1}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|[[Category:Templates used by Twinkle|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> dde6i68tm84gcvjxaui11561k7bt605 10 11472 84553 2022-05-20T00:39:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Twinkle standard installation/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template automatically categorizes pages into [[:Category:Templates used by Twinkle]]. This categorization can be suppressed with {{para|nocat|yes}} or similar. === Usage === Add {{Tlc|Twinkle standard installation}} near the top of template documentation pages. ==="breaking changes"=== In the context of this notice, "breaking changes" are any changes to a template that change how it is used, for example adding, removing, or renaming any required parameters, or changing the required format of the input to a required parameter. For notice templates, rewordings of the template's contents that change the tone or central message of the template are also considered a breaking change. == See also == * {{tl|Bot use warning}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia counter-vandalism tools]] [[Category:Courtesy templates]] <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> }}</includeonly> rnom2om7ojv5s2ef61htpxcev24og21 10 11473 84554 2022-05-20T00:40:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ltsmeta wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><!-- -->[[m:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}]]&#160;<!-- -->{{toolbar|separator=dot |1=[{{fullurl:m:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit] |2=[[m:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|talk]] |3=[{{fullurl:m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links] |4=[{{fullurl:m:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=history}} history] }}<!-- --></span>&#160;at [[m:Category:Template|Meta]]<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 5566m9ue1o4brmk53nfybcj5tn5fzh9 10 11474 84555 2022-05-20T00:40:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ltsmeta/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === This {{Tlx|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''template name''}} shows links for a template also available on [[m:Category:Template|Meta]]. It's used for templates often copied from Meta to other sister projects, or vice versa. In general is a means of checking interwiki on the key parameters that may be affected by a change in the template page where used (i.e. '{PAGENAME}' is default), or which is specified by the first argument, if given one. === See also === * {{tl|Las}}, 'Lts' formatted, but for anything, defaults to article space, but accepts category or template, etc. namespace prefixes too. * {{tl|Lts}}, for templates ''('''L'''ist '''T'''emplate '''S'''hort ["Lt"])'' * {{tl|Lcs}}, for categories * {{tl|Lps}}, for <code><nowiki>{{ns:Project}}</nowiki></code> (= <u>{{ns:Project}}</u>) * {{tl|Ltsmeta}}, for templates copied from [[m:|Meta]] * {{tl|Lts/}}, for template lists (see below) * {{tl|Lx}}, boilerplate for the Lx family * [[:Category:Internal link templates]], for a [[#Comparison|comparison]] of this zoo see below * {{Ltsmeta|Lps}} * {{Ltsmeta|Lts}} * {{Ltsmeta|Ltsmeta}} <includeonly> {{basepage subpage| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] }}</includeonly> k9s55xjzf950wq5m7kvahj6yjafzf2e 10 11475 84556 2022-05-20T00:41:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Toolbar wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Toolbar|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> qclufe7lvdzex2my9nsfp5rgfunfks0 10 11476 84557 2022-05-20T00:41:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Toolbar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|icononly=on|Module:Toolbar}} {{Used in system}} <!-----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE-----> This template is used to create a toolbar of links that are laid out in the same way as those produced by the core MediaWiki software. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{Toolbar |[[User:Example|user]] |[[User talk:Example|talk]] |[[Special:BlockIP/Example|block]]}}</nowiki></code>&nbsp;→ {{toolbar |[[User:Example|user]] |[[User talk:Example|talk]] |[[Special:BlockIP/Example|block]]}} <br/>There is a ''separator'' parameter that can be used to specify the [[Delimiter|separator character]] placed between each link:<br/> <code><nowiki>{{Toolbar|separator=comma |[[User:Example|user]] |[[User talk:Example|talk]] |[[Special:BlockIP/Example|block]]}}</nowiki></code>&nbsp;→ {{Toolbar|separator=comma |[[User:Example|user]] |[[User talk:Example|talk]] |[[Special:BlockIP/Example|block]]}} The separators available are: <!--Bugged?: * colon{{int:colon-separator}}colon--> : comma{{int:comma-separator}}comma : dot{{int:dot-separator}}dot <!--Bugged?: * semicolon{{int:semicolon-separator}}semicolon--> : tpt-languages{{int:tpt-languages-separator}}tpt-languages : pipe{{int:pipe-separator}}pipe ('''''default''''') The parameters ''class'' and ''style'' (specifying HTML/CSS class and styling) may also be set. == See also == * [[Module:Toolbar]], the [[Help:Lua|Lua module]] that generates this template. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--------CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:---------> [[Category:Username internal link templates| ]] [[Category:Link templates|Toolbar]] [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> bvhdzxw0lzuxijziozv46ifkh8hw4aj 828 11477 84558 2022-05-20T00:41:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Toolbar Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{toolbar}}. local mArguments -- Lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.main(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local toolbarItems = p.makeToolbarItems(args) if not toolbarItems then -- Return the blank string if no arguments were specified, rather than -- returning empty brackets. return '' elseif yesno(args.span) == false then return string.format( '(%s)', toolbarItems ) else return string.format( '<span class="plainlinks%s"%s>(%s)</span>', type(args.class) == 'string' and ' ' .. args.class or '', type(args.style) == 'string' and string.format(' style="%s"', args.style) or '', toolbarItems ) end end function p.makeToolbarItems(args) local nums = mTableTools.numKeys(args) local sep = (args.separator or 'pipe') .. '-separator' sep = mw.message.new(sep):plain() local ret = {} for i, v in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = mw.ustring.gsub(args[v], "%[%[::+(.-)%]%]", "[[:%1]]") end if #ret > 0 then return table.concat(ret, sep) else return nil end end return p dat0yzyzu635n4je30cyef668afrodq 828 11478 84559 2022-05-20T00:42:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Toolbar/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system}} {{module rating|protected}} This module implements {{tl|toolbar}}. Please see the template page for documentation. == See also == * {{tl|toolbar}}, {{tl|toolbar/sandbox}}, [[Template:Toolbar/testcases|/testcases]] soxeosew56xiai7c4mxuq3qw2jbtp66 10 11479 84560 2022-05-20T00:43:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tim wikitext text/x-wiki [[m:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]&nbsp;{{smaller|([[m:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|backlinks]] [{{fullurl:m:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit])}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 1dt53co25p7j5yi61n5x4n80eyyc5b5 10 11480 84561 2022-05-20T00:43:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tim/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----Categories where indicated at the bottom of the page, please; interwikis to Wikidata.----> == Usage == <nowiki>{{tim|ifdef}}</nowiki> {{tim|ifdef}} offers links to a template (only) available on Meta. == Caveats == At the moment it's not exactly the opposite of {{tim|tiw}} on Meta. == See also == * {{lts}} * {{Ltsmeta|tim}} * {{Ltsmeta|tiw}} * {{Lts|ltsmeta}} * {{Lts|tiw}} is at the moment different from [[m:Template:Tiw|Meta]]. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!----Categories below this line, please:----> [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] }}</includeonly> 2fob1k5ml20hln3woqk0vbgyrncvvdn 10 11481 84562 2022-05-20T00:44:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tla wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link with alternate text]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} a5y15g6h6c42e4kt2bvqk2c2vejgg6y 10 11482 84563 2022-05-20T00:44:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with alternate text wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tlg|subst={{{subst|}}}|nowrap={{{nowrap|}}}|{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|alttext{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|{{{2|x}}}||x}}={{{2}}}<!-- -->|3{{#ifeq:{{{3}}}|{{{3|x}}}||x}}={{{3}}}<!-- -->|4{{#ifeq:{{{4}}}|{{{4|x}}}||x}}={{{4}}}<!-- -->|5{{#ifeq:{{{5}}}|{{{5|x}}}||x}}={{{5}}}<!-- -->|6{{#ifeq:{{{6}}}|{{{6|x}}}||x}}={{{6}}}<!-- -->|7{{#ifeq:{{{7}}}|{{{7|x}}}||x}}={{{7}}}<!-- -->|8{{#ifeq:{{{8}}}|{{{8|x}}}||x}}={{{8}}}<!-- -->|9{{#ifeq:{{{9}}}|{{{9|x}}}||x}}={{{9}}}<!-- -->|10{{#ifeq:{{{10}}}|{{{10|x}}}||x}}={{{10}}}<!-- -->|11{{#ifeq:{{{11}}}|{{{11|x}}}||x}}={{{11}}}<!-- -->|12{{#ifeq:{{{12}}}|{{{12|x}}}||x}}={{{12}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ekbj8d6mb201bbowib5w307op3y4n8t 10 11483 84564 2022-05-20T00:44:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link with alternate text/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ==Usage== This template works exactly like {{tl|tl}} with the addition of optionally displaying alternative label text. * <code><nowiki>{{tla|quote|link to quote template}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{tla|quote|link to quote template}} When the second parameter is omitted, the original template name is displayed (i.e. {{tlf|tla}} reverts to {{tlf|tl}}): * <code><nowiki>{{tla|quote}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{tla|quote}} ==See also== {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> pjnp39d6gst1bqj9pzh0potvtl3uc8y 10 11484 84565 2022-05-20T00:45:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlsu wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link universal with subst]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} dm79c3saj05p2ugj6u50dasqcx61n2j 10 11485 84566 2022-05-20T00:45:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal with subst wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Substitution|subst]]:[[{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}| &#124;{{{2}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}| &#124;{{{3}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}| &#124;{{{4}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}| &#124;{{{5}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}| &#124;{{{6}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}| &#124;{{{7}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}| &#124;{{{8}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}| &#124;{{{9}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}| &#124;{{{10}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}| &#124;{{{11}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}| &#124;''...'' }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc page, not here, thanks --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fozyesl5xfyhvb0w1006rd6ga99bl1r 10 11486 84567 2022-05-20T00:45:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal with subst/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == {{tlx|tlsu|fullpagename}}<br> {{tlx|tlsu|fullpagename|param}}<br> {{tlx|tlsu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9&#124;10}}<br> {{tlx|tlsu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9&#124;10&amp;#124;more}}<br> {{tlx|tlsu|fullpagename|param&amp;#61;value}}<br> ''Up to 10 placeholders for parameters of the specified template'' This template is nearly identical to [[Template:Tls]], except that it is intended for all [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] transclusions and you can include parameters. ==Examples== For example, you can enter a subpage in your user space: :{{tlx|tlsu|User:Example/Talk message|param1<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>y|param2|etc.}} :which produces: :{{tlsu|User:Example/Talk message|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}} or in a WikiProject: :{{tlx|tlsu|Wikipedia:WikiProject Songs/Unreferenced BLPs|param1<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>y|param2|etc.}} :which produces: :{{tlsu|Wikipedia:WikiProject Songs/Unreferenced BLPs|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}} == See also == *{{tl|tls}} for full documentation {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> sgg19tje7uiaat7uet1od8xad73zowy 10 11487 84568 2022-05-20T00:46:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlt wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>&#123;{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}} ([[Template talk:{{{1}}}|talk]])</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> r63u1nc04971d1tv25gpr2zrrkfnet2 10 11488 84569 2022-05-20T00:46:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlt/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === The '''''template link talk''''' <code>(tlt)</code> template is used to display a template name as a link to the template, followed by a link to its talk page. :<code><nowiki>{{tlt|</nowiki>''template name to display''}}</code> displays as : {{tlt|template name to display}} === Examples === {| class="wikitable" !Code !Result |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlt|cite web}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlt|cite web}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlt|cite book}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlt|cite book}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlt|coord}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlt|coord}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlt|tlt}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlt|tlt}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{tlt|tl}}</nowiki></code> | {{tlt|tl}} |} ===See also=== * {{tl|lts}} – See Lts discussion for more variants * {{tl|tlc}} – Not linked, allows up to 8 parameters, displays text in <code><nowiki><code></code></nowiki></code> style * {{tl|tld}} – Not linked, allows up to 8 parameters, displays text in <code>teletype</code> text style * {{tl|tlf}} – Not linked, allows up to 8 parameters, displays text in normal text style * {{tl|tl}} – Template link, no parameters, displays text in normal text style * {{tl|tl2}} – Template link, allows up to 3 parameters and interwiki links, displays <code>code style</code> * {{tl|tlp}} – Template link, allows up to 8 parameters, displays text in normal text style * {{tl|tlx}} – Template link, allows up to 8 parameters and interwiki links, displays text in <code>teletype</code> text style * {{tl|tn}} – Same as {{tlf|tl}}, but shows the braces as part of the link * {{tl|tlu}} – Like {{Tlx|Tl}} / {{Tlx|Tlp}} for any namespace * {{tl|tlsp}} – Template link, ditto subst'ed * {{tl|tlb}} – Same as {{Tl|Tl}}, but gives the template name in boldface type (this can be useful when stressing the difference between two similarly named templates) * {{tl|tlxb}} – Same as {{Tl|Tlx}}, but gives the template name in boldface type (this can be useful when stressing the difference between two similarly named templates) * {{tl|tltt}} and {{Tl|Tltt2}} – Template link with tooltip, with no and one parameter respectively * {{tl|tlrow}} – For showing templates and their properties in a table * {{tl|xpd}} – Shows live (expanded) example * {{lts|ttl}} * {{lts|ti}} * {{lts|tic}} * {{lts|cl}} * {{lts|tlt}} * {{lts|tetl}} * {{cl|Internal template-link templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> bvb4m0yxtdxxyt552ncbgkeaumfx512 10 11489 84570 2022-05-20T00:47:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tltss wikitext text/x-wiki <span title="{{{2}}}" style="font-family:monospace;"><!-- -->&#123;&#123;<span title="Please use template substitution with this template.">[[Wikipedia:Substitution|subst]]:</span><!-- -->[[Template:{{{1}}}|<span title="{{{2}}}">{{{1}}}</span>]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{par|}}} |{{!}}{{{par}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{par2|}}} |{{!}}{{{par2}}}}}<!-- -->&#125;&#125;</span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> pxvkr7ain7ksfx3z7z7pmyl34z14fsi 10 11490 84571 2022-05-20T00:47:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tltss/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --> '''T'''emplate '''l'''ink with '''t'''itle, '''s'''ubstitution. == Usage == This template is like {{tl|tlxs}} except that it includes a parameter for a span title, which appears as a tooltip. == Example == {|class="wikitable" |- ! Code !! Result |- | {{demo|br=<td>|<nowiki>{{Tltss|uw-spam3|Please stop spamming.}}</nowiki>}} |} ==See also== {{Template-linking templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 59dr5rn8k0q6dsxdlouqgoxul4x1wvd 10 11491 84572 2022-05-20T00:47:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlxb wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link expanded with bold]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} fzrtnziawdj443w7326h7cnnw2oyzp5 10 11492 84573 2022-05-20T00:48:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link expanded with bold wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|bold=yes|code=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlxb}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ncylcu17a8e6wlstxhty2oze5j894ln 10 11493 84574 2022-05-20T00:48:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Min wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Math|min}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mf7mi1xwsg2t5awkql3k34xga8pa7vq 10 11494 84575 2022-05-20T00:49:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Min/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Math}} Evaluates and returns the minimum of a list of numeric values. The parameters can be numeric expressions that will be evaluated (using: +, -, *, /, ^, round, floor, mod, see: [[Help:expr]]). Any empty, missing, or invalid (non-numeric) parameters will be ignored. Invalid expressions show no warning, and should be checked some other way. == Usage == '''Syntax:''' : <code><nowiki>{{min | value1 | value2 | value3 | value4 | ... }}</nowiki></code> '''Examples:''' : <code><nowiki>{{min}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|-7}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|-7}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|7|-5}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|7|-5}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|7||-6|-4|}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|7||-6|-4|}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|7|-5|-8}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|7|-5|-8}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|40*41|300+30}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|40*41|300+30}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|100+10|300+30|200+20}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|100+10|300+30|200+20}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|99| (2*3^2+1) /7 round 4}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|99| (2*3^2+1) /7 round 4}} : <code><nowiki>{{min|$2.50|$2.10|9.00}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{min|$2.50|$2.10|9.00}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Evaluates and returns the minimum of a list of numeric values.", "params": { "1": { "label": "First value", "description": "The first value, a number or expression, e.g. '10*20+30'", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Second value", "description": "The second value, many more parameters can be specified", "type": "string", "required": false } }}</templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|max}}, gives the maximum with same parameters <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Mathematical function templates|Min]] }}</includeonly> rh0b3zz43cx31gelmg0j4x574zacscg 10 11495 84576 2022-05-20T00:50:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlxi wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link expanded with italic]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} e057mafkdkywahundzlxa910vbbilov 10 11496 84577 2022-05-20T00:50:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link expanded with italic wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#Invoke:Template link general|main|italic=yes|code=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlxi}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> bao7k26g8tt5sawyyzisd8xy51ks90o 10 11497 84578 2022-05-20T00:50:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlxs wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link expanded with subst]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} dnhqcotdga0rf3a7ehw8hgitnkw4wah 10 11498 84579 2022-05-20T00:51:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link expanded with subst wikitext text/x-wiki {{#Invoke:Template link general|main|code=on|subst=on}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|1=Template:Tlg/doc |content = {{tlg/doc|tlxs}} }} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> i4ks6x9yvmd10svvihdt5l6so3oq5g0 10 11499 84580 2022-05-20T00:51:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tlxu wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Template link universal expanded]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} kgga69kd3knf9qjgjm844qv2g5xrwqt 10 11500 84581 2022-05-20T00:51:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal expanded wikitext text/x-wiki <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[{{{1}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}| &#124;{{{2}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}| &#124;{{{3}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}| &#124;{{{4}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}| &#124;{{{5}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}| &#124;{{{6}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}| &#124;{{{7}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}| &#124;{{{8}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}| &#124;{{{9}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}| &#124;{{{10}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}| &#124;{{{11}}} }}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}| &#124;''...'' }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc page, not here, thanks --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9qrynmuu433nqrqepl59xrvch4hyh9o 10 11501 84582 2022-05-20T00:52:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template link universal expanded/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == Usage == {{tlx|tlxu|fullpagename}} {|class="wikitable" | {{tlx|tlxu|User:Example/Talk message}} || {{tlxu|User:Example/Talk message}} |- | {{tlx|tlxu|Template_talk:tlxu}} || {{tlxu|Template_talk:tlxu}} |- | {{tlx|tlxu|Template talk:tlxu|param}} || {{tlxu|Template talk:tlxu|param}} |- | {{tlx|tlxu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>10}} || {{tlxu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9{{=}}10}} |- | {{tlx|tlxu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>10<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>more}} || {{tlxu|fullpagename|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9{{=}}10{{=}}more}} |- | {{tlx|tlxu|fullpagename|param<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>value}} || {{tlxu|fullpagename|param{{=}}value}} |} ''Up to 10 placeholders for parameters of the specified template'' This template is nearly identical to [[Template:Tlx]], except that it is intended for all [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] transclusions, and you can include parameters—as long as you use {{tlg|&#61;}} signs or {{code|&#61;}} in place of equal signs. For example, you can enter a subpage in your user space ({{tlxu|User:Example/Talk message|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}}) or in a WikiProject ({{tlxu|Wikipedia:WikiProject Songs/Unreferenced BLPs|param1{{=}}y|param2|etc.}}). == See also == *{{tl|tl}} for full documentation {{Tl-nav}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> bjnhj868g2weffmsis67xq1bfeiwqyk 10 11502 84583 2022-05-20T00:52:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tsetl wikitext text/x-wiki {{<!-- -->[[Wikipedia:Template substitution|subst]]:<!-- -->[[Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} | &#124;<i>etc.</i>}}<!-- -->}}<br/>&#160;<!-- --><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><!-- --><small>[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links]&#160;<!-- -->[[:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|talk]]&#160;<!-- -->[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit]<!-- --></small><!-- --></span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata --> </noinclude> f0auc1uog52tntpk38r0f8ax9r78l47 10 11503 84584 2022-05-20T00:52:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tsetl/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Usage == Like {{lts|tlx}} and {{tlx|tlsp}} for up to three parameters, used in template lists adding links in the same style as {{tlx|lts/}} and {{tlx|tlrow}}. Use {{tlx|tetl}} for the version without [[Wikipedia:Template substitution|subst]]<code>:</code>. == Comparison == {{tl-nav}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] }}</includeonly> pyxnetyy0pd7m5zt2cutkz6z288rcxy 10 11504 84585 2022-05-20T00:53:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ttl wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{error|Did you mean {{tl|s-ttl}}?}}}}&#123;{[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]}}&nbsp;([[Template talk:{{{1}}}|t]]/[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1}}}|limit=999}} l])<noinclude> {{pp-template|small=yes}} [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] </noinclude> 7b0wm98nell0ryrguvp1u30e4z16hua 10 11505 84586 2022-05-20T00:54:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Twlh wikitext text/x-wiki [[Template:{{{1}}}]] ([[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1}}}|links]], [[Template talk:{{{1}}}|talk]])<noinclude> [[Category:Internal template-link templates]] </noinclude> 5zf094pe00ublbb8odjt3afz5zqsejm 10 11506 84587 2022-05-20T00:56:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Compare pages wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#switch:<!-- -->|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}} = {{Error|Two pages are needed to compare.}}<!-- -->|#default = <!-- -->{{Plain link<!-- -->|url = {{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|<!-- -->{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{1|}}} + 1}}<!-- -->|page1={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}}<!-- -->|rev1={{{1}}}<!-- -->}}&<!-- -->{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{{2|}}} + 1}}<!-- -->|page2={{urlencode:{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->|rev2={{{2}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- -->|name = {{{label|{{{3|compare {{{label1|{{{1}}}}}} to {{{label2|{{{2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> n64vutlx0vxrvgamv909809p4ni0nyv 10 11507 84588 2022-05-20T00:56:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Compare pages/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} Similar to the {{Tl|Diff}} template, this template is intended to be useful for creating links to "[[Help:Diff|diffs]]"; that is, links to pages that show the differences between two versions of a wiki page. The major difference is that {{Tlc|Diff}} is intended to show two versions of the same page, and this creates a link to [[Special:ComparePages]] to show one version of two different pages. Every version of a page has a revision ID, which you can find from the [[Help:Page history|history]] of the page by looking at the link for the timestamp, which is of the form: <nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SomePageName&oldid=442212827</nowiki> The number after <kbd>oldid=</kbd> is the revision ID. Given a page name and one or two revision IDs, you can construct links to several types of diffs. == Usage == :{{Tlx|Compare pages|''page'' or ''oldid'' for page 1|''page'' or ''oldid'' for page 2}} *<kbd>''page''</kbd>&nbsp;– The title of the page. *<kbd>''oldid''</kbd>&nbsp;– The revision ID onto which the diff is generated. <!-- ADD IN DETAILS FOR {{{3}}}, {{{label}}}, {{{label1}}}, and {{{label2}}} once the bugs are ironed out. --> All parameters are required. Omitting parameters will return an error. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" ! style="width:40%;" | Code !! Output |- | <code><nowiki>{{Compare pages|Foo|Bar}}</nowiki></code> | {{Compare pages|Foo|Bar}} '''This is the form that would be used most often.''' |- | <code><nowiki>{{Compare pages|Foo|Bar|Difference between pages}}</nowiki></code> | {{Compare pages|Foo|Bar|Difference between pages}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Compare pages|Foo}}</nowiki></code> | {{Compare pages|Foo}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Compare pages||Bar}}</nowiki></code> | {{Compare pages||Bar}} |} == See also == * {{Tl|Oldid}}&nbsp;– simplifies the case for linking to a known old version * {{Tl|Diff}} * {{Tl|Diff2}} * {{Tl|Querylink}}&nbsp;– generic template to construct [[query string]]s * [[diff utility]]&nbsp;– syntax highlight on wiki pages with [[mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight GeSHi]] * [[User:Scottywong/diffconverter]], a tool for converting from raw form * [[Special:ComparePages]] <!-- NO TEMPLATE DATA UNTIL LABEL PARAMETERS ARE GOOD <nowiki> == TemplateData == <templatedata> { "params": { "page": { "required": true, "label": "Page", "type": "string/wiki-page-name", "description": "The title of the page." }, "diff": { "required": true, "label": "Diff", "type": "string/line", "description": "The ID or keyword that is used against the base ID. Possible keywords are:\n* cur – compare with the current version of a page.\n* prev – compare with the previous version of a page.\n* next – compare with the next version of a page." }, "oldid": { "required": false, "label": "Oldid", "type": "number", "description": "The base ID onto which the diff is generated. Some number like \"442212827\" (without the quotes)." }, "diffonly": { "required": false, "label": "Diffonly", "type": "string/line", "description": "Displays the page comparisons only. If you use this, the value should be \"yes\" (without the quotes)." }, "label": { "required": false, "label": "Label", "type": "string/line", "description": "Text to display as link. No label will give a numbered link." }, "id": { "type": "number", "label": "id", "description": "The ID to be compared with the base oldid. To be included ONLY if the parameter \"diff\" is NOT specified. This should be *larger* than <kbd>oldid</kbd>. Some number like \"442212827\" (without the quotes)." } }, "description": "A template that is intended to be useful for creating links to diffs; that is, links to pages that show the differences between two versions of a wiki page." } </templatedata> </nowiki> --> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Diff templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> cxqcosdw03gjaa3ksadxtrdx304birn 10 11508 84589 2022-05-20T00:56:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Plain link wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">{{SAFESUBST:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|{{{NAME|{{{name|}}}}}}}}} |[{{{1|{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}}}}} {{{2|{{{NAME|{{{name|}}}}}}}}}] |[{{{1|{{{URL|{{{url}}}}}}}}}] }}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4ksm928qcz1wzong5bwawgcsgfzt0v4 10 11509 84590 2022-05-20T00:57:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Plain link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|pli|plk|plal|scp|plnk}} {{used in system}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> This template will allow you to create a local or [[Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki link]] (such as a link to the [[Help:Page history|history of a page]]) on a page without having the [[File:MediaWiki external link icon.svg|12px|link=|alt=external link]] icon following the link. This can be used, for example, when internal or interwiki links appear as external links. See [[Help:URL#URLs on other Wikimedia projects]] for more information. == Caution == You can use {{tnull|fullurl}} [[Help:Magic words|magicword]] to generate URLs to Wikipedia pages. Also, this template is not suitable for genuinely external links, since it suppresses displaying the external link small icon ([[File:MediaWiki external link icon.svg|12px|link=|alt=external link icon]]); for external links, use {{tl|URL}} == Examples == *<code><nowiki>{{Plain link|url=https://www.wikipedia.org}}</nowiki></code> gives {{Plain link|url=//www.wikipedia.org}} *<code><nowiki>{{Plain link|https://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> gives {{Plain link|//www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia}} *<code><nowiki>{{Plain link|https://www.wikipedia.org | Wikipedia}}</nowiki></code> gives {{Plain link|//www.wikipedia.org|Wikipedia}} *<code><nowiki>{{Plain link|https://www.google.co.uk|Google}}</nowiki></code> gives {{Plain link|http://www.google.co.uk|Google}} Note that if your url or link title contains an equals sign <code>=</code> you must use named parameters: *<code><nowiki>{{Plain link|url=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|name="=" }}</nowiki></code> gives {{Plain link|url=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|name="="}} == Redirects == To be more concise, you can use <code><nowiki>{{scp}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{plnk}}</nowiki></code> and numbers as parameter names, e.g.: *<code><nowiki>{{scp|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|2="="}}</nowiki></code> gives the same {{scp|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|2="="}} *<code><nowiki>{{plnk|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|2="="}}</nowiki></code> gives the same {{plnk|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equals_sign&oldid=282228764|2="="}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Use this template to add a local or interwiki link that would otherwise show a box and arrow icon next to the link without the icon.", "format": "inline", "params": { "url": { "aliases": ["URL","1"], "label": "URL", "description": "URL of the link. For Wikimedia links, use the format \"//example.com\". This allows users to use the protocol they're currently using.", "type": "url" }, "name": { "aliases": ["NAME","2"], "label": "Text", "description": "Text to be linked", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "url", "name" ] } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Help:External link icons]] * [[Template:Querylink]], generates a plain link for Wikipedia pages with extended parameters * [[Template:Plain]], a similar template that keeps the URL written out * [[Template:Diff]] * [[Template:Oldid]] * [[Template:URL]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:External link templates]] }}</includeonly> eytzsuey6b8717toq4y3eghr57dnpqv 10 11510 84591 2022-05-20T00:58:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Plnk wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Plain link]] {{rcatsh| {{R tsh}} }} g9t9e4xu0rawzmhqwozrwpnb8t69ybo 10 11511 84592 2022-05-20T00:58:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Scp wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Plain link]] {{rcatsh| {{R tsh}} }} g9t9e4xu0rawzmhqwozrwpnb8t69ybo 10 11512 84593 2022-05-20T00:59:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Middot wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:·]] <noinclude> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> oj0c5l93h9kyxf3fkdkzyn5ilzlr3pz 10 11513 84594 2022-05-20T01:01:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!bxt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #8B0000;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> dekcsqyv5k242zwvrcs9go9wz9pa3a3 10 11514 84595 2022-05-20T01:01:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!xt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: #8B0000;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> as9fbbw0jw0vo3kag3jnc5uddujfcl5 10 11515 84596 2022-05-20T01:01:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!xt/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!--PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE--> {{lowercase title}} {{Documentation subpage|[[Template:xt]], [[Template:bxt]], [[Template:mxt]], [[Template:xtd]], [[Template:bxtd]], [[Template:!xt]], [[Template:!bxt]], and [[Template:!mxt]]}} {{distinguish|Category:Text color templates}} This and related templates produce an inline typeface change suitable to render e'''X'''ample '''T'''ext on Wikipedia's general help pages. ==Using example-formatting templates in general== {{mbox | type = content | small = yes | text = This family of templates ''cannot'' be used in [[Wikipedia:Mainspace|mainspace]] (the article [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]). }} {{lua|Module:TEMPLATENAME|noprotcat=yes}} The [[:Category:Example-formatting templates|category of example-formatting templates]] is used frequently in non-[[Wikipedia:Mainspace|mainspace]] general help pages such as [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Wikipedia:Manual of Style (MOS)]] when ''inline'' typeface changes are needed. {{strong|This family of templates ''cannot'' be used in mainspace (the article [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]).}} {{strong|Also, this family of templates is ''not'' for use as [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext markup]] for [[Wikipedia:Quotations|quotations]] on [[Wikipedia:Talk pages|talk pages]]}}; use {{tlx|tq}} instead. For cases where the serif typeface is not desirable (e.g. in blocks of computer code), use {{tlx|bxt}}, which substitutes boldfacing, or {{tlx|mxt}}, which substitutes a monospaced font. For style examples that break to their own line (e.g. paragraphs), use {{tlx|xt2}}. For examples of {{!xt|bad/wrong style, in red}}, use {{tlx|!xt}}, {{tlx|!bxt}}, {{tlx|!mxt}}, or {{tlx|!xt2}}, respectively. The {{tlx|xtd}} template exists for {{xtg|deprecated}} examples. Its alias {{tlx|xtg}} (for "grey") can be used to indicate uncertain, unavailable, disabled, lorem, etc., examples without implying [[deprecation]]. The bold, sans-serif equivalent is {{tlx|bxtd}} (and {{tlx|bxtg}} alias). The mono-spaced equivalent is {{tlx|mxtd}}. The {{tlx|xtn}} template is for {{xtn|neutral}} examples, and has no color change, but is otherwise identical to {{tlx|xt}}. It can be used with {{tnull|xt}} and {{tnull|!xt}} to indicate usage that is neither advised nor advised against or deprecated. The bold, sans-serif equivalent is {{tlx|bxtn}}. ==Parameters== * {{para||{{var|text here}}}} or {{para|1|{{var|text here}}}} – The text to which to apply the markup. As with all templates, when the text has any equals characters ("="), explicitly prefix the text with {{para|1}} or the template will break. * {{para|title|{{var|tooltip text here}}}} – Takes text, ''which cannot be marked up in any way'', and displays it as a pop-up "tooltip" (in most browsers) when the cursor hovers over the span ==Accessibility== The accompanying change in typeface to a serif or monospaced type style (as in {{xt|example text}}) is to make it fully accessible for those with [[color blindness]]. Keep [[WP:Accessibility|accessibility]] more broadly in mind, and never construct examples such that a blind person, who may not be able to see the coloration, boldfacing, or monospace font change, cannot understand the examples. Especially indicate, with terms like "not", "don't", "wrong:", etc., that a negative example is a negative one, or with "deprecated", "avoid", etc., that deprecated material is deprecated. ==Examples of &#123;&#123;[[Template:xt|xt]]&#125;&#125; syntax and result== ;What you write: :<code><nowiki>...for example, {{xt|1=''T''&nbsp;=&nbsp;293.15&nbsp;K}}, but not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}.</nowiki></code> ;What you get: :...for example, {{xt|1=''T''&nbsp;=&nbsp;293.15&nbsp;K}}, but not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}. {| class=wikitable !What you type !What you get |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!xt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!xt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''xtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{xtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!mxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!mxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''mxtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{mxtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''!bxt'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{!bxt|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxtn'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxtn|inline typeface change}} for comparison |- |<kbd><nowiki>this is an {{</nowiki>'''bxtd'''<nowiki>|inline typeface change}} for comparison</nowiki></kbd> |this is an {{bxtd|inline typeface change}} for comparison |} == User CSS for a monospaced coding font == {{collapse top|left=y|title=Have monospaced templates in this group – and your editing window – use your preferred monospaced font:}} {{Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font}} {{collapse bottom}} ==See also== {{Xt/see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE PLEASE--> [[Category:Example-formatting templates]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}</includeonly> 15a4uydk652xgbtmiykrkq4zrd1qitd 10 11516 84597 2022-05-20T01:02:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bxt wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #006400;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> o517mmigg22ja906j5jm21qfe7b52yb 10 11517 84598 2022-05-20T01:02:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bxtd wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-deprecated example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: #696969;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> 7329yks01rtdli7coqttijzmqb8tjqz 10 11518 84599 2022-05-20T01:03:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bxtn wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example example-neutral example-bold" style="font-weight: bold; color: initial;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<noinclude> <!-- No, "color: initial;" is not redundant; it fixes inconsistent link-appearance behavior between this template and [[Template:Xt]], etc. --> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} </noinclude> 0edqx3pzpyj5aa1u7zvwspp0p6zr08m 10 11519 84600 2022-05-20T01:03:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lowercase title wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{DISPLAYTITLE: {{#if: {{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{#if: {{{italic|}}} | {{#if: {{{force|}}} | ''{{lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}}'' | {{#invoke:MultiReplace|main|{{lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}}|^(.*)(%b())$|''%1''%2|.*|''%1''}} }} | {{#if: {{{dab|}}} | {{#invoke:MultiReplace|main|{{lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Title disambig text|{{PAGENAME}}}}|''{{Title disambig text|{{PAGENAME}}}}''}} | {{lcfirst:{{PAGENAME}}}} }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 43cjo598swbozixkfcis18h1aqwo0ii 10 11520 84601 2022-05-20T01:03:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lowercase title/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{See also|Template:Nocaps}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{No substitution}} {{TOC right}} == Usage == Simply add the [[Help:Wikitext|wikitext]] markup {{tlx|Lowercase title}} at the beginning of a page (and optionally, at the beginning of its talk page). There are no parameters. The markup will only decapitalize the first letter of the page's name in the title at the beginning of the page. Some examples (in different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]]): {| class="wikitable" width=370px |- ! scope="col" | Page name ! scope="col" | Will display |- ! scope="row" | [[EBay]] | eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[Talk:EBay]] | Talk:eBay |- ! scope="row" | [[:Category:MacOS]] | Category:macOS |- ! scope="row" | [[:Template:IPhone_models]] | Template:iPhone models |} == Issues == The template does '''not''' work together with other title modification templates: you need to use DISPLAYTITLE directly and make sure it's the last DISPLAYTITLE on the page. For example, to make "Example" italic and lowercase, use <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE:''example''}}</nowiki></code>. When using the template on redirect pages, the template must be moved ''after'' the redirect, since otherwise it will break the redirection. This, however, limits the template to have an effect only when viewing the redirect page directly. Nevertheless, it is still useful in this scenario in order to document the proper capitalization of a term. When using on templates, please make sure to wrap it with a &lt;noinclude&gt; tag, so that transcluded pages don't get affected. == Technical == This template wraps the [[Help:Magic words|magic word]] DISPLAYTITLE so that it works automatically in any namespace (main/article, talk, template, category, etc.) to decapitalise the first letter of the name of a page it is transcluded on. <syntaxhighlight lang=sql> /* Page using a lowercase title, with or without {{lowercase}} */ SELECT page_title, pp_value AS displaytitle FROM page JOIN page_props ON pp_page=page_id AND pp_propname="displaytitle" WHERE page_namespace=0 AND CONVERT(pp_value USING utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin /* &#greek; */ REGEXP "^([_ :]+|<[^<>]+>)*([[:lower:]]|&#9[4-6][0-9];)" </syntaxhighlight> ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "italic": { "label": "Italic", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the title, except for any part in brackets.", "type": "string" }, "force": { "label": "Fully italic", "description": "If this AND \"italic\" have a value specified, then the whole title will be italic including any brackets.", "type": "string" }, "dab": { "label": "Italicize disambiguation", "description": "If this is specified with any value, italicize the part in brackets.", "type": "string" } }, "description": "This template is used to make the first letter of the page title lowercase. It will not affect the page URL, just the displayed name." } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)#Lowercase first letter]] {{Correct title examples}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Correct title templates]] }}</includeonly> f929c69t0g0852ijg0jctppqhsmj7tk 10 11521 84602 2022-05-20T01:03:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Correct title examples wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="background: transparent;" |+ Title changing or correcting templates + magic word {{Navbar|Correct title examples|plain=1|brackets=y}} |- ! scope="col" style="width: 20%;" | Wiki markup <br /><span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 90%">[[Help:Transclusion|Transclusion]] from template:</span> ! scope="col" 40% | Involves ! scope="col" style="width: 20%;" | Correct name ! scope="col" style="width: 20%;" | Actual article name |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Italic title}} | Title in italics | ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' | [[To Kill a Mockingbird]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Italic title|all{{=}}yes}} | Complete title in italics, including parentheses | ''Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)'' | [[Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Italic title|string{{=}}Ally McBeal}} | Phrase of {{para|string}} in italics | List of ''Ally McBeal'' episodes | [[List of Ally McBeal episodes]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Italic title|all{{=}}yes|string{{=}}Fringe}} | Phrase of {{para|string}} in italics; also looks in parentheses | Peter (''Fringe'' episode) | [[Peter (Fringe episode)]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Italic dab}} | Disambiguation in italics | The End (''Lost'') | [[The End (Lost)]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Lowercase title}} | Lowercase first character | eBay | [[EBay]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Lowercase title|italic{{=}}yes}} | Lowercase first character and place title in italics, not including disambiguation | ''iCarly'' (soundtrack) | [[ICarly (soundtrack)]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Lowercase title|italic{{=}}yes|force{{=}}yes}} | Lowercase first character and place title in italics, including disambiguation | | |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Lowercase title|dab{{=}}yes}} | Lowercase first character and place disambiguation in italics | iSpy (''Modern Family'') | [[ISpy (Modern Family)]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Correct title|reason{{=}}bracket}} | [[bracket|< > [ ] { }]] | Benzo[''a'']pyrene | [[Benzo(a)pyrene]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Correct title|reason{{=}}#}} | [[Number sign|#]] | Pilot #5 || [[Pilot No. 5]] |- ! scope="row" | {{tlp|Correct title|reason{{=}}:}} | [[colon (punctuation)|:]] | DK: King of Swing | [[DK King of Swing]] |- ! scope="row" style="background: #EAECF1;" | <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 92%;">[[Help:Magic words|Magic word:]]</span> ! scope="row" colspan="3" style="background: #EAECF1;" | |- ! scope="row" | {{[[meta:Help:Magic words#Miscellany|DISPLAYTITLE]]}} | Various | _NSAKEY | [[NSAKEY]] |}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= [[Category:Correct title templates|Examples]] }} </noinclude> pt3v80qkh96be494sqsydad9c98x6vm 10 11522 84603 2022-05-20T01:04:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No substitution wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Never substitute]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 8tdhqlqm2zmfe5si10lx1jlemkhqxwz 10 11523 84604 2022-05-20T01:05:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mxtd wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example deprecated-content example-deprecated monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: #696969;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<!--"monospace, monospace" needed per Wikipedia:Typography#The_monospace_'bug'--><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} <!--This category has to be done on a per-template basis, not in the shared docs, since it only apply to four templates in the family.--> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] </noinclude> 2o4thsvzk7cavlqmgejak80jceu631w 10 11524 84605 2022-05-20T01:05:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mxtn wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|[[:{{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}}]] is only for examples of style and formatting. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|<span class="example example-neutral monospaced example-mono" style="font-family:monospace, monospace; color: initial;" {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1|Example text}}}</span>}}<!--"monospace, monospace" needed per Wikipedia:Typography#The_monospace_'bug'--><noinclude> <!-- No, "color: initial;" is not redundant; it fixes inconsistent link-appearance behavior between this template and [[Template:Xt]], etc. --> {{Documentation|Template:Xt/doc}} <!--This category has to be done on a per-template basis, not in the shared docs, since it only applies to four templates in the family.--> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] </noinclude> sdtqrjmdd5ieifymse8ug8vuiolaz3n 10 11525 84606 2022-05-20T01:06:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xt/see also wikitext text/x-wiki <!--This is transcluded into all these templates' /doc pages to save time.--> <div style="float:right; padding:0 1em;">{{navbar|Xt/see also|plain=y}}</div> * {{tlx|xt}} inline {{xt|positive example text}}, in green, with serif font * {{tlx|xt2}} same as {{tnull|xt}} but for blocks of text * {{tlx|bxt}} same as {{tnull|xt}} but uses {{bxt|bold instead of serif font}} * {{tlx|mxt}} same as {{tnull|xt}} but uses {{mxt|mono-spaced font}} (especially useful in source code)<br />&nbsp; * {{tlx|!xt}} inline {{!xt|negative example text}}, in red, with serif font * {{tlx|!xt2}} same as {{tnull|!xt}} but for blocks (i.e., same as {{tnull|xt2}} but red) * {{tlx|!bxt}} same as {{tnull|!xt}} but uses {{!bxt|boldface}} * {{tlx|!mxt}} same as {{tnull|!xt}} but uses {{!mxt|mono-spaced font}}; used for incorrect or strongly deprecated code/output/input examples and should usually be wrapped in {{tag|code|o}}, {{tag|samp|o}}, or {{tag|kbd|o}} as appropriate; see also {{tlx|dc}} and its variants below * {{tlx|dcr}} inline {{dcr|strongly deprecated or deleted material}}; {{tlx|dc2}} variant has {{dc2|strikethrough}} (they both use the {{tag|del|open}} element, and do not add monospace font on their own; can be used in mainspace (articles), and where necessary wrapped in {{tag|code|o}}, {{tag|samp|o}}, or {{tag|kbd|o}}); see also {{tlx|dc}} below<br />&nbsp; * {{tlx|xtd}} inline {{xtd|deprecated (or uncertain, unavailable, lorem, etc.) example text}}, in grey * {{tlx|bxtd}} same as {{tnull|xtd}} but uses {{bxtg|boldface}} * {{tlx|mxtd}} same as {{tnull|xtd}} but uses {{mxtd|mono-spaced font}} * {{tlx|dc}} inline {{dc|deprecated or deleted material}}; (uses the {{tag|del|open}} element, and does not add monospace font on it own; can be used in mainspace (articles), and where necessary wrapped in {{tag|code|o}}, {{tag|samp|o}}, or {{tag|kbd|o}}); see also {{tlx|dcr}} above<br />&nbsp; * {{tlx|xtn}} inline {{xtn|neutral example text}}, with no color change, when none of the above applies; used for "permissible" examples neither favored nor deprecated * {{tlx|xtn2}} same as {{tnull|xtn}} but for blocks of text * {{tlx|bxtn}} same as {{tnull|xtn}} but uses {{bxtn|boldface}}; it still applies a CSS class, so it's not simply boldfacing * {{tlx|mxtn}} same as {{tnull|xtn}} but uses {{mxtn|mono-spaced font}}; this is a good template to use when the shaded box formatting of {{tag|code}} might be undesirable, or the [[Semantic HTML|semantics]] of it is incorrect in the context{{#if:{{{sb|}}}||<br />&nbsp; * {{tlx|strongbad}} – for introducing something as deprecated or issuing some other warning in documentation, e.g.: {{tlx|strongbad|Not for use in mainspace.}} }} <!-- --><noinclude> <!-- ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc PAGE, NOT HERE, THANKS --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r2xn7l5tgn4e53ttzctjc20jj0qspdw 10 11526 84607 2022-05-20T01:06:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xt/see also/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> == Usage == This documentation sub-template is for transclusion in the "See also" sections of the documentation of the templates of the {{tlx|xt}} family. There are no parameters: <pre> === See also === {{Xt/see also}} </pre> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Text color templates| ]] [[sl:Predloga:Xt see also]] }}</includeonly> 4tlfl7kuewuzhsqdvw5bnwld4mkxgs1 10 11527 84608 2022-05-20T01:06:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bxtg wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Bxtd]] 99yivlr9gbsfiy7ackjsdq1z6dgzenw 10 11528 84609 2022-05-20T01:07:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dc wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Deprecated code]] 3nk6qkdjqloltzt5k65vfv5ziiuq5gu 10 11529 84610 2022-05-20T01:07:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Deprecated code wikitext text/x-wiki <del class="deprecated-content {{{class|}}}" style="color:{{#if:{{{red|}}}|#8B0000|#808080}}; text-decoration:none; {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}|}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"|}} {{#if:{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}|title="{{{title|{{{2}}}}}}"|}}>{{{1}}}</del><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> nh5dpk6no1fzty7y7i08n79nl5bdzci 10 11530 84611 2022-05-20T01:07:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Braces wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{code|{{{tt|}}}}}}|<code>}}<!-- -->{{((}}{{{1|{{thin space}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{2}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{4}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{5}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{6}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{7}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{8}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}} |{{thin space}}{{!}}{{thin space}}{{{9}}}}}<!-- -->{{))}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{code|{{{tt|}}}}}}|</code>}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> dkq2fw0vhy0wbvj2h21vqx1wfutw3fa 10 11531 84612 2022-05-20T01:08:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Braces/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} * This template returns the first unnamed parameter in double braces. To be used to demonstrate template code without the need for clunky nowiki'ing. Further unnamed parameters (up to 8 more) can be used without worrying for pipes. * Set {{mono|code{{=}}on}}{{\}}{{mono|code{{=}}true}}{{\}}etc. to switch the font used to the HTML <nowiki><code></nowiki>-style monospaced font. * To improve legibility, {{tl|thin space}}s are inserted either side of any [[Vertical bar|pipe character]]s ("{{thin space|{{!}}}}") displayed by the template. * To ensure equals-signs are handled as text by the template, use {{tl|{{=}}}} to produce them&nbsp;– e.g. <code><nowiki>{{braces|Templatename|p1{{=}}v1|p2{{=}}v2|...}}</nowiki></code> (and see examples below). == Function == * This template wraps the [[HTML entities]] <code>&amp;#123;&amp;#123;</code> and <code>&amp;#125;&amp;#125;</code>. === Limitations === * The template cannot output just the starting double braces or just the ending double braces. You will have to write <code>&amp;#123;&amp;#123;</code> or <code>&amp;#125;&amp;#125;</code>. ===Examples=== {{Markup | col2 = Output | <nowiki>{{braces|Templatename|item1|item2}}</nowiki> | {{braces|Templatename|item1|item2}} | <nowiki>{{braces|code=on |Templatename|item1|item2}}</nowiki> | {{braces|code=on |Templatename|item1|item2}} | <nowiki>{{braces |Templatename|item1{{=}}XYZ|item2{{=}}PQR}}</nowiki> | {{braces |Templatename|item1{{=}}XYZ|item2{{=}}PQR}} | <nowiki>{{braces|code=on |Templatename|item1{{=}}XYZ|item2{{=}}PQR}}</nowiki> | {{braces |code=on |Templatename|item1{{=}}XYZ|item2{{=}}PQR}} }} Note that omitting the double-braces around the equals signs in the last two examples does not work as intended: {{Markup | col2 = Output | <nowiki>{{braces |Templatename|item1=XYZ|item2=PQR}}</nowiki> | {{braces |Templatename|item1=XYZ|item2=PQR}} | <nowiki>{{braces|code=on |Templatename|item1{{=}}XYZ|item2{{=}}PQR}}</nowiki> | {{braces |code=on |Templatename|item1=XYZ|item2=PQR}} }} == See also == * {{tl|brackets}} * {{tl|bracket}} * {{tl|nowiki}} * {{tl|mono}} * {{tl|mset}} * {{tl|(())}} <!--[Now deprecated?:] * {{tl|Ttt}} {{tag|tt}} tags.--> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Wikitext typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> atxvkldpwljct9fw27m28ovgusqtkie 10 11532 84613 2022-05-20T01:08:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Codett wikitext text/x-wiki {{code|{{{code|{{{1}}}}}}|lang={{{lang|{{{2|text}}}}}}|class={{{class|}}}|id={{{id|}}}|style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;"}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> giz77gel4p94cncr22o2lx5bxqzrj13 10 11533 84614 2022-05-20T01:08:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Codett/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Template categories go at the bottom of this page. --> {{cleanup|reason=needs some furniture to become a decent citizen}} Wrapper for {{tl|code}} that removes background and border, and passes through all other parameters: {{code|<nowiki>{{code|{{{code|{{{1}}}}}}|lang={{{lang|{{{2|text}}}}}}|class={{{class|}}}|id={{{id|}}}}}|style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;"}}</nowiki>}} For example, {{code|someMethodOfSomeClass}} becomes {{codett|someMethodOfSomeClass}}. Can be used to replace obsolete {{tag|tt}} tags that are applied to code fragments, without disrupting existing text appearance. == See also == * {{tlx|mono}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Template categories below this line, please --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> r0bre4u6656u3wrikehlwv7hnucbv9s 10 11534 84615 2022-05-20T01:09:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cleanup wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#ifexpr:{{#expr:{{#iferror:{{#time:U|{{{date}}}}}|2000000000}}>=1341100800}}*{{#if:{{{reason|<noinclude>x</noinclude>}}}|0|1}}*{{#ifeq:{{{nocat}}}|true|0|1}} |{{error|1=You must add a {{para|reason}} parameter to this Cleanup template – replace it with <code><nowiki>{{Cleanup|</nowiki>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}{{!}}|}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|<nowiki>date=</nowiki>{{{date|}}}{{!}}}}<nowiki>reason=<Fill reason here>}}</nowiki></code>, or remove the Cleanup template.<br style="clear:both;"> }}{{Category handler |nocat = {{{nocat|}}} |main = {{DMC|Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field|from|{{{date|}}}}} }} |{{main other |{{ambox | name = Cleanup | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | type = style | class = ambox-Cleanup | small = {{{small|}}} | sect = {{{1|}}} | issue = may '''require [[Wikipedia:cleanup|cleanup]]''' to meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|quality standards]]. {{#if:{{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} |The specific problem is: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{2|{{{reason}}}}}}}}''' }} | talk = {{{talk|{{{talksection|}}}}}} | fix = {{#if:{{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}}| |No [[Template:Cleanup/doc|cleanup reason]] has been specified. }} Please help [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} improve this {{{1|{{SUBJECTSPACE formatted}}}}}] if you can. | removalnotice = yes | date = {{{date|}}} | cat = Articles needing cleanup | all = All pages needing cleanup | cat2 = Cleanup tagged articles with{{#if:{{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}}||out}} a reason field }} |{{mbox | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} | type = style | text = This {{{1|{{SUBJECTSPACE formatted}}}}} '''may require [[Wikipedia:cleanup|cleanup]] to meet Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style|quality standards]]'''. {{#if:{{{2|{{{reason|}}}}}} |The specific problem is: '''{{Terminate sentence|{{{2|{{{reason}}}}}}}}''' |No [[Template:Cleanup/doc|cleanup reason]] has been specified. }} Please help [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} improve this {{{1|{{SUBJECTSPACE formatted}}}}}] if you can{{#ifeq:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}} |&#59; the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}{{#if:{{{talksection|}}}|&#35;{{{talksection}}}}}|talk page]] may contain suggestions. |. }} }} | demospace = {{{demospace|<noinclude>main</noinclude>}}} }}{{Category handler |page = {{SUBJECTPAGENAME}} |nocat = {{{nocat|}}} |category = {{DMC|Wikipedia categories needing cleanup|from|{{{date|}}}}} |template = {{#ifeq:{{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|1}}|Template:Cleanup||{{DMC|Wikipedia templates needing cleanup|from|{{{date|}}}}}}} |other = {{DMCA|Wikipedia pages needing cleanup|from|{{{date|}}}}} }} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> qm4qyjc4h39ic0bplhefhuwh3vyp15y 10 11535 84616 2022-05-20T01:09:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cleanup/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Substitution| |only if you want to automatically add the "date{{=}}" parameter}} {{high-use|12993}} {{Twinkle standard installation}} {{Lua|Module:Unsubst}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ==When to use== This tag is intended to identify pages that need wikification or the correction of spelling, grammar, typographical errors, tone, and other similar, non-content-focused changes. Articles that violate policy need more direct action. Other templates, such as {{tl|POV}}, are better suited to content disputes. === Alternatives === If the problem is correctable with the skills you already possess, consider being [[WP:bold|bold]] and fixing it yourself, rather than applying this template and leaving it for someone else to clean up. If you feel that an article needs a significant amount of cleanup, you can post it to [[Wikipedia:Cleanup|WikiProject Cleanup]]. It is more effective than using {{ tlc |{{ ROOTPAGENAME }}}} as there is a backlog for the tags. Editors will give your submitted article a cleanup and fix any problems associated with it. == How to use == {{Tlc|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} should be used with the following two parameters: * {{para|date}}: the month and year (e.g. {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}) when the Cleanup template was added to the article; this helps to figure out how long an article has been tagged for cleanup. * {{para|reason}}: the reason for requesting cleanup. This is useful for editors in case the reason for requesting a cleanup is not immediately obvious. Optional parameters include: * {{para|talk}} or {{para|talksection}}: the section of the talk page explaining what needs to be done. Add a new section to the talk page explaining the type and extent of clean-up required, so editors will know what to address and when to remove this template. * {{para|1}} (or an empty parameter): changes the default descriptor (i.e., "article"). For example, {{tlx|Cleanup|section}} changes it to "section". * {{para|small}}: enter 'left' here to turn the template into a small box on the left side of the screen. * {{para|nocat}}: enter 'true' here to prevent the template from adding cleanup categories to the article. The template should be placed at the top of the article requiring a cleanup. If practicable, please use a [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup|more specific cleanup template]]. Because {{Tlc|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} is vague, specific problems should be identified in the <code>reason</code> field; a more detailed explanation of what needs to be done can be provided on the article's talk page. An article's {{Tlc|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} template may be removed without the problems being fixed if it is not possible to identify what needs to be cleaned up. If this template is [[Wikipedia:Subst|substituted]], the end result consists of an unsubstituted form including an automatically filled <code>date=</code> parameter with the current date. == Examples == For example, {{Tlc|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|reason{{=}}The article is full of incorrect capitalization.|date{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} would display as: {{Cleanup|article|reason=The article is full of incorrect capitalization.|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|demospace=main|nocat=true}} (although {{tl|copyedit}} would be the more appropriate tag to use in that specific case) {| class="wikitable" |+ The template detects which [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] it is used in and changes accordingly: ! Article | {{Cleanup|article|reason=lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.|demospace=main|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|nocat=true}} |- ! Category | {{Cleanup|category|reason=lorem ipsum dolor sit amet!|demospace=category|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|nocat=true}} |- ! Template | {{Cleanup|template|reason=lorem ipsum dolor sit amet?|demospace=other|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|nocat=true}} |} The descriptor (on the preceding example "template") can be changed from its default using the first parameter, for instance {{Tlc|Cleanup|section}} or {{Tlc|Cleanup|disambiguation page}}. == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This tag is intended to identify pages that need wikification or the correction of spelling, grammar, typographical errors, tone, and other similar, non-content-focused changes. Use this tag when the article needs improvement per WP:BETTER.", "format": "inline", "params": { "date": { "label": "Month and year", "description": "The month and year that the template was placed (in full). \"{{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}\" inserts the current month and year automatically.", "type": "line", "autovalue": "{{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}", "example": "January 2013", "suggested": true }, "reason": { "aliases": [ "2" ], "label": "Reason", "description": "Reason for requesting cleanup", "type": "string", "example": "The article is full of incorrect capitalization.", "required": true }, "talk": { "aliases": [ "talksection" ], "label": "Talk page section", "description": "The section of the talk page explaining what needs to be done", "type": "string" }, "small": { "label": "Make template small", "description": "Enter \"left\" here to make the template box small and aligned to the left.", "type": "line", "autovalue": "left", "example": "left" }, "1": { "label": "Affected area", "description": "Text to replace the word \"article\", usually \"section\"", "type": "line", "autovalue": "section", "example": "section" }, "nocat": { "label": "No category", "description": "Suppress categorization", "type": "string", "autovalue": "true", "example": "true" } }, "paramOrder": [ "date", "reason", "talk", "small", "1", "nocat" ] } </templatedata> == Categorization == This template will add pages on which it is used to a specific category [[:Category:Articles needing cleanup]] containing pages needing cleanup or a dated subcategory thereof. === Tracking categories === * {{clc|All pages needing cleanup}} For tracking purposes it also categorises the page according to whether a reason code has been given. == See also == * {{Tl|Cleanup AfD}} – For AfD discussions that closed as "keep", but require cleanup * {{Tl|Cleanup image}} – For images that need cleanup * {{Tl|Cleanup reorganize}} – For articles that need a reorganization in addition to cleanup * {{Tl|Cleanup see also}} – For "See also" sections * {{Tl|Cleanup merge}} – After mergers. * {{Tl|Multiple issues}} * {{Tl|Spacing}} * [[Wikipedia:Clarify the cleanup]] * [[Wikipedia:Cleanup process]] * [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup]] * ''[[Template:Cleanup template documentation see also section generic list|List of cleanup templates]]'' == Redirects == {{Columns-list|colwidth=15em| * {{Tl|Attention}} * {{Tl|Attention (on talk page)}} * {{Tl|Attention see talk}} * {{Tl|Attn}} * {{Tl|CU}} * {{Tl|Clean}} * {{Tl|Clean up}} * {{Tl|Clean-up}} * {{Tl|Cleancat}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-article}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-because}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-date}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-quality}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-reason}} * {{Tl|Cleanup-since}} * {{Tl|Clu}} * {{Tl|Cu}} * {{Tl|Improve}} * {{Tl|Index-cleanup}} * {{Tl|Quality}} * {{Tl|Tidy}} }} == Wrappers == * {{Tl|Cleanup section}} ** {{Tl|Cleanup-section}} ** {{Tl|Clean-up section}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Cleanup templates|Cleanup]] [[az:Şablon:Təmizləmə]] [[Category:Templates_that_are_not_mobile_friendly]] }}</includeonly> 5s9dp92rmzwthdu1cb8drwg6erdummi 10 11536 84617 2022-05-20T01:10:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category handler wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category handler|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> og6fhyj2ssd4fmzpqzuodk12q3cms0z 10 11537 84618 2022-05-20T01:10:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category handler/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:Category handler | {{used in system}} }} {{lua|Module:Category handler}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is the {{tl|category handler}} meta-template. It helps other templates to automate both categorization and [[Wikipedia:Category suppression|category suppression]]. Already when used with its default settings this template prevents auto-categorization in some namespaces and on some pages where we usually don't want categorization. Thus even the most basic usage like "<code><nowiki>{{category handler|[[Category:Somecat]]}}</nowiki></code>" sees to it that templates don't auto-categorize in the wrong places. This template makes it easy to choose in what namespaces a template should and should not categorize. And it makes it easy to use different categories in different namespaces. And this template uses a central blacklist where we can add pages and page types where templates should not auto-categorize. === When not to use this template === If a template only needs to categorize in one of the namespaces main (articles), file (images) or category, then using this template is overkill. Then instead use one of {{tl|main other}}, {{tl|file other}}, or {{tl|category other}}. But if your template needs to categorize in any other namespace, then we recommend you use this template, since it provides proper category suppression and makes it easy to select how to categorize in the different namespaces. === Namespaces === This template detects and groups all the different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]] used on Wikipedia into several types. These types are used as parameter names in this template. :'''main''' = Main/article space, as in normal Wikipedia articles. :'''talk''' = Any talk space, such as page names that start with "Talk:", "User talk:", "File talk:" and so on. :'''user, wikipedia, file, mediawiki, template, help, category, portal''' and '''book''' = The other namespaces except the talk pages. :'''other''' = Any namespaces that were not specified as a parameter to the template. See examples below. === Basic usage === This template takes two or more parameters. Here's an example with the full template code for an article message box: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{Ambox | text = This is a box used in articles. }}{{category handler | [[Category:Somecat]] | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!--Add categories to the /doc subpage--> </noinclude> </syntaxhighlight> The above example uses the default settings for {{tlf|category handler}}. That means the box will categorize on pages in the following namespaces: :'''main''', '''file''', '''help''', '''category''', '''portal''' and '''book''' But it will ''not'' categorize in the following namespaces: :'''talk''', '''user''', '''wikipedia''', '''mediawiki''' and '''template''' And it will ''not'' categorize on blacklisted pages. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] below.) The reason this template does not categorize in some of the namespaces is that in those namespaces most templates are just demonstrated or listed, not used. Thus most templates should not categorize in those namespaces. Any template that is meant for one or more of the namespaces where this template categorizes can use the basic syntax as shown above. === Advanced usage === This template takes one or more parameters named after the different page types as listed in section [[#Namespaces|namespaces]] above. By using those parameters you can specify exactly in which namespaces your template should categorize. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{mbox | text = This is a box for articles and talk pages. }}{{category handler | main = [[Category:Somecat1]] <!--Categorize in main (article) space--> | talk = [[Category:Somecat2]] <!--Categorize in talk space--> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> The above box will only categorize in main and talk space. But it will not categorize on /archive pages since they are blacklisted. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] below.) And if you need to demonstrate (discuss) that box on a talkpage, then you can feed "<code>nocat=true</code>" to prevent that template from categorizing. (See section [[#The_%22nocat%22_parameter|The "nocat" parameter]] below.) Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> == My new template == Hey guys, have you seen my new template? {{mytemp|nocat=true}} Nice, isn't it? --~~~~ </syntaxhighlight> Sometimes we want to use the same category in several namespaces, then do like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{mbox | text = This is a box used in several namespaces. }}{{category handler | main = [[Category:Somecat1]] | 1 = [[Category:Somecat2]] <!--For help and user space--> | help = 1 | user = 1 | talk = <!--No categories on talk pages--> | other = [[Category:Somecat3]] <!--For all other namespaces--> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> In the above example we use a numbered parameter to feed one of the categories, and then we tell this template to use that numbered parameter for both the help and user space. This template understands the numbered parameters 1 to 10. The '''other''' parameter defines what should be used in the remaining namespaces that have not explicitly been fed data. Note the empty but defined '''talk''' parameter. That stops this template from showing what has been fed to the '''other''' parameter, when in talk space. This template also has a parameter called '''all'''. It works like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="4"> {{mbox | text = This is a box used in all namespaces. }}{{category handler | all = [[Category:Somecat1]] <!--Categorize in all namespaces--> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> The above example will categorize in all namespaces, but not on blacklisted pages. If you want to demonstrate that box on a page, then use "<code>nocat=true</code>" to prevent the template from categorizing. We suggest avoiding the '''all''' parameter, since templates should preferably only categorize in the namespaces they need to. The all parameter can also be combined with the rest of the parameters. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="4"> {{mbox | text = This is a box used in all namespaces. }}{{category handler | all = [[Category:Somecat1]] <!--Categorize in all namespaces--> | main = [[Category:Somecat2]] <!--And add this in main space--> | other = [[Category:Somecat3]] <!--And add this in all other namespaces--> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> If the above box is placed on an article, then it will add the categories "Somecat1" and "Somecat2". But on all other types of pages it will instead add "Somecat1" and "Somecat3". As the example shows, the all parameter works independently of the rest of the parameters. === Subpages === This template understands the '''subpage''' parameter. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="2"> {{category handler | subpage = no <!--Don't categorize on subpages--> | wikipedia = [[Category:Somecat]] | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> If "<code>subpage=no</code>" then this template will ''not'' categorize on subpages. For the rare occasion you ''only'' want to categorize on subpages, then use "<code>subpage=only</code>". If '''subpage''' is empty or undefined then this template categorizes both on basepages and on subpages. === Blacklist === This template has a blacklist of the pages and page types where templates should not auto-categorize. Thus templates that use this meta-template will for instance not categorize on /archive pages and on the subpages of [[Wikipedia:Template messages]]. If you want a template to categorize on a blacklisted page, then feed "<code><nowiki>nocat = false</nowiki></code>" to the template when you place it on the page, thus skipping the blacklist check. Note that this template only categorizes if it has data for the namespace. For instance, if the basic syntax is used (see [[#Basic usage|basic usage]] above), then even if you set "<code>nocat = false</code>" the template will not categorize on a talk page, since it has no data for talk pages. But it has data for help space, so on a blacklisted help page it will categorize. The blacklist is in the sub-template {{tl|category handler/blacklist}}. To see or update the blacklist, go there. === The "nocat" parameter === This template understands the '''nocat''' parameter: * If "<code>nocat = true</code>" then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''nocat''' is empty or undefined then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>nocat = false</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. (See section [[#Blacklist|blacklist]] above.) Templates that use {{tlf|category handler}} should forward '''nocat''', so they too understand '''nocat'''. The code "<code><nowiki>nocat = {{{nocat|}}}</nowiki></code>" shown in the examples on this page does that. === The "categories" parameter === For backwards compatibility this template also understands the '''categories''' parameter. It works the same as '''nocat'''. Like this: * If "<code>categories = no</code>" then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''categories''' is empty or undefined then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>categories = yes</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. When adding this template to a template that already uses the "<code>categories = no</code>" logic, then you can do the following to not break any existing usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="4"> {{category handler | [[Category:Somecat]] | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | categories = {{{categories|}}} <!--So "categories=no" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> === The "category2" parameter === For backwards compatibility this template kind of supports the old "category =" parameter. But the parameter name "category" is already used in this template to feed category data for when in category space. So instead this template uses '''category2''' for the usage similar to '''nocat'''. Like this: * If "<code>category2 =</code>" (empty but defined), or "<code>category2 = no</code>", or if '''category2''' is fed any other data (except as described in the next two points), then this template does ''not'' categorize. * If '''category2''' is undefined or if "<code>category2 = ¬</code>", then this template categorizes as usual. * If "<code>category2 = yes</code>" this template categorizes even when on blacklisted pages. When adding this template to a template that already uses the "<code>category =</code>" logic, then you can do like this to not break any existing usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="4"> {{category handler | [[Category:Somecat]] | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | category2 = {{{category|¬}}} <!--So "category =" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> Note that the "<code>¬</code>" is necessary, it helps this template to detect if the '''category''' parameter is defined but empty, or undefined. === Categories and text === Besides from categories, you can feed anything else to this template, for instance some text. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> {{tmbox | text = This is a talk page message box. }}{{category handler | talk = [[Category:Somecat]] | other = :::::This template should only be used on talk pages. | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} </syntaxhighlight> When the template above is shown on anything else than a talk page, it will look like this (note the text below the box): {{tmbox | text = This is a talk page message box. | nocat = true <!--So this box doesn't add "Category:Talk message boxes"--> }}{{category handler | talk = [[Category:Somecat]] | other = :::::This template should only be used on talk pages. | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> }} That text will not show on blacklisted pages, so don't use this method to show any important information. Feeding "<code>nocat = true</code>" to the template hides the text, just as it suppresses any categories. === The "page" parameter === For testing and demonstration purposes this template can take a parameter named '''page'''. Like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="5"> {{category handler | main = Category:Some cat | talk = Category:Talk cat | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | page = User talk:Example }} </syntaxhighlight> In the above code we on purpose left out the brackets around the category names so we see the output on the page. No matter on what kind of page the code above is used it will return this: :{{category handler | main = Category:Some cat | talk = Category:Talk cat | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | page = User talk:Example }} The '''page''' parameter makes this template behave exactly as if on that page. Even the blacklist works. The pagename doesn't have to be an existing page. If the '''page''' parameter is empty or undefined, the name of the current page determines the result. You can make it so your template also understands the '''page''' parameter. That means you can test how your template will categorize on different pages, without having to actually edit those pages. Then do like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="xml" highlight="5"> {{category handler | main = Category:Some cat | talk = Category:Talk cat | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} <!--So "nocat=true/false" works--> | page = {{{page|}}} <!--For testing--> }} </syntaxhighlight> === Parameters === List of all parameters: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{category handler | [[Category:Somecat]] | subpage = no / only | 1 = ... | 10 = | all = [[Category:Somecat]] / Text | main = 1 / ... / 10 / [[Category:Somecat]] / Text ... | other = 1 / ... / 10 / [[Category:Somecat]] / Text | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} / true / false | categories = {{{categories|}}} / no / yes | category2 = {{{category|¬}}} / 'empty' / no / 'not defined' / ¬ / yes | page = {{{page|}}} / User:Example }} </syntaxhighlight> Note that empty values to the "main" ... "other" parameters have special meaning (see examples above). The "all" parameter doesn't understand numbered parameters, since there should never be a need for that. === Technical details === The centralised category suppression blacklist is in [[Module:Category handler/blacklist]]. To see or update the blacklist, go there. For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Category handler|talk page]]. === See also === * [[Wikipedia:Category suppression]] – The how-to guide. * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Category Suppression]] – The WikiProject. * [[Wikipedia:Namespace]] – Lists all the namespaces. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] }}</includeonly> n1teny6pq7px0v6q4b7qj0hibu25hnm 10 11538 84619 2022-05-20T01:10:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tmbox wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Message box|tmbox}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> jcav8pdjkvcwg8gc4m0b4gox7yjnxku 10 11539 84620 2022-05-20T01:10:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tmbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk| 2553167 |all-pages = yes}} {{Lua|Module:Message box}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Mbox templates (small)}} This is the {{tl|Tmbox}} (['''T''']alk page ['''m''']essage ['''box''']) metatemplate. This template is called by other templates to give a consistent structure and appearance to boilerplate messages used on talk pages across the project. It ''may'' be called directly on a talk page in order to present a one-off message in the same format as boilerplate messages, but this is non-standard (if a message is important enough to be presented in this form, you should consider creating a separate template so that it is easily available to other editors). Tmbox offers several different colors for different purposes, provides default images if no image parameter is given, and has some other pleasant features. This template works similarly to {{tl|Ambox}} and uses the same parameters. This template should not be used for WikiProject banners. Such banners have special programming constraints that merit their own meta-templates. See the "See also" section below for links. '''Beware that the .tmbox class [[WP:THEYCANTHEARYOU|will not display]] on mobile.''' (see [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=skins.minerva.base.styles CSS], it is hidden with display:none !important) === Suggested style standard === The types of talkpage messageboxes follow the same naming convention as the boxes for all other namespaces, but the type of any particular talkpage messagebox may not be as obvious as in other namespaces. When deciding on the type to use for a talkpage messagebox, please consider the following guidelines: * '''speedy''' should ''only'' be used for [[:Category:Speedy deletion templates|speedy deletion templates]]. * '''delete''' should ''only'' be used for templates relating to ''ongoing'' deletion discussions. Please do ''not'' use this type just to get a red border for a messagebox. * '''content''' and '''style''' should be used for warnings and alerts. Use '''content''' (which has an orange border) for more important and immediate alerts, and '''style''' (yellow border) for less important warnings. Messageboxes of these types should ideally be ''transitory'': they should not be expected to remain on a talkpage indefinitely. * '''move''' and '''protection''' should only be used for messageboxes relating to moves and merges, and page protection, respectively. * The '''notice''' type should be used for the majority of talkpage messageboxes; those that are intended to convey or summarise information. If a talkpage messagebox does not obviously fit into one of the other types, it is probably a notice type. === Usage === Simple usage example: <pre> {{tmbox | text = Some text.}} </pre> {{tmbox | text = Some text.}} Complex example: <pre> {{tmbox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} </pre> {{tmbox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px|link=|alt=]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} === Talk page message box types === The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters thus they use the default images for each type. {{tmbox | type = speedy | text = type=<u>speedy</u> – Speedy deletion templates. }} {{tmbox | type = delete | text = type=<u>delete</u> – Deletion templates. }} {{tmbox | type = content | text = type=<u>content</u> – Major warnings and problems. }} {{tmbox | type = style | text = type=<u>style</u> – Minor warnings and problems. }} {{tmbox | type = notice | text = type=<u>notice</u> – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary. }} {{tmbox | type = move | text = type=<u>move</u> – Merge, split, rename and transwiki messages and proposals. }} {{tmbox | type = protection | text = type=<u>protection</u> – Protection templates. }} === Special === Some other parameter combinations. {{tmbox | text = No type and no image given ('''default''') }} {{tmbox | image = none | text = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area. }} {{tmbox | image = [[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]] | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]] | text = image = <nowiki>[[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]</nowiki> <br> imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> }} === Parameters === List of all parameters: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{tmbox | name = name of the template | type = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection | image = none / [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | imageright = [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | style = CSS values | textstyle = CSS values | plainlinks = no | text = The message body text. | small = {{{small|}}} / yes | smallimage = none / [[File:Some image.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none / [[File:Some image.svg|30px]] | smalltext = A shorter message body text. }} </syntaxhighlight> ; name :(Optional) Name of the template. This adds a CSS class with name <code>box-''name''</code> to the HTML element, for use by bots or scripts. ; type :If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a gray border. ; image :'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: ::{{code|lang=moin|1=image = [[File:Crystal package settings.png|40px]]}} :'''none''' = Means that no image is used. ;{{Vanchor|imageright}} :'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: ::{{code|lang=moin|1=imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]}} :'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side. ; style :Optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] values used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks <code>" "</code> but with the ending semicolons <code>;</code>. For example: ::{{code|1=style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;}} ; textstyle :Optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] values used by the text cell. For example: ::{{code|1=textstyle = text-align: center;}} ; plainlinks :Normally on Wikipedia, external links have an arrow icon next to them, like this: [http://www.example.com Example.com]. However, in message boxes, the arrow icon is suppressed by default, like this: <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.example.com Example.com]</span>. To get the normal style of external link with the arrow icon, use {{para|plainlinks|no}}. ; text :The message body text. ==== The small parameters ==== {{tmbox | small = yes | text = small = yes }} {{tmbox | type = style | small = yes | text = type = style <br> small = yes }} ; small :'''yes''' = Makes it a smaller right floating message box. This also makes the default images smaller. Note that any data fed to the '''smallimage''', '''smallimageright''' and '''smalltext''' parameters is only used if "small=yes". To make it so your template also understands the small parameter you can use this code: ::{{code|lang=moin|1=small = {{{small|}}} }} {{tmbox | small = yes | image = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]] | smallimage = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|30px]] | text = small = yes <br> image = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> <br> smallimage = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|30px]]</nowiki> }} ; smallimage :'''No parameter''' = If no '''smallimage''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''image''' parameter. If the '''image''' parameter also is empty then a small default image is used. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 30px width is usually about right. For example: ::{{code|lang=moin|1=smallimage = [[File:Crystal package settings.png|30px]]}} :'''none''' = Means that no image is used. This overrides any image fed to '''image''', when "small=yes". {{tmbox | small = yes | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]] | text = small = yes <br> imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> }} {{tmbox | small = yes | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none | text = small = yes <br> imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> <br> smallimageright = none }} ; smallimageright :'''No parameter''' = If no '''smallimageright''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''imageright''' parameter. If the '''imageright''' parameter also is empty then no image is shown on the right side. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 30px width is usually about right. For example: ::{{code|lang=moin|1=smallimageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|30px]]}} :'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side. :'''none''' = Means that no right side image is used. This overrides any image fed to '''imageright''', when "small=yes". ; smalltext :A shorter version of the message body text. If no '''smalltext''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''text''' parameter. === Technical details === If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="tid"> {{tmbox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} </syntaxhighlight > {{tmbox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} This template uses the tmbox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable. This template calls [[Module:Message box]] which holds most of the code for {{tl|tmbox}}, while {{tl|tmbox}} itself does parameter preprocessing. Internally this meta-template uses HTML markup instead of wiki markup for the table code. That is the usual way we make meta-templates since wiki markup has several drawbacks. For instance it makes it harder to use [[m:Help:ParserFunctions|parser functions]] and special characters in parameters. For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Tmbox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|imbox}}, {{tl|cmbox}} and {{tl|ombox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details. === See also === Similar templates: * {{tl|Notice}} {{Mbox templates see also}} Other pages: * [[Wikipedia:Talk page templates]] – The guideline specifying the styles for talk page message boxes. WikiProject banners: * {{tl|WikiProject banner shell}} and {{tl|WPBannerMeta}} – A system for collapsing, wrapping and creating WikiProject banners. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates]] [[Category:Talk namespace templates| ]] }}</includeonly> kuu4jks68tny8g2w28qdlh4gn9vi3j5 10 11540 84621 2022-05-20T01:11:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Vanchor wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Visible anchor]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} g7xfvnihr9dhgrbh15rqx7dgccvj82k 10 11541 84622 2022-05-20T01:11:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Visible anchor wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Visible anchor/styles.css" /><span class="vanchor"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<span id="{{{1}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<span id="{{{2}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<span id="{{{3}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<span id="{{{4}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|<span id="{{{5}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|<span id="{{{6}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|<span id="{{{7}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|<span id="{{{8}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|<span id="{{{9}}}"></span>}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|<span id="{{{10}}}"></span>}}<!-- --><span class="vanchor-text">{{{text|{{{1}}}}}}</span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}|<span class="error">[[Template:Visible anchor]]: too many anchors, maximum is 10.</span>}}<!-- --></span><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 909zekj4bx5iqduymemldw5kln4eht4 10 11542 84623 2022-05-20T01:11:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Visible anchor/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{tsh|visanc|vanchor}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Visible anchor/styles.css}} The template {{tnull|Visible anchor}} inserts one or more [[HTML element#Anchor|HTML anchors]] in a page. Those locations can then be linked to using <code><nowiki>[[#link|...]]</nowiki></code> syntax. Unlike {{tl|Anchor}}, the '''first parameter''' will be visible text on the page. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{visible anchor|anchor 1[|anchor 2][|text=display text]}}</nowiki></code> The template can be used with up to 10 anchor names. Anchor names are case sensitive, so <code><nowiki>{{Visible anchor|Anchor name 1}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{Visible anchor|Anchor Name 1}}</nowiki></code> are not equivalent. When making an anchor, in general capitalize the first letter of the anchor name, and follow the same capitalization guidelines as headers (see [[MOS:HEAD|Manual of Style: Headers]] for more information). An optional {{para|text}} parameter can be added in order to specify the text to display in the anchor. By default, the value of the first parameter is used. The redirect {{tl|vanchor}} can also be used. ===Linking to anchors=== Link to an anchor in the same article using just the anchor name, e.g. <code><nowiki>[[#Anchor name]]</nowiki></code>. (In the Visual Editor, type <code>#Anchor name</code> into the link field.) From a different article, link to an anchor by specifying the article name, followed by a <code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>, then the anchor name. e.g. <code><nowiki>[[Article name#Anchor name]]</nowiki></code>. The <code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code> will be visible in the link text. To prevent this, give the link a display title in the typical manner: After a pipe character (<code>|</code>) in the wikitext (<code><nowiki>[[#Anchor name|Anchor name]]</nowiki></code>), or by editing the text of the link in the Visual Editor. ===Destination highlighting=== When a link to an anchor is followed, the destination anchor's visible text will typically be highlighted with a shaded background. (May vary based on the reader's browser or selected wiki skin.) For example:<blockquote>''{{vanchor|this|text=This text anchor}}'' will be highlighted after following [[#this|this link which targets it]].</blockquote> == Examples == {| class="wikitable"1 ! Code ! Result ! Link |- | <code><nowiki>{{vanchor|Foo}}</nowiki></code> | {{vanchor|Foo}} | [[#Foo]] |- | <code><nowiki>{{vanchor|Bar|Baz}}</nowiki></code> | {{vanchor|Bar|Baz}} | [[#Bar]], [[#Baz]] |- | <code><nowiki>{{vanchor|Qux|text=This is the text that will be displayed.}}</nowiki></code> | {{vanchor|Qux|text=This is the text that will be displayed.}} | [[#Qux]] |} == Limitations == {|class="wikitable floatright" |--- ! Character ! [[Character entity reference|Code]] ! Template ! Meaning |--- | &#22; | <code>&amp;quot;</code> <br /><code>&amp;#34;</code> | {{N/a}} | (double)&nbsp;[[quotation mark]] |--- | &#35; | <code>&amp;#35;</code> | {{N/a}} | [[Number sign|hash]] |--- | &#124; | <code>&amp;#124;</code> | {{tl|!}} | [[Vertical bar|pipe]] |--- | &#61; | <code>&amp;#61;</code> | {{tl|{{=}}}} | [[Equals sign|equals]] |} * {{strong|This template should not be used within section headings.}} Doing so will result in broken links in edit summaries, as well as possible duplicate anchors (see below). * Anchor names should be unique on a page, and should not duplicate any heading titles. Duplicate anchors won't work as expected since the #links go to the first anchor with that name. Duplicate anchors also result in invalid HTML; you can check for duplicate anchors by running the page through the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]. * Anchor names that contain any character shown in the table on the right will not work as expected. However, any of these characters can be replaced with the "&amp;#" codes shown for them here. Or, the pipe symbol and equals sign can be worked around with {{tl|!}} and {{tl|{{=}}}}, respectively. Markup code such as {{tag|sup|o}} and {{tag|sub|o}} (superscript and subscript) cannot be used. Most other characters, including white space and punctuation, are not a problem. * The template can create a maximum of 10 anchors. Specifying more than 10 anchors will result in an error message. * If positional parameters (parameters without specifying 1=, 2=, etc.) are used, whitespace and newlines will be preserved. If you instead specify the name of the parameters (e.g. {{para|1}}) whitespace and newlines will be trimmed. == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Anchor name, and text to display", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting; you can put formatting in the \"text\" parameter instead.", "example": "start-of-content", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Second anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "Third anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "4": { "label": "Fourth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "5": { "label": "Fifth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "6": { "label": "Sixth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "7": { "label": "Seventh anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "8": { "label": "Eighth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "9": { "label": "Ninth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "10": { "label": "Tenth anchor name", "description": "This will become an anchor. The characters \", #, | and = must be escaped; see the main template page for details. Do not try to use formatting.", "type": "string" }, "text": { "label": "Display text", "description": "Overrides the display of parameter 1, but is not an anchor name. May be formatted.", "example": "Properties of CO<sub>2</sub>", "type": "content", "suggested": true } }, "description": "The template {{Visible anchor}} inserts one or more HTML anchors in a page. Those locations can then be linked to using [[#link|...]] syntax. Unlike {{Anchor}}, the first parameter will be visible text on the page." } </templatedata> == Aliases == * {{tl|visanc}} * {{tl|vanchor}} == See also == * {{tl|Anchor}} * {{tl|Anchored list}} * {{tl|Shortcut}} * [[Help:Link#Section linking (anchors)|Help:Link §&nbsp;Section linking (anchors)]] (Shortcut: [[WP:ANCHOR]]) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> lhiir8grhun4094azn6y5f2vb4nfys2 10 11543 84624 2022-05-20T01:12:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Visible anchor/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .vanchor > :target ~ .vanchor-text { background-color: #b1d2ff; } 1dkd3nlu00lvx94qkoebricch03p7yq 10 11544 84625 2022-05-20T01:13:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mbox templates see also wikitext text/x-wiki <div>{{view|Template:Mbox templates see also|edit|brackets=yes}} There are seven metatemplates in the [[Module:Message box]] family:</div> * {{tl|Ambox}}, for messageboxes on article pages. * {{tl|Cmbox}}, for messageboxes on category pages. * {{tl|Imbox}}, for messageboxes on file (image) pages. * {{tl|Tmbox}}, for messageboxes on talk pages. * {{tl|Fmbox}}, for header and footer messageboxes. * {{tl|Ombox}}, for messageboxes on other types of page. * {{tl|Mbox}}, for messageboxes that are used in different [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespaces]] and change their presentation accordingly. Closely related metatemplates: * {{tl|Asbox}}, for messageboxes in article stubs. * {{tl|Dmbox}}, for messageboxes on disambiguation or set-index pages. * {{tla|Ivory messagebox|Ivmbox}}, a simple full-width box with default ivory background intended to frame important messages or notices.<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lwh76cpc8zlixr4hrg01lznwuiq9e4o 10 11545 84626 2022-05-20T01:13:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Mbox templates see also/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This is the {{tl|Mbox templates see also}} template. It is used in the "See also" section of the documentation for templates in {{c|Mbox and messagebox templates|the Mbox family}} (e.g. {{tl|Ambox}}). It takes no parameters. ===See also=== * {{tl|Mbox templates (small)}}, a small version of this template placed at the start of Mbox-family templates' documentation. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> fwesure2h0eq1rdi3a7j6jsx192zbvn 10 11546 84627 2022-05-20T01:15:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:DMC wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[Template:Dated maintenance category]] d69he2ntczr33o7m5yw89oexybqxqce 10 11547 84628 2022-05-20T01:15:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:SUBJECTSPACE formatted wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:0}} = article | {{ns:4}} = Wikipedia page | {{ns:2}} | {{ns:12}} = {{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page | #default = {{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 9ae6s1q65qparzetdf0woikw8gehejp 10 11548 84629 2022-05-20T01:15:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:SUBJECTSPACE formatted/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{high-use|35368}} == Usage == This template returns a descriptor for the SUBJECTSPACE formatted for inclusion in a sentence of text. It applies the correct capitalization for midsentence appearance, returns "article" if the subjectspace is main, and adds "page" if grammatically correct.<!-- == See also == --><includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] [[as:Template:SUBJECTSPACE formatted]] [[ms:Templat:SUBJECTSPACE formatted]] [[sl:Predloga:SUBJECTSPACE formatiran]] }}</includeonly> 1nqsvo8hiqojtho8fxs432jajv76ydy 10 11549 84630 2022-05-20T01:16:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dc2 wikitext text/x-wiki <del class="deprecated-content {{{class|}}}" style="color:{{#if:{{{red|}}}|#B26F5A|#A9A9A9}}; text-decoration:line-through; {{#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}|}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}|}}" {{#if:{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}|title="{{{title|{{{2}}}}}}"|}}><span style="color:{{#if:{{{red|}}}|#8B0000|#696969}};">{{{1}}}</span></del><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> 7no3w2vbfj15r2ujp5ly843h1v94kvc 10 11550 84631 2022-05-20T01:16:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dc2/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage|[[Template:Deprecated code]] ([[Template:Dc]]) and [[Template:Dc2]]}} {{Template shortcut|dc}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == The {{tlx|deprecated code}} template (easiest used from its '''{{tlx|dc}}''' redirect) can be used to indicate, e.g. in template documentation or Wikipedia articles on things like HTML specifications, code that has been [[Deprecation|deprecated]] and should not normally be used. It can also be used to indicate other deleted or deprecated material. On the technical level it is a CSS-styled {{tag|del}} that greys out the text (the near-universal sign in computing and computing documentation for "doesn't work", "don't do this", "bad code", "ignore", "option not available", etc.), and removes that element's usual strikethrough (CSS: "line-through") rendering, which makes the content hard to read. If you really want that line-through, use the '''{{tlx|dc2}}''' (AKA '''{{tlx|dcs}}''') variant {{dc2|to do this}}; it is otherwise identical. {{strong|Note: This template does not apply a monospaced font.}} This is so that it can be used inside an existing code (or non-code) block and inherit its font style. If necessary, wrap the template in one of {{tag|code}} (source code), {{tag|kbd}} (example input), or {{tag|samp}} (example output) as [[Semantic HTML|semantically]] appropriate. If you want monospace without semantic markup like {{tag|code|o}}, you can use the alternative templates {{tlx|mxtd}}: {{mxtd}}, or {{tlx|!mxt}}: {{!mxt}}. ===Parameters=== *{{para|1}} &nbsp; the content to be marked as deprecated *{{para|2}} or {{para|title}} a mouse-over "tooltip" (in some browsers, anyway), e.g. for briefly explaining the deprecation, e.g. "Deprecated since HTML 3.0" or "Breaks infobox formatting" *{{para|red|y}} &nbsp; make the text red instead of grey, for indicating dangerous/error/forbidden things (a shortcut for this is '''{{tlx|dcr}}''') *{{para|class}} &nbsp; assign a CSS class *{{para|id}} &nbsp; assign an HTML ID for #linking and other purposes (must be unique on the page and start with an alphabetic letter) *{{para|style}} &nbsp; add additional CSS styling (can be used to add {{code|lang=css|code=text-decoration:line-through;}} back in if you want that formatting; a shortcut for this is '''{{tlx|dc2}}''' or '''{{tlx|dcs}}''') ===Examples=== *<code><nowiki>{{dc|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dc|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dcr|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dcr|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dc2|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dc2|deprecated}} *<code><nowiki>{{dcs|deprecated}}</nowiki></code> yields: {{dcs|deprecated}} == See also == * {{tlx|xtd}} and [[Template:Xt/see also|related templates]] for indicating deprecated, good, bad, and neutral examples in guidelines, how-tos, and template documentation. ** {{tlx|mxtd}} in this template group ({{mxtd|example output here}}) is an alternative to {{tlx|dc}}. ** {{tlx|!mxt}} in this template group ({{!mxt|example output here}}) is an alternative to {{tlx|dcr}}. * {{tlx|strongbad}} – for introducing something as deprecated or issuing some other warning in documentation, e.g.: {{tlx|strongbad|Not for use in mainspace.}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}</includeonly> 8kmdg8pkam6ajp2nfsnbwpbvwa1lvq2 10 11551 84632 2022-05-20T01:17:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dcs wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Dc2]] aw52rh091x2eo5hmy1gka2sjy43ytps 10 11552 84633 2022-05-20T01:17:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Key top wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="border: 0.1em solid #AAA; border-radius:0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.2em 0.2em #DDD; background-color: #F9F9F9; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #EEE, #F9F9F9, #EEE); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em;">{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} | shift lock = [[Shift Lock|⇪ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | second level lock | 2nd level lock | l2 lock | level 2 lock = ⇫ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | capitals lock | caps lock = [[Caps Lock|⇬ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | numeric lock = ⇭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | num | num lock = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ⇩ | third level lock | 3rd level lock | l3 lock | level 3 lock = ⇯ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | generalized lock | generalised lock | lock | general lock = ⇩ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | group lock = ⇰ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | scrolling | scrolling lock = ⇳ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | scroll | scroll lock = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ⇩ | pause = ⎉ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | break = ⎊ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- sleep ☾, hibernate, power ⌽, suspend | sysrq | sysreq | system request = {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} --> <!-- level and group switching, modifiers --> | second level | 2nd level | level 2 select | level 2 selector | level 2 | shift = [[Shift key|⇧ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | alternate graphic | alt graph | alt graphic | alt grill | alt car | alt char | right alt | ralt | alt group | alternate group | altgroup | altgr | alt gr | third level | 3rd level | level 3 select | level 3 selector | level 3 = [[AltGr key|⇮ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | group select | group selector | group = ⇨ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- Enter and Return --> | enter = [[Enter key|⌅ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | return = [[Return key|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|thin|narrow=↵|thick|hollow=⏎|bend||#default=↩}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | submit | send = ⎆ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- Option and Alt --> | opt | option = [[Option key|⌥ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | alternate | left alt | lalt | alt = [[Alt key|⎇ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Pre-IBM keys --> | greek = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | top = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | front = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | super = [[Super key (keyboard button)|❖ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | hyper = [[Space-cadet keyboard|✦ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | repeat = [[Space-cadet keyboard|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | code = [[MSX|⌃ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | graph = [[MSX|⎇ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | meta = [[Meta key|◆ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Laptop keys --> | function | fn = [[Fn key|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- deleting and erasing --> | backwards erase | erase | backspace = [[Backspace|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⟵|⌫}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | del | delete = [[Delete|⌦ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | ins | insert = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|⎀|⌤}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- ! --> | clear input = ⌧ {{{2|Clear}}} <!-- ! --> <!-- Escape --> | esc | escape = [[Escape key|⎋ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Control (symbol either ISO ⎈ or Apple ⌃) --> | ctrl | control | helm = [[Control key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⎈|⌃}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Vendor keys, Command (⊞ resembles the Windows logo) --> | os | vendor | cmd | command = [[Command key|⌘ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | windows | win = [[Windows key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|⊞|⌘}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | apple = [[Command key|⌘ {{{2|}}}]] <!--▤--> | menu = [[Menu key|≣ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- Compose --> | cmp | compose = [[Compose key|⎄ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] <!-- arrow cursor movement --> | /\ = ⇡ {{{2|Up}}} | up | up arrow | move up = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔼|↑}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | \/ = ⇣ {{{2|Down}}} | down | down arrow | move down = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔽|↓}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | <- = ⇠ {{{2|Left}}} | left | left arrow | move left = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|◀|←}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | -> = ⇢ {{{2|Right}}} | right | right arrow | move right = [[Arrow keys|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|▶|→}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | north west | north-west | nw | <\ | top-left | top left = ↖ | south east | south-east | se | \> | bottom-right | bottom right = ↘ | north east | north-east | ne | /> | top-right | top right = ↗ | south west | south-west | sw | </ | bottom-left | bottom left = ↙ <!-- tab --> | tabulator | htab | horizontal tab | horizontal tabulator | tab = [[Tab key|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}} ↹]] | right tab = [[Tab key|{{{2|Tab}}} ⇥]] <!-- ! --> | shift tab | left tab = [[Tab key|⇤ {{{2|Tab}}}]] <!-- ! --> | vertical tab | vertical tabulator = ↨ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!--Home/End--> | pos1 | start | home = [[Home key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|↖|⇱}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | end = [[End key|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|↘|⇲}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | line start = ⇤ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | line end = ⇥ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | page start | top = ⤒ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | page end | bottom = ⤓ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- paged media --> | page up | pgup | pg up = [[Page Up and Page Down keys|⇞ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | page down | pgdn | pgdown | pg down = [[Page Up and Page Down keys|⇟ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] | left page | prev page | prev. page = ⎗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | previous page = ⎗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | right page | next page = ⎘ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- screen, note “clear input” ⌧ --> | prtscr | prt scr | prtsc | prt sc | print, print screen = ⎙ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | clrscr | clr scr | cls | clr sc | clear | clear screen = ⎚ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- multimedia control; possible inconsistencies --> | play | playback | start playback | scroll right = ▶ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | play reverse | reverse | scroll left = ◀ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | play/pause | play pause = ⏯ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | pause | pause playback = ‖ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | stop = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|◼|■}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | eject = ⏏ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | record = {{#if:{{{3|}}}|🔴|●}} {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | fwd | forward = ⏭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip | skip forward = ⏭ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip back | skip backward = ⏮ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | backward | backwards | rewind = ⏪ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | ffad | fast forward = ⏩ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | downward | downwards = ⏬ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip down | scroll down = 🔽 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | upward | upwards = ⏫ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | skip up | scroll up = 🔼 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | random | randomize | rnd | rand = 🔀 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | repeat | rpt = 🔁 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | repeat once | rpt1 = 🔂 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | reload | refresh = 🔄 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | reception = 📶 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | mute = 🔇 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | volume down | quieter = 🔉 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | volume up | louder = 🔊 {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | home | house = ⌂ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- telephones and other telematic devices, also numpad --> | initiator | phone star = ✲ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | terminator | phone hash = ⌗ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | times | multiply | num star = × {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | divide | num slash = ÷ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- spaces → | space | sp | space bar = ␣ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} | nbsp | non-breaking space = ⍽ {{{2|{{{1}}}}}} <!-- problematic characters --> | asterisk | star | * = <nowiki>*</nowiki> | hash | hash sign | pound | pound sign | # = [[Number sign|#]] | colon | : = [[Colon (punctuation)|:]] | pipe symbol | vertical bar | pipe = [[Pipe symbol|{{!}}]] | semicolon = <nowiki>;</nowiki> | equals = <nowiki>=</nowiki> <!-- PlayStation --> | ex = × | circle = ○ | square = □ | triangle = △ <!-- default --> | #default = {{{1}}} }}</kbd></onlyinclude><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis links to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> ra4nug9wpyu0ot7oo46vdu4gs699bxb 10 11553 84634 2022-05-20T01:17:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Key top/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This template renders a key top as found on typewriters and computer keyboards including a standardized or common symbol if available, e.g. from [[ISO/IEC 9995|ISO/IEC 9995-7]]. Keys for which there is an associated Wikipedia article are rendered with a hyperlink. Unlike {{tlx|key press}}, this template is not intended to be used for combinations of multiple keys, i.e. “keyboard shortcuts”. It shall be used in descriptions of the physical keys and their functions. The first, mandatory parameter holds the “natural” key name which is used to select a symbol and link. Its contents is usually also output unchanged next to the symbol unless the second parameter is set to an explicit label, which most often will be blank to suppress the label. The third, also optional parameter, is a binary switch that toggles alternate representations of a very limited selection of symbols: {{key top|ctrl|}} vs. {{key top|ctrl||wheel}}, {{key top|return|}} vs. {{key top|return||narrow}} vs. {{key top|return||hollow}}, {{key top|ins|}} vs. {{key top|ins||letter}}, {{key top|stop|}} vs. {{key top|stop||big}} and {{key top|record|}} vs. {{key top|record||red}}. == Examples == : {{tc|key top|return}} → {{key top|return}} : {{tc|key top|Return}} → {{key top|Return}} : {{tc|key top|RETURN}} → {{key top|RETURN}} : {{tc|key top|Return{{!}}}} → {{key top|Return|}} : {{tc|key top|Enter}} → {{key top|Enter}} : {{tc|key top|Return|Enter}} → {{key top|Return|Enter}} : {{tc|key top|Return{{!}}{{!}}}} → {{key top|Return||}} : {{tc|key top|Return||true}} → {{key top|Return||true}} : {{tc|key top|Return||narrow}} → {{key top|Return||narrow}} : {{tc|key top|Return||hollow}} → {{key top|Return||hollow}} : {{tc|key top|Return||thin}} → {{key top|Return||thin}} : {{tc|key top|Return||thick}} → {{key top|Return||thick}} : {{tc|key top|Return|Return|narrow}} → {{key top|Return|Return|narrow}} : {{tc|key top|Ctrl}} → {{key top|Ctrl}} : {{tc|key top|Ctrl|3{{=}}true}} → {{key top|Ctrl|3=true}} : {{tc|key top|Alt}} → {{key top|Alt}} : {{tc|key top|Option}} → {{key top|Option}} : {{tc|key top|Option|Alt}} → {{key top|Option|Alt}} : {{tc|key top|Windows}} → {{key top|Windows}} : {{tc|key top|Command}} → {{key top|Command}} : {{tc|key top|Meta}} → {{key top|Meta}} : {{tc|key top|Super}} → {{key top|Super}} : {{tc|key top|Windows|3{{=}}true}} → {{key top|Windows|3=true}} : {{tc|key top|Super|Windows}} → {{key top|Super|Windows}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {"description": "The standard or common name of the key.", "label": "name", "type": "line", "example": "Shift", "required": true}, "2": {"description": "Label for the key if different from the name, leave empty to suppress label.", "label": "label", "type": "line", "example": "Level 2 Select", "required": false}, "3": {"description": "Switch for certain alternate symbols (return, control, insert, stop, record)", "label": "alternate symbol", "type": "boolean", "example": "true", "required": false} }, "description": "Display symbolic key tops as seen on computer keyboards, phones and typewriters." } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tlx|Key press}} – produces a similar visual effect, but includes fewer symbols while directly supporting combinations (e.g. {{key press|Ctrl|x}}) * {{tlx|Button}} – produces a similar visual effect but without the semantic markup (e.g. {{Button|sample text}}); more for representing interface elements. * {{tlx|Playstation key press}} – to simulate gamepad buttons (e.g. {{tlx|Playstation key press|s}}) * {{tlx|Kbd}} – to indicate user input (of any kind) without making it look like keys or buttons <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Computer keys|τ]] }}</includeonly> ey79jrsz0u5mlo3i5jyhj1saypi4857 10 11554 84635 2022-05-20T01:18:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tc wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Template link code]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] <!--but not e.g. [[:Category:Internal template-link templates]], as this template does not link to a template--> <!-- "Tlc" would imply "[[Template:Tl|[T]emplate [l]ink]] in <[c]ode> font"&nbsp;– except [[Template:Tlc]] doesn't (as of August 2014) include a link. Hence this "Tc" redirect. --> 0d6r2t3jvp9rejsxuxpy8w3t58k193h 828 11555 84636 2022-05-20T01:18:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Key Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{key press}}. local kbdPrefix = '<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">' local kbdSuffix = '</kbd>' local keyText = { ['caps lock'] = '⇪ Caps Lock', ['[[caps lock]]'] = '⇪ [[Caps Lock]]', ['shift'] = '⇧ Shift', ['[[shift key|shift]]'] = '⇧ [[Shift key|Shift]]', ['enter'] = '↵ Enter', ['[[enter key|enter]]'] = '↵ [[Enter key|Enter]]', ['cmd'] = '⌘ Cmd', ['[[command key|cmd]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Cmd]]', ['command'] = '⌘ Command', ['[[command key|command]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Command]]', ['opt'] = '⌥ Opt', ['[[option key|opt]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Opt]]', ['option'] = '⌥ Option', ['[[option key|option]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Option]]', ['tab'] = 'Tab ↹', ['[[tab key|tab]]'] = '[[Tab key|Tab]] ↹', ['backspace'] = '← Backspace', ['[[backspace]]'] = '← [[Backspace]]', ['win'] = '⊞ Win', ['[[windows key|win]]'] = '⊞ [[Windows key|Win]]', ['menu'] = '≣ Menu', ['[[menu key|menu]]'] = '≣ [[Menu key|Menu]]', ['up'] = '↑', ['[[arrow keys|up]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|↑]]', ['down'] = '↓', ['[[arrow keys|down]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|↓]]', ['left'] = '←', ['[[arrow keys|left]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|←]]', ['right'] = '→', ['[[arrow keys|right]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|→]]', ['asterisk'] = '&#42;', ['hash'] = '&#35;', ['[[#]]'] = '[[Number sign|#]]', ['colon'] = '&#58;', ['[[:]]'] = '[[Colon (punctuation)|:]]', ['pipe'] = '&#124;', ['[[|]]'] = '[[Pipe symbol|&#124;]]', ['semicolon'] = '&#59;', ['[[;]]'] = '[[Semi-colon|&#59;]]', ['equals'] = '&#61;', -- Left & right analog sticks. ['l up'] = 'L↑', ['l down'] = 'L↓', ['l left'] = 'L←', ['l right'] = 'L→', ['l ne'] = 'L↗', ['l se'] = 'L↘', ['l nw'] = 'L↖', ['l sw'] = 'L↙', ['r up'] = 'R↑', ['r down'] = 'R↓', ['r left'] = 'R←', ['r right'] = 'R→', ['r ne'] = 'R↗', ['r se'] = 'R↘', ['r nw'] = 'R↖', ['r sw'] = 'R↙', -- PlayStation. ['ex'] = '×', ['circle'] = '○', ['square'] = '□', ['triangle'] = '△', -- Nintendo 64 and GameCube. ['c up'] = 'C↑', ['c down'] = 'C↓', ['c left'] = 'C←', ['c right'] = 'C→', ['c ne'] = 'C↗', ['c se'] = 'C↘', ['c nw'] = 'C↖', ['c sw'] = 'C↙', } local keyAlias = { -- ['alternate name for key (alias)'] = 'name for key used in key table' ['[[cmd key|cmd]]'] = '[[command key|cmd]]', ['[[cmd key|command]]'] = '[[command key|command]]', ['[[opt key|opt]]'] = '[[option key|opt]]', ['[[option key]]'] = '[[option key|option]]', ['[[opt key|option]]'] = '[[option key|option]]', ['[[win key|win]]'] = '[[windows key|win]]', ['*'] = 'asterisk', ['#'] = 'hash', [':'] = 'colon', [';'] = 'semicolon', ['l-up'] = 'l up', ['l-down'] = 'l down', ['l-left'] = 'l left', ['l-right'] = 'l right', ['l-ne'] = 'l ne', ['l-se'] = 'l se', ['l-nw'] = 'l nw', ['l-sw'] = 'l sw', ['r-up'] = 'r up', ['r-down'] = 'r down', ['r-left'] = 'r left', ['r-right'] = 'r right', ['r-ne'] = 'r ne', ['r-se'] = 'r se', ['r-nw'] = 'r nw', ['r-sw'] = 'r sw', ['ps x'] = 'ex', ['ps c'] = 'circle', ['ps s'] = 'square', ['ps t'] = 'triangle', ['c-up'] = 'c up', ['c-down'] = 'c down', ['c-left'] = 'c left', ['c-right'] = 'c right', ['c-ne'] = 'c ne', ['c-se'] = 'c se', ['c-nw'] = 'c nw', ['c-sw'] = 'c sw', } local Collection = {} Collection.__index = Collection do function Collection:add(item) if item ~= nil then self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end end function Collection:join(sep) return table.concat(self, sep) end function Collection:sort(comp) table.sort(self, comp) end function Collection.new() return setmetatable({n = 0}, Collection) end end local function keyPress(args) local chainNames = { 'chain first', 'chain second', 'chain third', 'chain fourth', 'chain fifth', 'chain sixth', 'chain seventh', 'chain eighth', 'chain ninth', } local result = Collection.new() local chainDefault = args.chain or '+' for i, id in ipairs(args) do if i > 1 then result:add(args[chainNames[i - 1]] or chainDefault) end local lc = id:lower() local text = keyText[lc] or keyText[keyAlias[lc]] or id result:add(kbdPrefix .. text .. kbdSuffix) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Template:Key press/styles.css'} } .. result:join() end local function keypress(frame) -- Called by "{{key press|...}}". -- Using the template doubles the post‐expand include size. return keyPress(frame:getParent().args) end local function press(frame) -- Called by "{{#invoke:key|press|...}}". return keyPress(frame.args) end return { keypress = keypress, press = press, } dsj5a5986yf1b9d1av9u7wdz0fptyrs 828 11556 84637 2022-05-20T01:19:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Key/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} Implements {{tl|key press}} qcm150xcnxwh05tktiu4gn02wn6xbuc 10 11557 84638 2022-05-20T01:19:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Key press/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .keyboard-key { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, #eee, #f9f9f9, #eee); color: #000; /* Force black color to fix [[phab:T200258]] */ padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; } keqv2y3bd3mmhkh9jhshrmct3kxjoih 10 11558 84639 2022-05-20T01:20:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lower wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="position: relative; top: {{safesubst<noinclude />:#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1}}}|0.6em}};">{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gd1pwfbc8aqt580v0b813c3xkb43r15 10 11559 84640 2022-05-20T01:20:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lower/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> Use to lower some text or other element a specified number of units –&nbsp;the proportional "[[Em (typography)|em]]" units are recommended&nbsp;– otherwise by a default 0.6em: : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lower|''N''em|''text''/''element''}}</code> to lower by ''N''&nbsp;em units &nbsp;(e.g. <nowiki>{{lower|0.4em|This is the text to lower.}}</nowiki>) : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lower|''text''/''element''}}</code> to lower by the default amount. Can be useful e.g. to position <nowiki><ref></nowiki>erence links (footnote links) appearing in tables without any preceding text (cf. {{tl|Infobox ethnic group}}). == See also == * {{tl|Raise}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Positioning templates]] }}</includeonly> 6o2yqnqsm9tgz9131b42nkpb07eq0z4 10 11560 84641 2022-05-20T01:21:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:PlayStation key press wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{lc:{{{1|x}}}}} |o|0|circle = <kbd class="playstation-key nowrap" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-radius:1.5em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 3.5px grey; background-image:radial-gradient(#4C4C4C, black); padding:0.1em 0.4em; font-size:1.25em; font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit; color: tomato">'''⭕'''</kbd> |x = <kbd class="playstation-key nowrap" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-radius:1.5em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 3.5px grey; background-image:radial-gradient(#4C4C4C, black); padding:0.1em 0.4em; font-size:1.25em; font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit; color: lightblue">'''✕'''</kbd> |a|t|tr|triangle|∆|△ = <kbd class="playstation-key nowrap" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-radius:1.5em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 3.5px grey; background-image:radial-gradient(#4C4C4C, black); padding:0.1em 0.4em; font-size:1.25em; font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit; color: lightgreen">'''△'''</kbd> |s|sq|square|□ = <kbd class="playstation-key nowrap" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-radius:1.5em; box-shadow: 0px 0px 3.5px grey; background-image:radial-gradient(#4C4C4C, black); padding:0.1em 0.4em; font-size:1.25em; font-weight:bold; font-family:inherit; color: pink">'''☐'''</kbd> }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage - thanks! --> </noinclude> 3dy31w3nn4kkhri5ewji3enuk0ne43p 10 11561 84642 2022-05-20T01:21:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:PlayStation key press/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Template shortcut|Pskeypress}} This template (and its more concise {{tlx|pskeypress}} shortcut, or {{tlx|gamepad key press}} genericized alias) can be used to indicate key presses on PlayStation-style controllers. It simulates the appearance of PS gamepad keys entirely in [[Cascading style sheets|CSS]], without having to resort to images, which the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Avoid entering textual information as images|Manual of Style]] discourages for accessibility reasons. === Usage === * <code><nowiki>{{PlayStation key press|X}}</nowiki></code> gives {{PlayStation key press|X}} * <code><nowiki>{{PlayStation key press|O}}</nowiki></code> gives {{PlayStation key press|O}} * <code><nowiki>{{PlayStation key press|square}}</nowiki></code> gives {{PlayStation key press|square}} * <code><nowiki>{{PlayStation key press|triangle}}</nowiki></code> gives {{PlayStation key press|triangle}} === See also === * {{tlx|Key press}} – to depict key presses on a computer keyboard, including key combinations (e.g. {{key press|Ctrl|x}}) * {{tlx|Key top}} – produces a similar visual effect, but includes more symbols and does not directly support key chaining (e.g. {{key top|Caps Lock}}) * {{tlx|Button}} – produces a similar visual effect but without the semantic markup (e.g. {{Button|sample text}}); more for representing interface elements * {{tlx|Kbd}} – to indicate user input (of any kind) without making it look like keys or buttons (e.g. {{kbd|<sample>}}) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> <!--[[Category:Graphic templates]] - Don't add this one; it's not a graphic template, but does this all in CSS.--> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Video game console templates]] }}</includeonly> tig6hiz9j4zqp5xbyixfxi0o50dihlt 10 11562 84643 2022-05-20T01:22:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strongbad wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{FormattingError|Template:Strongbad is only for use in template documentation, guidelines and other Wikipedia-internal purposes. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|{{strong|1={{{1}}}|style=color: red; {{{style|}}} |role={{{role|}}} |class={{{class|}}} |id={{{id|}}} |title={{{title|}}} }}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> n737sp4v1ov0awhpuke3y120btko5g6 10 11563 84644 2022-05-20T01:22:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Strongbad/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == This template is used to insert a quick and easy warning or negative notice with high visibility (because it is red) on project and discussion pages (like the following sentence). {{strongbad|1=This template cannot be used in articles.}} In situations where color is not relevant (color blindness, screen readers, etc.), it renders exactly the same as {{tlx|strong}} (to which it is a CSS-styled call). This template is only for use in template documentation, guidelines, and other Wikipedia-internal purposes. It is the opposite of the {{tlx|stronggood}} template. :{{tlnull|strongbad|<var>important text</var>}} or, if the important text contains an equals sign: :{{tlnull|strongbad|'''1{{=}}'''<var>important text</var>}} These both render as: :{{strongbad|important text}} It is safest to always use the {{para|1}} syntax. This template puts intentional and explicit {{tag|strong}} (importance, seriousness, or urgency) HTML markup around the text provided as the first parameter. Because some people are color blind, and some use screen readers, this template should not be used in a manner in which only the color indicates the difference between the content being marked up and other content; it's simply a visual aid for those who can use it. ===Parameters=== ''See [[Template:Strong#Optional parameters]].'' ==See also== * {{tlx|strong}} – same but not red (same color as surrounding text, usually black) * {{tlx|stronggood}} – same but green * {{tlx|em}} – for italic rather than bold semantic emphasis<br />&nbsp; {{Xt/see also|sb=no}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Notice and warning templates]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}}}</includeonly> ob7t5kzbdks0gcdv9f7tqq96c0nuqbd 10 11564 84645 2022-05-20T01:22:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stronggood wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|{{FormattingError|Template:Stronggood is only for use in template documentation, guidelines and other Wikipedia-internal purposes. Do not use it in actual articles.}}|{{strong|1={{{1}}}|style=color:green;{{{style|}}} |role={{{role|}}} |class={{{class|}}} |id={{{id|}}} |title={{{title|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> 0l8ywym3w4oydmwzbpbox4niqi8b599 10 11565 84646 2022-05-20T01:23:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Stronggood/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == {{mbox | type = content | small = yes | text = This template should ''not'' be used in [[Wikipedia:Mainspace|mainspace]] (the article [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]]). }} This template is used to insert a quick and easy positive notice with high visibility (because it is green) on project and discussion pages (like the following sentence). {{stronggood|1=Only use this template on non-article pages.}} (It cannot actually be used in articles; it will generate an error.) In situations where color is not relevant (color blindness, screen readers, etc.), it renders exactly the same as {{tlx|strong}} (to which it is a CSS-styled call). It is the opposite of the {{tlx|strongbad}} template. :{{tlnull|stronggood|<var>important text</var>}} or, if the important text contains an equals sign: :{{tlnull|stronggood|'''1{{=}}'''<var>important text</var>}} These both render as: :{{stronggood|important text}} It is safest to always use the {{para|1}} syntax. This template puts intentional and explicit <code><nowiki><strong>...</strong></nowiki></code> (importance, seriousness, or urgency) HTML markup around the text provided as the first parameter. Because some people are color blind, and some use screen readers, this template should not be used in a manner in which only the color indicates the difference between the content being marked up and other content; it's simply a visual aid for those who can use it. ===Parameters=== ''See [[Template:Strong#Optional parameters]].'' ==See also== * {{tlx|strong}} – same but not green (same color as surrounding text, usually black) * {{tlx|strongbad}} – same but red * {{tlx|em}} – for italic rather than bold semantic emphasis<br />&nbsp; {{Xt/see also}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Semantic markup templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Notice and warning templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Text color templates]] }}</includeonly> ohwfcgl1p9fjjwn2h92fzqut7mi9vts 10 11566 84647 2022-05-20T01:23:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Var serif wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Var serif/styles.css" />}}<var class="var-serif {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</var><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go near the bottom of the /doc page.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 632i4eaim2zpikgw3vq4imenqo9jaoc 10 11567 84648 2022-05-20T01:23:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Var serif/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> ==Usage== This template is to help facilitate the displaying of variable names (in mathematics, computer source code, etc.) with the semantically correct <code><nowiki><var>...</var></nowiki></code>, which also renders the variable in italics, as is customary, ''and'' to do so in a serif font. This is ''specifically'' for the use of the characters "I" (upper-case i) and "l" (lower-case L), which in many sans-serif fonts can be difficult to distinguish. The template also very slightly adjusts the font size of the enclosed variable, to account for typical difference in [[x-height]] between non-fancy serif (e.g., Times and Times New Roman) and sans-serif (e.g. Arial and Helvetica) typefaces. The template should not be used generally, but only for "I" and "l", and perhaps other cases where a known visual ambiguity can be shown to exist in common sans-serif fonts for readers without acute vision. It is recommended to use {{tlx|var|1}} rather than {{tlx|var serif|1}} for "1" (numeral one), as it is usually more clearly distinguishable from "I" and "l" in sans-serif than serif fonts. {{tlx|Var serif}} need not be used for variables that simply ''contain'' "I" or "l", only for cases in which readers are likely to be unable to distinguish them visually. The {{tlx|var serif}} method is preferred to simply italicizing and using inline style to specify the font, for [[WP:Accessibility|accessibility]], [[Separation of presentation and content|content/presentation separation]], [[semantic Web]], and [[WP:METADATA|metadata]] reasons; XHTML's <code><nowiki><var></nowiki></code> element has semantic meaning, while simple font changes like italicizing does not. Because the font styling in the template is done entirely with [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]], it has no effect at all upon content semantics, nor does it change the output for users of [[screen reader]] software. Example: : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|I}}</nowiki></code> outputs: : <code><nowiki><var style="font-size:118%;font-family:serif;">I</var></nowiki></code> which renders as: : {{var serif|I}} ;Comparisons: : <code><nowiki>{{var|I}}</nowiki></code> = {{var|I}} : <code><nowiki>{{var|l}}</nowiki></code> = {{var|l}} : <code><nowiki>{{var|1}}</nowiki></code> = {{var|1}} : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|I}}</nowiki></code> = {{var serif|I}} : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|l}}</nowiki></code> = {{var serif|l}} : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|1}}</nowiki></code> = {{var serif|1}} Please note that {{tnull|var serif}} is not a panacea; its treatment of the numeral "1" is easily mistaken for the letter "l" (lower-case "L") in many serif fonts. ; Recommended usage: : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|I}}</nowiki></code> = {{var serif|I}} : <code><nowiki>{{var serif|l}}</nowiki></code> = {{var serif|l}} : <code><nowiki>{{var|1}}</nowiki></code> = {{var|1}} : <code><nowiki>{{var|</nowiki>{{var|variable}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> for any other variable ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {}, "class": {}, "id": {}, "style": {}, "lang": {}, "title": {} } } </templatedata> {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Mathematical formatting templates]] [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> rbedik7u36um7v11fyzyq0muevpljbe 10 11568 84649 2022-05-20T01:24:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Var serif/styles.css sanitized-css text/css .var-serif { font-family: "Nimbus Roman No9 L", "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 118%; line-height: 1; } aqc7lyaz7qb68i3g47ze02v6ak9wg5b 10 11569 84650 2022-05-20T01:26:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Font color wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{text|{{{3|}}}}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{link|}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | yes | [[ {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{text|{{{3|}}}}}} }}|<span style="background-color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|inherit}}}}}} }}; color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{text|{{{3|}}}}}} }}</span>]] | [[{{{link|}}}|<span style="background-color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|inherit}}}}}} }}; color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{text|{{{3|}}}}}} }}</span>]] }} | <span style="background-color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|inherit}}}}}} }}; color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{text|{{{3|}}}}}} }}</span> }} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if: {{{link|}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq: {{{link|}}} | yes | [[ {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|}}}}}} }} |<span style="color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|}}}}}} }}</span>]] | [[ {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{link|}}} }} |<span style="color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|}}}}}} }}</span>]] }} | <span style="color:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{fg|{{{1|inherit}}}}}} }};">{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}trim | {{{bg|{{{2|}}}}}} }}</span> }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> rv2fg2fhg3ymior6yythibr3kefytfv 10 11570 84651 2022-05-20T01:26:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Font color/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Warning|1={{big|'''Links should clearly be identifiable as links to readers'''.}}<br />Refrain from implementing colored links that may impede user ability to distinguish links from regular text, or color links for purely aesthetic reasons. See the guides to editing articles for accessibility at [[WP:CONTRAST|contrast]], [[ Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility]] and [[WP:NAVBOXCOLOUR|navbox colors]].}} {{High-use| 90150 }} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Purpose == {{tl | Font color }} is how you insert colorized text, such as {{ font color | red | red }}, {{ font color | orange | orange }}, {{ font color | green | green }}, {{ font color | blue | blue | link = cat }} and {{ font color | indigo | indigo }}, and [[Help:Color#Color generation guide|many others]]. You can specify its {{ font color | bg=yellow | fg=indigo | text=background }} color at the same time. {{tl | Font color }} is also how you can color wikilinks to something other than blue for when you need to work within background colors. Normally <kbd>[<nowiki/>[ wikilink ]]</kbd> &rarr; [[wikilink]], but here we use a {{tl | font color }} with {{para | link }} to create a black wikilink &rarr; {{ font color | black | violet | link=yes | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wikilink&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }} You can make any text link to any page using the {{para|link}} parameter. This template will use [[Wikipedia:HTML5]] recommendations, inserting the span tags {{tag|span|params=style="color:''color''"}} and {{tag|span|params=style="background-color:''color''"}}, so the page increases its readability and usability in both the wikitext and the rendered page. == Usage == {{tlf | Font color }} has a one-color and a two-color form: : <kbd>{<nowiki/>{font color | ''color'' | ''text'' }}</kbd> : <kbd>{<nowiki/>{font color | ''text color'' | ''background color'' | ''text'' }}</kbd>. Either form has a <kbd>|link=</kbd> option, for colorizing (otherwise blue or red) wikilink text. : <kbd>|link{{=}}yes</kbd> &rarr; <code>[<nowiki/>[''text'']]</code> : <kbd>|link=''[[wp:pgn|fullpagename]]''</kbd> &rarr; <code>[<nowiki/>[''fullpagename'']]</code> You can also name the other fields. : <kbd>{<nowiki/>{font color | fg=''color'' | text=''text'' }}</kbd> : <kbd>{<nowiki/>{font color | fg=''text color'' | bg=''background color'' | text=''text'' }}</kbd> You can name <kbd>|fg=</kbd> or <kbd>|bg=</kbd>, which is nice, but... if you name either of them, you must also name <kbd>|text=</kbd>, which is a compromise. (See [[Help:Template#Parameters]] for why.) Spacing is of no concern. :<code>.</code><kbd>{<nowiki/>{font color|tan|green|text with four words}}</kbd><code>.</code> &rarr; <code>.</code>{{font color|tan|green|text with four words }}<code>.</code> :<code>.</code><kbd> {<nowiki/>{font color|tan|green|text with four words}} </kbd><code>.</code> &rarr; <code>.</code> {{font color|tan|green|text with four words }} <code>.</code> :<code>.</code><kbd> {<nowiki/>{ font color | tan | green | text with four words }} </kbd><code>.</code> &rarr; <code>.</code> {{ font color | tan | green | text with four words }} <code>.</code> === Parameters === {{Aligned table |cols=3 |style=padding:0.5em 0;line-height:1.35em;margin-bottom:1.0em; |col1style=font-family:monospace;padding-right:1.5em; |col2style=padding-right:2.5em; |col3style=text-align:center; |row1style=font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;| | Use / description | Default value | {{{1}}} | ''text color'' | inherited | {{{2}}} | ''text'' | | link | {{=}}yes or {{=}}''fullpagename'' | }} :Or {{Aligned table |cols=3 |style=padding:0.5em 0;line-height:1.35em;margin-bottom:1.0em; |col1style=font-family:monospace;padding-right:1.5em; |col2style=padding-right:2.5em; |col3style=text-align:center; |row1style=font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;| | Use / description | Default value | {{{1}}} | ''text color'' | inherited | {{{2}}} | ''background color'' | inherited | {{{3}}} | ''text'' | | link | {{=}}yes or {{=}}''fullpagename'' | }} == Examples == {|class=wikitable !Markup !Renders as |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | green | green text }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | green | green text }} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | blue | do not style text as a link }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | blue | do not style text as a link }} |- | | <code>{<nowiki/>{ font color'''{{big | {{! }}<nowiki/>{{! }} }}'''yellow | default text in yellow background }}</code> | {{ font color | | yellow | default text in yellow background }} |- | | <code>{<nowiki/>{ font color'''{{big | {{! }} }}'''bg=yellow | text = default text in yellow background }}</code> | {{ font color | bg=yellow | text = default text in yellow background }} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | white | black | white with black background }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | white | black | white with black background }} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | #ffffff | #000000 | white with black background }} ([[hexadecimal colors]]) </nowiki></code> | {{ font color | #ffffff | #000000 | white with black background}} ([[hexadecimal colors]]) |} {|class=wikitable !Markup !Renders as |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | white | blue | Wikipedia:Example | link = yes }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | white | blue | Wikipedia:Example | link = yes }} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | white | blue | Wikipedia:Example | link = Wikipedia:Sandbox }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | white | blue | Wikipedia:Example | link = Wikipedia:Sandbox }} |- | <code><nowiki>{{ font color | text = Wikipedia:Example | link = Wikipedia:Sandbox | bg = blue | fg = white }}</nowiki></code> | {{ font color | text = Wikipedia:Example | link = Wikipedia:Sandbox | bg = blue | fg = white }} |} The {{para|link}} parameter is a good way to colorize wikilinks, and it is about as much typing as the [[wp:pipe trick|pipe trick]]. Although a wikilink accepts a ''font color'' (or other template or markup): :<code>{{big|[<nowiki/>[}}Wikipedia:Example{{big|{{!}}}}{<nowiki />{font color|white|blue|the Wikipedia:Example page}}{{big|]]}}</code> :→ [[Wikipedia:Example | {{ font color | white | blue | the Wikipedia:Example page}}]] (a font-colored link), a ''font color'' does not accept a wikilink, it creates wikilinks itself with {{para|link}}. *{{OK }} {<nowiki/>{ font color | green | violet | Wikipedia:Example | link=yes }} → {{ font color | green | violet | Wikipedia:Example | link=yes }} (a {{para|link}} {{tl | font color }}) *{{cross }}{<nowiki/>{ font color | green | violet | the [<nowiki/>[Wikipedia:Example]] page}} → {{ font color | green | violet | the [[Wikipedia:Example]] page }} (Text with [<nowiki/>[wikilink brackets]] overrides the designated color) *{{cross }}{<nowiki/>{ font color | green | violet | [<nowiki/>[Wikipedia:Exammple]] }} → {{ font color | green | violet | the [[Wikipedia:Exammple]] page }} (Text with [<nowiki/>[wikilink brackets]] overrides the designated color) <!-- --><includeonly>For more examples see [[/testcases]].</includeonly> For actual mainspace template usage, here are search links for * {{sl | hastemplate:"font color" | label=all usage }}. * {{template usage | font color | pattern=link= | prefix=: | label=where <code>{{! }}link=</code> is used }}. * {{sl | hastemplate: "font color" prefix:F }} showing its use in articles whose title begins with the letter "F". ==See also== [[File:SVG Recognized color keyword names.svg|thumb|SVG's color keywords that can be used as a keyword value.]] * [[WP:COLOR|Important Manual of Style information]] * [[Web colors]] * [[HTML color names]] * [[List of colors]] * [[Help: Link color]] * {{tl|color}} * {{tl|background color}} * {{tl|coltit}} — colored table header cell * {{tl|color contrast ratio}} * {{tl|hilite}} * {{tl|font}} * {{tl|tq}} * {{tl|xt}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- categories --> [[Category:Text color templates]] }} </includeonly> 8xkjyerczcwz5u1zwfc0qqoykribuno 10 11571 84652 2022-05-20T01:27:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cross wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Xmark]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} r9vtoehqraw9hbtnbmka62e4568ea50 10 11572 84653 2022-05-20T01:27:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xmark wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |red |rd |r =File:X mark.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Dark Red x.svg |orange |or |o =File:Orange x.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Dark yellow x.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black x.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack x.svg <!--default--> |File:X mark.svg }}|{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}px|link=|alt=&#9746;]]<span style="display:none">N</span><!--template:cross--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pj3zvcskz84tel5rw5p0zkjifyac1dq 10 11573 84654 2022-05-20T01:27:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Xmark/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template inserts a red ''X'' inline in the text. It is often used as the opposite of {{tlx|Tick}}. ==Usage== This template inserts an inline red diagonal cross (''X'') image, indicating negation (or some other negatory message: rejection, failure, etc.). It is not for use in articles. The cross image defaults to 20px in size. To change the size, call with a pixel value as an argument, such as: : {{tnull|cross|'''30'''}} The {{para|color}} or {{para|colour}} parameter can be used to change the color of the ''X'': {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=4 | color codes !! output !! notes |- |red || || rd || r || [[File:X mark.svg|20px]] || the default |- |darkred || dkred || drd || dr || [[File:Dark Red x.svg|20px]] || |- |orange || || or || o || [[File:Orange x.svg|20px]] || |- |yellow || || yel || y || [[File:Dark yellow x.svg|20px]] || |- |black || || blk || k || [[File:Black x.svg|20px]] || |- |grey || gray || gry || gy || [[File:SemiTransBlack x.svg|20px]] || is actually semi-transparent |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "A template that inserts a red (by default) X (diagonal cross) inline in the text", "params": { "1": { "label": "Size", "description": "Sets the size of the X mark", "type": "number", "default": "20", "required": false }, "color": { "aliases": [ "colour" ], "label": "Color", "description": "Sets the color of the X mark", "type": "string", "default": "red", "required": false } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==See also== *{{tl|t}} *{{tl|Hammer}} *{{tl|Strikethrough}} {{Check mark templates}} {{Done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Single-image insertion templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia-specific image insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> sta5w7j84as6xsrduqavv1kw0837uk5 10 11574 84655 2022-05-20T01:28:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Check mark templates wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:60%;" |- ! colspan=4 style="background-color:black; color:white;"| {{Navbar-header|Check and cross marks|Check mark templates|fontcolor=white}} |- ! colspan=2 width="50%"| Check marks !!colspan=2| Cross marks |- | {{tl|tick}} = {{tlp|tick|20}}<br>{{tlp|tick|colour{{=}}purple}}<br>{{tlp|tick|color{{=}}cyan}}<br>{{tl|check mark}} | {{Tick}}<br>{{Tick|colour=purple}}<br>{{Tick|color=cyan}}<br>{{check mark}} | {{tl|cross}} = {{tlp|cross|20}}<br>{{tlp|Cross|colour{{=}}orange}}<br>{{tlp|Cross|color{{=}}black}} | {{Cross}}<br>{{Cross|colour=orange}}<br>{{Cross|color=black}} |- | {{tl|aye}} and {{tl|Y}} || {{aye}} || {{tl|nay}} and {{tl|N}} || {{nay}} |- | {{tl|ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{tl|na}} || {{Na}} |- | {{tl|yan}} || {{Yan}} || {{tl|nan}} || {{Nan}} |- | {{tl|check mark-n}} || {{Check mark-n}} || {{tl|x mark-n}} || {{X mark-n}} |- | {{tl|y&}} || {{Y&}} || {{tl|n&}} || {{N&}} |- | {{tl|Chk}} || {{Chk}} || &nbsp; || &nbsp; |- | {{tl|yeac}} || {{yeac}} || {{tl|nayc}} || {{nayc}} |- | {{tl|yeag}} || {{yeag}} || {{tl|nayg}} || {{nayg}} |- | {{tl|Mby}} || {{Mby}} || {{tl|nayd}} || {{nayd}} |- | {{tl|checked box}}<br>{{tl|ticked box}} || {{Checked box}} | {{tl|unchecked box}}<br>{{tl|unticked box}} || {{Unchecked box}} |- | {{tl|xed box}} || {{Xed box}} | {{tl|unexed box}} || {{Unexed box}} |- | {{tl|question mark box}} || {{question mark box}} || |- ! colspan=4 | Other marks |- | {{tl|n.b.}} || {{n.b.}} || {{tl|hmmm}} || {{hmmm}} |- | {{tl|bang}} || {{bang}} || {{tl|idkc}} || {{idkc}} |- |colspan=4| ''Most of the templates above are fully sortable in a [[Help:Sorting|<code><nowiki>class="sortable"</nowiki></code> table]] (each check mark is assigned an undisplayed "Y" and each cross mark an undisplayed "N").'' |- |}<noinclude> [[Category:Checkmark insertion templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] </noinclude> r9sozv3akhs0my9tr7fpu1u8t80m9w7 10 11575 84656 2022-05-20T01:28:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bang wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Symbol opinion vote.svg|20px|link=|alt=exclamation mark]]&nbsp;<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 52dwwz42i23vg7rn2mnnhvcpmmklz24 10 11576 84657 2022-05-20T01:28:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Bang/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!------------------------------------------------------------------- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis to Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --------------------------------------------------------------------> == Usage == Used as a notification graphic. ==See also== {{Done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!------------------------------------------------------------------- Categories below here, interwikis to Wikidata. --------------------------------------------------------------------> [[Category:Single-image insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> kdt21wsvd6bdcqebda8wz2l28egb54f 10 11577 84658 2022-05-20T01:29:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Check mark wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Tick]] 7rhp7xq6rjpogrbb74u4ub57rri2efs 10 11578 84659 2022-05-20T01:29:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tick wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#switch:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>lc:{{{color|{{{colour|}}}}}} }} |green |grn |gn =File:Yes check.svg |lightgreen |lgreen |lgrn |lgn =File:Light green check.svg |red |rd |r =File:Red check.svg |darkred |dkred |drd |dr =File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg |pink |pnk |pk =File:Pink check.svg |orange |or |o =File:Check.svg |yellow |yel |y =File:Yellow check.svg |black |blk |k =File:Black check.svg |blue |blu |u =File:Check-blue.svg |lightblue |lblue |lblu |lb =File:Cornflower blue check.svg |cyan |cy |c =File:B-check.svg |purple |pur |pu =File:Purple check.svg |grey |gray |gry |gy =File:SemiTransBlack v.svg |brown |brn |bn =File:Brown check.svg <!--default--> |File:Yes check.svg }}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|20}}px|link=|alt={{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{{alt}}}|check}}]]<span style="display:none">Y</span><!--template:tick--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> a0pkb4aynf3p4v0r0q9w9t10psd88p7 10 11579 84660 2022-05-20T01:30:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Tick/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:movepage-moved]]}} This template inserts a green tick (check mark) inline in the text. It is often used as the opposite of {{tlx|Cross}}. ==Usage== This template inserts an inline green tick or check (''&#10003;'') image, indicating agreement (or other affirmatives: acceptance, completion, etc.). {{strong|It is not for use in articles.}} The tick image defaults to 20px in size. To change the size, call with a pixel value as an argument, such as: : {{tnull|tick|'''30'''}} The {{para|color}} or {{para|colour}} parameter can be used to change the color of the ''&#10003;'': {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=4 | color codes !! output !! notes |- | green || || grn || gn || [[File:Yes check.svg|20px]] || the default |- | lightgreen || lgreen || lgrn || lgn || [[File:Light green check.svg|20px]] || |- | red || || rd || r || [[File:Red check.svg|20px]] || |- | darkred || dkred || drd || dr || [[File:Check-188-25-49-red.svg|20px]] || |- | pink || || pnk || pk || [[File:Pink check.svg|20px]] || |- | orange || || or || o || [[File:Check.svg|20px]] || |- | yellow || || yel || y || [[File:Yellow check.svg|20px]] || |- | blue || || blu || u || [[File:Check-blue.svg|20px]] || |- | lightblue || lblue || lblu || lb || [[File:Cornflower blue check.svg|20px]] || |- | cyan || || cy || c || [[File:B-check.svg|20px]] || |- | purple || || pur || pu || [[File:Purple check.svg|20px]] || |- | brown || || brn || bn || [[File:Brown check.svg|20px]] || |- | black || || blk || k || [[File:Black check.svg|20px]] || |- | grey || gray || gry || gy || [[File:SemiTransBlack v.svg|20px]] || is actually semi-transparent |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "A template that inserts a green (by default) tick (check mark) inline in the text", "params": { "1": { "label": "Size", "description": "Sets the size of the tick mark", "type": "number", "default": "20", "required": false }, "color": { "aliases": [ "colour" ], "label": "Color", "description": "Sets the color of the tick mark", "type": "string", "default": "green", "required": false } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == See also == {{Check mark templates}} {{Done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Checkmark insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> esv82pksg4uptoucpz0rc3oiwgwyvgx 10 11580 84661 2022-05-20T01:30:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Check mark-n wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Check mark 23x20 04.svg|23x20px|Check mark|alt=Yes|link=]]<SPAN STYLE="display:none">Y</SPAN><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> spd536uj0m3wo2n3hlsxd8dksyrypws 10 11581 84662 2022-05-20T01:30:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Check mark-n/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ==Usage== * This &#123;&#123;Check mark-n&#125;&#125; symbol is known as "Check mark" or "Tick mark". Result : * This {{Check mark-n}} symbol is known as "Check mark" or "Tick mark". ==See also== {{check mark templates}} {{done/See also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Checkmark insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> qa2hpuzi6jrrdaeif29hmwgrwj29ijg 10 11582 84663 2022-05-20T01:31:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Done/See also wikitext text/x-wiki <!--This is transcluded into all these templates' /doc pages to save time. -->{{Documentation subpage|override=see also|several templates {{bracket|[[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Done/See also|Details]]}}}}{{align|right|2=''This list:'' {{navbar|Done/See also|plain=1}}}}<noinclude>__NOTOC__</noinclude> ===Inline icon templates by shape and color=== Any of the following inline, comment-level templates can be converted into {{tl|Resolved}}-style hatnotes by using {{tl|Resbox}} to put a box around the icon and text. {{col-float}} {{Aligned table |style=<!--padding-top:1.5em;-->padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Green check marks'''}} | | {{Resolved mark large}} | {{tlx|Resolved mark large}} | {{Implemented}} | {{tlx|Implemented}} | {{PImplemented}} | {{tlx|PImplemented}} | {{Resolved mark}} | {{tlx|Resolved mark}} | {{Accepted}} | {{tlx|Accepted}} | {{Agree}} | {{tlx|Agree}} | {{Approved}} | {{tlx|Approved}} | {{Checked2}} | {{tlx|Checked2}} | {{Verified}} | {{tlx|Verified}} | {{Conditional yes}} | {{tlx|Conditional yes}} | {{Confirmed}} | {{tlx|Confirmed}} | {{Confirmed-nc}} | {{tlx|Confirmed-nc}} | {{Tallyho}} | {{tlx|Tallyho}} | {{Blockedtaggedclosing}} | {{tlx|Blockedtaggedclosing}} | {{Tick}} | {{tlx|Tick}} | {{Helped}} | {{tlx|Helped}} | {{Done}} | {{tlx|Done}} | {{DoneU|Example}} | {{tlx|DoneU}} | {{Donetask}} | {{tlx|Donetask}} | {{Unprod}} | {{tlx|Unprod}} | {{Autp}} | {{tlx|Autp}} | {{Responded}} | {{tlx|Responded}} | {{Sure}} | {{tlx|Sure}} | {{Merge done}} | {{tlx|Merge done}} | {{Marked}} | {{tlx|Marked}} | {{Pass}} | {{tlx|Pass}} | {{Aye}} | {{tlx|Aye}} | {{Yes check}} | {{tlx|Yes check}} | {{Y&}} | {{tlx|Y&}} | {{yeac}} | {{tlx|Yeac}} | {{yeag}} | {{tlx|Yeag}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Cross marks'''}} | | {{Xmark}} | {{tlx|Xmark}} | {{Expired}} | {{tlx|Expired}} | {{Deleted}} | {{tlx|Deleted}} | {{Not done}} | {{tlx|Not done}} | {{Not done empty request}}| {{tlx|Not done empty request}} | {{Not done unclear}} | {{tlx|Not done unclear}} | {{Not done not likely}} | {{tlx|Not done not likely}} | {{Stale-small}} | {{tlx|Stale-small}} | {{Smallrejected}} | {{tlx|Smallrejected}} | {{X mark}} | {{tlx|X mark}} | {{Nay}} | {{tlx|Nay}} | {{No mark}} | {{tlx|No mark}} | {{Not done-t}} | {{tlx|Not done-t}} | {{Fail}} | {{tlx|Fail}} | {{N&}} | {{tlx|N&}} | {{X mark-n}} | {{tlx|X mark-n}} | {{Xed box}} | {{tlx|Xed box}} | {{Cancelled}} | {{tlx|Cancelled}} | {{Deleted-image}} | {{tlx|Deleted-image}} | {{Already declined}} | {{tlx|Already declined}} | {{Opblocked}} | {{tlx|Opblocked}} | {{User-blocked}} | {{tlx|User-blocked}} | {{Notabug}} | {{tlx|Notabug}} | {{Notfixed}} | {{tlx|Notfixed}} | {{Won't fix}} | {{tlx|Won't fix}} | {{Withdraw}} | {{tlx|Withdraw}} | {{Nojoy}} | {{tlx|Nojoy}} | {{Unrelated}} | {{tlx|Unrelated}} | {{Off-topic talk}} | {{tlx|Off-topic talk}} | {{Nayc}} | {{tlx|Nayc}} | {{Nayg}} | {{tlx|Nayg}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Black check marks'''}} | | {{Already done}} | {{tlx|Already done}} | {{Resolved1}} | {{tlx|Resolved1}} | {{Check mark-n}} | {{tlx|Check mark-n}} | {{Checked}} | {{tlx|Checked}} | {{Checked box}} | {{tlx|Checked box}} }} {{Aligned table |style=<!--padding-top:1.5em;-->padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Yellow check marks'''}} | | {{Yellow tick}} | {{tlx|Yellow tick}} | {{Half done}} | {{tlx|Half done}} | {{Partly done}} | {{tlx|Partly done}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Blue check marks'''}} | | {{Semi-done}} | {{tlx|Semi-done}} | {{Fixed}} | {{tlx|Fixed}} | {{FixedU|Example}} | {{tlx|FixedU}} | {{Fixed by reporter}} | {{tlx|Fixed by reporter}} | {{Bug pending}} | {{tlx|Bug pending}} | {{Bug resolved}} | {{tlx|Bug resolved}} | {{Blockedandtagged}} | {{tlx|Blockedandtagged}} | {{Blockedwithouttags}} | {{tlx|Blockedwithouttags}} | {{Socks tagged}} | {{tlx|Socks tagged}} | {{No tags}} | {{tlx|No tags}} | {{Ipbedone}} | {{tlx|Ipbedone}} | {{IPblock}} | {{tlx|IPblock}} | {{Pblock}} | {{tlx|Pblock}} | {{Psblock}} | {{tlx|Psblock}} | {{Rblock}} | {{tlx|Rblock}} | {{Action and close}} | {{tlx|Action and close}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Minus sign'''}} | | {{Close}} | {{tlx|Close}} | {{Denied}} | {{tlx|Denied}} | {{Disagree}} | {{tlx|Disagree}} | {{Unapproved}} | {{tlx|Unapproved}} | {{NotBug}} | {{tlx|NotBug}} | {{Duplicate bug}} | {{tlx|Duplicate bug}} | {{Invalid}} | {{tlx|Invalid}} | {{Declined}} | {{tlx|Declined}} | {{No action}} | {{tlx|No action}} | {{Nocomment}} | {{tlx|Nocomment}} | {{Unnecessary}} | {{tlx|Unnecessary}} | {{Nc}} | {{tlx|Nc}} | {{Removed}} | {{tlx|Removed}} | {{Closing without action}}| {{tlx|Closing without action}} | {{Failed-ga}} | {{tlx|Failed-ga}} }} {{col-float-break}} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Plus sign'''}} | | {{Added}} | {{tlx|Added}} | {{Posted}} | {{tlx|Posted}} | {{Works for me}} | {{tlx|Works for me}} | {{Passed}} | {{tlx|Passed}} | {{Likely}} | {{tlx|Likely}} | {{Highly likely}} | {{tlx|Highly likely}} | {{Endorse}} | {{tlx|Endorse}} | {{Decline}} | {{tlx|Decline}} | {{Decline-IP}} | {{tlx|Decline-IP}} | {{Cu-endorsed}} | {{tlx|Cu-endorsed}} | {{Cudecline}} | {{tlx|Cudecline}} | {{Delisted}} | {{tlx|Delisted}} | {{Inconclusive}} | {{tlx|Inconclusive}} | {{N/A icon}} | {{tlx|N/A icon}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Neutral sign'''}}| | {{Bug closed}} | {{tlx|Bug closed}} | {{Bug new}} | {{tlx|Bug new}} | {{GA2ndopinion}} | {{tlx|GA2ndopinion}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=<!--width:11.0em;-->padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Purple turn-right'''}} | | {{Deferred}} | {{tlx|Deferred}} | {{Deferabusefilter}} | {{tlx|Deferabusefilter}} | {{Deferblack}} | {{tlx|Deferblack}} | {{Defermetablack}} | {{tlx|Defermetablack}} | {{Deferspam}} | {{tlx|Deferspam}} | {{Deferspambot}} | {{tlx|Deferspambot}} | {{Deferwhite}} | {{tlx|Deferwhite}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Simple clock'''}}| | {{PendingRequest}} | {{tlx|PendingRequest}} | {{GAOnHold}} | {{tlx|GAOnHold}} | {{On hold}} | {{tlx|On hold}} | {{OnHoldUntil}} | {{tlx|OnHoldUntil}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=<!--width:11.0em;-->padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Clock'''}} | | {{ProposalOnHold}} | {{tlx|ProposalOnHold}} | {{Reviewing request}} | {{tlx|Reviewing request}} | {{Awaitingadmin}} | {{tlx|Awaitingadmin}} | {{Await}} | {{tlx|Await}} | {{Later}} | {{tlx|Later}} | {{Tobedone}} | {{tlx|Tobedone}} | {{Discussing}} | {{tlx|Discussing}} | {{Doing}} | {{tlx|Doing}} | {{Isdoing}} | {{tlx|Isdoing}} | {{Started}} | {{tlx|Started}} | {{In progress}} | {{tlx|In progress}} | {{Checking}} | {{tlx|Checking}} | {{Reviewing}} | {{tlx|Reviewing}} }} {{Aligned table |style=<!--padding-top:1.5em;-->padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=<!--width:11.0em;-->padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Information mark'''}} | | {{NeedsDiscussion}} | {{tlx|NeedsDiscussion}} | {{A note}} | {{tlx|A note}} | {{Administrator note}} | {{tlx|Administrator note}} | {{Bug assigned}} | {{tlx|Bug assigned}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Exclamation'''}} | | {{High priority}} | {{tlx|High priority}} | {{N.b.}} | {{tlx|N.b.}} | {{Urgent}} | {{tlx|Urgent}} | {{Investigating}} | {{tlx|Investigating}} | {{Bang}} | {{tlx|Bang}} | {{Archive now}} | {{tlx|Archive now}} | {{Bureaucrat note}} | {{tlx|Bureaucrat note}} | {{CUnote}} | {{tlx|CUnote}} | {{Bug acknowledged}} | {{tlx|Bug acknowledged}} ({{tlx|Ack}}) | {{Bug confirmed}} | {{tlx|Bug confirmed}} | {{Comment}} | {{tlx|Comment}} | {{Remind}} | {{tlx|Remind}} | {{Remark}} | {{tlx|Remark}} | {{Clerk-Note}} | {{tlx|Clerk-Note}} | {{Clerk-Note-bot}} | {{tlx|Clerk-Note-bot}} | {{Renamer note}} | {{tlx|Renamer note}} | {{Coordinator-note}} | {{tlx|Coordinator-note}} | {{Stale GAN}} | {{tlx|Stale GAN}} | {{Warnsign}} | {{tlx|Warnsign}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:13.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Question mark'''}}| | {{Suggestion}} | {{tlx|Suggestion}} | {{Maybe-t}} | {{tlx|Maybe-t}} | {{Maybe-i}} | {{tlx|Maybe-i}} | {{Qmark}} | {{tlx|Qmark}} | {{Question mark}} | {{tlx|Question mark}} | {{InfoNeeded}} | {{tlx|InfoNeeded}} | {{Not done for now}} | {{tlx|Not done for now}} | {{Not sure}} | {{tlx|Not sure}} | {{Not sure2}} | {{tlx|Not sure2}} | {{Question}} | {{tlx|Question}} | {{Question|label=foo}} | {{tlx|Question|label{{=}}foo}} | {{MoreInfo|wrap=allow}} | {{tlx|MoreInfo}} | {{Bug feedback}} | {{tlx|Bug feedback}} | {{Idkc}} | {{tlx|Idkc}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Bulb'''}} | | {{Bulb}} | {{tlx|Bulb}} | {{Bulb2}} | {{tlx|Bulb2}} | {{Idea}} | {{tlx|Idea}} | {{NewProposal}} | {{tlx|NewProposal}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Smile'''}} | | {{Thank you}} | {{tlx|Thank you}} | {{Thank you very much}} | {{tlx|Thank you very much}} | {{You're welcome}} | {{tlx|You're welcome}} | {{Sorry}} | {{tlx|Sorry}} | {{Thank}} | {{tlx|Thank}} | {{WikiThanks}} | {{tlx|WikiThanks}} }} {{Aligned table |style=padding-top:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em; |col1style=width:11.0em;padding-left:0.9em;padding-right:0.6em; |col2style=font-size:95%; |col2nowrap=on |style1.1=padding-left:none; | {{big|'''Thumb sign'''}} | | {{Thumbs down}} | {{tlx|Thumbs down}} | {{Thumbs up}} | {{tlx|Thumbs up}} | {{(y)}} | {{tlx|(y)}} | {{(n)}} | {{tlx|(n)}} | {{Great}} | {{tlx|Great}} | {{Like}} | {{tlx|Like}} | {{Dislike}} | {{tlx|Dislike}} }} {{col-float-end}} ====Others==== {{div col |colwidth=40em}} {{Aligned table | {{Awaiting}} | {{tlx|Awaiting}} | {{Buttinsky}} | {{tlx|Buttinsky}} | {{Commentvote}} | {{tlx|Commentvote}} | {{Bug dupe}} | {{tlx|Bug dupe}} | {{Clerk-Note-merged}} | {{tlx|Clerk-Note-merged}} | {{NewBug}} | {{tlx|NewBug}} | {{BugFixed}} | {{tlx|BugFixed}} | {{DuplicateProposal}} | {{tlx|DuplicateProposal}} | {{Justcurious}} | {{tlx|Justcurious}} | {{ProposalOutOfScope}} | {{tlx|ProposalOutOfScope}} | {{Moved to commons}} | {{tlx|Moved to commons}} | {{Orz}} | {{tlx|Orz}} | {{Possibly}} | {{tlx|Possibly}} | {{Read}} | {{tlx|Read}} | {{Redflag}} | {{tlx|Redflag}} | {{Redundant symbol}} | {{tlx|Redundant symbol}} | {{Reopened}} | {{tlx|Reopened}} | {{Reply to|Example}} | {{tlx|Reply to}} | {{Reverted}} | {{tlx|Reverted}} | {{Rimshot}} | {{tlx|Rimshot}} | {{Twomanrule}} | {{tlx|Twomanrule}} | {{UnderReview}} | {{tlx|UnderReview}} | {{Facepalm}} | {{tlx|Facepalm}} | {{Scissors}} | {{tlx|Scissors}} | {{Self-trout}} | {{tlx|Self-trout}} | {{Self-whale}} | {{tlx|Self-whale}} | {{Sent}} | {{tlx|Sent}} | {{Snow}} | {{tlx|Snow}} | {{SULcheck}} | {{tlx|SULcheck}} }} {{Aligned table | {{ToDo}} | {{tlx|ToDo}} | {{Undone}} | {{tlx|Undone}} | {{Uploaded}} | {{tlx|Uploaded}} | {{Withdrawn}} | {{tlx|Withdrawn}} | {{Working}} | {{tlx|Working}} | {{WPcrystalball}} | {{tlx|WPcrystalball}} | {{Completed}} | {{tlx|Completed}} | {{Sblock}} | {{tlx|Sblock}} | {{Possible}} | {{tlx|Possible}} | {{Impossible}} | {{tlx|Impossible}} | {{Possilikely}} | {{tlx|Possilikely}} | {{Unlikely}} | {{tlx|Unlikely}} | {{Replaced}} | {{tlx|Replaced}} | {{Duck}} | {{tlx|Duck}} | {{Megaphoneduck}} | {{tlx|Megaphoneduck}} | {{Megaphoneduck|ultimate}}| {{tlx|Megaphoneduck|ultimate}} | {{Clerk Request}} | {{tlx|Clerk Request}} | {{Relisted}} | {{tlx|Relisted}} | {{Nosleepers}} | {{tlx|Nosleepers}} | {{Behaviour}} | {{tlx|Behaviour}} | {{GlobalLocksRequested}} | {{tlx|GlobalLocksRequested}} | {{StaleIP}} | {{tlx|StaleIP}} | {{8ball}} | {{tlx|8ball}} | {{Crystalball}} | {{tlx|Crystalball}} | {{Fishing}} | {{tlx|Fishing}} | {{Pixiedust}} | {{tlx|Pixiedust}} | {{Shrug}} | {{tlx|Shrug}} | {{Lenny}} | {{tlx|Lenny}} | {{Table flip}} | {{tlx|Table flip}} }} {{div col end}} ===Multi-sign templates=== The following templates implement several icons: * {{tl|AIV}} – used by [[Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism]] * {{tl|EP}} – used for servicing requests in edit-protected areas * {{tl|RFPP}} – used by [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection]] * {{tl|UAA}} – used by [[Wikipedia:Usernames for administrator attention]] * {{tl|Smiley}} – used for informal communication purposes ===Others=== * [[Template:Check mark templates]], for templates like these but without text * [[Template:Icon]], inline icon templates by shape and color * [[Wikipedia:List of discussion templates]], a more linear table of essentially the same set of templates * [[Template:Resolved/See also]], the smaller family of thread-level hatnote templates, similar to the above but with a box around them; any template above can be converted to one of those with {{tl|Resbox}} * [[Template:Table cell templates/doc]], the family of table-specific templates that work only in tables * [[:Category:Image with comment templates]] * [[:Category:Resolution templates]]<noinclude> {{Wikipedia templates|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Image with comment templates| ]] </noinclude> 62f9t5smdbtdy6q0r417kqj217lo0or 10 11583 84664 2022-05-20T01:33:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:OK wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Aye]] ohpbbxpzrgx4nhpd8255oz38humzg3p 10 11584 84665 2022-05-20T01:33:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sl wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Search link]] 9afqdauwnerhf1e390g3dn2j1vx0ywi 10 11585 84666 2022-05-20T01:34:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Search link wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Search|search=<!-- -->{{urlencode:{{{query|{{{text|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- Given query -->{{#if:{{{limit|}}}|&limit={{{limit|}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{ns|}}} {{{3|}}} {{{4|}}} {{{5|}}} {{{6|}}} {{{7|}}} {{{8|}}} {{{9|}}}{{{10|}}} {{{11|}}} {{{12|}}} {{{13|}}} {{{14|}}} {{{15|}}} {{{16|}}} {{{17|}}} {{{18|}}} {{{19|}}} {{{20|}}} | <!-- either ns or 3-20 has a value set--> {{#if:{{{ns|}}} <!-- is ns set? --> | {{#ifeq: {{{ns}}} | all <!-- ns is set. Is the value "all"? -->| <!-- True, the value of ns is "all" --> &ns0=1&ns1=1&ns2=1&ns3=1&ns4=1&ns5=1&ns6=1&ns7=1&ns8=1&ns9=1<!-- -->&ns10=1&ns11=1&ns12=1&ns13=1&ns14=1&ns15=1&ns100=1&ns101=1<!-- -->&ns108=1&ns109=1&ns118=1&ns119=1&ns446=1&ns447=1&ns710=1<!-- -->&ns711=1&ns828=1&ns829=1&ns2300=1&ns2301=1&ns2302=1&ns2303=1<!-- -->&ns2600=1 | <!-- ns is set, but the value is not "all" --> &{{lc:{{{ns}}}}} <!-- You saw the & added, and ns argument: ns=ns5 gives &ns5=1 Use {{lc:}} not only to lower case, but also to strip away whitespace --> }} }}{{ #if:{{{3|}}} <!-- positional parameter 3 = "ns0" or other nsX --> | &{{lc:{{{3|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{4|}}}| &{{lc:{{{4|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{5|}}}| &{{lc:{{{5|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{6|}}}| &{{lc:{{{6|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{7|}}}| &{{lc:{{{7|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{8|}}}| &{{lc:{{{8|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{9|}}}| &{{lc:{{{9|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{10|}}}| &{{lc:{{{10|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{11|}}}| &{{lc:{{{11|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{12|}}}| &{{lc:{{{12|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{13|}}}| &{{lc:{{{13|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{14|}}}| &{{lc:{{{14|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{15|}}}| &{{lc:{{{15|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{16|}}}| &{{lc:{{{16|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{17|}}}| &{{lc:{{{17|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{18|}}}| &{{lc:{{{18|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{19|}}}| &{{lc:{{{19|}}}}}=1 }}{{ #if:{{{20|}}}| &{{lc:{{{20|}}}}}=1 }} |&ns0=1<!-- Neither ns nor 3-20 were set. So made Template Search link's default search domain equal to article space; otherwise user account can set it to "all" by default at their own [[Special:Search]] Advanced -->}}&fulltext=Search<!-- does what "~" does when first character of query Done with [URL part. Now for the name] part of [URL name]. (The URL part already escapes square brackets [ ], in urlencode %5B %5D.) -->}}<!-- You'll see the space. The "replace" wrappers escape square brackets in name. --> {{#invoke:String|replace<!-- -->|{{#invoke:String|replace |{{#if: {{{label|{{{link|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}<!-- If a label is given, --> |<nowiki />{{{label|{{{link|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}<!-- protect it from a leading * or # --> |<nowiki />{{{query|{{{text|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}<!-- by using <nowiki /> (Help:wikitext) -->}}<!-- -->|[|&#91;}}<!-- ] with its html symbol -->|]|&#93;}}<!-- ] with its html symbol -->]</span><!-- Output a hidden category: -->{{#if: {{{ns|}}}{{{3|}}}{{{4|}}}{{{5|}}}{{{6|}}}{{{7|}}}{{{8|}}}{{{9|}}}{{{10|}}}{{{11|}}}{{{12|}}}{{{13|}}}{{{14|}}}{{{15|}}}{{{16|}}}{{{17|}}}{{{18|}}}{{{19|}}}{{{20|}}} | [[Category:Search link templates with namespace parameters]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> rkb6indyxfqxeh25r6g0iw5xea5r0op 10 11586 84667 2022-05-20T01:34:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Search link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Template:Sl|the template for linking to sections|Template:Section link}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{Warning|This template should not be used in [[WP:WIAA|articles]] as links to search result pages are among the [[WP:LINKSTOAVOID|links normally to be avoided]].}} {{tsh|sl}} This template creates a link that can be used to store a Wikipedia search box query. A search link is useful for [[collaborative search]] on [[Help:Talk|Talk pages]] and most other pages, but it is not to be used in articles. If used in [[Wikipedia|article]]s, it outputs the above warning. === Basics === {{tlc|Search link|first|second|third}} * The first parameter is for ''the search'', or query. * The second parameter is a ''label for the link''. * The third parameter is the ''search domain''. The name of the template is ''Search link'', or ''sl'' for short.<br/> The second and third parameters are optional and have defaults, so the short form is {{tlx|sl|''query''}}. Both a search link and a search box go to the same search engine. The same query produces the same result. The basic search covers articles. It finds words and phrases composed of letters and numbers very quickly, but a basic search can also query for all articles that contain a string that includes punctuation, math, and other symbols as seen in the page [[wp:content|content]] or as seen in the page wikitext. {| class=wikitable |+ Basic search principles when using a search link |valign=top|1 ||{{tlc|Search link<br />|"search engine query"}}<br /> {{Search link|"search engine query"}} |There is one search term, a phrase that produces '''18''' results, including a [[wp|redirect]]. For one term, the page ranking rule is simple: title matches, on top. Two pages hit on "Search Engine Query" and one on "<nowiki>[[Search engine (computing)|search engine]]</nowiki> query". |- |valign = top |2 |dummy|{{tlc|Search link<br />|"search engine query"<br />insource:/"search engine query"/}}<br /> {{Search link|"search engine query" insource:/"search engine query"/ }} |width=52%| Added a term: insource:/"''slash delimited regex''"/. Now there are '''15'''. Three were filtered out because regex match ''only exact strings''. All other searches always ''ignore capitalization, punctuation, math, and other symbols'', like the ]] above. Proves a basic difference with search 1: only ''insource:'' searches wikitext. All other terms search what is rendered. |- |valign="top"|3 ||{{tlc|Search link<br />|search engine query}}<br /> {{Search link|search engine query}} ||There are three search terms. They produce '''1169''' results. Many page ranking rules apply to make the top most likely and the bottom least likely, ''probably''. |- |valign=top|4 |dummy to enable the pipe character to pass|{{tlc|Search link<br />|search engine query<br />insource:/"search engine query"/}}<br /> {{Search link|search engine query insource:/"search engine query"/}} | Similar to search 3, the regex crawled character-by-character through the same '''1169'''-page filter to produce its same 15 results. As much as that seems, 1169 is nothing compared to running an unfiltered (unaccompanied) regex exposed to the {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages on the wiki to produce some 15 results.<ref>Some users' default search domain is all namespaces. In cases like the bare regex search, the search engine protects itself by limiting ''all'' regex searches. A bare regex that crawls through millions of pages can take over twenty seconds, and may even cost you an HTML timeout. During that time very few other regex searches are allowed. Always use a filter with regex.</ref> |- |valign = top | 5 ||{{tlc|Search link<br />|insource:/"2 + 2"/<br />prefix:Arithmetic<br />|"Arithmetic" titles & "2 + 2"}}<br />{{search link|insource:/2 \+ 2/ prefix:Arithmetic|"Arithmetic" titles & "2 + 2"}} |The regexp is the first term, but the ''prefix:'' term first filters out all but a few [[wp:pagename|titles]] that start with the characters A-r-i-t-h-m-e-t-i-c, then the regexp crawls character-wise. Perhaps such a label conveys this to your team. |} This template differs from the search box superficially when searching for an equals sign. In the search box you just say <kbd>=</kbd>, but here you must use the five-letter string <nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>.<ref>Searching for an equals sign requires using a regexp. As with any template, use {{tl|1==}} or {{para|1}} to pass in an equals sign to any parameter, even the link label.</ref> In search 5 notice the need for the double quotes around the search pattern: <code>insource:/"''slash&nbsp;delimited&nbsp;regexp''"/</code>. These protect any characters from being interpreted as regex metacharacters, and insures they are interpreted literally. In basic searches quotes are always used, to enable exact-string searches in the wikitext. In advanced searches the double quotes are not used, so that the metacharacters can act as conditional and branching operators to create generalized patterns. Search 2 exemplifies the easiest filter to apply to accompany any regexp search. It just takes the same phrase and make it a separate term. Given any regexp <kbd>insource'''/'''"''exact string search''"'''/'''</kbd>, just accompany it by an <kbd>insource:"''exact string search''"</kbd>. The later term will always act like a perfect filter, matching every alphanumeric, and ignoring every non-alphanumeric, speeding through an indexed search to filter out pages the regexp couldn't possibly match. As for other filters, a namespace is weak, but every additional term increases ''regex'' power. The next section covers ''Search link'' arguments more in depth. === Advanced === {{details|topic=Search engine queries|Help:Searching}} Here are the [[help:Template#Parameters|template parameters]] for Search link. {| class="wikitable" |- |'''1''' |or {{para|query}} || The search query. It becomes the text of the search link (how the link will look) so it accepts {{para|text}}. |- |'''2''' |or {{para|label}} || A label to replace the default text. A new look to the link, so it also accepts {{para|link}}. Defaults to show the search query. |- |'''3'''<br />⋮<br/>'''20''' |style="white-space: nowrap;"| <!--{{Big|{{!}}}}{{small|{{param|3}}}}{{Big|{{!}}}}{{small|{{param|4}}}}{{Big|{{!}}}}{{small|{{param|5}}}}{{Big|{{!}}}}…{{big|{{!}}}}{{small|{{param|20}}}}--> {{Big|{{!}}}}'''3'''{{Big|{{!}}}}'''4'''{{Big|{{!}}}}'''5'''{{Big|{{!}}}}…{{big|{{!}}}}'''20'''<br /> or {{para|ns}} | The search domain: one or more namespaces abbreviated "ns''x''", where ''x'' is any namespace number.<br /><code>|'''ns'''''x''|'''ns'''''x''|'''ns'''''x''|…|'''ns'''''x''</code>, or <code>'''ns='''ns''x''&ns''x''&ns''x''…&ns''x''</code>, or <code>'''ns='''all</code>. Defaults to ns0. |- | |{{para|limit}} || Number of search results on the first page. Named parameter only, not positional. |} {{namespaces}} You only ever need to use parameters 3–20 if you want a profile of two or more namespaces for a search domain. Otherwise you can just say the namespace name (or ''all'') at the beginning of the query, or a ''prefix'' parameter at the end of the query. When the query goes through this template, the default search domain is article space, just as it is for basic users. The default search domain of a user, logged-in or not, is article space ''unless the user set their preference''.<ref>Advancing editors who begin to search for Wikipedia's other pages may at times set their default search domain (at [[Special:Search]] ''Advanced'') to ''[[Special:statistics|all]]''. Setting search to ''all'' is the most likely scenario to "set and forget". Since that includes article space, the usual results are comparable.</ref> But no matter who uses a search link the results will always be the same. "Cut and paste" can never guarantee the same results for a search, but a search link can because the search domain is just article space for everyone, or search domain is the set of namespaces you set for everyone. If you know the numbers of your search domain profile, you just type them in <code>{{nowrap|1=ns=ns0&ns1&ns2600}}</code>. (You can get them from the [[wp:namespace|namespace]] table to the right.) Otherwise you refine your query ''and'' search domain on the search results page, whose ''Advanced'' interface is designed to select and adjust namespaces with no knowledge of the namespace numbers. Once that produces satisfactory results, you copy the namespaces string from the URL (in your browser's address bar), and paste it into {{para|ns}}, and you can get the query from the search results page search box, and paste it as the query, and that's your search link. If you have just one namespace in your search link, and it's not article space, you can specify it by saying, say, <kbd>ns=ns10</kbd>, or <kbd>|ns10"</kbd> at parameter position 3 or greater: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|sl|"search link" namespace||ns10}} For ''one'' namespace the explicit name is preferred: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|sl|Template:"search link" namespace}} The explicit name is preferred if you will be publishing or saving your search link. That way when it is run later the search domain shows up explicitly at the beginning of the search box of the search results page to inform the user. Otherwise ''only the URL'' and ''only the namespace-profile dialog frame'' pops up on the search results page to inform the user. When it is two or more namespaces, these things always happen, because the query only accepts one namespace (as the first term only). But '''''all''''' is also an informative query, a pseudo-namespace for Search only. If you see a query begin with <kbd>all:</kbd>, the URL will be loaded with all the namespace parameters. You can use "all" in {{tlf|Search link}} to specify all namespaces: :<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''|'''ns=all'''}}</nowiki></code> :<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''|''label''|'''all'''}}</nowiki></code> but again, it is far more preferable to say :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|sl|all:"search link" namespace}} than it is to use: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|sl|"search link" namespace||all}} for the reasons given just above. ''But'' when specifying "all", the query time is about seven times greater because there are [[special:statistics|that many more pages on the wiki]] than there are articles. If a more targeted search is possible, it runs much more quickly than the "all" search. For example, if you have a query for which know the search domain is 10 and 11, and you want ''no label'', then you need a parameter 3, ''but you need no parameter 2'', so per the [[Help:Template#Parameters|template parameter rules]] the search link can be made in four general ways: *<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query'''''||'''ns10|ns11}}</code> When parameter 1 unnamed, and parameter 2 is unnamed '''{{big|{{!}}&thinsp;{{!}}}}''' (defined as the "empty string"), then parameter 3 can be defined unnamed <kbd>ns10</kbd>, and parameter 4 can be defined unnamed <code>ns11</code>, and so on. Nothing is named because everything is defined. *<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''|3=ns10|4=ns11}}</code> Parameter 2 is undefined, but that's fine because parameters 3 and above are all named... *<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''|ns=ns10&ns11}}</code> or the empty positional parameter '''{{big|{{!}}&thinsp;{{!}}}}''' is not needed when {{para|ns}} defines itself named. *<code>{<nowiki/>{sl|query=''query''|label=|ns=ns10&ns11}}</code> Everything is explicitly named. For another example, if you select the "Wikipedia" and "Help" namespaces, then run a query, the URL will show <code>ns4=1&ns12=1</code>. Copy that and paste it to {{para|ns|ns4{{=}}1&ns12{{=}}1}}. (Note: you can ignore the "=1" part from the URL.) Note how the URL contains ns0, ns1, ns2, and ns3, and how it got them: :<code><nowiki>{{sl|systems operations|3=ns2|4=ns1|ns=ns3|20=ns0}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{sl|systems operations prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|systems operations|ns2|4=ns1|ns=ns3|20=ns0}} :<code><nowiki>{{sl|query = systems operations|||ns2|ns1|ns3|ns0}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{sl|query = systems operations prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}||systems operations|ns2|ns1|ns3|ns0}} :<code><nowiki>{{sl|systems operations|3=ns2&ns1&ns3&ns0}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{sl|systems operations prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|systems operations|3=ns2&ns1&ns3&ns0}} If you need to develop a highly specific search domain, a very elaborate one carved out of a set of the thirty namespaces, then you will have developed this at the search results page using the ''Advanced'' search domain picker there. Then you just cut and paste the entire string ''from the URL'' of your found ''search domain'' namespaces, and paste it into one named parameter {{para|ns}}. To type in namespaces 0, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 9, with no label, the two easiest ways are: * <code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''||'''ns0|ns2|ns4|ns5|ns7|ns9'''}}</code> * <code>{<nowiki/>{sl|''query''|ns='''ns0&ns2&ns4&ns5&ns7&ns9'''}}</code> The order is irrelevant. == Advanced examples == {{for|examples| Help:Searching/Regex/Sandboxing}} All these involve <code>insource:/''slash delimited regex''/</code> '''with filters'''. Any search link with an <code>insource:/''regex''/</code> search should always provide the additional query terms that would filter (reduce) the search domain as much as possible. This template defaults to article space if no namespace is given, which is a filter. ;Quoting The need to match an equals in an article is not surprising, and is basic. You have to use {{tl|1==}} or {{para|query}} or {{para|1}} just to get the equals sign in your query to the search engine, or {{tl|!}} to get the pipe character to the search engine. Both pipe characters and the equals signs are template ''sensitive'' for all templates, so you can always quote them with curly brackets like that inside templates. Although the search ''box'' can take = and | directly, quoting is necessary in the search ''link'' because otherwise they have their parameters meaning. Regex are ''sensitive'' to punctuation, brackets, math and other symbolic characters, collectively known as "[[regex#Character classes|punctuation]]" so you quote them, because otherwise they have their regex ''metacharacter'' meaning. The "metacharacters" of CirrusSearch have claimed most punctuation characters as functions in their regex, but you don't have to know all the metacharacter functions just to search for them as targets literally. You can simply quote all punctuation to search for them as literal targets in wikitext. The way to easily quote every character in an entire regexp is to put the whole term in quotes: <kbd>insource:/"''regexp with literal characters''"/</kbd> To get a pipe character through both the template and the search engine to target it as a character in wikitext, you have to quote it twice, hence the frequent need for the six characters <kbd>\{{tl|!}}</kbd> in an advanced search link. The equals sign is not a metacharacter, so it does not have to be quoted twice, as the pipe character does. The pipe character is a metacharacter that means OR. To generate advanced regex searches, see about doing so at {{tl|regex}}. {{Help:Searching/Features}}<!-- -->{{Help:Searching/Regex}}{{Help:Searching/Regex/Sandboxing}} == See also == {{Internal search templates common doc|seealso=}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Search templates]] [[be:Шаблон:Пошук]] [[ja:Template:Search]] }}</includeonly> 9y3dxnve1klla2mfrxfbxcz26q6qowd 10 11587 84668 2022-05-20T01:34:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Details wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Further]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from merge}} }} 33plsmlqfuvwfeqmupn8nsryhspyhy6 10 11588 84669 2022-05-20T01:34:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Further wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Further information{{#if:{{{topic|}}}|&#32;on {{{topic|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> pu1ae8is2dmdurv2yovsfwxjajnhn2s 10 11589 84670 2022-05-20T01:35:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Further/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Selfref|"Template:See" redirects here. It is not to be confused with [[Template:See also]].}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|40054}} {{Lua|Module:Labelled list hatnote}} This template is used to link to articles containing further information on a topic. It looks like this: {{further|Article}} It is typically used at the top of a section, when the topic of that section is covered in more detail by another page. It is useful for implementing [[WP:SUMMARY|summary style]]. The corresponding template for use on category pages is {{tl|Cat more}} == Usage == ; One article: :{{tlx|further|PAGE1}} → {{further|PAGE1}} ; More than one article: :{{tlx|further|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}} → {{further|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}} ; With a topic: :{{tlx|further|<nowiki>topic=TOPIC</nowiki>|PAGE1|PAGE2}} → {{further|topic=TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2}} ; All parameters: :{{tlx|further|<nowiki>topic=TOPIC</nowiki>|PAGE1|PAGE2#SECTION|<nowiki>selfref=yes</nowiki>|<nowiki>category=no</nowiki>|<nowiki>label1=LABEL1</nowiki>}} → {{further|topic=TOPIC|PAGE1|PAGE2#SECTION|selfref=yes|category=no|label1=LABEL1}} == Parameters == This template accepts the following parameters: * <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, ... - the pages to link to. At least one page name is required. Categories and files are automatically escaped with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], and links to sections are automatically formatted as ''page § section'', rather than the MediaWiki default of ''page#section''. * <code>label1</code>, <code>label2</code>, <code>label3</code> ... alternative output labels for the corresponding linked pages. Aliases "<code>label ''N''</code>" (with a space) and "<code>l''N''</code>" (short) are also available. * <code>topic</code> - the name of the topic * <code>selfref</code> - if set to "yes", "y", "true" or "1", adds the CSS class "selfref". This is used to denote self-references to Wikipedia. See [[Template:Selfref]] for more information. * <code>category</code> - if set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", suppresses the error tracking category ([[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]). This only has an effect if the first positional parameter (the page to link to) is omitted. == Interwiki links == To link to articles on foreign language Wikipedias, use [[H:IL|interwiki links]], prefixing the page name in the foreign Wikipedia with the required interwiki language code: ; Basic interwiki links to articles in Spanish and German: :{{tlx|further|es:PÁGINA1|de:SEITE2}} → {{further|es:PÁGINA1|de:SEITE2}} ; Multiple interwiki links with language names: Note that you can use the ''TOPIC'' and ''LABEL'' parameters in combination to produce this effect: : {{tlx|Further|topic{{=}}Eero Heinonen, in|de:Eero Heinonen|es:Eero Heinonen|fi:Eero Heinonen|l1{{=}}German|l2{{=}}Spanish|l3{{=}}Finnish}} → {{Further|topic=Eero Heinonen, in|de:Eero Heinonen|es:Eero Heinonen|fi:Eero Heinonen|l1=German|l2=Spanish|l3=Finnish}} Template {{tl|Further ill}} can produce similar links, but in a format more like that of {{tl|interlanguage link}}. == Errors == If no page names are supplied, the template will output the following message: * {{further|category=no}} If you see this error message, it is for one of four reasons: # No parameters were specified (the template code was <code><nowiki>{{further}}</nowiki></code>). Please use <code><nowiki>{{further|</nowiki>''page''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> instead. # Some parameters were specified, but no page names were included. For example, the template text <code><nowiki>{{further|selfref=yes}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. Please use (for example) <code><nowiki>{{further|</nowiki>''page''<nowiki>|selfref=yes}}</nowiki></code> instead. # A page name was specified, but it contains an equals sign ("="). The equals sign has a special meaning in template code, and because of this it cannot be used in template parameters that do not specify a parameter name. For example, the template code <code><nowiki>{{further|1+1=2|2+2=4}}</nowiki></code> will produce this error. To work around this, you can specify the parameter name explicitly by using <code>1=</code>, <code>2</code>, etc., before the page name, like this: <code><nowiki>{{further|1=1+1=2|2=2+2=4}}</nowiki></code>. # You tried to access the module directly by using <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:(module name)|further|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. Use of #invoke in this way has been disabled for performance reasons. Please use <code><nowiki>{{(module name)|</nowiki>''text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> instead. If you see this error message and are unsure of what to do, please post a message on [[WP:HD|the help desk]], and someone should be able to help you. Pages that contain this error message are tracked in [[:Category:Hatnote templates with errors]]. == See also == * {{tl|Further-text}} * {{tl|Excerpt}}, which allows transclusion of text (such as an intro section) from one article into another * {{Tl|Broader}} * {{Tl|Main}} {{Hatnote templates}} {{Collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "Template used to link to pages containing further information on a topic. Produces the output \"Further information: page 1, page 2 and page 3\".", "params": { "1": { "label": "Page 1", "description": "The name of the first page that you want to link to.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Page 2", "description": "The name of the second page that you want to link to.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "Page 3", "description": "The name of the third page that you want to link to. More pages can be added using the parameters \"4\", \"5\", \"6\", etc.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "selfref": { "type": "string/line", "label": "Self reference", "description": "Set to \"yes\" if the template is a self-reference to Wikipedia that would not make sense on mirrors or forks of the Wikipedia site." }, "category": { "label": "Category", "description": "Set to \"no\", \"n\", \"false\", or \"0\" to suppresses the error tracking category (Category:Hatnote templates with errors). This only has an effect if no page names are specified." }, "label1": { "aliases": [ "label 1", "l1" ], "label": "Label 1", "description": "The displayed label of the first page link", "type": "string" }, "label2": { "aliases": [ "label 2", "l2" ], "label": "Label 2", "description": "The displayed label of the second page link", "type": "string" }, "label3": { "aliases": [ "label 3", "l3" ], "label": "Label 3", "description": "The displayed label for the third page link. Labels for further pages can be added using the parameters \"label4\", \"label5\", \"label6\", etc.", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Wikipedia page-section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Hatnote templates]] [[Category:Exclude in print]] }}</includeonly> e6e6g04j4i9oua43nv2024o934141zm 10 11590 84671 2022-05-20T01:35:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Selfref wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Self reference]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} {{R from alternative spelling}} {{R from move}} }} n5w8ks5446u6ib8xbb96cthwoqy97mr 10 11591 84672 2022-05-20T01:35:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Self reference wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{2|NONE}}} |NONE|hatnote|hat={{Hatnote|extraclasses=plainlinks selfreference noprint|1={{{1}}}}} |inline=<div class="plainlinks selfreference" style="display:inline; font-style: italic;"><!--Same style as class hatnote.-->{{{1}}}</div> |<!--Matching the empty string here for unprintworthy content is for backwards compatibility with the 2006-2008 version. Do not depend on it!-->=<div style="display:inline;" class="plainlinks selfreference noprint">{{{1}}}</div> |#default={{error|Second parameter must be <code>hatnote</code>, <code>hat</code>, or <code>inline</code>}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES THE /doc SUBPAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA, THANKS --> </noinclude> 1fofexag5alr80pdl56blk7jpylp120 10 11592 84673 2022-05-20T01:36:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Self reference/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Template:Self reference cleanup}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|2060}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE, AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA. --> {{never substitute}} The {{tlf|Self reference}} template generates a [[WP:HAT|hatnote]] that will ''not'' appear in any [[WP:Reusing Wikipedia content|reuse of Wikipedia article content]], including the [[Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts#List_of_access_keys|printable version]] of an article. The template's intended purpose is to display information that is relevant only to a reader viewing the article directly within Wikipedia. Such information might include a [[WP:DAB|disambiguation]] statement that points to a [[WP:H|Wikipedia help]] page or an instruction to editors. (In [[WP:Glossary|Wikipedia terminology]], these are forms of self-reference.) Unlike many hatnote templates, {{tlf|Self reference}} has no preset text, link generation, or formatting other than italics. <code><nowiki>{{Self reference|Foo}}</nowiki></code> simply returns ''Foo''. Many hatnote templates that ''do'' contain helpful preset text and linking, such as {{t|for}} and {{t|about}}, support a {{para|selfref}} parameter that gives them the same functionality as {{tlf|Self reference}}, making them better options in most circumstances. In most cases, references to the Wikipedia project are discouraged, and the valid uses for this template are rare. Consultation of the list of [[Wikipedia:Self-references to avoid|Self-references to avoid]] is advisable. == Usage == In most cases, {{tlf|Selfref}} is used to create a disambiguation link to a page in the "Wikipedia:" namespace from article-space; for instance, the page [[Objectivity (disambiguation)]] could have a self-referential "[[WP:HATNOTE|hatnote]]" link at the top: <code><nowiki>{{Selfref|For Wikipedia's policy on avoiding bias, see [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]].}}</nowiki></code>. When using {{tlf|Selfref}} in this way, use the following format: <pre> {{Selfref|The self-referential notice to display, including [[MOS:LINK|links]].}} </pre> which produces: {{Selfref|The self-referential notice to display, including [[MOS:LINK|links]].}} italicized (Wikipedia house style for self-referential notes), and both preceded and followed by a linebreak. For inline use (in body text, mid-sentence, and {{em|not}} in hatnotes), without the indentation and line breaking, use {{tlx|Selfref inline}}: <pre> {{Selfref inline|the self-referential text to display, including [[MOS:LINKS|links]]}} </pre> which produces: {{Selfref inline|the self-referential text to display, including [[MOS:LINKS|links]]}} (illustrated here on the same line as other content). Template {{tnull|Selfref}} also has the parameter {{para||inline}}: <pre> {{Selfref|the self-referential text to display, including [[MOS:LINKS|links]]|inline}} </pre> However, {{as of |alt=as of early 2019|2019|01|post=,}} it does not always function properly, and may cause a line break under some circumstances. === Unprintworthy content === Rarely, there is other, non-self-referential content which shouldn't appear in mirrors, print editions, or other off-Wikipedia reuses of Wikipedia content, and which shouldn't be italicized as a self-reference. It is preferable to mark such unprintworthy content with the {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} template (which includes the <code>noprint</code> CSS class, but not the <code>plainlinks</code> class, since links in such content will not be internal self-references). Although not all [[WP:Mirrors and forks|mirror sites]] do so, the content in question can be removed by reusers of WP content, without any reformatting, by ignoring or removing content marked up by this template, or more accurately by the <code>selfreference</code> CSS class that it (and some other templates) use. '''Note: The following syntax has been obsolete since 2008, and if you see it, replace it as described below.''' There was a {{em|deprecated}}, pre-2008 legacy usage of {{tlf|Selfref}} that was used for such unprintworthy cases, and pre-dates the {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} template. This is to simply end the template with a pipe character &ndash; <code>|</code>: {{dc2|1=<pre> {{Selfref|the unprintworthy text to display without self-ref styling|}}</pre>}} This method cannot be depended upon. For one thing, many editors would interpret the ending pipe as an error and remove it, turning the template into an indented self-ref hatnote! It also has not been used since 2008. Any remaining uses of it should be replaced with {{tl|Selfref inline}} (if real a self-references) or {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} (if simply unprintworthy). == Example == {|border=1 class="wikitable" ! Code !! Page on Wikipedia !! Page on [some] mirrors |- | <code><nowiki>{{Selfref|For the Wikipedia Sandbox, see [[WP:SAND]]}}</nowiki></code> <code><nowiki>The Wikipedia Sandbox is a page on Wikipedia. {{Selfref|(You can edit it by clicking "edit" on the page.)|inline}} It has been edited many times.</nowiki></code> | {{Selfref|For the Wikipedia Sandbox, see [[WP:SAND]]}} The Wikipedia Sandbox is a page on Wikipedia. {{Selfref|(You can edit it by clicking "edit" on the page.)|inline}} It has been edited many times. | The Wikipedia Sandbox is a page on Wikipedia. It has been edited many times. |} == See also == *[[Wikipedia:Self-references to avoid]] *{{tlx|srlink}}, for the opposite case when you want a link to the Wikipedia: namespace that ''does'' show in mirrors without breaking (for instance when writing an article about Wikipedia or something connected to it). *{{tlx|Printworthy selfref}} – for cases of self-references that are printworthy and may or may not be desired by reusers of WP content, depending upon whether they are mirroring or just using single articles *{{tlx|Unprintworthy inline}} – for unprintworthy inline material that isn't technically a self-reference *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote]] {{Navbox hatnote templates|state=collapsed}}<includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, THANK YOU. --> [[Category:Wikipedia self-reference templates]]<!--For both forms of this template.--> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]]<!--For frequent use atop DAB pages; it's not actually a DAB/redir template, per se.--> [[Category:Wikipedia page-section templates]]<!--For hatnote usage only.--> [[Category:Cross-reference templates]]<!--For the inline usage.--> }}</includeonly> k38ct928oaufk0coubqv46psucc60gd 10 11593 84674 2022-05-20T01:36:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox hatnote templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Hatnote templates | state = {{{state|<includeonly>autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | belowclass = hlist | title = [[WP:Hatnote#Hatnote templates|Hatnote templates]] | above = *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote]] *[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation]] *[[Wikipedia:Redirect]] | group1 = Generic | list1 = *{{tl|Hatnote}} *{{tl|Selfref}} (for self-references) | group2 = For and about | list2 = *{{tl|For}} *{{tl|For-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|For multi}} (for multiple uses) *{{tl|About}} *Variations: {{tl|Other uses}} *{{tl|Other uses of}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-distinguish}} *{{tl|About-distinguish-text}} *{{tl|About-redirect}} | group3 = Other topics | list3 = *{{tl|Other people}} *{{tl|About other people}} (adds "about" description) *{{tl|Similar names}} *{{tl|Other places}} *{{tl|Other ships}} *{{tl|Other hurricanes}} | group4 = Redirect | list4 = *{{tl|Redirect}} *{{tl|Redirect2}} (for two redirects) *{{tl|Redirect-multi}} (for multiple redirects) *{{tl|Redirect-several}} (for several redirects, without listing each) *{{tl|Redirect-synonym}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-text}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-redirect}} *{{tl|Technical reasons}} | group5 = Distinguish | list5 = *{{tl|Distinguish}} (supports custom text too) *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish}} *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Redirect-distinguish-for}} *{{tl|About-distinguish}} *{{tl|About-distinguish-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Maybe distinguish}} | group6 = For use in sections | list6 = *{{tl|Main}} *{{tl|Further}} *{{tl|Further-text}} (for custom text) *{{tl|Further ill}} *{{tl|See also}} *{{tl|See also if exists}} *{{tl|For outline}} | group7 = Special | list7 = *{{tl|Broader}} *{{tl|See introduction}} *{{tl|See Wiktionary}} *{{tl|Transcluding article}} *{{tl|Transcluded section}} | group8 = Subject specific | list8 = * {{tl|Year dab}} * {{tl|Highway detail hatnote}} * {{tl|For LMST}} * {{tl|WikiIPA}} | below = *{{Icon|cat}} [[:Category:Hatnote templates]] **[[:Category:Hatnote modules|modules]] **[[:Category:Hatnote templates for names|for [family] names]] **[[:Category:Hatnote templates for lists|for lists]] *[[Template:Category hatnote templates|hatnote templates for category pages]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gjwwcstyabypbs6itnyog3p369hnbgb 10 11594 84675 2022-05-20T01:36:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navbox hatnote templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{Collapsible option|statename=optional}} == TemplateData for [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] == <templatedata> { "params": { "state": {} } } </templatedata> == See also == *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote#Hatnote_templates|Wikipedia's Hatnote templates]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> a5eidh4be2a03e8p9knwenkx132i685 10 11595 84676 2022-05-20T01:37:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Selfref inline wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote inline|selfref=yes|1={{{1}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 1lpvpxhz6c310w9mxnv8a5zcq4pyyul 10 11596 84677 2022-05-20T01:38:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Selfref inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> This is an inline (non-block, non-line-breaking) equivalent of {{tlx|Selfref}}. It uses the meta-template {{tlx|Hatnote inline}} == Usage == This is an {{em|inline}} (e.g. mid-sentence) template for marking up text as a (presumably appropriate) [[Wikipedia:Self-reference]]. It applies various CSS classes used for printworthiness and other purposes, and applies an italic typeface, our standard for such self-refs, as used in [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnotes]] and other cross-references and annotations. '''This template takes a single parameter''', unnamed or numbered {{para|1}}, containing the text to mark as a [[Wikipedia:Self-reference]]. If the content contains an equals sign (=), then the parameter must be named, or the template will break. This is just a limitation of the templating language. == See also == * {{tlx|Crossreference}}, for a specific form of inline self-reference * {{tlx|Self reference}}, a block hatnote * {{tlx|Self reference cleanup}}, a cleanup/dispute banner about inappropriate self-references * {{tlx|Self-reference link}}, used in articles about Wikipedia to link to a Wikipedia page in the form of an external link, so that the link will still work on mirrors and forks of Wikipedia * {{tlx|Unprintworthy inline}}, for unprintworthy inline material that isn't a self-ref <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Inline templates]] }}</includeonly> 68t1cfs08suwtahosc0fy5g5c97k03b 10 11597 84678 2022-05-20T01:39:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespaces wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center; width:21.5em;; font-size: 90%" |+ [[Wikipedia:Administration#Data structure and development|Wikipedia data structure]] ! colspan="4" style="background:#d3d3d3;" |{{center| [[Wikipedia:Namespace|Namespaces]]}} |- ! colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;" | [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject namespaces|Subject namespaces]] ! colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;" | [[Help:Talk pages|Talk namespaces]] |- ! 0 | [[Wikipedia:What is an article?#Namespace|(Main/Article)]] | {{ns:1}} ! 1 |- ! 2 | [[Wikipedia:User pages|{{ns:2}}]] | {{ns:3}} ! 3 |- ! 4 | [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|{{ns:4}}]] | {{ns:5}} ! 5 |- ! 6 | [[Help:Files|{{ns:6}}]] | {{ns:7}} ! 7 |- ! 8 | [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|{{ns:8}}]] | {{ns:9}} ! 9 |- ! 10 | [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|{{ns:10}}]] | {{ns:11}} ! 11 |- ! 12 | [[Wikipedia:Help namespace|{{ns:12}}]] | {{ns:13}} ! 13 |- ! 14 | [[Help:Category|{{ns:14}}]] | {{ns:15}} ! 15 |- ! 100 | [[Wikipedia:Portal|{{ns:100}}]] | {{ns:101}} ! 101 |- ! 118 | [[Wikipedia:Drafts|{{ns:118}}]] | {{ns:119}} ! 119 |- ! 710 | [[mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler|{{ns:710}}]] | {{ns:711}} ! 711 |- ! 828 | [[Wikipedia:Lua|{{ns:828}}]] | {{ns:829}} ! 829 |- ! colspan="4" style="background:#ddd;" | [[Wikipedia:Namespace#Deprecated|Deprecated]] |- ! 2300 | [[Wikipedia:Gadget|{{ns:2300}}]] | {{ns:2301}} ! 2301 |- ! 2302 | [[Wikipedia:Gadget|{{ns:2302}}]] | {{ns:2303}} ! 2303 {{yesno|{{{show virtual ns|yes}}}|yes= {{!}}- ! colspan="4" style="background:#ddd;" {{!}} {{center|[[Wikipedia:Namespace#Virtual namespaces|Virtual namespaces]]}} {{!}}- ! -1 {{!}} colspan="3" {{!}} [[Help:Special page|{{ns:-1}}]] {{!}}- ! -2 {{!}} colspan="3" {{!}} [[Help:Files|{{ns:-2}}]] |no=}} |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ckh6pxyfg0zr8q3x0bic1932nuzgik2 10 11598 84679 2022-05-20T01:39:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Namespaces/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> == Usage == {{tl|Namespaces}} is used as a sidebar, mostly on Wikipedia pages about the different namespaces. ==See also== * {{Tlx|Namespace Greek}} assigns a Greek letter to each namespace, to assist sorting. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia namespace templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] }}</includeonly> tavu5ri3lioybwjdmdpvjjalgik06cz 10 11599 84680 2022-05-20T01:39:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Center wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;{{#if: {{{style|}}} | {{{style}}};}}">{{{1|[[Category:Pages using center with no arguments]]}}}</div></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> 38x2xq80xds08acnl4ckgen0glwk14x 10 11600 84681 2022-05-20T01:40:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Center/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Abusefilter-top100]]}} == Description == It is to center elements on a page. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == {{See also|Span and div}} {{markup | <nowiki>{{Center|Hello world!}}</nowiki> | {{Center|Hello world!}} }} To do this without a template, simply use the following code: <syntaxhighlight lang="HTML"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">...</div> </syntaxhighlight> To center a table, see [[Help:TABLECENTER]]. Notes: * If the markup to be centered includes an equals sign, the markup must be preceded by <code>1=</code>. Example: <code><nowiki>{{Center|1=the <span style="color:red">red</span> one}}</nowiki></code>. * If the markup to be centered includes a displaying pipe, the pipe must be escaped as <code><nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki></code> or <code>&amp;#124;</code>. === Tables === Using {{tlc|left}} / {{tlc|center}} / {{tlc|right}} {| class="wikitable" !colspan="3" style="width:300px"| Header text |- | {{Left|Left}} || {{Center|Center}} || {{Right|Right}} |} Using {{tlc|align|left}} / {{tlc|align|center}} / {{tlc|align|right}} {| class="wikitable" !colspan="3" style="width:300px"| Header text |- | {{align|left|Left}} || {{align|center|Center}} || {{align|right|Right}} |} == Tracking category == Pages, which use {{tl|Center}} without an argument, are added to the {{clc|Pages using center with no arguments}}. == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "type": "content", "required": true, "description": "Content to be centered" }, "style": { "label": "Custom CSS" } }, "description": "A simple template to center-align content in tables and other places. Be aware that the center class is applied to this template, which means every element within the template has its left and right margins set to auto. This may harm some templates." } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|right}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Image frame}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates]] }}</includeonly> sp2needzium45jcqsl9775431nma0bd 10 11601 84682 2022-05-20T01:40:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Left wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:left;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:left"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}}[[Category:Pages using left with no arguments]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> </noinclude> teirowkfq8gw2jcurqiv67o4zj839qf 10 11602 84683 2022-05-20T01:40:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Left/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{High-use}} == Description == It is to '''left''' align elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == With no input arguments, it saves typing the following text (in a table): : <code><nowiki>style="text-align:left"|</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{left}}</nowiki></code> at the start of the table cell. It will leave [[:Category:Pages using left with no arguments]]. With an input argument, it saves typing: : <code><nowiki>&lt;div style="float:left;">...</div&gt;</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{left|content}}</nowiki></code> to align contents. == Examples == === Example 1 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} === Example 2 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Left|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} ==TemplateData== <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Content", "description": "Content to be left aligned", "type": "content", "required": true } }, "description": "Left aligns elements on a page" } </templatedata> ==Tracking category== * {{clc|Pages using left with no arguments}} == See also == * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|right}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|Image frame}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 6e1si2j2hmu0o2eu7atbhvdebd7g8bk 10 11603 84684 2022-05-20T01:41:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Right wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#ifeq:{{{1|a}}}|{{{1|b}}} |<div style="float:right;">{{{1|}}}</div> |style="text-align:right"{{{{{|safesubst:}}}!}}[[Category:Pages using right with no input arguments]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3yymudrsw2rw3o0gotfv079aomohukp 10 11604 84685 2022-05-20T01:41:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Right/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-risk}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Description == It is to '''right''' align in-line elements on a page. The only parameter is the content to be aligned. See also [[Template:Align]] for more options and flexibility. == Usage == With no input arguments, it saves typing the following text (in a table): : <code><nowiki>style="text-align:right"|</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{right}}</nowiki></code> at the start of the table cell. It will leave [[:Category:Pages using right with no input arguments]]. With an input argument, it saves typing: : <code><nowiki>&lt;div style="float:right;">...</div&gt;</nowiki></code> To use, type <code><nowiki>{{right|content}}</nowiki></code> to align contents. == Examples == === Example 1 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right}} Content1A <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} === Example 2 === {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} <pre style="overflow:auto"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} </pre> {{col-break|gap=2em}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:30em; text-align:center" !colspan="4"| Header text |- | {{Right|Content1A}} <br/> Content1B || Content2 |} {{col-end}} == Tracking category == Pages, which use {{tl|right}} without an argument, are added to the following: * {{clc|Pages using right with no input arguments}} == See also == * {{tl|align}} * {{tl|center}}, {{tl|left}} and {{tl|justify}} * {{tl|Center block}} * {{tl|Image frame}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Positioning templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> i4533wp3smehk69tqfc4j3ucf74jclx 10 11605 84686 2022-05-20T01:42:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Internal search templates common doc wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Anchor|Templates to search Wikipedia}}Templates for searching Wikipedia== ===Search links=== A ''search link'' stores a query in a link that takes you to live search results for that stored search. They're found on user pages and talk pages. Use one to bring the full feature set of MediaWiki Search, or features of external search engines, to bear on users unfamiliar with their search parameters. One type of search link is a wikilink with all the capabilities of Search (search box), and with standard wikilink syntax: <kbd>{{nowrap | [<nowiki/>[Special:Search/''query''{{!}} ''label'']]}}</kbd>. So this search link will (1) [[help:navigation|navigate]]: [<nowiki/>[Special:search/Wales]] &rarr; [[Special:search/Wales]] or (2) search: <kbd>{{nowrap | [<nowiki/>[Special:search/~Wales {{!}} search/~Wales]]}}</kbd> &rarr; [[Special:search/~Wales|search/~Wales]] if you prefix a ~ tilde character. All other search links are made from a [[help:template|template]] that will build a URL instead of wikilink. A URL can for example can call off-site search engines to search Wikipedia. *{{tl|Search link}} offers all the capabilities of [[Help:Searching|Searching]] (search box), plus extra (URL) parameters for combinations of namespaces, and where you can escape the 20-results-per page-limitation, shareable: <kbd>{{nowrap | {<nowiki>{search link | et al | ''label'' | ns4 | ns5 | limit = 123}}</nowiki>}}</kbd> &rarr; {{search link|et al | ''label'' | ns4 | ns5 | limit = 123}}. *{{tl|Regex}} – develop an advanced regex search. <kbd>{<nowiki/>{regex | \<--.*--> | label = Articles with comments missing the ! bang character | prefix=0}}</kbd> &rarr; {{regex | \<--.*--> | label = Articles with comments missing the ! bang character |prefix=0}} *{{tl|Template usage}} – develop a ''template'' regex search, and pinpoint specific template-call details. <kbd>{<nowiki/>{Template usage | Convert | <nowiki>\{{!}}C\{{!}}F</nowiki> | 0 | Articles that convert Celsius to Fahrenheit}}</kbd> &rarr; {{template usage|Convert|\{{!}}C\{{!}}F|0|Articles that convert Celsius to Fahrenheit}} *{{tl|ShortSearch}} – create three search links: <kbd>{<nowiki/>{ShortSearch | system operations research}}</kbd> &rarr; {{ShortSearch | system operations research}} (search Wikipedia, "Google" Wikipedia, and Google search) *{{tl|wpsearch}} – create five search links: <kbd><nowiki>{{wpsearch|collaborative search}}</nowiki></kbd> &rarr; {{wpsearch|collaborative search}} *{{tl|Wikidata search link}} – creates a [[d:Wikidata:Main page|Wikidata]] search link for descriptions, entities, items, properties, etc. &rarr; {{Wikidata search link|Universe}} ===Search boxes=== *{{tl|Search box}} – Simple search box with choice of button below or to the right *{{tl|Search prefixes}} – Multiple pages' subpages are searched at once. *{{tl|Archive banner}} – For searching archives. It is of banner-style, like many other [[Template:Warchivenav|archive templates]]. Search boxes are made by {{tag|inputbox|o}} tags. See [[mw:Extension:InputBox]]. ===Page title searches=== *{{tl|Canned search}} – Link to automated search results for a given term *{{tl|In title}} – Search for pages whose name ''contains'' given words *{{tl|Look from}} – Search for pages whose name ''begins'' with a given word For searches with exact matches, exact in upper and lower cases, or in punctuation marks, see {{section link|Help:Searching#grep}}. ===Other Wikipedia editor help=== *{{tl|Linksearch}} – Searches for external links matching a URL *{{tlg|dabsearch|italics=on|term}} – External tool to find page titles containing a <code>(''term'')</code> in parentheses; useful for [[Wikipedia:disambiguation]] study *{{tl|Help desk searches}} – Navbox with list of links to Google pages, specialized to search for example user pages, [[Wikipedia:Village pump|village pump]], etc.; useful for [[Wikipedia:Help desk]] tasks *{{tl|Spamsearch}} – Searches user pages for common spams, e.g. "we service", "leading manufacturer", etc. <!-- Useless templates (but actually, another editor says, their parameters might make them useful and worthy of this section, when someone has the time to research each one): *The search box in every Wikipedia page makes them useless: **{{Content search link}}: Make a link to the search page **{{Search wikipedia}}: Creates another search box. **{{top search bar}}: spam **{{top search bar2}}: spam --> {{{Seealso| ==See also== {{{Append|}}} *[[Help:Searching]] *{{cat|Search templates}} *[[mw:Extension:InputBox#General syntax|MediaWiki:Extension:InputBox §&nbsp;General syntax]] - how to create your own search box using {{tag|inputbox}} }}}<noinclude> Hereafter is within a set of {{tag|noinclude}} tags. ---- ==Description of this template== This template is [[Wikipedia:Transcluded content/Transcluding a page section|transcluded]] into the [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation pages]] of some templates. You can modify the {{section link|#See also}} section with the following parameters: *<code>append</code>: Items to be added to. *<code>seealso</code>: Changes the section altogether. Example 1: {{<nowiki/>Internal search templates common doc|append=<br/> <nowiki/>*[[Help:Searching]]<br/> <nowiki/>*[[Help:Template]]}} Example 2: {{tnull|Internal search templates common doc|seealso{{=}}}}<br/> This will delete the "See also" section. [[Category:Documentation shared content templates]] [[Category:Search templates| ]] [[Category:Searching in Wikipedia]] </noinclude> 1d244smn93lu3yo3o3ojfd1v2mv28yc 10 11606 84687 2022-05-20T01:42:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Regex wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><!-- Make a search link. -->{{plain link |url = {{fullurl:Special:Search|search=<!-- -->{{urlencode:<!-- encodes spaces, so let's avoid unecessary spaces. Add the "insource:" and its regex /slash delimiters/ -->insource:/{{{pattern|{{{1|''regexp''}}}}}}/<!-- Add "prefix:" You see the space before it. --> prefix:<!-- -->{{#switch:<!-- add namespace "numbers and letters" recognition --> {{{prefix|{{{2|}}}}}} |#default = {{{prefix|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}} |n = {{NAMESPACE}} |0|: = : |1 = {{ns:1}}: |2 = {{ns:2}}: |3 = {{ns:3}}: |4 = {{ns:4}}: |5 = {{ns:5}}: |6 = {{ns:6}}: |7 = {{ns:7}}: |8 = {{ns:8}}: |9 = {{ns:9}}: |10 = {{ns:10}}: |11 = {{ns:11}}: |12 = {{ns:12}}: |13 = {{ns:13}}: |14 = {{ns:14}}: |15 = {{ns:15}}: |100 = {{ns:100}}: |101 = {{ns:101}}: |108 = {{ns:108}}: |109 = {{ns:109}}: |118 = {{ns:118}}: |119 = {{ns:119}}: |711 = {{ns:711}}: |710 = {{ns:710}}: |828 = {{ns:828}}: |829 = {{ns:829}}: |2600 = {{ns:2600}}: }} }}<!-- End urlencode. --> }}<!-- End fullurl url done Now for name param of plainlinks. Appearance of link looks just like the query, unless labeled. --> |name = {{#if: {{{label|{{{3|}}}}}} |{{{label|{{{3}}}}}} |insource:/<!-- rebuilding the query for show this time You saw the "insource:" output. Plainlink's name can't have [[ or ], else it breaks the display. -->{{#invoke:String|replace |{{#invoke:String|replace |{{{pattern|{{{1|regexp}}}}}}<!-- Given pattern -->|[|&#91;}}<!-- Replace any/all [ with HTML symbol -->|]|&#93;}}/<!-- replace any/all ] with there HTML symbol You saw the / added at the end of insource:/regex/ And now for the prefix part of the name plainlinks needs. You see the space before the "prefix:" output. --> prefix:<!-- -->{{#switch: {{{prefix|{{{2|}}}}}} |#default = {{{prefix|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}} |n = {{NAMESPACE}} |0|: = &#58; <!-- html-symbol escape the : from the template rendering--> |1 = {{ns:1}}: |2 = {{ns:2}}: |3 = {{ns:3}}: |4 = {{ns:4}}: |5 = {{ns:5}}: |6 = {{ns:6}}: |7 = {{ns:7}}: |8 = {{ns:8}}: |9 = {{ns:9}}: |10 = {{ns:10}}: |11 = {{ns:11}}: |12 = {{ns:12}}: |13 = {{ns:13}}: |14 = {{ns:14}}: |15 = {{ns:15}}: |100 = {{ns:100}}: |101 = {{ns:101}}: |108 = {{ns:108}}: |109 = {{ns:109}}: |118 = {{ns:118}}: |119 = {{ns:119}}: |711 = {{ns:711}}: |710 = {{ns:710}}: |828 = {{ns:828}}: |829 = {{ns:829}}: |2600 = {{ns:2600}}: }} }}<!-- end #if: {{{label}}} or {{{3}}} name done --> }}<!-- End of plainlinks --></onlyinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> n4u082r6gfmbltoc58x83ykzvhesr42 10 11607 84688 2022-05-20T01:43:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Regex/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tsh|slre}} == Purpose == This template helps field the details in the wikitext of any page on the wiki. Normally searches ignore non-alphanumeric characters, but regular expressions (regex) accept all characters, plus metacharacters. This template acts as a doorway by helping to develop a database query before running it on the wiki, and it does this by way of a [[Template:Internal search templates common doc|search link]] that can also be used to share such discoveries. This template can also be used to learn the regular expression syntax of [[Special:Version#Installed software|this version]] of [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch|Cirrus Search]]. You could use a bare {{tlf|search link}} to do all this, but this template saves a lot of typing (see below), so you only need to focus on entering a regexp. An important alternative to using this template is performing a [[H:S|search]] directly with ''insource:''<kbd>"quotes-delimited arguments"</kbd>. These find wikitext without resorting to the [[regex]] searches this template does with ''insource:''<kbd>/slash-delimited arguments/</kbd>, (which is a common syntax for regex searches). See [[#About CirrusSearch|&sect; About CirrusSearch]] below for a better understanding of when this template is not needed. See below for other search tools. [[Regular expressions]] are little computer programs, so it is characteristic of regex searches that they must always be tested to achieve their potential precision and thoroughness. But only a few of these intensive searches are technically able to run at a time against the database. This template minimizes your footprint, and guarantees that you will never run an untested regexp on every namespace in the wiki, even if [[H:S#User preferences|your default search]] would let you do that. Use of this template enables the smallest possible footprint by using filters to limit the search domain. The first domain it targets is its own page in an {{lang|la|ad hoc}} sandbox. Once your regexp pattern is honed, you add a search domain, by setting {{para|prefix}}. == Parameters == {{more|Help:Parameters}} {| class="wikitable" |- |{{para|pattern}} or {{param|1}}|| a regexp search pattern. Pattern is also the first positional parameter. |- |{{para|prefix}} or {{param|2}}|| search domain. Prefix accepts a [[WP:namespace|namespace]] number, or <code>n</code> for the current namespace, or <code>:</code> for mainspace, plus it has [[H:S#Parameters|the usual ''prefix:'' meaning]]. Defaults to its current page ([[wp:fullpagename|fullpagename]]) if a pattern is given alone. |- |{{para|label}} or {{param|3}}|| search link label. Label is also a positional parameter. |} == Procedure == Decide whether you really need a thoroughly precise regexp search, or whether you can find the general wikitext of interest with a plain ''insource:'' filter. Examples of the plain ''insource:'' search are in [[#Parameters hastemplate and insource|&sect; Parameters hastemplate and insource]]. In those cases, {{tl|search link}} is sufficient, and sandboxing is not being suggested. ''Namespace plus pagename equals fullpagename.'' The procedure here is an iterative, read-evaluate-modify cycle. # Find an existing fullpagename with the wikitext instances you are interested in targeting. Or create one yourself, and save it to the database so the query will find it. # Open the wikitext, and enter a {{para|pattern}}. Prefix will be added later. # Show Preview. See the pattern in the newly created search link. # Click on the search link. Note the bold text in each match, the centered, complete query, and note the count off to the right. # Go back in your browser. Modify the regexp. Cycle. Or don't go back, you may need to majorly reset at the complete query. # Enter a {{para|prefix}}. Start with a namespace. At the complete query trim results via [[H:S#Parameters|the first letter(s) of]] pagenames tacked onto the namespace's automatically-given colon. Step '''6''' is the core provision of this template. ''Caveat emptor'': if you change the ''target'', you'll have to re-save it to the database. If you target it again immediately, you'll want to [[WP:Purge|purge]] that target. You don't have to ever purge ''if you just change {{para|pattern}}''. Note that you can target any single page using ''prefix:''. {{Help:Searching/Regex/Sandboxing}}<!-- --> {{Help:Searching/Features}}<!-- -->{{#section:Help:Searching/Regex|Regular expressions}}<!-- -->{{#section:Help:Searching/Regex|Metacharacters}} For this template, it is necessary to enter the pipe character using <nowiki>\{{!}}</nowiki> to find a literal pipe character in the wikitext. {{#section:|Help:Searching/Regex|Character classes}}<!-- -->{{#section:Help:Searching/Regex|Alternation}} For this template, we need to replace the pipe character with {{tl|!}} so that the "pipe" for the regexp won't confuse this template (or any other template). We need the parentheses at times because an alternation finds the ''longest'' pattern, and so the parentheses define that boundary, but it's a boundary you don't have to make if an alternation is the entire regexp patter. Regexp searches are restricted on the server, so this template reduces the regex search footprint by using the ''prefix:'' filter every time, restricting the search domain to a namespace ''at most''. The ''prefix:'' parameter can further filter a namespace by specifying [[wp:pagename|pagename]]s that start with a given letter(s).<!-- --> == [[Template:Internal_search_templates_common_doc|Templates for searching Wikipedia ]] == {{Template:Internal_search_templates_common_doc|seealso=|level=2}} * {{tl|template usage}} * {{tl|search link}} * {{tl|for loop}} == Notes == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata. --> [[Category:Search templates]] }}</includeonly> iuo5s4aczdc9uifbxzg2v7o6g9kv8fj 10 11608 84689 2022-05-20T01:43:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:More wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Further]] {{Redirect category shell|{{R from template shortcut}}}} t4csav5rstwf7z2i5k2l3camiou88e1 10 11609 84690 2022-05-20T01:44:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template usage wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Curly brackets matching should ignore [^}], \{{!}}; insource:/\{} is OK. --><onlyinclude><!-- Make a search link. -->{{plain link |url = {{fullurl:Special:Search|search=<!-- -->{{urlencode:<!-- encodes spaces, so let's avoid unecessary spaces. Build this query: hastemplate: template insource:/\{\{ *[Tt]emplate *\| *[^}]*pattern/ Add the ever present "hastemplate:" filter and a space -->hastemplate:"{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}" <!-- Add the "insource:/\{\{ *" -->insource:/\{\{ *<!-- Add the "[Tt]". Save from an expensive, /regexp/i. -->[{{#invoke:String|sub<!-- saw first [ of a "[Tt]" --> |{{uc:{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}}}|1|1}}{{#invoke:String|sub |{{lc:{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}}}|1|1}}]{{#invoke:String|sub <!-- ^ You saw ]. Add "emplate", the rest of the template name, starting from char 2.--> |{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}|2}}<!-- Add the tricky regexp part. --> *\{{!}}[^}]*<!-- optional space " *" around initial pipe initial pipe is \|, i.e. \{{!}} Trickiest part: [character class] inverted with ^: [^any char NOT }] Zero or more (*) of those "non-curly brackets". All this stuff always matches, shows in bold in the search results Add the users regexp pattern part and closing /. -->{{{pattern|{{{2|''regexp''}}}}}}/<!-- Add "prefix:" You see the space before it. --> prefix:<!-- -->{{#switch:<!-- add namespace "numbers and letters" recognition --> {{{prefix|{{{3|}}}}}} |#default = {{{prefix|{{{3|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}} |n = {{NAMESPACE}} |0|: = : |1 = {{ns:1}}: |2 = {{ns:2}}: |3 = {{ns:3}}: |4 = {{ns:4}}: |5 = {{ns:5}}: |6 = {{ns:6}}: |7 = {{ns:7}}: |8 = {{ns:8}}: |9 = {{ns:9}}: |10 = {{ns:10}}: |11 = {{ns:11}}: |12 = {{ns:12}}: |13 = {{ns:13}}: |14 = {{ns:14}}: |15 = {{ns:15}}: |100 = {{ns:100}}: |101 = {{ns:101}}: |108 = {{ns:108}}: |109 = {{ns:109}}: |118 = {{ns:118}}: |119 = {{ns:119}}: |711 = {{ns:711}}: |710 = {{ns:710}}: |828 = {{ns:828}}: |829 = {{ns:829}}: |2600 = {{ns:2600}}: }} }}<!-- End urlencode. --> }}<!-- End fullurl url done Now for name param of plainlinks. Appearance of link looks just like the query, unless labeled. So we're rebuilding the query just for show this time. --> |name = <!-- for commentary see duplicate above --> {{#if: {{{label|{{{4|}}}}}} |{{{label|{{{4}}}}}} |{{#if: {{{prefix|{{{3|}}}}}} |hastemplate:"{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}" <!-- -->insource:/\{\{ *<!-- -->&#91;{{#invoke:String|sub<!-- saw first [ of a "[Tt]" --> |{{uc:{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}}}|1|1}}{{#invoke:String|sub |{{lc:{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}}}|1|1}}&#93;{{#invoke:String|sub |{{{template|{{{1|Template usage}}}}}}|2}}<!-- ^ --> *\{{!}}&#91;^}&#93;*<!-- optional space " *" around initial pipe -->{{#invoke:String|replace |{{#invoke:String|replace |{{{pattern|{{{2|''regexp''}}}}}}<!-- Given pattern -->|[|&#91;}}<!-- Replace any/all [ with HTML symbol -->|]|&#93;}}/<!-- replace any/all ] with there HTML symbol --> prefix:<!-- -->{{#switch:<!-- add namespace "numbers and letters" recognition --> {{{prefix|{{{3|}}}}}} |#default = {{{prefix|{{{3|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}} |n = {{NAMESPACE}} |0|: = <nowiki />: |1 = {{ns:1}}: |2 = {{ns:2}}: |3 = {{ns:3}}: |4 = {{ns:4}}: |5 = {{ns:5}}: |6 = {{ns:6}}: |7 = {{ns:7}}: |8 = {{ns:8}}: |9 = {{ns:9}}: |10 = {{ns:10}}: |11 = {{ns:11}}: |12 = {{ns:12}}: |13 = {{ns:13}}: |14 = {{ns:14}}: |15 = {{ns:15}}: |100 = {{ns:100}}: |101 = {{ns:101}}: |108 = {{ns:108}}: |109 = {{ns:109}}: |118 = {{ns:118}}: |119 = {{ns:119}}: |711 = {{ns:711}}: |710 = {{ns:710}}: |828 = {{ns:828}}: |829 = {{ns:829}}: |2600 = {{ns:2600}}: }} |{{#invoke:String|replace |{{#invoke:String|replace |'''Testing''' <kbd>{{{pattern|{{{2}}}}}}</kbd> '''on this page'''<!-- -->|[|&#91;}}<!-- Replace any/all [ with HTML symbol -->|]|&#93;}}<!-- replace any/all ] with there HTML symbol--> }} }} }}<!-- End of plainlinks --></onlyinclude><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> bns76vh4e0rbsd3890lpyp4i9jw5qe8 10 11610 84691 2022-05-20T01:44:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template usage/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tsh|tlusage|tlre}} == Purpose == This template helps field the details of users' <kbd>parameter=value</kbd> deployments on the wiki for any inline template usage.<ref>Some templates, like ''Info box'', and ''Cite'' are usually written with one line per parameter. These are possible to find using regexp, but this feature is not yet available for this template.</ref> [[Special:Version#installed software|This version]] of the search engine, [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch|Cirrus Search]], offers regular expression searches. Here is the advantage: : {{Sl|hastemplate:"Convert" insource:"{{!}}xx{{!}}" prefix::}} finds 3123 articles, but : {{Template usage|Convert|[\{{!}}xx\{{!}}]|0}} finds the 45 you really wanted, the ones having the xx ''inside the template call''. This template instills some regexp-search best practices: * Always filter a regexp search. Never run a bare regexp search. This template creates a search link, but unlike {{tl|search link}}, this template pre-builds filters and the more arcane elements of the regexp necessary to target a pattern ''inside'' a template wikitext. Here you need only enter the template name, and start focusing on the search "pattern". * Start in a small search domain before running it on the wider wiki. This template defaults the search domain to ''one page'' in order to create a small footprint, because only a few regex searches are technically able to run at a time against the database. It minimizes your footprint, and guarantees that your search link will never run an untested regexp on {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages, even if [[H:S#User preferences|someone's default search]] would let them do that. *Develop the query with the target data in view for study. By default you start with this template in an ''ad hoc'' sandbox, the edit box of a page that already contains a sample of the target. [[Regular expressions]] are formal logic, and so these little computer programs will usually contain mistakes at first that are very easy to discover by running a quick test, so it is characteristic of regex that they are rapidly developed around a small set of test data, rather than slowly debugged against the large data-set they are designed for. {{tl|Regex}} also employs these practices, but not specifically for template calls. With this template developers can 1) generate lists of sub-optimal or non-preferred template usage, and <ref>These will propagate themselves as there presence tempts editors who copy other template calls that they see. These errors are caused by haste, or poor, or misunderstood template documentation.</ref> 2) achieve template feature parity and avoid the need for backward compatible code. They can do this by directly removing unwanted template usage from the wikitext. Robo-edits can change a feature or add a new feature in lock step with a new version of a template. [[WP:AWB]] is such a robo-editor and it can also do safe regexp searches, and is a complete alternative, but you'd have to download Wikipedia first. == Arguments == {{details|Help:Template#Parameters}} {| class="wikitable" |- |{{para|template}} or {{param|1}}|| template name. Defaults to "Template usage". It is also the first unnamed parameter. |- |{{para|pattern}} or {{param|2}}|| a regexp search pattern. Targets the inside of all occurrences of the template in wikitext, that is, after the first pipe and before the closing curly bracket: <kbd>&#123;&#123;Val{{!}}{{hilite|1=9999{{!}}ul=m/s{{!}}fmt=commas}}&#125;&#125;</kbd>. Always use {{tl|!}} for `{{!}}'. Use {{tl|1==}} for `=' at any time, or when using the unnamed form. See [[#About CirrusSearch|&sect;About CirrusSearch]]" below for more details about types of queries. |- |{{para|prefix}} or {{param|3}}|| search domain. Has [[H:S#Parameters|the usual ''prefix:'' meaning]], plus accepts a [[WP:namespace|namespace]] number, or <code>n</code> for the current namespace (or `{<nowiki/>{ns:1}}:', etc.). For all of mainspace use <code>:</code> or <kbd>0</kbd> (zero). To search only mainspace articles that start with ''letter(s)'', assign ''that'' to prefix. To search another namespace that starts with ''letter(s)'', spell-out the namespace (or use `{<nowiki/>{ns:1}}:''letter(s)'', etc.'). Defaults to its current page. |- |{{para|label}} or {{param|4}}|| search link label. It is the forth "unnamed" parameter, so if you enter the first three directly (unnamed), you can also enter a link label directly. |} {<nowiki />{Template | parameters | can direct template behavior.}} :"Named" parameters use <kbd>|{{spaces|2}}name{{spaces|2}}={{spaces|2}}indirect value{{spaces|2}}|</kbd>{{spaces|2}}passing in{{spaces|2}}'<kbd>indirect value</kbd>'. :"Unnamed" parameters use <kbd>|{{spaces|2}}direct value{{spaces|2}}|</kbd>{{spaces|2}}passing in{{spaces|2}}'<kbd>{{spaces|2}}direct value{{spaces|2}}</kbd>' (with outer spaces.) == Procedure == Namespace plus pagename equals fullpagename. The procedure here is an iterative, read-evaluate-modify cycle. # Find an existing fullpagename with the template instances you are interested in targeting. Or create one yourself, and save it to the database so the query will find it. # Open the wikitext. Enter the template name and a regex pattern. (A prefix will be added later.) # Show Preview. # Click the newly rendered search link. Note the bold text in each match, the query (centered), and the count (off to the right). # Go back in your browser to the edit box. (Or don't go back, you may want to modify the query on the search results page.) # Modify the regexp in the edit box. Cycle. # Enter a prefix. Start with a namespace. You can then reduce the number of results by adding [[H:S#Parameters|the first letter(s) of]] pagenames onto the namespace. Then you might need to run each alias (name) the template might have. Step '''6''' is the core provision of this template. ''Caveat emptor'': if you change the ''target'', you'll have to save and [[WP:Purge|purge]], ''but not if you just change the pattern''. This template offers the addition of the search link label, but defaults to showing the regexp. Currently there is no way to share a {{tlf|tlusage}} search link if you want it to search more than one namespace. The workaround is one ''tlusage'' per namespace, or to copy the regexp from a ''tlusage'' results page query to a {{tl|search link}} template, which offers the setting of namespaces, and all. Currently choosing a namespace is not mandatory there, but if you don't choose a namespace there, be aware of possible inconsistencies: the search domain will be different every time it runs, depending on the current user's current search domain. You can set it and forget it at [[Special:Search]] Advanced. == Examples and sandbox == As an ''ad hoc'' sandbox, you can show the wikitext of a section like this, already saved in the database, with template calls on it, modify some patterns, do a Show Preview, and see what matches when you click on the newly formed "search the database" link, all quite safely, and without changing a thing in the database. <!--If you change the below, sample, targets, you'll have to save the page vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv to get them into the database to find them in the query. The first batch here is such concentrated text that it shows up to six or seven hits on the results page. There is no excess verbiage here. --> The template calls that produce "{{val|1|ul=ft/s|fmt = commas}}, {{val|2|u=ft2}}, {{val|3|u=m/s| fmt =commas }}, {{val|4|u=m*s-2}}, {{val|5|u=ft.s-2}}, {{val|6|u=C/J}}, and {{val|7|ul=J/C}}" appear in the wikitext of this section like this: # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|1|ul=ft/s|fmt = commas}}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|2|u=ft2}}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|3|u=m/s| fmt =commas }}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|4|u=m*s-2}}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|5|u=ft.s-2}}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|6|u=C/J}}</nowiki></kbd> # <kbd><nowiki>{{val|7|ul=J/C}}</nowiki></kbd> → {{val|7|ul=J/C}} <!--^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ If you change the above targets, you'll have to save the page to get them into the database to find them in the query.--> Note how the above targets are |numbered|, then click on these links. {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" width="200px" | Query ! Transcluding {{tlf|tlusage}} produces a [[Template:Internal search templates common doc#Search links|search link]] ! Answer |- |'''Q1''' Does this page employ template Val? |{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|search link|hastemplate:"val" prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} |'''A.''' Yes, because its title shows on the search results. |- |'''Q2''' Does this page use Val's fmt parameter? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|fmt }}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|fmt }} |'''A'''. Look for 1 and 3 in the search results in bold text. |- |'''Q3'''. Which calls to Val on this page use <kbd>u=ft</kbd> OR <kbd>ul=ft</kbd>? (a one letter diff) | <code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=ft}} |'''A'''. Look for 1, 2, and 5 in bold text. |- |'''Q4'''. AND of these, who also uses fmt=commas after that? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=ft.*commas}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=ft.*commas}} |A. No context shown, but article title is shown. A half a Bug? |- |Which use one space before commas? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|. commas}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|. commas}} |'''A'''. 1 but not 2. |- |'''Q5'''. Which use either ul?=ft OR fmt=commas |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=(ul?=ft{{!}}co)}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=(ul?=ft{{!}}=co)}} |'''A'''. 1, 2, 3, and 5. |- |'''Q6'''. Which use ''ft'' or ''m'', in {{para|u}} or {{para|ul}}? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=(ft{{!}}m)}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=(ft{{!}}m)}} |'''A'''. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. |- |'''Q7'''. Which use . or * in the unit code? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=u.+(\.{{!}}\*) }}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=u.+(\.{{!}}\*) }} |'''A'''. 4 and 5. |- |Which use a pipe? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|\{{!}} }}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|\{{!}} }} |All of them |- |'''Q8'''. Which use / or - ''within'' the {{para|u}} or {{para|ul}} paramter? |<code><nowiki>{{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=[^{{!}}}]+(\/{{!}}-)}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlusage|val|pattern=ul?=[^{{!}}}]+(\/{{!}}-)}} |'''A'''. 1,3,4,5,6 and 7. |- |'''Q9'''. Where is Val used in the template namespace with u or ul? |<code><nowiki>{{tlre|val|pattern=ul?=|prefix=10}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlre|val|pattern=ul|prefix=10}} |'''A'''. In the 15 or so articles listed. (Uses the {{tlf|tlre}} shortcut.) |- | '''Q10''' Which articles employ {{tl|Convert}}'s "and(-)" option? | <code><nowiki>{{tlre|Convert|Articles using {{tlf|Convert}}'s "and(-)" option.|pattern=and\(-\)|prefix = 0|}}|prefix = 0|}}</nowiki></code> → {{tlre|Convert|Articles using {{tlf|Convert}}'s "and(-)" option.|pattern=and\(-\)|prefix = 0|}} | '''A''' Only two. |} In '''Q2''', notice how the MediaWiki software ignores the spaces ''around'' parameters, but how in '''Q4''' the same MediaWiki software processes the spaces ''inside'' parameters. Q2 might have been solved with a plain <kbd>insource:val fmt</kbd> search because "fmt" and "val" are whole words, and fmt is rarely seen apart from inside Val. How about <kbd>hastemplate:val insource:fmt</kbd>? Also see the {{plain link|https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-regexp-query.html#regexp-syntax| more general examples for the regex of CirrusSearch}}. == About CirrusSearch == These powerful (but expensive) [[mw:Extension:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]] search results could not be obtained with the previous [[mw:Extension:Lucene-search|Lucene-search]] parameters. Regexp searches are restricted on the server, so this template reduces the regex search footprint by using the ''hastemplate:'' filter every time, and further restricts the search domain to a namespace ''at most'', by using the ''prefix:'' filter. The ''prefix:'' filter can also filter a namespace by specifying that only page names that start with given letters are searched. === Parameters insource and hastemplate === {{See also|Help:Search#Parameters}} Here are some notes on the [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]] features of ''hastemplate'' and ''insource''. ''Hastemplate'' finds what is deployed: * hastemplate will '''not''' count a template when only their sub-template is called * hastemplate will '''not''' count templates inside comments * hastemplate will '''not''' count templates inside nowiki tags * hastemplate '''will''' count templates inside parser functions and other templates, as long as the template is wrapped with double curly braces. Hastemplate is case-insensitive. Insource has a dual role: *<kbd>insource:"''quotes-delimited arguments''"</kbd> finds only whole, alphanumeric words, adjacent to one another in that sequence in the wikitext, treating the entire set of non-alpanumeric characters between them as if they were whitespace. For example, <code>insource:"M S"</code> matches <kbd>m/s</kbd>, as do <code>insource:"M-S"</code> and <code>insource:"m=s"</code>; they all have two arguments, and what matched is shown in bold. *Plain <kbd>insource:word1 word2</kbd> has one argument, word1. The words after word1 are treated normally: they're all ANDed as whole words (never as pieces or patterns) OR their word stems, anywhere in the wikitext of the page, and in any sequence; and the match is not shown in bold. (Intitle acts the same way around the "quotes" syntax.) * <kbd>Insource:/''slash delimited argument''/</kbd> finds everything, even comments. It only ever has one argument. What matched is shown in bold text. *<kbd>Insource:/''regexp''/</kbd> finds everything, even pieces and parts, conveying no notion of "words", but only that of a character in an adjacent position to another character in a sequence. * <kbd>Insource:/''regexp''/</kbd> requires you to use <kbd>\/</kbd> for any slash character in the pattern for an obvious reason. It also requires you to "backslash-escape" other metacharacters for various other reasons. For ''insource:'' spaces are not allowed after the colon; it's <code>insource:"</code>, or <code>insource:/</code> for good reasons. Insource "with quotes" is a safe and sufficient way to find many kinds of template usage. Say the target string is {{nowrap|<kbd><nowiki>{{Val|9999|ul=AU|fmt=commas}}</nowiki></kbd>}}: * <kbd>insource:"val 9999 ul AU fmt commas"</kbd> → match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:"9999 ul"</kbd> → match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:"999"</kbd> → no match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:"fmt commas"</kbd> → match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:"ul AU"</kbd> → match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:"ul au"</kbd> → match * <kbd>hastemplate: val insource:fmt</kbd> → match In some cases there might be disadvantages. The ''insource'':"quotes version", is case insensitive and blind to non-alphanumeric characters. In other cases it is an advantage to have more search results than intended. For thorough precision, use /regex/. === About regex === This covers enough regex to get started using this template to answer any question about wikitext contents on the wiki. Regex are about using ''meta characters'' to create patterns that match any ''literal characters''. The pattern you give will match a target, character by character. To make some positions match with multiple possibilities, metacharacters are needed, and they are from the same keyboard characters that are also in the wikitext. ==== Metacharacters ==== The left curly bracket is a metacharacter, and so the regexp pattern given must "escape" any opening curly bracket <code>\{</code> in the target "<kbd>{</kbd>" intending to match a template in the wikitext. All target text (all wikitext) is literal text, but we can backslash "escape" the regex metacharacters <code> \. \? \+ \* <nowiki>\{{!}}</nowiki> \{ \[ \] \( \) \" \\ \# \@ \< \~ </code> when we refer to them as literal characters in the wikitext we are interested in mining. (Notice the backslash-escape of the already template-escaped pipe character in order to find a literal pipe character in the wikitext.) Search will ignore the backslash wherever it is meaningless or unnecessary: <code>\n</code> matches <kbd>n</kbd>, and so on. So although you don't need to backslash escape <code>&</code> or <code>></code> or <code>}</code>, it is safe to do so. An unnecessary backslash will not cause your pattern to fail, but what ''will'' is using certain characters literally{{mdash}}<kbd> [ ] . * + ? &#124; { ( ) " \ # @ < ~ </kbd>. * <code>[0-9]</code> will match any digit, <code>[a-y]</code> any lowercase letter except z, <code>[zZ]</code> any z, (and so on). So square brackets mean "character class". * Dot <code>.</code> will match a newline, or ''any character'' in the targeted position The number of sequential digits or characters these symbols match is expressed by following it with a ''quantifying'' metacharacter: * <code>*</code> means zero or more * <code>+</code> means one or more * <code>?</code> means zero or one of the character it follows after. The number of times it matches can also be given in a range, <code>a{2} a{2,} a{2,5}</code> matches exactly 2, 2 or more, or 2-5 <kbd>a</kbd>'s. So curly brackets mean "quantifier". * The parenthesis are a grouping mechanism, so we can quantify more than just the previous character, and so we can make boundaries for a set of ''alternative'' matches. (See ''alternation'' below.) * The quotation marks are an escape mechanism, like square brackets or the backslash. * The angle brackets stand for numerals, not digits. Say <code><5-799></code>, to match 5{{ndash}}799, in one to three positions. Compare this with the alternative: <code>[0-9]{1,3}</code> could match ones, tens, or thousands as, 0-999 or 00-999 or 000-999. * Tilde <code>~</code> looks ahead and negates the next character. In other words, if the pattern matches in this position, then un-match it if the next character is <code>~</code>''character''. The {{plain link|https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-regexp-query.html#regexp-syntax|other metacharacters offered by CirrusSearch}} may be helpful in some cases: ''complement'' <kbd>~</kbd>, ''interval'' <kbd> <3-5559></kbd>, ''intersection'' <kbd>&</kbd>, and ''any string'' <kbd>@</kbd>. ==== Character classes ==== A character class is enclosed in [square brackets]. It means these characters, "literal characters", plural. It means "literal", and so ''normally'' you don't have to escape a metacharacter character in a character class; they're already square-brackets escaped. The /slash delimiters/ mean we must of course escape ''any'' slash character, even inside a character class. No other character in a character class except slash always needs escaping; but because <code>]</code> and <code>-</code> have special meaning (metacharacter) to a character class, they must be escaped sometimes: those two are also literal (escaped) metacharacters ''if they are the first character'', but otherwise they must be also, like dash, be escaped: only backslash-escape works as the escape mechanism in a character class. A character class can serve to escape metacharacters, so <code>[-|*\/.{\]]</code> or <code>[]|*\/.{\-]</code> means "either a dash OR pipe OR star OR slash OR dot OR left curly bracket or a right square bracket". So <code>[][.?+*|\/{}()\-]"</code> or <code>[-[.?+*|\/{}()\]]"</code> works to find all the metacharacters in the wikitext, all of them except the backslash. Neither <code>[\]</code> nor <code>[\\]</code> allows us to OR a literal backslash. To OR a backslash character, there's '''alternation''' with the pattern <code>\\</code> to handle that case. (See below.) A character class understands the "inverse" of itself, <kbd>[^abc]</kbd> is "not a or b or c". A character class stands for a single character in a targeted position, so it's not really an inverse of a set, but rather a NOT of a character. ==== Alternation ==== Finally, '''alternation''' is a class of regex that contains alternative possibilities for a match, say an AA or a BB, or a CC: * "AA" OR "BB" OR "CC" in Boolean logic * <kbd>AA|BB|CC</kbd> in a standard, MediaWiki CirrusSearch, regexp * <code>'''('''<nowiki>AA{{!}}BB{{!}}CC</nowiki>''')'''</code> where it is used within a larger regexp. We need to replace the pipe character with {{tl|!}} so that the "pipe" for the regexp won't confuse this template (or any other template). We need the parentheses at times because an alternation finds the ''longest'' pattern, and so the parentheses define that boundary, but it's a boundary you don't have to make if an alternation is the entire regexp pattern. In our case the {{para|pattern}} you supply is situated at the end of a longer, pre-built regexp. ==== About this template ==== The wiki regex is pretty straightforward. Characters stand for themselves unless they are metacharacters. If they are metacharacters they are escaped if outside of a character class. Use one of three escape mechanisms: * <code>"."</code> * <code>\.</code> * <code>[.]</code> where the dot is now a literal dot in the wikitext, not the metacharacter. First, this template take's [[#Parameters|its arguments]] named or unnamed. If you use the ''unnamed'' one, you can give regexp patterns that start or end with a space. If you use the ''named'' one, you must, additionally, "escape" any outer space. (To escape is explained elsewhere.) The regexp targets the area after the initial pipe and before the first closing curly bracket, <kbd>&#123;&#123;Val{{!}}'''{{hilite|1=9999{{!}}ul=m/s{{!}}fmt=commas}}'''&#125;&#125;</kbd>. This pattern portion is expanded <kbd>/[Vv]al\|[^}]*</kbd><code>{{param|pattern}}</code><kbd>\}/</kbd>. This template ''could'' construct the pattern <kbd>\{[Nn]ame.?\|[^}]*{{param|pattern}}</kbd>, where <kbd>pattern</kbd> is the value you give. That regexp means * <kbd>pattern</kbd> ''follows'' any number (<kbd>*</kbd>) of characters that are "''not'' (<kbd>^</kbd>) a right curly bracket"; in other words it will ''precede'' a right curly bracket. * The template ''Name'' follows a left curly bracket, and is case insensitive. * A pipe <kbd>\|</kbd> (<code>\{{tl|!}}</code>) follows the name, but makes allowance for one possible character in between, the dot. * The dot <kbd> . </kbd> can match any character, including the "zero or one" (<kbd>?</kbd>) newline characters that will match the case where the initial pipe is put on its own line, such as how the citation and infobox templates are often transcluded (or "called"). This template ''cannot'' make that pattern with the <kbd>.?</kbd> because in general there are many template names that only differ by the last letter, (such as the [[Template:tl#General-purpose formatting|tl]] family of template names). But to match the particular case where the template's first parameter starts after a newline you have to match that newline with a dot. You can modify the query and add that <kbd> .? </kbd> for searches for Infobox and Cite templates. Because <code>?</code> counts zero as a match, it will also work where the pipe is on the same line. == See also == * {{tl|Regex}} * [[User:John of Reading/Typo fixing with AutoWikiBrowser|One power user's AutoWikiBrowser]] == Notes == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Search templates]] }}</includeonly> ddnwjq7nuy9d5vuk5k6t7zworbdchop 10 11611 84692 2022-05-20T01:58:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:ShortSearch wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}} WP] [https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Awikipedia.org+{{urlencode:{{{1}}}}} GWP] [https://www.google.com/search?q={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}} G]</span><noinclude> [[Category:Search templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> kcf0n9ri1gvv180l7t2hu8ed0b8zf6s 10 11612 84693 2022-05-20T01:59:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata search link wikitext text/x-wiki https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search={{urlencode:{{{1|}}}}}&title=Special:Search&fulltext=1<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> oizagncb6kbkeijc12akarrddabcute 10 11613 84694 2022-05-20T01:59:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata search link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Warning|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Wikidata search link'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki> should not be used in [[WP:WIAA|articles]] as links to "search result pages" are among the [[WP:LINKSTOAVOID|links normally to be avoided]].}} == Usage == This template creates a link that can be used to store a [[Wikidata]] search box query. A search link is useful for [[collaborative search]] on [[Help:Talk|Talk pages]] and most other pages, but it is not to be used in articles. {{tlx|Wikidata search link|Aaadonta angaurana}} →&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Wikidata search link|Aaadonta angaurana}} == See also == {{Internal search templates common doc}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Search templates]] [[Category:Wikidata templates]] }}</includeonly> def29lo47ky08sifbhp9a27f2g5k0ur 10 11614 84695 2022-05-20T01:59:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wpsearch wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifexist:{{{1}}} (disambiguation)|[[{{{1}}} (disambiguation)|{{{1}}}]]|{{#ifexist:{{{1}}}|[[{{{1}}}]]|{{{1}}} }} }} &ndash; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Search|search={{urlencode:{{{1|example phrase}}}}}&fulltext=Search}} Wikipedia search] {{!}} [https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Aen.wikipedia.org+{{urlencode:{{{1|example phrase}}}}} Google search] {{!}} [https://www.bing.com/search?q=site%3Aen.wikipedia.org+{{urlencode:{{{1|example phrase}}}}} Bing search] {{!}} [https://duckduckgo.com/?q=site%3Aen.wikipedia.org+{{urlencode:{{{1|example phrase}}}}} DuckDuckGo search] {{!}} [https://search.yahoo.com/search?p=site%3Aen.wikipedia.org+{{urlencode:{{{1|example phrase}}}}} Yahoo search] </span><!-- --><noinclude> {{documentation|content= {{info|1= '''This template should not be used in articles (including on disambiguation pages).''' }} This template produces search links from search engines giving results of pages on English Wikipedia for the given input in the unnamed first parameter. ==Syntax== <code><nowiki>{{wpsearch|example phrase}}</nowiki></code> ===Parameters=== * {{param|1}} &mdash; <small> (MANDATORY) </small> Search term to search for ==Examples== To search for the term "Wikipedia" :{{tlx|wpsearch|Wikipedia}} {{wpsearch|Wikipedia}} To search for the term "Wikimedia" :{{tlx|wpsearch|Wikimedia}} {{wpsearch|Wikimedia}} To search for the term "R + L = J" (or any similar term having an equals sign) :{{tlx|wpsearch|2= 1= R + L = J}} {{wpsearch|1= R + L = J}} :<small> The <code>1=</code> is necessary to prevent a template error </small> ==See also== * {{tl|search}} * {{tl|search link}} }} [[Category:Search templates]] </noinclude> 9vsuyyrjb16rnvlsbr77e3jrrgoeld9 12 11615 84696 2022-05-20T02:01:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ubufasha:Searching/Features wikitext text/x-wiki == Search engine features == <!-- This subpage is for transclusion at * Template:search link * Help:Searching/Draft * Help:Advanced search (possibly) * Template:regex --> The search engine can * sort by date * fold character families. An <kbd>e</kbd> matches an <kbd>ë</kbd>, and <kbd>[[Aeroskobing]]</kbd> matches <kbd>[[Ærøskøbing]]</kbd>. * understand when a page <kbd>linksto</kbd> or <kbd>hastemplate</kbd>, or has something <kbd>intitle</kbd>, or is <kbd>incategory</kbd> * understand <kbd>OR</kbd> and <kbd>AND</kbd>, and two forms of ''not''. * perform fuzzy searches on word spellings. * locate words as ''near'' to each other as you specify. * find wildcard expressions and [[regular expressions]]. A search matches what you see rendered on the screen and in a print preview. The raw "source" wikitext is searchable by employing the <kbd>insource</kbd> parameter. For these two kinds of searches a word is any string of consecutive letters and numbers matching a whole word or phrase. All other keyboard characters like punctuation marks, brackets and slashes, math and other symbols, are not normally searchable. By default Search will also [[stemming|stem]] the words and match them too. It automatically sorts results by the frequency and location of these, but also can boost page ranking by time, template usage, or even similarity to other pages. Search is a [[search engine]] that does a [[full text search]] by querying an [[full text index|index]] database. It offers search syntax and parameters exceeding the capabilities and control of other public search engines that could search Wikipedia. === Page score === Say the search box is given <kbd>two words</kbd>. The search starts with two index lookups, and the two results are combined with a logical AND. But before they are displayed as search results, they must all be assigned a final score before the top twenty (listed on the first page) can be displayed, and they must be formatted with snippets and highlighting. Page ranking deals quickly with very large numbers of pages, by approaching things statistically, and taking several swipes through the data. # The frequency and location of each word determines the first sorting.<ref> Unlike other data that score a page ranking, word frequency and location data can be kept updated in the index at all times. For each word on the wiki, the index stores a list of page names where that word can be found. Along with page name, the word's locations and count are also stored. [[Apache Lucene]] is the indexer, and it maintains the data; it uses the [[TF/IDF|term frequency]] algorithm. For how it does this, see [https://lucene.apache.org/core/4_9_0/core/org/apache/lucene/search/similarities/TFIDFSimilarity.html TFIDF Similarity].</ref> # The order of the words determines the second sorting. If the two words happen to be found in the same order on a page, that page is boosted again. # The number of incoming links.<ref> Unlike for search indexes, page-ranking data is not immediately updated. When the number of incoming links has changed more than 20%, then it is updated.</ref> These attributes for a word earn that page a higher score: * position in the title * position in the lead section * repetition * close proximity to other words in the query There can be several other scoring mechanisms. The parameters that you can control are <kbd>morelike</kbd>, <kbd>boost-template</kbd>, and <kbd>prefer-recent</kbd>. === General description === There are now eleven parameters for various approaches to searching the many namespaces. Four of the seven new parameters now offer to target these page characteristics: <kbd>hastemplate</kbd> and <kbd>linksto</kbd>, <kbd>insource</kbd> and <kbd>insource:/regexp/</kbd>. The other three now offer to target page ranking: <kbd>morelike</kbd> works all alone, a <kbd>prefer-recent</kbd> term can be added to any query, and there is now also a <kbd>boost-template</kbd> parameter. The other four, preserved in name only, from the entirely rewritten previous version of Search, are <kbd>intitle</kbd>, <kbd>incategory</kbd>, <kbd>prefix</kbd>, and ''namespace''. Any search will feature one of these approaches * Rely on page ranking; ignore most results; run once. * Search for an exact string using a ''simple'' regexp; pretest a small search domain. * Hack out a highly refined set of page characteristics with concern only for an exact count of pages; refine in a sandbox and on the search results page. The concept of a '''search domain''' plays an important part in all this. By default it is just article space, but in general a search domain starts out as a set of namespaces, and ends up as all the pages in the search result. One term of a query will set the search domain for another term in the same query. The order is optimized by the search engine. The query <kbd>''term1 term2''</kbd> transforms the search domain twice to get those search results. For example, a bare namespace returns the pages of the namespace. The query <kbd>''term1 term2'' ''regexp''</kbd> relies heavily on the first two terms to reduce the search domain size. All terms in a query are indexed searches unless they are a regexp. Indexed terms run ''word-wise instantly'', and a regexp runs ''character-wise slowly''. Even the most basic use of a regexp, just to find an exact string, should always limit the size of its search domain to as little as possible. This can be as simple as adding a few terms, (as covered below), because each term in a query tends to reduce the number of pages. Never run a ''bare'' regexp on the wiki especially if your ''user profile'' is preset to '''Everything'''. The search engine limits the number of regexp searches that can run at once. Without the proper filter running alongside a regexp it will run for up to twenty seconds, and then incur an HTML timeout. On the search results page, the '''initial search domain''' on which the query was run is indicated by the following, given in increasing power to override the others: * an open namespace dialog if the user has preset a profile of namespaces * '''Content pages''' or '''Multimedia''' or '''Everything''': if one of them was the initial search domain, then the color of that one's text will have turned from (link-colored) blue to (presentation) black. * a namespace parameter in the query * a <kbd>prefix</kbd> parameter overrides them all. For example, if the namespace parameter is <kbd>all</kbd>, the size of the initial search domain will be the {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} pages in all namespaces: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 460, 461, 490, 491, 828, 829, 1198, 1199, 2300, 2301, 2302, 2303, 2600 A ''prefix'' parameter specifies ''just one'' of those namespaces, in whole or part. If the initial search domain is the default, '''Content pages''' its size is the {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} pages in namespace 0, (article space). A search can be '''set into a link''' to specialize and share searches: <kbd>[<nowiki/>[Special:Search/''search'']]</kbd>. Such a query should always be a ''fully specified'' by specifying an initial search domain so as to avoid user profile discrepancies. This way it gives the same results. For example, if more than one namespace is needed, use {{template|search link}}.<ref> {{tlf|search link}} always produces fully specified queries, even if no namespaces is given, because it defaults to article space.</ref> Other helpful approaches to the search engine features are * templates such as {{tl|template usage}} that offer pre-made specialized searches. * [[mw:Extension:InputBox|Input box]] setups, such as the one at the bottom of this page, that can perhaps be made to work with such templates. * driving new or improved feature requests at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/cirrussearch phabricator] === Syntax === Greyspace ''characters'' are the non-alphanumeric characters: <kbd>~!@#$%^&*()_+{}|[]\:";'<>?,./</kbd>. Any string of greyspace characters and/or [[whitespace characters]] is "greyspace". Greyspace is ignored except where it has meaning as a modifier in syntax. * <kbd>+''term''</kbd> turns off "Did you mean" suggestions * <kbd>_''term''</kbd> turns off "Did you mean" suggestions for that ''term'' * <kbd>-''term''</kbd> means '''not'''. It changes the meaning from include to ''exclude''. * <kbd>!''term''</kbd> also means '''not'''. * The colon <kbd>:</kbd> character can specify the "article space" as the search domain, and it can, in some cases, act as a letter or number when ''inside'' a word (non-spaced). These are covered below. * The tilde <kbd>~</kbd> character associates generally to finding more search results: ** <kbd>~''query''</kbd> guarantees search results instead of navigation. ** <kbd>''word''~</kbd> does a "fuzzy search" for that word. ** <kbd>"''exact phrase''"~</kbd> adds [[stemming]] for each word. ** <kbd>"''exact phrase''"~n</kbd> does a "proximity search", allowing n extra words inside the exact wording. Parameters also accept words and phrases, but each can search their own index and interpret their own arguments, such as for * requiring a namespace or not, or accepting namespace aliases or not * reporting redirects or not * for a pagename input: being case sensitive or not, or accepting the underscore <kbd>_</kbd> character in lieu of a space character or not * delimiters for there arguments * the meaning of their own modifier characters syntax The delimiters: * Namespace needs no delimiters, but accepts whitespace to the left and greyspace to the right * Prefix accepts only whitespace between the namespace and the pagename, and accepts greyspace to the left. * <kbd>insource:/''arg''/</kbd> requires no space, but all other parameters tolerate at least whitespace * Two words separated only by greyspace ''characters'' make a greyspace phrase, subject to stemming * "Double quotes:" make an exact phrase, and make stemming and proximity possible with more modifiers added * Greyspace is ignored: ** anywhere inside double quotes ** in starting characters of the search box query, but not before a namespace ** between words and phrases, except for greyspace phrases * Space characters are important only ** for pagenames (linksto, prefix, incategory, boost-templates, morelike). ** between two parameters (to delimit the argument) Colon : character: * as a namespace, it means article space * as a prefix, it means article space * to ''insource'' or "exact phrase" it means a literal colon and acts just like a letter or number if it is an non-spaced colon. == Word and phrase == A search is a ''query'' with one or more ''terms''. The query does not actually search the page database, but rather, a search queries a prebuilt, constantly maintained, search index database. When creating the search index of words on the wiki, or when entering a query, a word boundary is greyspace. Greyspace ''characters'' can create a multi-word_phrase. We must say tab and newline even though we cannot put those characters in our query; this is because of the important fact that the same analysis that is done on the wikitext is also done on the query. A word boundary is whitespace characters (tab, space, or newline) or greyspace characters. Greyspace characters and whitespace characters are all folded together as one, just as special characters like æ (ae) or á (a) are folded into the standard keyboard characters. A phrase expresses an ordering of words,<ref> A phrase will extend over whitespace unless it contains a bullet. A phrase can extend over an ordered list item, but not an unordered list item. In other words it can extend over a number # sign, but not an asterisk * character. The asterisk has special meaning to the analyzer. It is used to make an item in an unordered list, plus it is used as a modifier in search.</ref> and there are three ways to make one, depending on how aggressively you want the phrase to match. * "quotation marks" * joining_with_non-alphanumeric(characters) * camelCaseNaming or letter222number transitions "Quotation marks", phrases are called an "exact phrase" because it is exact wording: ''stemming'', ''fuzzy search'', and ''wildcards'' are not used in an "exact phrase". Like the rest of Search, an "exact phrase" tolerates greyspace between words. Joining_with_non-alphanumeric(characters) only, will employ stemming on the words. CamelCaseNaming or letter222number transitions, matches the phrase in greyspace, with stemming, and additionally matches the word itself. Parameters can require the quotation marks to include whitespace in their input. The wikitext is searched by employing the ''insource'' parameter. The insource parameter ignores greyspace characters too. For example, to find the phrase <code>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine</code>, use <kbd>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine</kbd>, or use <kbd>insource: "http en wikipedia org wiki search engine"</kbd>. <!-- Hints for writing examples: * use search links, as usual * search this page using prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}} where control and certainty are needed * use labels to hide the fact that you're using prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}} * Before the wisdom and beauty of hiding the prefix filter by adding a label to the search link, consider the fact that developing an excellent set of examples takes a lot of work over a long period of time. Until they are stable, avoid the pretty label because then you'll have to change a search term twice to change it once. * use words otherwise not found on this page, so that examples become self-fulfilling. * Don't put examples in a table if you want examples to improve. New users can be easily overwhelmed or bewildered by the table frameworks. --> When you search for a word, that word is just looked up in an ''index''. An indexed search instantly concludes with all search result ''titles'', without having to search the wiki itself. Each word you see in a page's content (a title's content) is ''already'' in an index, where it points to all its other ''prearranged'' results. A word is ''indexed'' to a list of page names, where it is seen in the text, or it is seen in the title only. Each indexed word is seen as * a string of alphabetic characters a-z, or * a string of digits 0-9, or * a string of ''alphanumeric'' characters a-z, 0-9. * a token inside a camelCase word. For transitions from lower to upper case, (or camelCase), and transitions from letter to number: * these are two words * only the first transition divides such words, into two * a null space matches non-alphanumerics: game-folks matches gameFolks. for or digit-letter these match singly or together. In other words you don't need the space, but that also works to find either "word" of a camel case or mixed alphanumeric word. You don't need a space, and non-alphanumeric characters are treated as that null space. We may call these "word" characters or "alphanumeric" characters at times as opposed to the "non-word" characters, which are ignored except as to function as a word boundary. Usually a word boundary is just a space character. These words are case-insensitive: a-z is equivalent to A-Z, so Search box will navigate to a pagename regardless of capitalization (even though wikilinks and URLs must match capitalization apart from the initial character). Each word is aliased to all its word-stems, so cloud, clouding, clouds, clouded, cloudy will all point to the same index entry. In Search the characters <kbd>!@#$%^&*()_+-={}|[]\:;'<>,.?/</kbd> are ignored. Any mix of whitespace characters and these non-word characters, we may refer to as ''grey-space''. Grey-space, then, is all non-word characters except the double quote character, which is not ignored. Grey-space is a string of one or more characters such as brackets and math symbols and punctuation and space. Now, a search-indexed word will be found between ''grey-space'', and grey-space is an implied AND of two words in a search query, but the AND is not always implied: when two ''phrase'' exist side-by-side the AND is required. Exceptions to what "words" are indexed are these ''portioned'' words: * A change from a numeric to an alphanumeric character is an additional word boundary in an alphanumeric word. * A change from an alphanumeric to a numeric character is a word boundary in an alphanumeric word. * A change in case from lowercase to uppercase is a word boundary in an alphabetic word. The word boundary between such numeric portions and an alphabetic portions may include grey-space or not, but a phrase search turns off ''portioning'', because it is an "exact phrase search", the words in the phrase matching only alphanumeric words delimited by grey-space. Words joined only by non-alphanumerics are treated like a phrase. So word1_word2&word3 is the same as "word1 word2 word 3". However they will also match camelCase and letter-number transitions. An exact phrase search will not match camelCase or letter-number transitions. For example, terms like wgCanonicalNamespace and !wgCanonicalSpecialPageName can be found looking for <code>canonical page name</code>. For example: * A [[numeronym]] like [[C10k problem|C10k]] is considered one word for proximity, but two words for matching. * pluralized numbers, like "2010s" The following match the single term <code> txt2regEx </code> on a page: <kbd>txt</kbd> , <kbd>2</kbd> , <kbd>regex</kbd> , <kbd>reg</kbd> , <kbd>ex</kbd> , <kbd>txt2</kbd> , <kbd>2reg</kbd> , <kbd>2regex</kbd>. None of those portions would match in a phrase search; only "txt2regex" would match.<ref>See the ElasticSearch "tokenizer" that CirrusSearch developed.</ref> The following match the two terms <code> 2 + 2 </code>: <kbd>2</kbd> or <kbd>"2"</kbd> , <kbd>2 2</kbd> or <kbd>"2 2"</kbd> , <kbd>"2 2"</kbd> or <kbd>"2"</kbd> , <kbd>"2+2"</kbd> or <kbd>2+2</kbd> , <kbd>"2-2"</kbd> or <kbd>2-2</kbd> , <kbd>"2.2"</kbd> or <kbd>2.2</kbd> Each term is a query, and the grey-space is an AND.<br/> === Fuzzy search, wildcards, and stemming === [[Stemming]] is a way to match meaning "ambitiously", to get the numbers up, for possible semantic matching, such that <kbd>run_shoe</kbd> also matches <code>running shoes</code>. Stemming is a spelling algorithm only distantly reliant on any dictionary.<ref>Stemming, like page ranking, is just a computer algorithm, and prone to needing occasional adjustments.</ref> The algorithm attempts to find the ''same word'', but in all its word endings. A fuzzy search will match a ''different word''. Words (but not phrases) accept [[approximate string matching]] or "fuzzy search". A tilde <kbd>{{Big|~}}</kbd> character is appended for this "sounds like" search. The other word must differ by no more than ''two letters''. * Not the first two letters. The first two letters must match. * Two letters swapped. * Two letters changed. * Two letters added, two letters subtracted, or one subtracted and one added. But it can differ by ''one'' letter in these ways. A fuzzy search matches the word exactly ''plus'' words like it. * {{sl|this~ prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|this~}},→ thus and thud, thins and ''the'', but not his or thistle * {{search link|charlie~ parker~ prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|charlie~ parker~}} → Charlie Parker and Charles Palmer and Charley Parks With wildcards you can specify ''which'' letters change, including the first two letters, and you can increase ''the number'' of letters that can change. Wildcards have their own rules: * * zero or more letters or numbers * *\? one or more letters or numbers. * \? one letter or number * neither * nor \? can match the first letter; they can go in the middle or the end. * \? and * can be used any number of times in a word * {{sl|this* prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|this*}} → thistle and This1234 and This * {{sl|g\?it\?r prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|g\?it\?r}} → gaiter goiter guitar g8it9r * {{sl|key* prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|key*}} → keypad and keypunch While the word indexes are being built and updated, stemming automatically adds aliases to most entries. An actual dictionary is not used. Instead it runs an algorithm that applies generic English syntax rules for word endings. The results are imperfect.<ref>CirrusSearch uses kstem for the stemmer package, per {{phab|T56022}}.</ref> Even misspelled words, non-words, and words with numbers in them are indexed and stemmed in this way. By adding different forms of the same word to the indexed search query, [[stemming]] is a standard method search engines use to aggressively garner more search results to then run a bunch of page-ranking rules against. For example, stemming will alias ''cloud'', ''clouds'', ''clouded'', and ''clouding''. It will ''not'' alias the word ''cloudy'', but it ''will'' alias the various forms of ''cloud'' to the ''non''-word ''cloudion'', because -ion is a common word ending. Stemming is automatically turned off for insource searches: * {{sl|clouds prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|clouds}} * {{sl|insource:cloud prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|insource:cloud}} * {{sl|"clouds" prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"clouds"}} To turn stemming ''off'' put the word in quotation marks, this is an "exact phrase" search.<ref> You can equally well use the ''insource'' parameter to turn stemming off. Also, please note that {{phab|113838}} details this related bug: when stemming is turned off for a word the pages listed in the search results are correct, (they don't have stemmed-only variants, they all have the word as given) but any stems in the snipped are, incorrectly, highlighted.</ref><!-- --><section end="Boolean logic" /><section end=intitle /> For example: gameFolks, game!folks, game:folks matches [[Folklore (video game)|FolksSoul]] === Proximity === * Proximity searches do not search titles. * Proximity works backwards if you give it a higher count. * Proximity searches turn off stemming. An <kbd>"Exact phrase"</kbd> or a <kbd>word</kbd> will match in a title. And creating a phrase <kbd>"with tilde"~</kbd> just turns on stemming, (which is equivalent to forming a phrase by joining the words <kbd>with_greyspace</kbd>). But <kbd>"exact phrase"~1</kbd> matches the wording in that order ''plus'' allows any one extra word to fall between the two words. For example * <kbd>"exact second phrase"~2</kbd> allows two extra words to fit anywhere on either side of the ''second'' term. * <kbd>"exact phrase"~3</kbd> also finds "phrase exact" (the two words in reverse order) * Looking for either "Shift-Alt-P" or "Alt_Shift-P"? Its not <kbd>"Alt-shift-P"~3</kbd>. It's not <kbd>"alt shift"~3-P</kbd>. Use <kbd>"alt shift p" OR "shift alt p"</kbd> instead. * {{sl|"Dorsal vertebrae"~2 {{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Dorsal vertebrae"~2}} matches "Dorsal (or Thoracic) vertebra" * {{sl|"Three extra words"~5 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Three extra words"~5}} matches "'''three''' w-1 w2% '''extra''' w:3 w_4 $w5 '''words'''". <kbd>"hitch4 hiker2"</kbd> finds the two "words" in that order, (possibly separated by punctuation or brackets or other keyboard symbols like math symbols), and without the quotes finds them in the same article. In both cases the article is listed when the space satisfies the logical AND meaning. <kbd>hello_dolly</kbd> does the same thing as <kbd>"hello&nbsp;dolly"</kbd> does, but the double quotes version offers a proximity filter. After the closing quote you add a tilde ~ and a number that indicates the total number of words allowed between all the terms. * <kbd>"WordOne wordTwo"</kbd> means a phrase (zero words in between) * {{sl|"Word1 word2" prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Word1 word2"}} → word1 <[!@#]> <[:$%^*()]> <[+-*/]> word2 * {{sl|"Word3 word4"~1 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Word3 word4"~1}} → word3 extra1word word4 * {{sl|"Word5 word6 word7"~2 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Word5 word6 word7"~2}} → word5 extra1word word6 extra2word word7 *{{sl|"Word8 word9 word10"~2 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"Word8 word9 word10"~2}} → word8 word9 extra1word extra2word word10 Backward proximity works too, but includes the two end words between each segment. Proximity cannot make the last word proximate to the first. The proximity can be a large number, like 500 or 1000. Say a page has word1 word2 word3 in that order.<ref>This can't be proven in an example search of ''this'' page, but it will work on another page not containing this example. This because the match, showing in bold as proof here, prefers the proper order. It can be proved by put the target text on another page, then changing the query (on the search results page) initiate here to that page.</ref> * {{sl|"WordB wordA"~4 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"WordB wordA"~4}} → wordA extra1word extra2word wordB * {{sl|"WordC wordB wordA"~6 prefix:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|"WordC wordB wordA"~6}} → WordA wordB extra1word extra2word wordc Two search terms with ''no quotes'' is two filters, and a bunch of page-ranking rules. === Search logic === [[Boolean logic|Truth logic]] is AND, OR, and ''not''. * Queries do not accept parentheses. So multiple terms ''cannot'' be grouped into a single, logical term. * Parameters do not accept AND or OR, but do accept ''not'' * <kbd>''word'' ''word2''&nbsp;</kbd> will AND the two terms. * <kbd>''word'' AND ''word2''&nbsp;</kbd> will AND the two terms. (similar) * <kbd>''word'' OR ''word2''&nbsp;</kbd> will OR the two * <kbd>-word</kbd> will ''not'' the term, excluding the pages that match word. * <kbd>!word</kbd> will ''not'' the term (similarly) Logical OR increases results, whereas logical AND decreases them. Logical ''not'' is a good way to refine a query by removing ''any kind of term'' except the ''prefix'' parameter. For example <kbd>while -refining -unwanted search results</kbd>. For example <kbd>credit card -"credit card"</kbd> finds all articles with "card" and "credit" == Prefix and namespace == Prefix and namespace are the only positional parameters, and namespace is an unnamed search parameter. One or the other of them is used in a query to override the initial search domain set by user profile or by the search bar. They aren't used together: prefix overrides namespace. The namespace argument must be at the beginning of a query, and the '''<kbd>prefix:</kbd>''' parameter must be at the end of a query. === Namespace === <kbd>''Namespace'':</kbd> is an unnamed search parameter that goes at the beginning of a query.<ref> The search namespace matches in the first parameter of a query. This is consistent with its usage in navigation, wikilinking, transclusion, and page naming, where it is always the first word in the field.</ref> The [[Wikipedia:namespace|namespace]] is followed by a colon, followed by zero or more whitespace characters. and matches a [[Wikipedia:pgn|namespace]] name. The namespace names and "all" work as expected, but seeing one in the search box does not guarantee it represent the search results, as explained below. In addition to the usual namespace names and their aliases * <kbd>all</kbd> searches all namespaces on the wiki.<ref> To see all namespaces go to the search results page and click on Advanced. The default namespace shows in parenthesis.</ref> * <kbd>file</kbd> searches the wiki plus the [[Wikipedia:Commons|Commons]] wiki. ** the words and phrases on the [[Wikipedia:file pages|file pages]] are searched ** ''the textual content inside all uploaded attachments'' is searched<ref> The full text of every word on the wiki ''plus'' every word in every uploaded attachment, is all indexed together in a search database. CirrusSearch can parse and index thousands of formats.</ref> ** If the match is made inside a pdf (or the like) this is indicated in the searches results parenthetically: "(matches file content)". * <kbd>file:local</kbd> turns off the search on Commons * <kbd>all</kbd> does not search Commons * The namespace names are not case sensitive, but "all" and "local" must be lowercase. * <kbd>All:</kbd> is not a search namespace, and will be treated as a word. * <kbd>local:</kbd> will not be treated like a word, but silently ignored instead, unless the File namespace is involved, such as it is on the search bar when activating '''Multimedia''' or '''Everything'''. * In a query, <kbd>local:</kbd> only has an effect following the File namespace <kbd>file:local</kbd>. Pages with namespaces outnumber pages without them [[Special:Statistics|7 to 1]]. On the search bar at the search results page * '''Everything''' searches all, plus Commons and the File namespace. * '''Advanced''' when ''All'' (namespaces) is checked is equivalent to '''Everything'''. * '''Multimedia''' searches the File and Media namespaces on the local wiki plus Commons. These differ from namespace "all" by matching your search terms inside a [[portable document format|pdf]] on a [[help:file page]], that item on the search results page says "(matches file content)". For example {{sl|file:"885.7 seconds"}} matches inside a pdf, but {{sl|all:"885.7 seconds"}} does not. === Prefix === <kbd>prefix:''namespace'': ''string''&nbsp;</kbd> filters a namespace down to one or more pages where ''string'' matches the pagename's beginning characters.<ref> Characters not allowed in pagenames are <code># < > [ ] | { }</code>.</ref> For example, <kbd>prefix:help:t&nbsp;</kbd> finds Help pagenames that begin with "T". * When the ''string'' has zero characters all pages in the given namespace are found. * When the ''string'' has all the characters a pagename, a single page is found. * The string is not case sensitive. * The namespace can be an namespace alias, like <kbd>WP</kbd> for <kbd>Wikipedia</kbd>. * A space between the namespace and pagename is allowed. * The namespace for prefix defaults to article space. * Prefix will not match a redirect. (But see [[Special:PrefixIndex]].) * Prefix cannot be used as a filter: the dash of <kbd>-prefix</kbd> is ignored. <kbd>-prefix:WP: ab&nbsp;</kbd> only sets the search domain to "Wikipedia:Ab". * No pagename characters are ignored. Even the space character is part of the pagename, and this is ''why'' prefix must go at the end. Prefix can perform the function of the namespace filter, plus it can isolate a single article whereas ''intitle'' cannot. Prefix cannot isolate a single page if it has subpages. An alternative to a prefix query is [[Special:PrefixIndex]]: * multi-column report capable of listing several hundred pagenames on one page * Case sensitive * lists redirects too === Compared === Comparing the namespace and ''prefix'' parameters: * Prefix and namespace can both serve to set the initial search domain. * For a given namespace they are equivalent. * They both filter titles. * The both accept namespace [[WP:namespace#aliases|aliases]], but ''prefix'' does not recognize "all". * They both limit the initial search domain to one namespace. * A namespace goes only at the beginning, and a prefix goes only at the end. The following methods set an initial search domain by namespace: * a '''<kbd>prefix:</kbd>''', which defaults to article space * a namespace argument at the beginning of a query, which defaults to the user's default search domain * the URL parameters <kbd>&ns''N''=1</kbd> * the "advanced profile" GUI on the search results page These are in the order of precedence. A prefix overrides a namespace overrides the GUI. The argument to the ''prefix'' parameter is a fullpagename, [[Wikipedia:pgn|which conveys a namespace]]. When alternating search domains, with the various techniques, and because of their priorities, it deserves repeating: check the search bar indication; it is most subtle. <ref>Always check the search bar for its indication. Activating the Advanced pane can show the default search domain, and the search box is very obvious with a namespace or prefix term. One way to do this is to click on the search bar search domain instead of clicking on the search button. The only time this does not work is when changing search domains in the Advanced tab: after you change them you must press Search, not Advanced.</ref> The Advanced namespace selection pane from the search bar is not so subtle. It will remain for as long as the earlier selection "remember selection for future searches" is in effect. You can "remember" article space and then either 1) press Content, 2) choose another search bar search domain, or 3) remove all instances of <code>&profile=advanced</code> from the URL. == Page attributes == These five search parameters filter a namespace according to an input word or phrase. * No OR. For example, ''no'' <kbd>intitle:A OR intitle:B</kbd> * No positional requirements, and all can standalone, for example <kbd>!hastemplate: Val</kbd> * Only <kbd>incategory</kbd> accepts several inputs (between pipe | characters) * Only <kbd>linksto</kbd> and <kbd>insource</kbd> do not accept greyspace phrases * Only <kbd>linksto</kbd> is case sensitive. * Only <kbd>insource</kbd> is sensitive to an non-spaced colon:character. These parameter names must be in all-lowercase letters. === Intitle === Intitle finds a word or phrase in a [[Wikipedia: pagename| pagename]]. Like a word or phrase search ''stemming'' and ''fuzzy'' searches can apply. * A word input can be put in double "quotes" to turn ''off stemming''. * A phrase input can use greyspace to turn ''on stemming''. * A single word input can suffix the tilde ~ character for a ''fuzzy'' search. * A single word input can suffix the star * character for a ''wildcard'' search. * Intitle does not search [[wp:redirects|redirects]]. * Proximity search is not an option in a title search. To find a match in a redirect title, or to apply a proximity search to a title you can rely on page ranking software to boost title matches before content matches. So a basic word or phrase search, or proximity search, is an alternative to ''intitle''. For example <!-- No tables means more contributors --> : {{sl|intitle: "forest ridge"}} finds one, while the proximity search : {{sl|"forest ridge"~3}} finds a dozen related titles immediately. : {{sl|intitle: image_label}} shows stemming while {{sl|intitle: "image label"}} does not. : {{sl|intitle:juggle}} shows stemming. : {{sl|intitle:sun intitle:moon}} shows how to search for two words in one title. === Incategory === Incategory has the general format :<kbd>incategory: "''category''|''category''|...|''category''"&nbsp;</kbd> and selects from the ''pages'' section of given [[Help:Category#Category_pages|category pages]], those pages that are also in the search domain. * Incategory inputs are ''not'' case sensitive. * Incategory inputs are space sensitive. No spaces around the category. For any space inside any input, use "double quotes" around the whole expression. * The search results do ''not'' including subcategories. For that there is a ''deepcat'' search parameter, available by adding a line to your javaScript and CSS files.<ref>To get ''deepcat'' as a search parameter install [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nova_Resource:Catgraph/Deepcat a gadget] which automatically produces <kbd>incategory:pagename1|pagename2|...|pagename70</kbd>. To see the number of subcategories to see if there was more or less than 69, either go fwd and bwd in the browser history, or see the source HTML of the search results page, the &lt;title> attribute</ref> * Multiple categories may be applied up to the 300-character limit of a query. Because many pages ''outside the mainspace'' are also categorized, the counts often won't match the category unless the search domain is the entire wiki: * {{search link|all: incategory: History}} (all 70 pages) * {{search link|incategory: History}} (article space, 36 pages) * {{search link|portal: incategory: History}} (portal space, 2 pages) Multi-category input counts a page only once. The following two categories have 209 pages in article space, with six pages found in both categories: : {{sl|incategory:"Information retrieval techniques" incategory:"Natural language processing"}} (6) : {{sl|incategory: "Natural language processing"}} (159) : {{sl|incategory: "Information retrieval techniques"}} (50) : {{sl|incategory: "Information retrieval techniques{{!}}Natural language processing"}} (203:= 209&minus;6) On the other hand these are disparate categories: * {{search link|all: incategory: Kames }} (23 pages about mountains) * {{search link|all: incategory: Sloops }} (18 pages about ships) * {{search link|all: incategory: Kames{{!}}Sloops }} (41:=23+18) Because of the nature of [[Wikipedia:categorization]] these categories share no pages: * {{sl|all: incategory: history incategory: mathematics incategory: physics}} (zero pages matching ''all/and'') * {{search link|all: incategory: History}} (70 pages) * {{search link|all: incategory: Physics}} (57 pages) * {{search link|all: incategory: Mathematics}} (30 pages) * {{sl|all: incategory: History{{!}}Physics}} (127 pages) * {{sl|all: incategory: History{{!}}Mathematics}} (100 pages) * {{sl|all: incategory: Physics{{!}}Mathematics}} (87 pages) * {{sl|all: incategory: History{{!}}Mathematics{{!}}Physics}} (157 pages) Categories and Search are synergistic. * To search for category titles, and for links and text on a category page, search the category namespace (or use [[Special:CategoryTree|CategoryTree]], or [[Special:Categories|Categories]] for title searches). * If two categories are closely related but are not in a subset relation, then links between them can be included in the text of the category pages. * A word or phrase search can often precisely match ''incategory'': it can match inside the categories box at the bottom of every page. When this occurs that search result will include a parenthetical flag "'''(Category''' ''pagename''''')'''". In the following examples, note how the page description in the category namespace show category sizes instead of page sizes. * {{sl|category: intitle: disambiguation}} (searches the category namespace for titles with that word.) * {{sl|category: history Texan}} (searches the category namespace for those two words in the ''title or body'' of a category page) * {{sl|anaxyrus}} (It's easy to spot the pages that need categorization, because they also don't have a redirect with that term.) === Hastemplate === '''<kbd>Hastemplate</kbd>''' finds pages that transclude a given template. Finds template ''usage'', not just a name pattern, because it will find all pages where the template content itself was used in any way. The results differ slightly depending on the alias you give. Hastemplate * given the canonical [[wp:pgn|pagename]] (on the title line), it will find all aliases' (redirects') usage too, and it will find any subpage links to it from a parent template too. * given an alias (on the redirect's pagename) finds redirect's name pattern * is not case-sensitive * accepts a fullpagename to find template usage of templates (homed) in other than the default, Template namespace (just as within the {<nowiki/>{''template''}} call itself) If you don't find the searched template name on the wikitext of the page, it can mean either that you gave the canonical pagename but it found an alias, or that it was called as a secondary template by way of a template that ''is'' shown in the wikitext. To find visible (primary) calls only, use <kbd>insource</kbd>. <!-- --><section begin=Insource /><section end=Hastemplate /> === Insource === <kbd>Insource: ''term''</kbd> {{space}} finds a word or phrase in wikitext. * No greyspace_phrases. * No stemming. * No proximity. * Yes wildcards, but only for words, not when the term is an "exact phrase". * treats a non-spaced colon : character like a normal letter * Insource doesn't search in .js or .css files except in comments or nowiki tags. Unlike a normal search insource doesn't find things "sourced" by a [[Wikipedia:transclusion|transclusion]]. Insource targets wikitext in two ways. They look similar, but the regexp form employs the slash / character to delimit the regexp.<ref> In computing it is common to delimit a /regular expression/ with slashes.</ref> # <kbd>insource: ''term''</kbd> {{space}} finds an indexed word or phrase. # <kbd>insource:/''regexp''/</kbd> {{space}} targets the entire wikitext of every page in the search domain as one long string of characters per page, either having a pattern or not. This is the "regular expression" (or regexp, or regex). Its metacharacters can represent multiple possibilities for a character position or a range of character positions within a page, using metacharacters for truth logic, grouping, counting, and modifying the characters to be found. A basic regexp is an easy way to find a specific, <kbd>/"exact strings"/</kbd>, as shown below. The double quotes are field delimiters. They are [[escape characters]] which quote all the set of characters between them, and keep their interpretation literal (keep any metacharacter interpretation from occurring). An advanced regexp uses the metacharacters to program general string patterns. It finds everything, even pieces and parts of words, conveying no notion of "words", but only that of a string of characters in a sequence. Metacharacters are interpreted unless quoted by a backslash, double quotes, or square brackets. See the section on regex. The obvious example is, you must quote any slash in your pattern so it won't be interpreted as the closing slash delimiter, using <kbd>\/</kbd> instead of <kbd>/</kbd> to match a literal slash. A regexp interprets all metacharacters. Testing a regexp pattern responsibly, requires limiting the search domain * by making it a single page using a page-name filter <kbd>prefix:''page name''</kbd> * a prefix parameter or other filter that limits the search domain to only as many pages as necessary * the test wiki. Abusing regexp will not harm Wikipedia performance, but it limits regex search information from flowing elsewhere. Only regex interpret greyspace characters. The regular insource, as everywhere else, ignores greyspace characters. So <code>insource:"M S"</code> matches <kbd>m/s</kbd>, as do <code>insource:</code><kbd>"M-S"</kbd> and <code>insource:</code><kbd>"m=s"</kbd>. But <code>insource:/M\/S/</code> will match it, and the filtered version will too: <code>insource:"M/S" insource:/M\/S/</code>. The <kbd>insource:"word1 word2"</kbd> filter is the most obvious filter for <kbd>insource:/word1 word2/</kbd>, where the two wikitext words are only separated by punctuation and space. Say the target string is {{nowrap|<kbd><nowiki>{{Val|9999|ul=m/s|fmt=commas}}</nowiki></kbd>}}: * <code>insource:</code><kbd>"val 9999 ul m s fmt commas"</kbd> → match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>"9999 ul"</kbd> → match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>"999"</kbd> → no match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>"fmt commas"</kbd> → match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>"ul m"</kbd> → match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>"ul M S"</kbd> → match * <code>hastemplate:</code> <kbd>val</kbd> <code>insource:</code><kbd>fmt</kbd> → match Insource matches words sequentially, but the match could occur anywhere on the page, not necessarily ''inside'' the {<nowiki/>{template markup}}. For this there is {{tl|template usage}}, and it matches any regex inside the template. For thorough precision, use /regex/. For example, to find ''any'' bare URL inside {{tag|ref|params=name=''name''}}, with <code>[external link brackets ''label'']</code>, with possible <code>ref name=''name''</code> you than can't use the simpler <kbd>insource:"ref http ''server'' com"</kbd>. Taking a cautious approach, before trying the full regexp, create a search domain under 10,000 pages. Starting with two filters, prefix and insource: # <code> {{sl|insource: "ref http" prefix:A}}</code> {{val|98000}} is too many to start. # <code> {{sl|insource: "ref http" prefix:AA}}</code> {{val|1000}} is good. # So ya try adding a regex term <code>insource:/\<ref[^>]\> *\[?https?:\/\/[^][<> "]+\]? */</code> zero for prefix:AA, one for prefix:AB # So ya try just <code>insource:/\<ref[^>]\></code> instead, and then try prefix:AA zero; try AB, one. # You notice you forgot the modifier for <code>[^>]*</code>. # <code>{{sl|insource: "ref http" insource:/\<ref[^>]*\> prefix:AB}}</code>. There are {{val|3700}}, and that is OK. # Experiment further. Then decide to do the project in segments AA, AB, AC, ... ZZ. # <kbd>{{sl|insource:/\<ref[^>]*\> *\[?https?:\/\/[^][<> "]+\]? */ insource: ref prefix:AA}}</kbd> We have the only possible filter <code>{{sl|insource: ref prefix:AA}}</code>. That filter produces a regex search domain of only 2300. The filter <kbd>{{sl|insource: ref prefix:A}}</kbd> produces a search domain of {{val|264000}}. Running the regex on that many pages is possible, and produces {{val|64000}} results. To find a more targeted URL, say yahoo.brand.edgar.com, use <kbd>insource: "http yahoo brand edgar com"</kbd> {{space}} (or cut and paste the entire URL, slashes dots, and all; it doesn't matter). Do another search with the https version. These searches capable of more flexibility than [[Special:LinkSearch]]. No filter is needed, but every search always benefits from extra information: any word, any phrase, and most parameters.<!-- --><section end=Insource /> === Linksto === '''<kbd>Linksto</kbd>''' Reports wikilinks to a page name. * Linksto only accepts a canonical fullpagename. Use the title line. If the title does not begin with a capital letter, or if you're not sure about the title line for any reason, you can preview <kbd>{<nowiki/>{FULLPAGENAME}}</kbd> on an edit of the page. * Linksto is case sensitive. * Namespace aliases are found, but not accepted as input. * Linksto does not find redirects. If you want all links to ''content'' you'll have to search each redirect page ''name''. * Linksto does not report the given page as a link to itself, even when there are internal section-to-section links. * Linksto does not find URL-style wikilinks to a page. * Collapsed navlinks are not reported by linksto, but they are reported by WhatLinksHere. Linksto reports wikilinks to a page name, even if the wikilink is * to a section. * from a [[H:L#Subpage links|subpage link]]. * hidden in a transclusion ("behind" a template that forms a wikilink). Linksto can differ from the "<small>What links here</small>" tool, because the search domain for "<small>What links here</small>" is '''all'''. Linksto search results are in your default search domain. (Also '''<kbd>linksto</kbd>''' reports the count, as do all searches.) In addition to wikitext it searches inside a pages transcluded content. first, and then scan the contents.<ref>The search is not actually done page by page, but the index for the wiki is built page by page in this way.</ref> For example :<kbd>linksto:"Mozart and scatology"</kbd> will report a list of 300 articles that link to it, as will "<small>What links here</small>". But ''[[Mozart and scatology]]'' is actually linked only 15 times by [[Wikipedia:content|content]] ''authors''. The rest are due to ''Mozart and scatology'' in ''Template:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart'' on the unwanted pages. The template is wanted, but the "links to" reference is probably not.<ref> By doing things like adding a Mozart navigation template to each page about Mozart ''[[wp:wikignomes|]]'' shore up the wiki infrastructure. Authorship, on the other hand, writes the prose of a page, one page at a time. (You cannot remove the unwanted links with <kbd>-hastemplate:"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"</kbd>.</ref> The trick to getting around this, and just finding all ''authorship'' links to an article is a regexp search: :<kbd>: insource:"pagename" {{space}} insource:<big>'''/'''</big>\[\[ *[Pp]agename *[]|]<big>'''/'''</big></kbd> That search will find ''articles'' only because the initial <big>''':'''</big> limits the ''initial search domain'' to article space, no matter how your default search domain happens to be set. It will find all of the links many times more quickly than a bare regexp would, because the first '''<kbd>insource</kbd>''' term instantly creates the ''refined search domain'' that sets the proper limits for the regexp search. A regexp can accommodate for the variations found in the wikitext allowed by the permissions of wikilinks: 1) the metacharacter <kbd>*</kbd> allows for "zero or more" space characters before and after the title, and 2) the [character class] at the beginning allows for the relaxed capitalization of the first character in any pagename, and 3) the character class at the end finds the link whether it is labeled via the pipe character | or closed via the square bracket ] of the wikilink. Links to transclusions are handled by ''hastemplate''. == Sorting results == <!-- move to section "Search page results" --> A page's overall score determines its place in the search results. A ''better'' match will raise the score. * A section zero (lead-section) match is better than a numbered section. * A title or headings match is better than a lead section match. * A greater frequency of a search term is better. * A direct match is better than a stemmed match. * When several words are all found in many documents, a ''matching order'' is better. * A higher mesh{{mdash}}more links to and from a page{{mdash}}is better. Wikiproject "importance" and [[wp:QUALITY|article quality]] assessments can factor in. Searching from a page, its categories, wikidata, and geo-location can factor in. Knowing this you may be able to better find, for example, a half-remembered title. Using ''intitle'' may skew the results too much because of the order of the words. Use those in a word search, and depend on page ranking. The titular words will show up on top. To get an idea of how CirrusSearch might work see [[mw:Search/Old#Search_Weighting_Ideas]]. To ''sort'' search results by date, use ''prefer-recent''. To ''sort'' search results by template usage, use ''boost-template''. === Morelike === The '''<kbd>morelike</kbd>''' search parameter lists all articles that compare in word frequency and word length to one or more given articles. :<kbd>morelike: ''[[Wikipedia:pagename|pagename]]'' | ''pagename2'' | ... | ''pagename50''</kbd> * Quotation marks are not needed, and spacing is not important. * Capitalization is enforced, and misspelled pagenames silently fail. * Redirects are accepted; the target article's title is used. * [[WP:pagename#namespace|a pagename with a namespace]] silently fails. * [[wp:shortcut]]s silently fail. (A shortcut redirect from article space to a project space.) * No other search parameters or other terms are allowed alongside ''morelike''. ''Morelike'' calculates a multi-word search. :<kbd>: ''word1'' ''word2'' ... ''wordN''</kbd> See them highlighted in the snippet. Morelike looks up the given pagename(s) in the search index, creates a word-frequency aggregate and a word-length aggregate from ''all'' the words, and calculates a multi-word search based on those, plus internal, variable settings. It is an expensive search. For example, say you search for :'''<kbd>morelike:William H. Stewart</kbd>''' then pick a name from that list and add it :'''<kbd>morelike:William H. Stewart|Leroy Edgar Burney</kbd>''' then add more names, until you have five input pagenames. Then you could begin blindly adjusting this automatically calculated ''morelike'' query, saying the following sorts of things: Make the calculated query * at least ''five'' words * a minimum word length of ''seven'' * a minimum word frequency of ''three'' * At most ''four'' of the five pagenames must have the term. * At least ''three'' of them must have the term. Then, say, you adjust the number of input pagenames that have a word to ''two'' (out of five). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&profile=default&search=morelike:ant|bee|wasp|Eusociality|termite&fulltext=Search&cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields=opening_text&limit=1150 It can also find similar articles based on just the title, or on just the headings, or on just the lead section. * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''title''' * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''headings''' * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''text''' * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''auxiliary_text''' * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''opening_text''' * &cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields='''all''' The search results depend on internal (<code>Mlt</code>, More like this) variables, settable via the URL, concerning which words to search with: {| class=wikitable |- | &cirrusMltMinDocFreq || How many articles with a search word, minimally |- | &cirrusMltMaxDocFreq || How many articles with a chosen word, maximumally |- | &cirrusMltMaxQueryTerms || number of search words, maximum |- | &cirrusMltMinTermFreq || Minimum word frequency of a chosen word. |- | &cirrusMltMinWordLength || Minimal length of a term to be considered. Defaults to 0. |- | &cirrusMltMaxWordLength || The maximum word length above which words will be ignored. Defaults to unbounded (0). |- | &cirrusMltFields || A comma separated list of the fields to use. Allowed fields are title, text, auxiliary_text, opening_text, headings and all. |- | &cirrusMltUseFields (true or false)|| use only the field data. Defaults to false: the system will extract the content of the text field to build the query. |- | &cirrusMltPercentTermsToMatch|| The percentage of terms to match on. Defaults to 0.3 (30 percent). |} For example here is what the address bar (turned search bar) looks like for a ''morelike'' search for lead sections of two articles, as compared to other lead sections: <small><small> https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&profile=default&search=morelike:William+H.+Stewart{{!}}Leroy+Edgar+Burney&fulltext=Search&cirrusMtlUseFields=yes&cirrusMltFields=opening_text </small></small> Notice the end containing the two added URL parameters that activated a ''morelike'' capability. === Prefer-recent === You can sort search results by date. * <kbd>prefer-recent:</kbd> * <kbd>prefer-recent:''recent'',''boost''</kbd> It goes anywhere in the query. It defaults to 160 days as "recent", and applies its boost formula 60% of the score. The formula is not the usual multiplier, it is an exponential multiplier, potentially much more powerful. This enables it to work where the default for "recent", instead of being 160 days, is can be as little as 9 seconds. If your "recent" means 9 seconds, use <kbd>prefer-recent:0.0001</kbd> For example, if you're only interested in the relatively few articles that have changed in the last week, use 7 instead. How this works is that all articles older than seven days are only boosted half as much, and all articles older than 14 days are boosted half as much again, and so on. The boost is more than the usual multiplier, it is exponential. The factor used in the exponent is the time since the last edit. The bigger the time since the last edit, the less the boost. The formula is <var>e</var>^−t, where t is either the interval in days or interval of interest. I don't know. ?? Add '''<kbd>prefer-recent</kbd>''' to the beginning of a search. It will give the more recently edited articles a boost in the search results. The general form is :<kbd>prefer-recent:''proportion_of_score_to_scale'',''half_life_in_days''</kbd> This parameter accepts two, comma-separated arguments to allowing for adjusting the default settings. By default this will scale 60% of the score [[w:Exponential_decay|exponentially]] with the time since the last edit, with a half life of 160 days. So the default is <kbd>prefer-recent:0.6,160</kbd>. This can be changed to increase the weight: :<kbd>prefer-recent:0.8,360</kbd> or decrease it: :<kbd>prefer-recent:0.4,10</kbd> The proportion_of_score_to_scale must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusive. The half_life_in_days must be greater than 0 but allows decimal points, and so works pretty well to sort close edit times if very small. For example <kbd>prefer-recent:0.6,0.0001</kbd> operates with a half-life of 8.64 seconds This will eventually be on by default for Wikinews. === Boost-templates === ''Boost-templates'':"&thinsp;" adds weight to pages with the given template or templates (plural). Using this search parameter overrides the normal template-boosting function of Search. Don't use this search parameter without supplying the weight-boosting argument unless you mean to disable the template weighting function for the search. The general format is :<kbd>boost-templates:"Template:''pagename''|''parameter'' Template:''pagename''|''parameter''"</kbd> You see, normally the [[help:system message|system message]]<ref> A system message is the value of a MediaWiki operations variable. It can consist of a snippet of plain text, wiki text, CSS, or Javascript. A ''message'' is used to customize the behavior of MediaWiki, especially as pertains to the user interface as seen by readers, but also including the way it itself appears as a simple message, and these for each language and locale.</ref> titled ''[[MediaWiki:cirrussearch-boost-templates]]'' boosts the score of the following fullpagenames: {{MediaWiki:cirrussearch-boost-templates}}. These are the actual template names and there actual boost. These are replaced during the ''boost-templates'' usage. <!-- This and other page ranking functions always process every page on any search result, in order to then enable the presentation the first page of search results. The default value for this function is a [[help:system message]], changeable by administrators. --> For example a search for "phenom" AND "lecture", with the templates ''Search link'' and ''regexp'' having the weighting score of the pages they are on multiplied by 1.5 and 2.25 respectively, ignoring all other templates (halting the addition of any score for any other template): :<kbd>phenom lecture boost-templates:"Template:search link|150% tlusage|225%"</kbd> ''Boost-templtes'' differs from ''hastemplate'' in * the default namespace * gramar. Boost-templates has a plural form, and uses a dash between the words. * syntax. Boost-templates ''requires'' quotation marks. * function. Hastemplate is a filter, but boost-templates is not; it only changes a score. * Boost-template has a parameter for controlling the ''boost''. If you just want your search results to include only pages with certain templates, use ''hastemplate'' one or more times instead, to ''filter'' out pages that don't. Otherwise, choose a multiplier similar to the system message shown above. Multiplying a page score by 10 is done with 1000%, and will probably mask all other weighting functions, such as "when the search words match in the title", will have little effect in the presentation of search results, and is not recommended because it affects the order of the entire list. Either hastemplate or boost-templates one can go anywhere in the query, each having other terms on either side of it. is a term in a query that can go anywhere in the query, having other terms on either side of it. == Bugs == Relevant <span class=plainlinks>[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/cirrussearch issues in CirrusSearch]</span>: * {{phab|T73123}}: pagename can't have double quotation " mark: incategory or intitle * The tilde ~ character should not affect the <kbd>all</kbd> parameter, for example <kbd>{{sl|~all:hephalump}}</kbd>. Not only does ~ at the beginning ''not navigate'', but it also does ''not create'' a page, and all this without interfering with any namespace argument, but it does interfere with the pseudo-namespace "all". * {{phab|T124272}} Use of both AND and OR in the same query don't work as expected * A phrase search can extend over a number # sign, but not an asterisk * character. This is inconsistent. * {{phab|119806}} <kbd>cm2</kbd> does not find <code>cm²</code>, <kbd>m3</kbd> does not find <code>m³</code>, where the superscript are unicode characters. * The search profile dialog box is difficult to dislodge. Even after the search profile is changed back to default, it continues to display. Workarounds * Use AND between two phrases, for example <kbd>{{sl|"one two" AND "three four"}}</kbd>, to avoid six unwanted articles relating to the double quote " mark. Troubleshooting * https://test.wikipedia.org/ * Change the backend by suffixing the URL: <kbd>&srbackend=LuceneSearch</kbd> or <kbd>&srbackend=CirrusSearch</kbd> * <span class=plainlinks>[//mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search={{urlencode:prefer-recent: cirrussearch -intitle: "language extension bundle" prefix:MediaWiki}}&fulltext=Search&profile=default Release notes]</span> <!-- This subpage has many ref tags with notes that currently show up here without a section, but where this subpage is transcluded, they will have a ref list.--> fbbmas9npl0onmwnl1ddog4d0mnk8t4 10 11616 84697 2022-05-20T02:02:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Trim wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#if:1|{{{x|{{{1|}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 14wjdl1oebgpc4d7v8plj06vowkoodf 10 11617 84698 2022-05-20T02:02:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Trim/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|844000+|all-pages = yes}} {{notice|This template is for trimming whitespace from strings. For the maintenance tag for images, see {{tl|trimming}}}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template trims leading and trailing (but not interior) whitespace from a string. The string should be passed as the first unnamed parameter. The parameter must be named {{para|1}} if its value contains a <code>=</code> character. You may [[WP:SUBST|substitute]] this template - that is, if used as {{tlxs|trim}}, the resulting wikicode is "clean". == Usage == {{tlx|trim|<var>text</var>}} = <var>text</var> with any leading or trailing whitespace removed. == Examples == *"{{tlx|trim|&nbsp;abc}}" produces "{{trim| abc}}" *"{{tlx|trim|xyz&nbsp;}}" produces "{{trim|xyz }}" *"{{tlx|trim|&nbsp;abc xyz&nbsp;}}" produces "{{trim| abc xyz }}" == Template data == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "The template trims whitespace from a string.", "params": { "1": { "label": "String", "description": "The string to be trimmed of whitespace", "type": "string", "required": true } } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|remove border}} {{String-handling templates |trim}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:String manipulation templates]] [[Category:Parameter handling templates]] }}</includeonly> 4pg5a62lzxk1k1v32uhp6xjqfyt1vn5 10 11618 84699 2022-05-20T02:03:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem/p-cond wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq: {{{2|{{{join|no}}}}}} | yes | | {{#switch: {{#invoke:string|sub|x{{{1|}}}|2|2}} | : | # | * = | #default = <p><!-- -->}} }}</p><noinclude>{{Documentation |content= Conditional paragraph begin. Generates a begin p-tag if needed, depending on ''prefix'' and ''join'': * nothing, in the case of joins; * nothing, where prefix metacharacters are present like (<code>*</code>, <code>#</code>, or <code>:</code>) which must sit in column 1; * a begin p-tag before the first lorem paragraph, in other cases. == Usage == {{tlc|Lorem ipsum/p-cond|''prefix''|''join''}} }}</noinclude> qfkb7yc12h7u8bfu5zqhqgsgelo8eah 10 11619 84700 2022-05-20T02:03:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem/p-end-cond wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq: {{{2|{{{join|no}}}}}} | yes | | {{#switch: {{#invoke:string|sub|x{{{1|}}}|2|2}} | : | # | * = | #default = </p><!-- -->}} }}<noinclude>{{Documentation |content= Conditional paragraph end. Generates an p-tag if needed, depending on ''prefix'' and ''join'': * nothing, in the case of joins; * nothing, where prefix metacharacters are present like (<code>*</code>, <code>#</code>, or <code>:</code>) which must sit in column 1, don't acquire begin-p tags, and therefore don't need an end p-tag; * an end p-tag after the lorem paragraph emitted last, in other cases. == Usage == {{tlc|Lorem ipsum/p-end-cond|''prefix''|''join''}} }}</noinclude> i6offputlh9z8gkyebvla5y066mg6n3 10 11620 84701 2022-05-20T02:03:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem ipsum/P1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{link|no}}}|yes|[[Lorem ipsum]]|Lorem ipsum}} dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.<noinclude>{{pp-template}}</noinclude> q2pmmu1fq1hlsxz747b5d901gp06zkp 10 11621 84704 2022-05-20T02:12:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cot wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Collapse top]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} d5c9d1b0mn88iq64b19dhiryjp55236 10 11622 84705 2022-05-20T02:15:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ombox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{Lua|Module:Message box}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Mbox templates (small)}} This is the {{tl|Ombox}} (['''O''']ther pages ['''m''']essage ['''box''']) metatemplate. It is used to build message box templates for pages of the types User, Wikipedia, MediaWiki, Template, Help, Portal and any new future namespaces; i.e. for page types not covered by {{tl|Ambox}}, {{tl|Tmbox}}, {{tl|Imbox}} or {{tl|Cmbox}}. Thus, it should ''not'' be used for boxes for articles, talk pages, image pages or category pages. This template works almost exactly like {{tl|Ambox}} and uses the same parameters. === Introduction === {{anchor|We are deploying!|Intro}} As noted above, this template should be used for message boxes that are not articles, talk pages, image pages or category pages. Some message boxes for other pages may incorrectly use one of those four mentioned. Feel free to convert any message boxes used on "other pages" to use this meta-template. If you find any tricky cases then list them on the talk page of this template and you'll get help. When this template is used to build other pages message boxes those boxes should contain explanatory texts just like before. (The same texts as before or new improved texts.) If there are more specific images in the boxes or you know a better image, then use them instead of the default images shown here. === Usage === Simple usage example: <pre> {{ombox | text = Some text. }} </pre> {{ombox | text = Some text.}} {{clear}} Complex example: <pre> {{ombox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} </pre> {{ombox | type = style | image = [[File:Emblem-question-yellow.svg|40px]] | style = width: 400px; | textstyle = color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; | text = The message body text. }} {{clear}} === Other pages message box types === The following examples use different '''type''' parameters but use no image parameters; thus, they use the default images for each type. {{ombox | type = speedy | text = type=<u>speedy</u> – Speedy deletion templates. }} {{ombox | type = delete | text = type=<u>delete</u> – Deletion templates. }} {{ombox | type = content | text = type=<u>content</u> – Major warnings and problems, such as {{tl|high-use}}. }} {{ombox | type = style | text = type=<u>style</u> – Minor warnings and problems. {{tl|Intricate template}} should perhaps use this type. }} {{ombox | type = notice | text = type=<u>notice</u> – Notices and messages of any kind, both permanent and temporary. Such as {{tl|guideline}} and {{tl|Wikipedia how-to}}. }} {{ombox | type = move | text = type=<u>move</u> – Merge, split, rename and transwiki messages and proposals. }} {{ombox | type = protection | text = type=<u>protection</u> – Protection templates such as {{tl|pp}} when shown on "other pages". }} === Examples === Some examples using the "notice" style: {{ombox | text = No type and no image given ('''default''') }} {{ombox | image = none | text = No type and '''image=none''' – No image is used and the '''text''' uses the whole message box area. }} {{ombox | image = [[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]] | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]] | text = image = <nowiki>[[File:Gnome globe current event.svg|42px]]</nowiki> <br> imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.svg|40px]]</nowiki> }} {{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Blue check.svg|30px]] | imageright = {{shortcut|WP:SHORT}} | text = '''This page documents an English Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|guideline]].''' It is a generally accepted standard that editors should follow, though it should be treated with [[Wikipedia:Use common sense|common sense]] and the [[Wikipedia:Ignore all rules|occasional exception]]. When editing this page, please ensure that your revision reflects [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. When in doubt, discuss on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]]. }} {{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Nutshell.png|30px]] | text = '''This page in a nutshell:''' This template is used to build message boxes for all pages that are ''not'' articles, talk pages, image pages or category pages. }} === Parameters === List of all parameters: <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{ombox | name = name of the template | type = speedy / delete / content / style / notice / move / protection | image = none / [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | imageright = [[File:Some image.svg|40px]] | style = CSS values | textstyle = CSS values | plainlinks = no | text = The message body text. | small = {{{small|}}} / yes | smallimage = none / [[File:Some image.svg|30px]] | smallimageright = none / [[File:Some image.svg|30px]] | smalltext = A shorter message body text. }} </syntaxhighlight> '''name''' :(Optional) Name of the template. This adds a CSS class with name <code>box-''name''</code> to the HTML element, for use by bots or scripts. '''type''' :If no '''type''' parameter is given the template defaults to type '''notice'''. That means it gets a gray border. '''image''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''image''' parameter is given the template uses a default image. Which default image it uses depends on the '''type''' parameter. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: ::<code><nowiki>image = [[File:Crystal package settings.png|40px]]</nowiki></code> :'''none''' = Means that no image is used. '''imageright''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''imageright''' parameter is given then no image is shown on the right side. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 40px - 50px width are usually about right depending on the image height to width ratio. (But the message box can handle images of any size.) For example: ::<code><nowiki>imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|40px]]</nowiki></code> :'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side. '''style''' :Optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] values used by the entire message box table. Without quotation marks <code>" "</code> but with the ending semicolons <code>;</code>. For example: ::<code>style = margin-bottom: 0.5em;</code> '''textstyle''' :Optional [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] values used by the text cell. For example: ::<code>textstyle = text-align: center;</code> '''plainlinks''' :Normally on Wikipedia, external links have an arrow icon next to them, like this: [http://www.example.com Example.com]. However, in message boxes, the arrow icon is suppressed by default, like this: <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.example.com Example.com]</span>. To get the normal style of external link with the arrow icon, use {{para|plainlinks|no}}. '''text''' :The message body text. ==== The small parameters ==== {{ombox | small = yes | text = small = yes }} {{ombox | type = style | small = yes | text = type = style <br> small = yes }} '''small''' :'''yes''' = Makes it a smaller right floating message box. This also makes the default images smaller. Note that any data fed to the '''smallimage''', '''smallimageright''' and '''smalltext''' parameters is only used if "small=yes". To make it so your template also understands the small parameter you can use this code: ::<code><nowiki>small = {{{small|}}}</nowiki></code> {{ombox | small = yes | image = [[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|50px]] | smallimage = [[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|32px]] | text = small = yes <br> image = <nowiki>[[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|50px]]</nowiki> <br> smallimage = <nowiki>[[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|32px]]</nowiki> }} '''smallimage''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''smallimage''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''image''' parameter. If the '''image''' parameter also is empty then a small default image is used. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 30px width is usually about right. For example: ::<code><nowiki>smallimage = [[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|30px]]</nowiki></code> :'''none''' = Means that no image is used. This overrides any image fed to '''image''', when "small=yes". {{ombox | small = yes | imageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|50px]] | smallimageright = none | text = small = yes <br> imageright = <nowiki>[[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|50px]]</nowiki> <br> smallimageright = none }} '''smallimageright''' :'''No parameter''' = If no '''smallimageright''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''imageright''' parameter. If the '''imageright''' parameter also is empty then no image is shown on the right side. :'''An image''' = Should be an image with usual wiki notation. 30px width is usually about right. For example: ::<code><nowiki>smallimageright = [[File:Nuvola apps bookcase.png|30px]]</nowiki></code> :'''Anything''' = Any other object that you want to show on the right side. :'''none''' = Means that no right side image is used. This overrides any image fed to '''imageright''', when "small=yes". '''smalltext''' :A shorter version of the message body text. If no '''smalltext''' parameter is given then this template falls back to use the '''text''' parameter. === Technical details === If you need to use special characters in the text parameter then you need to escape them like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="tid"> {{ombox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} </syntaxhighlight> {{ombox | text = <div> Equal sign = and a start and end brace { } work fine as they are. But here is a pipe {{!}} and two end braces <nowiki>}}</nowiki>. And now a pipe and end braces <nowiki>|}}</nowiki>. </div> }} This template uses the ombox CSS classes in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] for most of its looks, thus it is fully skinnable. The default images for this meta-template are in png format instead of svg format. The main reason is that some older web browsers have trouble with the transparent background that MediaWiki renders for svg images. The png images here have hand optimised transparent background colour so they look good in all browsers. Note that svg icons only look somewhat bad in the old browsers, thus such hand optimisation is only worth the trouble for very widely used icons. For more technical details see the [[Template talk:Ombox|talk page]]. Since this template works almost exactly like {{tl|ambox}}, {{tl|tmbox}}, {{tl|imbox}} and {{tl|cmbox}} their talk pages and related pages might also contain more details. ===See also=== {{Mbox templates see also}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Mbox and messagebox templates]] [[Category:Exclude in print]] }}</includeonly> huagk9lpw8dt41zzknxljvbjxh272jn 828 11623 84707 2022-05-20T02:18:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbar/configuration/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} {{used in system}} Configuration used by [[Module:Navbar]]. fv41n4ui8yvj8on4okozgpveunvfmbc 828 11624 84708 2022-05-20T02:25:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navbar/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .navbar { display: inline; font-size: 88%; font-weight: normal; } .navbar-collapse { float: left; text-align: left; } .navbar-boxtext { word-spacing: 0; } .navbar ul { display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; line-height: inherit; } .navbar-brackets::before { margin-right: -0.125em; content: '[ '; } .navbar-brackets::after { margin-left: -0.125em; content: ' ]'; } .navbar li { word-spacing: -0.125em; } .navbar a > span, .navbar a > abbr { text-decoration: inherit; } .navbar-mini abbr { font-variant: small-caps; border-bottom: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; } .navbar-ct-full { font-size: 114%; margin: 0 7em; } .navbar-ct-mini { font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em; } id9uhrgq1wqygbzuyhnoc90pmdlwwhd 828 11625 84709 2022-05-20T02:26:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2013-01-11 return { ["aar"] = "aa", ["abk"] = "ab", ["afr"] = "af", ["aka"] = "ak", ["amh"] = "am", ["ara"] = "ar", ["arg"] = "an", ["asm"] = "as", ["ava"] = "av", ["ave"] = "ae", ["aym"] = "ay", ["aze"] = "az", ["bak"] = "ba", ["bam"] = "bm", ["bel"] = "be", ["ben"] = "bn", ["bih"] = "bh", ["bis"] = "bi", ["bod"] = "bo", ["bos"] = "bs", ["bre"] = "br", ["bul"] = "bg", ["cat"] = "ca", ["ces"] = "cs", ["cha"] = "ch", ["che"] = "ce", ["chu"] = "cu", ["chv"] = "cv", ["cor"] = "kw", ["cos"] = "co", ["cre"] = "cr", ["cym"] = "cy", ["dan"] = "da", ["deu"] = "de", ["div"] = "dv", ["dzo"] = "dz", ["ell"] = "el", ["eng"] = "en", ["epo"] = "eo", ["est"] = "et", ["eus"] = "eu", ["ewe"] = "ee", ["fao"] = "fo", ["fas"] = "fa", ["fij"] = "fj", ["fin"] = "fi", ["fra"] = "fr", ["fry"] = "fy", ["ful"] = "ff", ["gla"] = "gd", ["gle"] = "ga", ["glg"] = "gl", ["glv"] = "gv", ["grn"] = "gn", ["guj"] = "gu", ["hat"] = "ht", ["hau"] = "ha", ["heb"] = "he", ["her"] = "hz", ["hin"] = "hi", ["hmo"] = "ho", ["hrv"] = "hr", ["hun"] = "hu", ["hye"] = "hy", ["ibo"] = "ig", ["ido"] = "io", ["iii"] = "ii", ["iku"] = "iu", ["ile"] = "ie", ["ina"] = "ia", ["ind"] = "id", ["ipk"] = "ik", ["isl"] = "is", ["ita"] = "it", ["jav"] = "jv", ["jpn"] = "ja", ["kal"] = "kl", ["kan"] = "kn", ["kas"] = "ks", ["kat"] = "ka", ["kau"] = "kr", ["kaz"] = "kk", ["khm"] = "km", ["kik"] = "ki", ["kin"] = "rw", ["kir"] = "ky", ["kom"] = "kv", ["kon"] = "kg", ["kor"] = "ko", ["kua"] = "kj", ["kur"] = "ku", ["lao"] = "lo", ["lat"] = "la", ["lav"] = "lv", ["lim"] = "li", ["lin"] = "ln", ["lit"] = "lt", ["ltz"] = "lb", ["lub"] = "lu", ["lug"] = "lg", ["mah"] = "mh", ["mal"] = "ml", ["mar"] = "mr", ["mkd"] = "mk", ["mlg"] = "mg", ["mlt"] = "mt", ["mon"] = "mn", ["mri"] = "mi", ["msa"] = "ms", ["mya"] = "my", ["nau"] = "na", ["nav"] = "nv", ["nbl"] = "nr", ["nde"] = "nd", ["ndo"] = "ng", ["nep"] = "ne", ["nld"] = "nl", ["nno"] = "nn", ["nob"] = "nb", ["nor"] = "no", ["nya"] = "ny", ["oci"] = "oc", ["oji"] = "oj", ["ori"] = "or", ["orm"] = "om", ["oss"] = "os", ["pan"] = "pa", ["pli"] = "pi", ["pol"] = "pl", ["por"] = "pt", ["pus"] = "ps", ["que"] = "qu", ["roh"] = "rm", ["ron"] = "ro", ["run"] = "rn", ["rus"] = "ru", ["sag"] = "sg", ["san"] = "sa", ["sin"] = "si", ["slk"] = "sk", ["slv"] = "sl", ["sme"] = "se", ["smo"] = "sm", ["sna"] = "sn", ["snd"] = "sd", ["som"] = "so", ["sot"] = "st", ["spa"] = "es", ["sqi"] = "sq", ["srd"] = "sc", ["srp"] = "sr", ["ssw"] = "ss", ["sun"] = "su", ["swa"] = "sw", ["swe"] = "sv", ["tah"] = "ty", ["tam"] = "ta", ["tat"] = "tt", ["tel"] = "te", ["tgk"] = "tg", ["tgl"] = "tl", ["tha"] = "th", ["tir"] = "ti", ["ton"] = "to", ["tsn"] = "tn", ["tso"] = "ts", ["tuk"] = "tk", ["tur"] = "tr", ["twi"] = "tw", ["uig"] = "ug", ["ukr"] = "uk", ["urd"] = "ur", ["uzb"] = "uz", ["ven"] = "ve", ["vie"] = "vi", ["vol"] = "vo", ["wln"] = "wa", ["wol"] = "wo", ["xho"] = "xh", ["yid"] = "yi", ["yor"] = "yo", ["zha"] = "za", ["zho"] = "zh", ["zul"] = "zu" } shzq5qyzo42nqfska6amwdq4g8lois9 828 11626 84710 2022-05-20T02:27:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{High-risk|639000}} This module contains data taken directly from a local copy of data copied from the table at [https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages] on the ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 custodian's website. The table in this module was created using [[Module:Language/data/ISO 639-2/make]]. There should be no need to hand edit this table, so please do not do so except to reflect changes that are actually present in the source (in which case it is probably better to re-run the extraction tool on the new data). <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Language-related modules]] }}</includeonly> 1b5p7n6kfvjasjielawccbhttjs7xuh 10 11627 84711 2022-05-20T02:28:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Language templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sidebar | name = Language templates | width = 238px | bodystyle = border-spacing:0;background:#f7f7f7;padding:2px; | titlestyle = background:#ccccff; | title = Language templates | contentclass = plainlist | contentstyle = padding:0.25em;background:#fdfdfd; | navbarstyle = background:#fdfdfd;padding:0 5px | heading1 = Language names ([[ISO 639]]) | content1 = * {{tl|ISO 639 name}} | heading2 = Interwiki links | content2 = * {{tl|Wikt-lang}} * [[Module:Language]] * {{tl|Interlanguage link}} | heading5 = Foreign-language text | content5 = * {{tl|Lang}} * [[Module:Lang]] * {{tl|Transliteration}} * {{tl|Title language}} * {{tl|PIE}} ([[Proto-Indo-European language]] content) | heading6 = Other | content6 = * {{tl|IPA}} ([[International Phonetic Alphabet]] transcriptions) * [[Module:Language/data]] * [[:Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= [[WP:SIDEBAR|Sidebar]] listing language [[WP:templates|templates]]. }} [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] </noinclude> 2hlim43znz21ta2ysmqv86a3xn7xbul 10 11628 84712 2022-05-20T02:31:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Color wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="color:{{{1|}}}">{{{2|{{{1|}}}}}}</span><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --></noinclude> s66u50lzf1g4d955nh4mw43vypr0i16 10 11629 84713 2022-05-20T02:31:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Color/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{high-use}} {{Warning |'''Prose text intended for readers should never be manually colored.''' ([[MOS:PROSECOLOR]])}} This template can be used to specify the foreground color of a span of text. Acceptable values are [[RGB color model|RGB]] hex codes, e.g. #C9E72A, or any of the [[web colors]]: red, blue, green, moccasin, darkorchid, etc. To set the background color of a span of text, use {{Template link|background color}}. ===Usage=== * {{Template link expanded|color|name of color or hex code of color|Text}} For example: *{{demo inline|<nowiki>{{color|red|Hello, world!}}</nowiki>}} *{{demo inline|<nowiki>{{color|#00F000|Hello, world!}}</nowiki>}} If the second parameter is omitted, the color value is displayed as text: *{{demo inline|<nowiki>{{color|#00F000}}</nowiki>}} *{{demo inline|<nowiki>{{color|red}}</nowiki>}} ===Performance considerations=== The template generates an HTML span tag: <nowiki><span style="color:{{{1}}}">{{{2}}}</span></nowiki> It runs at speeds in excess of 700 per second,{{clarify|date=January 2022}} and so is functionally identical to using the HTML markup directly. ===Template data=== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "The color template can be used to add a span of text with any given text color", "params": { "1": { "label": "Color", "description": "CSS name of color or hex code of color, e.g. 'red' or '#00F000'.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Text", "description": "The string of text to be formatted in the desired color", "type": "string", "suggested": true } } } </templatedata> ===Redirects=== * {{Template link general |COLOR|nolink=on|code=on}} * {{Template link general |Colored text|nolink=on|code=on}} * {{Template link general |Colour|nolink=on|code=on}} * {{Template link general|COLOUR|nolink=on|code=on}} * {{Template link general |Fgcolor|nolink=on|code=on}} ===See also=== * {{Template link|resize}} * {{Template link|colored link}} * {{Template link|background color}} * {{Template link|font color}} – allows setting both text and background color * {{Template link|coltit}} – colored table header cell <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Text color templates| ]] }}</includeonly> e5fq75b1og2f8uat64kzu96vrfpthyr 10 11630 84714 2022-05-20T02:31:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Clarify wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Fix-span |link=Wikipedia:Please clarify |text=clarification needed |title={{delink|{{{reason|The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon.}}}}} |date={{{date|}}} |pre-text={{{pre-text|}}} |post-text={{{post-text|}}} |cat-date=Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification |content={{{text|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kjp3as22plgas9k5m3vn1xr2xrirjn4 10 11631 84715 2022-05-20T02:32:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Clarify/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories at the end of this page, please; interwikis links at Wikidata. --> {{distinguish|Template:Confusing}} Use this template in the body of an article as a request for other editors to clarify text that is difficult to understand. When the problem is not with the wording, but the sourcing, one may use {{tl|specify}} instead. For dealing with dubious information, please use one of the following: {{tl|citation needed}}, {{tl|verify source}}, {{tl|dubious}} or {{tl|disputed inline}}. For sentences that are simply ungrammatical or awkwardly written, rather than unclear in their content, use {{tl|copy edit inline}}. This [[Wikipedia:Template|template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopedic content. == Usage == This is an [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Inline Templates|inline template]] which should be placed immediately after the material in question, as with a footnote. For example: : <code> This sentence needs clarification.{{tlp|clarify|date{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}&nbsp;{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} </code> → This sentence needs clarification.{{clarify|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}&nbsp;{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ::The wikilink on "clarification needed" is set to [[Wikipedia:Please clarify]]. ==Parameters== ;Abbreviated parameter sets: :{{tlx|Clarify|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|3=reason=&nbsp;}} :{{tlx|Clarify|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|3=reason=&nbsp;|4=text=&nbsp;}} ;Full parameter set: :{{tlx|Clarify|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|3=reason=&nbsp;|4=text=&nbsp;|5=pre-text=&nbsp;|6=post-text=&nbsp;}} ;Parameter descriptions ;{{Para|date}} :Like all inline templates, this Clarify template allows a date parameter which records when the clarify tag was added. If the date parameter was not included when this template was added, the date parameter will automatically be added soon after by a [[WP:BOT|bot]]. Alternatively, you may add the date automatically (without requiring bot intervention) by [[WP:SUBST|substituting]] the template. That is: {{tlxs|Clarify}} is equivalent to {{tlx|Clarify|2=date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}. This substitution technique also works if other parameters{{snd}} {{para|reason}} {{para|pre-text}} {{para|post-text}}{{snd}} are included. ;{{Para|reason}} :Because it may not be immediately apparent to other readers and / or editors what the specific reason the tagged passage is in need of clarification, it is generally helpful to add a brief reason for the Clarify tag: <code><nowiki>{{Clarify|reason=</nowiki><var>What the problem is</var><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> (this is preferable to using an HTML <code>&lt;!-- comment --&gt;</code> after the tag, as it is tidier to keep all of the {{Tlx|Clarify}}-related code inside the template). If the request reason would be lengthy, use the article's talk page to address the issue in detail. :As well as being visible in the source code for readers and editors' benefit, the <code>reason</code> parameter is, if provided, displayed as a pop-up when the mouse is hovered over the 'clarification needed' link in the article.<!-- For technical reasons, this mouse-over pop-up feature does not work if the reason text contains double quotes. Use single quotes instead, or use the code <code>&amp;quot;</code> if it is essential to include a double quote. (Seems to no longer be a problem, since ca. 2015)--> ;{{Para|text}} :The particular text needing clarification may be highlighted within the prose by wrapping this Clarify template around it: ::As an example: :::''Understandable text preceding the template'', <code>{{tlp|Clarify|text{{=}}unclear or ambiguous text,|date{{=}}{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}&nbsp;{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</code> ''understandable text following the template''. ::produces: :::''Understandable text preceding the template'', {{Clarify|text=unclear or ambiguous text,|date={{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}&nbsp;{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ''understandable text following the template''. :Please note: when using this <code>text=</code> parameter, please ensure you leave a '''space''' before starting the template code. ;{{Para|pre-text}} ;{{Para|post-text}} :One can specify additional text to appear before and / or after the displayed 'clarification needed' tag using either (or both) the two parameters listed above. ::Examples follow: :#<code><nowiki>{{Clarify|pre-text=remove or}}</nowiki></code> :#:will cause the text 'remove or' to appear <u>before</u> 'clarification needed' like this:{{Clarify|pre-text=remove or}} :#<code><nowiki>{{Clarify|post-text=(complicated jargon)}}</nowiki></code> :#:will cause '(complicated jargon)' to appear <u>after</u> 'clarification needed' like this:{{Clarify|post-text=(complicated jargon)}} :#<code><nowiki>{{Clarify|post-text=(see [[Talk:Example#Clarification needed|talk]])}}</nowiki></code> :#:can be used to link to a discussion on the article's [[talk page]]; this example produces:{{Clarify|post-text=(see [[Talk:Example#Clarification needed|talk]])}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "Use this inline template as a request for other editors to clarify text that is difficult to understand. Place immediately after the material in question.", "params": { "reason": { "label": "Reason", "type": "string", "description": "A brief reason for the tag. Avoid using wikilinks, as they will be converted to plain text in the output.", "suggested": true }, "text": { "label": "Text", "type": "string", "description": "Text fragment containing concerns the tag is supposed to address." }, "date": { "label": "Date", "type": "string", "description": "The date the tag was added (this will be added automatically soon by a bot if not added manually).", "autovalue": "{{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}", "suggested": true }, "pre-text": { "label": "Pre-text", "type": "string", "description": "Any string to be added before the \"Clarify\" tag, such as \"?\"", "autovalue": "" }, "post-text": { "label": "Post-text", "type": "string", "description": "Any string to be added after the \"Clarify\" tag, such as \"complicated jargon\"." } } } </templatedata> == Categorization == Adding this template to an article will automatically place the article into [[:Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification]], or a dated subcategory thereof. == Redirects == {{startflatlist}} * {{tlf|Clarification needed}} * {{tlf|Clarify me}} * {{tlf|Confusing-inline}} * {{tlf|Confusing-short}} * {{tlf|Define?}} * {{tlf|How?}} * {{tlf|Huh}} * {{tlf|What?}} * {{tlf|What}} {{endflatlist}} == See also == {{colbegin|colwidth=25em}} {| |'''Related inline templates''' * {{tl|Clarify span}} * {{tl|Ambiguous}} * {{tl|Definition}} * {{Tl|Examples}} * {{tl|Explain}} * {{tl|Non sequitur}} * {{tl|Vague}} * {{tl|Which one}} |} {| |'''Message-box templates''' * {{tl|Confusing}} * {{tl|Confusing section}} * {{Tl|Expand section}} * {{Tl|Missing information}} |} {| |'''Related pages''' * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Explain jargon]] * [[Wikipedia:Please clarify]] |} {{colend}} {{Inline tags}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories after this line, please; interwikis links at Wikidata. --> [[Category:Coherency templates]] [[Category:Inline cleanup templates]] }}</includeonly> 7foi2unwbybkkgm93ss3xepgzyl0hp4 10 11632 84716 2022-05-20T02:32:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Inline tags wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Inline cleanup tags]] {{R from move}} tgbgc2ccli2tfz7bz1kcy6l6i675pxg 10 11633 84717 2022-05-20T02:32:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Inline cleanup tags wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Inline cleanup tags | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = Inline cleanup tags | evenodd = off | group1 = Attribution | list1 = * {{tl|According to whom}} * {{tl|Attribution needed}} * {{tl|By whom}} * {{tl|From whom?}} * {{tl|Like whom?}} * {{tl|To whom?}} * {{tl|Who}} * {{tl|With whom}} | group2 = Clarity | list2 = * {{tl|Ambiguous}} * {{tl|Clarify}} * {{tl|Clarify span}} * {{tl|Clarify timeframe}} * {{tl|Context inline}} * {{tl|Expand acronym}} * {{tl|Incomprehensible inline}} * {{tl|Incomprehensible inline span}} * {{tl|Non sequitur}} * {{tl|Sentence fragment}} * {{tl|Which calendar}} | group3 = Miscellaneous | list3 = * {{tl|Chinese script needed inline}} * {{tl|Copyright violation}} * {{tl|Copyvio link}} * {{tl|Data missing}} * {{tl|Disambiguation needed}} * {{tl|External links inline}} * {{tl|Improve caption}} * {{tl|Needs IPA}} * {{tl|Original research inline}} * {{tl|Original research span}} * {{tl|Pronunciation needed}} * {{tl|Siadn}} * {{tl|Spam link}} * {{tl|Synthesis inline}} * {{tl|Synthesis inline span}} * {{tl|Under discussion inline}} * {{tl|Verify spelling}} * {{tl|Whose translation}} | group4 = Neutrality | list4 = * {{tl|Buzzword inline}} * {{tl|Compared to?}} * {{tl|Editorializing}} * {{tl|Fact or opinion}} * {{tl|Opinion}} * {{tl|Peacock inline}} * {{tl|POV statement}} * {{tl|Promotion inline}} * {{tl|Unbalanced opinion}} * {{tl|Weasel inline}} * {{tl|Weasel word some span}} | group5 = Precision | list5 = {{Navbox |child | evenodd = off | list1 = * {{tl|By how much}} * {{tl|Definition}} * {{tl|Definition needed}} * {{tl|Example needed}} * {{tl|Example needed span}} * {{tl|Explain}} * {{tl|How}} * {{tl|How often}} * {{tl|Misquoted}} * {{tl|Quantify}} * {{tl|Specify}} * {{tl|Vague}} * {{tl|When}} * {{tl|Where}} * {{tl|Which}} * {{tl|Who else}} * {{tl|Why}} * {{tl|Year needed}} | group2 = Excessive | list2 = * {{tl|Duplication span}} * {{tl|Importance inline}} * {{tl|Relevance inline}} * {{tl|Undue weight inline}} * {{tl|Globalize-inline}} }} | group6 = Time-sensitivity | list6 = * {{tl|Anachronism inline}} * {{tl|Clarify timeframe}} * {{tl|Current event inline}} * {{tl|Is this date calibrated?}} * {{tl|Update after}} * {{tl|Update inline}} * {{tl|Update inline span}} | group7 = Verifiability | list7 = {{Navbox|child | evenodd = off | group1 = Dubious | list1 = * {{tl|Contradict-inline}} * {{tl|Disputed inline}} * {{tl|Dubious}} * {{tl|Dubious span}} * {{tl|Inconsistent}} * {{tl|Needs independent confirmation}} * {{tl|Speculation inline}} | group2 = Incomplete or<br />broken citation | list2 = * {{tl|Author incomplete}} * {{tl|Author missing}} * {{tl|Bare URL inline}} * {{tl|Bare URL PDF}} * {{tl|Bare URL image}} * {{tl|Bare URL plain text}} * {{tl|Bare URL spreadsheet}} * {{tl|Date missing}} * {{tl|Dead link}} * {{tl|Edition needed}} * {{tl|Episode needed}} * {{tl|Full citation needed}} * {{tl|Incomplete short citation}} * {{tl|ISBN missing}} * {{tl|Moved resource}} * {{tl|Page needed}} * {{tl|Place missing}} * {{tl|Publisher missing}} * {{tl|Season needed}} * {{tl|Time needed}} * {{tl|Title incomplete}} * {{tl|Title missing}} * {{tl|Volume needed}} * {{tl|Year missing}} | group3 = Missing or<br />problematic<br />reference | list3 = * {{tl|Additional citation needed}} * {{tl|Better source needed}} * {{tl|Better source needed example}} * {{tl|Check quotation}} * {{tl|Chronology citation needed}} * {{tl|Citation needed}} * {{tl|Citation needed span}} * {{tl|Citation not found}} * {{tl|COI source}} * {{tl|Deprecated inline}} * {{tl|Excessive citations inline}} * {{tl|Failed verification}} * {{tl|Failed verification span}} * {{tl|Imagefact}} * {{tl|Irrelevant citation}} * {{tl|Medical citation needed}} * {{tl|Medical citation needed span}} * {{tl|Nonspecific}} * {{tl|Not verified in body}} * {{tl|Obsolete source}} * {{tl|Page range too broad}} * {{tl|Primary source inline}} * {{tl|Promotional source}} * {{tl|Quote without source}} * {{tl|Request quotation}} * {{tl|Request quotation span}} * {{tl|Retracted}} * {{tl|Scientific citation needed}} * {{tl|Self-published inline}} * {{tl|Tertiary source inline}} * {{tl|Third-party inline}} * {{tl|Unreliable fringe source}} * {{tl|Unreliable medical source}} * {{tl|Unreliable source?}} * {{tl|Verify quote}} * {{tl|Verify source}} }} | group8 = Wording | list8 = * {{tl|Buzzword inline}} * {{tl|Colloquialism}} * {{tl|Copy edit inline}} * {{tl|Neologism inline}} * {{tl|Technical inline}} * {{tl|Tone inline}} | group9 = General advice | list9 = * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]] * [[Help:Maintenance template removal |Maintenance template removal]] * [[Wikipedia:Citation needed|Citation needed]] * [[Help:Find sources|Find sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Combining sources|Combining sources]] * [[Help:Overview of referencing styles|Referencing styles]] | belowstyle = font-weight:bold; | below = * {{icon|Category}} {{c|Inline cleanup templates}} * {{icon link|WikiProject|Wikipedia:WikiProject Inline Templates|WikiProject Inline Templates}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4poexizz6klxck76nye01c32d1wmlgr 10 11634 84718 2022-05-20T02:33:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Inline cleanup tags/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == The {{tlx|Inline cleanup tags}} template is a convenience navbox for use on the documentation pages for various inline templates, linking to the others. {{clear}} {{Collapsible option}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "state": {} } } </templatedata> ==See also== *{{tl|Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates}} *{{tl|Copyright issue templates}} *{{tl|Tools}} *[[Wikipedia:Hatnote]] *[[Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance navigational templates]] }}</includeonly> ekw3s4lldcvdmxqw7qfc8sny3sblhjs 10 11635 84719 2022-05-20T02:33:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Icon link wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:icon|link}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gwfnqwm3995iyj5v4ffmm0xbdhxyodn 10 11636 84720 2022-05-20T02:34:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Icon link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Icon}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Use this template to display a [[Template:Icon#Table|Wikipedia icon]] followed by a link. <!-- : {{tc|icon link&#32;|''1''&#32;|''2''}} : {{tc|icon link&#32;|''1''&#32;|''2''&#32;|italics&#61;''(see below)''}} : {{tc|icon link&#32;|''1''&#32;|''2''|''3''}} : {{tc|icon link&#32;|''1''|iconsize&#61;''(see below)''&#32;|''2'' ''(etc)''}} --> Set the first parameter as the icon's class or name (as given at {{tl|icon}}). Set the second parameter as the link's name<!--. Any double and triple apostrophes (i.e. [[Help:Wiki markup#Text formatting|wiki markup for italics and bold]]) will be ignored-->: {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |GA |Saints Row 2 (mobile)}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |GA |Saints Row 2 (mobile)}} |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |A |''Saints Row 2'' (mobile)}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |A |''Saints Row 2'' (mobile)}} |} To render the link in italics, include the parameter {{para|i}}, {{para|italics}} or {{para|italic}} with any value (e.g. "on", "true", "y"): {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |FAC |Jumping Flash!|italics=on}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |FAC |Jumping Flash!|italics=on}} |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |NA |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|i=y}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |NA |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|i=y}} |} (Note that "(mobile)" in the example immediately above is also now italicized.) Alternatively, use the third parameter to specify a label for the link and/or its formatting: {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |B |Saints Row 2 (mobile)}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |B |Saints Row 2 (mobile)}} |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |C |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|''Saints Row 2'' (mobile)}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |C |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|''Saints Row 2'' (mobile)}} |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |C |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|Something ''completely'' different}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |C |Saints Row 2 (mobile)|Something ''completely'' different}} |} By default, the icon is rendered as 16x16px (16 by 16 pixels). To use a different size, set it as {{para|iconsize}} or {{para|size}}: {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |Wikinews |Wikinews:Main Page|Wikinews}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |Wikinews |Wikinews:Main Page|Wikinews}} |- | <nowiki>{{icon link |Wikinews|iconsize=28px |Wikinews:Main Page|Wikinews}}</nowiki> || {{icon link |Wikinews|iconsize=28px |Wikinews:Main Page|Wikinews}} |} ===See also=== * {{tl|icon}} <includeonly>{{basepage subpage | <!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Internal link templates]] [[Category:Interwiki link templates]] [[Category:Single-image insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> 2939pkrqm3lnzdxh112ohn7dpo33b74 10 11637 84721 2022-05-20T02:35:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Template other/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|ns10}} {{High-risk|2=yes|all-pages=yes}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> This is a meta-template which helps other templates detect whether they are used in the "Template:" namespace. ==Usage== This template usually takes one or two parameters: : {{tc|Template other&nbsp;|''[result/action if on a template page]''&#32;(|''[result/action if on another type of page]'')}} For example, if {{tlf|Template other&#32;|On template page&#32;|Not on template page}} were on a "Template:" page, it would return: : {{Template other |On template page |Not on template page}} On any other type of page (e.g. "Wikipedia:", "User:") it would return: : {{Template other|demospace=other |On template page |Not on template page}} A typical use is to manage the categorization of template pages. Adding {{tlf|Template other&nbsp;|&#32;|{{!((}}Category:''[category name]''{{))!}}}} to a template, for instance, means it would only categorize a page when that page isn't a template page. (The first parameter consists of nothing, so no action taken if/when the template is on a template page.) ==Demospace== The parameter {{mono|demospace}} can be used to demonstrate or test this template. By default, it is undefined and has no effect on the template's action, but: * when set as "template" ({{para|demospace|template}}), it prompts the template to return the ''first'' result/action above (i.e. to behave as if on a "Template:" page) even if the template is on a different type of page; * when set as "other" ({{para|demospace|other}}), it prompts the template to return the ''second'' result/action above (i.e. to behave as if not on a "Template:" page) even if the template is on a "Template:" page. For example: <pre> {{Template other | demospace = template | Template page text | Other pages text }} </pre> No matter on what kind of page the code above is used, it returns: {{Template other | demospace = template | Template page text | Other pages text }} You can make it so your template also understands the '''demospace''' parameter. That means you can demonstrate the different appearances of your template in the documentation for your template. Then do like this: <pre> {{template other | Template page text | Other pages text | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} }} </pre> ==Technical details== This template detects "Template talk:" pages as type '''other'''. For more details relevant to this template, see {{tl|Main talk other}}, which works similarly. {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> t2yvovmv51ut79kbzyy6ld4xuv1zrv7 10 11638 84722 2022-05-20T02:35:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!(( wikitext text/x-wiki [[<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> kx6wfr2em4x51ldy401n0q58z3lvxb8 10 11639 84723 2022-05-20T02:35:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!((/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template is used to place the square brackets <nowiki>[[</nowiki> onto the page. This is usually done to mitigate the conflict between template syntax and wikilink syntax; in other words, to put complex parser functions inside of the brackets of a wikilink. It is mirrored by {{t|))!}}, which will place the closing square brackets ]] and complete the wikilink. == Similar templates == {{Escape template list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "This template produces [[ as ordinary text." } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Templates used by fb templates]] }}</includeonly> 174vaquofe9ju61ubd6fa11pnmr9ac7 10 11640 84725 84724 2022-05-20T02:36:44Z BevoLJ 10818 fix: Inyandikorugero:))! wikitext text/x-wiki ]]<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 9eedfl8595z67nnifo09swq3y20vmvs 10 11641 84726 2022-05-20T02:36:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:))!/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template is used to place the square brackets <nowiki>]]</nowiki> onto the page. This is usually done to mitigate the conflict between template syntax and wikilink syntax; in other words, to put complex parser functions inside of the brackets of a wikilink. It is mirrored by {{t|!((}}, which will place the opening square brackets <nowiki>[[</nowiki> and complete the wikilink. == Similar templates == {{Escape template list}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] [[Category:Templates used by fb templates]] }}</includeonly> rmy26wysx9qzfjre9r3ftgrb5gpbdwi 10 11642 84728 2022-05-20T02:39:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colbegin wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:div col]] prp6yxetzhry2p9n2zre0d1pldm8zrn 10 11643 84729 2022-05-20T02:39:31Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colend wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:div col end]] guyqb9m6zbkawavnc8ljqgh9dpet21t 10 11644 84730 2022-05-20T02:39:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fix-span wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{content|}}}|<span class="{{{span-class|cleanup-needed-content}}}" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;">{{{content|}}}</span>}}{{#switch:{{{subst|¬}}} |¬={{category handler |template=[[Category:Templates needing substitution checking]] |nocat={{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}} }} |SUBST=[[Category:Pages with incorrectly substituted templates]] }}{{Category handler |main={{Fix/category |cat-date={{{cat-date|}}} |cat={{{cat|}}} |cat-date2={{{cat-date2|}}} |cat2={{{cat2|}}} |cat-date3={{{cat-date3|}}} |cat3={{{cat3|}}} |date={{{date|}}} }} |template={{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}||{{#if:{{{date|}}}||[[Category:Templates including undated clean-up tags]]}}}}}} |subpage=no }}{{#if:{{{special|}}} |{{{special|}}} |<sup class="noprint Inline-Template {{{class|}}}" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>{{#if:{{{pre-text|}}} |{{{pre-text}}}&#32; }}[[{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}|<span title="{{replace|{{{title|{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}}}}|"|&quot;}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|<nowiki/> ({{{date}}})}}">{{{text|}}}</span>]]{{#if:{{{post-text|}}} |&#32;{{{post-text}}} }}</i>&#93;</sup> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 97w2vqjl105xlyzz2gg3klse64yaeqc 10 11645 84731 2022-05-20T02:40:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Fix-span/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION AFTER THIS LINE --> {{high-use| 41252 }} This meta-template for inline cleanup/dispute template has the same purpose and parameters as {{tl|fix}}. with three exceptions: * It takes a <kbd>content</kbd> parameter containing wikitext to be placed within a {{tag|span}} element before the superscripted notice. * It takes a <kbd>span-class</kbd> parameter specifying the [[HTML]] class name for the [[Span element in HTML|{{tag|span|o}} element]]. * It gives <kbd>special</kbd> priority over <kbd>text</kbd> rather than the other way around. The spanned content is displayed <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="background:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;">like this</span>. This is a separate template for now because this is an idea imported from the Italian Wikipedia ([[:it:template:cn|{{lang|la|{{abbr|q.v.|quod vide}}}}]]). Eventually, if this idea takes off, this mechanism could be folded into {{tl|fix}}. ===See also=== * [[Wikipedia:Cleanup process]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Inline cleanup templates| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[Category:Exclude in print]] }}</includeonly> 2sznhvfn8bm5faox16vv93is0l1qkdp 828 11646 84732 2022-05-20T02:40:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Exponential search Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides a generic exponential search algorithm. local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local floor = math.floor local function midPoint(lower, upper) return floor(lower + (upper - lower) / 2) end local function search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) if testFunc(i) then if i + 1 == upper then return i end lower = i if upper then i = midPoint(lower, upper) else i = i * 2 end return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) else upper = i i = midPoint(lower, upper) return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) end end return function (testFunc, init) checkType('Exponential search', 1, testFunc, 'function') checkType('Exponential search', 2, init, 'number', true) if init and (init < 1 or init ~= floor(init) or init == math.huge) then error(string.format( "invalid init value '%s' detected in argument #2 to " .. "'Exponential search' (init value must be a positive integer)", tostring(init) ), 2) end init = init or 2 if not testFunc(1) then return nil end return search(testFunc, init, 1, nil) end ndcjiubm1yvxboo7en7zf00no0kec02 828 11647 84733 2022-05-20T02:40:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Exponential search/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module provides a generic [[exponential search]] algorithm. This kind of search can be useful when you want to find a key in some kind of sorted array, and you want to do it by checking as few array elements as possible. This could include situations like: * Finding the highest archive number in a set of archives without checking whether they all exist. * Finding the number of positional arguments in frame.args without having to expand the wikitext for each of them. You shouldn't use this module if any of the following apply: # You can use the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Length operator|Lua length operator]] to find what you need. # Your array has any gaps in it. (In other words, any of the items before the final item is <code>nil</code>, e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>{'foo', 'bar', nil, 'baz'}</syntaxhighlight>.) If you try and use this module on a sparse array, you might get an erroneous value. # Your array has less then about 10 items in it. It's possible to use this module for those arrays, but you will access most of the array elements anyway (perhaps some of them twice), and your code will be more complicated than if you just used a for loop. == Usage == First, load the module. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') </syntaxhighlight> You can then use the expSearch function with the following syntax: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> expSearch(testFunc, init) </syntaxhighlight> Parameters: * <var>testFunc</var> - a test function for your array. This function should take a positive integer <var>i</var> as its first parameter. If the element corresponding to <var>i</var> is not in the array, then the function should return false or nil; and if it ''is'' in the array, then the function should return a truthy value (anything other than false or nil). (required) * <var>init</var> - the initial value of <var>i</var> to check. For advanced users. (optional) expSearch will return the highest value of <var>i</var> for which testFunc was truthy. If no values were truthy, the function will return nil. == Examples == === Jimbo's talk archives === [[User talk:Jimbo Wales]] has archives at [[User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive 1]], [[User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive 2]], ... To find the highest archive number, you would use code like this: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') local highestArchive = expSearch(function (i) local archive = 'User talk:Jimbo Wales/Archive ' .. i return mw.title.new(archive).exists end) </syntaxhighlight> === Village pump archives === [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)]] has old archives at [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive A]], [[Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive B]], etc. After they go through to Archive Z, the next archive is Archive AA. Although these archives aren't being updated anymore, as a demonstration we can find the highest one using this module; all we need is a function that converts from an integer to the corresponding archive name. <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local expSearch = require('Module:Exponential search') local function integerToAlpha(i) -- This function converts 1 to A, 2 to B, ... 26 to Z, 27 to AA, ... local ret = '' while i > 0 do local rem = i % 26 if rem == 0 then rem = 26 end local char = string.char(rem + 64) -- the "rem"th letter of the alphabet ret = char .. ret i = (i - rem) / 26 end return ret end local function integerToArchive(i) return 'Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive ' .. integerToAlpha(i) end local highestInteger = expSearch(function (i) local archive = integerToArchive(i) return mw.title.new(archive).exists end) local highestArchive = integerToArchive(highestInteger) </syntaxhighlight> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 6jl0b0esqbbaz98m060314ddz897vr1 10 11648 84734 2022-05-20T02:41:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Delink wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:delink|delink}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> nxxwkb2lon9wgne4irg9ctbsle6zwiy 10 11649 84735 2022-05-20T02:41:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Delink/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Delink}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> {{High-use|800,000+|all-pages=yes}} This template removes links from wikitext. It de-links wikilinks and URL links, removes HTML comments, and normalises whitespace. It handles most wikitext correctly, including category links, the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], the [[Help:Pipe trick|pipe trick]] (normal and reverse), nested wikilinks, and invalid link characters. ==Usage== ; Basic &#123;{delink|''text''}} ; All parameters <pre> {{delink | 1 = | wikilinks = no | urls = no | comments = no | whitespace = no | refs = yes }} </pre> ==Parameters== *<code>1</code> - the text to be de-linked. *<code>wikilinks</code> *: - if set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", wikilinks are not de-linked. *: - if set to "target", wikilinks are reduced to the target portion of a wikilink (<code><nowiki>[[</nowiki>&lt;{{var|target}}>|&lt;{{var|label}}>]]</code> → &lt;{{var|target}}>) *<code>urls</code> - if set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", URL links are not de-linked. *<code>comments</code> - if set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", HTML comments are not removed. *<code>whitespace</code> - if set to "no", "n", "false", or "0", whitespace is not normalised. The normalisation makes the whitespace of the resulting text look as if it had been put through the MediaWiki parser. For example, single newlines are converted to a single space, but double newlines are left alone. *<code>refs</code> - (experimental) if set to "yes", "y", "true", or "1", removes references. This is not recommended, as only the ^[1], ^[2], etc. markers will be removed - the references themselves will still appear at the end of the page. There is no known workaround for this problem as of April 2014. ==Examples== {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Output |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|[[Foo]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|[[Foo]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|[[Foo|Bar]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|[[Foo|Bar]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|[[Foo|Bar]]|wikilinks=target}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|[[Foo|Bar]]|wikilinks=target}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|[[Foo]], [[bar]], and [[baz]].}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|[[Foo]], [[bar]], and [[baz]].}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|I visited [https://www.example.com example.com].}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|I visited [https://www.example.com example.com].}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|Foo}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|Foo}} |} ==Non-examples== {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Output |- | <code><nowiki>{{delink|https://www.example.com}}</nowiki></code> | {{delink|https://www.example.com}} |} ==See also== *{{tl|trim brackets}} *{{tl|delink question hyphen-minus}} {{String-handling templates|delink}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:String manipulation templates]] }}</includeonly> 0iwp7hhzozlr9nm9bj6shrj9ciz5uqx 10 11650 84736 2022-05-20T02:42:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Demo inline wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Demo|inline}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hqe22q1vieijy9gk67hvln12qqp82za 10 11651 84737 2022-05-20T02:42:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Demo inline/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Lua|Module:Demo}} == Usage == Used to include examples of template use in documentation pages. Like {{tl|demo}}, this template takes an unnamed argument in <nowiki><nowiki></nowiki> tags, and displays it unprocessed (as code), then as processed wikitext. Unlike {{tl|demo}}, this template presents the processed output on the ''same line'' as the unprocessed input, separated by an arrow. This is useful for compactly demonstrating a series of different behaviors of the same template. ==Example== The code <code><nowiki>{{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{USHRseats|California}}&lt;/nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces the template example: {{demo-inline|<nowiki>{{USHRseats|California}}</nowiki>}} == See also == * {{tl|Nowiki template demo}} which uses [[Module:Template test case]] * {{tl|Automarkup}} which uses [[Module:Automarkup]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] [[Category:Programming typing-aid templates]] [[Category:Template test cases| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:Wikitext processing templates]] }}</includeonly> qqxga1wj4mwp18ep1d4bc3zi4utre4e 10 11652 84738 2022-05-20T02:43:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Demo-inline wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Demo inline]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} b7scpkaws10y44n7ugmnacu9qkhihhw 10 11653 84739 2022-05-20T02:43:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:0 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">{{{1|0}}}</span></includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6u160wkfz95wmyt8kzvtg16qpbeqmqj 10 11654 84740 2022-05-20T02:44:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:0/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}}{{Heavilytranscluded}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ===Usage=== This template inserts an invisible (visibility:hidden and color:transparent) zero (0) character. It is used for padding statistics and other numbers in table columns so that they line up properly. The invisible zero may in fact be replaced by any other string (which regardless, is made invisible), by specifying the string as the first optional parameter. This is useful to ''"visually pad out"'' equivalent length rows in numeric columns in such tables. This is accomplished by inserting extra invisible zeroes, thousands separators, or decimal points prefixing and suffixing the numeric field, (adjusted to pad to the length of the largest numeric value) like in example one. ===Examples=== {| class="wikitable" !Input!!Displays as |- |style="padding:2em"| <code><nowiki>{{0|00,0}}12{{0|.00}} km</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>{{0|00,0}}24.{{0|00}} km</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>{{0|00,}}212.5{{0|0}} km</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>{{0|0}}3,212.51 km</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>{{0|}}16,789.01 km</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>20,111.05 km</nowiki></code><br /> |style="padding:2em"| {{0|00,0}}12{{0|.00}} km<br /> {{0|00,0}}24.{{0|00}} km<br /> {{0|00,}}212.5{{0|0}} km<br /> {{0|0}}3,212.51&nbsp;km<br /> {{0|}}16,789.01&nbsp;km<br /> 20,111.05&nbsp;km<br /> |} '''Note:''' The null template, <code><nowiki>{{0|}}</nowiki></code>, used in the second to last line, produces the same alignment effect as omitting the template entirely. However, the null template can be useful for preserving the alignment within the wikicode. Note also [[OpenType]] fonts feature tnum/pnum [[CSS]] {{em|{{code|font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums|css}}}}, {{code|font-variant-numeric:proportional-nums|css}}, {{Unichar|2007|FIGURE SPACE|ulink=General Punctuation|html=numsp|nlink=figure space}}, {{Unichar|2008|PUNCTUATION SPACE|ulink=General Punctuation|html=puncsp|nlink=whitespace character#PSP}} and {{Unichar|2012|FIGURE DASH|ulink=General Punctuation|html=|nlink=dash#Figure dash}}. This template is smarter than <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Help:Magic_words#Formatting|padleft:]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki> magic word; also [[mw:Help:Magic_words#Formatting|MediaWiki: Help:Magic_words &sect; Formatting]]. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Hidden string", "example": "00,0", "default": "0", "type": "string" } }, "description": "This template inserts an invisible (visibility:hidden and color:transparent) zero (0) character. It is used for padding statistics and other numbers in table columns so that they line up properly.\n\nThe invisible zero may in fact be replaced by any other string (which regardless, is made invisible), by specifying the string as the first optional parameter. This is useful to \"visually pad out\" equivalent length rows in numeric columns in such tables. This is accomplished by inserting extra invisible zeroes, thousands separators, or decimal points prefixing and suffixing the numeric field, (adjusted to pad to the length of the largest numeric value).", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Inline spacing templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 7e50sw96xaz9kk0lanjlohv6xfap496 10 11655 84741 2022-05-20T02:44:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Heavilytranscluded wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:High-use]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} q5nc7smoebh0vh9ee32o8aguagslzos 10 11656 84742 2022-05-20T02:44:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/glyph wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|0|1}}}}{{#if:{{{image|}}} | [[File:{{{image|}}}|frameless|{{{size|}}}|baseline|alt={{{na|}}}]] | {{#switch:{{{gc|<#not a Unicode code point#>}}} | <#not a Unicode code point#> = | Cc =<span style="font-size:small"><control-{{{hval|}}}></span> | Cs =<span style="font-size:small"><surrogate-{{{hval|}}}></span> | Cp =<span style="font-size:small"><private-use-{{{hval|}}}></span> | Cn =<!--Cn=<reserved> is not detected--><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-{{{hval|}}}></span> | Cf | Zl | Zp =<!--formatting chars, no glyph or html code at all--> | Zs =<span class="Unicode" style="background:lightblue;line-height:1em">{{#ifeq:{{{hval|}}}| 0020 |&#xA0;|&#x{{{hval|}}};}}</span><!--change space 0x20 into nbsp=0xA0 to preserve the space from wiki-markup deletion--> | #default=<span style="font-size:{{{size|unexp}}};line-height:1em">{{#switch:{{{use|}}} | ipa ={{IPA|{{{cwith|}}}&#x{{{hval}}};}} | lang ={{lang|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&#x{{{hval}}};}} | script={{script|{{{use2|}}}|{{{cwith|}}}&#x{{{hval}}};}}<!--use2: first char uc here?--> | unicode | #default = {{{cwith|}}}&#x{{{hval|}}}; }}</span>}}{{#ifeq:{{{cwith|}}}|&nbsp;|&nbsp;}}}}{{#if:{{{br|}}}|{{substr|{{#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text={{{br|}}}}}|1|2}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hizz9tezwcyg8zozdpwh9gi6ddup25v 10 11657 84743 2022-05-20T02:45:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/glyph/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === Returns a glyph from Unicode code point hex value.<br> Input Params: 1=hex value (required) 2=font-size 3=use(font hint, e.g. IPA) 4=use2(font hint param=ISO alpha2 or alpha4) Named: dec=decimal value (from hex) to be used in /gc === See also === See main template {{tl|unichar}} for full documentation. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> </includeonly> 5cfhwbqojss99nnx3ngrgrodf09mbp1 10 11658 84744 2022-05-20T02:45:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/name wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{gc|}}} | Cc | Cs | Cp | Cn = <!--no smallcaps name, but straight nlink if given-->{{#ifeq:{{{nlink|}}} | <#salted#> || {{#if: {{{nlink|}}} | [[{{{nlink|}}}]] | {{error|Error using {{tl|unichar}}: Pagename expected in "nlink{{=}}"| tag=span }}}}}} | #default={{#switch:{{{nlink|<#salted#>}}} | <#salted#> =<!--no link--><span style="font-size:85%;">{{uc:{{{na|}}}}}</span> | =<!--wikilink to na-->[[{{{na|}}}{{!}}<span style="font-size:85%;">{{uc:{{{na|}}}}}</span>]] | #default =<!--piped link-->[[{{{nlink|}}}{{!}}<span style="font-size:85%;">{{uc:{{{na|}}}}}</span>]]}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> oud8o9b9btrba3sc7zlpw849rl40nzs 10 11659 84745 2022-05-20T02:45:52Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/name/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} === Usage === Returns the Unicode character Name text, in {{tlf|small}} uppercases, optionally wikilinked.<br> Input: na=name string (named param so whitespace/returns are stripped), link=wikilink article name; should be "<#salted#>" if user did not use "link=" at all (meaning: do not link the name).<br> === See also === See main template {{tl|unichar}} for full documentation. <includeonly> </includeonly> hb796uz07yjuy07btcmx6vapok3f1tx 10 11660 84746 2022-05-20T02:46:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/notes wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{char_entity|}}}{{{note|}}} |({{trim|1=<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{char_entity|}}}|||{{mono|1={{{char_entity|}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{note|}}}|{{int:dot-separator}}}}}} <!-- -->{{{note|}}}<!-- -->}})}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> cgp0i4ncuq0jw6e4v4vqks7rqc1ziud 10 11661 84747 2022-05-20T02:46:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/notes/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|html=yes}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|html=}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|html= |note=Some note}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|html=}} :{{unichar|00A9|COPYRIGHT SIGN|note=Some note}} ;62 :{{unichar|0062|LATIN small LETTER B}} :{{unichar|0062|LATIN small LETTER B|html=}} :{{unichar|0062|LATIN small LETTER B|html= |note=Some note}} :{{unichar|0062|LATIN small LETTER B|html=}} :{{unichar|0062|LATIN small LETTER B|note=Some note}} *{{tl|Unichar}} *{{tl|Unichar/main}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> m23vx3msyl9n6ua6dib9yo9x91k038m 10 11662 84748 2022-05-20T02:47:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/gc wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}<=65535<!-- in plane 0 BMP -->|{{#ifexpr: (00<={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}<=31) or (127<={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}<=159)<!-- -->| Cc <!--00..1F 7F..9F -->| {{#ifexpr: (55296<={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}<=57343)<!-- -->| Cs <!--D800..DFFF high&low Surrogates -->| {{#ifexpr: ((57344<={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}<=63743))<!-- -->| Cp <!--E000..F8FF Private Use -->| {{#ifexpr: (64976<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=65007) or {{{1}}}=65534 or {{{1}}}=65535<!-- -->| Cn <!--FDD0..FDEF FFFE FFFF; Not-a-character -->| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=173) or ({{{1}}}=1807) or ({{{1}}}=6068) or ({{{1}}}=6069) or (8203<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=8207) or (8234<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=8238) or (8288<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=8292) or (8298<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=8303) or ({{{1}}}=65279) or (65529<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=65531)<!-- -->| Cf <!--00AD 070F 17B4 17B5 200B..200F 202A..202E 2060..2064 206A..206F FEFF FFF9..FFFB -->| {{#ifexpr: (1536<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=1539) or ({{{1}}}=1757)<!-- -->| Cf (visible)<!--0600..0603 06DD See documentation: five visible Cf characters -->| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=32 or {{{1}}}=160 or {{{1}}}=5760 or {{{1}}}=6158 or {{{1}}}=8239 or {{{1}}}=8287 or {{{1}}}=8288 or {{{1}}}=12288 or (8192<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=8205)<!-- -->| Zs <!--20 A0 1680 180E 202? 205F 2060 2000..200D 3000 Space -->| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8232<!-- -->| Zl <!--2028 LSEP -->| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}=8233<!-- -->| Zp <!--2029 PSEP -->| <!--(final param position in BMP: no gc determined) -->}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->|<!--in planes 1-16, not 0 -->{{#switch: {{#invoke:ustring|sub|{{{hval|}}}|-4}}<!-- -->| FFFE | FFFF = Cn <!--hhFFFE hhFFFF Not-a-character -->| {{#ifexpr: ((983040<={{{1}}}) and ({{{1}}}<=1114111))<!-- -->| Cp <!--Private use, planes 15-16 (minus Cn, checked earlier) -->| {{#ifexpr: {{{1}}}>=1114112 | <#not a Unicode code point#><!--greater th 0x110000 -->| {{#ifexpr: ({{{1}}}=69821) or (119155<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=119162) or ({{{1}}}=917505) or (917536<={{{1}}} and {{{1}}}<=917631)<!-- -->| Cf <!--110BD 1D173..1D17A E0001 E0020..E0096 (planes 1 and E = 1 and 14): -->| <!--all other cp in planes 1-16, other gc not determined -->}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->|<#not a Unicode code point#> <!--Input is blank or undefined -->}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> a4ss0tobzphw99quawpckax2j5z1zpf 10 11663 84749 2022-05-20T02:47:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/gc/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === Returns Unicode '''General Category (gc)''' <code>Cc Cf Cn Cs Zl Zp Zs &lt;blank></code> for special code points (like <control>, space characters, formatting characters). When regular gc like Letter, Symbol, Mark, or Punctuation, it returns a blank.<br> ===Parameters=== This is a subtemplate, so parameters may has tight requirements. Input: (unnamed) <syntaxhighlight lang=html> {{Unichar/gc |1= <!--decimal value of the code point--> }} </syntaxhighlight> The code point value is required as a decimal value, because we are using the <code>#ifexpr:</code> numerical calculations.<br> For five Arabic number markings U+0600..U+0603 and U+60DD, it returns <code>Cf (visible)</code>. While Cf formatting characters usually have no glyph, these five have. By adding the "(visible)" text, these characters are shown (while regular Cf characters are hidden). === See also === See main template {{tl|unichar}} for full documentation. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> </includeonly> l06fnvyeb4udjjuovp31rp99s8xnill 10 11664 84750 2022-05-20T02:47:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Unichar/ulink wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{ulink|<#salted#>}}} | <#salted#>=U+ | =[[{{{ulinkdefault|}}}|U+]] | #default=[[{{{ulink|}}}{{!}}U+]]}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fl2vvtcck5hazu6b8ufl7wfzqz88bcr 10 11665 84751 2022-05-20T02:48:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:About-distinguish2 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|<!-- -->This {{namespace detect|main=article|category=category|other=page}} is about {{{1}}}. Not to be confused with {{{2}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}} |<!--then: -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} |<!--then:-->, {{{3}}}<!-- -->|<!--else:-->&nbsp;or {{{3}}}.}}<!-- -->|<!--else:-->.<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}} |<!--then: -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} |<!--then:-->, {{{4}}}<!-- -->|<!--else:-->, or {{{4}}}.}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}} |<!--then:-->, or {{{5}}}.}}<!-- -->|selfref={{{selfref|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1i2rqz9c7dtakl6fsy2plxw7yxanc9q 10 11666 84752 2022-05-20T02:49:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:About-distinguish2/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{tlx|About-distinguish}} is a template for noting other uses when there could be confusion with another topic. * {{tlx|About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} → {{About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} * {{tlx|About-distinguish-text|USE|TEXT}} → {{About-distinguish2|USE|TEXT}} * {{tlx|About-distinguish-text|USE|TEXT1|TEXT2|TEXT3}} (can list up to five items) → {{About-distinguish2|USE|TEXT1|TEXT2|TEXT3}} {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Hatnote templates]] }}</includeonly> k3s2uzbiolwwk02rfwhxpyq2od6ufwh 10 11667 84753 2022-05-20T02:49:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:About-distinguish wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:About-distinguish|aboutDistinguish}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> k65273tmfzhk8f16e8ikl4q1bao0ktj 10 11668 84754 2022-05-20T02:49:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:About-distinguish/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:About-distinguish}} {{Uses Wikidata|P21|P31}} ==="''This page is about … It is not to be confused with …''"=== {{tlx|About-distinguish}} is a template for noting other uses when there could be confusion with another topic. * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1|PAGE2}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1|PAGE2}} * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>DISPLAY-TEXT|PAGE2#SECTION|PAGE3}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1{{!}}DISPLAY-TEXT|PAGE2#SECTION|PAGE3}} For cases requiring custom text, use {{tl|about-distinguish2}} instead: * {{tlx|about-distinguish-text|USE1|TEXT}} → {{about-distinguish2|USE1|TEXT}} If the page's Wikidata item has the property of being an instance of "human", then the template will try to replace "It" in "It is not to be confused with" with a more appropriate pronoun, based on the value of the "sex or gender" property of the item. {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Hatnote templates]] }}</includeonly> 8e26erzfbhecyslev84xnuwsq4tj9mz 828 11669 84755 2022-05-20T02:50:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:About-distinguish Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} function p.aboutDistinguish (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return p._aboutDistinguish(args) end function p._aboutDistinguish(args, options) -- Type checks and defaults checkType('_aboutDistinguish', 1, args, 'table') if not args[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no about topic supplied', 'Template:About-distinguish', args.category ) end if not args[2] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no page to be distinguished supplied', 'Template:About-distinguish', args.category ) end checkType('_aboutDistinguish', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local defaultOptions = { defaultPageType = 'page', namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace, pageTypesByNamespace = { [0] = 'article', [14] = 'category' }, sectionString = 'section' } for k, v in pairs(defaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Set pieces of initial "about" string local pageType = (args.section and options.sectionString) or options.pageTypesByNamespace[options.namespace] or options.defaultPageType args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local about = table.remove(args, 1) --Get pronoun from Wikidata. Really basic, but it should work. local pronouns = { ['female'] = 'She is', ['transgender female'] = "She is", ['male'] = 'He is', ['transgender male'] = 'He is', ['default'] = 'They are' } local wde = mw.wikibase.getEntity() local p31 = (wde and wde:formatPropertyValues('P31').value) == 'human' local p21 = wde and wde:formatPropertyValues('P21').value local pronoun = p31 and (pronouns[p21] or pronouns['default']) or 'It is' --Assemble everything together and return local text = string.format( 'This %s is about %s. %s not to be confused with %s.', pageType, about, pronoun, mHatlist.orList(args, true) ) return mHatnote._hatnote(text) end return p o2wbhp9l4i55ix11x6ny9nakh7ebu3b 828 11670 84756 2022-05-20T02:50:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:About-distinguish/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Uses Wikidata|P21|P31}} Implements {{tl|about-distinguish}}. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules]] }}</includeonly> 51khw9mbw9qup8w83x04yehgy2wwhkg 10 11671 84763 84761 2022-05-20T02:54:48Z BevoLJ 10818 mark for removal wikitext text/x-wiki ... cxfmna2yexenai48cxqml72x4i4ee6e 828 11673 84760 2022-05-20T02:52:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Uses Wikidata/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Merge from|Module:Tracks and uses Wikidata{{#if:{{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}||2}}|/{{#titleparts:{{FULLPAGENAME}}||2}}}}}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This module is used by {{tlx|Uses Wikidata}}, {{tlx|Tracks Wikidata}}, {{tlx|Tracks and uses Wikidata}} and {{tlx|Wikidata property}}. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}}</code> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> j5hurgsreut2f6flar6c7l4uy5ma1sk 828 11674 84764 84762 2022-05-20T02:55:35Z BevoLJ 10818 unlink wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 828 11675 84765 2022-05-20T02:56:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Uses Wikidata Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.usesProperty(frame) local args = frame.getParent(frame).args or nil if mw.text.trim(args[1] or '') == '' then args = frame.args end local result = '<ul>' local ii = 1 while true do local p_num = mw.text.trim(args[ii] or '') if p_num ~= '' then local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p_num) or "NO LABEL" result = result .. "<li>[[File:Disc Plain blue dark.svg|middle|4px|link=|alt=]] <b><i>[[d:Property talk:" .. p_num .. "|" .. label .. " (" .. string.upper(p_num) .. ")]]</i></b> (see <span class='plainlinks'>[https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikiData_item_%20%3FWikiData_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_WikiPedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikiData_item_%20wdt%3A" .. p_num .. "%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20" .. p_num .. "%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20WikiData%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_WikiPedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikiData_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20WikiPedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000 uses]</span>)</li>" ii = ii + 1 else break end end result = result.."</ul>" return result end function p.tuProperty(frame) local parent = frame.getParent(frame) local result = '<ul>' local ii = 1 while true do local p_num = mw.text.trim(parent.args[ii] or '') if p_num ~= '' then local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(p_num) or "NO LABEL" result = result .. "<li><span style='font-size:90%;line-height:1;'>●</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>[[d:Property:" .. p_num .. "|" .. label .. "]]</b> <span style='font-size:90%;'>([[d:Property talk:" .. string.upper(p_num) .. "|" .. p_num .. "]])</span></li>" ii = ii + 1 else break end end result = result.."</ul>" return result end return p 3u24flh8tzrdadioc197wdrb0hzwplj 10 11676 84766 2022-05-20T02:58:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cite report wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=report }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fs19owa9dz9vn4e3ic0cogi85vev72c 10 11677 84767 2022-05-20T02:58:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cite report/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{csdoc|lua}} {{csdoc|cs1}} {{hatnote|For ''technical'' reports, use instead {{tl|Cite techreport}}.}} {{csdoc|lead|reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc}} Examples include: government printed reports which lack ISSN or ISBN numbers, and reports from major semi-governmental instrumentalities that are freely circulating and available for verification, but which lack a formal ISBN/ISSN publication process. === Usage === {{csdoc|usage}} {{csdoc|usage common}} :<code><nowiki>{{cite report |author= |author-link= |authors= |date= |title= |url= |publisher= |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote=}}</nowiki></code> {{end}} {{csdoc|usage vertical}} <pre style="margin:0; border:none;"> {{cite report | author = <!-- or |last= and |first= --> | author-link = | authors = | date = <!-- or |year= --> | title = | url = | publisher = | format = | others = | edition = | location = | chapter = | section = | page = | pages = | docket = | access-date = | quote = }} </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0; border:none;"> </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0; border:none;"> </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical end}} ===Example=== {{markup2 |m=<nowiki>{{cite report |title=Rhode Island Roads |publisher=Rhode Island Department of Public Works |date=1956}}</nowiki> |r={{cite report |title=Rhode Island Roads |publisher=Rhode Island Department of Public Works |date=1956}} }} ==Parameters== ===Syntax=== {{csdoc|syntax}} {{csdoc|sep_period}} ===COinS=== {{csdoc|coins}} ===Deprecated=== {{csdoc|deprecated}} ===Description=== ====Authors==== {{csdoc|author|others=yes}} ====Date==== {{csdoc|date}} ====Editors==== {{csdoc|editor}} ====Title==== {{csdoc|title}} {{csdoc|type}} {{csdoc|language}} ====URL==== {{csdoc|url}} ====Periodical==== {{csdoc|journal|department=yes}} ====Publisher==== {{csdoc|publisher}} ====Edition, series, volume==== {{csdoc|edition}} {{csdoc|series}} {{csdoc|volume}} ====In-source locations==== {{csdoc|pages|work=y}} ====Identifiers==== {{csdoc|id1}} * '''docket''': Docket number. {{csdoc|id2}} ====Subscription or registration required==== {{csdoc|registration}} ====Lay summary==== {{anchor|Laysummary}}{{csdoc|lay}} ====Quote==== {{csdoc|quote}} ====Anchor==== {{csdoc|ref}} ====Display options==== {{csdoc|display}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|template_data_validate|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.", "params": { "url": { "label": "URL", "description": "The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found", "type": "line", "suggested": true, "aliases": [ "URL" ] }, "title": { "label": "Title", "description": "The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes.", "type": "content", "required": true }, "last": { "label": "Last name", "description": "The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "aliases": [ "author", "author1", "authors", "last1" ], "suggested": true, "type": "line" }, "first": { "label": "First name", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "aliases": [ "first1" ], "suggested": true, "type": "line" }, "last2": { "label": "Last name 2", "description": "The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'.", "aliases": [ "author2" ], "type": "line" }, "first2": { "label": "First name 2", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "date": { "label": "Source date", "description": "Full date of the source; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "required": true }, "publisher": { "label": "Publisher", "description": "Name of the publisher; displays after title", "type": "content" }, "issue": { "label": "Issue", "description": "Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "doi": { "label": "DOI", "description": "Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "doi-broken-date": { "label": "DOI broken date", "description": "The date that the DOI was determined to be broken", "type": "date" }, "location": { "label": "Location of publication", "description": "Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked.", "type": "string" }, "publication-date": { "label": "Publication date", "description": "Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink", "type": "date" }, "edition": { "label": "Edition", "description": "When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'", "type": "line" }, "volume": { "label": "Volume", "description": "For one publication published in several volumes", "type": "line", "suggested": true }, "page": { "label": "Page", "description": "Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'", "type": "line" }, "pages": { "label": "Pages", "description": "Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'", "type": "line" }, "language": { "label": "Language", "description": "The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates", "type": "content" }, "arxiv": { "label": "arXiv identifier", "description": "An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers", "type": "line" }, "asin": { "label": "ASIN", "description": "Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters", "type": "line" }, "asin-tld": { "label": "ASIN TLD", "description": "ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US", "type": "line" }, "bibcode": { "label": "Bibcode", "description": "Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters", "type": "line" }, "biorxiv": { "label": "biorXiv", "description": "biorXiv identifier; 6 digits", "type": "line" }, "citeseerx": { "label": "CiteSeerX", "description": "CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter", "type": "line" }, "isbn": { "label": "ISBN", "description": "International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible", "type": "line" }, "issn": { "label": "ISSN", "description": "International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen", "type": "line" }, "jfm": { "label": "jfm code", "description": "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code", "type": "line" }, "jstor": { "label": "JSTOR", "description": "JSTOR identifier", "type": "line" }, "lccn": { "label": "LCCN", "description": "Library of Congress Control Number", "type": "line" }, "mr": { "label": "MR", "description": "Mathematical Reviews identifier", "type": "line" }, "oclc": { "label": "OCLC", "description": "Online Computer Library Center number", "type": "number" }, "ol": { "label": "OL", "description": "Open Library identifier", "type": "line" }, "osti": { "label": "OSTI", "description": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier", "type": "line" }, "pmc": { "label": "PMC", "description": "PubMed Center article number", "type": "number" }, "pmid": { "label": "PMID", "description": "PubMed Unique Identifier", "suggested": true, "type": "line" }, "id": { "label": "id", "description": "A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable", "type": "line" }, "docket": { "label": "docket", "description": "Docket number", "type": "line" }, "quote": { "label": "Quote", "description": "Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation", "type": "content" }, "last3": { "label": "Last name 3", "description": "The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'.", "aliases": [ "author3" ], "type": "line" }, "first3": { "label": "First name 3", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last4": { "label": "Last name 4", "description": "The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'.", "aliases": [ "author4" ], "type": "line" }, "first4": { "label": "First name 4", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last5": { "label": "Last name 5", "description": "The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'.", "aliases": [ "author5" ], "type": "line" }, "first5": { "label": "First name 5", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last6": { "label": "Last name 6", "description": "The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'.", "aliases": [ "author6" ], "type": "line" }, "first6": { "label": "First name 6", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last7": { "label": "Last name 7", "description": "The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'.", "aliases": [ "author7" ], "type": "line" }, "first7": { "label": "First name 7", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last8": { "label": "Last name 8", "description": "The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'.", "aliases": [ "author8" ], "type": "line" }, "first8": { "label": "First name 8", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "last9": { "label": "Last name 9", "description": "The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.", "aliases": [ "author9" ], "type": "line" }, "first9": { "label": "First name 9", "description": "Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.", "type": "line" }, "author-link": { "label": "Author link", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author-link1", "author1-link" ] }, "author-link2": { "label": "Author link 2", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author2-link" ] }, "access-date": { "label": "URL access date", "description": "The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink", "type": "date", "suggested": true }, "archive-url": { "label": "Archive URL", "description": "The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'", "type": "line" }, "author-link3": { "label": "Author link 3", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author3-link" ] }, "author-link4": { "label": "Author link 4", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author4-link" ] }, "author-link5": { "label": "Author link 5", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author5-link" ] }, "author-link6": { "label": "Author link 6", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author6-link" ] }, "author-link7": { "label": "Author link 7", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author7-link" ] }, "author-link8": { "label": "Author link 8", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author8-link" ] }, "author-link9": { "label": "Author link 9", "description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "aliases": [ "author9-link" ] }, "format": { "label": "Format", "description": "Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML", "type": "content" }, "url-access": { "label": "URL access level", "description": "Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')", "type": "string" }, "bibcode-access": { "label": "Bibcode access level", "description": "If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "doi-access": { "label": "DOI access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "hdl-access": { "label": "HDL access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "jstor-access": { "label": "Jstor access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "ol-access": { "label": "OpenLibrary access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "osti-access": { "label": "OSTI access level", "description": "If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.", "type": "string" }, "archive-date": { "label": "Archive date", "description": "Date the url in the field 'archive-url' was archived.", "example": "2018-01-24", "type": "date" }, "url-status": { "label": "URL status", "description": "If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to \"dead\" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.", "example": "'dead' or 'live'", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "dead", "live", "usurped", "unfit", "deviated" ], "default": "'dead' if an Archive URL is entered", "suggested": true } }, "maps": { "citoid": { "title": "title", "url": "url", "institution": "publisher", "publisher": "publisher", "date": "date", "place": "location", "PMCID": "pmc", "PMID": "pmid", "pages": "pages", "number": "issue", "reportNumber": "issue", "DOI": "doi", "language": "language", "author": [ [ "first", "last" ], [ "first2", "last2" ], [ "first3", "last3" ], [ "first4", "last4" ], [ "first5", "last5" ], [ "first6", "last6" ], [ "first7", "last7" ], [ "first8", "last8" ], [ "first9", "last9" ] ] } }, "format": "{{_ |_=_}}", "paramOrder": [ "url", "title", "last", "first", "last2", "first2", "date", "publisher", "issue", "doi", "doi-broken-date", "location", "publication-date", "edition", "volume", "page", "pages", "language", "arxiv", "asin", "asin-tld", "bibcode", "biorxiv", "citeseerx", "isbn", "issn", "jfm", "jstor", "lccn", "mr", "oclc", "ol", "osti", "pmc", "pmid", "id", "docket", "quote", "last3", "first3", "last4", "first4", "last5", "first5", "last6", "first6", "last7", "first7", "last8", "first8", "last9", "first9", "author-link", "author-link2", "access-date", "archive-url", "archive-date", "author-link3", "author-link4", "author-link5", "author-link6", "author-link7", "author-link8", "author-link9", "format", "url-status", "url-access", "bibcode-access", "doi-access", "hdl-access", "jstor-access", "ol-access", "osti-access" ] } </templatedata> {{Citation Style 1}} {{Wikipedia referencing}} {{UF-COinS}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Citation Style 1 templates|R]] }}</includeonly> 35ms9v0otfp1hlf9yqgrxh7qihdvcge 10 11678 84768 2022-05-20T02:59:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation Style 1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Citation Style 1 | title = [[Help:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] | below = [[Help talk:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1 noticeboard]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | selected = {{{1|}}} | group1 = General <br />templates | list1 = ; {{tl|Cite book}} : books ; {{tl|Cite conference}} : conference papers ; {{tl|Cite encyclopedia}} : edited collections ; {{tl|Cite interview}} : interviews ; {{tl|Cite journal}} : academic journals ; {{tl|Cite magazine}} : magazines ; {{tl|Cite mailing list}} : public mailing lists ; {{tl|Cite map}} : maps ; {{tl|Cite news}} : news articles ; {{tl|Cite newsgroup}} : online newsgroups ; {{tl|Cite press release}} : press releases ; {{tl|Cite report}} : unpublished reports ; {{tl|Cite sign}} : signs, plaques ; {{tl|Cite speech}} : speeches ; {{tl|Cite techreport}} : technical reports ; {{tl|Cite thesis}} : theses ; {{tl|Cite web}} : web sources | group2 = Preprint templates | list2 = * {{tl|Cite arXiv}} * {{tl|Cite bioRxiv}} * {{tl|Cite CiteSeerX}} * {{tl|Cite ssrn}} | group3 = Audiovisual-related | list3 = * {{tl|Cite AV media}} * {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} * {{tl|Cite episode}} * {{tl|Cite podcast}} * {{tl|Cite serial}} | group4 = Categories | list4 = * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 templates|Citation Style 1 templates]] * [[:Category:Citation Style 1 specific-source templates|Citation Style 1 specific-source templates]] | group5 = Documentation | list5 = * {{tl|Citation Style documentation}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8w1r8khtvjyac2kmk4gmvezup7nlddb 10 11679 84769 2022-05-20T02:59:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation Style 1/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} This template is a navigation box for templates in the {{cs1}} series. ===See also=== *{{tl|Citation Style documentation/cs1}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia citation administration]] }}</includeonly> 28wly1myhrth8f7qt6q2ze2dltkishc 10 11680 84770 2022-05-20T03:15:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:La wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{noanchor|no}}}|yes|<!--nothing-->|<span id="{{anchorencode:{{{1}}}}}"></span>}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion lx">[[:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Article}}}}}]] ([{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit]&nbsp;&#124; [[Talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=history}} history]<span class="sysop-show">&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=protect}} protect]&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=delete}} delete]</span>&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}|limit=999}} links]&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:{{{1}}}|action=watch}} watch]&nbsp;&#124; [{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}}}} logs]&nbsp;&#124; [//tools.wmflabs.org/pageviews?pages={{urlencode:{{{1}}}|WIKI}}&project=en.wikipedia.org views])</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> c3vku691ekfkgb6yveuti2cdwzn123b 10 11681 84771 2022-05-20T03:16:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:La/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{transclusionless}} {{#switch: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Template:La = {{High-use}} | Template:Lc = {{for|lowercase formatting|Help:Magic words#Parser functions}} | Template:Pagelinks = {{High-use}}{{tsh|pl}}{{lua|Module:PageLinks}} }} == About == This template and the other related templates listed below produce a series of links for a specified page that is generally, though not always, of the form: : {{color|#002BB8|Page}}&nbsp;({{color|#002BB8|edit}} | {{color|#002BB8|talk}} | {{color|#002BB8|history}} | {{color|#002BB8|links}} | {{color|#002BB8|watch}} | {{color|#002BB8|logs}}) The six links are: : <code>edit</code> – [[Help:Editing|edit]] the page; : <code>talk</code>/<code>subject</code> – access its [[Help:Using talk pages|talk page]] (or if the target page is a talk page, its subject page); : <code>history</code> – access its [[Help:Edit history|edit history]]; : <code>links</code> – access the [[Help:What links here|what links here]] feature; : <code>watch</code> – add the page to one's [[Help:Watching pages|watchlist]]; and : <code>log</code> – access its [[Help:Log|logs]]. The major difference between the templates is the [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] of the page to which it is applied. *General: ** {{pagelinks|Template:Pagelinks}} creates links for any page in any namespace. ** {{lt|Ln}} creates links for pages in any subject namespace. ** {{lt|Lnt}} creates links for pages in any talk namespace. == Usage == {| class="wikitable" !Namespace!! Link to subject page !! Link to talk page |- | rowspan=2 | General||{{tlp|pagelinks|FULL PAGE NAME}}<br/>||Same as for subject page |- |{{tlp|ln|<nowiki>NAMESPACE|PAGE NAME</nowiki>}}||{{tlp|lnt|<nowiki>NAMESPACE|PAGE NAME</nowiki>}} |- |Article||{{tlp|la|ARTICLE}}||{{tlp|lat|ARTICLE}} |- |Draft||{{tlp|ld|DRAFT}}||{{tlp|ldt|DRAFT}} |- |Template||{{tlp|lt|TEMPLATE}}||{{tlp|ltt|TEMPLATE}} |- |Wikipedia||{{tlp|lw|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lwt|PAGE}} |- |Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/||{{tlp|lafd|PAGE}}||&mdash; |- |User||{{tlp|lu|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lut|PAGE}}<ref>For a similar template for user accounts, see [[Template:user]]</ref> |- |Category||{{tlp|lc|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lct|PAGE}} |- |File||{{tlp|lf|FILE}}||{{tlp|lft|FILE}} |- |Portal||{{tlp|lp|PORTAL}}||{{tlp|lpt|PORTAL}} |- |MediaWiki||{{tlp|lm|MESSAGE}}||{{tlp|lmt|MESSAGE}} |- |Help||{{tlp|lh|PAGE}}||{{tlp|lht|PAGE}} |- |TimedText||{{tlp|lttxt|TIMEDTEXT}}||{{tlp|lttxtt|TIMEDTEXT}} |- |Module||{{tlp|lmd|MODULE}}||{{tlp|lmdt|MODULE}} |} {{clear}} {{reflist}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" ! Code ! Result |- style="vertical-align:top;" | {{tlp|pagelinks|Category:Stubs}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />pagelinks|Category:Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|pagelinks|Category talk:Stubs}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />pagelinks|Category talk:Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|ln|<nowiki>Category|Stubs</nowiki>}} || {{safesubst:<noinclude />ln|Category|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lnt|<nowiki>Category|Stubs</nowiki>}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lnt|Category|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|la|Article}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />la|Article}} |- | {{tlp|lat|Article}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lat|Article}} |- | {{tlp|ld|Draft}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ld|Draft}} |- | {{tlp|ldt|Draft}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ldt|Draft}} |- | {{tlp|lt|Deprecated template}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lt|Deprecated template}} |- | {{tlp|ltt|Deprecated template}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />ltt|Deprecated template}} |- | {{tlp|lu|Example}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lu|Example}} |- | {{tlp|lut|Example}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lut|Example}} |- | {{tlp|lw|About}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lw|About}} |- | {{tlp|lwt|About}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lwt|About}} |- | {{tlp|lc|Stubs}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lc|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lct|Stubs}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lct|Stubs}} |- | {{tlp|lf|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lf|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}} |- | {{tlp|lft|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lft|1944 NormandyLST.jpg}} |- | {{tlp|lp|Television}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lp|Television}} |- | {{tlp|lpt|Television}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lpt|Television}} |- | {{tlp|lm|Common.css}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lm|Common.css}} |- | {{tlp|lmt|Common.css}}||{{safesubst:<noinclude />lmt|Common.css}} |} <code><nowiki>{{subst:ln|Category|Stubs}}</nowiki></code> results (or resulted) in this code: <code><nowiki>{{lx|1=:{{ucfirst:Category}}:|2={{ucfirst:Stubs}}|3=:Category talk|4=talk}}</nowiki></code> Note the important colon in <code>1=:</code>, unnecessary (?) for other Lx namespaces.<br /> Substituting both Lx and Ucfirst finally arrived at (line breaks added manually): {{#tag:pre| <span class="plainlinksneverexpand">[[:Category:Stubs]] <tt>(</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=edit}} edit]<tt>&#124;</tt> [[:Category talk:Stubs|talk]]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/:Category:Stubs|limit=999}} links]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=history}} history]<tt>&#124;</tt> [{{fullurl::Category:Stubs|action=watch}} watch]<tt>)</tt></span>|style=overflow: auto}} == See also == *{{Lts|lag}} same as {{tl|la}} with a link to the google search *{{Lts|la-abbr}} abbreviated form of La: shows letters instead of words *{{Lts|al}} provides edit/history links for both article and talk page *{{Lts|userlinks}} provides additional links to user's contributions history etc. *{{Lts|Lcs}} comparison categories *{{Lts|Lps}} comparison Wikipedia *{{Lts|Lts}} comparison templates *{{Lts|Ti}} *{{Lts|Tlsp}} *{{Lts|Tlx}} comparison parameters *{{Lcs|Internal link templates}} *{{Lts|Rfplinks}} {{Internal category-link templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Pagelinks templates]] }}</includeonly> 5sb8dwovv9wlpzyvyzt38c8vmgwv4jd 10 11682 84772 2022-05-20T03:18:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Redirect-distinguish wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Redirect-distinguish|redirectDistinguish}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> mhok9n15gafd5dkfe96bfrsgmdhyf9u 10 11683 84773 2022-05-20T03:19:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Redirect-distinguish/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Lua|Module:Redirect-distinguish}} This [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] is generally used when an article's title has an ambiguity that is not necessarily literal, but one that would likely happen with enough readers to warrant a hatnote. Be careful to [[WP:TRHAT|avoid trivial uses]]. * {{tlx|Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}} &rarr; {{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} &rarr; {{Redirect-distinguish|REDIRECT|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Redirecting page", "description": "Name of page that redirects here", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Use 1", "description": "1st other use", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "Use 2", "description": "2nd other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "4": { "label": "Use 3", "description": "3rd other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "5": { "label": "Use 4", "description": "4th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "6": { "label": "Use 5", "description": "5th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "7": { "label": "Use 6", "description": "6th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "8": { "label": "Use 7", "description": "7th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "9": { "label": "Use 8", "description": "8th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "10": { "label": "Use 9", "description": "9th other use", "type": "wiki-page-name" } }, "description": "Indicates that a page is not to be confused with other pages. This template supports unlimited arguments.", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]] [[Category:Hatnote templates]] [[cy:Nodyn:Redirect-distinguish]] }}</includeonly> fh3zfrp8vjrzxwto1xw58540z3ryuqu 828 11684 84774 2022-05-20T03:19:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect-distinguish Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local p = {} function p.redirectDistinguish (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return p._redirectDistinguish(args) end function p._redirectDistinguish(args) if not args[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no redirect supplied', 'Template:Redirect-distinguish', args.category ) end local redirectTitle = mw.title.new(args[1]) local currentTitle = currentTitle or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if string.match(args[1], 'REDIRECT%d+') or args[1] == 'TERM' or currentTitle.namespace ~= 0 then --do nothing elseif not redirectTitle or not redirectTitle.exists then args[1] = args[1] .. '[[Category:Missing redirects]]' elseif not redirectTitle.isRedirect then if string.find(redirectTitle:getContent(), '#invoke:RfD') then args[1] = args[1] .. '[[Category:Articles with redirect hatnotes impacted by RfD]]' else args[1] = args[1] .. '[[Category:Articles with redirect hatnotes needing review]]' end end if not args[2] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'no page to be distinguished supplied', 'Template:Redirect-distinguish', args.category ) end args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) --Assignment by removal here makes for convenient concatenation later local redirect = table.remove(args, 1) local text = string.format( '"%s" redirects here. Not to be confused with %s.', redirect, mHatlist.orList(args, true) ) return mHatnote._hatnote(text) end return p 8uzqxe3r7qbd202dopwtlvk5fi0agsx 828 11685 84775 2022-05-20T03:19:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Redirect-distinguish/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> Implements {{tl|redirect-distinguish}}. == See also == * [[Module:Redirect hatnote]] <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Hatnote modules]] }}</includeonly> mqawmohwdqo79x0zel7cvxshtr6k3pl 10 11686 84777 2022-05-20T03:33:56Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Protection templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | state = {{{state|{{{1|<includeonly>collapsed</includeonly>}}}}}} | title = {{c|Protection templates}} | image<!--left--> = <!--[[File:Padlock.svg|40px|link=|alt=]]--> | tracking = no <!-- keep all the documented templates out of the hlist tracking category --> | inner-style = table-format:fixed; | list1 = <div style="overflow:auto">{{Aligned table |cols=5 |style=table-format:fixed;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 auto<!-- 0.2em-->; |colstyle=vertical-align:middle;padding-left:1.0em;<!--font-family:monospace;-->padding-right:1.0em; |col1style=background:#ddf;font-family:sans-serif; <!--row#--> |row1header=on |row1style=background:none;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #bbf; |style1.1=background:none;border-bottom:1px solid #bbf; <!-- 1 --> | | {{sans-serif|Edit}} | {{sans-serif|Move}} | {{sans-serif|[[Wikipedia:Pending changes|Pending changes]]}} | {{sans-serif|Upload}} <!-- 2 --> | Generic | {{tl|pp}} {{tl|pp-protected}} | {{tlf|pp}} {{tl|pp-move}} | {{tlf|pp}} {{tl|pp-pc}} | {{tlf|pp}} {{tl|pp-upload}} |row2style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 3 --> | [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|BLP]] | {{tl|pp-blp}} | – | – | – <!-- 4 --> | Dispute | {{tl|pp-dispute}} | {{tl|pp-move-dispute}} | – | – |row4style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 5 --> | [[Wikipedia:Protection_policy#Extended_confirmed_protection|Extended confirmed protection]] | {{tl|pp-extended}} | {{tl|pp-extended}} | – | – <!-- 6 --> | [[Main Page]] Image | {{tl|pp-main-page}} | – | – | – |row6style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 7 --> | [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Office]] | {{tl|pp-office}}&nbsp;{{tl|pp-reset}} {{tl|pp-office-dmca}} | {{tlf|pp-office}}&nbsp;{{tlf|pp-reset}} {{tlf|pp-office-dmca}} | {{tlf|pp-office}}&nbsp;{{tlf|pp-reset}} {{tlf|pp-office-dmca}} | – <!-- 8 --> | Sockpuppetry | {{tl|pp-sock}} | – | – | – |row8style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 9 --> | High-visibility | {{tl|pp-template}} | – | – | – <!-- 10 --> | Blocked user's talk | {{tl|pp-usertalk}} | – | – | – |row10style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 11 --> | Vandalism | {{tl|pp-vandalism}} | {{tl|pp-move-vandalism}} | – | – <!-- 12 --> | Talk page | {{tl|permanently protected}} {{tl|temporarily protected}} | – | – | – |row12style=background:whitesmoke; <!-- 13 --> | Long-term | {{tl|pp-semi-indef}} | {{tl|pp-move-indef}} | – | – }}</div> | below = [[Module:Protection banner]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation | content = {{Collapsible option |statename=optional |default=collapsed}} [[Category:Wikipedia administration templates]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}<!--(end Documentation)--> </noinclude> mlmezdndgqxvintpc0wdq4kt3hb1u98 828 11687 84778 2022-05-20T03:34:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protection banner/documentation Scribunto text/plain -- This module generates documentation for [[Module:Protection banner]]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Documentation = {} Documentation.__index = Documentation function Documentation:new(mainCfg, docCfg) return setmetatable({ _mainCfg = mainCfg, _docCfg = docCfg }, self) end function Documentation:makeReasonTable() -- Get the data from the cfg.banners table. local rowData = {} for action, reasonTables in pairs(self._mainCfg.banners) do for reason, t in pairs(reasonTables) do rowData[#rowData + 1] = { reason = reason, action = action, description = t.description } end end -- Sort the table into alphabetical order, first by action and then by -- reason. table.sort(rowData, function (t1, t2) if t1.action == t2.action then return t1.reason < t2.reason else return t1.action < t2.action end end) -- Assemble a wikitable of the data. local ret = {} ret[#ret + 1] = '{| class="wikitable"' if #rowData < 1 then ret[#ret + 1] = '|-' ret[#ret + 1] = string.format( '| colspan="3" | %s', self._docCfg['documentation-blurb-noreasons'] ) else -- Header ret[#ret + 1] = '|-' ret[#ret + 1] = string.format( '! %s\n! %s\n! %s', self._docCfg['documentation-heading-reason'], self._docCfg['documentation-heading-action'], self._docCfg['documentation-heading-description'] ) -- Rows for _, t in ipairs(rowData) do ret[#ret + 1] = '|-' ret[#ret + 1] = string.format( '| %s\n| %s\n| %s', t.reason, t.action, t.description or '' ) end end ret[#ret + 1] = '|}' return table.concat(ret, '\n') end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p.reasonTable() local mainCfg = require('Module:Protection banner/config') local docCfg = require('Module:Protection banner/documentation/config') local documentationObj = Documentation:new(mainCfg, docCfg) return documentationObj:makeReasonTable() end return p imbe3ltwmegb6fcpqrsgth07bd9uybu 10 11688 84779 2022-05-20T03:38:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navboxes wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{list1|{{{list|}}}}}}|{{#invoke:navboxes|top}} {{{list1|{{{list|}}}}}}{{#invoke:navboxes|bottom}}|{{main other|[[Category:Navboxes template with no content]]}}}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using navboxes with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Navboxes]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| bg | bordercolor | fg | list | list1 | state | title | titlestyle }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> axlkq8xphvtymw6spw0pgn7myl8zqlz 10 11689 84780 2022-05-20T03:38:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Navboxes/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> {{High-use| 34972 }} <includeonly>{{Template display|nomobile}}</includeonly> {{Navbox suite}} {{Template shortcut|Related pages|Template group}} {{Lua|Module:Navboxes|Module:Navbox|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} The {{tl|Navboxes}} template is used to group several [[WP:CLN#Navigation templates|navigation boxes]] together. '''Warning:''' This template effectively doubles the [[WP:PEIS|post-expand include size]] of the navbox templates, which can cause the templates not to display. For large numbers of navboxes, use {{tl|Navboxes top}} and {{tl|Navboxes bottom}} instead. ==Usage== <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <!-- Blank syntax --> {{Navboxes |title = <!-- optional, default is "Links to related articles" --> |titlestyle = <!-- optional --> |state = <!-- optional, default is collapsed --> |list1 = <!-- required, or |list= --> }} </syntaxhighlight> == Redirects== * {{Tl|nva}} ==Parameters== '''title''' (optional) : Alternate text to be placed in title box, defaults to "'''Links to related articles'''". '''state''' (optional) : ''collapsed'' to show this template in its collapsed (hidden) state, this is the ''default'' state : ''expanded'' to show this template in its expanded (fully visible) state : ''autocollapse'' to show this template in its collapsed (hidden) state '''only if''' there is another collapsible template on the page '''list''' (required) : list of the templates to be grouped ==Examples== <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{Navboxes | title = Giovanni Trapattoni navboxes | state = expanded | titlestyle = background: lightblue <!-- or hexcode-like #AAFFFF, defaults to #CCCCFF (violet) --> | list1 = {{Italy Squad 1962 World Cup}} {{Italy national football team managers}} {{Republic of Ireland national football team managers}} {{A.C. Milan managers}} {{F.C. Internazionale Milano managers}} {{Juventus F.C. managers}} {{Bayern Munich managers}} {{Cagliari Calcio managers}} {{ACF Fiorentina managers}} {{Italy Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{S.L. Benfica managers}} {{VfB Stuttgart managers}} {{FC Red Bull Salzburg Squad}} }} </syntaxhighlight> which gives: {{Navboxes | title = Giovanni Trapattoni navboxes | state = expanded | titlestyle = background: lightblue | list1 = {{Italy Squad 1962 World Cup}} {{Italy national football team managers}} {{Republic of Ireland national football team managers}} {{A.C. Milan managers}} {{F.C. Internazionale Milano managers}} {{Juventus F.C. managers}} {{Bayern Munich managers}} {{Cagliari Calcio managers}} {{ACF Fiorentina managers}} {{Italy Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{S.L. Benfica managers}} {{VfB Stuttgart managers}} {{FC Red Bull Salzburg Squad}} }} On larger pages, this should be replaced with: <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{Navboxes top | title = Giovanni Trapattoni navboxes | state = expanded | titlestyle = background: lightblue <!-- or hexcode-like #AAFFFF, defaults to #CCCCFF (violet) --> }} {{Italy Squad 1962 World Cup}} {{Italy national football team managers}} {{Republic of Ireland national football team managers}} {{A.C. Milan managers}} {{F.C. Internazionale Milano managers}} {{Juventus F.C. managers}} {{Bayern Munich managers}} {{Cagliari Calcio managers}} {{ACF Fiorentina managers}} {{Italy Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{S.L. Benfica managers}} {{VfB Stuttgart managers}} {{FC Red Bull Salzburg Squad}} {{Navboxes bottom}} </syntaxhighlight> ===Coordinates template=== The {{Tlx|coord}} template may be included in the template group. Just remember to set the {{para|display}} parameter equal to "inline" thus: {{tlx|coord|18|25|53|N|64|37|23|W|display{{=}}inline}}. This enables the coordinates to appear no matter what [[WP:Skin|skin]] you're in. The {{tlx|coord}} template can even be nested in a Navbox titled '''Geographic locale''', which is already found on many country pages. <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Navboxes |title = Geographic locale |list1 = '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. and Long.]] {{coord|18|25|53|N|64|37|23|W|display=inline}} {{color|darkblue|([[Road Town]], [[British Virgin Islands]])}}''' }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Navboxes |title = Geographic locale |list1 = '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. and Long.]] {{coord|18|25|53|N|64|37|23|W|display=inline}} {{color|darkblue|([[Road Town]], [[British Virgin Islands]])}}''' }} ===Succession boxes=== Any instances of <code>|-</code> in a succession box should be replaced with <code><nowiki>{{!}}-</nowiki></code>, or {{tl|Navboxes top}} and {{tl|Navboxes bottom}} should be used instead. <syntaxhighlight lang="html" style="overflow:auto; margin-right:5px"> {{Navboxes | list1 = {{s-start}} {{s-par|ie/oi}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bernard Cowen]]<br/><small>([[Fianna Fáil]])</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil]] [[Teachta Dála]] for [[Laois–Offaly (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Laois–Offaly]]|years=1984–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael O'Kennedy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Labour (Ireland)|Minister for Labour]]|years=1992–1993}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mervyn Taylor]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Albert Reynolds]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport|Minister for Energy]]|years=1993}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charlie McCreevy]]<br/><small>Minister for Tourism and Trade</small>}} {{s-bef|before=[[Charlie McCreevy]]<br/><small>Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Transport (Ireland)|Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications]]|years=1993–1994}} {{s-aft|after=[[Michael Lowry]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael Noonan (Fine Gael)|Michael Noonan]]<br><small>Minister for Health</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Health and Children]]<br><small>Minister for Health (1997)</small>|years=1997–2000}} {{s-aft|after=[[Micheál Martin]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[David Andrews (Irish politician)|David Andrews]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=2000–2004}} {{s-aft|after=[[Dermot Ahern]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Charlie McCreevy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance]]|years=2004–2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Brian Lenihan, Jnr|Brian Lenihan]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael McDowell (politician)|Michael McDowell]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Tánaiste]]|years=2007–2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mary Coughlan (politician)|Mary Coughlan]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bertie Ahern]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Taoiseach]]|years=2008–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Mary O'Rourke]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil|Deputy Leader of the Fianna Fáil Party]]|years=2002–2008}} {{s-aft|after=TBD}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bertie Ahern]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil|Leader of the Fianna Fáil Party]]|years=2008–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Prime Ministers of Ireland}} {{Deputy heads of government of Ireland}} {{Fianna Fáil Leaders}} {{European Council}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{Navboxes | list1 = {{s-start}} {{s-par|ie/oi}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bernard Cowen]]<br/><small>([[Fianna Fáil]])</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil]] [[Teachta Dála]] for [[Laois–Offaly (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Laois–Offaly]]|years=1984–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael O'Kennedy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Labour (Ireland)|Minister for Labour]]|years=1992–1993}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mervyn Taylor]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Albert Reynolds]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport|Minister for Energy]]|years=1993}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charlie McCreevy]]<br/><small>Minister for Tourism and Trade</small>}} {{s-bef|before=[[Charlie McCreevy]]<br/><small>Minister for Tourism, Transport and Communications</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Transport (Ireland)|Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications]]|years=1993–1994}} {{s-aft|after=[[Michael Lowry]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael Noonan (Fine Gael)|Michael Noonan]]<br><small>Minister for Health</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Health and Children]]<br><small>Minister for Health (1997)</small>|years=1997–2000}} {{s-aft|after=[[Micheál Martin]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[David Andrews (Irish politician)|David Andrews]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)|Minister for Foreign Affairs]]|years=2000–2004}} {{s-aft|after=[[Dermot Ahern]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Charlie McCreevy]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance]]|years=2004–2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Brian Lenihan, Jnr|Brian Lenihan]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Michael McDowell (politician)|Michael McDowell]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Tánaiste]]|years=2007–2008}} {{s-aft|after=[[Mary Coughlan (politician)|Mary Coughlan]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bertie Ahern]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Taoiseach]]|years=2008–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=[[Mary O'Rourke]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil|Deputy Leader of the Fianna Fáil Party]]|years=2002–2008}} {{s-aft|after=TBD}} {{s-bef|before=[[Bertie Ahern]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Fianna Fáil|Leader of the Fianna Fáil Party]]|years=2008–}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Prime Ministers of Ireland}} {{Deputy heads of government of Ireland}} {{Fianna Fáil Leaders}} {{European Council}} }} ==Tracking categories== * {{clc|Navboxes template with no content}} * {{clc|Pages using navboxes with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Navigational boxes|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] [[Category:Collapse templates]] }}</includeonly> 4f6zqdj7df9jijasssda0rnyh262j0c 828 11690 84781 2022-05-20T03:39:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navboxes Scribunto text/plain -- This implements Template:navboxes local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local Navbox = require('Module:Navbox') local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function navboxes(args, list) local navbar = (args['state'] and args['state'] == 'off') and 'off' or 'plain' local title = args['title'] or 'Links to related articles' local titlestyle = 'background:' .. (args['bg'] or '#e8e8ff') .. ';' .. (isnotempty(args['fg']) and ('color:' .. args['fg'] .. ';') or '') .. (isnotempty(args['bordercolor']) and ('border: 1px solid ' .. args['bordercolor'] .. ';') or '') .. (args['titlestyle'] or '') return Navbox._navbox({ navbar = navbar, title = title, list1 = list, state = args['state'] or 'collapsed', titlestyle = titlestyle, liststyle = 'font-size:114%', listpadding = '0px', tracking = 'no' }) end function p.top(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local parts = mw.text.split(navboxes(args, '<ADD LIST HERE>'), '<ADD LIST HERE>') return parts[1] end function p.bottom(frame) local args = {} local parts = mw.text.split(navboxes(args, '<ADD LIST HERE>'), '<ADD LIST HERE>') return parts[2] end function p.navbox(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local list = args['list1'] or args['list'] or '' local track_cats = '' if list == '' then if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then track_cats = '[[Category:Navboxes template with no content]]' end end return navboxes(args, list) .. track_cats end return p lzbz1dwwgd1pcozj0sff0cr91tyvwo2 828 11691 84782 2022-05-20T03:39:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Navboxes/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{lua|Module:navbox|Module:arguments}} Implements most of {{tl|Navboxes}}. 0q7hqqsoben0wys82ki8gi0zh9dv07v 10 11692 84784 2022-05-20T03:47:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pagelist wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:pagelist|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> oaokru398r39bas7j5c87x84xw47qud 10 11693 84785 2022-05-20T03:47:35Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pagelist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{high-use| 15791 }} {{lua|Module:Pagelist}} ==Usage== This template creates a comma-separated list of pages formatted as links. The last two pages in the list are separated by "and" instead of a comma. Any number of pages may be included in the list. By default, the namespace of the page including this template is used for each of the links. An optional <code>'''''nspace'''''</code> parameter can be specified to provide a different namespace to use for the links. {{para|nspace|all}} Makes the parameters namespace-aware, i.e. not default to the mainspace. Two other optional parameters are supported to provide formatting of the page links. If specified, the <code>'''delim'''</code> parameter is included before and after each page name. Optionally, the <code>'''edelim'''</code> parameter can specify the delimiter used at the end of the page name&mdash;in this case the <code>'''delim'''</code> tag is still used for the beginning of the page name. It is possible to specify a custom separator (instead of a comma) using the <code>'''separator'''</code> parameter. It is also possible to specify a custom value to use instead of "and" before the final item using the <code>'''conjunction'''</code> parameter. For both of these parameters, there are special values that use the default separators for the language set in users' preferences: <code>''dot''</code> (<code>{{int:dot-separator}}</code>), <code>''pipe''</code> (<code>{{int:pipe-separator}}</code>), <code>''comma''</code> (<code>{{int:comma-separator}}</code>), or <code>''tpt-languages''</code> (<code>{{int:tpt-languages-separator}}</code>). This template is mostly useful from within other templates that accept a variable number of page names, up to twenty pages, as arguments. For example, the page arguments <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code>–<code><nowiki>{{{10}}}</nowiki></code> can be passed to this template using <code><nowiki>{{pagelist|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}}}</nowiki></code>. Any parameters not specified to the original template will be passed as empty parameters and not listed by the pagelist template. ===Examples=== {| class="wikitable" ! Type this !! To get this |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|nspace=Template|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|nspace=Template|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|nspace= |delim=''|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|nspace= |delim=''|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|nspace=all|delim=''|Portal:Birds|Wikipedia:Template editor}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|nspace=all|delim=''|Portal:Birds|Wikipedia:Template editor}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;&amp;#32;}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;&#32;}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=or}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=or}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=&amp;#32;or&amp;#32;}}</nowiki></code> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=&#32;or&#32;}} |} == Parameters == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "nspace": { "label": "Namespace", "description": "Namespace on which the page is located, without the trailing colon (\":\"). Acceptable values are \"Talk\", \"File\", \"File talk\", \"Category\", \"Category talk\", \"Help\", \"Help talk\", \"Wikipedia\", \"Wikipedia talk\", \"Portal\", \"Portal talk\", \"Template\", \"Template talk\", \"Module\", \"Module talk\", \"User\", \"User talk\", and anything added in the future. \"all\" allows specifying lists of pages from multiple namespaces", "example": "Template", "type": "string" }, "delim": { "label": "Prefix (starting delimiter)", "description": "Wikicode to insert before each page name. Default is nothing. If this parameter is specified and no suffix parameter is specified, the contents of this parameter would also be used as the suffix.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "edelim": { "label": "Suffix (ending delimiter)", "description": "Wikicode to insert after each page name. If not specified, the default is the value of the prefix parameter.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "separator": { "label": "Separator", "description": "The character(s) used to separate specified page names, excluding the last two. Default is comma.", "example": ";", "type": "string" }, "conjunction": { "label": "Conjunction", "description": "The character(s) used to separate the last two items. Default is \"and\".", "example": "or", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Page name 1", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "2": { "label": "Page name 2", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "3": { "label": "Page name 3", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "4": { "label": "Page name 4", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "5": { "label": "Page name 5", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "6": { "label": "Page name 6", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "7": { "label": "Page name 7", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "8": { "label": "Page name 8", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "9": { "label": "Page name 9", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "10": { "label": "Page name 10", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" } }, "format": "inline", "description": "This template creates a comma-separated list of pages formatted as links. The last two pages in the list are separated by \"and\" instead of a comma. Any number of pages may be included in the list." } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Article list}}, which converts a list of QIDs into wikilinks * {{tl|Catlist}}, for a list of linked categories * {{tl|Comma separated entries}} * {{tl|Catalog lookup link}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:List formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Internal link templates]] }}</includeonly> shs8k64fv277z12plgm1otlaw3e5j98 828 11694 84786 2022-05-20T03:48:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Pagelist Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local separators = { dot = true, pipe = true, comma = true, ['tpt-languages'] = true } local function getSeparator(sep) if type(sep) ~= 'string' then return nil end if separators[sep] then return mw.message.new(sep .. '-separator'):plain() else return sep end end local function generateLink(page, nspace, delim, endDelim) if not page then return nil end local pagename = mw.title.new(page) if not pagename then -- Default to the args we were passed if our page -- object was nil. pagename = page else pagename = pagename.text end delim = delim or '' endDelim = endDelim or delim nspace = nspace or '' if nspace == 'all' then nspace = '' pagename = page end local outStr = mw.ustring.gsub( string.format( '%s[[:%s:%s|%s]]%s', delim, nspace, pagename, page, endDelim ), ':+', ':' ) return outStr end function p._main(args) local t = {} local separator = getSeparator(args.separator) local conjunction = getSeparator(args.conjunction) for i, v in ipairs(args) do table.insert(t, generateLink( v, args.nspace, args.delim, args.edelim )) end return mw.text.listToText(t, separator, conjunction) end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false, wrappers = 'Template:Pagelist' }) -- Process integer args. Allow for explicit positional arguments that are -- specified out of order, e.g. {{br separated entries|3=entry3}}. -- After processing, the args can be accessed accurately from ipairs. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if type(k) == 'number' and k >= 1 and math.floor(k) == k and string.match(v, '%S') then -- Remove blank or whitespace values. table.insert(args, k) end end table.sort(args) for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = origArgs[v] -- Trim whitespace. if type(args[i]) == 'string' then args[i] = mw.text.trim(args[i]) end end -- Get old named args. We don't need to remove blank values -- as for the nspace and edelim parameters the behaviour is different -- depending on whether the parameters are blank or absent, and for -- the delim parameter the default should be the blank string anyway. args.delim = origArgs.delim args.edelim = origArgs.edelim args.nspace = origArgs.nspace -- Get new named args, "separator" and "conjunction", and strip blank values. if origArgs.separator and origArgs.separator ~= '' then args.separator = origArgs.separator end if origArgs.conjunction and origArgs.conjunction ~= '' then args.conjunction = origArgs.conjunction end return p._main(args) end return p h2b0ocxr8n6rs95prujo29rxctvtdf4 828 11695 84787 2022-05-20T03:48:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Pagelist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} This is a Lua implementation of {{tl|pagelist}}. Please see the template page for documentation. gxdj2bitl4fqjndd57478ki1t9bm2zh 10 11696 84788 2022-05-20T03:49:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Catlist wikitext text/x-wiki {{pagelist | nspace = {{#if:{{{project| }}} | :{{{project}}}:}}Category | delim = <wbr /> | edelim = | separator = {{#switch:{{{separator|comma}}} | comma = comma | semicolon = ;&nbsp; | dot = dot | pipe = pipe | dash = &nbsp;–&nbsp; | slash = &nbsp;/&nbsp; | none = &nbsp; | &nbsp;{{{separator}}}&nbsp; }} | conjunction = {{#switch:{{{conjunction|}}} | and = and | or = &nbsp;or&nbsp; | none = {{#switch:{{{separator|comma}}} | comma = &nbsp;and&nbsp; | semicolon = ;&nbsp;or&nbsp; | dot = dot | pipe = pipe | dash = &nbsp;–&nbsp; | slash = &nbsp;/&nbsp; | none = &nbsp; | &nbsp;{{{separator}}}&nbsp; }} | {{#switch:{{{separator|}}} | comma | = &nbsp;and&nbsp; | semicolon = ; and&nbsp; | dot = dot | pipe = pipe | dash = &nbsp;–&nbsp; | slash = &nbsp;/&nbsp; | none = &nbsp; | &nbsp;{{{separator}}}&nbsp; }} }} |{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}|{{{11|}}}|{{{12|}}}|{{{13|}}}|{{{14|}}}|{{{15|}}}|{{{16|}}}|{{{17|}}}|{{{18|}}}|{{{19|}}}|{{{20|}}}|{{{21|}}}|{{{22|}}}|{{{23|}}}|{{{24|}}}|{{{25|}}}|{{{26|}}}|{{{27|}}}|{{{28|}}}|{{{29|}}}|{{{30|}}}|{{{31|}}}|{{{32|}}}|{{{33|}}}|{{{34|}}}|{{{35|}}}|{{{36|}}}|{{{37|}}}|{{{38|}}}|{{{39|}}}|{{{40|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9dboarnh0qyta4ur0rqgypegcj4bm1h 10 11697 84789 2022-05-20T03:49:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Catlist/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Pagelist}} ==Usage== This template creates a comma-separated list of categories formatted as links. By default, the last two categories are separated by "and". ===Examples=== {| class="wikitable" ! Type this !! To get this |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|conjunction{{=}}comma}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|conjunction=comma}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|conjunction{{=}}&}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|conjunction=&}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator{{=}}semicolon}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator=semicolon}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator{{=}}dot}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator=dot}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator{{=}}dash}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator=dash}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator{{=}}slash}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator=slash}} |- | {{tlx|Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator{{=}}none}} | {{Catlist|1989|1990|1991|1992|1993|separator=none}} |} == Parameters == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "nspace": { "label": "Namespace", "description": "Namsespace on which the page is located, without the trailing colon (\":\"). Acceptable values are \"Talk\", \"File\", \"File talk\", \"Category\", \"Category talk\", \"Help\", \"Help talk\", \"Wikipedia\", \"Wikipedia talk\", \"Portal\", \"Portal talk\", \"Template\", \"Template talk\", \"Module\", \"Module talk\", \"User\", \"User talk\", and anything added in the future.", "example": "Template", "type": "string" }, "delim": { "label": "Prefix (starting delimiter)", "description": "Wikicode to insert before each page name. Default is nothing. If this parameter is specified and no suffix parameter is specified, the contents of this parameter would also be used as the suffix.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "edelim": { "label": "Suffix (ending delimiter)", "description": "Wikicode to insert after each page name. If not specified, the default is the value of the prefix parameter.", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "separator": { "label": "Separator", "description": "The character(s) used to separate specified page names, excluding the last two. Default is comma.", "example": ";", "type": "string" }, "conjunction": { "label": "Conjunction", "description": "The character(s) used to separate the last two items. Default is \"and\".", "example": "or", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "Page name 1", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "2": { "label": "Page name 2", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "3": { "label": "Page name 3", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "4": { "label": "Page name 4", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "5": { "label": "Page name 5", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "6": { "label": "Page name 6", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "7": { "label": "Page name 7", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "8": { "label": "Page name 8", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "9": { "label": "Page name 9", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "10": { "label": "Page name 10", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" } }, "format": "inline", "description": "This template creates a comma-separated list of pages formatted as links. The last two pages in the list are separated by \"and\" instead of a comma. Any number of pages may be included in the list." } </templatedata> == See also == * [[Template:Cat]], for a single category * [[Template:Pagelist]], for pages <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:List formatting and function templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Internal category-link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 08g73c2yy1rfovtee8cyf7nroyy063y 10 11698 84790 2022-05-20T03:50:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Article list wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Article list|getlinks}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4z2jfelw1oqurcd35woox8819tokmsn 10 11699 84791 2022-05-20T03:50:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Article list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{lua|Module:Article list}} == Usage == This template will take a comma-separated list of Wikidata QIDs and output a list of articles. It is designed for use in navigation templates and will ensure that the links stay up to date even if articles are moved or deleted from Wikipedia. Links can be piped to remove any unnecessary words by using the {{para|remove}} parameter. The module will automatically sort the list alphabetically. If you would prefer to keep the order you have used, then set {{para|sort|no}}. ===Examples=== <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086}} In the next example, the unnecessary words "light" and "lighthouse" are removed. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086 |remove=light,lighthouse<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086 |remove=light,lighthouse}} To preserve the order you have manually chosen, use {{para|sort|no}}. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086 |sort=no<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> produces {{Article list |Q5457812, Q7195231, Q15179086 |sort=no}} ===Uses=== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=Template%3AArticle+list&namespace=10] === Convert helper template === You can use {{tls|Article list/convert}} to convert a list of wikilinks into a comma-separated list of QIDs. Currently this will not work if the wikilink is to a redirect, but this should be working shortly. If no QID is found then an HTML comment will be left in the article to alert you. <pre> {{subst:Article list/convert| * [[Link 1]] * [[Link 2|Pipe]], etc. }} </pre> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikidata modules]] [[Category:Templates using data from Wikidata]] [[Category:Internal link templates]] }}</includeonly> nedlslewzz4011epems2lcejejawkap 828 11700 84792 2022-05-20T03:51:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Article list Scribunto text/plain local p = {}; require('Module:No globals') local function makelink(link) return "<li>[[" .. link.target .. "|" .. link.label .. "]]</li>" end local function warning(note) return "<li>[[File:Achtung-orange.svg|20px]] "..note.."</li>" end local function removeword(link,removelist) for i,remove in ipairs(removelist) do local char1 = string.sub(remove,1,1) local regex = "%f[%w][" .. string.upper(char1) .. string.lower(char1) .. "]" .. string.sub(remove,2) .. "*%f[%W]" link = link:gsub(regex,"") end link = link:gsub("^%s*","") -- strip spaces from start link = link:gsub("%s*$","") -- strip spaces from end link = link:gsub("^(%l)", mw.ustring.upper) -- capitalise first letter return link end function p.getlinks(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args local qids = args[1] or pargs[1] local sort = true -- sort entries unless sort=no if args.sort=='no' or pargs.sort=='no' then sort = false end local redlinks = false -- do not show redlinks unless redlinks=yes if args.redlinks=='yes' or pargs.redlinks=='yes' then redlinks = true end local removes = args.remove or pargs.remove or "" local removelist = mw.text.split(removes,"%s*,%s*") -- split string into table at commas local links = {} -- for constructing the links local notes = "" -- for warning messages on the template if qids then for qid in qids:gmatch("Q%d+") do local target = mw.wikibase.sitelink(qid) local label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(qid) if target then -- sitelink to enwiki exists local newlink = {} newlink.target = target if label then -- make piped link using English label to avoid unnecessary disambiguation terms newlink.label = removeword(label,removelist) -- remove common words from label else -- there is no label so we are using target as the label newlink.label = removeword(target,removelist) -- remove common words from target end table.insert(links,newlink) else -- no sitelink to enwiki exists yet if label then -- English label exists if redlinks == true then if mw.title.new(label).exists then -- [[label]] is already a page linked to a different item notes = notes..warning("Cannot show link to [["..label.."]] because it is not linked to [[d:Special:EntityPage/"..qid.."|"..qid.."]]") else -- we can create a redlink to [[label]] local newlink = {} newlink.target = label newlink.label = removeword(label,removelist) table.insert(links,newlink) end else -- add warning on template that there is no sitelink notes = notes..warning("No sitelink for [["..label.."]]") end else -- no target and no English label if mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then if redlinks == true then -- add warning on template that no redlink can be generated without label notes = notes..warning("Cannot show link to [[d:Special:EntityPage/"..qid.."|"..qid.."]] because no label is defined") else -- add warning on template that there is no sitelink available notes = notes..warning("No sitelink for [[d:Special:EntityPage/"..qid.."|"..qid.."]]") end else -- add warning on template that qid is invalid notes = notes..warning("Invalid identifier "..qid) end end end end else return "Error: no parameter" end local links2 = {} -- will contain wikilinks sorted alphabetically if #links>0 then if sort then table.sort(links,function (link1,link2) return link1.label<link2.label end) end for i,link in ipairs(links) do links2[i]=makelink(link) end end local output = '<ul>'..table.concat(links2) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespace(10) then output = output..notes end return output ..'</ul>' end function p.convert(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args local input = args[1] or pargs[1] if input == nil then return nil end local resolveEntity = require( "Module:ResolveEntityId" ) local articlelist = mw.text.split(input,"%*%s*") local qidlist = {} for i,article in ipairs(articlelist) do local rawarticle=string.match(article,'%[%[(.+)%|') or string.match(article,'%[%[(.+)%]%]') if rawarticle then local qid = resolveEntity._id(rawarticle) if qid then qidlist[#qidlist+1] = qid.."<!-- "..rawarticle.." -->" else qidlist[#qidlist+1] = "<!-- No QID for "..rawarticle.." -->" end end end return "{{Article list|"..table.concat(qidlist,", ").."}}" end return p kqhka58pykh51im1lwmn8p39se2a6di 828 11701 84793 2022-05-20T03:51:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Article list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki Please see [[Template:Article list]]. gw78wucyczt2b0w2vrtuhric5lsukei 14 11702 84794 2022-05-20T04:00:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia documentation pages wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|tracking=yes|purpose=This [[WP:category|category]] tracks [[WP:documentation|documentation]] pages that are not in the [[WP:template namespace|template]], [[WP:module namespace|module]] or [[WP:user namespace|user]] [[WP:namespaces|namespaces]], when ''tagged'' by the {{tlx|documentation subpage}} template.}} [[Category:Documentation pages]] 201huovyafqrk1n3f88tr5uv5e83iot 10 11703 84795 2022-05-20T04:00:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Single namespace wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{1}}} other|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}}}|{{Incorrect namespace|{{{1}}}|nocat={{{nocat|}}}|category={{{category|¬}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> szre6r2urqvwhjgzir14wshm04zks16 10 11704 84796 2022-05-20T04:01:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Single namespace/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Substitution|not}} == Usage == This is a meta-template; it should only be used within other templates. It is used for [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] detection as a simplification of <code><nowiki>{{Foo other|Example|{{Incorrect namespace|foo}}}}</nowiki></code>. If the template is transcluded in the Foo namespace, it will transclude "Example"; if not, it will transclude {{tl|Incorrect namespace}}. Note that {{tl|Incorrect namespace}} does not work in the template namespace. The first parameter is necessary. It defines which namespace is the correct namespace for the template. The second parameter is optional. It allows something (usually a category) to be transcluded in the correct namespace. == Examples == === Correct namespace === <code><nowiki>{{Single namespace|Template|This text is only displayed in the Template namespace}}</nowiki></code> {{Single namespace|Template|This text is only displayed in the Template namespace}} === Incorrect namespace === <code><nowiki>{{Single namespace|Category|This text is only displayed in the Category namespace}}</nowiki></code> <!--not using actual template because {{Incorrect namespace}} won't display in the Template namespace--> {{Mbox | type = content | image = [[File:Stop hand orange.svg|50px]] | text = {{Error|The above template should only be transcluded in the ''Category'' namespace(s).}} }} == Supporting templates == {{flatlist|indent=0.5|class=nowraplinks| * {{tl|Incorrect namespace}} * {{tl|Category other}} * {{tl|Draft other}} * {{tl|File other}} * {{tl|Help other}} * {{tl|Main other}} * {{tl|Module other}} * {{tl|Portal other}} * {{tl|Talk other}} * {{tl|Template other}} * {{tl|User other}} * {{tl|Wikipedia other}} }} == See also == * [[Template:Category handler]] * [[Template:Namespace detect]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories here; interwikis in Wikidata --> [[Category:Template namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> swb0mcs57jg6w8ch2yqs3v7l09mxerj 10 11705 84797 2022-05-20T04:02:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category other wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Category}} | category | other }} }} | category = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> r0ca6l2gwiywy4ujjyab2aqj818ipta 10 11706 84798 2022-05-20T04:02:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category other/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template shortcut|ns14}} {{High-risk| 105000+ }} <!-- Categories go where indicated at the bottom of this page, please; interwikis go to Wikidata (see also: [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]). --> This is the {{tl|category other}} meta-template. This template helps other templates detect if they are on a "Category:" page or some "other" type of page. === Usage === This template usually takes two parameters, like this: <pre> {{category other | Category page text | Other pages text }} </pre> If the template is on a "Category:" page, it will return this: :{{category other | demospace=category | Category page text | Other pages text }} If the template is on any other page, it will return this: :{{category other | Category page text | Other pages text }} A typical usage case could be to make it so that a template only adds a category when on category pages. Thus not adding other pages that just show the template. Like this: <pre> {{category other | [[Category:Some category maintenance category]] }} </pre> Or to warn that a template should not be used on other pages: <pre> {{category other | | This template should only be used on category pages. }} </pre> Note that in the first case above the "other" parameter was not used, and in the second example the "category" parameter was left empty. === Demospace === For testing and demonstration purposes this template can take a parameter named '''demospace'''. * If it has the value '''category''' it returns the category page text. * It if has the value '''other''' or any other value such as the name of some other namespace it returns the other pages text. * If the parameter is empty or undefined, the actual page type determines the result. Like this: <pre> {{category other | Category page text | Other pages text | demospace = category }} </pre> No matter on what kind of page the code above is used it will return this: :{{category other | Category page text | Other pages text | demospace = category }} You can make it so your template also understands the '''demospace''' parameter. That means you can demonstrate the different appearances of your template in the documentation for your template. Then do like this: <pre> {{category other | Category page text | Other pages text | demospace = {{{demospace|}}} }} </pre> === Technical details === This template detects "Category talk:" pages as type '''other'''. This template works like {{tl|main talk other}}, for more examples and technical details see full documentation there. {{Namespace and pagename-detecting templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:Namespace manipulation templates]] [[Category:Category namespace templates]] }}</includeonly> ept8l317dd0p9zk7fqwyjyh694oka5x 14 11707 84799 2022-05-20T04:03:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Pages with script errors wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Pages with script errors}} {{polluted category}} {{hidden category}} {{empty category}} These are pages with errors in the [[Wikipedia:Lua in Wikipedia|Lua]] script being used to display them. ;API calls that return xml formatted lists *{{plain link|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20script%20errors&cmprop=title&cmlimit=500&cmnamespace=0&format=xml Article namespace}} ({{plain link|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20script%20errors&cmprop=title&cmlimit=500&cmnamespace=1&format=xml pages in Talk space}}) *{{plain link|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20script%20errors&cmprop=title&cmlimit=500&cmnamespace=10&format=xml Template namespace}} *{{plain link|1=//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=Category%3APages%20with%20script%20errors&cmprop=title%7Ctimestamp&cmlimit=500&cmsort=timestamp&cmdir=desc&format=xml By date}} {{collapse top|API calls by namespace including recent-first}} {{APIQuery categorymembers/table}} {{collapse bottom}} ;Petscan links, in case the API lists are not working *[https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=en&project=wikipedia&depth=3&categories=Pages%20with%20script%20errors&ns%5B0%5D=1&search_max_results=500&interface_language=en&&doit= Article namespace] *[https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?language=en&project=wikipedia&depth=3&categories=Pages%20with%20script%20errors&ns%5B10%5D=1&search_max_results=500&interface_language=en&&doit= Template namespace] {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia errors|Script]] [[Category:Tracking categories automatically populated by MediaWiki]] 3n99b2om190b34y9yzn98568sdip186 10 11708 84800 2022-05-20T04:04:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Polluted category wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki /><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --></noinclude> 4onaw4seacscd08nxwsxjqt517qhu3d 10 11709 84801 2022-05-20T04:04:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Polluted category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE AND INTERWIKIS TO WIKIDATA --> This template is designed to exclude categories that legitimately contain pages in both the (Main) [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] and the user namespace from [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Polluted categories]]. === TemplateData === {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template is designed to exclude categories that legitimately contain pages in both the (Main) namespace and the user namespace from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Database reports/Polluted categories.", "params": {} } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Templates with no visible output]] [[Category:Wikipedia database report templates]] }}</includeonly> 8jhf4iq70bem225o4do30fvkfjouy0u 10 11710 84802 2022-05-20T04:05:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hidden category wikitext text/x-wiki __HIDDENCAT__{{cmbox | type = notice | textstyle = text-align: center; | text = This category is [[:Category:Hidden categories|not shown]] on its member pages unless the appropriate [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpshowhiddencats|user preference]] (appearance → show hidden categories) is set. }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> i4om0xr4bh4bsucf3lr0hgr9fcbesac 10 11711 84803 2022-05-20T04:05:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Hidden category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{high-use}} ==Usage== This should be placed on the category page that you wish to be hidden. It includes the <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> [[Help:Magic words|magic word]], so that does not need to be added to pages that already have the {{tlx|hidden category}} template. Criteria are given at {{section link|Wikipedia:Categorization|Hiding categories}} and [[:Category:Hidden categories]]. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "This template should be placed on the category page that you wish to be hidden. No parameters are required." } </templatedata> ==See also== *{{section link|Wikipedia:Categorization|Wikipedia administrative categories}} *Archived discussion at {{section link|Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 24|HIDDENCAT}} {{Other category-header templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Category namespace templates]] [[Category:Tracking templates]] }}</includeonly> aj3qi4vgtamwckqzt4twzvg0c4o9e64 10 11712 84804 2022-05-20T04:05:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pp-protected wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Pp]] {{Rcat shell| {{R from move}} {{R from long name}} {{R with history}} {{R for convenience}} }} [[Category:Top icon protection templates]] faqi1ai9n8c7mo2k340w9h2ecfy57hm 10 11713 84805 2022-05-20T04:07:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:CatAutoTOC/core wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- # Using a sub-template, so that we never have have more than one call to the [[WP:EXPENSIVE]] function {{PAGESINCATEGORY}} # # TOC, depending on category size # <= 100 pages → no TOC # 101–1200 pages → {{Category TOC}} # > 1200 pages → {{Large category TOC}} ########################################################################### # NOTE: The sort key {{PAGENAME}} is used on all the tracking categories # # to override any {{DEFAULTSORT}} used in the category # ########################################################################### -->{{#ifexpr: {{{pagecount}}} > 1200 <!-- -->|<!-- # > 1200, so large TOC -->{{Large category TOC<!-- -->|CatAutoTOC=yes<!-- -->|pagecount={{{pagecount}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->[[Category:CatAutoTOC generates Large category TOC|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- -->|<!-- # < 1200, so check again -->{{#ifexpr: {{{pagecount}}} > 100<!-- -->|<!-- # > 100, so std TOC -->{{Category TOC<!-- -->|pagecount={{{pagecount}}}<!-- -->|CatAutoTOC=yes<!-- -->|align = {{#if: {{{align|}}} | {{{align}}} |left}}<!-- -->|top = {{#if: {{{top|}}} | {{{top}}} |yes}}<!-- -->|numerals = {{#if: {{{numerals|}}} | {{{numerals}}} |group}}<!-- -->|uppercase = {{#if: {{{uppercase|}}} | {{{uppercase}}} |yes}}<!-- -->|lowercase = {{#if: {{{lowercase|}}} | {{{lowercase}}} |no}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->[[Category:CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- -->|<!-- # <= 100, so no TOC -->[[Category:CatAutoTOC generates no TOC|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{{pagecount}}} | 0 <!-- -->|[[Category:CatAutoTOC on pages where PAGESINCATEGORY returns zero|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{clear}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/doc}} [[Category:Wikipedia CatAutoTOC]] </noinclude> 55co32fyyxpbj7yoc5gi76namrt8efi 10 11714 84806 2022-05-20T04:07:46Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers/table wikitext text/x-wiki [[WP:Namespace|Namespaces]] in use as of January 2020: *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=0}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=2}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=4}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=6}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=8}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=10}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=12}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=14}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=100}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=118}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=710}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=828}} Other namespaces: *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=108}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=446}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=2300}} *{{APIQuery categorymembers/row|CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}|cmnamespace=2302}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> rsnbj11cveyk2uaccrc7vmqxpc3qt2r 10 11715 84807 2022-05-20T04:08:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers/table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Description == This is a supplemental template to [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]. It relies on [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/row]]. == Usage == Place on category pages. For testing, set {{para|CATPAGE}} to the name of a category. Example: * <code><nowiki>{{APIQuery categorymembers/table|CATPAGE=Pages where template include size is exceeded}}</nowiki></code> produces {{APIQuery categorymembers/table|CATPAGE=Pages where template include size is exceeded}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> h9pqhqjgr935m4pl1cn4cqqsunq81zx 10 11716 84808 2022-05-20T04:08:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers/row wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><!-- goal is to have 4 calls to Template:APIQuery categorymembers, one for namespace, one with namespace sorted by date with timestamps, and the same for namespace talk page. Optional inputs are CATPAGE, format, and cmnamespace for first two and same minus cmnamespace for the other two. cmnamespace is +1 for the 3rd and 4th item. 3rd and 4th item nave |cmsort=timestamp |cmdir=desc |cmprop=title{{!}}timestamp. --></noinclude><!-- Primary namespace e.g. Article, User, etc. -->{{plain link|1={{APIQuery categorymembers |CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|}}} |cmprop=title |cmnamespace={{{cmnamespace|0}}} |format={{{format|xml}}} }} {{#ifeq: {{{cmnamespace|0}}}|0|Article|{{ns:{{{cmnamespace|0}}} }} }} }}, <!-- Primary namespace e.g. Article, User, etc. sorted by date, recent first, with timestamps -->({{plain link|1={{APIQuery categorymembers |CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|}}} |cmprop=title{{!}}timestamp |cmnamespace={{{cmnamespace|0}}} |format={{{format|xml}}} |cmsort=timestamp |cmdir=desc }} recent }}), <!-- Talk namespace e.g. Talk, User talk, etc. --> {{plain link|1={{APIQuery categorymembers |CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|}}} |cmprop=title |cmnamespace={{#expr: 1+{{{cmnamespace|0}}} }} |format={{{format|xml}}} }} {{ns:{{#expr: 1+{{{cmnamespace|0}}} }} }} }}, <!-- Primary namespace e.g. Article, User, etc. sorted by date, recent first, with timestamps -->({{plain link|1={{APIQuery categorymembers |CATPAGE={{{CATPAGE|}}} |cmprop=title{{!}}timestamp |cmnamespace={{#expr: 1+ {{{cmnamespace|0}}} }} |format={{{format|xml}}} |cmsort=timestamp |cmdir=desc }} recent }})<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> bjwu9nsin39s9uheuh3lyrn6jmv96vz 10 11717 84809 2022-05-20T04:08:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers/row/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> This template is called by [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/table]]. This template calls [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]. ;Parameters (all optional): * {{para|CATPAGE}} - overrides the <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> [[WP:MAGIC|magic word]]. *:Bug: CATPAGE cannot have space. Use underscores ("_"). * {{para|format}} - Default is xml. Other formats supported by the '''query''' API are supported. * {{para|cmnamespace}} - default is blank. To filter the results by namespace provide the number of the namespace, e.g. 0 (article), 1 (talk), etc. A full list is at [[Wikipedia:Namespace]]. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> cxgynvnckllj7r53780glb7zc3wazp1 10 11718 84810 2022-05-20T04:09:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers wikitext text/x-wiki {{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle={{urlencode:{{ns:14}}:{{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|WIKI}}&cmprop={{{cmprop|title}}}&cmlimit=500&cmnamespace={{{cmnamespace|}}}&format={{{format|xml}}}{{#if: {{{cmsort|}}}|&cmsort={{{cmsort}}}}}{{#if: {{{cmdir|}}}|&cmdir={{{cmdir}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> eqyjrtm8jsenhyw7oans26oxs7lofwi 10 11719 84811 2022-05-20T04:09:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:APIQuery categorymembers/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == ;Intended use: * Place this on a category page to generate a link to call the Wikipedia API to generate a list of pages in the category, limited to 500 results. ;Other uses: * Use this on any page to see the number of items in a category of the same name. This is potentially useful on article talk pages which have a category with an identical name. * Use this with the {{para|CATPAGE}} parameter to generate a link for a specific category. * Use this at [[Special:ExpandTemplates]]. Put the category name in the <code>Context title, for {{FULLPAGENAME}}, etc.:</code> line and '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' with the appropriate parameters in the <code>Input wikitext:</code> line. * Use this multiple times with different parameters, to generate a list or table of links. === Parameters === Note: Most of these are named after the parameters in the URL. Not all URL parameters are supported. * {{para|CATPAGE}} - overrides the <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> [[WP:MAGIC|magic word]]. * {{para|cmprop}} - default is {{para|cmprop|title}}. To add timestamps, use {{para|cmprop|title<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>timestamp}}. * {{para|cmnamespace}} - default is blank. To filter the results by namespace provide the number of the namespace, e.g. 0 (article), 1 (talk), etc. A full list is at [[Wikipedia:Namespace]]. * {{para|format}} - Default is xml. Other formats supported by the '''query''' API are supported. * {{para|cmsort}} - Default is no sorting. use {{para|cmsort|timestamp}} to sort by time. See cmprop above. * {{para|cmdir}} - Sorting direction, default is whatever the underlying API default is. {{para|cmsort|desc}} or {{para|cmsort|asc}}. ;Example usage: *'''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}<nowiki>|cmnamespace=1}}</nowiki>''' *:generates a URL that will list articles in a category *'''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}<nowiki>|cmnamespace=4|cmsort=timestamp|cmdir=desc|cmprop=title{{!}}timestamp}}</nowiki>''' *:generates a URL that will list the user talk pages in a category, sorted by date, descending, with dates *'''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}<nowiki>|format=json}}</nowiki>''' *:generates a URL that will generate JSON-formatted output *'''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|<nowiki>cmnamespace=0|CATPAGE=Pages where post-expand include size is exceeded}}</nowiki>''' *:generates an unsorted list of article pages in [[:Category:Pages where post-expand include size is exceeded]]: *:<code>{{ {{BASEPAGENAME}}|cmnamespace=0|CATPAGE=Pages where post-expand include size is exceeded}}</code> == Technical details == This template generates a "plain link" URL whose text is the namespace if the {{para|csnamespace}} parameter is used. <code> <nowiki> //en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtitle=Category%3A{{{CATPAGE|{{PAGENAMEE}}}}}&cmprop={{{cmprop|title}}}&cmlimit=500&cmnamespace={{{cmnamespace|}}}&format={{{format|xml}}}{{#if: {{{cmsort|}}}|&cmsort={{{cmsort}}}}}{{#if: {{{cmdir|}}}|&cmdir={{{cmdir}}} </nowiki> </code> == Related templates == * [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/row]] - creates a single row. Example: *:{{{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/row|CATPAGE=Pages_where_post-expand_include_size_is_exceeded|cmnamespace=2}} *:This example lists <code>User:</code> and <code>User talk:</code> pages in [[:Category:Pages where post-expand include size is exceeded]] * [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/table]] - Table of all namespaces, using [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/row]] == See also == * [[Special:TrackingCategories]] - a list of Wikipedia maintenance categories. This template may be useful in some of these categories. * [[:mw:API:Categorymembers]] API details (on MediaWiki) * [[Help:Searching#incategory:]] Using the search box to find pages in a category, can be combined with other search features like namespace selection <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> sfcx86dy55cvfklruv0fvsp1z56v9fo 828 11720 84812 2022-05-20T04:10:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:HTMLDecode Scribunto text/plain local i = {}; function i.HTMLDecode(frame) return mw.text.decode(frame.args["text"]); end return i; 1pb4wohcw9zqxuifnyt70g6czahlqv8 828 11721 84813 2022-05-20T04:10:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:HTMLDecode/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} == Usage == '''Module:HTMLDecode''' can be used to remove HTML encoding from any text. <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:HTMLDecode | HTMLDecode | text=***text to remove HTML encoding from*** }}</code> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> ac61thbn547jfcu9yom9jbmuj6drlrh 828 11722 84814 2022-05-20T04:16:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Module wikitext Scribunto text/plain local p = {} p.text = '' function p.main() return p.text end function p._addText(text, preprocessFrame) if preprocessFrame ~= false then text = (preprocessFrame or mw.getCurrentFrame()):preprocess(text) end p.text = p.text .. text end return p oq7txjegdzzkgf9xq2y6duxxsvvtj7q 828 11723 84815 2022-05-20T04:16:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Module wikitext/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Twinkle standard installation}} == Usage == This is an auxiliary module used to allow module pages to display wikitext. Use it by setting this module's <code>text</code> value to whatever content you want to display. The <code>_addText</code> helper method may be useful. For example, to tag a module with {{tl|db-g7}}, put <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>require('Module:Module wikitext')._addText('{{db-g7}}')</syntaxhighlight> at the top of it. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> hnjdmy05rfqlrom011w84fizyk9b62z 828 11724 84816 2022-05-20T04:24:25Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Wd Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. local p = {} local arg = ... local i18n local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = arg end if not i18n then i18n = require(title .. "/i18n").init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, param) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if param then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "$1", param) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, param) error(errorText(errorMessage, param)) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(mw.ustring.gsub(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), "^\+(.+)$", "%1"), 10) -- remove '+' sign (explicitly give base 10 to prevent error) if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, self.langCode) -- XXX: should use fallback labels? end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^\+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local key, citeWeb, citeQ, label local params = {} local citeParams = {['web'] = {}, ['q'] = {}} local citeMismatch = {} local useCite = nil local useParams = nil local value = "" local ref = {} local version = 1 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if statement.snaks then -- don't include "imported from", which is added by a bot if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] = nil end -- don't include "inferred from", which is added by a bot if statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] = nil end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end -- retrieve all the parameters for i in pairs(statement.snaks) do label = "" -- multiple authors may be given if i == aliasesP.author then params[i] = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, i, false, self.linked, true) -- link = true/false, anyLang = true else params[i] = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, i, false, (self.linked or (i == aliasesP.statedIn)) and (statement.snaks[i][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #params[i] == 0 then params[i] = nil else if statement.snaks[i][1].datatype == 'external-id' then key = "external-id" label = self.conf:getLabel(i) if label ~= "" then label = label .. " " end else key = i end -- add the parameter to each matching type of citation for j in pairs(citeParams) do -- do so if there was no mismatch with a previous parameter if not citeMismatch[j] then -- check if this parameter is not mismatching itself if i18n['cite'][j][key] then -- continue if an option is available in the corresponding cite template if i18n['cite'][j][key] ~= "" then citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]] = label .. params[i][1] -- if there are multiple parameter values (authors), add those too for k=2, #params[i] do citeParams[j][i18n['cite'][j][key]..k] = label .. params[i][k] end end else citeMismatch[j] = true end end end end end -- get title of general template for citing web references citeWeb = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeWeb) or "", ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front -- get title of template that expands stated-in references into citations citeQ = split(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(aliasesQ.citeQ) or "", ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front -- (1) use the general template for citing web references if there is a match and if at least both "reference URL" and "title" are present if citeWeb and not citeMismatch['web'] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.referenceURL]] and citeParams['web'][i18n['cite']['web'][aliasesP.title]] then useCite = citeWeb useParams = citeParams['web'] -- (2) use the template that expands stated-in references into citations if there is a match and if at least "stated in" is present elseif citeQ and not citeMismatch['q'] and citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] then -- we need the raw "stated in" Q-identifier for the this template citeParams['q'][i18n['cite']['q'][aliasesP.statedIn]] = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.statedIn, true) -- raw = true useCite = citeQ useParams = citeParams['q'] end if useCite and useParams then -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(useParams) do value = value .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end value = "{{" .. useCite .. value .. "}}" else value = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=useCite, args=useParams} end -- (3) else, do some default rendering of name-value pairs, but only if at least "stated in", "reference URL" or "title" is present elseif params[aliasesP.statedIn] or params[aliasesP.referenceURL] or params[aliasesP.title] then citeParams['default'] = {} -- start by adding authors up front if params[aliasesP.author] and #params[aliasesP.author] > 0 then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = table.concat(params[aliasesP.author], " & ") end -- combine "reference URL" and "title" into one link if both are present if params[aliasesP.referenceURL] and params[aliasesP.title] then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = '[' .. params[aliasesP.referenceURL][1] .. ' "' .. params[aliasesP.title][1] .. '"]' elseif params[aliasesP.referenceURL] then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = params[aliasesP.referenceURL][1] elseif params[aliasesP.title] then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = '"' .. params[aliasesP.title][1] .. '"' end -- then add "stated in" if params[aliasesP.statedIn] then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = "''" .. params[aliasesP.statedIn][1] .. "''" end -- remove previously added parameters so that they won't be added a second time params[aliasesP.author] = nil params[aliasesP.referenceURL] = nil params[aliasesP.title] = nil params[aliasesP.statedIn] = nil -- add the rest of the parameters for i, v in pairs(params) do i = self.conf:getLabel(i) if i ~= "" then citeParams['default'][#citeParams['default'] + 1] = i .. ": " .. v[1] end end value = table.concat(citeParams['default'], "; ") if value ~= "" then value = value .. "." end end if value ~= "" then value = {value} -- create one value object if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later value.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['cite']['version']) + version) end ref = {value} -- wrap the value object in an array end end return ref end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) local valuesArray, refHash -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p 9scru16s5146chaxiyatugrhsfa43zn 828 11725 84817 2022-05-20T04:24:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Wd/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{High-use|risk}} {{ombox|text=You might want to use one of the user-friendly wrapper templates {{t|Wikidata}} and {{t|WikidataOI}} instead of invoking this module directly.}} {{Wikidata/doc|prename=<nowiki/>#invoke:|prename_code=#invoke:|section==== Main class === The <code>main</code> command is always used alone and does not take any flags or arguments. It allows parent templates to pass on their parameters in the form of commands to this module. <table class="wikitable"> <tr> <th>Command</th> <th>Basic usage</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"><code>main</code></th> <td>{{nowrap|{{tnull|<nowiki/>#invoke:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|main}}}}</td> <td>Intended for use by wrapper templates (around this module) to invoke one or more of the above commands, returning their respective output. <p>The parameters passed to the wrapper template are the ones that will be used by the module, e.g. {{tnull|wikidata|'''property'''|'''P1549'''}} → {{tnull|<nowiki/>#invoke:wd|main}} → {{tnull|<nowiki/>#invoke:wd|main|'''property'''|'''P1549'''}}.</p> <p>Therefore, any parameters set by the wrapper template itself will be discarded, e.g. {{tnull|wikidata|'''property'''|'''P1549'''}} → {{tnull|<nowiki/>#invoke:wd|main|{{color|red|qualifier}}|{{color|red|P1082}}|{{color|red|P585}}}} → {{tnull|<nowiki/>#invoke:wd|main|'''property'''|'''P1549'''}}.</p> </td> </tr> </table>}} i6bty7pyt5iewk0jmh7kmt8ataf4g58 10 11726 84818 2022-05-20T04:25:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Template:Wikidata|{{Template rating|protected}} {{High-use|risk}}}} {{Lua sidebar|template={{{template|Wikidata}}}|module=Wd}} {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}|10|{{Lua|Module:Wd}} {{#ifeq:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|Wikidata|{{Template shortcut|Wd}} {{Hatnote|For a version of this template with an opt-in toggle, see {{t|WikidataOI}}.}}}}}} {{Hatnote|For the module that should be used in infobox templates instead of this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}}, see [[:Module:WikidataIB]].}} <!-- Original documentation located at [[:en:Template:Wikidata/doc]]. --> This {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is intended to fetch data from '''[[Wikidata]]''' with or without a link to the connected Wikipedia article and with many other features. {{{intro|}}} == Usage == The general structure of a call to this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is as follows. Note that the basic structure consists of positional commands, flags and arguments, which all have a fixed position. :{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}{{0|&ensp;}}{{Background color|#cddae3|<nowiki>|command1|flag1a|flag1b|flag1c</nowiki>}}{{0|&ensp;}}{{Background color|#dce5ec|<nowiki>|command2|flag2a|flag2b|flag2c</nowiki>}}{{0|&ensp;}}{{Background color|#c1debf|<nowiki>|flag0a|flag0b|flag0c</nowiki>}}{{0|&ensp;}}{{Background color|#ffdfc4|<nowiki>|arg1|arg2|arg3</nowiki>}}}} Use different [[#Commands|{{Background color|#cddae3|commands}}]] to get different kinds of values from Wikidata. At least one command must be given and multiple commands can be combined into one call as shown above (in any order, more than two is also possible), but this only applies to commands from the [[#Claim class|claim class]]; calls containing a command from the [[#General class|general class]] cannot contain any other command. Each command can be followed by any number of [[#Command flags|{{Background color|#cddae3|command flags}}]], which are optional and can be used to tweak the output generated by that command. The commands and their flags may be followed by any number of [[#Configuration flags|{{Background color|#c1debf|configuration flags}}]], which are also optional and affect the selection of data and the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}}'s behaviour in general. The call is closed with the [[#Positional arguments|{{Background color|#ffdfc4|positional arguments}}]], which may be required depending on the given command(s). Some [[#Named arguments|named arguments]] (i.e. name-value pairs) also exist, as well as a set of named flags for [[#Advanced usage|advanced usage]] that can be used to change the way the fetched values are merged together into the output. This {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} was designed to provide the basic needs for fetching data from Wikidata, but a lot can be achieved through different combinations of calls. For convenience, such combinations could be wrapped into new templates that serve a specific need. See also the section on [[#Common use cases|common use cases]] below for some examples of useful "building blocks". Likewise, the functionality of this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} can be extended by creating wrapper templates that use the [[Module:Wd#Main class|<code>main</code> command]] provided by {{module other|this module|[[Module:Wd]] which is being used by this template}} (just like {{t|WikidataOI}} does). === Common use cases === Below follows a list of common use cases. In the future, shortcut commands may be implemented that are equivalent to these calls for convenience. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Call ! Use case |- | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|label|raw|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | Returns the Q-identifier of the Wikidata item connected to the current page (e.g. "Q55"). |- | {{nowrap|<code><nowiki>{{#if:</nowiki>{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|label|raw|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<nowiki>|...}}</nowiki></code>}} | Performs a check to determine if the current page has a Wikidata item. Note that this statement relies on a returned value that is either empty or non-empty and that the <code>raw</code> flag is important to include. Without this flag, an existing item's regular label would be returned which could be empty, giving an undesired result. If the flag is given on the other hand, then a non-empty Q-identifier is always returned if an item exists and an empty value if an item does not exist. |} == Commands == The commands (<code>{{Background color|#cddae3|command1}}</code>, <code>{{Background color|#dce5ec|command2}}</code>, ...) determine what kind of values are returned. One call can only contain commands from a single class. === Claim class === The claim class commands can be combined, meaning that multiple commands of different types from this class can be given at one time ([[#Usage|see above for usage]]). Combine multiple commands into one call to this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}}, instead of making multiple calls to this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} with one command each, to be sure that all the returned pieces of information belong to each other ([[#Examples|see also the examples below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! Type ! Command ! Returns ! Basic usage ! Description |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | I ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>property</code> | <small>first match{{efn|Returns only a single value instead of multiple (if multiple claims or statements match). The returned value is '''the first match found from the best-ranked''' claims.}}</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|property|P1|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | rowspan="2" | Returns the requested property – or list of properties – from the current item-entity or from a given entity. This command can be given only once in one call. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>properties</code> | <small>all matches</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|properties|P1|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} |- | colspan="5" | |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | II ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>qualifier</code> | <small>first match{{efn|Returns only a single value instead of multiple for each matching claim. To get at most one value in total in case the <code>property</code> command is not also used, additionally use the [[#Configuration flags|<code>single</code> configuration flag]].|name=fm}}</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|qualifier|P1|P2|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | rowspan="2" | Returns the requested qualifier – or list of qualifiers – from the given property of the current item-entity or of a given entity. Unlike the other claim class commands, this command can be given multiple times to retrieve different qualifiers in one call. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>qualifiers</code> | <small>all matches</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|qualifiers|P1|P2|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} |- | colspan="5" | |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | III ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>reference</code> | <small>first match{{efn|name=fm}}</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|reference|P1|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | rowspan="2" | Returns a reference – or list of references – from the given property of the current item-entity or of a given entity.{{efn|Only references that are valid according to the [[d:Help:Sources|Wikidata guideline on sources]] are returned (i.e. those that have at least a property {{wpl|P248}} or {{wpl|P854}}).}} This command can be given only once in one call. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>references</code> | <small>all matches</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|references|P1|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} |- | colspan="5" | |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | {{notelist}} |} === General class === The general class commands cannot be combined. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Type ! Command ! Returns ! Basic usage ! Description |- | style="text-align:right;" | I ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>label</code> | | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|label|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | Returns the label of the current item-entity or of a given entity if present. |- | colspan="5" | |- | style="text-align:right;" | II ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>title</code> | | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|title|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | Returns the title of the page connected to the current item-entity or to a given item-entity if such page exists. |- | colspan="5" | |- | style="text-align:right;" | III ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>description</code> | | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|description|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | Returns the description of the current item-entity or of a given entity if present. |- |- | colspan="5" | |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | IV ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>alias</code> | <small>first match{{efn|Returns only a single value instead of multiple (if multiple values are present).|name=fmg}}</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|alias|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | rowspan="2" | Returns an alias – or list of aliases – of the current item-entity or of a given entity if present. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>aliases</code> | <small>all matches</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|aliases|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} |- | colspan="5" | |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | V ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>badge</code> | <small>first match{{efn|name=fmg}}</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|badge|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} | rowspan="2" | Returns a badge – or list of badges – for the page connected to the current item-entity or to a given item-entity if such page exists. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>badges</code> | <small>all matches</small> | {{nowrap|{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}|badges|{{{extraparams|}}}}}}} |- | colspan="5" | |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:left;" | {{notelist}} |} {{{section|}}} == Flags == The following (optional) flags are available which can be used to alter this {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}}'s behaviour. They must be given after the (first) {{Background color|#cddae3|command}} and before the {{Background color|#ffdfc4|positional arguments}}. For convenience, empty flags (i.e. <code>||</code>) are allowed and will simply be ignored. === Command flags === These flags (<code>{{Background color|#cddae3|flag1*}}</code>, <code>{{Background color|#dce5ec|flag2*}}</code>, ...) apply to the command that precedes them directly. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Flag ! Description |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>raw</code> | Returns the raw value if applicable. If this flag is used with item or property datatypes, then this will return the Q-identifier or P-identifier instead of the regular label. For quantity datatypes, this flag will strip off any units of measurement, unless the <code>unit</code> flag is also given in which case the raw unit of measurement (its Q-identifier) will be returned. If this flag is used with time datatypes, then the returned date will be in the format of <code>yyyy-mm-dd</code> (e.g. <code>1731-02-11</code>), or <code>yyyy-mm</code>, or <code>yyyy</code> depending on the date's precision. Dates in the Julian calendar stored with a precision of days through millenniums will have <code>/Julian</code> attached to the output (e.g. <code>1731-02-11/Julian</code>, which may be split off using the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23titleparts|<nowiki>{{#titleparts}}</nowiki> parser function]]). If it is used with globe coordinate datatypes, then it replaces the various symbols with forward slashes in the returned value (e.g. <code>52/5/3/N/4/19/3/E</code>, which may be split into parts using the [[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23titleparts|<nowiki>{{#titleparts}}</nowiki> parser function]]). |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>linked</code> | Creates a link to the Wikipedia article that is connected to the property or qualifier if it exists. Also links units of measurement that may be appended to values. If this parameter is omitted, then the plain property or qualifier value will be returned. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>short</code> | '''<code>{{color|red|[EXPENSIVE]}}</code>''' Returns the {{wpl|P1813}} of any entity returned if they have one attached. If that is not the case, then the default behaviour of returning the entity's label will occur. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>multilanguage</code> | Returns monolingual text values in any available language, not just the current wiki's language. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>unit</code> | Returns only the unit of measurement for quantity datatypes. |} === Configuration flags === These flags (<code>{{Background color|#c1debf|flag0*}}</code>) are general configuration flags and can be given anywhere after the first {{Background color|#cddae3|command}} (but before the {{Background color|#ffdfc4|positional arguments}}). {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Flag ! Description ! Command class |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|Combination of:}} ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>preferred</code> | rowspan="4" | Sets a rank constraint for the selected claim(s). The first three set the ranks for which claim(s) will be selected. They can optionally be followed by a <code>+</code> or a <code>-</code>, e.g. <code>normal+</code> or <code>preferred-</code>, where the first selects claims with a 'normal' rank ''or higher'' and the second selects claims with a 'preferred' rank ''or lower''. To get claims of all ranks, use <code>preferred-</code> or <code>deprecated+</code>. If the <code>best</code> flag is given additionally, then only the claims that have the highest rank amongst the selected claims will be returned. The default is <code>normal+|best</code> (so by default claims with a 'deprecated' rank are never returned). Output is always sorted from highest rank to lowest (regardless of any of these flags being set). | rowspan="4" | [[#Claim class|claim]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>normal</code> |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>deprecated</code> |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>best</code> |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|Combination of:}} ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>future</code> | rowspan="3" | Sets a time constraint for the selected claim(s). Uses the claims' qualifiers of {{wpl|P580}} and {{wpl|P582}} to determine if the claim is valid for the selected time period(s). The default is <code>future|current|former</code> (so by default claims that are valid for any time period are returned), except when <code>date=</code> is given ([[#Named arguments|see below]]) in which case the default is <code>current</code>. | rowspan="3" | claim |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>current</code> |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>former</code> |- | ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>mdy</code> | Returns date values in month-day-year order instead of day-month-year order. | claim |- | ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>single</code> | Returns only a single claim instead of multiple (if multiple claims match). Has no effect if the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command is given, in which case this flag would be redundant. | claim |- | ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>sourced</code> | Only returns claims that have at least one valid reference. | claim |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|One of:}} ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>edit</code> | rowspan="2" | Adds a clickable icon after the output that may be used by readers to edit the returned claim on Wikidata. If <code>edit@end</code> is used, then the icon will be placed at the end of the line for neat alignment in infoboxes. | rowspan="2" | claim, [[#General class|general]] |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>edit@end</code> |} == Arguments == The arguments determine the sources from which all the returned values are fetched. === Positional arguments === The following table shows the available positional arguments (<code>{{Background color|#ffdfc4|arg*}}</code>) in their fixed order. For each command, the applicable set of arguments is marked. If multiple commands are given, then the applicable set is the union of the individual sets. For instance, if the commands <code>properties</code> and <code>qualifiers</code> have been given, then at least both the arguments <code>property_id</code> and <code>qualifier_id</code> should be given as well. More than one <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command can be given. The order in which these commands with their flags are given matches the order in which the respective <code>qualifier_id</code> arguments are given. {| class="wikitable" style="background:none;border:none;" |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" style="background:none;border:none;" | | colspan="2" | <small>''(required)''</small> | <small style="color:#777;">''(optional)''</small> | <small style="color:#777;">(optional)</small> | <small>(required)</small> | <small style="color:#777;">(optional)</small> | <small>(required)</small> | <small>(required)</small> | rowspan="2" style="background:none;border:none;" | |- | colspan="2" | | | | | | | |- | style="border-right:2px solid #000;" | ''<code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}</code>'' | colspan="2" style="border-right:2px solid #000;" | ''<code>commands</code>'' | style="border-right:2px solid #000;" | ''<code style="color:#777;">flags</code>'' ! style="border-right:2px solid #000;background-color:#ffdfc4;" | <code style="color:#777;">entity_id</code> ! style="border-right:2px solid #000;background-color:#ffdfc4;" | <code>property_id</code> ! style="border-right:2px solid #000;background-color:#ffdfc4;" | <code style="color:#777;">raw_value</code> ! style="border-right:2px solid #000;background-color:#ffdfc4;" | <code>qualifier_id</code> ! style="background-color:#ffdfc4;" | <code>qualifier_id</code> | ''<code><nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>'' |- | rowspan="12" colspan="2" style="background:none;border:none;" | | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-style:dashed;border-left-color:blue;border-bottom-color:blue;" | | | | | | | rowspan="12" style="background:none;border:none;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" | <code>label</code>, <code>title</code>,<br /><code>description</code>,<br /><code>alias</code>/<code>aliases</code>,<br /><code>badge</code>/<code>badges</code> | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | |- | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-style:dashed;border-left-color:blue;border-bottom-color:blue;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-top:none;" | <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | |- | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-style:dashed;border-left-color:blue;border-bottom-color:blue;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" colspan="3" style="border-top:none;" | <code>reference</code>/<code>references</code> | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | |- | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-style:dashed;border-left-color:blue;border-bottom-color:blue;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border-top:none;" | <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> | rowspan="2" style="border-top:none;border-bottom:none;" | |- | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border-style:dashed;border-left-color:blue;border-bottom-color:blue;" | |- style="text-align:center;" | rowspan="2" colspan="5" style="border-top:none;" | <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> ''(optional 2^nd, 3^rd, etc.)'' |- | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="border:none;" | |- | colspan="5" style="border:none;" | |} Below follows a description of all positional arguments. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Argument ! Description |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code style="color:#777;">entity_id</code> <small style="font-weight:normal;">(optional)</small> | '''<code>{{color|red|[EXPENSIVE]}}</code>''' '''Q-identifier''' of the item-entity to be accessed (e.g. <code>Q55</code>), '''P-identifier''' (or an available '''[[#Property aliases|alias]]''') of the property-entity to be accessed preceded by the <code>Property:</code> prefix (e.g. <code>Property:P38</code>), or '''page title''' of the Wikipedia article whose connected item-entity is to be accessed preceded by <code>:</code>, a prefixed colon (e.g. <code>:Netherlands</code>). In case of the [[#General class|general class commands]], the <code>Property:</code> prefix may be omitted for P-identifiers (e.g. <code>P38</code>). If this parameter is omitted, then the item-entity connected to the current page will be used (except when <code>eid=</code> or <code>page=</code> is given, [[#Named arguments|see below]]). If this parameter is given, but empty (i.e. <code>&#124;&#124;</code>), then due to its position it will be interpreted as an [[#Flags|empty flag]] and thus be ignored, giving the same result as if it were omitted. See also the [[#Named arguments|named arguments <code>eid=</code> and <code>page=</code>]] below that can be used to give an entity-ID or page title too, but without the item-entity connected to the current page being used as a default. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>property_id</code> | '''P-identifier''' (or an available '''[[#Property aliases|alias]]''') of the property within the entity to be accessed, without the <code>Property:</code> prefix (e.g. <code>P35</code>). |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code style="color:#777;">raw_value</code> <small style="font-weight:normal;">(optional)</small> | Either the '''Q-identifier''' equal to the property value (e.g. <code>Q29574</code>) or a '''literal value''' (i.e. string or quantity etc., ''no entity label'') equal to the raw property value of the particular claim to be accessed. Dates as literal values must be formatted <code>yyyy-mm-dd</code> (e.g. <code>1731-02-11</code>) for dates with a precision of days, <code>yyyy-mm</code> (e.g. <code>1731-02</code>) for dates with a precision of months, and <code>yyyy</code> (e.g. <code>1731</code>) for dates of lesser precision. Dates BCE require a minus sign in front of the year (e.g. <code>-2950-01-31</code>). Dates stored in the Julian calendar must have <code>/Julian</code> attached to the end (e.g. <code>1731-02-11/Julian</code>). Decades like the 2010s must be given as <code>2010</code> (but the 2010s BCE as <code>-2019</code>), centuries like the 20th century as <code>1901</code> (but the 20th century BCE as <code>-2000</code>), and millenniums like the 3rd millennium as <code>2001</code> (but the 3rd millennium BCE as <code>-3000</code>). Globe coordinates as literal values must be formatted with forward slashes (i.e. <code>/</code>) between the parts and no symbols (e.g. <code>52/5/3/N/4/19/3/E</code>) ''without any spaces or leading zeros''. The special type &#39;'''no value'''&#39; can be given by entering the empty string (i.e. <code>&#124;&#124;</code>) and the special type &#39;'''unknown value'''&#39; can be given by entering a single underscore (i.e. <code>&#124;_&#124;</code>). To get a literal underscore, escape it by placing a backslash <code>\</code> directly in front of it (i.e. <code>\_</code>); the same holds for a literal backslash (i.e. <code>\\</code>). To get a literal vertical bar <code>|</code>, use <code>{{tl|!}}</code> or <code>&amp;#124;</code>. If this parameter is omitted, then all claims (matching any other constraints) within the property will be accessed. |- ! style="text-align:left;" | <code>qualifier_id</code> | '''P-identifier''' (or an available '''[[#Property aliases|alias]]''') of the qualifier within the entity to be accessed, without the <code>Property:</code> prefix (e.g. <code>P580</code>). |} === Named arguments === Below follows a description of all named arguments, which are name-value pairs (i.e. <code>|name=value</code>). These are all optional and can be given anywhere {{module other|after the first command|inside the call}}. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Argument ! Description ! Command class |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>eid=</code> | '''<code>{{color|red|[EXPENSIVE]}}</code>''' This argument can be used to give the '''Q-identifier''' (e.g. <code>&#124;eid=Q55</code>) or '''P-identifier''' (or an available '''[[#Property aliases|alias]]''') of the entity to be accessed. It offers the same functionality as the [[#Positional arguments|positional argument <code>entity_id</code>]], with one difference: if the argument is given but its value is left empty (i.e. <code>&#124;eid=</code>), then no entity is accessed at all instead of the item-entity connected to the current page. This is useful in some cases where a variable entity-ID is expected, but where the item-entity connected to the current page should not be accessed as the default. Also, the <code>Property:</code> prefix may be omitted for P-identifiers (e.g. <code>&#124;eid=P38</code>) for all commands. This argument only has effect if the positional argument <code>entity_id</code> is omitted. | [[#Claim class|claim]], [[#General class|general]] |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>page=</code> | '''<code>{{color|red|[EXPENSIVE]}}</code>''' This argument can be used to give the '''page title''' (e.g. <code>&#124;page=Netherlands</code>) of the Wikipedia article whose connected item-entity is to be accessed. It behaves similar to the named argument <code>eid=</code> and can be used instead of the [[#Positional arguments|positional argument <code>entity_id</code>]] (note that no prefixed colon, <code>:</code>, is required). If the argument is given but its value is left empty (i.e. <code>&#124;page=</code>), then no entity is accessed at all instead of the item-entity connected to the current page. This argument only has effect if the positional argument <code>entity_id</code> and the named argument <code>eid=</code> are omitted. | claim, general |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>date=</code> | This argument can be used to set a particular date (e.g. <code>&#124;date=1731-02-11</code>) relative to which claim matching using the [[#Configuration flags|<code>future</code>, <code>current</code> and <code>former</code> flags]] is done, instead of relative to today. It overrides the default of these flags to <code>current</code> so that by default only claims that were valid at the given date are returned (based on the claims' qualifiers of {{wpl|P580}} and {{wpl|P582}}). The date value must be formatted <code>yyyy-mm-dd</code> (e.g. <code>1731-02-11</code>), <code>yyyy-mm</code> (e.g. <code>1731-02</code>) or <code>yyyy</code> (e.g. <code>1731</code>). | claim |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>''<qualifier>''=</code> | The <code>''<qualifier>''</code> is a placeholder for a set of arguments that determine which claims should be accessed based on qualifier value, analogous to the pair of [[#Positional arguments|positional arguments <code>property_id</code> and <code>raw_value</code>]] (that determine access based on property value). As such, <code>''<qualifier>''</code> is any qualifier's '''P-identifier''' (or an available '''[[#Property aliases|alias]]''') without the <code>Property:</code> prefix (e.g. <code>P518</code>). Its value is either the '''Q-identifier''' equal to one of the qualifier values (e.g. <code>Q27561</code>) or a '''literal value''' (i.e. string or quantity etc., ''no entity label'') equal to one of the raw qualifier values of the particular claim to be accessed. The value format is the same as for the positional argument <code>raw_value</code>. The special type &#39;'''no value'''&#39; given by the empty string also matches the total absence within the claim of the particular qualifier. Example: <code>|P518=Q27561</code> Multiple arguments of this type can be given to match multiple qualifier values simultaneously for each claim. | claim |} === Property aliases === Property aliases are other names for P-identifiers that can be used instead. The following property aliases (which are [[Case sensitivity|case-sensitive]]) are currently available: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Alias ! _{translates<br />}^to ! P-identifier |- <!-- property aliases purely for convenience --> | coord ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P625|P625]] |- !colspan="3"| |- <!-- property aliases used by the module itself --> | image ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P18|P18]] |- | author ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P50|P50]] |- | publisher ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P123|P123]] |- | importedFrom ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P143|P143]] |- | statedIn ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P248|P248]] |- | pages ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P304|P304]] |- | language ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P407|P407]] |- | hasPart ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P527|P527]] |- | publicationDate ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P577|P577]] |- | startTime ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P580|P580]] |- | endTime ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P582|P582]] |- | chapter ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P792|P792]] |- | retrieved ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P813|P813]] |- | referenceURL ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P854|P854]] |- | sectionVerseOrParagraph ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P958|P958]] |- | archiveURL ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P1065|P1065]] |- | title ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P1476|P1476]] |- | formatterURL ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P1630|P1630]] |- | quote ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P1683|P1683]] |- | shortName ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P1813|P1813]] |- | definingFormula ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P2534|P2534]] |- | archiveDate ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P2960|P2960]] |- | inferredFrom ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P3452|P3452]] |- | typeOfReference ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P3865|P3865]] |- | column ||style="text-align: center;"| → || [[d:Property:P3903|P3903]] |} == Advanced usage == The layout of the output from (a combination of) commands that have both a singular and a plural form (e.g. <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code>) can be customized by using a number of named flags, which are name-value pairs (i.e. <code>|flag=value</code>), that can be given anywhere {{module other|after the first command|inside the call}}. The table below shows the available named flags. To insert a space at the beginning or end of a <code>value</code>, use an underscore <code>_</code>. To get a literal underscore, escape it by placing a backslash <code>\</code> directly in front of it (i.e. <code>\_</code>); the same holds for a literal backslash (i.e. <code>\\</code>). To get a literal vertical bar <code>|</code>, use <code>{{tl|!}}</code> or <code>&amp;#124;</code>. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Named flag ! Default value ! Default condition ! Description |- ! rowspan="6" style="text-align:right;" | <code>format=</code> | <code>%p[%s][%r]</code> | if the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command '''was''' given and the <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command '''was not''' given | rowspan="6" | The format of a single claim. The available parameters are as follows. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | <code>%p</code> | The claim's property value applied by the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command. |- | <code>%q1</code>, <code>%q2</code>, <code>%q3</code>, ... | The claim's qualifier value or list of qualifier values applied by the corresponding <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command. |- | <code>%q</code> | The collection of the qualifier values applied by each <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command (i.e. <code>%q1</code> + <code>%q2</code> + <code>%q3</code> + ...). If only one <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command was given, then this parameter is equivalent to <code>%q1</code>. |- | <code>%r</code> | The claim's reference value or list of reference values applied by the <code>reference</code>/<code>references</code> command. |- | <code>%a</code> | The entity's alias applied by the <code>alias</code>/<code>aliases</code> command. |- | <code>%b</code> | The entity's page badge applied by the <code>badge</code>/<code>badges</code> command. |- | <code>%s</code> | The movable separator placeholder. This is a special parameter that is not applied by a command, but instead is filled automatically between each pair of claims, aliases or badges (if a list of claims, aliases or badges is returned). This is particularly handy in case a claim's reference is returned as well, since it allows the reference to be placed after the punctuation mark as prescribed by [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Punctuation and footnotes|Wikipedia's manual of style]]. The default value is a comma (<code>,</code>) and can be overridden with the <code>sep%s</code> flag (see below). |} Optional parameters can be given by encapsulating them between square brackets: <code>[...]</code>. All content between the square brackets is only displayed if a value for each optional parameter that has been defined between the same brackets has been found. Optional content can also be nested. To use two opening square brackets that directly follow each other (i.e. <code>{{!((}}</code>), use <code>{{tl|!((}}</code>. At least one parameter must be given that is not optional, while the <code>%s</code> parameter must always be defined as optional. To get a literal <code>[</code>, <code>]</code>, <code>%</code> or <code>\</code>, escape the character by placing a backslash <code>\</code> directly in front of it (e.g. <code>\%</code>). See also the description directly above this table for more. |- | <code>%q[%s][%r]</code> | if the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command '''was not''' given and the <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command '''was''' given |- | <code>%r</code> | if '''only''' the <code>reference</code>/<code>references</code> command was given |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="xml">%p[ <span style="font-size:85\%">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]</syntaxhighlight> | if the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command '''was''' given and the <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command '''was''' given |- | <code>%a[%s]</code> | if the <code>alias</code>/<code>aliases</code> command was given |- | <code>%b[%s]</code> | if the <code>badge</code>/<code>badges</code> command was given |- | colspan="4" | |- ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | <code>sep=</code> | <code>{{dfn|_|title=space}}</code> | <span style="color:#777;">''default''</span> | rowspan="2" | The fixed separator between each pair of claims, aliases or badges. |- | {{dfn|<code>{{0|&ensp;}}</code>|title=empty}} | if '''only''' the <code>reference</code>/<code>references</code> command was given '''without''' the <code>raw</code> flag |- | colspan="4" | |- ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | <code>sep%s=</code> | <code>,</code> | <span style="color:#777;">''default''</span> | rowspan="2" | The movable separator between each pair of claims, aliases or badges. This will be the value of the <code>%s</code> parameter applied to all claims, aliases or badges, except for the last in the list (which can be set with the <code>punc</code> flag). |- | <code>;</code> | if the <code>property</code>/<code>properties</code> command '''was not''' given and the <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command '''was''' given |- | colspan="4" | |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>sep%q1=</code>, <code>sep%q2=</code>, <code>sep%q3=</code>, ... | <code>{{dfn|,_|title=comma space}}</code> | <span style="color:#777;">''default''</span> | The separator between each pair of qualifiers of a single claim. These are the value separators for the <code>%q1</code>, <code>%q2</code>, <code>%q3</code>, ... parameters. If only one <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command was given, then the <code>sep%q1</code> flag is equivalent to <code>sep%q</code>. |- | colspan="4" | |- ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | <code>sep%q=</code> | <code>{{dfn|,_|title=comma space}}</code> | if '''exactly one''' <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command was given | rowspan="2" | The separator between each set of qualifiers of a single claim. This is the value separator for the <code>%q</code> parameter. If only one <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command was given, then this flag is equivalent to <code>sep%q1</code>. |- | <code>{{dfn|{{;}}_|title=semicolon space}}</code> | if '''more than one''' <code>qualifier</code>/<code>qualifiers</code> command was given |- | colspan="4" | |- ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" | <code>sep%r=</code> | {{dfn|<code>{{0|&ensp;}}</code>|title=empty}} | <span style="color:#777;">''default''</span> | rowspan="2" | The separator between each pair of references of a single claim. This is the value separator for the <code>%r</code> parameter. |- | <code>{{dfn|_|title=space}}</code> | if the <code>raw</code> flag '''was''' given for the <code>reference</code>/<code>references</code> command |- | colspan="4" | |- ! style="text-align:right;" | <code>punc=</code> | {{dfn|<code>{{0|&ensp;}}</code>|title=empty}} | <span style="color:#777;">''default''</span> | A punctuation mark placed at the end of the output. This will be placed on the <code>%s</code> parameter applied to the last claim (or alias or badge) in the list. This allows the last claim's references to be placed after the punctuation mark when the output is used as part of a sentence. |} == Examples == <!-- TO UPDATE EXAMPLE RESULTS at [[Template:Wd/doc]], replace all the contents of the 'Examples' section with: {{subst:Template:Wd/doc/examples}} (This makes the example results static for performance reasons.) Changes to examples and additions of new examples should be made at [[Template:Wd/doc/examples]] after which the contents of the 'Examples' section at [[Template:Wd/doc]] should be substituted as described above. The examples section is a bit bloated, though... For a bit of convenience, the following table row can be used as a basic template for any new example (note the 'xxx' that need to be replaced): |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Pxxx = "{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wd|label|Pxxx}}"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|xxx}}] | {{tnull|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}(((}}prename|{{{{{|safesubst:}}})))}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Pxxx|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}(((}}extraparams|{{{{{|safesubst:}}})))}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:wd|property|Pxxx}} | Description... --> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameters and output types ! Example ! style="width:20%"|Description |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q55|Q55]] = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P395|P395]] = "licence plate code"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q55|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL | Gets a literal string value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | P395 = "licence plate code"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Netherlands]] page (which is linked to Q55), then the <code>Q55</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P395 = "NL"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''eid{{=}}Q55'''|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL | An entity-ID can also be given using the <code>eid=</code> argument. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | P395 = "NL"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''page{{=}}Netherlands'''|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL | A page title can be given instead of an entity-ID using the <code>page=</code> argument. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P395 = "licence plate code"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''edit'''|Q55|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL&nbsp;[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=Edit this on Wikidata|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55?uselang=en#P395|Edit this on Wikidata]] | Adds a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P395 = "licence plate code"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|string}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''edit@end'''|Q55|P395|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :NL<span style="float:right">[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=Edit this on Wikidata|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55?uselang=en#P395|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span> | Places the edit icon at the end of the line. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P1082|P1082]] = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''property'''|'''normal+'''|Q55|P1082|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :17,282,163 | Gets a single property value from claims with a 'normal' rank or higher. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''properties'''|normal+|Q55|P1082|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :17,282,163, 16,829,289, 16,779,575, 10,026,773, 17,000,000, 17,132,854, 17,181,084 | Gets multiple property values from claims with a 'normal' rank or higher. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", [[d:Property:P585|P585]] = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''qualifier'''|normal+|Q55|P1082|'''P585'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :17,282,163 <span style="font-size:85%">(2019)</span>, 16,829,289 <span style="font-size:85%">(26 August 2014)</span>, 16,779,575 <span style="font-size:85%">(2013)</span>, 10,026,773 <span style="font-size:85%">(1950)</span>, 17,000,000 <span style="font-size:85%">(21 March 2016)</span>, 17,132,854 <span style="font-size:85%">(2017)</span>, 17,181,084 <span style="font-size:85%">(1 January 2018)</span> | Gets a single qualifier value for each claim, additional to the property value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|'''references'''|normal+|Q55|P1082|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :17,282,163 <span style="font-size:85%">(2019)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref> 16,829,289 <span style="font-size:85%">(26 August 2014)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-cea8d68b073c3e015eb19fca29cfdd632fc42c65-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&LA=NL; retrieved: 26 August 2014.</ref> 16,779,575 <span style="font-size:85%">(2013)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-a320e0a81aa82b19d4b7f1b9e71f39c153da28ab-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&D1=a&D2=0,10,20,30,40,50,60,(l-1),l&HD=130605-0924&HDR=G1&STB=T; retrieved: 22 August 2015; publisher: Statistics Netherlands.</ref> 10,026,773 <span style="font-size:85%">(1950)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-a320e0a81aa82b19d4b7f1b9e71f39c153da28ab-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&D1=a&D2=0,10,20,30,40,50,60,(l-1),l&HD=130605-0924&HDR=G1&STB=T; retrieved: 22 August 2015; publisher: Statistics Netherlands.</ref> 17,000,000 <span style="font-size:85%">(21 March 2016)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-928a3addb389f1dc02548a71c7d09a2a7f8ba2f9-v3">http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2016/nederland-telt-17-miljoen-inwoners.htm.</ref> 17,132,854 <span style="font-size:85%">(2017)</span>,<ref name="wikidata-b9afa65b0872528113472db065673a53e65e8a2f-v3">https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL; ''World Bank Open Data''; retrieved: 8 April 2019.</ref> 17,181,084 <span style="font-size:85%">(1 January 2018)</span><ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref> | Gets references for each claim. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | <code>A total of {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|references|Q55|P1082|{{{extraparams|}}}}} people live in the Netherlands.</code><br /> :↓<br /> :A total of 17,282,163<ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref> people live in the Netherlands. | Gets a property with its references. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | <code>The Netherlands has a population of {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|references|Q55|P1082|'''punc{{=}}.'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}</code> :↓<br /> :The Netherlands has a population of 17,282,163.<ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref> | Adds a punctuation mark at the end of the output, in front of the references. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | <code>'''<nowiki><ul></nowiki>'''{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|references|normal+|Q55|P1082|P585|'''<nowiki>format=<li>%p[%r][<ul><li>%q</li></ul>]</li></nowiki>'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}'''<nowiki></ul></nowiki>'''</code><br /> :↓<br /> <ul><li>17,282,163<ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref><ul><li>2019</li></ul></li> <li>16,829,289<ref name="wikidata-cea8d68b073c3e015eb19fca29cfdd632fc42c65-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&LA=NL; retrieved: 26 August 2014.</ref><ul><li>26 August 2014</li></ul></li> <li>16,779,575<ref name="wikidata-a320e0a81aa82b19d4b7f1b9e71f39c153da28ab-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&D1=a&D2=0,10,20,30,40,50,60,(l-1),l&HD=130605-0924&HDR=G1&STB=T; retrieved: 22 August 2015; publisher: Statistics Netherlands.</ref><ul><li>2013</li></ul></li> <li>10,026,773<ref name="wikidata-a320e0a81aa82b19d4b7f1b9e71f39c153da28ab-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&D1=a&D2=0,10,20,30,40,50,60,(l-1),l&HD=130605-0924&HDR=G1&STB=T; retrieved: 22 August 2015; publisher: Statistics Netherlands.</ref><ul><li>1950</li></ul></li> <li>17,000,000<ref name="wikidata-928a3addb389f1dc02548a71c7d09a2a7f8ba2f9-v3">http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2016/nederland-telt-17-miljoen-inwoners.htm.</ref><ul><li>21 March 2016</li></ul></li> <li>17,132,854<ref name="wikidata-b9afa65b0872528113472db065673a53e65e8a2f-v3">https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL; ''World Bank Open Data''; retrieved: 8 April 2019.</ref><ul><li>2017</li></ul></li> <li>17,181,084<ref name="wikidata-6fec2588a9340c9877ba4ab2916567f018ea0986-v3">https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37296ned/table?ts=1560596956049.</ref><ul><li>1 January 2018</li></ul></li></ul> | Returns the output in a custom format. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''qualifier'''|normal+|Q55|P1082|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :2019; 26 August 2014; 2013; 1950; 21 March 2016; 2017; 1 January 2018 | Gets a single qualifier per claim, by default for multiple matching claims. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|qualifier|normal+|'''single'''|Q55|P1082|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :2019 | To get a single qualifier for only a single claim, give the <code>single</code> flag too so that only a single claim will be accessed. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|qualifier|Q55|P1082|'''16829289'''|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :26 August 2014 | Gets a qualifier from claims for which the (raw) property value matches a given literal value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|qualifier|'''mdy'''|Q55|P1082|16829289|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :August 26, 2014 | Gets dates in month-day-year order. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population", P585 = "point in time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|qualifier|'''raw'''|Q55|P1082|16829289|P585|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :2014-08-26 | Gets a raw date value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''references'''|Q55|P1082|'''16829289'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :<ref name="wikidata-cea8d68b073c3e015eb19fca29cfdd632fc42c65-v3">http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&LA=NL; retrieved: 26 August 2014.</ref> | Gets the references from a particular claim. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1082 = "population"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''references'''|'''raw'''|Q55|P1082|'''16829289'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=37296ned&LA=NL; retrieved: 26 August 2014. | Gets references from a particular claim in their raw form. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P1081|P1081]] = "Human Development Index"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''references'''|normal+|Q55|P1081|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :0.922,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.787, 0.799, 0.829,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref><ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.861,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.877,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.891,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.909,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.919,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.920,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.920,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.834,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.835,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.839,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.864,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.866,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.865,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.867,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.870,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.876,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.879,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.878,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.883,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.886,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.897,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.904,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.906,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.906,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.910,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.921,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.921,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.923,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.924,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.926,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.928,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.931<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> | Gets properties from each claim with any references they have. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1081 = "Human Development Index"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|references|normal+|'''sourced'''|Q55|P1081|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :0.922,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.829,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref><ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.861,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.877,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.891,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.909,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.919,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.920,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.920,<ref name="wikidata-b390d962385d11d1a0d3d91d37b0d2bab9340356-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/NLD.</ref> 0.834,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.835,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.839,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.864,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.866,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.865,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.867,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.870,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.876,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.879,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.878,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.883,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.886,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.897,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.904,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.906,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.906,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.910,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.921,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.921,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.923,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.924,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.926,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.928,<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> 0.931<ref name="wikidata-f8bd5a2dc99b1b77fa36f065ae4c79b3eb476ef0-v3">http://hdr.undp.org/en/data; ''[[Human Development Report]]''.</ref> | Only gets properties from claims that have at least one reference. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P2855|P2855]] = "VAT-rate", [[d:Property:P518|P518]] = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''qualifier'''|Q55|P2855|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :food | Gets a single qualifier value (for each matching claim). |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2855 = "VAT-rate", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''qualifiers'''|Q55|P2855|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :food, medication, assistive technology, magazine, book, art, antique, hairdresser, hotel, campsite, recreation, sport, water | Gets multiple qualifier values (for each matching claim). |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2855 = "VAT-rate", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''properties'''|qualifiers|Q55|P2855|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :21%, 6% <span style="font-size:85%">(food, medication, assistive technology, magazine, book, art, antique, hairdresser, hotel, campsite, recreation, sport, water)</span> | Gets multiple property values along with multiple qualifier values. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2855 = "VAT-rate", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}], [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifiers|Q55|P2855|P518|'''sep{{=}}_+_'''|'''sep%s{{=}}'''|'''sep%q{{=}}_/_'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :21% + 6% <span style="font-size:85%">(food / medication / assistive technology / magazine / book / art / antique / hairdresser / hotel / campsite / recreation / sport / water)</span> | Returns the output with custom separators. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P35|P35]] = "head of state", [[d:Property:P580|P580]] = "start time", [[d:Property:P582|P582]] = "end time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''qualifier'''|'''qualifier'''|normal+|Q55|P35|'''P580'''|'''P582'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 2013)</span>, Beatrix of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 1980; 30 April 2013)</span>, Juliana of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(4 September 1948; 30 April 1980)</span>, Wilhelmina of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(23 November 1890; 4 September 1948)</span>, William III of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(17 March 1849; 23 November 1890)</span>, William II of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(7 October 1840; 17 March 1849)</span>, William I of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(16 March 1815; 7 October 1840)</span> | Gets two different qualifier values for each claim. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P35 = "head of state", P580 = "start time", P582 = "end time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|qualifier|normal+|Q55|P35|P580|P582|'''sep%q{{=}}_–_'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 2013)</span>, Beatrix of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 1980 – 30 April 2013)</span>, Juliana of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(4 September 1948 – 30 April 1980)</span>, Wilhelmina of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)</span>, William III of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890)</span>, William II of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(7 October 1840 – 17 March 1849)</span>, William I of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(16 March 1815 – 7 October 1840)</span> | Returns the output with a custom separator. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P35 = "head of state", P580 = "start time", P582 = "end time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|qualifier|normal+|Q55|P35|P580|P582|'''<nowiki>format=%p[ <span style="font-size:85\%">(%q1[ – %q2])</span>][%s][%r]</nowiki>'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 2013)</span>, Beatrix of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(30 April 1980 – 30 April 2013)</span>, Juliana of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(4 September 1948 – 30 April 1980)</span>, Wilhelmina of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)</span>, William III of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890)</span>, William II of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(7 October 1840 – 17 March 1849)</span>, William I of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(16 March 1815 – 7 October 1840)</span> | Returns the output in a custom format instead of with a custom separator. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P35 = "head of state", P580 = "start time", P582 = "end time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|qualifier|normal+|Q55|P35|P580|P582|<nowiki>format=%p[ <span style="font-size:85\%">(</nowiki>'''<nowiki>[<![]--%q2]since [%q2--[]>]</nowiki>'''<nowiki>%q1[ – %q2])</span>][%s][%r]</nowiki>|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(since 30 April 2013)</span>, Beatrix of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--30 April 2013since 30 April 2013-->30 April 1980 – 30 April 2013)</span>, Juliana of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--30 April 1980since 30 April 1980-->4 September 1948 – 30 April 1980)</span>, Wilhelmina of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--4 September 1948since 4 September 1948-->23 November 1890 – 4 September 1948)</span>, William III of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--23 November 1890since 23 November 1890-->17 March 1849 – 23 November 1890)</span>, William II of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--17 March 1849since 17 March 1849-->7 October 1840 – 17 March 1849)</span>, William I of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(<!--7 October 1840since 7 October 1840-->16 March 1815 – 7 October 1840)</span> | To add text only when a certain value is not present, like adding the word ''since'' if there is no end time, wrap it in between two optional blocks containing HTML comment tags and the relevant parameter (this also prevents the text from being added to the page source). |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P35 = "head of state", [[d:Q29574|Q29574]] = "Beatrix of the Netherlands", P580 = "start time", P582 = "end time"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|time}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifier|'''raw'''|qualifier|normal+|Q55|P35|'''Q29574'''|P580|P582|<nowiki>format=%p[ <span style="font-size:85\%">(%q1[ – %q2])</span>][%s][%r]</nowiki>|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Beatrix of the Netherlands <span style="font-size:85%">(1980-04-30 – 30 April 2013)</span> | Gets a property with qualifiers from claims for which the property matches a given Q-identifier, with one of the qualifier values in its raw form. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P38|P38]] = "currency", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifiers|normal+|'''current'''|Q55|P38|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :euro <span style="font-size:85%">(European Netherlands)</span>, United States dollar <span style="font-size:85%">(Caribbean Netherlands)</span> | Gets claims that are currently valid. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''linked'''|qualifiers|normal+|current|Q55|P38|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[Euro|euro]] <span style="font-size:85%">(European Netherlands)</span>, [[United States dollar]] <span style="font-size:85%">(Caribbean Netherlands)</span> | Gets claims with linked property values. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|qualifiers|'''linked'''|normal+|current|Q55|P38|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :euro <span style="font-size:85%">(European Netherlands)</span>, United States dollar <span style="font-size:85%">([[Caribbean Netherlands]])</span> | Gets claims with linked qualifier values. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''linked'''|'''short'''|qualifiers|'''linked'''|normal+|current|Q55|P38|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[Euro|euro]] <span style="font-size:85%">(European Netherlands)</span>, [[United States dollar|US dollar]] <span style="font-size:85%">([[Caribbean Netherlands]])</span> | Gets claims with linked property and qualifier values, with short property values wherever available. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency", [[d:Q4917|Q4917]] = "United States dollar", P518 = "applies to part"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|qualifiers|normal+|current|Q55|P38|'''Q4917'''|P518|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Caribbean Netherlands | Gets qualifiers from claims for which the (raw) property value matches a given Q-identifier. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency", P518 = "applies to part", [[d:Q27561|Q27561]] = "Caribbean Netherlands"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|normal+|current|Q55|P38|'''P518{{=}}Q27561'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :United States dollar | Gets properties from claims for which a (raw) qualifier value matches a given Q-identifier. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|normal+|'''former'''|Q55|P38|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Dutch guilder | Gets claims that were valid in the past. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|'''raw'''|normal+|former|Q55|P38|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Q788472 | Gets raw property values. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P38 = currency"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|raw|'''linked'''|normal+|former|Q55|P38|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[d:Q788472|Q788472]] | Gets raw property values that are linked to Wikidata. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P1549|P1549]] = "demonym"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|monolingual text}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q55|P1549|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Dutch | Gets a monolingual text value in the current wiki's language. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P1549 = "demonym", [[d:Property:P407|P407]] = "language of work or name", [[d:Q36846|Q36846]] = "Toki Pona"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|monolingual text}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''multilanguage'''|Q55|P1549|P407{{=}}Q36846|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :jan Netelan | Gets a monolingual text value in any available language. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P2884|P2884]] = "mains voltage"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q55|P2884|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :230 volt | Gets a quantity value with its associated unit of measurement. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2884 = "mains voltage"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''linked'''|Q55|P2884|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :230 [[Volt|volt]] | Gets a quantity value with a linked unit of measurement. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2884 = "mains voltage"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''raw'''|Q55|P2884|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :230 | Gets a raw quantity value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2884 = "mains voltage"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''unit'''|Q55|P2884|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :volt | Gets only the unit of measurement. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P2884 = "mains voltage"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|quantity}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|unit|'''raw'''|Q55|P2884|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Q25250 | Gets the raw unit of measurement. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P625|P625]] = "coordinate location"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|globe coordinate}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q55|P625|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :52°19'N, 5°33'E | Gets a globe coordinate value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P625 = "coordinate location"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|globe coordinate}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''linked'''|Q55|P625|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=en&params=52_19_N_5_33_E_globe:earth 52°19'N, 5°33'E] | Gets a linked globe coordinate value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P625 = "coordinate location"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|globe coordinate}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''raw'''|Q55|P625|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :52/19/N/5/33/E | Gets a raw globe coordinate value. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P625 = "coordinate location"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|globe coordinate}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q55|'''coord'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :52°19'N, 5°33'E | A property alias can be used instead of the P-identifier. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", [[d:Property:P41|P41]] = "flag image"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|commons media}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''linked'''|Q55|P41|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[c:File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|Flag of the Netherlands.svg]] | Gets a media file name and links to it on Commons. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P41 = "flag image"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|commons media}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''raw'''|Q55|P41|'''<nowiki>format=\[\[File:%p {{!}} thumb {{!}} left\]\]</nowiki>'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg{{!}} thumb {{!}} left]] | A Commons media file can be included on the page as-is by omitting the <code>linked</code> and <code>raw</code> flags, but by using the <code>raw</code> flag it can be freely formatted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P41 = "flag image"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|commons media}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|raw|'''date{{=}}1700-05-06'''|Q55|P41|<nowiki>format=\[\[File:%p {{!}} thumb {{!}} left\]\]</nowiki>|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[File:Statenvlag.svg{{!}} thumb {{!}} left]] | To get the value of a property that was valid at a given time, the <code>date=</code> argument can be used. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands", P41 = "flag image"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|commons media}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|raw|date{{=}}1700-05-06|'''former'''|Q55|P41|<nowiki>format=\[\[File:%p {{!}} thumb {{!}} left\]\]</nowiki>|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[File:Prinsenvlag.svg{{!}} thumb {{!}} left]] | The time constraint flags work relatively to the date value given for the <code>date=</code> argument. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q915684|Q915684]] = "Lorentz–Lorenz equation", [[d:Property:P2534|P2534]] = "defining formula"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|math}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|Q915684|P2534|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :<math qid="Q915684">\frac{n^2 - 1}{n^2 + 2} = \frac{4 \pi}{3} N \alpha</math> | Gets a mathematical expression. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q915684 = "Lorentz–Lorenz equation", [[d:Property:P527|P527]] = "has part", [[d:Property:P416|P416]] = "quantity symbol (string)", P2534 = "defining formula"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}], [{{smallcaps|string}}], [{{smallcaps|math}}] | <code><nowiki><ul></nowiki>{{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|properties|linked|qualifier|qualifier|Q915684|P527|P416|P2534|<nowiki>format=<li>%p[ (%q)]</li></nowiki>|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<nowiki></ul></nowiki></code><br /> :↓<br /> :<ul><li>[[Refractive index|refractive index]] (n)</li> <li>[[Polarizability|polarizability]] (<math qid="Q915684">\alpha</math>)</li> <li>[[Number density|number density]] (N)</li> <li>[[Pi|pi]] (<math qid="Q915684">\pi</math>)</li></ul> | Mathematical expressions can be combined with regular text as usual. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q6256|Q6256]] = "country", [[d:Property:P3896|P3896]] = "geoshape"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|geographic shape}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|'''linked'''|Q6256|P3896|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[c:Data:Naturalearthdata.com/admin-0-countries-no-antarctica.map|Data:Naturalearthdata.com/admin-0-countries-no-antarctica.map]] | Gets a geographic shape data file name and links to it on Commons. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q4917 = "United States dollar"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''label'''|Q4917|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :United States dollar | Gets an item's label. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q4917 = "United States dollar"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|'''short'''|'''linked'''|Q4917|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[United States dollar|US dollar]] | Gets an item's short and linked label. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | P38 = currency"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|P38|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :currency | Gets a property's label. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | P38 = currency"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|'''linked'''|P38|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[d:Property:P38|currency]] | Gets a property's label that is linked to Wikidata. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q776|Q776]] = "Utrecht"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|Q776|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Utrecht | Gets an item's label. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q776 = "Utrecht"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|'''linked'''|Q776|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] | Gets an item's linked label. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Utrecht | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Utrecht (province)]] page (which is linked to Q776), then the <code>Q776</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|'''raw'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Q776 | If just the <code>label</code> command with the <code>raw</code> flag is given, then the Q-identifier of the item connected to the current page is returned. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity label}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|label|raw|'''linked'''|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[d:Q776|Q776]] | If additionally the <code>linked</code> flag is given, then the Q-identifier of the item connected to the current page is linked to Wikidata. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q776 = "Utrecht"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page title}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''title'''|Q776|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Utrecht (province) | Gets the title of the page on the current wiki that is linked to the given item. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q776 = "Utrecht"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page title}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|title|'''linked'''|Q776|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[Utrecht (province)]] | Gets the linked title of the page on the current wiki that is linked to the given item. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page title}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|title|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Utrecht (province) | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Utrecht (province)]] page (which is linked to Q776), then the <code>Q776</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity description}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''description'''|Q55|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :country in western Europe | Gets an item's description. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity description}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|description|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :country in western Europe | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Netherlands]] page (which is linked to Q55), then the <code>Q55</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity alias}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''alias'''|Q55|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Holland | Gets one of an item's aliases. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity alias}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''aliases'''|Q55|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Holland, the Netherlands, NL, NED, Nederland, nl, 🇳🇱, Netherlands (after 1945) | Gets all of an item's aliases. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q55 = "Netherlands"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity alias}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|alias|'''linked'''|Q55|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :[[Netherlands|Holland]] | Gets a linked alias from an item. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|entity alias}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|alias|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Holland | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Netherlands]] page (which is linked to Q55), then the <code>Q55</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q2|Q2]] = "Earth"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page badge}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|'''badges'''|Q2|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :featured article badge | Gets the badges for the page on the current wiki that is linked to the given item. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | Q2 = "Earth"<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page badge}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|badges|'''raw'''|Q2|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :Q17437796 | Gets the raw badges for the page on the current wiki that is linked to the given item. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | <br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|page badge}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|badges|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :featured article badge | If the {{lcfirst:{{NAMESPACE}}}} is transcluded on the [[Earth]] page (which is linked to Q2), then the <code>Q2</code> can be omitted. |- | style="color:#777;font-size:small;" | [[d:Q28865|Q28865]] = "Python", [[d:P548|P548]] = "version type", [[d:P348|P348]] = "software version identifier",<br /> :↓<br /> [{{smallcaps|version}}], [{{smallcaps|reference}}] | {{tnull|{{{prename|}}}{{lcfirst:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}|property|reference|edit|Q28865|'''P548{{=}}Q2804309'''|P348|{{{extraparams|}}}}}<br /> :↓<br /> :3.9.1<ref name="wikidata-ba26ae53d9121f3dd8ba5c1091f58b764835bd74-v3">{{Cite web|date=7 December 2020|url=https://pythoninsider.blogspot.com/2020/12/python-391-is-now-available-together.html|title=Python 3.9.1 is now available, together with 3.10.0a3 and 3.8.7rc1|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>&nbsp;[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=Edit this on Wikidata|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865?uselang=en#P348|Edit this on Wikidata]] | Get [[Python (programming language)|Python]]'s latest stable release version with its references. You may want to use '''P548{{=}}Q2122918''' to get the latest preview release version. |} === Example references === {{Reflist}} == TemplateData == <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "This template fetches data from the centralized knowledge base Wikidata. To edit the data, click on \"Wikidata item\" in the left sidebar." } </templatedata> == See also == {{module other|*{{t|Wikidata}}, a user-friendly wrapper template for this module. *{{t|WikidataOI}}, a wrapper template for this module that adds an opt-in toggle.|{{{seealso|}}} *[[Module:Wd]], the source module that is called by this template *{{t|Wikidata entity link}} or redirect {{t|Q}}), to add a Wikidata entity link to a Wikipedia page *{{t|Wikidata property link}} or redirect {{t|Property}}, to add a Wikidata property link to a Wikipedia page *{{t|Wikidata property}}, to add a Wikidata property {{t|side box}} to a Wikipedia page or template documentation *{{t|Uses Wikidata}}, to add a Wikidata property box to the documentation of a template or module *{{t|Tracks Wikidata}}, to add a Wikidata property box to the documentation of a template, module, or category *{{t|Wikidata editnotice}}, an editnotice for articles that make extensive use of this template }} *{{t|Pageid to title}}, to get a page title using its local page id, rather than Wikidata <includeonly><!-- /doc page is transcluded on these two root pages: -->{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}} |Module:Wd = [[Category:Wikidata modules]][[Category:Modules using data from Wikidata]] |Template:WikidataOI |Template:Wikidata = [[Category:Wikidata templates]] }}</includeonly> ftatzxihpw7zxaloay288vuojtuj7wb 10 11727 84819 2022-05-20T04:26:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lua sidebar/styles.css sanitized-css text/css .lua-sidebar { width: auto; max-width: 22em; } hxkspvtmmhihekuzzwicqq4c1jd4hgr 10 11728 84820 2022-05-20T04:26:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dfn wikitext text/x-wiki <dfn {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}} {{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{title|}}}|class="{{#if:{{{2|}}}{{{title|}}}|explain}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|{{{class}}}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}}>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<span title="{{{2}}}">{{{1}}}</span>|{{{1}}}}}</dfn><noinclude> <!--Categories and interwikis go in the /doc subpage.--> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> luvqpiwetgllp79grmkxnuyoyftzgmm 10 11729 84821 2022-05-20T04:26:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dfn/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> ==Usage== This template applies the [[HTML element#Phrase elements|HTML phrase element]] <code>&lt;dfn&gt;</code> around the text given as the first parameter, the <var>term</var>, and, if the optional second <var>definition</var> parameter is present, applies a dotted underline (a common style throughout the Web for indicating a term with a definition feature) and a definition pop-up "[[tool tip]]" when cursor focus is on the term. Without the second parameter, it does not do anything user-facing, and is just a form of meta-data that can be detected and acted upon by internal and external software (statistics-gathering bots, rich Web 2.0 applications, etc.), and can provide valuable contextual information to editors. It is used as a meta-template by some other templates. When used by itself, its most common purpose would be around a term '''boldfaced''' in an article and immediately defined there such as a key piece of terminology introduced after the lead section. [[WP:NOT#DICT|Wikipedia is not a dictionary]], so this template should not be used to draw metadata attention to everyday words, and is best suited in spots where there is a short definition or clarification of jargon that is important in the context. (Tech detail: By using an internal {{tag|span}} with its own independent <code>title</code> attribute for tool tip fun, it sets this up in a way that does not violate the HTML 5 specification on the handing of the <code>title</code> attribute of {{tag|dfn|o}}, which is the exact term defined, not its definition.) ===Purpose and application=== This markup indicates that the text is the ''defining instance'' of that term (word, phrase, name, etc.) on the page in which it appears. Thus it should be used only once per term per page. [[WP:NOT#DICT|Wikipedia is not a dictionary]], so this template should not be used to provide definitions for everyday words at all, and is best suited for short definition or clarification of jargon that is important in the context but unlikely to be fully understood by all of our general readership. The template can be adapted to most directly editable cases in which the <code>&lt;dfn&gt;</code> element would be useful. Because the <var>definition</var> parameter's content is [[WP:ACCESSIBILITY|not readily accessible]] to users of most if not all [[screen reader]] software, text-only browsers, mobile phone browsers, etc., the second parameter should never be used to provide information vital to understanding the article subject, only convenient or augmenting for those who can access it; vital information belongs in the main article prose. This template should not be used for marking up [[MOS:GLOSSARIES|glossary]] entries or links to them; see {{tl|term}} and {{tl|glossary link}} instead, respectively. Likewise, this template should not be used to mark up the bold-faced article subject in the lead; [it is anticipated that] another template, [name forthcoming, probably Template:Subject], is [to be created to be] used for this purpose, including the needed bold-facing and [perhaps] other markup and metadata features. This is [[Semantic HTML|semantic markup]], not simply presentational style, and has a particular, pre-defined meaning; do not misuse this template just to get its display effects. If the content being marked up is not suitable for the <code>&lt;dfn&gt;</code> element as defined by the W3C HTML specifications, then you should not use this template. ===Parameters=== There are two basic parameters, the mandatory first parameter, the <var>term</var>, and the optional second one, the <var>definition</var>: :{{tlx|dfn|<var>term</var>}} :{{tlx|dfn|<var>term</var>|<var>definition</var>}} If the <var>definition</var> parameter is supplied and the reader's browser supports the functionality, moving browser focus to the term (e.g., hovering the mouse cursor over it, or in some browsers using keyboard navigation to tab to it) will change the cursor to the "help" version (usually a question mark) and bring up the definition text in a pop-up tool tip (or some other interface, as provided by the browser in question). Without a second parameter, no such underlining and tool tip effects occur. It is safest to explicitly number them, but this is only absolutely required if the content contains an equals sign somewhere: :{{bxt|{{tnull|dfn|1{{=}}<var>term</var>|2{{=}}<var>definition</var>}}}} :{{bxt|{{tnull|dfn|<var>term</var>|2{{=}}<var>definition</var>}}}} &ndash; this works if only the <var>definition</var> has a "=" in it. :{{!bxt|{{tnull|dfn|1{{=}}<var>term</var>|<var>definition</var>}}}} &ndash; this fails; if parameter 1 is numbered, so must be parameter 2 If no <var>definition</var> is provided, the template is invisible: :{{tnull|dfn|ecdysis|moulting of the exoskeleton}}&nbsp; results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|ecdysis|moulting of the exoskeleton}} :<code><nowiki>{{dfn|ecdysis}}, the moulting of the exoskeleton</nowiki></code>&nbsp; results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|ecdysis}}, the moulting of the exoskeleton :<code><nowiki>[[Ecdysis|{{dfn|ecdysis}}]]</nowiki></code>&nbsp; results in:&nbsp; [[Ecdysis|{{dfn|ecdysis}}]] The "invisible" second and third cases won't be noticed by casual readers, but can still be detected and acted upon by internal and external software (statistics-gathering bots, rich Web 2.0 applications, etc.), and can provide valuable contextual information to editors. The <var>definition</var> parameter is most commonly omitted when the text following the term provides the defining content inline in the prose, or when the term is linked to an explanation elsewhere, as shown above. A common case of this is when an article provides a bold-faced term and an explanation of it, often at the start of a paragraph or section, indicating a significant side-topic in the article, subordinate to the main article subject boldfaced in the lead. ====Other optional parameters==== *{{para|title|<var>exact, plaintext term being defined</var>}} &ndash; used a) when the content in the first parameter (term) contains any wikimarkup or HTML; or b) when the term being defined is actually slightly different from (i.e. more precise than) the marked up content; the true term being defined goes in this parameter. Any double-quotation mark (<code>"</code>) must be escaped, as <code>&amp;quot;</code>.<br />Real-world example: showing imprecise term in text and its precise official name as the {{para|title}}, with escaped quotation marks: {{tnull|dfn|Mac OS X Lion|title{{=}}Mac OS X 10.7 &amp;quot;Lion&amp;quot;}}, which results in: {{dfn|Mac OS X Lion|title=Mac OS X 10.7 &quot;Lion&quot;}} (hover over it to see that tooltip is different from base content)<br /> *{{para|id|<var>an_ID</var>}} &ndash; an ID (no spaces, must begin with alphabetic letter) for #linking and possibly other purposes *{{para|style|<var>arbitrary:css;</var>}} &ndash; CSS directives for custom-styling the instance *{{para|class|<var>css_class</var>}} &ndash; a CSS class or classes (separated by spaces not commas if more than one) ===Problem characters=== If there would be a "<code>=</code>" (equals sign) in the <var>term</var>, either a) <strong>both</strong> unnamed parameters if present must explicitly be numbered: :{{tlx|dfn|1{{=}}E{{=}}MC²|2{{=}}Mass–energy equivalence}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|1=E=MC²|2=Mass–energy equivalence}}<!--It SHOULD be the case that only the first parameter need be named, but this is not true for some reason with this template; test case code {{dfn|1=term|definition}} results in an epic FAIL.--> or b) the character itself can be escaped as the HTML [[character entity reference]] code <code>&amp;#61;</code> or the {{tlx|1==}} template: :{{tlx|dfn|E&amp;#61;MC²|Mass–energy equivalence}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|E&#61;MC²|Mass-energy equivalence}} :{{tlx|dfn|E<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>MC²|Mass–energy equivalence|title{{=}}E{{=}}MC&sup2;}} which results in:&nbsp;{{dfn|E{{=}}MC²|Mass–energy equivalence|title=E=MC&sup2;}} No other characters are known to be problematic in the <var>term</var>. For technical reasons, the second parameter ({{para|2}}, the <var>definition</var>) is more "brittle". The equals sign (<code>=</code>) <strong>must</strong> be escaped by one of the techniques just mentioned, {{em|and}} the standard keyboard (straight, not curly) double-quotation mark (<code>"</code>) <strong>must</strong> also be escaped, no matter what, as <code>&amp;quot;</code> or <code>&amp;#34;</code>. This double-quote <strong>must</strong> also be escaped the same way in the {{para|title}} parameter: :{{tlx|dfn|1{{=}}ACT UP's slogan|2{{=}}&amp;quot;Silence {{=}} Death&amp;quot;}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|1=ACT UP's slogan|2=&quot;Silence = Death&quot;}} :{{tlx|dfn|ACT UP's slogan|&amp;quot;Silence <nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki> Death&amp;quot;}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|ACT UP's slogan|&quot;Silence {{=}} Death&quot;}} :{{tlx|dfn|ACT UP's slogan|&amp;quot;Silence &amp;#61; Death&amp;quot;}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|ACT UP's slogan|&quot;Silence &#61; Death&quot;}} :{{tlx|dfn|"Teenage Wasteland"<nowiki>{{sic}}</nowiki>|title{{=}}&amp;quot;Baba O'Riley&amp;quot;}} which results in:&nbsp; {{dfn|"Teenage Wasteland"{{sic}}|title=&quot;Baba O'Riley&quot;}} === Links and markup === Linking and wikimarkup should be done {{em|outside}} the template when possible: * Right: <code>{{bxt|<nowiki>'''[[Foo|{{dfn|Foo}}]]'''</nowiki>}}</code> * Wrong: <code>{{!bxt|<nowiki>{{dfn|'''[[Foo]]'''}}</nowiki>}}</code> The <var>term</var> content in the first parameter {{em|can}} be marked up with wikimarkup or HTML, at the <code>inline</code> level, such as italics, superscript other text-formatting code (versus <code>block</code>-level elements, such as paragraphs, tables, block quotations, and so on), if absolutely necessary. {{em|If this is done, the {{para|title}} parameter {{strong|must}} contain the un-marked-up, plaintext term.}} Example: The displayed text (first parameter) uses superscript markup, for accessibility reasons, while the real plaintext in the title parameter uses a Unicode character entity (doesn't count as wikimarkup) for a superscripted 2, which is actually more correct but may not display properly on older systems: :<code><nowiki>{{dfn|1=E=MC²|title=E=MC&amp;sup2;}}</nowiki></code> yields: :{{dfn|1=E=MC²|title=E=MC&sup2;}} while this: :<code><nowiki>{{dfn|1=E=MC²|2=Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title=E=MC&amp;sup2;}}</nowiki></code> gives: :{{dfn|1=E=MC²|2=Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title=E=MC&sup2;}} Note that in the first case, the mouse hover tooltip is the Unicode version of the <var>term</var>, as given in the {{para|title}}, while in the latter it is the <var>definition</var> given in the {{para|2}} parameter. Linked version: :<code>[<nowiki />[Mass–energy equivalence|{{tnull|dfn|1{{=}}E{{=}}MC²|2{{=}}Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title{{=}}E{{=}}MC&amp;sup2;}}]<nowiki />]</code> gives: :[[Mass–energy equivalence|{{dfn|1=E=MC²|2=Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title=E=MC&sup2;}}]] It still has a dotted underline indicating a tooltip, but is also a bluelink. Mouse hovering shows both the tooltip and, in the status bar, the target URL, in browsers that support these features. Link inside the {{tnull|dfn}}: :{{tnull|dfn|1{{=}}[<nowiki />[Mass–energy equivalence{{!}}E{{=}}MC²]<nowiki />]|2{{=}}Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title{{=}}E{{=}}MC&amp;sup2;}} results in: :{{dfn|1=[[Mass–energy equivalence|E=MC²]]|2=Mass&ndash;energy equivalence; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum|title=E=MC&sup2;}} This doesn't mess up the page, but the <var>definition</var> fails and there's no tooltip cursor, meanwhile the markup is hard for other editors to understand anyway so it is {{strongbad|deprecated}}. Links, HTML, wikimarkup, and other markup <strong>cannot</strong> be applied to content in the {{para|2}} (<var>definition</var>) parameter, nor in a {{para|title}} parameter, only plain text and character entity references ("&-codes", like <code>&amp;quot;</code>). === Anchors and id === Example where an {{tl|anchor}} is added. Because <code>2=</code> is missing, no text appears when the mouse hovers over the newly defined term "<code>open set</code>". :<code><nowiki>An {{em|{{dfn|1=open set|id=dfn-anchorname open set}}}} is defined as ...<br/><br/> This makes it an example of an [[#dfn-anchorname open set|open set]].</nowiki></code> results in: :An {{em|{{dfn|1=open set|id=dfn-anchorname open set}}}} is defined as ...<br/><br/> This makes it an example of an [[#dfn-anchorname open set|open set]]. Contrast to the alternative that uses the {{tl|visible anchor}} template: :<code><nowiki>An {{em|{{visible anchor|open set}}}} is defined as ...<br/><br/> This makes it an example of an [[#open set|open set]].</nowiki></code> which results in: :An {{em|{{visible anchor|open set}}}} is defined as ...<br/><br/> This makes it an example of an [[#open set|open set]]. Note that clicking on the "[[#open set|open set]]" link results in the text being highlighted. == See also == * {{tl|dfni}} is a wrapper for {{tl|dfn}} that applies italics for [[MOS:TECHNICAL]] uses * Related to {{tl|glossary link}}, a variant for use with [[MOS:GLOSSARIES|stand-alone and embedded glossaries]] * {{tl|abbr}} * {{tl|tooltip}} * Not to be confused with {{tl|defn}} (but see the related glossary templates {{tl|glossary}}, {{tl|glossary end}} and especially {{tl|term}}; the last of these also makes use of the <code>dfn</code> HTML element) <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Wikipedia XHTML tag-replacing templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Semantic markup templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ce0qgcysoupze75gjtompybl9q4mzez 10 11730 84822 2022-05-20T04:27:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Background color wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="background-color: {{{c|{{{1|}}}}}}">{{{t|{{{2|}}}}}}</span>{{Main other|{{Ensure AAA contrast ratio|base={{{c|{{{1|}}}}}}|other={{{t|{{{2|}}}}}}|category=[[Category:Articles using Template:Background color with invalid colour combination]]}}}}{{Template other|{{Ensure AAA contrast ratio|base={{{c|{{{1|}}}}}}|other={{{t|{{{2|}}}}}}|category=[[Category:Articles using Template:Background color with invalid colour combination]]}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> a6icqbya5pat86sieqyc56qv3r9ymwv 10 11731 84823 2022-05-20T04:27:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Background color/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{template shortcut|Bg}} == Usage == <pre>{{Background color|<color>|<text>}}</pre> [[Web colors]] provides a list of colors which can be used. Simple colors, like black, blue, red, green, etc. can just be spelled out. Alternatively, colors can be specified using either RGB or hex notation. == Examples == * <code>{{tlx|Background color|red|Hello, world!}}</code> results in {{Background color|red|Hello, world!}} * <code>{{tlx|Background color|#00F000|Hello, world!}}</code> results in {{Background color|#00F000|Hello, world!}} == Tracking category == * {{clc|Articles using Template:Background color with invalid colour combination}} == Supporting template == * {{tl|Ensure AAA contrast ratio}} == See also == * {{tl|Color}} – sets text color only * {{tl|Font color}} – sets both text and background color * {{tl|coltit}} — colored table header cell * {{tl|Color contrast ratio}} * {{tl|Hilite}} – sets background color, with an optional expiry date * {{tl|Resize}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Text color templates]] [[Category:Color templates]]<!--as this template might be used without text--> [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> b6fmseo99nnhxnwzr49sp61xzeqdfcv 10 11732 84824 2022-05-20T04:27:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ensure AAA contrast ratio wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{base|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Color contrast|ratio|{{{base}}}|{{{other|}}}|error=21}} < 7 OR {{#invoke:Color contrast|ratio|{{{base}}}|black|error=0}} < 7 AND {{#invoke:Color contrast|ratio|{{{base}}}|white|error=0}} < 7|{{{category|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> thvg1zc4vzn6yvyb0zfry8s1v9a3kbj 10 11733 84825 2022-05-20T04:28:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ensure AAA contrast ratio/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|19618}} {{Lua|Module:Color contrast}} This template checks for compliance with [http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20140916/G17 WCAG G17], i.e. that a background–foreground colour combination has got a contrast ratio of more than 7:1. It takes two arguments, the <code>base</code> colour value, and the tracking category, <code>category</code>, to place non-compliant transclusions in. A third parameter, <code>other</code>, is optional; the template will by default calculate the contrast ratio against black and white, on the assumption that it is used in conjunction with {{tl|Greater color contrast ratio}}. == Examples == * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=navy|category=Test}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=navy|other=|category=Test}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=navy|other=navy|category=Test}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=red|category=Test}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=#CC5500|category=Test}} * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|base=asdf|category=Test}} == Templates implementing Ensure AAA contrast ratio == Templates and the associated tracking categories, {{as of|lc=yes|June 2019}}: * {{tl|Australian television episode ratings}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Australian television episode ratings with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Background color}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Background color with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Infobox athletics race}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Infobox athletics race with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Infobox character}} * {{tl|Infobox fictional family}} * {{tl|Infobox fictional race}} * {{tl|Infobox fictional vehicle}} ** {{clc|Articles using infoboxes for fictional elements with invalid color combination}} * {{tl|Infobox comic strip}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Infobox comic strip with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Infobox music genre}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Infobox music genre with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Infobox television season}} ** {{clc|Pages using infobox television season with invalid colour combination}} * {{tl|Infobox train}} ** {{clc|Articles using Template:Infobox train with invalid colour combination}} == See also == * {{tl|Ensure AA contrast ratio}} * {{tl|Greater color contrast ratio}} * {{section link|Template:Color contrast conformance|HTML colors}} * {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility|Color}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Color conversion templates]] }}</includeonly> hvf6o1z3fy1fpbbzkblurusc9c24v8j 10 11734 84827 84826 2022-05-20T04:30:09Z BevoLJ 10818 fix: Inyandikorugero:Sic wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Display the first two default parameters unless ? -->{{#ifeq:{{{1|?}}}|?|{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}}}<!-- Display options for [sic] linked, unlinked(default) or hidden. -->{{#if:{{{hide|}}}||&#32;&#91;''{{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|sic|[[sic]]}}{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|?|?}}''&#93;}}<!-- Categorisation options. Currently disabled - see [[Help talk:CS1 errors/Archive 1#%7B%7Bsic%7C?%7Cnolink=y%7D%7D]] --><!--{{#ifeq:{{{1|}}}|?|{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:Articles containing possible transcription errors]]}}}}--><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> nmckqd1k8235nre979wktgk46j39hjs 10 11735 84828 2022-05-20T04:30:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sic/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{For |more information on the notation itself|Sic}} {{For | information on when to use templates related to this one instead |Template:Not a typo}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{COinS safe|n}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. --> You can use this template to easily insert a "[sic]" notation. This notation is placed after a point in a quotation that, in ''both'' the original text and its quotation in an article, contains either an actual textual error or text that ''appears'' to be an error—the problematic text must have been faithfully reproduced as it appears in the original source for using ''sic'' to be correct. This usage clarifies that the source of text that might otherwise be taken as an [[Transcription error|error of transcription]]. However, it isn't always the best idea to recreate a quote perfectly. Note that [[MOS:QUOTE]] says that "'''insignificant spelling and typographic errors should simply be silently corrected.'''" *By default, this template links to the article ''[[Sic]]'' for the benefit of readers, but this default is disabled if the {{para|nolink|y}} parameter is added. When the template is used within the displayed anchor text (right-hand visible portion) of an internal link (aka a wikilink) or external link, this parameter is essential to prevent incorrect formatting, as the link will be truncated otherwise. Linking to the ''[[Sic]]'' article may be undesirable in certain other cases, for example when the template is used many times close together. *Additional unnamed parameters can be used to obfuscate spelling errors in quoted material in the wiki-text of a page, to help prevent automated or semi-automated correction by bot or human editors, which (although done in good faith) would be undesirable. In these cases, split the intentionally misspelled word or other character string into two parts and use them as the first two parameters of the template, and ''replace'' the original with the template: {{nowrap|<code><nowiki>He said "{{sic|Irrega|rdless}}..."</nowiki></code>}} will display as {{nowrap|<code>He said "{{sic|Irrega|rdless}}..."</code>}} *The template can be used with a <code>{{para||?}}</code> question mark parameter to mark situations where the correctness or incorrectness of an apparent error cannot readily be determined. If this feature is used in conjunction with the obfuscation feature above, <code>{{para||?}}</code> '''must''' come first: <code><nowiki>He said "{{sic|?|Irrega|rdless}}..."</nowiki></code> Examples of use cases: **The quoted source might not be available online, or not without a paid subscription, etc. **A quoted passage contains a spelling error but is ambiguous as to whether the statement was originally printed this way (in which case [''sic''] may be appropriate), or spoken aloud (in which case the typo should be corrected). #<code>...his April 1992 interview with the Dolly Llama <nowiki>{{sic}}</nowiki>...</code> #:yields: #::...his April 1992 interview with the Dolly Llama {{sic}}... #<code><nowiki>...spokesperson stated that "rescue efforts have been suspnded {{sic|?}} until further notice"...</nowiki></code> #:yields: #::...spokesperson stated that "rescue efforts have been suspnded {{sic|?}} until further notice"... #:This is used because the context does not make it clear whether the spelling error was made by the spokesperson (in a written statement), or by a reporter (listening to the spokesperson speak). ==Template data== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template simplifies insertion of the \"[sic]\" notation, which is used where a textual error, or unexpected but intended text that may appear to be an error, has been faithfully reproduced from the original source. Note that MOS:QUOTE says: \"trivial spelling and typographic errors should simply be corrected without comment... unless the slip is textually important.\"", "params": { "1": { "description": "May contain a word fragment or a question mark. To display [sic?] and indicate doubt, put a question mark here, and put the word fragment in parameter 2. Otherwise, put the word fragment here.", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "description": "A word fragment goes here.", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "A word fragment goes here.", "type": "string" }, "hide": { "label": "Remove [sic]?", "description": "Set to y to remove the label [sic] altogether; the template may still be used to prevent automated or human editors from correcting the word.", "type": "string" }, "nolink": { "label": "Remove link?", "description": "Set to y to remove the link to the article on \"sic\". The purpose of the link is to explain the template to readers, but it may be awkward if the template is placed in a link.", "type": "string" }, "expected": { "label": "A comment to editors", "description": "Will not display; may contain some explanation for future editors.", "type": "string" } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==Controlling display ({{para|nolink|y}} and {{para|hide|y}})== To suppress the link but keep the [''sic'']: :<code><nowiki>*[http://www.example.org/document_1.htm "{{sic|Conc|encus|nolink=y}} can Change!"]</nowiki></code> ::yields: ::*[http://www.example.org/document_1.htm "{{sic|Conc|encus|nolink=y}} can Change!"] Use {{tlx|sic|hide&#61;y|<var>word or phrase</var>}} to avoid the display of sic altogether but still get the other benefits of the template. As with obfuscation, above, ''replace'' the original material that is now inside the template with the template itself, and the nolink and obfuscation features can be combined: :<code><nowiki>He said "{{sic|hide=y|Irrega|rdless}}..."</nowiki></code> ::yields: ::He said "{{sic|hide=y|Irrega|rdless}}..." Note: It is pointless to specify both <code>nolink</code> and <code>hide</code>, since one is a display feature, but the other disables display. ==Documenting the problem== If the misspelling is an unusual one, it may be helpful to include an "expected" parameter: {{tlx|sic|<var>incorrect word or phrase</var>|expected&#61;<var>expected word or phrase</var>}}. This has no effect on the rendered page, but may assist later editors. ==Simple examples== *Normal use: {{Tlx|sic|templte}} yields: {{sic|templte}} *Obfuscating: {{Tlx|sic|tem|plte}} yields: {{sic|tem|plte}} *Unlinked: {{Tlx|sic|nolink{{=}}y|templte}} yields: {{sic|nolink=y|templte}} *Hidden: {{Tlx|sic|hide{{=}}y|templte}} yields: {{sic|hide=y|templte}} *Query: {{Tlx|sic|?|templte}} yields: {{sic|?|templte}} *Explained: {{Tlx|sic|templte|expected{{=}}template}} yields: {{sic|templte|expected=template}} ==Compound examples== *Unlinked and obfuscated: {{Tlx|sic|nolink{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|nolink=y|temp|lte}} *Hidden and obfuscated: {{Tlx|sic|hide{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|hide=y|temp|lte}} *Query and obfuscated: {{Tlx|sic|?|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|?|temp|lte}} *Explained and unlinked: {{Tlx|sic|templte|nolink{{=}}y|expected{{=}}template}} yields: {{sic|templte|nolink=y|expected=template}} *Query and unlinked: {{Tlx|sic|?|nolink{{=}}y|templte}} yields: {{sic|?|nolink=y|templte}} *Unlinked and hidden ("unlinked" portion has no effect): {{Tlx|sic|nolink{{=}}y|hide{{=}}y|templte}} yields: {{sic|nolink=y|hide=y|templte}} *Unlinked, hidden and query ("unlinked" portion has no effect): {{Tlx|sic|?|nolink{{=}}y|hide{{=}}y|templte}} yields: {{sic|?|nolink=y|hide=y|templte}} *Unlinked, query and obfuscated: {{Tlx|sic|?|nolink{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|?|nolink=y|temp|lte}} *Unlinked, hidden and obfuscated ("unlinked" portion has no effect): {{Tlx|sic|nolink{{=}}y|hide{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|nolink=y|hide=y|temp|lte}} *Hidden, query and obfuscated: {{Tlx|sic|?|hide{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|?|hide=y|temp|lte}} *Unlinked, hidden, query and obfuscated ("unlinked" portion has no effect): {{Tlx|sic|?|nolink{{=}}y|hide{{=}}y|temp|lte}} yields: {{sic|?|nolink=y|hide=y|temp|lte}} == See also == * {{tl|Bracket}} * {{tl|Quote}} * {{tl|Lang}} * {{tl|Not a typo}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE: --> [[Category:Inline templates]] [[Category:Quotation templates]] [[Category:Typing-aid templates]] }}</includeonly> 49oejjhkjtot4xi2qzno68i9q4hzkxt 10 11736 84829 2022-05-20T04:31:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wpl wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikidata property link]] hnd6qym6gp623hmrowx5b3lbsghmzbj 10 11737 84830 2022-05-20T04:31:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata property link wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{str left|{{uc:{{{id|}}}}}|1}} | N <!--none--> = {{#switch:{{str left|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|1}} | P = [[d:Special:EntityPage/{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{wikidata|label|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}]] | [[d:Special:EntityPage/P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{wikidata|label|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}]] }} | O <!--only--> = {{#switch:{{str left|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|1}} | P = [[d:Special:EntityPage/{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}]] | [[d:Special:EntityPage/P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}]] }} | F <!--first--> = {{#switch:{{str left|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|1}} | P = [[d:Special:EntityPage/{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}]]{{#if:{{wikidata|label|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}|&#58; <small>{{wikidata|label|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}</small>}} | [[d:Special:EntityPage/P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}]]{{#if:{{wikidata|label|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}|&#58; <small>{{wikidata|label|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}}</small>}} }} | #default = {{#switch:{{str left|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|1}} | P = [[d:Special:EntityPage/{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{wikidata|label|{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}} <small>({{uc:{{{1|}}}}})</small>]] | [[d:Special:EntityPage/P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}|{{wikidata|label|P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}}}} <small>(P{{uc:{{{1|}}}}})</small>]] }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> k8jv170qlggs0249fpe48ygwkpgfzbn 10 11738 84831 2022-05-20T04:31:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata property link/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> {{Template shortcut|Prop|Property|wpl|WPL|wdp|WDP|wdpl|WDPL}} '''{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}''' displays a link to [[Wikidata]] property. == Usage examples == ; Standard usage : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123}} ; Leading/trailing whitespace : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} | 123 }}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}} | 123 }} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} | P123 }}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}} | P123 }} ; Lower case : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|p123}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|p123}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}} | p123 }}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}} | p123 }} ; id = n(one) : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=n}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=n}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=none}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=none}} ; id = o(nly) : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=o}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=o}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=only}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=only}} ; id = f(irst) : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=f}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|123|id=f}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=first}}</code> → {{{{BASEPAGENAME}}|P123|id=first}} ; Template shortcuts : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>prop|123}}</code> → {{prop|123}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>property|P123}}</code> → {{property|P123}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>wpl|123}}</code> → {{wpl|123}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>WPL|P123}}</code> → {{WDPL|P123}} == Supporting template and module == * {{tlx|wikidata|label}} which uses {{mlx|wd|label}} == See also == * {{tlx|Wikidata property}} * {{tlx|Wikidata entity link}} * {{tlx|Wikidata URL}} * {{tlx|Label}} * [[d:Template:Property]] * [[c:Template:Property]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Wikidata templates]] }}</includeonly> jkg2p81rivqnrh7mw8w3gd31jzorx3j 10 11739 84832 2022-05-20T04:32:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikidata wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Wd|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> aqnmh4azo4jle51xny4knl3b1hl9873 10 11740 84833 2022-05-20T04:32:44Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:WDPL wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikidata property link]] hnd6qym6gp623hmrowx5b3lbsghmzbj 10 11741 84834 2022-05-20T04:33:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Property wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikidata property link]] hnd6qym6gp623hmrowx5b3lbsghmzbj 10 11742 84835 2022-05-20T04:33:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Prop wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikidata property link]] hnd6qym6gp623hmrowx5b3lbsghmzbj 828 11743 84836 2022-05-20T04:34:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Wd/i18n Scribunto text/plain -- The values and functions in this submodule should be localized per wiki. local p = {} function p.init(aliasesP) p = { ["errors"] = { ["unknown-data-type"] = "Unknown or unsupported datatype '$1'.", ["missing-required-parameter"] = "No required parameters defined, needing at least one", ["extra-required-parameter"] = "Parameter '$1' must be defined as optional", ["no-function-specified"] = "You must specify a function to call", -- equal to the standard module error message ["main-called-twice"] = 'The function "main" cannot be called twice', ["no-such-function"] = 'The function "$1" does not exist' -- equal to the standard module error message }, ["info"] = { ["edit-on-wikidata"] = "Edit this on Wikidata" }, ["numeric"] = { ["decimal-mark"] = ".", ["delimiter"] = "," }, ["datetime"] = { ["prefixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "" }, ["suffixes"] = { ["decade-period"] = "s", ["millennium"] = " millennium", ["century"] = " century", ["million-years"] = " million years", ["billion-years"] = " billion years", ["year"] = " year", ["years"] = " years" }, ["julian-calendar"] = "Julian calendar", -- linked page title ["julian"] = "Julian", ["BCE"] = "BCE", ["CE"] = "CE", ["common-era"] = "Common Era" -- linked page title }, ["coord"] = { ["latitude-north"] = "N", ["latitude-south"] = "S", ["longitude-east"] = "E", ["longitude-west"] = "W", ["degrees"] = "°", ["minutes"] = "'", ["seconds"] = '"', ["separator"] = ", " }, ["values"] = { ["unknown"] = "unknown", ["none"] = "none" }, ["cite"] = { ["version"] = "2", -- increment this each time the below parameters are changed to avoid conflict errors ["web"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *web page sources* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite web]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "website", [aliasesP.referenceURL] = "url", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date", [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.archiveURL] = "archive-url", [aliasesP.archiveDate] = "archive-date", [aliasesP.language] = "language", [aliasesP.author] = "author", -- existence of author1, author2, author3, etc. is assumed [aliasesP.publisher] = "publisher", [aliasesP.quote] = "quote", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages" -- extra option }, ["q"] = { -- <= left side: all allowed reference properties for *sources other than web pages* per https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources -- => right side: corresponding parameter names in (equivalent of) [[:en:Template:Cite Q]] (if non-existent, keep empty i.e. "") [aliasesP.statedIn] = "1", [aliasesP.pages] = "pages", [aliasesP.column] = "at", [aliasesP.chapter] = "chapter", [aliasesP.sectionVerseOrParagraph] = "section", ["external-id"] = "id", -- used for any type of database property ID [aliasesP.title] = "title", [aliasesP.publicationDate] = "date", [aliasesP.retrieved] = "access-date" } } } p.getOrdinalSuffix = function(num) if tostring(num):sub(-2,-2) == '1' then return "th" -- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, ... 19th end num = tostring(num):sub(-1) if num == '1' then return "st" elseif num == '2' then return "nd" elseif num == '3' then return "rd" else return "th" end end p.addDelimiters = function(n) local left, num, right = string.match(n, "^([^%d]*%d)(%d*)(.-)$") if left and num and right then return left .. (num:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1" .. p['numeric']['delimiter']):reverse()) .. right else return n end end return p end return p h70ieb0uxswts38nevjbf8jjyt60l0l 828 11744 84837 2022-05-20T04:34:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Wd/i18n/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This submodule is used by [[Module:Wd]] for internationalization (''[[i18n]]'') purposes and has been separated to allow for locale-independent updating of the module's logic. et7w3edq31zqv88jw2dpmp3bedw3b7q 10 11745 84838 2022-05-20T04:35:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Smallcaps wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>ifsubst | 1=<span style="font-variant:small-caps">{{{1}}}</span> | 2=<templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/><span class="smallcaps">{{{1}}}</span> }}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> khqsztk4mo066r4tq05x25e7qvmck4p 10 11746 84839 2022-05-20T04:35:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Smallcaps/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} Styling for Template:Smallcaps */ span.smallcaps { font-variant: small-caps; } span.smallcaps-smaller { font-size: 85%; } 8lffmue4iv1b62pje3u895huur4gnpe 10 11747 84840 2022-05-20T04:36:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Smallcaps/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE, and INTERWIKIS IN WIKIDATA --> {{High-use|16665}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Smallcaps/styles.css}} {{template shortcut|SC|sm|aut}} {{tlx|Smallcaps}} will display the lowercase part of your text as a soft format of typographical {{Smallcaps|[[small caps]]}}.<br />For example: {{tlx|Smallcaps|Beware of Dog}} → {{Smallcaps|Beware of Dog}}. This template should be avoided or used sparingly in articles, as the [[MOS:SMALLCAPS|Manual of Style advises]] that small caps should be avoided and reduced to one of the other title cases or normal case, and that [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Keep markup simple|markup should be kept simple]]. Smallcaps should not be used for BC, AD, BCE, CE, etc., per [[MOS:ERA]], though they are used in the below examples. {{em|For display of acronyms/initialisms}} in small caps, use {{tlx|Smallcaps2}} (a.k.a. {{tlx|sc2}}) instead. == Usage == {{COinS safe|n|}} Your source text is not altered in the output, only the way it is displayed on the screen: a copy-paste of the text will give the small caps sections in their original form; similarly, an older or non-CSS browser will only display the original text on screen. ; Code : <code><nowiki>{{Smallcaps|Utada}} Hikaru</nowiki></code> ; Displayed: {{Smallcaps|Utada}} Hikaru ; Pasted : Utada Hikaru This template is therefore intended for the use of caps as a typographic style, such as rendering family names in bibliographies in small caps to distinguish them from given names. It should not be used for acronyms or abbreviations which are supposed to be capitalized regardless of style. For such cases, use {{tl|Smallcaps2}}. {{As of|2016|02|post=,}} this template cannot be used in citation templates like {{tlx|Cite journal}} to small-cap author names or titles of works in citation styles that call for such typography. See "Notes", below for details. == Technical notes == {{Anchors|Technical|Notes}} * [[Diacritic]]s (å, ç, é, ğ, ı, ñ, ø, ş, ü, etc.) are handled. However, because text formatting is performed by each reader's browser and fonts, inconsistencies in [[CSS]] implementations can lead to some browsers not converting certain rare diacritics. * Use of this template does not generate any automatic categorization. As with most templates, if the argument contains an <code>=</code> sign, the sign should be replaced with {{[[Template:=|=]]}}, or the whole argument be prefixed with {{para|1}}. And for wikilinks, you need to use piping. There is a parsing problem with MediaWiki which causes unexpected behavior when a template with one style is used within a template with another style. * There is a problem with [[dotted and dotless I]]. <code><nowiki>{{Lang|tr|{{</nowiki>Smallcaps|ı i}}}}</code> may gives you {{Smallcaps|ı ı}}, although the language is set to Turkish, unless the font including localized glyphs for small caps variant. * Do not use this inside {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} templates, or this template's markup will be included in the [[COinS]] metadata. This means that [[reference management software]] such as [[Zotero]] will have entries corrupted by the markup. For example, if {{tl|smallcaps}} is used to format the surname of ''Bloggs, Joe'' in {{tl|cite journal}}, then Zotero will store the name as <code><nowiki><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bloggs</span>, Joe</nowiki></code>. This is incorrect metadata. If the article that you are editing uses a citation style that includes small caps, either format the citation manually (see examples below) or use a citation template that specifically includes small caps in its formatting, like {{tl|Cite LSA}}. * This template will not affect the use of HTML character entities like <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>. * Technically, the template is a wrapper for: <code>font-variant: small-caps</code>. * A potential alternative CSS approach, <code>font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;</code>, has not been used because it did not work in Internet Explorer 5 and 6, and it is implemented inconsistently in others: it copy-pastes as the original text in Firefox, but as the altered text in Chrome, Safari, Opera, and text-only browsers. '''Suppressing small caps''' If you wish to suppress the display of small caps in your browser, as a logged-in user, you can make an edit to [[Special:MyPage/common.css|your common.css]] reading: span.smallcaps { font-feature-settings: 'smcp' !important; } == Examples == {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! Code !! Display (screen) |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|The ''Name'' of the 2nd Game}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|The ''Name'' of the 2nd Game}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>Leonardo {{Smallcaps|DiCaprio}} (born 1974)</nowiki> || Leonardo {{Smallcaps|DiCaprio}} (born 1974) |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>José {{Smallcaps|Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga}}</nowiki> || José {{Smallcaps|Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|Nesbø, Vågen, Louÿs, Zúñiga, Kabaağaçlı}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|Nesbø, Vågen, Louÿs, Zúñiga, Kabaağaçlı}} |- |colspan=3 align=center| ''When your text uses an = sign:'' |- |{{N}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|You and Me = Us}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|You and Me = Us}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|You and Me &amp;#61; Us}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|You and Me &#61; Us}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|You and Me {{=}} Us}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|You and Me {{=}} Us}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|1=You and Me = Us}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|1=You and Me = Us}} |- |colspan=3 align=center| ''When your text uses a template:'' |- |{{N}}|| <nowiki>in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's {{Green{{!}}Green}}}} forever</nowiki> || in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's {{Green{{!}}Green}}}} forever |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>in {{Smallcaps|1=Fiddler's {{Green|Green}}}} forever</nowiki> || in {{Smallcaps|1=Fiddler's {{Green|Green}}}} forever |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's {{Green|Green}}}} forever</nowiki> || in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's {{Green|Green}}}} forever |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Green|1=in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's Green}} forever}}</nowiki> || {{Green|1=in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's Green}} forever}} |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Colors|green|yellow|3=in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's Green}} forever}}</nowiki> || {{Colors|green|yellow|3=in {{Smallcaps|Fiddler's Green}} forever}} |- |colspan=3 align=center| ''When your text uses a {{!}} pipe:'' |- |{{N}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|Before|afteR}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|Before|afteR}} |- |{{N}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|1=Before{{!}}afteR}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|1=Before{{!}}afteR}}<!--This example generates a [[Special:LintErrors]] "stripped tag" error intentionally. Please do not "fix" it. --> |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>{{Smallcaps|Before&amp;#124;afteR}}</nowiki> || {{Smallcaps|Before&#124;afteR}} |- |colspan=3 align=center| ''When your text uses a link:'' |- |{{N}}|| <nowiki>[[{{Smallcaps|Mao}} Zedong]]</nowiki> || [[{{Smallcaps|Mao}} Zedong]] |- |{{Y}}|| <nowiki>[[Mao Zedong|{{Smallcaps|Mao}} Zedong]]</nowiki> || [[Mao Zedong|{{Smallcaps|Mao}} Zedong]] |} Note that most of these uses are not sanctioned by the [[WP:Manual of Style]] and should be avoided in article prose. == Reasons to use small caps == [[Small caps]] are useful for encyclopedic and typographical uses including: ; To lighten ALL-CAPS surnames mandated by [[citation style]]s such as [[Harvard referencing|Harvard]] Note that this template should not be used inside CS1 or CS2 citation templates, such as {{tl|cite book}} or {{tl|citation}}; see [[#Notes]] above for details and alternatives. * Piccadilly has been compared to "a Parisian boulevard" ({{smallcaps|Dickens}} 1879). * [[Charles Dickens, Jr|{{smallcaps|Dickens}}, C. Jr]] (1879). "Piccadilly" in ''Dickens's Dictionary of London''. London: C. Dickens.[http://worldcat.org/oclc/54321168?page=citation] ; To disambiguate Western names and surnames at a glance * Many [[Hispanic name]]s are tricky to decompose: ** [[Jorge Luis Borges|Jorge Luis {{smallcaps|Borges}}]], but [[Adolfo Bioy Casares|Adolfo {{smallcaps|Bioy| C|asares}}]] (both filed under "B") ** [[José Álvarez de Bohórquez|José {{smallcaps|Álvarez| de las A|sturias| de B|ohórquez| y G|oyeneche}}, Marqués de los Trujillos]] * And many [[Hispanic name]]s are better known by their second surname: ** [[Pablo Ruiz Picasso|Pablo {{smallcaps|Ruiz '''Picasso'''}}]], [[Federico García Lorca|Federico {{smallcaps|García '''Lorca'''}}]], [[Emir Rodríguez Monegal|Emir {{smallcaps|Rodríguez '''Monegal'''}}]], [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero|José Luis {{smallcaps|Rodríguez '''Zapatero'''}}]] * Many names (Martín, Miguel, Ramón, Tomás, etc.) can be either forename or surname: ** [[Juan Martín Hernández|Juan Martín {{smallcaps|Hernández}}]] vs. [[Rafael Martín Vázquez|Rafael {{smallcaps|Martín Vázquez}}]] (two ball players) * [[Hungarian name]]s natively use the surname-first order: ** [[Petőfi Sándor|{{smallcaps|Petőfi}} Sándor]] is usually westernized [[Sándor Petőfi|Sándor {{smallcaps|Petőfi}}]] ; To disambiguate Eastern surnames and given names at a glance * Most [[Chinese name]]s and [[Korean name]]s retain their surname-first order: ** [[Mao Zedong|{{smallcaps|Mao}} Zedong]] fought [[Chiang Kai-shek|{{smallcaps|Chiang}} Kai-shek]] ** The movie ''Oldboy'' by [[Park Chan-wook|{{smallcaps|Park}} Chan-wook]] starring [[Choi Min-sik|{{smallcaps|Choi}} Min-sik]] was not seen by [[Kim Il-sung|{{smallcaps|Kim}} Il-sung]] :Especially in Hong Kong and Macao, a Western given name may be added as well: :*[[Leslie Cheung|Leslie {{smallcaps|Cheung}} Kwok-Wing]] * Most [[Japanese name]]s are reversed in the West, but not all: ** ([[Akira Kurosawa|Akira {{smallcaps|Kurosawa}}]] or [[Motojirō Kajii|Motojirō {{smallcaps|Kajii}}]] are usually westernized) ** But [[Matsuo Bashō|{{smallcaps|Matsuo}} Bashō]], [[Ono no Komachi|{{smallcaps|Ono}} no Komachi]], [[Kaga no Chiyo|{{smallcaps|Kaga}} no Chiyo]] (haiku poets known under their given name) ** But [[Edogawa Ranpo|{{smallcaps|Edogawa}} Ranpo]] (kept due to wordplay with "Edgar Allan Poe") vs. [[Ranpo Edogawa|Ranpo {{smallcaps|Edogawa}}]] (some modern uses) * [[Myanmar|Burmese]] names ignore the concept of forename/surname, but are adapted in the West: ** Daw [[Aung San Suu Kyi|{{smallcaps|Aung San}} Suu Kyi]], daughter of General [[Aung San|{{smallcaps|Aung San}}]] ("Daw" is honorific, her name takes part of his name) * And some [[Myanmar|Burmese]] names are so short they need to retain an honorific prefix (U for Mister, Daw for Madam, Thakin for Master) which is confusable with a forename or a surname: ** [[U Nu|U {{smallcaps|Nu}}]] ("Mister {{smallcaps|Nu}}"), a.k.a. [[Thakin Nu|Thakin {{smallcaps|Nu}}]] ("Master {{smallcaps|Nu}}") ; To cite [[Unicode]] character names correctly without unwanted emphasizing. * Such names are required to be written in capitals by the Unicode standard. Use {{tl|Smallcaps2}}, not {{tl|Smallcaps}}, for this: In running text, "U+022A {{smallcaps2|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON}}" is a less visually distracting alternative to "U+022A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON". Unicode names should not be represented in mixed case, e.g. as {{tl|Smallcaps|Latin Capital ...}}. == Comparison of the case transformation templates == {{anchor|Comparison of the small caps templates}} {{Case templates table}} == Templatedata == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Text", "required": true, "description": "Text to be rendered in small caps", "type": "string" } }, "format": "inline", "description": "Displays the lowercase part of inputted text as small caps" } </templatedata> ==See also== * {{tl|Smallcaps2}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] }} </includeonly> kiz3em8lbahtwb60rjp46m34etn2avg 10 11748 84841 2022-05-20T04:36:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Anchors wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Anchor]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from modification}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} a3m796o8003qr4zvkh6lble8mq9db89 10 11749 84842 2022-05-20T04:37:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Case templates table wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | Template ! scope="col" | Shortcut ! scope="col" style="width: 35%;" | Purpose ! scope="col" | Example ! scope="col" | Output ! scope="col" | Copy-pastes as |- | {{tl|Smallcaps}} | {{tl|sc1}}<br />{{tl|SC}} | No conversion, small-caps display, mixed case.<br />No font size change (acronyms are unaffected).<br />Common mixed-case heading style (not in Wikipedia).<br />Uses: Rendering publication titles in citation styles that require them in small-caps. | <code><nowiki>{{sc1|UNICEF}} and 312&amp;nbsp;{{sc1|BCE}}</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlc|sc1|Mixed Case}} | {{sc1|UNICEF}} and 312&nbsp;{{sc1|BCE}}<br /> {{sc1|Mixed Case}} | <span style="color: ForestGreen;">UNICEF and 312 BCE<br />Mixed Case</span> |- | {{tl|Smallcaps2}} | {{tl|sc2}} | No conversion, small-caps display, mixed case.<br />Slightly reduced font size.<br />This is the conventional display of smallcaps for acronyms/initialisms in modern book typography.<br />Other uses: Unicode character names. | <code><nowiki>{{sc2|UNICEF}} and 312&amp;nbsp;{{sc2|BCE}}</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlc|sc2|Mixed Case}} | {{sc2|UNICEF}} and 312&nbsp;{{sc2|BCE}}<br /> {{sc2|Mixed Case}} | <span style="color: ForestGreen;">UNICEF and 312 BCE<br />Mixed Case</span> |- | {{tl|Smallcaps all}} | {{tl|sc}} | Lowercase conversion, small-caps display, all uppercase.<br />The size of lowercase letters.<br />Uses: Stressed syllables (in {{tl|Respell}}); and ???.<br /><span style="color: Red;">{{error|Warning}}: Default use will permanently change {{xtn|UPPER-}} or {{xtn|Mixed-Case}} data,<br />does not work consistently across different browsers,<br />and is not compatible with named HTML character entities.</span> | <code><nowiki>{{sc|UNICEF}} and 312&amp;nbsp;{{sc|BCE}}</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlc|sc|Mixed Case}} | {{sc|UNICEF}} and 312&nbsp;{{sc|BCE}}<br />{{sc|Mixed Case}} | <span style="color: Red;">unicef and 312 bce<br />mixed case</span><br />(in many browsers) |- | {{tl|Allcaps}} | {{tl|caps}} | No conversion, all-caps display.<br />The size of uppercase letters.<br />Uses: ???. | <code><nowiki>{{caps|UNICEF}} and 312&amp;nbsp;{{caps|BCE}}</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlc|caps|Mixed Case}} | {{caps|UNICEF}} and 312&nbsp;{{caps|BCE}}<br />{{caps|Mixed Case}} | <span style="color: ForestGreen;">UNICEF and 312 BCE<br />Mixed Case</span> |- | {{tl|Nocaps}} | &nbsp; | No conversion, all-lowercase display.<br />The size of lowercase letters.<br />Uses: ???. | <code><nowiki>{{nocaps|UNICEF}} and 312&amp;nbsp;{{nocaps|BCE}}</nowiki></code><br /> {{tlc|nocaps|Mixed Case}} | {{nocaps|UNICEF}} and 312&nbsp;{{nocaps|BCE}}<br />{{nocaps|Mixed Case}} | <span style="color: ForestGreen;">UNICEF and 312 BCE<br />Mixed Case</span> |}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= This table is transcluded into the documentation of the various templates it illustrates. }}</noinclude> pocdk0z6ckc3xkeuhnv9y6mfi3vyhyd 10 11750 84843 2022-05-20T04:37:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Colors wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Font color]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} i3bntcty1krtm0d2xrqp5upa3ib1kzy 10 11751 84844 2022-05-20T04:37:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Cs2 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Help:Citation Style 2|Citation Style 2]]<noinclude> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] </noinclude> flktvttft09cz4qya95oiidtjdco4xs 10 11752 84845 2022-05-20T04:38:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:MONTHNUMBER wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}} |january|jan=1 |february|feb=2 |march|mar=3 |apr|april=4 |may=5 |june|jun=6 |july|jul=7 |august|aug=8 |september|sep|sept=9 |october|oct=10 |november|nov=11 |december|dec=12 |{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}<0 |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})round 0)!=({{{1}}}) |{{#expr:12-(((0.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}} |{{#expr:12-(((11.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}} }} |{{#expr:(((10.5+{{{1}}})round 0)mod 12)+1}} }} }} |Missing required parameter 1=''month''! }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> mqnyq8bnd6mmrrl70a3uwqgeo8aevfc 10 11753 84846 2022-05-20T04:38:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:MONTHNUMBER/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{high-risk|560,000+}} This template returns the cyclic integer month number (between 1 and 12) of the month whose real number is in parameter. Alternatively, the month can be given with its English name (complete or abbreviated to 3 characters, with capitals or small letters). Does not play nicely with "subst:" === Syntax === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER|</code>''month''<code>}}</code> * The ''month'' value is interpreted modulo 12 (extra leading zeroes are ignored, negative numbers are accepted, all numbers are rounded to floor). === Examples for all standard English month names === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|january}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|january}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|february}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|february}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|march}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|march}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|april}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|april}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|may}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|may}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|june}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|june}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|july}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|july}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|august}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|august}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|september}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|september}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|october}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|october}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|november}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|november}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|december}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|december}} === Examples for all abbreviated English month names === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|jan}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|jan}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|feb}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|feb}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|mar}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|mar}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|apr}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|apr}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|may}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|may}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|jun}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|jun}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|jul}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|jul}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|aug}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|aug}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|sep}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|sep}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|oct}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|oct}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|nov}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|nov}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|dec}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|dec}} === Examples for all standard month numbers === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|1}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|1}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|2}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|2}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|3}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|3}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|4}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|4}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|5}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|6}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|6}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|7}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|7}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|8}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|8}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|9}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|9}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|10}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|10}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|11}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|11}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|12}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|12}} === Examples for month numbers with extra leading zero === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|01}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|01}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|02}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|02}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|03}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|03}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|04}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|04}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|05}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|05}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|06}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|06}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|07}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|07}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|08}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|08}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|09}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|09}} === Examples for month number underflows and overflows, from computed values === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-1200}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-1200}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-1201}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-1201}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-1212}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-1212}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-12}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-12}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-11}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-11}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-10}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-10}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-9}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-9}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-8}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-8}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-7}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-7}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-6}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-6}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-5}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-4}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-4}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-3}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-3}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-2}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-2}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-1}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-1}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-0.9999}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-0.9999}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-0.5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-0.5}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|-0.0001}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|-0.0001}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|0}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|0}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|0.0001}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|0.0001}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|0.5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|0}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|0.9999}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|0.9999}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|12.0001}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|12.0001}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|12.5}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|12.5}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|12.9999}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|12.9999}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|13}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|13}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|14}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|14}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|24}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|24}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|1200}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|1200}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|1201}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|1201}} : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|1212}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|1212}} === Example for invalid month name === : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>MONTHNUMBER<nowiki>|xx}}</nowiki></code> returns {{MONTHNUMBER|xx}} === See also === {{Calendar, clock, date and time computing templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Date-computing templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ohxmzec8jkpk8a577m1njq0jy295csx 10 11754 84847 2022-05-20T04:38:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Calendar, clock, date and time computing templates wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{align|left|[{{edit|Template:Date and time templates}}] ''all subsections that follow:''}}<br /> {{info|1=<big>{{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}} |Template:Date and time templates=These templates do '''not''' put a working clock on your page. |#default=This template does '''not''' put a working clock on your page.}}</big> The clock will '''not''' update the time on your screen every minute. Instead, it records the date and time that the page was most recently edited or [[WP:PURGE|purge]]d.<br /> <small>If you want a clock that constantly updates, then go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets]] and enable the Appearance item, "Add a clock to the personal toolbar that displays the current time in UTC and provides a link to purge the current page".</small>}}</noinclude> === Multiple units of time === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Type !Adjustable !Current !Last !Next |- |Date and time |{{tl|time}} |{{tl|Currentdate}} (MDY)<br>{{tl|Plain now}} (DMY)<br>{{tl|Now}} (DMY in a complete sentence)<br>{{tl|Simple now}} | | |- |Date only |{{tl|Dateonly}}<br>{{tl|Datedow}}<br>(Has the day of the week) |{{tl|Date}} (Chose format)<br>{{tl|DATE}} (prefixed by date=)<br>{{tl|TODAY}} (DMY) |{{tl|Yesterday}}<br>{{tl|Day-1}} |{{tl|Tomorrow}}<br>{{tl|Day+1}} |- |Time only |{{tl|Timeonly}} |{{tl|CURRENTTIME}} (12 h format)<br>{{tl|CURRENTTIME24}} (24 h format) | | |- |Banners | |{{tl|Right now}}<br>(Blue with time and number of Wikipedia articles) | | |- |Timestamp | |{{tl|Timestamp}}<br>(Format YYYYMMDDhhmmss)<br> | | |} ---- === Single units of time === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Unit of time !Adjustable !Current !Last !Next |- |SECOND | |{{tl|CURRENTSECOND}} | | |- |MINUTE | |{{tl|CURRENTMINUTE}} | | |- |HOUR | |{{mwl|CURRENTHOUR}} | | |- |WEEK | |{{mwl|CURRENTWEEK}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTWEEKOFMONTH}} | | |- |Day of Week |{{tl|Dow}} |{{mwl|CURRENTDAYNAME}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTWEEKDAYABBREV}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTWEEKDAY}} | | |- |MONTH |{{tl|MONTHNAME}}<br>{{tl|MONTHABBREV}}<br>{{tl|MONTHNUMBER}}<br>{{tl|MONTH}} (zero padded) |{{mwl|CURRENTMONTHNAME}}<br>{{mwl|CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}<br>{{mwl|CURRENTMONTH1}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTMONTHDAYS}} |{{tl|LASTMONTHNAME}} |{{tl|NEXTMONTHNAME}} |- |Day of Month | |{{mwl|CURRENTDAY}}<br>{{mwl|CURRENTDAY2}} (zero padded) | | |- |YEAR | |{{tl|CURRENTYEARCC}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTYEARYY}}<br>{{tl|CURRENTISOYEAR}}<br>{{mwl|CURRENTYEAR}} |{{tl|LASTYEAR}} |{{tl|NEXTYEAR}} |- |Day of Year | |{{tl|CURRENTDAYOFYEAR}} | | |- |DECADE |{{tl|DECADE}} |{{tl|CURRENTDECADE}} | | |- |CENTURY |{{tl|CENTURY}} |{{tl|CURRENTCENTURY}} | | |- |MILLENNIUM |{{tl|MILLENNIUM}} | | | |} === Date and time templates made for substitution: === '''Month:'''<br>{{tl|Lmonth}} produces {{Lmonth}}<br>{{tl|Nmonth}} produces {{Nmonth}}<br>{{tl|LastMonth}} produces {{LastMonth}}<br>{{tl|NextMonth}} produces {{NextMonth}} ---- ==== Individual templates ==== *{{tl|Calendar}} *{{tl|Calendar clock with Wikipedia stats}} *{{tl|Clock}} *{{tl|Digital clock}} *{{tl|Digital clock and date}} ==== Categories of templates ==== * [[:Category:Time, date and calendar templates]] * [[:Category:Date-computing templates]] * [[:Category:Date-computing templates based on current time]] * [[:Category:ISO date templates]] * [[:Category:Calendar templates]]<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6ujcoe2kneraxouunpk2t6wkqp3edox 10 11755 84848 2022-05-20T04:39:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Edit wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="{{#if:{{{tooltip|}}}|{{{tooltip}}}|Edit {{{1}}}}}">[{{fullurl:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}|action=edit{{#if:{{{section|}}}|&section={{{section}}}}}{{#if:{{{editintro|}}}|&editintro={{urlencode:{{{editintro}}}|wiki}}}}{{#if:{{{preload|}}}|&preload={{urlencode:{{{preload}}}|wiki}}}}{{#if:{{{preloadtitle|}}}|&preloadtitle={{urlencode:{{{preloadtitle}}}}}}}}} {{{2|edit}}}]</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 3tfmuuvjjnszagj2mzafv2005px018o 10 11756 84849 2022-05-20T04:39:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Edit/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> {{High-use}} It provides a clickable link to edit a page, or a section of the page. == Usage == <pre> {{Edit |1= |2= |section= |editintro= |preload= |preloadtitle= |tooltip= }} </pre> * '''1''': the page to edit. If omitted, it will be the current page. * '''2''': the label text of the edit link. If omitted, it is "edit" by default. * '''section''': the section to edit, in which <code>0</code> for the top (i.e. lead section), <code>1</code> for the first (sub-)section, and <code>new</code> for adding a new section. * '''editintro''': the content of a page/template that will be transcluded above the edit box when you edit the page. Usually used to load [[Wikipedia:Template messages|template messages]]. * '''preload''': the content of a page/template that will be preloaded into the text area of the edit form. It works only if the page to be edited does not exist. * '''preloadtitle''': if making a new section (i.e. <code>|section=new</code>), the title to be preloaded into the title box of the edit form. * '''tooltip''': the text to display when you hover over the link. Notes: * All parameters are optional. * The parameter names '''must be''' in lowercase or they will fail. == Examples == {| class="wikitable" |- !style="width: 35%;"| Code !style="width: 15%;"| Output !| Notes |- | <nowiki>{{edit}}</nowiki> || {{edit}} || Edit current page |- | <nowiki>{{edit| |edit template doc}}</nowiki> || {{edit| |edit template doc}} || |- | <nowiki>{{edit|1=Infobox foo|2=E}}</nowiki> || {{edit|1=Infobox foo|2=E}} || |- | <nowiki>{{edit|2=edit template doc}}</nowiki> || {{edit|2=edit template doc}} || |- | <nowiki>{{edit|friendship}}</nowiki> || {{edit|friendship}} || Edit the article [[friendship]] |- | <nowiki>{{edit|friendship|section=3}}</nowiki> || {{edit|friendship|section=3}} || Edit the third order of a (sub-)section of the article [[friendship]], which is [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friendship&oldid=930460849#Adolescence 1.2 Adolescence] as of 10 Jan 2020 |- | <nowiki>{{edit|Draft:Sandbox|editintro=Template:Disambig editintro}}</nowiki> || {{edit|Draft:Sandbox|editintro=Template:Disambig editintro}} || Load {{tl|Disambig editintro}} when you edit |- | <nowiki>{{edit|Template:Some new template|preload=Template:Documentation/preload}}</nowiki> || {{edit|Template:Some new template|preload=Template:Documentation/preload}} || Preload the whoole content of {{tl|Documentation/preload}} when you create a new template |- | <nowiki>{{edit|Wikipedia talk:Sandbox|section=new||preloadtitle=Custom title of the new section}}</nowiki> || {{edit|Wikipedia talk:Sandbox|section=new||preloadtitle=Custom title of the new section}} || Create a new section of a custom title |- | <nowiki>{{edit|2=link with tooltip|tooltip=This is a tooltip}}</nowiki> || {{edit| |tooltip=This is a tooltip}} || Hover over the link to see the tooltip |} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "Page", "description": "The page to edit", "example": "Example", "type": "wiki-page-name", "default": "The current page", "suggested": true }, "2": { "label": "Label", "description": "The link label", "example": "Edit this page", "type": "string", "default": "Edit" }, "section": { "label": "Section", "description": "The section to edit; 0 for the top section; new for a new section", "example": "0", "type": "string", "default": "None (whole page gets edited)" }, "editintro": { "label": "Edit Intro", "description": "Content that will be rendered above the edit box", "example": "Template:Disambig editintro" }, "preload": { "label": "Preload", "description": "Content to preload in the edit form when creating a new page or section" }, "preloadtitle": { "label": "Preload title", "description": "If making a new section, preload text into the title box" }, "tooltip": { "label": "Tooltip", "description": "Text to display on mouseover", "default": "Page or section name", "type": "string" } }, "description": "Displays a link to edit a page.", "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "section", "editintro", "preload", "preloadtitle", "tooltip" ] } </templatedata> == Comparison == {{edit templates}} == See also == * {{tl|Navbox}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Internal link maintenance templates]] [[Category:Internal link templates]] }}</includeonly> sa1x5fjifzgedxv8lt4mo069bsfjo61 10 11757 84850 2022-05-20T04:41:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Infobox musical artist/hCard class wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{{1|}}} | solo_singer | non_vocal_instrumentalist | non_performing_personnel = fn | group_or_band | cover_band | classical_ensemble | temporary = fn org | {{{1|fn}}} }}<!-- "fn" for individual people, "fn org" for bands and other groupings) --><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7f3njegv8bu31posevgqe26ae4x2fvm 10 11758 84851 2022-05-20T04:41:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Infobox musical artist/hCard class/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> == Usage == {{UF-hcard-part}} Specifically this template takes the <code>background</code> parameter from {{tl|Infobox musical artist}} or {{tl|Navbox musical artist}} and returns either <code>fn</code> (for individuals) or <code>fn org</code> (for groups), thus: * solo_singer = fn * non_vocal_instrumentalist = fn * non_performing_personnel = fn * group_or_band = fn org * cover_band = fn org * classical_ensemble = fn org * temporary = fn org <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[bn:টেমপ্লেট:Infobox musical artist/hCard class]] [[ur:سانچہ:Infobox musical artist/hCard class]] [[ky:Калып:Музыкант/hCard class]] }}</includeonly> dlf1rtbkeyssqtf6099glb2b58dxpwu 10 11759 84852 2022-05-20T04:41:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:UF-hcard-part wikitext text/x-wiki This template produces a component of an [[HCard|hCard microformat]], which makes a person or place's details [[Parsing|parsable]] by computers, either acting automatically to catalogue article across Wikipedia, or via a browser tool operated by a reader, to (for example) add the subject to an address book. For more information about the use of [[microformat]]s on Wikipedia, please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats|the microformat project]]. hCard uses HTML classes including: {{Flatlist/microformat| *adr *agent *bday *category *county-name *extended-address *fn (required) *geo *honorific-prefix *honorific-suffix *label *locality *nickname *note *org *role *vcard }} '''Please do not rename or remove these classes nor collapse nested elements which use them.'''<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc | |{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | |[[Category:Templates generating hCards|{{PAGENAME}}]]}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Templates generating hCards]] [[Category:Microformat (uF) message templates]] </noinclude> hdypbuessal4ze1huulgwnbn8t6ud0w 10 11760 84853 2022-05-20T04:42:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Flatlist/microformat wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Flatlist]] q3oshnumkfv4jcmgdqbcuy4jykgd7aj 10 11761 84854 2022-05-20T05:00:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Spanbox wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Box]] 3s73r6jmxg293zjr5hidmtiauxjf8uv 10 11762 84855 2022-05-20T05:00:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:3x wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you. --> </noinclude> c3g4hmpw7axqec9p9o4qg3hprxs1r6l 10 11763 84856 2022-05-20T05:01:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:3x/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Description == Repeats what you enter three times. == Usage == : {{tlx|3x|your text here}} ; produces{{!:}} : {{3x|your text here}} ; Or for signing posts{{!:}} : {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:3x|~}}</nowiki>}} : produces your signature. == Example == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Code !! Result |- | {{tlx|3x|Red Sox!}} || {{3x|Red Sox!}} |} == See also == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] }}</includeonly> amhcuyn5i3po4qex71inv0tky4ylwbi 10 11764 84857 2022-05-20T05:01:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!: wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>:</nowiki><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> qx5or4rwgr3pdwo7vgxjiaj7w0ygk06 10 11765 84858 2022-05-20T05:01:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:!:/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> This template, like some other {{c|Wikipedia formatting and function templates|formatting templates}} is a workaround for wiki markup behavior. * In this case, it allows a [[Colon (punctuation)|colon]] to terminate a minor title-line (i.e. in [[Wikipedia:Lists#Definition lists|definition lists]]) begun with a [[Semicolon|semi-colon]]. * It just provides the string: <pre> <nowiki><</nowiki>nowiki>:<nowiki><</nowiki>/nowiki> </pre> ===See also=== <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||<!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:----> [[Category:Character-substitution templates]] }}</includeonly> 7glv2pcimqul1372oy9y5jdw9ohtakd 10 11766 84859 2022-05-20T05:02:22Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:1x wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> pj4wuk9fq5if381k4yy1hzwd7uvj8jy 10 11767 84860 2022-05-20T05:02:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:1x/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|173,000+}} <!-- Please add categories at the bottom of this page, and interwikis at Wikidata (see Wikipedia:Wikidata) --> == Usage == Echo the first argument to the template through the rendering engine. * See how {{param|1}} behaves in a template. * As a metatemplate, for example, <code><nowiki>{{1x|<}}includeonly{{1x|>}}</nowiki></code> generates an <code>&lt;includeonly&gt;</code> tag that will be evaluated when the resulting template is substituted, unlike such a tag made with XML/HTML entities (&amp;lt; and &amp;gt;). == See also == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Add categories below this line, and interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] }}</includeonly> hqpovizsopoi3yxiexbnk1l4uts6jqh 10 11768 84861 2022-05-20T05:03:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Box wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;>}}{{#if:{{{span|}}}|<span style="|<div style="}}<!-- -->display:{{{box type|{{#if:{{{wide|}}}|block|{{#if:{{{inline|}}}|inline|inline-block}}}}}}};<!-- -->border-style: {{{style|solid}}};<!-- -->padding: {{{padding|{{#if:{{{inline|}}}|1px|3px}}}}};<!-- -->{{#if:{{{top padding|}}}|padding-top: {{{top padding|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{bottom padding|}}}|padding-botton: {{{bottom padding|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{left padding|}}}|padding-left: {{{left padding|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{right padding|}}}|padding-right: {{{right padding|}}};}}<!-- -->border-color: {{{border color|{{#switch:{{{type}}}|black=black|white=white|transparent=transparent||#default=black}}}}};<!-- -->border-width: {{{border size|{{#switch:{{{type}}}|black|white|transparent=0px|#default=2px}}}}};<!-- -->background-color: {{{color|{{{background|{{#switch:{{{type}}}|black=black|white=white|transparent=transparent|#default=white}}}}}}}};<!-- -->color: {{{text color|{{#switch:{{{type}}}|black=white|white|transparent=black|#default=black}}}}};<!-- -->{{#if:{{{text align|}}}|text-align: {{{text align|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{spacing|}}}|letter-spacing: {{{spacing|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{font|}}}|font-family: {{{font|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{font size|{{{text size|}}}}}}|font-size: {{{font size|{{{text size|}}}}}};}}<!-- -->margin: {{{margin|3px}}};<!-- -->{{#if:{{{top margin|}}}|margin-top: {{{top margin|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{bottom margin|}}}|margin-botton: {{{bottom margin|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{left margin|}}}|margin-left: {{{left margin|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{right margin|}}}|margin-right: {{{right margin|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{height|}}}|height: {{{height|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{width|}}}|width: {{{width|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{align|}}}|float: {{{align|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{radius|}}}|border-radius:{{{radius|}}};}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{shadow|}}}|box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75);}}<!-- -->{{{CSS|}}}" {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}}><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{header|}}}|||<u>'''{{{header}}}'''</u><br>}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|Template|{{{1|Sample Text}}}|{{{1|}}}}}{{#if:{{{span|}}}|</span>|</div>}}{{#ifeq:{{{align|}}}|center|</div>}}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using box with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Box]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | align | background | border color | border size | bottom margin | bottom padding | box type | color | CSS | class | font | font size | header | height | inline | left margin | left padding | margin | padding | radius | right margin | right padding | shadow | spacing | span | style | text align | text color | text size | top margin | top padding | type | wide | width}}<noinclude> <!--categories and Template Data in the documentation please-->{{documentation}} </noinclude> bvcw6zioz2htvelctre34jfm9tymje4 10 11769 84862 2022-05-20T05:03:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Box/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{Lua|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} == Usage == {{box|align=center|text align=center|Recommended Usage: {{tlx|box|''Contents''}}}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;{{#if:{{{no-special|}}}|display:none;}}" |+ Special Parameters ! style="width: 8em;|Parameter ! style="width: 16em;|Description ! Values |- | {{para|type}} | The type of box | {{box|type=black|black}}, {{box|type=white|white}} or {{box|type=transparent|transparent}} |- | {{para|span}} | Uses span tags instead of div tags | {{box|span=yes|yes}} |- | {{para|wide}} | Set the box to be as wide as the page/table | {{box|wide=yes|yes}} |- | {{para|inline}} | Set the box to be inline | text text text {{box|inline=yes|yes}} text text text |- | {{para|header}} | Adds an '''optional''' header | {{box|header=Header|Text}} |- | {{para|shadow}} | Add a shadow to the box | {{box|shadow=y|yes}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%;" |+ Supported Parameters ! style="width:auto"|Parameter ! Description ! Default ! CSS |- | <code>"content"</code> | The contents of the box ('''Highly Recommend''') | | |- | {{small|''opt1''}}<br/> &nbsp;{{para|background}}<br/>{{small|''opt2''}}<br/> &nbsp;{{para|color}} | The color of the background of the box | White | background-color |- | {{para|align}} | The alignment of the box (left, center, right) ('''Recommended''') | left | float |- | {{para|padding}} | The inner padding of the border | 3px | padding |- | {{para|style}} | The style of the border | Solid | border-style |- | {{para|border color}} | The color of the border | Black | background-color |- | {{para|border size}} | The size of the border | 3px | border-width |- | {{para|text align}} | The alignment of the text ('''Recommended''') | left | text-align |- | {{para|spacing}} | The spacing of the letters | | letter-spacing |- | {{para|font}} |The font of the box's text | |font-family |- |{{para|font size}} |The font size of the box's text | |font-size |- |{{para|text color}} |The color of the text |black |text-color |- |{{para|margin}} |The outer margin of the box (Only does horizontal when type isn't <code>inline-block</code> or <code>block</code>) |3px |margin |- |{{para|box type}} |The type of box (inline, inline-block, block) |inline-block |display |- |{{para|height}} |The height of the box | |height |- |{{para|width}} |The width of the box |(The width of the text) |width |- |{{para|CSS}} |Any Additional CSS you want to add ('''make sure to add ; to end''') | | |} {| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; |+ Other Parameters ! style="width: 8em;|Parameter ! Description ! Default ! CSS |- |{{para|top margin}} |The top outer margin of the box (Only does horizontal when type isn't <code>inline-block</code> or <code>block</code>) |3px |margin-top |- |{{para|bottom margin}} |The bottom outer margin of the box (Only does horizontal when type isn't <code>inline-block</code> or <code>block</code>) |3px |margin-bottom |- |{{para|left margin}} |The left outer margin of the box (Only does horizontal when type isn't <code>inline-block</code> or <code>block</code>) |3px |margin-left |- |{{para|right margin}} |The right outer margin of the box (Only does horizontal when type isn't <code>inline-block</code> or <code>block</code>) |3px |margin-right |- |{{para|top padding}} |The top inner padding of the border |3px |padding-top |- |{{para|bottom padding}} |The bottom inner padding of the border |3px |padding-bottom |- |{{para|left padding}} |The left inner padding of the border |3px |padding-left |- |{{para|right padding}} |The right inner padding of the border |3px |padding-right |- |{{para|radius}} |Border radius |0 |border-radius |} ==Examples== {{lorem}}{{box|A|background=red|text color=white}}{{box|B|background=blue|text color=orange}}{{lorem|2}}{{box|C|background=black|text color=white|margin=0px|height=1em|width=40px|border color=yellow}}{{lorem}} {{clear}} <pre>{{box|A|background=red|text color=white}} {{box|B|background=blue|text color=orange}} {{box|C|background=black|text color=white|margin=0px|height=1em|width=40px|border color=yellow}} </pre> {{clear}} ---- {{box|spacing=5px|height=50px|DOG}} {{clear}} <pre>{{box|spacing=5px|height=50px|DOG}}</pre> {{clear}} ---- {{box|background=yellow|align=center|border size=10px|radius=20px|text align=center|The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog}} {{clear}} <pre>{{box|background=yellow|align=center|border size=10px|radius=20px|text align=center|The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog}}</pre> == Data == <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "description": "The contents of the box", "example": "Hello, world!", "suggested": true }, "header": { "description": "A heading for the box", "example": "Warning", "suggested": true }, "align": { "description": "The alignment of the box", "example": "center", "default": "left", "suggested": true }, "box type": { "description": "The type of box (css display) (block,inline-block or inline)", "example": "block", "autovalue": "inline-block" }, "wide": { "description": "If set to yes the box will be wide", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no", "autovalue": "" }, "inline": { "description": "Set to yes for the box type to be inline", "example": "yes", "type": "boolean", "default": "no" }, "style": { "description": "The style of the border", "default": "solid" }, "padding": { "description": "The padding of the box", "default": "3px" }, "top padding": { "description": "The top padding of the box" }, "bottom padding": { "description": "Thebottom padding of the box" }, "left padding": { "description": "The left padding of the box" }, "right padding": { "description": "The right padding of the box" }, "border color": { "description": "The color of the box border", "example": "red", "type": "string", "default": "black" }, "radius" : { "description": "Border corner radius", "example": "5em", "default": "0" }, "type": { "description": "The type of box (black,white,transparent)", "example": "black" }, "border size": { "description": "The size of the border", "default": "3px" }, "color": { "aliases": [ "background" ], "description": "The color of background", "example": "black", "default": "white" }, "text color": { "description": "The color of the text", "example": "green", "default": "black" }, "text align": { "description": "The alignment of the text (css text-align)", "example": "center", "default": "left" }, "spacing": { "description": "The spacing of the letters" }, "font": { "description": "The font of the text" }, "font size": { "aliases": [ "text size" ], "description": "The size of the text" }, "margin": { "description": "The size of the box's margin", "example": "30px", "default": "3px" }, "top margin": { "description": "The size of the box's top margin" }, "bottom margin": { "description": "The size of the box's bottom margin" }, "left margin": { "description": "The size of the box's left margin" }, "right margin": { "description": "The size of the box's right margin" }, "height": { "description": "The height of the box", "example": "400px", "default": "''the height of the contents plus the margin''" }, "width": { "description": "The width of the box", "default": "''the width of the text plus the margin''" }, "CSS": { "description": "Any additional CSS to use" } }, "description": "This template produces a variety of boxes from preset options and from CSS.", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==Tracking categories== * {{Category link with count|Pages using box with unknown parameters}} * {{Category link with count|Pages using box-r with unknown parameters}} ==See also== * {{tl|Divbox}} * {{tl|side box}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Box templates|!]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> qcmqmd68lzjz9poufk0p9fyv4me5ku6 10 11770 84863 2022-05-20T05:03:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Lorem ipsum]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from template shortcut}} }} kshxzrp4aqvwnnmkuav7zu9hdywipvc 10 11771 84864 2022-05-20T05:04:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem/pb-cond wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq: {{{2|{{{join|no}}}}}} | yes | &nbsp; | {{#switch: {{#invoke:string|sub|x{{{1|}}}|2|2}} | : | # | * = | #default = </p> <p><!-- --> }} }}<noinclude></p>{{Documentation |content= Conditional paragraph break. Generates correct content between lorem paragraphs, depending on ''prefix'' and ''join'': * a single space in the case of joins * an inverted p-tag pair between paragraphs where needed * nothing at all for prefix metacharacters like (<code>*</code>, <code>#</code>, or <code>:</code>) which must sit in column 1. == Usage == {{tlc|Lorem ipsum/pb-cond|''prefix''|''join''}} }}</noinclude> agehjdwm5q4nbrz0tbpyxqo11twwxp7 10 11772 84865 2022-05-20T05:05:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem ipsum/P2 wikitext text/x-wiki Curabitur pretium tincidunt lacus. Nulla gravida orci a odio. Nullam varius, turpis et commodo pharetra, est eros bibendum elit, nec luctus magna felis sollicitudin mauris. Integer in mauris eu nibh euismod gravida. Duis ac tellus et risus vulputate vehicula. Donec lobortis risus a elit. Etiam tempor. Ut ullamcorper, ligula eu tempor congue, eros est euismod turpis, id tincidunt sapien risus a quam. Maecenas fermentum consequat mi. Donec fermentum. Pellentesque malesuada nulla a mi. Duis sapien sem, aliquet nec, commodo eget, consequat quis, neque. Aliquam faucibus, elit ut dictum aliquet, felis nisl adipiscing sapien, sed malesuada diam lacus eget erat. Cras mollis scelerisque nunc. Nullam arcu. Aliquam consequat. Curabitur augue lorem, dapibus quis, laoreet et, pretium ac, nisi. Aenean magna nisl, mollis quis, molestie eu, feugiat in, orci. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. 0okg8uh7isdujb97jkpg9swbizw44is 10 11773 84866 2022-05-20T05:07:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Wikipedia templates | state = {{{state<includeonly>|{{{1|autocollapse}}}</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Wikipedia:Template index|Wikipedia templates]] | group1 = Main namespace | list1 = * [[Wikipedia:Template index/General|General]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup|Cleanup]] ** [[Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources|Verifiability and sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Disputes|Disputes]] * [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|Hatnotes]] * [[Wikipedia:List of infoboxes|Infoboxes]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Links|Links]] ** [[:Category:External link templates|External link templates]] ** [[Wikipedia:Inline templates linking country articles|Linking country articles]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Lists|Lists]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Main page and alternatives|Main page]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Section|Section]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles|Sources of articles]] ** [[Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference|Quick reference]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Standard boxes|Standard boxes]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types|Stub types]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Translation|Translation]] | group2 = Other namespaces | list2 = * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Compact tables of contents|Compact TOC]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace|Category]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/File namespace|File]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Talk namespace|Talk]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Template namespace|Template]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/User namespace|User]] ** [[Wikipedia:Userboxes|Userboxes]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/User talk namespace|User talk]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Wikipedia namespace|Wikipedia]] ** [[Wikipedia:Template index/WikiProject banners|WikiProject banners]] | group3 = All namespaces | list3 = * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Deletion|Deletion]] ([[Wikipedia:Template index/Speedy deletion|Speedy]]) * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Format|Formatting]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Maintenance|Maintenance]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Merging|Merging]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Moving|Moving]] ** [[Wikipedia:Template index/Moving/Requested|Requested]] * [[Wikipedia:Navigation template|Navigation]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages|Redirect pages]] ** [[:Template:R template index|Functional index]] ** [[Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect language codes|Language codes]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting|Splitting]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Sister projects|Wikimedia sister projects]] | group4 = Navboxes<br/>with templates | list4 = * [[Template:Warchivenav|Archive]] * [[Template:Afd see also documentation|Articles for deletion]] * [[Template:Birth, death and age templates|Birth, death and age]] * [[Template:Button templates|Button]] * [[Template:Other category-header templates|Category header]] * [[Template:Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates|Citation and verifiability]] * [[Template:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] * [[Template:DRV see also documentation|Deletion review]] * [[Template:Editnotice templates|Editnotice]] * [[Template:Hatnote templates|Hatnotes]] * [[Template:Help desk templates navbox|Help desk]] * [[Template:Inline cleanup tags|Inline cleanup]] * [[Template:Introduction cleanup maintenance templates|Introduction cleanup]] * [[Template:IPA templates|IPA]] * [[Template:Math templates|Math]] * [[Template:Notice and warning templates|Notice and warnings]] * [[Template:Organization infoboxes|Organization infoboxes]] * [[Template:Pam see also documentation|Proposed article mergers]] * [[Template:Protection templates|Protection]] * [[Template:Quotation templates|Quotation]] * [[Template:R template index|Redirects]] * [[Template:Search templates|Search]] * [[Template:Semantic markup templates|Semantics]] * [[Template:Speedy deletion navbox|Speedy deletion]] ** [[Template:Speedy deletion notices|Notices]] * [[Template:String-handling templates|String-handling]] * [[Template:Sup and sub-related templates|Sup and sub-related]] * [[Template:Top icon templates|Top icon]] * [[Template:Transwiki maintenance|Transwiki maintenance]] * [[Template:Unicode templates|Unicode]] * [[Template:User talk pages|User talk pages]] * [[Template:User noticeboard notices|User noticeboard notices]] * [[Template:WP:UBS|Userboxes]] ** [[Template:User rights templates|User rights]] * [[Template:Userspace linking templates|Userspace linking]] * [[Template:Userspace Disclaimers|Userspace Disclaimers]] * [[Template:Wikibreak templates|Wikibreak]] * [[Template:WikiLove see also|WikiLove]] | group5 = Inline images | list5 = *[[Template:Icon|Wikipedia icons]] *[[Wikipedia:List of discussion templates|Discussion icons]] *[[Template:Done/See also|Comment icons]] *[[Template:Emoji|Emoji]] | group6= Related topics | list6 = * [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|Template documentation]] * [[Wikipedia:Template index/Examples|Examples of templates]] * [[Help:Maintenance template removal|Maintenance template removal]] * [[Wikipedia:Requested templates|Requested templates]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Templates|WikiProject Templates]] * [[Help:Template|Template help]] * [[Wikipedia:Template namespace|Template namespace]] | group7 = Search | list7 = <inputbox> id=style-wide-searchbox type=fulltext width = 25 namespaces=Template** searchbuttonlabel=Search templates break=no placeholder= e.g. Infoboxes </inputbox> | belowstyle = font-weight:bold; | below = * {{icon|CAT}} [[:Category:Wikipedia templates|Category]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> js729vf2sw7kuw50pq6eww9hzfgzyiv 10 11774 84867 2022-05-20T05:07:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Wikipedia templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!----PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE----> This is the {{tl|Wikipedia templates}} navigation box. It is suitable for [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluding]] at the bottoms of [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|template documentation]] and [[Wikipedia:Templates|templates guidelines]]. This [[Wikipedia:Templates|template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Self-references to avoid|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopaedic content. == Usage == <nowiki>{{Wikipedia templates}}</nowiki> <!--The following inserts an explanation of the collapsible option. Note that it does show the right pagename once shown in the green /doc box on the template page:--> {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} == See also == * {{tl|Wikipedia templates sidebar}}, a similar sidebar template. * {{tl|Quicktemplates}}, a table of templates. * {{tl|Wikipedia editor navigation}}, an amalgamation of navboxes that includes this navbox. {{Wikipedia editor navigation templates}} {{Inline cleanup tags}} {{Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!--------CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:---------> [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance navigational templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> sgi3d5encb27221cy4xd0leptjj08j5 10 11775 84868 2022-05-20T05:07:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates | title = [[WP:TMSOURCE|Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates]] | listclass = hlist | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | group1 = Sourcing | list1 = * {{Tlg|Circular}} * {{Tlg|Dubious}} * {{Tlg|Excessive citations}} * {{Tlg|Further reading cleanup}} * {{Tlg|More citations needed}} ** {{Tlg|More citations needed section}} * {{Tlg|More footnotes needed}} * {{Tlg|No footnotes}} * {{Tlg|One source}} ** {{Tlg|One source section}} * {{Tlg|Only primary sources}} ** {{Tlg|NRIS-only}} * {{Tlg|Partisan sources}} * {{Tlg|Primary sources}} ** {{Tlg|Primary sources section}} * {{Tlg|Refexample}} ** {{Tlg|Refexample section}} * {{Tlg|Religious text primary}} * {{Tlg|Self-published}} * {{Tlg|Self reference cleanup}} * {{Tlg|Sources exist}} * {{Tlg|Text-source}} * {{Tlg|Third-party}} * {{Tlg|Unreferenced}} ** {{Tlg|Unreferenced section}} * {{Tlg|Unreliable sources}} ** {{Tlg|Unreliable sources section}} * {{Tlg|Uncited category}} * {{tlg|User-generated}} | group2 = [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|BLP]]-specific | list2 = * {{Tlg|BLP unsourced}} ** {{Tlg|BLP unsourced section}} * {{Tlg|BLP primary sources}} * {{Tlg|BLP self-published}} * {{Tlg|BLP sources}} ** {{Tlg|BLP sources section}} * {{Tlg|BLP IMDb-only refimprove}} * {{Tlg|BLP IMDb refimprove}} * {{Tlg|BLP no footnotes}} * {{Tlg|BLP more footnotes needed}} * {{Tlg|BLP one source}} | group3 = Topic specific | list3 = * {{Tlg|Localist}} * {{Tlg|Media IMDb refimprove}} * {{Tlg|More medical citations needed}} * {{Tlg|More science citations needed}} * {{Tlg|Neologism}} * {{Tlg|Science review}} * {{Tlg|Unreferenced-law}} ** {{Tlg|Unreferenced-law section}} * {{Tlg|Unreferenced-medical section}} | group4 = Dispute-related | list4 = * {{Tlg|Cite check}} ** {{Tlg|Cite check section}} * {{Tlg|Content}} * {{Tlg|Disputed}} ** {{Tlg|Dispute about}} ** {{Tlg|Disputed section}} * {{Tlg|Expert needed}} * {{Tlg|Hoax}} * {{Tlg|Original research}} ** {{Tlg|Original research section}} * {{Tlg|Speculation}} ** {{Tlg|Speculation section}} * {{Tlg|Synthesis}} * {{Tlg|Verifiability}} * {{Tlg|Verify sources}} | group5 = Citation improvements | list5 = * {{Tlg|Bad linked references}} * {{Tlg|Citation style}} * {{Tlg|Citations broken}} * {{Tlg|Cleanup bare URLs}} * {{Tlg|Format footnotes}} * {{Tlg|Full citations needed}} * {{Tlg|Ibid}} * {{Tlg|Page numbers improve}} * {{Tlg|Page numbers needed}} | group6 = General advice | list6 = * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|Citing sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|Reliable sources]] * [[Help:Maintenance template removal |Maintenance template removal]] * [[Wikipedia:Citation needed|Citation needed]] * [[Help:Find sources|Find sources]] * [[Wikipedia:Combining sources|Combining sources]] * [[Help:Overview of referencing styles|Referencing styles]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> mp64p8yn3um5f9hvwmn2723jivpua54 10 11776 84869 2022-05-20T05:08:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == {{Collapsible option}} ==See also== *[[Template:Inline cleanup tags]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Citation and verifiability maintenance templates| ]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance navigational templates]] }}</includeonly> 2o0goz4iizdvnxezt36wdmlave6ukxe 828 11777 84870 2022-05-20T05:09:21Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/table Scribunto text/plain -- Create a table of icons to display on the template test case page require("Module:No globals") local p = {} local m_iconData = mw.loadData("Module:Icon/data") local m_iconSandboxData = mw.loadData("Module:Icon/data/sandbox") local function mergeTables(...) local ret = {} for _, t in ipairs{...} do for k, v in pairs(t) do ret[k] = v end end return ret end local function reconstituteAliases(iconDataCollection) local ret = {} for code, iconData in pairs(iconDataCollection) do local outputData = ret[iconData.canonicalCode] or { aliases = {}, image = iconData.image, tooltip = iconData.tooltip, link = iconData.link, } if code ~= iconData.canonicalCode then table.insert(outputData.aliases, code) end ret[iconData.canonicalCode] = outputData end return ret end local function makeTableData(iconDataCollection) local ret = {} for code, iconData in pairs(reconstituteAliases(iconDataCollection)) do if code ~= '_DEFAULT' then table.insert(ret, {code = code, description = iconData.tooltip, aliases = iconData.aliases}) end end table.sort( ret, function(t1, t2) return t1.code < t2.code end ) for _, t in ipairs(ret) do table.sort(t.aliases) end return ret end function p.testcases(frame) local tableData = makeTableData(mergeTables(m_iconData, m_iconSandboxData)) local ret = { '{| class="wikitable sortable"', '! Code', '! [[Template:Icon|Template]]', '! [[Template:Icon/sandbox|Sandbox]]', '! Description', } local function addRow(code, description) table.insert(ret, '|-') table.insert(ret, '| <code>' .. mw.text.nowiki('{{icon|' .. code .. '}}') .. '</code>') table.insert(ret, '| style="text-align: center" | ' .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'icon', args = {code}}) table.insert(ret, '| style="text-align: center" | ' .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'icon/sandbox', args = {code}}) table.insert(ret, '| ' .. description) end for _, rowData in ipairs(tableData) do addRow(rowData.code, rowData.description) for _, alias in ipairs(rowData.aliases) do addRow(alias, rowData.description) end end table.insert(ret, '|}') return table.concat(ret, '\n') end function p.main(frame) local tableData = makeTableData(m_iconData) local ret = { '{| class="wikitable sortable"', '! Icon', '! Description', '! Code', '! Aliases' } for _, rowData in ipairs(tableData) do table.insert(ret, '|-') table.insert(ret, '| style="text-align: center" | ' .. frame:expandTemplate{title = 'icon', args = {rowData.code}}) table.insert(ret, '| ' .. rowData.description) table.insert(ret, '| <code>' .. mw.text.nowiki('{{icon|' .. rowData.code .. '}}') .. '</code>') local aliasText = {} for _, alias in ipairs(rowData.aliases) do table.insert(aliasText, '<code>' .. alias .. '</code>') end table.insert(ret, '| ' .. table.concat(aliasText, ', ')) end table.insert(ret, '|}') return table.concat(ret, '\n') end return p 2jbqnhexiqy9yoiseqqn77yoh8jbrli 828 11778 84871 2022-05-20T05:09:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki This module creates a test case template using data aggregated from [[Module:Icon/data]] and [[Module:Icon/data/sandbox]]. It is intended to be displayed at [[Template:Icon/testcases]]. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:icon/table|main}}</nowiki></code> == Output == {{#invoke:icon/table|main}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 8elodlhwnrxglv2lgdeub8zuxpldfu5 828 11779 84872 2022-05-20T05:10:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/data/sandbox Scribunto text/plain -- This module stores icon data for [[Module:Icon]]. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Icon data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local data = { fa = { image = "Featured article star.svg", tooltip = "Featured article", link = true, }, far = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured article review", link = true, }, farc = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured article removal candidate", link = true, }, ffa = { aliases = {"dfa"}, image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Former featured article", link = true, }, fac = { aliases = {"fan"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured article candidate", link = true, }, ffac = { aliases = {"nofa"}, image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Failed featured article candidate", link = true, }, fl = { image = "Featured article star.svg", tooltip = "Featured list", link = true, }, flrc = { aliases = {"flr"}, image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured list removal candidate", link = true, }, ffl = { aliases = {"dfl"}, image = "Cscr-featured-strike.svg", tooltip = "Former featured list", link = true, }, flc = { aliases = {"fln"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured list candidate", link = true, }, fflc = { aliases = {"nofl"}, image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Failed featured list candidate", link = true, }, a = { image = "Symbol a class.svg", tooltip = "A-Class article", link = true, }, dac = { aliases = {"daa"}, image = "Symbol unsupport A vote.svg", tooltip = "Demoted A-Class article", link = true, }, acc = { aliases = {"acn", "aac"}, image = "A candidate.svg", tooltip = "A-Class article candidate", link = true, }, noac = { aliases = {"faac"}, image = "Symbol unsupport A vote.svg", tooltip = "Failed A-Class article candidate", link = true, }, ga = { image = "Symbol support vote.svg", tooltip = "Good article", link = false, }, gar = { image = "GA Candidate Neutral vote(ChaosNil).svg", tooltip = "Good article reassessment", link = false, }, dga = { image = "Symbol unsupport vote.svg", tooltip = "Delisted good article", link = false, }, gan = { aliases = {"gac"}, image = "GA candidate.svg", tooltip = "Good article nominee", link = false, }, ga2 = { image = "Symbol neutral vote.svg", tooltip = "Good article, 2nd opinion", link = false, }, gah = { image = "Symbol wait.svg", tooltip = "Good article on hold", link = false, }, fgan = { aliases = {"noga", "gaf", "gf"}, image = "Symbol oppose vote.svg", tooltip = "Failed good article nominee", link = false, }, fp = { image = "Cscr-featured.svg", tooltip = "Featured picture", link = true, }, fpc = { aliases = {"fpn"}, image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured picture candidate", link = true, }, ffp = { image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Former featured picture", link = true, }, vp = { image = "ENWP VP Logo.svg", tooltip = "Valued picture", link = true, }, vpc = { image = "Valued pics 1.svg", tooltip = "Valued picture candidate", link = true, }, fs = { image = "Cscr-featured.svg", tooltip = "Featured sound", link = true, }, ffs = { image = "Cscr-former.svg", tooltip = "Former featured sound", link = true, }, fsc = { image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured sound candidate", link = true, }, fpo = { image = "Linecons big-star.svg", tooltip = "Before the featured portal process ceased in 2017, this had been designated as a featured portal.", link = true, }, fpor = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured portal review", link = true, }, ffpo = { image = "Featured article star - cross.svg", tooltip = "Former featured portal", link = true, }, fpoc = { image = "Cscr-candidate.svg", tooltip = "Featured portal candidate", link = true, }, ft = { image = "Cscr-featuredtopic.svg", tooltip = "Featured topic", link = true, }, ftrc = { image = "Cscr-star piece.png", tooltip = "Featured topic removal candidate", link = true, }, fft = { aliases = {"dft"}, image = "DFT candidate_cluster.svg", tooltip = "Former featured topic", link = true, }, ftc = { aliases = {"ftn"}, image = "FT candidate cluster.svg", tooltip = "Featured topic candidate", link = false, }, gt = { image = "Support cluster.svg", tooltip = "Good topic", link = false, }, gtrc = { image = "Symbol unsupport vote.svg", tooltip = "Good topic removal candidate", link = false, }, gtc = { aliases = {"gtn"}, image = "GA candidate cluster.svg", tooltip = "Good topic candidate", link = false, }, bplus = { aliases = {"b+"}, image = "Symbol bplus class.svg", tooltip = "Bplus-Class article", link = true, }, b = { image = "Symbol b class.svg", tooltip = "B-Class article", link = true, }, br = { aliases = {"bcr"}, image = "Bclass-checklist.svg", tooltip = "B-Class review", link = true, }, c = { image = "Symbol c class.svg", tooltip = "C-Class article", link = true, }, start = { image = "Symbol start class.svg", tooltip = "Start-Class article", link = true, }, stub = { image = "Symbol stub class.svg", tooltip = "Stub-Class article", link = true, }, list = { aliases = {"comparison"}, image = "Symbol list class.svg", tooltip = "List-Class article", link = false, }, no = { image = "Crystal button cancel.svg", tooltip = "Unknown-Class article", link = true, }, book = { image = "Symbol book class2.svg", tooltip = "Wikipedia book", link = true, }, category = { aliases = {"cat", "categ"}, image = "Symbol category class.svg", tooltip = "Category", link = false, }, disambiguation = { aliases = {"dab", "disamb", "disambig"}, image = "Symbol dab class.svg", tooltip = "Disambiguation page", link = true, }, image = { aliases = {"file"}, image = "Symbol file class.svg", tooltip = "File", link = true, }, needed = { image = "Symbol needed class.svg", tooltip = "Needed article", link = false, }, outline = { image = "Global thinking.svg", tooltip = "Outline", link = false, }, portal = { image = "Symbol portal class.svg", tooltip = "Portal", link = true, }, project = { image = "Symbol project class.svg", tooltip = "Project page", link = false, }, redirect = { aliases = {"red", "redir"}, image = "Symbol redirect vote2.svg", tooltip = "Redirect", link = true, }, template = { aliases = {"temp", "templ"}, image = "Symbol template class.svg", tooltip = "Template", link = false, }, essay = { image = "Essay.svg", tooltip = "Essay", link = false, }, na = { image = "Symbol na class.svg", tooltip = "Non-article page", link = true, }, aa = { image = "Yes check.svg", tooltip = "Audited article of limited subject matter", link = false, }, da = { image = "Symbol oppose vote.svg", tooltip = "Demoted article", link = false, }, dyk = { image = "Symbol question.svg", tooltip = "Did You Know?", link = false, }, dyk2 = { image = "DYK questionmark icon.svg", tooltip = "Did You Know?", link = false, }, pr = { image = "Nuvola apps kedit.png", tooltip = "Peer review", link = true, }, ppr = { image = "Nuvola apps kedit.png", tooltip = "Portal peer review", link = true, }, q = { aliases = {"question"}, image = "Symbol question.svg", tooltip = "Question", link = false, }, cleanup = { image = "Edit-clear.svg", tooltip = "Cleanup work", link = false, }, qi = { image = "Quality images logo.svg", tooltip = "Quality image on Wikimedia Commons", link = false, }, vi = { image = "Valued image seal.svg", tooltip = "Valued image on Wikimedia Commons", link = false, }, tfa = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Today's Featured Article", link = true, }, tfl = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Today's Featured List", link = true, }, itn = { image = "Globe current.svg", tooltip = "In The News", link = true, }, otd = { image = "Nuvola apps date.svg", tooltip = "On This Day", link = true, }, wikiproject = { image = "People icon.svg", tooltip = "WikiProject", link = false, }, goce = { image = "Writing Magnifying.PNG", tooltip = "Guild of Copy Editors", link = true, }, wikipedia = { image = "Wikipedia-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikipedia page", link = true, }, commons = { image = "Commons-logo.svg", tooltip = "Commons page", link = false, }, wikiquote = { image = "Wikiquote-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikiquote page", link = false, }, wikiversity = { image = "Wikiversity logo 2017.svg", tooltip = "Wikiversity page", link = true, }, wikibooks = { image = "Wikibooks-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikibooks page", link = true, }, wikisource = { image = "Wikisource-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikisource page", link = true, }, wiktionary = { image = "Wiktionary-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wiktionary page", link = true, }, wikinews = { image = "Wikinews-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikinews page", link = true, }, wikispecies = { image = "Wikispecies-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikispecies page", link = true, }, wikidata = { image = "Wikidata-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikidata page", link = false, }, wikivoyage = { image = "Wikivoyage-logo.svg", tooltip = "Wikivoyage page", link = true, }, meta = { image = "Wikimedia Community Logo.svg", tooltip = "Meta-wiki page", link = false, }, four = { image = "Four Award.svg", tooltip = "Four Award", link = false, }, million = { image = "Million award logo.svg", tooltip = "Million Award", link = true, }, module = { image = "Lua-logo-nolabel.svg", tooltip = "Module", link = false, }, vital = { image = "Círculos_Concéntricos.svg", tooltip = "Vital article", link = false, }, _DEFAULT = { image = "Symbol question.svg", link = false, } } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End icon data -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Make aliases work the same as normal keys, and remove the "aliases" subtables. local ret= {} for code, iconData in pairs(data) do iconData.canonicalCode = code if iconData.aliases then for _, alias in ipairs(iconData.aliases) do ret[alias] = iconData end iconData.aliases = nil end ret[code] = iconData end return ret ghrq3a06mlbgu5aigpg3xs0ktnuseek 828 11780 84873 2022-05-20T05:10:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Icon/data/sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} This module stores icon data for [[Module:Icon]]. == Adding icons == To add a new icon, add a table in the following format: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> code = { image = "My image name.xyz", tooltip = "My tooltip text", link = true, }, </syntaxhighlight> The code should be in lower case. === Fields === * <code>image</code>: the image to be displayed. This should be without the <code>File:</code> prefix. So, if you wanted to add [[:File:Featured article star.svg]], you would use {{code|"Featured article star.svg"|lua}} here. If any of the text you add has double quotes in, you will need to escape it with backslashes like this: {{code|"My \"quoted\" image.svg"|lua}}. * <code>tooltip</code>: the tooltip to be displayed when hovering the mouse above the image. This is optional, although it is recommended you include it. * <code>link</code>: if false, the link to the file description page is suppressed. You should only set this to false if the icon image is in the public domain, or is released under a license that does not require attribution (such as [[CC-0]]). For images released under licenses that require attribution such as [[CC-BY-SA]] and the [[GFDL]], you should set this to true to preserve the link to the file description page. === Aliases === If you want to add aliases for the code, add an <code>aliases</code> table as follows: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> code = { aliases = {"alias1", "alias2"}, image = "My image name.xyz", tooltip = "My tooltip text", link = true, }, </syntaxhighlight> Please make sure that any codes and aliases that you add don't match any existing codes or aliases. If they do, one of them will be overwritten with the other (and it's not possible to say for certain which will be overwritten with which). == Removing icons == Removing icons is fairly easy. Just remove the relevant entry from the data table. You should not remove the _DEFAULT entry, as [[Module:Icon]] relies on it being there, and removing it will cause script errors. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> i0dnna0ryz5ahfw97nrawqututb1ir0 10 11781 84874 2022-05-20T05:16:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lorem ipsum/P3 wikitext text/x-wiki Fusce convallis, mauris imperdiet gravida bibendum, nisl turpis suscipit mauris, sed placerat ipsum urna sed risus. In convallis tellus a mauris. Curabitur non elit ut libero tristique sodales. Mauris a lacus. Donec mattis semper leo. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Vivamus facilisis diam at odio. Mauris dictum, nisi eget consequat elementum, lacus ligula molestie metus, non feugiat orci magna ac sem. Donec turpis. Donec vitae metus. Morbi tristique neque eu mauris. Quisque gravida ipsum non sapien. Proin turpis lacus, scelerisque vitae, elementum at, lobortis ac, quam. Aliquam dictum eleifend risus. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Etiam sit amet diam. Suspendisse odio. Suspendisse nunc. In semper bibendum libero. qv2sza0i5644otxuj66ct8rgl66z1y7 10 11782 84875 2022-05-20T05:21:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lat wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=|4=article}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> lxp8fk70gz2s1n5syfb5tgr2bni5tnz 10 11783 84876 2022-05-20T05:21:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lct wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Category talk:|2={{PAGENAME:{{{1|<includeonly>{{</includeonly>PAGENAME<includeonly>}}</includeonly>}}}}}|3=:Category|4=category}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}}[[Category:Internal category-link templates]] </noinclude> 1wp305cg3m1lcwguauosyamw6st48kb 10 11784 84877 2022-05-20T05:22:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ld wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Draft:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Draft talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> i0i19lpywyapdqzzcqcslj2e77sxatn 10 11785 84878 2022-05-20T05:22:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ldt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Draft talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Draft|4=draft}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> e7xqc5f1mow8xx2q98f631mwps62254 10 11786 84879 2022-05-20T05:22:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lf wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=:File:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=File talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 732jaaul7o5cvi4o0qusbvbq1ljo2kx 10 11787 84880 2022-05-20T05:23:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lft wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=File talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=:File|4=file}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 5cgottiagy0xt4j8l7tndn4hgvosc4y 10 11788 84881 2022-05-20T05:23:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lm wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=MediaWiki:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=MediaWiki talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> l2gy3yy6d2iqrg7gjm6d3shu1vk4zva 10 11789 84882 2022-05-20T05:23:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lmt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=MediaWiki talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=MediaWiki|4=message}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 2ojlspkmckozfp3jfaq5zv8dz1uu03h 10 11790 84883 2022-05-20T05:24:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ln wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1={{#if:{{{1|}}}|:{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}:}}|2={{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|3=:{{{1}}} talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> pa7ie4gldmw2xgr171j2ge7egyil3pa 10 11791 84884 2022-05-20T05:24:51Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lnt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}} talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|3=:{{{1}}}|4={{lcfirst:{{{1}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> a73elqju81w3b7je6hdv35cfhuq2g8x 10 11792 84885 2022-05-20T05:25:16Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lp wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Portal:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Portal talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> o2xbjjwkkr0wyagoxsqq91nw9p6xbmx 10 11793 84886 2022-05-20T05:25:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lpt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Portal talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Portal|4=portal}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 01mik1zeoz8xfj8gn9hyajh2r4lykin 10 11794 84887 2022-05-20T05:25:57Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Ltt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Template talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Template|4=template}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 0gz73mh443mjnz80hqzar0ioguftln1 10 11795 84888 2022-05-20T05:26:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lu wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|User:|{{{1}}}|User talk|talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> gsxnsuuhhwoblbj5zt3d6g973ke13br 10 11796 84889 2022-05-20T05:26:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lut wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=User talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=User|4=user page}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> ikmvu7glrp4fy2xi7rva72dnw2pdxif 10 11797 84890 2022-05-20T05:27:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lw wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Wikipedia:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Wikipedia talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> ftrd7juky5pm7nryl8gjr0ghxd02e9j 10 11798 84891 2022-05-20T05:27:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Lwt wikitext text/x-wiki {{lx|1=Wikipedia talk:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Wikipedia|4=project page}}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> tprigtw00852orns1d5edw3lfe3hybk 10 11799 84892 2022-05-20T05:27:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pagelinks wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:PageLinks|main|separator=pipe|page={{{1|Example}}} | edit | ts | h | wlh | w | tl }}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Ln/doc}} </noinclude> 4lg0wyhcrhdw4zyaaqio4cnarux6k1s 828 11800 84893 2022-05-20T05:28:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:PageLinks Scribunto text/plain local ToolbarBuilder = require('Module:Toolbar') local p = {} -- Page object local trackingCategories = {} -- Table for storing the tracking categories. local demo -- Define a custom error message for this module. local function err(msg, section) local help if section then help = ' ([[Template:Page-multi#' .. section .. '|help]])' else help = '' end local cat if demo == 'yes' then cat = '' else cat = '[[Category:PageLinks transclusions with errors]]' end return '<span class="error">[[Template:Page-multi|Page-multi]] error: ' .. msg .. help .. '.</span>' .. cat end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- To add more link types, write a function that produces an individual link, and put -- -- it at the bottom of the list below. Then, add a link code for your function to the -- -- "linktypes" table. Try and make the code three letters or less. -- -- If you want more helper strings, you can define them in the generatePageDataStrings -- -- function below. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- LINK FUNCTIONS START -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makePageLink() return p.fullText and '[[:' .. p.fullText .. '|' .. p.fullText .. ']]' or '' end local function makeTalkLink() return '[[' .. tostring(p.talkPageTitle) .. '|talk]]' end local function makeTalkOrSubjectLink() if p.isTalkPage then return '[[:' .. tostring(p.subjectPageTitle) .. '|subject]]' else return '[[' .. tostring(p.talkPageTitle) .. '|talk]]' end end local function makeWhatLinksHereLink() return '[[Special:WhatLinksHere/' .. p.fullText .. '|links]]' end local function makeRelatedChangesLink() return '[[Special:RelatedChanges/' .. p.fullText .. '|related]]' end local function makeEditLink() return '[[Special:EditPage/' .. p.fullText .. '|edit]]' end local function makeHistoryLink() return '[[Special:PageHistory/' .. p.fullText .. '|history]]' end local function makeWatchLink() return '[' .. p:fullUrl( 'action=watch' ) .. ' watch]' end local function makeTargetLogsLink() local url = mw.uri.fullUrl( 'Special:Log', 'page=' .. mw.uri.encode(p.fullText) ) return '[' .. tostring(url) .. ' logs]' end local function makeEditFilterLogLink() local url = mw.uri.fullUrl( 'Special:AbuseLog', 'wpSearchTitle=' .. mw.uri.encode(p.fullText) ) return '[' .. tostring(url) .. ' abuse&nbsp;filter&nbsp;log]' end local function makePageViewsLink(args) local endDate, startDate = "", "" if args.date then local date = string.gsub(args.date,"-","") date = os.time{year=string.sub(date,1,4), month=string.sub(date,5,6), day=string.sub(date,7,8)} endDate = os.date("%Y-%m-%d", date - (1*86400)) startDate = os.date("%Y-%m-%d", date - (30*86400)) else endDate = os.date("%Y-%m-%d") startDate = os.date("%Y-%m-%d", os.time() - (60*86400)) end local project = string.sub(mw.site.server,3) local url = mw.uri.encode(p.fullText, "WIKI") local urlargs = '?start=' .. startDate .. '&end=' .. endDate .. '&project=' .. project .. '&pages=' .. tostring(url) if #urlargs > 255 then -- Extra chars can tip it over the max length for an IW link. return '[https://pageviews.toolforge.org/?' .. urlargs .. ' stats]' end return '[[:toolforge:pageviews/' .. urlargs .. '|stats]]' end local function makeHistory500Link() local url = p:fullUrl( 'action=history&limit=500' ); return '[' .. url .. ' long history]' end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- LINK FUNCTIONS END -- -- To enable new link functions, add the code to the "linktypes" table directly below. -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local linktypes = { {'t' , makeTalkLink}, {'ts' , makeTalkOrSubjectLink}, {'wlh' , makeWhatLinksHereLink}, {'rc' , makeRelatedChangesLink}, {'edit', makeEditLink}, {'h' , makeHistoryLink}, {'w' , makeWatchLink}, {'tl' , makeTargetLogsLink}, {'efl' , makeEditFilterLogLink}, {'vlm-sgs' , makePageViewsLink}, {'pv' , makePageViewsLink}, {'h500', makeHistory500Link}, } local function getLink(linktype, args) local linkNumber for i, value in ipairs(linktypes) do if value[1] == linktype then linkNumber = i break end end if not linkNumber then return err('"' .. linktype .. '" is not a valid link code', 'Not a valid link code') end local result = linktypes[linkNumber][2](args) if type(result) ~= 'string' then return err( 'the function for code "' .. linktype .. '" did not return a string value', 'Function did not return a string value' ) end return result end local function makeToolbar(args) local targs = {} local numArgsExist = false for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and p then numArgsExist = true targs[k] = getLink(v, args) end end targs.style = args.small and 'font-size: 90%;' targs.separator = args.separator or 'dot' targs.class = 'lx' if numArgsExist == false then return nil -- Don't return a toolbar if no numeric arguments exist. -- this bit looks odd else return ToolbarBuilder.main(targs) end end local function generatePageDataStrings(args) -- If the page name is absent or blank, return an error and a tracking category. if args.page == '' or not args.page then return err('no page detected') end local noError noError, p = pcall(mw.title.new, args.page) if not noError then return err('pcall mw.title failed') end if args.exists and (not p or p['id'] == 0) then return err('page not found') end end local function generateTrackingCategories() if demo == 'yes' then return '' else return table.concat(trackingCategories) end end -- This function generates a table of all available link types, with their previews. -- It is used in the module documentation. local function getLinkTable(args) demo = args.demo -- Set the demo variable. -- Generate the page data strings and return any errors. local dataStringError = generatePageDataStrings(args) if dataStringError then return dataStringError end -- Build a table of all of the links. local result = '<table class="wikitable plainlinks sortable">' .. '\n<tr><th>Code</th><th>Preview</th></tr>' for i, value in ipairs(linktypes) do local code = value[1] result = result .. "\n<tr><td>'''" .. code .. "'''</td><td>" .. getLink(code, args) .. '</td></tr>' end result = result .. '\n</table>' return result end local function getSingleLink(args) demo = args.demo -- Set the demo variable. -- Generate the page data strings and return any errors. local dataStringError = generatePageDataStrings(args) if dataStringError then return dataStringError end local linktype = args[1] if not linktype then return err('no link type specified') end local result = getLink(linktype, args) result = result .. generateTrackingCategories() return result end local function getLinksToolbar(args) demo = args.demo -- Set the demo variable. -- Generate the page data strings and return any errors. local dataStringError = generatePageDataStrings(args) if dataStringError then return dataStringError end -- Build the template output. local result = makeToolbar(args) -- Get the toolbar contents. result = (result or '') .. generateTrackingCategories() return result end local function getLinks(args) local result = getLinksToolbar(args) if result then if args.sup then result = '^{' .. result .. '}' end result = '&nbsp;' .. result else result = '' -- If there are no links specified, don't return the toolbar at all. end if args.nopage then result = '<span>' .. result .. '</span>' else if p then result = '<span>' .. makePageLink() .. result .. '</span>' else result = '<span>[[' .. args.page .. ']]' .. result .. '</span>' end end return result end local function getExampleLinks(args) -- This function enables example output without having to specify any -- parameters to #invoke. args.demo = 'yes' args.page = 'Example' return getLinks(args) end local function makeWrapper(func) return function (frame) -- If called via #invoke, use the args passed into the invoking template. -- Otherwise, for testing purposes, assume args are being passed directly in. local origArgs if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then origArgs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do origArgs = frame.args break end else origArgs = frame end -- Strip whitespace, and treat blank arguments as nil. -- 'page', and 'separator' have different behaviour depending on -- whether they are blank or nil, so keep them as they are. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if v ~= '' or k == 'page' or k == 'separator' then args[k] = v end end return func(args) end end return { main = makeWrapper(getLinks), single = makeWrapper(getSingleLink), toolbar = makeWrapper(getLinksToolbar), linktable = makeWrapper(getLinkTable), example = makeWrapper(getExampleLinks) } 2r099xb5zmxpr6rua963f1ufee43g48 828 11801 84894 2022-05-20T05:28:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:PageLinks/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{high use}} This module makes {{tl|page-multi}} work, and is modeled on {{tl|user-multi}}. See that template's documentation for more information. == Tracking/maintenance category == * {{clc|PageLinks transclusions with errors}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|| <!-- Categories go here and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> once5xegjwd8qepp07g4o7d2mx0a7hf 10 11802 84895 2022-05-20T05:29:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Transclusionless wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox|text=This template may have no transclusions, because {{{reason|it is substituted by a tool or script, it is used as part of a short-term or less active Wikipedia process, or for some other reason}}}.}}<!-- --><includeonly>{{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}} |doc |sandbox= |[[Category:Wikipedia transclusionless templates]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 1upn4oad306lwl8faisx9lsj9uxwvd6 10 11803 84896 2022-05-20T05:29:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Transclusionless/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This template can be added to templates' {{tl|documentation}} pages or within {{tag|noinclude}} tags for templates that are used occasionally but that may often have zero transclusions. Adding this template will prevent the template on which it is transcluded from appearing on reports of unused templates like [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Unused templates/1]], which in turn will limit misguided [[WP:TFD|TfD]] nominations. Examples of reasons why useful templates may not have any transclusions include, but are not limited to: * They are applied to [[WP:CSD|speedy deletion candidates]], which are then deleted, leaving no transclusions of the template. * They are substituted or otherwise applied by a script or tool like [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] or the [[Wikipedia:Page Curation|page curation tools]]. (Also see below for a note about {{tl|Always substitute}}.) * They are applied to File pages to tag them with copyright-related concerns, and are then removed when those concerns are addressed or when the file is deleted. * They are "preload" or boilerplate pages or page fragments that are used to build new pages. == Usage == :{{tlx|Transclusionless}} {{transclusionless}} '''Do not use this for templates that must be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]]!''' That is what {{tl|Always substitute}} is for. ===Parameters=== {{para|reason}} can be used to customize the message within the template. The default reason, which will be replaced by your custom text, is "it is substituted by a tool or script, it is used as part of a short-term or less active Wikipedia process, or for some other reason". {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> inbmv2114cws14msos8lrvpiuq4bhob 10 11804 84897 2022-05-20T05:30:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:List of subst helper templates wikitext text/x-wiki == List of subst helper templates == * {{tl|require substitution}} – Prints an error unless substituted. ** {{tl|always substitute}} – For the doc of the above templates; prints a message asking for it be substituted. ** {{tl|never substitute}} – The reverse of {{tlf|always substitute}}. For the doc of templates which should ''not'' be substituted; prints a message asking for it not to be substituted. ** {{tl|may be substituted}} – For the doc of templates whose substitution is optional. ** {{tl|substitution}} – Allows free-fill description of whether the template should be substituted and under what conditions. * {{tl|ifsubst}} – Forks if substituted or not. * {{tl|issubst}} – Returns "yes" if substituted. * [[Module:Unsubst]] – Prevents substitution. * [[Module:Unsubst-infobox]] – Prevents substitution for infoboxes, cleans up parameters.<noinclude>[[Category:Template documentation]] [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] [[Category:Template namespace templates]] </noinclude> e6k28yzjknnuhmpj7rr93e2w33hr8os 10 11805 84898 2022-05-20T05:30:28Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Require substitution wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{nosubst|{{{subst|}}}}}}{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}issubst}} | {{{1|}}} | {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}error | This template must be [[Wikipedia:Template substitution|substituted]]{{ #if:{{{template|}}} |. Replace <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{template}}} ...<nowiki>}} with {{</nowiki>subst:{{{template}}} ...<nowiki>}}</nowiki> }}.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qfmvltdo4nthf5zkjemdmspsrpy21ks 10 11806 84899 2022-05-20T05:30:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Require substitution/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> === Usage === Metatemplate that can be wrapped around a template that requires substitution. <pre>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}require subst | ... (normal template code) ... }}</pre> {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Wikipedia metatemplates]] [[ja:Template:Require subst]] [[sl:Predloga:Obvezno subst]] }}</includeonly> 8ap7n4j010n95mi5rrod901llda3b15 10 11807 84900 2022-05-20T05:31:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Always substitute wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst|main|$B= {{Ombox | name = Subst only | type = notice | text = '''This template should always be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]''' (i.e., use <!-- -->{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tlsp|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}|{{Tlsu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}). <!-- -->{{#if:{{yesno|{{{auto|no}}}}} |Any accidental transclusions will be automatically substituted by a bot.{{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|[[Category:Wikipedia templates to be automatically substituted]]}}}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{alt|}}} |For transcluding, use {{Tl|{{{alt|}}}}} instead.}} }}{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|[[Category:Wikipedia substituted templates]]}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> bg7p9j9y36zua55z3gjuapyk680waf3 10 11808 84901 2022-05-20T05:31:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Always substitute/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Never substitute}} {{High-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!--- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES WHERE INDICATED AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE ---> {{tlf|Always substitute}} produces the following notice: <div style="padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.6em;">{{Subst only|actualtemplate={{tlg|foo|subst=on}}}}</div> (but {{tlf|Always substitute}} itself should '''''not''''' be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]].) === Usage === <code><nowiki>{{Always substitute}}</nowiki></code> {{tlf|Always substitute}} should be placed on the {{strong|[[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpage|subpage]]}} of any template that requires [[Help:Substitution|substitution]] rather than [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transclusion]] (i.e. not on the template's own page itself). Pages that include {{tlf|Always substitute}} are added to [[:Category:Wikipedia substituted templates]]. === Parameters === {{para|auto}} : If set as "yes", the template to which the notice refers will be subst:ed automatically unless the {{para|demo|yes}} parameter is set. The notice is amended to state this. Default is "no". Setting this parameter to "yes" places the template in {{cl|Wikipedia templates to be automatically substituted}}; see [[User:AnomieBOT/docs/TemplateSubster]] for more information. {{para|alt}} : Use to set an alternate and transcludable name for the template. == Redirects == * {{tl|substed}} * {{tl|substitute}} * {{tl|substituted}} * {{tl|substonly}} * {{tl|subst only}} {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!--- CATEGORIES HERE, PLEASE: ---> {{DEFAULTSORT:Substitute, Always}} [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> odive0o8b2tdhqcdsmv5vg9uth2j1dr 10 11809 84902 2022-05-20T05:31:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:May be substituted wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox |type=notice |text='''This template may be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]].''' {{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> foxte0psk0wd5tzou7va9ofdv71svs9 10 11810 84903 2022-05-20T05:32:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:May be substituted/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{May be substituted}}</nowiki></code> This template should be placed on the <big>[[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpage|subpage]]</big> (not the template page itself) of any template that may be substituted (but may also be [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]]). '''Parameters''' * This template accepts one optional parameter, which can be used to give a more detailed description of why the template in question should not be substituted. For example, <code><nowiki>{{May be substituted|Example text.}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{May be substituted|Example text.}} {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> ozc91n7zi4god6m5zltszvo8a4co0bd 10 11811 84904 2022-05-20T05:32:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Subst only wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Always substitute]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} cpkkbcik3g883v8um8b0efgemh506tq 10 11812 84905 2022-05-20T05:33:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Substitution wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ombox | type = notice | text = {{#if:{{{2|}}}||}}This template should {{big|'''{{{1}}}'''}} be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&#32;{{{2}}}}}. }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> p6hthsba1o4thmng8yidwlm73ep1432 10 11813 84906 2022-05-20T05:33:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Substitution/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Template:Subst|Template:Substituted}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{nosubst}} ==Examples== === With middle text but no additional text at the end === <code><nowiki>{{Substitution|not}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Substitution|not}} === With both middle text and additional text at the end=== <code><nowiki>{{Substitution|only (at least as of </nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>)|if temperatures fall and it starts to snow}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Substitution|only (at least as of {{CURRENTYEAR}})|if temperatures fall and it starts to snow}} === With no middle text but some additional text at the end=== <code><nowiki>{{Substitution| |if you wish to ensure your emoji's image remains the same even if its template's image is changed}}</nowiki></code> produces: {{Substitution| |if you wish to ensure your emoji image remains the same even if its template image is changed}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata>{ "description": "Use this template to add a message box to a template's documentation subpage indicating if and how that template should be substituted.", "params": { "first parameter": { "label": "1", "description": "Inserts any helpful or instructive text in bold font such as 'always' or 'never' between the words 'should' and 'be' in the resulting message box; if no such instruction is desired, this parameter should be entered as a single blank typed space (in this sense, the parameter is required: it must be an instructive word OR it must be a blank typed space—it must NOT be left with no entry", "type": "string", "example": "never", "required": true }, "second parameter": { "label": "2", "description": "This parameter takes any text you add to it and places it at the end of the sentence that the message box generates; it should NOT end in a period", "type": "string", "example": "unless older versions cannot be found", "default": "", "required": false } } }</templatedata> ==See also== * {{tl|Transclusionless}} {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Documentation header templates]] }}</includeonly> mnscztweb7o4qx3hm68cmjvtl7a3nup 10 11814 84907 2022-05-20T05:34:13Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Issubst wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}||yes }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s2vfqo11l48xl4j1i3hxn4tc99v8imb 10 11815 84908 2022-05-20T05:34:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Issubst/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Usage == Meta template that returns "yes" if evaluated during substitution, and the empty string if evaluated during transclusion.<br />Note that this template must be used in [[meta:Help:Safesubst|safesubst]] mode to work properly: :<code><nowiki>{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>issubst}}</nowiki></code> == Examples == *"<code><nowiki>{{issubst}}</nowiki></code>" → "{{issubst}}" *"<code><nowiki>{{subst:issubst}}</nowiki></code>" → "yes" {{List of subst helper templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:If-then-else templates]] }}</includeonly> g0tt42cwtps5zg26n83ie85nmwfw65p 828 11816 84909 2022-05-20T05:34:50Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unsubst-infobox Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local specialParams = { ['$params'] = 'all parameters', ['$extra'] = 'extra parameters', ['$set1'] = 'parameter set 1', ['$set2'] = 'parameter set 2', ['$set3'] = 'parameter set 3', ['$aliases'] = 'parameter aliases', ['$indent'] = 'indent', ['$flags'] = 'flags', ['$B'] = 'template content', ['$template-name'] = 'template invocation name override' } p[''] = function ( frame ) if not frame:getParent() then error( '{{#invoke:Unsubst-infobox|}} makes no sense without a parent frame' ) end if not frame.args['$B'] then error( '{{#invoke:Unsubst-infobox|}} requires parameter $B (template content)' ) end if not frame.args['$params'] then error( '{{#invoke:Unsubst-infobox|}} requires parameter $params (parameter list)' ) end if mw.isSubsting() then ---- substing -- Combine passed args with passed defaults local args = {} if string.find( ','..(frame.args['$flags'] or '')..',', ',%s*override%s*,' ) then for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if not specialParams[k] then if v == '__DATE__' then v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' ) end args[k] = v end end else for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do if not specialParams[k] then if v == '__DATE__' then v = mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate( 'F Y' ) end args[k] = v end end for k, v in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do args[k] = v end end -- Build an equivalent template invocation -- First, find the title to use local titleobj = mw.title.new(frame:getParent():getTitle()) local title if titleobj.namespace == 10 then -- NS_TEMPLATE title = titleobj.text elseif titleobj.namespace == 0 then -- NS_MAIN title = ':' .. titleobj.text else title = titleobj.prefixedText end if frame.args['$template-name'] and '' ~= frame.args['$template-name'] then title = frame.args['$template-name'] -- override whatever the template name is with this name end -- Remove empty fields for k, v in pairs( args ) do if v == '' then args[k] = nil end end -- Pull information from parameter aliases local aliases = {} if frame.args['$aliases'] then local list = mw.text.split( frame.args['$aliases'], '%s*,%s*' ) for k, v in ipairs( list ) do local tmp = mw.text.split( v, '%s*>%s*' ) aliases[(tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[1], '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or tmp[1]] = ((tonumber(mw.ustring.match(tmp[2], '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or tmp[2]) end end for k, v in pairs( aliases ) do if args[k] and not args[v] then args[v], args[k] = args[k], nil end end -- Build the invocation body with numbered args first, then named local ret = '{{' .. title for k, v in ipairs( args ) do if mw.ustring.find( v, '=', 1, true ) then -- likely something like 1=foo=bar, we need to do it as a named arg break end if not aliases[k] then ret = ret .. '|' .. v args[k] = nil end end -- Pull lists from special parameters local params = mw.text.split( frame.args['$params'], '%s*,%s*' ) for k, v in ipairs( params ) do params[k] = (tonumber(mw.ustring.match(v, '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or v end local sets, setparams, extra = {{}, {}, {}}, {}, {} for k = 1, 3 do local v = frame.args['$set' .. k] if v then setparams[k] = mw.text.split( v, '%s*,%s*' ) for x, y in ipairs( setparams[k] ) do setparams[k][x] = (tonumber(mw.ustring.match(y, '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or y sets[k][setparams[k][x]] = true end end end if frame.args['$extra'] then local tmp = mw.text.split( frame.args['$extra'], '%s*,%s*' ) for k, v in ipairs( tmp ) do extra[(tonumber(mw.ustring.match(v, '^[1-9][0-9]*$'))) or v] = true end end -- Replace parameter list with short version if full version not necessary local tmp = {} for k, v in ipairs( sets ) do if next(v) then -- if table v is not empty for _, x in ipairs( params ) do if args[x] and not v[x] then tmp[k] = true break end end if not tmp[k] then params = setparams[k] end end end -- Align parameters correctly and remove extra ones local maxlength = 0 local discard = {} for k, v in ipairs( params ) do if (not extra[v]) or args[v] then local tmp = mw.ustring.len( tostring( v ) ) if tmp > maxlength then maxlength = tmp end else table.insert( discard, 1, k ) end end for k, v in ipairs( discard ) do table.remove( params, v ) end local indent = string.rep(' ', (tonumber(frame.args['$indent']) or 0)) local space, newline = ' ', '\n' if not next(params) then space, newline = '', '' end for k, v in ipairs( params ) do local tmp = space if mw.ustring.match( mw.ustring.sub( ( args[v] or '' ) .. ' ', 1, 1 ), '[%*:;#]' ) then tmp = '\n' end ret = ret .. newline .. indent .. '|' .. space .. v .. string.rep(' ', (maxlength - mw.ustring.len( v ))) .. space .. '=' .. tmp .. (args[v] or '') end ret = ret .. newline .. '}}' ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, '%s+\n', '\n') return ret else -- Not substing -- Just return the "body" return frame.args['$B'] end end return p 2yl5v10a96dcw8ttrp76aro3sffx0kb 828 11817 84910 2022-05-20T05:35:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Unsubst-infobox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Module rating|protected}} {{high-risk|208499}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}||$B=''template body''|$params=''parameters''}}</code> Infoboxes should never be substituted. A trick to avoid that is to make a template substitute to its transcluded form. This module is similar to [[Module:Unsubst]]. ''parameters'' is a comma-separated list of the names of parameters the invoking infobox template can take. == Parameter list == ; $B : The content of the template, as it would be without the module being used. ; $params : A comma-separated list of template parameters, without any aliases. ; $aliases : A comma-separated list of parameter replacements, in the format <code>old1>new1,old2>new2</code>. ; $extra : A comma-separated list of any parameters listed in $params which don't need to be shown after substitution unless they are already being used in the template; i.e. if a parameter is in both lists and is not used or blank in a particular transclusion, then on substitution the parameter will not be displayed. ; $set1 : A shorter list of parameters, comma-separated. If all the parameters used in a transclusion are in this list, then this will be used to generate the parameter names instead of ($params − $extra). This might be used if an infobox has multiple parameters that are only applicable to some group of articles. ; $set2 : Same as $set1, but only used if some of the parameters are not in $set1. ; $set3 : Same as $set2, but only used if some of the parameters are not in $set2 (i.e. all parameters are in this list, some parameters are not in $set1, and some parameters are not in $set2). ; $indent : The number of additional spaces before each line. Useful for child infoboxes. ; $flags : A list of comma-separated flags. The only valid input for this parameter at present is "override", which tells the template to supersede the original input to the template with any parameters which are set in the module; i.e. if the template transclusion uses {{para|number|6}} but the module invocation uses {{para|date|7}}, if the module invocation contains <code>override</code> in {{para|$flags}} then the output will be {{para|date|7}} and if it doesn't then the output will be {{para|date|6}}. ; $template-name : May be used to override the default template name. All other parameters are treated as input to the template. If the input value is not blank and the input parameter is a valid parameter of the template, then the value will appear in the post-substitution content if the transclusion's value is blank; if the module invocation contains <code>override</code> in {{para|$flags}} then the value will appear in the post-substitution content regardless of what the transclusion's value is. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 44fnwyaqpb8snueqw91tyixb8ag0iz7 828 11818 84911 2022-05-20T05:38:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Protection banner/documentation/config Scribunto text/plain -- This module contains messages used to generate the documentation for -- [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -- Reason table headings. ['documentation-heading-reason'] = 'Reason', ['documentation-heading-action'] = 'Action', ['documentation-heading-description'] = 'Description', -- Blurb to display if no reasons were found in the module config. ['documentation-blurb-noreasons'] = 'No reason values were found in the module' .. ' configuration.', } 1hgoczciij55c2768j2k1ubzxkco9p9 10 11819 84912 2022-05-20T05:39:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sans-serif wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><pre></noinclude><span style="font-family:sans-serif;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude></pre> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gmbdfw6ovtxbzs0xj082ls1dkgwlf2m 10 11820 84913 2022-05-20T05:39:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Sans-serif/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> == Usage == <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] }}</includeonly> 7y4pexac543s6elyze227nuz6wxsgy5 10 11821 84914 2022-05-20T05:48:32Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Csdoc wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Citation Style documentation]]{{R from template shortcut}} 1wt7ij6rzt3vfufgon1tw1ycigvclx0 10 11822 84915 2022-05-20T05:48:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation Style documentation wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Citation Style documentation/{{{1|}}}|_include-positional=yes}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 0mwkn46ojtl7cqp14gr4m3fyfcqfpom 10 11823 84916 2022-05-20T05:49:06Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Citation Style documentation/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{template shortcut|csdoc}} {{notice|When updating this template keep in mind that it is used on a number of template documentation pages. If the parameters in question are unique to a template, then either add it manually to the template documentation or create a new section here for transclusion.}} ==Usage== This template is used to build consistent documentation pages for {{cs1}} templates. : For example: {{tlx|Citation Style documentation|author}} will show the author documentation. Where a particular section of documentation is not appropriate for a certain template, simply add the text manually or create a new subtemplate. Each module of text is a subtemplate that can be edited using the link. ==Section usage== When creating template documentation, use the following order of sections and content: * Lead: a brief overview of the template intent * Usage: samples of blank parameters that can be copied and pasted * Examples: examples of various usage * Parameters: detailed descriptions of each parameter ** Syntax: overview of the template syntax ** Deprecated: list of deprecated parameters ** Description: parameter descriptions separated by function in this general order: *** Authors *** Title *** Date *** Publisher *** Edition, series, volume *** In-source locations *** URL *** Anchor *** Identifiers *** Quote *** Editors *** Lay summary *** Display options ==Lead section== Use {{tlx|csdoc|lead|content}} to create consistent content for the lead: {{Citation Style documentation/edit|lead}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= One unnamed parameter is used to create the trailing text.}} {{markup |<nowiki>{{csdoc|lead|books}}</nowiki> |{{csdoc|lead|books}} }} ===Lua notice=== {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|{{Citation Style documentation/edit|lua}}}} {{clear}} ==Usage section== Start the usage section with {{tlx|csdoc|usage}}: : {{csdoc|usage}} Parameters to copy are enclosed in tables created by sub-templates. ===Full horizontal style=== * Start with {{tlx|csdoc|usage full}} * Precede the sample markup with <code>:</code> to create an indent * Enclose the sample in {{tag|code|content={{tag|nowiki}}}} * Close the table with {{tlx|end}} {{pre|<nowiki> {{csdoc|usage full}} :<code>&lt;nowiki>{{cite xxxxx |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |name-list-style= |vauthors= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |collaboration= |contributor-last1= |contributor-first1= |contributor-link1= |contributor-last2= |contributor-first2= |contributor-link2= |others= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editor-last3= |editor-first3= |editor-link3= |veditors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |work= |script-work= |trans-work= |issue= |department= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |contribution= |type= |edition= |series= |series-link= |episode= |event= |agency= |volume= |date= |year= |orig-date= |df= |publisher= |location= |publication-place= |via= |language= |page= |pages= |no-pp= |at= |minutes= |time= |time-caption= |id= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |sbn= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |url= |format= |archive-url= |archive-format= |url-status= |archive-date= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |access-date= |no-tracking= |quote= |ref= |mode= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |display-authors= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |display-translators= |contributor-mask1= |contributor-mask2= |display-contributors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |editor-mask3= |display-editors= |postscript= |url-access= |chapter-url-access= |bibcode-access= |doi-access= |hdl-access= |jstor-access= |ol-access= |osti-access= |map= |script-map= |trans-map= |map-url= |map-format= |map-url-access= |scale= |cartography= |inset= |sections= |interviewer-last1= |interviewer-first1= |interviewer-link1= |interviewer-last2= |interviewer-first2= |interviewer-link2= |interviewer-mask1= |interviewer-mask2= |display-interviewers= |season= |series-number= |series-separator= |network= |station= |transcript= |transcript-url= |transcript-format= |conference= |conference-url= |conference-format=}}&lt;/nowiki></code> {{end}}</nowiki> }} {{csdoc|usage full}} :<code><nowiki>{{cite xxxxx |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |name-list-style= |vauthors= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |collaboration= |contributor-last1= |contributor-first1= |contributor-link1= |contributor-last2= |contributor-first2= |contributor-link2= |others= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editor-last3= |editor-first3= |editor-link3= |veditors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |work= |script-work= |trans-work= |issue= |department= |chapter= |script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |contribution= |type= |edition= |series= |series-link= |episode= |event= |agency= |volume= |date= |year= |orig-date= |df= |publisher= |location= |publication-place= |via= |language= |page= |pages= |no-pp= |at= |minutes= |time= |time-caption= |id= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |sbn= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |url= |format= |archive-url= |archive-format= |url-status= |archive-date= |chapter-url= |chapter-format= |access-date= |no-tracking= |quote= |ref= |mode= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |display-authors= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |display-translators= |contributor-mask1= |contributor-mask2= |display-contributors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |editor-mask3= |display-editors= |postscript= |url-access= |chapter-url-access= |bibcode-access= |doi-access= |hdl-access= |jstor-access= |ol-access= |osti-access= |map= |script-map= |trans-map= |map-url= |map-format= |map-url-access= |scale= |cartography= |inset= |sections= |interviewer-last1= |interviewer-first1= |interviewer-link1= |interviewer-last2= |interviewer-first2= |interviewer-link2= |interviewer-mask1= |interviewer-mask2= |display-interviewers= |season= |series-number= |series-separator= |network= |station= |transcript= |transcript-url= |transcript-format= |conference= |conference-url= |conference-format=}}</nowiki></code> {{end}} The above set is organised contextually rather than alphabetically. The following parameters, which are usually available for at least a few cite templates, are not included in the full parameter set above: {{para|authors}}; {{para|book-title}}; {{para|class}}; {{para|degree}}; {{para|docket}}; {{para|encyclopedia}}; {{para|mailing-list}}; {{para|message-id}}; {{para|number}}; {{para|publication-date}}; {{para|section}}; {{para|sheet}}; {{para|sheets}}; {{para|title-link}}; {{para|s2cid}}. ===Most commonly used horizontal style=== * Start with {{tlx|csdoc|usage common}} * Precede the sample markup with <code>:</code> to create an indent * Enclose the sample in {{tag|code|content={{tag|nowiki}}}} * Close the table with {{tlx|end}} {{pre|<nowiki> {{csdoc|usage common}} :<code>&lt;nowiki>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |title= |url= |access-date= |date= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |page= |pages=}}&lt;/nowiki></code> {{end}}</nowiki> }} {{csdoc|usage common}} :<code><nowiki>{{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |title= |url= |access-date= |date= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |page= |pages=}}</nowiki></code> {{end}} ===Full vertical style=== The full vertical style can be implemented in a three-columns format (only practical when the number of parameters is not too extended) or in a four-columns format. ====Three-columns format==== The full vertical style in three columns consists of a "Vertical list", "Prerequisites" and "Brief instructions / notes". <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> <!-- * Start with: --> {{csdoc|usage vertical}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> <!-- * Create the vertical list column * Separate the next column with: --> </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> <!-- * Create the prerequisites column; blank lines must include a <code>&nbsp;</code> * Separate the next column with: --> </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> <!-- * Create the instructions column; blank lines must include a <code>&nbsp;</code> * End with: --> </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical end}} </syntaxhighlight> Example: <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {{csdoc|usage vertical}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> {{cite book | last = | first = | author-link = }} </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; last &nbsp; &nbsp; </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> &nbsp; same as last1 same as first1 &nbsp; &nbsp; </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical end}} {{csdoc|usage vertical}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> {{cite book | last = | first = | author-link = }} </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> &nbsp; &nbsp; last &nbsp; &nbsp; </pre> {{csdoc|usage vertical mid}} <pre style="margin:0px;"> &nbsp; same as last1 same as first1 &nbsp; &nbsp; {{csdoc|usage vertical end}} </syntaxhighlight> ====Four-columns format==== <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> {| class="wikitable" |+ Full parameter set in vertical format ! Parameters !! Prerequisites !! Brief instructions / notes !! Vertical list |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | | Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;" | <pre style="margin:0px; border:none;"> {{cite xxxxx |last1 = |first1 = |author-link1 = }} </pre> |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: first; given1; given; author-first1; author-first; (etc.)|first1}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | Author's first name. Don't link. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author-link; subject-link1; subject-link; (etc.)|author-link1}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. |} </syntaxhighlight> {| class="wikitable" |+ Full parameter set in vertical format ! Parameters !! Prerequisites !! Brief instructions / notes !! Vertical list |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | | Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. | rowspan="179" style="vertical-align:top;" | <pre style="margin:0px; border:none;"> {{cite xxxxx |last1 = |first1 = |author-link1 = |last2 = |first2 = |author-link2 = |last3 = |first3 = |author-link3 = |last4 = |first4 = |author-link4 = |last5 = |first5 = |author-link5 = |name-list-style = |vauthors = |translator-last1 = |translator-first1 = |translator-link1 = |translator-last2 = |translator-first2 = |translator-link2 = |collaboration = |contributor-last1 = |contributor-first1 = |contributor-link1 = |contributor-last2 = |contributor-first2 = |contributor-link2 = |others = |editor-last1 = |editor-first1 = |editor-link1 = |editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = |editor-link2 = |editor-last3 = |editor-first3 = |editor-link3 = |veditors = |title = |script-title = |trans-title = |work = |script-work = |trans-work = |issue = |department = |chapter = |script-chapter = |trans-chapter = |contribution = |type = |edition = |series = |series-link = |episode = |event = |agency = |volume = |date = |year = |orig-date = |df = |publisher = |location = |publication-place = |via = |language = |page = |pages = |no-pp = |at = |minutes = |time = |time-caption = |id = |arxiv = |asin = |asin-tld = |bibcode = |biorxiv = |citeseerx = |doi = |doi-broken-date = |eissn = |hdl = |sbn = |isbn = |ismn = |issn = |jfm = |jstor = |lccn = |mr = |oclc = |ol = |osti = |pmc = |embargo = |pmid = |rfc = |ssrn = |zbl = |url = |format = |archive-url = |archive-format = |url-status = |archive-date = |chapter-url = |chapter-format = |access-date = |no-tracking = |quote = |ref = |mode = |author-mask1 = |author-mask2 = |author-mask3 = |author-mask4 = |author-mask5 = |display-authors = |translator-mask1 = |translator-mask2 = |display-translators = |contributor-mask1 = |contributor-mask2 = |display-contributors = |editor-mask1 = |editor-mask2 = |editor-mask3 = |display-editors = |postscript = |url-access = |chapter-url-access = |bibcode-access = |doi-access = |hdl-access = |jstor-access = |ol-access = |osti-access = |map = |script-map = |trans-map = |map-url = |map-format = |map-url-access = |scale = |cartography = |inset = |sections = |interviewer-last1 = |interviewer-first1 = |interviewer-link1 = |interviewer-last2 = |interviewer-first2 = |interviewer-link2 = |interviewer-mask1 = |interviewer-mask2 = |display-interviewers = |season = |series-number = |series-separator = |network = |station = |transcript = |transcript-url = |transcript-format = |conference = |conference-url = |conference-format = }} </pre> |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: first; given1; given; author-first1; author-first; (etc.)|first1}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | Author's first name. Don't link. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author-link; author1-link; subject-link1; subject-link; (etc.)|author-link1}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author2; author-last2; (etc.)|last2}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | Like <code>last1</code>, but for 2nd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: given2; author-first2; (etc.)|first2}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author2; author-last2; (etc.)|last2}} | Like <code>first1</code>, but for 2nd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author2-link; subject-link2; (etc.)|author-link2}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author2; author-last2; (etc.)|last2}} | Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 2nd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author3; author-last3; (etc.)|last3}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author2; author-last2; (etc.)|last2}} | Like <code>last1</code>, but for 3rd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: given3; author-first3; (etc.)|first3}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author3; author-last3; (etc.)|last3}} | Like <code>first1</code>, but for 3rd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author3-link; subject-link3; (etc.)|author-link3}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author3; author-last3; (etc.)|last3}} | Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 3rd author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author4; author-last4; (etc.)|last4}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author3; author-last3; (etc.)|last3}} | Like <code>last1</code>, but for 4th author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: given4; author-first4; (etc.)|first4}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author4; author-last4; (etc.)|last4}} | Like <code>first1</code>, but for 4th author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author4-link; subject-link4; (etc.)|author-link4}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author4; author-last4; (etc.)|last4}} | Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 4th author. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author5; author-last5; (etc.)|last5}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author4; author-last4; (etc.)|last4}} | Like <code>last1</code>, but for 5th author. Similar: last6, etc. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: given5; author-first5; (etc.)|first5}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author5; author-last5; (etc.)|last5}} | Like <code>first1</code>, but for 5th author. Similar: first6, etc. |- | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author5-link; subject-link5; (etc.)|author-link5}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: author5; author-last5; (etc.)|last5}} | Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 5th author. Similar: author-link6, etc. |- || name-list-style || || <code>vanc</code> to emulate [[Vancouver style]] |- || vauthors || || |- || translator-last1 || || |- || translator-first1 || translator-last1 || |- || translator-link1 || translator-last1 || |- || translator-last2 || translator-last1 || Additional translators: translator-last3, etc. |- || translator-first2 || translator-last2 || |- || translator-link2 || translator-last2 || |- || collaboration || || |- || contributor-last1 || || |- || contributor-first1 || || |- || contributor-link1 || || |- || contributor-last2 || || |- || contributor-first2 || || |- || contributor-link2 || || |- || others || || |- || editor-last1 || || |- || editor-first1 || editor-last1 || |- || editor-link1 || editor-last1 || |- || editor-last2 || editor-last1 || |- || editor-first2 || editor-last2 || |- || editor-link2 || editor-last2 || |- || editor-last3 || editor-last2 || |- || editor-first3 || editor-last3 || |- || editor-link3 || editor-last3 || |- || veditors || || |- || title || || |- || script-title || || |- || trans-title || title or script-title || |- || work || || |- || script-work || || |- || trans-work || work or script-work || |- || issue || || |- || department || || |- || chapter || || Chapter title can be wikilinked unless when a <code>chapter-url</code> is given |- || script-chapter || || |- || trans-chapter || chapter or script-chapter || |- || contribution || || |- || type || || |- || edition || || Ordinal number |- || series || || |- || series-link || || |- || episode || || |- || event || || |- || agency || || |- || volume || || |- || date || || |- || year || || |- || orig-date || date or year || |- || df || || |- || publisher || || |- || location || publisher || |- || publication-place || || |- || via || || |- || language || || |- || page || || choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" |- || pages || || choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text. |- || no-pp || page or pages || set no-pp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers |- || at || || choose one: "page", "pages", or "at" |- || minutes || || |- || time || || |- || time-caption || || |- || id || || |- || arxiv || || |- || asin || || |- || asin-tld || || |- || bibcode || || |- || biorxiv || || |- || citeseerx || || |- || doi || || |- || doi-broken-date || doi || |- || eissn || || |- || hdl || || |- || sbn || || |- || isbn || || '''always include ISBN''', if one has been assigned |- || ismn || || |- || issn || || |- || jfm || || |- || jstor || || |- || lccn || || |- || mr || || |- || oclc || || |- || ol || || |- || osti || || |- || pmc || || |- || embargo || || |- || pmid || || |- || rfc || || |- || ssrn || || |- || zbl || || |- || url || title or script-title || |- || format || url || |- || archive-url || archive-date, url || |- || archive-format || || |- || url-status || archive-url || |- || archive-date || archive-url || |- || chapter-url || chapter or script-chapter || |- || chapter-format || chapter-url || |- || access-date || url || |- || no-tracking || || |- || quote || || |- || ref || || |- || mode || || <code>cs1</code> or <code>cs2</code> |- || author-mask1 || last1 || |- || author-mask2 || last2 || |- || author-mask3 || last3 || |- || author-mask4 || last4 || |- || author-mask5 || last5 || |- | {{Hover title|or alias displayauthors|display-authors}} | {{Hover title|or any of its aliases, including: last; author1; author; author-last1; author-last; (etc.)|last1}} | number (number of authors displayed) or <code>etal</code> (more authors) |- || translator-mask1 || translator-last1 || |- || translator-mask2 || translator-last2 || |- || display-translators || || |- || contributor-mask1 || || |- || contributor-mask2 || || |- || display-contributors || || |- || editor-mask1 || editor-last1 || |- || editor-mask2 || editor-last2 || |- || editor-mask3 || editor-last3 || |- || display-editors || || |- || postscript || || |- || url-access || || |- || chapter-url-access || || |- || bibcode-access || || |- || doi-access || || |- || hdl-access || || |- || jstor-access || || |- || ol-access || || |- || osti-access || || |- || map || || |- || script-map || || |- || trans-map || || |- || map-url || || |- || map-format || || |- || map-url-access || || |- || scale || || |- || cartography || || |- || inset || || |- || sections || || |- || interviewer-last1 || || |- || interviewer-first1 || || |- || interviewer-link1 || || |- || interviewer-last2 || || |- || interviewer-first2 || || |- || interviewer-link2 || || |- || interviewer-mask1 || || |- || interviewer-mask2 || || |- || {{nowrap|display-interviewers}} || || |- || season || || |- || series-number || || |- || series-separator || || |- || network || || |- || station || || |- || transcript || || |- || transcript-url || || |- || transcript-format || || |- || conference || || |- || conference-url || || |- || conference-format || || |- | colspan="4" style="text-align: center " | If a field name is listed in the '''Prerequisites''' column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. |- ! colspan="4" | Additional parameters (available for at least some cite templates) |- || || || || {{para|authors}} |- || || || || {{para|book-title}} |- || || || || {{para|class}} |- || || || || {{para|degree}} |- || || || || {{para|docket}} |- || || || || {{para|encyclopedia}} |- || || || || {{para|mailing-list}} |- || || || || {{para|message-id}} |- || || || || {{para|number}} |- || || || || {{para|publication-date}} |- || || || || {{para|section}} |- || || || || {{para|sheet}} |- || || || || {{para|sheets}} |- || || || || {{para|title-link}} |- || || || (available from late April 2020) || {{para|s2cid}} |} ===Sub-templates=== ====Usage==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage}} {{end}} ====Usage full==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage full}} {{end}} ====Usage common==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage common}} {{end}} ====Usage vertical==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage vertical}} {{end}} ====Usage vertical mid==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage vertical mid}} {{end}} ====Usage vertical end==== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|usage vertical end}} ==Examples section== Use {{tl|markup2}} to format the examples {{crossref|(see that template's documentation for use)}}. <pre>{{markup2 |t=Basic usage with url and edition |m=<nowiki>{{cite book |title=Mysterious book |url=https://www.example.com |edition=2nd}}</nowiki> |r={{cite book |title=Mysterious book |url=https://www.example.com |edition=2nd}} }} </pre> {{markup2 |t=Basic usage with url and edition |m=<nowiki>{{cite book |title=Mysterious book |url=https://www.example.com |edition=2nd}}</nowiki> |r={{cite book |title=Mysterious book |url=https://www.example.com |edition=2nd}} }} ==Parameters section== ===syntax=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|syntax}} ===COinS=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|coins}} ===sep_period=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|sep_period}} ===sep_comma=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|sep_comma}} ===required=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|required}} ===whats new=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|whats new}} ===deprecated=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|deprecated}} <!-- {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= *{{para|date2|yes}} adds: ** date2 ** month2 ** year2}} --> ===author=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|author}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= *{{para|contributor|yes}} adds contributors (use with cite book and citation only) *{{para|others|yes}} adds "'''others''': To record other contributors to the work, such as "Illustrated by Smith" or "Trans. Smith"." *{{para|aliases}} add aliases for '''last'''. }} ===editor=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|editor}} ===title=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|title}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= '''title_title''' sets the display title: * '''encyclopedia''' = encyclopedia * default = title}} ===web=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|web}} ===chapter=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|chapter}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= '''title_format''' sets the display format: *'''italics''' = Displays in italics. * '''work''' = If '''work''' is defined, then '''title''' is displayed in quotes, else displays in italics. * default = Displays in quotes. '''title_title''' sets the display title: * '''booktitle''' = booktitle * default = chapter}} ===type=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|type}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt| * '''type_default''': Adds "Defaults to '''type_default'''"}} ===journal=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|journal}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= * '''department''' adds: :* '''department''': Regular department or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after '''title''' and is in plain text. }} ===edition=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|edition}} ===series=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|series}} ===series_episode=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|series_episode}} ===event=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|event}} ===agency=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|agency}} ===volume=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|volume}} ===date=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|date}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= * '''limited_param_list''' hides '''orig-date''' because not allowed in limited-parameter templates }} ===publisher=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|publisher}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= *{{para|work|no}} suppresses "; if '''work''' is defined, then '''publisher''' and '''location''' are enclosed in parentheses" *{{para|map|yes}} changes: ** '''publisher''': Name of publisher. The [[publisher]] is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the '''publisher''' parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Displays before title. Do not wikilink—use publisher-link instead. ** '''publisher-link''': Title of existing Wikipedia article about the publisher—not the publisher's website; do not wikilink. }} <!--draft of "organization" parameter document, commented for now since it is not currently supported ===organization=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|organization}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= <!--*{{para|work|no}} suppresses "; if '''work''' is defined, then '''organization''' and '''location''' are enclosed in parentheses" *{{para|map|yes}} changes: ** '''organization''': Name of organization. The organization is a company, institution or other such entity that provides the information being cited. Do not use the '''organization''' parameter for the name of a work (e.g., a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Displays before title. }} --> ===newsgroup=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|newsgroup}} ===language=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|language}} ===pages=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|pages}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= * '''work''' adds "or '''work''' (or an alias) is defined"}} ===time=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|time}} ===id1=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|id1}} ===id2=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|id2}} ===url=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|url}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= * '''media''' uses 'media' in place of 'text of the publication' }} ===chapterurl=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|chapterurl}} ===lay=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|lay}} ===quote=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|quote}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt|1= * {{para|cs2|yes}} suppresses "When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation."}} ===ref=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|ref}} ===display=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|display}} {{Citation Style documentation/opt| * '''cs2''': When set, changes: **'''postscript''' to "defaults to none" ** '''separator''' to "Defaults to a comma (,)"}} ===Subscription or registration required=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|registration}} ===map_series=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|map_series}} ===map_pages=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|map_pages}} ===interview_author=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|interview_author}} ===interview_interviewer=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|interview_interviewer}} ===season=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|season}} ===network=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|network}} ===transcript=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|transcript}} ===conference=== {{Citation Style documentation/edit|conference}} ==Notes== <references/> {{Citation Style 1}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories and interwikis go here: --> [[Category:Documentation assistance templates]] }}</includeonly> bb7ehi7t9pmbyum4g1rauy72n12390j 828 11824 84917 2022-05-20T05:49:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Suppress categories Scribunto text/plain -- This is a simple module to strip categories from wikitext. It does -- not support nested links or magic words like __TOC__, etc. Even so, -- it should still handle most categories. local p = {} -- Detects if a category link is valid or not. If it is valid, -- the function returns the blank string. If not, the input -- is returned with no changes. local function processCategory( all, submatch ) local beforePipe = mw.ustring.match( submatch, '^(.-)[%s_]*|[%s_]*.-$' ) beforePipe = beforePipe or submatch if mw.ustring.match( beforePipe, '[%[%]<>{}%c\n]' ) then return all else return '' end end -- Preprocess the content if we aren't being called from #invoke, -- and pass it to gsub to remove valid category links. local function suppress( content, isPreprocessed ) if not isPreprocessed then content = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( content ) end content = mw.ustring.gsub( content, '(%[%[[%s_]*[cC][aA][tT][eE][gG][oO][rR][yY][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.-)[%s_]*%]%])', processCategory ) return content end -- Get the content to suppress categories from, and find -- whether the content has already been preprocessed. (If the -- module is called from #invoke, it has been preprocessed already.) function p.main( frame ) local content, isPreprocessed if frame == mw.getCurrentFrame() then content = frame:getParent().args[1] if frame.args[1] then content = frame.args[1] end isPreprocessed = true else content = frame isPreprocessed = false end return suppress( content, isPreprocessed ) end return p 1q32hr238py5zckhzhojzbjzsdqguig 828 11825 84918 2022-05-20T05:50:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Suppress categories/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} This is a simple module to strip [[Help:Category|categories]] from [[Help:Wiki markup|wikitext]]. For example, if passed the code "<code><nowiki>foo[[Category:Some category]]</nowiki></code>", it will return only "<code>foo</code>". The module properly handles categories escaped with the [[Help:Colon trick|colon trick]], categories whose names include invalid characters such as "<code>></code>", and categories that are surrounded with [[WP:NOWIKI|nowiki]] tags. However, it does not support complex wikitext such as nested links or [[WP:MAGIC|magic words]] like <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code>. Even so, it should still remove the vast majority of categories from any given wikitext. == Usage == {{pre|<nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|</nowiki>''input text''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} == Examples == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Code ! Output |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Some category]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Some category]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Some category]]bar[[Category:Another category]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Some category]]bar[[Category:Another category]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo{{{some_parameter|[[Category:Bar]]}}}}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo{{{some_parameter|[[Category:Bar]]}}}}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Bad ca[]tegory link]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Bad ca[]tegory link]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[:Category:Colon trick]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[:Category:Colon trick]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Piped link|bar]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Piped link|bar]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Piped link|ba[]r]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[Category:Piped link|ba[]r]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[non-category link]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[non-category link]]}} |- | <code><nowiki>{{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[ Category : Some category with spaces ]]}}</nowiki></code> | {{#invoke:Suppress categories|main|foo[[ Category : Some category with spaces ]]}} |- |} == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Category suppression]] cmds5tkhy7cy1tgeqd4q9o8q82l4gkr 10 11826 84919 2022-05-20T05:50:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:End wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#if:{{{html|}}}|</table>|{{!}}} }}</includeonly>{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using end template with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:End]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| html | 1<!--parameter does not do anything, but described in the documentation since 2015--> }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> ct1nniyv6nx64s565lgdiatjk8def66 10 11827 84920 2022-05-20T05:51:00Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:End/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> {{high-use}} == Usage == This template ends any table (with bar-brace "|}") and may be used with any other templates that begin a one-level table, except with template {{tl|Collapse top}} which requires a {{tl|collapse bottom}} to end a collapsible text. This template duplicates {{tl|s-end}} for technical reasons. See the documentation on that page. Any succession template ending with {{tl|end}} should be changed to {{tl|s-end}}. === Position === WARNING: Template {{tl|end}} must be placed on a separate line for ending a table; otherwise, it inserts a literal bar-brace "|}" into the text. == Redirects == Other "table end" templates redirect here. Alternatively, this template may take a parameter, such as <code><nowiki>{{End|Cricket series}}</nowiki></code>, to indicate which table start template it matches (in the example given, {{tl|Election table}}). The parameter has no technical function. == Example == <pre> {{election table|title=Summary of the May 2, 2011 election}} |- style="text-align:right;" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:400; text-align:left;" colspan="2" | Party ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:200; text-align:left;" | Main candidate ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | +/– ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | +/– |- | style="background-color:green" | || Green | John Johnson | 12 | 50% | +5 | 5 | +1 |- {{end|election table}} </pre> ''Result:'' {{election table|title=Summary of the May 2, 2011 election}} |- style="text-align:right;" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:400; text-align:left;" colspan="2" | Party ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:200; text-align:left;" | Main candidate ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | Votes ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | % ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | +/– ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | Seats ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9; width:50;" | +/– |- | style="background-color:green" | || Green | John Johnson | 12 | 50% | +5 | 5 | +1 |- {{end|election table}} ==Tracking categories== *{{clc|Pages using end template with unknown parameters}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Ends a table. Must appear on a separate line. Normally used with {{col-begin}}. It takes no parameters.", "params": { } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|!)}} {{Column-generating template families}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Succession templates]] [[Category:Templates with partial table wikitext]] }}</includeonly> 7pdr942qi3edkaxu6eosvitreq6ok8g 10 11828 84921 2022-05-20T05:51:20Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Election table wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|collapsible collapsed}} {{#ifeq:{{{sortable|}}}|yes|sortable}}" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%; {{#switch:{{lc:{{{align|}}}}}|=|none=|left=float:{{{align}}};margin-right:1em;|right=float:{{{align}}};margin-left:1em;|center|centre=margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;|#default=[[Category:Pages using election table with unknown parameters|α]]}}" {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|! colspan=12 style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal;" {{!}}|{{!}}+}} {{#if:{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}|<span style="float:left; align:left; font-size: 90%;" class="editlink noprint plainlinks nourlexpansion">{{#ifexist:{{transclude|{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}}}||[[Category:Pages using election table with incorrect edit links]]}}[{{fullurl:{{transclude|{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}}}|action=edit}} e]&nbsp;•&nbsp;[[{{TALKPAGENAME:{{transclude|{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}|d]]</span>&nbsp;|}}{{#if:{{{title|{{{2|}}}}}}|{{{title|{{{2}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using election table with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Election table]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | align | collapsed | sortable | template_name | title | country }}<!-- -->{{Election table/category|country_auto={{If empty |{{#invoke:CountryAdjectiveDemonym|getCountryFromString|{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}}} |{{#invoke:Election table category|main|{{{template_name|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}}|country_manual={{{country|}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude> |} {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories are in the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> gsznw2octu9sd1r6rshhnz0l7817wgt 10 11829 84922 2022-05-20T05:51:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Election table/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude> <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> == Usage == This template marks the beginning of a table and defines borders, margins, background colours, and text alignment within the table. (Default alignment is "right", others must be specified.) Table rows and cells are written as usual, and the table is closed with "<code><nowiki>|}</nowiki></code>" For example, to have a table as shown below, include the code shown to the right: {| style="margin:0 0 1em 2em; float:right;" |<small><pre>{{Election table|title=Summary of [[Mars|Martian]] election results, 2020}} |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Parties ! Votes ! % ! ± ! Seats ! ± |- | style="background-color:#ff0000;" | | style="text-align:left;" | The red party | 6042 | 45.40 | −4.41 | 23 | −2 |- | style="background-color:#00ff00;" | | style="text-align:left;" | The green party | 5678 | 42.67 | +1.23 | 21 | 0 |- | style="background-color:#0000ff;" | | style="text-align:left;" | Free Mars | 345 | 2.59 | +2.59 | 1 | +1 |- | style="background-color:#eeeeee;" | | style="text-align:left;" | None of the above (unfilled seats) | 1242 | 9.33 | +0.59 | 5 | +1 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Total ! 13307 ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| 100% ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| 50 |}</pre></small> |} {{Election table|title=Summary of [[Mars|Martian]] election results, 2020}} |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Parties ! Votes ! % ! ± ! Seats ! ± |- | style="background-color:#ff0000;" | | style="text-align:left;" | The red party | 6042 | 45.40 | −4.41 | 23 | −2 |- | style="background-color:#00ff00;" | | style="text-align:left;" | The green party | 5678 | 42.67 | +1.23 | 21 | 0 |- | style="background-color:#0000ff;" | | style="text-align:left;" | Free Mars | 345 | 2.59 | +2.59 | 1 | +1 |- | style="background-color:#eeeeee;" | | style="text-align:left;" | None of the above (unfilled seats) | 1242 | 9.33 | +0.59 | 5 | +1 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Total ! 13307 ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| 100% ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| 50 |} == Options == Instead of <code><nowiki>{{Election table|template_name=template pagename}} Title</nowiki></code> you can use <code><nowiki>{{Election table|template_name=template pagename|title=Title}}</nowiki></code>. The title will be bolded automatically. To add <code><nowiki>class="sortable"</nowiki></code>, use <code><nowiki>...|sortable=yes}}</nowiki></code>. If you use this, you will need to edit your table to have <code><nowiki>|- class="sortbottom"</nowiki></code> as the row separator for the total row. If you want a specific column not to be sortable, specify <code><nowiki>class="unsortable"</nowiki></code> in the attributes of its header cell. Sorted tables do not currently work with tables using <code>colspan</code>. See [[meta:Help:Sorting|Help:Sorting]] for more information about sorting. To align the table on the right side of the page, use <code><nowiki>...|align=right}}</nowiki></code>. For direct use in an article instead of a template, do not include the <code>template_name</code> parameter. To collapse the table, use <code><nowiki>...|collapsed=yes</nowiki></code> == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using election table with unknown parameters}} * {{clc|Pages using election table with incorrect edit links}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Election and referendum result templates| ]] [[Category:Table templates]] }}</includeonly> 9zlwyz53jipwb5t8reneql7sw224dw0 10 11830 84923 2022-05-20T05:51:59Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Election table/category wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Template other|{{#if: {{{country_manual|}}} | [[Category:{{{country_manual}}} election result templates]] | {{#if: {{{country_auto|}}} | [[Category:{{{country_auto}}} election result templates]] | [[Category:Election and referendum result templates]] }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> t01b78kuhaw17dc9h3u9kl7pmsd0bh5 10 11831 84924 2022-05-20T05:52:11Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Election table/category/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Usage == <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> }}</includeonly> 3089t1azd8w6soom8lyxnf3m267ddwu 828 11832 84925 2022-05-20T05:53:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym Scribunto text/plain local CountryAdjectiveDemonym = { } local CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded = false local countryAdjectivesToNounsTable = { } local countryNounsToAdjectivesTable = { } local countryDemonymsToNounsTable = { } local countryNounsToDemonymsTable = { } local countriesPrefixedByTheTable = { } function CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() countriesPrefixedByTheTable = mw.loadData( 'Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/The' ) countryNounsToAdjectivesTable = mw.loadData( 'Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Adjectives' ) countryNounsToDemonymsTable = mw.loadData( 'Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Demonyms' ) local myNoun, myAdjective -- first, load the adjectives table for myNoun, myAdjective in pairs(countryNounsToAdjectivesTable) do countryAdjectivesToNounsTable[myAdjective] = myNoun end -- Now load the denomyms table local myDemonym for myNoun, myDemonym in pairs(countryNounsToDemonymsTable) do countryDemonymsToNounsTable[myDemonym] = myNoun end CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded = true return end -- ############### Publicly accesible functions ####################### -- if the country name is prefixed by "the" in running text, -- then return that prefix -- Otherwise just return an empty string function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.countryPrefixThe(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end if (countriesPrefixedByTheTable[s] == true) then return "the " end return "" end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.getCountryFromAdjective(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end local retval = countryAdjectivesToNounsTable[s] if retval == nil then if s == "Georgia (country)" then return s end return "" end return retval end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.getCountryFromString(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end local similarLongerNouns = mw.loadData( 'Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/LongerNouns' ) for adjective, noun in pairs(countryAdjectivesToNounsTable) do if string.find(s, adjective) or string.find(s, noun) then for longerNoun, nameToUse in pairs(similarLongerNouns) do if string.find(s, longerNoun) then return nameToUse end end return noun end end end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.getCountryFromDemonym(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end local retval = countryDemonymsToNounsTable[s] if retval == nil then retval = countryAdjectivesToNounsTable[s] end if retval == nil then return "" end return retval end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.getAdjectiveFromCountry(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end local retval = countryNounsToAdjectivesTable[s] if retval == nil then return "" end return retval end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.getDemonymFromCountry(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if not CountryAdjectiveDemonymDataLoaded then CountryAdjectiveDemonymDoLoadData() end local retval retval = countryNounsToDemonymsTable[s] if retval == nil then retval = countryNounsToAdjectivesTable[s] end if retval == nil then return "" end return retval end function CountryAdjectiveDemonym.stripThe(frame) local s = frame.args[1] if s == nil then return "" end if mw.ustring.match( s, "^[T]he Gambia$") ~= nil then return s end local stripped = mw.ustring.gsub(s, "^[tT]he ", "") return stripped end return CountryAdjectiveDemonym 1vnllcw5wco7tbvlifieyllzjizhjyo 828 11833 84926 2022-05-20T05:53:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/The Scribunto text/plain return { ["British Virgin Islands"] = true, ["Bukharan People's Soviet Republic"] = true, ["Central African Republic"] = true, ["Cayman Islands"] = true, ["Comoros"] = true, ["Cook Islands"] = true, ["Czech Republic"] = true, ["Democratic Republic of the Congo"] = true, ["Dominican Republic"] = true, ["Dominion of Newfoundland"] = true, ["Falkland Islands"] = true, ["Faroe Islands"] = true, ["Federated States of Micronesia"] = true, ["Gambia"] = true, ["Holy See"] = true, ["Isle of Man"] = true, ["Ivory Coast"] = true, ["Kingdom of Hawaii"] = true, ["Kingdom of Naples"] = true, ["Kingdom of the Two Sicilies"] = true, ["Maldives"] = true, ["Marshall Islands"] = true, ["Netherlands"] = true, ["Netherlands Antilles"] = true, ["Northern Mariana Islands"] = true, ["Ottoman Empire"] = true, ["State of Palestine"] = true, ["Philippines"] = true, ["Republic of the Congo"] = true, ["Republic of Ireland"] = true, ["Republic of Macedonia"] = true, ["Republic of Texas"] = true, ["Republic of Venice"] = true, ["Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"] = true, ["Solomon Islands"] = true, ["Soviet Union"] = true, ["Turks and Caicos Islands"] = true, ["United Arab Emirates"] = true, ["United Kingdom"] = true, ["United States"] = true, ["United States Virgin Islands"] = true } mcwic07x689akkgm29527y4pleamluu 828 11834 84927 2022-05-20T05:54:05Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Adjectives Scribunto text/plain return { ["Abkhazia"] = "Abkhazian", ["Afghanistan"] = "Afghan", ["Albania"] = "Albanian", ["Algeria"] = "Algerian", ["American Samoa"] = "American Samoan", ["Andorra"] = "Andorran", ["Angola"] = "Angolan", ["Anguilla"] = "Anguillan", ["Antigua and Barbuda"] = "Antigua and Barbuda", ["Argentina"] = "Argentine", ["Armenia"] = "Armenian", ["Aruba"] = "Aruban", ["Australia"] = "Australian", ["Austria"] = "Austrian", ["Azerbaijan"] = "Azerbaijani", ["Bahamas"] = "Bahamian", ["Bahrain"] = "Bahraini", ["Bangladesh"] = "Bangladeshi", ["Barbados"] = "Barbadian", ["Belarus"] = "Belarusian", ["Belgium"] = "Belgian", ["Belize"] = "Belizean", ["Benin"] = "Beninese", ["Bermuda"] = "Bermudian", ["Bhutan"] = "Bhutanese", ["Bolivia"] = "Bolivian", ["Bonaire"] = "Bonaire", ["Bosnia and Herzegovina"] = "Bosnia and Herzegovina", ["Botswana"] = "Botswana", ["Brazil"] = "Brazilian", ["British Indian Ocean Territory"] = "British Indian Ocean Territory", ["Brunei"] = "Bruneian", ["Bulgaria"] = "Bulgarian", ["Burkina Faso"] = "Burkinabé", ["Myanmar"] = "Burmese", ["Burundi"] = "Burundian", ["Cape Verde"] = "Cape Verdean", ["Cambodia"] = "Cambodian", ["Cameroon"] = "Cameroonian", ["Canada"] = "Canadian", ["Cayman Islands"] = "Caymanian", ["Central African Republic"] = "Central African Republic", ["Chad"] = "Chadian", ["Chile"] = "Chilean", ["China"] = "Chinese", ["Collectivity of Saint Martin"] = "Saint-Martinoise", ["Colombia"] = "Colombian", ["Comoros"] = "Comorian", ["Democratic Republic of the Congo"] = "Democratic Republic of the Congo", ["Republic of the Congo"] = "Republic of the Congo", ["Cook Islands"] = "Cook Islands", ["Costa Rica"] = "Costa Rican", ["Croatia"] = "Croatian", ["Cuba"] = "Cuban", ["Curaçao"] = "Curaçao", ["Cyprus"] = "Cypriot", ["Czech Republic"] = "Czech", ["Czechoslovakia"] = "Czechoslovak", ["Denmark"] = "Danish", ["Djibouti"] = "Djiboutian", ["Dominica"] = "Dominica", ["Dominican Republic"] = "Dominican Republic", ["East Germany"] = "East German", ["East Timor"] = "East Timorese", ["Ecuador"] = "Ecuadorian", ["Egypt"] = "Egyptian", ["El Salvador"] = "Salvadoran", ["Equatorial Guinea"] = "Equatoguinean", ["Eritrea"] = "Eritrean", ["Estonia"] = "Estonian", ["Eswatini"] = "Swazi", ["Ethiopia"] = "Ethiopian", ["Falkland Islands"] = "Falkland Islands", ["Faroe Islands"] = "Faroese", ["Federation of Malaya"] = "Malayan", ["Fiji"] = "Fijian", ["Finland"] = "Finnish", ["France"] = "French", ["French Guiana"] = "French Guianan", ["French Polynesia"] = "French Polynesian", ["Gabon"] = "Gabonese", ["Gambia"] = "Gambian", ["Georgia (country)"] = "Georgian", ["Germany"] = "German", ["Ghana"] = "Ghanaian", ["Gibraltar"] = "Gibraltarian", ["Greece"] = "Greek", ["Greenland"] = "Greenlandic", ["Grenada"] = "Grenadian", ["Guadeloupe"] = "Guadeloupean", ["Guam"] = "Guamanian", ["Guatemala"] = "Guatemalan", ["Guernsey"] = "Guernsey", ["Guinea"] = "Guinean", ["Guinea-Bissau"] = "Bissau-Guinean", ["Guyana"] = "Guyanese", ["Haiti"] = "Haitian", ["Honduras"] = "Honduran", ["Hong Kong"] = "Hong Kong", ["Hungary"] = "Hungarian", ["Iceland"] = "Icelandic", ["India"] = "Indian", ["Indonesia"] = "Indonesian", ["Iran"] = "Iranian", ["Iraq"] = "Iraqi", ["Ireland"] = "Irish", ["Isle of Man"] = "Manx", ["Israel"] = "Israeli", ["Italy"] = "Italian", ["Ivory Coast"] = "Ivorian", ["Jamaica"] = "Jamaican", ["Jan Mayen"] = "Jan Mayen", ["Japan"] = "Japanese", ["Jersey"] = "Jersey", ["Jordan"] = "Jordanian", ["Kazakhstan"] = "Kazakhstani", ["Kenya"] = "Kenyan", ["Kiribati"] = "Kiribati", ["North Korea"] = "North Korean", ["South Korea"] = "South Korean", ["Kosovo"] = "Kosovan", ["Kuwait"] = "Kuwaiti", ["Kyrgyzstan"] = "Kyrgyzstani", ["Laos"] = "Laotian", ["Latvia"] = "Latvian", ["Lebanon"] = "Lebanese", ["Lesotho"] = "Lesotho", ["Liberia"] = "Liberian", ["Libya"] = "Libyan", ["Liechtenstein"] = "Liechtenstein", ["Lithuania"] = "Lithuanian", ["Luxembourg"] = "Luxembourgian", ["Macau"] = "Macau", ["Madagascar"] = "Malagasy", ["Malawi"] = "Malawian", ["Malaysia"] = "Malaysian", ["Maldives"] = "Maldivian", ["Mali"] = "Malian", ["Malta"] = "Maltese", ["Marshall Islands"] = "Marshallese", ["Martinique"] = "Martiniquan", ["Mauritania"] = "Mauritanian", ["Mauritius"] = "Mauritian", ["Mexico"] = "Mexican", ["Federated States of Micronesia"] = "Federated States of Micronesia", ["Moldova"] = "Moldovan", ["Monaco"] = "Monégasque", ["Mongolia"] = "Mongolian", ["Montenegro"] = "Montenegrin", ["Montserrat"] = "Montserratian", ["Morocco"] = "Moroccan", ["Mozambique"] = "Mozambican", ["Namibia"] = "Namibian", ["Nauru"] = "Nauruan", ["Nepal"] = "Nepalese", ["Netherlands"] = "Dutch", ["Netherlands Antilles"] = "Dutch Antillean", ["New Caledonia"] = "New Caledonian", ["New Zealand"] = "New Zealand", ["Nicaragua"] = "Nicaraguan", ["Niger"] = "Nigerien", ["Nigeria"] = "Nigerian", ["Niue"] = "Niuean", ["Northern Ireland"] = "Northern Ireland", ["Northern Mariana Islands"] = "Northern Mariana Islands", ["North Macedonia"] = "Macedonian", ["Norway"] = "Norwegian", ["Oman"] = "Omani", ["Ottoman Empire"] = "Ottoman", ["Pakistan"] = "Pakistani", ["Palau"] = "Palauan", ["State of Palestine"] = "Palestinian", ["Panama"] = "Panamanian", ["Papua New Guinea"] = "Papua New Guinean", ["Paraguay"] = "Paraguayan", ["Peru"] = "Peruvian", ["Philippines"] = "Philippine", ["Pitcairn Islands"] = "Pitcairn Islands", ["Poland"] = "Polish", ["Portugal"] = "Portuguese", ["Puerto Rico"] = "Puerto Rican", ["Qatar"] = "Qatari", ["Romania"] = "Romanian", ["Russia"] = "Russian", ["Rwanda"] = "Rwandan", ["Saba"] = "Saba", ["Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"] = "Sahrawi", ["Saint Barthélemy"] = "Barthélemois", ["Saint Kitts and Nevis"] = "Saint Kitts and Nevis", ["Saint Lucia"] = "Saint Lucian", ["Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"] = "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", ["Samoa"] = "Samoan", ["San Marino"] = "Sammarinese", ["São Tomé and Príncipe"] = "São Tomé and Príncipe", ["Saudi Arabia"] = "Saudi Arabian", ["Senegal"] = "Senegalese", ["Serbia"] = "Serbian", ["Seychelles"] = "Seychellois", ["Sierra Leone"] = "Sierra Leonean", ["Singapore"] = "Singaporean", ["Sint Eustatius"] = "Sint Eustatius", ["Sint Maarten"] = "Sint Maarten", ["Slovakia"] = "Slovak", ["Slovenia"] = "Slovenian", ["Solomon Islands"] = "Solomon Islands", ["Somalia"] = "Somalian", ["Somaliland"] = "Somaliland", ["South Africa"] = "South African", ["South Sudan"] = "South Sudanese", ["Soviet Union"] = "Soviet", ["Spain"] = "Spanish", ["Sri Lanka"] = "Sri Lankan", ["Sudan"] = "Sudanese", ["Suriname"] = "Surinamese", ["Sweden"] = "Swedish", ["Switzerland"] = "Swiss", ["Syria"] = "Syrian", ["Taiwan"] = "Taiwanese", ["Tajikistan"] = "Tajikistani", ["Tanzania"] = "Tanzanian", ["Thailand"] = "Thai", ["Togo"] = "Togolese", ["Tokelau"] = "Tokelauan", ["Tonga"] = "Tongan", ["Trinidad and Tobago"] = "Trinidad and Tobago", ["Tunisia"] = "Tunisian", ["Turkey"] = "Turkish", ["Turkmenistan"] = "Turkmenistani", ["Turks and Caicos Islands"] = "Turks and Caicos Islands", ["Tuvalu"] = "Tuvaluan", ["Uganda"] = "Ugandan", ["Ukraine"] = "Ukrainian", ["United Arab Emirates"] = "Emirati", ["United Kingdom"] = "British", ["England"] = "English", ["Scotland"] = "Scottish", ["Wales"] = "Welsh", ["United States"] = "American", ["Uruguay"] = "Uruguayan", ["Uzbekistan"] = "Uzbekistani", ["Vanuatu"] = "Vanuatuan", ["Venezuela"] = "Venezuelan", ["Vietnam"] = "Vietnamese", ["British Virgin Islands"] = "British Virgin Islands", ["United States Virgin Islands"] = "United States Virgin Islands", ["Wallis and Futuna"] = "Wallis and Futuna", ["West Germany"] = "West German", ["Yemen"] = "Yemeni", ["Yugoslavia"] = "Yugoslav", ["Zambia"] = "Zambian", ["Zimbabwe"] = "Zimbabwean", } kr6mtaz9zronjty8iaq7u1p8j4mgii0 828 11835 84928 2022-05-20T05:54:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/Demonyms Scribunto text/plain return { ["Kiribati"] = "I-Kiribati", ["Martinique"] = "Martiniquais", ["Ottoman"] = "Ottoman Empire", ["Philippines"] = "Filipino", ["Yugoslavia"] = "Yugoslav" } 1877g3a8273duk42gixjabrsqi8yppk 828 11836 84929 2022-05-20T05:55:07Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:CountryAdjectiveDemonym/LongerNouns Scribunto text/plain return { ["Czechoslovak"] = "Czechoslovakia", ["Democratic Republic of the Congo"] = "Democratic Republic of the Congo", ["Netherlands Antilles"] = "Netherlands Antilles", ["Nigeria"] = "Nigeria", ["Sabah"] = "", ["Serbia and Montenegro"] = "Serbia and Montenegro", } q1ijhm446tshttwz64vvm7c87al46s0 828 11837 84930 2022-05-20T05:55:48Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Election table category Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local subDivisionNames = { germany = { name = "Germany", "Baden", "Bavaria", "Berlin", "Brandenburg", "Bremen", "Hamburg", "Hesse", "Holstein", "Lower Saxony", "Mecklenburg", "North Rhine", "Palatinate", "Rhineland", "Saarland", "Saxony", "Saxony-Anhalt", "Schleswig", "Thuringia", "Western Pomerania", "Westphalia", "Württemberg", }, india = { name = "India", "Andaman", "Andhra Pradesh", "Arunachal Pradesh", "Assam", "Bihar", "Chandigarh", "Chhattisgarh", "Dadra", "Daman", "Diu", "Goa", "Gujarat", "Haryana", "Himachal Pradesh", "Jammu", "Jharkhand", "Kashmir", "Karnataka", "Kerala", "Ladakh", "Lakshadweep", "Madhya Pradesh", "Maharashtra", "Manipur", "Meghalaya", "Mizoram", "Nagaland", "Nagar Haveli", "Nicobar Islands", "Odisha", "Puducherry", "Punjab", "Rajasthan", "Sikkim", "Tamil Nadu", "Telangana", "Tripura", "Union territory", "Uttar Pradesh", "Uttarakhand", "West Bengal", }, indonesia = { name = "Indonesia", "Aceh", "Bali", "Bangka Belitung Islands", "Banten", "Bengkulu", "Central Java", "Central Kalimantan", "Central Sulawesi", "East Java", "East Kalimantan", "East Nusa Tenggara", "Gorontalo", "Jakarta", "Jambi", "Lampung", "Maluku", "North Kalimantan", "North Maluku", "North Sulawesi", "North Sumatra", "Papua", "Riau Islands", "Riau", "South Kalimantan", "South Sulawesi", "South Sumatra", "Southeast Sulawesi", "West Java", "West Kalimantan", "West Nusa Tenggara", "West Papua", "West Sulawesi", "West Sumatra", }, malaysia = { name = "Malaysia", "Johor", "Johore", "Kedah", "Kelantan", "Malacca", "Negeri Sembilan", "Negri Sembilan", "Pahang", "Penang", "Perak", "Perlis", "Sabah", "Sarawak", "Selangor", "Terengganu", "Trengganu", "Tringganu", }, } local function getNameFromTableTitle(title) for _, country in pairs(subDivisionNames) do for _, subDivision in pairs(country) do if (string.find(title, subDivision)) then return country.name end end end end function p.main(frame) local getArgs = require("Module:Arguments").getArgs local args = getArgs(frame) local title = args[1] or args.title mw.log(title) if title then return getNameFromTableTitle(title) end end return p 8uac2e2luj0x8thztw18mbfvhil1f13 10 11838 84931 2022-05-20T05:56:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Column-generating template families wikitext text/x-wiki === Column-generating template families === '''The templates listed here are not interchangeable'''. For example, using {{tl|col-float}} with {{tl|col-end}} instead of {{tl|col-float-end}} would leave a [[HTML]] [[Span and div|"div" (division)]] open, potentially harming any subsequent formatting. <section begin="table" /> {| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.4em" |+ Column templates |- style="vertical-align:middle;" ! scope="col" | Type ! scope="col" | Family ! scope="col" | {{longitem|Handles wiki <br/>&nbsp;table code?{{sup|{{dagger}}}}}} ! scope="col" | Responsive/<br>Mobile suited ! scope="col" | Start template ! scope="col" | Column divider ! scope="col" | End template |- | rowspan="2" | Float | "Col-float" | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|Col-float}} | {{tl|Col-float-break}} | {{tl|Col-float-end}} |- | "Columns-start" | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|Columns-start}} | {{tl|Column}} | {{tl|Columns-end}} |- | rowspan="2" | Columns | "Div col" | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|Div col}} | – | {{tl|Div col end}} |- | "Columns-list" | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|Columns-list}} (wraps div col) | – | – |- | Flexbox | "Flex columns" | {{no}} | {{yes}} | {{tl|Flex columns}} | – | – |- | Table | "Col" | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{tl|Col-begin}}, <br/>{{tl|Col-begin-fixed}} or<br/>{{tl|Col-begin-small}} | {{tl|Col-break}} or<br/>{{tl|Col-2}} .. {{tl|Col-5}} | {{tl|Col-end}} |} {{sup|{{dagger}}}} Can the columns handle the [[Help:Wiki markup|wiki markup]] <code><nowiki>{| | || |- |}</nowiki></code> [[Help:Tables|used to create tables]]? If not, templates that produce these elements (such as {{tl|(!}}, {{tl|!}}, {{tl|!!}}, {{tl|!-}}, {{tl|!)}}) or [[HTML element|HTML tags]] ({{tag|table}}, {{tag|tr}}, etc.) will need to be used instead.<section end="table" /><noinclude> {{Documentation | content = Used by {{tl|Column templates}} to provide links to column-related templates. [[Category:Multi-column templates| ]] [[Category:Related-topic templates]] }}<!-- (end Documentation) --> </noinclude> byq71746y0qzko39yqp2hmk03r77ub1 10 11839 84932 2022-05-20T05:56:58Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dagger wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Dagger-14-plain.png|alt={{if empty|{{{alt|}}}|dagger}}|link=]]<noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> azgj5axewg7xlvptlp7z78epyoq5k9g 10 11840 84933 2022-05-20T05:57:17Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Dagger/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- Add categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata --> This template generates a [[Dagger (mark)|dagger symbol]] with [[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|alternative text]]. The default alt text is "dagger". The text is not normally visible to readers, but may be displayed by web browsers when images are switched off, is read out loud by [[screen reader]]s for those with visual impairment, and can be used by search engines to determine the content of the image. == Usage == :<code><nowiki>{{dagger}}</nowiki></code> produces {{dagger}} :<code><nowiki>{{dagger|alt=footnote}}</nowiki></code> produces {{dagger|alt=footnote}}<br />(Either the symbol or the alternative text is displayed, according to the browser settings.) == See also == These allow alternate text of the editor's choice: * [[Template:Double-dagger]] * [[Template:Down-arrow]] * [[Template:Up-arrow]] * [[Template:Hash-tag]] * [[Template:Section-sign]] These do not allow alternate text of the editor's choice: * [[Template:Extinct]] * [[Template:KIA]] for the "Killed in action" marker * [[Template:Gc]] for a light gray superscripted dagger <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Single-image insertion templates]] }}</includeonly> o13yvrya2kjs4geqxxn5uwlw72twl5p 10 11841 84934 2022-05-20T05:57:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Longitem wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1|}}}|<div style="}} display:inline-block; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.1em 0;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{style|}}}">{{{1}}}</div><includeonly>{{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[Category:Pages using Template:Longitem with unnamed style parameter]]}}</includeonly>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> cet3kroz7oo8gvc5s0b3jackg4lgltn 10 11842 84935 2022-05-20T05:57:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Longitem/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!---Please place categories where indicated in the <includeonly> section below and interwikis at Wikidata.---> An inline formatting template primarily meant to handle the linewrapping of groupnames in {{tl|Navbox}}es or relatively long entries in infoboxes and sidebars. It reduces the padding between the text and the edge of the cell minimizing the height of the <code>group</code> parameter. === See also === * {{tl|longlink}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!---Categories below this line, please:---> [[Category:Text-specific formatting and function templates]] [[Category:Inline templates]] }}</includeonly> iidntf3q90ohfqlyiebjqi6abdrqa5e 10 11843 84936 2022-05-20T05:58:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| class="wikitable" |- |</noinclude>style="background:#FFC7C7;vertical-align:middle;text-align:{{{align|center}}};{{{style|}}}" class="table-no"|{{{1|No}}}<noinclude> |} {{documentation}} </noinclude> btrca80ubk14cm36y3n0wnxv0es66y3 10 11844 84937 2022-05-20T05:58:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:No/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{high-use|6,500}} {{Table cell templates/doc}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[et:Mall:Ei]] [[id:Templat:Tidak]] [[pt:Predefinição:Tabela-não]] [[sq:Stampa:Jo]] [[sh:Šablon:Ne]] [[tl:Template:Hindi]] }}</includeonly> jc0buxj19van26u8yte52xa9065gbux 10 11845 84938 2022-05-20T05:59:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Table cell templates/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude>{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:BLACK|{{For|the text color template|Template:Black}}|{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Ya|{{For|the template with a smaller tick and no green background|Template:Aye}}|{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Maybe|{{For|the yellow tick template|Template:Mby}}|{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:TBA|{{distinguish|Template:TBD}}}}}}}}}} The templates in this series are designed to be used in a [[Help:Table|table]] to make a cell with text in that cell, with an appropriately colored background. They are commonly used in [[:Category:Comparisons|comparison tables]]. Most of these templates should not be used simply to produce a background color, use them according to their meaning. For example, {{Tlc|yes}} makes a cell with a green background. The text in the cell is taken from the [[Help:Template#Parameters|first parameter]]; <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>yes|Sure}}</code> would output "Sure" otherwise it defaults to "Yes". Most templates allow authors to override the default text in this way, some require text put after the template call and some also need a vertical bar in between: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>''table cell template''}} ''text''</code> or <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>''table cell template''}} | ''text''</code>. This information, the colors and default texts are found in the table below. {{Warnsign|Important:}} If you want to use other attributes for the table cells, ''e.g.'' <code>colspan</code>, <code>rowspan</code>, or <code>style</code>, they need to be put before the template call, and there must be '''no vertical bar (aka pipe) <code>|</code>''' in-between them: {| class=wikitable align=right !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} |} <pre>... !{{Yes}} ||{{No}} ||rowspan=2 {{n/a}} |- |colspan=2 style="border:solid 3px Maroon" {{Yes-No}} ... </pre> == Templates == <div style="overflow:100%;"> {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:left;" |+ Table cell templates ! rowspan=2 | Class<ref>The HTML class of table cell templates may be referenced in a [[m:help:User style|user stylesheet]] to change appearance.</ref> ! colspan=2 | Default ! colspan=2 | Customized |- ! Syntax !! Preview ! Syntax !! Preview |- |rowspan=2| <code>table-rh</code> | {{tl|rh}} {{!}} Row header<ref name="table-cell-templates-table-after+pipe" /> || {{rh}} | Row header || {{tlp|rh|2=align=right}} {{!}} Row header || {{rh|align=right}} | Row header |- | {{tl|rh2}} {{!}} Row header<ref name="table-cell-templates-table-after+pipe">Does not take a parameter; the content should be placed after the template call, separated by a pipe (|) character.</ref> || {{rh2}} {{!}} Row header || {{tlp|rh2|2=align=center}} | Row header || {{rh2|align=center}} | Row header |- |rowspan=4| <code>table-yes</code> | {{tl|yes}} || {{yes}} || {{tlp|yes|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|yes C}} || {{yes C}} || {{tlp|yes C|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes C|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|yes O}} || {{yes O}} || {{tlp|yes O|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{yes O|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|yes N}} || {{yes N}} || {{tlp|yes N|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{yes N|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | <code>table-maybe</code> | {{tl|maybe}} || {{maybe}} || {{tlp|maybe|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{maybe|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- |rowspan=8| <code>table-no</code> | {{tl|no}} || {{no}} || {{tlp|no|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{no|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|no O}} || {{no O}} || {{tlp|no O|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{no O|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|no X}} || {{no X}} || {{tlp|no X|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} || {{no X|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | {{tl|eliminated}} || {{eliminated}} || {{tlp|eliminated|dropped out}} || {{eliminated|dropped out}} |- | {{tl|lost}} || {{lost}} || {{tlp|lost|missing}} || {{lost|missing}} |- | {{tlp|active fire|12%}}<ref>This template is related to {{WikiProject link|Wildfire}}.</ref> || {{active fire|12%}} || || |- | {{tl|safe}} || {{safe}} || {{tlp|safe|protected}} || {{safe|protected}} |- | {{tl|no Y}} || {{no Y}} || {{tlp|no Y|<nowiki>customized [[plain text|text]]</nowiki>}} ||{{no Y|customized [[plain text|text]]}} |- | <code>table-active</code> | {{tl|active}} || {{active}} || {{tlp|active|live}} || {{active|live}} |- |rowspan=2| <code>table-siteactive</code> | {{tl|site active}} || {{site active}} || {{tlp|site active|up}} || {{site active|up}} |- | {{tl|coming soon}} || {{coming soon}} || {{tlp|coming soon|second half of the year}} || {{coming soon|second half of the year}} |- | <code>table-siteinactive</code> | {{tl|site inactive}} || {{site inactive}} || {{tlp|site inactive|down}} || {{site inactive|down}} |- | rowspan=2 |<code>table-success</code> | {{tl|success}} || {{success}} || {{tlp|success|mission complete}} || {{success|mission complete}} |- | {{tl|operational}} || {{operational}} || {{tlp|operational|returning data}} || {{operational|returning data}} |- | <code>table-failure</code> | {{tl|failure}} || {{failure}} || {{tlp|failure|wrong orbit}} || {{failure|wrong orbit}} |- |rowspan=12| <code>table-yes2</code> | {{tl|yes2}} || {{yes2}} || {{tlp|yes2|text}} || {{yes2|text}} |- | {{tl|good}} || {{good}} || {{tlp|good|A}} || {{good|A}} |- | {{tl|ya}} || {{ya}} || {{tlp|ya|text{{=}}ya}} || {{ya|text=ya}} |- | {{tlp|ya|Ya}} || {{ya|Ya}} || {{tlp|ya|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{ya|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tl|yan}} || {{yan}} || {{tlp|yan|text{{=}}ya}} || {{yan|text=ya}} |- | {{tl|won}} || {{won}} || {{tlp|won|text{{=}}white|color{{=}}darkblue|winner}} || {{won|text=white|color=darkblue|winner}} |- | {{tlp|won|place{{=}}1}} || {{won|place=1}} || {{tlp|won|place{{=}}gold}} || {{won|place=gold}} |- | {{tlp|won|place{{=}}2}} || {{won|place=2}} || {{tlp|won|place{{=}}silver}} || {{won|place=silver}} |- | {{tlp|won|place{{=}}3}} || {{won|place=3}} || {{tlp|won|place{{=}}bronze}} || {{won|place=bronze}} |- | {{tl|WinDL}} || {{WinDL}} || {{tlp|WinDL|win}} || {{WinDL|win}} |- | {{tlp|WinDL|res{{=}}D}} || {{WinDL|res=D}} || {{tlp|WinDL|res{{=}}draw}} || {{WinDL|res=draw}} |- | {{tlp|WinDL|res{{=}}L}} || {{WinDL|res=L}} || {{tlp|WinDL|res{{=}}loss}} || {{WinDL|res=loss}} |- |rowspan=9| <code>table-no2</code> | {{tl|no2}} || {{no2}} || {{tlp|no2|text}} || {{no2|text}} |- | {{tl|na}} || {{na}} || {{tlp|na|text{{=}}na}} || {{na|text=na}} |- | {{tlp|na|Na}} || {{na|Na}} || {{tlp|na|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{na|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tl|nan}} || {{nan}} || {{tlp|nan|text{{=}}na}} || {{nan|text=na}} |- | {{tl|nom}} || {{nom}} || {{tlp|nom|5}} || {{nom|5}} |- | {{tl|notnom}} || {{notnom}} || | {{tl|notnom|not selected}} || {{notnom|not selected}} |- | {{tl|sho}} || {{sho}} || {{tlp|sho|proposed}} || {{sho|proposed}} |- | {{tl|longlisted}} || {{longlisted}} || {{tlp|longlisted|rejected}} || {{longlisted|rejected}} |- | {{tl|TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{tlp|TBA|to be announced}} || {{TBA|to be announced}} |- | rowspan=16| <code>table-partial</code> | {{tl|partial}} || {{partial}} || {{tlp|partial|almost done}} ||{{partial|almost done}} |- | {{tl|Regional}} || {{Regional}} || {{tlp|Regional|Uyghur}} || {{Regional|Uyghur}} |- | {{tl|MaybeCheck}} || {{MaybeCheck}} || {{tlp|MaybeCheck|text{{=}}possibly}} || {{MaybeCheck|text=possibly}} |- | {{tlp|MaybeCheck|possibly}} || {{MaybeCheck|possibly}} || {{tlp|MaybeCheck|text|link{{=}}WP:ALT}} || {{MaybeCheck|text|link=WP:ALT}} |- | {{tl|partial success}} || {{partial success}} || {{tlp|partial success|<br />reached orbit and returned pictures}} || {{partial success|reached orbit and returned pictures}} |- | {{tl|partial failure}} || {{partial failure}} || {{tlp|partial failure|<nowiki>[[</nowiki>Cubesat]] not deployed}} || {{partial failure|[[Cubesat]] not deployed}} |- | {{tl|okay}} || {{okay}} || {{tlp|okay|C}} || {{okay|C}} |- | {{tl|Yes-No}} || {{Yes-No}} || {{tlp|Yes-No|yes with an if; no with a but}} || {{Yes-No|yes with an if; no with a but}} |- | {{tl|some}} || {{some}} || {{tlp|some|many}} || {{some|many}} |- | {{tl|pending}} || {{pending}} || {{tlp|pending|awaiting}} || {{pending|awaiting}} |- | {{tl|sometimes}} || {{sometimes}} || {{tlp|sometimes|occasionally}} || {{sometimes|occasionally}} |- | {{tl|rarely}} || {{rarely}} || {{tlp|rarely|seldom}}|| {{rarely|seldom}} |- | {{tl|usually}} || {{usually}} || {{tlp|usually|commonly}} || {{usually|commonly}} |- | {{tl|unofficial}} || {{unofficial}} || {{tlp|unofficial|<nowiki>''de facto''</nowiki>}} || {{unofficial|''de facto''}} |- | {{tl|unofficial2}} || {{unofficial2}} || {{tlp|unofficial2|<nowiki>''de facto''</nowiki>}} || {{unofficial2|''de facto''}} |- | {{tl|nonpartisan}} || {{nonpartisan}} || {{tlp|nonpartisan|impartial}} || {{nonpartisan|impartial}} |- | <code>table-any</code> | {{tl|any}} || {{any}} || {{tlp|any|anyone}}|| {{any|anyone}} |- | <code>table-automatic</code> | {{tl|perhaps}} || {{perhaps}} || {{tlp|perhaps|maybe}} || {{perhaps|maybe}} |- | <code>table-draw</code> | {{tl|draw}} || {{draw}} || {{tlp|draw|1:1}} || {{draw|1:1}} |- | <code>table-noAttempt</code> | {{tl|No attempt}} || {{No attempt}} || {{tlp|No attempt|No landing attempted}} || {{No attempt|No landing attempted}} |- |rowspan=7| <code>table-na</code> | {{tl|n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{tlp|n/a|unavailable}}|| {{n/a|unavailable}} |- | {{tl|varies}} || {{varies}} || {{tlp|varies|differs}}|| {{varies|differs}} |- | {{tl|non-album single}}<ref>This template is related to {{WikiProject link|Songs}}.</ref> || {{non-album single}} || {{tlp|non-album single|EP}} || {{non-album single|EP}} |- | {{tl|unreleased}} || {{unreleased}} || {{tlp|unreleased|shelved}} || {{unreleased|shelved}} |- | {{tl|BLACK}} || {{BLACK}} || {{tlp|BLACK|banned}} || {{BLACK|banned}} |- | {{tl|sdash}} || {{sdash}} || {{tlp|sdash|<nowiki>[[</nowiki>File:Dash.svg|13px|link=|dash icon]]}}|| {{sdash|[[File:Dash.svg|13px|link=|dash]]}} |- | {{tl|vacant}} || {{vacant}} || {{tlp|vacant|missing}} || {{vacant|missing}} |- |rowspan=2| <code>table-unknown</code> | {{tl|unknown}} || {{Unknown}} || {{tlp|unknown|?}} || {{unknown|?}} |- | {{tl|dunno}} || {{Dunno}} || {{tlp|dunno|not sure}} || {{dunno|not sure}} |- | <code>table-included</code> | {{tl|included}} || {{included}} || {{tlp|included|incorporated}} || {{included|incorporated}} |- | <code>noresult</code> | {{tl|no result}} || {{no result}} || {{tlp|no result|NR}} || {{no result|NR}} |- | <code>table-planned</code> | {{tl|planned}} || {{planned}} || {{tlp|planned|July 2028}} || {{planned|July 2028}} |- | <code>table-scheduled</code> | {{tl|scheduled}} || {{scheduled}} || {{tlp|scheduled|3 March 2027}} || {{scheduled|3 March 2027}} |- |rowspan=9| <code>table-software</code><ref>This group of templates is related to {{WikiProject link|Software}}.</ref> | {{tl|beta}} || {{beta}} || {{tlp|beta|preview}} || {{beta|preview}} |- | {{tl|table-experimental}} || {{table-experimental}} || {{tlp|table-experimental|lab}} || {{table-experimental|lab}} |- | {{tl|nightly}} || {{nightly}} || {{tlp|nightly|dev}} || {{nightly|dev}} |- | {{tl|release-candidate}} || {{release-candidate}} || {{tlp|release-candidate|RC}} || {{release-candidate|RC}} |- | {{tl|open source}} || {{open source}} || {{tlp|open source|software libre}} || {{open source|software libre}} |- | {{tl|free}} || {{free}} || {{tlp|free|empty}} || {{free|empty}} |- | {{tl|proprietary}} || {{proprietary}} || {{tlp|proprietary|custom extension}} || {{proprietary|custom extension}} |- | {{tl|nonfree}} || {{nonfree}} || {{tlp|nonfree|paid}} || {{nonfree|paid}} |- | {{tl|needs}} || {{needs}} || {{tlp|needs|req.}} || {{needs|req.}} |- | <code>table-depends</code> | {{tl|depends}} || {{depends}} || {{tlp|depends|vendor-defined}} || {{depends|vendor-defined}} |- |rowspan=2| <code>table-dropped</code> | {{tl|dropped}} || {{dropped}} || {{tlp|dropped|discontinued}} || {{dropped|discontinued}} |- | {{tl|terminated}} || {{terminated}} || {{tlp|terminated|fired}} || {{terminated|fired}} |- | <code>incorrect</code> | {{tl|incorrect}} || {{incorrect}} || {{tlp|incorrect|wrong}} || {{incorrect|wrong}} |- | rowspan=8 | <code>table-debate</code> | {{tl|D-P}} || {{D-P}} || {{tlp|D-P|present}} || {{D-P|present}} |- | {{tl|D-A}} || {{D-A}} || {{tlp|D-A|absent}} || {{D-A|absent}} |- | {{tl|D-I}} || {{D-I}} || {{tlp|D-I|invited}} || {{D-I|invited}} |- | {{tl|D-O}} || {{D-O}} || {{tlp|D-O|invited to other debate}} || {{D-O|invited to other debate}} |- | {{tl|D-N}} || {{D-N}} || {{tlp|D-N|not invited}} || {{D-N|not invited}} |- | {{tl|D-Nv}} || {{D-Nv}} || {{tlp|D-Nv|not voting}} || {{D-Nv|not voting}} |- | {{tl|D-W}} || {{D-W}} || {{tlp|D-W|withdrawn}} || {{D-W|withdrawn}} |- | {{tl|D-Out}} || {{D-Out}} || {{tlp|D-Out|out of race}} || {{D-Out|out of race}} |- |rowspan=14| <code>table-cast</code><ref>This group of templates is related to {{WikiProject link|Television}}.</ref> | {{tl|CMain}} || {{CMain}} || {{tlp|CMain|text}} || {{CMain|text}} |- | {{tl|CAlso starring}} || {{CAlso starring}} || {{tlp|CAlso starring|costar}} || {{CAlso starring|costar}} |- | {{tl|CRecurring}} || {{CRecurring}} || {{tlp|CRecurring|regular guest}} || {{CRecurring|regular guest}} |- | {{tl|CGuest}} || {{CGuest}} || {{tlp|CGuest|victim}} || {{CGuest|victim}} |- | {{tl|COther}} || {{COther}} || {{tlp|COther|ensemble}} || {{COther|ensemble}} |- | {{tl|CNone}} || {{CNone}} || {{tlp|CNone|cast}} || {{CNone|cast}} |- | {{tl|CEmpty}} || {{CEmpty}} || || |- | {{tl|CRemoved}} || {{CRemoved}} || {{tlp|CRemoved|edited}} || {{CRemoved|edited}} |- | {{tl|CFinalist}} || {{CFinalist}} || {{tlp|CFinalist|contender}} || {{CFinalist|contender}} |- | {{tlp|CFinalist|place{{=}}3rd Place}} || {{CFinalist|place=3rd Place}} || {{tlp|CFinalist|place{{=}}third place}} || {{CFinalist|place=third place}} |- | {{tl|exempt}} || {{exempt}} || {{tlp|Black Exempt}} || {{Black Exempt}} |- | {{tl|nocontest}} || {{nocontest}} || {{tlp|nocontest|rescheduled}} || {{nocontest|rescheduled}} |- | {{tl|Runner-up}} || {{Runner-up}} || {{tlp|Runner-up|2nd Place}} || {{Runner-up|2nd Place}} |- | {{tl|Quit}} || {{Quit}} || {{tlp|Quit|left}} || {{Quit|left}} |- |rowspan=9| ''no class'' | {{tl|not yet}} || {{not yet}} || {{tlp|not yet|NY}} || {{not yet|NY}} |- | {{tl|optional}} || {{optional}} || {{tlp|optional|non-mandatory}} || {{optional|non-mandatory}} |- | {{tlp|shade|100}}% || {{shade|100}}% || {{tlp|shade|color{{=}}blue|100}}% || {{shade|color=blue|100}}% |- | {{tlp|shade|75}}% || {{shade|75}}% || {{tlp|shade|color{{=}}blue|75|73–78}}% || {{shade|color=blue|75|73–78}}% |- | {{tlp|shade|25}}% || {{shade|25}}% || {{tlp|shade|color{{=}}blue|25|<nowiki>{{val|25|2|u=%}}</nowiki>}} || {{shade|color=blue|25|{{val|25|2|u=%}}}} |- | {{tlp|shade|0}}% || {{shade|0}}% || {{tlp|shade|color{{=}}blue|0}}% || {{shade|color=blue|0}}% |- | {{tlp|ColorCell}} || {{ColorCell}} || {{tlp|ColorCell|Blank}} || {{ColorCell|Blank}} |- | {{tlp|ColorCell|type{{=}}lred}} || {{ColorCell|type=lred}} || {{tlp|ColorCell|type{{=}}lred|Red}} || {{ColorCell|type=lred|Red}} |- | {{tlp|ColorCell|type{{=}}lgreen}} || {{ColorCell|type=lgreen}} || {{tlp|ColorCell|type{{=}}lgreen|Green}} || {{ColorCell|type=lgreen|Green}} |}</div> == Code == Common code to most if not all the templates in this series: :<code>{{Table cell templates|class=''automatic''|text=''text''|bg=#''abcdef''}}</code> <includeonly>{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|#default= Code specific to this template: :<code>{{ {{FULLPAGENAME}} }}</code> {{{doc|}}} }}</includeonly> == Creating new templates == To make a new table cell template you can use: :<syntaxhighlight lang=text inline>{{subst:Table cell templates|text= default text |bg= background color |class= a class name without prefix |align= standard horizontal alignment}}</syntaxhighlight> You should leave out the <code>align</code> parameter and often the <code>class</code> parameter is unnecessary, too. Add the new template to the table in the [[Template:Table cell templates/doc|common documentation]] afterwards. Please consider reusing one of the other templates and please choose the color sensibly. If you find a table cell template that does not take a parameter and you want to be able to change the text in the cell, ''do not'' duplicate the template! Instead, edit the template and change the text to a default parameter substitution. For example, if a template's text is <code>Dropped</code>, change that to <code><nowiki>{{{1|Dropped}}}</nowiki></code>. :<syntaxhighlight lang=text inline>style="background: #abcdef; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: {{{align|center}}}; {{{style|}}}" class="automatic table-automatic"| {{{1|text}}}</syntaxhighlight> == Choosing a color == When changing or creating a new template, follow the [[HELP:COLOR|use of colour guidelines]] and the [[MOS:COLOR|color accessibility guidelines]] when choosing the background color and, sometimes, the text color. Many of these templates can be used with links to other articles or references, so the links should be clearly identifiable against the background color. You can check contrast level using the [https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/ WebAIM contrast checker] by setting the foreground color to the [[WP:LINKCOLOR|blue link]] color. Contrast should be at the minimum WCAG AA level and, whenever possible, at WCAG AAA level. [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Colors]] has a set of colors that comply with WCAG AAA and WCAG AA for unvisited links and normal text. == Color subpage == All templates should either have a <code>/bgcolor</code> subpage that contains nothing but a valid CSS color code, possibly wrapped in ''nowiki'' tags, e.g. <code><nowiki>#BFD</nowiki></code>, which can be included with <code><nowiki>background: {{/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code> in the <code>style</code> attribute, or they should reference another template's subpage, e.g. <code><nowiki>background: {{Template:Yes2/bgcolor}};</nowiki></code>. Alternatively, the <code>/bgcolor</code> subpage may redirect to another color code subpage: <code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[yes2/bgcolor]]</nowiki></code>. This way, pages that are using these templates may also use {{tl|legend}} and similar templates which can reference the actual color: <code><nowiki>{{legend|{{yes2/bgcolor}}|supported}}</nowiki></code> == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}} <templatedata> { "description": "One of several templates for styling individual table cells with standard contents and colors.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "text", "description": "text to be displayed instead of the default; if this doesn't work put the text after the template, possibly with a vertical bar | in between", "type": "content", "default": "(template dependent)", "required": false, "suggested": false }, "align": { "label": "horizontal align", "description": "text alignment inside the cell, either 'left', 'right', 'center' or 'justified'", "default": "center", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false, "suggestedvalues": [ "left", "center", "right", "justified" ] }, "style": { "label": "style", "description": "a semicolon-separated list of additional CSS rules to be applied to the table cell", "inherits": "1", "type": "string", "suggested": false }, "color": { "label": "background color", "description": "a valid CSS color value or name to override the standard cell background, only available with some templates", "inherits": "1", "type": "line", "suggested": false } } } </templatedata> == See also == * {{tl|Change}} – calculates, displays and color-codes changes between two values * {{tl|BSD-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|GPL-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|LGPL-lic}} – specialized redirect for {{tlf|free}} * {{tl|Active}} / {{tl|No result}} / {{tl|Eliminated}} for {{C|Comparisons|comparison tables}} == Notes == {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc=|#default= <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Unified table cell templates]] }}}}</includeonly> 18bvldx45ao9sn8yo22lc8rh2de6wxe 10 11846 84939 2022-05-20T06:00:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Table cell templates wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {| |</noinclude>{{#if:{{{sort|}}}|data-sort-value="<nowiki>{{{sort|</nowiki>{{{sort}}}<nowiki>}}}</nowiki>"}} style="background: {{{bg|<nowiki>{{/bgcolor}}</nowiki>}}}; color: {{{color|black}}}; vertical-align: {{{valign|middle}}}; text-align: <nowiki>{{{align|</nowiki>{{{align|center}}}<nowiki>}}}</nowiki>; <nowiki>{{{style|text-transform: capitalize;}}}</nowiki>" class="{{{class|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}} table-{{{class|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}"| <nowiki>{{{1|</nowiki>{{{text}}}<nowiki>}}}</nowiki><noinclude> |} {{Documentation}} <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Table cell templates]] </noinclude> nv215pztm0qc4dk6weavbxdqm3920mz 10 11847 84940 2022-05-20T06:01:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yes wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {| class="wikitable" |- |</noinclude>style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:{{{align|center}}};{{{style|}}}" class="table-yes"|{{{1|Yes}}}<noinclude> |} {{documentation}} </noinclude> ojz8yqxnf8nerusv72kn55im7eprw97 10 11848 84941 2022-05-20T06:01:40Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Yes/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|5790}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> {{Table cell templates/doc}} <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> </includeonly> c6f7n2r29ksb2thpgtyjs6kz9niqh9n 828 11849 84942 2022-05-20T06:03:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Cs1 documentation support Scribunto text/plain require('Module:No globals'); local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs; local cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration'); -- load the configuration module local whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist'); -- load the whitelist module local exclusion_lists = { -- TODO: move these tables into a separate ~/data module and mw.loadData() it ['cite book'] = { ['agency'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['arxiv'] = true, ['biorxiv'] = true, ['citeseerx'] = true, ['class'] = true, ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['degree'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['display-interviewers'] = true, ['docket'] = true, ['episode'] = true, ['interviewer#'] = true, ['interviewer-first#'] = true, ['interviewer-link#'] = true, ['interviewer-mask#'] = true, ['ismn'] = true, ['issn'] = true, ['issue'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['journal'] = true, ['jstor'] = true, ['mailinglist'] = true, ['message-id'] = true, ['minutes'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['network'] = true, ['number'] = true, ['RFC'] = true, ['script-journal'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['sections'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['series-number'] = true, ['series-separator'] = true, ['sheet'] = true, ['sheets'] = true, ['SSRN'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['time'] = true, ['time-caption'] = true, ['trans-article'] = true, ['trans-journal'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, }, ['cite journal'] = { ['agency'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['book-title'] = true, ['chapter'] = true, ['chapter-format'] = true, ['chapter-url'] = true, ['chapter-url-access'] = true, ['class'] = true, ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['contribution'] = true, ['contributor#'] = true, ['contributor-first#'] = true, ['contributor-link#'] = true, ['contributor-mask#'] = true, ['degree'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['display-interviewers'] = true, ['docket'] = true, ['edition'] = true, ['editor#'] = true, ['editor-first#'] = true, ['editor-link#'] = true, ['editor-mask#'] = true, ['editors'] = true, ['encyclopedia'] = true, ['episode'] = true, ['ignore-isbn-error'] = true, ['interviewer#'] = true, ['interviewer-first#'] = true, ['interviewer-link#'] = true, ['interviewer-mask#'] = true, ['isbn'] = true, ['ismn'] = true, ['LCCN'] = true, ['mailinglist'] = true, ['message-id'] = true, ['minutes'] = true, ['network'] = true, ['script-chapter'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['sections'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['series-number'] = true, ['series-separator'] = true, ['sheet'] = true, ['sheets'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['time'] = true, ['time-caption'] = true, ['trans-article'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, }, } --[[-------------------------< A D D _ T O _ L I S T >--------------------------------------------------------- adds code/name pair to code_list and name/code pair to name_list; code/name pairs in override_list replace those taken from the MediaWiki list; these are marked with a superscripted dagger. |script-<param>= lang codes always use override names so dagger is omitted ]] local function add_to_list (code_list, name_list, override_list, code, name, dagger) if false == dagger then dagger = ''; -- no dagger for |script-<param>= codes and names else dagger = '^†'; -- dagger for all other lists using override end if override_list[code] then -- look in the override table for this code code_list[code] = override_list[code] .. dagger; -- use the name from the override table; mark with dagger name_list[override_list[code]] = code .. dagger; else code_list[code] = name; -- use the MediaWiki name and code name_list[name] = code; end end --[[-------------------------< L I S T _ F O R M A T >--------------------------------------------------------- formats key/value pair into a string for rendering ['k'] = 'v' → k: v ]] local function list_format (result, list) for k, v in pairs (list) do table.insert (result, k .. ': ' .. v); end end --[[-------------------------< L A N G _ L I S T E R >--------------------------------------------------------- Module entry point Crude documentation tool that returns one of several lists of language codes and names. Used in Template:Citation Style documentation/language/doc {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|lang_lister|list=<selector>|lang=<code>}} where <selector> is one of the values: 2char – list of ISO 639-1 codes and names sorted by code 3char – list of ISO 639-2, -3 codes and names sorted by code ietf – list of IETF language tags and names sorted by tag -- partial support for these by cs1|2 |language= parameter name – list of language names and codes sorted by name -- IETF tags omitted because not supported by cs1|2 |language= parameter all - list all language codes/tags and names sorted by code/tag where <code> is a MediaWiki supported 2, 3, or ietf-like language code; because of fall-back, language names may be the English-language names. ]] local function lang_lister (frame) local lang = (frame.args.lang and '' ~= frame.args.lang) and frame.args.lang or mw.getContentLanguage():getCode() local source_list = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames(lang, 'all'); local override = cfg.lang_code_remap; local code_1_list={}; local code_2_list={}; local ietf_list={}; local name_list={}; if not ({['2char']=true, ['3char']=true, ['ietf']=true, ['name']=true, ['all']=true})[frame.args.list] then return '<span style="color:#d33">unknown list selector: ' .. frame.args.list .. '</span>'; end for code, name in pairs (source_list) do if 'all' == frame.args.list then add_to_list (code_1_list, name_list, override, code, name); -- use the code_1_list because why not? elseif 2 == code:len() then add_to_list (code_1_list, name_list, override, code, name); elseif 3 == code:len() then add_to_list (code_2_list, name_list, override, code, name); else -- ietf codes only partically supported by cs1|2 |language= parameter add_to_list (ietf_list, name_list, override, code, name); end end local result = {}; local out = {}; if '2char' == frame.args.list or 'all' == frame.args.list then list_format (result, code_1_list); elseif '3char' == frame.args.list then list_format (result, code_2_list); elseif 'ietf' == frame.args.list then list_format (result, ietf_list); else --must be 'name' list_format (result, name_list); end local templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = "Div col/styles.css" } } table.sort (result); table.insert (result, 1, templatestyles .. '<div class="div-col" style="column-width:16em">'); table.insert (out, table.concat (result, '\n*')); table.insert (out, '</div>'); return table.concat (out, '\n'); end --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ L A N G _ L I S T E R >------------------------------------------ Module entry point Crude documentation tool that returns list of language codes and names supported by the various |script-<param>= parameters. used in Help:CS1 errors {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|script_lang_lister}} ]] local function script_lang_lister (frame) local lang_code_src = cfg.script_lang_codes ; -- get list of allowed script language codes local override = cfg.lang_code_remap; local this_wiki_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code; -- get this wiki's language local code_list = {}; -- interim list of aliases local name_list={}; -- not used; defined here so that we can reuse add_to_list() local out = {}; -- final output (for now an unordered list) for _, code in ipairs (lang_code_src) do -- loop through the list of codes local name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (code, this_wiki_lang); -- get the language name associated with this code add_to_list (code_list, name_list, override, code, name, false); -- name_list{} not used but provided so that we can reuse add_to_list(); don't add superscript dagger end local result = {}; local out = {}; list_format (result, code_list); local templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = "Div col/styles.css" } } table.sort (result); table.insert (result, 1, templatestyles .. '<div class="div-col" style="column-width:16em">'); table.insert (out, table.concat (result, '\n*')); table.insert (out, '</div>'); return table.concat (out, '\n'); end --[[--------------------------< A L I A S _ L I S T E R >------------------------------------------------------ experimental code that lists parameters and their aliases. Perhaps basis for some sort of documentation? {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|alias_lister}} ]] local function alias_lister () local alias_src = cfg.aliases; -- get master list of aliases local key; -- key for k/v in a new table local list = {}; -- interim list of aliases local out = {}; -- final output (for now an unordered list) for _, aliases in pairs (alias_src) do -- loop throu the master list of aliases if 'table' == type (aliases) then -- table only when there are aliases for i, alias in ipairs (aliases) do -- loop through all of the aliases if 1 == i then -- first 'alias' is the canonical parameter name key = alias; -- so it becomes the key in list else list[key] = list[key] and (list[key] .. ', ' .. alias) or alias; -- make comma-separated list of aliases list[alias] = 'see ' .. key; -- make a back reference from this alias to the canonical parameter end end end end for k, v in pairs (list) do -- loop through the list to make a simple unordered list table.insert (out, table.concat ({'*', k, ': ', v})); end table.sort (out); -- sort it return table.concat (out, '\010'); -- concatenate with \n -- return (mw.dumpObject (list)) end --[[--------------------------< C A N O N I C A L _ P A R A M _ L I S T E R >---------------------------------- experimental code that lists canonical parameter names. Perhaps basis for some sort of documentation? returns a comma separated, alpha sorted, list of the canonical parameters. If given a template name, excludes parameters listed in that template's exclusion_list[<template>]{} table (if a table has been defined). {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|canonical_param_lister|<template>}} ]] local function canonical_param_lister (frame) local template = frame.args[1]; if '' == template then template = nil; end if template then template = mw.text.trim (template:lower()); end local alias_src = cfg.aliases; -- get master list of aliases local id_src = cfg.id_handlers; -- get master list of identifiers local list = {}; -- interim list of aliases local out = {}; -- final output (for now an unordered list) for _, aliases in pairs (alias_src) do -- loop through the master list of aliases local name; if 'table' == type (aliases) then -- table only when there are aliases name = aliases[1]; -- first member of an aliases table is declared canonical else name = aliases; -- for those parameters that do not have any aliases, the parameter is declared canonical end if not template then -- no template name, add this parameter table.insert (list, name); elseif not exclusion_lists[template] then -- template name but no exclusion list table.insert (list, name); elseif not exclusion_lists[template][name] then -- template name and exclusion list but name not in list table.insert (list, name); end end for k, ids in pairs (id_src) do -- spin through the list of identifiers local name = id_src[k].parameters[1]; -- get the first (left-most) parameter name local access = id_src[k].custom_access; -- get the access-icon parameter if it exists for this identifier if not template then -- no template name table.insert (list, name); -- add this parameter if access then table.insert (list, access); -- add this access-icon parameter end elseif not exclusion_lists[template] then -- template name but no exclusion list table.insert (list, name); if access then table.insert (list, access); end elseif not exclusion_lists[template][name] then -- template name and exclusion list but name not in list table.insert (list, name); if access then table.insert (list, access); end end end for _, param in ipairs (list) do -- loop through the list to make a simple unordered list table.insert (out, table.concat ({'*', param})); end local function comp( a, b ) -- used in following table.sort() return a:lower() < b:lower(); end table.sort (out, comp); -- sort the list return table.concat (out, '\010'); -- concatenate with \n -- return (mw.dumpObject (list)) end --[[--------------------------< C A N O N I C A L _ N A M E _ G E T >------------------------------------------ returns first (canonical) name when metaparameter is assigned a table of names returns name when metaparameter is assigned a single name returns empty string when metaparameter name not found in alias_src{}, id_src{}, or id_src[meta].custom_access metaparameter <metaparam> is the key in Module:Citation/CS1 aliases{} table or id_handlers{} table. Because access-icon don't have <metaparam> keys, per se, we create pseudo <metaparam> keys by appending 'access' to the identifier <metaparam>: the <metaparam> for |doi-access= is, for the purposes of this function, DOIaccess, etc Some lists of aliases might be better served when a particular alias is identified as the canonical alias for a particular use case. If, for example, <metaparam> Perodical lists: 'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work' that order works fine for {{cite journal}} documentation but doesn't work so well for {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, or {{cite web}}. So, for using this function to document {{cite magazine}} the returned value should be the parameter best suited for that template so we can specify magazine in the override (frame.args[2]) While for this function, it would be just as simple to not use the function, this mechanism is implemented here to match similar functionality in alias_names_get() (there are slight differences) <override> must exist in the alias list does not apply to the access icon parameters (ignored - these have no aliases) (and which would be best for {{cite news}}? |newspaper= or |work=? can't solve all of the worlds problems at once). output format is controlled by |format= plain - renders in plain text in a <span> tag; may have id attribute para - renders as it would in {{para|<param>}} {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|canonical_name_get|<metaparam>|<override>|id=<attribute>|format=[plain|para]}} ]] local function canonical_name_get (frame) local alias_src = cfg.aliases; -- get master list of aliases local id_src = cfg.id_handlers; -- get master list of identifiers local args = getArgs (frame); local name; local meta = args[1] local override = args[2]; local access; -- for id-access parameters if meta:match ('^(%u+)access') then -- the metaparameter (which is not used in ~/Configuration) is id_handlers key concatenated with access: BIBCODEaccess meta, access = meta:gsub ('^(%u+)access', '%1'); -- strip 'access' text from meta and use returned count value as a flag end if alias_src[meta] then name = alias_src[meta]; -- name is a string or a table if 'table' == type (name) then -- table only when there are aliases if not override then name = name[1]; -- first member of an aliases table is declared canonical else for _, v in ipairs (name) do -- here when override is set; spin throu the aliases to make sure override matches alias in table if v == override then name = v; -- declare override to be the canonical param for this use case break; end end end end elseif id_src[meta]then -- if there is an id handler if access then -- and if this is a request for the handler's custom access parameter if id_src[meta].custom_access then -- if there is a custom access parameter name = id_src[meta].custom_access; -- use it else return ''; -- nope, return empty string end else if not override then name = id_src[meta].parameters[1]; -- get canonical id handler parameter else for _, v in ipairs (id_src[meta].parameters) do -- here when override is set; spin throu the aliases to make sure override matches alias in table if v == override then name = v; -- declare override to be the canonical param for this use case break; end end end end else return ''; -- metaparameter not specified, or no such metaparameter end if 'plain' == args.format then -- format and return the output if args.id then return string.format ('<span id="%s">%s</span>', args.id, name); -- plain text with id attribute else return name; -- plain text end elseif 'para' == args.format then return string.format ('<code class="nowrap">|%s=</code>', name); -- same as {{para|<param>}} end return string.format ('<b id="%s">%s</b>', args.id or '', name); -- because {{csdoc}} bolds param names end --[[--------------------------< A L I A S _ N A M E S _ G E T >------------------------------------------------ returns list of aliases for metaparameter <metaparam> returns empty string when there are no aliases returns empty string when <metaparam> name not found in alias_src{} or id_src{}; access icon parameters have no aliases so ignored metaparameter <metaparam> is the key in Module:Citation/CS1 aliases{} table or id_handlers{} table. Some lists of aliases might be better served when a particular alias is identified as the canonical alias for a particular use case. If, for example, <metaparam> Perodical lists: 'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work' that order works fine for {{cite journal}} documentation but doesn't work so well for {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, or {{cite web}}. So, for using this function to document {{cite magazine}} the returned value should be the aliases that are not best suited for that template so we can specify magazine in the override (frame.args[2]) to be the canonical parameter so it won't be listed with the rest of the aliases (normal canonical journal will be) <override> must exist in the alias list except: when <override> value is 'all', returns the canonical parameter plus all of the aliases output format is controlled by |format= plain - renders in plain text in a <span> tag; may have id attribute para - renders as it would in {{para|<param>}} when not specified, refurns the default bold format used for {{csdoc}} {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|alias_name_get|<metaparam>|<override>|format=[plain|para]}} ]] local function alias_names_get (frame) local alias_src = cfg.aliases; -- get master list of aliases local id_src = cfg.id_handlers; -- get master list of identifiers local args = getArgs (frame); local meta = args[1]; local override = args[2]; local out = {}; local source; -- selected parameter or id aliases list local aliases; source = alias_src[meta] or (id_src[meta] and id_src[meta].parameters); if not source then if meta:match ('%u+access') then return 'no' == args.none and '' or 'none'; -- custom access parameters don't have aliases else return ''; -- no such meta end elseif not source[2] then -- id_source[meta] is always a table; if no second member, no aliases return 'no' == args.none and '' or 'none'; end if not override then aliases = source; -- normal skip-canonical param case else local flag = 'all' == override and true or nil; -- so that we know that <override> parameter is a valid alias; spoof when override == 'all' aliases = {[1] = ''}; -- spoof to push alias_src[meta][1] and id_src[meta][1] into aliases[2] for _, v in ipairs (source) do -- here when override is set; spin through the aliases to make sure override matches alias in table if v ~= override then table.insert (aliases, v); -- add all but overridden param to the the aliases list for this use case else flag = true; -- set the flag so we know that <override> is a valid alias end end if not flag then aliases = {} -- unset the table as error indicator end end if 'table' == type (aliases) then -- table only when there are aliases for i, alias in ipairs (aliases) do if 1 ~= i then -- aliases[1] is the canonical name; don't include it if 'plain' == args.format then -- format and return the output table.insert (out, alias); -- plain text elseif 'para' == args.format then table.insert (out, string.format ('<code class="nowrap">|%s=</code>', alias)); -- same as {{para|<param>}} else table.insert (out, string.format ("'''%s'''", alias)); -- because csdoc bolds param names end end end return table.concat (out, ', '); -- make pretty list and quit end return 'no' == args.none and '' or 'none'; -- no metaparameter with that name or no aliases end --[[--------------------------< I S _ B O O K _ C I T E _ T E M P L A T E >------------------------------------ fetch the title of the current page; if it is a preprint template, return true; empty string else ]] local book_cite_templates = { ['citation'] = true, ['cite book'] = true, } local function is_book_cite_template () local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().rootText; -- get title of current page without namespace and without sub-pages; from Template:Cite book/new -> Cite book title = title and title:lower() or ''; return book_cite_templates[title] or ''; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ L I M I T E D _ P A R A M _ T E M P L A T E >---------------------------- fetch the title of the current page; if it is a preprint template, return true; empty string else ]] local limited_param_templates = { -- if ever there is a need to fetch info from ~/Whitelist then ['cite arxiv'] = true, -- this list could also be fetched from there ['cite biorxiv'] = true, ['citeseerx'] = true, ['ssrn'] = true, } local function is_limited_param_template () local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().rootText; -- get title of current page without namespace and without sub-pages; from Template:Cite book/new -> Cite book title = title and title:lower() or ''; return limited_param_templates[title] or ''; end --[[--------------------------< H E A D E R _ M A K E >-------------------------------------------------------- makes a section header from <header_text> and <level>; <level> defaults to 2; cannot be less than 2 ]] local function _header_make (args) if not args[1] then return ''; -- no header text end local level = args[2] and tonumber (args[2]) or 2; level = string.rep ('=', level); return level .. args[1] .. level; end --[[--------------------------< H E A D E R _ M A K E >-------------------------------------------------------- Entry from an {{#invoke:}} makes a section header from <header_text> and <level>; <level> defaults to 2; cannot be less than 2 ]] local function header_make (frame) local args = getArgs (frame); return _header_make (args); end --[[--------------------------< I D _ L I M I T S _ G E T >---------------------------------------------------- return the limit values for named identifier parameters that have <id> limits (pmc, pmid, ssrn, s2cid, oclc, osti, rfc); the return value used in template documentation and error message help-text {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|id_limits_get|<id>}} ]] local function id_limits_get (frame) local args = getArgs (frame); local handlers = cfg.id_handlers; -- get id_handlers {} table from ~/Configuration return args[1] and handlers[args[1]:upper()].id_limit or ('<span style="color:#d33">No limit defined for identifier: ' .. (args[1] or '<unknown name>') .. '</span>'); end --[[--------------------------< C A T _ L I N K _ M A K E >---------------------------------------------------- ]] local function cat_link_make (cat) return table.concat ({'[[:Category:', cat, ']]'}); end --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C A T _ L I S T E R >-------------------------------------------- utility function to get script-language categories ]] local lang_list_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames ('en', 'all'); local function script_cat_lister (script_lang_codes_t, lang_code_remap_t, cats_list_t) for _, lang_code in ipairs (script_lang_codes_t) do local lang_name = lang_code_remap_t[lang_code] or lang_list_t[lang_code]; -- use remap table to get Bengali instead of Bangla and the like; else use standard MediaWiki names local cat = 'CS1 uses ' .. lang_name .. '-language script (' .. lang_code .. ')'; -- build a category name cats_list_t[cat] = 1; -- and save it end end --[[--------------------------< C S 1 _ C A T _ L I S T E R >-------------------------------------------------- This is a crude tool that reads the category names from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration, makes links of them, and then lists them in sorted lists. A couple of parameters control the rendering of the output: |select= -- (required) takes one of three values: error, maint, prop |sandbox= -- takes one value: no |hdr-lvl= -- base header level (number of == that make a header); default:2 min:2 This tool will automatically attempt to load a sandbox version of ~/Configuration if one exists. Setting |sandbox=no will defeat this. {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|cat_lister|select=<error|maint|prop>|sandbox=<no>}} ]] local function cat_lister (frame) local args = getArgs (frame); local list_live_cats = {}; -- list of live categories local list_sbox_cats = {}; -- list of sandbox categories local live_sbox_out = {} -- list of categories that are common to live and sandbox modules local live_not_in_sbox_out = {} -- list of categories in live but not sandbox local sbox_not_in_live_out = {} -- list of categories in sandbox but not live local out = {}; -- final output assembled here local sandbox; -- boolean; true: evaluate the sandbox module local hdr_lvl; -- local sb_cfg; local sandbox, sb_cfg = pcall (mw.loadData, 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox'); -- get sandbox configuration local cat; local select = args.select; if 'no' == args.sandbox then -- list sandbox? sandbox = false; -- no, live only end if hdr_lvl then -- if set and if tonumber (hdr_lvl) then -- can be converted to number if 2 > tonumber (hdr_lvl) then -- min is 2 hdr_lvl = 2; -- so set to min end else -- can't be converted hdr_lvl = 2; -- so default to min end else hdr_lvl = 2; -- not set so default to min end if 'error' == select or 'maint' == select then -- error and main categorys handling different from poperties cats for _, t in pairs (cfg.error_conditions) do -- get the live module's categories if ('error' == select and t.message) or ('maint' == select and not t.message) then cat = t.category:gsub ('|(.*)$', ''); -- strip sort key if any list_live_cats[cat] = 1; -- add to the list end end if sandbox then -- if ~/sandbox module exists and |sandbox= not set to 'no' for _, t in pairs (sb_cfg.error_conditions) do -- get the sandbox module's categories if ('error' == select and t.message) or ('maint' == select and not t.message) then cat = t.category:gsub ('|(.*)$', ''); -- strip sort key if any list_sbox_cats[cat] = 1; -- add to the list end end end elseif 'prop' == select then -- prop cats for _, cat in pairs (cfg.prop_cats) do -- get the live module's categories cat = cat:gsub ('|(.*)$', ''); -- strip sort key if any list_live_cats[cat] = 1; -- add to the list end script_cat_lister (cfg.script_lang_codes, cfg.lang_code_remap, list_live_cats); -- get live module's foriegn language script cats if sandbox then -- if ~/sandbox module exists and |sandbox= not set to 'no' for _, cat in pairs (sb_cfg.prop_cats) do -- get the sandbox module's categories cat = cat:gsub ('|(.*)$', ''); -- strip sort key if any list_sbox_cats[cat] = 1; -- add to the list end script_cat_lister (sb_cfg.script_lang_codes, sb_cfg.lang_code_remap, list_sbox_cats); -- get sandbox module's foriegn language script cats end else return '<span style="color:#d33; font-style:normal;">error: unknown selector: ' .. select .. '</span>' end for k, _ in pairs (list_live_cats) do -- separate live/sbox common cats from cats not in sbox if not list_sbox_cats[k] and sandbox then table.insert (live_not_in_sbox_out, cat_link_make (k)); -- in live but not in sbox else table.insert (live_sbox_out, cat_link_make (k)); -- in both live and sbox end end for k, _ in pairs (list_sbox_cats) do -- separate sbox/live common cats from cats not in live if not list_live_cats[k] then table.insert (sbox_not_in_live_out, cat_link_make (k)); -- in sbox but not in live end end local function comp (a, b) -- local function for case-agnostic category name sorting return a:lower() < b:lower(); end local header; -- initialize section header with name of selected category list if 'error' == select then header = 'error'; elseif 'maint' == select then header = 'maintenance'; else header = 'properties'; end header = table.concat ({ -- build the main header 'Live ', -- always include this ((sandbox and 'and sandbox ') or ''), -- if sandbox evaluated, mention that header, -- add the list name ' categories (', -- finish the name and add #live_sbox_out, -- count of categories listed ')' -- close }) local templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = "Div col/styles.css" } } header = table.concat ({ -- make a useable header _header_make ({header, hdr_lvl}), '\n' .. templatestyles .. '<div class="div-col">' -- opening <div> for columns }); table.sort (live_sbox_out, comp); -- sort case agnostic acsending table.insert (live_sbox_out, 1, header); -- insert the header at the top table.insert (out, table.concat (live_sbox_out, '\n*')); -- make a big string of unordered list markup table.insert (out, '</div>\n'); -- close the </div> and add new line so the next header works if 0 ~= #live_not_in_sbox_out then -- when there is something in the table header = table.concat ({ -- build header for subsection 'In live but not in sandbox (', #live_not_in_sbox_out, ')' }); header = table.concat ({ -- make a useable header _header_make ({header, hdr_lvl+1}), '\n' .. templatestyles .. '<div class="div-col">' }); table.sort (live_not_in_sbox_out, comp); table.insert (live_not_in_sbox_out, 1, header); table.insert (out, table.concat (live_not_in_sbox_out, '\n*')); table.insert (out, '</div>\n'); end if 0 ~= #sbox_not_in_live_out then -- when there is something in the table header = table.concat ({ -- build header for subsection 'In sandbox but not in live (', #sbox_not_in_live_out, ')' }); header = table.concat ({ -- make a useable header _header_make ({header, hdr_lvl+1}), '\n' .. templatestyles .. '<div class="div-col">' }); table.sort (sbox_not_in_live_out, comp); table.insert (sbox_not_in_live_out, 1, header); table.insert (out, table.concat (sbox_not_in_live_out, '\n*')); table.insert (out, '</div>\n'); end return table.concat (out); -- concat into a huge string and done end --[=[--------------------------< H E L P _ T E X T _ C A T S >-------------------------------------------------- To create category links at the bottom of each error help text section and on the individual error category pages; fetches category names from ~/Configuration; replaces this: {{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv|Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv|[[:Category:CS1 errors: bioRxiv]]}} with this: {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_biorxiv}} where {{{1}}} is the error_conditions key from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration add |pages=yes to append the number of pages in the category ]=] local function help_text_cats (frame) local args_t = getArgs (frame); local error_conditions_t = cfg.error_conditions; -- get the table of error conditions if args_t[1] and error_conditions_t[args_t[1]] then -- must have error_condition key and it must exist local error_cat = error_conditions_t[args_t[1]].category; -- get error category from cs1|2 configuration local title_obj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); -- get a title object for the currently displayed page local name_space = title_obj.nsText; if ('Category' == name_space) and (error_cat == title_obj.text) then -- if this is the category page for the error message return table.concat ({'Category:', error_cat}); -- no link; just category name else -- here when currently displayed page is other than the error message category local pages = ''; -- default empty strin for concatenation if 'yes' == args_t.pages then -- if we should display category page count: TODO: do we need to keep this? pages = mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory (error_cat, 'all'); -- get category page count pages = table.concat ({' (', mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum (pages), ' page', (1 == pages) and ')' or 's)'}); -- make renderable text end return table.concat ({'[[:Category:', error_cat, ']]', pages}); -- link to category with or without page count end else return '<span style="color:#d33">unknown error_conditions key: ' .. (args[1] or 'key missing') .. '</span>'; end end --[[--------------------------< H E L P _ T E X T _ E R R O R _ M E S S A G E >-------------------------------- to render help text example error messages {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_biorxiv}} assign a single underscore to any of the |$n= parameters to insert an empty string in the error message: {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=_}} -> Check |issn= value {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=e}} -> Check |eissn= value error message is rendered at 120% font size; to specify another font size use |size=; must include unit specifier (%, em, etc) ]] local function help_text_error_messages (frame) local args_t = getArgs (frame); local error_conditions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration').error_conditions; -- local span_o = '<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">'; local span_o = '<span class="citation-comment" style="color:#d33; font-size:' .. ((args_t.size and args_t.size) or '120%') .. '">'; local span_c = '</span>'; local message; local out = {}; -- output goes here if args_t[1] and error_conditions[args_t[1]] then -- must have error_condition key and it must exist message = error_conditions[args_t[1]].message; local i=1; local count; local rep; repeat rep = '$'..i args_t[rep] = args_t[rep] and args_t[rep]:gsub ('^%s*_%s*$', '') or nil; -- replace empty string marker with actual empty string message, count = message:gsub (rep, args_t[rep] or rep) i = i + 1; until (0 == count); table.insert (out, span_o); table.insert (out, message); table.insert (out, span_c); else return '<span style="color:#d33">unknown error_conditions key: ' .. (args_t[1] or 'key missing') .. '</span>'; end local out_str = table.concat (out); return table.concat ({frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css'}), out_str}); end --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------------- This table is a k/v table of sequence tables. The keys in this table are collapsed lowercase form of the cs1|2 template names ({{ROOTPAGENAME}}): Template:Cite AV media -> citeavmedia Each subsequence table holds: [1] documentation page where the TemplateData json is stored ({{cite book}} is the oddball) [2] key to 'preprint_arguments' and unique_arguments' tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist; these keys dictate which of the basic or limited arguments and numbered arguments tables will be used to validate the content of the TemplateData ]] local templates_t = { citearxiv = {'Template:Cite_arXiv/doc', 'arxiv'}, -- preprint arguments citeavmedia = {'Template:Cite AV media/doc', 'audio-visual'}, -- unique arguments citeavmedianotes = {'Template:Cite AV media notes/doc'}, -- no template data citebiorxiv = {'Template:Cite bioRxiv/doc', 'biorxiv'}, -- preprint arguments citebook = {'Template:Cite book/TemplateData'}, citeciteseerx = {'Template:Cite citeseerx/doc', 'citeseerx'}, -- no template data; preprint uses limited arguments citeconference = {'Template:Cite conference/doc', 'conference'}, -- unique arguments citeencyclopedia = {'Template:Cite encyclopedia/doc'}, citeepisode = {'Template:Cite episode/doc', 'episode'}, -- unique arguments citeinterview = {'Template:Cite interview/doc'}, citejournal = {'Template:Cite journal/doc'}, citemagazine = {'Template:Cite magazine/doc'}, citemailinglist = {'Template:Cite mailing list/doc', 'mailinglist'}, -- unique arguments -- no template data citemap = {'Template:Cite map/doc', 'map'}, -- unique arguments -- no template data citenews = {'Template:Cite news/doc'}, citenewsgroup = {'Template:Cite newsgroup/doc', 'newsgroup'}, -- unique arguments citepodcast = {'Template:Cite podcast/doc'}, citepressrelease = {'Template:Cite press release/doc'}, citereport = {'Template:Cite report/doc', 'report'}, -- unique arguments citeserial = {'Template:Cite serial/doc', 'serial'}, -- unique arguments -- no template data citesign = {'Template:Cite sign/doc'}, citespeech = {'Template:Cite speech/doc', 'speech'}, -- unique arguments -- no template data citessrn = {'Template:Cite ssrn/doc', 'ssrn'}, -- preprint arguments -- no template data citetechreport = {'Template:Cite techreport/doc'}, citethesis = {'Template:Cite thesis/doc', 'thesis'}, -- unique arguments citeweb = {'Template:Cite web/doc'}, citation = {'Template:Citation/doc'}, } --[[--------------------------< I D E N T I F I E R _ A L I A S E S _ T >-------------------------------------- a table of the identifier aliases ]] local identifier_aliases_t = {} for identifier, handler in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do -- for each identifier local aliases_t = {}; -- create a table for _, alias in ipairs (handler.parameters) do -- get the alaises aliases_t[alias] = true; -- and add them to the table in a form that mimics the whitelist tables end identifier_aliases_t[identifier:lower()] = aliases_t; -- add new table to the identifier aliases table; use lowercase identifier base name for the key end --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E _ D A T A _ J S O N _ G E T >---------------------------------- get template doc page content and extract the content of the TemplateData tags (case insensitive) <template> is the canonical name of the template doc page (with namespace) that holds the template data; usually Template:Cite xxx/doc (except Template:Cite book/TemplateData) ]] local function template_data_json_get (template) local json = mw.title.new (template):getContent() or ''; -- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625 json = json:match ('<[Tt]emplate[Dd]ata>(.-)</[Tt]emplate[Dd]ata>'); -- remove everything exept the content of the TemplatData tags return json and mw.text.jsonDecode (json); -- decode the json string and return as a table; nil if not found end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ U N I Q U E _ P A R A M >------------------------------------ looks for <param> (can be the canonical parameter name or can be an alias) in whitelist.basic_arguments{} and if necessary in whitelist.numbered_arguments{}. When found, returns true; nil else <param> is the parameter's name as listed in the TemplateData ]] local function validate_basic_param (param) if true == whitelist.basic_arguments[param] or true == whitelist.numbered_arguments[param] then return true; end end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R E P R I N T _ P A R A M >-------------------------------- looks for <param> (can be the canonical parameter name or can be an alias) in whitelist.preprint_arguments{} or whitelist.limited_basic_arguments{} or whitelist.limited_numbered_arguments{}. When found, returns true; nil else <param> is the parameter's name as listed in the TemplateData <key> is key neccessary to look in the appropriate subtable of whitelist.preprint_arguments{} ]] local function validate_preprint_param (param, key) if true == whitelist.preprint_arguments[key][param] or true == whitelist.limited_basic_arguments[param] or true == whitelist.limited_numbered_arguments[param] then return true; end end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ U N I Q U E _ P A R A M >------------------------------------ looks for <param> (can be the canonical parameter name or can be an alias) in whitelist.unique_arguments{} or whitelist.basic_arguments{} or whitelist.numbered_arguments{}. When found, returns true; nil else <param> is the parameter's name as listed in the TemplateData <key> is key neccessary to look in the appropriate subtable of whitelist.unique_arguments{} ]] local function validate_unique_param (param, key, cfg_aliases_t) if true == whitelist.unique_arguments[key][param] or true == validate_basic_param (param) then return true; end end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I D _ P A R A M >-------------------------------------------- looks for <param> <alias> in identifier_aliases_t{}. When found, returns true; nil else <param> is the parameter's name as listed in the TemplateData <alias> is the alias that we're looking for ]] local function validate_id_alias (param, alias) return identifier_aliases_t[param] and identifier_aliases_t[param][alias]; end --[[--------------------------< P A R A M _ E R R O R_ M S G >------------------------------------------------- ]] local function param_error_msg (param) return '<code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit">|' .. param .. '=</code> is not a valid parameter'; end --[[--------------------------< A L I A S _ E R R O R_ M S G >------------------------------------------------- ]] local function alias_error_msg (param, alias) return '<code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit">|' .. alias .. '=</code> is not a valid alias of: <code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit">|' .. param .. '=</code>'; end --[[--------------------------< C F G _ A L I A S E S _ T _ M A K E >------------------------------------------ convert this from cfg.aliases{}: ['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'} to this in out_t{} ['access-date'] = 'AccessDate', ['accessdate'] = 'AccessDate', to test if |accessdate= is an aliases of |access-date=: if out_t['access-date'] == out_t['accessdate'] ]] local function cfg_aliasts_t_make () local out_t = {}; for meta, params_t in pairs (cfg.aliases) do if 'table' == type (params_t) then -- metaparameters that are assigned string values do not have aliases for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do -- for each alias param = param:gsub ('#', ''); -- get rid of enumerators out_t[param] = meta; -- add it to the output table end end end --error (mw.dumpObject (out_t)) return out_t; end --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E _ D A T A _ V A L I D A T E >---------------------------------- compairs parameter names listed in a cs1|2 template's TemplateData structure (everything between <TemplateData> and </TemplateData> tag case insensitive). Returns error messages when errors found, empty string else. {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|template_data_validate|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} When called from a different page: {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|template_data_validate|<canonical template name>}} where the <canonical template name> is the template's canonical name with or without namespace and or subpages ]] local function template_data_validate (frame) local args_t = getArgs (frame); if not args_t[1] then return '<span style="color:#d33">Error: cs1|2 template name required</span>'; end local template_idx = args_t[1]:lower():match ('cit[ae][^/]+'); -- args_t[1] has something if not template_idx then -- but if not a cs1|2 template abandon with error message return '<span style="color:#d33">Error: cs1|2 template name required</span>'; else template_idx = template_idx:gsub (' ', ''); -- is what appears to be a cs1|2 template so strip spaces end local cfg_aliases_t = cfg_aliasts_t_make (); local template_t = templates_t[template_idx]; local out = {}; local template_doc = template_t[1]; local json_t = template_data_json_get (template_doc); if not json_t then table.insert (out, 'Error: can\'t find TemplateData'); else for param, param_t in pairs (json_t['params']) do local param_i = param:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- in case an enumerated parameter, convert the enumerate digits to a single '#' character local param_is_valid; -- boolean true when param is valid; nil else if template_t[2] then -- if template is a preprint or uses unique parameters if whitelist.preprint_arguments[template_t[2]] then -- if a preprint template param_is_valid = validate_preprint_param (param_i, template_t[2]); if param_is_valid then if param_t['aliases'] then for _, alias in ipairs (param_t['aliases']) do local alias_i = alias:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- in case an enumerated parameter, convert the enumerator digits to a single '#' character if not validate_preprint_param (alias_i, template_t[2]) then -- is 'alias' a known parameter? table.insert (out, alias_error_msg (param, alias)); -- may be known but is not supported elseif cfg_aliases_t[param_i:gsub ('#', '')] ~= cfg_aliases_t[alias_i:gsub ('#', '')] then -- is 'alias' known to be an alias of 'param'? table.insert (out, alias_error_msg (param, alias)); end end end else -- here when param not valid preprint param table.insert (out, param_error_msg (param)) end elseif whitelist.unique_arguments[template_t[2]] then -- if a unique parameters template param_is_valid = validate_unique_param (param_i, template_t[2]); if param_is_valid then if param_t['aliases'] then for _, alias in ipairs (param_t['aliases']) do local alias_i = alias:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- in case an enumerated parameter, convert the enumerate digits to a single '#' character if not validate_unique_param (alias_i, template_t[2]) then -- is 'alias' a known parameter? table.insert (out, alias_error_msg (param, alias)); elseif cfg_aliases_t[param_i:gsub ('#', '')] ~= cfg_aliases_t[alias_i:gsub ('#', '')] then -- is 'alias' known to be an alias of 'param'? table.insert (out, alias_error_msg (param, alias)); end end end else -- here when param not valid unique parameter table.insert (out, param_error_msg (param)) end else -- should never be here if coder is doing the right thing ... table.insert (out, 'internal error: unexpected keyword in templates_t: ' .. template_t[2]); break; end else -- here when not unique or preprint param_is_valid = validate_basic_param (param_i); if param_is_valid then if param_t['aliases'] then for _, alias in ipairs (param_t['aliases']) do local alias_i = alias:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- in case an enumerated parameter, convert the enumerate digits to a single '#' character if not validate_basic_param (alias_i) and not validate_id_alias (param, alias) then -- for isbn13 (while still supported) must not mask the digits table.insert (out, alias_error_msg (param, alias)); end end end else -- here when param not valid table.insert (out, param_error_msg (param)) end end end end if 0 ~= #out then table.sort (out); out[1] = '*' .. out[1]; -- add a splat to the first error message -- return table.concat ({'[[' .. template_doc .. ']] TemplateData has errors:<div style="color:#d33; font-style: normal">\n', table.concat (out, '\n*'), '</div>'}); return table.concat ({ '[[Template:' .. args_t[1] .. ']] uses ', whitelist.preprint_arguments[template_t[2]] and 'preprint and limited parameter sets' or (whitelist.unique_arguments[template_t[2]] and 'unique and standard parameter sets' or 'standard parameter set'), '; TemplateData has errors:\n', '<div style="color:#d33; font-style: normal">\n', table.concat (out, '\n*'), '</div>' }); else return; -- no errors detected; return nothing end end --[[--------------------------< E R R O R _ C A T _ P A G E _ T A L L Y >-------------------------------------- loop through Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration error_conditions {} fetching error category names. For each error category add the number of pages in the category to the tally. Render the number when done. {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|error_cat_page_tally}} ]] local function error_cat_page_tally () local error_conditions_t = cfg.error_conditions; -- get the table of error conditions local tally = 0; local cat_t = {}; -- some error message share a category; save tallied cats here so we don't recount the already counted local i = 0; -- number of categories for k, v_t in pairs (error_conditions_t) do if k:match ('^err') then if not cat_t[v_t.category] then cat_t[v_t.category] = true; tally = tally + mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory (v_t.category, 'pages'); -- get category page count; ignore subcats and files i = i + 1; end end end return mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum (tally) end --[[--------------------------< M A I N T _ C A T _ P A G E _ T A L L Y >-------------------------------------- loop through Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration error_conditions {} fetching error category names. For each error category add the number of pages in the category to the tally. Render the number when done. {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|maint_cat_page_tally}} Dynamic subcats of CS1 maint: DOI inactive not counted because these names come and go as time goes by. ]] local function maint_cat_page_tally () local error_conditions_t = cfg.error_conditions; -- get the table of error conditions local tally = 0; local cat_t = {}; -- some error message share a category; save tallied cats here so we don't recount the already counted local i = 0; -- number of categories for k, v_t in pairs (error_conditions_t) do if not k:match ('^err') then -- if not an error key its a maint key if not cat_t[v_t.category] then cat_t[v_t.category] = true; if 'maint_mult_names' == k or 'maint_numeric_names' == k then local special_case_translation_t = cfg.special_case_translation; for _, name in ipairs ({'AuthorList', 'ContributorList', 'EditorList', 'InterviewerList', 'TranslatorList'}) do local cat_name = v_t.category:gsub ('$1', special_case_translation_t[name]); -- replace $1 with translated list name tally = tally + mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory (cat_name, 'pages'); -- get category page count; ignore subcats and files i = i + 1; end else tally = tally + mw.site.stats.pagesInCategory (v_t.category, 'pages'); -- get category page count; ignore subcats and files i = i + 1; end end end end return mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum (tally) end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { alias_lister = alias_lister, alias_names_get = alias_names_get, canonical_param_lister = canonical_param_lister, canonical_name_get = canonical_name_get, cat_lister = cat_lister, error_cat_page_tally = error_cat_page_tally, header_make = header_make, help_text_cats = help_text_cats, help_text_error_messages = help_text_error_messages, id_limits_get = id_limits_get, is_book_cite_template = is_book_cite_template, is_limited_param_template = is_limited_param_template, lang_lister = lang_lister, maint_cat_page_tally = maint_cat_page_tally, script_lang_lister = script_lang_lister, template_data_validate = template_data_validate, }; 7fsn8evsw8loe0atyo1uww4tt3j368t 828 11850 84943 2022-05-20T06:03:41Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Cs1 documentation support/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lua|Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration|Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox|Module:Arguments|Module:No globals}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css|Template:Div col/styles.css|noprotcat=yes}} This module provides support for cs1|2 documentation by fetching data from the various modules, most notably [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] and rendering that data in a reader-accessible format. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#invoke:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|''function_name''}}</code> <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> }}</includeonly> 62q1z67f8kjws1elimvl3wqq1cd8uwf 828 11851 84944 2022-05-20T06:04:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox Scribunto text/plain --[[ History of changes since last sync: 2022-01-26 2022-01-31: move {{citation}} specific |volume= & |issue= lists from main module; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#%7Cissue%3D_and_%7Cvolume%3D_i18n 2022-02-03: automate local language month name fetching; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Internationalisation_need_#2 2022-02-27: i18n local_lang_cat_enable bug fix; see User_talk:Trappist_the_monk#CS1_-_Miscellaneous 2022-03-08: no auto-date formatting in template namespace; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Checking_for_date_format_on_template_pages 2022-04-15: detect et al with trailing semicolon; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#et_al_and_punctuation ]] local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage(); -- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates --[[--------------------------< U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S >------------------------------ List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default. Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces. ]] local uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' }; local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'}; -- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize --[[--------------------------< M E S S A G E S >-------------------------------------------------------------- Translation table The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation. This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this module. ]] local messages = { ['agency'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2', ['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2', ['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2', ['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on ', ['archived'] = 'Archived', ['by'] = 'By', -- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1', ['editor'] = 'ed.', ['editors'] = 'eds.', ['edition'] = '($1&nbsp;ed.)', ['episode'] = 'Episode $1', ['et al'] = 'et&nbsp;al.', ['in'] = 'In', -- edited works ['inactive'] = 'inactive', ['inset'] = '$1 inset', ['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1', ['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary', ['mismatch'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> mismatch', -- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name ['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&nbsp;$1', ['notitle'] = 'No title', -- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none ['original'] = 'the original', ['origdate'] = ' [$1]', ['published'] = ' (published $1)', ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1', ['season'] = 'Season $1', ['section'] = '§&nbsp;$1', ['sections'] = '§§&nbsp;$1', ['series'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is series ['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1', ['translated'] = 'Translated by $1', ['type'] = ' ($1)', -- for titletype ['written'] = 'Written at $1', ['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{} ['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2, no.&nbsp;$3', -- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization) ['issue'] = '$1 No.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['j-vol'] = '$1 $2', -- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{} ['j-issue'] = ' ($1)', ['nopp'] = '$1 $2'; -- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc ['p-prefix'] = "$1 p.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['pp-prefix'] = "$1 pp.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['j-page(s)'] = ': $1', -- same for page and pages ['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&nbsp;$1', ['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&nbsp;$1', ['language'] = '(in $1)', ['via'] = " &ndash; via $1", ['event'] = 'Event occurs at', ['minutes'] = 'minutes in', -- Determines the location of the help page ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors', ['help page label'] = 'help', -- categories ['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]', -- $1 is the category name [':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]', -- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad) ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition', ['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ', -- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{} ['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ', -- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{} ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable', ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty', ['warning_msg_e'] = '<span style="color:#d33">One or more <code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code> templates have errors</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link ['warning_msg_m'] = '<span style="color:#3a3">One or more <code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code> templates have maintenance messages</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link } --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P >------------------------------------------ this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name. |CitationClass= values are used as class attributes in the <cite> tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while the canonical template name may. These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the template's documentation when an article is displayed in preivew mode. Most cs1|2 template |CitationClass= values at en.wiki match their canonical template names so are not listed here. ]] local citation_class_map_t = { -- TODO: if kept, these and all other config.CitationClass 'names' require some sort of i18n ['audio-visual'] = 'AV media', -- TODO: move to ~/Configuration ['AV-media-notes'] = 'AV media notes', ['encyclopaedia'] = 'encyclopedia', ['mailinglist'] = 'mailing list', ['pressrelease'] = 'press release' } --[=[-------------------------< E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S >-------------------------------------------------- This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase "et al" and variants in name text (author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message. ]=] local et_al_patterns = { "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et al' theme "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match) "[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers", -- an alternative to et al. "%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]", -- a wikilinked form "%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)", -- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax) "[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]", -- a bracketed form } --[[--------------------------< P R E S E N T A T I O N >------------------------ Fixed presentation markup. Originally part of citation_config.messages it has been moved into its own, more semantically correct place. ]] local presentation = { -- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display ['hidden-error'] = '<span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['visible-error'] = '<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['hidden-maint'] = '<span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">$1</span>', ['accessdate'] = '<span class="reference-accessdate">$1$2</span>', -- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS ['bdi'] = '<bdi$1>$2</bdi>', -- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like ['cite'] = '<cite class="$1">$2</cite>'; -- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id="..." attribute ['cite-id'] = '<cite id="$1" class="$2">$3</cite>'; -- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist ['format'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">($1)</span>', -- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. -- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ... -- narrow no-break space &#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support? ['ext-link-access-signal'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', -- external link with appropriate lock icon ['free'] = {class='cs1-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'}, -- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css ['registration'] = {class='cs1-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'}, ['limited'] = {class='cs1-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'}, ['subscription'] = {class='cs1-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'}, ['interwiki-icon'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', ['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon', ['italic-title'] = "''$1''", ['kern-left'] = '<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>$1', -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark ['kern-right'] = '$1<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>', -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark ['nowrap1'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span>', -- for nowrapping an item: <span ...>yyyy-mm-dd</span> ['nowrap2'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span> $2', -- for nowrapping portions of an item: <span ...>dd mmmm</span> yyyy (note white space) ['ocins'] = '<span title="$1" class="Z3988"></span>', ['parameter'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', ['ps_cs1'] = '.'; -- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character ['ps_cs2'] = ''; -- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string) ['quoted-text'] = '<q>$1</q>', -- for wrapping |quote= content ['quoted-title'] = '"$1"', ['sep_cs1'] = '.', -- CS1 element separator ['sep_cs2'] = ',', -- CS2 separator ['sep_nl'] = ';', -- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon ['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items ['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names ['sep_name'] = ', ', -- CS1|2 style last/first separator is <comma><space> ['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',', -- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma ['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ', -- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space ['sep_list'] = ', ', -- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end ['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ', -- used for |language= when list has 2 items ['sep_list_end'] = ', and ', -- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items ['trans-italic-title'] = "&#91;''$1''&#93;", ['trans-quoted-title'] = "&#91;$1&#93;", -- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote= ['vol-bold'] = '$1 <b>$2</b>', -- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{} } --[[--------------------------< A L I A S E S >--------------------------------- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters. Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names ]] local aliases = { ['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Agency'] = 'agency', ['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format', ['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld', ['At'] = 'at', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'credits'}, ['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'}, ['Cartography'] = 'cartography', ['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'}, ['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format', 'article-format', 'section-format'}; ['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url', 'chapterurl'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access', 'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Class'] = 'class', -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier ['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration', ['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'}, ['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format', ['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'}, -- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only ['Degree'] = 'degree', ['DF'] = 'df', ['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'}, ['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors', ['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors', ['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers', ['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators', ['Docket'] = 'docket', ['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date', ['Edition'] = 'edition', ['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date', ['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['Episode'] = 'episode', -- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode? ['Format'] = 'format', ['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'}, ['Inset'] = 'inset', ['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'}, ['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'}, ['LayDate'] = 'lay-date', ['LayFormat'] = 'lay-format', ['LaySource'] = 'lay-source', ['LayURL'] = 'lay-url', ['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'}, -- cite mailing list only ['Map'] = 'map', -- cite map only ['MapFormat'] = 'map-format', -- cite map only ['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'}, -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access', -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Minutes'] = 'minutes', ['Mode'] = 'mode', ['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style', ['Network'] = 'network', ['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup', -- cite newsgroup only ['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'}, ['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'}, ['Number'] = 'number', -- this case only for cite techreport ['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'}, ['Others'] = 'others', ['Page'] = {'page', 'p'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'}, ['Place'] = {'place', 'location'}, ['PostScript'] = 'postscript', ['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'}, ['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'}, ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'}, ['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'}, ['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page', ['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages', ['Ref'] = 'ref', ['Scale'] = 'scale', ['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry', 'script-article', 'script-section'}, ['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map', ['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'}, ['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote', ['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Season'] = 'season', ['Sections'] = 'sections', -- cite map only ['Series'] = {'series', 'version'}, ['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'}, ['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'}, ['Sheet'] = 'sheet', -- cite map only ['Sheets'] = 'sheets', -- cite map only ['Station'] = 'station', ['Time'] = 'time', ['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption', ['Title'] = 'title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleNote'] = 'department', ['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'}, ['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution', 'trans-entry', 'trans-section'}, ['Transcript'] = 'transcript', ['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format', ['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TransMap'] = 'trans-map', -- cite map only ['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper', 'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'}, ['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote', ['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors', ['Veditors'] = 'veditors', ['Via'] = 'via', ['Volume'] = 'volume', ['Year'] = 'year', ['AuthorList-First'] = {"first#", "author-first#", "author#-first", "given#", "author-given#", "author#-given"}, ['AuthorList-Last'] = {"last#", "author-last#", "author#-last", "surname#", "author-surname#", "author#-surname", "author#", "subject#", 'host#'}, ['AuthorList-Link'] = {"author-link#", "author#-link", "subject-link#", "subject#-link", "authorlink#", "author#link"}, ['AuthorList-Mask'] = {"author-mask#", "author#-mask", "subject-mask#", "subject#-mask"}, ['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first', 'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'}, ['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last', 'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'}, ['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'}, ['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'}, ['EditorList-First'] = {"editor-first#", "editor#-first", "editor-given#", "editor#-given"}, ['EditorList-Last'] = {"editor-last#", "editor#-last", "editor-surname#", "editor#-surname", "editor#"}, ['EditorList-Link'] = {"editor-link#", "editor#-link"}, ['EditorList-Mask'] = {"editor-mask#", "editor#-mask"}, ['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first', 'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'}, ['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last', 'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'}, ['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'}, ['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'}, ['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first', 'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'}, ['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last', 'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'}, ['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'}, ['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'}, } --[[--------------------------< P U N C T _ S K I P >--------------------------- builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check. ]] local punct_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap', 'TransTitle', -- title-holding parameters 'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask', -- name-list mask may have name separators 'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref', -- miscellaneous 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- URL-holding parameters } local url_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- parameters allowed to hold urls 'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages', -- insource locators allowed to hold urls } local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params) for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do -- for each meta parameter key local params = aliases[meta_param]; -- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name if 'string' == type (params) then skip_t[params] = 1; -- just a single parameter else for _, param in ipairs (params) do -- get the parameter name skip_t[param] = 1; -- add the parameter name to the skip table local count; param, count = param:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters if 0 ~= count then -- if removed skip_t[param] = 1; -- add param name without enumerator marker end end end end return skip_t; end local punct_skip = {}; local url_skip = {}; --[[-----------< S P E C I A L C A S E T R A N S L A T I O N S >------------ This table is primarily here to support internationalization. Translations in this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc., is extracted from the English alias key. There may be other cases where this translation table may be useful. ]] local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143'; local special_case_translation = { ['AuthorList'] = 'authors list', -- used to assemble maintenance category names ['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list', -- translation of these names plus translation of the base mainenance category names in maint_cats{} table below ['EditorList'] = 'editors list', -- must match the names of the actual categories ['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list', -- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names() ['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list', -- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value ['archived_copy'] = { -- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title ['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$', -- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki ['local'] = nil, -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language }, -- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language -- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches ['generic_titles'] = { ['accept'] = { }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'are you a robot', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'hugedomains.com', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?no +title[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'page not found', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?unknown[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'website is for sale', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^404', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'log into facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'login • instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'redirecting...', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'usurped title', true}, ['local'] = nil}, -- added by a GreenC bot {['en'] = {'webcite query result', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } }, -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only -- boolean 'false' for pattern searches -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language ['generic_names'] = { ['accept'] = { {['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'about us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'collaborator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contributor', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contact us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'directory', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a]]Ee]mail%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'google', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'home page', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'interviewer', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'linkedIn', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'pinterest', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'policy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'privacy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'translator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'tumblr', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'twitter', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'site name', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'statement', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'submitted', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'super.?user', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'verfasser', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } } } --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E S >---------------------------------------------------------- This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names. The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names. If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table. Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used. In these tables, season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2, Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while. local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean. When set to: true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short'] false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki Caveat lector: There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names. At your wiki you can test the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted): =mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local']) While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names from MediaWiki. Those must be translated manually. ]] local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true; -- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short'] -- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki local date_names = { ['en'] = { -- English ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, -- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false ['local'] = { -- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, ['inv_local_long'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_short'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_quarter'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_season'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_named'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'}, -- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9 ['xlate_digits'] = {}, } if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then -- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled local long_t = {}; local short_t = {}; for i=1, 12 do -- loop 12x and local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get long month name for each i long_t[name] = i; -- save it name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get short month name for each i short_t[name] = i; -- save it end date_names['local']['long'] = long_t; -- write the long table – overwrites manual translation date_names['local']['short'] = short_t; -- write the short table – overwrites manual translation end -- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do -- this table is ['name'] = i date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name; -- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd end end for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do -- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld; -- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value end local df_template_patterns = { -- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}} '{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]', -- 1159k -- sorted by approximate transclusion count '{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]', -- 212k '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]', -- 788 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]', -- 343 '{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]', -- 176 '{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]', -- 156 + 18 '{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]', -- 149 + 11 '{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]', -- 56 '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]', -- 5 '{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]', -- 3 '{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]', -- 1 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]', -- 0 '{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]', -- 0 } local function get_date_format () local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); if title_object.namespace == 10 then -- not in template space so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; return nil; -- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df end local content = title_object:getContent() or ''; -- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625 for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do -- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects local start, _, match = content:find(pattern); -- match is the three letters indicating desired date format if match then content = content:match ('%b{}', start); -- get the whole template if content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then -- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length return match:lower() .. '-' .. content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)'); else return match:lower() .. '-all'; -- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df= end end end end local global_df; --[[-----------------< V O L U M E , I S S U E , P A G E S >------------------ These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support |volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters. Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which is handled in the main module. ]] local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'} local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'} local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'} --[[ These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=. The parameter names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1 templates. For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must not support |volume=. ]] local citation_no_volume_t = { -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used 'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website', } local citation_issue_t = { -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used 'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work', 'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work', } --[[ Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages= ]] local vol_iss_pg_patterns = { good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]', -- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not bad_ppatterns = { -- patterns for |page= and |pages= '^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]', '^[Pp][Pp]?%.&nbsp;', -- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates '^[Pp]ages?', '^[Pp]gs.?', }, vpatterns = { -- patterns for |volume= '^volumes?', '^vols?[%.:=]?' }, ipatterns = { -- patterns for |issue= '^issues?', '^iss[%.:=]?', '^numbers?', '^nos?%A', -- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus' '^nr[%.:=]?', '^n[%.:= ]' -- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here) } } --[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S >------------------------------- These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords. ]] --[[-------------------< K E Y W O R D S T A B L E >-------------------------- this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of synonymous keywords possibly from different languages. for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key. For example, adding the German keyword 'ja': ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'}, Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis, it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables. ]] local keywords = { ['amp'] = {'&', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, -- |name-list-style= ['and'] = {'and', 'serial'}, -- |name-list-style= ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['afterword'] = {'afterword'}, -- |contribution= ['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['cs1'] = {'cs1'}, -- |mode= ['cs2'] = {'cs2'}, -- |mode= ['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['dmy'] = {'dmy'}, -- |df= ['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'}, -- |df= ['foreword'] = {'foreword'}, -- |contribution= ['free'] = {'free'}, -- |<id>-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['harv'] = {'harv'}, -- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with <invert> = true ['introduction'] = {'introduction'}, -- |contribution= ['limited'] = {'limited'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['live'] = {'live'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['mdy'] = {'mdy'}, -- |df= ['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'}, -- |df= ['none'] = {'none'}, -- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['off'] = {'off'}, -- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=) ['preface'] = {'preface'}, -- |contribution= ['registration'] = {'registration'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['subscription'] = {'subscription'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['unfit'] = {'unfit'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['usurped'] = {'usurped'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['vanc'] = {'vanc'}, -- |name-list-style= ['ymd'] = {'ymd'}, -- |df= ['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'}, -- |df= -- ['yMd'] = {'yMd'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki } --[[------------------------< X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S >--------------------- this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{} become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}: ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- in keywords{} becomes ['yes'] = 'affirmative', -- in keywords_xlate{} ['true'] = 'affirmative', ['y'] = 'affirmative', the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent that may be used in other modules of this suite ]] local function xlate_keywords () local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do -- spin through the keywords table for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do -- for each keyword out_table[keyword] = k; -- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key end end return out_table; end local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords (); -- the list of translated keywords --[[----------------< M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T >--------------------- this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter. keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{} ]] local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists) local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do -- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do -- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ... table.insert (out_table, keyword); -- ... as plain text, to the output list end end return out_table; end --[[----------------< K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S >----------------------------- this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key]. Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters: ['yes_true_y'], ['id-access']. The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the appropriate list in keywords{}. The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the parameters named in this table's keys. ]] local keywords_lists = { ['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}), ['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}), ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}), -- ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}), -- not supported at en.wiki ['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}), ['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}), ['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}), -- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported ['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}), ['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}), ['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}), } --[[---------------------< S T R I P M A R K E R S >---------------------------- Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form. ]] local stripmarkers = { ['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127', -- capture returns name of stripmarker ['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127' -- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker() } --[[------------< I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S >--------------------- This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes. The table is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table data in an arbitrary order. Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified by the entries at the bottom of the table. Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the delete characters. The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's metadata before stripmarker replacement. ]] local invisible_defs = { del = '\127', -- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char zwj = '\226\128\141', -- used with capture because zwj may be allowed } local invisible_chars = { {'replacement', '\239\191\189'}, -- U+FFFD, EF BF BD {'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'}, -- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed {'zero width space', '\226\128\139'}, -- U+200B, E2 80 8B {'hair space', '\226\128\138'}, -- U+200A, E2 80 8A {'soft hyphen', '\194\173'}, -- U+00AD, C2 AD {'horizontal tab', '\009'}, -- U+0009 (HT), 09 {'line feed', '\010'}, -- U+000A (LF), 0A {'no-break space', '\194\160'}, -- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0 {'carriage return', '\013'}, -- U+000D (CR), 0D {'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any}, -- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type {'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'}, -- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker {'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'}, -- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D)) {'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'}, -- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F -- {'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'}, -- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF -- {'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'}, -- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'}, -- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'}, -- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD } --[[ Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj characters must be left in. This pattern covers all of the unicode characters for these languages: Devanagari 0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf Devanagari extended A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf Bengali 0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf Gurmukhi 0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf Gujarati 0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf Oriya 0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf Tamil 0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf Telugu 0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf Kannada 0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf Malayalam 0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese: Sinhala 0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf Myanmar 1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf Myanmar extended A AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf Myanmar extended B A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup() ]] local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]'; -- list of emoji that use zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji local emoji = { -- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx [127752] = true, -- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow [127806] = true, -- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice [127859] = true, -- U+1F373 🍳 cooking [127891] = true, -- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap [127908] = true, -- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone [127912] = true, -- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette [127979] = true, -- U+1F3EB 🏫 school [127981] = true, -- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory [128102] = true, -- U+1F466 👦 boy [128103] = true, -- U+1F467 👧 girl [128104] = true, -- U+1F468 👨 man [128105] = true, -- U+1F469 👩 woman [128139] = true, -- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark [128187] = true, -- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer [128188] = true, -- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case [128295] = true, -- U+1F527 🔧 wrench [128300] = true, -- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope [128488] = true, -- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble [128640] = true, -- U+1F680 🚀 rocket [128658] = true, -- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine [129309] = true, -- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake [129455] = true, -- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane [129456] = true, -- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair [129457] = true, -- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair [129458] = true, -- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald [129459] = true, -- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair [129466] = true, -- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest [129468] = true, -- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair [129469] = true, -- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair [129489] = true, -- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult [9760] = true, -- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones [9792] = true, -- U+2640 ♀ female sign [9794] = true, -- U+2642 ♂ male sign [9877] = true, -- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius [9878] = true, -- U+2696 ⚖ scales [9992] = true, -- U+2708 ✈ airplane [10084] = true, -- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart } --[[----------------------< L A N G U A G E S U P P O R T >------------------- These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality. ]] --local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{int:lang}}'); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead end local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all'); -- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests local mw_languages_by_name_t = {}; for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do -- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language= v = mw.ustring.lower (v); -- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[<tag>] if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then -- when name already in the table if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then -- if tag does not have subtags mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- prefer the shortest tag for this name end else -- here when name not in the table mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- so add name and matching tag end end local inter_wiki_map = {}; -- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do -- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local) if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v["prefix"]] then -- if the prefix matches a known language tag inter_wiki_map[v["prefix"]] = true; -- add it to our local map end end --[[--------------------< S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S >------------------- This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter= ]] local script_lang_codes = { 'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc', 'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi', 'yue', 'zh' }; --[[---------------< L A N G U A G E R E M A P P I N G >---------------------- These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions For each ['code'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', 'code'} in lang_name_remap{} lang_code_remap{}: key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language code or a valid lowercase IETF language tag value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with key only one language name per key; key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{} lang_name_remap{}: key is always lowercase language name value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated code [2] (code must match a code key in lang_code_remap{}) may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and code; For example: ['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh' ]] local lang_code_remap = { -- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter= ['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian', -- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch ['bh'] = 'Bihari', -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bla'] = 'Blackfoot', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['bn'] = 'Bengali', -- MediaWiki returns Bangla ['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian', -- IETF variant of Catalan ['ilo'] = 'Ilocano', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['ksh'] = 'Kölsch', -- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien', -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name } local lang_name_remap = { -- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase ['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, -- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org ['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap ['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code ['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'}, -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found ['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'}, -- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh ['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö) ['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'}, -- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639 ['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'}, -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese ['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found ['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca'}, -- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Catalan } --[[---------------< P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S >---------------- Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations. ]] local prop_cats = { ['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code ['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1', -- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key ['jul-greg-uncertainty'] = 'CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of template with dates 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926 ['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false ['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test', ['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 charachters ['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)', -- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code ['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1', -- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name ['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form } --[[-------------------< T I T L E _ T Y P E S >-------------------------------- Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter) ]] local title_types = { ['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes', ['interview'] = 'Interview', ['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list', ['map'] = 'Map', ['podcast'] = 'Podcast', ['pressrelease'] = 'Press release', ['report'] = 'Report', ['speech'] = 'Speech', ['techreport'] = 'Technical report', ['thesis'] = 'Thesis', } --[[===================<< E R R O R M E S S A G I N G >>====================== ]] --[[----------< E R R O R M E S S A G E S U P P L I M E N T S >------------- I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that describes the reason for the error TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}? ]] local err_msg_supl = { ['char'] = 'invalid character', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['check'] = 'checksum', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['flag'] = 'flag', -- |archive-url= ['form'] = 'invalid form', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['group'] = 'invalid group id', -- |isbn= ['initials'] = 'initials', -- Vancouver ['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code', -- |script-<param>= ['journal'] = 'journal', -- |bibcode= ['length'] = 'length', -- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn= ['liveweb'] = 'liveweb', -- |archive-url= ['missing comma'] = 'missing comma', -- Vancouver ['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix', -- |script-<param>= ['missing title part'] = 'missing title part', -- |script-<param>= ['name'] = 'name', -- Vancouver ['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character', -- Vancouver ['path'] = 'path', -- |archive-url= ['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix', -- |isbn= ['punctuation'] = 'punctuation', -- Vancouver ['save'] = 'save command', -- |archive-url= ['suffix'] = 'suffix', -- Vancouver ['timestamp'] = 'timestamp', -- |archive-url= ['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code', -- |script-<param>= ['value'] = 'value', -- |bibcode= ['year'] = 'year', -- |bibcode= } --[[--------------< E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S >--------------------------- Error condition table. This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance at the bottom. Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil) The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code. For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment. Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error and maint tables inside that? ]] local error_conditions = { err_accessdate_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL', hidden = false }, err_apostrophe_markup = { message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'apostrophe_markup', category = 'CS1 errors: markup', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_date = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_date', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> is malformed: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'archive_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_arxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'arxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', -- same as bad arxiv hidden = false }, err_asintld_missing_asin = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin', category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_arxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_arxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin_tld = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin-tld=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin_tld', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_bibcode = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;bibcode=</code> $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_bibcode', category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode', hidden = false }, err_bad_biorxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_biorxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_citeseerx = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_citeseerx', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', hidden = false }, err_bad_date = { message = 'Check date values in: $1', -- $1 is a parameter name list anchor = 'bad_date', category = 'CS1 errors: dates', hidden = false }, err_bad_doi = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_bad_hdl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;hdl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_hdl', category = 'CS1 errors: HDL', hidden = false }, err_bad_isbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;isbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_isbn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ismn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ismn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ismn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN', hidden = false }, err_bad_issn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1issn=</code> value', -- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn anchor = 'bad_issn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN', hidden = false }, err_bad_jfm = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jfm=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jfm', category = 'CS1 errors: JFM', hidden = false }, err_bad_jstor = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jstor=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jstor', category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR', hidden = false }, err_bad_lccn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;lccn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_lccn', category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN', hidden = false }, err_bad_mr = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;mr=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_mr', category = 'CS1 errors: MR', hidden = false }, err_bad_oclc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;oclc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_oclc', category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC', hidden = false }, err_bad_ol = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ol=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ol', category = 'CS1 errors: OL', hidden = false }, err_bad_osti = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;osti=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_osti', category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI', hidden = false }, err_bad_paramlink = { -- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link= message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_paramlink', category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmid', category = 'CS1 errors: PMID', hidden = false }, err_bad_rfc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;rfc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_rfc', category = 'CS1 errors: RFC', hidden = false }, err_bad_s2cid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;s2cid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_s2cid', category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID', hidden = false }, err_bad_sbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;sbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_sbn', category = 'CS1 errors: SBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ssrn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ssrn', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', hidden = false }, err_bad_url = { message = 'Check $1 value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL', hidden = false }, err_bad_usenet_id = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;message-id=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_message_id', category = 'CS1 errors: message-id', hidden = false }, err_bad_zbl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;zbl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_zbl', category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl', hidden = false }, err_bare_url_missing_title = { message = '$1 missing title', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL', hidden = false }, err_biorxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'biorxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', -- same as bad bioRxiv hidden = false }, err_chapter_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'chapter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored', hidden = false }, err_citation_missing_title = { message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'citation_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: missing title', hidden = false }, err_citeseerx_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> required', anchor = 'citeseerx_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', -- same as bad citeseerx hidden = false }, err_cite_web_url = { -- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'cite_web_url', category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL', hidden = false }, err_class_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;class=</code> ignored', anchor = 'class_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: class', hidden = false }, err_contributor_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> ignored', anchor = 'contributor_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_contributor_missing_required_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_deprecated_params = { message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'deprecated_params', category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters', hidden = false }, err_disp_name = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value anchor = 'disp_name', category = 'CS1 errors: display-names', hidden = false, }, err_doibroken_missing_doi = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_embargo_missing_pmc = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo', hidden = false }, err_empty_citation = { message = 'Empty citation', anchor = 'empty_citation', category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation', hidden = false }, err_etal = { message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'explicit_et_al', category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.', hidden = false }, err_extra_text_edition = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;edition=</code> has extra text', anchor = 'extra_text_edition', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_issue = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_issue', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_pages = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_pages', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_volume = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_volume', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume', hidden = true, }, err_first_missing_last = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias anchor = 'first_missing_last', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_format_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter anchor = 'format_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL', hidden = false }, err_generic_name = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has generic name', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'generic_name', category = 'CS1 errors: generic name', hidden = false, }, err_generic_title = { message = 'Cite uses generic title', anchor = 'generic_title', category = 'CS1 errors: generic title', hidden = false, }, err_invalid_param_val = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value anchor = 'invalid_param_val', category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value', hidden = false }, err_invisible_char = { message = '$1 in $2 at position $3', -- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number anchor = 'invisible_char', category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters', hidden = false }, err_missing_name = { message = 'Missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1$2=</code>', -- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator anchor = 'missing_name', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_missing_periodical = { message = 'Cite $1 requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1 anchor = 'missing_periodical', category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical', hidden = true }, err_missing_pipe = { message = 'Missing pipe in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'missing_pipe', category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe', hidden = false }, err_param_access_requires_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1-access=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_access_requires_param', category = 'CS1 errors: param-access', hidden = false }, err_param_has_ext_link = { message = 'External link in <code class="cs1-code">$1</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_has_ext_link', category = 'CS1 errors: external links', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored_suggest = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> suggested)', -- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_redundant_parameters = { message = 'More than one of $1 specified', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'redundant_parameters', category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter', hidden = false }, err_script_parameter = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>: $2', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail anchor = 'script_parameter', category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters', hidden = false }, err_ssrn_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> required', anchor = 'ssrn_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', -- same as bad arxiv hidden = false }, err_text_ignored = { message = 'Text "$1" ignored', -- $1 is ignored text anchor = 'text_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter', hidden = false }, err_trans_missing_title = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;trans-$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> or <code class="cs1-code">&#124;script-$1=</code>', -- $1 is base parameter name anchor = 'trans_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: translated title', hidden = false }, err_param_unknown_empty = { message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2', -- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list anchor = 'param_unknown_empty', category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters', hidden = false }, err_vancouver = { message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2', -- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name anchor = 'vancouver', category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style', hidden = false }, err_wikilink_in_url = { message = 'URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash anchor = 'wikilink_in_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash hidden = false }, --[[--------------------------< M A I N T >------------------------------------- maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure is the same as error messages ]] maint_archived_copy = { message = nil, anchor = 'archived_copy', category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title', hidden = true, }, maint_authors = { message = nil, anchor = 'authors', category = 'CS1 maint: uses authors parameter', hidden = true, }, maint_bot_unknown = { message = nil, anchor = 'bot:_unknown', category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown', hidden = true, }, maint_date_auto_xlated = { -- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki message = nil, anchor = 'date_auto_xlated', category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated', hidden = true, }, maint_date_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_format', category = 'CS1 maint: date format', hidden = true, }, maint_date_year = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_year', category = 'CS1 maint: date and year', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_ignore', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive_dated = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1', -- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string hidden = true, }, maint_extra_punct = { message = nil, anchor = 'extra_punct', category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation', hidden = true, }, maint_isbn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_issn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_issn', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_jfm_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'jfm_format', category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format', hidden = true, }, maint_location = { message = nil, anchor = 'location', category = 'CS1 maint: location', hidden = true, }, maint_mr_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'mr_format', category = 'CS1 maint: MR format', hidden = true, }, maint_mult_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'mult_names', category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_numeric_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'numeric_names', category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_others = { message = nil, anchor = 'others', category = 'CS1 maint: others', hidden = true, }, maint_others_avm = { message = nil, anchor = 'others_avm', category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_embargo = { message = nil, anchor = 'embargo', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'pmc_format', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format', hidden = true, }, maint_postscript = { message = nil, anchor = 'postscript', category = 'CS1 maint: postscript', hidden = true, }, maint_ref_duplicates_default = { message = nil, anchor = 'ref_default', category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default', hidden = true, }, maint_unfit = { message = nil, anchor = 'unfit', category = 'CS1 maint: unfit URL', hidden = true, }, maint_unknown_lang = { message = nil, anchor = 'unknown_lang', category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language', hidden = true, }, maint_untitled = { message = nil, anchor = 'untitled', category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical', hidden = true, }, maint_url_status = { message = nil, anchor = 'url_status', category = 'CS1 maint: url-status', hidden = true, }, maint_zbl = { message = nil, anchor = 'zbl', category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl', hidden = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< I D _ H A N D L E R S >-------------------------------------------------------- The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers. For each identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the identifier in the citation. parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form link: Wikipedia article name redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name; at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number' q: Wikidata q number for the identifier label: the label preceeding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order): redirect from id_handlers['<id>'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['<id>'].q local article name from id_handlers['<id>'].link prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS: for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here) set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier. the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file). custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access') ]] local id_handlers = { ['ARXIV'] = { parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'}, link = 'arXiv', redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)', q = 'Q118398', label = 'arXiv', prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', -- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04 encode = false, COinS = 'info:arxiv', separator = ':', access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['ASIN'] = { parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' }, link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number', redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)', q = 'Q1753278', label = 'ASIN', prefix = '//www.amazon.', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = false; }, ['BIBCODE'] = { parameters = {'bibcode'}, link = 'Bibcode', redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)', q = 'Q25754', label = 'Bibcode', prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:bibcode', separator = ':', custom_access = 'bibcode-access', }, ['BIORXIV'] = { parameters = {'biorxiv'}, link = 'bioRxiv', redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)', q = 'Q19835482', label = 'bioRxiv', prefix = '//doi.org/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['CITESEERX'] = { parameters = {'citeseerx'}, link = 'CiteSeerX', redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)', q = 'Q2715061', label = 'CiteSeerX', prefix = '//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['DOI'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'}, link = 'Digital object identifier', redirect = 'doi (identifier)', q = 'Q25670', label = 'doi', prefix = '//doi.org/', COinS = 'info:doi', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'doi-access', }, ['EISSN'] = { parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN', redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q46339674', label = 'eISSN', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.eissn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['HDL'] = { parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' }, link = 'Handle System', redirect = 'hdl (identifier)', q = 'Q3126718', label = 'hdl', prefix = '//hdl.handle.net/', COinS = 'info:hdl', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'hdl-access', }, ['ISBN'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'}, link = 'International Standard Book Number', redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)', q = 'Q33057', label = 'ISBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/', COinS = 'rft.isbn', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISMN'] = { parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'}, link = 'International Standard Music Number', redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)', q = 'Q1666938', label = 'ISMN', prefix = '', -- not currently used; COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISSN'] = { parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number', redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q131276', label = 'ISSN', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.issn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JFM'] = { parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik', redirect = 'JFM (identifier)', q = '', label = 'JFM', prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JSTOR'] = { parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, link = 'JSTOR', redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)', q = 'Q1420342', label = 'JSTOR', prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', -- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', custom_access = 'jstor-access', }, ['LCCN'] = { parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'}, link = 'Library of Congress Control Number', redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)', q = 'Q620946', label = 'LCCN', prefix = '//lccn.loc.gov/', -- protocol-relative tested 2015-12-28 COinS = 'info:lccn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MR'] = { parameters = {'mr', 'MR'}, link = 'Mathematical Reviews', redirect = 'MR (identifier)', q = 'Q211172', label = 'MR', prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', -- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OCLC'] = { parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'}, link = 'OCLC', redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)', q = 'Q190593', label = 'OCLC', prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/', COinS = 'info:oclcnum', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 9999999999, -- 10-digits }, ['OL'] = { parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' }, link = 'Open Library', redirect = 'OL (identifier)', q = 'Q1201876', label = 'OL', prefix = '//openlibrary.org/', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = true, custom_access = 'ol-access', }, ['OSTI'] = { parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'}, link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)', q = 'Q2015776', label = 'OSTI', prefix = '//www.osti.gov/biblio/', -- protocol-relative tested 2018-09-12 COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 23000000, custom_access = 'osti-access', }, ['PMC'] = { parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'}, link = 'PubMed Central', redirect = 'PMC (identifier)', q = 'Q229883', label = 'PMC', prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', suffix = '', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 9300000, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['PMID'] = { parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'}, link = 'PubMed Identifier', redirect = 'PMID (identifier)', q = 'Q2082879', label = 'PMID', prefix = '//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/', COinS = 'info:pmid', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 35900000, }, ['RFC'] = { parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'}, link = 'Request for Comments', redirect = 'RFC (identifier)', q = 'Q212971', label = 'RFC', prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 9300, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['SBN'] = { parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'}, link = 'Standard Book Number', -- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History redirect = 'SBN (identifier)', label = 'SBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-', -- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['SSRN'] = { parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'}, link = 'Social Science Research Network', redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)', q = 'Q7550801', label = 'SSRN', prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', -- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04 COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 4100000, custom_access = 'ssrn-access', }, ['S2CID'] = { parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'}, link = 'Semantic Scholar', redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)', q = 'Q22908627', label = 'S2CID', prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = 250000000, custom_access = 's2cid-access', }, ['USENETID'] = { parameters = {'message-id'}, link = 'Usenet', redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)', q = 'Q193162', label = 'Usenet:', prefix = 'news:', encode = false, COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ZBL'] = { parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' }, link = 'Zentralblatt MATH', redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)', q = 'Q190269', label = 'Zbl', prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >--------------------------------- ]] return { use_identifier_redirects = true, -- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki local_lang_cat_enable = false; -- when true categorizes pages where |language=<local wiki's language>; always false at en.wiki date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki global_df = get_date_format (), -- tables and variables created when this module is loaded punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params), url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params), aliases = aliases, special_case_translation = special_case_translation, date_names = date_names, err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl, error_conditions = error_conditions, editor_markup_patterns = editor_markup_patterns, et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns, id_handlers = id_handlers, keywords_lists = keywords_lists, keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate, stripmarkers=stripmarkers, invisible_chars = invisible_chars, invisible_defs = invisible_defs, indic_script = indic_script, emoji = emoji, maint_cats = maint_cats, messages = messages, presentation = presentation, prop_cats = prop_cats, script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes, lang_code_remap = lang_code_remap, lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap, this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code, title_types = title_types, uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces, uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages, templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume, templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue, templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page, vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns, inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map, mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t, mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t, citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t, citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t, citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t, } sn1amoj32v8e9fm1jrf860418jm1dim 828 11852 84945 2022-05-20T06:04:29Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|header}} This configuration file contains various data that controls the functioning of [[Module:Citation/CS1]] and hence the way that Lua-based citations are generated. It has several sections among which are: # translation tables that contain most of the literal strings that may be included in Lua-based citation. If editors are copying this Module to another wiki using a language other than English, then they should translate each of these values into that language. # a list of error conditions specifying what text to display, what category to include (if any), and what help page section to refer to when errors are detected # a list of ID handlers specifying the recognized document IDs, such as ISBN, DOI, etc., and how to format them. {{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|module_components_table}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly> biogwubrb1rjghyggmlzlh42u2bp8dy 828 11853 84946 2022-05-20T06:04:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Citation/CS1/doc wikitext text/x-wiki <section begin=header /> {{sandbox other|| {{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}} |Module:Citation/CS1={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/COinS={{high-risk |article-space=yes}} |Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions={{high-use |article-space=yes}} }} {{Module rating|p}}}}<!-- if pagename does not contain sandbox --> <section end=header /> This module and associated sub-modules support the {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} citation templates. In general, it is not intended to be called directly, but is called by one of the core CS1 and CS2 templates. <section begin=module_components_table /> These files comprise the module support for CS1|2 citation templates: {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+CS1 {{pipe}} CS2 modules |- !colspan="2"|live!!colspan="2"|sandbox!!diff!!description |- | rowspan="8"| [[File:Full-protection-shackle.svg|20px|alt=Gold padlock|link=|sysop]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| Rendering and support functions |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FConfiguration&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FConfiguration%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| Translation tables; error and identifier handlers |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FWhitelist&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FWhitelist%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| List of active and deprecated CS1{{pipe}}2 parameters |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FDate+validation&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FDate+validation%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff] || Date format validation functions |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FIdentifiers&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FIdentifiers%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| Functions that support the named identifiers (ISBN, DOI, PMID, etc.) |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FUtilities&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FUtilities%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| Common functions and tables |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/COinS]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FCOinS&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FCOinS%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| Functions that render a CS1{{pipe}}2 template's metadata |- | [[Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2Fstyles.css&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2Fsandbox%2Fstyles.css&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| [[CSS]] styles applied to the CS1{{pipe}}2 templates |- | [[File:Template-protection-shackle.svg|20px|alt=Silver padlock|link=|auto confirmed]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox&action=edit|name=[edit<nowiki>]</nowiki>}} ||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ComparePages?page1=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FSuggestions&rev1=&page2=Module%3ACitation%2FCS1%2FSuggestions%2Fsandbox&rev2=&action=&diffonly=&unhide= diff]|| List that maps common erroneous parameter names to valid parameter names |} <section end=module_components_table /> Other documentation: * [[Module talk:Citation/CS1/Feature requests]] * [[Module talk:Citation/CS1/COinS]] * [[Module:Cs1 documentation support]] – a set of functions (some experimental) that extract information from the module suite for the purpose of documenting CS1|2 ** [[Module:Citation/CS1/doc/Category list]] – lists of category names taken directly from [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] and [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox]] testcases *[[Module:Citation/CS1/testcases]] ([[Module talk:Citation/CS1/testcases|run]]) *[[Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/errors]] ([[Module talk:Citation/CS1/testcases/errors|run]]) – error and maintenance messaging *[[Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/dates]] ([[Module talk:Citation/CS1/testcases/dates|run]]) – date validation *[[Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/identifiers]] ([[Module talk:Citation/CS1/testcases/identifiers|run]]) – identifiers *[[Module:Citation/CS1/testcases/anchor]] ([[Module talk:Citation/CS1/testcases/anchor|run]]) – CITEREF anchors <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]] {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Identifiers|[[Category:Modules using data from Wikidata]]}} }}</includeonly> 90o000qa68o1e8pjfwsvpqxp44snxtg 10 11854 84947 2022-05-20T06:05:24Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pipe wikitext text/x-wiki &#124;<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> kmi2ihjyu3iil3vg34b15lfs08flqjm 10 11855 84948 2022-05-20T06:05:37Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Pipe/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This is the {{tl|pipe}} meta-template. It looks like this: {{pipe}} This template should be used if you want to ''see'' a vertical bar character as part of the final article. To simply delay the interpretation of a vertical bar as wikitext, use {{tn|!}}. This template uses the {{mono|<nowiki>&amp;#124;</nowiki>}} [[List of XML and HTML character entity references|decimal code]] for the [[vertical bar]] (or pipe character) so that its usage doesn't cause problems when it is used inside a [[Help:Template|template]]. This situation most commonly arises when the title of a cited reference contains a pipe character instead of a hyphen or dash (e.g. [http://www.xbox.com/ Xbox.com {{pipe}} Xbox.com Home]). <code>{{tl|Pipe}}</code> is easier to remember and clearer than an unadorned {{mono|<nowiki>&amp;#124;</nowiki>}}. Please do not use the Unicode {{mono|<nowiki>&amp;#448;</nowiki>}} (which produces &#448;) since that does not work in all web browsers. It is also slightly smaller than &#124;. === Alternative names === The following names redirect here and can be used as alternative names for this template: * {{tl|vbar}} * {{tl|verti-bar}} * {{tl|vertical bar}} * {{tl|vertical line}} * {{tl|vertical slash}} === See also === {{escape template list}} * {{tn|'}} - Used to encode apostrophe to keep it separate from <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code> markup. <includeonly>{{Sandbox other||<!-- CATEGORIES HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Character templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}</includeonly> ka5njhwap2dhdnnzhut830ywyql36d2 10 11856 84949 2022-05-20T06:06:02Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Escape template list wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" <includeonly> |+ {{Navbar|Escape template list|text=This table:|style=float: right;}} </includeonly> |- ! scope="col" style="width:7.0em;" | {{no wrap|Template call}}<br>{{normal|('''m''' for magic word)}} ! scope="col" style="width:5.75em;" | {{no wrap|Output}}&nbsp;{{normal|(delayed interpretation as wikimarkup)}} ! scope="col" style="width:9.0em;" | {{no wrap|HTML alternative}} {{normal|(never interpreted as wikimarkup)}} |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!}} '''(m)''' | <nowiki>|</nowiki> | &amp;#124; or {{tl|pipe}} |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|1==}} | <nowiki>=</nowiki> | &amp;#61; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!!}} | <nowiki>||</nowiki> | &amp;#124;&amp;#124; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!(}} | {{!(}} | &amp;#91; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|)!}} | {{)!}} | &amp;#93; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!((}} | {{!((}} | &amp;#91;&amp;#91; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|))!}} | {{))!}} | &amp;#93;&amp;#93; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|(}} | {{(}} | &amp;#123; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|)}} | {{)}} | &amp;#125; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|((}} | {{((}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|))}} | {{))}} | &amp;#125;&amp;#125; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|(((}} | {{(((}} | &amp;#123;&amp;#123;&amp;#123; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|)))}} | {{)))}} | &amp;#125;&amp;#125;&amp;#125; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|(!}} | <nowiki>{|</nowiki> | &amp;#123;&amp;#124; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!-}} | <nowiki>|-</nowiki> | &amp;#124;&amp;#45; |- style="vertical-align:top" | {{tlx|!)}} | <nowiki>|}</nowiki> | &amp;#124;&amp;#125; |}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 58vk6sue41yxi2q53dup9jn0mkuxzu8 10 11857 84950 2022-05-20T06:06:23Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Escape template list/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == Usage == This template is a list of templates for [[escape sequence|escaping]] wikimarkup. <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> [[Category:Documentation see also templates]] }}</includeonly> osvp53t8d68otpxkv8hio9m9m1z3sov 828 11858 84951 2022-05-20T06:07:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* Protection icon the following line controls the page-protection icon in the upper right corner it must remain within this comment {{sandbox other||{{pp-template}}}} */ /* Overrides Some wikis do not override user agent default styles for HTML <cite> and <q>, unlike en.wp. On en.wp, keep these the same as [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. The word-wrap and :target styles were moved here from Common.css. On en.wp, keep these the same as [[Template:Citation/styles.css]]. */ cite.citation { font-style: inherit; /* Remove italics for <cite> */ /* Break long urls, etc., rather than overflowing box */ word-wrap: break-word; } .citation q { quotes: '"' '"' "'" "'"; /* Straight quote marks for <q> */ } /* Highlight linked elements (such as clicked references) in blue */ .citation:target { /* ignore the linter - all browsers of interest implement this */ background-color: rgba(0, 127, 255, 0.133); } /* ID and URL access Both core and Common.css have selector .mw-parser-output a[href$=".pdf"].external for PDF pages. All TemplateStyles pages are hoisted to .mw-parser-output. We need to have specificity equal to a[href$=".pdf"].external for locks to override PDF icon. That's essentially 2 classes and 1 element. the .id-lock-... selectors are for use by non-citation templates like {{Catalog lookup link}} which do not have to handle PDF links */ .id-lock-free a, .citation .cs1-lock-free a { background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg) right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat; } .id-lock-limited a, .id-lock-registration a, .citation .cs1-lock-limited a, .citation .cs1-lock-registration a { background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg) right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat; } .id-lock-subscription a, .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a { background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg) right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat; } /* Wikisource Wikisource icon when |chapter= or |title= is wikilinked to Wikisource as in cite wikisource */ .cs1-ws-icon a { background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg) right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat; } /* Errors and maintenance */ .cs1-code { /* <code>...</code> style override: mediawiki's css definition is specified here: https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/ 69cd73811f7aadd093050dbf20ed70ef0b42a713/skins%2Fcommon%2FcommonElements.css#L199 */ color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit; } .cs1-hidden-error { display: none; color: #d33; } .cs1-visible-error { color: #d33; } .cs1-maint { display: none; color: #3a3; margin-left: 0.3em; } /* Small text size Set small text size in one place. 0.95 (here) * 0.9 (from references list) is ~0.85, which is the lower bound for size for accessibility. Old styling for this was just 0.85. We could write the rule so that when this template is inside references/reflist, only then does it multiply by 0.95; else multiply by 0.85 */ .cs1-format { font-size: 95%; } /* kerning */ .cs1-kern-left { padding-left: 0.2em; } .cs1-kern-right { padding-right: 0.2em; } /* selflinks – avoid bold font style when cs1|2 template links to the current page */ .citation .mw-selflink { font-weight: inherit; } 05swlrxxaulwkgtbbdmtf5atrgfwmuz 828 11859 84952 2022-05-20T06:09:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|header}} This configuration file contains various data that controls the functioning of [[Module:Citation/CS1]] and hence the way that Lua-based citations are generated. It has several sections among which are: # translation tables that contain most of the literal strings that may be included in Lua-based citation. If editors are copying this Module to another wiki using a language other than English, then they should translate each of these values into that language. # a list of error conditions specifying what text to display, what category to include (if any), and what help page section to refer to when errors are detected # a list of ID handlers specifying the recognized document IDs, such as ISBN, DOI, etc., and how to format them. {{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|module_components_table}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly> biogwubrb1rjghyggmlzlh42u2bp8dy 14 11860 84953 2022-05-20T06:10:55Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Hidden categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category}} {{pp|small=yes}} {{Maintenance category |container=yes |hidden=yes |tracking=yes |description=The subcategories of this category are hidden categories. To add a category to this category, add {{tlx|Hidden category}}, {{tlx|Maintenance category|hidden{{=}}yes}}, or <nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki>. A subcategory of a hidden category may or may not itself be hidden, depending on a template or a [[Help:Magic words for beginners#Categories and Indexing|magic word]] in the subcategory or in a parent category. |desc=This category contains '''[[Wikipedia:HIDDENCAT|hidden categories]]'''. Unlike normal categories, these are not displayed at the bottom of pages that are included in them, and are therefore hidden from readers. Typically, categories should be hidden if they are concerned with the maintenance or administration of the Wikipedia project itself but include mainspace articles. Previewing a page whilst editing it will list the hidden categories used at the bottom of the page. If you have [[Special:CreateAccount|created a user account]], you can make hidden categories show up next to normal categories at the bottom of all pages by setting the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|user preference 'Show hidden categories']]. }} {{CatAutoTOC}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hidden Categories}} [[Category:Wikipedia categories]] [[Category:Tracking categories automatically populated by MediaWiki]] pymgg7veinpeicl8fkt0yfhsxejy569 14 11861 84954 2022-05-20T06:12:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{Maintenance category|hidden=yes|shortcut=WP:IPT}} {{polluted category}} {{Empty category}} {{backlog|20}} These pages are automatically listed here, using the <nowiki>{{PROTECTIONLEVEL}}</nowiki> [[Wikipedia:Magic_words|magic word]], when their protection status does not correspond with the protection template used on them. ;Remedies # Remove any incorrect or expired protection templates from the page # Often, a page will not contain the invalid protection template directly, but rather will inherit it from a template which is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] on it. This often happens when the template is protected, but the protection template used for that template is not wrapped in {{Tag|noinclude}} tags. To fix this problem: ##if the template uses either {{tlx|documentation}} or {{tlx|collapsible option}}, that will display any lock icon that is appropriate, so simply remove the protection template; ##otherwise, move the protection template within {{tag|noinclude|content=}} tags, [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Maroon_5&diff=prev&oldid=368544221 as in this example].<br /><small>Note that the pages that link to the template via transclusion will not be removed from this category immediately, depending on the [[Help:Job queue|job queue]], but it should resolve itself automatically. Alternatively, you can [[WP:NULL|null edit]] the page for immediate results.</small> ##if the page is a redirect on which the {{tlx|Redirect category shell}} template is transcluded, check the expiry date to see if protection expires later that same day. If the expiry date is the same day, then the redirect will automatically fall out of this category later that day. If the expiry date is not the same day, then a [[WP:NULL|null edit]] should fix the situation. # If a page has the correct template yet still appears in this category, it could be a problem with the {{para|expiry}} parameter of the protection template. Nowadays, the actual expiry time is automatically detected, so the remedy for problems like this is to remove the |expiry= parameter. Historically, the cause could be one or more of: ## the wrong date format was used ## it indicates a date in the past (commonly encountered when protection expires and is later reinstated without updating the protection template) ## it has the correct date but lacks a time - dates without times are treated as midnight # If the page contains the correct protection template in a proper date format but is still in this category, a [[WP:NULL|null edit]] should fix the situation. {{center|{{purge|UPDATE this page}}}} [[Category:Wikipedia template cleanup|protection templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia page protection]] rvntbk0y54oqb1d1d38zf1i7l6zg1gm 14 11862 84955 2022-05-20T06:13:38Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia template cleanup wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|tracking=yes|container=yes}} Categories of '''[[Wikipedia:Template namespace|templates]] needing cleanup''' are listed here. <!--Categories--> [[Category:Wikipedia template administration|Cleanup]] [[Category:Wikipedia cleanup|Template cleanup]] qkxx63mlauanyc1bf8o813955l71cfo 14 11863 84956 2022-05-20T06:14:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia cleanup wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|shortcut=CAT:CLN|tracking=yes}} <div style="float:right">{{{{PAGENAME}} progress}}</div> These articles (mostly under [[:Category:Articles needing cleanup]]) are in need of general cleanup. Please see [[Wikipedia:Cleanup]] or the articles' [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk pages]] for reasons why. If you're not sure why the tag is there, you can ask on the talk page, ask the person who added the tag, ask for a [[Wikipedia:Third opinion|third opinion]], or ask for an expert opinion on [[WP:RFC]] or a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProject]]. If you're sure the article has been cleaned up, addressing any obvious flaws as well as any specific problems mentioned on the talk page, feel free to remove the tag. There's not much harm in leaving it on if you aren't certain what to do; the tag will alert someone else to come by later and check up on the article. "Cleanup" is a generic label and is a subset of "maintenance". It encompasses all ''remedial'' work that needs to be done, whereas other maintenance lists may contain suggestions for improvement to intact articles. Please ignore the Wikipedia: listings. These appear here for technical reasons. They do not need to be cleaned up, and the tags should not be removed. Use the {{tl|cleanup}} tag to put articles in [[:Category:Articles needing cleanup]]. Please do not [[subst]] the cleanup tag. The bot that sorts cleanup into by-month categories is currently unable to handle subst'ed cleanup tags. Additionally other processes are likely to break the subst'ed tags. This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]]. {{purge}} the cache. ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup]] [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance|Cleanup]] qym30x1gy9debpaoq4uoudsd8smskv6 14 11864 84957 2022-05-20T06:15:04Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Tracking categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{shortcut|CAT:TRACK}} {{Wikipedia category |tracking=yes|tracking_category=no |container=yes |description=The subcategories of this category are other tracking categories. To add a category to this category, tag it with {{tlx|Tracking category}} or {{tlx|Wikipedia category|tracking{{=}}yes}}.}} For a list of the tracking categories that are automatically populated by the wiki software, see [[Special:TrackingCategories]]. {{tlx|Tracking category}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia categories]] i5rlzmjv8h21vmvm3v0oumpltzo9zi7 14 11865 84958 2022-05-20T06:16:49Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Container categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Meta categories}} {{Container category |nocat=true }} {{Category header | first = [[Wikipedia:Container category|container categories]] | subcategories = no | class = admin | type = tracking | template = Category header | parameter = type=container | contents = categories }} {{Cat main|Wikipedia:Container category}} [[Wikipedia:Container category|Container categories]] are categories intended to be populated entirely by subcategories. {{tlx|Container category}}, {{tlx|Wikipedia category|container{{=}}yes}}, and {{tlx|Tracking category|container{{=}}yes}} will also add a category to this category. See the category pages for possible further details of their contents. ==See also== *[[:Category:Wikipedia categorization]] {{Clear}} {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia categories that should not contain articles]] [[Category:Wikipedia categories|Container]] 2xara0i1awiu16jnucaf6zsskdu9pbq 14 11866 84959 2022-05-20T06:17:27Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{Maintenance category | shortcut = CAT:CAT | container = yes }} {{Commons category|Categories}} {{Distinguish|Category:Wikipedia|Category:Categories in category theory}} {{For|the overall top-level category|Category:Contents}} This category is for types of categories and subcategories of pages about [[Wikipedia]] categories. [[Category:Wikipedia categorization| ]] [[Category:Wikipedia namespaces|Category]] iklgktkf5d21itfj6iyl36p4ulzcs6q 14 11867 84960 2022-05-20T06:19:53Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia categories that should not contain articles wikitext text/x-wiki {{empty category}} {{Category header | first = [[Wikipedia]] categories that should not contain [[Wikipedia:What is an article?|articles]] | subcategories = no | lists = no | class = admin | type = tracking | template = No articles | contents = categories }} Registered users can use [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] to check for and remove articles from these categories. [[Category:Wikipedia categories|Categories that should not contain articles]] mtlxg5o4ocs9l9s9pwxr4chde2utadq 14 11868 84961 2022-05-20T06:20:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:CatAutoTOC generates no TOC wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tracking category}} <div style="display:block; float:right">{{CatAutoTOC stats}}</div> Categories which use {{tl|CatAutoTOC}}, grouped by what CatAutoToc does on each page: *[[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates no TOC]] *[[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC]] – using {{tl|Category TOC}} *[[:Category:CatAutoTOC generates Large category TOC]] – using {{tl|Large category TOC}} Templates which transclude {{tl|CatAutoTOC}} are categorised in *[[:Category:Templates using CatAutoTOC]] (population: {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Templates using CatAutoTOC}}) {{CollapsibleLargeCategoryTOC}} [[Category:CatAutoTOC tracking categories|01]] jbhadrvbuf08v47zc5qtjwqfx4988ui 14 11869 84962 2022-05-20T06:21:08Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:CatAutoTOC tracking categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tracking category|container=yes}} '''Contains tracking categories populated by {{tl|CatAutoTOC}}''' {{Category see also|Template Category TOC tracking categories|Template Large category TOC tracking categories}} [[Category:Wikipedia CatAutoTOC|Tracking]] [[Category:Category table of contents tracking]] 4bp7vgfh53xogcis737r6lj3odcrsd2 14 11870 84963 2022-05-20T06:21:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia CatAutoTOC wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:WikiProject Categories]] madf9hd8cggbx5zj3919i5hwomqttyy 14 11871 84964 2022-05-20T06:22:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:WikiProject Categories wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} {{Cat more|Wikipedia:WikiProject Categories}} [[Category:Wikipedia WikiProjects|Categories]] opzmof4ifol8vl8eysd1yjusnbal0ns 14 11872 84965 2022-05-20T06:22:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia WikiProjects wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Wikipedia WikiProjects}} {{Wikipedia category}} This category contains '''Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]''' – those defined in terms of a particular Wikipedia maintenance task or other Wikipedia-specific matter, such as stub-sorting, copy-editing, spam-fighting, template-coding, or bot-organizing, rather than a proper encyclopedic subject area, such as [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Architecture|architecture]]. If your project deals with a particular content area, such as art, culture, environment, geography, history, humanities, science, society, sports and games, technology, or travel, please '''do not''' place it in this category. Instead, please place all such WikiProjects in the appropriate subcategory of [[:Category:WikiProjects]]. The projects are presented in two sections: "Subcategories" and "Pages in category 'Wikipedia WikiProjects.'" {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:WikiProjects|*Wikipedia]] 4ml01vc7btreft2jjm6okx4lw1ftbtw 14 11873 84966 2022-05-20T06:23:12Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:WikiProjects wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} This is the top-level category to organize [[Wikipedia:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]], which are groups of editors working together to improve Wikipedia. You should place your WikiProject's main page and/or main WikiProject category in one of the '''sub-categories''' of this category, not directly in Category:WikiProjects itself. Note that most of these sub-categories are themselves sub-divided. ;See also: * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory|WikiProject Council's directory]] * {{lookfrom|Wikipedia:WikiProject}} * {{lookfrom|Category:WikiProject}} {{WikiProject Footer}} [[Category:Wikipedia collaborations| WikiProjects]] 8lblaui8mwqfornlgl0u7gvnm5lpk9q 14 11874 84967 2022-05-20T06:23:43Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia collaborations wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category}} This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] contains '''[[Wikipedia:Collaborations|collaboration]]''' pages – pages set up to allow many people to focus their attention on one or more articles, in order to rapidly improve them. For a related set of pages intended to coordinate work on a particular topic, see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects]]. Inactive collaborations are listed at [[Wikipedia:Inactive collaborations|Inactive collaborations]]. ===Category tree=== {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia administration|Collaborations]] ljxbwq81cmp1enp8o7ydh0cur0h9zjj 14 11875 84968 2022-05-20T06:25:18Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia errors wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|container=yes}} {{Cleanup category}} {{for|the content category about error-related topics|Category:Error}} [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance|Errors]] qc1a7wypnf7ue65t13kpknzv3ebr2n4 14 11876 84969 2022-05-20T06:26:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page wikitext text/x-wiki {{tracking cat|hidden=yes}} {{polluted category}} {{backlog|200}} {{empty category}} {{CatAutoTOC}} This category tracks uses of hatnote templates that provide as targets pages that do not exist. It is populated by all hatnote templates that use automatic formatting. [[Category:Hatnote template tracking categories]] [[Category:Wikipedia template parameter issues]] 8e4eex4zp3rz4d9p3s9ddck8rhm694x 14 11877 84970 2022-05-20T06:26:33Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia template parameter issues wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia category|tracking=yes|container=yes}} {{warning|Not all articles in these categories need modification.<br />Please read the documentation in each category and the associated templates before making any changes.}} [[Category:Wikipedia template cleanup|parameter issues]] [[Category:Wikipedia backlog|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia errors|Template parameter issues]] {{CatAutoTOC}} gvck4w1znzmsrmr7berm5g5piknha8d 14 11878 84971 2022-05-20T06:27:36Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia backlog wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main cat|Wikipedia maintenance}} {{Cat main|Wikipedia:Backlog|article=no}} {{Shortcut|CAT:B|CAT:BACK|CAT:BACKLOG}} {{Purge button|left}} {{Wikipedia category|tracking=yes}} This category contains '''backlogs''' which need to be dealt with. A [[wikt:backlog|backlog]] is a list of things that need to be done, but have not been done for some time. Backlogs which require the attention of [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] may be found at [[:Category:Administrative backlog]]. Managerial tasks that are not necessarily backlogged can be found at [[Wikipedia:Maintenance]]. Use {{tlx|Backlog}} to add pages to this category. <br /> {{category see also|WikiProjects task lists |Wikipedia requests}} {{Wikipedia community|state=collapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Backlog}} [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance|!Backlog]] {{CatAutoTOC}} cjxexhums8y1oojswm5bt3eo85cieco 14 11879 84972 2022-05-20T06:28:03Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Wikipedia maintenance wikitext text/x-wiki {{Maintenance category|tracking=yes|shortcut1=CAT:M|shortcut2=CAT:WM|shortcut3=CAT:MNT|desc=This category is for Wikipedia pages and categories that list other pages that need '''[[WP:Maintenance|maintenance]]''' (cleanup, expansion, etc.). If you're bored (or helpful) you can come here and look for something to do! '''Cleanup''' includes all '''remedial''' work needed to bring desirable articles up to a basic encyclopedic standard. Note that if you want your user page to link here, rather than be a page in this category, use the code <code><nowiki>[[:Category:Wikipedia maintenance]]</nowiki></code>.}} ==See also== * [[:Category:Wikipedia administration]] * [[Template:Active Wiki Fixup Projects]] {{CatAutoTOC}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maintenance}}<!-- for [[:Category:Tracking categories]] --> [[Category:Wikipedia administration| Maintenance]] 7mg6srhgcolyip2rq5ime0bgowwory9 10 11880 84973 2022-05-20T06:28:47Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Active Wiki Fixup Projects wikitext text/x-wiki {{helpbox |1 = width:200px;{{{style|}}} |templatename = Active Wiki Fixup Projects |name = [[Wikipedia:Maintenance#Maintenance and collaboration resources|Active Wiki Fixup Projects]] |list1 = Must be active, systematic, have lists, & need help. |group2 = Writing |list2 = ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikify|Articles that need to be wikified]] : Massive backlog. Ongoing (category) ; [[Wikipedia:Dead-end pages|Dead-end pages]] : These pages are not [[Wikipedia:Glossary#Wikify|wikified]]. Ongoing (category) ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Missing encyclopedic articles|Missing articles]] : Wikipedia is not as complete as you might think. Ongoing ; [[Wikipedia:Most wanted articles|Most wanted articles]] : Updated February 2015 ; [[Wikipedia:Articles requested for more than a year|Oldest requested articles]] : Updated November 2012 |group3 = Other |list3 = ; [[:Category:Articles needing coordinates|Articles needing geo-coordinates]] : Help locate places. See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates#Geo tag|WP:GEO]]. Ongoing (category) ; [[Wikipedia:Articles written by a single editor|Articles written by a single editor]] : Reviewing articles written by a newer editor. Updated February 2013 ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Bluelink patrol|Bluelink patrol]] : Directing wayward links to the intended articles. Ongoing ; <span class="plainlinks">[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Check Wikipedia|Check Wikipedia]]</span> : Fix the syntax of Wikipedia. Updated every 15 minutes ; [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links|Disambiguation pages with links]] : Directing ambiguous links to the intended articles. Ongoing ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fix_common_mistakes|Fix Common Mistakes]] : Fix common mistakes in English grammar (e.g. "the the", "and and"). Ongoing ; [[Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss|moss]] : Currently doing a collaborative spell-check of the entire encyclopedia. ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Images and Media/Commons|Moving free images to Wikimedia Commons]] : Moving free images to the Commons so they are easier to find. Ongoing (categories) ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage|Orphaned articles]] : Help link to these orphaned articles. Ongoing (category) ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Red Link Recovery|Red Link Recovery]] : Turn red links blue. Ongoing ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stubsensor|Stubsensor]] : Help remove stub tags from articles they don't belong on. Updated August 2011 ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Categories/uncategorized|Uncategorised articles]] : Help categorise articles. Ongoing (category) ; [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Unreferenced articles|Unreferenced articles]] : Ensuring articles include at least one [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|reference or source]]. Ongoing (category) ---- {{flatlist| * [[Template:Active Wiki Fixup Projects|Main]] * [[Template talk:Active Wiki Fixup Projects|Inactive]] * [[Template:MiniAWFP|Mini]] }} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> </noinclude> 7la9zg1n102vdstyhroauntr36bijjv 10 11881 84974 2022-05-20T06:29:14Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Active Wiki Fixup Projects/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]<nowiki>]]) --> == Usage == This is a list of active projects, that: a) systematically find problems in the Wikipedia, and b) produce lists of those problems, and c) ask contributors for help in fixing those problems. So if your project is: a) active (i.e. you have a current outstanding list of things that need fixing) b) systematic (e.g. problems are found using software, not by humans) c) produces lists of specific problems (that preferably can be fixed quite quickly) d) would benefit from help from contributors ... then please add your project to this table, with a link and a brief description. :''Note: If adding or relisting an item, please add it alphabetically to the list. Don't forget to add it to [[Template:MiniAWFP]] as well.''<!-- since list is getting long, alphabetically seems easier to locate things, especially since date of update is in small print --> :''If removing an item, please copy it to the list of inactive projects at the top of the talkpage.'' <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:WikiProject cleanup templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance navigational templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia cleanup|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia WikiProjects]] }}</includeonly> nxeh68ighhab21fjge80ctnqgybyi9v 14 11882 84975 2022-05-20T06:32:01Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Ikiciro:Lua-based templates wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProject Lua header}} {{template category}} {{Category used by module|[[Module:Lua banner]]}} The '''Category:Lua-based templates''' is an index of [[wp:template|template]]s which <code>#invoke</code> modules written in [[Lua script]], using the [[mw:Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] interface. {{CatAutoTOC}} [[Category:Wikipedia modules|Templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia templates by style]] [[Category:Wikipedia template categories]] [[Category:Lua language on Wikipedia]] i1lr5ug4phrnqlznf4dkmrsd9dbn5pc 10 11883 84976 2022-05-20T06:32:26Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category used by module wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cmbox | type = notice | image = [[File:Lua-Logo.svg|32px|alt=Lua logo (no label version)|link=]] | text = This category is used by {{#if:{{{module|{{{1|}}}}}}|{{{module|{{{1|}}}}}}|some module}} for categorization. }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> smxd5pq5i15tmvtv9z936ap6vxpl02j 10 11884 84977 2022-05-20T06:32:39Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Category used by module/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> == Usage == This template is used to provide a backlink to the Lua Module using the category. === Parameters === * <code>1</code> / <code>module</code>: The module page in question. Wikilinking is not automatic and must be done manually if wanted. == Example == <code><nowiki>{{Category used by module|[[Module:Example]]}}</nowiki></code> will render as {{Category used by module|[[Module:Example]]}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata --> [[Category:Category namespace templates|module]] }}</includeonly> 9wuz016o2me92rse83d38aglfkhnowb 10 11885 84978 2022-05-20T06:33:15Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:WikiProject Lua header wikitext text/x-wiki {{page tabs |1=<span style="margin: -5px 0;display:inline-block">[[File:Lua-Logo.svg|22px|link=WP:Lua]]</span> [[WP:Lua]] |2=[[Wikipedia talk:Lua|(talk)]] |3=[[Help:Lua|Help]] |4=[[Wikipedia:Lua/To do|To do]] |5=[[Wikipedia:Lua/Resources|Resources]] |6=[[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Reference manual]] |This={{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}}| Wikipedia:Lua = 1 | Wikipedia talk:Lua = 2 | Help:Lua = 3 | Wikipedia:Lua/To do = 4 | Wikipedia:Lua/Resources = 5}} }}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}} | Wikipedia:Lua = * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Lua|Project subpages]] ([[mw:Lua]] &ndash; index at www.mediawiki.org) | Help:Lua = * [[Help:Lua for beginners]] * [[Help:Lua debugging]] &ndash; about [[debugging]] Lua modules * [[Wikipedia:Lua style guide]] &ndash; standards to improve the readability of code through consistency * [[Module:Sandbox]] provides a pseudo-namespace for experimenting with Lua modules | Wikipedia:Lua/Resources = * en: [[:mw:Lua|mw:]], [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|Scribunto Lua reference manual]] }}{{#if:{{{sc1|}}}|{{shortcut|{{{sc1|}}}|{{{sc2|}}}|{{{sc3|}}}|{{{sc4|}}}}}}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> lxsj66x612ww4y5k827f161kr4srsht 10 11886 84979 2022-05-20T06:33:34Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:WikiProject Lua header/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories go at the bottom of this page and interwikis go in Wikidata. --> == Usage == Add to page: {{tlx|WikiProject Lua header}} Will show: {{WikiProject Lua header}} == Background == Colors used are derived from the dark blue in the [http://www.lua.org/pil/contents.html#P1Lua Lua logo]: {| class=wikitable |+ Lua colors and wikipedia backgrounds <small>([[Help:Using colors]])</small> ! !! RGB !! HSV !! Color !! General usage !! Note |- | 1&nbsp; | <code>#000080</code> || 240°, 100%, 50% | style="background:#000080" | &nbsp; | Source sample || [[:File:Lua-logo-nolabel.svg|Lua&nbsp;logo]] |- | 2 | <code>#0000FF</code> || Hue=240° <small>(66.7%; 170/255<small>dec</small>)</small> 100%, 100% | style="background:#0000FF" | &nbsp; | Basic hue || What we'd call ''the color'' |- | |- | 3 | <code>#A3A3BF</code> || 240°, 15%, 75% | style="background:#A3A3BF" | &nbsp; | Header border only || |- | 4 | <code>#CECEF2</code> || 240°, 15%, 95% | style="background:#CECEF2" | &nbsp; | Main&nbsp;border; Header&nbsp;background || |- | 5 | <code>#E6E6FF</code> || 240°, 10%, 100% | style="background:#E6E6FF" | &nbsp; | 2nd header, accent colour || |- | 6 | <code>#F5F5FF</code> || 240°, 4%, 100% | style="background:#F5F5FF" | &nbsp; | Main background || |} Colors used in the header: <pre> Border: 2 (not 3 to associate well with basic Lua color) Active tab and wide bottom bar: 5 Inactive tabs: 6 Not used: 4 </pre> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here, and interwikis go in Wikidata --> [[Category:WikiProject templates|Lua]] [[Category:Lua language on Wikipedia]] }}</includeonly> 48hmwvsf08b571xmik14hy5ytwcd1jm 10 11887 84980 2022-05-20T06:33:54Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Page tabs wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Page tabs/styles.css" />{{#invoke:page tabs|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 6tisvvasifhpnkfb20tcarb5xjiv3iy 10 11888 84981 2022-05-20T06:34:09Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Page tabs/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <noinclude>{{Page tabs/tabs|This=2}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{Page tabs/tabs|This=1}} {{Shortcut|Template:Tabs|WP:TABS}}</includeonly> {{Lua|Module:Page tabs}} {{TemplateStyles|Template:Page tabs/styles.css}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> This template provides a menu of tabs for linking to different pages. Any number of tabs can be specified. The tab for the current page is indicated by {{para|This}}, with tab numbers starting from 1. Without this parameter, the first tab will be selected. Setting {{para|NOTOC|true}} suppresses the table of contents. This template '''should not''' be used in articles. == Example == {{Page tabs | NOTOC = true | [[User:Example]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 1]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 2|Second subpage]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 3]] | This = 2 }} <syntaxhighlight lang="moin"> {{Page tabs | NOTOC = true | [[User:Example]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 1]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 2|Second subpage]] | [[User:Example/Subpage 3]] | This = 2 }} </syntaxhighlight> == See also == * {{tl|Tab}} * {{tl|Start tab}} * {{tl|End tab}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE: --> [[Category:Wikipedia utility templates]] [[Category:WikiProject tab header templates|*]] [[Category:Tab header templates]] }}</includeonly> 46lchkevaqk8si31j8qvgsnx1ap9lyr 828 11889 84982 2022-05-20T06:34:30Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Page tabs Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{Page tabs}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local makeTab = p.makeTab local root = mw.html.create() root:wikitext(yesno(args.NOTOC) and '__NOTOC__' or nil) local row = root:tag('div') :css('background', args.Background or '#f8fcff') :addClass('template-page-tabs') if not args[1] then args[1] = '{{{1}}}' end for i, link in ipairs(args) do makeTab(row, link, args, i) end return tostring(root) end function p.makeTab(root, link, args, i) local thisPage = (args.This == 'auto' and link:find('[[' .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText .. '|', 1, true)) or tonumber(args.This) == i root:tag('span') :css('background-color', thisPage and (args['tab-bg'] or 'white') or (args['tab1-bg'] or '#cee0f2')) :cssText(thisPage and 'border-bottom:0;font-weight:bold' or 'font-size:95%') :wikitext(link) :done() :wikitext('<span class="spacer">&#32;</span>') end return p 3q1kbyzigclywkt4jw7m0ywsj6v1c8i 828 11890 84983 2022-05-20T06:34:42Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Module:Page tabs/doc wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Arguments}} This module implements {{tl|page tabs}}. Please see the template page for documentation. ovypzkw5ku5c4xxvzp5exxrqn3r4o6n 10 11891 84984 2022-05-20T06:35:19Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:TemplateStyles wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Uses TemplateStyles]] tmjsm6iqvyczbrecmj7ndfqiz13fl0n 10 11892 84985 2022-05-20T06:36:45Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Page tabs/tabs wikitext text/x-wiki {{Page tabs |[[Template:Page tabs|The template]] |[[Template:Page tabs/doc|The documentation]] |[[Template:Page tabs/tabs|Example tab page]] |[[Main Page]] |This={{{This|3}}} }} iqwn7nn48f5y301sijcrpcqaouz170x 10 11893 84986 2022-05-20T06:37:10Z BevoLJ 10818 Creating Inyandikorugero:Page tabs/styles.css sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .template-page-tabs { background: #F8FCFF; width: 100%; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: -4px; } .template-page-tabs > span { padding: 0.5em; line-height: 0.95em; border: solid 2px #a3b1bf; white-space: nowrap; margin-bottom: 4px; } .template-page-tabs > span.spacer { display: flex; /* hides any whitespace we put inside */ padding: 0; flex: 9px; border-width: 0 0 2px 0; } .template-page-tabs > span.spacer:last-child { /* We want this to get first priority, which flexbox doesn't really understand but hopefully this will do. */ flex: 1000 1 0; } i0frl1ymh01ha57fwwvqej0cnyjpwud